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001 
éɽ
йʡһɽǵɵķԴأҳΪ̳Сһأڰ˶족֮
ɽۣơѡ֣ɽҳơ֮֮֮꣬桱
ʱéֵéӯé̡éɽ޵ƣˣΪéϹ£ľɽΪéɽơéɽ
䣬éɽ̴ﵽ˶ʢʱڣǰɽ룬䣬ۡȸִС̽ǧ䣬ʿǧˣСۡʮé֮֡˵
ڽʮͰʮʮƽ֮éɽȴԵЩ˥ܣȻڰʮھ޸Ȼֶʢʱڵ
ڿ̳ؽɽ´£żСׯĲʮ˼ңСһĴӣֻʮÿ峿ʱ֣ܿɽŸ
Щĺӣѧ󣬶Ҫ·ȥϵѧУ顣
ɲʲôޣѧҪԹԵϣéɽûʲôҰޣܹ˵·ǲݳʲô⡣
ҶӸ磬ͷżˣҪҪף£ȥӼҵ׵͵׳Ժòã
һɽС·ϣĸšʮͷİСӣбžɫŲһ˫С۾·Ѱţ¶ŽֺͷĲЬʵŵϵСʯӡ
ᵽ˳ԣмǸСк֮⣬༸Сһ۾鲻Խ˿ˮ
ȻʱλʦѾ˸ĸ￪ŵĿںţϷغһҲҵؽŴ衣
ƫƧСɽڡСӣӡĺǣÿҵʱ䣬ˣ֮⣬̸۵ľǳˡ
ڼмҶСӵĻ󣬿˵ʲôװҼ㣬зͻء
Ҫ˵ҾҶ˵⼸ģҶĸ뷽跨ΪӲӪûԣǴûϹġ
ԣСһĿˮʱ˳ҶҴǿǶɵģǰˮҲ˺ȵĻζ
ҶӸ磬İɣҾǵ
һСĽؿҶ죬˾ܳȣǾǼܳԵĶĽ
ǸߵǼ򵥣øгˣһͷĥ⣬ɹӣһͷԲȦ
ҵ㶴󣬾Ϳ԰ѹ붴Թһ£ʹȫڣתһ½Ƕȣ˳⣬ʱһֻסĲ㶴
˵ףպûȴǼѵģҶܳΪΧӵĺ˴ͬ޶֮⣬һֵļ˶Ȳϡ
ưģʲôԵģзźóأ·ݸպǳзʱڡ
éɽشˮ磬ɽϪ鲼ƺз̫ð׽ȥԣǵ׽洦ɼƶҲ뷽跨Լ
ҶƲƲ죬ȭͷвĿ⿴ߵļ飬˵ſ˵飬˭ҰְȻ
ҶӸ磬İɣǲŲ˵ء
Сһֺõı飬յҶߣʵҶӸ磬Ѿӷڽϣ׿ȹûа
Ȼˣһ۾ͱˡ
Ҷɫ㬵˵СѾͷƬ̫ˣȥʦԼ꿼˫ҲûõѧĽ״
òƶСѧҶδοԶ֣ȴûùһŽ״ǰŮͬѧıϵϣвӱڣҳûٽС
ҶӸ磬ҪǳԹȥϴɣ֪ӽҪȥˮ
Сһת˸⣬˵ﺢӷ磬ʵƫƧɽ̫ˣСӵľ޴й
ɣǼСĵ㣬׽ɱгȥˡ
Ҷ˵ͷҲǵһθˣ˵Ҷʱӽ·Ĵףڶɫȥѧ
ȻҶԸǡߺѽѽǸʲô˼Ҳûôס
Сһ˵ŻѾ˲ԶĴӣʱӿ˽Ųȥԭڴڴ׼ӭһֻƹ⼸һæнβ˻ȥ
ҶڵĴӣׯ˼壬ӳҶ츸֮⣬ȫ˵̫ƽʱֵܴձѵˣӡ
ׯǺܴһֻжʮ˼ңӴͷβӾһȦ
ڴʯӵǽϣšҪ˽ޡ޲׼Ļеףʯҷˢ
ֶգǼؼ˵һ͹ɡߵͷҶͣס˽ţҾڴڴ
ҶԭǴһãʮУλЩѰҪƳ⽨šĿȺСǸҵˣҲ֪ǵס
֪ǵķ磬סʮ˵ãֻҶ츸ӶˣټĵطЩưܡ
֣һˣҽֿ˫١
ҶһԺžʹ͸ղС˵ĽͬҶ˿˵ȴǵصͨƺŹӾǻζ
Сӣôǲָʲôˣ
׻˵֪ĪҶԺվֱЦһ䣬ÿ궼ҪʦѵüΣȻ˽ǵıˡ
Ҷò͸ƣҶƽӣҶȴһ㣬ҶСʱ͵ˣҶǿŮƯҶʱ͵һéɽ˵ҪȥʦѧӺ
ҪéɽûУ˷ӳӲŵġ¡󣬹Ҷ춼Ұͷͺȥҡ
ûе£֣ɱ
Ҷ콫˦һߣЦشűùһľ壬ľĶˣһӡ
ľڵϣҶִԱߵץһؽ䶤ľϣֲ֪һСһͽĶƤˡ
ˮﳭһ֮Ҷַɿľ˼£һһһصĻһƬƬԱ׼˵´ɸ
Ϊô꣬ȻǵһŸɻˣҶûҶƽҲˣһЩл󣬽ƬУš͡죬һζԺ
ʱһ´ɸӱƬһһͷͰϣ⻹Լֵˣũԣ⼸ҲǺܷʢˡ
Ȼֻˣȴ㣬߽أƬ㹻˳Եˡ
㰡ҶҴϻʱ˵ƾƣһȼ
һЦһҶƽµ˽󣬸ֶռСӣһȴͷԵģڳҶɫ
ʦ
˺Ҷʵ˺ܶ࣬վؾصĺʦ˲İΣŵϰ֣˭֪ǲ״ģ
ںȻװһʵҶ죬ЦСӣѧϰǲ̫ƤҪȫ淢չа
ԼѧںȻҲǿЦãҶѧϰɼû˵˵СѧˣҲһǲѧã˼춼ˡ
ʦƫѧϰɼõѧȻﻹϲģڽ˼μҳںȻǺҶƽѡ
ҶƽһںȻҲ֪࣬ڵ˶󣬾ûзϺ߰굽ڣһֱСѧν̡
ںȻ飬ҶƽЦ˵ʦСǲǻˣ첻Ϸߣ͵Լĺӣѵʱ
а֣ҶˣԷɡ
ҶЩؿʦҲ֪ԴӰκԼӳ֮󣬵ûôСˣܶȥˡ
ԷԷҶһ
ȻںȻûѧУ飬ȼСһΧӱߺ󣬶˾ƵıӣҶƽһ¡
ơȵûζǶͷҶƽһ¶ǣҡҡͷƺ뵽ʲô΢΢Щ
ںȻ¾Ʊ˵Ҷм˵ء
ǺȾ죬Сһûţӷ裬Ǽ˿ȻһƬ۾һĿ꣬һСһ㡣
֣ʦǳԱˡӹϵĲ˾ͱϯһգҶСվ۾űߡ
Сӣһһܳԡ
˿ϵĿ룬ҶƽЦһ䣬վ˵ȥɣʦٳ㻨ף˵

Ȼׯû˼װӣũҹǱȽֵģԹˣܽгΪСׯƽһ
ҶӸ磬ҿ
һСԺ˼ҵĴ£СԴţŴ¹⣬ϡԼŵƵǰ׻塣
Ȼ仹ĳλı仯ȴѧУͬѧţĺʱԼСһֻҪŶӲڼҵʱǶִ˲ƣ
Сӣ
Ҷ켸СŶϱƨϵǿź룬߻ұߵʱԺſͻȻһը졣
ֶգ㲻˵ҪҹŻ֪Ըռһˡ
Ҷ֪ƢҪǱץУָµȫ˶֪ɲΪԼڶӽʱͻᱻ
ӶסԺǣСһʱɢ׷ȥũΧǽҲһ׶ߣСֶնܷùȥ
ҶܵΧǽϣʹֶյĺʹͷһȴǱŤס˶䣬ɺء

Ҷһ䣬ȴһ㶼ûںԼߵǽϳһ֮Ծɵķ˳ȥ
ȥʦǰɡ
˶ӼҵԺӺҶҲûؼңֱӺɽȥɲżٵһͰᣬɽ϶㼸ϰֵٻؼҲ١
ȻéɽܣҶҲǲ壬ʱ͸ɽֻ꣬ϴɽ壬Եɺϵһƾʧ޵صʶ˸ԳϵʿƵİʦ
ҶҲ֪ʿˣϵʿ˵˾éɽλʱ򣬾һһĳƺ
ҶСʱ֪˾˭ѧԺ֪˳ͷ󣬾;ЦϵʿţϵʿҲֻЦ
ϼһȻе߶߶ģ෨ˮֿڵ鼮ȴһùҶֻѧһЩʹͬ޵ˡ
ׯɽϵصۣҪһСʱʱ䣬ߵһʱϺȻ˱꣬ҶϵѾܵһˡ
ʦʦˡҶĻһͷ˵ۡ
۲Ǻܴ󣬳˽Ŵ֮⣬ֻ᷿ʧޣѾƾɲˣȥ걻ϼһ˵ˣʡҶȥš
ʦأ
ҶǰתһȦȴǷϵʿȻڵͷ߻ŵм乩ŵһһݡ
éɽ۹岻ͬȴһͨĵʿ
̨ϵĵʿ£٣ַǰȴͷһƴС̣ͿȥΪ졣
ϵʿĻ˵һڣȻ˼ȴҪĤݵġ
ô꣬ϼһﲻʲô°ɣ
Ȼһըƺ˻ΣҶͷ棬ԽΪϵʿ
ţʲô
Ҷʱ򣬺Ȼ𡰸¸¡ͷȥȴֱܾԼķ
ʦүҿɶû
Ҷ̧ͷʱµʿѾͬСɽһԼѹҶæȥİСſʦүԴ
ֻǻûҶԸӹһٵʱ򣬺Ȼоͷһʹȴٹͷ֣ҶСԴϡ
Ȼ֣ܵҲСһĵҶͷѪʱ£ֻо˫һڣ˾˹ȥ
׶ߵܣӹ̨ˤºҲķɢһأ֪ǧǰǷ㵽Լд˽ѣ
ͷëϸѪܼĵطƽʱƵƤҲѪֹģҶСС嵹ڵϣһѪͽߵĵȾˡ
ıµؼˣһŰţƾɲصⱩҡҡ׹ƺʱ̮


002 
ĵӳյĹڵĹҲǺ
ھҶͷԶĵطһԭƴСƬڱҶѪմȾ󣬺Ȼɢӫ⡣
ʱ˵Ļܷ֣ӫܵģһɫڵĹǣĿ˸ӵߣеǷˮʦõ̡
ͳ̲ͬǲụ̂Ǳһ̫ͼˣӦšǬ뿲㡱ͼԵ쳣Ĺء
ԭɫģǵմȾҶѪǻһ㣬Ѫ͸Ǳϣһصͼʾ˳
ͻȻһըڵĹ͵һ£ڹǵϷԼһ̫ͼһ̣뵽Ҷü֮УϵĹǣȴʧˡ
һ˺īڵĻһѶ£ĹԿҶС΢΢š

ÿȥҲ죬ͣЪָֻյƽֻµˮ鷢
ڶϣ磬ɽֵδ䣬ľҷɴһ˿ּƣʱɽϵľ˸ˮ㾧Ө̡
һӰɽ֮䣬Ȼ·ˮʪӰȴǺһ˿ͣͣʱѾ˵ſڡ
һеĵĵʿϵص۾һ㣬ҲƾɲˣͷϵĶڸ·Щɢңɫ΢΢󣬵ȴûһ˿ơ
ɫʿʮӣ纣ȴܿһ˿ɣ˲С
Ǹ𣬻ʦүĻҵûٵ
ưܵصۣϵʿǰ˸Ҿ͸©Ĵźʹǰκ󣬲࣬첽˽ȥ
ʦүСǰվһ٣һܽ
ſտҲĹ̨ϵʿװģָּͷȴһʱûзཬĵϣиСС塣
ʦûҲһѰ
ƴҶ죬ϵʿĻ󣬶ʱһϼһƽʱڼΪһʮˣȴû׼ʲô
ʦʦԴʦүˡ
ոתҶ죬оԴЩͷһѣȴֶѪҶٴҲֻǸʮͷĺӣ¾
Ӵҵıͽܣ㡭ôˣ
ѪҶ죬ϵʿһæҶ챧µҶϼһ£˿
ܵ˵㾮ˮҶϴ˿ںϵʿص﷭˸ӣСָһɫҩ࣬ҶĶͷ˵û£ֻƤˣʧѪе࣬Ҳͺˡ
еͷһҶҲ˼֣ɫƵؿϵʿ˵ϼһҷżپ㣬ǲҰӦٰ
Ȼ֮˵ѶҪ͵컻գȴǱҪӦ֮ˣҲ׻˵
ҶСǶԡ෨Լء鱳Ĺ죬Ī֣֮Ȼϲ޵ʦˡ
аС¶ˣϵҸ㲻
ҶĻϵʿײ֮ҶΪͽһɽռҸ
ΪҶأϵ̽˼Ҷദ꣬ʼ޷ϳҶ
Ҷ쵹ûϾϵʿȥȴмֺ棬ʵɽȥˣ
ͽ㿴ʧޣҲɽȥԵ˷һ
˵£ϵʿһĲޣƾʲôéɽɾɹҸλҰû˹ʰ
ȥʱ򣬹Ҳǧ򣬶éɽľ򸣹Ԫ˴ģ޸
ʱϵʿȥռˣʩ˳µۣû뵽ȴϵĵʿ˻һֱء
ҶͷѾһѪ̵˿ڣû˵ʦ˼ڽĻǷ⽨ţһ𣿡
ƨķ⽨ţԴ׷ݵۣǰġѧߡ䡢񼪡ռȻѧ
ҶĻϵʿʱ˽ţھʮƽٺӸոպùһ㣬׼һأȴû뱻ͽܸ˵ɷ⽨ˡ
ðɣʦⲻǷ⽨ţܲܰҴˮʵ
Ҷİ˰֣ڿûϼһﶷ죬ŵϵһ̯ѪҶе£ҪܶҵϣԸѾС˰ɣ
ƨ˿ڣѧˣ뵱ϵҿʹôźüСɽתƣǹ۶ü
ϵҶ̬ȺǲԴͽܺýڹΪˮĻƣɶǵʱżҶɵġ
ȻţϵǴԺеľˮõȥտˣҶˣȴǺȲˮ
Сӣɴ˯ᣬȥԵȥ
ҶήҲĿϵʿ᷿Ĵϣô꣬ʲôǲָˣϣҲˮ
ϵҶһٶˣҪźСޣͽյĿ
죬ҲٺҶ֮ϵʿɽȻɧٲ˵ġ
һСʱϵһֻĸص˵ۣСҶ˯㣬ҲûԸɱ׼Ҷ
ʦյʲôô㣿
ԭ˯Ҷ죬Ƕ˵ǹŨСӾǻȻʧ˲Ѫ˯˼ʱ󣬾ѾָĲˡ
ۣĸʦá
ƿҶʱϵʶ˲ˣҶ컹ǵһִ
Сˣϵɽ㡭
ҶĻϵϺһ£ȷģĸȴɽʱ˳ִһ׽ġ
ϵʿֻһɬũ壬ҲûԸµĸġ
׻˵ϳɾϵ黹治࣬Ȼȱٵϣϼλɽвҩ⼦յζ硣
˼Ҷɷ׵Сһ˿Ѫɫ۾ת֮󣬿ϵʿʵʦɽԵûУҪٲޣʱײĶʡˡ
Сӣ᲻˵˻
ϵʿҶ˵ɫЩ̣ѵһȴҶ˵ķס֣һ˵ѡ෨ƪҿС͵ûС
ŶҪĿҪ壬»һ׺޳ɡ
Ҷ쿴ϵɫƣ¹ԹԵرһ߱һ߿ϵʿ۾ȴϼһôûƾ
ţ⡭ô£
Ҷ쿴ϵʱԴȻоһѣΣʱֻ˼ӣظ֮Ҷȴ֣ƺʲô


003 
ʲô
иоһѣ֮Ҷ췢֣ԺһƴСڹǣԿŸͼ
Ҷϸȥʱ򣬹ȴͻȻʧˣһ׭ǰ⵹ѲҶ죬ʱ򣬾͸ϵѧϰ׭ˡ
Ԫˣ1880ֵˣˣ1896ǰţʦʮŴˡ
ԴĪֵЩ壬ҶЩɵˣֻ˿ϵʿһۣԼ֪˺ܶ鰡
ʹҶ޶ۣҲ֪ЩϢ϶ǺϵʿйصģǼ٣Ҷ޴ӷֱˡ
þһǻþϼһĵһٶ˰
ҶȻӣѧϰɼǺܺõģô򵥵Ȼ㣬1880ˣһˣҶ춼ţǰϲ޾Ȼô
ţôˣ۾ҡͷҶ챳оϵͣ۾
Ҷһʱûع˸µȣʦЩͻᱳ˵ģҪٱ˰ɣ
̫СһĶܽ㣬ΥͣЩǻһҪá
ҶĻϵʿϰԵ֣ҶԴֻǿƺ㬵˻ȥ
ҶȻС۵ǲ٣ûиϵԺеϢǿ˵ʦҶѧ˺üˣҪҽһԣ
㣿
ϵŤͷб۾Ҷһۣ˵߻ûѧأˣҪôǿƻࣿ
ϵ֮ôʣΪҲͽ̹ҶһЩǳ֪ʶɫ̬ЩһģҶҲʺѧ
ɡ
Ҷֱ壬ϵ˵ʦͣɶϷʵüëλ߳¡ʱһǷɣ
٣Сӻմŵ˰
ϵһҶ⻰Ц˵ʦʮţʮ˭֪ףû˵Լģ
ϵȻЩɻ󣬵Ҳû£ʦӵ෨һഫģҶܴԼͣпЩߣʲôϡ¡
ҿİ
ϵû⣬Ҷ𾪣ȴ޷ģϼһйţǡԼԺֵЩϢҲˣ
Ҷ˿װһСģ˵Ȼҿģʦüëϸϣ԰֮࣬Ӧֵˣ۽С룬ȴ˫Ǿǽλһ߸ɣ
ǰ˵ıȽͳҶ˵׼ȷһ㣬뿴ϵʿʲôӦ˵˵ĻǾ֤ԼԲǳ˻þˡ
ŶˣʦҿӡЩ˵Ѫְ֮
仰ҶϢģĿϵӡôЩޣ˳˵һ䡣
˭֪Ҷ컰δ䣬ֻߡ۵һԭϿ֧ڻƵϵҶĻ͵һȴ˴ˤȥ
ĵطǰſڣϵʿһҪȴ˴żǿһʯż
ϵʿӵľҲˣͷҲɢˣͷѪģҶҲò˶٣ӦҶ췽Ѫֵ֮Ǿ仰
ϵȻûа˷ϣһסԱ߿ĿɿڴҶ죬˵Сӣ㡭ղŵĻԼģ
Ҫ˵˵ļ׻ز٣ǱȽЩģҪȷԷֵܽãϵԼҲв
Ҫ֪ϵʿȻǳһȷмʵѧǧսϣʦеڣʣķˣ֮ı
ϵʿ߽ʱ򣬸õȴһЩַǾǡסš
׼ԼҪȥ̯һ岻ͬ˻ص㣬סǵٵĶ໹ƽͷϰն࣬һҪġ
ν뷽跨ȿڡིŪ֢֮ҩסģɵĻȥ׶Էʵ飬һӶԷĻߣϡ
ڡšǾǱһЩĹŻԷȵԷʱȻ˵֪ˡ
һϵʿļʵ죬ʵڲٵطŻɵĳƺ
ʮǰվֻʱԪΪ˶սңéɽû뻹ûȥֻص
ҪǶʼͱ˸ţͷڼҪ򵹵һˣϼһҲٶ㵽ڻ֪ңء
Ϊһĵϵˣϵʿţһ飬ڹھܳң˰ʮ꣬ȷҲû
Ҫ˵ֵܽãϵҲܴпİ˾ŲʮǻһٶˣŷḻͿľ顣
Ҷôʱϼһﻹ˽ҡͷԵı־أҶĻ󣬶ʱǴʧɫС޶Īʦүˣ
ʦѪ֮ҿģֵܽǸȿȣҴλġ
ϵʿʧ̬ҶЩ£ԼãԼʾϢһ˵飬Ҳ֪Ǻǻʶľû˵滰
λֲãҾ˵Сôô׼ģ
ҶĻϵʿسҪҶĻǾͲţˡ
ϵͷϵ˿ں˵СѾѧԹɫˣţҾ͸˵˵һɡ
ϵʿ֮ҶΪͽҪΪɽƧ̫ģҸ˵ƣȻ´Ҷ첻٣Ҳ߱éɽۿˮԼȴûжҶ˵
¿Ҷ˻飬ϵǶˣҲһٶˣ˵Ļһţһˣʦ²ɻҪȥġ
һʦүµˣѾǵʮˣȻжʧԼˮһ򣬹ܳҡ
ʦЩҶ֪ˣ˵ЩҲ֪İɡϵû˵꣬ͱҶϵˣЩԴ޵Ļ֪ٴˡ
СӣһУҪ˵۲죬ë꣡
ϵصҶһۣ˵ڣһչӣʦйļңľʱżȥ̨壬ҲˡʦҿӦҲʮ˰ɣʱɷֲãǻᣬܵȥˡС֮⣬Ĺ򣬶ûǣǸԵǳˣԺܻġ
˵ϵʿҲ겻ѣȻ꣬˼ϣͽִܶģ뵽˻Ǹпѡ
ʦкϵҵʦ磬ܳȥѽ
ϵʿĻҶСֵĺڿɲʮǰкϵĶҪǧټƵ±ϸñӡ
˭ҪкϵǿǺĽһ顣
Ҷһͬѧľү̽ף͸һӱСһڶðݣ·ʱ򶼺޲ðֹǰ
ҵǣҵҲȥˣɽˮ㣬Ժˡ
ϵʿЦҡҡͷһ֤йеĴ¼ǿ飬ٻһ˶ԣûʲôˡ
ȻһϵʿվˣЩԺ˵Ҳôɽʶһˣȥѷص


004 
ɽС·ϣһһСӰɽȥ˸еǣ˴һɾصۣȴûдЬŲŢС·ϡ
˵ͷϻԴһڣͷϵ˿ǲ£ˣмɷǡ
ʦǸȥ
Ҷ֪ϵϵİ˫ոµĲЬҲ֪ʦôЬ⣬ϵʿоǺܲ⣬ôʣɽȥƭɣ
ɽһ˼ǰ˰ᦣؼˣҴȥ¡
ϵ˵ŵȴּӿ˼֣éɽ廹Ҫһ㣬ҪĵʿԼ˿ɾͰˡ
£Ҷ챻ϵĻ׵õｹۣǺеĻ˰ɣʿȥǲе㹷úӶˣ
ƺҶ˼ϵһ˵ôˣҽ㱳ġ鱦Ʒƾǡ˾ɶ;ѣ硭
ϵ⻰˵ȴеʿǿµģéɽ̵ռԶʤ̣а£Ҳǵʿ
ֻովеϸĸ￪Ųãһ˼ҲûʲôǮԾûôؽҶСС䣬Ȼ֪Щˡ
ʦǻסﰡҶ׷һ䣬СҪӣɲ봩类ͬѧǿǻЦ
ϵʿȴǲ֪ҶǵС˼˵é´ϣ߿һ㣬Ȼϲطˡ

֪ȥҶ˴Ӧһӿ˼ֽŲѧУé´ҲʶʲôˣȻ¶ˡ
ɽ֮ϵҶ˴Ϫϴɾ˽ţЬӣé´ȥȻʮ·ȴǵŸϵϡ
٣ǼаϺҶʱ˷ܵغ
طÿһʮ壬϶мУʮ˶˰̯֣ǱȽϿϣ˿ѾǼˡ
شéɽڣҶϵҲԵͻأΪΧȺʿӰ
ʦˣġ
ʦ쿴׻
ȺҶѾĿϾˣڴʱҶУֵĵطˡ
ȣʦǲǵͬ𣿻ֱأʦͷȣ˭ѽҶۼ⣬һ̯ӣʱסϵ
ȥȥеñʦǰĶǸŴլҪǻôԵʦү棿
ϵҶĻʵɫ̣һĵϵˣôȥ·̯߰أռȻǽģҲָŵȵġ
·̯֣߰һոëһģ͵ȵˣҶҲûʲôʵѧϵŲмΪ֮ء
Сӣϵˡ
˾ţ֮ŰҶȺ˳ϵҲ۵ûָǰ˵ߣȻ緹ûóˡ
Ӷͷͷϼ˺ܶ࣬˳ϵָĵطҶ쿴һС¥˼ҡ
ڼƻгùɣʹƱܸôһС¥ǿǲ˵飬ҲǼԪ
ƽʱôһ˼ңĽģ˿̴Ա·ˣ⻧˼ҵĿУȴЩϣŵֻ

¥ĶСԺһãһʮĸŮŸ˾Ÿ´Ѿ˯˵Скһơ
󲮣ҪСҽԺɣһѹҪޣҲǰ취
ŻСɷ׵ĺӣŮ۲ѣɷȥˣҪǺи̣ӿô
Ѿǵˣǰ˶࣬û룬ɷѾ룬ĶˣԺҲСӵĿԵ˺ѷΡ
һʮĴͷ̣Ů˵Ļ󣬺ݺݵĽͷڵˣվ˵УɩӦţͷԵ㶫ǾȥҽԺ
ϴЩƣԴǰ䣬һһˣΪԶԪҪǣϱȥʱ˸Сӡ
˵Ǹ˲Ĵ飬Ҫֵ֪ϴ̥Ů϶Ķһʱȫ˶Ĳˡ
˭ϵԲȱеϦСԽԽõʱ϶һγȴ˳ʬ׶ûܱ
ҪǣԴ϶˳СֶҲʼ޸ͣҲϳԶȥϵҽԺȴֿߡ
һıʣϴ߳ߺӵͷϣҲ˼˿׷ʮˣȻԵЩˡ
Сˣ󲮣ô찡
˵ĻŮ˻ĺӣСһһ۾۵Ůᡣ
УھߣȥҽԺ
ϴѸյŵӵ˵ϣֽӱ˹ոߵԺſڵʱȴǰվˡ
λˣʡʲô𣿡
Ϊĸ￪ŵһˣϴȻżȴûʧһ߰۴޵ֶӣһ߿ϵʿϵߵҶ죬ǱϴԶ˵ˡ
ۣλʿˡ
ϵϴһۣ֣ʳָһ֮壩̧ǰ˵Һµо·ֹլɷأشʥأ֪λʿΪβ˻أ
ϵʿĻҶ͵͵˸ۣ˻⣿ܵӵô±𣿡
ϵἰɷҶЩ̧ͷԺ￴ȥҲϵѧ߷֪ʶֻȴûмʲôɷ֮ġ
ţ⡭ô£
Ҷϵڵ֪ʶۿԺӵʱгֵǸǣͻȻֳˣҶ㺰˳
ֻǺϲͬҶеתһȦ֮󣬱ϵ߹âʢȻΪҶ˫۴
⡭ʦ˵ɷ𣿡
ǹҶеʱǰľƺ͸ղЩͬˣõҲ࣬һЩĻɫ
Ȼ˿գλȴõķڵסˣǵȻɢԱߵԵЩμ
Īǹ˶Ľͣ
ǰľҶð뷨ΪںµȶԱǾƲʲô֮ġ
ֻ䣬Ҳʲôի־֣Ǻ͹֡𡱵ĽеǾڡתž۵ΪΪΪۡ
Сӣôˣ
ҶԺѰʮΪʲôԽǰʱͻȻе첲һ£ع󣬲ŷԼѾվԺ
û£ʦڹ۲˵ɷءϵʿһҶеľָֻԭǵȴҲˡ
СҲˣⷿ⣿
ҶĻϴЩɵؿСʿҪ˵ϵϵȷйӸ˵ζСëӶʲô


005 ܹ
յ磬ոÿʢʱ򣬶طȴɭɭģɷ֣
ҶССŸڣȻŬһ˵ģ˵Ǹһɺܹĸо
ⷬȴ˵ͷͷǵһԵϵҲͷ¶һ˿ɫԸû̹Щɣ
СӶЩϲŪҶȻͬҪӱ࣬ǼϴԼ΢΢Щм̬ȣҲֺʤ֮
˵֮ҶָŸղԼƬλã˵

ϴ˳Ҷָȥȴлǰĵط⼸ϱһֱǱСġ
ԭҶ첻˵ûô⣬ҶĻϴ˼ȻоЩɭɭʱͷƤЩ顣
ţҲˣ
ϵĵ˵ͷתϴ˵ʿֵ֮⺢Ӿһֱֲֹɣϵʱ׾ѡ
ϵ֮䣬˵˼﷢飬ϴ¶ݣһסϵʿ˵ˣ˵ûҿɾʣһˣһҪȾ⺢Ӱ
ϵЦۺ룬˵С˵㾪Ǳųȥһһǣɷأ˵ģµġ
ɣ㣬ȾҵĺӰɣ
ϵĻкĸ̲סˣСҪϹȴǱϵһָסˡ
ʹãʹãҾˡ
޲ѵӤһۣϵֽ˻źĸ˵ȥǰݺ󣬺⺢ӵ֡
֣ĸһ£֪Ǹʲô˼
ã죬˵ĻȥϵĻϴæ˵ϱһѡ
ũ屾нлһ˵ҲЩطǡꡱŮû˵ϴȴ֪ģԶϵĻŲɡ
úӣඣ⡭
Ů˵֮ϵֱźӣ֣װģڿץһѣȻḧźӵر

ƺ⺢ӵĻıϵץһ㣬ԭ޺ֹӤȻͣס˿ڣһ˫ˮĴ۾ؿϵ
ͼӰЧϴ֮࣬ϲѾȥˣΨһѪٲܳˡ
ˣŶɣ죬
Ҫ˵ղŻǰһһʿĴǣϴǿϵɻˡ
ƨɣƭӻ࡭
ϵߵҶϴĻ󣬲ûЦʲôܵʧȥһһǣȫǳ
⺢ɫήң֫䣬ⶼҽ֤ı֣Ҫԭ⺢صĵطʱ䳤ˣ͵
׻˵˵СˣĴĵطˣʧҲǻģͻ֮˵ѹûһëǮĹϵ
СΪʲôͻȻˣǵȻϵĹ͡
Ҷ֪ϼһ˷ˮ֮⣬ҽϵҲǼģһһĵרᣬһСϢֵ飿
һҶ쿴ûʲô˲ģǷŵϴֱоˣýݺæŶ˲赹ˮ¾ϵʱҲûڹ
ϵҶ쵹˲ˮϴ󿪿˵ɣԴҺֵ֮һһˣҲ֪ô£һʱȴǻָ·ɡ
һζܳҲٻĺأͷҲûʲôһ˵еʧҪܡ
Ȼ׬˵Ǯȥ޳ķú⳥ǮϴҲЩ׽ˣԸղϵĻȻһյƣϣ
ʿĪ㿴ⷿӵķˮ
ϵϴĻִӿص˸˫ƽˣվ߶
̣
ϵеĶҶ۾͵һԺгֵĹǣⶫа˾ŷư
ѵԼĪĶṆ̀
Ҷһ˿򣬲ƾ˿ǹϵе̶Աһ£ԺȴտҲ
ʦ߳˷䣬ҶҲ˲̽æȥ
ߵС¥ı棬ϵͣס˽ŲָžС¥߰׵ʵʿԺӺˮǰòڿİɣ
Ȼéɽܱһӣ˵ũ壬ΧҲׯڵأˮҲôۡ
ԣԣдȥϷͻˮֳܷҲһǰ顭
ϴͷ̶һɻ˵ɣĪǡǵĻ£
ԣʿˡϵֱԣⷿÿǰɽˮԭǼõġˮȴޣ¶ĸСἱ»ҪϱĻ¡
ϵ⻰ǿϴģˮԭǺصģˮھ󷽣ͻᵼͣö֮ͻ˼
϶ˮûйϵǽˮƽɻԺסкܴôġ
ǡǲǽˮƽˣ
ϵʿĻϴ֪֢״ɺڲѣԼһʱ뷨ȻԼֵܵ
ǵģʿ˽ˮƽˮȻָˡ
ϵʿ˵ͷȻ˸Ҿ˵ʿˮѽ⣬ʦͽҪصۣȸˡ
ʦ
ϵĻҶ̲סϵʿ½ǣԶظ˵ɵ۵ˣ緹ûأôҪ߰ѲʦҲѧ׷
ûҶ쿪ڣϴǲӦˣһסϵ˵ˣаֶľˣҪˣԺһҪ˴ǰ
Ȼϵ˵ˮѽ⣬ϴﲻʵ˵ˣС¥ɷ֮ڣһϵˣ⺢ôأ
ߣȻǸߡ
Ҷ쿴һĻ͵͵ϵʿ½ǵ˻ֲʦԼӱʮأܹһУϼһõ¯డ
⡭ʿ°ϵ¶Ϊѵɫ
ˣʲô£һȥ컹𣿡ϴ˿̾ˮˣץס˸һ㣬֡
⡭
ϵʿһ£˵ʿɽϵʧޣҹǽʦλ𻵵ˣҪȥʩȥһ£ҪȻʦү
ˣԭ°ϵʩҶ죬Ҫסһ죬һҴʩȥɵô
ϵʿĻϴʱؿڣ󣬳ǮϵµۣŶ°
ǺðɣҪլӵɷ֮ȥϵͶһ졭
ϴʢϵʿȻǴҶֻصլ


006 
ˣСʦûԷɣԶʲôɿڵ𣿡
صºϴҶʵʱ£Ҳûʲôθڣҵ˸ԴϴȴǸеЩˡ
ɽҰ֮ˣʲôС
ϵʿڳһƵĸ󣬲ߵҶϼһӴһ󡰹Ľ
үȻ˲ٶ˼Сʱ·ҲǶǰˣҪά˵ӵݣҶ㶼źڰƬǰͷùˡ
ũ壬ϲ»϶ڼٰ죬ոշɥ룬ֳɵķˣʱϴϱͰѷö
˲İլɷϴҴҰһ׷ͳȥϵʩˡ
ϴ߳䣬ԭԵ˹˹ĵʦͽӶӵˣһץ˸ưĽһӺòϰɨһգϴϱʰʱ򣬿Ҷ˵Щֵֹˡ
ʦֲЩ·̯߰ˣƭƭôװ
Ա֮ҶСӣȻϰʱʱĻ׽ЩϺĲȣƽʱǳԲġ
Сӣû͸ɽѧء
ϵûصҶһۣ˵ͷȥǱ߱м顶˾Щɷ֮˰ɡ
˾ɷ֮ǵطΪڵסµ𣿡
ҶʦĻ󣬲һ£ѲЩɷ֮ϴܵתģ
ϵʿҡҡͷ˵˭õµģ˵ԹģҪȻһ֮䵽ͱɢˡ
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ҶǸ󵨣߰ʱ򣬾͸һȥϷسȥ׽Уⷬ󣬲ûио£˷
ϵʿƲƲ죬һм˵иƨĹϵҵʬɽѪﶼ߹ҲûһӰӡ
Ԫһٶ꣬ʶν㣬רȥʦ͵գѧһץı£һֱûĻᣬͲֻǰء
ûйĻԹβأҶ첻ʵǰ治֪ʦǸᶨ߰
Сӣ㻹ǽִѧأ㳤ʶɡ
Ҷʻϵһۣ˵ÿѧĽͣǿԳ֮Ϊųأ˵Ե粨йϵģܶ˼˼ȥĳĳʱǿԸıֲĴųǿġ÷ҵĵǾ֮ͨͽҲǿԲƵĴųģСӣûУ
ˣʦȷǰ˽ӣ
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ϵʿбƲҶһ£˵ʦڱѧ˼СӶҵĿΡ
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ֻϵʱȥͼҡƱͼԭģѰδ֮ʹȥ˱ְҰһ߽ȥˡ
ѧӦúͷˮеϵɣ˼˭
ҶԴϵһٶ󣬶ԷϵĹҲ˺棬ϼһȴǲǰʹԼ£ֻʱʱð
СӲ⽨ͷˮߣѲ˹ϵģ˼ɣҺ˵Щﰡ
ϵҶ˼ͲͷˣҶ˼ӵĻСֻ׷˭ˣĻԼӡĹ¶Ҫˡ
˵Ͳ˵ˣʦС˾Ŀɷ𣿡
ʦû˵ȥҶҲû׷ʣȴǽ˼ּġ
Ȼ˾ĹЧڷ̵ġվһհˣʦϢ¡
ƺ˵£ϵе㲻̫ߣٺãҲǰˣ½ͷαС
Ҷ״˳ȥؽŹȻʱһһϼһؽţҶĶ˻Ƿǳĺ;صġ
СʦأǷӵ˿ɶҺˡҶոߵԺϴ˳ƿԺš
ϴĴɤţҶæʳָߣһ˵ʦЩˣϢ磬ò˰ɣȻоһȥɷ֮ˡ
ϴһ£ЩɵʵСʦ㡭𣿡
˵ͷĸҵ඼ʮҪģ˿ϲҽ뼼ԱҲָҪ˼ǯҶССͣҲϴĴǡ
磬Ժɷ֮γʱ䲻ãģʦ
ҶȻȥϿһʬӰһʱĴ𣬺ŬͦͦСظ˵׼һŷƷȻþŸľ
СʦƷð죬⡭ľǸİȻҶ˵ͷͷǵϴǲôţһֱŷŵݡ
ҶСۿɲ٣ҲϴôԸ˵ᦰ׸ˣȻͿɷյ࣬ҪʦϢˣ
СʦľˣȥҶ
ϴҶĻ󣬶˶ţҪȥɵۣ˵ʿܲ˵۹ذһɵĻ˻ҪֵģԼŵСһ
ƷֳɵģµطľҲңʱϴͰҶҪĶѾ˵λϡ
ԼԺţȴǱϴعסˣͷ⽨ţŪûᱻץɳġ
һ˵֪ʮĺ£ǴȥñЦ
Ҷ챾Ǹѵӣ˿ӣʱ񫣬Ÿľ˲ɷ֮أȻǰ޲źҪиľǾ͸ˡ
ڡ˾ûЧҶûϣóȥˣطɷȻͻȥġ
ѧ֮ʿ֮ʮħɥۣˬöȴ
Ӱ֮Ҷģıˡ˾ȻһõС˵ģǿһԵϴ󣬶Ҷ˼ġ
Уٳ꣬Եʬ֮𣬲÷Σţֳˡ
Ҷ챳еһʱ΢΢оһ˿ѣǰƴСǣͻȻֳˡ
Ҷһ̶˿оͣעȴŵ˹֮ϣ̣ʦЩһ
֮£ҶǿˣϵЩ·ʵһ׭ӦǴλãȴһ̫ͼ


007 
⡭ôȥİ
ӤƴСĹԺеתţҶе㲻֪룬޷̣֪ôˡ
ڹԿ̵壬Ȼ׭飬ʵ̫СҶԲ۾ȴҲ޷ֱһ
ȻоҶлĬš˾ڴʱȻоһæעӹǴƿˡ
ô
ҶĿŵƬɷۼĵط󣬺Ȼ֣ڹǰһɷ֮ȻƮ˹˿˿û뵽ڡ
ϵСү⡭˾ɲҪԼİ
ҶһǷͬСɣôû뵽Լ˾ȻɷԼϡ
Ҫ֪ɷ֮γɣĻɵģֻһʵʵĴųһ˵ֻͨųǿıȥӰˣȴ޷뵽˵
Ǵ˿̣ɷ֮ȴ뵽ҶڣΪֻˣ޹񣬲ѧ˵ҲǼٵģô壬϶ʧġ
ȻʱյͷҶĸоȴѩӣٱ紵Ϯһ㣬ǹӺ䣬ֱ͸뵽ȥˡ
ϵ˰
ҶᣬվܶɣΪСӼҪסˣؿһɷ֮ȫӿ뵽Լ档
ҶΪԸСʱԺгֵĹǣȻתǸ޵׶һ㣬ڵɷ֮ȫ˽ȥ
ף֣һ㰡
ڵ䣬ҶЩĪһжΪתƣɷ֮ʧ֮Ҷ췢֣ǡǡϵ׭֣мѾɼˡ
أ
ҶԺУǳԲ֮⣬һ˿֮ˣΪڹǵλãˡءô׭֡
ֵΧɻγʮ΢Сһ׭ֱ֣ǡߡߡռΡ񼪡
ôЩ
Ժеı仯ҶУϵѧ˺ü֪ʶȻ֪ءĺˡ
νҲɳΪǹŴеҪݣеƻۣƲȻᡢµļףסоһ֧ɡ
ڡء֣ܻ㣬СءСءСءءǻ㼯ѧۺ֮󼯣ڹŴռ˼Ҫλ
ԺѧѧĹռλѧ˵Ϊŵһ֣ʼ䣬൱ǳе伮Ѿѵһ
Ҷ;ϵ̾˽ǧڵѧʶûѧᣬȴ⣬ѧϰʲӢʲôģֱǼһɽƫƫҪȥõġ
ѵҿùеЩ֪ʶŹϵЩ֣Ҷðһ뷨
ڲߡߡռΡ񼪣Ԥ⼪׵ķЩ۽һҶ측ˡ
ֻЩ۵ĳ֣ȴûӦõķǹҧ޴¿һ㣬Ҷֱ
ַֻһȥвС
ɷˣҶ˿Ҳ˲ӽ˾ˣעϡߡۿȥ
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ɵ׭֮⣬ҶûбķˣвЩʧĪԼĲ²ˣ֮ǰԺгϵƽôһأ
ף⼸ֵɫе㲻ͬ
Ҷšߡоİ֮󣬺Ȼע⵽ʮ֣УĸɫǻҰɫģߺ֣΢΢Щ
ĪǹۿйֲУ
Ҷжһ£עŵˡߡϣոսʶעеʱ򣬡ߡͻȻɢˣ˿˿뵽Ҷ۾֮С
ֻоһҶǰʱǰľƺԭЩ֮ͬ䣬˼ɫʡ
ǰС¥ҶɢһɵĽɫٿķӣǻһƬ޹ʡ
ڷӵĺ棬ȴйɷ֮ѾӰ쵽լӣɫ֯һԵΪ졣
򱱿ţˮã𷽿ߴ󣬼֮ףˮǣɷ
Ҷ۲ղ֮ͬʱԺͻȻ漸̶֣ĸоȥЩҲʧˡ
Ȼһ˫ˮۣ˹ǵӦ֮Ҷ˵Ц
СڳһĻо²ͬǴͽӴˮ֪ʶҶ죬ȴ˷ܣǵõԼҪһ㡣
ٺ٣ҲģʱҾͲǾܰ˿˰
ҶٺЦһֻԺûĹֲ֪ȥˣ޷֤ˣҶţֻҪǻڣԼܽܽ
ȻܣҶû߱ˣСҲ֪ԼҪǽСǡһ¸˵ȥ²˵Ƿ⽨ţҲᱻΪǸСġ
СˣСɣ㡭ô
ҶԼ磬ɵЦʱ򣬶ͻȻϴ
磬û¡
ҶعͷȥϴվԼһ׶ԶĵطԼļ򣬲Ц磬ɷ֮ѾˣҸո㿴լӣˮȴǼõģպǧҪĸĶˣӺŵˮҪȻǻл·ġ
ҶĲ룬ղϴլĽɫӦþǴ˲˸󣬶ŵˮȴƻլӵķˮ϶¼ķ
ллСˣллллСɣȥˮȥ
Ҷعͷϴջ֣һмɫûӵĸлҶЩ˼ˣ磬ҡ˵㶼ţ
ϴص˵ͷ˵ţôŰС˸ղһɭɭĸоû˰
ϴԭûҶ챧ϣǾҶղװŪʱǹеϢͻȻʧˡ
׻˵ʵʤ۱磬ⲻб£СҲǳֲ˿ϴҶʦͽֱǸɽֹͶء
ƨķɷȥˣȻûˡ
ϴĻҶﰵһ䣬˵ȻǺõģҲŪԺǹǵãɷǻᣬǽҶŵòᡣ
Լһ»ûϴҲû˼Сɽ̻ˣάҶ켸֮󣬿˵СˣϢ£ȥ
ϴǺܻ˵ģٳŵʱ򣬽ԼϱȥϸҶ˲СӳԵĺСɲǻС
ʦҰҶջصͷϵһֵֺԼ


008 ˶
Сӣ˾ȻԻɷҲûô찡ôģ
ϵղСʱͻȻоԪƺЩ仯۾󣬾ͷԺеɷȻȫʧˣһǷͬСɡ
Ҫ֪мӳֵˣϵĴųرǿңˣΧųӰҲرԣϵɷԱһĸɮ¶Ҫǿࡣ
ҶֻǸëӰӴż깦򣿾Ȼ̶̵ʱھͽɷһգϵԼ޷İ
ϵʿĻҶҧһɩǺ«ﺬ˵֪ʦ⡶˾ͦõѽ
ҶǴˣ¶˭˵˵ϵţ˵׺ͬѧǿ϶ᱻΪ񾭲ġ
֣֡
ҶҲ˵Ȼϵº룬¶飬ִǰͬˣƼʢܶ鶼ƶˣϵҲ޿κΡ
ҶСӣһ̲סվ˵ٺ٣ʦȥϼˣϳԷʱٻ
é´ҶסĴмʮ·ʹǷڣҲѵһΣǳ˱˵Ҷܵȥˡ
ϵʿ˰֣˵ȥɣסŻʱҲطˡ
õʦҶ컶ϲص˳ȥٳŵʱɩŹũɰҶĲðˡ
Ҫ֪ͷũ弴ʹǷڴ˸ѹǮʱҲһոƱӣ˭ҽСǷǮһҲһ顣
ʱ˰ҷеʱ仹жֵ꣬ʮǮѾֵˡ
ŹũҶԣǼֱһ֣ϰô󡱵Ʊ֮⣬ԸǴδġ

һũļУʱ֣չ磬˻ǲٵģҶҲǰʹؼ˽ȥ
٣ˣġ
СҶ켷Ⱥ棬ȴǸͷֻӣڳм߽Ŀ
λףǮǮûǮ˳Ϻллˡ
һӷ˼ͷͷһ֣ǺӶʱֻצ˸´ɸӣΧȺҪǮ
ǮһֵģûǮǽȥҶšũ˰컹˳
ϵʿ̵߽иԵѴܰҶȻʮǮҲ˼׿˵ĽĿˡ
⼯ҲһˣϷģˣﴦҶһؿʯִĳӿ
ڼһȦѾĵˣҶʱһ˵̯Ӵվסˡ
̯λʵһӣһͷһܵĳ񣬹һԲοľԲһС̿¯¯һףмϡ
ľܷΪ㣬ÿ㶼кܶСףѾ˵ˡ
ССȡһϡմʯ۵꣬ȻһΣݺѸٷͿлʯ۵ľģڣһҪ˾ʹˡ
ܵĺӾ۰Ͱ͵ؿţǮҪûǮҲǸɿŲԸȥ
ⶫҲܹһëǮͿ԰ԼҪһҶվ˰죬ʮǮǾת뿪
Ҫ֪ҶĸΪûз֪࣬ȢֲǱŮӣûеĿ֡
ȻҶƽ˫֣繤ľҲɵȥҾߣһҲ׬һʮǮ
ȻҶƽЩӳԣܵ˵ĺƶҶǮûؼҸ׵ġ
ҶոתȥͻȻҶ죬٣㰡ô
Ҷѭȥ̯ӵһߣһС˷ܵĳ֣ϵĵӱɷۡ
С
ˣҶϲ¶˿ЦԽǶʲôԽʲôԹСıԣؿѧԺ󣬻ԼµУ֪ɣ
Ҳ㲻ˣСѾߣָǱߵһ˵Ҷ죬ҾүģҴϼ
ҶѧУʱ͹СȻϵҲûô֪СԸ԰ڵģ´˸˵ͦãСĵӱƯ
ǵȻҾүģȫУһ顭СҶĻСظ̧ͦͦǰװģؿʱ䡣
ҶѧУǸȻƤѧϰɼǵһҶǰ԰ڣСȻŹˡ
С˭
ղűСָŵˣһСʿ˵к棬ҲתƵ̯ӵߡ
үͬѧҶ졭λү˵С˼֡
Ŷͬѧô˵ʿ
Щ棬ʱ򣬲ʮ༸ͣҲ˼꣬ʮȥˣڻ󣬶Լ飬оС
Ҳ֪
СͷҶ죬ʵҶ죬ô簡ȥɽʿˣ
Ҳûʿأʦɽһ۵֣ʦɽ㡭ҶԸСһ£ɲȵѧȤǶûѽ
éɽ۱ձһѻˣ뿪½ʱոտʼؽҪʱȥˡ
ҶĻ̾˿üЩ֮ЦԼСǷʲôпָ̯λ˵Сȥø˸ͬѧ
ллүүҲҪ
ȻҾôǸʦǸϽҶС̰С˳ԴĵԼĶҪûиͶ׵ıˣҲռġ
Űɣӣүүɲܰ׺үүġЦһյˣݸҶ졣
յһף˺ÿһ룬յĶкܶǽ
˵ʱ򣬿ӵƨһСףϡȻýţϡһԵСϲģҲģһҪëǮء
ͬѧǰ԰һ£СҲǺܵ⣬Ҷ첻סƴǣ˵Ҷ죬ү㣬Űɡ
ҶʵҲϲˣһ֮˵ðɣߴͣҴǣллүү
ǺǣСͬѧò
ҶĻЦЦҲû⣬ֻһˣ˵ǮȻվԱ߽ζؿСˣտֻйڲżõġ
ҪҰɡ
Ҷ컹ǲϰ߰ñ˵Ķһ֮۾ˣĬǣǣ
û취ԺеǸûҶҲ֪ô߶˰조ǡȴ˿
أ޿κ֮£ҶȻǹе֣Ĭһ


009 껵
٣ʹ
ҶĬءֺ۾͵ΪǸصĹǣԺгˡ
ҶеЩΪ֮ǰʼղ֪Ӧܽ׵Ļպһܽ⿪֮ա
ţôȥˣ
Ҷѹסе˷ܣעŵ˹ϣһʱһЩͬ
ϴ󿴷ˮʱҶļǵãڲߡߡռΡʮʵУߡۣ͡ŵġ
ڡߡһȴǻɵģֻС΢΢ЩΧԵĲͬ
Ҷ죬ôҾүƯ
үյȸҶ֮󣬹СһֱڶҶ쿴ҶϿ˷ܺͼҲһԼССġ
Ҷӹ֮ȴùСЩ˵ҪһҶеˡ
׻˵˵ĺ統ңȻͲ󣬵ҶԹСǵ뷨ȴһЦ˵ŶǺƯСҪȸɣ
С֣͵ۿ¾үС˵ǲУүģŰɣҪȻһᱻġ
Ǻãлл㰡СǸҲˡ
ҶҲûڴһ֮󣬽Ŀ⿴Сľүȴǽעˡϡ
Ҷ쿴˵ʱϵġͻȻֽ⿪ǶɢˣγһصķţҶۻҡ
֮ǰϵľҶҲûżֻо΢΢һѣΣ̶̵ļӹ󣬼۳ҶԺ
껵£1933ˣ1949ǰ̨壬1959Ǩ˴η磬뽫ĸᣬĸ֮زѰպ󼴽
İ
Ժе⼸֣ҶЦȻ˵Ĳϸ㹻˽껵µƽˡ
ҪǣξȻ껵·̽׵ĿģҲ˵һ̣˵Ĺͬռ˵δ
ܲܰһ°ܷĸںεأ
ǼѾȥˣҶͻȻ뵽⣬ʹԼ껵»عĿģﲻǰ˱˵˰
ͷٲ·
Ҷ׷ʵʱǼѾȫʧˣҶעתƵĵڣһС֣ȴͻȻԺ˳
ʲô˼ĸͷô˵ûͷûβģ⼸Ѹʧ֣Ҷüͷ
˵ѰѨ飬Ҫ˵ֵֺģԼֻһ£Ǿ͸ô𰸣ҶҲ֪Ǽˡ
أҳ
ҶЩģ߶һ䣬ǹǵǸٻˣۣѾȫ˻ɵɫҲ޷㿪ˣҶҲЩ޿κΡ
أͯ޼ɣŲˡ
Ҷһ䣬˵ԺԺ󣬲Ǹϵ໹Ǹϴ󿴷ˮƺûֹ
Ҷǲֱ˵ģ˲ţǲں⻪ǰһ֮Ҷ͵͵һСӡ
Ҷ죬ﰡҵ˾ҪˡСҶΪǲ۾ֱȺ飬Լ˱˸ˡ
ˣү˳Բ
Ҷ첻ɫĹάСһѣ˵Сүλʲôɣ
ûʲô°ǻǣˣүǼҺöණأ㣬Ҽ̨ӻҴΨһһҶ죬пȥҼҿӰϺ̲ɺÿˣǿ˧ˡ
СûҶʵĻ߰˵һֱͨȻǿǹģѾ˵˶˲ˡ
ҶСƣ޲ھԼȥҿӣæ˵ȿȣСпһȥˣҪˣҸү˵ټ
ھ߰ǺðɣһҪ;үȥתתŻȥء
û԰ڵĶ󣬹СеȻζȿѧһҪѹϵõͬѧ￴ȥ
ˣСټ
ҶԹС˰֣֮ʱȻյߣС˵СүҪҵĶڴͷٲ
Ҷ첻˵ʵҲ֪껵µĸ׾ںδôҲԼûñ˵˶ˡ
ҾүҪʲôʲôͷٲ
СҶС強ԶȺĪҡҡͷתȥȴ־ү˶վԼǰ
Сͬѧˣ
ⴵ˵գ껵¾͸оԼ˼ûҪ֪СʱҲЩһ۰Ͱ͵Ҫһ˶
ҶˣүҸ˵ټ
СӹˣߵˣЩֵʵүؼҶ𣿡
ţСôôү
껵һ£Сİ赹֪ԼĿģСȴǲ֪ûҪС˵ġ
ͬѧ˵үҪҵĶڴͷٲСͷǰҶʱĻ˵˳
ʲôͬѧ˵ʲô
껵±ֻôһʣȴû뵽ôһ仰ʱһץס˹С
ү˵ҪҵĶڴͷٲû˵ʲô
һľүͨ죬˫ĿԲɵӣŵùССһȴҪ޳ˡ
ͷٲͷٲ
껵߶˼䣬תȥ˵Сߣؼҡ
ʱ껵£Ƿˣû˼ȥҶΪλ˵Ļǽȫڡͷٲ⼸ˡ
껵µĸ׽ǰǹһԱϾ껵µĸȴ¾סʮԺ껵¾͸ŸϾѧˡ
һľǻᣬ񵳱ɽƽ껵µĸûüӽϣʹŶԶ̨ˣһߣ
̨껵µĸײŷ֣ϰӿôһ֮أཫס˾
ν壬Ϊ˰űй½ʡǨ̨Ĺ񵳾˽ķᣬͰȴ½ʱҪöˡ
껵µĸǸ˲ţͨüԣھסʮ֮ŶȥҿԼĹ˾
Ҳǰ꣬껵µĸײǰӣһҪĹǻҴعڣӰһ껵µĻع֮С
ֻǻ֮껵²֪ĸʮھȥˡ
ǳϯй˶УܶкϵļͥأҲ˺ƽ٣ԼʹǼеϱˣʱҲ˵껵ĸ׾İصˡ
ʹ껵ЩĻ䣬ԭѾ׼ˣȴû뵽ͻȻõôһϢ


010 
׻˵ͶҽԭѾ˵飬ȴֱҶһ仰һȦҶδ껵´ֶҴҸϻشȥˡ
ʼٸҶ죬ȴյһᣬɫϴȥ
Ӻ洫ķҶûнԺӣǹ˸˺ˮ
ϺӶ࣬ϴ˴˸ˮ˲Զĺ˶ʮС֮⣬мšͻͻ
ϴæҵָţҶЦ˵٣磬ɹİ
ռСĳ̶һʱ䣬ѾĲˣⲻʲôͷֻҪǮܹǺðµġ
С˰ˮĳɲɣ
Ҷ߹ϴæʵֻϴһˣҶ˶С̣˿ȥδЩЦ
ϴСһ˭ɽСĵʿ𣿡
Աһںˮİ﹤ʵȻ׵ģԴϴ󷢲ƺ󣬺û˭ô˵ɣ
⡭ǣ˵ôоƺȾͳˡ
ϴҲ֪νͣҪʵʵ˵ɳ˾ҪԼˣⲻǰ⽨
Ǯ˾Ӵ֣ϴĻҲû㬵ŰȥɻˣϴֿҶ죬¹
УֻҪϾͺá
Ҷ˵ͷȴмַܣٰϴ󿴿ǹǸͲָˣеɫûҰ
ҶĻϴߺټӰѾˣԷ
ڰʮҶʱ򣬱˵ũˣǳҲҵĹ̹˾
һʲôЩ֣˸Ƿ֮⣬飬Ҳ˵ʲôǮȶپҲͰˡ
٣磬оûа
С˵ģϴͣûû𣿡
ޣȶСϱϴҪȥ˯ȥ
һȥӰǹȸϡ
ˣҶ㣬һ㣬ǾͺȾƳȥ
ϴ䣬˾Цɻ˶׵ģϴĻ໥Ц
ϴǿԺѾ˵ƣԲҲ˾Ʋˣʮ׳ĺӸߺľͺ
ҶҲϴ˰뱭ƣֻ뱭¶֮ҶƮƮ֪Ȼˡ

ڶһ磬ϴſ˼ľ͸ǷӵˣҶϵ𴲺éɽʻȥ
;Ȼ·ԼңҶ컹ûһȥ˭֪ϰûУ͵Ůϴ裬ũǴˣåʹСҲⲻһġ
ɣð
Сʱһ˵۴ϴЩ׳Ӷ۵ҶϵһһСȥû١
ǺǣʿҪ¼ҵסһʱ䣬Ҳõġ
ϵЦȴҲû˵֪ԼѾһٶˣָųʲôء
Ǻǣµɰ
ϴ˵⻰ʱȷмĽϵռݵɽȻԣ羰ѡ
ǰһƬ֣һСٲļٲˮƣɾһ㣬˾ˬ
ڵǰ΢Ϣһ£ЩǾͿʼæµǰǰϸļһ
˰Сʱһǹͷ˹ӶͳһͰ͵̣Сĵسһ֧ݸϴ˵ϰ壬̫׻ҲҪ̿ɲС
һ˵ֻи·ӵʱ򣬲ŻϴҪĻ͵ƵؽˣǼǮɿǲһġ
⣬˵۰ɡ
ϴֻеĸ˲Żסôط飬ѰϵɿˣʹٶǮҲĸԸ
ָ˵Ҫǧ飡
һ᷿ÿ䷿ر󣬸ѶȲɽ˼ҵĴ߷ףǧǮҲ
ɣǧǧ£ɡ
ʮǧǮڳһϰƽ׵ĶŶԺˣԼʹϴԪҲ˰죬һҧӦ
ȷ˼ǮԲ˵ǶæҶǴϴɽȥʮ˸ɻҪҸİɣ׻˵ˮҶҲֻӲͷƤɽˡ

Сӣһû¡
Ӹ߳ţӭҶ죬ʱһ֮Ա˳ӣȲ֣ҪһƢ˲Ǻʹ˻Сϲ档
壬ҸأʦɽҪ޵ۣöȥæɣһǮأ׬ұȥ
ҶأӾֱӼң͵ϱϴ£ֻҪӲ£ϰδؼûԼ
ֻ㶣ֲɵÿеû£һ׬ǮĺµȻŹˣҶתҪߣæһסҶ죬˵𰡣СҶӣ˭˵ȥˣ
ǳɣ壬̸ɣȻؼඡ
Ҷɽʱ͸ϴ˵ˣԼܹܽĵʿҾס
ϴҲ棬кϱһǲɵģҪЩӱЩɽġ

֣ء
ƿԼҵԺţҶСԴ濴һۣû뵽úԺӴ˸ֻۣ߽Ժӡ
Сӣȥʦˣ
ҶһײĴ磬ҶƽҲǿЦãСҲû⺢ӣǲЧԽԽƤʵ
ţʦɽ޵ȥˡ
ϰûҶ쵨ӶʱױƵĴӶͳѱˮʪ˵ġũ˵֣ʦ˿˷ˮǱ˸ҵǮŰɡ
Ҷ֪ϰͬԼʦѧѧȴԼȥѧЩ֮߰Ķû˵ǮԼ׬ġ
⺢ӣ˸ģŰɣһˡ˶£ҶƽӲЩᡣ
ͱ˼ҵСҶһˣ⺢ӴûԼҪһǮҲûнйһ࣬ôΪĹʮꡣ
ССѧͻȥɣرܵõĽ
ŶӣҶƽһԼһѾˣǻر峵ƴҲٵ˺ӡ
֣ôˣϰɫÿҶĵʵ
û¡ӵĻҶƽջ˼
ˣҿ԰ϰֿడ˵ҽǰ顭
ҶͻȻðôͷ뷨֮Ҳ޷ȥˣΪҶʼиţûмԼ衣
ȻӴ˿е֪賤úƯҶû˵ҲҶһĲ


011 ҽ
ҶȻӣȴʮֵТ˳ʱ׷ʹһ飬Ҷƽü춼Ʋ־֮󣬾Ҳûڸǰ¶
ƺáǡ׵£Ҷ첻ɶģ˭ҲϣԸʯͷĳİɣ
أ
뵽ҶҲ̲סˣĬһءǶʱسԺ
ϴһʱҶͷˣձûɵġߡ͡⼸ۣɢĹ
ҶԼоãÿƺƵģһ·϶ǿţҲûҺҸʹãȴó

ҶĬһϤı仯ˣƴСĹڵתһȦ֮󣬷ֽߣ
ף׵಻Ӧũѽ
˵ʵȻϵѧ˺üķˮ֪ʶҶȴǲôŵģǰû︸׿࣬濴һ£ʱЩȻ
Ҷƽ߹üüëŨǣɽ¡𣬱ͦڲأڰ׷ⶼǴ󼪸֮ûڹô
ûҶ࿴ԺеĹǺȻ˱仯һۣҶУҶƽˣ˼ͥӣһãһ߶ҵڻѧеϵͬӦأΪĺ٣·ŵս̳
ԭǱ˰ǡôôûĸ׵Ϣأ
ֵϢֻҶƽƽܣȴûκιĸ׵ۣҶʧѡ
ʲôѧҶȫûзϣһڻѧûкôҲָһ³ĺӣô˽ڵѧ
Ժеȥ˹ǵӣҶЩģٴνȫ񶼹뵽ˡϡ
ԵҶͬʱĬϣصġǡܸĸ׵Ϣ
Ҷ룬ԺеĹֻһصķţҶ۾ȴŽʱͻȻоˡһƺһ춥ϡ
ͻı仯ҶͷѣǱһ㣬ԭվŵ壬Ҳһͷǰȥ
ҶˤķҶƽŵĵطҪȻһͷˤʯذϣⲻͷѪĽ
С죬⡭ôˣ
ڶϵıʣҶƽһҶͻСӣҶƽЩ꾭˲ٷˣһʱҲ޴롣
˿ô£ҡ
Ҷڵ¶ͷϵ˿ڣҶƽʶΪҶε˿ڵµģڲڲƽʱҶôŵܵɽˡ
˺ðΣҶƽŻعҶ챧ԼҴӺɽȥСϵĳҽҶƽǸҶʦ

еҶ죬·ڴ֮УԼһҶۣϺ£ͷϱ裬֮
ϲ²ŵصʱҶȻоһʹһˮϣ˸սǰʧһա
ʦôˣҪɽϿ𣿡Ҷ۾һ˾ȻϵΪԸۡ
ҡô˰Ҷ̧۾ȴֻʹޱȣֵ̧ûˡ
СӣҶ
ϵֹҶĶ۾ǲɫڰССͣôԪ
Ԫ죬У쾫ԳԻ׳򿵡˥ɢҽĽǶ仰Ԫ򽡿ԪԪľ
ҶССͣԼһĵ˵ԪӦñһĳ˶ҪԣһԪ˵ӣϵǰ˼⡣
СҶӣؼҺʲôˣϵһ֮󣬿Ҷ죬𰸻ҪҶȥҡ
ҶʦĻС˵ҡûʲô͡ǰ︸׿࡭
ϵѧĵҽҶȻ֪Ԫã³йû˵֮⣬ȫʵˡ
࣬㿴ʲôˣϵɫ
ҡ
Ҷͷһ۸ף˵ҰǱˣϹѧǶӣһùá
СС죬˭˭˵Щ
Ҷ컰δ䣬ͱһ㵵ҶƽϵˣΪˣֻһӰȵСɽȴûжκ˽Լǰ顣
ҶƽԶ˵ֻǰЩҶ컹СҶ쵽ܶ˼ʱٰԼļ߶ӡ
Щ飬ͻȻӸ˵˳ҶƽһǷͬСɡ
Ҳ֪׼׼ϰֵĻҶֹһ䡣
ϵôһҶƽɫȫˣû˵׼׼ܳӣ
ϵĻҶƽҲ˲׷ҶЩǴӺε֪ˣǽŵؿϵʵ壬⡭⵽ô°СҪҪ
ϵ뷢ףȥ߰ʮˣƤʮ꣬ҶƽһֱƣȻϵһ˵֮Աǵġ
ǸŰ
ҶⷬϵʱҶ飬һĲ֮࣬һ˿į
Ҫ֪Ԫ⣬һڼڷˮϣھܳҡ
ǺҶȣʱоԼһ䶼ȥˣʲôţʲô츳ǰλǡ
ȣ˵壬ʲôŲŵİҶû¡ϵǰԲҶƽòˡ
ҶƽӣϵЦŰ˰֣˵ֶӣ𼱣Ҷûµġ
ʲô߰ĳƺҰӶСˡ
ǰ֪ʦ䵹Ҳˣ֪ˣٿϵװۣҶﲻһ񺮣⻰Ҷɲ˵ҲԼʵʦҾǰ˵Ѫ˵Ԫɣ
֪ƨҽεĵ㶮ϵû
νҽΣҽһĵĹأΪԼϣϹײ಻ҪĹǺǻʶͻӰ͹۵ķ˼άӶ׵Ρ
лиʣҽ⸸˺˼ҩãһΪҩͽܰץҩ
ĵӿҩ󣬸оһζо綾ҩµˣԼ˼֣û봾ĸ׳֮ãº֪Եɣ˵ҽ仰
֪ʦ˵ġҶ֪ҶƽҲףǶ˶֪ҶĲʲôϵ
Ҷүһ¶ӣϵ̾˿˵ռҲˣƲֻҸԼϼףȴϸ飬̲סǴ


012 Ԫ
Ǵʦҡûʲô¶
ϵĻҶ첻һľԺĹΣƽ֮ĿõĵӦ֣ʲô°ɣ
Ҷʦ˵ԼһͿмλʦ˶Ӹλ֮С
֪ǷΪй©ԭ⼸λʦڷԺһҲ˸أ˲Ϊ٣װ
ʱҶЩʱ򣬲Ǻ⣬ȴеëȻɫɷף׻в⣬ԼѵԹ
壬˵ѧ֪ʶԨôҲЩʦĲôŻӰ
Ҷ෴ҶƽȴϵĻ֮Աǣʲô֮˵ӿˮΪ⽨š
˵ϵסصư˹ǰҶƽһ֪ɽľͣǿϵĹͲҶΪʦ
СҶӣȻѧģҾÿѧ
ϵһСҶӣҶ츸ɫͬʱ¶Цϲ޺˳ڣҶ컹ҶƽﶼСҶӡ
СҶӣνĿѧǾ֮Ȼų⣬໥ܺ͵ڽӣﶼǣǲǣ
ҶеϵĻҶƽȴǵ˵ͷĻʾϿɣϵ˵Ĺ۵ѧ߼ѧǳġ
Ҷƽͷϵ˵õҽΪһֱΪмĲߡߡЩҲˣΪܽҽͲܽأ
ǲһҽʵʵڵģǾˮ½ƭѣܻΪһ̸
ҶƽҡҡͷǼּıһ˵ۣɲһ׵飬ҶƽܹߵȽġ
ϵЦһƵ˵Сͽղ˵ģݺڣ
⡭⡭ҶƽϵʵĿɿڴȷ޷ͶӸղŶԼ˵Ƿвɶҡ
СҶӣڼﶼĹڣֹɣͿг֮¡Ϊ˷γЩֻΪܵõʵ۵ʶδ̫һ֮˰ɣм׹𣬵˴ԣݡͼ顷ܽġ׾ռʹˣһֱ߹˵ѾΪһĻѵ˵ѧ𣿡
ϵڶʮʱ򣬾ⷬٵʱνĻ꣬˵ȻҶƽ޿ɱ硣
ǡСô£ѵҿ࣬ͻǴ֪ʶѧã
Ҷƽ˵ϵͽҶϣϵҶ֮
СҶӣԭжģνǴ߿תҺӸԤʹ֮·ɡ
ϵ˵̾˿ĿЩӵؿҶ죬˵⺢ܹ֪ģڹŴɾͿ²Ԭִֻ֮ң츳Ҳ֪ǻǸˡ
ϸ磬ǡô죿С첻ʲô°ɣ
ϵĻҶƽҲ˲۱ˣʲôƼ⽨ţȲöӵİΣҪ
ǰʦڶˣܰ
ϵҶҲǿؿϵСðնûʵʵڴϣǱɱܡ
Сӣ֪
ϵûصҶһۣҶƽ˵仹СԺֻµĸɱԪˡ
ããھȥɱҶƽͷͳȥץˡ
Ҷƽȥϵѹ˵СҶӣܶ˵Ļʦĵй̱Ԫ֮Ч˼ңδؾͲ
һĵǺ䴫ķˮศɵģֻϵȻ¯࣬ȴʧ࣬ҲͽκΡ
ˮͱ˷⽨ѧϵЩʦˮǣʮپŸƭӣаҲһƿײƿӴ׻εĻɫ
ҵԱݬ룬һϵеÿ£ϵѸߣȴҲˡ
¼ӾȻΪңϵɹƻҶ켸䣬˵պӾΪء
ϵĻҶСЦ˵ʦҶˣ𣿡
˵ʵҶղиͷǾҲٻǡˣȻԤ⼪˳̣δ̫˵ɣ
ʲôСҶӿ࣬ΪϵŻܷɵģԺԼռͲ⼪׺ˣĲҪ࿴
ϵһ£˵ǰ̤еܶ鶼û˵ҪһˣСҶӣ֪ΪЩģҪ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ֪֣ݳȱ׼ȷĻ˳̰
Ҷ˵ģ֪ʶЩ·ߵġʦҲ֪һģҪǲ֣Ǳ˶ġ
СҶӣֻ˵һ滹һԭǾǡȫߡȫʱˣһǲġ
ʦΪʲô
Ҷ쵹֪ʲôаȫȫʱΪÿһַָ֧ǡ֡ˡ
ġġɡ֧ɣͽȫ֮ǡȫ
ʱˣʱ򣬾пʹı䣬оʹļɻ䣬ԼסĽ飬ҲҪ׸
ʦҼסˡҶ컹ûϵôصĺ˵ĽЩ
Դϵһٶ֮ҶʦҲ࿴ȻǲԼǰʼΪʦƭӵġ
ϵָҶ֮󣬿˵ˣͷ˼ûˣʦһҪǸɻأȻɽˡ
ٳŵʱ򿴼Ҷƽɱϵư죬ԥһỹɽȥһǵ۱޸Ĳǿûʦү

С죬
ڶһ磬Ҷƽո𴲣ͿվԺϱѾǺ࣬ϲ⡣
֣ûˣʦ˵Ҷ˶
Ҷ˵ŻϵĶȴûͣþϵ̵ĵɵҵ̥ģΪͣᡱ
ɽȥ˿ע㣬̫ˡ
ҶƽϧӵͷתصҶʣµļȣһ棬Լȴһڶûóԡ
ʦ˵û⵼ȷԹ̱Ԫá
Ҷû׵ĻΪһ·չʱ򣬻¶оˬ
Ҷйʱ򣬿ظоϵԭ֫ҲԪߣüǿ


013 
һ·Ҷֻоȫ棬ʹȫȻʧˣв棬ԼԺصĹǾǵµۣѲҪ⹦ʹã
ء
뵽˴ҶСٻһǣƴСسԺ֮Ҷʱ֣ߡ͡⼸֣ƺҪһЩ
Ҷ컹ûȷǷΪ淴ɵµģᶢŹǿ˰죬ûóȻ̽˵ȫ̱ζδ̫ˡ
С죬緹ˡҶо᲻ѵʱҶƽ
ˡ׵ĺҶæչעתƿǹҲʧˡ
ũҲûʲôһˬʱҶƽ緹˵Ժȸʢһ뼦һļȡ
֣Ҳȼ
ҶҪԵʱһƳ׵ȴʣϡԼƵܲɣϡﻩء
ȲǱҳˣҳԵ嵭峦θ԰ɡ
Ҷƽ˶һۣůģӳˣ֪ϰˣȳʲôɽ亣ζҪġ
֣ҳˣԶ岻
ŸʮˣȻѾЩ׷ˣҶȦЩ죬ȻƽʱûԼǼԵõģǼõĸԼ
Ҷ֪һǸ˺˿͸ԼȥˣҲûÿӣֱץϵļȣŵ˸׵
С죬ĳԹ˰
ҶƽѼȼлȥģҶǼᶨ飬οЦЦ˵ãТģҳԡ
һӵĶͻȻô£ТģҶƽ˿οʮܵĿѣҲʲôˡ
ˣС죬˵ЩԼ
֮ǰһֱΪҶ嵣ǣ֮ҶƽȻ£ɷ·Ҷѯʵ
Ҷ֪ϰ϶µģڶ˸壬¿˵֣Ȼҿˣ˼ɲôʦһٶ̸꣬ҵ֪ʶҲкµĵڵġ
ҶƽԵ˵ͷ˵ǰǰʶɣռĻǧ꣬ĵС죬Щվ㻹ҪúѧϰҪЩ̫
ҶƽͨͥǸҵͶѧҲν֮ˣֻΪĲۣҶƽ뷵رҲûڶǰ˵Լ£ҶЩͨġ
ڿǷ⽨ŵ˵ҶƽǰҲƣԼ֪٣˵Щ飬ȴĿ˺ܴĸı䡣
֪ˣ֣ʦÿ춼ҪΪĻףһúѧϰġ
ҶƽĻҶֻҪϰǷ⽨ţԺٷʲô飬ͲСˡ
ٷҶƽԵĺܸˣоӳˣھȻܺԼƽȵĽˣǷ뿪סʮС壬ҶƽҲö⡣
ǣ˵Ҷʲôѽڼҵġ
ҶүТʱԺΧǽ洫һ
ףҶ죬ؼѽΪ㻹ɽء
ҶմԺţֶվ˽һ˵һ߳Ҷ켷üŪ۵ģһһģɷǻ
ֶҪҶ죬ץסˣǲûгҶСϷ֮ʱͿʼˡ
ͻˡ
Ҷֶ֪յ˼ļ򣬴յС˵ȥ㣬οǡ
ٺ٣ǸáһгԵģֶЦ˻
ãҶء
ֶյסţںЩͷˣֶƺ󣬹С¶˳
Сô
СҶ¶һ˿ɫѧУʱ͹С࣬໥֮䲢ûȥԷļ֪Լ
СˣҶʱµ⣬ǰһԹԵؽүүãʦãǺãͬѧá
ҶӼϼǸ껵£󣬻żˣоȻҶİںȻŮš
ŵձҶҪСһ£üëϸһ˫˵Ĵ۾ƤѩԺ黨裬ȻСҲܿǸӡ
Ҷ죬Ұ㡭
ҶԼ˼۾ŲһҲ֪ΪʲôϰҶңԼҲ
һ꼶ʱžͺҶͬǻ˹ϵܺãμ߷ѧʱ򣬾СƨƵ׷Ҷ档
ǵ꼶ʱ򣬲֪Ǵһ쿪ʼģϻߣһҹ֮䣬ŮͬѧͱˣҶƤ׽ŪŮͬѧҲ֪˶ٴˡ
С죬ôýһòûС
ղҶ쿪ŵʱҶƽͰԺʯϵ궼ս߳˻棬ѵҶ켸䡣
֣ͬѧʦˡҶ࿪壬ͷһ
ڣôţȵ㣿ľɲɰ
ӵĻҶƽӭںȻ֮⣬мİˣһ£ʵڣ⼸λǣ
ҶҸ£λͳս⼸λͳսͬ־λǹȡҶƽһɻӣںȻڸһ
ںȻҲ֪ЩҶʲôǹСҵѯҶҵĵַںȻЩ棬Դǹġ
ͳսȣҸʲô
ҶƽЩĪòʹȻǽ˽˼ŵӷԺкʵڲ˼ȽƣҾԺɣҶ죬ȥյˮ
ҶƽҶȥˮ껵¸µæվ˵ҶæˣҾеҶһʣǧæ
ŶҶ죬ǲֵƤˣҿ첻Ϸ߰
껵µĻҶƽʱһСӵĵԽԽˣȻͳս˶ˡ
Ҫ֪ʮǰͳսͬ־Ҫȥ˭ңǿ϶ҪùǱϸصñӣǱȥν
ȻǳʷǰĴѾȥʮ꣬ΪˣҶƽЩҶ죬ȴǲЩˡ
ҶƽѵҶ죬껵¶εɫڰ˵ҶҶʵڶԲҶûеƤǸòĺúӣҡǡæ
⻰󣬲Ҷƽ¶ɫǼͳսˣҲǳԾѣ껵ⶼʮˣʲô¡ҪҸëӰæأ


014 
ڽϵʮкڵľ÷չֻڹ㶫ԶһЩͶĹȣزŻǷǳӵġ
ǺҶİںȻһ⼸λͳսͬ־֪ͬ껵µ⣬ֻΪ껵ǰҶסַҵںȻһͬǰҶ
ͳս⼸ˣԭΪ껵Ҷĸ׵ģûȻҪСӰæһʱ䶼Щͷˡ
ֻйСԼүҶĿģ֮ǰͱүˣ˵ط˵
Ժһ֮ںȻ̽ʵûɣҶ컹Ǹӣܰʲôæ
⣬ȿȣе˽ҶСѡ
껵ʦĻ۾Ĵ£ȴû˵ʲôȻȻǲǰ̸顣
Ҫ֪껵Ȼˣ֮ǰȴǴ̨ȥڴ½ߣﻹЩǵġ
껵ʵ飬Ǵ½ʹķ⽨ţԼ˿ƨˣһǣ⺢ӣĿɾ͹ȥˡ
껵⻰ڳǼͳսˣ϶ôÿˣⲻҪ
һμӹûõС껵µĻ󣬶ʱеܲˣ˵ˣʲôǲ˵أ
ȿȣǣ˼
껵ЩΣ̳ʮ꣬ӦǺǿģתһȦ֮Ѿдʡ
λģҸȥ̨֮ǰǵҾʿһֱéɽ۾ƿ˼Ѿˣ˼ҵԸ
ǣ⡭ҶСʲôϵ
ǸЩĵʵͷȫǾù˧ʱҰȫǺҪģǶЩűĹˣ˿ܷɾ衣
ģǰҶСѵʱʹһװȥɽϿ
˵껵µ¶ЦȽ棬ҪȿپǷԲ鷳йزţ⡭⻹Ǳʳˡ
껵´˻һеǼ˵ϣʱ¶ȻɫλϰԱţʵһ棬øСë·ġ
Ȼλͳսͬ־껵²ŵطЩ¶ȷʵ˵ȥˣ껵ӣҲʲôڹҵ顣
˵ˣ껵˼ҶСʲôð
⼸ͳսҲӴ˲ٺ̽׵ӣ֪ڲ˽ߣЩĹǺܶ࣬һЩϵ飬껵¸׵Ҳ
Ϊ¶껵µ˼Ц˵ǲ̫˽ǹҵ߰ɣȸˣҪĻʱϵǡ
⡭
СţҪ飬ĹǣԼ߿ҪġǸ˻˵ʲôȴϵˡ
ҶéɽصĻһֱǴֵģȥʱڹҲԣ£ǧ޽éɽۡ
λ⻪˼ȻǵȻǺˣΪǵԭ껵²ϾˣӾҪˡ
лл⣬ʵҼҲеģĴҶСѡ
껵µⷬ״еӴٻع̽׵ĺ⻪ˣҲ֪ЩȰȷʵе㲻񻰣ʹҪҪǵģúܶ˻ûˡ
껵뷨ЩǣҲǰһ⣬޲ÿ˶õӸ顣
뵽һ껵ߵһˣҵ󣬶ǱЩĿӵļһ𺦵ġ
Ūԭί֮ͳս˾͸ȥˣ˰˲ԼûȤ
ںȻŮȴˣ껵ҲûɸߣǿɲԱҺμҲûʲôϵٸߣǾĻ̥ˡ
ȵͳս֮Ҷƽһ۶ӣ˵Ҷ죬ɽȥɣʦǵɣȻģ;һɣǲʧġ
׻˵֪Ī껵˵ʱҶɫ֮УҶƽͿ˵ߣԶ껵˵ô򵥣¶ǺҶмֹϵġ
ҶƽǸʶˣɲǰ˵£ҪȻԺӻҪСѽ
Ҷƽ仰һ㺭壬ȴֻҶöˣǾ껵ϵȥǹҶ塣
֣֪ˡҶӦһϰּ˼۾ȱߵ֣Ҷƽ˴Ĵָ
ˣҾͲˣȥذɡ
Լ¶ˣҶƽҲǿЦã⺢Ӳż갡ȻǱʣҿ껵¶Ҷ̬ȣǻǹмӰ
껵Ҳüͨ͸֮ˣȻóҶƽе˼æ˵ããĳһҶİɡ
ʦͱȥˣǸɱ̡
ںȻҲɽҶƽһס¹ضӵ֪ԽԽá
ںȻҶƽĻԥһ£˵ǳɣŰûºҶȥɣ·ע㰲ȫ
СشߵҶߣϰҲҶ۸ˡ

껵һǸʮͣΪʮֵĻ飬ׯ֮󣬾ʹӶͳǿģźֶռСӣ絽ߣֻ껵ºҶںʮ״
飬Ѱ
ԼղӦ˵Ƿ껵²̾һʵҲ֪ЩδؾȫĻˡ
үү˰¶ôѣСӸ˰
Ҷ֪껵ĿģոշԪɵ飬ҶﻹЩ£ôٶùǡ
ǰС룬껵ҲûȦӣżɽ˵ҶСѣܸ˵˵֮ǰڼ˵Ļ˰ɣ
껵֪½Իй˵߽ģΣա
һǳˣҲ˵ĺеʿڶǸˣҪСˣ껵˿ûΪҶ䣬С
үү˵ʲôˣ
ҶЦЦ¶һ˿ȴǲϳϣ˶ѻˣԼƾʲôҪ£
Сһ¶үүҪֻҪܰﵽүүʲôҪ󶼿үү쵽
Ҷı仯ûӹ껵µ۾СӴ򽻵ľ鲻ֻ࣬ܳ˵Ķ֮ˡ
үүҶ֪˵ʲô飬ô
ҶȻѣȴ˼ֺ棬ԼǸĹڴͷٲ
˵껵ҵĸ׵ĹᣬǾͻὫĸᣬ᲻ӦйлԸ
֮Ҫûҵĸ׵ķĹ껵ֻΪԼǸСƭӣΪλͰ͵ǰѰԼأ


015 ֻ
Ҷ첻ϳϣ껵³ʮԶ֮ͻȻ˵Ҷ죬ѵ֪ڴͷٲҵʲô𣿡
Ҷһֱڲ£껵µĻѿʵҵʲô
ϳǻ˵ģ
껵ԴЦԼʮˣҪһëӶۣҲ΢졣
ôС˵ԭ͵ġҶƲƲ죬ˣҲСר
Сһһϳ԰
껵εҡҡͷ˵СĻ󣬻ؼѯһ£ͷٲԭڵĵطĸûͷҲͱƽˣʹ֪ĸҲҲλãⲻСɰæ𣿡
ӼϻȥԺ껵¾ר˴ļλߣһǰͷ鿴һλ˵ͼ鳤׵أǵμڡ
μҵϵ˶Ѿڹˣ֧ǸҵҲֽϷأԼʮȥˣҲˡ
ҵԼأ껵¼һ󣬲ֿ֪֮ЩǲģҪ֪μʮȣ껵µүү
ûĸȷеص㣬껵ǲóȻھģΪ˸ĸᣬһҪǽڵʬǸڳǾȥϵҲûڽˡ
Χǿת֮껵뵽Ҷ죬ǸСһȻ֪ԼعĿģָָڣôҵĸ׵ĹľӦҲ°ɣ
˼һ֮껵˹СֻǹСҲ֪Ҷסǰͳսͬ־ҵںȻҶ顣
Ūǰ֮ҶСԴһ£˵үүҴϣҲֻܿôණҪǻҲҲûа취ˡ
⡭㵥Ͼܵóҵ⣬ĸֺͰֶʣ˵ҲĸķĹСһ˵ˡ
껵¿ûôúƣҲûΪҶСΪȻ¶ȥˣҶѾչֳĵط
үүԪû취ˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ껵¶ʧɫ͵͵Ц£˵ûʦ԰ǵһĵϵˣˮռڹܳҵġ
ģ껵¾һСĶôϵĻ
ǵȻʦһٶˡ
ߣ߿㣬ȥݷɡȻҶ˵һٶЩΪȻ껵»Ǽӿ˽Ųгڴ
ļéɽʻأľ֦ҶïɫˣСͣͣԭСʱɽ·һֱ磬Ÿϵ˰ɽص۴
뷢԰ףɫһϵҲȷû껵ʧȻδ̸ǿ࣬Ǿһλеˡ
Сӣûȫʲô
ϵҶͻȻҲоЩ⣬ȻͽɫǸҶһоƽŷ
ʦλүүҪǴİ˵Ҫ۾һƿ
ҶĻ˵껵ЩЦãҲûǰλϵܰԼɸ׵ԸǾǧģڵҶԣʲô
ɴǰݷãĪ֡Ư껵µȻ˵ǷƿҪԷûбˡ
ںϵ֮껵¶Լֶ˵ǼȥǱ棬ҶС
СӻǺ˻ģ껵µĻ󣬶ǸзˣЩ޸ȥˡ
ʦ⼸װʲôѽǰôû
Ҷ췢ϵԷľ䣬ÿа׶ߣֻɫ΢΢Щܶطɫ䣬ӦЩͷĶˡ
ҶҲͺֲǰǰ类˸飬Ǵûм⼸Ӱ
Сÿ춼˯棬˵û
ϵЦ⼸ӿǽһһשŽıǴ˴εҪޣûóء
ⶼʲô
Ҷֽһ󣬲һ£ʦһֽﰡ
Ҷ򿪵ӣĽǶһСŸʯңģм䣬ǳ̲һһľᡣ
һžᣬ̯֮Ҷʱг⡭Ƿ
ĳߴ粢󣬳ʮңֻʮ֣һ߶ϣֻһֻзֻϺƴԼʣȴзϺ쳣Ĵ
½Ǵһ׭飬дšԪϵܡô֣Ȼֻ֣ʻݺᣬʵչȻΰȴֲʧ鶯һ续֮зԱī
Сдšʯꡱ滹һʺӡ£šʯ̡С׭
ʦʯ˭á
Ҷ쿴ЩԣϺϤĺܣ⻭ֱƬһзϺȫչ˳ǿʵһ㡣
ҶĻϵͷϿһۣƲƲ죬˵ʯһǻģһﲻصϵһԣСӲϸԽ𣬾˼ƻѺˡ
Ȼｫʯ˵һĲֵϵɫȴмֵ⣬ʯĻȷʵ٣˶Ȼģȴ޼ˡ
ֻȻϵⷬǱˣҶѹ֪ʯ˭Ļ󣬾ֽһԣ˳ִӵ³һ۵ķεĻҲ
ֱϣһǧ𣿣Ŵǧ飿ʦѵ߽ͷŰ
Ҷ콫鲼һչȴһԼһ׶ԼʮֵĲᣣҲдż֣Ҷһ֣̲סЦ
ǿǻ֣߽Ҫиͷģľ֧ĲᣣᦣҲ˳֮Ϊƽ𡱣ִ߽Ǳزٵͷ
ǰҶڼϼǸ̯ģ̯λǰҲôһͷд㣬ͬãֻûдĺðˡ
Сӣ㶮ƨóȥϾسﻻ׷ӣϵˡ
ҶĻٿǵӣϵòһûԼɷѿıĶͽȻһĲֵ
Уʦ˭أëҲдñ⼸ֲ
ҶƲƲ죬سһ׷ҪǧǮأôһŲȥɵӲŸء
ϡ֣ǡŴǧдģ
Ҷ컰δ䣬ǲᣣͱߵ껵һ˹ȥϸ鿴
껵µĸ˳ҲǼѧԨԴʯŴǧλ˵ǿ׹
ղżʯĻ껵»ûӦʱټŴǧ֣ȴԸϵĳԶˡ


016 һǧ
껵µĸױͳڽŵңǰϾְЩ黭ҲЩ껵С͸Ÿǵ¡
Ŵǧ껵¸ʮϤʮʱ򣬻游װݷùλ˳֮ΪϼǾмӡ
ֻŴǧʱѾĿ޷ڴǧ˰ȥ껵»̾Ϣѡ
ĸʯŴǧֻǧ󣬾ֻҲ౻֮ղ껵ȻҾʵҲûղж˵Ļ
껵ôû뵽ȻɽƧ˵ֻһпǰϵʿģ껵һǷͬСɡ
Ҫֻ֪ǺѣŴǧʯҲάƣöдϣǾͲˣѣһġ
Ĳ˵ƾֻ껵¾ͿԶ϶ǰϵԲͨˣܺǶλֵܵģҲûмˡ
껵ʶϵֵɪһҶ󣬿˵ŴǧСдģҲҪӲңЩ˰ֻͷʵء
ϵ˵⻰ʱ򣬻ȻԸҲų׻˵Ⱥ֣Ҳܺ˳Ϊˡ
ϼһǱﰡ
ϵʿĻ껵Ŵǧ鷨Ǹᣵ˫֣̲ס˼£ûڵϡ
Ҫ֪ŴǧһŶʱһʮˣҪǷں⣬ôһֵ֣ܼ𣬳֮ΪһǧҲΪ
ˣСҶӣЩװɡ
Ҷ컹߰ķţϵ̲ס˵ϵݺȥЩģʲô
ٺ٣ʦⶫܻӰҾ͸ѧֻˡ
ҶǶһˣ껵µɫﻹ֪ЩȥЩͷֻǱ껵ҪǷ֣СĵĽӸ
ϵҶĻ󣬿Աһ껵һۣЦСӣûգԼ鷳Լȥ
ʦҿûôı£»ϳ
ҶСԴҡ˹ƵģûһĹǵĸ֮ǰҶǲٶΪ濰ˡ
ҶʦͽĶԻԭǷŴǧ鷨껵£뵽Լ⣬˱˴ѣʵʦ֪˵Ŀģ
껵´˴λعҪĸ飬˼м֪֮⣬κ˶Ȼ֪ϵҶʦⱾȻҲҪ߳һЩ̲סһ䡣
Ǻǣϵǿһǲ֪˵öԲˡ
ϵղȻûô껵˵ǰп࣬Ҵ껵µĻУҲ³˼֣½˵ξʿҹ¶ǵݲƽǸĸԵֵĸڸλ磬Ӧ븸ĸɣ
ϵĻ껵¶飬ͷԣԣʦֻ֣Ҫҵĸ׵ĹľҡҶл
껵СװصͷҶ첻︹̵Ըƨ
׻˵п֣пŵҶǿˣ껵ϵʱ¶ϢĶ࣬Ҫϼһٿ⣬Ҳ׻һٶˡ
ϵ˵Ǿ䡰ĸڸĻһͣΪĸڣҲΪĸڸȣô˵ġ
ϵѸߣˮѲˣξʿذɡҶ껵¶ΪϵӦʱȴûֱӳԾܾˡ
ʦֺˡ
ʦĻҶûЦǰŸϴҿˮھȻͽϴˣ⿴ĻȻǲɾš
껵ȴǲ֪ʵ飬Ϊϵٸ˿ˮˣæǰһɫֵ̿İʦɣĳһƬТĵķϣɸ׵ԸɣʲôҪֻҪĳܰ쵽ģһӦ
ռˮߣ̨۵źܴһгģСסլҽӣ󵽹˾ѡַпţͷˮѲϵ
ɴˮĵλǺܸߵģЩʦķˮʦһεļ۸ˡ
ǰλصУƺԶԶ껵Щʦ˵ƾԷĻ
Ļ̸Ǯ裬껵¹ѾˣҲǶϵһ־⡣
ʵ껵ҲܴӸ̨˹ֻڴ½δȫţܻһصģܲܽϸĹǻǰɣ
ϵһˣҪǮƺã
ϵҡҡͷ껵һʧӣЦ˵ξʿϵѸߣ㽭ҪŵùһĻСͽȥɡ
ʦҲûأҪԪôѽ
ϵδ䣬ҶͿ껵ˮƣ⡭ôƻصԸȥأ
ǣʦҶͻСŲͷȥһɡ
껵ҲǴȰ׻˵ë²Σ˽ҽԺһҽʦͥУЩҽǰȴġ
ˮҲˣҶϵָȥͷվţһ׼û˻Ҷġ
޷СҶǰǷ˼ɻ䣬Ѿˡ
ϵ˰֣תЦеؿҶ죬˵СҶӣˮߵı£ʦѾȫ̸ˣҪΪһˮʦǾҪʵڲǸû
ҡû˵Ҫˮʦ
ΪʦĹŵӣպעҪ·ģ
ϵҶĻΪȻС츳õľˣ㲻ʹȻԺҲеʵġ
ʦĻҶᣬϲ޹ԸûѰ껵ĸ׵ڣȻȫƵԼСӵˡ
ʵҶ첢ûв´ϵԸɽȷա
Ҫ֪˵ѰʮѨˮԶ߶ô򵥵飬ϴˮլôףҪķѺܴġ
ڰ˴ڶҰҵ֮Ҫݵ˵ֺʱ䣬зޱȣϵ֮ܣҲķֵİա
һûаյ飬ϵȻͲԸˡ
ҶǰֻϵһдʰˣȻҶ츳ߣϵҲ㲻껵ĸ׵ص㣬ȻҲһ˵ˡ
ϵĻ껵ҲʲôСˣҶ˵Ҷ죬ͰүүæɣҪʲôүү򡭡
껵ڹڵǩ֤ѾҪˣҲĸ׵ص㣬ֻܽ׵Ĺǻҵ£ʹպٻѰңҲϣãˡ
ǺðɣҾԣүүҪҲɲܹҰҶСԴһ֮ڴӦ


017 
ʦ޵£ҶҲû취ټСǡҲһֱãҶҧҧǴӦڴɼˡ
Ҷ˿ڣ껵´ϲæ˵ãүүһ㣬ʱүүȥˣܶߡ
Ҫ֪бҶģȻм˸¸ߵϵʿ˲ԸɽҶһˣĿѾǴﵽˡ
СߣҪȥˡ
Ȼéɽ羰껵ȴһ̶ˣֶﺰ֮˵СıҶͬѧɡ
֮ǰ껵ע⵽ҶʱʱĻῴһǿӱ²֪ôԼ⣬ǾȰѱ͸Ҷ졣
үðɡ
СȻĲԸҲҲүĻĥĥĽֱȡҶ죬˵Ҷ죬㡭
ҲҪүүҿɲȥ
ҶҡҡͷͦĽСֱģСҲģʣµĶҶŲҪء
ããүүԣߣȻȥ
껵¼ƨĵϣҲЩΣ˸˵СҶҪȥǼͣǻȥҪ˵ʲô
Ͼˣͷİɡ
껵µǸΪ˺ܻ飬ȻϾ˸ëӻȥѰҾѵķЩΪȻϲûбֳ

Ҵéɽ´ٶ໧˼ңΧȽϴĴˣֻ˴껵¸뿪ѾûˣҪǷŹա
ӵʱ껵´Ҷ͹СŴӴͷ˳ȥһ·Ϻʹ˴кžǴȥһ㡣
껵߳ʮӺ󣬷ͼ׳СӣҲ˳ȥϸܷϵķ߸¡治иľ״¶źüͷ
һƬ׵Աߵ¢ϣһСӰվ껵ºҶˡ
Ҷ죬ӴͷǿϻպþٲĸķǺŶûУҲֲʲôطˡ
ڱҵϵ϶뿪˴½ĸȥҲ˼Ұæģ⼸ʮȥˣܶ˶ˣʮ˶Ҳû˸ϷأǱҲ˵ǲ޿ɲ顣
Ҷվ¢۲һ֮󣬴ϱŵóһ̣˵үү°ɡ
Ҷе̿ȥеɫ󣬲Ҫϸ鿴Ļ̶ܷ֣Ϻ̴ľƳɵġ
̵İϣнɫмָһΣ÷ǳտĹս̶ϡ
ھ˰ʹãİŨɢ͸һʷɣǨϢ
Ҷ죬̿Ǹ껵¿۹ˣҲղ˲ٹ棬ۿȥ֪϶Ǹ
ҶƲƲ죬˵ǵȻʦصýأҪɽδؿó
ҶǰⶫʣϵҪ⣬ϵѵһ٣˵ǵԼ˲ŻᴫҶòŴϵ̶֪һˮʦҪԡ
̣˵Ƿˮʦķ룬ÿʦǰŻҪ²ؾϲĵ
ͬʱҲʦз֮һʦ²֤ѱѪи˵ӣͨڽҵгΪ뽻˵ӣϣܼ̳־
йǺܽģˮһеҲˡ
ڽǰʱ߽ķˮûеõʦ²Ͳ߱ʦ֮ؼͨ߱մʸ
Ȼڽϴ󲿷ֵķˮʦûдеģЩҲΪưѧ·ѧ
ЩưѧҲ磬ֻҪڲźһЩβԹɫԼϼ鿴˺󣬾͸Ͻְ˶ϷˮˣʮĽƭӡ
ûоʦе򵥵ضһЩլˮطˮǿԵġ
ȴ޷ˮ֣լˮɱң壬СͨЩӷˮǲԵġ
ԱҶС㵽ˮеִ֮ߣ³ɽϵϵͲڹڵʦ֮⣬ܳˡ
Ҷõ̼临ӣʮ㣬ض̱Ժԣʮλʮɽǣø˿һ׼ͷۻ
լˮѰĹᣬֻҪõ̾ͿˣҶͳһֽд껵ĸ׵Լʱ䡣
ιϣվˣ꣬һꡭ
ֽ˼һᣬҶдʵ̲жŷλȻСǿ껵Ȼôִʦķɡ
ֻ껵²֪ҶԸᶼ֪߶ʲôΪ˿̵עûзеϣȫеǸ̡ˡ
ʵ껵ṩİ֣ҶҲһзֳɵĴɱŲȥʦء
ءֺ󣬹ǹȻڶ
ϤİҶﻹмģϾˮ£ҶҲԪɵĺˡ
ƴˣٻȥ졭
Ҷҧҧ¶˾ģô껵£Ƿﲻãδ̫ڱˡ
ҪԼܵ˺磬ҪҵеĹɣûõģҪʹõУܷڡ
ߡ
Ҷ콫עˡСߡֵ棬ʱͬʱҶ콫ιϵϢҲĬһ顣
ͼڷɿţһҶ쿴ķųǰȻǻһ⣬뵽Ҷ˫Ŀ֮С
ţѵֿˣҶֻоԴ΢΢ѣһ£æ۾˼Ӻ󣬲۾
ԭӦÿһĿռʱҶ
ڴ˿ҶУصĶҪ߳һͷ׸ѣƺʧˣһתž۵֮С
Ҷ֪Ҳ֮ΪѰѨҪľѰ֮صĵ㣬ΪĹڡ
չ˵˵γͨɵ;ڤڤӰ˵ˣ˾ܱӺ˸»ܸ
լڰˣլȻǻסˣɼڷˮռݵҪλˣ˳Ʒˮֽ˼Ҳˡ
ڷˮܸ˵Ǽ٣Ҷļʶ޷ж˿̣ȴ˵
÷ˮ껵ڵĸˡ
׵ϵҶ̲ס̾һϵôʱ䣬Ȼǵһγʦ֪ʲôķˮ֮ܳΪصġ
˿Ҷǰžתŵͬɢ˿˿ЩطΪͣγһĻ档


018 
ţТ裬Ǭ¡ʮ̷꣬꣬⡭ʲô˼
Ҷ쿴һ澰ʱĿдһɨһͻȻС
Ǭ¡ʮˣǲһ߰Т껵µѽ
иǰΪʦҶĵʱԼ¼ǣĻǷǳģһ㣬ȷ
ȷμأʣµͺðˣκһͨˮ˶ףصص˳Ƕнġ
һԣһ֧ߣҪĹطˮõĵطҲпϷŮǽķĹУﱲ档
ޣһҲˣȵص֮Щ֧ͻȥء
μҵشǬ¡ʹˣһٿˣѾԶֹ屲ˣȴûзֳ֧Ǿָ㣬뿪ˮء
һһϢҶʱУоǹ죬ֲù˵ˮʦܹͨȴҲ޻̸֮
ʱҶ˷ܵǣ岢ûвʲô仯˿ʼЩѣ֮⣬һж
ιϣˣڹԪһ꣬껵¡
ڰմͳĹ᷽λһ֮Ҷ׵صһǣڷιϵϢæ˹ȥ
Ҷ죬СˣҵĸĹľ𣿡
Ҷ껵ЩţҶѾϣˣҲĻֻܽװ뿪ˡ
ٿҶ˰֣ʾ껵²Ҫ˵Ȼ󲦿ï׸ѣΧǿλ߶
װģ̱ȶһҶͣס˽Ų˵ûĻӦþˡ
桭ģ
껵µЩ뿪½ʱѾʮˣĸ׻кģϾҪҵĸڣΪŮЩ顣
Ǻǣǲڿ֪ˡҶЦЦûж˵
Ǽ
Ҷ洫ͷһȴǷż߽׵أǰķ֣˵ù
£ȴûݸҶ죬ǿ껵£СʵϾˣ⡭װ
ҶЩˣƲƲ죬˵ңͱҰ
Ҷ죬Ϲ˵껵°һ£ݵҶС
Ҷӹ߶Ҫö£ΧƽΧڵ׸Ѷڵϻһߣ˵Ȼڣĳߣһ׶һ㣬ܼľˡ
ͷҲʰСӡ
Ҷ쿴һۺСһ䣬˿ĭһ£Ҫϲȥ
ţ˵ʼ𣿡
û½Ӵ棬Ҷзһ󺰣ŵ÷æ֣ȴǲԼĽ档
˵ʲôҵطΪʲôڣҼҵĵأڻֲ㡭һֵܼӦˣҶۡ
˳Լӵ۵ģҶ˰֣ں˵ڰڣǾͽʬû
й˵ĹᴫͳϰУҪעĶǳ࣬ΪԭҪľģ͸ˡ
һҪ˵Ҫҷˮѡգڹ涨ʱڣľ
ǰĻҪϷΪʬҪǽӴĻǾͻʹʧӰ켫
ҶƺЩ껵æǰԲҶ죬һʶҪʲôͷԸɡ
껵µĻҶͻȻһǼˣ˵ǼԺ鴫ȥܴӦҾ˵
Ȼ˿ˮ¶ͦģҶɲպ󿿴ıȻٱ˹һСͷҶͬѧǿ־Ҫϴѧġ
Ҷ죬ģǲ˵ġ
껵¸Ҷ˰Ʊ֮󣬿Լ⼸˵պҪ֪飬Ҳ˭˵ģǼҪϾˡ
ǣϾˣǲ˵ġ
˶ҶĻΪȻǶǮ˾˾ͲһˣĻԶϲ·
Ҫ֪껵»ÿݶһǧǮһ̨ʮ˴ϺƵӻڰũ壬ѾǺֱܴˡ
ҷ֮ԶϾ˵ôģһԭڼʶϵЩֻ껵˵йĹֵֻǮ
˵⣬ǻ˸⣬س￪̣רŶһͷˣбǮ黹Ҫ껵µͷϡ
Сֵܵģ˭˵ҵһĲ
껵µĻﻹǺзģǷֳԾǼֵܼ䣬ڳһΨҶհģ
ҶҲŸ׸ڵָ˼£˵ǼǴķù⣬׮÷ӡ
ҲнģҲпƻķˮҶָĵط۾ûڡ
˵ô鲼ģ黹õϰ
ҶĻ󣬷˻ȥϵķ̧˹ǴӴרŰϲǻ˼ҽģȫ򿪵Ļܰϯһ˿ǰ᲻ġ
ûʲôڼ׳СӶԸͲʲô⣬СʱѾҶķԸˣڵס֮⣬涼͸ġ
ӺҶǼ˽ϵĹļ̌ײĿɱǷصĶ࣬˽̧Ҳ۵ˡ
ײĿϺõɼľƵģͨûһĺۼԭһͷõģ껵»ؽ˹Ȼ˿ľ̴ľĹײģҲϵȹľˡ
ײķŵӵºҶָָԼղߣ˵ڰɣĳߣȻԼľ
Ҷָ˰죬СҲ˹а𣬵Ҳû˵ʲôһŰ¾ʱһԼ׵Ӿ¶˳
ʱҶһֱվ۲ɫڲɢ˽µһ֮Ҷȵȣˡ
ôˣҶ죬ҡҵ𣿡
껵´˸飬ӵԼҲһ׶ˣѵѾҵĸ׵Ĺľ𣿲Լôû
Ҷ˵ͷӵϼһɫЩڵݸ껵£˵үү㿴ʵǹľ֮µĺۼ
Ҷϵѧϰˮߵʱ򣬿ɲǱЩˮ鼮éɽ´ҰسҲȥüΣָĹľİ
껵½˼֮Ҷļ˺ǼֺСӰûһߡ
ӸĹľҶܿ껵ĸõĹײģʲôľϴƵģôѾȫһˡ
У٣ߣӴҡⲻǲھ𣿡
ҶĻڵһȻһһҴֵĺɫƣǵСģʱ͸оͷƤ飬һӾ


019 ޿
㡭ǡ
˵ı֣껵òûȥ۳žҵĸ׵ʬǣ˭֪⼸СӾȻˡ
˲ϳԼСȴ˸ɣǷ˵Ͼˣ⡭Ҫǲھϣ಻ʰ
δ֪Զηǹ֮˵Ȼ˭ûǴ֡
һ뵽оʬǣ⼸ˣҲĵֱð໥ţȴû˸ȥˡ
ǲɣԼ
׻˵Ӽƶĸ󣬼ɫ껵¾˾ӣȥĸǵĵطɲֱȥĸ׵İϢ֮
үүɡ
Ҷ˵ŻСͻȥڷسﶼ˯ʬǼöˣҹʱ򶼲ںڹ컯յģûʲôµˡ
ҵֶæҶˣ껵²Щж촽鶯£˵áãҶ죬үүһлġ
ϾˣҲְɡ
껵ºҶһһٵĴ棬ЩҲסˣ˵ָϾ˰ʸأҪǲæҲûˡ
ľѾˣְֻţĵطͲùˡ
ȵҶ˽Ҫעĵطֻ˵һ룬ҶС۾ͻȻֱֱؿŷ󣬲˵㡭㱳ж
ʲô
ҶĻ󣬷ʱеͷƤ飬ļƤ˲ƨװ˻ƽһ㣬ಡһʹܵ档
ҶӣʱЦǰϡ
㡭㣬Сӡ
겻ĻͷȥʱȴҶĴЦҲԸǱСˣˣϾˣһͨ졣
ˣҶ죬۳Ϳˣȥɣүүɱˡ
껵¶ҶΪҲǿЦãԷǸСӣҲ˵ʲôֻƭû˵
ãүүλǹľͷСһ㰡
Ҷûң껵˵λ֮˸СӣⲦķԥһᣬҲ㬵µ˿
ҶҶ죬㡭⡭ǣʮӺ껵´Ų
Ҷѭȥ껵µ棬һɫЩƵͷǹǣæ˵ͷǣүү㰡
϶꣬ĸʱʱõĹľǺܺãľ֮Ҳ˽ȥ·Ѫѱʴˡ
裬ˣӴˡ
ĸ׵ʬǣ껵±ͷ𣬡ͨһʮˣȻһһĨȫ
뿪ĸף껵¶ĸ׵˼ڴ˿̶˱Ŀ÷ҲĨᣬֱšѡΧǿ
СҶӣүүЦˡ˺ðΣ껵²ͣס˿
үүû¡
Ҷ۾ҲЩģҲԼĸףֻҶ첻֪Ϊʲôĸ׻᲻ҪԼ͸أ
֪ǲǱ飬껵µļµ˿æʰʬǣһСʱض˳ʬȫƵԱߵĹײ
صˣǷΪ껵µĸףһ֧˿ŷģĽҲʧȥ
Ϊʱ껵һ۾˳ĸ״ǰ껵Сʱĸ״أ˼ˣ˵һ˱
껵³ٳٲ뿪ǰ˵Ͼˣ·ߣȥɣ
ãȥ
ڹλڷ⽨ŵĴȻǺܴģʰʬǺһ˽ײ̧ϣϢķص˴

ϵķˣرķʢ߰˽صĴ㣬µĸƽʱҲǳԲϵģ˿̰һӡ
Ҷ죬ԣԵ㡭껵²ϵظҶŲˣƺֻİ취ܱел⡣
ͬϵķˣҶĿ⣬Ҳ͸һ˵ζ飬ʵڳ֪ʶ롣
ҶҲһ̻֮СƤ˵үүˣҳԱˡ
СҶӣ˵үүôл㰡˸׵Ը껵Ҳһصİ˶˲١
ͬʱ껵Ҳ˸飬Ҷɲ߽ʦֻǸӣΪˣ껵²ŸоѰ졣
ǴҵķˮǸøٳͣٳ;ˣҶƫƫǸӣǮˣ۸С껵Լ˵Լ
Ǯ˵Ļ껵ָоʣ˽ڵͨһ˲żʮǮҪҶҶһʡ޿ĻǶԣһǺ¡
Ҷûô뷨껵µĻЩֵʵүү㲻ǴӦʦɵ۵𣿡
⡭£СҶӣҪʲôҪǮҪ
껵һ£û³һһǵѾˣԼҲ˶Ǯ껵ͷβҶϵϵ
껵̬ȺܳϿңҶСԴ˺һᣬ˵ţүүٸһٿǮɡ
ࣿ١һٿǮ
ҶĻ껵²ûˤȥôû뵽Ҷһ֮󡱵Ŀ
껵ĸǱ컹Ҫ飬ҶԸ͸ʮҲԸ⡣
һ˵ڸ̨ķˮʦҲҪģҶ쿪һʱܵ˾޴
껵µ飬Ҷ컹ΪԸʨӴˣ˵һٿǮҪʮҲУ
Ҫ֪ҶһٿǮǾһʺܴġ޿ˣԸԼ͸׻ϵţټϸţÿ˶һ·ˡ
𣬱˵ˣСҶӣЩǮúˡ
ûҶѻ˵꣬껵¾ʹߵİͳһʮĹũֱҶ
⡭үү̫˰ɣ
Ҷ챻껵µľٶһһǮôҲҪһٰɣԼֻѰأ칦ûѲɳźŻôǮã
࣬һ㶼࡭
껵°˰֣һ֮վ˵СҶӣߣؼңҲ
ҶС˵껵ҶĸףһԼĸм֮飬ҾڸղҲһЩ뷨ҪҶļҳȥ̸ġ
ؼңá
Ҷ£漴ǵƱԼСʦ̷һ𣬲ҶǳƱҪԶҪöˡ
ڷϵϣҶȴǶһ˿򣬿˿߷ˮƺһСǮ;鰡
Ȼ뷨Ҷôһ˿ѿ
Ϊйں£ÿѧϰ׷ðһˣҶͬѧ룬һѧңΪĻס


020 
ҴׯľɲȻǸҶģǵׯʱѾĺܸˡ
ףǼп˰
ոڣҶͿԺӵĵţҪ֪ũó棬ƹرЩɳ棬Բˣһ㵽ǲƵġ
֣˭ҶȥƿԺ˽ȥﻹץСǷһʾ޿ء
ϣʦ
ʵҶҲʲôˣϵǾľͲö˵ˣںȻҶƽѼӾѣƽʱǹ˵ġ
ʱԺмķϰŵըףһ˺͵䣬ҶƽںȻϵˣСء
СӣôôŻ
ҶҶƽմѵӼ䣬ȴ껵£æվӭȥҲˣ
Ҷ߶ˡԺźüˣ껵Ҳû˵ʲôӹҶƽݹС
ﻰҪǲĻҲԼ׾ơҶƽȻ֪껵µ⣬߾ǿͣһ껵µǰ
ããܶûȹ׾ˡ
껵Ҳû֮ŤͷķСҲǸˣû˵תԺӡ
˵ҶоܲڣվںȻż˼۾ʵţɽϺ治
Сһ죬˵ͷ˵棬Ժȥˡ
ʲôȥģٴȥɽϵҰɺóˡ
ŵĻҶоСѾͷЩ֣Ҳûô⣬ĿֿǳŻ׺СƵϵʵʦôҲɽ
ϵûصҶһָָۣԺһǵļڻûüᵽӣ˵ϻɽʦסﰡˣЩҲһʱ䡭
˵ŻϵĿ⿴껵£ͻȻסˣССҶӣ㡭ĪǸѰˣ
껵´˿޳֮ȥӡ÷˿ˬ½˳࣬ҶѰĸ׵֮϶дġ
ٺ٣ʦ̵ĺãõһûѶ󹦷ҵˡҶ첻йǱ֪ԺٺһЦĸϵ˸ñӡ
˲ͬϵϤѴģҶĻ󣬰һ˵ٺҳҶҶҪѺܴݳַˮ֣㡭Сӵôģ
ʦҾǰֺʱݵİⲻ̵
ΪƽʱƤѧҶ֪ʱһҪҧ˿ʼ˵ϵʹɣҲԸûޡ
ȻҶĻϵû׷ȥֻﺬ⡭⡭ѵʦү𣿡
ҶϵĻƲƲ죬ﰵҪ˵ʦүҲûһĵСүɲᡭ
ҶϵʿĶԻһֱԱĬںȻȻ˵Ҷ죬Ȼ˵Ļпȡ֮Ҳ᱾ĩҪѧ鱾ϵ֪ʶа
Ҷ껵ɽʱںȻʹҶƽ֪ȥµΣŲ³֣Ҷܿܰﵽ껵µæ
ڰʮеһ仰Ǿǡѧ߱¶¡ںȻȻ׾ĻСоҲųֹǻۣǲ뿴ѧԵ档
飬ںܶʱЩƫģͳĻ󣬺ܶ˾ͽйǧγɵĴͳĻһĲֵƺֻĻǿѧġ
Ϸˮأ಻Ϊ֪ԹžĶ࣬һΪͳĻɣڹȥʮУǱ
ںȻ̬ȣѾǱȽϹʵˣʦ˵ֱӾͻҶһ⽨СͿñӡ
֪ˣʦһúѧϰϡ
ʦĻҶ컹ģڱ̬󣬱̾¶˳ʦѧҪ˰ɣÿڰ϶һѽ
ҶٴϻۣҲǸӣǿеģÿ꿴ѧϰɼͬѧý״˵û뷨ǾǼٵġ
Сӣһڲе칫ңǽ״͸ˡ
ҶĻںȻҲǿЦãСǰ˼ŮʦոմӼƻ칫쵽ıף͵ߺȥˣУ֪
ҲֱӵλûСŮʦһڵļûϿΣĺӼʹѧϰٺãҲòѧĽ״
뵽ҶɵЩƤ飬ںȻҲ̲סЦ̶̾һʹѧڸˣʦҲܸѧĽ״ˡ
ţʦΪʲô
ҶȻûҪѭ浸صĺѧҪʵʵĻòѧɲġ
ףʦҪԶУ뿪éɽںȻһ֮ҶͻȻɫ䡣
ںȻֵؿҶһۣ˵ô֪Ҹպ㰢˵أ⡭Ҳ㿴ģ
ҶָָںȻվŻƤߣ˵ʦ﷨͹ԣԤŽվͻԶУû˵ɣ
⡭⻹ˣ
ҶĻ˵ںȻĿɿڴԭٹȰҶ켸úѧϰĻ˿ȴҲ˵ˣ⺢δ̫һɣ
ںȻͻȻվϵʿһ˵ǰеְ
ΪӵܵʦںȻǰûٺϵ۹Ҳ̫ʵʤ۱磬Ҷı֣ںȻı˶Էˮ֪
޷޷˽Զж⣬ھʿö񡭡
ϵۺ룬ڳһ˵ģʵҲĪԼպûʲô̸Ҷˡ
Ҷ죬ǡܿʦҪȥ׼ȥʲô
˵ʵںȻҲѾʮˣ˴뿪éɽصСĵطҲмģ̲ס˳
ʦҪȥϺҹͷԲ󣬴лܳȣԺ󡭡ԺӦû廧ɣ
Ҷ۾ϸںȻ࣬˵ĻʵȴʾģԳɹʲ󶮣˸Լĸ廧
⡭⡭
ҶĻںȻ֮⣬ȴһ仰˵ˡ
Ҷ˵ûںȻԭϺˣĳڽǰϺ֪ҵңȻܵٳǻһЩҵ
ԴӸĸ￪ںȻĴزپҵһ֯ǰһЩϵ̶̵ļ䣬Ӫķ֯Ѿľ߹ģ
˭֪ںȻ׼һչȭŵʱȴһ󲡣ȺȻǣϾѸߣľҲǴǰˣ˼ȥ;ҵȥ
ڼڹڵ˶ҳںȻһ⣬ĶŮԾǰãںȻĴԴϺ˹һ̸
ǰںȻҶƽʵѯģڽǰȴѶҶƽеˡ


021 
Ҷ죬㿴ʦγȥʲôطչأ
ںȻһʱ鼱Ƿѿڶ˵֮󣬶ʱֻоϻյûţǰôŷˮ֮˵ھȻҪˡ
ο̵ĻԼѧںȻѿˣɰת죬޲ڷ˼Ըȥ
Ͼˣһˡ
ںȻѿѵʱ򣬷һŸϴԺ˽ŵʳŵϺ˵Ͼˣλʦ˵±ˣ¾ƺȰ
һͷ⣬Ȼ˲࣬ѾǺܲˣ˼ҵŲ򵽵ġ
ҶƽЩ˼ˣ÷һæϼ˵ıﵹ˾ƣ˵ڣȾƣȾƣô˼ƷѰ
Ǻǣûʲôҿǻ׾ư
껵ЦŰ˰֣ſںȻɫ˵ʦ˵䲻˵ĻҶ⺢츳Էˮг˲ɼĵط̣һ˵顭
껵ȻûлԪôͣһϴʶҲһ˱ȲϵģӸղϵɫͿ˳ҶıҲǸо𾪵ġ
ɴ껵д󵨵ƶϣ¾һٶϵʿҲþڷˮӮͽܣԲ˵ⷬ
ǺǣеˣĲ˵ҶëдľҪҺá
껵¶ҶƳ磬ںȻɫҲָԳЦЦҶ˵Ҷ죬ܲܰʦǰ̰
ʦҸղϹ˵ģⰡ
ҶȥץͷأںȻĻھѸղŴпĶ˵һ̧ͷϰԼȴǸ˴ʡ
ںȻ˳ҶȥЦˣ˵ҶŻӸʲôѽ
ڣװŪģȾƣȾơҶƽȴҶ˵˵ںȻ֮¸
Ҷ⺢˵еҲ޷
ںȻС˽ʮʦȻؼҪһҵʵϰµģۼҶ˵ãȻˡ
Сӣ˵˵ɣԺ׼ٸ˿ˡ
ںȻĻҶƽҲЩΣôԼӾͳ˸Сѽƫƫô׼
Ҷ쿴һϰ֣֯һԺ󣬿˵ʦ׻˵෨Ϊض¶㳤ڰ׷˵ĵشƲкǿж;ܺܺõİʱպ󸻴ڻµġ
ҶⷬһйģһȴںȻԼȥģ˵йоء
ʱйǵӦãҶԽԽԼǰѧķˮ֪ʶõġ
Ҷ첻֪ʶֱӽЩϢ˵ȥ֮󣬹˼ͻᱻ͵ĳЩоȥˡ
ˣڣһΪˣףպչͼ
Ҷ컰һ䣬ҶƽͶ˾ƱںȻһ±Ӻȴǿ껵£ʵ֪ʲô𣿡
Ҫ˵껵µľΪҶؼңҶƽǾԲŵģ껵ⷬһк棬ȴղŵĻ⡣
껵ܿóҶƽἰҶ쿴ˮ飬ЦЦ˵ģҿҶСӱҶ
ʲôҶƽЩֵʵ
껵¿һҶ죬ЦҶȥѧѧѧһзã֧֪Ҷϵ᲻أ
ʲôȥҶƽȻ䲻󣬵ⱲҲ˲ˣ껵´˿̿˵ĻȴеΪġ
Ͼˣôû˵°
ǿЦɣ
ȥǶԶһ𣿡
ɲֹҶƽһ˳ԾԺļͬʱǶ껵µе˼顣
Ҫ֪Ȼڿڿ˵ʱôôܡ
ǳ⼸˶ףǴӽˮƽ϶ԣҪԶԶڵйҶѧϰҲıĹ켣
˶Ŀ⿴Լ껵µɫҲ˵Ҷ㿴һͣǺ㿪Ц˵Ķġ
ʵ뷨Ҳ֮ǰڸҶǮʱ뵽ģڼںȻ˶ԷˮԼйͳĻ̬Ⱥ껵¼ţҶȥ⣬иطչ
⡭⣬̫ͻȻˣҪúõһ¡
Ҷƽ껵µĽ飬һ׼ûУ֪ҶôǼģǸΪʮ꣬޷¡
֣ҲҪҲŲҪȥأҾĶȥ
ûҶƽϸ˼ҶǲӦˣĺû飬ʦϰ֣ȻƶһЩҶоԼǺֵܿġ
ûʲôȥȹСҶӣĶȥʦ
Ҷ컰䣬ϵҲǰӶܹȥˣɲԸԼ츳ߵĹŵӣҲƵȥ


022 
ɣĳȻţҶԸȥĻĳǾԲһίġ
ϵʿĻ껵æԽһԼһƬģҪǱˣǿҲˡ
ȥȥﶼȥүүҲٸ˵ҡҾ͡
Ҷ첻µزµҪ껵ٸ˵飬СӶҹܵׯμشڳɱˮ
⺢ӣүүǶá
껵εؿЦһ£תҶƽڴҶȻӱ飬Ҫҳġ
껵֪Ҷʱ뷨ҲҼ˵ȥˣһˮʦǿǽɣʹҶ컹ֻǸӡ
ĺҴСˣͻСҲȥڹڰɣ˵ˣȻڹڵĽϣԺġ
Ҷƽ濼Ǻܳһʱ䣬ö⣬ȻãϾֻأй˵ĸҶƽҲöպɸƤĵ㽶ˡ
Ҷ㲻ٿһˣ뷨ҶڹܵĽ϶ȹںõġ
ҶƽĻ껵Щ⣬ͷǺܶڴѧܵʱҶôõĻᣬ껵ȴû뵽Ҷƽܾ
Ҷƽҡҡͷ˵һѧģСҲͬ⣬ҲӦغӵѡ񡭡
ǡǺðɣҶպҪǸı⣬ʱϵСҶ쳤ѧҵŵȻЧ
ҶƽĻ껵Ҳ֪Ҷ϶ǲˣ¶ŷ֣ȡһƤ˵ҶҶ쿰߷ˮһͣҪ¡
үүǸǮ𣿡
껵Ҫ꣬Ҷ첻Щ֣֮ǰһƱѾҶоЩˡ
Ҷ죬ôñ˵ǮҶĻ껵»û˵ҶƽɫѾ˵صҶ졣
ǡүүӲҵġ
ҶͷС˵ȻӣƽʱǸ׷ʱȴǲ࣬¼ҶƽҲе㺦ˡ
ҶֻǸСҶӵһ㻨ǮѵˣǮպáҶԱ껵æ˹ƤݵҶƽ
ҶƽӹƤʱû⣬˳Ƥһ֮£ʱϱɫ⡭⡭ʹãǮҲҪ
ҶԴһƤȫһոµĴŽᣬһֻһǧǮƤڹҲҪװϸһ
ҶƽȻԴУҲûôǮҪ֪ԪѾǸĴˣɲҽЩǮ
ҶǮǸҶĳͣ˵ڸ̨һλˮǮǲģ˵һռ˱ء
껵֮ǰ׼һǴҶǮȻͲøˣڶǰˣҶ첻ϳȥĻЩǮͽΪҶ߷ˮĳ͡
껵µĻҶƽͨ죬˵ǹ⣬ǹڣҪǽǮˮ⽨ɳ˵ͰҶץȥء
Ȼشéɽ£ʢУҲڽĻ⼸ķҲܴ
éɽ۵ؽɹҲͽףû˵ĸʿɽ¿ˮǮء
Ƕ˶У˵ͱ䣬һҪЩΪ뵽⽨ŵķҶǾҪͷˣ
ղ껵˵Ҷ㻨ǮҶƽΪֻʮʮǮأ֪ҶСٶ飬ҲҶ˳ġ
ҶƽĻ껵³һ£˵ҶǶ˵⡭˽ΪҲܲɣ
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껵ºҶƽһҪͣһյʱһԵϵ˵ˣСҶӣǮ°ɣû£
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023 
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ƾϵ껵˵ҶƽҲϽһƤǮ
ҶƽȻԲöӵǰ̿ЦģҶ汻ϸ⽨ŵñӣǿһӶϴ۵㡣
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ϵĻ껵æ˵ɣҶʦȻˣòˡ
˭Ǯ껵²ģֻҪǮȥˣĽҲǽ⿪ˣҪȻǷôСӵ飬껵°뱲ӹƶĺ˳ġ
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Ҷƽֹϵһ仰˻ȥϸһǮϵˣûҶʲô飬˵Ҳ˽˸۾
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껵»δ䣬ͱϵϵˣ˱һǮȴһӶϵƢԿҲͦٵˡ
ȡȿȣɣҰѻ˵갡껵±ϵµͨ죬ѳڣҪ˵ȥġ
ԪĿ껵ķתһȦû˵ϵʹˣֻ̫ƽӣЩ߰飬Ҫҵҵͷϡ
֪ˣ
껵Դ󾪣ԭΪϵʿֻ㣬ʵҶأ˭֪ԼδڣѾ֪Լˡ
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ʵԪδ껵£СӱӴɣ֮òƣһЩ׬Ǯ£ŲԸء
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ϵĻ껵ЦЦ˵뿪꣬ռһЩŶֻѹͲЩÿյʱ򣬶Ƶ۾ˡ
껵¼ϵЩղأһǴҾƷ˶ֻҲĶĵãԲϵæ˼
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Ҷƽһּˣͷ廧Щ͸ķֺе˸ɵģ˵Ҷ仹СǳˣҶƽҲ򲻻öȥеġ
ǺǣҶҶȥֻǷʲôò׼ɺҶ쿴ѣᵢѧϰġ
껵ЦϺһ׼ʦͽˣǧټҲҪǴϵϵ
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껵һ۹ˣ˴Ǵ۽½ģڽ껵ܿδʮУ½ӭٵطչ
׻˵ʢŶƽ껵ţǽ±ҰȤöᷢ仯׬Ǯǹô꣬Ի׬ġ
ⶼĸİ
껵µĻҶƽѾ˲𷴲ͷˣǿˣͷ׼ӲˣԼԸĻֳϸӡ
Ͼˣͷİɣһ׼ѵá
Ҷƽ޿κȣĻϲˣǮİٷ֮ʮҲоǧˣԼҪ׬ϵ㣬񲻾Ԫ
Ȼ³ģ䲻ѧҲߣ۹ؾҪԶȺܶ˶ҪߵĶࡣ
ףԼԹһϲͨԺҪҶʦͽ϶ܶ࣬ԲûΪٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ⸸ʦͽʲô֮ġ
СӰԣҪǱ֪ѹȥСǼҵءһֱĬںСƵϵȻðһ仰
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024 ϣ
ںС˵ŻҶ˼Ͳˣʲôɷ֮ʱĵںȻʹ˸ɫԺӡ
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ԭźҶϵǼõģֻԶҪ뿪ˣŲ֪Ϊʲô͸Ҷˡ
ŵĻҶƲƲ죬˵ʲôСʦ˵ˣйĴͳĻȻѧ
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徫µСӣȻҶ죬Ҫˣǵ𣿡
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ҵȻǵˣٺ٣ӣһ֪촩ʲôɫС
ҶٺһЦֻǻû˵꣬ͱŵСָϵˣͷ·ֻصʱ⡣
һ֮¢ϣҶӰͳ˺üһĳƱ˵ӣ·ģˣǮţͷԼɡ
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ҶӲǰǮŵ·ڴվ˵ӣԺҪѧ˵ͬѧء
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壿û˵ĬĬĽּ
Ҷ죬ţĶԶںȻĺ
Ҷ죬˵Ҫټ
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صںȻŮ껵µ˶Ѿ뿪ˣڶ᷿ϵĺҶһҹ˯ȴôʵԺֳŵӰ

ʱ뿪ˣҪģСԴһ¹ȥº׽ϺɽӵҶ죬Ѿ顣
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ӵ۵ɽţϴҲһʯ·
ʯ̾͵ɽ𼶶ϣɽˮ϶´Ϣɽ͸ַɳɳˮ·֮
껵ٻʱԼҶƽһһ˵ۣ޲ڣֱ˵ٴЩҲҪϡ
Ҳ֪껵ºϵ̸ЩʲôߺϵͶҶϼӹ̸Ҷڹ͵֪ʶֱ쿪ѧʱ򣬲Űɽ

·ƵҶ죬ƿԺţɽʱץһֻɽӵˮߣﺰ֣Ҵֻɽ˰ɡ
ˣɽ׸үȥɡҶƽﴫ˳
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С죬Ҫˡ
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ʵҲǼҡ
֣˵ۼڱɣҪر
ҶƽĻҶ˷ǴСšҰ찲ţ찲̫׸賤ģ͵ĺӣԱ

Ҷƽʣ˶סˣ˺һ˵ǲǻرԺԻȥ
ΪԼĻ㻹ֵĲϸȥûܻؼұɥҶƽ͸оһɬʲôصأ
οڱһԸԵˣȻÿÿҶƽԶΪҶ裬ܵ衣
Ҷɫ¶ʹɫһ˫ȭյýģæҶƽһ£˵֣ôˣǲر𣿡
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ҶȻ뵽⣬Ȼڴûеģÿũæʱ˰æõʳҲүԵˣǡȥسԺǳʲôѽ


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˵ߣҶżʮ˴ĺ֮ǰҪСܰɣʱɹŵģ¼ҴҵػصԺֻɽɽϸȥ

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ҶҲòϵʹʦү飬ֻԶܶʷ֮ˣϵҲ˵Ȼֻ֪ʦү츳ţһνȫʦڡ
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Ҫ֪Ҷ쳤ôǰϵҶƽҪҶϵԼүүҲûʲôġ
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ҶȻƽʱӣϵӵۣڴ֮ʣȴ¶飬ԪϻοҶСԴЦ˵ɵӣʦҺò쳾ôװ˵ˣɽҲʦһʦգܲܽһĴлָ֡
ΰʱڣʿǱȽƳģѧ˵ﵽʢ۷壬ǵ峯ʱ򣬿ӺǬ¡ǿƵһ཭ʿѹıȽһĴУҲòȱ
Ԫʱϻۣڵõ´кºԸҪʦȥУν̣ҲѰǰ鼮ֻǺսңѵ
ԪѾһٶ꣬Ҳ֪޽Բ뾲ϰʦһܵȥ
ˣмҪע⡭
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ҶСϵЩϰˣһ˦ЦˣСӣɽȥɣƵġ


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ڶһ磬ڵǰׯǻûأʱڳ緹Ĵ˷׷Χ
Ҷ츸סǰ棬żӣҶƽѾһҼȥݷùˣҲ֪ҵˡ
ҶֵܣﲻþͻﲻȱүڷԵġ
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Ҷ죬ˣϷȥӰ
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һǰʱ򣬷سǣ뿪꣬Բ𣬹ʲý綨¶첻ˡ
ΣȻְ껵½̵İ취עṫ˾ǶԲ˽˲칫˾ҪƲС
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ҶƽӡǼֺŹ꣬ȫЩשߡɫĽȥƶţһ㣿
Ҷ壬ţҸ˰£֪׬˶Ǯ𣿡
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ӣʲô²ܸҶ˵İ
ҶƽѯʵĻ治ķȥϾӿಷԣƺû
ǸǸҶ壬ʶһŮԼȥӰˡͷӺߺһ㣬עⶼ
ǺǣӽŮҶƽЦʮͷСӣǶʱ򣬽ύŮҲǺġ
Ȼѻ˵ˣҲ̧ͷ˵ҲŮˣѣȴԺҪǺˣ̸󡭡
ͷŮҪ̸󣬴һǾͽˣåȻͶԷ̸ţֻŮûӦ

ǲŵģҶƽҲЩԥˣŤͷҶ죬ʵС죬ûɣӽȥѪ֣֮
ҶƽĻ󣬷ҲЩŵؿҶ죬֪ҶˮߵıµģȻûʶֻҪҶ˵ˣƾǰ˾Ųʮ
Ҷ죬˵Ѫ֣֮ϲذ
ǶǹﶯˣҶ˵أǼֻȥģҪСǷԻڹһչվġ
Ӹ磬СѣǺأѪǿøҶʵĽ˵˳
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ҶձƵ˵˳ͻСȻũһСƨҲȢϱϷԴ˸ϵ飬Ǻ˽⡣
ģ
Ҷ조Ů顱仰ʱ򣬷˫۾ԲˣУҶ壬һǵȥһүôʧԼأ
˵ⷬʱ򣬷ȻһҪϵɽ»𺣵ļƣȻҲҶǰǾ䡰СסĻףû
С죬Ȼܲ⼪ףôܹ𣿡
ҶƽӣȻϲҶĥЩҲҶѧǷ⽨ţкµĵڵġ
þǲš
ҶƽͷϾ¶ʧɫҶ˵һ취ǾҸţܲܰˡ
УֵԪɡ
Ҷ컰û˵꣬ͱҶƽϵˣԶϴθ౻ɵ飬ҶƽǼء
֣ûµģССѣ˵ֻΪ֮飬ᵼԪҵġ
Ҷⷬ˵ǰ٣һЩʵѧĽʿԣ治ʲôܸʾ鷢֮ǰǰõӦӶ
·ҶϣôһĲףԭܼ򵥣ҶȻЩûʵʱİղô׼ġ
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ҶһռķʽѣҲʶһǷ׼ȷҪһǣҶԷ˵Ļɵĳ˵ӰȤҲǼġ
ǡðɣСһ㣬ӰͿӣշ˼ҹŻˡһ֮Ҷƽǵͷͬ
ҶƽԼҲȥģչվżֵǧԪͼ֮⣬ϵֻأҪ˿صġ
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ҶƽĻҶ˵Ц³嵽һΪȽʱֵ׵׵ĺϡ

ӰԺسǵչվľɲҶƽһµı֤֮󣬷ƳгҶչվ
һĵгһŤͷҶʵҶ죬ĻѪ֮𣿡
ҹһղűԺɶɳ˵ĴҲ˹ȻҲ¶ݣڳ֡
Ҷ֪ǵСͻֻҪԼǰоŷܿûˣѧŴ˵ģķļ˵Ӹ磬Ҹţͷİɡ
ãҶ죬Ҫû£Ӹţԡ
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źԼõʱ䣬Ϻ²гĶּӿ˼֣ƾɵгġǡ⽭С֮С
ߣ㣬˾򲻵Ʊˡ
ϵǵӰԺʱɫѾȫĴóӺҶӰԺƱĴȥ


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ڴСɽ³Ҷ˵ǰеһжģֻڴ￴¶ĵӰڵӰԺʶֻͣڴǲ෹С
ɴˣüأȻȥ֪ˡеƱҶڵӰԺſת
ʮĵӰԺʵҲǸ๦ܳϷŵӰ֮⣬ܵãǿʲôͶģô߹ʱó
ӰԺһǲŵӰģһϣӰԺſھͼˣ඼һЩ˫ɶԻߺˣŵӰƱȻżʼĵӰ
ȻӰƱƱֻһëǮһţһëǮѾԹһĿ˳԰µĽˣÿͥûǮġ
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ʱҲйӰԻ͵һʱڣǰӳġ¡һëǮһŵƱ۾ȻۼڵƱܶʮ飬ʱӰĺ̶ˣֻҪĳдѵȥ
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ҶȻСһĻ飬ټϳüĿģһ仰ŮϲˣҲĵ˸Ĵָڸѽ
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һ֮ǰķƿһĲҶʱоǰһƬ˵ֲָɣ˵òˡ
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ףǡ
Ҷ찴շ˵ģ۾󣬹ȻоǰûôˣվԭأͨǰĻɢĹһλϵͷ
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ʱˤˣԼģȻܵ˱˺ǻůҶߵŮ˺øо
Ҫ˵˺ǽԵֵģЩ棬һദҲǸͨѣЩżȻʶȴꡣ
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һֵͲĹԱҲ˹ӰԺÿ춼Ҫü飬оĺܡ


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ڣ˵ڴУһǿҵĹӰԺͶ˳һ֮˴ĻϣʱͣЪ
йʱĵӰƶȣʮϸģǴƬ⼸ǲܵģⲿ1980ӳĿƻƬҲȷûʧһƬͷõӰԺﾪ
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ǡǡ˰Ҳû˵ܲ˵Լϲӯ¶Էɣ
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ҶĻ˺һ˵Ӹ磬ȥʵҰ˵ġ
ҶССϣģҶԼ˵£ҶƽҲûгͷ
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ڶһ磬ϵǼʰߣ׷Ű峵չվ̶̵һʱ䣬ַƷͶչվԺӣ֧ȥǧǮ
Ҷƽͷ֮࣬Ҳϲе㲻һջ
Ҫ֪Ȼ֧ȥǧǮһתֽЩӪչվҲ׬ٿǮġ
ҽֻչվܱߵļʰߣسǵʰõĶһ𣬼ʹһ㣬һҲ׬üǮ
˵ˣԱҶƽҲһ
Ӽƻгת͵ҶƽѾֵʶڽᵱУڱ𣬵ȴĸ廧Ϊ¹
ǹЦƶЦ潵ĵһպֻҪǮݺ͵λ֮ģǸ廧룬û˻ȥˡ

ĿŻڿ˹Ǯ;֮󣬲ǷҶƽæת
𽫷ƷӪչվҶƽչվʰķƷһһࡣ
龰ֻάϵ죬ʰķƷʹˣҲǱȷԼȥյĶôһ÷ҶƽЩʼδ
һ죬ǼʰķƷһ峵أҲûȥӪչվô㶫ֵһ˰
Ҷ壬ô°
ϵʱ򣬷ͱЩˣ׻˵ɼףѡǰյջ÷Ѿˡ
ӣ֮ǰеֹ̫ˡ
Ҷƽͷ˿̣˵룬ڴҵԣûõĶҲӵģǰôƷҹƻǰģˣȻͱˡ
ʵܼ򵥣ҶƽĥҲǰ˾ŲʮЩʰõһٻỨǮշƷܶ඼ǼģǶϰڽƷܵõĶԽԽˡ
ô찡Ҷ壬ѧʵˣǸⰡ
ҶƽĻʱˣûķΣɲôѽ
ӣҲû취
Ҷƽһ£˵ɣķƷȲӪǱˣҲҪչվܣܲܰǱʰõ˶쵽
Ȿ֮ǰõģֻǰķƷ̫࣬һֱû˵飬ڷƷչϳ˶Ҷƽ˳
Ȼسǲ󣬵ҲмʮÿԺöʣºͱӵķƷԲȫһԶԶǰġ
ǰҶ˵ûҽͳȥЩȥ
ҶƽĻ󣬷һĴȣ˲óˣгܣʰõĴ඼ڼҪǻɰ죬ҲҲˡ
֣Ӹȥأ
ӭͷͷ˸Ҷ죬һɻ߽չվ⼸û˹ܣǲؼңҶƽҲ֪춼Щʲô
Сӣ춼Ӱ׸ȥˣҪѧˣҲҪˡ
⼸ҶƽʵҲ˲Ҷ죬Ҷݷһΰκͷˣ˵Ҳεġ
֣İɣеĿαҶòˣûʲôѶȡҶٺЦţҶƽõķ˶
⼸Ҷ춼ڶһ˸ɫ˵ȵĽֵϣЩ˰̯أɲҸϰ֣Ȼٲһٽѵ
ˣ֣Ӹ絽׸ȥˣҿɫãȥʲôѽղŴ˸棬ҶЩޣ̲ס׷һ䡣


039 
ȥǶˣ⺢ӣܳԿ࣬ⶼû˵еëꡭ
ҶƽһҲ׷ҶȥˣԺͰһƿˮŵơƣ֮ҶҲС롣
ͷһ˺ȵĴ඼ɢơǰиơƳۣһƿơֻҪһë˷ǮټϾƿҲܻǮɢơˡ
Ҷƽֱһ峵չվƷʰ߾һƿ
˵Щʰõƽʱûܳ˵İۣһƿơȻֵǮǸܵ˱صĸо
ټչվļǮҲܺЩʰһظ֤պķƷһȫչվ
ոܵһͷ󺹵Ҷ죬˹ˡһͽơƸȥСؿϰ֣˵úȣ֣ٸһɡ
СӣŶ㣬ƺҶƽЦһ䣬ǸҶֵ˰ơ
ҶƽȻ˺ܶѧڹŴҲǸ״Ԫ֮ˣľųǳүǣ黹ʮˬģһҳôظ
ҶûҴںȣյߺһСں¶һ飬˵֣ʲôơơƣȰ׾ƺúȶˡ
㶮ʲôүǣҪҾƣʲôãȶ࡭
ҶƽƲƲ죬һþƣʱ򣬾ͱſմ˾ƸǴСġ
ҲΪþƣʮ͵˸ӲǻҶƽΪҶĸ׵ͼìܣռżҲӵ籨ûܼʱ֪ȥϢҲһĺ¡
뵽Ҷƽɫǰ룬һľơ
ϰͻȻ˵ˣҶ֪϶뵽˲˵£æ˵֣ҸղſӸɫãӡЩޣ᲻ʲôѽ
ţ㿴׼𣿡
ȻҶĻҶƽ˼ˣ˵ʵչվûҶƽԲûзԷİΣǺĵġ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵û׼оܲã֣Ҫ֪ȥˣһɡ
ҶЩڣռļλᣬȫװ˷زʶ·ˣȴ޷ݷļס
ֻƾǸ࣬ҶҲҿ϶һ£ֻйӲ̫õĸоѡ
ҡֻ֪ȥǶˣȥҲ֪
ҶĻҶƽЩżˣСسǣû߳չվ·ԶǻǷȥҶμңȥҷ
Լһ仰øҶæ˵֣żӸô飬Ҳܶȥģͷİɡ
Ը˰ɣ⺢ӣ翴ôӸ磿
ҶƽûصҶһۣȻҶ˿Ƕڶӵı£ı˭
ҵʱûע⡭
ҶСһ䣬Ҳ˵ʲô˭еĵ۶׵·ȥЩɵ˿ȥˣ
ҶһٷԵľЩûûζˣҶƽƿơƺҲûԷͰ˰Ժſڵ
һȾСʱȥˣ۳ǸľʱѾָʮһ㣬ҶƽȴҲסˡ
УС죬ߣһȥӸȥ
Ҷƽ֪ӵı£˵õأź󣬾ҪҶȥѰҡ
֣ˣǷӸ𣿡
ߵԺſڣҶԶһǰŴŵĵطҲչվġ
չվû·ƣҶƽŰҼұرֵͲĵطȥһ֮²һ£ǣǸŮģҹﰡ
ӯӯ㣬ӯӯ㣡
ֵͲĹҶҲˣϺһ֮ӭȥҶƽЩĪʲôʱ˸㰡
ܵӯгʱҶҲӦ˹סӯгʵӯӯ㣬ô֪İ
Ҷ죬Ȳ˵⡭˴ˡ
ӯչվһ·ϣĿǲټо£ȴ˵ˣһֻųڵϣϢҶ춼õ
ʲô˴ˣǡ˭ɵİ
ոߵǰҶƽһʱһæʵ⡭λô£ҪҪ
Ҷʦɣ
ǰͷʱӯҶƽĻôôߣϹѧĸ߲һ˶Ļ˳֮ΪʦģԼҶƽҲ
˼ӯ˵ͷˣʮ룬ҽԺأ֪ͨǵġ
ҶƽҲоϵˣȻѾˣǾҪȥԺͽ΢һ£˵㡭һ£ϳһȥҽԺ
Ҷƽţݽһ۵ĵطóһװǮĴӣǴչվеǮˣĿǰ֪ƵΣǮûġ


040 飨ϣ
ҽԺԶԶ
ŴԺҶƽŷ֣չվеһгˣŮĳǶб˳ûǰҲ˵ֻܴһˡ
ҽԺ·أҶʦҪﳵӴȥɣҶڼˡ
ȻŮ֮ȽأڷҽԺ棬ӯҲ˲ôˣͷû̸ܲһҵҽԺչɣ
Ҷɣȥ
ҶƽҡҡͷһҪϵģ·ɽʮԣҲ㲻ʲô
ӯȻ֪λҶʦҪŶӣҶһտķȻҲ̫ʣµ˵ͷ˵ðɣҶ죬ӯӯ㡭
Ҷг˵ӯӯ㣬ѧгԺҴ㡭
Ҷ⼸쵹ѧﳵչվ˵ĳ̫󣬼һˣҶȥ͹Žŵţȥ²ʵˤ˺üΡ
˺֮ҲǽԵֵģӯҲ֪ԼΪζС׽УЦ˵ãӯӯпˣг
ҶôһӯĽǻ˼֣´Ҷ죬Ҷƽֵָ£ҽԺȥ
ؽ·̫ߣȼ˸ϵҽԺʱѾҹһˣǼҲûỹﴦˮء
Ҷ塭տҶƽпǻĺ
ȻµʱҲϲºʤ˴Ǹף˴ͷѪ
ҷ;Ͳس޿ģڼҶƽʱ񿴼һ㣬һֱŵᣬ͡ꡱص
ӣ⡭ô£˭ӣ
˵ʵҶƽϲΪϵķסˣԭǼ׸·˿Ҳ˺·ˡ
λͬ־ʡļҳ𣿡
ûȷػһиҶƽŤͷһⷿﻹŻɫˣڶؿڵĵطɲڴ
һһ٣Ĳʮ꣬һǸʮӣﻹŸӡ
ǹͬ־ɣǷ壬֪׷ʲô飿
˴ŵĶ仹мһĹϣҶƽǵݡ
һۣǸһؿ˵ǳǶɳģھŵʱӵ˴ܶŹȥֳҽԺˣҸ˵˵ɡ
黹Ҫӷ˵
Ƕ֮󣬷ЩʰõģסĶһЩеĸɴ˯ŵ£ҵüʰߣһĲ֪Щʡݵˡ
Ҵǿе֪Щʰ棬иͦߵģҪǵķƷԼǸͬС
·һˣԼȥǸˣ˺󣬷Լ뷨һ˵¶Ϊѵɫ
˵ߣϸһԭⶫһ飬Ҳиչվ˸аˣһ涨ЩʰõģѶǣҼ۸ıȹӪվҪ͡
Щʰ߶ˣǲЩصС꣬ڱ˼֮ҲֻűˣڷҪǵķƷȴҲͬ⡣
ôһ£ʱùģЩʰõǲЩˣҲǲ𰡣¾ؼҶƽһ¡
˭֪ոճҵţûϳӣӭ߹ˡ
ʱҲû⣬ųӺͼ˲Էһ˶ʹ˼ۣ⼸ֹ˼䣬Ǽ˺Ȼͳȭ
һû׼ķʱͱˣҲ֪˭ͷһӣѪЩ˾һɢˡ
Ҳ֪˭İѹ˾ҽԺˣʱʲôϵʱһһ뵽ľȻӯ
պǸϵĹʶӯӯϵҽԺȥչվ֪ͨҶ츸顣
Ҷ壬Ҷ壬ûЩ˰Ҳ֪Ϊʲôң
ľ󣬷ίغȻͷѪƤˣˮ֮󣬷ľǻָ˼֡
𼱣ͬ־һ˵ġ
Ҷƽ·ļʵͬ־֪Щ˵åץסûа
ûУǽӵȥֳʱ򣬾ʣһˣҪ˽õ
Ϲҡҡͷ˵Ǹʰõȥҹһ˶ˣҹҲûطȥңҪưֻܵõˡ
ҶҶʦ⡭ҪûµĻҾȻȥˣҶƽϹ˵ʱӯȻ˽
˵ʵϹŵĻӯĸĸͲģʹڣʱǹֵֹģͲûҽԺˣҶƽˣȻҪؼˡ
㿴ңллˣСȻȥɣһȥл㡭
·ϣҶƽҲ֪ӯͷĹϵ̸󶼲㣬ҹӯӰȷʵ̫á


041 飨£
ҶʦˣҺͷҲѰӯҶƽĻæ˰֡
ӯлллл㣡
ѡ֣ڲϵķѪȰ޲ǼСӳٺݵ㣬Լģٲҵźá
Ҫȥɣ
Ҷƽӯļ˽һ£ʡĹȥ֮󱻸ĸѡ
Ҷͬ־㻹ߣͷЩ黹Ҫ㣬һ¡
һԵϹҶƽĻ󣬿˵ɣСԣСؼҰɣ·ע㡭
ϣ֤񡭡
żүǣһؼģǸĹӦһͺӯ˳ȥ
ҶôˣǵģйŮһ·ʲô뿪ıӰϵķ˼
ûãעϾͱϹĻ˹ȥҶͬ־֪ʲôûУ
⣬ҶƽͲ˼ܼᶨҡҡͷ˵ûУͬ־ֻаһСƷչվҿ˻û죬ʲô˰
Ϲ˰֣˵˵ô϶ϸ룬շƷʱûкͱִ
ûУûУˣӣϲʶǼ˰
ҶƽϹ˵ǿ˷¶ԼûðҪӵͻƵġ
Ҷ壬ҲʶҴ󣬼˾ͺ磬˵ǰȵ̵ģ˭˭ѽ
ҶƽĻ󣬷ײΪ˱ͻ飬ǽС΢ֱϲ
ҪȻһûжĻޣʹиϾˣҲþܽʶڳԹҷŮ
ˣĻ˵Щ˵ΪıѾõģǺԩ޳ôֻأ
ϹҲЩͿˣôసӣûͷûԵģǵһΡ⵫ܶŹҪиԵɰɣ
Դӽ뵽һֱû˵Ҷ죬Ϲԩ޳֮ͻȻ˵Ӹ磬Ǻ˽ģ
ûаû˭ѽ
ҶĻ¶㯵飬ԭΪԼˣʰ߿ڶǳаƷչվˡ
Ƿϸһ룬Լǵһȥǰֲָԣû֪Ըȥİ
ҷʱһֱǸʰһҲûлȥͨ籨ŵġ
Щ²⣬ղŷҲϹ˵Ϲ˼һֲ֪ȥʲôģûԵ޹ʴġ
Ӹ磬ڵӰԺʱǼ˲ǺҪѵ𣿡ڷһԴʱҶ
ڵӰԺ˳ͻСӣ˭ͷʲôϵ
ҶĻϹ۾͵һ£ĸо˰ͻƿڣҶĻС
Ҷ̧ͷ˵үүҽҶ죬Ұְ֣Ҹ硭
ţСҶ죬˵˵ڵӰԺǺʲô˷ĳͻѽ
ϹҲȥշΪҶĸˣȤǷڵӰԺ˷ͻ顣
ǵλӸǳ˼䣬Ǽߵʱ˵ҪѵӸ磬Ҷۣˣûǡ
ҶʵʵĽ췢˵һ飬Ȼеģ鵹Ƕ˵ˡ
ҶĻϹüͷ˵⡭Ҳû֤˵Ǹɵİ
Ҷһתգգ۾˵Ӹ磬˴ʱ򣬾û˵ʲô𣿡
ûû˵ʲô˵ˣ˵Сţƣ
Ҷľٶһ£̶Ȼ˿ڣ֪ҶѰСӲһȻ˵϶ĵġ
ʱЩȷֵģǻѾˣ䡰ˡֱ죬ûԷ˵ʲô仰Ҳġ
СӣҪ˵
ϹЦЦһ⹤ˣԷ˵Ǽ٣ﵱȻˡ
ϹĻ󣬷Щ飬ͷС˵ҡҵʱôһ䣬Ҳ֪ǲˡ
ڷ˵Լ˵ʱҶͻȻӸ磬ҼǵõӰԺǻидСģһӣʱû
СⲻŮôܳһӣ
֪Ҷ˵ʲô߶ӵʱ͵һ𣬴˵ˣͷҵǸ˾ǳһӣ۽棬һûǸˡ
뵽һһȭԼϣЩʱجһ㣬Ժлطš
Сӣ侲㣬侲¡
еʧأϹæһѰס˵Ŀһ
ûۣҿú
ĻشϹ¶һ˿ȻɫܿóηԲ˵ˡ


042 ֻ
Сѣô֪Ǹ˾ͽдСأ
ϹȻ˷ĻȴϷŹҶ죬һְҵУоСе֡
үүڵӰԺ죬˽ǸӴСģֺ֣Ҿͼס˰
Ҷڳһģ˵ͻƭͬˣ˭ҪǽʲôóԵģ˵öҪСҶȥġ
ˣͬ־ڱ¼ǩ֣Ҫ֤˵Ķʵ
Ϲһ֮Ҳû׷ȥô˵ҶֻǸʮĺӣԼղſܲ˴
ȵǩֺϹֶҶƽ˵Ҷͬ־ѾüĿ죬ͻиʱҪСȥɳˡ
Ϲ˵üĿҶƽе߷߲ƽʵͬ־ܸǸС˭𣿾Ϊ˼ִڰ˴ô𣿡
ڻ˵
Ϲһ£˵ǻҪ˽һЩǵϢˡ
ϹĻҶƽҲ޿κΣСسûûʵģֻ㬵ذϹͳҽԺ
ҶƽصҽԺĻʿѾź˲ŷ˲
Ҷ죬ô£
ȵʿȥҶƽҿ£˲ţһס˶ӣղžͿ˶ߣֻǰϹڳһֱûʶѡ
֣Ҳֻݳ˽дСʮ꣬Ҳ֪
Ҷ˵ʵڸղŹʮ֮ռһԣȴȻǰԼӦǷϴεѪ֣֮Ӧ˽
֪ǲϴҶı˽ԭηܵˣҪ֮ǰһݳ࣬Īı仯ҶҲ޿κΡ
Ҳعˣҧгݵ˵Ҷ죬ڵӰԺˣĲǡ
ڷҴǴգǱҵֵܾжʮڴû˸ǣ˭֪سûãͷϾͱ˸ưô̲ȥ
շ뷨׼£ϼ˴ȥˣϸƤģ˻ܴ
Ҷƽ˷һۣ˵ˣӣ£ﲻ£ȹ˽˵
׻˵ǿѹͷߣ˵£ʲôܹҪԿģҶƽ÷СС;в̤ǿҪһӵ顣
Ҷ壬ҪǴȥҶûȥˡ
һȴҶƽĻˣʵһ£ҪǣӯǰˣҪҲسӣ±ӯЦ
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˵˼άΪŮϲܴƴе˵ģʵȻŮϲصкӣڷᵽһˣȴ֮ˡ
ҶƽĻЩɵʵҶ壬˵ģǡٴͰװˣ
ôܰװЩǸʲôѽˣСӺúϢɣҺҶ㡭
Ҷƽ˰ִ˷ĻҶûгôҲزȥˣϷģȷʵҲҪչˣɴԱ߲һҹɡ
ڶһ磬ҶƽȥӺͷ˰Ȼȥ˳ԺҲǷԼҪģסˮζҽԺоڡ
г챻ʱҲ֪˭͵ˣҶƽֻܻһǮ峵صչվ
⡭ô£
ûչվĴţҶƽ͸о˲ԣΪȥϵԺţʱѾˣԺЩƷҲ߰ɢһء
ҶܽԺһæͷ֣Ҳ˴ˡ
ˣ
ҶƽҲ˲÷ˣܽһʰõķ䣬ǻָԭеĶ˸һ飬½ŵĵطûˡ
ãǮˡ
Ҷƽһףڳ֮ǰеǮˣҪȻĻǶǮҲҪ͵ȥ
֣⡭Ǳ˸ˡ
ҶĻ÷Ҷƽһ£ٿԺκ󣬶ʱ˹
ԺЩưףȫ˸ˣΨһӻŴϣҲбҵĺۼС͵²ôûмԵĻġ
ˣǷĻʦǱֻܵ
ҶƽȻЩֵƵֻɫʱ䣬ݣǼտҲӣɽࡣ


043 
ϵҶЩֻյǷġɽˮͼҲˣЩ˻Ǹ
С죬ͷӴĶҪȥȥ
ΣҶƽҲֻܼڹˣԸҶ켸֮󣬼Ҵҵؾͳš
֣֣֪߰˭
Ҷں溰ļٵҶƽȴûֻβܾ콫Щֻһ

ɳչվǲԶ߰˷ӺҶƽɳſڣȴǱŵϴүסˡ
⿴ŵĴүеҶƽ˵˰죬ûףżүģҼﱻˣ˼ֵüĶ
üСӣʹɣһôûüءͷƲƲ죬ûҶƽָİ칫ҡ
λͬ־ûɣʲôֵֻǮ
ܣʮͷ䣬Ϊ˵ǺܺҶƽڶʧƷļֵʱǱͿŵͷһޣֱүһ㡣
Ҹ˵ֻжʮǳںͽ滭֣֮һƷ˵Ǯء
ţҶƽЩżȻϵҶʦԼ˼ʮĶ㶪ҲûȥԪˡ
Ҷͬ־żҶ˵Щ̫ΰĻҲֻǼǮһţ˵ЩôֵǮ𣿡
ǴӲתҵģطҲû꣬ǻᲿɵˣ඼ǳũ壬ֻҪ˼ʺ;ʹӲУĻûκεҪ
ǰǸä˲ӲͻѧϰĻȻǿֽܿˣǶҶƽ˵ʲô滭ʦѹδŵġ
ҶƽνֻͽЩʲô껭һʣ˿˵ʵԼӶѡ
ԱȻԹûʲôټӣҲ̰۸ܵ鴫˵ʵҵˮƽǲУϣҲŨʱӰ
ҶƽԼĹ۵㣬ȴǲţһʱ䣬˾Ȼ˭Ҳ޷˵˭
ģѰͻƿڻǺо飬һ֮󣬿˵СҶͬ־Ȼ˵ЩֵֻôǮ㣬ЩǴأ
⡭⡭
ҶƽǱʵһ㶣¶̫ýͣʵ˵ĻǾҪɽϵϵǣɳһ֤ʱ䲻˵ЩͲ֪ȥˡ
Ҷƽ֧֧ӣ˵㿴ҲǸĻˣôȴôࣿ˵Ⱥڼﶪˣܲ𣿷ҪѱʧƷ
ûлѱ˵Ķġ
ԼôۣҶƽǿЦã׼ʱͻȻһæ˵ʵ˵˰ɣЩֻǹչվͶ껵еġ
껵£ʲôˣ˸ﲻԼЩֵʵ
ˣǰʱ̽ףѾˡ
ҶƽҲǱƵû취껵ñӵĻǰλҶ顣
ˣ
Ų׼ˮһ⻰ʱסˣ²ʵЩֻλ˵ģ
ԣûչվұܵģȴǶˡ
ȻͷҶƽҲֻӲȥˣƭĺǿǺصģ껵Ѿʹ֤ʵĿǰҲǲʵġ
˵һ¶ʧƷƣ˵ˣдɣţдԣ
˵ģ̬ܵתˣ˵⣬ΪԴӸĸ￪Ҷ൱ӡ
ЩڸʷʱΪԭĻȣҲ˺ܶߣǻعҵڵľ÷չ
ʱڣݴһȣĲ˵СسͿһһ̵꣬иֽƷߵӦоС
ŴŽȥ򣬶Բ𡭡ֻʹù䷢ĻȾɼʱҶڹȵӳ̶ˡ
Щֻڹк̬˸һٰʮȴת䣬Ϊ֪¶õĻ˵ͻӰˡ
ҶƽʧƷдֽϣվ˵СҶͬ־ɣ¼ˣоԱȥֳʲôҪ˵
Լȥֳ˵£෴ΪӣҪڵһʱϼ쵼ȥ㱨


044 
Ҷ壬˰ôѽ
չվҶ죬ԴƵķҶƽһŹƷ˻æӭȥ
λɳ
Ҷƽһˣ˵λͬ־ȿֳˣû߶ɣ
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Ҷƽߺ󣬷ҶԺ½ŵĵطûУʵڲ񻰣ʹɨҶƽᣬ˲Ÿոոꡣ
λκҡͷ̾˿˵Сӣƻֳ֪𣿡
Ҫ˵ûŪҶƽλǽϵһۣǰ·ϵͳˣЩС͵һ۵֣ûһġ
ʮץʱ򣬹ȫķרңоλڹϵͳνǶ
ֻһҲʮˣٸҲЩģЩϵصϼСسˡ
ץһӵһҲûʲô׷찲ȵӡ
СسƨطƽʱûʲôӰ죬Ҳǵìܣ˭Ҳ֪Цеλרҡ
ɸҲΪ֮ƾٸߣֳȫƻˣչվƽʱҲҲʲôˡ
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Ҷƽһ£̶ЦԼǰʵȻˡ
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Ŷ֪ˡ
ϰֲԼĻҶ㬵شӦһתʱȴ¶һ˿ᶨɫʦĶ浱Сүǰ谡

ھǶӰԺԶĵطͬһƷչվչվλñȷǼҺöˣܶǾ˵ӪչվҲҪࡣ
ƷչվԺһյһߵĵݣ߰˸ŰӵˣΧڵµӱϣơƻȭһߺ⡣
һļվһơƾмǸӣ˵磬ţ˦ӸԺ˭ҲĻ
ҪǷĻ˵ϳԸͷһ֣Сҵģӣǵһȭϵˡ
СʵҲǶʮӣֻһӣȥʮһ㡣
һڽľƺȹ֮󣬴Сˬİ׳µ˵˵ʲôҴ类ԩ˳ǹӣҪΪң浱ҴǳԸɷİ
ڸղãǶĹҵչվѴСȥġ
СҲ޿֣ſھҪ֤ŤͷͺץˣһСֵ壬ǼҲֻ㬶ȥˡ


045 
磬ȻƣȥǼչվһȥô
ϴڵӰԺﱻһСӼԣ⼸ڼسǺܳԵÿ˺ǲˬü춼سתǸˡ
˵պУ䱩һ٣׷չվһǸղҲţ缸еаð˳
첻УĶȥҲ˲ҴӵġСҡҡͷųôʵ۶һ㶼١
ȻǴ˺˷չվûκĿ֤ˣκβǽȥ£һᱻϵġ
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СĻ󣬼СģȥʰСӣչվȥųɡ
ԣ缸ǿˣ㣬ûǮǲеģڱƲԺǮ˭ýǴү
Сһƣվ˵缸ֻҪңҸұ֤꣬˶ĦУС§š
Щûй˲ͬСǳа˳ǶƷչվµľӪҲ澪˵
ʵطӪķȣСҲ㹻ãֻĴûϣǾĥһЩаˡ
ڴҷչվʱ򣬴СԺð뷨Ҳسǵʰ߶ƷԼϾֻҪӴУ˭õ
ֻǴСøڹӪվļ۸չЩʰеķƷѼѹĸͣͿĲȡ
ҪЩʰĸԸİѶԼǾǲܵģԴСôˣԼĴ֣պΪԸ
˵СΪҲܶһЩҵԱ͸ͷԱڸɵ飬ԼʱִأûʶΪѾǺƵĳˡ
õˣ˴Ƹϴϰ±ҵΪʱȸһˣõģꪳɳڹǰʷ֮ˡ
磬û˵ģԺֵܵˡ
ǣǶѲ׾˾˲ģԺġ
磬İɣǾǸһשҪᡭ
ڴСһ֮߰˸˵۾׷װľƸɵظġ
Ҫ֪ڳ˴඼ڼ϶ģӲ˸ĸİֻ࣬ڼҵƽʱҪɾȱľǮ
Щʵǻˣĳ˵Ƚϵһ̨ǹսƬѪڣСһپƣҲͬǸж¡

Ҷ壬ôչվҵϢ𣿡
Ժг˳ȥûҶƽѳӷźãżѯ
չվҵ飬Ѿȥ죬ǶɳλϹȴǻϢ
ݷҶṩɳ˵ڶҵ˴Сʸڷ˴˵飬ҳĳλ쵼֤ʱ쵼ļ͡
һ֮ʺ쵼֤أȻͲö˵ˣλϹڻﻰָҶƽͷ䣬Сɲǵ֮
˵׼ȷһ㣬СĴСسλ
СĴ󲮽дٳɣǰ֯Ĺˣڸϼƶũ˵ϸǸҵͻ𣬾Ȼظίελá
λҲд۵ģٳɵ׵ܵܣһ䶷ɥӣǴСֵ
͵ʱĺܶ˲ͬٳȻҲһЩϸɲȺֶҪӸһЩñȥˣԼǳúܶ಻ϸɲΪڱԼ
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ܶ˶֪ʵڰϴЩˣܶﱻУһЩ΢صУǱ̡
ԭٳǿ԰ֶģȴǷ֮ɴ˿ɼĺһ档
ٳϥӣֻŮ˶иϹ֮Ҫ˸ˤ衱ԵǶԴСǳĺá
СҲǸ̾ӣȫȻ˸ֵ״󲮶йϵʹٳߵķǳͲûֱӹ̵ȥˡ
ٳɶΨһֶӻģֺǳʲô취һҷƷչվа
ȻʱȨͷôԣεĽ׼ԶǴڵģδ¼ڴٳ֤ҲûȥҴС鷳ˡ


046 С
һ氭ڴСıһǸΨһĿ֤ˣҲǳǶǸʰõǸʧˣһֻ޶ȵȥˡ
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ƲϵǼʮּ֮⣬ġɽˮͼҲǷģ˵չվĲƲҲһ˵ѽ
ֻĶʧҶƽ͵˺ܴΣٲ׷ĻպҶƽûȥϵˡ
Ҷ壬Ұٴû£ⶫ͵ˣҪ˵ɣ
Ҷƽ̾ӣЩżˣǷġɽˮͼֵüǧǮأڵʱһʾ޿
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Ҷƽ̾˿ȥɳõȫǻϢȻ֪չվǴСģû֤ݣǰû취
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׻ᣬվߵ˵ҪǾ֮أУҪȥɳȥ
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Ҷƽȥæ˰֣ɫֱ䣬ҧҧ˵ֵܣҶͬ־¡ҡҲƷˡ
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Ҷƽͦ׳ʵһӣ˿̿޵ƵģȻ췢İŻˡ
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Ĩ˰ᣬͷ˵ǰЩ˵ˣƷҪǻǵĻҪһС
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ҶƽĻɬҡҡͷ˵ݶûУ˭ǵĻ
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ֵܣҶͬ־桭ǶԲˡ
վҶƽͷؾһҲ˶˵ĺĨ뿪չվ
⡭ôѽ
ߺҶƽͷǳɵۣûͷƷûȥ˰


047 ɽ
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С죬ȥӸˮ
ŷºҶƽ˵ӣҲ𼱣ȥͳսͬ־ٷӦһ£һˣ⻹ǲǹ£
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Ҷ壬˵Ǻƴ˰ɣ⡭Ҳ̫̫ˡ
һˮѪˮ³ɺӿͷԭһװٴˣ˭֪Էȴǲƣ·Լˡ
飬ǲôϾɱģСΪҲ˷еҰԣھŻټ֣ȻسǱѩޡ
ӣ׼˵ƴʲôƴ
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ٵȵȰɣͳսǱߵͬ־ء
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Ҷƽ׼ȥĵطˣѡϺԵõںȻİܰҶ
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ֻǵȷãɫڵʱҶ컹ûлҶƽЩżƽʱӣҶӦûؼ˰
ǳԲǴöӣҶƽҲûʲôð취Ц˵ӣˣʰȥȳԣһ١
Ҷ壬ٵȵȰɣʲô
ʰӵʱͻȻдֵֽ˳ְ֣Ӹ磬һɽʦȥˣͻǱż
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Ҷƽһеҵֽϸһ飬ûȷǶӵıʼ
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СӾǻңʦʲô취
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ɶȥϵ˵飬ҲҶƽ˿ôֻԼϣҲЩϵ


048 
Ҷʱչվ͵͵ģԼһܵվŵϵƱȻ·һ硣
ڴ·ϣҶǳĺãȻ¿ƽܸоҪȳİ·ȥ̤ʵһ㡣
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С죬ڳﻹðɣأ
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Ҷڴһ¶棬ͱ˸ΧǽҶ챧ڻֱ⺢ûԺãߵʱ˺öࡣ
ү裬Ǻá
ҶʺһΧĳ˵һʦģҰû
⺢ӣԶľ͸ԼܻûԷɣߣؼҳԷȥ
Ҷȥ˭ҳԷ⣬Щĵ˺һᣬҶȥҡ
ȻЩͨķˣҶԵĸ㣬극ѶֶյСˣһ֮Ҷһɽȥ
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ʦˣԺ󶼲ˣ㡭Ҷ˲ϵЦһͷʦ
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۰᷿޽ģ˽µģЩμҾߣϵʮһֺƾɵĸо
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ϵȻֱضԼҶЩĪ̧Сϵǰ˻Σ˵ʦôˣҿû˵ҪȢѾͷ
ʦû£СҶӣֲʦˮ
Ҷһϵ˹˰֣ɫ˵Ҫ֪һУȱһ֮˵Һܻܿյġ
ʦѽҲڣʷϳҺԬׯǻ꿪˵ˣʦ㶼һٶˡ
ҶʹҡҡͷȻһ仰û˵꣬˼ԣϵⶼһٶˣ۲ȥˣҲǵյġ
˵ĺã˵еû뵽ʦû޿Ŀ
ҶĻϵЦԼһڼ㣬ȴˡףˡֻҪһΪֺαغ¶˼أ


049 ɱ˺붯ǹ
ڷˮȢһ˵ҲǾԵģƳԬƱͼ磬檾жãҲûΪй©Ǵ
ˣ˿Ƽɱεִ˵͸ΪˣԪ֪ʱͬУҲ檣ζġ
Ҷڷˮϵ츳ֻҪϰԼ̵ĵöĿмʹպʲô⣬ԼҲԻġ
뵽ϵĲȤؿҶ죬˵СҶӣɽɲʦİɣ˵ɣǲӵˣ
ԪȻûҶǰڷˮϵѾǲͽˣľ飬Ҷ޷ġ
ҶƽͷȥسǵʱϵͿˣȻ˺ͨӡ޳С࣬ܵõҵϻһġ
ϵԼ⣬Ҷ첻ѹ˼˵ʦչվ⣬͡ЩֻҲˡ
ʲʲôҵЩֻˣ
ϵ̩꣬ɽǰɫ䣬ǵԸ˴͵ֻȫʧԣǾ
ϵԣʲôٻѲںˣЩֻȫѵ꣬ϵԼƽԼǵһ׷䣬ָԶǮƿԺġ
ҶͷС˵ʦԲչվûˣ˿ӡ
ȵȣʲôչվǸӲǿĹ𣿡
ղϵעЩֻˣҶڶ˵չվԴҶĻ׷
ʦǹҲӸֻܿ˸Ʒչվ
ҶƽʱҶûô⣬ֻܴŵ˵һԭί
ֵģʮʱϺǹ꣬Ҳû˵ܿ
ϵҡҡͷĲΪȻǶôأ㵱ʱûһ£Ǳ˭͵ߵģ
ϵ֪ҶĿ£Լ̾磬Ҷ㲻Ҳʧķλ
ʦ˭͵֪س桭
¶Ҫͷ˵ҶѷʹСڵӰԺԹ͸ȥҽԺ̽ӣֻʧԼСıͷβ˵һ顣
ʦҰֱ˰ռһԣû룬ⰸӸƵģֻǡֻҰ
Ҷ͸˵⻰ʱȴǱҶƽѵһ٣ûϵǰҶǵڶ˵
ϵԶҶƽҪ˽ʣҶ˵СıʱѾ³ȥҡͷ˵ѧеģҲ̫һ׻˵жĥͨټҽ£ңңඡ
ʦô죿ҰֺͷӸ綼ûˡ
Ҷ̧ͷϵҪ˵ôʲôˣǰλһкݵϰ֣Ҫˡ
Сӣô죿ʦǿޱİɣϵЦſҶ죬˿ƺЩֻʧѾȫ黳ˡ
ҡҡҶСȭͷ¶һ˵ʲôֲ˵ӡ
ʲôң˵ûأ
ҶģϵɫȻ޵֮ˣͬҲ֮ˣжһŭɱˣҪ֮ѪҶ죬Ҫסƣ鲻Ҫհǰ˺Զɲ˴
Ҷƽϵⷬƿ϶˲ʲôϰףֱӾܺϵƴˣϵЩȫƽ̵ҶΪƵ۷ˡ
Ҷ죬Ҳϵⷬŵòᣬ֪ǰͰ׵ʦΪͻȻ仯ʥ۾ˣſھǴɱɱġ
ɡʦҡҲ򲻹ǰе
ҶͰ͵˵ȻС͵Ƥ۸ŮͬѧʹȥҶ컹м֪֮ġ
ҶȻö⣬ɼûҪͱⲫ˼Ȼ˼깦ϸ첲ϸȣҲԲĴǴѽ
ϵվһڣЦЦĿҶ죬Сӣ浱ʦϺͿʦɱˣֺ붯õǹ
ϵͲʲôŮڿսǻᣬϵСûһҲаʮһ˵ﶼ˼ɱ
Ҫ֪ϵȻϴǵʿķΣ̳еȴһ͵ҡ徲Ϊ˴󡱵˼ѹûëǮĹϵ
ʦ˵Ƕˮ
Ҷ۾һˮһɲլˮɱˣլҲǺܲҵģֵǰ㣬޽˸͸ʧ


050 
ҶĻϵÿɷЦ˵СҶӣ֪͢߹٣գΪʲô˸ҵˮʿ𣿡
֪ˮɸĹˣСɲԱ˶ҵҶشúܸɴ࣬Щֹһδʦˡ
ƳʼһֱˮʦԼʿڳ͢ڽ䣬Ǳ磬ӹ񣬷ˮɱ˵Ĵ˵಻ʤɲǿտڰ׻ġ
ϵ˵ͷ˵ûȻ˵ʩɷɣֻǼֻͨҪɱӰһΧڣƼˣǶС
׻˵Ϊƣ꿹սʱϵéɽˮɱ֣ʮձʿ޶ڻǸհ
ϵĻҶʵʦʦͨˮ˵𣿡
ǺǣˮʦͨҲһģΪƵͬҲ˵ģʦôˣʲôû
ϵЦȴһ£˵ʮǰˣʱںϡ
Ҷ˼ϵ˵ԽһӣԾʮǰʱ֮С
ʱйս֮Уȥ
Ԫһ·ϵʱ򣬽һճµĸУϳԷʱȴǻ˼ҵСЩŹ֡
Ск꣬ͷϣǳһ״֣һԲ͹ӣǳʼⳤΣһöƤһ㡣
ϵʱͼΪ棬ӸĸǼе׷˺£ʱǻɫѿϵ׷£ľ˵˳
ԭǰ˼ҲССҵʱңϸĸսɥ
ֵΰḸĸʱ򣬼һԳϷˮʦˡ
ʱ̹ԱܻˣзָһѨֻսÿ˽ǧټƣ㰲£һѨȴʽ
ƱȽѣԴ¼ڵطʲڤָɼȥëԼѼѨָ¼ֵ԰Ḹĸ
˶ԣ丸ĸڴ˴ô֮ڣ¼ұض󸻴
˵Ļ󣬳¼ҶֵΪĶֻǼҲƦˣƳ͵ʦ
һ˴ӦʱֻɴΪѣȳ¼ҷ֮ȡƽ˫鶨ǩֻѺ
Ȼͬƶϵǰ㣬ڶ̶̵䣬¼ֵܵԽԽ¡ֻ긴һ꣬λָǵĵʦȴûг֡
һֱڰ˸ͷʱһԳǵʦֶӣԭʦһǰȥˣǰֶƾ־ǰ¼ȡ
˵ƽڴʱĳ¼Ҳʲô¼ֵһ֮ʧ壬ڻԼϳϵ顣
ȻϴӦɴ˫˳ͻִг¼ֵ˶࣬־˺ãô±ƾ޾
˼²Ϊȥȥǰһ仰ˮΪƣͬΪСǼ۱
¹ȥã¼ҵȻһǧɣǣ϶ӣԴ϶˸ò
¼ֵ֪ô£ر˸ƻˣ˲ٷˮ͵ʦǰ죬˵Ȼ
ó¼ֵܺڲѰȴټ
ľ֮ϵСϸͷλãʱһˡ
ǳҲɫϵ˼ӣ¹ڵأֱϵȥӵĶˡ
ƽĶۣ³¼ֵܻԼȣֶƻˮںϵԭǲµģǴӦ
ڶһ磬ϵϳ¼ȥ鿴ˣڷĹ׵ĵ£ڳһöûƷŵ糤ⶫ¼ֵʲô۱ˡ
ʱϵӵĶ֮󣬾͸뿪ˣشһЩֽţȴûȥܣϾԷŵ¼ҵܴѡ

ʦİ
ϵؽߺҶ첻ԴԼͷҲ治֪ˮӦ˹˲·˵Ȼۼˡ
ҶĻϵȻʧЦʦƭСҶӣ֪ӲЩҽ˵ʧͻͬ˫լ⣬Ҳ˲ðġ
ţе
ҶƶǶص˵ͷȻ뵽Լÿ֮ۿʱ֯һ澰


051 ֮
ѧ˵з˶ŵġġġȵġĶԾֹġصġ½ġġްĶ
ᵼ˻ʹֻ̩尲޲֡
ϽլӰ죬ȫġ
ڷݵӦãҲǰ֮ġ
ǧǰѡס԰ȫΪǰᣬʴ˶ѡƽϸ߲ܵˮвĵطΪ˱ܷϮѡ˱֮
ֺϢϢصѡںСԾЩһݱһרѧ
ִһᵽˮΪ⽨ţò˵Ǳĳһضʱڸħˡ
˼һϵĻҶѻ⳶˷س飬װһԺӣ˵ʦ˵ǹ½լֲ֪մȥƻ
СӣҸղ˵Ļ㶼ûȥ
ϵƽʱץõҶͷϾһǣҪլˮΪ״ȥҿˮˡ
ʦ֪ģ֮ǰ˵ǽɣҲȥ˵ˣûʲô飬һʲôӻأ
ֱʱҶŰĿĸ˵˳˵ϵۣҪҶδ˸Ķˮ֣ûϵе㲻ʵ
СӣʦɽĨǵģǷᡭ
ϵһٶ꣬￴ҶС˼һʹ˹ȥʱ۵Ҷ˵ʦǴӦˣ
ҴӦʲôˣ
ϵҡҡͷ˵Ҷ죬֪Ϳ㸸״в˳Ϊȴû˵𣿡
֪ʦ㣬µõҶѵƨʹš
컬࡭
ϵûҶ죬ԹԵ˵㸸״˴νǣȻ²˳͸ź⣬Ȼйϵĵġ
ʦس˭ʶĶĹ˰
ҶԳԾŴ죬˰죬ƺҲֻʶǼʰĵģĪǹм䣿
ԶߣǰҶĻϵ߶߶һ䡣
Ҷ챻ϵĻһһСָָԼıӣʵʦʦ˵ң
û
ϵ˵ͷ˵ȻǰΣ࣬ȧǿʶȣü۾˵Ĺ֮ࡣνˣһԾһһǧȻ仹Сﲻ̶ֳȣ㸸ǣûʲôġ
ϵһ֣ʵŨ̬һԾĳЩ˴ʦˣڣĻʹ
һȻմȨĴٹˣϳһΪڵݵλϰԺ״̬۵ơ
һǧ˵ǲƴֵĸ֮ˡ
ʦҲ̫ţ˰ɣ
СҶ챻ϵ˵ѪڣԺԼôţưҶͿ˵ʦ˵û׽ɽҪӣʣǮˣ˵ЩҶ߰
ϵҶһۣ˵Сӣû˵ھͿԣȷй֮࣬Сѣûκġ
ǡʦ˼ôģôȥҶ˵ζˣʦԼ˸ĪĹ֮࣬ǲְ
ţӿɽҲˣסһҹɽɡ
ϵۺ룬ڳһ˵Ҷ޲ϵĵưĺӸˡ
ֻǻûҶ츶жϵһڴ˵о˵˯ɣү˯һݣ˯ߡ
ʦ治֣ϣҶ쿪ʵ
ʦҶôˣڲ˰ϵĻشܼ
ҪҸɳʲôŭԹ飬ҲܣҶˣ
Լʦ£ҶɶǸʦѧģϵĻشҶֱ
һһУϵҶһ˫۾ȥȴô˯ˡ
Ҷ֪ʦƢҪ˵ˡ֣ƾôȰ˵ıģԼ˳µõˡĴ֮⣬ǰˡ
㲻ȥԼҲС
Ҷ˵һ䣬ܿ־ͨլˮĸ̬ۣҶƾԼı£ҲܰѴҸüȮ
ڶһ𴲺˵Ҷ쵹Ҳû¶ɥɫԹʦյϡ࣬ʹǱϵɽˣصһᣬȥϵص˳
ֻҶ첻֪˴ԼһСʱϵһɾصۣ˵۵ĴţҲ֮ɽˡ


052 ϣ
֣һˡ
صƷչվʱѾˣҶСԴ߽ɽʱȫͬˡ
ҶƽҲû𣬵ؿһƵĶӣ˵£Էɡ
Ҷ͵ۿ¸ףоǱǰƽŷСĵĶ룬ССڵŷȴҲҶˡ
Ҷ죬ԲˣôԲ˰
ǴҶһݣ۰Ͱ͵ˣڵĸҶŲˣɳǱʧȥϣ¾͵ҶܴʲôϢء
ȻзԱߴٷǳԵޱȳƣԱ֮Ҷæȥʰ꣬ķĿɿڴɶʱСôڿ
Ҷ죬
ҶԺĥŲݵʱҶƽһԹԵ
˵ɣʦǸʲôЩֻҶƽ֮꣬һѰġ
Ҷƽ⻰Ȼ˵նʮ㣬Ҳ֪Լ֮꣬ϵδػܼõ˿Ѿһٶ˰
֣ʦû˵ˣж񱨣⡭
Ҷû˵ʵҪǱҶƽ֪ʦȥʹ÷ˮֽ飬ϰֱӾҸӰ˩
Ȼ˵ֻǶԲ˼Ұ
ӵĻҶƽɫԺÿһЩʵʦû˵ˣ
ͷһҶƽɳưļʣѾǲϣˣ֮ĬҶȥʦʵҲǴôһ˿룬һϵа취أ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵㣺ûУʦֻ˵ܻ࣬йľû˵ʲôˡ
ʲô˰
ҶƽЦһʮһֱܲ˳ʧܼͥͣ廧ҲżÿҪɲȥˡ
ˣͱˣȥͳսɳ
Ҷƽ˿ҲڶǰʲôˣûĻչվҪŴˡ
֡
Ҷ죬ջ˵Сĵ㡭
ҶƽӵԴͷ˸к˳ȥȻ֪ȥ˲һнôһϣɡ
ϰߺҶ־ŷ˵Ӹ磬ȥӯɣ˵Ҫﳵӵġ
ҶĻ󣬷İ˰֣˵ɣȥ˯ᣬ̫ˣû˯á
ǷȥӯֻԾչվϾҪɲȥˣԼһũسһ֮ضûˣʲôȥ׷ӯ
Ӹ磬ǲǻڵչվ飿ҶһС˵Ŀǡ
ⲻǷϻҪôͺˣʲô¶òġĽҶ죬ÿģһ㷳նûС
ҶͻȻʵӸ磬ǸʲôСסʲôط֪𣿡
֪ô³£ֲҴºˡ
ûشȥСķƷչվüˣֻ춼ģܶ඼ǲĵСåҲûӿ
Ҷ䣬С˵Ӹ磬ȥɣҾа취ء
ֶû취Сʲô취
˳˵һ䣬Ȼһ£һסҶ죬ʵҶ죬ǲɸ˵ʲôˣʲô취
껵ȥ֮ǰǧҪҶ쵱СӿҲҶʲôҪ󣬶Ҫȥ㣬㲻˵ĻԲʳ;绰֪ͨ
뵽£ҶѰҾѷĹ¶Ҳ˷ͷʶԼǰСӣδؾͲܽЩ˶޷飿
Ӹ磬ȥǱ߿ˣǸСסĵطҲ֪ɣ
ҶҶ죬סĵطҲ֪ܴ졭Ͼܴ
ҶûлشĻ˼ȴ÷ũкܶڷˮʦĴ˵ֶĪ⣬ܽչվء

Ӹ磬
һСʱҶʹŶñķ˴Сչվ棬˵ʵĻҪǱǿˣΧסһĺ֡
͸ĴţԺĴСҧгݵ˵ԣǸźӵ˾ǴС
Ҷû˵ʲô÷ԶһЩԼչվǰתڳС٣ûʲô˵ע⡣
Ҷп֮ϵ̵լһ̲֮סֹһõطķˮǱǿ̫ѽ
СչվȫݴԺ䷿źԺŵķ򼫼ѣݿȴӣԿػػƵĽֵǲ漰ķˮ֡


053 䣨ϣ
ΧŴСչվתһȦ֮Ҷҵ˶һ̯λķ
Ҷ죬ôʲôûУ
ȻҶû߷뷨ǷҲ³һ㣬Ҷ뻵˴СķˮӶʹù˵ͷ
Ӹ磬չվˮѣΧҲûɷأð졭
ҶСһЦݶûУչվԱ߲ԶسֵֵҽֵӶӦˡˮ֡ķˮ֣һҵء
ʹҶܿķֲһЩСֶʹʧҲֻչվ˲ãȴ޷ӸϽġ
øҵֶθıΧˮ֣ҶѹûȻ֪ôȥֲҪıһЩΧҪһЩݽͲҶõġ
Ҷӣǡô찡ѡѵǵչվҪ˵ҶĻ󣬷ᶼˡ
Ȼ⼸ȥշƷˣǰ׬ٲ˵λ˴Сǻˣÿ죬ٲҪٴ
ҶҲû뵽ԼڿȥˣȴôҲֻܰοӸ磬𼱣ǻа취ġ
ҶٳҲǸӣ̵Ҳйڷˮһ֪ʶҲ취ĻͨСҲûʲôˡ
ʲô취ǳˣеٵݣô޺޵ؿŷƷվĴţʹǸ˿ĭ
ˣ˵Ǹ֮ܺаԵΪ󲮵ԭϰסʲôطɡ
ҶȻ뵽һ£СסչվҶ첻֣ǸٵĿ϶סɣ
Ӹ绰е˼ǵٵľմĺ̨ùˣС϶Ҳ䲻ãĶ˵լˮԶȸĶķˮ׵öࡣ
ܰɣҪȻɳΪʲôץҶ죬ģһȥ
ͷЩҶƽ۳ģҲ֪СĴ󲮾Ǹʲô٣һսǸµũ޶ԣ糤ǴĲٴĹˡ
ȥҲûʲô·ҶչվԼǳȥӯˣû취ٳסĵطЩʰõҲûð

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Ҷ컹ûԺӣͿ˴򿪵ԺţͷһҶƽѹˮߣüͷ֪ʲô
ôܳȥˣСӾͲʵ죬浱Ӳǰɣ
ӽҶƽüͷˣҶһۣʵأȥշƷˣǸ˵ͣ𣿡
ҶƽҲ֪С˵飬ǰ˳ûûصģҪٰһٴû취Էĸĸˡ
Ӹȥӯӯˣ֣ҲҪ̫ˣʦ˵ˣж񱨣Щ˵ⲻ˶õġ
׵ɫ˺ܶ࣬ҶҲЩۣ֪ϰΪԼѧسģȻСɽ壬ظ׻ɣ
Ҫж񱨣Ҳûô˸Ϊˡ
ҶƽҡҡͷҶĻлһϣϵ˵׼أ
һСʱ󣬷ҲˣҶƽҶʹ˸ɫȻӵӯ׼仰õġ

СǵίλڳϣȻͳǶֻһ֮ȴǸλۼĵطȻҲسġ
ίĺ棬һȦ߸ߵΧǽס˵ĴԺǽϳɫǽȵļ͸һ
ԺķӲֻ࣬ʮධС¥ÿ¥м䳤˸ߴľΧǽһˮӵ档
ٳɾסίԺ棬ÿ켸ҹؼҲͬ⼸մٳһ°ʱ䣬˼
ϴ⼸ôˣû¾ʹ鷿棬Щɻʲôÿİ
һʮĸˣһݿéɽ壬ƿ鷿ţϺҲŴϵǷ
ٳɽʮ꣬ǰ㣬˸ǸеĴͷ޽Щ֮⣬ͷںһƬҪʵʮ꣬ȥòá
ͷʶ̵ǣ㶮ʲôĻǮġ
ϰĻ󣬴ٳ¶һ˿ı飬쵼ǰǫѷʧһɶܲͷػ˻֣˵ȥԺ׼ҵ鷿ˣЩֻ飬һֶ׼˵
ϰӷ׵߳鷿󣬴ٳüͷԺ뵽ίǸеԵģСеһȡ


054 䣨£
СȻ£Ļ֪ϲղֻ棬ûһ
ϺԱ߹ֻٳ¶һЦݣѧߣдѧҹУ͵УϵģǶڹֻļͣмʮĹˡ
ٳ֮ǰϹУǸĻˣҲδԼʱ˵ݡ
һŴֱϯȫķ糱󣬴ٳƾųƶũĺЩƣں̵ܶʱڣͳΪسǵ߹ߡ
ڴٳһֱڼĻˣǾְȨıһЩҵĹֻ˽ö֮Ѭճһ
ҳеĽٳɽͱӵΪӵ¯࣬αҲΪպ;ƽ˵·
ǵĸ￪ŵʦɲữĿںź󣬵ʱʮͷĴٳɣ˳µسΪСسǵʵȨ
ȻٳҲ㹻ĴۣǾֽԼֶ˶ͷ̨
ⷲԵģ쵼ͬٳɴ׵ľٶҲ쵼Բ˻ɣȽϴСﲻ
ټϵ귢Щ£ǸմȾһЩ۵㣬Ŭδ֮󣬴ٳǿˣԼпܾͻλȥ
ûϽĶһ֮󣬴ٳҲ˺ȥαƵĿ
˰Са˳ǶķƷչվ˵ٳ˼֤˹ŵߣϾ׵Ϊɱס˺ܶ˵۾
ڴٳɶԣЩС£ͨԼزŵȨԼ˽С⣬Ҳ
Ȼĳÿ촩ĶأԵҲܼ򵥽ʡҶԣ¾ǳ֮ΪسǵһҲΪˡ
ҴٳɻͨԼġ˸ôΪģίһ֦֮ƵǸŮˣôĳѿԵС
ȻٳɲΪһͨԱΪܵҵȹİ칫ҸΣһֽ쵼ܵĳɼ
ʲôҲʲôˣһӵıһǼǳ׵飬Ҫ䣬ֻҪһλ㹻ˡ
οٳɱԾͲŮ˵壬ǮջĸоǰС΢ļʮ꣬˻ر

ڰʮڵʱ򣬵ҲڼͥеģǻûпյϣϲֻǾ·ߵ·´ƣʡԼҵĵ粻˵ĥʱ䡣
ڿίſڵ·޵ҲǱȽϿ·ƶҪȱһЩȻҲۼ˲ϳˣȺĴ˿ˡ
˶඼ԣϾͼ֣˵ֽǶשͷЬĿӮҲ졣
ЩƵΧųɳϳ۵СĿ˻Ǯһ֣Ե֭
ǻӵĸŮɨѽӶɨһûؼϴһ£ɹɺһ˾ͲûǮȥˡ
Ҷ죬ſվڵģôȥ
ίסҴԺŶ·ϣҶ쿿һ߸Ӵڽš
Ϥϵ˶֪ķڶ࣬һ˵ĻһҲԼĶԻ
Ҷ쿴һ۴ԺŷıƲƲ˵Ӹ磬ǽȥԼȥ
ǲУһһҪǱ˴ô찡
ҶĻ󣬷Դҡǲ˹һ㣬úӯҶģҪǳʲô£ûҶ彻
Ӹ磬Ϳ˰ɣһû͵ûģ·ˣ˭ܰô
ҶЦС¶һģҪǱʶ˿һ׼ΪǸʵɵĺӡ
˵ҲǣҪȥץסǲ˵ء
һҶĻô¿˵ȥأ⿴˴Ƶ㡭
ãӸͷİɡ
Ҷ˵ͷ׼ԺǱߵʱ򣬺ȻһͷӴԺﾶֱ˹۾һ
ͷԼʮ䣬ǹǵƣͣǸã帣ࡣ
Ҫǣͷ߷һ˿ƵĺۼҶһ۾ܿԺʱ䣬ûгڡ
ȵͷ뿪̯ӺҶӺ׷ȥүүҰһɣҼҲס棬ôû
ҶĻͷʶľΪҶԺĺӣЦ˵ĶүүǸסģҪǿҲŲأԸ϶ҪǮȥ˭ҵժС
˵Ż߽ίסҴԺһͷǸմȥģҶ˵ЦģǸӣڿſڱƵֱӾͷˡ
Լס¥ǰͷкҶӣҳԿϰɣ
ˣүүټ
ĺӾò
ͷЦſҶһ䣬ת߽ԼҴţȻûǰСǵʱ仹ûء


055 Ź
ķˮܲƽסľˣҲմȾЩ
ȵǱϵͷһС¥ҶŴԺѱ澰ɫֱʹ˿Ԫ˫֮С
ţķˮֱ˶
ȻҹʢҶȻԿطֲȳƣЩɷѹΧǽ䣬طƺΪĶĺۼ
Źͼ
Ҷϸһ֮¶һ˿ݣû뵽ʦ˵ĽʧһɣȻ
νŹΧƵȺ彨ĵ㣬ҳϡԼϡϡ˸λĵйλϳƾŹǡ
þŹλ֮֮УǾŹ󷨡
Ҷ쿴ν֮ʵͨʹ侮Ȼ򣬶Լ˳ѣȴ˵еô
ڽһˮɣרԾŹԽϱǣзˮԼݣڽǰˣϵ֪ûб
ԣŹͼǲȱģϷλѾƻˣӦЩͷˡ
ҶһÿȥаĴϣִһ֮жʱȻ
Ҫ֪ڷˮ֮УһһľãҶôλ
վϹҶȴ֣λűΪƻˣһʯͤ
ҶƶϳԺǰӦĳλ˼ҵ˽լ˼ķˮʦ˾ŹͼʱǨƾССķˮҲѵƣ⻧˼Ҳǰ߾ưˡ
ڵĴԺˮֵĻ޽ģں˲ˮλķˮֽһЩĶ
ﱾǷˮѵڣȻŹͼˣ˵˳̻Ƿǳõġ
ˣôˣϽȥȻϰҪżˡ
ҶӴͻֱ֮ԺĵĶС¥ȥշϢǸٳɵӦþס
һﵹǺΧǶԺС¥תһȦҶЩޡ
ڷˮѧ˵У˷ġϢЩͬġ»ı仯С֮֡
ٳסⶰС¥ϷλķλɽݣȻݼˡ
Сү㵹ù
ҶҲ̲ⶨλֱһ˫ҳ˼λãֺһ֮ص˵ͷ߳˴Ժ
ſڵıԱȻȥʸӣص·ҵҶ첻Цһ°˺üֽ˴˿ء
̧ͷҶˣһѶƣóɢһȦ֮˵缸ˣҪؼˣ桭
·´ƣʶģҲų·ģԷȻ˶ЩҲû⣬кɢ˺üȦ̵СӾ档
ڰʱչվгˣǲйģȻҲҪ·ؼˣո߳Զ̲סʵҶ죬ô
ؼҰɣӸ磬СӣţС֣á
ҶС¶ЦݣһĪӣ˵¶ʮ¾ܽˣˡ
ģ
ҶĻ󣬷Ǹոպȥһƿơƣȶˣ˵һѱҶ죬Ҫؼҡ
ҶΪʲôӣܴûȥʣʶҶֶΣȥ˼ʮ˶ҳԸһȻڻˡ

֣ȵ죬ô׾ˣ
ҶͷصչվʱѾҹһˣսݾŵһŨҵľζȴҶƽ߶һء
ơûƺãӣҪҪҲһڣ
ӺͷҶƽǿ¶һ˿ЦݣⴿڽԽԽ
չվҲˣʧֻպпһʰ߲Ʒȴסչվ
չվĵλòãΧҲûʲôסһָƷԴСһ֣ǽչվ˾·
Ҷ壬ҵľɲ㣬Һƿơƾˡ
ʰ׾ƵζæҡͷˣͷǽƿơƣҲûӣֱҧˡ
ţӣôô˰ǹӦ̸ˣ
üǼϲɫҶƽˣЩ֣Сӵ˼ҪԼҪأŵʱ򻹿Ÿء
ﲻסҶƽѯʣüɫ˵Ҷ壬ûе£Һӯֻأ٣㲻֪չվоմĵɪ˼ˡ
ȡȿȣ
ӣҶæװűˮǺͣؿ


056 
ë꣬ˮҲ֪㡭
Ҷƽص˶һۣעĻȥˣҲûעЩС
ѵҶ켸֮ҶƽĿת˷˵ӣС׼ʲô˵ˣôñȥ⡭
ҶƽҲʮˣ֪һԲϾȭ򣬸οҲǸ壬˵þܲί׼ܵġ
Ҷ壬û˵ȥܰ
Ҳ֪ղԼˣ͵͵ҶһۣҶûбֳ˵ӣſ˵Ҷ壬ҸղҶˣ˵ߵʱ͸ռһԣ˵ʲôѳ飬й
⻰ǻ·õģҶ֪ײԼ뵽˵鵱УԷˮֺǿҵĵִԲô˵
ӣСسʶ˭
Ҷ˵ǷҶƽ¶˿ЦȤȻİ˰֣˵첻ˣȥ˯ɣӣҺһȥշƷҾͲˣǾͳŲȥ
ôҶƽ˵ǺܼѵģҲûԼһƽ峵ִ߽ȥշƷ
ʹȻһշƷֻάչվĿ֧Ͳ̸ʲôչˡ
ҶƽҲ˼ӣ׼뵽еȥҶѧˣ򲻵ѵʱҶƽҲȥϺ¡
֣Ӹһ˾ˣûɹǱȥ˰ɣ
ϰҪȥշƷҶʱеζŰ峵ߺõӡ
ǰҶ壬ˣ¶Ӧɵġ
ҲһȰţũ޳ֻҪ׬Ǯ±ЦҶƽǿѧʵˣƤֱһ˷̼䣬Ҫô
ʲôܸɣҾͲܸˣƤֵǮ
ĻҶƽͺ˲پƣͷȴЩʧ̬ˡ
ҶƽǺȶˣε˵ãҶ壬һһȥ𣿡
⻹࣬˯𡭡ҶƽҡҡڰڵĻ˯ȥˣҶͷ
Ҷ֪ϰ˵һģȻǾƻ϶ȥշƷģ¶Է˵Ӹ磬չ˵Ұ֣ˣȥǣʱ䶼Ҫȥ
֪ˣҶ壬
ҡԴ̾˿ͲҶƽʮȥշƷ±ЩߺȼãҪܲˡ

ȻҶԤϵڶ컹ûʱҶƽϡһ㶫󣬺ͷһ峵ȥˡ
Ҷ쵹Ҳûģӡǲ³ʲô£ֻҶƽͷȥˣҪʵʵĴչվˡ
Ӹ磬Ұأ
ʱҶһԺӣæӭȥһۣȴûָ׵Ӱӡ
ǷֿߵģҶ廹û
һ£ϵʱҶƽҪֿȥշƷ˵ܶาǵطǷһ飬ԼԶһȥϳǡ
˵չվǣҶƽôҲӦûıԼ簡뵽ЩżѰ峵Ժһţ˵Ҷ죬ȥҶȥ
Ӹ磬ãҰӦû¡
Ҷһס˷ʵĶأ
Ҫ˵ԭҶմĻû⣬ǿϰֱƵȥãҲЩˣ޲Ͼͻ˴ٳɵķˮ顣
Ҷ겻ʮ䣬СӵǷǳ򵥵ģԼ˵ȻǺˣ㲼ˮ֣Ҳߵܵ
ȣ㲻˵Ҳˣˣ²˼
ҶĻ󣬷Ҳ˲óȥҶƽˣӰ峵ͷڳһϴݸҶ죬㿴Сʲ
УӸ磬Ҹɣٳȥ
ҶϴһۣʮӤƴСԲӣⶫĺܣǰѧʱҶ;־̫ͨȥŮͬѧ档
ϣҶˣѶźá
˵䣬ԺŴִæҶĴӣָص˰峵ϡ
֣ôô
Ҷ壬⡭ģô鰡
ҶͷͬʱӭȥʻȴǲһģҶǹϰ֣Ǳһ峵ľŵˡ
ȱЩС죬ȥҵˮӣ֣ۻˡҶƽ˰֣ϵĺ˳
һ˵϶Ļ峵ߵģҶƽȴߵĴϣ峵ģɼ涫ˡ


057 ϵ
֣ȿˮ
Ҷ壬ɿԹԣһ黹Ҫٽﰡ
ҶͷæҵİҶƽѴȡˮĵˮжжչվﵹǻָ˼ǰ֡
ϻȰС죬ȥƿơƹ
һںҶ쵹׿ҶƽȵĲУֱӰëϵš
֣ϡ
ơƵҶصϰߺ󣬶ʱסˣŸ״ӼͷǰһִֵѪۣҶǱʲôһ£ĵܡ
Ҷƽ˵νЦŽӹơƣ¶ӵԴ˵Сӣʲô찡յһ飬ӣûⱾ°ɣ
Ҷ壬һҲղô鰡ǴĶѽ
֮ǰЩҶƽܲ˱˵İۣһǰأ˿̼ҶƽջЩţѲĻ˸ʲôȱǿ
ٺ٣շƷҲҪӵġҶƽ鼫ãȻ˹ӡ
֣ҸɡҶɲЩĶյģһɾëϰֲϵĺˮ
˻еۡ
Ҷƽë˵Լɣ겻峵ˣ治ôϰˡˣС죬ЩӳһĶУͦµģͷùϷ棬⼸鱾Ѿʡˡ
ʮʱ򣬺öõĶһ׽̲ģѧУҲҪÿѧ빺ֵܻöģǾϴ϶ãϽһ˵鱾ѾͿˡ
Ҷ壬ǵѧУȥ˰ɣ
Ҷƽ˵ʱ򣬷һ°峵ϵ飬һЩ̲֮⣬кܶѧҵֶͬѧУ˭Ҳô鱾ġ
Ҷƽ˵ͷ˵ԣСѧǼҳУҽֻһС֣ӣһȥƻ峵ô࡭
Ҷ壬ȥѧУüΣǶԸѷƷңһ£ţ
ҶƽĻ󣬷˴Ĵ磬ⲻǹάҶƽͦ
ѧУ鱨Ʒ࣬˭֪飬ͰעȥˣһҶδİΰæ
ܺڵĸУǸˣѧУʦ˵£ԭѾӦˣ˭֪Сӻͷ̹ȥͷʱˣһ־÷ˡ
ȥΣͷϳˣûҶƽһշƷȻ͸㶨⣬Ĵ
Ҳðˡ
ĻҶƽ¶˿Цһļţ˰һĵ
Ҷƽճŵʱ׼߼ҴȥշƷģСʱûáĿںš
ҶƽͻˣҲӽƵģûһҲûյʲô
Ҫ˵Ҷƽ治һѧУſϢʱ򣬺һָż˻УƵͷһĻͦͶģͷֱҶƽѰ峵ѧУȥˡ
Ȼյôһ鱾ҶƽǸܵĲףһܵİۣ̬Ҳ΢ĸı䣬ֻҶƽڻûиоѡ
Ҷѷ˶˵ϣк֣Ӹ磬Էɣķ
ӳˡ
Ȼ˺ܼ򵥣ǳ˸ཷд´ܲɣҶƽǸоο
ĥʱδؾһ£ҶƽţԼĶӳһЩҵĻӦᡣ
ҶƽͻȻһ£Ҷ˵ˣҽʱ򣬿һ˺ʦ׷ȥȴǲӰˣҲ֪ǲۻˡ
Ȼֻһ棬ҶƽϵҲʶЩͷˣоʮа˾žԪֻϵΪιŶ롣
ʦҶһ£ܰɣʦɽأôسǣ
ҿ˰ɣǵʿ񡭡Ҷƽҡҡͷ⼸췢ʵ̫࣬ĪԼþ˲ɣ
Ҷƽһ˵ҶȴǷϣ˵ķλһЩ򵥵˳̣ԪɣҶĬһʦ֣ռ֮
ʦ
Ƭ֮Ҷо͸ֳϵڵλãس֮УҶһů⣬ʦǵԼ
Ҷ첢û˵ȥʦȻԼһɽȻĿǣҶֻ谴Լ˼·ȥͺˣдء
Թ󣬼ҶԼʹɫվ˵Ҷ壬ҲˣЩϢɣҴҶȥתתڼһˡ
У̫ˣҶƽͷͬˣӱֲӦüνһµġ
Ժİ峵ǸװžӵĴӺ󣬷Ҷչվֱ϶ȥ
ǴԺ⣬Ȼ棬ҶһСʯӻԺȻŵʱǺòضŸںá


058 ˮɱ
Ӹ磿㺦ˣ͵
ҹɫ£һССӰڴԺĶС¥ǰתţһϴһǽͣﻹͣ߶ֻԼõĻ
СʱҶСӲͣǰתɷС¥¶Цݡ
ԭ޺ģһʧ⣬ͻΧĻɺܴӰ죬ᵼಡʢǻᱩŭ
Ҷúܼ򵥣þԭ˼ǳɷ֮⣬̵ʱڣС¥Ϊɷ֮ء
ҲΪʲôǧ˸ȥˮʦԭˡ
Ī֮˵ʢеĹŴʹִһЩϷˮ֮ϱˣЩʿҲǹмӣ˿Ĳҿ
ڽĻĴͿѧִˮѾΪ谭ᷢչ̵ķ⽨ѧ˵ɨ뵽ʷ֮С
ҹϵе˵ʮһҶüСӣͿ԰ڳ־ɱŹԷˮֵˣҲָġ
ЩˮʦǣҲֻ΢ı¾ֲ˵ˡ
ʹϵҪȫС¥֮ҲҪøݼ죬ܲҶ̶ȣǻ˵ء
ٺ٣ɱ־ʦҲ޷ȫ⿪ɣ
سǵϵҶЦɱֲѭŹֱ֮Ը⡣
м澵ӣǲڴʮ׸ߵĵطһҵǾԲܵģʹ˷֣Ҳ뵽ˮġ
һںܿͻתɷ֮صС¥ҶʩʩȻ߳Ժҵ·º˴Ƶķ
Ҷ죬ô
ҶߵƧЩףĳɰܿǹϵչվպǰ;ǽеϣҶϡ
ˣ֮ڣӦûᷢʲôɣ
Ҷ첻Ұѻ˵լˮӰ˽˳̵飬ǴʦˣԼҲϴôһѡ
Ҷа֮ڣС¥ΪɷأҲҿ϶ᷢʲô顣
죿
ȭͷ߬ĽģһǸǽԺ˵߰ɣٲȥҶҪżˡ
ˣӸ磬дװŷһ˼͹ȥСĵ㣬˿ˡ
·ϣҶ˸峵µ˺ۣһԹ飬Ҫˡ
Ҷ죬ʲôֽʵ
Ӹ磬ȥˣô
ҶʵҲ֪гֵЩʲô˼ֻмʱصʶΪЩܰﵽϰǡ

Ҷͷո뿪һ˴ϵͳ˴ԺſڣҲ֪κƵһλסڴԺͷмӵİ˽ȥ
˴ŵͷϵɢڴԺ߶
Źͼ
ԭϵ̸Ҷ֪ʶȻһ۾ܱԺķˮ֣ȱļλҲ˳
ţմסĵطôɷѽ
ٳסǶС¥ʱԪɫһ䣬صϵָ룬ͣתϵԽɫ
ɷ֮أסϼ¾ҪˣԪ֪λܻڣ
СҶӵֶΣողµľɱˮ֡
ΧС¥תһȦϵҲֶߣҴһΧǽҳһСӡ
һëǮһľӣϵҲǲüһ⡭СҪϾɱ
ҶֶϵЩ⡣
ôǵһμյլˮɱ֣ϵʣʹ뽫ҶµСȫҳҲǲܵġ
Ҷˮɱûκεֱ̬˫۹۲죬С¥е֮ȫˣϵȴûҶ˫ԻԪķˮ˫ۣҳ澵еͲˡ
Լòˮɱ֣ϵ˿ǽһᣬ֪ˮ֪ʶҶ죬Ǹǻˡ
ҪǷڽǰ߹Ŵʱʢ˱ҶˮȻҲûƽģȻҪԶˣԼסҶġ
ִƵᣬˮѾȫûȥˣϵҶԣ˵ûܿˮɱ֣ʹҲƽ⡣
ֲΪִܣǳȥɷأҲû˴㣬ΪС¥˳ʲô⣬ǷˮʿΪ
ԴǶ˵һƺҶ죬ҶԲѵĻǶΣ޷ġ
˵ϵĴֻǲ뿴ҶΪһȫƾԼϲµˣҶҲԷ٣ͻ
ϵҪˡ
Ԫҡҡͷǽ̸ͽܱǲеģҪһЩغ˵ĵЩƾ˵϶УҪҶ뵽֮ȥ
һ֮ϵ̹һǽǴһСյ˵֮УҶɱڲңΥ͵ģϵ˵ҪһЩɱ֮


059 ϲȵϲ
չվѾȥһڣʱҲ뵽˰µףȻϻȻŰţȴˬѾԸܵһ˿⡣
ҶȥѧУӣҶƽͷ춼ûȥ׼̵һ⼸ѧУľ鱾Ȼͳһ͵Ӫչվȥ
ӣǾڳһշƷҲܳŵȥСһ㣬עմ鷳
Ҷƽһõ鱾ŵ˰峵ϣͷͷ˵Ż
ڹչվֻ飬ͬȥһڣ˵ʵҶƽҲʲôϣˣ˭֪ǴСŵģƾ޾ݣǹҲûа취
οдٳڣȻĿŵİӣҲˣλСسǸٹ̵ĴȣǸûκߺͷ
ȻϾȣôأֻȶͳڵֹٱλ̬УҲ޷ӳʲôá
ҶƽȻ֪Ϊʲô⼸СЩû鷳ǰЩ췢飬ֲȫУÿǰҪҪСĵ㡣
ҶƽüӣʮַɣЦ˵Ҷ壬ͷſİɣСȺƣQ˼ˡ
Ȼ⼸춼ûĵؽ磬һֱͳʰõ
Ļ˵⼸մĶûʰǲǰʰķƷӵչվء
ᣬزסҶƽ͸¶Ĺ򣬴ٳһ£ȻҶǱǴԺ飬ؿƿġ
ӣûô򵥵ġ
ҶƽҡҡͷȻŶռԵ츳ҲǻһٶϵŲΪ֪
ҶƽϾִܵߵȽЩȽ飬ǱŻɵ̬ȣҪ˵֮ڣСسλȨصĴٳ̨Ҷƽǲŵġ
ûʲôĻķҶʮ㣬Ϣ֮󣬷͵͵ȥһ500Ĵغ̣׼ȵֶùһء
Ҷ죬ܣҺӸһͻ
ʰð峵֮ҶƽѶӽйһٳԺŵʱͣ˽Ų˵ҪǼʲô£ѧУǱܡ
Ҷƽմ鷳֪ӴС䣬һܴùˣȽ飬ǳҲ׷ϵġ
֣ûµģԺǿôϿֻϲȵ
ҶƤЦӣҶƽֻϲȵô˵Ҫѧˣ߶߶ëҪĵ
ϲȵѽ֣ϲȵϲѻɥĵ᲻֪ɣҸҿ϶մǼ϶ѻС
ҶϰֵĻںȻĲ֣ôٳɵݣҶҲһЩٳɵùض죬һǻС
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Ҷƽûص˶һۣкһǰһ׼峵չվ
ӣ߰վûԺţҶƽͷַ峵ſڡ
ҶƽĻ󣬷عͷϴһ˿飬ҶҶ壬ˣ

Ҷƽһ£λԴ¼ڹһ֮󣬾û¶ˣչվȴΪΣ
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ȻɳԹԣҶƽǺ˼ȷİ峵ҲԺӺҶƽӭȥֱᣬûʶ˵صΪת
ȿȣλǡҪȥ
ûһĿȿǰҶƽȥɳʱʶ˳ȥе㲻˼
ǰչվ͵ˣǶҶⲻ͵Ӫվȥû˸ȥġ
Ҷƽ⻰˵ҲǼǹģɫУоֶģҪԾʱصȡ֤
ЩĳҲ࣬ûҶƽĻһ㣬˵Ҷƽͬ־ģҪЭ顭
ʲô£ѵǰˣʹҶƽӦٳٶۣҲعζˣɫ¶ɫ
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⡭⡭ģ
ͻϢҶƽסˣ۾ӿȥСӳһʲô찡˵ϲȵϲϲѶȻˡ
ûģͬ־Ҷƽͬ־ǻһɳɡ
˵ʵⰸӣҲƵúܣ˵ⰸӦؾֿƷΧڵģôоֻרأ


060 ϡͿ
С죬һ
һЩƷ֮⣬չվƺҲûֵǮĶˣҶƽҶҲɳϾԼӺͱ˼ҵСкܶ಻֮ͬ
һ·ҶƽĻȻλ֪Ҳֻ࣬˵оˣǴҶƽɳ
սɳͿԺǽǴһˣȫһ𣬴ͷɥĶڵϣ˽ֵļһ̧ͷ˹
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ӣλҶƽͬ־ͷͬ־
ˣҶƽ˽ܸһʮˣԱߣһʮݵͷ˺ܾһ˫۾
鷳ˣȴͬ־ȥ˰ɣǺλҶƽһġ
λӳ˺ܺҶƽߵҶ죬üͷʱҶƽͬ־Сǣ
ӳҶӣһڼҲģԴˡ
Ҷƽϸ۲һǰˣ֣Ȼͷһֱû˵ӳ˵ʱȴʱ˵ͷݻҪλӳߵġ
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ġɽˮͼŴǧʯϺԣԣǶģɳұ¼ġ
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ӳЩֻֻҶʧһСְ
Ҷƽ侲ŷ֣Ϸŵļֻʧֻ֮һûУЩ
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Ҷƽϸʵʱ򣬰칫ҵһӱƿˣһͨĳ˽ϵ˷֮Ա
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˵СҶǻȻȥɣ죬ͿԽ᰸ˡ
Ĵɤֱ£λӳüͷֱ


061 ̻
Ȼ֪ˣҲȥɳҶƽﻹеϡͿģڻȥ·Ϻͷо˰죬ҲûԵɣǴٳɵĿ̨ȴǿԤϵõġ
ϲ֮£ҶƽʮǮ˺üͷ⻹һЩ±ˣ׼һֱ»ȥҪűڡ
ڿҶʱ򣬷֮ǰȫһˣ˷֮һ˿ηҲѹַ˭޷˵飬᲻ԾĲη֮ĵġ
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ϵҶϲЦտӭȥһסϵĸ첲ȥЦ˵ʦҾ֪
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ҶƽĻϵվס˽ŲһҶ죬˵Ժÿ٣ҶɽҶȥ߿⺢ӵԡ
ҶôˣҶֲ
ÿҳԣϵӵԣҶƽͲӦˡ
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ԪԲ飬һӣ˵ˣϵͷһУϵҺȼҪɽˡ
⡭ʲô°ϵĻҶƽ˶ţת굽ȥˡ
ҶƽȴǰٰᣬԼϴô춼û飬ȻǶӲظˣ⡭軹Ҷ
ϵԷǺܳƵģˣʳ޲ҳԹҪߣֻҶҶƽһֱûҵѯʸղŵ顣
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Ҷ죬ɱ󣬾ɱմʮضˣٳӦãļأҲﵱ
ϵĻҶסˣǰ֮ɲֺ˻˵ģֶ۸ϰֺͷӸ磬ǻõùʦ˵ļ˺ûʲôɣ
ʦʦҡҲǹİ
Ҷ첢Ǹĵ׺ݶˣֻúӵı׼ȥ˭˭۵޹ˣҶʱΡ
ˣͻС²㣬ٳɵǰȥŮסû漰Ҳˡ
ҶС۾ϵǷһʯҶղŵĻֵ޶ԣϵҪ취Żˡ
ȥɣпȥɽϿʦ٣ʦ߽Ҫסһ仰ԽߣԽ󡭡
ҶСԴϵת뿪ˣžҶҲҶˡ
ԽߣԽ󣿡
ϵӰʧ·ĹսǣҶȴڻζ仰ڲǷˮɱֵʱҶֻΪ˸׺ͷӸϵĻȴǶ˼
ԣһһ춨ԼٳɵķˮӦԩͷծۼˣⱨӦĳһҪӦԼˡ


062 
ϵͻһҶƽԼӵʱ򣬶˼ֲͲ¶ȡ
ԴϵȥҶһֱôߣϵʱĽҶƽҲûʡ
ô˵չվĴ鷳ѾˣЩֻܿûҶƽﻹЩܵģȻĺͷһչվľӪ
Ҷһ˶չվſʯӣﻹڻζʦǷ䵽׻СЩ黹ûֱ۵֪
ţӯӯ㣡
ȻһѣҶ̧ͷȥһŮгԼ
ӯӯ㣬Ӹһֱء
Ҫ˵СӵעױתƵģӯصʱҶʦȥϲصӭȥ
Сһ˵ְֺͷڼ¸˵
Ҷĵһ仰ӯ糺죬׻˵ͯ޼ɣҲﻹôһ˿˿˵ĸо
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֣Ӹ磬ӯӯˡӯ߽չվҶ
ҶĺҶƽͷӭ˳
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һ֮£ʱȥˣָٳɼһͰӷåӡ
׻˵ûв͸ǽȻڱܵ°ģεҪܡ
永Ա̫࣬Ҫܲô׵ģһȥί΢е·ˣȫ֪ˣСسһĴĳˣ˴ѵ÷ˡ


063 
ӯߵһСˣĿɿڴû뵽̶̵ļ֮ڣسȻô顣
ҶƽǶж񱨣ٳˣӦд³ȻҲǸоЩɺϣΪʲô⼸¶һˣ
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Ҳ˵ҶƽͷķӦҶȴЩԺǲҶԴٳΪסլˮĳɷصԭ
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ڽ᰸֮Ǽʮֻ»صҶƽҶƽڵһʱڣͻһʲƵǮ˸ҵõĴ䣬չվ
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ҶҲûʧԣڵڶ߿ǰϦϻسǣóѧ¼ȡ30ֵĸ߷֣ɹȡ˸ǰĸУ

ϤصſڣһһӰԡϦ֮£ԶСٲˮɽΪƽһ
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064 仯
粨࣬һߡ
ڶһصسסļʱԪ仰ҶĶߣŴӵʦɽϣҶһ·ϼȲطۡ
ҪȥҶٲسҲˣЩҪʰġ
Ҷڵ¼ңҶĶҶƽ֮ǰģسǵĳǱҲСسǳ֮ڵء
ʱﻹнǷۻǵؼ۶ܱˣǻǧǮͰС¥һܴԺӡ
ҶԼԺ潨˸ɽˮأ˲㣬ȴһЩ٣Ҷƽֱ˵ӻ׷ӾǸ
Ĳ˵⼸ؼ۵ʹⶰԺС¥ֵҪԭļ۸ϼ㣬Ҳʹ÷һֱԹҶ죬ﵱʱҲһס
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Ҫ֪ЩҶƽϾݺϺȵؿ˺üҹ꣬æǽͷöһڼҵġ
ҶһصӣҶƽҲ֪ô£˵ôˣ鲻ãģԺ᳣ȥɽϿġ
ӹҪѧˣҶƽרųʱӣƵǣϰӣȴȥʦˡ
ȻҶƽҲ֪Ҷϵ֮飬ϰֶǱȲϵġ
Ĳ˵⼸Ҷ캮ټǺϵһ𣬾ƽʱĩҲǴʱɽܣҶƽЩԴˡ
ţ֣ʦˣпվȥҹʦ࣬ʱ䣬޾Ҫˡ
ϵ壬Ҷ鲻ϵóʮٵĽۡ
μϵҶָоǿˣټϵԼҲӦ֮Ҳϵ֮ʱˡ
Сӣô˵𣿻СҸ㰡˱ҲЩˮĶΪ⼸װʵʲô֪
ӵĻҶƽʱȻ⼸Ҷڼоڲˮϵ飬ƺе˹ϵ
Ҷƽ֪ҶÿʧǼ£ǸϵǴȥܽˣϾͷС۵Ҷ죬ֻϵӺͶӵûнҴѡ
ҶƽЩʵ̫æͬʱҲоҶǰˣҲֻ۱ֻ۵ûȥʡ
ҶҪȥѧǲԻ֮أҶƽ˵ҪӼˣʡǳʲôǷǡ
֣ұ֤µġҶЦЦﵯһöͭǮȴǰѻˣҪˣҪռһԣ
һȥϰ˳˳ˮģҡ
Ҷƽмİ˰֣ҲûϾСѧרҵҪѧʯˮ򽻵ܺǲ֪ʲô
ȥ괺ʱ껵һˣʱ֮˵ҵչѸͣδʮ꣬ͻԻΪ⡣
ʱҶƽͰ⻰ˣҶ챨־ԸʱȰҶϻѧļרҵ
û뵽ҶѹûϰֵĻ£ļѧУ־ԸĶǽϵҶƽüûӡ
֣ѧǽƣ˵¡
ϰֵĻҶֻЦһϵģҶƽҲ˵ȥˣҪǰҶƽӻˡʵŵġ
䡰ߡһ֮ҶƽӸҶһƤСӳӲˣԲϰֵĻҸ㣬ҪչһͷеֻܸһǮѧѺһѧڵˣʡŵ㻨
ǰʱҶƽͷΪӪ⣬չվĹɷݸֿˣӪչվҿһ֯ԽԽؼҲǸҵˡ
ҶƽҲ㲻ǮϾЩʷƾõĻųǿ˺üҹ꣬أ⼸Ҳ׬˲Ǯ
ֻ겻ţų꣬ʽ𶼻ѹƷ棬Ҷƽͷ硱ţϴѧǮǳ˸Сճġ
һǮҲˣͷһѧһѧеķüҲǧѣҶƽǿǵǰͻȻñȽϡܳԡŶ׼һЩ
֣ε⣬ҿҲաҶ쿴˰ǮһۣĵصҶƽһ䡣
Ҷߵĺܶ˺¶˸ı䣬Ҫ˵仯ģǵҶԼˡ
ԭ̾еĹǣ֮ǰͻȻʧˣĪҲȫҶ̳ˣռΣһ֮顣
ЩڸصҶҲһǾ¾еĹ켣ͬϲһǲɱġ
Ҷ쾭飬ȴٳȥıԭֵܳĽȻ˳ڸϰָ⣬Ҷ쿴ֻС֮Сѡ
СӣΪʦʱ䳤ֻϰ־ͨ㣬Ҹ㣬յǼսǹ֮С治תġ
ҶƽԶӵĻǲΪȻӿչվڣڹҲ߰˸ͷˣûۣνȻҲмӡ


065 
ã͵û˵˰ˣȥˡ
Ҷƽһ٣ҶЦЦûжԣͿϰֽƲ֮ˣҶƽ˵ǣԼϰ˼֣Ҳȥˡ
ӯӯ㣬ͨ绰˵˲ȵ𵽴ܣӸ磬ҲȰȰϹôİ
ҶžһͨԹǸ궼ڼңŵģ϶Ƿӡ
Ҷ죬Ǳ̫˵Ҫ⣬Сһźţ
ҶѵһķŵԴһֺõӡ
ҪǱϰģ´ȥСسûһ˻ŵģʱķﻹһ˿ϰͷһ˾ӱķ
ȻҲǷĸԸģΪ׷ӯҪˣĸĻͣѧ˳пγ̣һҹУҲ˾һĻˮƽˡ
Ϸ궼׼Ů浽ԹĸҸɻһһͣڴĸɾ׮Ե
ҷ˱ʮִȻڷ˲ƣȴûЩ˼ÿӦҪؼңӯ鲻һĺá
СҶ죬㳤ǰɣôӯӯ˵
ſվŵλͦŴӵٸ˵ҪҶĶ䣬ں͸׶ԻʱʮһҶ죬ҲֻܹԹԵذѶչȥ
Ҫ˵Щ˺ϵ׽֮⣬Ҫǰӯӯˡ
ڷҶƽⶼæ˲չҶ죬ԴӯͷҶֱͰǼҵԼңס
ҶҲûиֵܽãͰӯ׽ˣӯУҶŵ˳ϵ֮ˡ
Сһȥһ꣬Ҫȥѧǲǰѽ˰
ҶĶ䣬ӯԺߣķںֱҡͷľͰһԼŮӸģ
ӯӯ㣬ܰҲ˵ȥ𣬰Ӵ㣬Ҫˡ
Ҷŵıӯɿ֣СֶҶһ̯˵أ
⼸Ҷÿγȥʱ򶼻ӯСȻֵǮȴӯܸˣѾ˹
أӯӯ㣬ȣȥ˵ɡ
ӯѾа˸ˣȻҶܿó岻ǲҴ⣬ϾϺܶ౯綼ɵġ
Ҷ壬ô
æʺһҶƽŵƿę́Ʒϣ֪Ҷƽͺһڡ
ȻֿˣǺþۺɢǮƷֵĺϵһȻĺãֻҪҶƽسǣǻҶϼѡ
аɣбҪ̸СˣҲҪȥϾˡ
ĲˣҶƽҲûкӯº󣬶˲赹ˮȻǶȥˡ
ӯӯ㣬ţţû²ҪժҶݳʱ϶һҼһ
ţС˽ˣ㿴Ӹ磬֪ģˡ
ӯӹҶκϸһ£һɵ㣬ʯҲ۸񣬵ֻҪҶ͵Ķϲġ
ֻԱ߿ЦԼθţøۣԸǲҪһѣǱϱô۸
һҶ죬ǰˣҪǸ״СӣԼһ׼ᰤʰġ
ʵزϺõĺС쵹е۹⣬⹤һˣװʧ˿񣬶ˣСԼİɣ
Ҷƽ˿ȥְҵʹȻҪһڹ⼸꣬Ҷƽˣһ۾ͽ֮˳
ţҵģˣӯӯպþˡ
Ҷͷûʲôö˵ģֲרѧʯ̵ĽˣѾܲˡ
Ҫ˵ֵǮҶƽǾԿۡ
Ҫ֪ڵ֮󣬾ͱҶһۼ֮ĵطһ֮ãʹ֮ڲṹ˱仯
ߵĻԵų赲ɷ֮룬÷ҵĻ˵ѾǼˡ
Щ޼ӳ֣Ԫ仯رе˿񣬿»ٴļǮὫģΪⶫȷл֮Чġ
Ҷ쿴ûйġ
νҲһЩõעȻɵԪʹڲṹı䣬ӶӰ쵽˳̵ѡ
д󹦵´ԸĵõɮһⶫģҼʹЩɮ£ôһҲҪķѲʱ
ȷķҶķʽȻЩȡɣҲôװ쵽ġ
ҪҵһһȻˮѨȻ󷨽Ѩ֮ע뵽֮С
ֻҪвͻὫʯ𻵵ҶҲ˼С


066 £ϣ
Ҷ壬С⣬˵ʲôǮǮѽ
ӯȴǲֵǮĽ˲ϣȻý·˵ӣǸСĶóɡ
Ҷ壬С쿼ϴѧˣҲ֪Щʲôã㿴Ǯ͸ðɡõָʾ󣬷һпϡ
пҶƽһ£Ӧ֮æ˵㡭Ǹʲô죬СѧǮҶ׼ˡ
׻˵ֵˣҶƽͷ֮ǰǺϻĹϵȻܺãڲϷֵĻǺģЩҶƽҲͶǮ⻹ǵһΡ
Ҷ壬С׼飬ҺͷӸСǮӵ⣬ǮҲ࣬һѣӳͷ̫׾ˣˣҶ죬ա
ӯһ˵һߴӰͳ˸ֽӣ˵ֻСҲţǲ忨ģ㵽Ȼ绰Ӹ绰ѡ
ӯóֻ¿ĦȻͷе󣬵ǱǰеĴשͷģҪǿˡ
ֻʹùڸոGSMźҪȾֺ뿪ͷķģƶõĶֵ࣬绰źżЦƶ绰ƶŴС
һžᣬֻϻڼһʹõƷӯó⣬ҪǮֻһǮʲôˡ
Ҷ죬ĴɱҸ߰û绹ʹשͷءóֻЦźҶ쿪Ц
ҶƽõҲϿĻӣ»ʱ䲻ܶ˶ԶһſͷĺҲоЩϰߣռʻǺܸߡ
ӯǮֻóҶƽĲˣһ˵˵Сڹ˰Сȥѧֻʲôǻѧ𣿡
ʵҶƽڵңȻǡͷ硱еּСҶոǮа취ģֻҶƽöɴִŻǮϰ߶ѡ
Ҷ壬и绰ϵҲ㲻ǣҪСˣʱҵ
Ҷƽôһ˵ǲ֨ˣӯɲô࣬⺢ӻûأЩĸԿһֱҶˡ
Уﶼе绰ÿڴ绰ؼҾˣܹ⻵ë
׻˵ɼףѣһǮĻϰߣĵͲˣЩ⣬ȻСʲƣҶƽȴٸǮá
ҶƽĻ˵ԼĺԼķүԼ׬ǮĲģ쿿ؿĸú
Ÿ׺ӯӯִ£ҶЦӹֻʵӯӯ㣬ֻźĺܺɽҲã
ȻˣҶ죬éɽ涼źˣ׶źž͸ˡ
ҶĻ󣬷˵ҲǻһGSMĻãΪשͷźʵ̫ʱӸ绰ܳȥ
ŶéɽҲã
Ҷüëһ£˵ֻҪˣӸ磬ͷſֻʦȥɣ˼һɽϣһʲôǶ֪
ȻҶѾǮôһλһ͵ɽȥʦЩν֮Ķﻹе㲻ģֻԼڱʦϵҲˡ
㲻ҪǳɣͻȥһˡТɵģҲû˵ʲôµͷӦ
ߵֵزϾ˵İæ֮⣬ҶʦͽҲǷֲϵģǰǼ£ػ¸ũȥˡ
ԼⲿֻӯЩˣҶЦļ˵㣬ֲԶٹºپܻˣʱֶӿɳ˰
УҪǮõĻ绰㰡Ҫ⺢ӣȥѧˡ
ӯҲǸƢˬŮˣҶĻҲû˵ʲôпŵҶ
Ѿͷǹ
ҶƽҡҡͷҲûֹҶ⿨ˣףԼҶһǮһѧ٣ǷҶϣɾһ㶼ˡ
ӯڼҳ극󣬷Ϳɣ뿪ˣҶĵĻ𳵣ҲҪʼʰˡ
ƿӷţҶƽɫЩӣС죬ȥҪпյĻȥǰɣôˣҲ֪ǲǻס
֣֪ˣģһҵǵģˣ治һȥ
һаµҶ죬ϰֵĻ󣬶ͣһ¡
ҡҡֶԲǰǲȥˡ
Ҷƽʹ࣬Щ⣬㼣̤˴ϱΨбǣȴǴδ̤һ
֣ǳ֥ùӵ¶ˣŹǲٹˡ
Ҷ͵͵˸һۣͻȻС˵֣ǲǸ˵飿


067 ££
裿
ҶƽɫһͣĿЩɢҵؿҶ죬ԭôڿûʹĸһ仰Ķӣֻǽݸ
ǶӣҶƽʣԼֺγǹǸŮˣҪȻҶƽҲֱ죬ҲûȥԼһˡ
Ĭ˺һᣬҶƽ̧ۿ˶ӣ˵Ҷ죬ӦòڹڣڸҲûʲô壬Ժ˵ɡ
ʮҶƽûдҶĸ׵£ͨһЩͬѧ֪ҶڰʮͳˣЩһֱûϢ
϶Ҷĸ׼ǷԹޣҶƽöǳʲôϵʱƽƽδⲻһҸ
ϰʹ飬ҶҲû׷ȥ·Ҷǰ§ס˸׵ļ˵֣ҼùǣʱҲȥɣ׶һˣܲһӲɣ
ڸ׵׮£Ҷ쵹˽⵽һЩ
길׺ĸ׽ʱƺ˫ͥͬ⣬Ҷүү˼籨ѵӣҶĹùǷ籨˵үӲΣ
Ҷƽ糾͵ĸϻرȴүɶûУǲͬӵ׮£Ҷƽͼһַص¡
Ҷƽȥĵڶ꣬ҶͳˣҶƽҪɻ׬֣ҪҶĸӵʱ򣬼ַһ籨ݺһǰһģһֻ֣Σٹ飡
һʱҶƽͼͨżʱ籨ʱ򣬻ΪǼٵġ
ǻˮҪΪҶĸúһ㣬Ҷƽʱ䶼ˮɻˣҲûȥʵ籨ݵ١
ֻǰ֮󣬵Ҷƽˮ⹤ػصʱȴ˸첲ϴТĴ㣬ݺݵ˦ƺҶƽ֪Լ˶ôһ
εҶƽûеõСͺ۰ԼĴ½⣬ԺĵżҲʯ󺣣ҲǺûлرҪԭ
˵ɣǰֲԣҲԹǹҡ
ҶƽЦЩǿĽ㲻ԭԼĻǸ׵ΪһӶ޷⿪Ľˡ
ˣ˵ЩˣСӵ˱󣬿ɱ£֪ȭţ׼ͱ˶ְ
Ҷƽ̲סֽ˶һ䣬֪⸱޺ֻǱǽ˭ܴ
Ҷܼ򵥣һͨа˼£·ͱ׼ȥ˱򣬶ɵϰܲϲСĳš
˿ʱ䣬ѾһˣСسǲͨ𳵣ϵĻվҲҪһСʱţ׼ˡ
ŶӵаҶƽһۿҶţпǮ˵СӲܰǮźð
ҶϰָһǮֳ֣ǧаǧǱװǮƨɺ棬Ĺҵĺۡ
ϰֵĻҶЦں˵֣͵Ǯ˻ûء
ҶԿ䣬ӽϵӱһ·Ļϣûĸ۵ĸҶֵġ
ʦϴȻҶٳȥʲô£ҲбǵʱҶҲͰЩٷкüֻˡ
׻˵·Ҷÿ궼ȥôһȦʹȥиֺǧǵСˣ⼸ͺЩˡ
ӵĻҶƽһ˹ȥСӣͷ͵ǰһСж£Ҫ͵
Ȼ֪ӲûŵˣҶƽҶǮͳ¿ڴţҶվʻȥ
ÿеĻվΪҺͷߵĵطҶԣ߻ӵĵطȴеޱȵϤ
Ű߽򳵴ʱҶ۹һɨܿüר˶ļһ·ֵѧѧʱȻҲֻǵĻԾˡ
˲·ͬɱ˸ĸϽصҶҲȥĵ飬춼ܣƾʲôȥ񰡣
ϺXXXгѾվÿǼƱ׼ϳ
ڻվһСʱվҶ˳Ľվ㲥
ϰأ
Ҷվ˶棬ȴָոߵϰֲˣڻֻվͣʮӣҶЩΣֻŰͨ˼Ʊڡ
Ҷ죬Ҷ죬ѴӴ򿪡
ڳҵλҶ˸׵ĺͷһҶƽһվ̨ƱһˮǺˮĴų
򿪳ӹеˮ󣬻ҲˣԶȥĸѲӺ޵һЩ׷Ҷв֪ʲôʱѾˮ


068 
гϼţųХʻվ̨
Ȼÿ궼Ҫһʱ䣬ȴҶдģƺҲ˹˳˵ġĸڲԶΡ仰ĵ
ȥ۽ǵˮҶ콫ˣصԼλϺҶŷλѾˡ
ʱ𳵻û٣յ٣඼ҶƤΪţһģһˡ
ʱҶߵŮһʮˣһҶµккһʮĸŮͺкмơ
ոһ𣬴ҶİҶߵŮСشΧļˣ綼ǻˣǵ䱾һ㡣
ҶȻƵͷȴѽ߼˵ò俴ˣЩ˵ǣߵŮȻĶͦƯ
ȻӵӰĻϳֵĶŮʵƯŮĲǺֻܶ࣬ܳƵǲѿ۶ˡ
Ҷ֮ǰôţҲ٣ǴûֺƯŮȻú
ôˣСӣǵһγԶŰɣ
ҶǸˣҶϳеһҪСʱĳ̣û۵۵ţǻ˵ġ
ǰ壬ǵһγԶţȥ
Ҷ¶ˡɬЦݣ͸һʱĳȫʧˣ˿̵Ҷ쿴ȥȫһʮ߰Ĵк
Сӣȥ𰡣ݻѧһȥӦȥݼҰɣ
˺̸ܽҶϻϲѯҶаЦѣ˵Ȥʮˣ֪ǳĵ
壬ȥѧġ
ҶЦŴ򿪸׸ղˮ˵ˮ
ҶľٶʱӮ˵ĺøУЦ˵٣СӲ壬ԣԸɣһûôϡ
λСӣҲȥѧģô˶һµģ
Ҷ˵ĶԻǸʮĸŮҲ˽ҶҲȥѧģѧˣλͬѧĸѧ
ǺǣҸ׹Щæֻһȥˣ̣ѧǺܺõİ
ҶٺЦһصشŮ˵ĵһ⣬ȴǽڶʡ˹ȥ⣬ֻ˵ֻǺбҪġ
ͷֻûռڻϣרôһЩˣȡϣȻø뿪ļƭǮ
Ȼ˸δͬѧҶҲǸеЩɺϣȻ֪ԷѧʲôרҵԺУˡ
ǵȻˣѧѽôͬѣͰһ˿ϵġ
ҶĻŮ϶͹⣬ƺͻȻʮꡣ
ȻϺ˺ͱЩ·ɷϵǣСܿϻѧڵѧԼҳԣһǳҫ顣
˵ѧǺѿġ
ҶʱĲһ仰ǸŮЦøӿˣһĶӣ˵⼸кôûò
Һãҽ
кض跭˸ۣЩԸժһ˵ִ֮˻ȥĿȴ͵͵ڴҶߵŮ
Ů˶ҶǸЦЦ˵⺢ӣһʶ֪飬Ҫǲ𳵶ϲȥҲǵģƱôš
Ȼӣ˶ó⵱ڿأǿƺֻ̲϶ǻѧݡ
̣Ҷ첻ɫЦЦϵẈ̂Ϊֻ߻ӵĳʵļʶ̬
̣ʱǺܽŵģҲû򵽡
ŵļѧҶԵһŮҲڿ˵ˡ
λҲˣһЩϤͨ佻̸֮ᣬʱĳλһЦ
ûʵѧ߽ˣԹɫıǱյģҶԲ˵̶̵ʮӹ󣬾ͽ߼˵ȫˡ
ǸԳԵˣһҹ˾ҵȥģȻͷҵģʮоŸǾʣһҲǸ档
ŮȻƽͦǿģҶ仰Ҳ׳˵ϸȻǱӰѧԺĴѧһ᯾һҦٻٻ˶Ϻˣٽ鷵ѧУġ
öǸװҲȤ¶ŮǰһЩʶһʱҶλõַǷ


069 
ŮûһƯŮİߵĵúǿģ˵һЩӰѧԺѾ˵ӰǵţΧʱһ̾
Ҷ˻ͷһֱûٳŮߴߴʱ򷢵ĵͦġ
ΨһҶЩͷǣǸ᯾ŮƺܸȤʱʱ׷ʼҶϵѧУ
᯾䲻ͱҶ꣬ŮഺϢҶмܲסˡ
ҶЩĽɲǰܵģɫľͽص˵ϣ˿ûоʲôͻأĵط
гʻϾɫͰʱŲͳơƺͺзߺŸʳƷζ
ҶҲӼϰаǰ˼򵥵ļ·ȫǳԵģȫǴװţ⡣
ͨ޵֮ϲʳͬҶǴСģȻڼȭҶķԶһ˴Ķ࣬ѪʳҪȽϸߣÿٶҪġ
ȻûнǰЩȭʦ˵ÿͳһͷţôţһٷԸ⣬Ҷ˵ϰΪġ
Ҷ콫߰˴ţⶼ˺˴ߵС̨ϣкԸ磬°̣λ㣬ҪҪ㣿
ţⰡöֻϾѼСҶҪҪڰ
ҶѳԵ˳⼸ҲԼʳȡ˳ԾȻǺþƵˣﻹװֻСƿͷ
ǺǣԸ磬ҲȾƵģ⡭
ҶЦŰ˰֣ǲȾƣǺȾҪֳϣ˵һѧݣ֮ͥºȾҲʡ
СҶазư㳢
ֻҪڻϳԹзˣһ´𳵣ԼԵģĸЩϺзС˵ϲ
ҶȻһֱ࣬ͦϲģóʳ󣬶ǵһкҶԡ
СҶӣôⰡжɣҲ᯾ĽҶǰһţˣһݲĶɡ
ãҳ
ҶҲ˺Ǵɣֱڴӵײһѹȥһھͽһɸ˶ǡ
㡭ôԶ
ҶԶߵļ˶۾û뵽ô˹˹ĵһСӣôĿ죿
ٺ٣㣬ϰˣСʱԶҪġ
ҶٺһЦʼڻƼˮ꣬˻𳵾͸ȻԷŮҶҲûпȥʲôӷȡ
᯾Ҷ˵һ㶣Ц˵ϸƤģҲǳԹġ
ῴడǰҿԺ᲻ᷢƣ
һ˵Ҷһһţ⣬ӤȭͷСİٿ˵ţ⣬Ҷھ˶ӣˮúȣ˳ڶ
ʱӯˣҶԵĲ࣬ỹǶˣ˵򣬾Ͱǰŵ߰˴ţһɨա
ų˳죬Ҷ콫°̵һзưԾֻѼҲԵˣȵ֮Ҷŷ֣ԼԼλĵطȻѻȸ
ˣôûעⰡ
Ҷ֪Լ˸æ¶һܡ󡱵Цݣ˵ǸǸƽʱԲ˵㣬°̣Ը磬ҰﻹЩţ⣬øǳ԰ɡ
˵Ҳ֣֪ǲҶϵЦãԱߵЩ˾ȻĻǶС֮ģҪҳţúӲ
СҶӣƽʱԲҲ԰û°ɣ⡭Żô죿
ҶĻ󣬳ԾһֻСס죬۾סشҶĶӣ˰һͷҲԲôࣿ
û£СƤʵأٶĶԹ
Ҷ첻˼ͷùԼı׼ʳƷ˵Ըǰ˵Ķɨ˵ġ
ỹɣҿװ˶ٳԵģ᯾Щ棬һҶı
ûмˡҶû뵽⿴ȥͦľƯŮȻԼİһСĻ汻˹ȥ
ֻ᯾ʱõһֻ֣ȥˣŵȴǳŵϵķҶ·ʲôĶʱ
Ҷûذ᯾æҵظ·ʱһҵɢڼ˵Ľŵס
ѽôôǮ
ڶĳ°һɤӣʱĿⶼ˹ôˣѾ뿪λ֪Ǯǿֵġ
᯾û뵽ᷢ飬ʱҲˣһ߼ŵϵǮһߴǮҶģ˭ҪǸҾͺ˾ˡ
Ҷ죬ԡԲ𰡣̫çײˣҲǹġ
ڵϵǮɢĲǺܿҶλϵļһ֣ܿͰǮǮҶϺλδĵӰһĲ˼
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ǮҶûнڼˣ˿ĵطа̾һûռһԣǷǶడ
˻Ҫ֪δ̫ȤˣҶ꼫޶ռԣҲû뵽֮顣


070 ֮ͽ
ǸСһ˴ôǮҲ°
ǣǮ¶ˣ˵ͻᱻС͵ء
Ҫңھȥҳ˾ǮǱܡ
ͷ߰ǧǮȻܶ࣬Ҳˣһȥֻʮ߰ѧôǮʱ̸۵Ļ⡣
Ҷ죬ҪǰǮϵľ챣ܰɣ
Щ˵ۺ᯾ЩΣҶİ˭Ҳ֪ǰﾹȻôǮ
᯾䣬λԾҲǵͷ͵ǰСҶǧܴ⣬ȥ굽ʱƤп˱ôһӣҪͬ¸ţҪ˯·ȥˡ
Ǻǣû£ҰѰƨɵ£û͵ߵġ
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·С͵϶й̶·ߵģǰʱиС͵ҶĿڴץסȻõƬˣҶϵһֻ֡
Ϊ󻼣Ҷ컹ʦ²ݸݷһλר·ߵ˵Ǽ֮·߻췹Եˣûи鷳ġ
ҾҶղſǼһ֮ԭ⳵ᡰɻˣ׷뿪ˣҲڱ̬ȣûеҶЩǮ
ϵĺܶ鶼ģҶҲǲҴ⣬᯾˵Ż۾ȴע⵽ÿһλԱ߹ˡ
ʱƣڵֽƽϢڰʱǼ£ŮĻˣżͷӶһȴǲɧҶˡ
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Ҷ촦ڰ˯֮ʱ򣬺Ȼогһζ۾ͬʱҲгıվ
˰
Ҷ쿴±Ѿ賿һˣǸȽϴתվܶ˶³ԭЩӵĳᣬҲϡ
ߣŮ໥Ѿ˯ˣԾαϵԴҲһһģҶһͷԹ
Ǹſĸ׵Ĵ˯㣬һλҶ֮⣬Ҳλ°̻ˣΪ˶˯ðȣʵǺ˯ġ
Ҷѹ°̶ЦЦС˵СҶ˯ɣҰ㿴ŵ㣬»ġ
лл̡
Ҷò˵ͷѹŵıһ㣬׼ż˯ȻǺһҹ۾ĻѰġ
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Ҷб˵䣬Ӧڶʮ߰ңһҵߣʮֽ׳Щǹؼؼ
˫ͷĽǶȣʮȵӣǵ͵Ķ˵ǣ磬ܼڣԸִڴ˼ʹϵ
˶֮⣬˵ͥԵİȥ촽ܺ˵ʵʮǿҡ
ЩҲˣϾΪ٣ǵҶ쿴üʱ̲סӿ˼֡
üǷüݣ˫۲˶ӣȴ¶һ׹
෨ƣüǺ¶ף۶¶ʹҶҲԶ϶һһһ׮
˻ҶһֺΣյĸоϿ϶ЯҶҲ΢΢ЩԸ֮ͽһСľͻ˵Լġ
Ҷ첻ֵű鷳ˣ˼һ֮Ͼö⣬ߵ᯾˵㣬ãҪȥϴּ䡭
ҶѺ᯾Ժſ۾£ͬ飬ٻٻѣҶȥ¡
Ҷ쿪˵ʱڶǸˣļƺͻȻ䶼ˡ
ҶҪϲ˵ַ˫۾ȴضҶı
гѾվٷǳһζҲλվҶҲҡҡڰڵġ
ھǰʱг͵һ£Ҷ¶ʱ˸ģץŵıֶɡ


071 ǹ
ҶŰ߳λʱǸ˵Ŀ⡣ƺû뿪еı¼Ҷ챳֣̲סŤͷȥͬʱǰ㣬ƺҪվһ㡣
ʱҶѾߵǰ˻ͷʱҶֺȻ˳ȥһ˵ĲͬʱһַԴݺݵ˳ԱߵС̨ϡ
飡
һƵڳ֮ͱʱ۵۵ڸסˣոոҶÿ·᯾ûע⣬˯ϡ͵ֻһӰǰ߹
ʱ·һͣӹһǺڳҶµҲǿڱȫ£˫͵ĵŵؾվͬʱȥ
Ҷ쵱Ȼˣ˫ͬʱļϣһһɣֻꡱһ˵۾紦ľʹʹĽӴˣҶƮƮش̫ѨϷ֮»ָİ
ҶƷˣûгʮ룬Щʹ˯оѵÿվȴһѪ۵˰ϣ߻վһ޹ɫĴк
⡭ô£
ɱ˰ɱг˾
Ǹкɵôôѽ㿴Ѫġ
ͻıʣ˶˹еӴѾ߿˹Ҳ˴ȥгԱ֮ڳһš
Ҷ죬ôˣǡ𣿡
᯾ŵؿǰľȻûпḶ́ǸղźֻҶ֮⣬ƺûиõĽˡ
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Ҷ׼ػʱڳгԱһ·첦˹ǰĳҲһ
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۵
ҶĻһںĶ们ʱ˵ע˹ȥ
ǹ
ǹ
վҶǰĳ˾Ҳɫ䣬æһ֧ǹ
ģֲô죬Ǹǹļһﰡ
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˺󣬶˺С⣬г
ҶеЩµʱ֧ǹĳ˾һǹ˨һŻƳγεӵʱ˳
ӵ󣬳˾ɫҲѿΪ֣ǹӵţնûأʱڻ״̬
Ҳλϳ˾ˣ֪ʹǵطЯǹ֧𳵣ҲὫӵűմ򿪵ģһƶϳϵˣԲǹϵͳġ
󰸣˾ðôۣͷƤʱһ顣
Ҫ֪ǹλ˾ҲҳɣźɵһҶ캰˫ֱȥ㰡
ô˵ȽЯǹ֧ƷǺбҪģʹͬУҲҪ鿴Էĳǹ֤ܽɡ
ʵҶҲɵģ˵ôҲæƷϵˡ
һʼҶԴӺ˵ʱӵģλ˾ͬ־ʶľѡҶ죬ҴʱҶ˳ھͺ˳
ҡҲеġ
ƺ˾ĺ˹Ҷһѵ˭ó
㣬˵ʱôа˾Щͷˡ
Ŷǡ壬㡭Ҫϰ
Ҷ챻˾һţɫˣſǻսѪˣ׾Ľ˵巭˹ֱֻ˱
ֻ˭û֣Ҷץסʱ΢΢˵Ĺؽָ½ȥҶĶΣߵĳ˾û
ʵ㣬𶯡
ոհ˿ϣӴһȴ˱ӹؽʱʹʹ˹ƺо˲ԣҪվȴ˾һѰϡ
ڴʱӳſڴһĸžĳ˾ӵ룬ڳ˶һ
ô£
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ҺһģҸȥҶû뵽ǣǸ᯾ŮȻվ˳
һǰɣţ㣬Ǽ᯾һۣѺҶͬһλļ˶


072 ͨ
ڳᣬż˾гĹԱҶԳᡣ
˾Ŀ£һԱ˸Ȱ˵Ǹ˰Ҷ᯾ˣǱֿڼĳѯʡ
˵˵ɣô£Ÿӣʼѯľ
壬ҡǽĴѧҵ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ղǡǸҵǮ
ҶһŵİѰǮͻѧ¼ȡ֪ͨ鶼ȡ˳һְ֮ϰǮڵϵ˵һ顣
Ҷ죬ˣӴǻѧ
Ҷ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ҶĻ˼֣˵ǱʶܿϴѧĶƷѧŵĺúӣҪ˵ǿϻѧѧˡ
ϵˣô£
Ҷ¼ȡ֪ͨһߺ׷ʵؼ˱߯ˣĺѧôص֡
壬ҸղȥϲߵǸߵʱͻȻҪҵİҰ߰ǧǮѧءʱһżһѣȻסļ̨ײһ¡
Ҷһ˵һ߱Ȼ˸֪沿һѣһһġ
ֻһһ˶
Ҷؽߺе㲻ŵؿ˿Ҷ֣Ҫ֪ղгϵҽԱ˵ˣ˵ıȫˣκãԺҲȥһ顣
Ҳ֪ʱܺ£ͷϰɣгػһ¡
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ҶĻ¶ȻɫʱгڼٵĻȷζȽҶĶǲܽϵĴˡ
壿ҲǹİҡһҪϴѧء
Ҷ¶ĵǺµı飬ΪԼŻ⺢ӣֱǲ˵ˣºŬļһ˿Цݣ˵ҶͬѧֻҪղ˵ĶʵǾûµģţһ£ȲҪȥ
Ҷһת߳ԣľҶ첢û˵ѻôڵĹص㣬ҪǸǹ˵ˡ
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ȥҶٺЦЦѱԱߵĴһԣɵ˯һ԰䣬Ҷɴûܹ

˴ңǸץûˣ
Ҷ˯ʱڳһͷȴڴͷһĵǰļ졣
ʲôУٻ
һĳ˾̧־ˣϻûɾѪ㬵طʵ䣬ͥסַ
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С˾ĻԵһ£Ȼٵ˼ǲǻûüж⡭Ĳԩ𣿡
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еǹ˵ɫʱɷף鲻ԽصͷԼ俴ȥղһֱγģûעϵǹѾˡ
Ҳ֪ǹҵģҲû٣ǳСԩҡ
Ǹ˵һʱ䣬˸ɴ۾һգ˵ʻ֮
ǽһϴôĵطôλ춼ûޣ˭֪β˸ͷȻԵһëͷСˡ
˵ǰɣʱ򡭡
˳˾Ǽöˣ￴ܣ˳гϵĴԣȴﷴϢ
ȫľǹǹŵģõġġǹֻҪǾģźܿܵõصϢ
÷壬ʮ꣬XXXˣһžɱפǹ֧ӣٷɱˣˣAͨ
·ϵͳרһ׶ȫӵЭ磬˲Сʱʱ䣬Эͨͷ˹ǷݴϣһĿƬ
ûˣ˴˰
Эͨһ󻶺˾Ľ۹⿴Ǹͬ£ʣ׽׹϶Ҫͷˡ
⡭Ҫ˵ͣǸѧĹ󡭡
ǸˣԿЦȻҲ֪⹦;ܲˣҶֻܸϸЭ˾ץӵ塣
δ̫˼ˣ򵥵һ׮ٰȻAͨһڱҵͷϡ
һҹעкܶ˶ˣ˵ص˳ڵ᯾˯ȫޣһҹղŷ¡
ҲǼҶǸ԰ᣬȥ˵仰лĻĴջǴ⡣
Ҷ죬һ˯Ⱦˡ
ûκεĸȻǾٶ˺ˣҲҪ˵ʲôˣСӾٲʮҶܵκǣġ
壬ˣУȥѧУˣĲˣлл
ڶϰ˵𳵵ﱱվҶһϵؾܾҪȥѧУĽ顣
Ҷ컹ǼĿţظ˵ˣԺֻҪҶߵĻ𳵣ѡ


073 
Ǳ
ӹԱ칫߳Ҷͷдġվ֣ﲻЩп֪жô»صϡ
ٹոףҶСı찲ˣ֮ǰҶƽͶ˵˲ʮ飬Ҷܿľ
СӣȥĶϳǵĳء
ȣСҵĳеΡ
˵ʲôأӣбɣȥ
Ҷһ⳵˾ΧֻǻûҶ쿪˵˵ȸˣҶĿɿڴΰ׶Ҳ͵İ
Ҷ첻֪ڵıǣĳȻѾҪȡǱ֮ΪƳ桱ĻǣҪվͷһ֣׼ͬʱͣǰ
һЩޱɣ֮ĳ⣬⼸ֳ⳵˾ҪһٲҪƤӡ
˳첱ӴֵģҶ̲סһ˵ȿȣλ磬ѧմλرУӵġ
ӸҶҲǱˣȻδڱһھƬҪ˵һ׼ϱץϹҶ⼸仰һڣǼ˶ʱͣס
٣˰Ǳˡ
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ĸѧģУǱأȥܿ
ԳЦЦ͸ղųֵٶһ죬ת۾ʧҶǰߵͦҶָ˴ѧУڵλá
ѧӰѧԺйϷѧԺѧ
ָķҶû߼·ͷһŴͣÿͳǰ滹ӣӺид˸ѧУơ
ʱÿǰվ˲ˣΪ⼸ʱ䡣
ȱ˵ĴСӱ죬Ҷδ̫˵㣬߹ʱҲûʲôк
ҶҲżվڻѧǸԣ˴ԼʮӺǰ˶Ѿ˳Ҷó¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ǽϳ𣿡
Ҷ죬ϵԣϳӭͬѧأ
վӺ渺ǼǸԱлרŰͬѧʦ֣Ҷ¼ȡ֪ͨ󣬾׼Ҷһŷ֣Ҷʲôû
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ðɣϳɣһˡ
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Ҷ죬ڳվڵһᣬԾֽȥˣ㵹Ǻãˡ
֪Ǹղһ·С۵ģ᯾˵ʱǰ粨ΰţûκηֳһ˿Σţп㹴ճ޳˫ȣʱԱߵļˡ
ȿȣ㣬һЩ¼ˣΪǶأʵǶԲ𡭡
ǼҶıҪˣǸʱһϿҵı飬᯾ҲЩ˼˵ȥˡ
ûôɣ쵣˺þã˼˵û²³ġ
˵ⷬ᯾ɫӺˣҲ֪ΪʲôҶʱǲԾĻ¶ĵ˵Լ׵ܵƺҲûôĹ
㣬û£ллǵĹġҶ¶ʽЦݣ˿ʮ
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᯾·ʶʲôǰкһʮִϢӤһ㣬̲ס׽һ
ҪҶ֪᯾ʱ뷨ҲŮѩġ
᯾µûҶ֮Ϣһǳϰ׷ľǷ豹棬רᣬӤ
ҶȻԶϵʮϵϢҲʮִ
ڶҪ˵ҶˣȲ汾»ǽƭӣȱҪȡˣٿ̸ҲñһǮ
Ҷһջǣʹ˵˵ϵı鶼ΪСеġ
߽·ϸʮϳ˾κ͸˵ҲǱҶ첻˶ٵ᯾ˡ
㣬⳵쿪ˣҡ
Ҷ쿴˿ΧԼߵļΪϳأ벻֪Ը˵⻰֮Ǽ޲ס졣
ţ㡭ϵǻѧ
ҶĻ᯾ע⵽Ҷ쾹Ȼվڻѧı㴦ɳһɽ¶ˮĴкϵľȻҲȫһָУ


074 ͵
ŮǵӰѧԺǱߵİɣ
ûҸտǱߵĳġ
С˭ôţõӰѧԺ׷
ǰδĴѽͷȥѧУҪʶ˵ܽʶӰء
Ҷں᯾˵ŻǼҲһ˽⻪ѧѧȻ֮ӣҲоӺһ˵ղڽӴʱ۾ûӰѧԺǱ߳
ҲǣЩѧУΧ·ҲǶǱ߿û취ȻӰѧԺ٣ǿŮͷʾǰٷ֮١
㣬Ҫϳˡ
СҶ㰡ӴղſɵĻˣǵİɣ
Ҷɲվﱻ˹ۿ׼᯾ǵʱ򣬺ȻϴһĻ
ǳ°̰
Ҷ̧ͷһЦ֪϶㲻ȥģ˵°̣ллǣûµģˣҪͬѧȥѧУ𣿡
԰ѧǺãѧУﻹд׼סٻȥ
ҶĻ󣬳°̲ԾŪѧѧĸ׵Խûʲô⣬һĸ׶ڶӵĽ
ʶҶĵ͵ٿ°Ū飬᯾һΪԼϺŮ˵ݣоЩˣæ˵°̣Ҳǻѧ˵һϵͬѧء
ССҶҲǻѧ
᯾Ļ󣬳°̵һʱŴˣԭǿˮĴϺһ㣬˲
ڻϵʱ򣬳°̾ͲϴӵûϻѧǺѧһôû뵽൫ͦϲ꣬ȻҲǻѧ
ԼӵľګͨʣҶĳͲö˵ˡ
Ϊؼǣһʮ߰кá͵֣Լȴﴵ겻ѣ°̶ʱеԼʮǰ׻ˡ
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ȻҶ첻µˣǲѧУỹǽһܱȶҪǿö࣬Ϊѿܲæ˾лͻỵ¡
ǣǵ˵Ϊ̳ˣǺޣϷԮȣֱӵ˹
ΪûзԮȹҲһ֮ǳôķ粨ҶԣǾԲԼǺ޵Ļġ
⺢涮£̸ðϳɡ
һ˵⻰һ԰ڵĸоҶ˵ȴԵرϣĻ󣬳°̵ɫҲָ
лл̣ԼþУ㣬˰Ժлȥ桭
ҶЦŰ˰֣תҪϰͳȴֱ᯾סˣҶ죬ҵĴţʱҴ򴫺Ҵȥ䱱ǡ
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νȱѡ¡СȱǡǮȨϵŮлϥ£ľǸ֡
ЩҶԺеġء֮ѾȫڻͨҲзɵη
Ҷȴʼ޷ҵγĹ켣ڣԶϵ˵ЩഫĻҲòţٽѣ˵պٻء
ûôû˸Ǵţ
ȵͳߺ󣬻ѧ㴫һ󱯺Ϊ缸ԱһۻĶǰۣ˵أ

Ȼһ֮ˮŨأÿ֮
ڴͳϣҶŴľɫȻûжÿ߷ҶҲܿľųǵĲ֮Ԫԭ馶ʱ򣬱Ȼиָ㡣
ʻ뵽԰Ҷ˼Ҳ֮Ʈ˻Ļʼ԰֣յĹѧҶ֪Ҫȹѧˡ
ڻ԰ռǧĶԺϵ֮ԶÿԺϵ˱רҵӭµ㣬ԴͳΧУ԰һȦڸӭµ㽫Ƿȥ
׵Ҳͣ˳ҶĬĬر۾˺һڲٳϵӭµ˹ȥ


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Ҷ컹ûߵٳһű㣬ͱһסˣƾõӭ´ͳѧһѾܶˡ
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Ҷ̧ͷű㿴һ£üϵԺӭģﱨ֮󣬶иȥϵݰѧȡԿ׵ȵȡ
ҶĻǰǸƺǸѧɲϻͷ֣ǽϵġ
ˣϯлл
źһӺܳһʮͷĴкﻹֹһˣŽӵˣϵʮˣϵҲʮ˰
Ҷ⣬Ǹ֣ĻЦЦҲû˵ʲôǰһ򵥵ĵǼǡ
ʵѧƹƳѧĿƻ߽ˣһ㶼ᱨͬãɴҲбϷͬõ˵
ԭҶƽûдӻҵҶ챨壬ǹ˼˸׵뷨ΪԲһζѡ
ѡרҵʱҶҲͷ˺ܳʱ䣬ȥѧףȫĸУҲûſγ̣ѧȻҲˡ
ڸ׽ʲôϢ̵רҵҶѹûǣɲպԼ˿ȤĹ
Ҷѡ˽Ƶרҵô˵йŽ벻ˮأҲǺҶѧʮ֪ʶմ߰ɡ
Ҷͬѧǰɣҽ֣ǽһѧʹȥѧİţʲôҾͺˡ
λϯҶ찲ŵǿʣȻӭӵĲŮҲ㹻飬־ͽӹҶϵı
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Ҷ죬ôˣǿ÷Է
Ѿ߳ʮ׵֣һͷ˶ˣæܻȥҶһѣһ߳ͷĸӣȻһװ˶Ҷ졣
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˳ҶĿ⿴ȥ֣ϲ¶Цø첲ͱҶ죬˵ͱָˣǻϵŮұ㻹һ죬Ҫѧġ
ϵģҶŤͷʵ
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Ӵһ磬ҲоЩˣɴͷ˶źŵȻͲɧˡ
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ѧ㣬֪ᶼˣٲȥ˰
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ţΧЩѧҲɵۣϴȻƣҲɸɾǼԲϷˣ
Ϸ˵ͷð֣ǳĵϷһѧܵϷѧ㣬ڻʷòƻͷһɣ


076 
ţ˰
ţһ챨͸ҵϷУ
ĸϵģԺҪȡȡƾƤʹݲУҲϸϵˡ
ΧһĻѧ޲ǾȵŴ죬ȻŮӺ֮˵ǻǵһεļ
ںһ˰֣֮ȷӦ˹һסҶ죬˵Ҷ죬㡭ʲôͬѧ𳵻û˯ѣⰡ
ڴѧУŮǻܵ˺ǻģѧŮ߰Ҳ֪жǰԱˣ֣ǲҶ̫ܴ
֣û뵽ǣƺûĻһֱڿԼߵҶ죬ƺŭлһ˿ϲ
Ҷ죡׽ŪңҡҺƴˣ
õȴۿɽû뵽ǣǰȻƲǱɽŮҲٶɫţڷһ֮ͻȻԱ˹ȥצĳǸ˹ȥ
ٺ٣ЦЦţԽԽƯ˰
Ҷվϴ΢ЦҲŵСȭͷϡҶԺʱֻصʮǰһСŮƾɵУ԰һ㡣
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һһֱԹΪضʱǸŵ˻ѧǷȥҲûзҶ֡
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Ҷ쿴ĹĵţС˵֪ģ˱ѧϰֲãһ꼶ѧ㻹𣿡
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ѧʲôطȫʡи߿״ԪܽģҶ˵ϰһܿϵĻÿûвμӸ߿ˡ
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źҶ˵˵ŻȻоЩԣԭӵı㣬ôͻȻžأ
ıһŶʱ糺죬СٳеĿ⣬ϡ
ҡ̫ҡˡ
ҶҲһ㣬ʱ飬ղʵ̲ס붺Ǹñ˹עȴҶĳԡ
뵽˴Ҷæһڷ֣˵ѧȥɡ
ߡߣȥ֣Ҷһع
Ҷ죬ܣҴȥһסҶ죬أҴͬѧȥæŵ㰡
ǰʱҶȥһϺ͸һС󣬾ͽڳתתһתǼûſɲҶܵ
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𣿿϶һԣҹƻ÷һġ
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ѧУİǸΧס˸ղźҶ˵ѧɲⲻ֪أԼһѧϯûУ˵仰Ȼһˡ
Ҷ죬ôô
ۣϵĺһֱûȥ
ʵղżҶʱķӦûжŮ֮飬ֻǼ˶ʱҪĻ飬һλе˹һʶķӦѡ
ЩۣȴôƽˣʱҶӰӣͼ֮ǰǸҶ죬ټߵҶ죬غ
žȻ֣ĸʱڵӰȻӡҲֻ˲ʱҶ졣
ҶҲԼΪʲôһž׽ŪҲ֪鲻ĹˣЦ˵ѧ㣬ĶˣȻᱨҪҳԷ
ãҶСѧܣһѧԷ
Ҷһѧ㺰üЦ˵ԼǻǱҶ۸ĲУھȻԼѧܣǸԼ۸ĺû᣿
⡭ʲô˰ȻҪŮ͡
˵ĶԻ󣬸Աߵ֣ͬѧʱ˱ƽ˵ֻҪŵͷҪԷܴӻŶŵȥ


077 
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ȾŶңѧѧҪһˣһѧڳԷס޼ѧѣʡŵ㻨ҲҪǧǮġ
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ҶִӰͳһǮѰʦ֣һͷ඼ǼҳģúһôǮĺټ
ҰֱȽæ˵Ҳû͵ѧҶЦЦǮ˹ȥ
װʲô
ԱƲƲ죬֪ҶǮûǮģ˵ǰҶǴΣǻ䲻ʮҶ죬ʹźüǧǮˡ
Ų֪ϵÿκҶɽ֮󣬶Ὣ;˿׬Ǯ޼ĸ׳ȥҶЩȻû׬Ǯڻ治ôԣ
ҶȻ˷ֻ˰쿨ǮȴûֵŲֵʵҶ죬ôֵ
Ǿͳٰɡ
ҶóٿǮ˹ȥٿǮʵҲװӣܲ˵Լ̫ʳóԷŵ˰ɣ
ھ˻֮Ҷ;УҸСݣ̸һ¶ǮȻ󽫳ԷǣһӪܱ֤ҲٱΧˡ
Ҷ컹׼Լ¯ʱʱҵҩųԣ˵ϵļҩطɶǵ幬ģɫζѡ
ѧУòʹõ¯Ҷ쵹ûǣ궼ôģʦԼԱĶʮַḻ
֣İæ£Ҷѧĺ˳
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֣Ϊ˺ϸģõԿ׺󣬷Ҷһʲôû˵Ҷ죬㻹ûɣҪҪҴȥѧУ̳
ã鷳ѧˡ
Ҷ˵ͷԸߵ˵ţҪȻȥʰһԷ
Ȼ˵иŮߣȷĿǱ˿ŮʱͿԼʱȫͬĿ⣬ҶͬѧǳԲһ۾ﶼ̹Ⱑ
ҡҡͷ˵ãûѧҺһȥ
ҪͬУ˵Ī֣ˣȻûУŮʲô˼ϵŮడͨʶôһѧҲû׶
ѧڵ̳һεĳУӷ赽ϯӦоС
ѧ˰þˣʲô
Ҷ򵥣һ߹ȥҪʲôֱӾŲ䷳İţʱʱѯҶ
ҶĻŲ˵ôǴĴİɨѸӶˣûȥҪǶأ
ãã˵öԣá
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ҶǷ̬ܵȣԱѧˣǲĿѣ˭߸Ůæѡ˵Ȼġ
Ҷ죬ѾˣôϯҶѡһϯȴǲ죬Ųֵʵ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ϰ˯ϯˣɡ
ҶϰĵѪаȻ䲻󣬵Ѫ֮ʢһЩϰŹʮ˶Ȳ
Ȼʱﲻֵĳ̶ȣôҶļϴˮ裬ûһӣҲһ͹ˡ
áҶ첻飬һ䡣
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ֻҶ쵹ûô⣬ǰںȻʦϺ̲ǷˣŮиֻ̫ƽ飿
ιذϾͺˣȥԷãȥѧУſڡ
ŴŵİóһܡСɡķֻ˵˼֮͹˵绰ͷ˵ǿѶŵᣬȥԴ֣ͣѧһȥ
ҶҶͬѧҡҾͲȥ˰ɣ
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СͣؼǿͷһһҪһѧڵѳûôѽ
ȥɣ֣ѧѧǴ绰Ů
Ҷ쵹֣һȥȻҲǺ죬ŮһԷиƵĿ϶ҪԵһ㡣
ãǰʰ궫Ǿȥ֪Уһһ겻ҶĻ֣۾ʱ
˵ǸصŮȻƯڻԣҲŮֵԼȥһѧڷˡ


078 
Ҷ죬ϳҴɡ
ҶѶŵһ˵֣֪гſڿҡų
ãллѧҶҲûֱ˺ϡ
Ҷ죬ұ꣬ʲôѧˣԺ֣ɣڴѧûгǺܲģͷҴȥֵġΪʣµ⣬֣обҪҶùϵ˵ûʶҶʱϵŮʱƹԼҪ˵һԷˡ
Улл֣ˣͷҲһҶ˵ͷҲˣڻ԰Ҫûгζϲˣȷ˵һڿڻѧãڶھҪȥ¥˵Ŀһ㣬ܹȥĻ˵˹ƿҲˡ
ţŮȣ̫˰ɣ
ڻ԰һŴźظгʼãѧ˺ؾЩͷˡ
ˣţСö˵˵ôʶģ
غȻһתҶϣ緢Ǽ£ǿѶƤЦˣûô軵
صĻŴ󼱣æ˵ʲôС飬ҺҲͬѧ˵Ҷ졭Ҷġ
뵽Ҷ촩ŵһСӣž̲סЦ֪ôȥˣҶǲǻľҪ˿
ӴţôЦôɧǻ÷أ˵˵ǽӹ𣿡
ЩŲͬؿڵıˣϱһСƢʲô˵
Ѿͷ˵ʲôѽ졭ܲصĶˣŮУſڴ벻֪ȴ·ͬѧ۸
Ҷ죬˰Ҹ£ҵͬѧأҲҵĺýãأҶ죬λ֣ѧ
ֵʱſҶѾվԱߣߺظҶ֣һ
ţŻ˳۵ġ
´Ҷһ֮ͻȻ˵Ҷ죬ʵôƭֵģ˵ôк׷ء
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ҶһӣǱ鿴ﶼЩˣѵǾֻͬѧ𣿡
ˣҶˣȥԷɡ
ԱߴԲҶ˽⣬ͣڰǰǸСϣ֪ҶҪʹʮضǶ֡
ѧھʱһѧһ͹ˣȻѧߣ˲ٲҵΧССǷꡣ
ȥ԰ɣҺⷹϰġ
֣ҷǸĴѧвټҳͬһģǻ𱬣Ѿˡ
֣ûţҵϰ󣬺ܿҪһ¥С䣬ҶͦģоЩˣһԶˣֻᱻΧۡ
λŮ˰ɡ
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ǸҶͬѧӷ磬ɡذѲ˵ݸҶ졣
ãҶҲûŲ˵˸ԧ׺һЩˣȻ˲˵ԷԱ˵ʮʮţɡ
찡Ҷ죬㡭Ī˵ĶģûԷˣ
ԭ˽ҶĻǱβ͵èһʮʮţ⣬ö˲ܳ갡
Ҫ֪ڻ԰Χķ궼ѧ⣬˵ķǸĺģһţһҶһҪ˶ʮ̣ǶʮⰡ˵ˣź֣Ҳһ
Ȼ֣ĵĻЩ˵ļ۸
һţ߿ǮʮɾһʮǮˣټϱˣ½һٷҪСǮ֣ѧǮء
ԵĲ࣬ûԶеˣţ鷳֣һˣٷ롭
Ҷʲôϼ˵ı鿴۵֮󣬶ʱǵҲյĲˣܿó֣ļҾҲһ㣬ñδ̫ˡ
ҶҲ֣֪ܳԣأŹϵãԺٲһԷûҪǰװ˹Լӡ
УҶ죬򵥣Ҫ׻˵˵ܲҶ⻰֣ѧȻҪһˡ
֣磬СһֵĻɣ´Σ´ˡ
ҶĻϼ˶Ц֣Ҳû֣Ѿתˣ⸽ûٱ˵ķ갡
ڻϳԶҶԵľҪ˹ĶˣҲԵģǶʮţ⣬һĶӡ
Ȼ䶳ţ̹֮ЩˮҶһҲ߰˽⣬ټ˺ĸͷֱ⼸Ŀɿڴ


079 
Ҷ죬㡭ǲСʱûԹⰡ⡭ȫˣ㡭û°ɣ
ؿűɨһյ滹ĸ߸ߵӣѾǾ㵣ǾµıˣҶĶƤſ
ѧ㣬СʱԲ⣬˲֪ΪʲôôܳԣЦҰ
Ҷ조󡱵ЦЦôߵĴкʱصﷺһֹŹֵĸоԼҶĴֳӣһܲӦõ顣
Ųñ˿Ҷ죬æ˵أҶСʱﲻǺܸԣ˵ЩǷûʲôֵġ
ҲͶ
ؼЩˣһЦĿڵҶͬѧó֮⣬ʲô
عҶ죬ýõġ÷ҪæѰѹذɣ
ȻĿǰкȽ⣬ƢҲʲôᣬǸԻĻδ䲻ˡ
˳Իʲôţҿ϶ǲġ
Ҷüͷһ˼еģ˵Ļȴ߼ͬʱĲˮ˳
εǣҶ˵ʱıƫƫޱ棬ȫڿЦʹصҲ֪¶ʲôıˣһĿЦá
ҶȻһİƣ˵ˣһѧ㣬Ҹһ԰ɣ
Ҷ죬㡭֡ҶĻ죬ȴû˵ʲô
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ŵı飬ֵʵţôˣĻɣ
û˵أˣһʵ࣬Ļˮء
˵ѧ㣬죬ɲԩ˰ۿʦһʮŴˣڵϵʮˣųֱһǧ𡭡
ҶЦŴŵĻҲ֪ΪʲôǴѧǳ˵Եʣķſ࣬ЩͬѧЦʱҲû˸ʱĺܶɻ䡣
Ҫ֪ҶУ˵һֶ֮⣬ûκ֪Ҷ쾫ͨˮ֮ġ
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ŮҲǾߵһ仰ʵǴ죬죬ֲ٣ܵӰ죬ÿˣһ㶼ֿ
أôҲϹְҶץסѵڲ쿴ţûɵظеһꡣ
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˵ҵֺǿָ಻ǿ·𣿡Ҷץסûһᣬؾͽ
ֹţʳڡ
Ҷ쿴һۣûЦ˵˶Ե裬Щ
㡭˵ʲô񾭹أ
ҶλǱβ͵èһ㣬һѽ˻ȥǰвţ˫۾ͬʱҲݺݵصҶ죬Ƕмʡ
Ҷ죬˵
ҲָҶȻؾɳһЩȽʵ飬˵ϣһŮôܽأ
Ҷ쵱Ȼ͸ŮȥϾˣŵĻ󣬾¿˵ԣԣҿˣѧ
⻹࡭
صɫÿһ㣬ջ֣˵ѧܣ㻹ʲôˣ
ʵԼԸôر˭Ҷ˵û˿ŵĵطӳڣûϴһ·ûϲģԵԡ衱ֵ۵ġ
ѧ㣬˵滰ᰤɣҶЦЩУ·͵ǸʮСкغ
˵ٻŰء۾ֵ
ðɣƶȥˣվй©һ
Ҷڳһӣ˵ҹСָָװȱ𣬿˲ã¸µ㻨Ǯ϶ûˡ
˵п࿴ָ׵İ˵ˣһµ㻨Ǯżǧѣûеģٺ٣Ҷѧܣοɲ´ˡҶĻץסѱһ㣬ٺЦ
Ҫ֪ؾǱˣڴդԱм׷ӣͨͿ׬˵һͰȻǰʱһѹʵүͻͻǡ
⼸дţصĸְʽͶ˽ȥȻһдͷÿ׬Լĸ¶ǧ㻨Ǯ˦Ů
Ҷ˵¸㻨ǮûУֱӾ͵Цˣϵָͷ¶һ㣬Ҳÿµĳ㻨ˡ


080 ͬѧ
ǶǴҲ֪ãˣҲûȥˡ
ҶЦЦҲû磬ͳٿǮϰʣػĹĵصҶ죬ȻҶ˵ģȻˡ
ǱȽ˽Ҷ죬һȻȥʲôںʱ򻹴СеԼͣһСĵģ
֪Ҷд壬ʮǴʱҶóʮƱȥ·ܿǲŮ򵥵ġ
ȴǲ֪Ҫ򵥣ҶҲǾԲܾģĵֻĿеѣʱȻû֮С
߳˳ӣҶ˵Ҷ죬Ҫȥˣҵĵ绰֪Ҵ绰Ҵȥ䱱ǰɡ
ãҵʱ绰
Ҷ˵ͷһԵأ̾˿˵ѧ㣬ͶзգҪϣȻ¸µ㻨Ǯûˡ
˵ʲôأ
ҶĻһڣ־ţ˵÷еĪ߰ɣҾԲݴˡ
ֺ˵Ҳ㡭Ůųӣ뿪ˣöصҶ֣ߡ
֣磬߰ɣȥгǲʲô·Ӱ
ҶղųѧУʱע⵽ˣ⻪ѧڵĽͨȫгԵĹһ£Ҳڼϣ浱Ȼȫ³ˣڻΧ϶н׶ֳĵط
ҶĻ֣Ц˵û֣ߣʮǮһҪԼˡ
׳ҶһٴͣҪصĵ绰룬֣»ص
Ҷյһŵ޳ӵ̯λϣ֣ϰֹ˰죬һ߳µıг
ϵܣʲô±һ֣֣һ˶ۼӵġҶص¥£֣гҴ뿪ˡ
֣ͬѧǼҪȥǰо£βܺϵǰŮǸ꣬ɲΪԼѧܸĶÿ㻨Ǯкüǧصġ
ͬѧ˭ҶһƿԼţ漸˾ͬʱ
סģҺãҽҶ졭ΣҶ΢ɲüͷ
˵᲻Ҷڣһ棬ҶкʲôǼҳˣæŸ̡
ѧܴķҶʱðͷǱ˵ɣҲϵġ
ҶͬѧϵĸףҶӣԺǾͬѧˣ໥һ£ˣһȥԸҲһԵ
һʮ˺ܻ£ҶܿóλҲǳϵˣ仰û˵ͳ˷ʮа˾žˡ
лл塭
Ҷòص˵ͷȥԷߵļЩ˴ϻûء
Ҷ죬ҽгңԺϡ
ҽаԽգ֣꽭еĸ߿״Ԫ
ܿ뻪ѧˣϲһ㣬Զ֮ӣ̺̲һĸߣҶ߹ȥ˾໥ҽܡ
ǺǣҺãԺҪһ
ҶʱıֺҲ࣬ǰ⼸˵ֲµӣԺҪʱҪദҶɲһֳʲôì
ͬ˺׾ҵͬģټҶļʶ⼸кԱߵļҳ
СʱҶ첻˼˵ĵϸӮüһµĺøУúͬѧܲ
ȻҶϣɽˣӱҶ컹һЩֵģǰ˸ӣȻú۸䣬ӵȴϣЩơ
Ǻϳɳˣ˵΢һͷߣҲ࣬˵ʱĺϸ˶øС
ϾˣҶ컹磬ǸĴкҶ쿴ó£ҲǲĻġ
Ҷ򵥵ĽϯڴϣȥĶϲֵʵҶ죬ôϯӰҰִӣҪȻһ
ţǰѾˣ˯ϯӲаɣӣϡ츸ӵĻ󣬴ſùһ졣
лл壬һ㵽һһ²Żӵģ˯ϰߡҶЦЦȻܾ˶Էĺ⣬ȴû˸оС
ʰô̺󣬼ҳֿʼɨҶҲŸһٵȻҲԹˣ츸һֱҶ춮¡


081 
µıѾֳһľҲˬʱ¶Ҫ߰˶ȣҲҪϳˡ
Ҷӣôô磿Ҫͷ缸Ͱ
ҶӵʱʹӴˣȻĶᣬǰ˯߱Ƚǳİˡ
֪ˣ˯ɡҶǸЦЦŵĴЬӣ߳ᡣ
ϸڵʱϼ˵ļҳһ飬ҶҲһٶǮϴεĻ˴ο͡
˵Ͼ飬ҶС缸پƺǹõǶһˡ
ľѵڵһѧ֮ſʼģȵסѧУдļҳȥһȺѧӵĴѧʽʼˡ
ִѧҶԣȴһЩĵطȾǳԷ⡣
ȻҶ첻Ҫÿٷô࣬һЩϰҪʳĵġ
Ϊ˲űˣҶ⼸춼ûô˶ֻ峿ȥܲϰʮ굼Ҷоܲϰߡ
ϢʱˣҶϢʱǳɣʮ֮ǰһϴϢǸ缸ҪƣҶһȶаȥסͷˡ
ҶҲˣڻšԲ԰Ŷľ¥кܶƽ⡣
ȥһ඼Щ˫ɶԵĴĴסģ̫ãҶҲֻܴͷ
򵥵ϴһ֮Ҷܳ¥һ·չ˫ۣ塣
ʱϾԢδ޽ѧס¥ʹѧְҲԶȻϾһ㣬ʩƣΧ̲࣬ľ񣬺ɽɫɫʮš
Ҷʱ򲻹ͷУ԰ѾԿڶˡ
ܶͷ̫̫һɫģĴ̫ȭ̫һЩϵѧѽѽڵɤӣѧʦ϶¶һʵ̬
Ȼ˲٣԰ʵ̫ˣһľĵطǺ׵ģҶܹһƬС֣־ͷĺվס˽Ų
˺üĵطλòûЩͷȭȴҶһȴǸպùá
ҳֺͺߵĿҲʮ£ûгȾҶҲһأ˴ţµĿҲԣӯڵԪ
ںվסźҶڳһ׮ӣ˫Įӿĺ棬촽΢ţÿȻг䣬ȫɳ
˴Ŷʮ֮Ҷһһ֮Ƴ
ʱ羨ĺһɿü͹ʺ£һֱ쵽СĴߣʱǴ˿ƾϸ಻һȫ⡣
ҶϰʮصҡϢϵĻ˵֮С
ԼվһСʱߵһͻȻԺ澡ͷִ
Ҷʱպһȫ³͵һɽɾһ㣬Ȼ͡죬ҶֱоӯһɾԪ
޵˵ľ򡢳ɾ͡ȫ鹦ԼŬǣĵõɮҪʹǻۡ
Ҷʿ׷ɳԹŸ
ղҶɵĵһ峿⣬ڵомҪĵλ֮ΪֱվԵкô
һ븹УҶ΢е˫۽ڳߵʮΣҺֳ£ſ۾
ĴߵĻԪҶ첻ǰһավʱΣҲһԪ壬еġǡʧЩȫԼյġ
ҶռΣϺٻܵԪɣԼֱӹ˺飬Ȼʮģ

Ҷչһ壬žž죬Ȼһ£ʼȭȭ·ЩϷ滺ᣬҸ͵кܴĲͬ
һСʱվ׮һСʱ·ϰҶ˹֮Ѿߵˡ
ֶˡ
ﴫġҶ첻Цһ¡
Դʮһγɹ֮ÿһվ׮ϣǻоꤣҲֱӵҶķҶƽЩ׬˲Ǯ¶Ƕˡ
һ·СʳãҶͳʮӣȻѾ򷹵ʦ㣬˾۹Ķӡ
ȻصʱʮѾҶʮʣʮ˯ڵġ
Ҷ죬գȻȥתתɣһˣûУء
ϼҲѾˣô˵ǻǴһıԶԶȲϴЩ


082 Լ
ỹѧУܻΪĲָͬС塣
ҶҲˣһһҲ࣬ĸ˶ͬһרҵͬһģҶÿԼȥ֮⣬ʱ伸춼һ
Ҷղųȥʱ缸һĩɴȥתתҲҪ찲ų¥հΰɡ
죿
Ҷ챾ҪȥģϵĻվס˽ţУԼˣȥɡ
֣Ҷ˻˵ǽ˵ڻ山ŵȣɲǸɫѣʵǼԼˡ
ͷ˵Ҷȥɡ
Ҷ죬ԼеĻŮİȴǲϷŹҶ죬Ȼһڼһ𣬵˵׼Ҷ쳿ʱҲܽʶŮ
ŮģǰͬѧҶЦЦҲûҪദ꣬ûҪ¶
СɫѰУҪ缸һȥԹֽ
ѧǲϵŮͬѧʵ̫ˣŮѹûУΪһȥϵû⵨ӡ
ҶиͬѧҲڻ壬˶ʱ۾ͨǵĹϵʶŮѵѣǴѧŮѵ
ǰҶ죬Ǽȥñ߹İһ򻰲ĳҲ̧ͷҲǸɧļһ
첻С
Ҷһ£˵컹еҪ죬ɣ˿ΣһԶٷô
ҶһˣҲûȥ˵լӿĻȥ̽̽·Ҳ˽һ¹ù״һȺˣȴЩ㡣
ãͣô˵˰Ҷ죬ȥϴɣȵ˵㡭
Ͽȥֵģ˼ȴϸ¾Ͱö
ߵʱǮöӶύһЩѣ˵԰ҵˣĸҵڲһ̳
˸ˮҶ컻ţTг͸УŴ˵ˣѾ
ŽҲһţп㣬ȫ˳һɫĴTȴԳһŮӵഺѧУſ޲߳ԶҪͷһ¡
Ůˣ˺ܾ˰ɣ
ҶгǰٺٵЦҲֻǰҶŻ¶ſӵԸ
˭ܾˡ
ҶϵĴţŵûɵĺһ£ǲǾǴ˵еġװ죬㲻Լأ
Ҷ죬ҶֲûǮҲֻɣŽˡ
֪Ϊʲô⼸Ҷ죬˵ϵԺᶼȽԶһŮҲ˼רȥҶ죬ԼҶЩԹ
ٺ٣ţҰֵǮҰֵģҪҲ׬Ǯ˵
ҶЦŽгͣãǽȥȴҪߵȥʱ䶼·ˡ
ŵĻҶﶯһ£֮ǰϰֵӦʱҪˣͷҪҪ绰һأ
˵ҶϲϰֿǮ׻˵ˮ磬ҶƽЩһֱ˳˳֣Ⲣһ£ԵСҲҶƽ̵ʶ̳ն
ҲֻҶƽһʱͷЩȣ˽ǣҶ˳ȻˣȻӱҪĹʺҪġ
Ҷ죬ȥȥú԰ǵ֪ҶǵһεԿѯ
ȥʹɣȻΧĺԺ
һҶȷȥʹ˹ˮƽĹŴ˵լӣھʹǺԶĵط·ȥҲʮӵʱ䡣
ãߣȥ
ȥŵνڱһˣȥξ϶ȥˣȫΪҶ졣

Ļ·һռʮƽ׵С˶֪Ϊӭ1999˻޽˴塣
˻һ𽥷չΪĴ͸ߵסʱ׷ӵˣǷǸǸס档
֣ôûȥ
˴ڵһ˯ϡɵĴԼ˳ÿĩؼסܼ׵Ĵȴָ
Ѿͷֲ̣Ҳڼȥﰡ
һԺŮЦһ˶ˣûĻ˸ŮȴԺ
ǮȨ˲٣ƴҲƴˣҪƴŮߵ˵ԼҹŮڻѧǻõӦء
Уػûȫ˯ѹĴԣƺ뵽˵ʲô


083 
ŮǱĺܣüͷʵѾͷôû㻨Ǯ𣿰鷿ǧǮûǮ˾ȥá
׻˵кŮͷǮ˶ˣڱһЩȦС顣
ԸȻԺãĿɲ٣ɲŮΪǮʲô˵
㻨Ǯ
ղˣһԣ㻨ǮǸȻڹǰ԰ڣڻѧУһ١
ԴҶԹʱһֱǷ߷߲ƽģ˵ҲͰˣȻ˶ˣû㻨Ǯǲ˵ϰҪǮ
ʲô㻨Ǯʲô
Ů˵Ī˵Ѿͷһҵģ߶߶İô£ǲ̸ˣҸ˵ѧ׼̸ҴСӵȡ
ǹˣ֪£С£ʮа˾Ǻ͸йصģɲ뿴ŮôС̸
֣˵ʲôأ˭̸ˣذϰһ̸ۣˣţǸͬѧҲġ
ŶϺǸСﰡ֪úܴڱЩġ
ǵ˵ͷϡͿģʵ㻨ǮʲôϵȱǮ𣿡
ϰ֣汿Ǹŵѣ
Լ˵ĵĵģǹϰˣȻ˵ǣҿó⼸ϿζߵģҲ֪ǸСôƭ
ʵҶ쳤ǺܲģüĿĸߴ󣬳ܳһ֮⣬ûȱ㣬ȻС㣬üĿͱС
ţأҪ˵֪ô𣿱𱳺˵Ƿǡ
ŮĻ˵ŮԸ˽⣬ֱڿģһ˵ˣպѶû
֣ôˣ
ϰһ٣صǳС˵¸û㻨Ǯˣ˵˵ʲôҪͶзգϣ֣ⲻǺ˵˵𣿡
ؼԵǲҶ˵ĻԭԭĶ˵˳һ߷߲ƽӡ
ţҪͶзգ
ŮĻüͷʱأǹеĻ˵ϰǳƱ𣿡
ǵĲ֪ļҵСӣŮ˻ȻΣصעЩСϷԼ۾
ûа극Լῴ࣬࣬ǡǳСӻ˵Եأϰ֣˵˲ʲô
Խ˵ԽȻ֪ԼڵģһʣȻʶڳԣҲΪһֿɰı֡
ţǸ֮ǰ϶ͬѧʲôģڵЩСкĥôƭŮѾͷˣҶԶԶء
Ů˵ĻҲûôϣΪھһڻгˡ߹ծ¼֮⣬һ·Ʈ죬˵װ֤ȥƱʤˡ
ǻлУֻҪҡţĹƱڶ̶ʱھܷϸʮ㲻¹ɣҲ׬ġ
ʽΪ飬һͶйɣһķᣬһҡб깺¹ɣӽ֮Ҫжүʱ˺üˡ
Ϊ˺гһëͷСӵĻȨΣŮӵСϷˡ
أͬѧԶٷָ˵˵
ʶҲкЩĥǲŮԼͬѧԶٷЩСŮ˵һ£ʡЩСӵĵ
õģ֣ãŲҵĻһġ
ϰֵĻظ˵ϰϡ࣡һڣȻıĻԼ绰ȥˡ
ѾͷεЦЦȴǳı顣

µıǣˬεĺüڣǼľ㣬ÿ춼ͷӿַǷ
ʹȺУرۣеĸߴʣŮ߹ο̲ͣסһ䡰ͯŮ
ʹռ֮Բ˵ϸϸһʱ䶼ֻܺҶԼָоΧľۣȴ˿ûϡ
߹һȺסҶ°ڣ˵Ҷ죬ˣϢ°ɡ
ȻҶһʹ죬Ҷߵʵ̫죬Ž֮󣬼ûһطͣţһ·ߵʹ̩ˣ·ǲ
ҶվסˣǺˮæ˵ǾϢ°ɣǱߣȥˮ
ҪȪˮˡҶȥˮӰϵƣƺһɨˡ


084 ʹķˮ
ţСû㶯ֶŰɣ
ڵҶˮţӵصĵ绰һ仰ͨ죬ʲôֶѽ
أ˵ЩҲˣҶ˵ˣֻͬѧСѧͬѧ
ء
绰һ˵زмһ˵ˣԼСĵ㣬ռ˱ˣˣҰ˵㵽Է
ֻǽӿúܣҪ˵ϰԷ⣬һ׼ˡ
ãлл壬ţ˵ˣȹ˰Ҷ˹æҶ˵绰
ţ˭ͨ绰أ˰ɣĿȪˮҶ콫ˮ˹ȥŵߡ
ͿȪˮһݹȥĻһֽȻҶ쳤ô󣬻ûĸŮһȥҶܴġ
ллͨ绰أ庰ȥԷ
ЦЦӹȪˮ׼šƿǵʱȴѾҶˣﲻеġ
ƱİɣҶʵ
ǰô֪ģҶ죬˵Ļɲѹ
ںýãŻǺάģڻѧһصСƢǰ˲ѧɧš
ã˵⻰ˡҶ̾˿˿ԺܼסЩĻ֪պαصأ
Ժ
Ҳټ⣬һˮЩֵҶʵҶ죬ôô찡öྰ㶼ûأ㱨ǽϵֻʹĽɣ
ϵ
ҶԿЦ˵ҲǰɣʹĽȺΰȻھֲС覴ãҲǹĹŽˡ
³ҶԼ֮⣬˭޷뵽֮Ա˸ϵΪͷˮ߶ѣ׾ѧרҵһ׼ᱨǸġ
ţ˼ΣܿʹĽ覴ˣ
Ǹж˼ŮΪҶ׽ͻͬ˵԰Ҷһۣ˵ʹλ֮һҲܿʲô覴á
ŵĻҶӣϵĿЦȴǸˡ
ҶĲͣŮζɲ̫ܣȻ죬ҲǸʮĴкһ֮󣬷ʵţ֪֪馼λ󣬴ʮ굽ʮ꣬һʱһʮ꣬ʹǰ˲ĴεĻ֣ʲôԭ𣿡
ǸղŹЩܹ𣿡
ѧŵģЩʷ˽⣬ЩۼĽõЩؽġ
Ȼ̫͵к͵͵ǰٱٻؽĴΡ
Ҷ˵ͷ޽ʹ֮ȻǸ˲ʹ뽨ӽĽǶȶҲһױȵĽڷˮڽϵӦã͹ڴֲˣ˵̫׷ȨϣһЩ
ˮҶ죬㲻ô껹ѧɣ
ҶĻЩţҲѹִ֣ˣʹûĻˣڷˮ̬Ҳǲмһˣ˵Щ֮ˡ
ţڷˮѧ˵УǰλãγɷλӲ濴ܣҲεģݣʧǱȻġ
Ҷʹʱίʵ⽨ķˮһ
ϸ۲ʹķˮں˸ĶԺǰҲûйĻ֣ЩҶûϸ˵ˡ
ߣ˵û㻹ǸС
ŶҶ˵ЩȫڿҶһ֮˵Ҷ죬ʹ㻹Ҫȥͬȥɣ
ڹʹţһׯµĸоŸеܲϱľĺͬǡӦȥİɣ
뵽ʣŵϲ˺Σ˶࣬ҶҲûע⣬벻֪ߵŮ¹һ㡣
ãȥͬ
ʹȷʵҲûʲôתͷˣҶվһ£˵ţҰǱˣ֪İɣ
֪ҪȻ㱱ô˵ôãСʱǶĽء
ҲǸŮԲɴ۾˵Ҷ죬㲻ỹڱɣ
ԣڱϲңǾͲ֪ˡ
ҶҲûţЦȴǺܿɬǸʲô鶼пܷǼ飬ȴøһֱھôꡣ
ҶЩı飬ûɵһʹһץסҶС֣˵Ҷ죬ȥӺ𣿡
㲻ƭȡͬ𣿡
ҶȻЦһٽţЦ׷ȥŮЦصڹʹϿա


085 ĺԺ
ĺԺȺԺ֮һ֣νԺһԺ涼зݣĺϷݣΪԺǺԺ
Ǯ˼ҰԽĸԺΪǰںԺֲľԹ͡
ĺԺǽΧߴǽڣӣֳһַԡ
ȫںԺԺסʮְʣϹرմţǳʺԼΪĵž
죬Ժлľʮҹﻨ㣬£ԺгϢ졢裬ȫҺ֣Ժʲô˿ģй˵ϰߡ
дԵľסǹʽլǹšǾסĴĺԺҲ˵ǱĺԺչ۷ʱڡ
йΪ⽨ֳᣬĺԺطչҲʼ·
վֻʹйᷢ˺ܴ仯񾭼״ÿ£ܶԭסŶԺľûķӣֻýķӳ⣬
סԽԽ٣ԺķԽԽ࣬ŶĺԺʼɶ໧ӾӵĴԺĺԺľסʷ˱仯
Ժ󣬱ͳĺԺʹϣǳ˸Եı仯
ƵıܶլԺ˽ΪǲΪյĹռУתΪһءѧУҽԺ׶԰ֲȹס
ʹùܵĸı䣬ʹýʹߵ֮ԽìܣյĽ˷ӽǽ졣
ЩΪסլõԺ䣬ѲΪռУΪ໧סġԺЩ;ϵı仯ʹĺԺѱյ䡢סźܰĺԺָ졢Ϸֳձ
ӹʹҶǴ˲߰˷ӣһƬĺԺĽȺ
峯ʱгǣһ㶼ǴԹǾסģҶ컹е죬ûүүλӵһԺӣ
ܶǸǽԺĺͬϢҶҪڹʹĶࡣ
Ҷ췢֣ĺԺӪ佲ˮءλȷÿľ߶ȣϱɵķˮ֮
ںͬڵĵطʱܿһЩϱڴ´壬ַ߹ʱһʺҶ챶ܰ
ҶһԿŮںͬԵЩۣЩزѾʼ߻ͬĻĺԺΣס˵Ҳûֳرĵط
XĺͬXXXšһլǰҶվס˽ţЩضլ߹ҵϡ
ֵ´ǰ׵׺ֵĹűߵӣҶеɵ̧ۣͷƺţûϰ˵ǵط
Ҷ죬ûɣҲһʵ
Ҷȷһƺţҡҡͷ˵ûôɽֵ´ˣ
λ£
ҶȥѯһµʱһʮͷŸϰ˴˳
û£ǻѧĺԺȤ￴
Ҷ֪ĺԺʮǰүүһסŵģڱ˽ֵ´м϶Щ¡
ԭǻĸ߲ôţȥǻĴѧ˵ļ֣ԭѾŵĽҲ˻ȥ
Ǻǣ뵹룬ǲ֪㲻ôƺ
Ҷ조󡱵ЦЦӰ﷭ڳһɽܱ׾˺װ˵һ
Ҷ첻̣ģϵĻ˵⣬ǰȾ̣ʲôһ׼ð졣
٣Сӵǻ£һĴѧһ
ҶٶЦӹ˵ΣƽˣǱ˰ɣôԺӸȤ
ΪıȽϺõһĺԺƽʱûȥϱȴǲȤƽҶĿӦǱˣԾЩ֡
ΣŮѲǱˣȥ
ҶĻɫһ죬ŭĵҶһۣȴڴˡ
ɣĩ˲࣬Ҵǿƽͷͬ
˭ŮѰƤ񡭡ҶС˵
ҶŶߵԭ㲻ǰǺãһͷνһ£˵㲻Ůѡ
ң
Ҷڶֻоһ飬ȴ˷һ
һĺԺ᷿䣬ǰбܷȣשԭָǰԺԺǽͨˣԵΪ
Ÿ״СĵطҶЩϻһĵı顰ΣլҪǷڹȥ˵Ǹ󳼵ľȴǹ˵İɣ
ǣⷿӲȨ˽˵ģҶֵʹõģҲΡ
ȻҶûʲô仰Ҷ˽⵽֪Ϣ


086 Ըͷ
Ҷ裿
Ҷһ£ԭΪһ׮񷿲ȨΪ¼û뵽ⷿӾȻҶС
ЩΪʷʱڱΪסĴԺȻ׷ӸջһЩûǰ˵λܾܿҶùõҶ裬ǰΡ
ҶҪջⷿӣռ˲ٱأҪ֪ĺԺÿķö٣칫ưܲˡ
λλǸ߷ڰôõլԼҲסǰ칫ˡҶ첻˵
ɲǣҲЩ£ӵĲȨҲεģ˵ܵܵûسǡףҺ˵Щﰡ
и٩үĳƺģӳ⳵˾ŵϴү٩ɽǾϲλ㹤Ҳˣ˵˵žͳԶˡ
ǺǣҲǺ棬ΣˣǻҪѧУȸ˰
ҶõԼҪ֪ĶҲûҪȥˣ˵ʵǷջԺӣ˵νģ⻹Ҫ¸׵
Сӣûʲôء
ĵδҶʹùģ׷һ䡣
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ҶԶԶӺͬﴫ˳һ㶣׷ʵʱ˵ӰѾʧںͬˡ
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ӱĺͬص˻԰Ҷڸ˸ķ겢󣬵õһλãУ԰ǵĻӭ
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Ҷ绰ɣŴӰͳֻ
ðɡҶҲûƴǣӹ˵绰ϰء
֣ңС졭绰ͨҶ챨Լ֡
С찡ѧУðɣˣ˭ֻҶƽǱߵźŲ̫ãЩƮ
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㡭ûУҶƽȻԷӵĹġ
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ȲҪˣȥ˷ǣ۸ΪԺˡҶƽЩƣ
Ǻðɣˣ֣սôˣԸͷ˰ɣԼ˵òŹĨǵģҶֱ˳
Сӣ˵ˡ
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ǰҶƽ㶦ϾһλڹʢͭרҸۣʱͱ϶ΪƷ
Ҷƽģȥ̼ʮģǰųԲʮ꣬Ҷƽʱң˺üʱŻ㾢
֣ԿҲδǻﻹвٺоͳּתһºˡ
Ҷ֪ڹڶԣҶƽĹıȽģϻڻ˲ٺöٿǮյ塢ʮĶ
СӲ֪ϰˣû궼ˡ
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Ҷƽոմ˼绰ּȱ˿õûǼ˾ͬĽ۸ѹȥǿҶƽʽת
һҶƽЩˣѶ˰ɣԼʧأɣ˵ĿŵķǮڲˣοÿ¼̵Ŀ֧һʲƵķá
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֣˼˰ɣЩˣһͷתһȥӦþܵˣתͺˡ
ϰֵĻҶϷӦ˹ϰôĹ⣬ҶƽҲĺܡ
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087 ûǮ
Ҷ죬ʲôˣӹҶĵ绰ſʵ
ҰˣǼٵģҪ
Ҷ˵վţ߰ɣȥתǮҰ֣Ҫ°ˡ
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ҧҧ촽ҶɫСĵĽ˵Ҷ밡Ұһֱ˵ҪллҶأ˵ǽǮֲǲҪ
ǰʱںȻҵһȽķ֯豸ڳҵļԱȥ֮һβʧʹ豸ڵĵԿư𻵣ˮ߶ͣ
ںȻ֮Թ豸Ϊ˹һ󶩵豸ڶ޲õĻʧҪˣϺ˲˶û޺ãںȻת
˵ҲɣǼҶƽϺʱżӣȥ¡
һ͹⳧ҵĵ绰ͨеרҵҶƽȻ豸޺ˣ˵ںȻǷҶƽһС顣
СӣҶ첻Ц˵⸱ӣǮͽǮ£ǲѵİ
˭ѣôƤԽԽˣƤҶ˵糺죬ĶŽš
ҶЦЦҲû磬˵ţҰЩһֱͦ˳ģԵСʲôŹξˣҪĻҰʦڵġ
Ǻðɣȥŵ˵ͷҲû˵ʲôҶһѧУſڵȥ
ǮҶָϰִ˸绰ȴôͨˣҲֻգ֪ϰһȥвġ
ȻڶҶƽͿ˶ӵĻ
ȻζôܣҶƽҲ֪˵ûֻҪŹЩ֪ԼȱʽȻ˻ļ۸ԸвƷġ
ϰֵ⣬ҶӿɾѹȻͷǧǮ俪ķҲ󰡡
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ҶʱҲˣǮ£ϰǻҪתĻԼʮĹ򣬾Ҫͣˡ
˼ȥҶҲûʲôð취ѧУﵹڹѧĹһһٿǮҶǱˮнԶġ
ҪȻȥȥ
ҶԺͻȻðͷҲ漴ʹˡ
ҶĨѧӣؼһϵʮ˵ݣȥŰ̯ʦ֪Ļٶˡ
ҪȥռԣҲҪϵ㵵βУʦҪװǮһεԽҶǮ
ʲôߣȥ򳡴ȥ
ԹصᣬҶڿ˼׬ǮƵʱϰӵڴϵϡ
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Ͻʮϴ󣬳ұҶ£϶ڰСҶ£ۣÿҲϴ϶ĳƺ
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Сȥͼˣ˵Ů࡭
ϲмƲƲ죬ɧУȥһˣҲûʶһã㿴ɣһȥҹ¿Ǽҷ곴˲
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˵ϴ󣬲˵˲ȥ𣿶ˣ۾ôô찡
ҶЩףǴڼģӣǺͶţϵĹţࡣ
ҶĻָ֣Ŵ˵ǴҶ죬ŮˣǸϵصİ
ϸڵʱҶԼźǸŮԼ˸꣬˵꣬ʵϴͣУһ١
˭ֵ֪һأʱΪˣڵҵ˴֮⣬뷽跨ĽӽˣЧȻô
Ըղһ¥˴ӲغţȻԸģҲԺɶɴ󷢣԰׵ٶȳὫҶ


088 
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ҶͷӴ¿һۣȻźأվھ᲻Զһ˵Ż
һҶȻ֣һвٵĴ˸ԴɼŮжˡ
ţïɰѩ˪ĪΪǩ
Ҷ쿴źصʱ򣬴ڴ̨ϵָȴʱһԣ϶ʱ¶Цݣ˯ͷˡ
Ҷ죬ʲô
ǸӣСҲ˳軵ˣֻб˵⻹ǵһεأһƼ¥Ҷͷȴ˵ܲ˵ľͺ
һԭ֪ŮᣬʱҲ䶯һȴƿһųಲӰ¶˳ȴŸеЩѿˡ
ֲǷģ˻̬ȡ
ҶƲƲԴ˹ţп㣬һ˶װǾٶһԵ϶ż޲Զְ·ϡ
Ҷ죬ʲô±Ů
Ҷ죬ϸͣܰ
Ҷſں¥ϵЩڶʱͬ˴ſڣΪУ԰ء
ѧҾʶ
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Ʋһۣѧܣ԰мŸûѧű椣
й϶죬һԵſǸеĲڣϻ˵æأˣ㲻˵ҶҸطȥ˵°ɡ
ðɣӣɵ
غ˸ʤƵģҶ˵߰ɣϱԷ
ĶѧԷ϶а۲ӵľ񣬼˵
ϣҳ鲻ǣʲôͷСһӶġ
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ˣҶ죬ˣ߰ɣȳȥ˵ǲȥԷҪ㡭Ҷ䡣
壿ְɣ϶⣬ŵĻ
еҪѧ㣡زصһۣҰ֣ôšҲȥ
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ĥô׷˹أȥŮĸأⴿһı֣Ȼûܵ֡
ҳôôû˵ҪȥȵҶ켸뿪֮ͻȻӦ˹ǶýӽصĻᰡ
ڵͬʱҲظҶԭ˺棬˼ǲҪʮƹˡ

ÿλؼҶɸ׵˾ͣҲ⣬һڵİµϳڻ԰ſڡ
Ҷ죬ҲҰ
ҶڵĸԼУţһֱ˸ɹǵĳ󣬶˵Լȴȱﲻסˡ
ôţ㻨ǮûˣҶЦʵ
֪СϢɪʲôŮ˲ģǲˡ
˾˵ĶԻ̲סĿҶ죬ЩͷˣҲأȴǵһμкؼҡ
ˣǶ˵䣬أ´βҶˡ
غҶ羢Ų֪ΪʲôǸеǴӵ￴˾زˡ
⻰һ˵ڼ˶ʱˣʮӹ󣬰µϳʻ뵽˴ڡ
Сڰþûˡ
ŵڿɳӵվЦӭȥӱ˭Ҳ벻⼸ˮһ롣
壬¸鷳ҵСѧͬѧҶ졭źܹɵĺ˸кȻԼҶ˳


089 ˭ס
λҶͬѧɣЦҶ֣ĿͬʱҶϴһ
Ҷĳ࣬ȻƲϺܿʣȴм㣬޽ü˫Ŀ۾õһμֺܻø
Ȼῴ࣬ˣ۹ҲȥҶɶ߿˼֣СҶ
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Ҷֺһ£ǸղڴֺγڿǣֻҶ쿴ҪһЩһɨջĿ⡣
ʮ䣬һҲ׳ƵĹƤȽϰ𪣬Ǽ׸룬ˣһ㻹Ǻܲġ
㣬˵ˮСҶȵʲô
кºǶվɳԵһ긾ŮԸһһ仰ȴҶġ
ҺȵȪˮͺˣ׿ˮҲСҶֵú⣬ǵԼһ㣬΢΢ɳϣⷿĲ
׷ھʮıԣǺլˣŴؾһ΢ͼɽɣˮ϶ѭ漸βһž͸оĿһ¡
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ӷˮĽǶ˵լˮν֮Ȼûаڳ󷨣Ҳܽɷ֮⣬һء
ɴҶܿװ׷ӵʱ򣬿϶붮÷ˮġ
ҶҲʣϿǲƲַ֮࣬ˮѣ˵ӦüǿģȴΪλͻȻ˲أ
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ӹķһȪˮҶջĿ⣬һöͭǮֱϰԼǰģ˵ǲڵġ
Ҷı¶һ˿죬Ů˵ҶСʱرĺԼװ޵˺ķȻûֳκεľĽ
۹⣬ȻܿҶ첢ǿ򶨣һҶȤˡ
̸кʹ̲࣬ʱҪƣ˭ȿ˵ͻø·硣
Ȼ˿̲ںҶ̸⣬ⳡϴˣҲԸһǰƣҲЦеؿҶһֲ¡
ҶµغˮͭǮȤشһʱ䣬ﾹȻûһ˿ڣԵЩ졣
֣Ҷİ۵С۵ô˵ѽ
ԱߵҲоķΧЩԾԴ˷ļž
ŮĻﵹ˿ϾԼˣ˵ȴһԲδЩòˣŮԲԼи̨ˡ
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ڱ׬Ǯһ棬ͷģǿ׼һʱڹĿհڣڹ׬˴Ǯġ
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˲һǮģӰȴǳĴͨ˲ƵˣٺеҲЩϸ
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ҲͭǮĻƷȻôһ䣬ﲢǺ⣬ͭǮ۽ƵģҪж١
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ҶĻЦĴָʳָסͭǮŵǰĲ輸ϡ
ţ
ҶĻɫ˱䣬͵ƾҶ治ɫ˵ǰշƷһ㣬ֵĿ࿴ˡ
֪ԽˣԽǻ뷽跨ȥԼһЩ̫ϵ̨ľ෴̹ȻµˣĶΪǿ
ʣݵı仯ھͲԸ˵СҶ£ԼǲˣһۣͲǰꡣ
Ҷ쵱ƯŮ棬̹Ȼ˵ǰѿ£ԣԲͨĴѧġ
ҶղŷͭǮĶҲнģֻйˣŻˡ
Ҫ֪ܳƵϹŶҲҪˣʮǧĶǽˤģ㲻ǴĵƵƤҲʹļ۸仯ġ
ͭǮȻڽģʱˤڵϣҲѿġ
ڹоиأʱһҪϣһ鿴˭˲Ǿ˭еΡ
ȻҶݵڣ֮ĶԻûг䣬ƾһѾǲСҶˣŶöͭǮҲ
ףҪǴդĻɫҶô֣µķڲ輸
ͨ
ͭǮûü۲ͭǮİɫͱǮĸסˣԭȵҶ壬Ҳ͵վ


090 ͨϣ
öͭǮֱֻжңвһףһΪⱳ֣һдšͨĸ֡
֪ǷΪҶ쳤ڰԵʣöͭǮԭĺѾȫĥȥˣ¶һдϵĹϸȥһֹӲɣĸо
öͭǮּƷãԲڹѾȫƷˣ۸ҪӴȱĸ߳ܶࡣ
Ҷ죬⡭Ǵͨ
öͭǮ¶ŵɫ
ΪԼƷζ˵˾Ǹӹţ⼸ڹϵͶʲڰ򣬵յĺöȴȿивǷƷƷ
ѬգǶ֣ĵöͭǮܸоһɲɣֱöͭǮġ
ʻҶЦ˵ȷǴͨ
ƨ֣˭ʶһԵƲƲ죬Ҷ췭˸ۡ
Ů̬Ȳ԰ǶС˼ɣ
Ůģüͷ΢΢£ʮֵֵİŮ󣬶ص˽ⲻˡ
˭ʶͭǮϳ˾Ͳˣǲǰ壿
ҶĻתעһԵõ˵ûöͭǮǴʽǰӦǡͨƷɡ
˵¶һ˿ɻתҶ죬ֻöǲȱȫģСҶöͨôİ
ǺǣҶ壬Ҳ˵𣬼շƷģⶫҰġ
Ҷʵû˵ʵöͭǮϵռʱģһöҶСʱöˡ
öȻǴͨҲѵһĹǮΪ£ϵݺݵĽѵһҶ죬Ҷ˵˴ͨ
Ҷƽ֪ӾͭǮĴͨĻ͸ȥ֮ղˡ
Ҷ֮ԸôϣΪöͭǮѾãһ˿ѽУʹҲݳλѰġ
⡭ģ
¶ŵ飬ԭΪҶǿЦأû뵽Ȼ˵ģһʱɫЩ㱣©Ŀɴˡ
سô󣬻ټӣЩʵ֣һöͭǮҿصЩأôСֵģ
ȿȣ㶮ʲôöͭǮʮ֮һҪôһöڹǮղؽ綼ˡ
ŮĻʵЩΣȻвǮңϡг̶ȺͼֵҶöֱԶˡ
йĳ޹ǣǣʼΪǮҽʵ̴ñΪʵһֱõʱڡ
Ժ󣬸ʹͭ첻ͬʽͨң絶ңңԲαҵȵȣʼͳһԲǮһֱĩڡ
Ȼÿ»ʼλὫ֮ǰͭǮڻ±ңô೯õǮҾͲ
죬ͭǮ֮ǰ˵ÿгܼڵϵͭǮ
ͭǮղأǾƷƷһʢǮңһĲֵֻһЩϡٵĹǮңǲؼ׷ġ
νʮ䣬йǮղؽʮƷϡǮҵͳƣһղعǮҵˣϲŪʮǮң˼˵ԼǮҵĲؼҡ
ͨʮ֮УҲǼ亱ģΪĿǰΪֹһͷöһǲȱġ
ͨƿʵĵһǮң֮ԳơͨΪʵλǰѷΪ
ڡ롱һڵʱ̣ܶͬʱǮٶָʸѵá
ִͨöһöϷȱһǣǮҽ֮ΪȱǴ롱
ȱǴ롱峯ĽʿأʱԸø߼򣬴̸̫ƽݣƫͶˮԾǰͨ¡
Ϊ˵õϡƷ๺լΣȱǴڽڼ֮ˡ
һöͨǮĸСףΪ۴롱
۴롱ʱǮղؼҴͥ׳ڽ۶ũ壬żȻӺͯߵϷֵģöͨȻȱǣΪӣĸСס
öͭǮղѱؽ𹺵ã֮ңӲʾˣԺšիԡͨ䰮ɼһߡ
ڿսʱڣѱвƷϧǣȥȫƷ׸ˣһö۴롱Ҳ֪ηˡ
ԶǮղص˵һöȱġֱͨ񡰺赡ĿһռҪĵλ
ⳡϵˣܶöǮѾ߿࣬ʶǲǹˣıƺ˼ˡ
Ҷ죬㡭öͭǮ֪ԸԸתð
ֵذöͨҶĿĶˡ
Ҫ֪ȻȥˣΪ˹˼ŮĸܣһֱûңҲû黨ǲݵİСۣȦǱȽϵ͵˵ûʲô԰ڵĶõó֡
ôöͭǮɾͲһˣĳξۻʱöͨóھǹȦüһǱӵ顣
Ǻǣ壬ǴԼŵġ
ҶҡҡͷֱӾܾ̽ϵڻûֻЯ㣬Ҷ֮öͭǮҲŶ˼˵˼ġ
СҶҲʼۣȴǲģҶĳƺҲ
ʣ˲ܣ粻֪ءҶ뿪Ц˵
ЩҶ̬ȣ԰ʲôһöͭǮֵһǮҶ죬ҸҰˡ

Ҷͬغ˳ϾԳһŹֵ顣
ȿȣСҶز㡭ְ
һŮ˵Ϲ˵ҪСҶǧǮһ۶
⻰޵ķʸѱղء۴롱ʱ򣬺ܶԸؽһöδܵóŵִ»ֹǧǮء
ôļٵİغһֱû˵Ŷһ۾ͭǮϡ
˵غŶǳǮ˼ңǶԹ沢˽⣬޷лǮĶʹԺĺˣһƱҲǮѡ
۸Ҳ֪öͭǮǼ׷㹻ˡ
Ļզ಻ѣ֪ϰ׷Ӽװޣܹ˰˾ʮء


091 ͨ£
ϰ֣ͭǮܻǼҷӣļٵİ
һöͭǮ﷭ȥؿ׻˵пŵп֣ƾôоڵ̯ͭǮࡣ
أСĵ㣬ˤ˵Ļϰ׷Ӿûˡ
Ů֦ҶӣĶǵŵģֿƹƷǮңмеġ
ղ˵˸ӼۣҲҪ˿аϾһö˵ֵһ˵ֵһҲУûиο۸ġ
ʲô˲ģͲ֣ͷȥŪȥ
ƲƲ죬öͨӸҶ죬ǡˡֱǴʯ棬ͭǮĺܣ˵ͻѿ
ǹŮ֣Ͳȥˡ
ȻŮеҲ֪ⶫҵļʣ찲Ź㳡񵽸ɽļʲࡣ
Ǻǣ˵ãŪ
ҶӹͭǮҲǲΪȻЦЦ˵öͨˣϵһöΪǬ¡ͨҶҲ˵϶һ޶ġ
öͭǮļֵҪĸߵöˣΪǼƷǮңһ
ǼСʱҶǰöͭǮһŽȥģ䱾ǧ̺Ĵų书ЧҪԶǼƷ
ҾԪöͨڲṹҲ˱仯һͭǮ飬ҪȻҶҲġ
СҶҪСĵ㰡ⶫͭģҲסˤġ
ȻͭǮѾҶ죬ҶϴתһСĸˤˡ
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СҶĲǳ𣿼۸㿪Բۡ
ؿҶöͨǽһᰡĵ׷һ䡣
Ҷҡҡͷ˵壬ⶫ۸񲻺ö˵ֵʮҲУ˵ֵǧҲԣ´ҪѰöٸŰɡ
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ʱ˶ΪǷˣȴ룬ֱӴóһǸһģһĴĹƷ
ղصĽǶ˵˴һӣɵܲűߡ
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ǺǣǾллҶˡ
Ҷ֮⣬ЦЦҲûͣЩͨ˽ⷨԣʵûҪ
Ҫ֪öͭǮֵ⣬ļֵҶԣǺѽ綨ģҪǷһЩԶˮ޷ýǮġ
۰еľʿǴһЩ𷨾ĸɮһҪǧƵǮɼϷϡˡ
ʹˣЩҲǾ򵥿ģ书ЧԶҶöͭǮ
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ղšͨ£ҲˣҶԶһͨѧɱȵģҲ˵һ޼֮ԣҲȵĿ£硣
ҲʲôƲƵˣֱӿżɽѯ
壬ⷿӣ˿İɣ
ҶûͷҲûϣЦ˵ⷿլˮｭˮǲġ
㡭㻹ῴˮ
Ҷ컰û˵꣬ͱϵˣϵı֮ǰöͨҪ죬ΪҶղŵǾ仰ǵʱˮλ˵ġ
ĻҶҲûǫ飬˵ˮΪַԭϽ룬ῴˣҲõˮġ
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ԭһžһֱ˳˳ˮҲ귭˺ü˭֪³ȴǰδеһΣ
Դͷڹҡƶ񾭼úᷢչ塱ƻ2010ԶĿĽ顷ôһļϣȷҪССպ֤ȯҵʵзҵӪ
ͬʱз棬ΥӪӪҡʲͶʹ˾ʵнӹܡ
е棬ֱӵɷݵı
Ҫ֪ҹһžʱûеͣƶȣһ֮ڹƱֱˮ룬ǿܷ顣
ɷݾˣֱý󲿷ʽͶ뵽ڼ֮ڴˮǻû˼ϱ¥˼ˡ
׬⣬Ҳˣԭûô⣬˱ĵط׬ˡ
ƫƫŮϸ£˵Ǿ䵱ϵĻЩˣиѹԼֻԸûˡ
ͶԷˮѧ˵ΪŵˣҪȻҲỨǮ˸լˣҶ͵ľٶ
Ҷʱ̽ҶһֻҶˮˮǳûԳԼ˸񣬲ҲҶ
ĻҶüͷһ֮˵壬˵ʵȻɥ֮࣬ǲ˼ѣ˵ǲд˶ѵġ
Ҷ죬˵ʲô
Ҷ컰˵һ룬ͱһŭظˣҶ˵ɥ֮࣬ǽ財ŵ˸׵ϡ
أ죬һòûУҶѻ˵ꡭ
û뵽ǣԼδʱһ۰Լϰ֣ȻѵԼ


092 Ǯơ
֣㡭ң
ؼԼĶ䣬Сû˵һػĸףȻΪһԼȦѸٵĺ
أ岻㣬ϱ˵ǺܲòģҶ죬ҲǵģЩ˵ġ
Աߵż״æ§סصļԲΪҶñ˸ŮϣҲоεġ
أǰְֲԣְǸŮһҪ޵ӣҲֽš
ԴȥںˣҲŮˣϵûժ⣬ŮκҪ뷽跨ȥ㡣
ʲô°ҶƲƲ죬Ѻӹ߳ˣֲƢģƽʱ˵ͷء
شſǻʵţǲȥģ
ĸһֱռźҪĵλ˺˵ĸȥ֮⣬Ҳûκ˵
ؿŸߵҶ죬ǾǶ֮һֱѡ
ûУû˵ұ֤
ŵǲϲҶͱŮģҶһʱ򣬵Ȼ۱ŮˣʹҲ⡣
ģ
ŵĻֱ壬Ϧദһ࣬Ȼ֪ŵԸԸίŮǴ˵ѻġ
Ҷ죬㡭ǴϿģһɵؿҶ졣
ǣ˵ֲšҶ˵ͷѾЩͷˣϻûбֳ
أҶ׼ģСʱѧˡҲһ˵
ŮģҲͷ󣬿Ůɫָˣæ˵ˣأСȥ˵ɣҺҶ컹Ҫ̸
ʲôƭ˵ҲŲϡء
׵ĻȥԼķ䣬ÿҶһ
ԸҶĲ豭ˮһǸ˵Ҷ죬СŮ벻Ҫְ
Ǻǣ¸ĸġ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵壬Ͳ˵ˣʵ˵Ҷڵ˳Ҳо󣬴ķˮԣûƲƵļʲôطҲеò׼ˣʲô£ߵʲôûУ
ҶԴӵõһĴкռԼͷԵ飬ͷһ⡣
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¶һ˼̶ֳȵˣĶҪһ㣬ľǣǰʱңǷ˹أ
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˼еҶĻ˹СҶ廹мæ
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ˣҶȴ¶ɵ飬⡭壬һҪϿء
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Ҷ챻˵ĲҪѪˣ¶ᣬСүƾʲôȥ㿴ˮ浱һʮϵˣǴϰ̯ԵˣʱӸëëľʹ򷢵
壬м뻹Ҫ˵ױȽϺãеĹأҪȡһõġ
ҶЩɲǰ׻ģúƤʱһҪܶϡ
˵ˣ˿ˮȻҪǮģˮʦ롰ԵעҪзֻá˲»Ϊ˴͸ˡ
ͷϸҪһëǮοˮʦ˿߷λ컯֮£ΥȻģҪе൱εģûǮ˭ȥɣ
Ҷʱͬ˵غլˮǰƽģʮǮҲ˵ⷿҪһƽһҪġ
еĹأ˲»Ϊ˴͸
ҶĻһ£˺ðβŷӦ˹˵СҶ㡭˵㿴ˮҪշѵģ
Ҷ¶ˡ󡱵ЦݣЩƵ˵Ҷ壬һŷˮϵдеģܻ˹صġ
ҶһҪ˼ӣϰоԼ߯صˣ˴ӽŵڣָô࣬ԸȻһëΣҪǴȥǴĳ˺Ӣ
ʹ˼ʹڷʡ֮æ˵˵СҶԲġ
ʵӦٶۣʵûȥ룬һҶֻǸѧŮͬѧУѣûΪҶǸˮʦ
ҶһóöͭǮΪҶǲȱǮˣҪְֵʮ¶ˣﻹܿǧǮ
˹Ҷվ˵ǳɣ壬ǾȻȥˣһ


093 
Ҷ죬ʵôƵҰ֣Ůˣ
ڻѧУĳϣػе߷߲ƽôԼǵһαѵأȻҶ졣
ȿȣô˵ǺƣȻѧòãأ㣬ҵ徭Щ
صĻҶҡͷҪС˵ָպ󻹻Ըʹʲôء
üͷһ˵ҵȻ֪ˣָǡӡѧ͡ӹ徭ǡʫ顷ǡס͡ôû˵ɣ
֮徭ѧӵıض֮飬ҮʥйƣΪ⽨ƾѡ˲ŵͽ̿顣
ʱգʮѧоŸ֪徭ΪˣܴسҶЩ⡣
ãѧ㣬Ȼ֪徭֮һҲӦ֪׾ΪȺ֮ף֮Դѵ֪ʶֵӺ̽
رҶʵЩ˵ˣ֧֧˵ǲһǡǷ⽨ţǴͳĻɡ
Ҷ̾˿ѧ㣬ִƼкܶ޷͵ܲܶһ⽨ŵñӰɣˮҲ֮ΪѧͿѧĲ֮ͬѧĺӦѧʵʵ֤ҪΪˮѧҲʵ֤ȫӦءΪ֮飬ҪʵҲҪоƽĶۣѧȻ޷֤ˮѧ˵еаЩۣǾҪĴڡȻ벻ڸ˵ȡᣬҲǿһѧҲܷ־ǧݱһִͳĻ
ڷˮǲǷ⽨ۣҶ͸ײ֪˶ٴΣ˵һЩźĿɿڴ
ֱͣڻ԰ſڵʱػڻζҶĻȻЩȴҲԷҶĻˡ

ڶһ磬ԼݳĻ԰ſڣ̿εҶȥ˸㣬Ȼֱӽ֤ͣȯͣ
Թԣ壬֤ȯӺ߽Ҷʱⳡסˡ
ټĽʱѾˣ˸߲ҵĸ̸۵ģгüǽʾģһŨ̬ĵض
һЩͷ̫̫ŸӽҶģǵľӪܶԪԵģһЩбֽΧŴתһȦȫˡ
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йУչĽ׶ΣҵԻûռҪɳ˵绰ί֮⣬ҪҲ˹зٵı
ӴϰˣûİӣҪҪ
ܣʲôϢûС͸͸װɣϸ²һ֧ɱסԷǮûˡ
ϰ塭
ܡ
һڽ״Щԭ۵ȻˣһΧĺ˽
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Ǹϰ壬˵ڴҶһġ
ɲǣ˳ƱһǼʮҪôȥҰ
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Ҷͨİ˶¥ЩҲһɢ
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൱صĵطҺ淢Ĺ£ܱܿܿ񲻶̸š
·ڴеˣǺ绽ǵһһΪڶɢ۲Ľ㣬˵ҵ˥ֱй֤ȯгһ΢辰
Ҷ첻ȦˣҲ¸й֤ȯгĳ׶ΣƱ٣ͨ٣ԴصĹ費ƽ⡣
ͷ΢һЩĿͻʵЩͨ̽СĹƱ
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ܣҪҪһȼ
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ܣˣУе£
Զ¥Щ˵̬ȣȻҪ˺ܶ࣬ϹЦһһŻҶרĴǰ
һ˶¥һֱںƯŮóԿǰ˷š
ң¥ĶſڵĽṹΣϴּλǵǸϣҵڶϣֱӶϴּ䡣
ŮſڣҶվſĴ֣˵СݺҶ֪ģõ֡
Ҷ죬ôˣ
֧СҶ۾ֱŷŶ棬˵Ǹϴּ䣬רŸЩװ޵ģûûһ¡
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Ҷ˵ͷϴּȥߵһʱַ˻˵壬мԭи͵԰ɣ
һ£аЩ֤ȯ˾˸Ὺˡ
壬¶ûԸġĻҶЦ


094 ָ
㡭˵ʲʲôԸģ
ҶĻϵıνʮֵľʣָԭԵĵطŵʵҶ죬ѵԵԵʣ
Ҷ˵ͷܿ϶˵ûĻӦþôˣ壬ֻһԣ벻ᣬˮӰȫر𡣡
շˮѧۣطֻҪǴڵĿռڣɷ֮֮ǾӼڻǰ칫ĵطǲܱġ
ɷ֮ǿڲͬĵطֲҲǲȵģһԣһΪĵطȻҪˡ
칫ҵţŲš
ϰ칫ִһǵشĵ㣬ɷ֮֮󣬶㼯ϣҲ˵¥ɷָ֮İ칫ҡ
ԭ֮һԣԽ֮סҸı¥ɷ֮ѭ
˭֪֪Դĸˣƫƫ˽Ըˣһˮȫ䣬ɷ֮ȫǸۡ
Ȼɷ֮ȫȻγɵģԶ統Ҷķˮɱ֣ʱپһ㣬˵ƲˣҲҪһ
ԭô£Ҷ죬Ƚ칫һ£ȥ˰Ը
ҶĽͺյһĴȣҲ˲кҶˣҴҵҽĸȥˣЩ󻧶ϵۣЩԱġ
ӣҶЦҡҡͷƿ˴ҵţ̧ͷһϸոɢȥĿЦ»صϡ
רĴԼڶʮƽңһſϰŷţҲһźɫƤɳһŲ輸
ϰǽϣһδϣϵġǧｭɽͼеһŴ˵ִƷ
չҶǰĻǧɽ۾㣬ӽ̲죬ʮΰ׳칫ﵹԵô硣
ӷˮĽǶȶԣ൱һŴˣݺᣬһֺܲõʾλɫɷĹЧ
Ҷ쿴ʢĻʱ·´˿Ǵһˡ
㣬ԣԣСĵ㡭
ҶŴҵĲְʱߺżˣһ׶ڴԣŵԭȵλϡ
ܰǰ첻ӵ·ôҪһװľģˣЩʵ
ЦŴ˸칫¥ûݲݵҲÿˣͺˣȫ۵£
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λ֤ȯȻûľٶͷˮĻҲûٶʣȹԱ԰ںþ뿪ˡ
Ҷ죬ʲôأ
ԷŻصԭأƿ˰칫ҵţԷŻȥˣԺ󲻻˰ɣ
ķˮ϶ûˣ
ҶҡҡͷָǷǧｭɽͼʵ壬⻭˶ˣǰİ칫ûаɣ
ķˮָ¶ϲɫ˵ǰûУϸһ͸ҵģպװ޺ã͹ˣô⡭⻭Ҳ⣿
û⣬ҵĵطˣ壬⻭ȡɣŲʡ
ҶҲø˵Եˣһ͸飬нǲһ˷ѿࡣ
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æӣǷȡ˶ڷˮһ˵ٻǻᱧУ޵˼ġ
Ҷ죬㿴ﻹвԵĵطȡ»СҶʵ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ûбˣ壬ˮԸı˵ˣȴͼӰģǰʱЩ⣬ҪԼġ
ǣǣ֪
ͷסˣֲһᶼ취أʵٲо͸Уġ
ˡ
ҶͻȻһ£ʵ壬Լķˮô⣬Ϊβвˮֵˣ칫ҵķˮأ
Ҷ쿴صĲãϷˮ֮Ϊ￴һۣǰʱҲôͷˡ
ҵ밡λʦˣԵɺϲ뵽һ£ͻȥˡ
ԿЦǾλʦļķˮʱʮǮġѡǻٿǮһ¹ʵʱһˡ
Ҫ֪λʦʱʱˣģиСܺλʦ˵ϻ벻˵Ĵݡ
˵Ÿ̿һȦֻ˸صͼָڷĵ㣬ǰǰСʱûУ͹ʮǮġѡ
ԭоЩֵǴҶķˮʶ黹һǮһֻʮǮǰҪġ
ʵףˮˣศɵģЩ˲һˣͨˮʹ֮
Щ˼ǿˣˮõطҲԼƣӼҷˮ˶ǿˣҲⲻƲ֡
Ǻǣ۵ķˮʦĺк
˵µԵɣҶЦҶ쵹оһ͹ѧʽ΢źܴĹϵ
ڽźһЩٴ룬̶̵ʮʱ䣬й˼ǧĴͳĻȫ˸ˡ
ǹŴ˽ӵСҡͷԱеİټ־Ҳ˻ˣһЩģǵдѧѧ
˵ѧڴ½ѾʧȥӦеĵλյٹ⡣
ڸ̨ЩطȴһΣڰǰƱȽϻҵսʱкܶĹˣȥضӣԵĻطչӰ켫
ִطʹ÷֣ĻȲۣɷϵǣڸ̨һЩطйͳĻı̳УҪȹࡣ
ΪйͳĻܲɷֵķˮѧȻЩطҪʢУǸƬĿʽҪˮѡգݹضүⲢţһִͳ
壬ûˣ绹пΣҪҾȻȥˣ
Ҷ췽ŶˮֵһЩָ㣬Ȼ˵Ƚش󣬵ҶΪ֮С¡
ҶҲʣԸǮǾͿԼˡ
Ҷ죬Ҫ棬һԸɣ
ﻹЩʵô˵ϴελʦ̹۲˰СʱأҶ˻û20ӾҪߣδ̫˵ɣ


095 
ĻҶЦ˵壬ҿɲ߽ܵģȻˣԺʲôⶼҵġ
ڽͷЩ˶֪Щ˳õֶξǿţû£ֻ֮ĻŻһȻȡȵǮƣˡ֡
Ҷý·ղžͲ赭дؽ׵ĵطָˣҲƳլأȰŸ˵
ɣȥ
ҲôҶǻ԰ѧŮУѣһʲô飬Ҳܵ˺ܲġ
˵ŻϰóһɫֻҶСҶţ岻̫ĹأҪǲ
ˣƽʱӦܶ࣬԰칫ﾭŲǮǰһֵҡ
Ǻǣ壬ˡ
ҶЦŽӹְɲǿʱǮƣ쾭鰡
εĽˣҲ˲ÿĹУϳֽҶͻ˻԰
Ҷ˳˰֣׼ȥʱüͷȻһ£壬ϵӦҪǲ̫Ҫþͱȥˡ
ôˣСҶʲôҿҪǳԷġ
ʵǴӦ͵ģⳡϵ˵ᱻƲġ
ҶϸϿһ£ЦЦ˵ûʲô£壬ҪȥĻȾƾͳˣ߽˾
˵Ʋһɲģÿʱÿ̶ڷű仯Ǳɷ֮ʴ࣬Ѿʼ·ˡ
ȻҶ²˰칫ҵķˮ֣ҲͼӰղҶͨ෢֣ͻи㲻ȥĽѡ
ƣײһ˵üͷһƣͻдͷ·üͷһƣײ֮·
Ҷǡǡ֣üƤ´֪ʱһڳͿơ
ʦ˿࣬ɲǿƤͱ
׻˵ʶʶ಻ʶǣ֪֪治֪ģʲôνӡ÷ڣĿ࣬͹Щı֣ʹ˵ԸžȥգҲǿġ
ִϲװ磬üë˫ƤʲôĶģȥƤ󣬸޷׼ȷжһ˵˵ġ
Ҷ쿴֮࣬ͨˣȴһٵģʹôҶҲܿ˾Ųʮ
ҶĻЩŽɵ˵ɣСҶ֪ˣϻעġ
˵ˮһϢϢͨר߼漰ģ֮ǰʶλ̨ʦֻ÷ˮͨ
µҶ첻ͨˮó࣬ʮ߰ͣͲܲϰˣһ𣬶ҶĻȻҲϾˡ
ãǱܲȥ
תͷȥҶεҡҡͷ˰ʱ򲻳ԵǲԵġ
ҶҲû˵ʲôѲ󣬾Ÿ˺һµĻоǮĲֵء
٣ʦ˵öԣҪȥ·̯߰Ҫò׬ôడ
뻪԰Ҷְһۣ϶ʱ¶ЦݣǮ㹻Ըһʱˡ
ҪŬ׬Ǯ
ϵĻ˵ҶֻнʾȥԱٹʳʱ򣬲ܽͨȡʳѪ⣬ǮҲֻҶһѧڵġ

ļ죬ҶһֱʵʵĴѧУÿϿΣӹûʵһµͬѧһ𣬵Ҷָֻ˼ֶʱӡ
ڳԷ⣬ҶҲûȥУҷ꣬Լĥ˸취԰һʮ˸ѧʳãһطŵˣԼʳò
ҶԼķֳ˼ǧǮÿгǵϳų߰˸ʳãǿܸΪˡ
Ҳ֪ΣûҶ죬֪⼸˵£٣ҶʱȻ
Ҷ죬ҪȥҶ컻Ь׼һĽʵ
ЩԼں̸ҶҲںˣÿУ԰Ƨɢɢ
˵ѧǲѧ̸ģ˵Ļ԰У԰ôãǷʤѧУҲɴֻ۱ֻ۵Ĳȥˡ
ȻЩҲð֮踣ѧУ͸ʲôģԹҸû˵ĵط˵˵黰ѡ
ֹӣҶЦϴҲ𼱣ѾУˣҸ˵һ£Լ
Ҫ˵Ҷͬļֵܣʡ͵ĵơ
ͳͼõһں󣬾ȻʶŮȻûչ˹ϵĿ꣬ȥˡ
ֻжسһƬϣﲻǴǹᣬҶ춼Щˣǲǻܴһˣ
ҶĻЦ춼ϲ£ˣֵܣǸȫָģҪǸܺسˣԺӿ϶㵱ɵ
ȥɣϴ󣬲ֵܴ㣬ⱲӾֻŮˡ
ܣҴкһܶ˸𣿡
ҶԷ˸ۣʲô˰һƲûأˣǾŮʱҶᡣ
ѧ㣬˰û¶ɣ
ƽʱԼõĵطҶŷָ֣ˡ
û£Ұֳ˳ܵ㾪ţ˵ĵǲأˣҶ죬Ұ˵Ҫû£ȥһˡ
ҶصɫЩӣڿҶƺеη壬˵Ȼĵ˸֡
Ҳѹ֣Ҷ֮ǰ͸ϵ˵Ҫţʱû˭֪Ͼô£˭Ҳֹ᷸ģҪ˵ʮ˾Сˡ
ãҾȥһˡҶ˵ͷЩ˾ǼǳԲǴ򣬷Ҫ˿֮ųԵġ
İɣȻȥˡ
һҶ죬ܾСһܿˣҶЦѣǳûôӦ˰ɣ
Ҷ죬أҲŻˣ֪һûˡ
ҶϵɫЩ죬ŻΪҶأæԸһҲŵ֪ġ
ȻҶ˵ĻǺţˣв޵ģ͵ʱ˾Լ
Ȼ˾ˣӦĳϣȻҪȾƵģҲǺþ֮ˣеһʱ򣬾ͺȵˡ
˭֪ʱ˾绰˵СͻȻ˸գҪȥҽԺ
˾û취ֻˣѾǾͷҶȥˣ˾ѳԿ


096 ŮѰ
ھᣬûνʲôƼܾЩ˵ƶȶûʼʵУֻҪûͨ¹ʣץסѵһٷǮѣҲûںǺȾƿ˶ˡ
ںƺļų￪˭֪ھһʮ·ڵʱѺƿ˻ƵƣֱӾһ󿨳ײ˹ȥ
Ҫ˵ϰ廹ͣƵʱܵʮʱ٣ʱ·̣µϳҪһͷ嵽˿ĵȥ
ʹˣڸʻλǰλãȫѹһƺһΪ
˳ƵˣҲɵˣҳѾˣô򲻿Ҳûޣӵŵ⣬Ÿ⿪ġ
˶еǣһ¶ǳ¹Уϰ徹ȻֻԴײ˵Ӿϲ˵Ƥ֮⣬ëûһ
δѹ֮Ҷľ档
֮ǰΪȻûҶĻҲû˼һʱҶ죬ڼЪ죬Ů˸
Ҷ죬ܿ
η岻ͬȴ۵СǣС֪ҶɽϵϵѧϰˮҸƺҲţŶԴ˲ų⡣
ǵȻˣһĶأţŲ촩ʲôɫС
ҶЦĿ⻵ǱţпסĵʮβȥСʱǾ飬Ҳ֪ǰŮǿ˶ٴΡ
ҶҲ֪ԼΪôϲŪţϲģƺֻʱҶܸܵͬ˵Ŀְɣ
Ҷ죬ǲǰϷҡ
Ҳǵֻ޵СѾͷƬˣŭ֮£һ˫޹ǵС쵽ҶҸ£ΪСҲ֪Ҷڵġ
𡭡Ҿͷ˰
Ҷ컹˫ֲԼİȥ˭֪ȴһĵطʱɫһ͡
ѽ㡭۸ˡҲû뵽ҶֻǸطһʱ˶סˣˮĴ۾ɵɵؿҶ졣
⡭⡭ţҡҲǹģĲǡ
ҶȻҪԶͬ˳죬ŮϣһǸ磬һЩڸо͵˽ͬѧأ˲ĵطҲ֪Ǻˡ
ȿȡ
ŵɫƺûʲô쳣Ҷһһɫ˵ţϡҴȥһ߿ɡ
㡭Һƴˡ
ŲûӦǸղ˶ɵˣӦһѣʱҶĻյҶ˹ȥСȭͷסҶôš
Ҷ˵СȭͷϺͰĦҲ࣬˰֮Ҷû£۵ˡ
һץסŵС֣Ҷʵţ˰ɣ
ûУ㡭ͻ۸ҡŵ۾ƺ˵
ǡҪȥ۸ˣҶȻûкŮľ飬ĦԶһܱȵġ
ңȻҶ컰δ䣬ԭһίž͵۾
ҵȻˡ
ҶȻȥסŵļͷӵ뵽˻˵ţŮѰɣ
Щ˵Ե֣ӳע˵ģҶȻ޷ԼԵǰ̣ţǰŮһΪԼҪɲ֡
ʲʲôŮŮѣ
Ҷ˶еϢŵСԴ϶ʱһƬհףǸߵĳ120̣ʱƺҲˡ
Ȼ֪ԼϲҶ죬ҲԼоҶҲϲԼģôû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻʱԼˣ
ôԸ⣿
˾þû˵ҶЩżˣٳҲǸʮĴкԼ֮ûеõ𸴣֪ʲô顣
ҶĻƺ˹ʶԼҶĻ̲סһ£ȴûҶĻ
ţԸԸ㵹˵ҶʱĿǾǸ鶯Ĵкеȫ¶˳
ҡԸ⡭
΢ɲĵ˵ͷͻȻʱҶ죬ҲôʹţԸԸҵ
Ȼʱĺܶ飬ڼѾЩģˣһֱεļ仰ҲǵԼĴ𸴣Ը⡣
ţӦˣ
ʹŵĻشӽһᣬûܶҶĶ䣬ϲ֮£һѽű˵ЦԶԶش˳ȥ
ѽ㣬С㣬ѧУһסҶ졣
ڴѧ̸ˣȻԲȺҪ٣һ㶼͵͵ģǻѧԽǻų̂أŮƤȻҪҶ챡ˡ
ڵѧ桭°
ͷӣ㵱겻ѧУ׷ңǾͲе°ܻˣ
ԶһԹϰϽڣǰЦҡͷȴ뻰δ䣬Ѿһǡ
ԣԣ˵˵ⲻ£ഺ簡
ŵͷ˿İˣѾǰ׷ԲԣϽʦһ飬ŶŮЦǷ·Ҳصʱ
һ֮ҶСϵʯϣû˶ԣ󷴵ûʲô˵ˡ
ˣҶ죬мҪ㡭
źȻһҰְ¸ҪҸμһʲôᣬ㵽ʱһȥɣ
ΪڼҵСô崿ƯںȻûٽŮߣŲ̫ϲĳϣǳ֮ЩطǻһЩˡ
ѣȻҶһȥˣţְһҶģϾҸһĽͲǳ
¸ڣʦҪ
Ҷһ£հѱ˵Ůƭ֣ҪҳǸﶼֹ᷸ġ
ҶԸ׻ǱʮǰĳƺŲŭʦͲܽ尡
ʦȻҲУҶȷϵŸҶ캰
ãã壬塭
ҶСʱʦһʱĿڻЩϰߣţʲô
Ҷ⻰ʵЩ飬Ȼ֪ںȻΪ׷Ůı̲סһ䣬ʲô´ˣʲôˮʦڴ˿ȫûˡ
ʲô̸£ǴȥУߡ
ǰϲμģܺҶһȥͲһˣЩĲӬԼˡ
ŵĻҶյ˵ͷ˵УȥҲкüûˡ
Ҷ첻ŤŤˣղŵĵĲӦ˵ǰںȻԸεʱԼ۸Ůڻʲô


097 
뵽ʮµףѾǺˡ
԰ѧǣҲ˺һףÿѧʦ޵ؿУſڵǸŮ
Ȼһֱĺɫ£һ߶ߣȻع˳Ǹ߸ķӣ崿֯һ𣬸һּǿҵӾС
Ҷ죬ôô򵥰
Ҷ촩ϴķ׵ţп㣬һɫTͼпˣλƵ˹ſɴ۾
ôˣȥԸ𣿡
Ҷһ£ֻǸŴ͵ģ˳˲עʱѶʲôۻ᲻ۻģûʲôϵ
ˣţôͰԵô˺üء
ŵĴ磬ҶҲЩ֣촦¶ܿóŵķ棬ĹǼ
ǾۻᣬǳԷҰҴġ
ҶĻЩЦãæԸҶһ
ĸ￪Ѿʮˣ⼸ҲԣĳЩȦ֯ۻᣬҲѧϰеװģŮǻװ
źںҶ촩ʲôؼҶҪǴȥԻΪĽģȻǱ˳ЦĽ㡣
ͷ˵ǮˣһҲߣǡǡ෴ԽǮˣԽǻḽס
Ǹݵ˴Ҷģ϶ᱻ˳֮Ϊ͵Ҷ죬һ׼ˡ
ţ۲ȥвУ
˵ЩҶʱϰ˵Щ£ҶƽڽϲμӹƵľۻᣬֻҶûʲôȤûȥ
Ҷڵݣһѧѧѹû׼ʲôװõһ·ǼԽĳȥۻòҲʰɣ
ҶӦϰˣ˵Ҳȥϰֺܸأȥʰɣ
ŴСǸĺӣȻϲЩϣΥ游׵ԸλǴҶȥףԲرһġ
ã߰ɣ·ȥ
ΪѵӣҶЩˣ˵ˣҲԸŮѴĻ֦չȥμʲôᰡ
Ҷ죬á
¶Цݣ˵ľҪȥҶĸ첲Щɫͬѧ󣬲㬵ջ֣ﻹǻ԰Ĵſء
ʱţȻ򲻵ʲô·ģ˺üҷװ꣬ҶŻٿǮһܴϵװôзεҶоܲϰߡ
ԭҶҪںȻһȥģһʱҲˣֻܴ˸⳵йȥˡ
ʲôطôȻ԰ƫų⳵ֱ⿪Ҷ̲סֹһ
ǣȥĵضԼ֪ӣֲľųľֲ߶ʲôУ˵ûʮԱ첻ˡ
Ҫ˵ǵĸ綼٩ү⻰һûҶֻǸǾ͸˸׵ҶҪȥĵط˵˸װףϻĽı顣
ʮô󰡣
ĸĻҶҲЩզ࣬ϰô⣬϶ûʮġͷ硱
٣˵ǣӹʮֻԱʲôǻǮ⻹˼ͷء
⳵˾٩˰죬ͻȻعӵ￴Ҷţһɻ˵λǲȥǶİǻԱſɶȥġ
Ǻǣǻѧġ
ѧ˵ǣŮİɣҶĻ󣬵ĸ¶Ȼɫ
ǰô֪ģҶĳһѲɸ˶䰡⿪⳵Ҳῴˣ
ٺ٣ͷҪ㰡⳵˾ЦЦȴͷ϶˵ˡ
Լ˶ʮӺ󣬳⳵ͣǰǸǽԺҲȥˣǮ֮Ҷ˳
ְҵϰߣҶһ³ʹԶľһһطѾֲ޽벻ƶС
׻˵ǧΪƣٳΪΣԶǽۣǰμ汸ãΪլʢլҲǲԴľѷˮء
Ҷ죬߶߶İҰǵأߣǹȥ
ҶԼĻûصһۣҶ־¥һĴ˹ȥ
á
ߵںȻǰҶ칧ľһǶʱʦŸ׵ݣֵҶصġ
Ҷ죬ӳôҪǺСһ治ˣˣƽϵܻðɣ
װǱõҶ죬ںȻҲ¶˾ϲɫ͹ȵʱ򣬺Ҷĸ׳ΪĪ֮ͰҶ쵱ֶˡ
ҶЦ˵Ҷ壬Ұְֺأ˵ҪȥϺȼء
ҿɺȲ֣ţС죬㡭Сţ
ںȻͻȻое㲻Ծһʱûﲻԣ۹ŮҶɨ˰֮ǿŮҶһˡ
ҪʮѾͷƬӺʮëǣ֣ںȻоκαŤĵطǰҲźҶǣȥ档
ɡɹؼ˶˰ҪǷڹŴѾǼӵĵˣǣֵɾʹˡ
壬ҡҺڡ̸ѡ
ҶƤ񣬴˿˵ҲýͰԭҶֵţҲܾèһ㣬ѸٵĽС˻ȥ
㡭ǡ
Ȼµ˼֣ǴҶںȻеԽܣʹпܳΪԼδŮˣѵĶӣҲееġ
С죬忴ųģҲϲ㣬䶼СҪѧҵΪصġڶûоûҾðɣûǵȴѧҵ֮ٿЩ⡭
׻˵ŮǸ׵Сް۳ԼʮŮҪǰСӣںȻô˲
ҪǣںȻȻҶ츸ӶȽ׽ҶΪԼŮﻹе㲻ģ˵ʶЩӵܣҶ조ɫĶȥˡ
Ǻǣ壬ˡ
ҶǺεȴˣЦ˵ҺֻǺܺõѶѣ壬ǺҰ˵ҪŸϱģֻǡֻڸĿڽ̫˰ɣ
˵ʱҶ¶һ˿ɬı飬·ںȻŲ˵һ㣬ģжίˡ
Ҷ죬˵ЩʲôѽҰʲôʱӦѽҶĻһԵѾߵͨˡ
ţҿû˵׿ڴӦҰֵģʰ
ҶСǸƤӱֻ⼸ĶˣЩ󶼸˶ѡ
ղںȻеõ˼Ҷԭα¶
֣İŽĿ⿴ϰ֡
⡭⡭ⲻǴκȶ
ŮѯʵںȻֱԸͣûǾҶƽǼһȾư


098 ӣֲ
Ҫ˵ںȻŮ£УڼǰҶƽںȻ㶨豸ںȻһлҶƽ
ںȻǳ¶ǾͿʼպҶƽǻڿӶ£ںȻžƾϸſźҪҶŮ
ںȻҶƽǱ棬Ů׼ҵ黹ǳеģҶƽҲϲǸŮʱӦ
ؼ֮Ҷƽר˸ʰ˶һ٣׼Ѿ˵ϱ
¶õʱҶ˺ܳһʱ䣬͵͵ȥϺţҲΪԭ򣬲δϱñСʱҪƯҶͬѧﻹǺġ
ԸղҶ¶ںȻʦưͳԻп˵һǺһһġ
ϵĻҶƽʮĽûˣǰСӣںȻЩԸһʱҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
壬ҺС÷ŵİ֣ĺضҪӦϵģٺ٣Ͼͱൣˡ
ɽϵϵܿԼŵԵ֣Ҷֻ֪ܲݶѣȴǲóŪδˡ
㡭Сӣһײǣ
ҶĻںȻüͷһǳҶģͻȻǰһ£ѻ˻ȥ
ǰҶȥϺʱںȻռһԣһЩ漸Ҫܵ顣
ҵǼҵںȻһ֮⣬ڹͬټĲҵڼ֮ǰںȻͲһϵеŬɹؽЩҵһ˿Ĳš
ھŶʱںȻ˵ӢļԱͶصתڵأɹıܹǴΪ˹ѻӢĽΣһμشʧ
ȻһδҶģںȻ֪ҶͶʻõĻھŶϼͻԸͷ޷ҵչֹģġ
ںȻ⼸һֱǰҶ˵ģҲҵչԽԽڹҵڣٲȻѾˡ
ЩºҶЩΪ֪֮ںȻεҡҡͷ˵ãҹܲЩˣҶСţҾǣڶѧɲ׼ʲô鰡
ںȻЩ꾭һЩܣ֪ˮʿЩ˿ɲԳ֮ģиŮϼԲǼ°ɣ
֣ǴӦ׵ĻŸ˵ؽ
Ѿͷ֪֪߰ôںȻûصŮһۣҸղ˵ĻûУ
壬ͷİɡ
ҶٺЦŹڴ֮ǰؾأϵ˵ûʱҶ컹ɵģԼʹںȻ˵Ҳ͵ġ
⻵Сӣ˷𣿲ҪǸҸɻ£СҴȡ
ںȻݺݵľҶһ䣬˰˵ҵĳɣиֲ˻Ǳ̫˰
ںȻ⻰ǶҶ˵ģ֪ҶСĻ϶ûμӹʵľۻᣬʱʲôЦǶ˵ĿɾԼˡ
ſڵǵ֮Ҷ֪Ϊǳ⳵˾Լ¶ľˡ
ӣֲ֮󣬾һεĸ߶򳡣ʹ䣬ȻƻͨԸ˿ͣڲƺϣԱվż˴˶ˡ
ҪֲҪ߶򳡣ںȻſڵǵĻ¾һ·Ҷʮӵˡ
ƹ򳡺ͣһŷ½ĽԣǺܸߴ󣬵ȴʮ㣬ӦǳԹʦֵ֮ġ
ⶰǰ棬һռܴĻ԰ֻһ׸ߵװľ˿ȥڻ԰Ѿвվѵ졣
ںȻŮҶԺϳΪ˵Ľ㡣
Ҳ˵ںȻξۻ֮һȥ˷´һɫ¶˵ţЩ̳Ӣǵˡ
ȻվںȻһҶҲһװ˶ȳƵģԴһ˿ɬݣҲЩǵɰŮǣо¶⡣
ҶƽĻ˵Ҷ쳤òԼδĸףҶȻСûŮŮԵȴرãӳе⼸꣬ûŮͬѧֽġ
ڶ͵ˣλǣ
ںȻ˽뵽ԺӺһʮľӭ̳ɲʲôϰףȻǰλںȻҪö̬࣬ȴǹĺܡ
ŮСţСţи߲
ںȻǽһţȻҶ죬˵ҵһλֶҶ죬棬ʡ죬֪һʣܣԺҪհ
ںȻĻֵҵڶ⻰ϸǲҵҿ˵ڻѧ˲𰡡
ȻȦӵڹУĶǣ֪ںȻŮϻǵ⣬ǰһ¡
˵ûҼСӾ֪棬ô°
ǣڶúãҽҲҵĪ
ؼС㳤ҲƯһͬˮܽһ崿ɰ
ܻ䣬͵ſ仨ƵģҶΪԼǰ佱ƯԣǺƶ񤰡
ʵľۻᣬΪףڷ֯ҵĳƶȵĶΪҵоصںȻҲƶƶȵķ֮һ
ĳ϶ԣڹڵķ֯عҵУҵѾǼһֿ޸ϷˣںȻһֳΧˡ
һߺߵЩϰǴкںȻһһۣŮҶ˰֣˵Ǳ߶ˣǹȥɣҺ߲˵˵
ľۻᣬһЩݵˣԼŮЩԺ̳˵Ҳǽύͬѵڡ
ţȥǱߡ
ȵںȻ͸ܴк뿪Ҷ첢ûվڻ԰ǵȺ˴ǳҲŰ˷ʢʳһŲƲƲ졣
Ҷ죬㡭ɱ԰
űҶľٶһȻǲϵʳ쳣ʢϺͷӽУЩʳãǸѡ
ſ֪Ҷķģ˶ȥԵĻ½ǾͷĪˣԼ˵ǲ£žϰֶҶˡ
˷ѣ˷Ѱ
ҶҲ˵ģһӪḻʳܳԣҶǽһܡ
Ҷܵı飬ЦСҶ˵һǾͻȥȥҹ
ǸãǵǱ߳⴮ȥҶЦɴվԭغ


099 ͹
Ҷ죬ҪҪǱȥ
ҶߣҲоˣҪǷǰձˡ
ҶǼѵĵطһۣƲƲ죬˵ȥûЩ˵۾һضҵŮѰ
Žװʵ̫ˣķ޺ͺɫеޱȸ߹󣬳Ĵ崿ӽ֯һɢһ޷
˵ЩʮͷˣһЩʮˣ۾ҲĴɨʵʻĻϵ·ͱǹˡ
ҶɲΪЩļһǱ͵ĿŵģȻ뻢ڣŴЩǰȥˡ
˵ȥͲȥǵ԰Ǳȥɡ
Ҷ컹һĳǷʢĲſЦõĽˣԼʲôã̫̫ܳ˵㡣
Ҷ˽ĵʱҲͬΪ԰Щ۵Ļ⡣
һ߷֡ͷĨˣŲԶҶŬŬ죬ߵͬ˵ȻС˭ţƺģ缸
ǰҶˣ˵˵ô˵治
ʵļδ˵Ա߾˸ȻľۻٲƯŮģ崿ƯּҵʵŮȴǲġ
ˣ˵ļҵ̫أ˵缸°ӣɲһĵط
ǸȻˣŶʮ߰䣬ڱľˣ֪һЩȦˣͲЩӵܵġ
Ĳ˵ӣֲڳÿ˶ĽѾõģԼҳǴţǸͽҲҽյϰ԰ڡ
ʹӵܣҲиԵȦӣԼΪĵļˣģվһߵļˣһȦӵġ
ھͬ󣬲ؿһСӣ˵˵̲Щ˿װЩСЩͷ𣿡
ĶܰϼͣҽĿɶϷͱӰĴѧòһͱǸ椲ȽӸ绰
ٵĻǸ̲СӺԩٽͼʱְĵ绰ͻȻ
ھʮڣľųǵĴǰС飬ֱΪһʱУۻʲôûƯŮ飬Ƕ˼ˡ
ƯŮҲֶǵģһЩۺϰǾͽĿⶢס˴ѧѧԺȻͳΪǹעصˡ
׻˵ᣬǵΪֱӰ쵽Щǡ
ȳǣǵҪӵԣᰡͬȵĽǮջ£Щ־ᶨŮѧǣȻǶȥѡЩȻ޾Ƶͷˡ
٣ϼͣνˣȥһ£缸͵Ⱥðɡ˵绰Сӵ¶˷ܵ飬ͼ˴˸кת˻԰
˴߰˷Ӻ̲ʱֵŮص˻԰ȺĹһʱ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ
üٵ˴й⣬һģΧȥͼŮ˽
֪ŮɲǰЩǮϴˣӰԺУĴѧ۽綼һĸߡ
Ҷ죬㿴ʲôǲǼŮһƯ
ڻ԰һǵҶţȻҲղǼŮ볡עŲǣҶһֱڽеһŮ
ǸŮӲǺܸߣǰ͹̣ķǳĺãһɫƤƤ㣬ԳһֳҰԵУΪŮ˵ţ˶̲סЩ١
ǱƯʶŮ
ŵĻҶ̲סЦû뵽˾޵ŮȻڻʶ᯾ǺС
᯾ҶҲûеȣϾÿ˶ѡԼʽȨŮ主ɲŮò
ʶôʶѽţһǺˡ
Ů˳Դ׶ģҶʱʱǱߵʱź޲Сְ۾ڵס
ţôо⻨԰һӴζ
ҶЦҺλڻʶģѧӰӱݵģǿ׵ĺܰ
˭㡭ҶĻŰһۣԸԼͣȴġ
ǹˡ
źȻҶ죬Ϊ֣ǸƯŮȻһԼ˹
¡ҶŵС֣վ
㣬ãû뵽ˡ
᯾ǸѾߵǰҶЦǰк
ҶҶ죿
ǰĸߴ󣬵ȴ¶һ˿۵Ҷ죬᯾һζû뵽ȻҶ죿
Ҫ֪ӣֲǾ¾ۻĵطܶǮûݵıǽģ᯾Ȼ֪Ҳǵһν
С㣬ʶ
᯾վһļԾؿҶ죬϶Լݷ˵ΪˣԷ϶ǱθߵȦˡ
ǵһ뵽ӰԺУδǼ͹֪ĳЩȦ˵ЩУѧˣЩѾǣЩ˶Ҳ֮֮ȥġ
뵽͹вմմϲ˵ֳʶһЩĹӸ磬ǼﳤҲ佱ġ
ڻʶģҶ죬ôﰡ
˵ʵȻҶ쿴ȥ򵥵ģǸ᯾һ־ˮµĸо˶סһ㣬ô
ܿϻѧȴ쳣ĵ͵ȱᾭ飬Ϊ˴ȴֳˮ©ڻϾȻץ˸ͨЩ᯾е档
ȻڻϵˣѾȥ˽µʱ䣬᯾żǻǸЦܡɬĴк뵽˲ĵط
ϣڻʶģ
᯾ĻüЩͷˣȦˣʲô¶Ƿȥģ˭𳵰ǲǵ
ҶЦȥ˵ǰҺ;ڻʶģˣҽҶ졭
ŶҽмҸǡ
Ҷ񵭵Цݣæ˫֣ʶľͱ˼ﳤͷȻûҶΪڻʶ᯾Цȴǫˡ
ڼ͹ӵĸоֻе̵ˣŻҶڽԼʱֻ˵֣Ϊ˸ͲҪñ˵ͷ԰Լˡ
ţ
ڼ͹סҶֺȻסˣΪ֣Ҷװڵ̱꾹ȻûҸҪǣǻṈ̀꣬ȫûġ
һʱ͹Ӿе㲻ˣղŻΪԷĳϲҵӵܣھͷĪЩȦô·
Ҳ԰˵ʲôȦӣװ̱꣬Ǳ׼͹ӵĴԶʱЩ


100 μ
ڼ͹ӻھҶݵʱһʮߵ԰м䣬˸˷磬ȿɢڻ԰˵ע˹ȥ
λλŮʿӭμXXXҵЭٰ磬ӣŮʿڰæ֮Ҳϯ˴ᣬҹƻӭ
Դؽ֮󣬻԰Ĺ˶԰ţѰ˿еӣŮʿ
͹Ӵ˿Ҳ˲ѯҶˣŽżţֲĴʼˣЩҲֻδˡ
εĿУһʮ׿ԽŮˣںȻ˵ӵ£ߵ˳м䣬лλӣֲϣȹһҹ
˵仰ǸŮ˾ͽͲ˻ȥںȻһ뵽˻԰ǰķԺЩĽѡ
ţŮ˭
Ҷ͵ģʲôӣŮʿӣֲͳͳûԸղһֱȵţֱȺɢ󣬲ѯʵ
㡭㲻֪ӣŮʿ˭
δ˵һԵļ͹Ӿ͵ɴ۾¶һ˼ӣҶûӣ֣ǷʲôʮĴһ㡣
ʱ䲻ڻѧûӣŮʿ
Ҷܳʵص˵ͷ˵֪֮Ϊ֪֪֮Ϊ֪֪Ҳûдӵϰߡ
ҶĻ󣬼͹֪ԸղſˣЩĵʵûãǡ㱱ô˵ôð
Ҷ¶˼ɫҡѧϰԵȽǿ
¼ȻǳɵˣλԸΪĸӵܵˣȻǸĳԼȻϸͽᣬƻȥᱻǰǸЦˡ
СҶǱ߻е飬ģС㣬ǹȥɣ
͹⼸걱Ҳǰ׻ģȻҶ˱ĵ˼ϻҪ˵ùȥģܱȶ˺õĵֻҶ׵ġ
ȻĻ᯾һ£˵ҡһҶ˵仰ȹȥ𣿡
ãǱ߹СĴݡ
ü͹û뵽ǣŮ龹Ȼ²ˣɫʱͱѿⳡȻǲܷġ
ֻת󣬼͹ϵļⶼʼ鴤ˣ̽˵ĵף̵ֱ˷۱ȫûˡ
ϼͣСӵǸİ
ȻջصȦӣС̲ʹ˹ˣ᯾ôûʶСӣ
̲үүԭǹ粿һ쵼ֻǿϧүıȽ磬ĸûմʲô⡣
үµڸĸ￪źȴǷһЩá
̲Ϳ˸Ӱӹ˾ǰϱġǼӰӹ˾ġ
ϵȻ̲벻ЩǣǴżӣӰԺУЩߺѧǰõģСھȦﻹԵÿġ
͹ӵȻԸ˵ˣҪǱС֪ȥһ׽֪ܴʲô汾أ²˻⣬˵˭֪ǸģȻλСɣ缸ߣһȥ
Ȼ뿪Ҷ쿴᯾˵㣬ҪҺŵȻˡ
ҶŮߣؼŵСһֱ䣬ʱʱĻôһ£Ҷͬѧʵܲ𰡡
ҶĻ᯾ҧҧ촽˵û£ǸֲѣиӰȦѽģҶ죬㡭㲻Ϊҡʲôİɣ
᯾˵ⷬԼסˣҲ֪ԼΪôǰĴкԼϸž˵ס
Ҫ֪ӰȦĵطûûϷӣӰȦȱľǿŮ᯾Щ˼ҵʦʦǣڻдѵء
һ˵ҵǰڹǰ죬ҵ֮͸ӼˣԺܶӰԺУѧӴʱ򣬾ͿʼӴᣬԼϵˡ
᯾Ҳ֪ЩͬѧΪϲϷܶණǾ˶ԣȴΪ˳Լ֪ʽۻᣬ᯾ǲμӵġ
㣬ˣҺűǱӲģһỹҪѧУء᯾ĻҶ֪ˣæԽһ
Ȼûп۲죬ҶҲܿ᯾·ʱ򺬼أӺᣬϸһ㡣
᯾üëһģرüĴƤϣϴǸҦٻٻŮüĴǳɢ״״ͺ˷ϵˡ
˵᯾ǸŮȻҶڻʲôŮᣬԻ켣Ȧܽ԰ŮǺкøеġ
ҶĻ᯾ЩȻŬļһ˿Цݣ˵ðɣȻȥˣ桭
㣬ͣһΪǵġ
Ҷ죬лл㡭
Ҷ᯾ȭͷϵЦʮϣ᯾Īĺת
ֻ᯾֪Ҷٺÿ϶˵ģ֮˵ܳΪǣҲ޵ķʸ
᯾㣬׹棬ڳ࣬һ˶ò˥Ҷţ˶ÿ¾ڸýϿˡ
㣬еȰ᯾뿪С죬ȻҲ᯾Ҷûʲôﻹе㲻
Ҷ۸۸˵ģЦе˵нʲôҪǽǲ׳ء
СŰҶһۡ
ˣţ㻹û˵ӣŮʿʲôأ
Ҷ첻᯾Ͼæ˸⣬˫ֱ֤ţģƶʮˣҶûȤ
Ҷ죬ôû죬ôƶ
ŶҶĻǿЦã˵˵ȥԸ˵һ̳ˣ֪ҶĵУҪǻˣָͱˡ
ҶĻҪشģһ֮˵ҶӣŮ֪Ҳ࣬Σ˵ǱμҵŮ
μңǸ̨ģŵĻҶ챻һ
ҡҡͷ˵Ȼˣֻζѣ̨Ǳûϵģûκ𣿡
ŮֲôءκֺҶ˹˼ǵ̣治һܱġ
׻˵һ壬⻰ûеģֻļ主УϴȥǧͷǮƶͽڼ󣬲пɹʡ
μңĩʼһֱڹϵĴ壬ҵ̳ϣ˱һֱ
ڸĸ￪֮μڹǿ˾޴ã̶̵ʮʱ䣬͵һ˵ҵ


101 аϣ
μҵƶκ죬ǸˣҵϵʱȻһϣ֧ļҲ޳ľ׸˹ҡ
Ҫ֪ڰʮĩʮڵʱμҵĲҵԼ鼰򣬾ԿԳƵǸɵйʱκùܶ۾
κΪҲֱӽôһˣ̨
ھʮڵʱκȻĳλսϱķ£𲽽˹ҵ쵼Ĳ㡣
ɴһμڹڵĵλͱóȻǰ̽䣬̽ӰȻǲԶģκ̳ûκεϵӮ˸ء
ΪκŮӣȻûеιְǰϼĺܶ⣬ϸִӰڹڵĳȻλ˵ЩˣľųĴҲҪЦеĺֶŮġ
ҶΪθղλ͹Լ֪ӣ˭¶ǷˣΪЩ˵УӣֱĴڡ
Ҷ˵ӣǰڵЩˣǴ֮Уﲢûô⣬ǮٶλٸߣҲûһëǮĹϵ
ʱ԰Ҳе˸ֶ֣߳ܶ˶µ԰ʱȥˡ
⻹һЩԴһֲʸӣȦӵˣǾڻ԰졣
Ҷ죬ҲȥɣҶ졣
ţûЩ˶ǺƵģҶܸɴҡҡͷǲ裬ǲԸֳǸоʮֵĲá
Ҷ죬죬湻ġЦǰҶоʵ
ãû
ﶢŲϵĴϺܣҸ̯ȥ⴮СϺأҶ쵱վߵ˵ţԺҸһĻںк߰ɡ
ãǣͷӰְ֡
ŵ˵ͷܹɵվóֻںȻĵ绰
Ҷ죬ְͬˣ棬߰ɡ
ϵ绰´ϣҶ԰ȥֻովǰȴǶһˡ
С㣬ܷ͸ӣһأ
һ߿ͷ⻬ĺͿһƵˣվҶŵǰ΢΢֣ڳ˸ʿ
һĻҶ첢û˵ܴһ£ڲԶһȺˣָָģжʱˣһЩˣڽĳĵϷ
ҶµûνˣǸղż͹Ȧһ竣ȥ᯾˵ҶֻǸѧ󣬶ʱ͹
ȻȺģƽʱϴԾӣνһϸݣ¾˵ˣνһ֧裬ղŹһܳͽνһ¡
ȺµļһΨ²ҵӣȻĻ󣬾Ȼһע淢һĻ
ԲҪˡҡҡͷʹҶ첻ڣƽʱμᣬҲİġ
С㣬͸£һӣòð
ŸܾνȻˣСӿɲܶ
ԲáŵĺƢֻǶҶģδؾͼŮ¾׼νƹȥ
ȣС㣬Ӷ
ԴĶļȻͬνǼСƽʱˣһҲʲôϣȻֱŵץȥ
λ磬ץҵָﰡֵץסˣȴŵģν֣ǰҶһԹؿԼ
û£С˵ءνͷؾҪ˦Ҷ֣ȴǱҶ췴һۣץס
СӣҪ
ν˦û˦϶ʱѹ˵ѧУѧȥﲻĵط
ΪʲôأҲѾ𣿡
Ҷ¶һԻ󲻽ӣνҲЩԺˣĪǰкǸӣ
СӣҺ˵ף֣ҪȻǲ˰Ѿߵ԰ſڣνЩˡ
ôҲ
ҶȻЦݣԴпһ˿⣬ôһЩˣǲвģء
٣СӣĽаǲǰŲү㰡
νӱ³çżȻЩڿԼЦҲ˲װ˹ˣȭҶϴȥ
֣
Ҷһ˿âǰϷŴȭͷҶҲûֻڶԷ󴦵֣΢΢˵
Ӵۣ㡭Сӿ֡
һǺĺʹڻ԰ʱһĿ⿴Ҷνˡ
Ҫˣ
Ҷüͷû뵽С˰Լûöͺһô꣬Ȼŵ㾩ǻζ
Ҷɲ뱻ô˹עæһסνļͷҸµһλᰴһ£νʱڴȴס˺Ĺһˡ
һ˹վҲκζˣΪڴˣ׷ջĿ⡣
ȻȦȴǿ˲ԣС̲С۾˵͸磬񲻶԰ҪҪȥæ
Ⱥ˵ϹϵжãƽʱûһȸС۸ˣ¿ιӺԿˣʱһĦȭƵ׼ȥæ
ôæСӴһ٣
ȻҡҡͷνСӾӣ£ؼ˭ֲ˺ãվڱ𶯣ȥ
һȦˣνڳ˳󣬼͹Ҳ᲻ÿ¾ҶǱȥҪС
ֻǼȻߵһվס˽ţΪҶѾɿν԰ȥνǴվƺɵˡ
ûзͻ͹Ҳ˿ֻǵһ֮󣬷νɵɵվ˹ȥø첲˵ζôˣСӲǸʡ͵ĵưɣ

ԭڳڵνȻôһͻȻһϵļڼȵĿ־壬öŤƺǰվŵĲǼȻһֻĶһ㡣
Ĳǹأǲǰ
˱ν͹Ҳˬѹһ֮־Ҫȥν˵һɤӿǾ˲ˡ
𡭡ҧҡ
ڼȻոνʱ򣬴ŵνͻȻ˫˼ȻؿڴȻ嶼˳ȥ
ûκļ͹ӣֻоһɴؿڴ˼֮һ˻԰Ĳƺϡ
ͻıʣ԰˶ˣһĿɿڴؿŹһνϴ
ڵϵļȻǷӦȽϿģڿνȻŻ԰Ľȥʱ򣬲̲ס졭ס


102 а£
Ҫ뵽Ľȥˣιڻ԰ôڣ֮ͬ䶪Щˣˣɾʹˡ
ڼνҪ壬ڵϵļȻɫʱŵɷףԼҵӶ뷽跨ֺӣŮʿνôһϱ˵Ҫˡ
͹⻰õǺܼʱȴǺˡ
̲СȻ˼ȻĻȥιӣԸȶ̴֣ѹ׷Ϸһνֻؿﺰźڣһͷ԰ǰǶӡ
ã̲סνվſڵδȴһѽν׼ȷ˵ŲӱŸ첲ιӸ˵ϡ
νС̵ķ˰
νסˣȻ˿æ˹ȥڴ˵λ磬ֵܺȶˣʵǶԲסſɡ
һվҡҡͷָһȴش˵Ųţ˵˲ġ
˳˵Ŀ￴ȥȻʱ˰أΪǶȣպÿԿΣͬЩ˵Ŀ⣬˿ҲۼԼνϡ
ãûʲô£ҡˡ
ԼϰǷŭ󣬸ü͹ӵԼժĻڱǵĺҲҪͷˡ
ɲǽʱ˵ˣ͹ӺνҲûôĽ鰡ͻ񾭲ûҪԸҲ׽ȥȻת԰ߡ
վס˭û˵ء͹û߳ͱ˸סˡ
ͬʱǶŷʽҲˣһʮľͷ˳üͷʵʲô飿Ǿֲȷſ˵
壬ҲأСӳƵľҪ壬¾С㣬ҲŽ
ĻڰסνǸӣ˵ӣɿɣˡ
ʱνҲûٱQˣɿֺ󣬶ʱ̱˵ϣ۴񣬿ڽһЩɫĭе֢״
СӣⶪˣӲ㡭
׼쿴νʱͻȻܳһһץסν죬žžӡ
ȲҪִӣˡ
һץס˵󣬱ݣǱץסˣԭ׼ȶȴһˡ
ȿȣүŲҰСӴꡭ
Ȼ˱ҲС˼꣬ƺȴ쳣𾴣ǼǰѶԷүġ
ˣȽȥɣûµġ
˰֣Ȼ壬νƤ쿴ƺҲ˿Լˣתͻص
簡⵹Щˡ˵Żдʹ
ӴһʹԭĿɢν۾Ĺ󽥽
ӣǱȥƿȪˮƿ;
ڷԸţԼҲ˹ȥνº󣬿ʵСӣʲô¶
йҡҸղżˡ
岻ʻãһʣνƺЩˣ﷭ȥľ߶֣Ա߼˶ЩĪ
⡭Īаˣҡҡͷļ͹ӣʵѰɣ⵽Ǹô°
ү
ҽУС
Ȼղ׶νӶһһүؽţֻԼսгڣͱϵˡ
ǣ壬νղ˵ŻͻȻ֮ͱ÷ˣҡҲ֪ô°
͹˵ĻʵιΪҪȥҶԭ򣬾ԶʡԵˡ
üͷһʵ˵أ
Ȼѿڶˣ֮νʼġ
Ŷ˶䣿׷ʵüͷ֪ںʱѾ˸֡
ʮ˾ɣ˵Ǹѧ͹Ҳζˣ˸ģѵСӸɵģ
ȿˮȻѷ;Ĩ̫Ѩϡ
µЧʺܸߣ̶̵ļӾƿˮͷ;˻ĻšƿǾνй˼ˮ
ϼͣģǡСӻҡҸղļˡ
Ҫ˵;ЧǲͿĨûӣϵνȫ˹һ˿⡣
νʱ룬Ȼæʹ˸ɫ˵ν˵㻰أúûػ
̧ͷվδ󺺺ǾݵͷνҲоЩˣȻʵҡҸղôˣϼͣ⡭ô£
û£˵˵ô˰νĻ
Ҳ֪ղѵǸСӣ˭֪ץסСӾôֶˡ
ν˵Ż˦֣ߵļ˶ܿ󴦣мѪָӡǡ
ôˣ岻ɫʵ
үһţŶһŻˣֺǰ£Ȼ󡭡Ȼ󡭡
˵ʱνп־ɫˣȻ˺ð죬ûټ˵ȥ
Ȼͼˣܲʾһ䡣
ԣԣÿ°ö˫õץҡνܼ˾ȻҲеһɭɭ⡣
ν˵ʱ߬ס˼Ȼ֣ץļ͹ģȴҲҺۣҲνĳסˡ
ιѣûµģй
νƺе㲻ѣһԵĺæдͿĨ˵;
ˣûµģЩǻþؼ˯һͺˡ
֮󣬰˰֣ڼȻν߳˵˯Ҫصơ
仰ü͹Ӻιͬʱ˸սͷҲص굽ǸСȦӺҲ˲úԼҳкˣ׷׼ݳȥ
ȵȻ뿪󣬻Ӵֵʵ壬ô°йѽСǲ̫ˣ
ǿ϶ûеġ
ҡҡͷ˵ǰʱ򣬽ЩʦԲʹɷ壬龰ͼҲˡ
壬˵Ҳ̫˰ɣô֪ˣȻأͻӶͬʱҡԴĻǲΪȻ
ǲż£
ûصһۣ˵νɷ壬ָΪĸıĳԲųʶң˻ԾţҪ˵
ʮϺ̲ȻľʱȥһֱʮĩŴ飬ԶǺͻõġ
ղ˶˵ԷǸѧ⡭ⲻӦð뵽ҲЩˣֶεˣڽǰҲѵһˡ
ڽźЩ伣ˣʹмţҲϰʮˣҲһѧϹϵ


103 ɷ
й䣬аһ˵ũ壬ᷢ£֢״һǷ˵ũţͽΪ
ֻ֪ΪɷаԵʰˣЩ۵ĵطˣͻ֢״
ǻһ֣ǾΪˣֲֻܿɷֶҲŹûۼʩչ֪ûĸˡ
ǸЩ˻϶Ϊ⽨ţѹˣʹиģҲ߰ʮˣ⡭ͼȻļ
˰֮ҡҡͷԸǸҶѧǸ˭ģӣߣȥ¼ء
ǸνаСôһˣǿһ˵顣
֪֮ͨ˵Ŀ֮ȻЩҲѪ֮סǹڣڰɱΣȴǷʤǲᰲĵġ
壬ô𣿲ǸСӷĻЩΪȻǵְֻҪСˣ¶ûʲôϵ
֪ƨȥӣߣȥҡ
۾һɣŵǺȻ˵ˣ֪ͷˣ˵ȥٲðһʰ
Ȼ׻˵ȭ׳ɣ⻰ȫϣҲ֪Ǿݵ̺˶ʰǰˣһֻ־㹻ˡ
Ϊ˱֤˵ľ԰ȫӣֲһЩ˽ĵطûͷ⣬ĹڳϣӸǶȶװͷר˶ʮСʱ鿴
Һ󣬺ܿͽղŷڻ԰ļص˳ҶνǵСͻҲǰ
壬СӺǸӰղĶһ˿
ڿ̺󣬻Ҳ˵ŵνִ˵ʱȭͷҶǰȴԼջȥס֣ȻҶץסνϣ
ûǸӣҹ򲻵͡
Ե˵ͷǸʵûбĽǶȵͷܿģ
Ҷסνļ˾ͱ˱ͷԶҶǷʹҲȷ
ĻǸҡҡͷ˵壬ûˣվȻǣλþһͷ
ˣĻˣͷŴҿ
ҶνվһĻ棬ͷȽԶ˵ݶȽģñӱҶò
٣СһᰡûüĿģҪǸղſأ治֪ء
ҶòʱӲɾΪϵҶ죬ʵ̫ˣ΢Цǣһ˿ɬı顣
ף壬ôˣʶ
˰֮ȴûŤͷһһһǰ壬ʱǻϵòȻɵӶ
ʶôʶ
ӵĻηһջĿ⣬ʹǻôҲˣ巽ŵĻЩԲˡ
̴óҡ
Ǳ̼ص¼Ҫ˹ȥȻĿת˻ӣ˵ӣ鲻Ҫ˵ߣȥˡ
ɫ࣬æһ˵壬İɣмɵģԲ˵һ֡
ȻӣûڵιְϼĺܶܲҵƿصģҪԲһλ߹٣ԻӺͺǹزָӣ߱ġ
壬Ǵӹ֮󣬾һֱӣߣӣߴ˺üĻӺͺҲ֪Ůʿʲôϵֻ֪λμҵƶκڣ嶼ǳء
Ա𿴻ƽʱĸҺ忪ЦǵǾֻзķˡ
ôǴкôһС㰡
뿪ҵʱ򣬻Ժðôһͷ֮ͱѹȥ֮ûκεĹ

Ҷ죬ղǸô°ִܿɲð
ѾʻӣֲղŷһĻŵԺؿǸνˣҶȭͷҲҶץס˵
ڽǶȵĹϵŻҶ쵱ʱֵֺǰһȦӣȻָǸ˵üģŸоǹ졣
ͷԵǣԼҶո߳԰ʹߵľˣҲԼ淢һЩ飬ƺղǳʲôӡ
ҿûܣҲˣ˴ҵġ
ŵĻҶ캰ԩüЦ⣬ȴ˵ҶܲΪõǸùʲô
ԭҶǲνһʶģֻܹԼȻҶĸס
ȻСû裬лһ˿ԹޣⲢĸҶĿеĵλݲñµġ
Ҷ˸Լиɷ󷨣Ԫ԰һеɷ֮ۼһȻ뵽νüѨУʹʶڶʱڲ˻ҡ
ɷ֮֮˵뵽ˣĵطʱһЩһɭɭͷƤĸо
ιӱһɷ֮뵽ڣЩʬɽѪñصĳ棬ҲͲΪˡ
˵Ҷ컹ǱȽϺģֻȡһЩɷ֮ѣĻνܱеĻþʹҲøҵ³
ɱΣҲǷˮʦĿ֮ˣνžһ߱ʹ˻ɵҶϣΣ
˵һ֢״ļͻಡҶһëǮĹϵûУѹҲκοظɡ
ȴʩչسģҪڳɷ󷨣ȰհԷλ㣬һҪϣ䷱֮Զˮ˶ۻҡ
ϵĻ˵ڵϣȱµ˾ԲһϵԼڡ
Ҷղɷ󣬺ͨľɷв̥ͬԭǵԪõģȴǱҶĶ˷ˮС
ɷҪʩȫƿܵɷ֮˼ʹʢĹŴҲǴ˵е
˵ɷܰڳҶԴ󷨣ϣҲûеڶʹóˡ
ҸղҶ촦ڽʩʱ§סνԼ壬סֻƾɷΣ㵱֣ҲǿҶֶεġ
ֻҶȻѾ㹻СģûнӴֳϣҲ֪԰ﾹȻͷĴڣɴ˱ḻ壬һ˿ߡ


104 
ϵķ粨ֻǸСĲڼȻ뿪ͽˣ˵˵ЩִЩ֮̿⣬˶Ϊֻںְˡ
ںȻ֪ҶȻҲ뵽֪˽ȥҶֲʱĵǼǡ
԰еЩֲİԱǸоһЩͬΪ߶Լֲ⼸ͨӪҵĿȻȫͣҵˡ
ׯ԰ʽֲһŷʽС¥֮⣬ԭҹƹͨľֲص˺ڰ֮С
ӣ˿̻ʢķΣոԡûдɵͷƮɢڼϣ¶һٸ顣
ӣ㲻ʮֵƯûκηϣƤʮֵϸ壬ʮͷˣȥʮŮһ㡣
壬ôŰ׷ʲô鰡
¥幧վڿɳԣӣüͷ˵壬˵˶ٱˣǳڼһ㰡ҪȻҶ˼ˡ
Ŵһ˯۵ӣ¶һ˿еĳɫЦ˵С㣬ҿųģƢҲ֪񲻿ɷϰ
ˣ˰ɡ
ӣεҡҡͷʵʲô°Ҫ򳡶صղϴ趼˺ü绰
С㣬㿴ӡ
˿¼һ̴ӷ˽ȥҲû˵ʲôֱӽŵҶʱ͵İͣ
⡭⣬˭
ԭ̬뿿ɳϵӣڿҶ沿ʱȻˣ¶ŵı顣
ͽôô񰡣ӣ
˵ͷ˵ǰҵʱҲһ⺢ӵͰüë۾ͱӣֱʹСһģһС㣬˵᲻ǣ
ʲô
ƿһӴҵǿˣӣܿͻָ򶨣黹û֮ǰԼȷжϡ
ҶҶ죬С㣬Сʱ򣬲ǺһҶġ
ڵ֪Ҷ󣬼Ϳ϶ݣϣ֪˲࣬ǡþеһ
˶ΪκֻһһŮʮ뿪˴½Ǽ֪κŮģҴŮһֱʮĩʱ򣬲ȥ
⡭̫ˣϾȥ绰һܸ˵ġ
ĻһǰЦӣҲ̲סˣɳҴҵؾҪ¥ܡ
С㣬²ܼǱߡ
æӣǰμڹڵȨƣ֪Ҷ䣬Ҫȵ죿ǼλȥѰҶ츸
壬ɲȥҵԼˣѵС̵Ӷ
ӣͽĸ鼫ãҲ֪Щڹʱ޿̲˼ԼĺӣҶ͵ǰֻһʱ߽㡣
С㣬¶ܼһ⺢Ӳþ֪ԼݣС֪£϶᲻һеҪعԼƢ֪Ҫֳķ粨
ӣͷͬԼ˵˵⺢ЩѰЩľ취
Ѱô£
ӣ壬֪¹ˣҲ׳Ƶĺţһʶ㣬˶ڵϺΪƳ֮⣬ܿ۵ˡ
иӳ˵飬аˡ
ϷԼԼƶϣԭԭĸӣһ飬˵ڴ֮ǰֻҶӴˣһ⺢Ӷ
֮߻ӣ̾ɫ˵ӦоУӴʿͻ֢״ʮа˾žˡ
壬Թ˰ɣ
ĻӣǰҶŴòҡͷ˵壬úÿһӣᶮʲô
ӣںСʱ򣬾ͱκ͵ȥˣȻСͽӴˣܵ˵ڵ署ʥʲôĸš
Ҷòʵ̫ƭˣȻĸߴ󣬵δѣ˵ǸţҪ˵ĺǸˣζСǲŵġ
С˵Ҳǣ֪Ҳ֪⺢ôģҿǲҪżȸЩ˵ɡ
ӣĻҲоԼˣֲܿɷˣ֪ƺûһܰ쵽ֻйŴЩ˵еˡ
ɣ壬úȥһ£ܽӴҶ죬⺢ӵıôԲõĻǲҲգҽμңҲδǼ¡
ھļӣ侲ִ֮УҪ飬ڹЩӣҲûټֵе顣
ӣҲûҶֶӵûʲôо෴ںĸܣҶǸԲõˣպֻǵýġ
ãС㣬ȥš˵ͷӦڵӣϤĶС㡣
ڻ԰һֵĴ£ͣһۺһȻľųˮĺܣһžʱҲǺˣ˲ٽ԰ѧ
߰״վ˼С꣬һϵˣŸ󡾵ʱʱĳŮѧſڡ
ҶĻ϶ϳ⼸˶Ǻģ˼ȻǸ̲С֮⣬λһǰУ˸Цνιˡ
⻹мˣȴԵĺλһ·ˣһı뺷۾ðŹ׹⣬һ˭˳۵ӡ
˵ζСӾͲͣ찡ٳʲô£Ƹ缸ȦӾͼˡ
ȻȰ˵ιӣһؼ˼جΣոû죬֪ĸִˣҪҶ鷳
ϼͣүûôأһСʹû֪Ϊʲô죬үڿȥ
νһڹĿɹģڼ˼جβ˵պ˵ȥҸ棬ȴϵ£
һӿıʲôصιӣѡԵǰε£ͨһЩ߰Ĺϵ˼ˣҪѰҶ鷳
ζӻûǰɣ˭үأνĻ󣬼ȻҲɫ֮һһү֣ǾǴ˵Ļ
ֲǶƺʲô
νǸģƢ˻֪ϵ֮⣬ײϣ¾ҪͼȻ
٣ϼͣҲζⲻͿǵǵģҪ
ûˣСæԲаа£̲ѹһվڲԶǼˣνʵ˵ζҵ⼸˿𣿡
ϻ˵µˣ˵ǼѪģܲ𣿡
ν˵ҲСһ㣬öЩˣԼܵǡ


105 鷳
˵ˣǲˡ
˵ˣС϶ʱɫȥЩһǼˣС˵ζС±Ǯ˰
Ҫ֪ͽЩߺСƦӲͬţľųҲ쵱ģǱ̲Щˣ˼һĵ̡
˵ĴĶľųھϰ壬Ҳľųȭʦ͵ϱԼ嶼вƵĽ飬Ǻóŵһ
ʱڣھȻͿȥˣһ֣ҲҰү֮Ķĸ񰲵¸ɴ鵱ȥˡ
Ҫ˵񰲵µǲսϰ꿹սˣߵսһһ磬һëû
ձͶ񰲵ֻص˱ǣ˶ʮǮƣȢ˷ϱСӡ
ǻ񰲵Ѿʮˣûй񰲵ʮʱ򣬾ȻӣĶ
񰲵´ϲ϶ϲмӣһҴı춼̸Ķ
û꣬Ǹҵ񰲵²μӹ鱻˽ҷ˳ֱӾͱӽسǼ˸ͽ̣ա
ʱĶǸʮëӣû˸׹̺ܽҲľų˻й򣬴ĺܿͳΪľų
ֻǹͷǸĶҲץ˽ȥ˰ͽֱ̣ʮڲű˳
߰ʮļǾ˲Ż۵ĵطԭ֫ͷԼ򵥵Ķѧϰ˰֮ԴҲˡ
ûǮûѧûʽһеĶҽַڽ˵Ǯڻվ˰峵
ʱĶʮͷ䣬׳ţƵģǰܿڳվ˲С
Ķȥүӳ飬սɱСձʱ䳤ˣ˾͸˸Žˡ
ԹĿĶξ͵͵࣬Ŀһһվ׬˵һͰ
ܵ׵ѬգĶҲǸĺӣύѣǮ֮ǽ˲ѵĽú
ЩúǣʵǲôĶΪ͵ıɳץȥֱ۵ĶΪֱ˰ꡣ
Ķٴγѧˣպǰ깫ϵͳѲһЩᰲ˾а˳ȥĶñ˵壬ߵһұ˾а
˵Ǳ˾ʵǼݣĶͽȻؽҹ˾ˣһЩ˾ҵͱнӸ˱ҵ
УǻһЩɱɱ飬Ķֵ£ҲһЩйĺݽɫЩ⣬˽żҲӵ˽ɸɡ
˵ѵһѧνȥЩרҵ֡
ֻιʵǱҶŻˣ׼ҶԲϧǮ˴˵ı˾
ȻιҲɱˣĿֻΪҶЩƤ֮ˣҲһЩǰ춪ӡ
ζô£ⶼСʱˣҪǻǽɵȣ
ɫСЩͷˣԭ֣û뵽һˣû֡
ʲôΪ԰Ӱӹ˾˽ģҽȥˣСӻûɣ
ιȻżǵǮƽʱͦģҲ֪ѧɲҰĵطûУſڶţרܵһֵĵط
μǴ磬Ѿȥһڵʱ䣬ںȻҲѷϺҶָֻƽУ԰
ڳֽѵν飬ҲҶԺˣ뷨ֻҪǼһûĻӦòˡ
˵ϴ󣬽ôȥˣ
صҶ췢ϴȻԴ·ٶȥ˸Ȼһ·žǰ硣
ҶĻͬվӵİƲƲ죬˵𣿿϶ǳȥŮģ˵ϴ㲻İĸҹˣ
Ҫ˵Ҷļˣûһʡ͵ĵƣѧû칦򣬻϶Ŀ꣬Ҷ÷֮⣬˻ΪȷϵŬš
ȥȥ߶ȥСǱӲ֪Ӽ
ûص˰һۣҶĴŲŲС˵Ҷ죬ԼȥӰȥȥҿƱ
٣ϴôģҶЦҺȥݣ
ĶܰǸǣкҵȻҪˡʹظڳһȻģ
ģ
ҶЦЦؿϣ˵ϣҡҺбء
𰡣ֵܣɶҲܱȿӰҪ
ҶĻҲ˲װˣѹ˼֣˵һȥزŴӦˣҪǲȥǲǸǲ̨𣿡
ã˵ϴ󣬿Ӱҹ밡ҶһЦ˳һӣ˵ͬ缸ϼҵΪʵ
ҶӦ϶ʱЦҶһѣ˵ûⰡҹŶ£ʰʰޣߵҪˡ
ߵ߰ȳȥˣϴϵطҹҹԣѾߵſڵİͳְͷ˻
ˣɣϵطûĻ˻֣ᵽԶˡ
ϴûɣ
Ҷ쿴ϵıڲ㣬æʲôֲǴҪһСʱ
ⲻǴǽһүǵ㣬Ҳ·Ű춷죬ҲĥƤˡ
ҶͬѧλҶͬѧϺҶڳƤʱͻȻˡ
Ҷ죬ʦʲô£Ҷţվ˶ʮѧ
㡭Ҷ찡
λҶһۣ뵽һȥˣҺҶӣΪ¶ЩİǰϵԸԼСʦܡ
ڱǹջ󣬻˵ģҶ죬Ум㣬Ҹ
Ŷң
Ҷ쿴˿ǰλɫﲻ˼֣һöָͨ䣬ɫռһԡ
Ǻǣллʦ֣ȥҶЦͷ˻ǲٰԼҪҪŪң
Ҷشôʹ죬Ǹһ£վϵǵҧҧ˵Ҷ죬ǼŲǺˣ㡭ûǱȥˡ


106 
Ҷ죬ô£ǵˣ
ſǸȥıӰϴҶ˳˵ҪߣһȥģΪϻĶǺúӰ
ϵϼ뺷ѧƢҲòȥ໥ɸ۾ܳѧУѧУ֮ȺŹǼҳ㷹
Сͳ˸ϣȻҲûٴܣһǳսһߵģֻ˴ѧ֮Ҳûֻ˶ѡ
һ˷ܵӣҶҡҡͷ˵ϴ󣬻ͷȴźسȥɣڵӰԺҾС
ϵĹҶ춼֪ϾǺȦûκεĽ֪˲ʲô¡
ôаղ˲˵𣬶ϵˣһȥ϶Կģߣֻܷģиڣ˲ڻ¡
صԭϺҶĹϵãȻϿԿˣ֪ˣָ˵ûи
Ҳˣдܹ񫰡ȭȭȻԷǺĸоһˬ
˵ֲһȥܵģãңȻ·
űԼżϣҶǿЦãǲڻúӱﻵ˰˶УžȻ˵˷ܣ
±Լõʱ仹һСʱҶ컻·ͺгŸȥˣҲʡĻͷ֪˵ġ
ѳӷź֮Ҷ߳УţͲõһ۾ͿվѧУļ˺
㡭ⶼʲô˰
һţϵעͱ˹ȥȻĲߣǳĴ׳Ӻͼ米һ𣬿ȥͺ͸ʯӲࡣ
Ҳʽһ۾Ϳˣ⼸˾ӣܹߵͣǶԼҶܶԸ˵ġ
˵Ҷ죬ǻǱȥˣǲҽУ˵ġ
ȻֲɵҲϻѧˣ׻˵úǰֻҪǲȥЩҲûܵѧУ˵ġ
ǸСҪ裬Ҿܾˣⲻ鷳
ҶŬŬ죬Ц˵ϴûµģȵңҹȥ̸̸
ҶҲע⵽ԱߵǼˣֻıϻҪ͸Էͣٷ֮һȭģҶмˡ
Ѹ統ʲôߣѧУſҲҶֵġ
ҶĻҧҧŹѧӰܻģͲЩ˸Ҷ֡
˵ˣɹϵҶδҸ鰡Ů˵ǾԲ˵ġ
ȥҶ쿴һϡ
ϻȻҪ涯֣ѧУܣֿܡҪ˵ϴУ԰Ź飬Ǻܷḻģ·ˡ
ǸСӣˣˡ
Ҷڹ۲νˣվУ԰νҲһ۾ͿҶ죬Ҳ֪Ǻ»Ǽ˵ʱڲ
ιӵĻڰһֻļȻ̧ͷҶ죬һ£Сӣǵ֪˶УŻҳ
ιӣﲻö֣ȻȥǱ𣿡
Ǽ·վŵĴ֣ˣҲ׷Χ˹ͷǸ׳ӣϸ߹һ֮˵С幻׳ʰ˵ģҪǱܻѧУҲû취ˡ
ӽʮͣѣûʲô͸˻췹ԣΪڼһ˶֮Ϊ硣
ֻйľһİԾ;˽ӵֵĻҲ֪¶ŸϣҲֻ۱ֻˡ
Ȼ˵Ǯ֣ﻹзִģҲѧУſڽִһﶼûŽϴòһ㣬⼸ҹӳˡ
Ļνæ˵磬˵ǸһǸ΢һġ
ʲôԱǸŽעתҶ죬һ֮²ƲƲ졣
ЩӵǮɧģôһˣȻͿϻǮǣҪһϣǺӸ˰
뵽Դߵ˵Ȼȥӣˡ
磬¶ɣȥˣӸ㶨֤ι⡭
վߵһҲЦϿҶ첻Ǹʮ˾ѧһһǸˡ
ʹ磬°
˵䣬ҶѾߵǰҶһƺǰȻԼڣһ¡
ҶҶ죬⡭⡭
Ҷ캰һ磬ٿҶ۵ӣȻﲻ֪Ǹʲôζһ֮󣬰Ťν˵ζ˵һѧʲô氡˵˭֪ǲԼ񾭲ϸʲôѽ
˭ռ͵ģû£߶ȥ
Ҷν⼸جƺԺˣĶ£ʱ۾ˣֱӾͳȻ¿ˡ
ν⻰һ˶ɵˣôǹˣ¶û죬Լڧˡ
ȻѾ˵ˣ͹ҲûٸνӣתҶ죬˵Ҷ죬ȥɣûˣ⹷Ƣ
Ǻǣδǰɣ
ȻĻҶЦЦν˵ǿʲôɣҪȥǱ˵һ£
СǲǱɵˣ
Ҷ˻һڳļʱð˸ʺţž鷳ģǺãҸƫƧĵط˵
ҡңҺûᡱ
˸еȵǣιӶľȻȥҶ۾˰Ȼ˵ûôһ仰ûеĵұ鷳
ǻȥ̸̸ɣδ϶ᡭҶЦǰһ־סν䡣
ң磬Ұ
ڱҶסν鲻Խڻ԰ǹһĻȽЩˣһסߵΰоȻ˿ǻ
Ǹݰ
ȻνΪǲмǰһҶνм䣬˵СֵܣҪǽһ˵
Ҷ쿴һϺȻ¶Цݣ˵ðɣδҲɣҪ𣿡
ϼˣһסҶ죬Ҷ죬ȥл˵ˡ
ϴûµģδǽˣ粻˵˱ȽϺáҶЦϵļ򣬾ȻͷԱߵСȥ
аҶ졭
ҪȥԱߵͻȻһһҵؼס˫ۣȻСһʱȴҲ
ģӺƴˡ
鼱֮£˫͵˦ߵˣŵǰĶˣ֪Լ岻ȥתͷѧУȥ


107 п
ھҶʮ״һžͷյѾͣһˣ˭ûעŵˣղŷһĻ뵽۵ס
Ȼ˵Ļ϶һΪǱˣڻ԰ӣŮʿıڡ
ԸҶĵ׺ͰҶڴѧĵεθˣͨĴѧûʲôͬ
ֻǵĽ⣬ֻˣ뿴Ҷʲôڳ˵ı֡
Ϻ³ɣǺӳԿˡ
Ҷ߽Ӻ󣬻̲סˣϵīһժҪš
ӣ𼱣û֣ǸҶ̫𣿡
һס˻ӣ˵ⳡ滻㣬ô
Ļ󣬻۾һɣû˵ôϻֱһȭһŵ¡
߾û˵룬ҶѧЩʲôӦ
ֱˣͻӴô꣬ûӽģͨȭͷͱ˽
ҪܿϴѧͲˡ
һ䣬˵Ҫ壬֤תͷܣ˵㡭˵ҶķӦܲ
˵˹ôԴһ˶úúǰĵҶôһѧĪǻûԼ
û
˸ָ˵ˣҶڼץסνĶɲһģҿСӾǰԻˮء
ǰǡǾ͵ȵȰɣСز¶Ҿͳȥ̽̽ĵס
Ļ󣬻ӵ˵ͷһ˫۾ضסҶǽȥڡ
뵽Сʮ״Ҷվס˽ţպиսǣȫΡ
˵Źѧ£ҶͬҲ°ҪǱѧУ֪ܣһ־ܲġ
δ磬ֻûŮѣôԹɣ
ЩӵȻһ㣬ɱǿ϶еģǽѵƤҩһԼҶ컹ǾԵ·ˣ˵˵
Сӣٳ飬İɣ
Ҷ쵭ݣν֪Ϊʲôͳа𣬲˵ʱ廹˼ɲʬɽѪĳˡ
δ磬˵ʲôûҶҡҡͷһһöһԪӲҳֱϣµİ
Ͷˡ
νЦһΰ˵磬úýѵСӣֻܴ򣬳Ҹ𡭡
νҲȫǸݰҶĵϸ֪Ҷ첻ںȻֶھǲûʲôϵǴһȣǮҲܽˡ
¶ֵġ
ҡҡͷĿתҶ죬˵СֵܣЩǲǵģãһΰɡ
ӵʱҶǰģν߰׵ľ룬ʱһ䣬ҶȥҶ컹׵ʱֵȭͷͻ

ո̧ȭʱһͻȻڶ𣬽ž͸оȥһʹ嶼ȥ
顱һĺصײСǽϣұ۶鲻ԽضţǽǰνҲ֪ʲô顣
⡭⡭
ǿžҵʹ̧һ˶סˣֱϣһöһԪӲң֮һ档
Ҷ⻹ˣӲҵʱûйԪڣͲֻȥ֮һˣֱӾָܽϵ
СֵܣԭǸְĳ̼С
ڶݵľ֮عҲǸӣĴָʳָסӲңƺһӲؽӲҸ˳
׼ϵʱ紦һɾ޴ظǽϣ̧ۿȥȴҶ첻֪ʲôʱ۵ߣһֻϡ
ȻҶ㰫һͷȴʮֵĴ׳ʵӼ򼸺һСҲǶʯӳģʵ湦
Ҫƽʱ߰˸Ҳܽס˿Ҷһֻ֣Ͱ飬жʱ󺧡
Ϻ֪ӵģҶǺϵѣֵûпɽ˼ҲˮˣǳˣҲ˲ʣƸյĻҪգڣʹƹɺã
ʱ򣬶ͻȻҶһ˶ʱסˣ˵壬ط
Ҷⷬýп˵ģϺǽ˵ĳƺǱڵ˼ϵѣҶԼݣҲǴҶǽˡ
ڿɽĻҶ̬ȣҲ̵ģ治ˮˣָܰװױ˸۸ˡ
Ǽ仰˼֣ҲˣҪڶεǮ֮ˣԺ˭Ҳ˭鷳
ССֵܣҡǽϵѰӻˣְɣ¶ˣͷֵھ
ҶһпںͷƤһ飬ͷ˵ⷬˣԲһˣҲֻ߰˷֡
ĩǰܳһʱǽˣ֮䣬ŰҲǺڻпڡ
Ҫ֪ⲻܽģԼĹغȦӣ֮ǰҪ˰ʦʦ㰵Ȧӡ
źܽ˵ˣЩͺڻĳЩﶼõϡ
Ҳ֪ʹִҲǴڵģֻǰЩڶ˸ֹ˾˵ұ˾׷ݶܿӰӡ
ϵĹҲǶģԷȻûпɽ̵˼ԼӦúþдţߵʱ̲׼š
Ȼǲ˽ģûԷóȻ֣Ȿǻ˹صģܹ
ĻҶ֪¶˽ˣЦЦ˵ھˣղֵûſҲֵܵĲԣ˵ˣֵֻǸѧҲϣô顭
ѧ
һЦݵҶ죬վԼǰЦôõкɲǸѧ
ҶղڵĺڻڶߣĻΪԼþˣǰλǸѧͬʱҲǸˡ
뵽Щϵʹʱȫһӿ־ˡ
Ҫʲôļ壬̳ܽһﰡȥˣ֪ڶԷǰԼƨǡ
磬⡭ôһ°
վһԵνǻعˣôԼҶ챻һľûг֣λһأ
磬Сӣһپƾû£
ɫѾҲûƹ⣬νûп˵£ϸղЩڻҲϡͿĻΪҶҪǰھء
Ĳأǰɣ
һǻ߿޴йνĻ󣬷һƾ˦˹ȥȥ׼ʮǮһҪСӵ


108 ʶ
Ȼõ֣һ˦ȥ֮󣬻ǴιӿڱǳѪһˤ˵ϣԴˡ죬ȫһƸɵˣȻʹˡ
ûдˤڵصιӣعͷҶЦҶֵܣͷʮǮ͵Ǹֵˡ
ȻҶ˵˲ҪھƵǸĻܵ氡ʮǮ͵ģ˵޲׼ҲͲ
ãǮţҲǲʶ
Ҷҡҡͷ֪ЩϵˣǴϵĻɫҪǴӦǮָʲô鷳ҵͷء
ֻҶǿæ˵ǲɣҪȥ˻ָļ
磬㡭ôҰǰ˭ѽ
˵ĶԷһƵιڻعˣŻѪıӣߵؿʼգû׵׷ʲô¡
νĻЦһɭɭ˵ιӣûǰ͸ϰɣôһЩǲģлĻİǮ׼á
뷨Ҷļ϶ֺڰͨԵıνֻӵܣ̫ˡ
ǡǲˣ
νֻǱ軵ˣƢЩᣬ˲ɵĻԾؿҶ졣
ҶϵЦݣνʱˣԼΪӣȻǸ壬뵽ҶֶΣʱġ
ιһǰ˵ģҶôѧϴȴתվһʱ֪Ǻˡ
Ҷ죬Ҷ죬Ķأ
ιޱȾʱڴһϵĺͬʱһƹ谵˽
磬¶ôɣҲû£ͺˡ
ϴѰ˹Ҷѹ˵һ֮󣬴ϴû£ͳˡ
ֵסĵƹ⣬Ҷ߳ӣһڿǰһ֮⣬źضˣ⻹ʮѧУı
ڼ͹ӺǸСӣǺվһߣɫӵؿŴ߳Ҷ죬סҶϴš
Ҷ˳۾ˣҶﻹţҶ죬㡭û°ɣ
ϵ뷨Ҷӽȥʹûȱ첲ٸȵģ϶ҲõسҶڿ϶ǼӲء
ϴﲻ
һʼҶ컹˼ƿϣ˭֪֮󣬾Ȼ·ȥˣæһѽƿˣû˵˵ûˣǳһ
û£
ϿҶ·˼֣˿˵ҿ磬Ҷ죬ۺûꡭ
ϴһȱļʱûҶⶾ֣Լ˶࣬˵ʲôҲҪѸղСӸʰˡ
ϴĦȭƵʱ򣬴߳һװеǻʦˣҶʵҶͬѧǰɣղλͬѧƱ˵㱻Уʿٳ֣ʡû飿
Ի԰˵£ǾԻѧУʦֻҪҶͷǾͻǸСӣ˸ġ
ٳ֣ûе°Ŷͬѧˣλʦû¡
˵ĻҶæҡͷϣʲôЦԼȻڳ˽أٱٵĻûġ
ǡô£
Ǹʦģ׷ʵʱ򣬺ȻҶðӰ
Ҷͷһ˵ʦǶѧУģղ泳һܾʹˣ񲻹ǵ°ɣ
ԭǶλǱҶӰסˣҶĻ󣬼ֵͲͬʱ˹ȥһ֮£˶סˡ
νͲ˵ˣ׵㳦Ƶģ۽ҲѿˣѪϵİ׳Ⱦöɫŷͷҵһ㣬ǷģֱǲҲ̶á
Ȼû£ҲȴǱһֽסˣ·Ͱ͵մ˻ҳվһεӡ
ҶһˬٶԱ˵ģڵ˵ʮа˾ŶҶĻˣøһҲ˵ء
Ⱥ΢һĵطغȻŵ˸ȣֵʵţЦʲôҶ챻˶Уţһ㶼ģ
˵ҪԼѣҪҪȥοˣûûεĻһ͵Цأ
һЦ˵ҶСʵһ˲۸ġ
ʵһС˵˾ǱءضŵĻ֮Աǡ
ϵ֪ҶʲôԻҩϴҶȥʱ򣬾ȻƿүүʱصĹƸóȵˣоȴһֱδܵóС㣬оǲޡ
أ˵
صеΧ˶Լæһѣ˳Ⱥ
Ҫ˵Щˣܳ˼֮⣬Ҳô£Сѧһ꼶ʱҶ͸Ҵ꼶һͷҪѧžûܳԹ
ҶҲ֪õʲô취Щñ׵ĸ꼶ͬѧ޲һҧԸСˤģǰʮֵƣԸղŲ鲻ԽЦ
ҶֵܣϸҾˣھ
ô˶ţǲϰߣǰҶ˵һ֮󣬶Ⱥ֣ͬҲûٴɵվνֱȺ⳵뿪ˡ
ޣʲôⰡӴ
֮νݺݵĶԶȥĳ⳵ƨ˿ڿˮûȴϵˣʱסˡ
͹ŸղŰҶ˵˼ûҶӦòΪԼǰһסνʵζ⵽ô°
߰ɣȥ˵
ιβˣˣЩηؿһҶ죬ѧУ˵ŻæкСһ̵Ŀܵˡ
⵽ô°
̶̵ļʱ䣬˳Ҷ֮⣬ܵһʣλʦҲЩץϹˣûؿһҶ죬˵ˣɢ˰ɣҶͬѧһѧԺҪЩУʲô֪֪
֪ˣллʦĹġ
ҶһֿλʦһԭҶд¼ʦҲû˼£ʮ˻԰
⡭⵽ô°
Χ۵Ⱥһɢȥص˳ĻӺͺһۣԺͬʱð˺λʦͬʡ
ʲô뵽ˣû뵽Ҷ첻سˣǶλԼˡ
Ĭ˺һ֮󣬻ӳɵ˵˵ϺѵѵҶĻ˵ʲô
Ҳ첻ɣõļֱаˡ
Ҳһͷˮһַ֮˳ӣ˵ߣǸνСȥʡ


109 ޱ
һһеȥӰһǼǲסڵġ
¾ˣڵӰԺĺţźҶһֱ˽ӰˣȻ֪ǸаʵΪӮô
Ҷ죬Ժ׼ٺ˴˰ҪȻҲˡ
źҶߵĸоҶС֣ҲԷ´βҪٴˣŮǲ̫ϲɱɱ顣
˵ܣʲô°
оһҶæ˵Ӵұ֤´鷳Դ򲻻ڡ
УҶ죬˵غϴܳؿѧ㰡
ŮǱȽϰԵģǰ漸ŵغϣźܿתԼע
ʲôѧ㣬ϴ󻹱ء
ҶƲƲ죬˵Ҹ㣬ϴîˮǸľ׻˵ˮŮľľˮ޺ԵƱɣ˵ǽ黹ء
ƤôԽԽ񰡣˭Ҫˣ
дߣ̲סҶѧУԱߵĵӰԺĹڴ඼ѧÿλ϶һĻ
ҶС˵Ļʱ򣬺ͻҲֱѰν飬Ū˸װס
Ҷ죬éɽ³󣬸ҶƽװһϵΪʦѧ꣬ʱӣʮʱسǣֺͨѧ죬ʮ꿼ȡѧóŵʹøпںڻƾͨڼҹ򣬿ӲˣԸȴϵ޷ۡ
ϵֽӣ¶һ˿죬תͷʵ壬һʮ˾ĺӣôô߰Ķ
С㣬⻹ֻҶչ¶ģ˭֪Ŷٶ
ԿЦһõݱһͲûԸȥ԰֤ʵˡ
Ź򣬵Ÿڼȭ尵̫࣬ȴԽڼȭˣȴ֪ڼҹ֮
Ҫִ֪ᾫͨڼȭ˲٣óӵҲûУӲ˵ģ廹û˼ʹŵǰҲǺóŵĸ֡
鵽Խ࣬ҶֵԽԭ峺һˣȴô͸ˣϽ֪Ҷ쾿Ǹʲôˡ
С㣬⺢ɾǼа֮ˣҪȥ̸һ̸
ȻӸռ˲ҶϣЩϵģ廹ԼԽӴһҶ죬һЩ˽⡣
һ俲˺ܶೣ˶ûо飬Ȼռ棬˼׼ҶԲ
壬ȱˡ
Ļӣͷ˼һᣬ˵ô˵ǽĶӣҾҪ֪ҲֻȨӦô
ǣ
ûʲôǵģȽϸӣҲ˵常ǶǴҶӣ⺢ûзκεĹ롭Ӧûܵġ
廹˵ӣ˰֣˵壬֪Ƣڸյģڼѹȥ֪ҵĶӣȴĻ½ʲôľٶ
ӣɲѶϵӣҲڽӴʲƽɹҺ󣬻ƿһЩĵʲ˾֮ӣֽ¥ȥ
С㡭ԸǸŮ˹ϵӶ񻯰ɡ
죬û˵ʲôҲ֪μСƢһĳ飬ʹٴὫɵġ
㣬ӣ
ͨ˴˰ĳ;绰ӣ滺һ˵Ҳ֣ͥӣصľǽ㣬ͬµˣҲǽ㡣
ӣǱӦ˰ɣô绰𣿡
绰һ˴Ůʮֵöӣ͸һƣ
ܶ˶֪ھʮڵʱμҽǸɵйĲƸ׸˹ңΪһ˥Ĵ壬μҵĵ̣Զǳ˿ġ
ʮڣκڹڴӴҵ۹ʱһԶŮֱۺŷ汲ͬڵһҵ񻰡
ʮĹӣĴͳɹڸ۵УƹܵĲƸ֮ʮǰʲѾй֮޲
ΪμҵĺĳԱӣ֪ƿصĲƸҪԶҵ۹ĻĽÿ𻪶ֹеĶ
ŵľ޴Ƹ˿ʼʽõļʿеһִ֮⣬Ķǽޱһֵġ
յκľϣĲƸһڼĹɷݣʣµĴ󲿷ȫǸС
Ҳǰʱӣûи֪ҶϢҪԭΪԽ˽⣬ޱ֪ӵϢԻὫӴƸҶ̳еġ
绰þûдޱоЩ֣ʵӣʲô鰡һỹҪȥء
ӣ˽һޱͬҲ˽õԸƽʱ绰ߴߴ˵ͣôôأ
㣬ҡҵҶˣιι㣬𼤶
ӣһ£˵˳ճڣ绰һ˳žһʲô˵ϡ
Ƕ𣿡
֮󣬵绰Ŵޱֵֿ̿һ仰˳
㣬ǸӶܺá
ӣ֪ʵĲһˣҲ֪Ǹ֮ʱʮ꣬Ȼһõ֤
ӣ֪ˣлл㡭
绰ﴫָΪ˽ӣоЩ죬æŻͲ㣬û°ɣǧ嶯
û£ӣҪȥǸӣҲ߰ڵκˣһᴦġ
㣬׼ôιι
ĻӣҪ׷ʵʱȴֶԷѾҶ˵绰
ĺ̲һһȥֻʮ˵ŮˣŴı̺졣
ӲϸܷŮ۽ϸϸƣҲ˵ഺ١
ŮԱߵϣ˴ССʮ
ӣʱĻһһΪЩˣȻеҶ죬վڴǰŮˣҶĸޱ
Ϊʲô֪𣿡
ޱįЦЦĿתϵľ֪飬ҪԶýĶöˡ
ޱݱյҵ۹ܶõԶ˵֮ǰѾ֪Ҷ츸ӵ
ֻޱö鵭Įթ̳֮Уһĸ׶ԣûʲôȶӽָҪˡ
ȣһ¡
ޱڴǰվһ֮󣬰ϵĵ绰ӹ󣬷žͱƿһʮİŮ˽
ˣʲô£վޱǰȵ̬ʮֵĹ
ڼƻ֮ǰѹڵ˶Ҫ͸¶κϢס䲻ܱҶ֪
ޱЩƣüģӵ鱻֪Ⲣļƻ֮ڣЩҲʵĵˡ


110 г
뵽ʮ·֮󣬱ӭ˾ĵһѩĺ䣬׷Ĵѩ֮󣬻ѩǸǴ˺ܶȤ
Сæڽͷѩ˴ѩ̣ʱʱܿгˣһֻЦľųǶֳһƬװľۡ
һǺܿĽֵϣĻѩɨøɸɾߵϵıӶ
ֵ԰˸ָľɻ̯ӣһ̯Ƕͨ죬ŸܰסñӣִŹ˿͡
ھʮڵʱȫĹг϶ɻгֵڸֻ֣ϵܱ֮Ϊ棬Ժܶ˵ٵʱҲϲ֮Ϊ
Ҳˣǵϵɢ̯̯Ӻĵ̣һɫĶЩǮЩ͹ӵͭһۿȥǾɶ
ֻ̯ӣǺ٣ʵʰڳ¹滭ٻһʪ˶ɲֵǮĻˡ
˵֪ǲǱĴѩģֵϵǲ٣йž´۾ͷҲдʱеĹСǴŸԲͬĿš
ѧУûΣźҶԼУ԰ɢģ֪ˣҪŵݣҶһĥɴʹ˼԰ˡ
ȥʱҶ;߶ǵ˼԰귢չúܿ죬ѾΪȫĹɻгˣҾԵö
ϵĲǣҶû⽲˵Ҳϵѧϰ˲ٹ֪ʶ˵ŪֵǮء
һ˷ܵȺȥŸϣֻҪСһͷ֤һĴá
أ㣬̺ĵطǿɡ
˻ûһСʱѾڵĿɢˣûŮ˹֣Ȼôķһ¡
ϴ⼸µŬҲû׷ѣȻ˻ûȷϵʱҲ͵͵ССˡ
Ҷ죬ô֪ôطĶ治١
ظջ˰ʮǮһװ˳µô׵˫ֵɱһǰ
ȻռǿЩͯĶ̲ס
صĻҶ콫һ̺˻ȥЦ˵ҰģȻû˵
СֵܣѧԨԴ
λ̯ͦģҲܻ£ĸ˽λ˵Ūˣ˼԰Ŷſʼγгɵᣬûб˼԰ĵأ
ŶſʼİֲҲ֪ء
ǵصϱĶǴդһĵطҪҶţ治֪
٣λС㣬Ͳ֪ˣûͽ˼԰ţǰǹУչڵĹɻгģλҪҪ̺ȥ棿
Ҷ˽˼԰ʷǸһŲʵı̺ûǬ¡õģȥһ֣֤
ģ̺Ư
˵Żȥӣ䲻Ҷסˣ磬ŵϾͳɣԸſ
ǺǣСֵλмңɲǣãҷŵϣۡ
ҶĻǰ̯ЦЩΣȻûɵ˼˸ָ˲صĵطЩѿ
ⶫƯϰ壬Ǯ
ŮǶЩƿƿ޹޵Ķϲ̯λϵı̺ȷʵò黭̡Ƕĥȼһؾ᲻÷ˡ
ǧǬ¡үùĶȥ϶ɡ
صĻǸЦ۾гһ죬ſھǧǮ˳Ż˸֪λרҼǬ¡õš
ǧسһ£Ǭ¡𣿡
С㲢ûоǧǮܹ󣬵̯˵һĻɣҲ֪ϰһӵĹŶаٷ֮ʮǼٵġ
٣ȻǬ¡үģ̥ͭŵļգڵĹ͢촦գ컹ûţǧǮֻոǮѡ
ػ̯˾ˣָı̺˵ǹȥİɫͿĨɣͲû˵Ǭ¡үŻʮˡ
еò׼ʵǡһȥҪǷǼٵģܻ𣿡
⡭̯û뵽ػʳôһ⻰һʱ䵹ǲ֪λشˡ
ãʦ㣬߶Ъɡ
ҶԱʵȥˣֱһɵ㰡ڹгĶȻû
˵ûȥ˼ˣ߸Ǯת˵ⶫ̯ģһ׼û˳ˡ
СֵܣǶеģۡʵûǹذ
ҶĻ̯ЦȻ˺úƣʱ򲻶صҲ鷳ġ
ģһ׼˿ͣЩеˣ̯òҶ죬İӻˡ
ԣŪǽȻûû˵ġҶ˵ͷ̯ĻϿɡ
ҶĻ̯ϲЦտڴһģ˵ûҾ˵СֵˡϣҲˣѣһߣҸҸӰӣٶֵʮǮ
̯һ˵ŻһߴƨѰһ񲼰סĺǱ̺װҶǿЦá
𣬱鰡磬ҪǬ¡ı̺Ҳˣ
Ҷҿһۣѹ˵ɶʱӱɽҤӵĶ͢촦ˣ
ҶƽǸеģȻҶӴĲ࣬ԴϺʹһЩĽص㣬ӵһۿ̺Ҷ֪ˡ
⡭⡭ãˣλߺðɡ
ҶĻǸˣղһƤӶˣ˶ѽĵص˵ˣǳ׻ˡ
㡭ⲻƭ𣿡زӦˣҶĻȥ֪ᱻϰôء
˵İһû򣬶Ըô˵ƭ˰
صĻ̯ӦˣղǸڼҴģʱɷһ㣬ز˵ߵļơ
ɻһ֣ǡƭ֣˵٣˵ƭˣ⻰еζˡ
ôء
ղŵһĻҶǿЦѣæźʹ˸ɫǰظߣл˵һǽв˵˾ͽжˡ
ҶǰԲʱԱһ̯λ˿˵ӣˣСﲻУʲô氡˵λ߰ɡ


111 
ҶŰ˵˵˵ͷӶͳʮǮ˵ллˣʮˣ֪λ
׻˵й棬ǸеҪѭҵĹء
о棬ԲҲּۻۣǾԲ˵ƭԱ©ľǸ˵ƭǾˡ
Ҷ֮ҪǸ̺ҲԲ棬˶Ŵ̹ǺСףټԵһӻǾ߯ˡ
СֵܣмңллˣʮǮ̺úáҪģ̯ĽӹǮѱ̺ŵ˺
νĹŶ⣬ʵľִƷҶƽļÿߵĻ϶ЩĹŶ׳ȥȴǼٵġ
̺Ľ۲ǰ˿ǮһĿ֧ܾ׬ʮ̯ѾǷǳˣϾÿ춼ɵģһؾͲˡ
ͷʽ˵ĹҲǧ˰ٵģ̯ÿ׬߰ʮǮ㹻һСԺˣ˻ܴԩͷһ˵׼׬µǮ
̯ˣöŶģҲһЩ¸ְż˵˵ǳǳĵСµĹˡ
Ҷ죬֪Ǽٵˣ㻹ʮǮ򰡣
Ҷ콫Ǳ̺һĲ⣬ҲɵⶫִˮģֵһʮǮ
ҶҲúؽͣװű̺ĺһ˵ãģˣղſǱǺ«ģ򼸴ɡ
Ǻ«ˣСӣ㿴𣿡
ȻӽҪǺ«أҶĻϼȺҲҶ˿治֪ϴôͿһСˡ
ȵ뿪Ҷż¹ʱһֱ첲С˵Ҷ죬㡭㻹û͹Ҷء
Ҷ콫Ǳ̺͸ԼĺýãҲ˵Ǽʣе㵭ʧ䣬ϾСʱԼʮ֮⣬Ҷû͹Լ
ŤͷһۣҶЦ˵ţǶֵǮͷŪö㡭
ҶĻлϲȴ˵ҲҪֵǮģֻҪ͵ľС
Ҷ˹Ǳ紵ЩıӣյС˵ǸɣʮǮĶҿͲ֡
Ҷ쵹û˵ѣ͵һһֱûп۵ģԼļȫǰѼ̫ʺŮӴ
˼԰ҶҲǴ˼ģҲĻ׼Լ¸ŵҼ
˼԰̯λˣҶվһطо䣬˵ߣȥĵط
С磬⿴ɣҪ𣿡
Ҷ뿪ʱ򣬸ղųԸؽΧǸ壬ͻȻס˶ˡ
Ŷ壬̯Ӱ˵ĻҶǰվ˵̯λǰ
ʮ壬Ҷ컹ǺкøеģһղǰԼˣҶϴһ£˵غǸʵˡ
壬ЩеӰЩ
̯ϰڷŵĶЩң̯ӵһǶ˸ͭǮмһЩܻͭɢŲ̵
ҶܿóЩӦöǴһЩ˼ģԱֱ̯ӽķƷ˵˼԰Ѱֻд̯Եĵ
ҪĵģղҶ̺СҶĻ󣬴չ˵СֵܣмңĶɶǻʵģϸиǵղؼңٿǮһת־˰ǧء
Ŷǿˣͭļ۸һֱǰ
ҽάС纰ˣУЩûĥȥˡ˵ǸҲǰЩȥɽǱ߰͵ģûʲôǮ
ҶĻάЦָ̯˵㶫еǼﴫģеյģСֵܣǼͭģҪȤԿ
Ҷϸһͭ˿һᣬЩź˵壬ǲ⼸ͭڵģҲģ˰ɡ
ҶƽЩ϶ģҶһѧҲû·䵹ڳȥ˲ûʲôá
ЩֻķƷתȥҲ׬һǧǮ©㲻ϵģΪҪǣҶҲЯⶫ
ҶĻάҲûǿָǰ˵ǾˣС磬ȥǰǿǱĶ࣬Ҹġ
õġ
Ҷ콫еͭ˻ȥվʱ۾ͻȻһСɨֶ˻ȥ
ҶǶһᣬóֻĴָ״Сʵ壬ЩǴİ
ͷСֱʮФе򡢹մһҶղõͭĺ棬ԲĻͿ⼸
Ȼ⼸Ǻܴ󣬻մ
Ҷʹһ֮󣬷⼸СȻϺõ֬ģ񹤼侫տ滹һЩͰɫ
⼸
άҶϰ˹ȥҿһۣѹ˵ЩȥһҵģҲûʣˣСֵҪҪͱ˵ȥɡ
άôһ˵Ҷʱˣû⼸ȻǳģһһʮФе
ĻάǸˣɵľǡĹרŷ˲Ƶġ
壬⼸Ǯ
ҶЩûʲôɻ䣬⼸ȷĲҶûȥһ£ؼҵʱ͸ϰҲеġ
һǮһάһָͷ
ҶǸ̺˿˵Сֵܣļ۸ܹģҪһֱڼЩ϶ֵġ
ӣ˵Щֲַġ
άǳһ䣬Ҷ˵ãСֵܣоͰʮǮһⶫʱҲˡ
Ҷ˰֣˵壬һٸɣҪˡ
Ҷ֪άĿѾǺʵϵˣⶫ΢һ֮󣬰ڷϰֵĵûһǧǮıߡ
ҲܿóǸ̺̯û˵Ϲάüϸխ̣ü࣬ؼ˳Դ
ǾллСֵˡ
άȷʵҪǮҲû飬ӹҶݹٿǮ󣬰ѶװһｻҶ졣
ˣ壬ﻹй𣿡
Ҷʵ˼԰ĿģҿõĹȻ⼸ȴ⡣


112 
һĹ񣬳˴֮⣬඼ǴĹʯ
ĹᣬǽˮʯˣλܵͣѡĹѨȻǷˮأĹﱻǧ֮ڲṹܴᷢı仯
˰վŹԵλãʯƷ֮ͨĵطЩ֮󣬾ܴﵽļ΢һ¾ͿԴˡ
ֻǼټģʹʯﲻ̶ֳȣҶΪҲԶɹļʴĶࡣ
Ҷ˼԰ŪһʺŮĹʹ󷨻Ѱ֮ؽƳɷŻõġ
ȻַˮĹڳĹҪˣʯںɷֻ֮ʵ䷴
ϵֹϼĶȽ٣Ҷ˼԰תһ磬ֻƷ඼ϳ˵Ĺ
С磬񣿡
ҶĻάûŻش𣬶һ֮˵ǻһ˵Ǹӣźϲһֱˡ
Ǳİ֮Ҷæ˵Ǿˣ壬ȻϲģǲҪˣҽҶ죬ԺѰʲôžˣû¾ͻתתġ
˵С硭
ҶҪߣάһסҶ죬˵С磬Ƕǲ۸Ҫһģǰм˶ˣΪ۵ûġ
άĻҶ쵹˼Ȥʵ壬ҪǮأ
άҧҧ˵򡭡
򣿡
Ҷ챻ĻһҪ֪ͷʯŴǧ˵ĻҲǧǮһƽߣһǮһܳƵϵľƷġ
һֶ
˵ʵάҶǷӣ̫ϣϾҶ쿴ȥҲǸѧʹҾԣЩǮҲס
򡭡壬ȿ𣿡
άһҧ˼۸Ҷ쵹ĺˣӸղŶԷǼ񽵼۾ܿάҪ۵ˣֵôǮء
άû뵽ҶôҪһ֮˵СֵܣԣôǮ𣿡
˵ѾٿǮˣ⻹һѪҺ͸ģҶ촿ĳں뿴άԸ̯׬㡣
壬İɣûǮҰǮеģǮתĹġ
ҶϻûǮˣ׬ѾȥˣԼǧǮҶʵʵĻ߰ǧĶԽȥˡ
⼸µתҶƽ˼֮ҲָЩԪҶҪǿڵĻǮⲻ
⡭ðɣʰһ´ȥ￴
ȻҶĻôţάǾǻȥһ⺢˵滰Ǯ͹άִʱˡ
û٣ʰһӣάӱϺ󣬶Ҷ˵߰ɣҵֳء
壬ȵȣ֪ͨѡ
ҶȻǻйأæ˵ش绰˵£ͷϴԼѧУ
֮ԲظţʵҶƢˣʲôϲ˵ʲô˶ܱˡ
ҶһŮȻӰͳ˸ֻά۾ʱҶĻ˼ġ
Ҫ֪ͷЩϰǣûõֻģôһСҪüͨ˼ҲԲҲҪ׬Ϻüġ
壬סĶ
ά˼԰Ҷ쿴ӼĴĵطƳֳЩɵۣ죬Ѳžֳȥ
Ӵӣǰˡ
ҶĻάһԴ˵ãҰѳӷŻȥȥɣҼסھɽǱء
壬ȳԵ㶫ɣⶼˣǱݣԵ𣿡
ȵάٳʱҶ쿴˿ѾһˣҲҪһСʱµʱĲˡ
ҴųԵءά˾ıº
ƺҶ첻ţάӸšһ£ǳ˿˼ͷʲôºûãѶӲˡ
壬ˣģǳԿȺȥ
ǰʵˣҶЩ̣Ҳ֪Ϊʲôڼ˵ĵһۣǿСɽЩʵһ㣬͸Ź׽
ӲקĽάԶݣҶҪһ棬ԼάҪ˷ݰģϰһţ⣬淹꣬ƾˡ
ϰ壬һӡ
һڵ¶ǣƺҲûôˣҶ캰ϰ壬ָһӡ
άΪҶǸǽеģæ˵СҶԱˣĳԱˡ
һٷάҲ֪ҶŵˣԭСĳƺҲҶļ»СҶ
Ҷ˰֣˵壬ǸеģؼȾܳԣҲĶˡ
Ҷϵϴȥٵط֪˺ദһƽأȥ˼ЩƷʲôģˮ׽
СҶǡллˡ
Ҷֿûһ˿ӣάصص˵ͷֻŤȥ۾ѾˮʮĺԴǰ¸֮󣬻ǵһα˵ء
׻˵ÿά˵мǷģҲû˵ʲôʰöҶ˷ꡣ
˷֮άҲѵõĴһΣûдҶȥǽ˸ʿ³ʱ򣬻ҶŰǮˡ
壬סĺԺ
ھɽ˳Ҷ췢ǰһƬĺԺһȺţʱиѩŷɹ
ƬĺԺҶǰȥǸǼҵլͬ峯ʱǣһЩ˼Ҿסġ
ȻͬĺԺƬ඼СĺԺҴӽ滮϶ԣҲǱȽɢҵģЩûʯ壬䶳زȥһ̯ˮ
СҶСڣ·ϵػСĵ㡭
άкһһȥһЩ˼ҵĴʱͣĺ˴кﶼס˼ʮϽַ֮䶼Ϥ
ˣɣطСе㼷
Ҷ˽һСԺӣάļһʲŵ˿һԱߣڵ϶·մĻѩ
Ҷ￴һۣԺӻǲмˮشҲһʮƽ
Ǵѩĵһ죬Ժ·ƵĹҵĵǣٵطúΧƵķݣĺԺСһ㡣


113 ɲ
磬ôô簡˿ѽɩӸղֿˣȥɡ
ԺĶһˣһʮƿӣάкһ
ӣлл
άһмĶкһ׻˵Զײڣⶼס˼ʮϽַƽʱûǰտ
֣˰
ͬʱάվŵķҲˣһʮСｫͷ̽˳
СĲߣŸǱ裬õǺһ˫۾ر鶯Ҷźְͷ˻ȥ
ҼѾͷ
ŮάЦݣ˽һ£˵СҶСڣɣ̫ˡ
ƿĲӣʱһĺԺȻûͨůǼҼҶ¯ӣܷĺãﵹů͵ĺܡ
žݣСĺԺݺСܹʮƽҴ󣬳мڷŵһŷſڵһϴܺ¯⣬Ҳûʣ¶ٵطˡ
ݵֱ䣬òסˣؾάӺŮˡ
ⲻķȴǳһŨŨҩζűߵ¯ϣһɳңҩǸСһ߿š
Ҷ磬Сڽ㣬Ƕǻĸ߲ҪѧϰԺҲϻѧ֪𣿡
ݺάͰŮ˹ǰվѧǶŮԴ̵úûᣬҲҳͨѧϲѵԼҵС
Ҷãڽá
µкˣȻضά˵֣İɣһúѧϰԺҲѧ
ǺǣСҶСڣ¡
ŮĻά¶οЦݣװˮȵıºݸŮ˵ӣȥȣͷ趼Ե㡭
˭˰˵谡
άݵӣҶسŮ˵ô仰Ѿ΢е㴭ˡ
÷ҵˣ롭뿴ӡά˵ʱЩµģϾǺϲֻġ
ɷĻǸŮ˵ˣǾȥ£˵ҲôˣǮˣҲⶫ
ǿɲУӲһһҶġ
άȻΪʵϣ˵õļ۸ȴʮֵĹִҶӵĻٽۻۣղǷ˵ĺܴ
˰ȥɡάӵ͸Ź
СҶǵȵȣҩζ˾ͳ
ά߽ݣЦŶ˵÷ҲСҶģǵһհ
÷աҶ
ȻŲάȴеĴҶĶһʱҶ˶סˡ
ˣø˿ɡǸҶУȴһ
ôܰôɵɣ
ƺƽҶ죬ѾԭΪҶСһùã־ͽҶ÷
Ҷ쾭Ӹ׿ùõ֣ҶƽС꣬СҶƽ鼫á
ʹҶƽĴ㲻ܵܺҶ÷ĸҶƽдţֻǵʱҶƽΪûиûţһȥҲͶϵ
̧ͷǰǽϣһϾҶҲ˲ʲôòòˣæվߵ¿
𣿡ҶָһźڰƬԸոհһˮϵʵ
ǣ裬ʱƬҡҡͷŲҶˮϣ˵磬㣬Ȳ衭
СãСãĻȫҶ˹ȥ
ƬŮòҶѾ԰ٷ֮ٵĶ϶ȷСˣҶ˵һ۾ֱܷس
Ա߿ȥһŰƴСı߻žݵĺڰƬӳ
Ƭм䣬ʮŮϣǵͺ棬ɸվŮһкҶһ۾˳Ǹ˾кĸס
ɲ鰡û뵽Сǹôࣿ
⼸һӣŸղšС÷ǽʡӣҶûɵͷһᣬ͸׶û뵽ԭԼ˼ѡ
һҶƬͻȻҶ۾ˣæʵҶ磬ô˰۾ɴˣѧҲ۾
ţס۾û£һͺá
ǰֶµġáҶһ˵ĸоСûֵܽãźܶͬѧȥôܣҶǻᶼĽĺܡ
СҶôˣǱҩζѬ˰ɣҩ˸ýȥ
άҲҶ΢˫ۣûȥ˵ӵζһţܶ˽ϰߵġ
ֵֻĶҶ쿴һۣҩζȻţܣôѬҶأϻ۵ĹѾҶķ
СҶ㿴ֻӡ
ȵݺάһ޲һֻͨѪ״ȥ
Ѫ
Ҷۿȥɳһ⾪ȵĳ̶ȣ˿ڸղŵ֪ԼСüû뵽Ȼִ˵еʯ
Ѫǳظԭһֺɫʯ˳֮Ϊй֮裬׳ƸԭѪΪɫ
ʯΪϡ٣ü˵Ƴʱ޸ɲӭȢĳɹʱͳȥһѪ
ڵѪ˹ģеǰŵѹҭ񵽵£ʮԺڳܵõѪ
һǰŵƤ£ѪҲܵõѪоĹﾭͭȿʴɫʹ֮ṹ仯Ѫ
漸ֺȻѪҪܶˣҶƽһѪ壬Ҷ֪ⶫ
Ҷ֮϶ֻȻѪĥɵģҲԭģΪֻܵһɼŨԪ
ﲻɷ֮Ҳ֮֮μδںһԲǺγɵӵеġ
СҶû뵽Ҳʶӡ
Ҷһں֣ά¶һϲɫһ£˵˿˵ֻӿǱѪɫģ˴ģԡԼ۸ѹúܵͣһֱûԸġ
˭˵˴ľͲ
ҶѿڶǶʲôȻγɵѪʱֹһΣʮˣá壬ⶫֵʮ򰡡
ʮʮ򣿡
άЩСҶ㡭ǿЦɣ
Ҫ֪ھᣬļֵǺܸߣһ鼫Ʒ֬ĵҲǼǧǮѣʮǮһֻӣάûŹ


114 Źֵ
壬ûƭǸ
Ҷʱϵı飬ֿһΣȫװģҶԹг˽⣬ƷͶսĽ죬ֻļֵԼαϵġ
ɡǣСҶ㡭㲻Ҫ𣿡
Ҷϵıά߰˷֣ͬʱҲԺ
̸ǹһᾡһëõľѹȥ۸
ά˿ĹˣǵһμҶʹ䶫õﲻɲ˼ֹŹֵĸо
ҵѹͼ۸񣬲ϰ֪˻ҵȡ
С÷򡱵ʻҶЦһ£ȴǲýͣѰ˼ңҶԻ᲻¶ɫǮ
ǿͲм©һ˵ˣκһ˶ѡҶģҶ֮ǰҲû뵽⻧˼ҾȻԨԴ
壬ⶫҪΪһѧҿɲܸĵ飬ӵ˵ġ
СҶллллЩ㡭Ǹ˰
Ҷ⻰˵Ȼάӯˣ꣬һЩɹƭˣû뵽Լһˡ
άûע⵽Ҷ˵Ƿʱһߵֱ飬ŲԼ¶Цݡ
Ҫ˵ҶĵǼթ֮ǳϵģ϶ͺմʲôߵġ
ȻҶ첻ڳȥɹƭ͵ǰƮƮļ仰ʹǺǮǾԸɲġ
壬ֲǹ混ӣռı˻Ĳġ
ҶĻʵ̲סˣͷû˿ϵĹŹֱ飬Ȼ֪ҶڣҶ˽⣬Ĳ»治ࡣ
СҶǸ˰
ά̲סֿ佱Ҷһ䣬ʶҶ컹ûСʱȻ֪ǰһϵĴкµĴְҵ
ʹ֪ˣֻҪҶԸʮӣάҲںġ
Ҫ֪ӻ֢ÿڶҪȥ͸һξҪٿǮƽʱҩԼӪãĸٶҪǧǮҡ
άôһ¸ڹ˶ԣĲСԼڵЩȥżõİģ֧Ųȥˡ
֢Чİ취άҲǹȥҽԺ˵ǼǣǽʮǮãȴͥġ
ȥʱһҶ÷ԴƥҲԸ׵ˣֻάȴò߰Լطãֻܽ
Ҷ˵ֵʮ򣬶ʱάϣʮǮԼȥѽһЩǾܸӻõ
ССҶǡӣ㡭㻹Ҫ𣿡
¹صӿǮά˵ЩˣҶΨһ϶ȻѪˣҪĻԼǰ׸һΪٺãȥҲ״
ά˵ʱҶָֻѪĦţͻȻһ£ʵ˵壬ҪҪˣҶĲá
ΪΪʲôάһ£ӺӵĲʲôϵ
Ҷһ£˵壬ǳĹõλòԣմһЩɷ֮˵ⲻ󣬵Ƕڲ˶ԣͻӰ쵽彡ˡ
ֻѪڵɷ֮֮棬˵ĹᣬһˮѨֻڷŵķλԣͬʱҲմȾЩɷ֮
ʵ뻯ڵɷ֮Ҳף취Ҳܶ࣬Ҷ󷨽ɷ֮ȥ֮⣬һ򵥵İ취
ǾҸŮӴ£ܽЩɷ֮յһӰ֮˵ĽǶԽ˻ĸŮԣӾǻֻˡ
СҶ㡭˵ЩҲ˼˵Ҷⶫ岻𣿡
ҶĻάƶǶȴǴһ˿裬ҶղŻӺã˵Բ岻ãĪֵѹͼ۸
뵽άҲ⣬Ҷԭѹͼ۸ĻԼǲòģΪӿϣȫֻССˡ
Ҷûάɫı仯˵ͷ˵Ӹû£Ҷǿ϶ܴⶫˡ
ҶҲǽ˸öȻСϲģԼ߾ͲˣԾͽı׶˸˵˳
ȴû뵽ֻպĹάģֻܻǮȥβ
Ҷ˵ӣάһʱסˣҲƽʱԴ˲ŴŵģСһˣǮˮﶪ
άЩ׼Ҷ˼ˣɴ˵СҶ˵ʵɣҶĲأʵǿ츺ˣǮҶ˵ɣ
壬ҶҪǮ
Ҷһ㶣ʱת˹Լôֻӵ⣬ȴû뵽ǮͥҪˣ
ҶǮ߰˰˵ĴҪʮ򡭡ά
ֻѧ˵Щﰡ
ͻȻݵӱһλɫ԰׵Ů˳ҶţЦ˵ǼģֵôǮ
÷ôˣ죬ȥúϢ컹Ҫȥ͸ء
ӳˣάҲ˲úҶ̸ˣæ˰ӣ滹˸ӣСĵ
С÷Ǹˡ
һĻҶﰵ˵ͷ׻˵òТӣ޼ģʵǺ˸ж
ݵСùãҶЩɬվ˵壬Ҫͼ£Ȼ𣿡
Ҷ춵һͼٿǮʹеģҲʮһͷǮȷʵЩͷۡ
УУСҶһģҪҴ̸ɡ
ҶĻάͷ;ҶȻͦȣܹǸѧ˵ʮˣǺ̸ǮҲе㲻׵ġ
֪СûǮҶάҪżˣʹ˸ɫ˵壬ôõģȳȥ绰
Ҫɣͦġ
ҲҶı֣Ц˵ˣ壬źŲá
ǺðɣǳȥάҲ֪ǱЩ½Ҷͳš
Ҷ죬ô°ǲʶǣ
ߵСĺԺԺź̲סˣĴϻۣӸղҶıУҲ˵ߡ
ŵĻҶؿһСסţС˵ţ˵ûҵŮ˽Ҷ÷Сá


115 Ǯ
Сã
˵Щ󣬻ճԼҲʶˣæСסͣһ˼ؿҶ죬Сʵôɣûϴɣ
Ҫ֪ʹھᣬҲǧ˿ڣַ֪ҪҸˣڴһ㡣
Ҷֻ˼԰תһȦȻСһҸѰ˳ɺϷļʣ̫ˡ
ûҸղſƬҸף϶ġ
ҶҡҡͷʱСõʱӦҲ࣬ڿ׵Ƭһеʶˡ
Ҷ죬ǡ׼ô죿Ҷ绰𣿡
ҶĻ֪ղЩ־ٶԵɣ°ֻ˳
ȻѾѧˣŵȻԼǸӵģ黹ҪҴ
У¶ʱҰ֪
ŵĽ飬ҶһڸͷˣôҶƽһֱڶԼ˵֮У֪СûزҶҪܵĴ
Ҷ뷨ȽСùõĲκãȻ߸Щмء
Ҷ죬Ҷ壬ǡǿǮô죿
ӸղźάĶԻУѾˣҶֻķСһİõǮȥ
ֻǲ߼ˣòƾԼҲòʮ򰡣ںȻͬŮĹ̷ܽʽҲһÿµ㻨Ǯûжٵġ
ǻа취ġ
ҶҲЩ꣬Լһѧ죬ȴǱǮסˣֲùŴһǮѵӢۺ˵ء
һ֮Ҷ˵ɣȥصĸȥתһ°ɣʮʲôĿ
һ£ڵҶ죬ǾǾˡ
Ҷָҵķˮ֮ȻвʽǱţҲתҡб꣬¹ȴǴһʡ
ϲ٩ɽģˣϲԼ飬оǸǺȦѶ֪λ˸ˮ
ԽǮˣԽŷˮ֮˵ѶλҲԸƷˮҶܾˡ
һҶʱ䲻ǺȱǮҲûպԼǷҪ뷹ЩĽҶ֪նֻҪȥܶʱͻɼˡ
ʱҶȴǹ˲ôˣֻҪܳǮʹǺ˲󶷷ҶҲȥģϾСùõĲϵһͻһֵġ
Ҷ죬㡭ΪʲôǮ
ҶĻ¶һ˿ʧͷ˵ҰְҲǮģҪ
ŵҶѣӦ뵽ԼģղҶĵһӦȴҪصĸףеСᡣ
СѾͷʲôأ
ŵҶ첻Ц§§ŵӣ˵ţ֪ǮʮϾСĿ˵ʵ϶ҰֵģǺԼϰʲôˣ
ҶĻԴ룬˵ǡǾͲʵ£ҡҾ˵Լӡ
Ǻǣѻ᳤ӵİ
ҶЦŹŵıӣ˵ҿɲԼŮѱɰѵˣˣţ¶ҾˣֻҰɡ
ųء
֪ҶСͺϾ˵飬˭Ѹı䣬ֻܹԹԵذֻ˳
Сڰ㲻Ǻȥ˼԰𣿴绰ʲô£
绰֮ͽͨˣĴɤŴӵ绰ﴫ˳
ȿȣ壬Ҷ졭
Ҷȿû˵żɽ˵壬£ҪǮתͷ㰡
ҪǮҲܸɴֱ࣬ĿҶǮ;ûһ䡣
ʮ๻ˣ壬𣿡
ȻˣǷˣʮͶʮûʲôһСǱǮܲŵڶɣ
ʮ򣿺ǺǣҶ죬ͷУһֽ𣬶ˣʮ򹻲
ҶĻ󣬵绰һ˵Ц֮ǰİµϳײ޵Ļᶼûˣϳ֢⼸ûô
ûȷʵҲ㣬⼸ĥһ˶пʲôĲãϲֽմʮ
壬ˣˡ
ĻҶ첻ϲ⣬æ˵壬߲ףܰǮҸ𣿡
˵ŻҶҲоЩգԼ򳤱ǮҪϸñ˵ǣ¶߯ˡ
ɣв̣еûأ˵أ͹ȥ
һڴӦҶָˮ⼸˵Ҳ׬߰˰Ҷ˵ǽˣҪ˵һġ
壬ھɽ԰
ĵַҶҶ˵绰˵ţ߰ɣȥ壬ӿǲҡ
ְ֣裬Ǹˡ
ҶԺſڴ绰ʱһֱƿڿţҲСˣ֪ղǸĻĲоˡ
ˣ߾߰ɡ
ϰһʧӣҶ÷̾˿˵˵ղǺӣʮǮҲ̫ˣͶǱҲ취ġ
÷ûðά̾һ˵ϣˮһװ˵ĺָ˳
ˣҶˣȥˮȰɡ
ɷӣҶ÷Ѿʮûĸ磬Ǹ۰ԼĸڵĻ϶ҲɷһȥԼǮɣ
ããղ㲻ԣȥȡӵĻάæĨ˰ᣬˮƿȥСĺԺõĳˡ
壬·㡭
Ҷ÷һˮȵʱԺͻȻִҶ壬Ҷһˡ
ǡǣСҶСҶȿȣȿȿȡ
ŸʵάҶĻ͵վȴӸס˺סؿ
壬ôˣ
ҶƿͿάһǺǿԲѣһϵˮȺæǰıЦ˵ԽҲܱס
СҶû¶ûµġ
˿ˮ˳һ֮άҶʵСҶ⡭ﳤɣ
ҶЦ˵壬壬ҵĳģûϵ
ӡ
άһʱҲûŪҶĻԲͷͦϰģæк磬طеխţ͸ˮȥ


116 صļ
άӣ֪ˣЦ˵ϵǰɣҲ¿ҽǸҶǮģ˵ˣҴСҲĺԺġ
Ȼϰڷ˴ƣҲ̫ϲĺԺС̯飬ζʮĵط̲סͻԼʱĻ䡣
СҶǮάһ£磬⡭Ҫ
Ҷ֪ҶҪǮǸģôţģ
άĻЦݽǰڵһЩƷӰ˵Ķ˼֡
㲻ǵڵ㶫˼԰
άͿˣҶҲùֵֹģѧʲô˰һ绰ȻϸǮԭ򶼲ʵģ
Ҫ֪ھᣬ˾¹ʻһǧǮأʮһʺܴĿˣǮϰ壬Ҳôóġ
ϵܣСҶҪʲôóҿɡ
άжȤ׬ǮŶľųǮ˵ͨ˭ҪŪ˸һ׼ѴòĸǾһ԰һ
ά޲ס˳Ҷڵ壬鿴ɲܻ˰
ЦõָҶ˵㡭Сӣ廹ܺɣҾ뿴ʲôֵôǮ
˵ŻάѾӸȡ˳עʱ˹ȥ
ȵάӷŵϺһѾĵƹ˰죬Ľ˻ȥ˵öɫȥȻһ֪Ѫ߻ǿ߽ȥģ
ϰ۹⣬֪ɫͺܲˣ˵֮󻹰ڳһмҵģҶء
ٺ٣壬һǮҶŻȥõ
Ǻܹɣ
üͷһ֮˵ĺȥ˸԰ڹҼǵúǮİɣ
˵عˣɫŹֵָҶϵӣ˵˵Ҷ죬㲻öʮ򣬾ΪһֻӰɣ
Ȼǻеģ͹Ҳμ˲١
ЩвٹŴĲǮĶ٣Ҷе˵Ҳֵʮ򰡣
ϵܣ׬ǮûҶ컹Ǹѧǲ˺ɣ
뵽άĿЩˣԭάǺòҲϼ޻
⡭ҡҿļ۰СҶ˵Ҳʮ򣬲Ƕʮ򰡡
ôһԣάͨ죬һǮļ֮󣬺涼Ҷ˵Իѽ
Ҷ죿ô£ؿҶ졣
壬ǿˡ
ҶЦŽ뵽˵ƹ£ָʺ˵˵壬ʣûһ˿ΪɫĺۼȻѪʷϽе¼ĳɹӵйһ˺ֹһΣʮСˣ˵Ķֵֵʮأ
ȻѪ
ҶĻһû˵һεʣҲ֪ӵļ۸񣬲ҶСʮС㡱Ļö
棬ҲղġС㡱ģһˣʱС㡱ľųһĺԺ
ʹŵ죬һ˻ƽʮǮһҲֵˣʮǶʮңҶ쿪Ķʮļ۸񣬻治
Ҷ죬ⶫøô
Ҷ۹⣬Ųɵģ뵽ȥŸѪ԰ڵ飬ɴֻ⡣
𰡣塭
ûѻ˵꣬ͱҶϵˣ壬ǿȰǮҽģһ֮Ļ壬ڶͱˣҪ͸ŵġ
͸ҵģһֱԱĬţҶĻ󣬲ɳԾ
Ȼ˭Һϰִ
ҶЦŵͷСʱϲͷģȻǵӡӢ۴÷硣
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Ųûˣص鱦ҲʶֻǳںȻСռ˱˵ĽЩһصҶ͵ġ
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ҶЦЦɷ˵ŵС֣ѩ׵ϣҴһ£˵覣Ѫ𣬰䣬̫ˡ
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С椻ûǮ
ҶľٶɵֵۣʮĶ۾գһ¾˳ȥ
ҶֱȣʶЩÿ»ǧǮС۵Ĵǣһֱͺˡ
ģŮҪˣѧҲ˰
ǰһСˣ˼ƮŮϣȻ˵޼ۣǮܺһŮĿеĵλġ
ֻ֪иϵСӿΪŮ϶ʮĻ֪᲻뷨
ӴŵϣҶͲ׼ժˣҪĵȻǸǮˣǸƤŵϴ򿪺Ҷ˵壬Ƕʮһ°ɡ
ССҶۡǲ˵õʮ𣿡ǰһӵǮάĺЩɡ
Ҳ֪ԼΪιʹʳǾ仰ҪǱ˼԰֪ͬһ׼Ըɵ棬ʮͶʮǮء
壬Ҵ绰ȥҰ֣˵ֵĿռܴ˵ʮأұⲻͶ
Ҷ˸ɣڴʱάעǮ棬ҶĻеĲˡ
ֵؿҶһۣǵһſĻյıˣҶ˽£Ҳöʣֻܽʱڶˡ
СҶûǡǶʮ򡣡
άȻ˺ʵϣ˼԰켣꣬һЩɹƭŵǺģô˵ǮһҪ壬¶ɲ鷳һһ
˰СʱάŰǮһ飬ȻӸһֻֻץӵ֡
Ҷ壬ǻ˰
Ҷ֣˵ֽʣд־ݣҲҪдŽ¾ˡ
СӣԺ󲻹ܻУɾǲ
Ҷˮ©ɣҲﰵޣҶʱ֪ء


117 Ҷ
壬ǻ˰
дõļ־ݣҶά˷ֱǩԼ֡
Ȼûо֤һ߱Чã˵ȴѾ㹻ˣʲô֮Ҳ֤ܵʹá
壬ˡ
ӵĲܵõˣάмǩֵʱ򶼰ԼдŤŤģ۾ʼնװǮĺƤϣûһ뿪Լߡ
ϣ壬ҶҲˣǾ͸˰
Ҷվһ˵壬ôǮżﲻʣҾǺһȥиɡ
ȻСĺԺסĶ֪֪׵ĽַڣǮģ׼յģһ汻͵ˣҶҲûȥʮˡ
ԣԣҪȥС
ҶĻάͷһϵӣ˵÷ȥаǮȥֿˣҪСҶһ
Լ˫˫¸ڣٵӵֲ֮άѾܾûôĹˣԭǱֵ͸һƲõ⡣
ϵܣˡ
ҶһۣԼҡͷ֮󣬽˵õĲҪϻһ£õȥסԺȲٺҲٰ
⡭⣬ðɣһҪһ١
Ҫ˵ǳˣһ˵ﶼůͣάҲ˵ʲôˣֻһжͷ
ٳŵʱҶ쿴һ۲Сã˵ҶǮˣ»ǮѲκ˱ʲôǿ
СҶ֪ˣԸղ˳ԣһҪ
Ҷ÷˵ͷڲ꣬念ҲǺģǿ壬ҪҶ˳Ժӡ
Ҷϴٳ
Ҷ쵹Ҳûƴǣ֪Сڱлһַʽ
㣬ôˣ
Ҷ˵ԺŴһʮ̫̫ŸװϴԺӣҶ÷һ֮£æӭȥ
÷죬ﰡ
̫̫Ҷ÷վԺһץסҶ÷֣ŭ˵ֱģݣ
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118 
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Ҷ÷ȴִıе㷴ֵʵ㣬㡭ʶǺ𣿡
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119 һĶԹ
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ˤˡ
Ҷĺƿ˳ȥ׼ȥæԼȥ
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Ҫ֪ҶһжʢҶƽһǶһǴҶԹùͰܵһˡ
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ҶȻưˣҵĶԹȴ˭ҲûǣҲǵҶƽҶĸ׽ϺͬʱܵѵҪԭ


120 
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õؽ֮ҶҲ˺һᣬû뵽׺ĸ׵飬Ȼôϱ˵ĶԹ
Ҷ͸׵Ĺ۵㵹һģԩԩ౨ʱˣȷӦýϵǣ˵ϣǱûʲô
С죬ʱҶͷϣôҲͨˣǻǺүүòԣ⺢ӴСû
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ϰöͨҶ죬ǼѧԨԴԼһȥĻ϶ܼԼ۹Ʒļʡ
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124 Զ
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125 
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ȻũĳЩطȻ˻ˮ鿴Ĺطˮ˽ΪǵҲٹġ
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ŽҶĳ϶ԼеѲϵģ˵ǹĸˮеϵˡ
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⻰ʵģ˵ɣλүϰθëҵ֣˵ǮûǮҸղô˺λүడ
ǮˣݵһǱɹǮˣȻҲ⣬ǽһڰܺүӺӰǼӵ顣
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άɲ֪ϰж֣ĻԶûʲôֱ۵ʶĵǣҶĶ᲻ȥ֮Ҷƽ
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Ҷάûʹù֧ƱȥԼϹϵ֮ҲŶӣֱȥһгİ칫ڡ
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ɳ
Ҷ쿴һƬϵ֣ɳվ˵鷳ɳˡ
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129 ׷Դ
ļģ飬˴ûйಡʷҲܽճ˵Ӧûͻļġ
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ͬʱԭվ᷿Ҷ죬Щ˸ΪеظܵؼȻ֮éɽԪӵ뵽ƵģճҶ켸޷
ܵӵԪҶָ£ɽǰһĹ켣дһ
ҶĺԭԪͻȻֹҶĹ켣ϣԴԴϵĽ֮뵽еԪϡ
һж˳Ҷ¶һ˿ϲɫ²žŹλһһ˳᷿
һȥ󷨵ķΧҶһһˤ˵ϣСꡱһ³һѪȾδڻĻѩ
Ҫ֪ҶȻͨɵԪӴղǿѾԼľܵ˺ǳ֮δɣҶСȲˡ
ɽּԴԴϵر֮УȻ֮뵽۴ʦڣȻƣ֮ҲҶе˷ܡ
ѳɣֻҪ֮ڲĻҶԼǧǰδɵ漣һѪܻʦһ٣Ҷоʵ̫ˡ
۳Ѫ˿Ҷ죬ԼԿʦϷһ˿ΣԭҪϾ壬ƺҲڷĳĪĸı䡣


133 £
ߵ֮Ȼһתİ̵ģһ졭
ҶСĵĸҪȼ͵ӵú֮һƨǰȫľƺһ㣬ûһˡ
ʱҶ죬лӶ磬ԭɾ޷մѩˮڻŢͷһ㡣
ҶԭϣһȦۿİȥˣҶϵķ޴ͷȻЩҰˡ
ڱĵ˺һᣬҶ滺һվ뵽һ᷿һϴ˵ĻƾͿԴζ֭Һ֮Ҷľ΢һЩ
ߵ֮ѶȣԶԶҶʱΪתԪҲʱǿʱҹĻٵʱڵԪǻһЩҡ
ʱ򣬾ͱҪҶֽԪ뵽еĹ켣֮УҲ˵ÿ춼Ҫ񱩵ԪһΣ³ѪҲһ֮ˡ
ҹĲ߲ݣ񾭻Ҫʱ̹ע󷨵УҶǾ壬˼ޣǴС壬Ҷͱˡ
ƾ֮Ҷվߵ۵ſڣƴϵĵ֮
һ˿˿΢ԪԴԴϵ뵽ҶڣǽɿݵľʼոϲģԪҶֻǱˮнѡ
һϢ֮󣬵ߵһǳ֮ʱҶֽ뵽֮УԭƽŵԪƺܵ˵ųӰ죬Ȼ֮ÿ
԰
ԪƺҪǰҵĶ࣬ҶƳȫǱûܽԪ뵽󷨹켣֮УۿžҪʧȥ˿ơ
Ҷд󼱣һҧϣһʹΪ֮˫ַɿǰһεĻߣдһ
񱩵ԪҶĺȻͣһ£һҶһѪί֮
Ԫһ˿˿󷨵Ҷ᷿߳һͷԵ˵ϣ˶ʧȥ֪
֪˶ãҶֻоһů۾ʱȴֶյůԼϣҶֳ壬ȴֱһſ˵ϡ
οҪһˡ
ҶЦһҲ˵˶Ԫɣ˯һҹûСѾˡ
۾⣬һ磬Ҷŷŷվ
ֻĵԴȵźų֮Ҷ˵Ӹ磬ԵɽҪӪġ
󷨷ʱʱʱȴʱСʱܼˣسǸϵҲҪСʱʱ䣬Ҷ첻ײ󷨡
Ҵʱ󷨳ɰܣҶҲûȥˣı˳죬ֻʦ󣬳Ϊǧŵһλʩˡ
ʱ֣ҶȻеԭԪ᷿ͻȻ͵һգӯԪǱһڶһ㣬˲ʧӰˡ
Ҷ˫֣þƿ᷿Ĵţ۾ڵһʱ䣬˴ͷյơ
Ȼ΢ĻʱҶһɣŰĿתʦϡ
ԭݵϵʱȴʮֵĺȻʮǰǰӤһ㣬ԭ˿ڵȴȫʧˡ
ʦʦ
ҶẰһƺӵˣϵ۾΢Щ㯵شŷеΡ
ߵ󷨣
ͷıƺͱ鼰͵ʱϵ¶ֵ飬ֳһ´ȴſڵҶһǻ
׻˵ɽȥ˿ȻѾߵˣ˵ϵϾҪһʱǰ
ߵɰϵͷҧס˺죬汻Ԫ¶ˮ뵽˸Уһ˿
СҶӣ⡭ߵ󷨣ǡ㲼ģ
ӦһϵŷűߵҶ죬ʱ˹ʹֶΣԼѾ̤޵˫ǸӲ˻
ʦûû¶˰ɣ
᷿ϣҶЩϵЦȴޱȵĲãô󣬵һηΪĵЦݡ
ննαأ⡭Ǻαأ
ҶݵѺͷҰ׸ͷѿֹˮϵҲ̲סݺᣬǵˮ˳
ȻҶʩչߵ󷨵ģԪ֪ҶⷬʩպûʲôĻҪʧʮ١
ΪԼһٶˣҶ޶ʧϵﲻһѹ
ʦ˵ҪΪյģңֻٽЩʱˡ
ҲֻϵǰҶŻ¶һƬ֮ģϵֹסˮӿ˳
Ҷϵ˴ʩ˺ʦģ̲ס˵ʦҪһ꣬ʮʮʲôϵأ
ʦһԺ飬ͽܰ
ҶĻϵ̾Ϣһ͵ķɣһŬıԼƣȴûٵϵʱȴҶ쵽ˡ
ٺ٣ǵȻͽܣʦڽϴŶ¡ҶԲѵԿ
Ҷ⻰˵Ҳɵģ׻˵ڽɼȭʦصʦǻһЩҡ
ʱЩ˲£ǵ֮󣬾統꣬ǰѰˣһոõͽܾǺбҪˡ
ϱͽǱӻҪĵģҶ첻֪ʦûгңɽһʮ꣬صҲӦý²ٶԹġ
СӾʹɣţɶ绰˰ɣ
һ̶ֻʦͽ֮ĶԻͨ绰󣬷ż˳Ҷ죬ҵɽˣǡϲǽˣô߲Ƭ֡
Ӹ磬˳ȥȻѽֺĵһӰγǰŲʱִٰӶγˡ
ѾɽҶ¶һ˿ϲɫʱҲûȥƻˣָֻΪ۵ļӰȥ
Ҷ죬Ҷ죬Ķˣ
ʮӹ󣬵ǰ˷ĺֻǻûҶ쿪ڻػ᷿žͱءһƿˡ
ϡɣ⡭ǻ
᷿ص͵ƺм䴲ϵϵ󣬷˶סˣŵŷеֱ˲۾
Ҫ֪֮ǰϵѾһϢˣɽβŰסˣȻ˵Ǿȣôǽ֮˰
ϡɣҶأһ֮󣬷ŷ˵ۻûҶӰӡ
衭Ӹ磬ҡźءڷ󣬴Ҷ


134 һҹͷ
㡭ǡҶ죿
Ҷ󣬷͵ת壬ڵϵǸͷҰ׷˿꣬۾һ㣬ŵŵš
صú͵Ʊߵĵ䣬ʱѹϵҲҪĺˣҶ첻ɰңҪλ˵Ҫǰ
İ˰֣Ҷ˵Ӹ磬һѣĳʳЩ
СҶӣηУȻЩ˻ƣȷҶɡ
ϡϼһ㡭ʹʲôаҶȥ˰
˿ɫ㲵Ҷ죬Ťͷɫϵƺ˵ʲôһѳ嵽ǰץסϵ죬
ڷҶڶ̶̵һھȻʮһ㣬ϵ϶вΪ֪è壬ҶǸСĻܲϵˡ
ȻЩһֱԪǾηмӣǺҶôһ㴦Ľȣŭȴѹ˶ϵĿ־壬Ҷҵģ޲ðϵʬΡ
СӣһȥȰҶ
ϵȻҲܱģ΢ָ̧׶ŷһ˫ֶʱоһȴҲץסϵˡ
Ӹ磬ﰡ
ľٶҶҲվԼǧʦһҪǱҡμɢ˰壬ǿҪΪЦˡ
ϵϳ˿ҲˣܵҶ߷ס壬ʵҶ죬⡭ôģ
˵ʲôʦ֡
Ҷûص˷һۣ˵󷨶ȡʦһЩ٣ֻܵЩɰˣһӾͺˡ
ŴһҹͷĹ£ִҽѧĽǶȶԣصˡѹȣȷϻ
иһɥӣ֮£һͷȫˣⲢ޵ķʸ
Ҷ֮ڣΪά󷨵ת龫ǣ;񶼼Ҫ˱ıԵͷûףʵҲ֮еġ
ҶԭͷЩҲܴӴǰķ˿ɫĸı䣬Ҷ첢ںֻҪܾȻʦٴĴԸ⸶
Ҷ죬û£ʵ
û£ĶҳԵ㡭ҶͶļˣûһͽĶȥˡ
˵Ȼʱͦŵģӯӣļֳɵģڱƿðء
ź˼ڼ֮Ҷϸеһů⣬Ҳػָ˹ñƿĸӵһЩҶϵҲ˼ڡ
ҶľٶҲ֪ԸղˣվͷһĲ˼
ӵúζҶ˱ӣ˵Ӹ磬ҲˣҰЩú͵ƶɣˣʩ飬˭߰
ɣүЪţҸˡ
Ҳûƴǣһæµڰú͵óʱȴ͵͵Ҷƽ˸绰Ҷı仯ʵ̫ˣЩûס
ȻҶսû˵ģֻ˵ҶЩʣҶƽ
һæµ֮󣬷ִһ᷿һŴҶ˵㶫ͷһմͷ˯˹ȥ⼸ʵ̫˵㡣
һԵϵȻҶܰڳߵ󷨵ֶʣҲֻĿ񣬵ȴҶתˡ
Ҷһ˯˯ʮ˸Сʱ۾Ѿ֮ˡ
֣ôˣҶһ۾ͿͷŸˣĿȥɲԼĸף
ţӯӯ㣬ﰡ
Ť²ӣҶʱ֣ɲֹһˣûӯҲˣԼԶĨᡣ
С죬㡭ôˣ
ӯѹԼĿҶת֮Ҳ̲סˣԭشˣҪ֪ôһֱҶ쵱׵ܵܿġ
ȣû£㣬ȱް
ӯģҶ첻һϺߺӴͷۣ㣬޵ͷҪըˡ
㲻ޣޣС죬ѣ˯һɡ
ҶĻӯæֹס˿ҶҰ׵ͷǱͷ᲻סµš
㣬û£Ӱ
ҶܿһۣЩֵʵʦأҶƽӯ֮⣬ϵȴǲӰ
˵Ǹɵҩ̲壬ͷȥˣȻܻ
ҶƽڴеҲҶ죬ʵ⾿ô°Ϊָ֮ã
˵ʵҶƽʱһԭѾЩۻԪȻͬʮǰһͣµҲ˺ǹ֮£ҶƽΪԼء
֣˵ҲţЩ¾ͲҪˣ͵ΪʦЧɡ
׻׷ʣҶ˰֣˵֣һôģҲȥʦ͵ǳȫ˶ӵһƬТɡ
⡭ĹЧ桭ѧϰģӵĻҶƽˡ
û뵽һֱԼĽŵȻ͵컻յı죬ȥԼЩϵǰ󷴲ˣʹȥҲûŰɣ
һТĶӣҶƽȴҲ˵ʲô̻Ļˣܲ˵Ҷ첻óϵɣ
֣Щв޵ģҲ̫ƽˡҶҡҡͷûж˵ҲϰպԼɹ￴
СҶӣˣ
ڽŶԻʱϵ˽ڴͷҶ죬æȥ
˰֮ϵ̧ͷҴ̲ϵ֮֮ڣܽٸ
ʦû£ôָô찡
ǰϵҶϰֵĸоһģûϵģصʮǰһɷӡ
նΪֶô򵥵ģϵЦЩԺ˵ȰãʦлҪ㡭
ϵȻ˵ɣףԼѵȻҶҲ֮ڣʱ򻹻޼յġ
ҶҲǾ֮ͨˣʦĻռһԣʱʲô˹ʱɱϵϵйȴ׵ϵ޵ʱ䡣
֣ùǶðɣЩҶֻܺϵ̸׵ڳȴû˵³Խˡ
ãýĺԺջˣСüסļʱһҶȥСõĲҲкô
ҶĻҶƽ¶ϲɫλصõǵ½⣬ҶƽôĽǽ⿪ˡ


135 ѧ
ȹԺ󣬰׼˼԰¸ӣȥԺľͷǱߣչҲ㡭
ĻΧԶǽЩпɱȵģǵĽδ⣬ҶƽͰѹ꿪ľųȥˡ
ҶƽĻҶһᣬ˵֣Щˣˣǰſգ滹ʮʣµȥĺԺװһ°ɡ
ҪǮСӱƵģװĺԺǮУòģʮˣСТСõİɡ
ҶƽԭҶóʮҲģȥ걻˿һѣʽת⣬ȥ꣬ҲҪݵһӸ̳ȥܰ쵽󻰵˻ȥ
ϰֵĻҶЦЦĿ˸ף˰ɣ֣Ǯ͵ǶТģ˵ˣĺԺǰǱ˳ģֻһ㣬ûʮʮĸװ޺ãǲҪصӲа
Ҷ⽨ϵרҵɲǰѧģĺԺȻֻǸĺԺǰԺӼϻ԰ʮ᷿ϸϴּЩ̣Ҷ˵ֲࡣ
⡭װ޲ôġ
Ҷƽ˵ͨ죬Ҳһλװ޺ãɬİһҪЩǮԷСķò
֣Ǯȥðɣ⿪ҲõõҺʦɽϣǻʲôǮˡϰֵӣҶЦЦĴ˵˳
ƽʱҲСʲʲô궼Ҫɽϣ
Ҷƽ˵֮󣬲Żعζѧô찡⡭Ҳܰѧҵķ˰
֣ʦˣҪˤŵģѵһб°𣿡
Ҷ쿴ϵҪ˵Ҳ˲òòˣ˰ֽ˵ʦ֪ԸһһĴи޸ɵġ
ԪһδȢأΪʹ٣ԭҲ³Ƿģġ
֮˥ϣϵȫ񣬶ʦһе޸ϣҶ˲ٴԪɣӲؽٸľġ
ҶĻϵһ£ʵҶ죬˵ĵ棿
棬ʦЩԺ˵Ҷ֣صص˵ͷߵʱûٶʦ
úúã
Ԫ뷢Զ˵֣޸ϵĿˡ
ߵ󷨣һмΪҪϵ֪ȫͰڲķҲûܲ󷨡
Ҷ첻ڳ󷨣ȡ컯ɹһٶ꣬ϵǼֱˣ֪ҶбļԲΪμʹҶ첻˵ϵҲܲ³ˡ
壬⡭Ҷ컹Ҫѧİǡǿǻѧ
ԪĻҶƽЩˣзźúõĴѧϣȥоЩĵ
ʲôѧϵʮǰ̹飬˲𣿡
ϵƲƲ죬Ҷ컹ᣬԺѧǣԸȴǻˣټϵеҪԣԶѧУѧ֪ʶҪöࡣ
ϰֺʦִҶ쿪˵֣ͲҪʦˣѾ˾ٸĵġ
֪ʲôû֪ʶûĻԺ𣿡ԶҶƽûôˣֱӾѵ
ҶЦ֣ϴѧΪʲôҵ֮ҸĹ
Ȼѵ㻹شֵزɣҶƽû˵
Ҷûϰֵɫ˵˹׬ǮȢϱң
ϻûʲô׬ǮңҶƽѿڶֻǻ˵֮ȴǸо˲ԡ
ȻҶϵЦˣ֣ǰʱ׬һҪϰ๤Ļ֪Ҫ׬
Ҷ˻һҶƽʱƿˣ˾ٿǮĹˮƽǲԲȰѹʽʲôȫһ겻ǧѣһҪһˡ
⡭ôġ
ҶƽԼоûʲôˣ˵ˣΪ˴³ԷҺڣźȿͷԼСӹĺ
ΪĻĿںţǵ꺰ںŵˣԸˣ˵º˺öҶƽˡ
֣ͷİɣӲԺĳԲϷġ
ʵҶҲôɵģô˵ĴѧģҲʶ˼ѡ
Ϊʦߵǣ޹ңҶ컹޷ѧľڻᣬԺеǻѧϰʦȴûʱˡ
ðɣȥԿܲܰѧ⺢ӣ˲ʡġ
ҶƽҡҡͷεشӦ֪ӴС飬ʹ˲ӦܹĨǵİ͵͵ظɡ
ڰѧ飬ҶƽҲûʲôաϾǻģ֪ѧУһ鿨ĺϡ
ΪԭѧĻѧУָҽԺ֤ڼʱ򣬻ҪѧУԱͬǰرӲĹϵ򼸺ǰ첻ģҶƣҲԼȥġ
ӳ˰
ȻҶǰҲΥ׵ԸȴǶԼ·һشѡҶƽ̾˿֪ʧ仹Ǹˡ
ҶûѪɫӺͻҰ׵ͷҶƽЩ۵˵мҪˣүɽҲ壬ɽɣ꿪ٻ
ãʦǹٻɽ
ڸ׵飬Ҷ쵹ǵͷͬβʩڵԪһգ𺦼ɽȱҩģȷûڼ﷽㡣
ϵҲ֪ģʰһ۹رպһ˻صҶƽسǵļ
صسǵĵڶ죬ҶƽȥɰĻᣬҶʦ˼СԺ׼˽ʮ֮õܣʦ
ʦľˣӵĴмϢܴ󣬹Ҫһʱȫ
ڽԭί˵֮Ҷޱȵɣһζ̸£ûĻӦҲһˡ
ԭ˰ֲõʦһҪۣȴʦˡ
ҶĻԪس˿ѹĵװڽ⿪ˣʦĴһֱڣֻԼ֪ѡ
Ҷ죬Ȼ̳ʦʦȥ֮ɽϵصҲˡ
ǰϵлȻʣֱߴɽϴİݸҶ죬ʾ򿪡
ʦ⡭ЩҸҡֲҵʿ
еĵʿ뺺һԼƬġڽְ̽Աʸ֤顷Ҷϲ˼ɺߡ


136 
Ҫµ۵֣ûеʿ뺺ʸ֤飬ôа
ϵҶǲΪȻ˰˵ֲȫûȥӵģ˵ˣһΪ𣬼ʹպҵʦ֣Ҳܲ㡭
ִУȫԼ֮ӽɣе徻Խֹ˻Ȣ
һ̣Ҳ塢鱦ɣ·ֻӳֵʿҵʿס֮УȢի䣬ӵʿȢӡ
ʦǲ˵ӻȢ֮ˣŵʦʦԵݼ̳зͳġ
ǡĲ뵱ʿ
Сʱ򲻶£Ҷоŵۺ棬ڸʿݣЩԸˡ
ʮ֮ҶϾͺٴװˣô˵ҲǸˣϵЩ۹⻹ǱȽġ
Ҷ죬߾ôһͽˣҪǲƵۣڵĲҵͻᱻչȥģϵҾȪ֮£Ҳûȥдʦ
ҶĻϵ¶֮ɫһִ֮ţΪʦһʦͳˣϵĿ
ʦ𼱰
ҶСãԼҲ£һٶˣо⻹ǵһεüвһ񺮡
ʦҴӦͱˣ˰춼µġ
Ǵ۵شɽˮéɽ˱ջصȷЩϧȻ֪ʦǽⷢӣҶ컹ǴӦ
ҿϵ׼õĶ뺣ҶҲ֪ԤıˣʹԼӦϵҲбİ취ġ
ҶµòϵԭǸ˸ģֻԸҲû뵽ͽܾȻбԼܵظ˻ŵࡢĵĺҶ콻
ŴڵٽСسǵζԽԽŨˣʮһͷҰķ˿֮⣬ҶѾͳˡ
ת۾͵ʮӯ󣬾Ҷһ꣬ټϸʱֵСԭļУ
ҹȻֻϳһ٣׼Ǵһæˡ
˵Ҳ֣ⲻҶңǷʢ˥ɻǴүǣ˿ҶƽͷԺɱѼæǲֺ
δҶҲָʹǵģֻԪһָܻģɵҲû¡
Ҷ죬ȥ濴ʮģ˭Ű
Ҷƽſڴϴֻʵ߲
ϣ
ҶӦһѸץһӻˮ˳ϴ֣ſȥ
塭ţڡ壿
ſͣŵһСγվǰˣҶЩɵˣôû뵽ڽʮӣںȻŮȻţ
ҶҶ죬㡭ôģˣ
ҶһվſڵֺγǣҶԭں͸ͷûҰһƬŵѾۿתˡ
¡ͷ˵ɣ壬ţ
Ҷͷͷ׵黹޷˵ÿӣԺﺰ֣ˣš
ڣϡͰԽԽƯˡ
ҶĺҶƽͷӭҲǶˣǷ⼸س￪˸֯õںȻĲٰ
ҶȾˣС⣬ǸŮĺ˵С
ȻʣȻѯʵĺʱںȻЦǺǵĺҶƽзк̧ۼԺз۾ɹ̫ϵʱһ¡
Ҫ֪ںȻ֮ԴʮҶһéɽŮżңʮ֮ҪȥݣҲϵ岻ˣ̽һ
ûһ棬ϵȻ˵⣬侫òôҲֻʣһ˰ɣ
뵽ںȻؿŮһۣѾͷҶ춼ˣȻԼôɣŮҲ߯˵㡣
ϡ壬ɺãȻЩòҪģںȻǰظϵһ
СڰѾͷҲˣ⺢ӺҶԵǸö߶߶
ϵЦŰ˰֣վߵҶ죬ȴǲһȻΪ˸ԼҶ츶ʵ̫ˡ
˶վԺ˵Ҷ壬ȥ˵ɣߵĻɾˡ
ԣԣݣ˵ţҶ˸ӣͷϿ
ĻҶƽæкųˮƯδϱҲĻϲ
Ҷôߺӡ
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֣æ
ԴӽԺŵ˼ͶҶϣҶҪ
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Ҷ죬㡭⵽ôˣ
ߵҶߣס½ǣȴҲ̲סˣžµ
ҶɲͷûҰףϵɫҲܲã˿ȥʮʮһ㣬Ȼޱȵۡ
ҶЦóֽȥϵ飬˵û£һؾͺˣţѧҿϲˡ
ʵҶƽҲҶڱסĺԺļѧģȴǱϵˣǣҶġ
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٣ţûоͷˣø˧𣿡ҶЦǺǵĺƶ죬ϵĶȴһ㶼һ㿪ƶгһġ
ʵҶ˵ĵҲûͷ֮ӣȻЩˣƽһ˵
ҶС⺢ӵôˣȥڱúõء
Ҳ˵Ҷ˵Ļ뵽֮ںȻҲȲҶƽʳͬ⡣
£ҲǰĿ첻ˣҶͰǸɽ
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ҶƽؽߺںȻһ
ԭںȻѾ߿Ҷһˣ˿֪Ҷı»ҪԶԶԸܰһ֮˸ȻҪʲôֶΰ


137 
ڣ⺢ֻ͸֧Щͻָģ㲻õģԺûʲôӰ졭
ںȻþûгҶƽΪҶδ˥ڿźҶأԳԸ˼䡣
⺢ӣ˲ð
ںȻҡҡͷЩ꾭۰ĺͶǵȵ֪ЩطΪܵ𾴵δؾǮˣЩνġʦ
ۻƴ֣ѾһˣǳΪռһеĴʣÿۻƴͷע㣬ǿġ
һЩʦˮʦĶǸ۰ĳ֮ңЩĴ󸻺ǣҲǶǹмӣ˿ĵ
ںȻЩطͣʱҲЩˮʦǵĴţû˵ġ
ԭںȻҶŮ黹е˼ҶƽⷬǵС˼ʧˣ˭Ҳҵһķˮʦ
ˣͱˣҪǿʦصҰȸϡ
ҶƽԴںȻĳ˼Ȼֶ죬Ҳɱһǧ˰˰ٰϵǺùˣҶģɸСͷˡ
ϢһᣬںȻҶƽҲȥˣǸˣ϶һ֣вɵļ
ĵӵʱںȻӴéɽҲϵ˳Ҷģһ꣬ҶδĸǸˣû˵ʲô
˷һںںȻһҵļ룬ҶҵҹԵĺ֣ҶļùãҲӱ˵绰ԭ侲ļһŨ顣
ļ죬ںȻæµŮꡣ
ҶǻصͯСɽס˼죬ÿǸģӵڸӶԼһ㡣
ʮһǻ忪ѧӣһֱûзϺţĸҶ죬ߵʱ޵˶ƵģҶһʱҲЩŮ鳤
ȥ︴գҶҲʦصɽϵصۣռʦͽҶд׫дľģʱܿһعȥˡ
ΪϵҶҶƽһ̨ͷÿ͵硣
Ϊ˶ӵ壬ҶƽרóһǮ˴ĶɩĽ̲Ʒʳ͵ɽϣҶϵȫΪġ
һҩʳɽԪҶòѾָһ㡣
ֻҶͷΪ˶µģȴû취ָһĵҲҶպ޹ķ˿øеҰ׺ɫͷɢҶϣƽһ˵ʡ
һ׫дؾ֮⣬Ҷ÷˲ٸƽʱû¾Űѿ̵ĥһˮƽҲǴǣҶԼպʦҲܺڷˡ
ڵ۲ԶǸСٲҶзһˮѵѨۡ
ϲ֮£ҶΧ󷨣ʱʱ䣬ˮ
Ѩе֮ȡ֮ʧˣҲҶ޷취Ҫԭ򣬷ʲôøˣǳ۷ܱһʳݡ
һٺʹڣҶкɽϵȹģҶ˲ѧУȤ£Ҳһ˰ֵǵʺ
ĲƣʱҲһȥˡ
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ҶҪȻ࣬ϲ⣬ѾԼĳŵΪʦգҲϵϵһԸ
ʦһˣвֶΣȴҪ¹ϣҲ޷ʩչġ
ڵĵƹ£Ҷëװõҳϣдһ֣Ȿˮ֮ɵ׫дϣԪ֡
Լһ׷ڱʵϵҲǸ쳣﷭ȥİ֣δ͸īζ¶һҸɫ
ţʦ
ſĵϵҶԭϵЦݣȻһ˿˿ʧˣΪʦüĴһŨŨĺɫ״촽ҲЩࡣ
Щɶ֮ףҶһ֮£͵վƨȥ
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ʦҶ˫ϥŵأϵǰһ˿ǻȻ֪һսȻ̲ס
նԹǵ࣬ɵˣ˭ܲϵһһٶ꣬ѾǸԵˡ
ϵЦҶͷһʱǰ飬Ȿܸ٣ҪãваСУպͽҲҪѡ֮ˡ
ϵŵⱾһܸ١
ܸ溬ϵĵ֮ҶûⱾܸ٣һϵ鼮ҲûãϵŻصؽҶ졣
ǣʦһὫµͳȥġҶᶨص˵ͷ
ʦҲˣСӣСʱûٵɣ
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֪
Ҷϵ˼һԣɵ书ؼҽҵĹŷطһģֻϵĵӲܵõС
⵹˵ϵ䣬ؼⱾܸ̫ҪһС֮ͽȥΣһĴ
֮һ꣬ܵһͽ̷꣬ϵ֪ȥʱȥ죬ԳԶɽ֮и
ϵ¶һ˿΢Цһز֪ġңӸ߰ͳȴˡ
Ҷ콫ʦϣðײסʦ壬ǿĵʹǿĵʹֱֻ֪߳ͨ˸׺ͷˡ
õϢķҶƽҲϴسǺͱ˹ҹϵķǴһˣ̧׼õĹľɽڵ֮á
ʦġɡ֮Ҷһ֮࣬ڤ;į֮Խ㣬ڿຣԳ޵Ҷ
Ҷ֮УӡΪʦȣ˵ڶʱҶƽҲˣҶ촦ϵĺ
ϵ𻯺һڣѮ껵ҲרŸοҶ֮󣬾һƿ޵ۡ
Ҷ첻Ըίʦʦʮķ£˾۲ԶһˮѨ֮С


138 ؾ
ʦҪԺˣһ᳤סڵġ
Ҷϵķǰȼ㣬Ĺϵ֣Ĺǰһֻռһƿę́ƣƸѾ򿪣ŨľƮɢڿ֮С
Ȼϵʮ궼Ǻȵ۵éɽ׾ƣҶ֪ʦǰȺþƵģֻޣܺȵϲİ׾ơ
ʦİɣЩѾպˣպӻҸͽܣһĴи̳ȥġ
Ҷƿؽ䵹Ĺǰ棬ֱȼҶ컹߶߶˵Ŵǰ¡
ϵ֮Ĺʵ̫ˣӶʱƨʶԪҶ֪γɣǴʦе֪ġ
ϵΪҶ˵һţûĸ׵ʱҶʦϸܵĹذȹ˿ֵͯꡣ
ȻΪѳʦϵһ죬ҶܸоԼиǿʦȥˣҶʱÿ˵š
֣ˣʦᣬһߣҪˡ
ŲҶҲûͷ֪ڴ˿ֻиˡ
Ҷ죬߰ɣҶźˣ㲻õˡ
ҶƽĶӵļ򣬼壬ΪףҶƽֻоο
ʱҶƽ˲飬۵Ȩڽֻβţϵ˽
Ϊ˼̳˵صۣԪó˲ٻҲļ֤ǵõڽ̲źɵġ
ڵĹϣҲй涨ģһڽ̳̽˱ڽڲԱ
ҿϵϣҶ˵ʿ뺺ҶƽʱЩģĻ˳
ѾȫҶ˽˵ˣպɹãҲѹҶһϣȻȡǮҲǹҶеġ
֣үԸɽס𣿡
ҶվףʵǴһʮĹ¹ˣҶסڵµ۾ûܿͻưȥġ
ôԸ⣿ôطסţÿ»ٿǮã˵ˣǶӶס
ҶƽЦ˵ЩţҲʵȻȥ򹤵ҲˣһٿǮЩǶԣȻһʲС֡
ǺǣүˣҪǻԸ⣬¡ҶҲϰ˵ЦԭЩѹֵձ΢һЩ
ص֮ҶײסһżϴЦ˵֣Щʦҵģͱµ˰
ҪߵĶҶʰˣϵǸ̺һ׫д֮⣬ϵղصЩžˡ
ҶƽģֻżҲԣһͿЩĶڵĿӡЩľȻ˵ϼֵǣҲǺֵǮ
ӵĻҶƽ΢죬Υĵ˵Щ𣿸Ҷϡ
ߣɽˡ
ҶЦЦЩž뵽һһ˵֮Ҷʦ֮ؿһۣͷҲصɽȥ
һҶƽ󲿷ֵⶼתƵ˱СسϢ֮󣬸һͬص˱

֣Ŷѽ
ȻǺһǸֵͬ´;ίӶժˣҶǰģһ͹Ĵš
ӵĻҶƽЦţ˵ǣС죬Ҹ˵Ǽլӣ
ֶŶԺһҶסĺԺϴžһСʩȫϿԺӣЩڽ½ıǿöˡ
Ҷլλڳǣϼ·͵˻ʳǸ£һԽҶƽڼдѣЩûһĴָõġ
ͷĺԺв٣һԺס廧ˣܶϱȥǹϼ֮ĺԺֻΪֵˡ
˭磬˰С죬㡭ͷ
űƿԺﴫŮͷһæӭ˳Ҷץŵһ·˵ϡ
Ҷ죬㡭㺢ӣһɽϣͲ֪Сð
Ȼ֪Ҷ˵ëͷ׺ڰףۼҶ÷ỹ̲סץסҶûӵֻ֣ôɿˡ
Ҷ֪СȥܳɹµںϵҲܺã˻Ҫ꾲ģҶ÷֣˵СãҲԣǧģȻϰҪˡ
ңһָͷҾ͸ߴȥ
ֶӵĻҶ÷ûص˸һۣҶƽЦԼʲôҲû˵ʲôҲûôվžǹ˰
ҶƽⱲû¹ʲôˣҲҶײΨȴ´СĴ㣬ҪȻҲΪûԭԼôһֱһرˡ
С죬СиӣҩٰͷģͿʼ㰾ҩ
Ҷ÷֪Ҷͷ׵ľԭֻΪĹȵµģһԼͬʱҲûٸҶһЩƫ
ãû£ͷ׵ôˣˡ
ҶЦŽ˹ȥˣСãȥˣС÷أôһ˰
Ҷϰ˵ҪĺԺװ޺֮󣬳Ҷƽס֮⣬Ҷ÷һҲ˽һ˵ĴΪҲչãƽʱҲסġ
ҶĻҶ÷˼·Ȼˣ˳ҶĻ˵֪ǽȥˣ߶ˣѧϰȽϽϲŻأС÷ڵʹ绰
Сã绰ˣάȻģԼˣЩ׸ʲô
ҶƽǺöӵǮ˼԰һҹ꣬ƽʱҪչ׻˵ˮԸάȻƹѡˡ
Ҷ÷ɲˣĻʲôװС⵱øĲûؼҰ㿴Ҷӣ⵱ֵĲΣ
ããаɣѶҲȫԲúһ³ɲɣҶ죬ߣȥķ䣬ʲôٰ㲼á
СһʺҶƽ˿ûм֮ҶĶӡ
ҶסԺ᷿Ҷ÷Ļ˵պ·ˣΪӭ˵̬רװһϴּ䣬ĺԺǼΪټġ
ڽӵҶ÷ĵ绰άҶ÷һңܿĺԺҶһͷڰ׵ķ˿겻ѡ
ϵʱҲӻ˹ĺԺֵǹһ㣬ѾõҶңƺҲָЩķɡ


139 
С磬ѧȥ
ԴںԺŴ¶һ£ܿ˻ȥ
һûСѾͷѾ˴һ淴ƽʱ԰ĻôǶҶݵĺܣѧ˵ѧѧˣö
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ҶСԼһûʲôֵܽãԶҲ簮ĺܣС߶
磬Ǯ
Ѿͷﶼ÷ˣҪȥԣ
ǰԺƮСõĺǳҶĵ΢Цмҵĸо
ĺԺѾаµʱˣȻĻ绪԰éɽϵĿ£ԺҶһ˾ס磬Ӱ쵹ǲ
Ҷ죬ԷõǰԺ˹
Ҷ죬ǼרͶ÷ҵģǶȵ
ȼҲֻҶС̫̫Ļ˵ҶҾôһˣϻٶǮۡ
ллáҶƮͻϴ˴һȥ
ȻҶϵԪһԶ볾éɽҶĵ֮ȴԲ
ҶѾҪôʳˣÿյҩźͽҪģǰҶ춼Լҩÿ͹ˡ
С죬ҲˣôģҪҪ²μӴθ߿ȥѧ⵱ֵǿ߶ֺУûϼڣҶƽͿʼ߶
Ҷҡҡͷ˵֣ѧˣϢһʱ䣬ȥҸɡ
ԭʮ˾ѧҶ͸ое룬ھϵ֮£Ҷǳ˺ܶ࣬ٻصУ԰϶Ӧġ
ŻһҪҵˣҶɲȵʮٳΪˣ벻ȥеպͥľԴ
Ҷƽ˵ʲôҶĴòӦˣѿһ٣˵ƽСôͲͣ˵ЩȥȥϽߣӱ׬Ǯ
ããʲôû˵㣬͹ɡ
ĻҶƽһĿЦҶΧŻʳǸ䣬·ͷƣżܵ԰ȥôûĵˣ
ҹܵ˹
׻˵֪ĪҶƽԶӵҲ֪֮ҶСе뾭ѵȻ˺ܶ࣬ȴҲָԸָʹԸ
治˵
ϰֵĻҶͷֿȥʲôںʵĺܽˣȥָʾҶ컹治С
ʵʱҶҲĥԼδ۸ֵͣ򹤵Ļǿ϶ɵģ˵һĴǿɶͶߡ
ȥ칫죬ûѧҶ˼ȥƺֻܸɻԼϱУҸظռȥ
ŵ̯ҶҲȥתˣﲻרҵĵطרҵƭĵأһǴơ
Ҷ컨˶ʮǮĸЩ˾Ȼɵ֧ʱͺûһſڿӵľͰҶ찲˺üݡ
иͷҶиĶӣҽѣҶóٿǮͰҶףѣҶûͷ̯Ӹˡ
Ҷһȥ㶫תתΪʦ˵غˮĴбҪһЩͽ࣬Ƚְҵطչ
ҶҲ֪ϰֺͼùÿ϶ȥ㶫ģҽҽԵ֣ҶҲûǿЩȻͻˡ
ĬˣҶûص˵ܵһۣ˵ˣԸ˵ôСʲôʱϢʲôʱȥõݹʹˡ
ǾԺ˵ɡ
ڻŶӵĴ㣬ҶƽҲ޿κΣȻװĺԺҶǮڵĲˣǹÿ¶нСӹıϰҪǿܶ౶ˣҶԷǾûġ
ҳԱˣάߣȥɡԹ緹ҶƽĨĨ˰кάһš
֣ôֻˣ
Ҷ緹׼ȥʳǸ¿ͷ壬ûţӭߵҶƽ
С죬иͻҪ￴㶫С÷ȥ˼԰ˡ
Ҷƽ˵Ż˳պúҶ˸棬һʱסˡ
ɳгɣҶļǳĺãȻֻɳгһ棬Ȼһ۾ͼסò
㡭ǣ
ɳгҶϤ׺мͷȴһʱǲҶˣֻǸоԷԼĿӦǸҪ
ԷǲԼˣҶЦǺǵ˵ɳг˶£ȥУһ
ҶѺɳгһţӴҶ죿ԣôǸôСҶͷô£ԼȾģ
ʵҲɳгһгÿ춼ҪӴͬˣҶͷʹòҲЩı䣬ֲǺϤԵһ۾ûϳ
ɳгҶȴμסˣԭҶָ˰칫ҵķˮ֮һ꣬еˡ
˴۾ǣڷǳɳгȻгıԭһ֣ȴΪһЩ
ȻгɳԼܶʼնûҶڰ칫˵ĻȴǽҶ쿴Լ˴Ǩ󹦳
ɳгϵ׼лҶʱȴ֪Ҷѧؼҵ飬ԭίҲǺ
ȻһУɳгҲѯʹҶϢҶһֱû¶Ҳͽıɳгĵˡ
ǣҡ˵ɳôʶСģ
ҶɳһԻʱҶƽЩɵˣҶĻǰλǸʲôгЩ֪
ɳȥһ̨չĹأصĶһ㶼ڵģҶƽԷƬпյʱ䵽
ûλɳͦģղҶƽһžͽӵ˶Էĵ绰һĺԺӿڴǰһĻ
ɳҶƽȴһֻ֪ܴӶԷ̸УоǸݵˣڱһڽƣǷԼĲ²⡣
Ҷϰ壬Ǵˮһ˲ʶһ˰
ҶƽĻɳгЩŵЦǰһ§סҶļ򣬿˵СҶҸæһֱ뵱лţûҵᣬˡ
Ҷæ˵⵽ôһ°
ҶƽĺͿˣû뵽һֱԼǰֵΪֺưλɳгȻԶ˿һ˿ʾõ̬档


140 
Ҷϰ壬ӿǸ˰ȥʱɳĳһЩָ㣬ɳĳǳһֱ˵ҪҸллҶģֲڱˣãȥ˳⣬ҪúþСҶһ
ɳгΪҶƽ֪ӵأȻûҶָˮ¶˵ףҲûôҶ죬ɳ֮໹е㼤Ҫ֪¶ء
С׼ָ˿߿߷ˮȥˡ
ɳгĻҶƽﻹ᲻ףûص˶һۣϴѧǻҲô֡
ʵڶӵı죬Ҷƽ˭˽Ķ࣬һ뵽պҪǸое㲻Ҷô˵ǰҲǸŴ󻧣ôܽģҶƽо޹⡣
˵ˣǷˮʦе̫Ҷϵѧ黭ԴıҶƽԲȥʵġ
Ҷ쿴𱸵ֿ֪ʼˣ˵֣Ҫɳг̸𣿽ȥ˵ɡ
ԣԣɳʵڲ˼ˣ롣ôһѣҶƽǻعˣæкɳԺӡ
֣ɳ壬λţҳȥ¡
ҶԹûʲôȤøʱǸ׬ǮĨӵģÿμ̸⣬ҶǻܲӦõ뵽ǾйƷٵ
Ҷ죬ȥģ
Ҷ첢ûиɳҲվס˽ţԭȷҶƽո̨ڼҶ֮¶ûôҪˡ
ɳ壬ҶԹ治̫Ͳˣҵȥһ첻ߣͻþ
ÿϳԹΧŻʳǸתһȦЩѧѧؼҵˣ˸Ϲİ죬Ҷԣ̬Ũ˽ȥһֺܺõ顣
鰡Ҷϰ˵һ꣬ͷɳ㻹ء
Ҷ꣬ò׽ڼˣɳ׷ŹҶ죬ڽסҶ󣬿Ҷƽ˵ҶϰӦñҴ꣬ðĻҾͺҶˡ
ҵҶƽͺˣߣȽȥ˵Ҷƽؿ˶һۣ˵ȥˣһɡ
ӿչվ꣬ҶƽѾ˲ʮˣ֪зϵҪԣԼҲԹĿûʽĿüһЩԱ˵ĴȴûǮȥչװ׵˷ѵ˴õĻᡣ
׬ǮˣϸɵĶǿװǵĹִǮȻȥͶĿ׬ҺôҺãеùÿ˻˶һֻ֣ҪɣͲ˵µġ
Ȼ֪ɳгʲôгǸڹؼʱҲܰæģҶƽŵͨӽʶλɳг
ðɣȣҶԹɲɳ壬ҪǱҰˣɲ׼Һ˰ϰַˣҶ˵ͷ˶˺档
Сӣ첻ϷǰɣҶƽûؿ˶һۣ׻˵ɱֵӱӵãæں̨
Ǻǣ汾ǿټٵ˭ֵܷأ
Ӷ˵ĶԻɳеȤӡеҶ죬Ǹ࣬Ǿ䶼˵ҪˣһƺԿ͸ļصĸоǰҶ죬Ȼ࣬ȴǸкˡ
˵ˣɳгǷ̨Ǽ٣Ĳôں͵ǸţոȤ̸Ǯδ̫˵㣬˵ǸģǲǼĺͳƱ򽻵ĵط
ҶƽЩҲĥ˵ʳɳ˶쵼Ǵĺ֣һ⽻ãһ֮ⲻھƣ仰򣬵һ㣬Ҷ̾硣
·ʱҶƽĴ㣬æ˵㣬˸ͣϴΰնҳɡ
үǰųȥģôһˣ̫̫һ䣬û˵ʲôӻķȥܷܵڲҶȥˡ
ĺԺڶ࣬ס٣кüӶҶƽ˹ղңʮӸĸ͵ĹŶ
ҶƽĻˣڴϵѧֻ֮ŶղҲȤЩ֮ûܷƣΪһЩõƷҶƽ֮߸УӲƷ϶ԣҶƽ⼸ڹڵǼղؼҡ
ɳг⣬ǹҵĴ֮һǹŴʿִĵ֣䶼䱦ģóȥû񣬶Ǳӵ顭
ӵܣҶƽǽһȦεܣϰ˸ֿʽĹŴ̨ѾֽëʵķþߣĿжƮһīζ
˵Ҷƽóⷽ⣬ǲ÷ӳϿӶ⣬Щ佳˴ʹ۴̨ȣⷽǱȽϺļƷ̨ˡ
ɳгҶĳڱʱ䲻ľǸԲԼժƵ飬̨ⷽø˭ȥǼٵģҶĳԸһʮ
ɳⷽⷭȥĲ鿴ȴǳٳû˵ҶƽΪǰλǸмңʲô覴أⷽдеʹùһ˸˽ӡ棬Ҷƽ˵˴󻰡
Ҷﻰ˵һܲⷽҪˡ
ҪɳгЩߺʹ涨ǾҪ˵͹棬Ǵͨϡһϲͨøճ̨Ƕ⣬ɳг˵Ҳˡ
ղ֮ԳȻôҶ쿪ڣ̨飬ѾôҪˡ
ɣɳгȻôˬ죬̨ⷽٱʮǮߡ
ɳĻҶƽϲ̨ⷽǰһưܵŵڼģʱ⻧˼ҵүȥֵַּңЩΪġá˦̫̫
̫̫ҲЩȣǮҶƽŻ˷֣Ҷƽ˵ĺü춼û˯žڹղع˲࣬ʼûϼܣҶƽһֱڡ
ֻҶƽʼϲǣ仰һڣɳгɫ˰˵𰡣Ҷ磬⻰˵ģȻǺѾռ˱ˣôü۰Ͱ֮ǰ˵õģһڼۣʮ顣
⡭⡭ɳгɳĻҶƽЩɵۣô⣬ǵһμı˵ġ
ˣʲôгҶҽУгƺǺŪ˵ģԼˣҶϵܾСҶƽδ䣬ͱɳϵˣһ뽻öԷԺ⣬һȴͨӰͽӣȻƺͼ۸Ͻˡ


141 ߾ȹ
ʮǮͨ˶ԣȷһʲСˣɳ治ʲô
ĹڽгʵʱڣıȽܶжʵгƣҵͻгһЩʵԵĽΪһеʵȨгɳĲҪ̰ܻ߾ԸֶεõǮ
ҶƽǮ飬ɳгҲžͰҶƽ֮ǰļ۸ССҶ飬¹ͻأⷽļ۸ᵽʮ
Щ˻߻˵λɳгɵûôˡ
ʵɳһ㶼ɵһְĹԱǲŸ߲㣬һЩԳΪŻߵϰߵڴڡ
ȻЩδؾͶ÷ˮ԰칫ҵװ޺εİڷţᰴԼϰʶΪΪԼǨЩԱ͵͵ȥߵҸָԽĳЩȦﲢϡ档
ֻͷƭ̫࣬ܶɷġˡʵЩթƭǮƵĴƣҶ첻ͬġָ㡱ɳгѾõ˷ġرŲҶ졣
ǰĶΪǮǱִ£ҶеЩЦڸ׺ɳ˼Ƕۻ֪Ц˵֣ɳһ⣬ͱȥˣ˵̨治ʦûܸ㵽һȷʵҲֵǼǮ
ᵽʦҶ첻ЩȻˣϵҲһķıһǾƷ̶ȿҲǰⷽ⣬Ҷƽ¶Ӷ˼üԼĲƷҶԻҶ춼ûͬ⡣
ǳɣҲĥߴˣͰɳϵ˵İɣԺŪҸϵš
Ҷôһ˵ھеҶƽϷӦ˹ԷӶˣǿڶӵϣŸǸ۸ȥǻɳгоѿġ
ãҶ磬Ƕҿɾװ
ҶԼ飬ɳϲҶƽڣһϵ̨ͷŵŵİУȻӿڴͳһпϣ˵Ҷ磬⿨һǮҪȥһ°ɣһ
ãһŲɳϵ𣿡
ҶƽԻҪԷԼһȥת˵ģϾͷƭʲô廨ŵֶζʹȴһ㶼ûɳݣΪܲᴮͨƭԼӰɣ
ҶƽĻɳгҡҡͷ˵Ҷ磬ҪֵˣûȥǮȻٰҴɡ
ɳ֮ԼҶƽȥҲԼ˼ҪҶ죬ҶƽɳгЩĨҶ̡
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Ȼô꣬ʣҶƽԶԶ촦¹ϵɳûᵽɳгǾ仰塣
ȿȡ
ɳԶʱЩЦãȿ֮üͷ˵Ҷ磬̫ã⡭ҲϹذ
Ҷ춼ɳг˼ˣ¿Ҷƽ˵֣ͳȥɣҲˣɳڼԶٷˡ
ǡðɣɳϵźȻ裬ȥǮ˳˻
ŶӲԼʹɫҶƽ˹˼ҴглԶ˵ȴԸԼ
߳ĺԺ󣬿峿ӰӣҶƽһʱȻЩ㱣ʱǸֻõƤĶӣȻԼˣԸϻ˵ֺء
ҶƽȥҶ۾ɳгЦ˵ɳ壬Ҫ˰ɣ
ɳ֮Ҷ͹۲࣬ɾŴͷĶͷ͹ʾ˼ǿƣĺǴ⡣
ȿȣС죬ϴ£һֱ˵Ҫллģ˼ûϢ
ҶĻɳһϲȴֳԸҶ˼䣬½٣ɳҶǰԼһæղǮʾãδؾֲĹ
ɳ壬֮Ͷѣ̫ϵġҶЦɳ˵ƼǿʹûԼǼ仰Ҳҵһ˳ģҶֻǽƶΪ֮ˡ
ǿɲɣɳܲܿǷ⺢Ӱɡ
ɳҲûôлҶźʣ˰˵ţ¶Ժ˵С죬ʶרư׷ѷҽҪȥ
Ȼ֪ҶϾʲô£ɳԿ϶ҶԲϲԵΪͷġ
Ǻǣɳ壬ҽͲˣҵĲ֪ľκáҶҡҡͷϵ˷ˮ֮⣬ͨľҪҽˣڶʱڶ޷ʲôҽˣҶԸҪЩǿϼ֡
С죬óȥ˰˵Ż⴫˴õ
Ҷ죬ҿǻǳȥ԰ɣ鷳ˡɳæվҪǱЩһʮϰһͨ˿Իһ۾
飬ڼ԰ɣҴղ˺ܺóԡ
Ҷҡҡͷûɳг飬ÿ춼øʳҩЩ̲ҶкôЩ棬ǿǮԲġ
ɳ壬ǲ˰
ȵߺҶЦЦĿɳڷǼ鼴ɳгݺ͵λʵûҪԼ˵ģڳǰ⸱̬϶ˡ
ȿȣҶ죬ǡġ
ȻҶУɳߵſҿһۣ˵Ҷ죬ܻһ䶯㡭ҿǷһ˳أ
𰡣ɳ壬⻰ҿɲҵȰ˵ɣ⻹һĨڰ
Ҫ˵ɳˣҲˣ¹Լǰ;ȻܶҶ˵Ƥĺڳ̶ȣʹҶҲЩԲˣǵ͹ˡɳ塱ľġ
ҶĻɳҲûµˣżɽ˵Ҷ죬ģ֤ҪһЩĸĸҪһɲȥҲѡ֮ڣ㡭ɳܹȥ𣿡
ԭϸ£ٿȫڹ飬ȫ֤ȯƽиĸ˳֤ȯƣԵط֤ȯܲʵдֱ쵼ԭйм֤ܵȯӪй֤ͳһܡ
Ϣͨɳϲ֤ᣬڲ֮ΪԺֱҵλһ֤᲻ְȨ漸ʵְŵ쵼ܹһ
ɳԣٵջԶԶҪڷƣֻոս֧гʱ䣬Ҫֵе㲻ʵڵ֪Ϣĥ˸߾ȹ


142 һ
һ˵ԺֱҵλɲҪƵһ
ɳ겻ʮ꣬Ѿ൱ĸɲˣһĻպطչŲɹİ
Ǩ裬ɳгٻҪా꣬пһӾְλˣ˻ᣬܲȥȡһµġ
ֻεľڼңܶ˶˸ֹϵԴ뼷ȥɳȻҲЩϵʵûףҪȻҲƵȥѯҶϵͳһ֪ˡ
СҶ㡭㿴ɳл𣿡
ҶɳгЩСؿʵЩ¼һʮгģԻһؾƬ
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Ҷϸؿ˿ɳ࣬üͷȻһ£˵ɳ壬棬ǲСʲôɣ
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ΪҪǣɳгļѪܸ¶ʾʱԼ֮⣬϶Ůˡ
νšָľ˵̫Ѩ֮ˣԴ俴һ˵Ե飬Щ˽ҵˣ۴һ͹Եġ
ҶϴμɳʱûҵɹһҲˡ
ʲôʲôʲôɳһ£ȴûиҶЩֿڵĻ
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ҶԿһɳ壬ǡûŮˣ
ҶڻǸأ˵飬Щ˼ģɳҶոһ¶Ӱ켫Ҷ첻ܲѯʡ
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ҶĻɳһӱˣҪǸѯʴ£ɳгںпΪ
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ȿȣСҶ⡭£УɳҲǷ곡Ϸ㡭Ҳ֪
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⼸ڱȦаСۣһЩ˾ϰҵĹԱҪǲμһЩۻ֮ĳ߲ƯŮˣᱻΪûġ
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Ҷ˵ͣס죬֪ɳԼ˼˵ˣһɲģһ飬仯
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⡭⣬СҶ㡭˵ĵ棿ҶĻɳһͷðϸϸĺ顣
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ҶƽɳҶ̸Ĳˣպ˲˽ĺԺţӭɳ
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Ҷϰֽһ䣬תղǸ󣬲һ£Ϊɳߵ̫ǷʮǮ̨Ȼ˷
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ҶЦЦ˵֣ɳ廹ģʱ͵ˣ⼸£ˡ
ⶼʲô°
ҶƽɵؿҶ죬εҡҡͷ˶ӵĻѾӰͳַֻ˻ȥ
֣ҳȥ˰
ҶҲϰֽͣʩʩȻĳȥתˣÿڻʳǸȥ۲Ϻ˵࣬ҶҲѵõ顣
һʱ䣬ҶȻظ֮ǰڶѵõݰ
ÿĩʱҶ춼һΣһǴССʤȴǶҶ߱ˡ
Ҷ죬ҿɲ뵱ߣҪҲѧɣһ𿪸Сꣿ
ҶĺԺĺԺУһϣͷһ֦ҶïĴȵļԵñ
žҪȥʵϰˣʵϰλҲȷǺܶ˼Դӣֻȥ˼죬ž͸оЩᷳˡ
ʲô갡ҶЦֻռ߷ˮѲԺȥȥСţ
ʲôСţҶ죬ں˵˵ǰɣСӾǷʰ
һſԺҶƽպҶĻЩֵʵһ糺ģʱ˹
ҿʲôûɰ֣ǲпŰҶ֪ƤЦŽˡ


143 Ÿл
Ҷ죬Ҷ壬һѧУ˰
пҪվȻҶѾȷϵסѧУģҶĹϵҲǺܡࡱġ
С㲻ҪߣǸͬѧҲġ
Ҷƽ˰֣˵ղϰ绰ŮɳгҪһɡ
ͨҶĹϵҶƽҲѣͨȦȥ˲ٹ棬֮ô˼԰վסţһΪԼǱˣİģҲǺҪء
ʱɳгȻæʱʱҲǻҶƽͨ绰ҽ˼˺ü棬ҶƽƵģ˿ɶǿӵӲŻ˵ġ
ʼʱҶƽоЩϰߣӵҪӣʲô°ʱ䳤ˣҲֻܽʵܲΪӵģЩưɣ
֪ˣ֣һȥˣǶŰɣθɳȥ
ҶͷӦλг˵Ҳ೾䶨ˣӦþǱлˡ
ӵĻҶƽһ£˵Ҷ죬ͷЩҪǮư
Ҷƽʱڱõ˵İĶָ࣬±ףҲǰԼˣٽӱ˵ǮǾԵЩˡ
֣ҲҪûҶƽ˵Ҷ˵ӲҪңҲû취ġ
СӣΪԼǸˣҳȥҶƽûص˶һۣҪδϱҲ⣬˵ҪʹµӵȨˡ
Ҷ磬סط濴ɽ¶ˮȴǱж찡
վڴլµʮӣɳǶ滹Ŷأһģ
ȻСĺԺģסǾɽǱߵĺԺǰʱ򣬾ƶڣ͹ʹΧĺԺȫһϡ
ϵܣɳгﴫլӣװһ¶ѡҶƽϿ˼䣬ȴмֵɫ
ĺԺװޣſڵһ޺ԺһɽҶרŽڷź޽ģ඼Ҷƽһֲٰġ
˵լӴ濴ۣǽ뵽棬Сˮɽͤ鿺ĺԺĽΪϵڡˡϣһֺʵĸо
Ҷ磬ԺУ飬׻˵լ⣬ͥﰲǰһ䡣
ˣЩҶĵģҿɲĻҶƽЩЦãôǸʶӵˣҪĨǵĿ佱һ°
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ǰǵЩĺԺڹ滮򵥣ˮϵͳƣÿҶǳѬ죬Ӱ쾩׶ò
δļڣЩϾƵĺԺĽִסլԺ󱱾ĺԺԽԽٵġ
Ӿб֮Ҳ𽥵˳ѵʱȴĥǵĶַزг˴Ҷ죬ҲռԵ˼档
ĻҶ˵ͷ˵û⣬壬ĺԺɴǹҹŴˮ֮ɣסط½ӵ¥ǿˣҪǮҶԱߵһԺӸء
סլؾҪĹܾ磬ңĬʹ˵˽뾫С
լݲҪ̫ߣʢ̫࣬ʢ࣬ǣ˻꣬
ĺԺͰЩˮҪصһҪ
ֻҶƽҵ⴦լӣֻǸĺԺڿռƣܶˮ޷ãҶŽԱߵԺӸγһĽĴլԺ
߻ĺԺ˽ףټϼʹڣһĺԺļ۸ҲҪʮ򣬾ŵҶƽòǮ
һĺԺĲ֣߽˴õ᷿ǺŶ㵽Ժȥ˵Ļˣʵϰ䵽˾̨ȴжûһˡ
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ҶǰƸͲģҶһ˵Ʈݳʣȴǲɫ֮䣬ɳϵƻĸɸɾ
Ҷ죬Ѿгˣϸʽ뵽֤ᣬй˾ĿԼڶԽг١
ɳ֮䣬͸һβסϲ⣬֤һСĸ鳤ȻͷûгֱӴһ֮ȫĽг֮ȨȴԶˡ
ǽڹҶ֤ȯƱгĸĸְ֤Ȩей˾Ҫܵǵļܡ
ǰɳг˶ҪֵЩ̽ǣȴǷת˹ɳֱȸĸУߵﶼǰӵޡ
Ǻǣɳ壬ǿҪϲ
Ҷϲû¶ʲôɫ֮ǰѾָɳĶ̴û취ֲĻҲֵԼȥעˡ
Ҷ죬ε飬Ҫлл㣬ȻɳΣҪԸͷˡ
ɳ˵ʱϻ¶һ˿µ飬滹ŶҶĸмû˱Ĺ̺еˡ
ɳҲǸоϵˣϴҶҸ󣬽һڵʱ䣬Ͱ˸λѧ˷İ
ɳհԼƨɲɾĵ죬һмͼ첿ɵĵ飬ɳڵУ˾ٱɳг縯ܵ˵顣
˶ڹˣȻҲ鲻ʲôɳҲˣʹ֮£Ǹɳг˸ԺõĳЩ͵ʴס
ƽϢ֮ɳҶҸ棬һ亹֮󣬸Ǹмη֮ģҪ˵һָԼְɺϣһΣȴʵʵɳ
Ҷ죬ĻɳҲ˵ˣſãպʲô飬ֻҪɳܰ쵽ģԲ˵֣
Ҷ΢һǰʱ䷢ɳӿڴͳһпҶǰ


144 ѯ˾
ɳ壬ǣ
ǰпҶһɻ̧ͷȻҶ֪ſԭ򣬵ԼҪ˸лĻɣ
Ҷ죬ʮǮɳһ⣬һҪ°˵ˣеİҲΥͣȡҲӦõġ
һǰһμҶʱɳĻǰŰɵģֱгı󣬲
ҶǴ֮ʧˣɳҲЩˮеˣ⼪׶ԶһЩ͹صҲ֪

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ϵҶԷˮһѧ֪ǰࡣ
Ȼϴβɹˣѭϲ̬ÿ˶޷ģҶȴǲóȻȥֺõˡ
Ͼ˶ҪԵʵӢ۸Ҳǻһ
ҶҲǴ⣬ֻҪϲʹҶƽͼùϣҶ춼ֵģԼûʲôɳˡ
ףֻСѣҶԲѴ֮ȻɳУȴѾֶˡ
ӦģⶼӦӦֵģҶ죬ʲôҪɳæ𣿡ҶпɳЦݣҲ˿
ȻͷٳеľǷ飬Ҷ죬ɳȴ򲻸ңҶ첻Ǯ治֪ʲô취ȥˡ
˵ˣܽôɳĳԺ;ǻһ˳
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壬ϻеǮͷˣһڵġҶЦҡҡͷ⻰˹ȥ
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ռԾһ԰һЩ˸ıԼ˳̣ҲǺģҶ÷ˮ÷ˮ׬ǮҲһ¡


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Ҷϰһ̶ֳ֮꣬ȵԪɣǿ׻⣬Сʱڴϸ졣
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Ҷ֮ǰܾĺ⣬Ҳǲ뵽е֮У˾֮ǰҶ˾乫˾ϰ嵽Աһˡ
Ҷ׼ڹ˾ɫ֮ԼͰĺԺҸطȥס޷ЩҵԪӰ֮ǰҶᾡٺͼ˵
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146 ҵϣ
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ܵĻڿźͬҶæҡҡͷʲôЦƽ׵İ칫¥ÿ½һǧٿǮ𣬹Ѷ֧ġ
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УҶǩ־ͿˣԺʲôҪĶģֱҡҶĻ󣬳Ҳû˵ʲôԺҰ칫һ𣬻ûʱҶ׽
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վҶԵ˸ȴóȷҶݣ׷ˣ϶ľųλӵܡ
ų̬ȣҶЦЦҲû˵ˮбнһ˵ԼһޱܼȻԸᣬǾȥˡ
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ллллɳΣԺ쵼ָ㹤
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˾װ޵Ųٰ죬ӪҵִɳҶϰģȴǺһûʲôԵı仯
ȻҶҲûţʦµЩ˵ֻõդһѺȥװһһ¾ͻҶ콫ǮҲҶ¹˾һʿ֧ˡ
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ȻͨĲţҲҶĳ˷Ҽװ˵ͼֻҪз紵ݶõļϾӦ
ӼǰǾͿʼֹȼűˣ̼ҿҵȻҲӦİ취ø¼žıȻ
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ŴſһŵĻ͹֤ȯ˾Ա߱ڸסĹ˾ңҶһĿЦ


147 ҵ£
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УͿڱֲ۲ƷָοǽȥԿҵҶ첢Ǻ⡣
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Ҷղת˰죬򵽺üĪ֣ûףԼǸʲôйӰЭйʲôôɵûʹù
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йȻзˮʦΪ̧۹Ū飬ĳ϶ԣȴΪ˹ǴװƱ仰ʵڷˮеˡ
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ֱ˿̣û˲³Ҷҹ˾Ӫҵʣһŵ¥һ뵽ҶĹ˾ʱ͸о˲֮ͬ
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ôһΪִİ칫¥֮мֳ޴ķʱ˶ʯˡ
ܣ⳪һһվߵϰ壬̲סѯ
ǰطȻ⾿ʲôİԭ֮е˶Ӧ˹ǽĿͶϡ
Ҳˣ˵λǰе˸ͷ飬´Ҷ֪İɣ
֪ܣǲо𣿺ʲôϵ
ǰʱ֤ȯгԿĿɲһ˰
ˣǺ˽ܵģҵЩ¶ҲָƣĻһ
ȿȡ
ɤӣ˵ע֮󣬴˵λֻ֪һ֪ʱ֮ܰȫǰҶҶܵİûҶܣڻڹء
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148 
ҵ̣ʹľųЩϰ֮УҲľߴɫʵġ
洫ĺԺСڵ̯۵ĵһʲƸȻǰ壬ȫҽȥ˹ʵүһӴʽ
ڹʱǹעһǾĶǣֱӷ˼ƫƫھۻع֮ǰˣҲǳϯǵĽΣ
ȻڵǰЩ͵˺ܶ࣬Ϥ˶֪ľųǼḺ́󣬶ϰӰӣ۵ĲƸԱȵڹ˷˵ʱֻ಻١
Ҳоķʷ˵óһõĽ֮⣬
Ըղ⼸ĳɾͣ鹦ǰ˵ϣ϶¶𾪵ɫ
ˮһ˵ũ弫Ϊʢ֮⣬ȦҲкܶ˶ӴģʹЩϰǲţΪİڹ˾ҵʱҲ˸鿴һ
ղǷһ˵ڣڵЩˣҶݣνĻѯʹ˾ʵǹͷ⣬˿߷ˮĹ˾
Ƭ֮һʶʮϰ忪˵㡭㲻ǿЦɣ
ǰЩɲǿЦġɣϾ˸ˡ
ȻľųǵĳЩȦˮָլǹ˾ķˮЩ˽Ϊ˴Ҷ죬˾Ǻѽܡ
ҶҰͷݣЩôţǰҶܣȻλ˵еġˡߡʦ
λǶʮˣҵΪǻ֪Ҳǿڶ꽻ķϣôʶҶܣλ벻ţû취ˡ
˵ɺҲЩΡ
Щ˵ʱҲ뵽һ㣬飬˶в޵ģֻҪмԸҲܸҶ⡣
ܣôо²̫װ
ǰҲ̫ˣȥҴλʦǷŽһɷ簡
ûб²֪ضõĲûǸ缸ԹȺȲġ
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Ҷ쿴ΣҲֻܳ˵ˣЩûгΪĿͻҪҪǶʲôõĿҶЩⲻȥˡ
λϰ壬˵ҶҶĳҵǶȶԣλҲǰ
ҶĻó˺Сû汾£Ϊ˵ǺǫѷģҶĻȴϱɫ
׵СӲţΪһĵʮˣȴǿָλһġ
Ҷ˵ߣȴǿóÿ˶ƽȵ֮Уʾһǿš
Ҷܣ⻰е˰ɣҲʶλеĴʦҲ˵Ļ
ڳЩˣľųҲͷģ±һСӳ˵ָ㣬϶ЩҲסƢõˣѾǳԳ
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Ҷ֪Լ̫ᣬЩţҪóЩ汾ˡ
Ҷ컰һ䣬ղɵ˵ãҶˬ죬ǾͰĳ˿Σ
ҶЦЦ˵ãҲɡ
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⼸ʹڵľòǺܺã֮෴ǣƷгȴǳֳ˱ʽ黭гƵƵƷ
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Ǻǣʦʹǧʿаʯɽ˶Ǻѣ͸ʦģʦ𻯣Ҳʹҡ
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λֵˣһģ˵дֱϣһǧֶϾˣǾǺཻĪ֮
Ĳ˵ƾŴǧ֣ҶеĴѾǼˣҶʦҪûмʵѧᱻŴǧдۣ
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Ȼ֪Ŵǧ黭ҵλˣҲô֪ˮʦ֮ˣ֮٣Ҷ˵ĶԻ˶ûʲôرķӦ
λҶ֮ȴЦ˵ֱϣһǧ𣿺ٺ٣ôĿҶܣȰҿɡ
á
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ܵ˵ͷĿȴǿе˼˵Ҳ֪ˣߵҶ졣
Щŭ˵㿴ҸﰡҶǲһȦˣҿû˵Щ
ܣ֪˾ʽϵ飬ĸλ֪֪أ
Ҷ˰֣赭дһ仰ȴλ͵վһŵӣָҶ죬˵㡭ô֪ģ
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ƺ۹⣬ȴֲ࣬ϯ޵Ľڷ籩Ӱ켫󣬺ܶó˻ȴûյһǮĻؿ
ڵϰ忴ŷ⣬ʵڲǽǽҶԣھһ廨ͷпá


149 
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ϰԼղһֻôʽ᳹׶ѣҲ޷άϵַˡ
ǸǰҲ㲻ⲻǻֵ𣿡
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־Ҳаû˰ɣЦһ
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ʱæǽͷö֪
Ļ־һ£̶˼ؿҶ죬ɵ˵ѡѵ㿴ģ
һԣɹʿԸ񣬶Ϊִ׼ѱı䡣
־ʼͶҶ첻ΪȻǵ˴ʱ˿̣ҲˣΪϸ˾˱ʵ飬û֪ģϾȦӶһˡ
ܣȥӦóһγɣ
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ҶĻ־ǰưʧˣһֽ̿Ͱ͵˵ҶҶܣҶʦǡҡҪôܻⰡ
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־ڶȼٴһڣصʱҲˣҶԸˡ
ŪԼ߱˵ԭҲ˲ˣǴŰںҶ˵ˣӺĸҪϰ㼸Ӿѡ
⣿
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Ҷ컰δ䣬ھ˹ղŷһĻ˶ҶҲȤ˵Ĳ԰
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Ҷ۽Ƴ˵ܣȰϴŵǸѻѪʯȡɣڱģǵȻ̸
ⶫнҶĻϵһժ
Ҷ˵ͷӹǴһ£˵ѻѪʯҲкˮȻԱаɷղͬҲǿ˵һ˵ģƼǿⶫ
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ҶܣǲǲͺˣСؿҶ졣
ֻһأǵȻ̸
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Ҷ֪Щҡˣʵ̫ᣬְ취˵ƴȥҲû˻ռԵġ
Ҷʳ⻰֮󣬳ھȻԭмԾԾԵˣվ˿ܣ˻ȥ


150 
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ÿ˶Լ˽˭Ҳ־ǰ㣬Լ˾ʵ¶ǰȻһѵȴûԸĿ֮Ҷ쿴ռˡ
Ҷʦ˽̸̸𣿡
˺һᣬ˿˵λҲ̲סˣҪ֪ڿ⣬ʵ˾ҲˣżҶҵİ취
Ҷܣҵ⻹ûء
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Ҷ˵ŻվһȦ֮˵Щ֪һˮеĹأУһ㶼ȱһΪݡҶĳÿֻԣֻһηˮλҪѯԤԼ
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⣬ʲô°ֵ˳һøôϸǷ顣
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Ȼ˵ټľųǾûзˮˣЩ˶û㿪Ӫҵֻ˽ºСȦѡ
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лгĻҶһᣬ˵ͷ˵ãлгЭݣҪæƶһ£ЩҪܵĵط
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Ȼ˵Ҷ´ˣ׵ҪȴҲǼ׵顣


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壬˵ʲôһҪллء
ҶЦȷЩ֮⣬ҲӰҲǰʦһ˰ɣ
ҶĻǷԿտİ칫ңҡҡͷ˵Ҷ죬⹫˾Ӵ˶ûУͷҰŸԱȵæɡ
ɣҪи壬¶鷳ˡ
ҶͷӦͦãÿһοˮԼȫӦùֻû뵽ҵһ֮ãû˰ǲС
Ҷܣϲ˾ҵæһ磬ڲųʱ䡭
Ҷһ˸ոµһ¥ӭ֤ȯ˾λܣæʲôĶѾ͵ˡ
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152 ɷϣ
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ƤһûпǮȵȫȡ̲סеСӻ㰡ȥûСʱʮ⡭еҲ߯׬Ǯ˰ɣ
ıȻЩţĵȴǺ𾪵ģûǮˣԼӵڵңʮû
ԼҶʱΧΧȹԼСﳴأһ׬ٰʮ鶼Цвۣ޷Ҷȡ
ʶҶܸϰǽѣ͸ӿˣʲô⣬дѵĵġ
룬ҶЦЦ˵壬Ǯô׬ģ˵Ԫأ˵ˣеģȥ⡣
׻˵Բ㼺ҶĲ뵽һЩ鵱Уͻᵼңܶ鶼޷ݳԳԷˮзˣһ㶼漰֮еġ
ˣ壬ղʲôأҶ˻⣬̸ЩǶţ٣Լ˵ԷҲġ
Ӫҵ밡
ᵽʱ˫۷Ź⣬ֱߵһֽߵҶǰ˵Ҷʦָ㣬׬˶Ǯ
ˣͱ٩ˡҶЦһҪǱ£ʲô˾ֱȥǱŲƱн͵ˣ
Ҷ˵ʵ⼸ҿʼмͲƱҶǰˣͷһռһԣȻİٿǮһŲƱ
˭֪ŲƱοԿ׿۶ûУԱߵһֵʮɣɣҲáҶʦˣ㲻Ķء
С׬ǮٶȿɲƱġ
ҶĻҲЦеֽŵҶǰ˵ʮ򣬽һ˶ʮǧǮлгεĸʮ쵽ˡ
⡭һһ׬һٶ򣿡ֺҶҲһ
Ҷ첻ûԪ⣬ؼǴֻǮȼü֮ģȴ˾ĿоȻǲһˡ


156 Ǯ
Ҷ죬ҪЩ˻ڹࡣ
ָָͳƵҶŷ֣˶ѡ⼪ףҲǮһεҵֻһԤԼġ
Ҷ˵ҲûνջѾ㹻ʢˣϰô⣬Ϲ̶ʲҲ͸ңԼһ׬ء
СӣҪúҶһ١
һٶȻǿۣҶƵֶκٶȣȴЩľڲԺľųҪָ¹ˡ
ϰ忴ÿ֧1200Ǯ֮⣬ҶҲûκεĶ⿪֧׬ǮΪ
ȻҶ֪뷨϶Էġ
ˮ£׷ȱҲ̸ǶԪɣ͹δҶһˡ
壬Щ˲ͼʣԺδôõ⡣
Ҷ쵹ǺѣЩʵҵϰ嶼־ᶨ֮Ǳոеķ׷ԤԼռǻͷʹǮҲδŵġ
ˮ͹֮˵֮ͨвޡ
ҶĽǶ⣬Ǹǿ⣬ǿȻ˵ϰа֣һɷûа취ġ
һЩμӹսϱʢʹ꣬һɷ޷壬ȻͲŹˡ
㲻ѾƳһڱȻѰŵġ
ЦŰ˰֣һ֮˵һ˿϶ƽʱҪǳȥŵĶûУҿ㻹ȥиɡ
Լ˾Աϰ࣬Сһ֮󣬴ΪҶǸƣ˵ʲôͬ⡣
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ҹȥ˲гתתɣи׾ԵģҲҲܺͱ˽˵һ
˾ҶǱϰּԵû취ټͷȷеܲ˵ľͿ
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ĸӿڵС귢ּ˳СŶͷǧΪûǮˣڸǰˣͰһڡ
壬ȵȡ
Ҷ캰סѾߵԼǺƤóһǮ˸ӵĺװһǮ֮ʣµǮһݸ
ЩҶݹĺǮʵҶ죬Ǹ
壬ô˰æҪ˼һ
ҶЦЦͻ콭һ̧ˣԼ֣Ըһ㲻ʾĻǾǲˡ
ˣ˵ү𣿡Ǯȥ
ǿɲС
Ҷ첻ɷ˵ĽǮ˵壬ֳĺʡ鷳ˣٺ٣߰ɣҲˡ
ҶٶȻһĲȴǺã治֪ҶССͣΪʲôôʣ
СҶܸĺллҶܣ
֮Ҷװ˵ĺӸǸСԱݣȻɳҶǮԼ顣
ллҶܡĺȣŮ¶Цݣæһ쵽ڶûܻؼҵԹȫûˡ
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ҶЦŰ˰֣һͷҰͷ۵ӣǱһ˵С۾һƺϰĽҲԿµģ
ˣסҶ죬غ߰ɡĻŮеʱȥֻһΣղס͹ֲñˡ
Ҷƽʱ˵ɽլȥˣҶ㷹֮صĺԺ˭֪ѾΪˡ
ڶҶյ˾ͱһҹû˯õ־ˣû취˯Ű⽫˾̻ϣɶڡҶʦˡ
Ķ־˾ķˮ֣Ҷ˵һ׾ٵ顣
Ǯ׬˻˼޵ģҶ־Ĺ˾æ˴죬ǧлĸмлصԼĹ˾
־ҲܹȻ˾δɫ͸ҶʮǷһºǮ
Ҷ쵹νˮʦǲ˵ģʱתͬҲùʷϵ˷ˮʦˣòûк³ġ
ص˾ſѾˣҶ⼪׵ģ˰Сʱʱ䣬ҶǽЩƽʱҪܵ飬Ҳͽ˸ˡ
Ȼʶ˾ԱҶʵûȥ˲гΪЩϰǵԤԼһֱʮԺ
Ȼܶ࣬ƽ̯ʮϣ֣ᷢߵǺٵģҶռԵЩϰǣʮа˾ӹĶǺ˳ĵġ
ȵЩϰҶڵļ֮ҶͻȻ֣Լһ±ûҪԱˡ
ɽôʱ䣬ҶҲ͵סįģǮ̨ԣû¾ڹ˾ɨ׻ֽϷ
Ĺ˾ʵϰĵ̨ܽÿ쵽ӣҶгȥ°࣬ӹĵǺ˳ġ
Ҷ죬طȺȲ嵹ǲ˾˷˰ɸء
ڶӵĹ˾Ҷƽ˵ĽǼٵģ۵ƵĴɽص˱Ȼֶӿ˹˾Ҷƽʱһ˵ζ
ҶƽҲǿˣԼʮ⣬»治ӿװǮ죬ڶʱ׬˶ǮҶƽûȥʡ
Ҷƽ˴ˣŸո̰֮⣬ҲûһţΪӵ
Ҷνһ߽ĵɨϷһ˵֣࣬겻ţųꡣ
ӵɪӣҶƽû˵СӾʹɣһ춼ûһ⣬ⷿô
ٺ٣ϰ֣ǾͲҪˡ
ҶСͺ˸²ͼ˵ƢԣҶƽȻ޵Ҳ֪Ӷͳ
ҶܣҶʦҶʦ𣿡
⸸ĵʱſͻȻһߺҶ߳ڼһʱˣܣģϲ°
־ǰЩʱѪ˿ίٵȣܽ࣬͸¶βסϲ⡣
ҶʦͬϲͬϲǮˡ
־Ҳûϻ۵һеһƤҶǰһŷºľϡ


157 ͵
Ҷɻ־һƤ˵Ҷʦһʮһֲ٣ҪҪ㣿
ôţתˣ
ҶЦ־Ҳ⼸Ҫʱתˡ
ҶƵǣЩƺϲпʮƵֽҹ±֪ûǮƵġ
Ҷ첻֪һʱڣľųǵǮϲϷǣÿһƤǮҸͷȥһβŵĵ˫˭Ӯ˭ͰǮߣǰλϰ壬ɹ顣
Ҷ죬ô°λǣҶƽΪ⣬Ҳں˳
֣ҵһͻ˵ġ
Ҷ˵ûа־ܸ׵˼У˶Ӵ˭֪żһ£᲻۵أ
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Ҷ˵ʱҲмֵɫϰָղŲǻ˵Լûת۾Ǯˡ
ˣǮ
Ҷƽ˵ŻѾƤƳһۣʱ۾ЩֱˣȻƤڴ򿪵Ĳ󣬵һոµĳƱ
Ҫ˵ϱĲ֮ͬ¾Ϸ׵ʱ򣬶ϲתˣ˸ϲֽʵʵڵĳƱܴ̼˵
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ҶɣС־ҸҶʦѯãһʮҡҶƽҶʦĶԻܺ˼һᣬôƺ
ϰҶĸҶʵǹᣬá˼ҡƺҶġ

Ҷƽ־зסˣðβŷӦ˹űԼҲС˼־˵ܣܻƺұճ꣬Ҷ͹ˡ
ðɣҶ磬λöӰ
־ղǲռҶıˣź˲ĳƺҶƽĻ˿ڣ˭ҲԸƽ޹ʶү
ϵܣ⵽ôһ°ҶʲôˣҪôѯѣ
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Ҷƽʻ־̾˿һе
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˵Ҳ֣Ҷİ칫²ùˮ֮׷ծ˾Ȼˣһִ־ʽ𣬽ȼü֮
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һ־Ĺ˾ǳ̻ˣҸͷѾЩκϰ壬˼֮󣬾ͽԼת˵Ĺͣ鹦ˡҶʦϡ
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Ҷ죬⡭Ӱɣ
־ؽߺҶƽɫЩ֪࣬Ҷ쵱ΪԪܵ˺
ҶܴϰֵĻŨŨĹУЦҡҡͷ˵֣Ӱ첻󡣡
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ͣ²̫ܣԺҪ͵һЩˡ
ҶκܷûзϰֵĻŤ־˵ܣε飬ͲҪˡ
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ʵҶûôżĻȫѡɳߵ֣Լ͹ϵչġ
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ҶԿЦһָָͷ˵ܣľųǰ׻˵ǹͷῴΪй©ⱨӦɣ
ҶĵıӦ֣˻ֻеһЩУǾĳЩȦĴУƾҶ⼸ּǲġ
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ҶĽͺ־Ҳ˼֣Ȼĸ￪źҶһЩƷſ˺ܶ࣬ҶȻ⽨šģƵֵ̬Ȼ̡
ؽ֮һʱ伸˶˳˼ԸԿһ۵ˡ
˵ҲڰôţҶʦǮˣſһ˰칫ĳš
ܣôпչǵɻã
˺ҶæӭȥǲǴ绰һĴ°Լ﹦
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˵Żŵְŵ־ƤԣҶܣǵɰҴæˣǮĳһ⡭
ԴҶŷתԲ˵ؼǼλѵĺ֪Ȼһ뿪
ԭЩʧϰ壬ȴ˵õ˽޵½⣬Ұ˺üú豸ĶҲ˽ˡҺˡ仰ĺ塣
ʶԼһٵϰ壬ҶĸмȻǲԶģ˼ȥҲֻǮлҶʦˡ
ãλȻһˣҾͽɡ
ĻҶһθоǮ׬֣˵պԼľӪʽҪһЩıˡ


158 꼻һ
ܣܣҲ֪Թˮϲ̨棬ҶĳᣬĳЩɻ䣬˵þҪֱܻ伣ˣ⹫˾ţ
Ҷ쿴¸ף˵պҸװ칫ˣڴʲôҪҰģǻǵ绰ϵѡĵطɡ
ڹŴʱȻôǲǴ֮ã޷֮ռһϯ֮أʼ⵱ȨߵĲ¼ɣǳıӵˣܵա
Ҷ챾ûô⹫˾鵱µģǽڼ־֮йɲĸо̬ƺƫԤڡ
ҶʶУȻ޷δ֪Σյٽһ˵ĸӦͻȻ˾
㻹Ҫصط
ҶµҶƽеԾˣ⿪˾ֲСӹҼңȻֶ֧ӿ˾ʹҲҪи̰ɣ
Դ˿ҶԸ־˵У˵˽о˵˾ЩԶΪ
ոտҵûһµĹ˾ȻҪŴ󼪣Ҷ˼Ҳպ󲻻ٳˡ
֣ҸղŲ˵طˡҶ֪ǰ⼸λʲô¶˵̫Լֱ
Ҷ죬⣬òôĵط˵ˣһµ𡭡
ӵĻҶƽȻܸˣҲ˾һŶģ˼԰棬öڼҪطʲôð
Ҷϰֵ˼Ц֣һ²һǮֹѺȲҲа
࡭ǮҶƽŵؿŶӣҶͷ֮һĴȣ˵һǧࣿҪˡ
Ҫ֪İ칫¥һƽڰԪϣôһһǧ࣬ҶƽӹǾɵˡ
ҶЦĿת־ˣ˵ãزҵˣܣܣλȲ軹ǣ
־һۣС˵Ҷʦǲٿ°ֻҪǲ˵û֪ʲôİ
˿ΪҶ첻칫ͲˣǶλȫûҪż滹ġ
ҶĻϰžǿˣҶطԼպҶϣҪûԸԸˡ
λù˵ˣ֮ǰЩȻϣҶȥˣΪľųû˱ǸҶ
˵־ĻҶЦЦؿһۡ
ڲ˵Ѿ˰ɣҶ־˵˽⣬ͰԼ³ȥˡ
죬Ҷʦ͡ûİ취ˣ
Ҷµûϰϵı仯Ǹ˶ܿȻҲϵȥѯԵɣҶм־ȻǲذҶ촵һˡ
û˵Ժ󲻸ˣֻ±ܱܷͷѣ֣ͽ˰
Ҷ͵ЩͷˣŻԵźţˡ
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ҶʩʩȻľʹ뿪˰칫ңҶƽϰ˶еɵۣǶ̳ˣǵһμ˶Ϸġ
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뷨Ҷƽ࣬һ˾ܹ˶𿴹˶ʮ꣬Ȼ¡
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ҶĿûԼҲ˿ٺЦ׺һȥһ֣ľųǲ֪ҪǧټƵˡ
⻰˵׼ˡ
ľųǵȦ˵󲻴˵СҲСȦЩһЩģǳһרҵķˮ˾飬Ҳ˿
ԭɽˮ־ھǸ˾ġˡָ󣬾Ȼһ壬º˶еĹ̳˺档
һЩ˴۾ǣľų˵ϰ壬ȻӣЩĺ֪һϣڼ޽
ͨʿ͸¶ҲλҶʦĹͣȥһ٣ҪȻϰ˴ڽӡ
һʱʹҶԴ⻷Щù˵ϰǣǧټƴҶϢáҶʦҲһ
εǣǼҶѯ޹˾Ȼĳ˲չݣһӹǺȲ죬ϰȻˡҶʦӣԶӵȥȴһ֪
ҲͨҶסļǿϧǣҶҲĺԺ˳ȥͬľųһ㡣
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Ӵ¥Ľֶ棬һ˶гҶ죬ͷϴһñӣϿͨĴѧûʲô
û֪кǰľųǽһСķ粨Ҳû˻Ϊǰȵ꼻һֵġҶʦ
ֻҶԼһѣΪ˾ҵ񲻾ãʹˣӵȺھٱ˹⽨š
Ȼйزһʱ䣬ǵ˲ϣ˾Ѿĳ˲չݣλҶʦǲ֪ա
ʹ׷鵽˾עϢҲû취Ϊڹ̾Ӫҵִմдĺǻѯ˾ûһνķ⽨ǲ֮ˡ
Ȼ鲻Ҫԭ򣬻׷鵥λǹ֣Ļ׷һЩġ
ҶĶûȥһֱڱסأʱʱĻȥXתһȦгİ칫ҺȺȲ죬ϾеĺͬзЧӦġ
꿪ҵӵһЩӺҶûнӹҵ񣬼ʹ˽ܵĶƵˣ˽°֮⣬ǹŰӵˡ
ţô°ô磿üͷѽ
һְҵװŴӴ˳Ҷæһгŵǰ
ҶŵüͷչһסҶĸ첲˵Ҷ죬ҲˣѧֲǼרҵҪӦ̨쵼
˿ʵϰӣԺҵ˻ǴѵλҪǽҲпܰ벻֪ͬѧҲء


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ƸгվӴſڣԱ߻иŮǱ˶ŵģҶмֲڡ
ͷɲŮòûǮҪǴƯŮˣһ׼ᱻ˱ӵģⲻӵЩСھʱǻм˫۾̽ӹ
ŵǺ̹ȻҶгϣʲôóûȻںЩ۹ˡ
ѧУȥǣ棬ҶʵǻѧУҶȥ
ȥǣҲȥɡŵ
ðɣҲԴյˡҶ˵ͷţӺܿʧ°Ⱥ֮С
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ŵĽͺҶüͷҲԼ͵£Ȼ۸ͷˣ˵ţϲͲɺˣǱҵ֤ҪҪҲν
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վſڸС죬⺢Ӷûѽ
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ҶЦŽгԺŴ˵ӷ׻˵飬ҶȻؼұȽ٣Ǻֱ˹ذĸоġ
СӣȥС˵ɣøԡ̫̫ĴҶһ£Ųȥ
Ҷ죬Ҫȥɣ
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ɣҲΡҶͷӦ¶һ˿ɫ
˴ŰСʱҶƽάҲصĺԺҶˣȻһϲ
ҶƽĴǸѯ˾ĳɵĲչݣȻ˱ǹһĵطڲչݵĹ˼԰ĵ̡
ҶƽͰ˼԰ĹŶ꽻Ҷ÷ȥú÷ȥ˼԰֮⣬Լʱ䶼Ǵ˲չ
СʲôʱؼסÿҶ߶ء
ԹҶƽѶӸԺ֪Ҷסڰƹ۵ģСֻԸҶƽÿҶӣҪȥǵۡ
֣ؼҵ£ȷŷŰɡϰֵĻҶĬ
ǹ˾ѾûˣؼסɡŶͷϵİ׷ҶƽȻоԼЩƺûоһ׵Ρ
֣һУ˵׼ʲôʱͻۼˣǰȻ÷ˮ뵽һеڲһˣһסɡ
һ֮Ҷ컹ǶԸ˵ʵʹѾĺԺķˮ²ùˣﻹǲôʵԼ˴ʲôجˡ
⡭⣿
ӵĻҶƽʱɫ԰ףһץסҶ죬ʵǡǶ᲻ʲôӰ죿˵㡭ǲ
û£ʦҵĵ֮Ԫһķɲʲôġ
ҶҡҡͷͷҲЩ׵ĸף˵֣ҵİΣͲõˣûʦһٶ𣿡
⵹ҲǡҶƽ˵ͷ˵ҲһֱסڸССô죿պˣ᣿
Ҷͷ˵֣ʱأ׼ҲԺӣںŵ飬а취ġ
Ҷ̳еشУһط
طһʩչıһһ˳̣ʹմһʹźҶһҲܵۡ
ҶʱʹطǿʩչĻҪΪϵҪء
ҶȸȰԼĹ֮顣
ˣͺˣˣԺӵͷҺ˵졭
ԴҶʮʾһС֮ͬʱҶƽˣԼ޷ȥҶӵһӰ춼
ϰֽ֮Ҷž뿪ĺԺŵв£ҶֽǰװȻװڵ̱Ѿˡ
ţȥİ
Ŀڳ⳵ռһԣ˭֪޲壬Ҷüͷ
ȻЩеԽԽǲԻռ񼪣ǺԼصȴǱˡ
͵ˣҶ죬Բ𰡡ЩǸסҶ֣֪Ҷᷳϯһĳϡ
һǼƵſͣͯǰţƯ֮һ׷ͷ۾ʱ¶ĵ顣
ͷҪȾȾˡ
Ҷ̧ͷʱ򣬸պÿͯɱתΪĿ⣬пЦ
ҶڸռʱظУճȴкܶĲ㡣
СӣԺȳͣٿš
ҶǸͲûֵҪСѵͯ˵һĪĻ󣬰ͷ߽˾Ƶꡣ
ޣûǮʲôͷ⣿ߴ˧ͯһ䣬ûعͷߴһ̥Ħ


160 
һɫܳŵͣ˾ƵſڣȻ˼Ӳ֮Ĵ߲ͯ
ùͯǱŵ˸ģûһƨڵϡ
ѳͣãԿ͵¥
һԿ״һٿǮСѣʱͯ˿־壬ƨƨߵؽӹԿ׺ǮȥͲˡ
ŲſһĻҶ첻ҡҡͷͯûԼĻ֮ڣȻѪֵ֮ġ
ҶҲʲôһͲˣϵˣҶ춼ҪȥܣƲҪˡ
ȵȡ
Ҷϵĵżرյʱһֻ˽ղǺɫܳ˴һĸŮˣ˵
ǣҲȥμӾƻģ
Ҷ˺¥ĺɫǸ˶ҶЦЦһģ
ԣҶôƺ
ȻҲƳһţĿ֮ȴûһɫԵӣҶ˲˼ֺøС
ٺ٣ոߣСУɶ߸ˡ
˺ٺһЦյҶߣ˵Ҷֵܣ۹⣬Ůһ糾ɫûа
Һô𣿡
Ҷ챻˵ЩЦã۾ɨһ֮ԭŵȻ¶ЦݣǺǣ߸磬λҲȻ˵㣬üëգδҲǴ֮
Ҫ㣿
ݱͲ󣬼ʹҶ˵СҲԱŮ˶ŵСҶ·ȥݺݵŤһѡ
ǸĸŮҶĻȻû˵ʲôҲһƬΣ۾ݺݵҶϹһ¡
ŶԭҶҲͬ˰ȥ֣̽̽
ҶĻǰһƺͲ˼Ů˵뷨Ҷһʱ򣬵ȴѾ¥
ͷģҶ֣ͷȥŵվŵļˣλɫȻСҶ˵һ֮˳ȥ
߹ӣӭݰû뵽
ոߵĸһ߳ݣվڵݲԶһװ쵼ģ˾ӭźԶ˫֣¶һĵı顣
Σˡ˺ϴһ£ϰԱȫû˸ղڵģ
ȴЦݣһߴڨһȥԺҶδ
Ҷ죬ղ˵ʲô
ȵոߵ߳ȥŲҶ˵ղǸŲ̊ƵˣȥŽȥġ
ŮҲʶոߵĿ͸аҶЦЦҲû͡
˵ֵȤǮԽǮǳİ
ڻ᳡ſڵǼʱҶ쿴һ֣ЦֲǸղ˵Լֵʱ֧֧ģͦ˼ġ
ſ˵ǼǺҶŽ뵽˻᳡ܲǴװ¹ڳĳɹˣǴⱦŮˡ
ҶΧһ£ǿپڵŮˣһһЩӰǣҶŽ󣬵ǲôˡ
Ҷ¹һ£ټĻ᳡˵ҲˣղŽλ߹ӣͿӰˡ
ûԱߣԵȥ
ڳصм䣬һͳ滹һĺƣҶҲߵͳѡЩԵģߵƫƧһ
λλŮʿӭμӡ
Ҷûãһλڵߵм䣬ŻͲݲ˵һЩûӪ׻
ΪӦϣ̣ΪøƶʧѧͯطУ԰ǽٰһõĿȫϣ̡
ţʲô𣿡
λҶһ£ƱһŹеһҶᵹǶ˼Ȥ
ʦүѵ˵ƿԻй©Ҷǰ⵰һȻҲ̹·ƺûʲôЧ
ҶĻҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪Ҷ죬ȥǱȥһ£ҪȻͷҪˡ
Ķ׼ȥҿ˭㣿Ҷ첻˵ذ˰֣ĳЩʱǱȽϰԵġ
˭֪Ҷ컰δ䣬һСڣҶæţôﰡ
ŻղſڼǸװֵվҶһǰָ˵Сڣ̨֯һκҪĻǽӴ˵ģ㿴㣬ˣʲô
ҶѡȽƫƧԱҲûʲôˣεЩ˵ʱ򻹲Ҷ죬ȻŴܲ⡣
εȫ񴣬Ϊ˽̨Ȣλĳ쵼ŮС˵дһλ쵼ŮȻٶȫǴһ𣬾ЩԲˡ
ųó㣬ֻҪԼϽҲУλ쵼ڰʮȥˣô꣬칫εְλҲȥˡ
һʱòõЩƽˣҪȨɫѡһȻ;˶εĿͶһЩƯŮ˵ϡ
Ȼ̨ƯŮ˵ıܸߣǶһЩ˶ԣλ治Ҷʲô˼Ŀ⣬Ͷÿ̨ʵϰĴѧ
˵ʵϰܰæ̨壬λǵ˲ٴΡ
ȻҲûӵı죬㣬Щʵϰý˵ط̨Щûʲôӡ
ǰò崿̨ʵϰϾͱθˣļЩʹˣӲŶô
αл¼źҶģǾ͸ζˣͰŸѵһͨ
벻֪ﲻˬҶʦأԼոտºڣˣʱһǳ˭˵˻һȥ
ҶˣԹǲ;ηȨʹһƣһܵƺ˼֣һεѹεϡ
㡭㣬˭
ԭͨͨ׷кͻȻԼһɲڼ̨ʱƣε˫Ŷʱ˼֡
Ҷ촹ͷƱСһڣƤû̧˰˵˭ûϵû²Ҫǡ
Ҷ⸱ɣֱȸղλ߹ӻҪţҲεﾪɲ׻˵ԽϵԽС¿ʲôԼﲻˡ
ãλСڣĽӴͲòμˡ
˼ʹϵ۸ӵӻ˶ʮ꣬ǱļҲ¯ģľųԻûҶĵϸ֮ǰǲҷ


161 
ҶȻᣬһ˵ʣ΢Цʱ崺磬ȴҲ˸оһӭѹ
Ҷһںģǽеף̨Ӳ
βǸѣɲгľųǲţ˾仰ɫڨڨ뿪ˡ
Ҷ죬㡭ղģ湻竵İ
ξȻҶˣŲɳԳЦҶ촩ɿʱʶȻ֪Ҷģװġ
ǵԼθղװӵӣҲǸеܽû뵽ƽֺŸ쵼ӵΣȻǸĽɫ
˾ͲҪţպҪǻҾ㣬ֱӴӳȥ
ҶƲƲ죬ȻҵԼŮˣЩ֪ˣⳡϲʣҶղžͻѿġ
εݣҶƨĲǣֻҪԼ룬žײûκݵģᱻѵĳӽ᳡
Ŵо仰ҷ䷸Ҷ˻Ҫ߳һ׵ķвʲôԷˮɱ˵£Ҷʮʱ͸ɹˡ
Ҷֵܣô˰
ֻӬҶ˵ŻͻȻλ߹ӵԭǸ˵ǲˡ
ǺǣҵҺӸ꣬߶ûʲô°
Ҷ˵мֺøУָָԱߵӣ˵߹Ҫûȥɡ
ҶղŶ¶ǹƻûȫȻֻһָҲǮһֲɾܾĸо
ʲô߹ӰӦñ꣬ϸ߻߸ֶС
ԭǮֻǸоҶйӴϢǸղҶɢƣȻԼϵѷɫøǮҶȤ
˵ԣҶͻȻͯĴ𣬰һ˵ҴꣿСߣûͷ׷Ѿʮаˡ
ˡʮˣ㡭㲻ǿЦɣǮոպȽеĺƣꡱһȫǰϡ
ôţ
ҶֱӸǮ¶һӲɣø߹һʱҲЩˣ⡭治ǶʮӵеģֻԼүүϸܵ
ǮһʱҶסˣǸģڰʵ⡭ôİ
֣ҽŶʮҪ𣿡
ǮĻҶЦͬѲֱ࣬еǰ˿ԽԺ˸Ц
Ұ㱻סˡ
ǮȻûȭͷҶϺݺݵĴһ£˸ĪЦ˵ʶһˡ
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Ҫ֪߹Ȼ⼸һֱڹ⣬ھȦǳİţǸղŴкʱǰͷСӾȻվûվ߹ӾȻҲû
Ѿ˼ȥ޲ŵĹϵˣԼʱĵѣС϶Թһ죬ԸӽԺҪ̨͸ˡ
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˰֮ͳֻͨŵĵ绰ȴǶԼС˶ʮŮ˾
Ҷ죬κȥ¡վոձҶ쾯ǲҸɳʲôµġ
ţҪɧ㣬ͳҶ˵ͷ
ӣϵܣô£ɧŵãһԵĸ߹˵ĶԻ
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Σʲô£ǰûһ˿Цݡ
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쵼ΪԼΪҵɣϱ֮Ͽң֮ЩӰۼԱҲضá
ģǡллˡŵᾭ鵽׻̫ǳˣεĻоȻ߰˷֡
ֱ뿪˿Сﲻ˵ԸĻˡ
Σյôôһͷ·ߵһ˺˸к
ܰû£ⲻæ𣿡æ˲ͷĺˮǰλǺ죬Ҳʧ
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ǵصϱȻ֮ûʲôҵѺܶ࣬ľųǵҵȦҲǸˣҲ˹
ܣʶһʵ
ʶʵϰ𣿡ڴȴǿҶ죬ЦСҲˣҵҰ
ܣ˵˭Сڵѣβ¶ɫʵ
ţСӽҶ죬Ҷûˣû뵽ˡ˵ĿԵúҶȡ
ܣǸҶǸİǲǣ˵ʱĴָ϶˶
ȥ˰
ǸֱƢôҲ벻ǰӾȻҶн˵Ҷ־һģҲһֵ´ΰɣ;Щ˲һȦӵġ
ľųǳˣϲŪԼļʶ㣬ԼܱҶһǸмԺľͰҶ˵˳
ûʲô̫Ľ飬Ҳ֪ҶʱڱܷͷԶҶıµûж˵ʲô
˵ĸ˵û֣ؽߣǰλεɫҲɰת죬ִӺɷףûһѪ
ģ⡭Сװư
˸ڸܵϴּ¶ԹɫֱܰѶľӸڻˣΣ˳衣
ԼʮˣȻһСӸסˣûŵƨĸоеķŭҰһȼ
ĳ˻мǣϴּɫһ̸Ҷ͸߹ӣӲؽĵ׵ŭѹȥ
Ҷϵܣ㲻ұʵĵ׵ڻ֪Ǹʲôأ
߹ҲأҶ˰ͷһĥԼļҵױҶ׵һɶҶʲô֪
ߴ磬Ҿһҵ񣬼Ҳʲôլ󻧡
ҶЦҲûԭԭİԼǮ˵һȻ뽻ѣҪó
ڸǮи粿ϰֺйίүүıѹûҶǲܳġ


162 ϣ
٣û뵽ɵЩլġ
ҶĻ󣬸Ǯ¶ֲ飬ҶеǷźͳȣһֻںԼп
ôţССǿˣ
ҶЦЦ˸Ǯһۣ˵ȤڵĺɫͥȴǲԸ߼ﰲźõص·ʮܵȥ˻ˡ
ҸиԵǣǮȻԼүүеġǰĳˡǮ
дţǮָĵĵǲȱһģȻǲԴ𿴽Ŷʮ䣬ѾǻĻͶʼˡ
ϵ˵ʲôĳ˽ѣֻԲƢƨҶûһǮû
˴С棬ܲüİţҲЩϰֱүүȱˣֳڹ⣬ľųǵȦﲢûжѡ
˺ദľǸԵҶ׻Ĺ̫ǮҲ˵Լļͥġ
ãͶ̥ҲǸֻ˵ãùڼɻģ˵ˣڵĳɾҲԼġǮĻҶҲЦ
ԣԣֲͥңϵܣ˵̫ˡҶĻø߹Ӵ֪ĸо
ڹô꣬ȫԼֿȭµһƬɽûκνĵطҲƲϹЩ׬ǮǵҪԭ
УǸúһֱĸо߹ӻǵһθܵ˳ܵͳֶƹ
Ⱦƾ͵ȻɡҶָָǮ˵֣ˡ
˭ûʶˡ
ǮЩͷת˺󣬲Цѩǲ˵˭˭£Ҹ
Ů˵˵û㣬ֻǹѣǱ̫ˡ
ã˾ϲ֣ȥǱˡ
ǰŮұԼǮҲ޿κΣҡҡͷվ˵Ҷֵܣͷ㣬ɢȥһʲӺƺȵûζ
ʵѩĲŶҪһЩǷϸ߹Ӽ˴۵㣬ֻԸ񣬶ּʽĻӹﷴС
ҪүүסҽԺ¸߹ӻعģǽμƻᣬүӴӲġ
ѩ㣬ˮǮ뿪кǸŮһ˶һ̨﹤ƽʱҲʶ
Сڣѣ
ѩҶһۣ˵ǸһһģûǺˡѩ˵󣬵ոҶü
ѩ㣬Ҷ첻һģҲǸոʶߴġѩڮҶ죬ŶʱЩˡ
ʲôһǻӡѩҶڵ˵ǴŮһ£϶ʱֺݺݵصһҶ졣
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ոպźƵûԷ˵Ҷ죬仰˵ؿʦ˵ûˣ߽ǲܵŮˣᱻǺһӵġ
ҶҪΪԼǮǻӲҪԸɲǣһ֮󣬿˵ѩŮʿľųôĹүܰߴһģҲڶɣ
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Ǯûʲôؼߴ
ҶЦе˵ѩŮʿˡҽǳ͸ԵһǣⱲǷֲ
зһ˵ʵνķ࣬Ϊһþˣ鶯˴ģ£ԽԽ
ѩ͸Ǯȴķ࣬˵Ͱֻǻ֮
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ҶĻѩϸոȥĺΣ˲ֲ˫գûĶ˵Сڣ̫ˣ˦ˣͷܸ
ʵʼʱѩԸߴӢĸǮмģĳദΪӦʱѩʱֱ˵ʧ䡣
ҶٺһЦ˵ЬӺϲʣҪԼĽŴȥ֪ġ
㡭ѩˡ
Ҷ죬Сôò¶棬ôˣѩӵʱһŮҲѩѹеĻ
壿ôҲ
Ҷ̧ͷһʱЦ٣ϰ壬ɩӰ밡ٳĽ
ղҶûֱӹܵȺϰȥˡ
⻹ȫҶ󡭡Ҷֵæ
˵©죬۾ͻȻԱߵѩһ£ѩʶҶҶ죿
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ѩû˵վӭӣСãС÷Щ˻һûˡ
˵ʱѩ֪ԼС÷ľųǱͺܲǺݺݵҶһۡ
񡭡
ʣЩЦõؿһҶ죬ֶŮ֪ܺڵĹϵǢȫǰҶ֪ͣ᲻ƺҶ죿
ᣬᣬ°ɣϾҪʼˡ
ҶҲûԽͣѩԭûʲôϵǰҲһѣûҪǽʲô
ȿȣ߻λӣҲո
ŻͲ׼ʼͷϷʱβ֪˳˸кҶϡ
ôôԹҶƲһۣ΢΢ҡҡͷЩԡ
ҶɢĴųоܿ϶ɢԹԱʷϵһԹŻҪ
λλŮʿǽеⳡеƷļαֳ׳ģļͳһΪһǮϲⶥõƿҲ׸ϣ̣ϣλϰ忶ңΪƶɽĺһݰġ
˵ĿڲȻǲɵģ仰ͽֳɿ˵Ŀⶼ˳м䡣
ллС㣬׳˽ĵһƷһСİ֮ಿӰƷжڵļΪһǮҳۡ
˵ĻһλڵӰпƯŮˣվܰ˰֣صλϣֳ¶ʹǴҲ洦ġ
һǮ
Ůߵһˣܿ캰˼۸ƯŮǻ׷˵ģȱٰС
ܳһǧǮûѼӼ۵ģÿһǮһݰġ˵ɿҶ㶼г۵ĳ嶯ˡ
ҳǧ顣
ǧ顣
ҳǧ
ҶԱߵϰҲֵ̧֣ʱӭȴŷŭĿ⡣


163 У
ȿȡ
ӷŭϰɿ˼һε˵ģΪɽĺ׵㰮ģ
㡣ҪϹʱֲµϰλŮľٶѩλСҪԸɴˡ
ǧ飬ǧǮûѳ۵ģÿһǮƶɽĺϡ
ǧ飡
ҳһ򡣡
һǧ飡
ڲɿֳգȻ֮ʣǶļ۸˺ü
һǧ飬XXʵҵܳһǧ飬ûг۵ģãˣлϣ̵֧֣
һĹǶԶձһλҵһǧǮļ۸ĵУ벩һЦִ֧ҵֻԼ֪ˡ
һӰϵһֻ֬ĥ˵㲻װ𣿰ȥ˰ɡ
ɣĻ𣿡Ŵ󷢣ϰЦŽ͵˳м䡣
Ůʿ׳֬һֻļΪһԪۣ
ǧ飡
ǧ
һ򡣡
ڵ˴඼ʶҲ֪ϲղع棬ټֻ֬ڵƹ¶һĹâ˸оͬƷ۸ֱ
ѩСһϹ˵ͳۣͲ
ãҳۣ
ȻԼȥĶû涨׼ԼĻϰ屻ӱƵûޣֺ̧򣡡
ףҸɣ飡һЦļ۸
ĴںԼóĶû̧ۣܲ߼ۣϻʮľٶҲӮм
ûպۺŮʿ˵ϹҡҺϲӵġ
⡭ʲô°
ãǧ飡
ЩɵۣѲɻҪԼٸĻ߽޿һģľİɣƣҲЦ
һۺֱֻǧǮļ۸˻ҲǧһЦ˰ɡ
ŴؽУÿһϵˣóһЩƷȻļ۸еиߣȴûһĵ˭ûе˰
ĴóҲûرֵǮģֳĳ۸ߵģҲһڵĹҤҶԱߵʮС
Ҷ죬ôѧԨԴ忴ڽУ˵ûһʼôˣҲ̨ºҶС˵Ż
鰡壬Ҽѧһ㶼ԨԴϰŶҲǰ·ңⶫҿ׼
ĻҶ֣ҪһЩʦֻƷܼһմҶһϲͨˡ
Ŷ䣬ôܶЩﳤʶˣҿڻᶪ˵ġ
Աߵ񴣬﷢һмߣһϣһֱûҵᷢȴǽҶĻ
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Ļһ㶣óǻҶǹĻȴ벻ͨҶôһǰЦ滢ӵģ
֪ǣ֮ǰΪ˱ֳҶ˵ǷѹͲҶģԴʵϡ
ٺ٣ܣûʲô˼ǴһСҶûó˰ɣ
ΰеһȣǸ̨óƷǧǮļ۸˵ͷ֮࣬¸̨ƨ
Ȼ˿Цݣ˵ĻȴǾ䶼Ҷ죬ζˣб۾һۡ
˵ҲʮˣӦǰҶôһëͷСӽа壬Ӯ˶Ե
ʵѹֲסеĻѾȲȥкˣھ뿴Ҷ쵱ڳ
ҶҶֵܵƷҸˡƲһۣûҶʦ
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ε⣬ôҶ죬Ҷ춼ҷģֳһûı֡
ȴ֪ҶСͲʲôúӣҡҶʦҲϲӱʮ겻һףŷһȭһƻȥ
㡭㣬ûҶһ仰ͨ񴣬̲סһ䣬ѹûбԱϵ
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Ҷɫӣоһæ˵Ҷ죬𣬱øȥġ
ҲʶˣӺҶȥƺԼղ˵ĻЩϵȻΪ˽Ըƺڲ֪Ҷϸ£˵Щɣ
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˵ŻҶһ壬ʰɫ渡һֻͷͷȴǳʻɫȻǽڵʱʯֲͬɫʡ
װŪ
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Ҷ죬⡭ⶫҲģҶ壬۾͵
壬ûġҶƲһۣ˵ˣСⱨӦġ
ҶĻ˵ɫ࣬ȴûٳԷҲˣںҶа壬ԿľԻԼ
ҿҶ̬ȣҲף뿴ҶǲܵˣΪҶǷֵǮλְĵġ
ʱ򣬸պһҲ˳ȥϺƷҶҶóģǸлҶԴҵ֧֣ļۣͬһǮ
˭ôôһͷ׷
Ӧͦģٰͷɣ
˺Լ֣Ҷվ΢΢Ƿ壬ͷİ׷ΧһЩ


164 £
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ԶҶߣεϲ¶ЦݣҶǴӣ˿̯ȥ԰ڵġ
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ΣҶҲЦ֬Ϊǲ٣õʯҲຣеƷ
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ǳڵЩϰǲ֪һ۵С壬ȻĳۣһǽⳡƾƻᵥƷ߼ۣúܶ˵ƨɶסˡ


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ȻѾ⣬һҪݺݵΪţԼʵϰõ֡

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ҶĻøǮ¶Цݣڹô꣬Ψһоϰߵľǹƣÿһʱ䣬ܻ˸ę́ȥʱҶĻ󣬲ɴ֪ĸо
壬ܣܣߣһȥɣ֣ѣ᲻ӭɣ
ǮĻҶͷһۣСȦ˻治٣˲˵־Ҳ˸ƯŮվ
ĵĻ˶֣׼տǮڹˣڿPartyޱȣͳֻԸ
ʶǮ־ˣҲʶλĹӸ磬¶ͷӦ
ǮǸŮѡѩҲĳԼСߴߴŸղ顣
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168 ɺ
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Ҷ֪ǮıԲ֪Լݣȴû뵽־ͻȻˡʦţҪֹʱȴѾˡ
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ҶЦȻڻѧҶҲѧˣרҵĽǶгϵĽļ۸һ·ǣҲԺչıȻơ
Ҷ˵ⷬʱҲûʶǵ͹زGDPľģʮ֮ԺӲʮ˺üٱֹ
⺢ӣʲôأˣȻҪȥø㣬ǷҲֻһ룬Щסǲߵġ
Ҷҵһһ󣬼Ҷ˾Ҫ̫̫ҲͲڶ˵ˣ˵ԺסľҲƽ߶Ҳͦġ
̫̫ĻҶЦЦΪȻ˵ãҺ˵˵ǻߵġ
ΪϽֵΣҶûЭⷿס֮Ĺϵ󷴶߲ˣԺҲûٹܹЩס
¼Ҷ̬ȣ̫̫˿ϣֶӵԴϣû˵Щ꾻Ǻǽˣûһߵģ⺢ôô򵥰
ҶԴ˵ãͷİɣа취ġ
ʲô취ۿɲܸɷ°Ҷ죬ɱ𷸺ͿֶӵĻ̫̫һ֪Ҷ಻סͱ˶֣鷳ʹˡ
Ҫ֪ŲߵЩˣ϶ϱһŵĹҲȥ˵ӲԣһСָڵǼＦȮ
ĸİãͷſİɣ𣿡
Ҷ챻̫̫˵ĿЦãЩסûʲô취ҶҲûа취ͲˣԺӳ˴լ˸Ҽסȥģ
ǳɣô㿴ȥҶһгģ̫̫ǴӦ
̫̫ҲǸƢԹз󣬾ʹҶλڻʳǸǴլӡ
ֻӵĺԺ͵ˣͲţҶʹҶ촩뻧ֱ˽ȥ
٣Σʱûඡ
Ҷ裬أзû
Ҷ㣬ʱæʲôأ趼ûˡ
Ҫ˵̫̫Ե治Ժ֮󣬴кǲڶЩ˵龢˭벻ǾŲߵЩסǡ
ʵЩ˺ͨϰնһסһиˣʱǵλסģڰȥλҲ˰Ծͱʷ⡣
⻹һЩˣǴռ˵
Щ˲ûǮҲûӣǿ˲ᣬҲͲԸˣԺˣӶСﲻߡ
һߺΧ˴кҶҶ촩ȣƹ˶Ļ԰߹һţԺ
磬ڼ𣿡ߵԺ̫̫ʮߺһ
ҶΣ˰˵ȥءŻһͷŴŵ᷿˳
ͷӲߣͷѾȫˣͦúֱһ˫۾˵ʱϴŹƣܿóǰҲ쵼ġ
磬ֶӣԺӣ˵ɡ
̫̫ѹ˼֪ǰԺЩ˶֧Ŷ̸أЩûһʡ͵ĵƣҪ֪ͷԺӣֳָʲô
ãã˵
ͷҲ֪Щ˲ǣк˽ݺ˵ҶΣƬˣҲ֪ǰԺԺˣûǰߵġ
ͷ˵ͲЩסˣֵˣ֪ԼȥżɽؾͰˡ
ʱҶ˵ļᶨ̫̫ҲûЩ£˵磬֪Ҳֻ˺ԺǼ۸ǲе̫˰
ԺȻҲһС԰Ű˼᷿ĵطȴҪԺС˺̫̫ܶ࣬˵õҲܺ
ӰҪǰԺһİʮ治ҪԺЩ˶ˣضʮҲ򲻵ѽ
ҶĻͷײ̫̫Ϊڨڨ˵ɣӣʮ飬ʮҪͬ⣬ǾȥͬĻҾͰˡ
ʵͷĺԺҲǺܲģȥعʱ򣬾ΪӲȨ飬ЩסһܣͷϷ˺üػˡ
һͷЩ˸ûദˣ˶ӵĻ׼լȥġ
С죬㿴
ͷĻҶֶӣ¶Ҳ֪Ҷ˵飬Լĵܵܶ˼ҵġ
ʮ򣿡Ҷͷһᣬ˵ɣʮʮˡ
ӽǰԺʱҶһֱڲɫع۲ţһʱֿ˻լӼֱǾˣôŪɡ
ĺԺλڹʹĶλڷˮбΪšǼ䲻һλá
֮УλȴΪšҲгơš͡šģһڷˮš
ӢȶΪıʽλǡΪ֮Ľ淽λ桢׽Ҳǡšһƺ
ĵطҶֻҪ΢ʩչһЩֶΣԪΪһɭĹլʡȴҶܶĹ
֮ȰЩǸ֮Ҷ춯деһЩ󷨣ͬص㣬ΪһˮأӦ֮ȫںһġ
뵽պסĺôҶ޲ھͽӸͳſ˵ã⿨ﻹоʮʲôʱпգȥٹ֤һ°ɡ
2000ǰĺԺǲ˽ģҶ˵治ʲô⣬ڻô꣬ϵеġ
пհСҶⷿˣɱڣ˵㰡
ͷҲֵɽˣֻǿҶεϣǳһҶ졣
壬ͷİɣ褴ƸǣһԸһԸ
ҶЦ˿ֿ˻ȽԺӸ֮ˮҪéɽǴ۶Ҫá


172 ƶб
ͷļ˶ѾһȥڹҲûʲôǣңź󣬾׼Ҷȥˡ
׻˵ûв͸ǽƾҶղԺͷļԻסǰԺˣƺʶʲô
ҶҶ쾭ǰԺʱЩȴû֮ǰˣһбۿҶͷͲûԳˡ
ͷǰԺ˰
ûҸղŶˣ϶ˡ
ûͬ⣬ô͸ԺӰ
˰ɣȻס⣬ɶ֤ûУҪô
ͷҶ˸һĺԺ˾ͺ䶯¹ԼպסһϾûʲôɫ
ĪӼʶ࣬˵˵¶ôɣ
Īʮ˾䣬ǰΪܶŹͽ˼꣬λҲûˣֻܺŰ̯С⣬ȴûȻ˼ҡ
Ҳ̰ûͿ˳ӣ׷ӣȴ˳ȥԼĺԺﲻߣĺԺġ
үżʲô
Ժ˵ĻĪƲƲ˵¹ԺǶסİ·ӣǾĶȥ˺ҶйϵҲܽôɣ
ĪǰһƬ췴ɵͷͷȻʮĩʱˣȴǸһԺӵ֮һ᷿
ĺԺãסŶůÿ»ͼǮĪȻϰˣĥǲҵϵܸԼŷ֤ء
ԣԣԺ˭ģǰͲɡ
С˵еùܰܲסȥɣ
ĪĻƺĹһ㣬ʵôҲģѯĪҸͷ˶ѡ
СҶҪ˰ǰ˿Ѳĺܡ
߳ĺԺź洫Ĺͷƨɶõڴʲô⣬̲סֳҶ졣
ͷȻҶûʲôϵǺҶȴǼʮϽˣһʱʲôӣǼʹԼպҲûȥҶҴˡ
ҶЦ˰˵壬ͷİɣ¶ͿǺˣʱúùȰһǣ˵Ǿͻأ
ߣ
ҶһŵģͷҡҡͷָЩߣҪȵˡ
ͷԼ̫̫ҲǿЦһ߰ɣ磬Сһֶ
ã˵Ҷ˵ˣˡ
Ҷô˵ͷҲտڲˣһպҶвҲֲԼͷˡ
Ľھʮʱ򣬻ûкôڷܲǩЭҶ֧˶ʮͷȻزźʵ귿ݽṹͼֽܰˡ
ҶͷЩϵڶͻȥĺԺ¶Ҳʵǰˣ˫ԻؼҲᡣ
Ҷ죬Ҷ죬ãҲڰ
ոջصԼҵԺӣžֻһ˹סҶ֣ߵҶߺ
Сţʲôȥ
ǰŮҶǴ⣬ϸƨɴպ϶ΪҶҶϼӡ
˵̫̫ƽﾻ˼ƻĹˣǷŵԼȻԽԽá
ãºҶ˵̫̫Ŀ⣬ûɵһĻţæҶȥ˺Ժ
Ÿ˵ӣҶʵͲµ˼֣ȴǹʵô˷ܰд
£д󽱻ҪءЦ
ҶװһԺӣ˵ǿ϶иĽˡ
ˣ֪нϴôƱҲûа
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ţô£˵˵
æһ죬ҶͰӵԺˣ£ҲȤһʩչ书ЧҲ˽⡣
Ҹ˵һ̨ȴ̨˽ȥѩ˵
ȻĵغǶڵù·鷳ϣȴû˿»ɫĸҶ콲
ԭϡͿھֱһҹ񴣬Ҳ֪飬ԼҲͿ๦ߣص̨ʹдݼɻء
ֻû뵽Ѿ˵̨ܲţ粿λ쵼˵˻ĺȺ֮ҪϳͲ
һûεļ齻ȥԼǫ̇̄ȥһ󼲷ѵһݴ˱ǰ
ĽԶԶεԤڣһҹû˯ãʱ˾̨칫һ˹ȥǫ̃һƬҡ
ֳ˴ĶûСʱ̨¾ȫ֪ˣ̨쵼̬ȺܼڿͬʱҲµİ칫Ρ
ΰ칫ǸŮģΪ˱ȽϺƣһξͰżʵϰѧı˳Ҳ˷ĪҪԭ֮һ
Ҷ죬лл㡭
ľŽץסҶ֣嶼˹ȥȻҶ첢ûж˵ʲôǴ֪¶Ҷɳġ
лʲô׻˵Ʊж񱨣ǲʱδ
Ҷ춼õı飬ЦȻҶԵˮʦŮѶ˼˻ǲ
Ҷ˽⣬ȥ˹ְٻһڵ˳̶㡣
ʹٵùʮҶҲ˿֮ĵģֻ֣©ûȥӼҰڸˮɱۼҶѾˡ
ϵҶƽά˻ҶڷϰҶԺӵ˵˳ȻҶƽԶӵľЩҲû˵ʲô
Ҷƽ֪ԼӺһͬ˲һС󲻹ʲô飬ûԹЩû취ҶҲС
ĺԺǰͷס˼ʮլģڵʱ򣬾ͰԼһЩϸԼҲ˳ȥԿ׽Ҷ졣
Ҷ£ҶһĺԺѡʱߵ࣬Ժסڼ
λַҽҶ죬ѾԺˣҾĺԺĺϷӵߡ
ҶĿ̫̫Щģ⺢˵ôôֱװ
Сӣ⻰˼ǶȥôΣ
ȻҶⷬ˵Ĳһ¶ǰͷĪǳ


173 
Ҷ֮ǰסļ˼ҾͿ˸Сᣬͳһ˼룬ЩӰĪñ߹ģһη
ĶĺԺͲ֪йٴˣ˶оĺܣĪ䣬һʮͷͽӿڵСӣסģǸȥ˵ɣǹܲš
ǰүүԺȥģǰȥ
СӣҲˣͷء
ǵļңҪǰᣬȸú÷Ӱɡ
ͷĻԺ˵Ĺ룬һͬĵҶ죬ĪǿֵھӣǼҪһ㡣
Ժʮˣ֮еӤҲҶģҶҪǸҿڳԻ߶֣ǾЩ˵⡣
ۼҶЩסˣ̫̫ǰһǳʲôʲôǱ˵ķӣסѾ˵ùȥˣĪСӻҶִǲǣ
Ҷ裬ĶҰⲻ˵𣿡
ֵ˼ʮ̫̫꣬ЩģһɤӺĪʱͷ˻ȥץȥͽ̣̫̫ûչ޶
Ҷ㣬ô˵ҲҪסⷿӣ͵λģڻ˷ǰᣬһСȥĶ
Ī¶ͷˣղ˵ͷվ˳ǰֵЭסʱǶӦģÿ϶ûʲôŵɫ
ȿȡ
ȺҶһϹЦݣ˵λү裬ǣҵҰѻ˵갡ôҲǰ취ɣ
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ôҰңΪطһǮҶ仰һĺԺ˶ʱɧ
侲£Ұѻ˵ꡣ
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Ҷ˻һԺ˶ЩɵˣǸֶԲ߶ˣû뵽ҶȻǸǰҵģ
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ĪΪլһ˼˷ӣоҶ컰е˼Щзӵ˶ҪߣȻǲˡ
ںԺţǸĳɸĺԺùݣҼȻԸߣסŰɣӽ飬ǲǻҪʮ𣿡
ĪĻҶЦĻУȴǸЩ͸¶Ϣ
Ҷ컰еһ˼ҪѺԺĳùݣڱѾˣרŽӴЩεˣܲ
Ժһа˼䷿ӣĳͷĻÿÿշٿ飬һ¾Ǻüˣһ⡣
Ҷ컰еĵڶ˼ĺԺ˶˿ΪҶ첢ҪߣĪղŶƳˣҶ춼û˵ġ
Ҷֵܣ˲ʵڣԺʲôڲƽŸ硣
ҶĻĪ˵ȴǺûˣֻҪߣ⼸ӣ˵Ưֲټ⡣
СҶǲģԺùݿˣǶӦġ
ǰ´סͳˣ෽㰡
ղԺ｣ŵգҶĻһӾͻƺҶڣһñӲҪǮƵҶͷϴ
ǸƣҶĻôΪʹ⣬ҲķŻ˶
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˵ˣҲ׷ɢȥˣĪȴԺҶ˻뿴˾ǲҪԺĳùݣ
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ĺԺĴ̫̫֮ʵԼֶ˼̫ʲôԴ˵Ҳ͸Ҷ쵽ʲô
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ҶЦùݣʲôЦôһˮزԼãѵ˱ˣ
ȻѾϿ˵ˣ̫̫⸽ͦӵģ˲ԶһҰҹ˾׳СӿųҶĺԺ
СҶҲæ
ǣԺǽַˣ˵
Ҷ˸һԺӣĪ˾Χ缸ﶼЩʵҶʲôء
ɣҶȥЩưòģҶûؼðɡ
Ҷܴİ˰֣ΧֳˣȻЩõⲻֵǮռǺܶ˵ͨҪǮĶȻǶˡ
ΪˣͷռԺǰЩ˼ҿ࣬ʮסȷ˲٣廨ŵʲôУĶ˰Ժӡ
λ磬ЩϳɣĴӶҪˣλûȥ˰ɡ
Ҷ쿴ͷһװŻƻӲǼͷˣʣµЩǲֵǮˡ
СҶЩ㲻ҪҪ
ҶҪԺӺĶˣļ۾ʱˣÿ˼ҶĪôǮģЩȻɵ㣬ûؼϸʮ껹ûġ
аɣ˷ӱҲˣʣµĶҶ߰ɡ
ҶĻʱü˼Ƕ֪ͷİ˼᷿ǰļǶģŮǻס
Ҳ˵ÿﶼмҾߣҶᣬ˿ռ˰мתͷܣҪϱһġ
̶̲ӵʱ䣬ǰԺԺһȺӵ˽ʮͷҲʾŰҲ׼ռˡ
һЩӴСеĸ˽ѾõĺԺʱֵǹһ㡣
ǺǣҰʱСĵ㣬ˤˡ
Ҷ콫ԺĴƸˣԺͨһƬĴҲ˶ʧȥ˽ġ
ڴʱЩסһǵУҶ촿ǸܼҺӣЩҾ߶û㿪ùҲѽȻҪȫˣⲻǰܼʲô
ǶҪˣôֱӾͰ߰һǰԺסס˰ҹ˾ˡ
ҹ˾СָָҶ죬˵Ҷϰ˵ǰᣬȥɡ
ҶʱͰҹ˾˵õģԺеĶߺ󣬶Уҹ˾СҲǿЩֵǮĶҲ۲ĺܡ
ԭΪЩԼģ˭֪ҶǺסЩ׳СﶼЩˣҶһЩõĶԺᡣ
ǰסΣȻˣһ˵Ķˣͷִ


174 ֹϣ
Ҷڰ֮ǰ˵ˣðҹ˾˺סŰ죬ЩҲû˼鷳Ҷ죬Ժֵгһ㡣
ɣԺǿ޵ˡ
ҶվԺ￴Һĳ棬ϵ΢Ц͸һ˿ռ˵ԣƺû˵иȥռһλķˮʦıˡ
סδؾǻˣ֮еĴˣֻһЩ洦ɼС񣬵ҶҲǴƼҰһʿڽ򶰱ľ޿ȻЩ˵ġ
ҶΧźԺһȦ⣬̧һĪӲûв뵽ж֮УߵߣЦЩ̫ˣŴ磬Ŵ֣Щ趼Ų԰ȥɡ
ɣͷеĵۣͻŪЩݣ϶ľռˣҶֵܴ֡
ĪҶĻ󣬵ͷӦͷҵ϶˹
Ҫ˵ͷȷǸ֮ˣԺмĻ԰˻֮⣬ÿǰвٻ裬֮ࡣ
ռ˱ôıˣĪ϶Ҳһ軨ᵽ˻԰ıϣûз֣Լÿһ軨Ҷ춼ɫŲλá
æʮӣԺ᷿еȫյˣԺ·˿˸ˣԭЩԺ䣬ڱÿյġ
ЩҲҶ켸˶ŲԺм䣬ʵ̫࣬Ҷɴཫһֱڵ˺ԺһΧǽϡ
ҹ˾ļСϴ˰֣ߵҶǰ˵Ҷϰ壬ˣ˰
һٿǮ缸ȥ̳鰡ҶӶͳһٿǮ˹ȥ
ͷСͦʵڵģҶǮֵҶϰ壬Щ˲٣Ǯˡ
һĻЩסǾǲĿѣҶĵλ½˲٣˱˶ǮĶǰܼӰֱԩͷ
鷳λҹˣǮһҪ¡
ҶһٿǮУ˵ҹҪװⴹЩ£缸֣ǰƵˣʡõʱҴӺ濪鷳
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Ǹҹ˾ߵǰһ˵źǽһģƵЩ˩ǰһѣʡˡ
ֳɵģҹ˾˸ڴŵĵײ˼ӣжһשͷԭȥ̵ܼĴţʱҡҡ׹
ǰ֮£䡱һܱߵһǽҳ磬ǰֵĪҲġ
ǺǣˣŴ磬лл˰ͷùݿţλԶپơ
λڷڵǽʹŶ֮Ҷ¶һ˿ЦݣԺӾȻ֮أ΢㻯һ£ʹ䷢ˡ
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ôе䰡
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ллˣһ߶š
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ԸǵĵӶ̫СתȥҶϵ΢ЦѾЦ
ԭҶǷƵǸţлЩԥЩ˵̰ʹҶ˾ģȻγɵˮ֮أ˾ɱ
׻˵гʹͷĺԺӪ֮ҲиָģǶ´Ŵŵĺǽǵס˶λšĹؼڡ
Ҷ콫ǽƵǰѡšˡ
νšʵǵס˶λɷ֮ĵطڡšһĺԺ֮ʱʧĪ֮ǰо쬵ģɷ뵼µġ
Ժм軨裬Ҳнģ£ʵȴһ󷨣ԽǰԺӵչȥášɷֱ롣
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֣˵ҶǲԽѶȫˣȻǮ
˴ҹԺӳôһ£˭˯ˣҶŸղ顣
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뵽ҲûǮԺ߰ʮټװޣûһʮòôǮվ˵ۡ
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ĪĵƸϨʱԺͻȻһҺƺ˺һ㣬ﶼһ
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Ͻ㣬ôǣĶ
Ժҵĵƶ˷׷·˳ȸϵĪԺվŸɫɷ׵ˡ
ܵƹԭصϽ㵨ƺ׳˵㣬ָźԺķ֣˵йһȺŹŴ·Ů
˵ʲôأǬʲô
ĪϽĻ֮ԱǣŮƽʱҲģû뵽ôСס˼ʮˣʲôʱֹ
Ͻ㣬ѹгҿǡʲô
Īһ˵Żһǰ˼˺Ժſ֮ͷ￴һۣʱ˶סˣͷƤһ顣
Ժĵƹ⣬ĪؿŹŴŮεˣӺԺǰǰ߹
һ˻ͷĪһۣǲҰ׵ɫѪ촽ʱĪȥһƨ˵ϡ
衭ģ桭й
ΧˣĪѾ˵ˣһɶȴŵôС㶼ʧˡ


175 ֹУ
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ĪѾǴſǻˣؿǸŮЦЦǲ԰׺׺Ѫ촽ⱲӶǵġ
Īδ䣬ϽҲ˵ûйŮ϶ŹŴ·ͷϻñӣԣñӣǹŮͷΡ
ԣҿŮѽϰˡΧ˶ˣ˹ů⣬Ī˵Ҳࡣ
˵Ļܵ˶оͷƤһ飬һ˵йҲͰˣƫƫ˶˹һ˵ģģɵ˲š
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Ժ˵ŻĪϱ尡æɣĪĪյĲˡ
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׻˵²ţ´ǧĺԺֹ飬СʱĹʹʳǸӿӳԶ˶š
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˵̫̫⻰˵ģ˻ɵҶϣ˵Ĺ˵ûгΪҶµӡǳá
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Ҷ˵ͷӹ̫̫ĶСһ߳һĺԺȥ
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һſĺԺҶ͸оһŨҵɷȻҲǺҶԪĸӦйصģһ˽ȴǲָо
СҶ
סԺ˿ҶɫʱЩӣķӣֹ˭Ҷ죬Ҳоͦùġ
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176 ֹ£
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ҶἰҶƽʱʱڽֵóĺԺʱûٺҶƽ˴򽻵ֻǻҶѾéɽһֱû档
ǰȣҶ仯ľһͷڷˣȻоǰкм죬ҲûóȻϡ
ΣҶ죬ͷΪﳤĵµġ
Ҷ֪ǰǴһģҶҹϵܽҲûʲô˵ͷ֢״ǷרҵҲֻֽˡ
ֻҶ⻰һ˵ߵǸ쿴񣬺ȻΪ˹ͷɼԲġ
֪Ҷݺָλ˵Ҷ죬Ҹ£λ⼪⾯٣ϽɳЩҪһ¡
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ΥҪùݣزŰˣǲġ
ΪϽɳҲЭֵȰöЩǰңֻǲûʲôЧҶ¶ϲЩΡ
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˰֣˵ûе£ҪôҥԣҶ죬ûˣȥɡ
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Ҷһ򿪡šĹʹɷСķˮܰûˡ
ʹҶֶΣҪɷȫȥ¶ҪһµĹ򣬱˵ǾˣϵʱҲû취
νֹʵЩɷγɵġ
˵ʱͨϲ˵вޣ仰ʵĶԹ̬ȵʵдա
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Ͻ㣬ˣԼԺӪ˹ŮӰӣʹԼþ
ĪҲܵϽ㻰Ӱ죬ʱҲŹŮ飬ܵɷ󣬺ϽͬĻӡ
ͷ־ȽϼᶨӲŹЩɷ֮ͲᵼþͬĳĪĶȴǲһġ
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Ҫ˵ɷ֮ĵڶصˣʹ־˲þ֮⣬ɷҲ϶˲Σ
ɷ֮󣬻ʹڵʧ䷢֢״ͺ֮ðգһԭ
ͷԳֲһܵԺȥסˣӶûãɷ֮뵽ڣ˵ͷѾʮˣǸʮʢСҲܲ˵ġ


177 
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˵ҶĺΪϱʹôʵڳľɱҶԺУڱȽº͵һˡ
ҶѾǱȽϺˣԹˮʦǳԿˣõľͲǾɱ󣬶ֱʹɱˡ
⵵£Ϊ˱ӣҶʵʵڼһ죬ϵʱȴš
ǰԼϲ¹ҶżɽʵСǲй
ĺԺֹʱ̫̫ڽ֮ҲЩˣ˹ȴַ鲻һľᡣ
ȻֹܸЩסһЩѵĺԺܹҶģԺȥĻǵطպҲסˣҶʮɾҪˮƯ˰
ΣôҲЩҥ԰̫̫ĻοЦһȥˣֹ¼ǵûƽϢҡ
ΪӰ죬оɳרңѶҹ˾ЩˣҲû׷ʲô
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Сһ˴ҥԣһٸô˵ǾҪˣʵ࣬ϰǰİ
ҶƽǰԾҵ˵ʱĸо⻰˵ĵ쵼ڽһ㡣
Ҳ֪Σ£͸аԡ
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ʲôСȥСʲô˼ǲֶɶ󣿡
̫̫ǸƢһ⻰ըˣҸʮĵ䱣֤Ҷһҹ˯ڼģԲȥŻЩ˵ġ
Σǧ
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ʵҶ쵽ֳλ˼ȻѾųҶɣΪĺԺˣɺͶֵġ
ֹ¼ĻҶֳȻûʲôˣҪǽƽ˾һǾҪҶ϶µˡ
ƽʱ̫̫ѵˣȴǲ˵ֻ˸ǿ̫̫ܵɡ
ʲô⳥ҺúŪ̫̫һ˵ŹҶȥҶҿɾһ簡
Ȼܵ꣬ǣҶҴڽӴĴǴϣҶǼᶨƵķԼȫһӵļҳ
ã˵ôа԰ֵͬ־ڣȥʲô
һֱû˵Ҷ죬ʱȴǲܲˣٽȥ˵˾ҪԼˡ
Ҷ쵱Ȼˣµ󷨣ʹɷǿһٱҲҶû޵ģ浱´ֽˣ
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ҶͬˣƽϲæҶߣʲôǷ֪̫̫Ƣõġ
Ѿ߰˵ˣɫͺĺԺԺȴǵƻͨԭȵĴ֮⣬˼߰װ˺üơ
ԺȴûпƣȻһƬץ𣬵Ȼܴݾˡ
ⳡ棬Ҷ첻зЦڳ⸱ƻţڶ
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Ҷ˰λ̾ӵͬ־ЩҪ㡭Ҷ߽Ժϼ˸к
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ʵҲ߸ⲻʵЩҶĻشҲˣӹǸͽ˱¼ҶԱߡ
ʱƣҹɫˣҽ̫ãҹ֣һ㶼ȻԺ￪żƣǸһɭɭĸо
Σô˿ţ˸Ҳ¶氡Ҷмģɴƽ
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ԩΣ˵ҾһˣҲ
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ôôһ
һʮľվԺĴ߶Ҳое䡭Ҷ˺档
ֹ֪ȥ˰СʱԺе˶סˣطȷЩаԣ͸ΧǽķǺһ㣬ķѡ
ǡʲô
պߵԺͺԺŴҶ죬ȻֱסˣָźԺɫ԰׵˵ҿˣŮŮ
Ҷҵ˴ԺļžЩԭѾ˵Ƶס˲䶼
桭ǰŮ
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ҳȥ
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½Ĭĸʲô
򿪺ԺĴƺӵλһѽѵץ˹ȥ¶̫еˣõĹսʿȻ˵ˣ
½̾ûӸղһĻѹͰ͵˵ӣҡҸղĿ
ƨСӸһ£
̾ĶǻƢùһƿȪˮֱӾͽ½ĬͷϣҪڳһȹȥˡ


178 ƽϢ
һƿȪˮ½ĬͷϺߵǰ˵СӸ˵ףˣ
⡭⣬ӣңĿ˰
ſһ˵Ժӣ½ĬҲɵˣԿ϶ԼղûпۣȷŹŴŮ·Ůӣǰ߹
Ȼʱܶݣ½ĬǼŮ˵ĿˣǸĪ˵ŮˣɫɷףڴʺѪⲻǹʲô
Ļ
ӱöˣҶ캰ԺǰԲӣյԺû˵ĵط
ӣǳȥ˵
֪ΪΣθղƺҲ˼Ӱӽ򿪴֮ǼӰܿʧˣεҲֹ
صԺӶŻվɪɪҶ֣û˵㣬ô£ղŹʲô
ҡҸղĿӰǵͷɸ٣Ǽģôأ
Ҷһ˵һֱȻţڻ䵱ʹʱƬΪҶ֪˵ԽϸͷʾԽˡ
ûҲˡ
Ҷһ𡰼½ĬҶĻҲǴеĻʵҲǰƬҶ˵ǲıϡ
ʲôҲˣ
찡йǱ˰ģ
Уңûס˰
ʱԺѾΧ˲סǶҶĺģԭ֪оҲ£½ĬһɤӣԺɧ
ұ죡
Ǻ޲ǹ½ĬɵǱֻŵģȴûԼȴǳ˷޹֮࣬Ҳ֪ȥ쵼ˡ
ұţؼȥ˯ûʲôǿǲǺúõ𣬸ղλͬ־̫ˣĻþȥ˯ɡ
ʲôþղŮ˿ˡ
ɩˣҲ˰⡭춼µġ
Уﲻסˣ֣ߣȥסдҷӰߡ
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ʵӻֹԭ˵ˣҪŲаڿֻѾ˲ĻԵЩ԰ˡ
˴ͷҪߣļ˼Ҳסˣ׷׻ݰֵǮĶʰһϼҴڵĳĺԺ
ΧļĺԺĶҲ˵ƣȴû˸ͷһҪѹǵԼǻ
Σӵӳˣӹ񣬷¾³ڼ鰡Լ˵һپ䣬һ䡰Ļʹš
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ӣҡңġ
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һᶨûйӣҲЩҡˣڼ϶飬ԲΪģΪںԺûκνӡ߹µĺۼ
Ҫ͵ĻֹֻܾȻưǺ֣ȴץҲһĪչ
ǡȻȥˡ
Ҷ֪ԼҪǴҡڵػȥ˵ͻʲô˵ģ¿ĿİͰ͵˵Σһ𣿡
УУһߣ˶൨׳
֪ΪΣ˳ھͰ仰˵˳˵֮ʶԣϲЩΡ
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ȻҶĳЩ˵Ļɣ춼ˣܲ˵Լİɣȹһʱ䣬ȻҲƽϢ
̬ȻҶչţȻڶϽɳ˴ľΧԼǸĺԺסǼ˵컹˼Ұ˳ȥ
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СҶǲʲôᰡԶŴҶһ鷨ȻҶ츺ȥġ
ҶǰɣղǷʲô˼
´Ӱͱĳһе˴ţӹܵ⣬ʮ͵ˡ
ʮΪδʧֹȴһƿСɣ޴ʦоܵ˼ĴݲС
ҶعͷЦеؿ£˵޴ʦıŶʲô
˵ŶʱҶ͵ؼӴʲô֣һ޴ʦĶը졣
ʨӺ𣬵СٱߣǰСԣղҶһϺȣˡԣ˲סµ
˵ŶʲôҶһϺȡ
±޴ʦشѾƲסԼˡ
ѱҶ׷ʵ
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һһ֮У޴ʦ¶˾ֵɫҶĻƺħһ㣬鲻Խĸ˵ȥ
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Ҷʳһ仰ʱ޴ʦͻȻҧסԼͷһѪ˶ίɳϡ
һȴҶԵ壬ɫ԰һصҶ죬ʮпڣȻҶһڸˡ
ҶʵġŶ޴ʦʲôѱˡ
ڡʦ֡Ҷµͷ˭µĻشĴذٴģû֯Լˡ
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Ҷʵġ񡱣޴ʦǷɱˣȻִܵԸҧͷҲԸشҶ졣
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ҶԶԣǰλ޴ʦǵĽеһԱ䣬ڳʱӦþ߰ӣܿĳʦֵ
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ڽΪƣɹƭ伫Ҳʹͳķˮʦܵǣһ˺
ΪһĵϵˣϵʹƵȴ޷ԿʱϯйصĽɡ
ԪһʦԬɺ˵ôһ仰ɲˮѧ޳ͷ֮գɼϵ֮ɺˡ
Ԫ˵˵жҲ˲٣һ˴봨Ун˵ذٴʵһε©֮㣬ذٴĴʦ֣Ԫϵġ
СϵɵĻҶܸºǹأɱ˷Ҷ˵׼ҪִϵµĹأϻ˵Ĵڡ
ңңҶүеʲôֺţֵܶһˣǴˮһ˲ʶһˡ
Ҷ̬ȻܶӣȴСŲǣȻүĳƺˣʱﻹʲôʦ緶̬ȹľҶһ㡣
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ԶҲܶأͬúڻԻǲ뱻˼·ѯһ䡣
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սɵĹأǲ˶Դģ±Ҷֶκһ񲻶ȴǹ˲ôˡ
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ҶĻ±æЦ˵ҶүĳȻ֪ˣǺ컨ҶĳҶˣתĺ컨ᡭ
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ڶϵǸֱ˾ѾˣֱĲô˶ѣоԬĶԬ˶
˵ЩֵκһˣܻڵĻԶڼʹȥ¹ãҲҪɽӭ͵ġ
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ҶĿǻ˼֣Ȼ̳ϵ²Լıֲûֱ۵ʶ
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ŶүӣҲ֪ЩҶЩĿԶ
ͬˣҲ˵ˣͷҲˣǺإĴеֱܹסҶ죬ֱˣˡ
ԶĻһһ㣬СŮҲ뵽ԼүүǰȻǰˣ
ʵڽǰۣӴӵ룬չ˲ٵİɵӣڵϻᣬǰ֯Զй־Ҳʲôġ
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Ҷ̳Ԫ²˳¾ֱڣ˭޷ϵġ
ԪЩϤǡ1900ǰ˰
Զ߶˼Ԫ֣Ȼǰһ֡
Ҫ֪ڴֱ֮ǰ˲࣬ÿǴڽߣԪȻ뽭ȴļ֮С


184 ү
ЩּǷ帴֮̾еĸɫ˵ȶԼ룬йٸˣз䣬Աܹޱȡ
ϵ´к󣬾߽Ϻͣʱ򣬽ύУɴ˱
ԪĪ֮ܣһλֱʦͽҲԪǸߵ˵ıֵ
Ȼ˶ԪмӣɻһϵõʦвȱȫԸǲУʲô帴
Ԫͣһʱ󣬾뿪ϺʱΪ˱ʾϵľأȫض֧ӣСֱǰִ
峯ƷҲѸٷչʱļλԪΪǰռһԣĴѰҶδá
ٹʮһȫȥˣԪڱ̫ߣ־δڽҲΪˡ
ʱԪʱ򣬲ǶʮͷͣҲһδˣԶǶξжϸļأҪȻʱ˽һ֮ãԶҲ޴ӵ֪ˡ
Թԣʦǰôͷ
ԶԪݵؽҶҲǰľϵ꼫ἰԼ߽ʱ򣬺ܶҶΪ֮󣬲˵ġ
ҶҶ죬ʦԪʦү
ڵ֪Ԫǰ껹ϢԶҶҪӵĲ򶨣鴫ȥȫͺ֯Ҫ
ȻǣҵݹŹŴеҵƶȣֻʦͰϵϾûбѣӺʦд걨鶼ڣƭ𣿡
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Ϊʱͳ滮ս֮ţܶ۵Ӱ￴ʲô˫һˣǹϽ
ȻǸй̣촬άޣڲôȹ̲Ϊִλʲô˵Ǵȥġ
ڻǸԱ൱ҪܲţٷңԱʦͶ軧ɻԱ֮Уס
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ϸ˵ҶȻԪĵմӣǴӳ϶ԣˡ
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Ҷ쿴ԶĬΪΪԼſڿأЩ˵ûϸֻϵһϷԶѡ
ҶΪԪ֮һԪҶ̸߽飬˵Լı֣ЦҶ´ӱ϶ԣʮ˵ˡ
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ҶҶүٺүˣֻƶС
ҶԴԶӴзӦ˹ҶĳƺĲҵˣһԶԶԼͬ˳ΪүӣǾͷʮеĵھСˡ
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Ҷ챻Զ˵׵ｹۣôһʮͷΪƣҶ컹ǽвڡ
Ҷ죬ǮԼԶŮҲԱɵۣ˭û뵽绪˸ǰλԶȻϸñ˺ƣ
¶˵ȥĻʮ˾Ÿţǰ⼸ˣΪԼĶء
վԶ±үӵĻȴΪȻ׻˵޹زɷԲ˵Զʮܻ꣬ֻ߰꣬ҪԼǰеӣǾҪذĹء
үүô
˰֮ԶǸŮȻعվүү°ڣô󣬻ûүү˭˹أ
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ŮĻԶҿһۣʧߣղҶĻˣ̲סǰѯȴЩʺġ
ǣүүǽʲôû
ǮȻԣԶѾֻ㬵ŵ˫۾ѩ˳ȥʱȴӵؿһҶ졣
Ȼ֮ǰѩС÷ڸǮǰδҶ죬߹ǸоҶë²ΣԸԼ޴ʦ
Ǹղ飬ȴø߹һʱڴԶֹͣתλںܶ쵼ǰ٩٩̸үӣȻҶ캰ү
ԭʮ޴ʦǻ˸һ㣬ӰĸԶ廰ضûˣҶԶĶԻ޴ʦпܾӱġ
ʵ޴ʦûв廰ʸԶ֮ܺҶϻΪ֪һǰǶ
±֪Ҷ챲ָߵþ˶ѣԪȴһ֪֪ԪɱΪΣվҶǰûˡ
ҶүȻһˣҿС޵飬ͲҪһʶˡ
ȵǮһ˳ȥԶҶ˸еڣļʶȻֱܷҶղǷ١
Ҳ˵ֻҪҶԸ⣬ʱܳΪ˶ġֱڣȻδؾҶΪУַֻҪӣպҶ춼Ҫغүˡ
˿֪±ȻҲˣԶȴǲٽ޴ʦˣƶɭϣб屲˺ʦİ
ԶԼ飬±ͨһҶǰͷؽͷ֮󣬿˵үģð˼ңⲻ
Ҫ֪ᡰ޴ʦһֱ㷲ΪǽйǮ飬·ϵĹأǵһƤ
ⶼʲô°ơơ±ȻģҶ첻Զ
Ҷү˵
仰ҶﲻһıŤǼԶЦеشӦ͸ˡ


185 Ŵ
ҡ˵ƣҲүӣҲҶүǾǸ꽻ҶвУ
ȻҶ֪ĹأǱʮͷƺүôת˽ﵹǻ˵ȥˣԼҪΪʸ֮ˡ

Զһ£˵УͰҶүͰ˵İɣҶ죬պĽãһҪƺҶүġ
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Ҫ֪ڽԺ󣬺ܶж뿪˹ڣϺٹ̵
ִǸϼأӰӴý壬۶Ǻܺã͵ͬںһ㡣
ΪйںµġҶʦȻԸʶ䣬ȥ뵽֮֯ˣʹϵдҶҲֻǲ̷ʦĺˡ
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ȻҶ켴ʹЩôҲûʲôµģǵһܵʿˡ
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ܶ˶Ϊ޴ʦеļӣʵȴֻ֪еһֶζѡ
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ϲ֮±ظҶһˮ˵үȻСģȴǲܲأǴ˴յԽ𣬻үЦɡ
ŲˮŵҶǰģһʮԪֽ֧Ʊ±ڹھԸ߹ӿԽҲͱˡ
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Ҷղ˵˲ڹڷչʵ±ĶڹھԾͰ֧ƱóТҶˡ
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ʵ֮ԶҲ±ĵϸ֪λ绪Ȧﶦ㣬ʵֻһˡ
ô˵±ҲͬˣǸԼĹڣԶǳ԰˵˼仰
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Ҷ֧ƱԶҲ˿ҪҶ첻գǾʹûҹȥ±ҲҪ¸Сָ˽µġ
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һžŶʱ˵ſ״ᣬصһλۣܻͨ³̣ܻᡣ
γĺܻᣬɢػ֧ĸɣ˽ȥо̨۵
±ǡȫ򡱻ȦġʦͬҲǺܻеһʵȨɣɳǰ̨УҲǺŶһ֧Ŀء
Ŵ᣿
Ҷһ£ԺжʱִŸֺװīĺʿ󣬲ðֵƣҿû˵ҪţҲҴȥպҪʲôҪ˵ġ
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Ҷ죬ȵȣһеҪæء
۳ҶҪ߳Զæס˴ڣҪѰҶˣҶô뿪
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Ҷ֪ӹȨעˣûʲô³ȻͨҪ͹һԿ۵Բ
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ڹڵķ֯Ȼǡ帴һȺѱ׼췴齨ģȨ߶֯϶мɻ䡣
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ҶüͷԶнղǸŮҵŮѩѩҡΪ
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Ҷ⸱飬ԶѲ³лУֻǲԸԼѡ
ȻԶûΪҶòԣֿΣʱ̾ԶԼҲԸġ
ԶǸˣеĶ˺ͰڣԱ֮ΪƷȻƷǾм۸ˣſھͿǧĸ߼ۡ
٣ǧ򣿡
ҶҲԶĴֱʸһҲʮңǶʮԪ֧Ʊģǧ֣ȷҶЩˡ
Զһߵ±ЩĽؿҶ졣
Ҫ֪޴ʦȻƭΪά֡ʦۣһҲϸԣǧҲǱʲСĿˡ
ǧҶ죬ҪǸоӶԼ
Զ˵ΨһŮȣǧﲢʲôԸҲóǮȥŮİΣ
ԶĻҶҲ¶һ˿ɫںܶ˵һʺܿһӶ׬ľ޴Ƹ
Ҷϰʮ⣬Ҳңһкܴһֶ˻Ҳǹ棬õóֽҶƶһ
ʹҶļͥѾǱȽϸԣˣɴ˿ӵǧĲƸǹĽʲôӰ
߰˷ӣҶűüᶨԶ˵ƣʧˣҲûˡ
ʲôûˣ
ԭ׮ɽеʮþȵԶҶĻ󣬲͵վȻҶûзҶ쾹ȻܾǸǮ
Ҷ죬ĺҪҪǧвУԶЩģ¿һ۸
ƣ¶ͲˣûˡҶ˿ûԥֱӾ;ܾˣʮֵ
Ҫ˵ǧӴĲƸҶûջǾƭ˵ģҶ׼ӦԶʱȻһ
ԶŶǧջԼԼûֵܵסջô´ŸߵļԼԼǷ񻹻Эأ
˲ʲô飬ֻҪ̤˵һ˶ħоͽᱻ򿪣ûֹģܿסԼվͽ档
ͨҶ죬ʱȫ亹Ϊ򽫷Ļһľ϶޷ͻˡ
Ǿˣѩѩ˰ɡ
ҶؾԼ̬ȺܼԶ̾һʹһЩֶΣǶҶ죬Զҡ
Ҳ˵ҶеĳȻλҶǷˮʦݣԶҲóȻۣԪĵӣ֮
ƣҲǿԸĵġ
ԶǷģҶ쵹Ƕ˼֮ģ˵ƣŮɣҸô¡
Զ֮ǰ˵ѩѩвֻܲ⵹ǺϵһЩйأȱҲ˵׼ġ
ģҶа취һ£ȥѩѩ
ԭʧ֮ԶҶĻ͵شɳվԺȫݳ˷䡣
ƣֻ˵û˵һɰ
Զ˷䣬Ҷ첻ЦЩΪ̥ܵ˺ѩѩһˣҶҲǺް취ġ
үҸ㱭衭
Ҷ⡰үֱֻת˹±ͬǿЦѣȴòЦݸҶ˲赹ˮ˭öԷǡү
±֪Ԫ¼Ҷղ˵ܸ¶һŵģҶܹݣƭԶЩǮưˡ
Ҳá޴ʦĽ֮־мӣԼһ׬ǧ˰ģҶһ֡²Ҫǧˣ


187 ѩѩ
ʵһƭ֯ΪڹĴ޴ʦνǾḻˣ⼸ʮƭ֣ûһҲаʮˡ
ִ֡ССؽӣǸӦ䡣
һЩ֣Ҫķʱ䣬ڽǰʱ򣬽Щˣеĸ߹٣Ϻ̲Ĵ󸻺ǶҴ
±ȻȲǰҲķʱһ֣һξƴǧµһ˿˺üꡣ
ǰҶȣ޴ʦ͸еˣǾʱķĻ˸ֶΣƭǸһ硱֡
Ҷֻ赭дؼ仰ԶϸŸǮмصпԶ±еĪ
Ҷ죬Ůˣ㿴ô෨Ҫǳȥ𣿡
Ҳ˵±վ˼룬ԶѾǰŮ滹ŸǮͺѾѩˣѾˣȻ¼֪
үүҿ𣿡
ȻСѩѩƼĺ֮ңȴǼöˣүүǸͷ׷˸ѩѩлżֺ档
ղԶԼ±˵ĶԻȻҶģǻе˼Զ±һٶˣȻҶ
˶кĵģһѩѩͲסҶ죬ƺϿ仨һ㡣
ûòҪСС
ŮĻԶһ˰죬ȴǲ֪ѩѩƺҶʲôʣֵĻ˵ҲҪһүˡ
ԶһΪѵӣҶ첻Ц˵ƣӦñŮϸ꣬ͽҶɣǸ۸ġ
Ҷá
ѩѩǹɣؽһҶ죬֮סˣҶҶ磬㡭үүʲô
֮˺Զ˽Ƶļ֮⣬ѩѩû˭үүơƺʹǰλҲǳƺġ
ѩѩǮҲɵۣԼȥһȦҶүն˼ͷ˺ֽ˰ӲɣȻôĳƺˣ
ˣʵıʣҶǱȥ㿴
ûҶ𻰣ԶѾѵŮһ䣬Ҷ캰Ѿ⣬бҲܲ𰡡
СߣǼôĶ
Զһ£ֳԽ˸Ǯһ䣬Ҷ죬ҶȻñ֪ݣԶҪһµġ
ǣүүİɡ
ǮӦһҶЦҶ죬û뵽ز¶ͷҪһ¡
ǮǸˬֱƢȻ֮ǰЩҶ죬׻˵֪߲仰˵ҲǱĸҶǸˡ
֣Խ𲻶Ѿ𣿷޴ʦʲô
Ҷҡҡͷת±˵ޣ߷ӣԽƭ¶Ͳ˵ˣѾǮ¶Ҫõġ
ʵϴμǮʱҶ࣬ؼϾʱҲռһԣǮڵҵڣƺǿǰ޽ɡ
Ҷ벻ν±Ľ鵹ҲܺŪȥ˱û£õ˵ˡ
ǣҶү֪ˡ
±ʶҶθѩѩģҶĻȻЩ⣬ȴǲΥҶ˼
ˣ¡ϼˣôϻҲҪɱ˳̺ء±׼ŸǮݵʱҶͻȻڷԸһ䡣
ǡ±Ҷ˵һݣæӦ
Ҷղ˵ġ¡֣ǽеһ¡ǷУר˵ԷĻ֮ϣ
һ㡰¡־Ǻ͡־õģöԷٸϣϾܽԷǮͳˡ
ڡɱȴǡǧ־һڣ˵±Ǯ࣬˵Ѫ֣֮ǮֻǰŰɣֻԵǮȴԸǮ֡
ʱ򣬾Ҫáɱˣһ˵±ɳ˸ŸǮȵ㣬ǮճΧ͹֮ڣ˹Ҳ磬ס
ʱ±˹ڣŸǮŷɻܵȥѰ޴ʦѵģҲǡɱĹЧˡ
Ҷ漸仰ʵ²ҪΣʹֶթȡǮǮˡ
Ҷ±֮⣬ȴǲԻ˼Ÿɶк˽İڻԶҲġ
°ɡ
ȵ±뿪Ҷѩѩ֣ԶҶ֪Ůʮ꣬ӣ˵ʮҲŵġ
ǰѩѩЩţҶЦҪ£ֲ˵ģˣԼ֪𣿡
Ҫ˵Ҷ߽ô꣬沿Ŀƣ¯ģ˿̵Ҷ쿴ȥһͰڼҴ硣
ҶģҲѩѩеĽȥ˵֪ũʱģܶ˵ǹڣܲõġ
ţ֪Ļٰ
ҶЦЦָʮ󣬿˵ũգһŰ˶¶գҲũʮ壬Ԫڡ
Ҷ˵ԪڣҲѩѩеĹڣֳΪ°롱״ȥ³ͷŰ£³棬°ϰס
ʱֽǮڤյúܶ࣬Ա㡰áͬʱдֽװֽǮʱգơհ
ڵ֪ѩѩֺҶ۾ֵָȴڷɿָһʱڵձÿŻ˼֣Ӱ쵽Ҷݡ
߰˷ӣҶſ۾üȫأԶһæʵҶ죬ѩѩ壬ô£㵽ʲô
Ҷһ£ʵƣ㣬ѩѩǲǾо촽ϣƤףһʲô˶ʱ򣬾ʹȥ
ԣԣѩѩ߰궼Ǻõģǵ˾ʱһδȥɽɽͳ˵
ҶĻԶͷгϣȻҶ˵׼֢״ʮа˾Ҳнİ취ġ
Ҷ˵ͷԶ˰֣ѩѩʵѩѩǲǴʮԺÿ賿ңо䣬ȫһֺ̹ǵʹ
ǣҶ磬䰡ĿڻʹҡûҺүү˵
ҶĻѩѩðǸµĺӣΪ˲үүģһǿŲʹûиԶ
ֻҶСȴҲ̲סˣΪʹĻ˸оҲҿСѾͷ־ͣ


188 
⺢ӣôүү
ŮĻԶ¶𱸵飬ḧŮͷҶ죬ʵôǲǲ
ҶûлشԶĻǵͷԼһ£̧ͷ˵ѩ㣬ѩѩȥ̰ɣĴæ˴ˡ
ҶĻԶѩѩɫͬʱˣ˭Ҷ֧ѩѩ˼ѩѩԼ
Ҷ磬˵ɣѩѩµġѩѩʹҧ촽ԣոһյʹ࣬һõѵĺá
Ҷû˵ǿԶ뷢԰׵Զ˿û̽ķˣƺ˰֮˵ͷ˵СѩˣӦ֪ģҶ죬㡭˵ɡ
ԶͷҶ쿪˵ƣһ֪ûŹ
СѩԶɳϵһֱˣɫ𾪵ؿҶ졣
Ŷ˵˭е֪ģΪβѩѩβأ
ҶЩ⣬֪־֢ˣǵҽ֣ǿɿ̽ʦһҽԺȴǼ鲻ġ
ȻǾ֢ҲȫܾεģһֻҪܿ޷һ²黹ǿԵģҶ쿴ѩѩӣȴûеõⷽơ
Զҡҡͷ˵ģһλҽ˵ģĩιĵӣҲֻǻɣûܰСѩˣҶ죬ô°
ʵҶιʵҪİѩѩͨⲡģֻѩѩĸĸҽѩѩԶβȥˡ
˭֪ûãˣַ֮ȥλҽʦιȴʣԶȻŹȴ֪Ȼġ
ԭǺιĵӣֲ֪
ԶĻҶ˵ͷιĩڼ亼ҽ꣬ϰҵͨҽ㽭ҽרѧУ󣬺ιһֱνְ±鼰ȫء
Ԫ߽ʱιЩ˵ҽߣںҶ̸ԼʶЩʱص˵ˡ
ƣСѩĲҲȫû취ģȺ˵˵ɡ
ԶеӣҶ쿪˵һ徭ɵ֢־֢֣֮֡ŮʮΪʳӷ֮ʮΪһ£ڶҵʱ򲡷һҲھҾͻᲡһһ꣬СѩǾˡ
ڸղѩѩʱҶͷ֣ڳǰһʱڣйһνѣĸʱɷ룬Ȼ˹ȥȴǸδѩѩ˲
ѩѩΪգ׳ƵĹŹؿһ죬Ҳһ֮ؼɷ֮صһգΨʱճˣһŻỼ첡֢ġ
ҶҶ죬ǡСѩĲûеΰֻҪκãֻҪѩѩܵٶǮԡ
ҶĻԶ۾ݺᣬڴ˿̣λһǿˣֻһ۰Ůүүʲô˺ˡ
ƣǷģûõģ¶롭
ҶûؿԶһۣϼһղ۾պˮľٶѹûӹҶĻ۽𾦣ûôƭġ
ȡȿȣ룬롣Ҷ˵СԶЩεؿ˼ȴǲٴҶˡ
ʦ˵ļɻ֮£ھȻˡ
Ҷ󱳿ɳϣȴǳֳϵ̵ĳ
СҶӣֻ˵һ滹һԭǾǡȫߡȫʱˣһǲġ
ʦΪʲô
ʱˣʱ򣬾пʹı䣬оʹļɻ䣬ԼסĽ飬ҲҪ׸
ԪĶԻسԺǰСǰȫһеļɻ䣬ҶһʱҲЩòˡ
Ҷ۾üͷʱʱһѩѩɵ˵Ҷ磬Сѩûµģ㲻ܷ
ѩѩĻҶ͵۾Ů壬ҶͻȻһ仰ɷ£Ƿǣۻ
뵽˵仰ҶвЩ˵ƣСѩĲҹˡ
ղѾѩѩȻûĳ̶ȣҲй©زأٽһˡ
а취κСѩĲԶһץסҶĸ첲¶
а˳ɰգƣˡ˵䲻Ļ֮֮⣬һˡ
Ҷ˵ʱţΪ첡֢Ҫģʩܹ߱ͨԪһ³Ҷûˡ
ƾʩչߵȴͬ
ߵǿ£֮󣬶ƾ󷨣ȴҪƽ࣬Ҷɵ˺Ҳϴôġ
Ҷ죬㡭˵ҪҪǮ
ղŹҶܾˣԶҶ췴ڣҴҵؾ˱֪꣬ҶһˣֻҪӦ֮󣬾ͶȻڻŵġ
Ҷ˰֣˵Ǯ£κ֮˵ɣƣҴӦСѩβڻУҪϸһصġ
һأСѩѾʮˣ˵ʮ⻹ôȵ𰡣
ҶĻԶʱˣⲻˣ𣿸ո˵СѩһˣҪϸһأ˥үӺҶƴ˼ˡ
ǰҶ죬а취ĻСѩβɡѩҲһȰ˵ţѩѩǸ̬ģȷϧ
ҵ밡ɡ
Ҷ̾˿˵СѩβǰңǿǰΪʦһΣǴŵµһҹͷûָܻ㰡

Ҷⷬһ˵˿Ŀ⣬УǶóҶ˵ľԲԡ
ǡѩѩô찡
ҶԾŮȴҶ㣬Զɽһ㣬˶оۺϺµġ
һ꣬һ룬ҵĹӦþָܻˣžСѩƽϣܱһ֮ٷ
Ҷһ֮󣬴İóһŷΪ˷ĺԺšģʱɹţһڡšһҲó


189 ĹЧ
ʲô𣿡
ҶͳһŴƻֽ滭ЩŤ߰˵ĹȻ˵Ůһ겻ٷԶϵɫڸҶ죬š
ƣŲ㣬ⶫСѩĲҪȷء
ҶûصԶһֻۣҪѰѨҶڸ󷨾ˣȻͿԽˮҵ
ȴҪҶ챾Ԫģһ϶ԣҶĿеĵλѾǲڷˡ
ܱؼһ壬պпѩѩĹЧֻҪǷȥѩѩÿʱʹࡣ
ļٵİ
ԶһɻĽӹȥؿĺžôһֽȻܾһķʹ
ҶŮ֢ΨһˣԶȻвĹЧȴҲȥѯҶˡ
Զľʱ±͸Ǯ˳
ƺ±¡־źĲǮ˷ܣԶüشһֵֽʵүүõʲô
ԶĲɵشҶ˵ǷСѩĲٷ

Ǯǰһתѩ˵ѩС÷ǰʱ䲻ǸʲôƵţ˭𣿡
ںѩĹϵͻͽǮźĽӴҲ֪һŻֽƽʱƬ̶ģǮһΣȴһµġ
ǰС÷롭񡭡Ҷ컭İɣ
Ǯᵽ¶ѩҲŮӶԹĶ⣬ûиǮǵ
Ŷ˵ʲôǮѩĻԶ۾һ¡
С÷˵񣬺Сʲô
ĿһɷôöŮ˵ڣǰֻһΣѩҲǲˡ
һնС÷һɷ⵲ɷġ
Ҷ֪ʹԼ˵ԶϼһҲȥ֤ģ֪˺ܶ࣬Ҳй˽
ԣԣǽʲôһնǶɺʹˡ
ѩԶһŰɵӣ˵үү֪С÷ǰǸĴܲŮһȺǴʲôһ֮󣬺СøõĲˣ
ʵһɷҪǶˮԭһնֻһãȻҶǲԸȥ͵ġ
ѩ˵ĵ棿
ԶȻѩģ۾ȴǽضҶ죬Ҷһ׼
ȻҪȥС÷򰡡ԼĺıɣѩеЩˣֻû֣үѹû˵ʲô
˵ҶѾ˵ˣŲ㣬ˣһ֮Сѩǻ廹ûãڱɡ
ҶúϺ˵ǿ󻹺ԼЩԨԴҶѹͲµģΪô׵ģϴҶͲûԼС
Ҷ죬ҪСѩ°ɣҲѧһҲûʲôġ
ȻҶĻѾʮ֮˾ţŮߣƺԶûзҶ߰ȫɣԶת˲֮ʹ⡣
Զ뷨ԼıŮҶ죬ǶҶΰ˵ѩѩҶүүǻǮŮܵίɣ
붼룬Ҫָ壬ûźŮƣ˵ô߰
˭֪Ҷ˿ûԶӣñȷ黹죬ͲûָԶıˣⷭٶȣһ˶Ŀɿڴ
ⲻ֪ҲҶģһ꣬ȷûʱȥܱ£ĺԺϣҶҪ泤ڱչأſܶһйȥѩѩ
Ҷ֪ͷǸƤƵĽɫҪɫϾ֮ܽͬЩ˸Ӵŵ˵
ҶôһģҪϾԶǵС˼
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ԶҲҶˣһʱûӦҪ֪жʮ깦û˸ô˵ˡ
ٲǻҪţҶܾŮ£͵ƾҶݣֻҪѺܻôһ˵ԸˣǴһƣҲֻŵġ
ˣǸ˰
Ҫ˵Ǵ۽ģĪڸǮˣǺǴ񫣬ܵȦĳѵΨΨŵŵģ־˵ȥŵġ
Ҷ죬ǡǻʲôҪע𣿡¹ŮԶҪʵϸһ㡣
ûʲôҪעģŷͷ˸һ£Ҫˮ𡣡
Ҷ˵˵ͻȻ뵽һ£ɫؿԶ˵ƣ㲻ôѾ˰ɣ
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һǴԪģ㵱ǲгĴײ˰͵İ
뵽ղžܾԶǧҶоˣǿܺ˲ŹأֲƵģƾɶǮϵܺ𣿡
ˣ㡭˵Ǯ𣿡
Ҷһ仰ʱԶŷӦ˹˵ͨʣؼҶղűֵĴȻӽǮ˭뵽ΪֽҪǮ
үʲôǮһȴǸҶ˿źͳȥ˵Ǹˣ֪ʱص˷
֪С÷ŷʮġŮ˶֣ѩ֪ĸˣͻȻһ仰˵ҶûѪ
ðɣʮ򣬸Ǯ
ݺݵصѩһۺҶԶ֣ȴڵѪ̵ģС÷ܺԶǰҵ˰
ãã֧ƱҶ죬ʮɡ
ԶЦõķԸһղŲ֪ȥ˸Ҷ쿪֧ƱҶıʵڹڹ죬ҲҶŭ˶Է
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壬ϵɱ̫أҪǲһ£ҶԶԶش⴫˹
ȿȣϸߣȥҶ죬ʧˡҶѾ˷䣬æؽһں׷˳ȥ
ȸǮҪ˼֣Ϳλ޴ʦЩԾռȥҶء
үǡСҲ̫˰ɣ
ҶԼ˶ʱûǾԶĻ׷ȥɵҶ졣


190 
ҶʮˣҲܿպ£İɣһҶ죬°ɡ
û뵽ǣԶҶĻȻΪȻðĴһʱЩ·ˣ֪Ըȥµʱ﾿ʲô£
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˺ǻԼ⣬Զʮˣû飬һΪǿƵүȴǶСƴӡ
Զ̾˿˵ƲˣֻҪ룬ʱ⼸ʮŵӵڣ㲻Ҫȥ˹أҶסġ
ֱ
ԶؽߣҲɵۣͳʮʱŰѲ˵ϽֿˣǸÿ˫²֪մȾ˶Ѫ
ڰʱΪһӱ뿪ۣԶϲ£ͽһֱߣͬˣȻֱ֪Ԣˡ
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Զ˰һۣʵȴ˵ǮѩģҶ֪Ǵ©ȥģӶʲô
ǣүү֪ġ
Ǯѩǰˣ¶ĸоԶû𺳣Ҳ֮˾ͻȥӴҲˣ˵Ҳû˵ȥ
±ǸὫ¶ȥˣڹڳôĳ󣬻˰ĹأʹҶ첻׷֪ĻҲûʲôùӳԵġ
ʦ˵ûȻķˮʦ׵ķҪ׵
þƵҶı鲢ûڷǰκڽ˵Ȼ⣬ﴧżһٶҵ֧ƱҶ컹Ƿǳ⡣
ǽɵƭӣҶķˮʦɻһֶͬģǾǡ̰֣ѩ˵Ʒ۸ЩҶ죬Ѳٽ黳ˡ
뵽ԼղܾܾǧƸջȴССļʮϹڻҶҲЦһ˵Լδؾû׬ǧĻᡣ
ˮʦǿʲôԷģȻǸ˿߷ˮռĶ˵еһĿѩѩҲûҶ˵Σ
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193 Ԫ
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194 ˿
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̵ġͨԡͨ⣬΢˵ľ
ѧʽ΢ҶܹͨԪȴ֮٣Щ˼ʹ෨ҲὫ䵱ױ֮߸ġ
Ŷ̽ŴӽڴѪĸоҶƺ˽·صǧǰһ㡣
¶ûºۼͽ޺۰ɡ
ҶָڽϷƺڻӦҶĻһ㣬̽һ죬ɷȥ֮ͨ
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Ҷ죬ԷˣһؼҾ˰Ҷ찮ֵذŶ̽ʱ⴫Ĵõĺ
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Ҷ죬ô°ǡǲıˣҶ뿪֮½ϸѯҶ֮顣
ҽĲûа취Ҷ켸Ӿת֮½ǼͣҲͷƤ飬һζԼǡ
ΪһΨߡ½衴Ӳй񣬵Լϵ飬޴ӽǼӲţʹҽԺܳҶˡ
衸磬¶Ҳ֪ô͡ϣǿ϶ûеģһӰ쵽˵˼άҲ԰֮Ϊų֮ǰԣִܵųӰ졭
½衵ĻҶЦһ¡֪ͶԷЩʣԾ֯½ܽܵԡ
ǣִųΪģȻγɵأ
ְҵУ½׷ȥǸоǰİЩԾҲκεһҽԣǼʹ顣
Ҷҡҡͷ˵衸磬͵ȻİɣԺֳʱ򣬰ϣԱߴųҵġ
Ҷ첻Ĺ飬ֻһǣУʹʦҶܲҲ½ЩܶԸ˵ġ
⡭Ҳ𣿡ҶȻ߸½衹ȥʮ֪һʱѽܡ
ҶͻȻ˵衸磬ǻᾩ33·飬㲻᲻֪ɣ
㡭˵Ǵε£ҲΪųҸ˾˼άµģ
ҶĻ½衶ʱɫɷףҪҽԺﻹҪѿΪµĺڣģһֱδҵ𰸡
ھʮһ·ݵһҹһʻԲ԰վͣԲ԰ŹվԱߣѾǵĩ೵ˡ
ʱϳ˾һŮƱԱλ˿ֱͣһķ򸾺һλ̫лһСӡ
ڳչųվ׵ʱ˾Ȼ˵ǴҹľȻڵȳһվ̨ȥ֮һȻ·Ӱ֡
ǸƱԱȽϺ˵Ǵҹһ೵ˣô䣬ɣ˾ͣ˳˭֪֮ȴˣΪм仹һ
˾ֵǣ˶峯ٷɫ԰ףϳ֮һ仰˵ƱԱƺЩˣ˵ڸĹװϷģû·ɣ˰ֻ̫̫ʱʱػͷһۡ
ֹվǶķһվѾ˳˾ƱԱ˵Ц졣
ʱλ̫̫ͻȻվҷ˷ƵĶǰСӾʹ򣬿л˵Сϳʱ͵Ǯ
СӶʱۣվ̫̫ôôѪأ
̫̫Ҳ˵ŭСץӾǲ֡
˾ƱԱʱˣ˵ǰɳҪȥɳﳳѳͣ·ߣ˶ȥ
³֮С̫̫Ҫȥɳ̫̫һִˣ˵ҸղǾ
СӺܲ⣬͵Ǯô;ҵ
̫̫˵ղŷ紵ʱҿ峯·ˣûȡǺһϣʲô³
ⷬһ˵ŵСǻ亹æɳȥ˾ֻ֪ĻȻûб񾯲ܣû˸
ǵ˵ڶ죬˾ȥˣ˵ĩ೵һ˾һŮƱԱʧˡ
ʱ򣬾ھɽһٶ๫ˮ⸽ҵʧٵĹڹڷһһŮظõʬ塣
ϸ˵ͨƵ·ڼӣȴǲûзͨ
½μӵʬ죬Ƿһ£ڶ̶̵ʱڣʬǲܸصġ
þ޲ߣֻܹ֮ýıʱȻѾȥ࣬Ƕӵ½˵ȴǼ¡
Ҷ죬ô֪ģ½衳ʵδƵһֱ̰
Ҷҡҡͷ˵衸磬뻪԰ֲԶ֪ܲ¶Ƕ·ʱɷصµģҲûҪȥ׷ˡ
ʱҶ֮󣬵ȷֳܵȥһԡһأڵų仯һЩȽĳϫʱ򣬾ͼĳЩ¼ķġ
ʬ帯õ飬͸׽ˣɷصĸʴԡ
ҶѶ̽طʹóеɷ֮ܲЧԶԶǸʴֿġ
ǸʲôأԷˣ˶Ҫˡ½衻׷ʵʱҶĺһʣԼվˡ
߰ɣȳԷȥͷ̡½ҡҡͷȻûȫҶĻҲʼʱôųˡ
Ҷ죬õﰡ
Ҷһ߽ҶƽͲѵȻŶģɻЩĹڲȷЩᡣ
ˣҵˣ֣
ϰֵĻҶ첻ȻʧЦ෨ҪʹܵӦ֣Ҷϰߵľͽ
ʲôÿİǸذ𣿡
Ҷƽ˶һۣ½ǰóⶫȻֻǸҽҲھϵͳ˰ŶӣҶƽֽ̽˹ȥ
⡭ǰѽ
ȥסĴֲҶƽ۾ʱЩֱû뵽һȻܱڵӣ
ûⶫҵˡ
ϰһβӣҶ˶̽Ȩֽ˹ȥ˵֣ͷһƤӣԼʡ
һ֮Ҷ˵ˣͷҸĸƬٰ֤ɣҪȻҳŴŲ㡣
ͷЯͭذ֮ĶҪûģղ֤˵ˣҶ֪ϰ·ϼǮҸȨſ֤ġ
СӣⶫŵܣҶƽһۣ֡
붼룬ҵˣҶϰ֣û˭ߡ
ִҶӣû˵ˣƽ㶼ˣͶʲôͷȥҶɶ֤ˣ
㣬˵ô찡Ҷƽֱ缸䡣
С㶮£˲ˣҵĻ㶼ˣ̫̫Ų͵ܵܽأֱӾ͵۾
ðɣ׼°άǳԷɣ
ȻҶƽҶεļڴǰǶ䲻磬˶һ֮к˿ʼԷˡ
Թ֮½ȥҶķ̸һЩҶҲ޷˵̫ףȥʱ½衻ЩԺġ
ţôЩ
֮߱ҶԭȥĺԺǱ߿ģͷǸоЩ꣬һ֮Ҷ췵صԼķ䣬ȼһ̴㣬Ŀ
ϰֻйϵô͸
һ֮Ҷҵͷԭƺ׹Ŷ黹꣬պҶƽܵһЩǣ
ҶƽףʮֵģʹҶҲ㲻պ󽫻ᷢʲô顣


199 ׷
˼޽֮Ҷ־һλϰ塱ȥƬ֮Ҷ۾üͷ΢΢Ȼ²ܾϡ
ӸղŵУҶ췢λϰ塱Ѿ뿪˱λ򣬶ҪȥĵطӦ³ľ롣
ҶǰЩʦȥٵط߱ȫأֻطδ㣬һƹغ½ˡ
ҶоǣԼҪҪ׷ȥЩˣһϿպ״ܴ鷳Ҫ鷳òڴԴͷ
λϰ塱ɷأ˵ҲмõǣҲеˡ
λ󷨵ˣǵҶͷϣҶ֣˽ء
ֻһһȥҪ£ʱ䳤һҲ˵׼ҶǸĺԺӪбʲô½֮󷨲С
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ڷ߶ȦҶ⣬ϲϱң鹣ҶպĻָͻҲûʲôô˾֮Ҷ˶Ҳȥ׷ϣģҶа˾ųɵİ½סǵġ
⼸㣬һҪԼ๤ҽ״ԼλãܳκεĲҪԶţͰˣ
ĺԺҶҵͼֽϵļҪָ˳󷨵ڣݲһ˿
ҶܣͷİɣȻϸҲǵһθˣලǵġ
֪ҶϰϵУظ˱֤Ҷ΢ʵ󷨶̫Ҫˡ
˵ʱҶƽӸһƹƤһݾĳȨղ֤ӼٿӵȻҪ׵ˡ
ⶫǲ
ڷæһ죬ҶؿƤʣƤϻһ󷨣ö̽еɷʧͬʱֻҪʣ˭ܲһѷ
̽ʳָҶ·ۣ֮̽󣬸պôԼСֱ۴ֱۣоƽʱĻӰ첢Ǻܴ
֣ҳȥһˣʮܻɡڶ緹ʱҶϰ˵¡
Ҷƽ˶һۣڴȥȥ£°
ٺ٣ϰ֣ɶͷе
ҶЦеϰ֣ǮֻǰӸ֪֮ٲģȴǲ˼ҪСǮ
СӣǵҶƽûط˿ӣת˳ȥ
С죬ҪȥﰡҶƽԶӶоϰˣùȴǹֶӣҶֻǸʮͷĴӰ
Ҷ쵱Ȼ˵Լɱ˷ŻȥˣЦãһ˽ϣûͻˡ
ǧ鰡Լ棡˵䣬Ҷƽ˽ֽһǮӵҶǰ
ҪǮҶ죬ǻǮţҸȥ̫̫ҶƽСǲվҪҶȥǮ
㣬ǶǮ⻵Сӵġ
ҶƽǿЦãһס˴ִ֮Ӷͳǧ飬˵ϽҪȥȡǮˣ
ϰֳԱҶӣʰϵǮԼķ䡣
½µ¶Ҫ΢һ㣬˼ϴ⣬Ҷ컹׼ףǴ˶ñӣԼעͷ
Ѿ֪ͨˣǱҲкҶ룬Ѷֻͳӵϡ
Ҷ첻鷳Ը鷳ͷֻռⶫ˵ͻᱻ˵ϡ
ż򵥵ıһ˶װҶĺԺֱӴ˸˱վ˳ҶһԱĽڣյ˳վ档
Ҷ죬⼸궼ûؽհô壿
վڵľңҶ֮ЦӭþڵļЩ㵣ҶҲ˱仯ʲôֳȰ
ǰгϵǼӣܵԼļνѾǱ·־ֵĸֳ
ڵǼµʼٸߣֳһֱĻмģڵ֪ҶҪһű³ľƱ˳վ
壬һֱû˼鷳ģȽϼҵҶЦúһǰǸѧ
ʲô²壬Żء
ЦЦֱ˵Сʱߣȥ̰ɡ
ֳڵĹϵҸȻʲôҶ֮Ҷ˵˻Ự²ٸҶ·ϳԵˮ˻𳵡
򣬽յùһһĶⰡ
³ľֻһгæҶƾҪ;ǰˣֵʹҶҲԸȥԵġ
СӣҲס䰡гҪʱһ˰䣬ܺƵĺҶ˸к
ǵģ壬ɡҶְ˽˽һ˳ҪʮСʱû컹Ǳûš
÷ɻÿȥ³ľ붼Ҫ𳵣СȥǱ߸ʲô˼Ʊģûͨˣ˶ҶҲǿ
ǱߣȥݼҵġҶЦЦڴ;֮У׽ѣгúҶ֪˵
˽гϲȫǵصıˣ·ŵ½֪࣬и飬ڱ֮ⷢ󣬻ص½Ͷһ޷ĳ
½޻ʮ֮һ⼸ϲȫ½ⷢչúܿ죬ÿ꼸һʱ䶼Ҫġ
СҶǱһ£Ǻһڣ
ʱ򣬳ϲȫ򿪰ͳʳ⻹ƿͷˣͺڡ
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Ҷϲȫһ飬ӼҷˮҶһ֮²Ц
ϲȫЦ˵ûµʱԼϹĥģСҶɲǷ⽨Űڴġ
ԣ˵û
ҶЦŷ˼䣬Ҳû˵ԼݣҲóϲȫΪ֪ˣҶʱʱϵһ仰óϰϲѡ
죬ʱõǺܿ죬˯һ˼֮гڵյվ³ľ롣
СҶȻص˱һ绰
ȻҪҶȥݼңҶִⲻϣվ̨֮󣬳ϲȫ̸꽻ˡ
ҶҲû򳵣˻վ֮󣬾˳һȥܸоõԼλϰ塱ԽԽˡ
һСʱҶվһݵſڣЩЦõǣݵĶ棬ͬһ־֡


200 ̥
һǲǵӿˣ춼ĥŵºˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ̨ȲһСӺĵӾ磬иҢѰҵоʱıʿ˼ָ˵ºڵĵʡ
ǻĹŵѡڹֵĶ棬ҲǴ˼ġ
ǼľƵװʮֺ¥߶ʮ㣬³ľӦҲ൱ˡ
ҶĸӦϰ塱ס棬Ҳ벻һĹס˺ľƵ꣬˴򽻵Щ
ΧžƵתһȦ֮Ҷ챳űߵǰ̨ó֤˹ȥ˵㣬鷳һ¥һķ䣬εݡ
ڿ˵Ҫ󣬾ƵûɾܾģڸҶѡҶѡ¥һƵͣķ䡣
뵽֮Ҷ˴ȻؿƵĵͣҶԿÿӳˡ
֣ôһ˰
ϺҶ˴ϣӦһ¡ϰ塱λãȴʮ¥һ
ҶǣоȻ͡ϰ塱һˣҶЩ룬֮׷ٵҪҵ˿ɲǡϰ塱
ȵȿɣҾͲھƵһֱסȥ
˼ʮСʱĻ𳵣ҶҲоЩƣˣɴϴ˸ˮɵڴϺ˯ֻҪԪڡϰ塱ϣҶʱնԷԼߵĶ̬
ҶһʱѾǰҹһһˣϴ˰֮ҶӦԼ˿Ԫ͵һ
ΪҶ췢֣ϰ塱Ѿʮ¥Ǹˣȥ˰¥
ҶظоǸϡϰ塱һ˴ڣû´ĻĹŻӦöˡ
̫ǳ޷̸֪ʲô
Ҷ̳еĴһܴﵽɵľ磬ͨϵһ˿ԪܸӦԷ̸ݣԽֳĻԼлԭеƷҵͨˡ
ֻҶڵΪһﲻ̶ֳȣֻͨһ˿Ԫ𵴣ܵϰ塱ܵĴڱû취ˡ
϶֣ЩѰˡҶЩΪѵͷ
Ҫ֪ƵͷڵģǼھƵڷʲô⣬Ҷ϶ѲɣɲΪĹԼǣȥ
ܲǴھƵɣȼҲҪȥ氡
ҶţǲԵ޹ʵ³ľģǴĳĿĵģʱԼһҵġ
һҶĥ˸취´ӱ﷭һŻֽߵű߽ŷ֮æ
Сʱ֮ҶͷŻֽ޺޵ģ治Ǽ£
ϿŻֽ֮ǰǿ۵˾ܷ֣Żֽ̺˵Ԫǿһˡ
ҶƵŷõĻջֶΣԼڵһԪ۵ֽ֮У˴󷨣֮ɫԪͻ뵽˵ϡ
ŷԭҶڽաϰ塱һ˵Ķ̬һ༸˺ֿжҶץϹˣԲŻŷԼܸӦÿ˵ж
ƺ÷ҶȥϴּžӰŪ֮󣬴ϴּ۾ƺС࣬رˣһۿ϶ϲˡ
ҲҶϵ߽ѧļ֮һϵҶͬˣȥͬһ·û¶κǳʦġ
ȻȲϴ˵еô棬Ҳʵãʹںλϰ塱棬¶Էϲ˭
ñӣҶʩʩȻ˷䣬ݵ¥ھϰ塱ڵķʱϵĻֽСĵ˵ϡ
Ҷ콫֮ǵǰѾҶԪֻҪˣմȾһ˿ġ
ֱеĶӣҶֱµһ¥½ʳҲȫģȻˣƷһǾ̫ϧˡ
ڰ¥һ׼ĿĸСеĴƣ˳ҲУ۾һֱȹķš
˳ȵ쵽³ľ룬֮סطֱżˣһ֪
˳Щų˵ĸо̲סһ຺ʵ磬ʦôˣӻͽʲôѽ
Żԭһа˸ˣʱ̵ľ˳Ҳʮˣ϶˳ʱһεĹʧˡ
Ż˵֮⣬Ҫıˣ·ĹһֱӰӰŵĸеĸ
˳ƤϴΪʦĻͷһӲôۣбۿ˳һۣϴô֪Сߣȥʰ
ãǮҪϴȥ˰磬ͷҪҪԲŵ㣡
ƽʱǣû˸ҽϴķģ˳Գֳɹ˱ʶʮ⣬ϴӦòѵԼİɣ
˳Źﴫͳ
ʦڱŶǮʮȫˡ˳ĽƤŵ˵ǰµ۾ȴס˵еһ顣
ǱЩƣƤûˣҳƣƺһЩţôһ飬˳۾Ųˡ
СߣòǮ򣡡
˳Ϊͷܶ۾ȴûз֣ǰĵѾ¶һ˿Ц϶ΪⱾ飬һĹġ
ʦҪǮʲôðĻ˳ͷĸˡ
ϵЦ֪һֱѧʦֱ죬Сߣİɣʦˣᴫġ
ллʦСһѧ˳͵˫ϥ˵ϣ¶εϲǵһγŵҪ󷨡
˵ʮ꣬˳֪ǰܶλѲ֣϶ǿǰⱾ顣
˳֮ƤǧټƵİݵΪʦͼʵҲΪⱾѣţֻҪԼѧϵı£ȫԲ̵ϢŻˡ
о鲻˳ŵʵʦθɵʲôôãûҪܵȥɣ
ڵڱʱ˵½һֱӳ£˳Ǵﲻͬģ䲻ȴںüˣѹͲԸܡ
ţҲе㲻ףȰⵥ˵СߣһɽھͻȥϢɣ
ллʦȻȥˣúϢ˳͵һǱ˳˷䡣
˳ԭִҪԼ͵ǱԶ߸߷ɵģƺҪðˡ


201 
˳˳ûпʦϵ˿Ц϶ǮжԶܶԶȻʹܣҲǶ㲻ĵġ
ϴ󲢲ǰ׵ģٶ¼˵ɱ֮
ƹԭɽڣڹŴʱطͱ֮Ϊ置ԹƳ桢
صйϷУֵ÷ǳ̸ɫ䣬˭ҲҵǼٵģѧʿഫ֮ҲٲȻΪɷ¡
ִǶڹ߹ƳĿ־壬Ҳȥˣ֮ͬ˵һ㣬ԸֻһЩ˱֯Ĵ˵
Ǽ֪ʵڵģʹڽ죬Щ置ɽҲĹС
ִֻΪ̣ÿֻһˣ˶ҪһػԼĴկЩһ㱻֮Ϊϡ
һĴУѡ̳ߣһѡˣþֲпķѵǣˣܵõĴС
ʮʱ򣬳ΪϵĴ֮һûܾסǲпĿ飬ձ̭ˣһϢӵ߿
ԭ߿ߵ˶Ǳɵģ󣬱ڵһˣѹþȫ˳ȥӵ
Ȼûɥ߿ڣҲ֪ԼصկǻᱻϴģΪѾõһЩĴУչأ֮⣬ǲЩ֪ʶġ
СɽȱļܣԶԼկԭʼɭһºϵơ
±կ˷ֵĵ뵽һկ֮Уȵʮ꣬һμżȻĻᣬĴկϡ
ϵĴܵ˳ϵģֵŵʱجҲ͵ˣλʩչֶΣкüζ㽫ء
վ˽һЩģһ֮ӳʮɽҲЩɵۺͲ֪롣
Ϊʱй뵽ǳʷǰĴ֮УԷĹóˣϯеˡ
Ȼ˲ĥѣǴӱ˵ɽӳĵûʲôᾭ飬ܿͱɿȵ˳Ⱦˡ
֮£ʶһ־ҪȫˣϡͿľͺǴϱ߾̩ȵط͵̡
Īһʮ꣬йǵݣ̩ȹҸ϶ΪװʮǰļǧˣʣµĲˡ
֮УеĴڡ
һ֪ĵʮսϴжαľѾýթ쳣Ҳ޸Ǹ置ˡ
һζܵΧʱ̩һɭеɽһȱָ壬ⱾָйŴһˮʦġ
ʱûаָ嵱£һһָɷ֮ؼΪ񣬵Ѫ֮£ָеﲼһ󷨡
󷨺󣬵һӵװ뵽Ծҿϲǣ󷨾ȻãһʮˣȻɱȫˡ
֣õָ䣬ֻҪһϾͶָе󷨽оá
ֻⲿָȱ̫Ҳûйϣо˼ʮ꣬Ҳֻʹ߰˸
ֻǵҲЩţԼʱѧһЩȻоԼıƣλ֮󣬵̩Ȼ˲С
ֻ˵ʱ˲ãʮĩʱݱ˸¶˳ԭķˮġҴʦòٴ·ֻصʮ
ʮڵʱ򣬲Ƿˮ¹ƶˣûʲôгʱָѧЩĹˮĵʹ˹Ĺ⡣
ʼʱǵǹƥԼɵģںһЩطĹγͻ󣬵ҲԼʮڹڵĹҲλˡ
ʮ̣֪֮Ż֮⣬ûǰ¶档
ҵÿֵĹ֮ǰֻһ֪ҪֵĿ꣬Ʒ֮Ҳڽֳз紵ݶͻһǧ
ԵȻһֱأӹ׷ˡ
;뾯Ҳõ쳣ľǸоЩԣͻȻ뿪ܷͷġ
ڵĵѲȴǰԼŷ˽Żﶼн֮Ҳܹϸ
֮ǰǾǰµһʵӸˣϾӢλ˽ղؼҳԪԵ˵ҲǱʲСջˡ
Ե˵ղҪҪԶӵȻΪҪȡĲʲôǱڴѩɽϵһʬ塣
ղؽ磬廨ղʲôĶУӢһղؼңղعʬȤĳǱвһپ߰ǰʬı걾
һǰйһ̽ջУλղؼҴһɽһߴëƤ·ڱʬ塣
߶ڱʬ壬ëǴղصĽǶȻǴоĽǶȶԣзǳļֵġ
Ӣ֪ԼĿ̫ҲǺܺãʹʬǧıȡҲ޷˳йģͨһЩҵ˵Ǯ֡
³ľ죬Ѿȥ˴ѩɽ
ֻѩɽʮֶӣ޷Ӣ˸ĵص㣬ǰ;Եֻǰ׼΢һ㣬ټж
ĿǰΪֹ˵֮⣬˶֪ȥѩɽĿĺڣ˳һԻ֮󣬵ҲԼͽܴǾ߹ʬԶĽѩɽˡ
Ϊ˲ע⣬һĸ䣬˵ͱסһ˶ǵסģһ֮󣬸ҲԼķ䡣
ĸˣôһ
˶ٿصƵҶ죬һ֮󣬷ֻһûմȾϵҾƣȴҲ޷뵽ˡ
Ҷ첻֪˳뿪ʱ򣬵ѹûгԼķ䣬Ǳǰȥţֻܸϡ
ҶҲû⣬˵СŻһҲᵥжģֻҪסĸ˾ˡ
ȫȥˣ
ڶߵӣҶͷĸ˶ӺһһͣڳԽҰﳾȥ
磬³ľʲôûаϱʲôط
СʱҶ˾Ƶ겻ԶһǸά
Ǳɽء֪𣿾ɽϡ
˺ܺÿͣһҶĴţ˵СӣҪȥɽҪഩһ·ġ
˵ĻҶ˼ص˵ͷֲ˴Сÿ˶˲ٶء


202 ɽ
ʮ·³ľε뿪Ҷ˳·˲ӣҵһ硣
СӣԲμɽΣʳޣסط羰سѲٰʮ˿Ǯܻ㰡
˵ҶҪȥɽΣǸģһͼᣬҶ
ʲôʱأ
ҶԼǮûʲô飬ؼǳʱ䣬̫ĻԸ⳵ȥϾ³ľҲ߰ʮԶ
Ҷǰ˼λ˵ڽǮʮиųܵط
ãұ
Ҷ˵ͷٿǮ˹ȥλ֪ҶҲûȥͺ˸Ҷ쵽ͳȥˡ
ŵĵǸʮά˶ûҶʹ˸򵥵ı˳ֵʵһΰ
ǰȥؿûʲô
ҶЦǰһʱй˵гʷǰһʱǰεҲûֻܼˡ
ʲôﰡάСֹһ䣬ĵ˵紩ް紩ɴؾ͸ˣ㴩·̫ˡ
û£϶µģʱһˡ
Ҷϴȥٵط֪һЩ²ξ޴µҵ񣬻˲ǮʡȴԼŴС鷳
㵹Ǻά嵼γԾؿһҶ죬ʱбĿϳæӭȥк
ʮӵʱ򣬳Ѿˣ׼ʱͣ
һ޼ʵĿأ·ԶŴƬ޻Сʱ󣬳ӿʼ¡
ֻɽ·ҪһģС˶¿Ϊ֮Ƕ͵£Ʋʴӳӹɽ·ۡ
ҲɽչļڣϾܿɽһڵϪ峺Ϫˮڳʯʱѩ׵˻ƺԶ׶ظо
λοͣҪȥɽأλ½вɶƽɽɡؾɽ£ǹŴʯӵγɵĸɽѩ廷ɽϵѩǳˮԴȻҲиõ񻰴˵˵ĸϴĵطСĸϴ衣
ɽά嵼Ҳʼ˽˵ͳЩο˷ܵղͬҶ쾲ں棬ŨԪ
յҵ⣬ԪǿԱģֻͨ˲֪̣ؼĶһԽȱ̵ԭʼشԪҲԽŨ
ûеҶ첢֪ȥܶطȷʵֳеԪΪϡũԼҰ⣬ԪԾҪ߳ܶࡣ
ڳɽ䣬Ҷÿһںоر泩ھ޷Ұ治ףҶ춼˼ⳤסһʱˡ
ʱ򣬳ͣؾµóҶҲΪԶʧһʱ䡣
һ豻ŵı̲ɽɴص׺ذԶĲװع֡
صΧɽϳͦεɼ롢羫ɵ̨ͤ¥ƽ峺ĺˮӳɽѩ壬컣ɾ
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˸һ³ʱ򣬾ΧüСǵһЩɫĻ䣬ĵҲʮǮһ䣬ȻҲҰѩ
ⶫҪݵĵǻԡ
Ҷһѩǵ㣬ֽ˻ȥѩЧѪͨ硢ɢʪһк֢ǧҩԵѩҶƵĻָǺкôġ
ͬοͳԹ緹Ҷ첢ûиȥأʵҪ˷Կףסصľ
Щôɽˣ
Ҷ΢΢üͷղžûͣԽҰһݣŷ֡ϰ塱⼸ˣѾھʮ๫һɽˡ
һ֮Ҷ±˰ҵһĹԱ
ȥѩɽ
ǸԱҶ죬ҡͷһɲУûѩɽͱˣǵɽӵҲȥġ
Ǹ̽ʵǲȼѩɽһתվõ·ݣÿ춼Ҫȥʵ̽ա
Ҷ˼пЬľɽˣԱǵһεļ˵ɽ¿»ûѾܲˡ
Ҷüͷʵɽ豸𣿡
԰һĵɽӣϴ󣬾ͼǸɽӣҶڵɽ֪ʶҲ˽ⲻ٣һֱûḶʵˡ
⵹УһеɽأߣҴȥ
ҶҪɽװǸԱʱһ׵ɽ豸ǼֵƵģȥҲܵõһɡ
ģڰ
ǵɽҶ컹оһ˿⣬ԭܼ򵥣ֻһɽһҰ񣬻һʮ׳ͱͻҶǧٿǮ
Ҷٳŵʱ򣬴ǧǮҶǧҲͲʹˣҶҲֻʣ¼ٿˡ
ΨһЩοǣ˶֮Ǹ̵ĵɽѴһɽѡȥһű
ɽѾǲˣžĳƵ϶˺󣬾Ҫƥˡ
ҶǸСͣɨʱϵԽҰ֪Լ׷ٵ·ûг
ݴ󶫹ϣȵغͻȵ׺ɼܲϲ˹ľԣʱľҲѾЩݻˡ
ŹȵУ洦ɼõĹűӺͱʴòվڹŰ಩ɽ弰䱱һһࡣ
Ҷ˵Ŀĵǲ山µһҲǲһѩܶȴƽѷݺύ
վڸµĲݵϣǿף׵ˮڶʹҶҲͷƤ飬ҪǵȥʬǶҲˡ
ˣɻɣҪԶӪ
λɽȻôΣͷˣԼܵһɽɹ̡̫
˰⼸Ҳоˣ˭ûз֣Ҷ챳а˸ߵĵɽӲһС·ɽȥ
Ҷͷɽϣһ֧ŻѩɽţȻ󣬵ĶҲѸݵģʱʱͷߴˡ
ϵĵͼһ֮󣬵㣬Ҫ壬һطӪ
ǧ׵Ѿѩˣ˵Դһ㣬ܶѩ
ҶһĨڲͬǸӢṩĵɽ·ÿһʺӪĵص㶼ı˳


203 
ɽһСʱƺѾʧȥ˷ȵĹܣӭ洵ѩɽҶҲ̲ס˸ս
Ÿߴľ޴ѩ壬̫£ѩͶӰ׶˼ҵİ
ɽ겻ѩм䣬޾Ĵ̵ԭʼɭ֡
ܵľɡص֦Ѿֻ©°߰ߵϸӰҶУֻԼŲȿݻҶƽ˼ֵľ
ɭֺѩɽ֮䣬ŸѩɽȺҰ򡢲¹ʱҶǰܹȻ㲻ҲѾ˼ĵطˡ
ïܵĴ֮Ѿܿϵı͸ߴĻѩҲȻңҶѻɽ¹ĵɽ
׻˵ɽҶû뵽ɽŴСʱǸƵѩɽۣ֮ҶĲ֪ܷʵȥ
ǾҪʲô
Ӧɽϼ˿ûͣ½Ų˼ǸոյѩɽҶ죬Ѿʼп಻ˡ
ҶȻȥٵطûκʵѩɽľ飬Ψһһɽ֪ʶ֮ǰλεĵɽʱߵġ
ڡϰ塱һ˵ĿģҶʱҲ˺档
ҶԿ϶ѩɽһܹıΪҶζţְҵĹȥרҵɽң
ɽŵϣҶϢһ֮󣬸оԼĽĹڼˡ
Ĳ˵ʱҹĻ٣ļʳƷȻӣȻд˲ʳƫƫûҶϣֻһЩεϡ
Ŷﴫġֱ˵ˣٽ˶⣬Ҷֻܴظˡ
ģ˹Ұ˵ֲû
Ҷһƫִ׼飬һ㶼һߵڵģϵˣȻΪǰʹùġ
ʳҶԣĲ⣬ȡеöʯҶ콫ֳλɭֵıԵ
Ϊ׷ˡϰ塱ˣҶǽҵȫϣɵ󷨣ЧҪԶԶһʯ
ʱһȺ¹ɭбҶ˸־öɵ󷨶ʱתһֻеĲ¹зһ̱ڵϡ
Ҷһ߽ö˻һߺҪǱʦү֪ɱ¹֪᲻Ĵӷĳ
ȻéɽʱҶûٻɽҰζ󷨴ԣ⻹ǵһΣͷֻ¹ȴѾˡ
һֽгһɽţǵҶһںֽ˹ȥȵ¹Ѫʱʵ档
Ȱ
űӽһ¹ѪȵȻζҶЩܲˣ¹Ѫ¶ǵͬʱһС𣬻ĺʱࡣ
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ȻȾһ¹¶ǣҶľȫָ˹ѾҪɽϦǷ˼ɽĴ㡣
һܷڴҶ쾲УΧԪ
Ҷͷٽɽ۴һӰڼѵţɽѾƮѩХķ˲ԾĶ֮޷ܵ
ɽڼÿϼҪһͻĿ紵ĵʹЩǿɵĶصĻʱҲǸоԲˡ
Ϊ˲ʹɢõɽÿ˵䣬ǰıȻãҲǲˡ
ʦµĵطﰡҪˡ
˳ǽһڰٸһѡĻᣬһ׼׼õİҩ뵽Ĳˮ֮У͵Ǳ֮ززġ
ߣȥġ
ʱҲпԣҲû뵽˼ѣһȻ˲ٶӵĻʹ˴ȣС׼ˡ
Ӣ˸صֻһ·ˣɽ֮󵽳ѾźˣӶ𣬵Ҳֻҧȥˡ
ʦ˵Ǿߡ
˵в˼˳һ͸ĺ⣬æͷɽȥ
ҹĻȫʱһڴԽ˺5445׵Ĳ壬ɲ濪ʼɽó̡
ĳ϶ԣǻɽҵǱʣһεľǳԽܶνĵɽҡ
磬ЩŹ֡
ǰıӺȻͣס˽ŲΪ֣ԼǰһЩߴĽӰͫͫһ򵨴ıҲ⡣
ǱǽӪĵطˡ
óǿֵǰȥзһϲĺʮˣҲҪﵽ˼ޡ
Сĵ㣬бѷ죬Ҫǵȥ˭Ȳǡ
ɽһ棬ѩѾͣȻûǹ⣬ĺЩɵļ˶ʱֽŽȺ󣬸˶һƨ˵ϡ
ѶóúóһϢӣ𡭡
΢˿֮󣬵´ÿ˶ϱĶжҰľȻҪҶ죬ʮӹһѾŵ˹
һѩɽϻʢͺ󣬸õϢһᶼ롣
û˷֣ڰҹʱϢ˳ת˺ܴһ֮󣬲ȰԼ

ˡ
ʱ򣬱ӾߺҿѾǱشûлѩˣǴɤһѩá
ľ󣬺ҹȫͬ󣬶ʱǰ澰סˡ
ǰ鲼ѩ׵ɽϣεһ㣬㵽һͻȻƽӿ౦
ȺӱȺһƬ糿һ֮ź⣬羵һ㣬Լӳ˳
ֱʱ򣬱ӵ˲ŷ֣ΧĵϣŲٵ޵ϴһ㣬һɽԱӪĵط
˳Сӻ̵Ĳ𰡣ӽǰɣ
˳ٳûжּ˵ͷ˹ȥ
ˣˣеͷΡ˳
Ժ۾˳оЩͷΣ°ҹûô˯ãǸоε˺üǰɱˡ
˯˳ʹҡҡԴ˳ȥ
⡭ʲô
˳ոմʱͻȻԼǰһϴãϵļⸯһ룬м˿ڱϵġˡ
ʦ磬أ˳ղŶͻȻȫʧˣ·ؼʣԼǰ


204 ѩ

һǰ˲˹Ĺз˵òҲ˱仯Ҫļƴͼһ㣬ָ
ǡ㣿ʦɱ㣬ԩͷծҰǰ˵ò˳̲ס
˽жǺһߵĵĹߣһγĹУ˳ʶ˶һ֮󣬶Լ˳ϷһĹ
ʱԭΪǸĹᣬǽ֮ȴ־ȻһĹѳƷƣʱԻǵ۾
֮ǰ˵һҪռƷ׻˵Ʋģʱɱ
õ˵İʾڽƷԱ½Ĺʱ˳һǿŵĶϡ
ʱŷҽѸٸ¶׹ǵӣ˳
ɭɭʼ˳Ķߣ˫Ѿ˿ݹǵ˫֣Ҳ̧˳ץȥ
ҡҺƴˣ
飡飡
鼱֮£˳һͳǹȥ޴ǹصڱ֮С
˳֣ǹڶԩ˿ûãһӵ֮еԼĲӱһ˫ָסˣʱ
Ӱ˲˳ͷҲ֪˳˫ħצײײȥ

вϻͷ˳ͻȻоһգ˵嶼˿У׷Ҳʧˣ֮ȫı
ֵһ󣬾վԶĵһЦݡ
һ̣˳һ˹ͽ͵ȥץסȴѾѭŵ׹ȥ
ϴ͸øɵˣĶ
ޱܵ˳ѷĲҺȵȫʧ󣬲ѿЦѾǵһμˡ
Ľף˳һ˽ʮ򣬶ȥŮˣǶɣ
ӵĻ󣬵óһ˱Ӹˣ˵壬Żûɣ
ϴ˳๼
Ȼ֪˼˳ǷЩ£ǶΪȥģԼΪһ˳
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ƶѾˣҡҡͷԼصл̫ǳˣ˳޷󷨣ľͻɷɱġ
˿˳ıϵĵףڵϵǹʰ˳ããѩɽϣκһʶǺҪġ
ӦˡеĵͼһƬվһĶڴŴ
ھһİ󣬵˵˵ڶɽɽǲǰճɽ;ģǸеͼָɽһѷ촦
ѷɱ˶ɵģ״졢ǳһʱѷᱻѩ㣬ʮأ˳ʧȥǸѷ죬ס
ǰѷ죬ȴǲֻ׵ӣȴһֱǰţıʵ˵Ļѩǣһγɵɽһ㡣
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һʮĹĹͲõԸİСڱϹ̶֮󣬼ͷ˸ǿֵ˳űȥ
ϴ涳ŸˣģôëԼ߰˷Ӻӱﴫ˳
ߣȥ
Ļ󣬵¶ϲɫǧû׷ѹ
ײ׿ʹͬʱվ棬оӵյǿһ򿪺󣬱ڵζʱ۵ס
ǧ겻Ө͸ıڵƹ£ʾͷ׵ɫʣ˵Ŀ⣬ȴвһ˹ȥ
ȵ֪Ļһµˣ϶ᱻһģΪı棬Ȼվһˡ
ˡֻһңȧЩͻǰͷϳĺɫëһ˫۾ɵúܴ󣬷·ǰĵˡ
ˡƺº䣬ϴƤɵ·ֻǺܼ򵥵Χ䣬ʹȶ¶ߡ
¶Ƥϣϸܵİɫëͬëһ㣬סˣϺԭɣ
ϣһľɵĹӣһ˱ĺܼ⣬ԿѪɫĺۼ
ϡϴ⡭ǸʲôⰡ
ڵµߵʵŻһǸɵļƽʱ·ȡЩºٸɣԼʬ岢Ǻܶࡣ
ûлشĻϸ۲ǰʬ壬˰֮˵ڻ֪ѩɽѩ˵Ĵ˵ǣ
߷˷Щʬ壬ЩǸӢΪγ˸߼ˡ
˵Ჴϲɽסһְ˰ԳĴѩ֣˵ޱȣɭкѩϽɣƽղȡֱߣܵʱܡ
סϲɽɽµӡƣ˴˵еĴѩ֣ѩֵë
ѧҵıȶԣëȫڵ֪ĶϣʵҲߡ
ĿǰΪֹδȷеѩ˱걾оѩ˵Ĵ˵ԶԶʵ֤
ǿֵʬ˰̲֮ס˵ϴҪҵľ⣿ⶫҲܸ鰡
ӶǮ˳Ǯʬ²еϡ棬Ϊڰʮڵʱ͸ŵʬá
Ҳڤ飬ΪȥżеŮڶδӭȢž˫Ϊ飬ǵĹͻ֣ʹլ
ˣһҪΪǾһʽһ𣬳ΪޣǺᣬСŮҵֹ·ء
ǲܶ˫ͬʱŵҲȥᣬҪһ߸õʬ顣
ʱմ̩ӻйĵ޷ģڵ֪˸߼ȡŮʬڵʡݷھһ֮˵Ĺᡣ
ǻıǸСҪģʮͣһ˯Ұظڵʱ˵ĵô˻
СӾ֪飬оֵأֻҪ˳ȥʹӢ˲ҪҲǮġ
Ѿǧ࣬ҵⶫãڸӽһ֮󣬻ͷ˵׼ըҩԱߵıըСǧҪ˵ʬ壡
ղŵڱϳһ£ȥӡûһ¾ˮܵİ취ʹֻըҩǿƿˡ


205 ɱ
ķԸվڱǰĺ˰֮óصĵ꣬Ǿʬܵλ˼ȭͷСĿ׶
ڼŻ֮ǰǸմӹ̲ıƱũ޷ܷ乤ĴԻؼҵũ
һεĹʱٰ翼ŹԱӵƸһЩũھĹһ鵲ʯھ޷ٽȥʱʩչһֱƵľ
˳ĵǸĹ󣬵ҲչŻ˵ŻȻ˲࣬һ־ÿ˶Сġ
ӱóܽը׶Ȼװúͷ˵ϴȥɣ
Ȼļ̵ı㲻֪˶꣬ը˵ͻѣĻܿܽ˶ġ
ߺңװըַ൱ĸ˼ûиоκ𶯣ֻһŨ̴ӱð˳
ٴν֮Ƿ֣ǾʬǰıѾըȥ˺ܺһ㣬ֵʬǴֿɼ
Χű۲˰֮󣬿˵壬Сĵ㣬˵ʬ壬ӣȥǸ´ȡҪǸ˾ˣ
ηѩɽʬװǿԽҰӢṩġ
Ϊ˱֤ʬãӢԽҰװһ䶳䣬⻹пڶʱڱ֤ʬ岻õشνǷѾ˼
ڵ˿ʱҶҲĲ壬ֻʱҶãһɽѩɽۣ֮ԶԶ˵ɽЯֵɽѶȡ
ǧ׵ʱҶԭɣԽԽߣǾԽߣҶʹٶǴǰ
һѵǣɽϵĺ磬ԽߴԽȻһ磬˹εúʮ÷ֹ֮Ҫĵԭ
ķһʱ䣬Ҷվɽۣ˿ȴûʱȥһɽСΪƻ轫뾡һɽҵһӪĵط
ɽҶ¼ʮȵ£ʹҶ˯Ҳ޲ģ˯һڶͲѹˡ
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۲ÿˮʦ߱ļܣǰɽɽƣǱذڣ裬Ʈԡ
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Що˳Ƶ۵ԭƺ򣬴ڻƺɽһܳɽسڰշ峯ڶȵȡ
Ҷ˵Щǣǿᣬǽҵ֮λǼΪ׵ģйʼ棬Դɽ
ɽɽɽɽ̫ԭɺֹɽУɽ뺣ƹ󡢺㽭뺣
ÿи֧Ǳȵȡ
Ҷһķˮпɽˮۣ֮ˮ֮ӵɽԳ֮Ϊġֻ֧ȴǧǧ򣬸޷ϸֵġ
Ҷǰ⴦ǰһȲ廹ҪߵɽΧ֮ɽڶ࣬฻࣬˹һڡ
࣬Ҷ̾˿ϧˣĩѣˮʧΪۻʣȴûпˣ
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վɽۿ˺һᣬҶҴɽ¸ȥ֮ȻټͣȥĻ̫ɽˣԼҪһֻˡ
µɽƽΪƽڼ˰СʱҶǰȻһҲǴڡ
ʱδɽͮͮϦǧ֮õıϣӳɫʣ˼ɾһ㡣
Ψһһ㲻Эĵطǵ϶˸ʮ;ʵɽ壬Ҳ֪жֵɽӵõǡ
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Сĵرܿڶıѷ죬ҶƬӳԼӰıһ֮󣬷˵Ӫĺۼ
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СʱҶſ̻ͼԪȻǿտҲĺ鲻סشӶͷ䡣
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ҶĺƬĹȻһԭХڶߵķƺͣЪסˣŻָ
濴ǰһ޶Լ۲죬ֺܷܶ಻ͬ
ԭʳѩѩѻһЩС˿ȴԶԶرܿżһֻ󴳽ȥģһų׹䵽˵ϡ
ģ󷨻ɷ
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ҶԼģԼֲܿص㣬Ҷ콫еȫϣʹΪһ֮ء
󷨲õʱ̣Ҷɷ㣬רſɷ󣬰ΧԲڵɷȫ뵽УʱıѾһˡ


206 භ
ӦһԼǧ֮⣬Ҷ첼úþɱ֮˳һٶףһҵƽЪϢղŹɷ󣬼Ԫһˡ
Ԫǳԣ߽ɽĴ˵Ҳһ
߸СʱϥҶ컺۾ڵԪѾȻָ˹Ԫе״̬ޱȵĺá
Ŵ޵֮ˣϲһЩɽéɽ䵱ɽഫ˵
߽ɽĹС˵δؾûǰʿפ®ӡ
ҶõĽΪʦУ˾ĹЩר֮صϰĹ˵ϣפϰ껹кܴԵġ
ӦһСʱǾҪˡ
ĬĬһԼǼԪҶ˼ɽΨһ·ҪأҪġ
վչһ壬Ҷ۾ͻȻϷʮ״һŶסˣţǡʲô⣿
ﳤԼһң״ߣ˫ᣬʻҰɫԴгһӰ͹ȴǽɫġ
˫ǳı͸һ㣬ſĻΪһڿӼΪ졣
ɡߣѩɽôⰡ
Ҷϲλʦ˵Ķ磬˵һһٷֲϲͶӡȣڵķߣҲûгĴڡ
ԷΪʵϲ޷УֻԾĶ衯ʱڶŤͷβ֮䶼ڷ仯ʹʽܹɵһС
ⶫҶҲһС޺ۡ˲们䵽ЩȻӵĵطصĶûһǺǵġ
ϣδǷֵֶˣһЩϡֵãҶ쾪֮ȴôо֡
ڿʮ׺˵ϣҶ콫ʯԴϳôɫһӣҲǺо綾ġ
ɡɣ
һܰĽҶϷҶóֻƺΪ겻̲סͷ˹ȥ
Ҷ췢ֻ֣ߵ˫ϣϰͬ۾һ߸𣬶һ򷢳Źֽ
⡭ѩɣ
ѭŹߵĽȥҶ췢֣ھ߰Զĵطһֻš
ֻɫëϸ̣֫ܶ۾һȦëҶ컹ѩ֮зġ
Ȼⶫúѩܺķ߶ţҶҲǸͨĶ˵Ҳʲô֡
ԩ·խ
ֻŵӣҶҲ˹ӦУ֪һˣ϶һ
ȻҶϣڶ˴һֶӺֻȷˣֻѩϵβһͬһ㣬߰ѩȥ
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һɻɫ֭Һɽһŵζͬʱѩƺ֭Һζη壬æɿ˫צԱȥ
ǾڴʱֻߵԴȴһҧѩĺȴѩжʱߴߴĽͷһҧס˹ߵߴ硣
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ԼķҶæԴЩԾܿ϶·ûһԪ֪ΪΣǸϲһ˿Σյζ
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磬ôˣϾ͵ǱˣǹȥúЪЪŰ
ȻǸڱ˲ǺأѩɽϱôһǱãҲ۵޲ýӵȥ
ҸоЩԣǰ桭ʲôΣգ
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ڵ˵ıȽϼʱڸĴ£˰ΧȦʵ֤ļµĸо
ںγʱҲǷͬΣգоյĶ˹ȥ


207 еħ
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߰˸Сʱɽ·ӵҲķѵĲˣͣ˽ŲӲһ䣬ʮĶǱϵİ
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ʮ̣Ѫ֮еϴõѪζΪУһ˿΢ɲѪζ˳
£
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ס˱ӣ˵Ǹѩ٣ֱһұڣʹѩҲġ
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ǰıӺȻɫ䣬ոоЩԵʱӾѾɷЩͿˣǰһﴩ̾װ¼ˡ
Щ˺󣬱ӵ۾ʱˣΪʱۿЩ˽ʦĸĸóȥ䶷ĸˡ
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ҲȥҹЩˣȴôѰҲˣǶǸһӴĸ׺ϵˣһǵġ
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ȥѩɽһֻѩɽȴ֪ʵѩɽһֱڽһֽڽѩţѩھȴѩԭء
ֽﵽ߳ʱһ綯ıܡʯ顢η硢΢𶯣ֻҪѹ˽ѩŵھһѩ
ѩɽĹη磬ѩĴѻѩᣬγӲѩ㣬ʹѩѩ㻬ѩ
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ղŽ׹ĳ޺ۿ׵ƿ㣬ҶѾţ֮ڱǿýżסĿ׶״ߵĵط
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Ҷһ£Сŵ˵ɽµĿڴ˵Ҳ֣Сһ˿ڴ֮¶СԴţȴǲٷˡ
㵹󰡣ǸǺĶѨ￴һ֮Ҷʱ˹


209 £
ѨǺƻһףűķ⣬ҶؿѩѾ棬ֻߵݣȻҧĺϡ
ߵӦǺо綾ģΪֻѩԭɫƤëʱȫˣɢһ޵ȳζ
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СһҪǿһ㣬ճɻҪҶ죬Ҳˡ
⻬ıںѽҶǳĳֳһ֮󣬾׼ȥеһɫȴĶͣ
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ֲߵʬ壬Ҷ췢֣ڶѨ棬Ȼѩ
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ҶڶѨ͵һţ쵽˶Ѩѩ˳һƨɶűڣ䵽˵ϡ
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ϵУҶԿ϶ѩٶǧϣʹλɽݵѩҲǼ亱ˡ
ߴߴߴߴ
Ҷ쿴ѩʱؿڴѩ̵ĽСһԴ۾Ҷеѩ
СĽҶЦһƬѩ꣬յߣСһҧ˹ȥ
ֻǲ֪ǻںʵδȻҧʱߴߴؽ
ֲСһﶼˣҧⶫ
ľٶҶ˹ѩвѪĹЧ˵ѩѨǲܱģԴڴ˴
뵽ҶֽǱѩ˺ˣͨѩͬ⻨̺ŷḻ֭Һһ˺˳Ҷ
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ŵ֭ҺζСһﾹȻҶڴ˳ĸСצӱסҶһָ˱֭ҺԽ󣬻δͷҶָ
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Сһﺩ̬ӣҶ챻صҲ˼֣Ƭ˺ĵطյСߣȵ֭ҺҶֽҶ˺ιСһ
Ա֮СʼˣǰצץҶ·ҪƺѾҶĿڴԼ¼ҡ
Ǻǣ˯ɡ
Ҷץס·Żص˿ڴСͷҶָƺڱԼл⡣
ⶫԼǲ±ˡٺ֮Ҷ콫Ŀѩϡ
ϵ˵ݵѩ׳ѪĹЧҲǴкô
絽ڣҶҲʮСʱûгԶˣǹɵ㣬Ҷ첻ʳָ󶯣˺һҶƬڿн
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ûоǲǧѩһƬҶӺҶڣûʲô쳣
ˣ͵ΪӣŶӴġҶҲ˲ζˣһѩҶƬȫ˺ȥ
һѩ꣬Ҷ۾ֿһ䣬ȻͷС֭Һӵļûܵõٻ⡣
һ֮ҶҶƬʣµţĵһ¶ӡ
ţƺЧˣ
ڵڶѩ¶֮ҶȻоСùԪҲЩдϲæϥ˵ϡ
Ҷ칦תСǴȵ壬֫ٺӿȥ֮徭ڵһա
Ҷ쵱Ϊϵɷɣкܶɷ뵽ľ֮ƻܣڹҶҲΪ
ʱѩγɵһɺӸЩɷ֮˳ȥڱľһһͨǸҶ췥ëϴһ顣
ѩγɵεܵĺӰ죬ҶҲ֪ʱȥ˶ãȴǱߴߴĽ˹
붨ҶãܸоõڵƺԭĲˣԪжľڶ˳ͨںб
ԹԣȥʮСʱ
ͷѾɫҶ쿴ֱʱѾ˵ڶ磬֪֮УȴǹȥʮСʱ
СһǲǶ˰ŽëСԴڴҶЦͳʣµƬѩ꣬˺Сһιʳȥ
һһԻ
ѩĹЧ̫Сһһ˯ˣԭ붺ŪСҶЩƣûκֻܽŻص˿ڴ
ܲȥɣ
˵ĻָҶĴȻоӦûɽѾȣűԼԾˡ
ǡǣҶ޺׼ڱϿʱͷϷͻȻ˽ŲȻѩҶʱϲ
氡𣿾ȾҰ
ʶѩҶ첻ҷ󺰣õͳɤͬʱת޺ۣö̽ıôűҡ
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Ҷͷʮ׵ϷһվڱϴžֵıǸߴ׵ıڣǲ֪ⳡѩΪλڵĶѡ
Ǵ⻬羵ıڣ˿Ǳ˴мһͷ¶һѷ졣
ԭᱻѩ漰ıҲǱˮˢһ㣬ǧı˲١
һҶʡȴ˲鷳Ϊ˵ʬ壬Ѿȥ˼ʮĻѩ֮С
ľĵɽ֤Ǳ㣡ѾȶͷһˣѵŶеһԱ˺ȻҶĵɽ
Ҷ˽ɽ֮󣬰ľΪжΣûڵһʱ㱨ѩҲˣ˱档
ڹԣѩɽ¹һص飬ӵľĻ㱨֮Ͼ֧֯Ѿȶҹɽһ֧ȵġ
⣬ҺںǲǻҴ˰Ҷĺ˶һע⡣
ܰɣ⻹Ҵ棿ǸҡͷŶҲҲҶôҵ
죬﷢ģעЩ죬ҴߺܾܿͶ棡
֧Ѿȶӵӣʮֵķḻ֮£ֻжؽϣ


210 
ҵˣ洫ģ
һѾȶԱ˶˹ȥҶûҵĴ˵ĶС
̶ȥ׼ý֣ҵָʾ
ϣ˺;ȻһÿһӾпʧȥһ֮ŵɽ˱졣
ֲˣһ˫Ьģʮģ˼Ӻ󣬶ԽﴫЩ
´ȴ˶ЩͷˣѲҴһһҹɣ
ʵҶ챾ҲװԲѵģֻһûݼʵҲ˵۾ֻ֮۰Ͱ͵ĺ˸档
˵Сӣ㡭澿˶೤ʱ䣿
ҶԼȥ󣬵˶ˣλɽҲûȥ׷Ҷ˽ɽΣǶ֪Ҷ쵽ʲôʱµı졣
ѩʼʱȥģڲʮСʱ˰ɣ
Ҷʵػش۾ȴż˵ıӡеĸˣǧѩǿ˲٣ǲܵԵġ
˰ɣվˣԵ㶫
Ҷ˿̵ı֣еǱȴԮˣļȰʲôĶûõЩѹ֮ĶҶһɨգȫԽ˶
ҶԱ֮⿪ʵСӣʹ·ʮСʱ
ǰ
Ҷ˵ͷҲ֪Լľ̫ˣ֮󣬴ӶͳһƬѩ꣬˵淢ҳˣʣһƬˣ
⡭ѩ
ֽӹҶеĻ꣬۾ֱˣǧϵѩ㡭㾹Ȼˣ
Ҫ֪ѩĹЧκܶ༲׳Ѫ֮⣬һЩѵĸƲͳഺ
ഫʹùǧݵѩҩֻʮѩɽҩҲûмǧϵѩˡ
ҵʱֶû취ͰԵˣˣи滹ֻʬ塭
Ҷ֪ԼȥԺ϶Ҫ飬ϵСһҲǶ㲻ȥģʵʵİѷѩĹ˵˳
ﰡҶĻٽţȴ޿κΡ
Ҷڵ״̬ܽ͵ͨˣЩɽµУǧѩǴ˵еҩҩȻܶˡ
ڽֻʬȡ˶ǹҲ棬ҲûģĶ¶װ˴׼ûȥػо
ѯҶ췢ѩʱľҶȻһ֪ˣҲûᵽˣΪҶѾԭıĿȫǣȻ鷳
ŻﱾǸɵļ˵ĹɽʱҲ͵͵ģݶλɽĻ㱨ֻҶ˽һɽҲ֪ŻĴڡ
ɴҲͶ϶ѩûκεԱǶԣĽǱסˣһϵıҲ
ˣסһҹȥ̫Ҳɽˣߵ͹֮ͨ󣬾ڱӪˡ
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ϲҶԪĸӦö㣬ɽããʮ׵ĻѩҶҲֻˡ
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˹֮ҶĺӾǵͷˡ
λɳ񾯽ҶǸ˯ԺСһҲˣƺʶֶ
ҶĻش֮ǰõģҧԼǵɽߣʱѩɽԲ͵͵ȥ飬ԼһŲ֪
ЩҶѶ˵ˣѩ÷Χܴ󣬲Ҷڳģʹ֮˳ȥ
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ڻûлصʱҶͰ͵͵˸绰½߲ʶʲôˣϰҲǱ޳ĪԾ뵽ڻʶĳϲȫ
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壬ɽϼһС֪ܸܲ
¾ֳҪҰζҶ첻һȻԳҲ䲻ɵģϵҰҲǧ˰ٵģҶ컹¾ֳֻԼͬѹԵ
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ⶫͨԵģ㵹ǲðˣһĻüͷʱ
ҶСָ˱ţʵ壬׽ʲô
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211 ؾ
ֵͦеġ
Ҷֻɫĳ͹߲ʱΣɵ˵ͷĶȷʵһ㣬ʱԼ۾Щϡ
СԺһֶأȻҧ˻߶ϣԲЧѩɽϣѩҪ˱ģ
˿ûԼϲʱִ壬ȻСһﲢôˣֻ˱Ҷָ
壬ЩʲôҶ쿪ʵ
ӦǺ̷۰ɣҲЩȷֻŹֶȴû˳ɹġ
ȥ̷ȥǴϲСһƨƨߵܳȥ̷ˣ֮ŸС߻˷䡣
Ȱ
Ҷ콫СԴС봦һֻţͰͷŲˣҶָţ̷˿Ȥ
ҶȻʳ֭Һ飬ʵ壬ҵƬѩأⶫģ
ҡҡͷЩΪѵ˵ǶˣСҶѩʣһƬˣԺҲܸǶɣ
һﲻɣҶͻ롣
ⱻҶĻһæ˵˵СҶɱҸ԰Իӻģ
ʲôҲҶҡҡͷСһЩû취Żͷ龫֮ĶԲˡ
Ҷ죬ֻСﰡͦɰ
Ҷιʱ򣬳ϲȫһԱͬ˹
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ǷĵظмأȻҲæ֪֮飬ǰλæĿȴܵûָҶʲôرġ
˵ʲôأߵͷ죬۳Կǣ
ϲȫЦŰ˰֣˵߰ɣȥԷСѹѹѩûҪҲǸԵ˰
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ϲȫҶ쿴һᣬͻȻ˵ԣСҶͷ˰Ҽǵ֮ǰ඼ǰ׷ģ
ҶеʱȻñӵģڻҲժΣԳϲȫҶһͷ׷ӡǺ̵ġ
ͷˣҶһ£Ĵһۣ³澵ӣæ˹ȥ
ǣҶ췢֣ԼͷڴӸѾˣֻзҴЩҰףٹһʱ䣬žͻָġ
һǧѩͷƤʲôϡģһƲƲ죬Ҷ챩ΪЩڻ
Ǻǣ壬Ҳ͵ģѩɽҩ˲ɵѩǹԼҶЦǿڶԷԼķϣƬѩ˵ʲôҲҪġ
ҶĻҲ˵ʲôˣԷ˵ûѩֵģ͹ҶУԼôƽϵԵЩСˡ
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СҶǺһ룡ϲȫǶ֣¾ֳҶ졣
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˵껰Ҷ콫еİ׾һũյӣͷɲСһ¶ǣҶʱоСһȡ
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ȻҶ񾭹֣Ǿôһ֮ãҲҪԼ¾¾ֳȰ
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ôˣҲȾƣҶӿŻʣ˵ƵŵĿڱߡ
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ɣҶ磬ԺмԣŻصڴҶҲſϴ˺ࡣ
֣
˯еҶеԼıӣ۾һƤſԼϣһ˫Ե۾պúҶš
Сһĵ磿
һҶǰŵȫҲָˣеڵ״̬ޱȵĺá
֮ҶŷԼҲǱ˸̧ضȼٴķ˴Ѿˡ
򵥵ϴһ£Ҷȥ˳ϲȫסķ䣬׼ҹȥʱ򣬳ϲȫ¾ֳһ˹
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¾ֳĻҶæͶ״˵壬ҰɣỹоͷأԺһȸʹ죡
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˵ʵ¾ֳҲҺҶٺˣ˶ҶһſˣСӵĶӼֱ޵׶һ㡣
򵥵ĳ˵ͺҶϲȫĳص³ľ룬Ƶķ˵ˣ˵˻رĳҶóϲȫŶƱ
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һ˵½֮ãķȫʧȴ˸պԼľɼҶҲ˵׬ˡ


212 
ϲȫҶϳ֮󣬽һװˮĴӷҶĴͷ˵Ҷ죬Щ·ϳԣﻹٿǮҲ·ã˱绰
壬лл
Ҷ˵ͷЩлǲ˵ϵģϲȫܽô࣬ԲżȻģӶԴԼоܿһЩߡ
ԳϣΪ˴ҪһƷʣϲȫڰæ֮гʱҶ죬ȻͶԭ棬ϲȫΪˣռ˺Ҫصġ
˵ʲôллģˣ𳵾Ҫˣ·ע㰡
ϲȫܿһۣյҶ˵ʱ̫ûԣгԱҺ˵ˣŵģ
Я𳵣ҪһЩ̵ģҪҪѶҶϵ̫ЩȻˡ
֪ˣ壬ذɣ˱һҵ绰ѾҪҶæϲȫȰ˳
ŴӿԼֵĳ壬ҶҲЩζû뵽˳Ȼʶôѡ
ϲȫҲ֪Լһ֮٣պӹܴһνѣҲӦƱ˵
Żʻ˳վҶ½µĺۼҲصȥʹЩˣҲ֪ҶиһںպĵĹŻ
Ҷ뿪һ֮ͣͣѾ˺һҳԽҰ˹Աע⡣
ڶ෽ҳδ󣬹ĹԱķǴһ
һһҵع֮⣬ڻҳһ߾ʽ΢ͳǹһٷӵλ¾ֳء
һϸ죬϶һ͵Żصļ¼Ƿɽʱ䣬Ȼѩǰ졣
ʱ˲֪ڷѩʱɽϲֻҶһˣ֯ѾȶӣѾȺȷ˴ѩɽûл˵Ĵڡ
𰸼Ϊ͵Żѩȫ帲˭Ҳû뵽ҶŻʲôҶ½µһ˿ۼҲɽĴѩˡ
Сӣ˭
ֿտյҶ촩ΪĵɽԼĺԺʱԺмϴŲ˵̫̫ʵǺܺá
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ʵҶԼҵĸẠ̊́ϳͺڼţλصҼˣҶȴЩ
С죿
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ҶЦǰȵ§ס̫̫˵ãҵ绰ɽϴˣˣͷȾģԼڵġ
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Сѩƺ̫ŮˣʹѩԵļջСһҲ죬ֻҶιʳʱ򣬲ſϳԶ档
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УߣԺȥ˵ɡҶ˵ͷϽ˺ԺȻ˼ƿơƺͻװϡ
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ϴһ߶˰СʱҶ׷ʲô顣
ԭؽ뾩̨ʼʵϰԺ󣬾ס˼һϵĽǰࡣ
ÿĩʱ˻ǻԼᣬоغǰЩһˣ巢ʲô仯˵
һǰһ죬ϺԼȥ̳԰棬ʱȥһᣬؾȻһ۳ģǸˣصľֹȡ
ǸֱƢˣڼ֮󣬾ֱ˳û뵽غ̹ϵľͳˣ׷ߡ
˵֮ҲƢǲڻΪ´һ󲻻ɢ⽫µʱˣ˶Ǵս״̬ġ
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ϳü˵Ҷ죬ǡ˵Ҹô찡ңҡ֣
㻹Ǹӣİɣɢġ
ҶҡҡͷܰΪѳҶĻҲ˵ģϵȷԵһһһŮ


213 
ǣһҪɢô찡
Ͽɥ˵ڻǸѧȻؼҲλ۵ʿʱﻹе㷢顣
˵˲ģȻƢãҲּ˼ǨˣϴҪŵ㰡
ĩһı飬ҶЦ֮࣬ҲˣźԼìܣҶҲҸһġ
ҶĻµ˵Ҷ죬ҪɣһȥôҪ֣㡭Ҳܰ˵ûģ
˵ԼᣬҸʲôȥҶһھͻؾˣ֪˱ôڣܹ޳ģȥκء
Ҷؾôɴ࣬Щˣæ˵ԼᣬغͬһȥҰ⽼ΣԺһȥ
ΣϵĻҶ쵹е㶯ˣôʱ䣬һֱûܺúţȥ浹Ҳ
ׯˮǱߣ˱廷ߵׯ·ܵǡ֮ǰ˲ٹΣ·ˡ
ðɣţҪȥҾȥҶĻϷ˰ۣǼֱɫѰ
Ҷ绰ϵɫʱתˣԱУһڴӦȥտҲ˵Ԯš
Ҷϵ绰Ҷ쿴˵˰ɣ˯ɣһȥ
鰡˯ôǸ£̸£һ˵ڵģ״Ҷ죬Ŀô˯
ʵʵ˯ɣ²ȥտҪȥȥ
Ҷûİ˰֣һƿơ˳ȥ˵ʵ治ôԼĺԺֳʲôء
ȻڵˣҲָĺǰ޼оͻʦһ㣬ĺԺ󷨻Ǵ洦ġ
סĺԺɲס¥һؼҾͰѷһأסϸ궼֪ھʲôϰ˾ŵӵʱ򣬸Ժſڶˡ
ھӼҵ̫̫ץſôҡҡȥģҶ첻ɺЦʵ裬ʲô
СҶӰء̫̫һһߺҶк
ãҶЦźھǴк¹ʶʶģһڱ׼ظá
ţ˵ҹ䲻Ҫʩ𣿡ߵԼĺԺʱҶ췢Ժƻͨһ¡
Ҫ֪ڡš󿪵Ǽ죬Ժڳɷ֮أʹԼ޸󷨹رˡšЩɷҲʮ¹ġ
Ȼʢʲô⣬ǵҹ˵ЩĹ˾ͻῴʲôɾĶ
ô°ԺҶ췢ȻҲڣæһס
Ҷ죬ʵʩ£סҶ죬ϲ¶ϲɫ
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Ҷľųֵ÷зȻҲ֪ӵĹ̶Թ˾պչӰܴҲ˰壬žҹҶߵĻġ
ҶԵ˵ͷ˵ԭǸ߹ˣһҪȥԺ
ò׽ֹ¼ȥҶɲڳ֮˵ȥԺˡ
ʵҶţҲңʵѾ˷ֺԺЩԾˣֻǼ˶ʩӣûʩӵĿֻš
Ҫɷֻ֮ܵˣ
뵽ԺҶһԺеɷ֮ҡҡͷʱʹɷ˴ô׾ɾģ
Щ󷨶ԴʱҶ죬ȴ޷κ˺ģԺĴƣҶϸĲ쿴һ̵Ľչ
ԼҪץȥѰˣȻʹ޽ˣҲ޷ת
ںԺĸĽҶ컹ʮģǰĺԺĹ޽ģȫֳ˵լŵĽʽ
ҪǣЩҪĺȫǰҶָķλģûгκεĲء
Ҫ󣬻Ҫ۴뵽ԼʧҶ첻һʹ
깤Ҫһ£ʵҲ޺ۺ衸ȴɡҡҡͷҶת˺Ժ
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ҵ㣬ԸⰡ
ҶԿЦѾӿڴ˳Сһצץ·ţһ˫ԵĴ۾ؿҶ죬˶ίһ㡣
ı֣ҲǿЦãε˵ˣŰɣ
ţҶ죬ôҲ
⳵ûãһаͳͣ˹³һ۾Ϳţһϲ˹
վһԺµϵһۣ˵㻹˵£
ʲôʱһĿЦز۳ģҲ泩˺ܶࡣ
С۵ˣţ߰ɣǱ߻кöͬµģ˵ȥʵϰĽġ
ûİһۣûʲôҶ춼ˣСʲôֻˡ
˵ǸǲЩˣ
صͬǱߣҶڣΪǳȫŮˣߴߴǧֻѼһ㣬Ҷͷǡ
Ϊ˸ǵҸ̰ɣ
ϵǲΪ⣬ؿͬǰ¶ϴҲķŻص˶ҪԼֵĻǶȻԼͬµġ
Ƕ˰أ˵ȥģôѽ
ϴĺ鲢ûάֶãΪ׼Ǹȼɽׯʱ۳һǰһͣߡ
ǿ㷳ҳʲô£Сſɲǰ׽еģһ㶼ûӡ
أҸ㣬Ҳ㱻ƭ𣿡
еƢǺܺãһļҲæ˵أҸܼѣǿɶľųǵķ


214 
ѽʶǿҸ߹ˣˣ
صɫܲÿϵĸ黹ǺģڷִҲʡԼƢ캰Σ뻺˵Ĺϵ
û뵽ǿȻҲ˹һվԱɫѿϣĲ֪νˡ
ǿʮ꣬˰꣬ǻСһλ֣ǰع֮󣬺ܿΪһ֤ȯ˾ĸ߲ԱڱӵԼıΪ
ǰظ游׳ϯһξۻʱʶ˶ǿʱλʿؾˣڶͶչҵ׷
Ϊ׷أǿҲ˲ٹÿһʻ˵͸صͬһЩСƷӮò˵ĺøУĽΣһͬ͸¶ġ
أܻѰɣһҲûʲôģλѣ˵𣿡
վԱɫѿϣǿķɱǿ̫ˣȻ̸ЦҲ˼
ز˵ˣǿָ߹˵λǼȻλνιӣǿ϶˵ģܺǲ񡯾磬ɾ˾Ʒİ
ǿĽܺŮǶǰλûʲôоҴϱǲӾȻǰСӹ˾Ʒģʱ۾
Ҫ֪ǲӾ翪Ͼʹ˸̨Ӽ¼ǰЩǵ̨ԱǣȻ֪ζʲô
ҪǣⲿӾһ˺öԭԱλСӣǳĿеż
ڵ̨ˣԶûǷ⣬εŮҲǶʮͣأһŶǿĽܣߴߴĺܽ
Σǿϲ¶Ц⣬ƾǸδĴѧҲԼŮˣ΢õֶΣԲλ˳ˡ
Ȼ˶ǶǿĿͻǿڹа׬˲Ǯ˽ҲΪѣһǶǿǰչ¶һԼ
Ŀǰǿ̴ûǺܳɹģҲ˶̲ʵУΪҲǸԡ
һȺŮΧס̲ճŶǿ´ĴָЦ˵ˣŮʿǣǵ̸ɣʵ̫ˣǾͲƤɹ𣿡
⼸̲üԴԼҲһӰӹ˾ҺܿͷܣǰѾ˺ܴı仯
СӻŮ˵ëȴһֱûиı˴Сǵһ˵е̨Ůƨƨߵظˡ
ӣͻõһƭŮˡ
̲Ů˶ܳģιӺ޺޵˿ĭÿκһȥ涼ЩŮһ̲Ӱӹ˾ܣ޲ѹ·ԡ
ʲô⼸ûٸ棿
νԵļȻǱֵúν⼸Ҳʼּˣȱȼǰȣվ¶һɹʿͷ
ޣЬ㵱ʲô˰
ȻĻνһպǰи˵סȥ·ι־˹ȥãﲻȥﰡ
һ㳤ûУôаνһѵҶεҡҡͷ
ڼȻ³ʱϳ⼸λˣҶûʲô飬෴ǻЩԹȻǰȥкˡ
Ҷ֮׹˺棬Щʧ˵˵ûȴιӵ·ˡ
壬ҶЦ˵θ磬롭
Ҷνûǽ飬ҲǺŵ٩νģ֪ιڿԼ󣬻һʲôı飿
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ιָ̧֣Ҷ˵˺ü㡱֣忪ʼ΢زû뵽üجεˣͻأسǰ
ԴǴνѵҶδ֮νǱʰһ٣ĳֱһЩ˸ˣǺúùܽһԼĺӡ
һιӵجξǿʼˣ㻨Ǯȫϵ˲˵ǱڼҽʱǶαߵνֻҪһ۾ǰֵľҶӰ
ȻѾȥ࣬νҲûҶ죬ҶñʸˣէȻϣνŵ˵ˡ
еǼŽҲʹɾΪҶ죬һȵ˺üݵġ
θ磬ɰ롭
νģҶаЦǲ˰جΣȻһȻţϴζĴǲ
ҶҶ磬룡
νҲҶǰ簡ŬĿסļιӽͰ͵˵嶼Ҷ칪
ʱνѰѶǿ޵ԸΣҲҶԼɷǡ
ûθ˰
ҶЦҲúνĥߴˣһҲЩԾļȻЦ˵ּˡ
ҶĻ󣬼ȻҶľлعæ˵Ҷãһֱ˵ǣǰûڱˣϣҶҪֵܼ
ʵȻûеҶ죬̬֮ôͣΪǰӣŮʿߵ˾ҪȥҶ鷳
ϼԶǼȻܵģڱ֮󣬼͹ӾĴҶϢԵŵǸҶǻѾӻѧ¶ҲԺ
˿ٴμҶ죬Щ¸ͷ͹ӶҶǲ˿ĵ̬ȱȼԼҳʱҪ֡
ҲҶ켸֮⣬˶ѾǸȼٴ壬νͼȻı֣϶Ƕһġ
̫ˣǰͲҪˡ
ҶЦҡҡͷԴؽȥЩʧǵϴ󺰵ϴ󣬽ȥˣ⼸λľųǶŮѰ
ŮѣҶô°ȻҶĻһҪ֪νҶ죬ɾΪŮġ
ҶЦЦָ˵ͬѧŮڱλ׷󣬺Ǻǣһǲ֪µİɣ
ҶĿ⿴ԼνЩʵİ˰֣˵֪ҡĲ֪
Ҷ¶Ǹ缸治֪ģͷǻȰ¶ǿģһɧλŮˡ
ʱȻҲѶǿˣ˵˭ãҪȥҶѣǲϻͷĲӬ


215 ʾ
ȻĻҶЦЦÿɷ˵͸ȰȰˣ߰ɣҶȥɣ
ȻҶģ϶ŻǻҼȰģȻҶ캰͸磬Ȼɲд
ǰλڵ˳ԸưͿμҶרΪк͹֮Уǲ˿ĵ֮
֪֮䣬ſ⼸˵ĵѾȻ˸ı䡣
ԭֺιŵҲˣһֱֵĳļ͹ӣҲǲڸҶЦ
ҲعˣսҶʵҶ죬㡭ʶǰ
νҶ鷳ʱϣǻȻҲڳ⼸ʱȥˣѼǲԷĳˡ
ʶҶ˵ͷ漴ɸֵ˵˵ϴҪԼİղǸģ˭ѽ
Ŷƴӵģ㵹վ˵ۣûĻһ䡣
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ڲҲȥλŮӰ׷ǣʲôϡģҪֱͦ壬СŻģ˵ˣҪǶƴӣ㻹ϲ𣿡
Ҷ쿴һŰԽǶָֻŵģԽ̹һԸһԸҲһˡ
ģϽŽɵĿҶ졣
ѧУˣҶûصһۣԼ߽ǸЩũֵĶȼٴ塣
˵Ǹȼٴ壬˵ǸũׯǡһЩ뵽Ժ֮Ǻͤһŵﳤȴǹտĵط
ũׯﻹмϴͤ˿ͤڴֱ֮ӾͿͤտʮֵķ㡣
ũׯﻹKTVҵʩӴݣܸܵȻϢĩǳĺá
λŮŮʿǣǹ˾°һƬŮǺǿɶûλҪȤĻԵ˾ȥԾġ
ũׯһͤһŮǺţΧŮʵ̫࣬ڻûȷҪĿء
Ҹұֻ֤ҪǲϷܻ𣬶һǴ벻ǸСӲ
̲ĻüŮ۾ߺʹǮ׬ÿ˶ôõļģͷҲδؾͶǮ
ϼͣνˣôô
ԶԶȻν߽ԺӣܶߵŮ˵λɶǽιͶҺüƬˣҲĻˣúܴģ
̲ǱȽϽû˰ȻνһֻҶ죬Ǹʱȫû޵˼ˡ
λ˭߽̲֮ŷ֣ȻνȻǸһ˺߽ģһ¡
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𣿡
С˴ķӦҶ첻㬵ԼӣǳȻûЩŮۣҲڰųɣ
Ҷ첢֪ν鷳ں̶ܴܵСģºҳҲõ˾棬Сûܣүݺݵسһƨɡ
Ҫ˵Ҷη壬̲Ҳͽιˣ䲻ļҶǰʶľ㣬ûֱһͷȥ
ҿˮ϶ǿ첲һץס̲죬ϴקĽ
Ҷ죬˸ô㰡ҲˣλƺЩҶ졣
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ԣǶаˣСͷ϶żˮݵǱģҶҲ̲סЦ
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ʱũׯԱİ£Ѿʼտڸղ¶ЩŮҶĿⶼΪ졣
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˵ܣܵҲ̫˵ɣδδȢ⻹׷ŮˣͻȻ˶ǿĺ˷׷濴ȥ
˵϶ţ֪ôڰ㣡ȻɫЩ࣬ԾҲ
ܣ⻰ͱ˵ˣ׷Ů˵Ȩû𣿡
ǿҲЩˣǰȻ׬˲ǮԼҲûʲôǵ£Բô͹ӵӡ
ãû˵ȻҶЦһ£˼Լˡ
Ļصտ󣬶ǿȻһסص֣˵أϲ㣬Ҹᣬ롭һҸģ
ַſǿˣû뵽ǿһ֣ʱЩңСҲסڴͥʾ
ûн飬Ҿ׷Ȩǿ̬ȷǳ
ǿ׷أ룬ദҪľ̹ϣ֪йӵ飬ûжС˵أ
ҶȻԭŶǿ֪Ѷ˾ˣ˭֪ǾȻ˸ͥʾϼģҶҲܲˡ
㡭ô֪ģҶĻ󣬶ǿץصֶʱſˣһֵؿҶ졣


216 ħ
ҶȻҡҡͷ˵ԣӦһŮӵġ
㡭ô֪ģҶ첹Ļ󣬶ǿһƨڵϣؿڼٵʾ˿̵顣
ǿûн飬ȷйһŮӣŮδˣҲǰزˡ
ǿڵСֻоŸ´󣬶ӵĸʱѲȥˣǿר˱ķտСӣڱû֪һӵġ
ҶĻһ֧صز˶ǿĿڴһֱ飬Ȼ˸¶֮£öǿҶ˿־塣
ӺŮˣСǰģĲ֪ôȥ׷ŮˣҾӦȥһ׵ΣĶӰɣ
˵ʵոڸǿռһ֮ҶԶǿΪ˸еܲݣҲ˵Ůһʱ䣬ĶҲܲãǾȻ˼黨ǲݵģ
㡭ô֪Щģħħ
ҶĻ󣬶ǿʧ̬ؽҶ콫⼸귢ϵ˵˿ڶǿֻħһ㡣
ҶѹôǿŤ˵ţĺԺĻҪŵ㣬Ҫ棿
Ҷ֪ƾν˶Լ̬ȣҲоڵģǿôһǾ͸µè˹ۿˡ
ҶǿС±Լ¶֮Ҳ˿Ŷ裬ԼеҲˡ
ҶҪ뿪ҲվסҶĸ첲˵Ҹȥأ˰
Ҷ⡭⣬ʵǲ˼ȻҲվղظ֤ǿӣû뵽Ūģ
Ļ£͸磬桭ҶЦҡҡͷũׯȥ
ȵȡҶոߵũׯſڵʱһֱĶǿͻȻعһҶȥ
ô붯֣
Ҷת͸˺⣬ǿȶֵĻѵһˡ
ǣҶҶң˽ģǿ֣¶һ˿顣
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ҺʲôĵģвԱУû·˼ԼǰЩʲôɣ
Ҷ鲻ҡҲпԵġǿ˵ʱˮ˳ջϵʹ֮
һҶ죬˵Ҷ죬˵˵ɡ
ллллС㣡ŵĻ󣬶ǿסڵĶŵл
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ŰҶεҡҡͷ˵ȥǱߺǼտɣҺ̸̸
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Ҷüͷһû뵽ǿȻᵽʣʵħŷ͵ĺħͶϾ𣿡
ΪһĴˣȻҶڹЩѪԼħȴ˵ǲΪȻأⲢҶЩ˽⡣
ħŷֱΪҪ˺ΪĿģ͸Źơ硢ʽȷʽﵽıɱ²Իʹ޻Ŀģʹڲ֪ܺ
˵ħʩչǽһȺаħİħԽаĹħˣʩչħ
Ҷ֮ԶԺħЩ˽⣬ΪзŹơԼֶΣ͹ڵһЩЩ񣬲ûнӴҲ֪ħǷĴڣ
ǿ¶һ˿֣˵Ҷҡ룬Ҿ˺ħˣңҵǰŮѺӣҲа䣡
䣿˵Ҷüͷ˶ǿۣ˰ʾ˵ȥ
ǿ˿˵ǰʱڻѾСˣҶҲ֪Щ˵Ĺѹܴûһʵӣȥһʱ䡭
˵ص㣡Ҷ˶ǿĻû¡
ǣʱȥӢʶһŮǿ˻֮Уɫʱᣬʱ˵һηϵĹ¡
ԭǿӢȼٵʱʶһλԳĳλŮʱܿͺŮ׹˰ӣһµʱ䣬˶Ӱġ
ǿ˱ǻӵԸ񣬶ҲϲŮˣ֮ԺӢŮҲǱҸ԰µ뷨һ֮󣬶ǿ»ص˻֡
öǿû뵽ǣڰ֮ǸŮҵҵʱͦŸӣ滳˶ǿĺӡ
ʱǿҵڣŮûʲô飬ʸڷԼǺӵĸףӢŮһЩǮߡ
ֻöǿû뵽ǣŮ뿪ĵ죬ͳ˳ȶǿϵҽԺʱŮ˺ܹŹֵһȻȥˣһʬŮӤҲûܴ
ԱȽĶǿҲһʱ䣬ܿҲͽ֮Ժˣ½һ˵Ůѡ
һ֮ŮΪǿ˸ӣй˶ڴڽӴĹǺģǿʱҲǷǳˣ׼һʱͺŮѻع顣
Ӥ˸´ʱͻȻһֲֹСӵϳ˶񴯣ҽ޷ƣոչһزˡ
º˶Զǿ˵ĺ˺ħ䣬ʱǿţѾеŮѻصй
ǽ飬ȴöǿˣŮڶӵʱѲˡ
ǿϵСӣϸµʱͻȻһȫһ֢״ϳһƵĶ񴯡
ͬʱǿҲʼҹҹجΣǻεǸӢŮ˺ԼŮҲòһ̵İ
һξۻУǿʶأֻҪأԼͷӰͻɢȥϻصҲΣҲǶǿ׷صԭˡ
ҶҶҡ֪ˣܾҵģԲԣ
귢Լϵ󣬶ǿͨһҶǰΪҶϣҲܵǹԼϢ
ǿǸʮִˣҶ֮ǰ˵еܣʱˣӵϢˣ϶ͨˣǰˣԼİ취
ѵħĴڣҶûлصǿĻҲûǱ۾ĬĬ̽Ԫı仯
߷֮Ҷ˿ǿ˵ԼΪʲôҪأ
ӶǿϣҶܵһֺصϢ֮ȴĵˡ


217 ֲ
ҶʹңҲҵĺӰɣ޹İ
ǿڵϣһؿҶ죬Ȼ˽ܲ㣬ΪҲЩǶԼΨһѪǸ᲻µġ
Ҷ컺ҡҡͷ˵֮˱пɺ֮ĺǿܵ䣬һӾģ
Ҷ컹о仰û˵ǿÿ춼ھ֮Уƾľ״̬Ҳ֧Ųˡ
ʹҶǼ仰Ҳöǿ׻Ҳ˲࣬ҶͷкҶȾңȾҵĺӰ
Ӵز֮󣬶ǿҲ˲ٹνġʿаܻǮ˲٣ȴһ㹦ЧûУҪȻǿҲƤȥ׷ˡ
˵Ǳҿϲ
ǿһ߿޺һ߱סԼСȣĳĨҶ첻ЩЦãһƿ˵ҺҲû⽻飬ƾʲôҪ㰡
˵⻰ҶѾмɶˣʵҶҲʶνĺħô£ԣƾʲôװȥǿأ
ҶĻ󣬶ǿ͵̧ͷ˵ҶֻֻҪңҡʲôӦ
ҶЦЦؿŶǿ˵ҵҲԸ⣿
⡭
ǿԥһ£˵Ը⣬ҶֻҪҺͶӣҵҲԸ⣡
ǿǸˣһȥǮ֮ܳΪǮԸ˹ײģʣٶǮҲǱ˵ˣǮ׬ȴֻһġ
Ը⣿Ҷ׷һ䡣
Ը⣡ǿҧҧֻҪκӺͲʹԼÿΣǿԸ⸶ԼеĶ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ĲƲ˵˵ɣǿй˽Ӧ̫࣬ҪȥֲҪ
ڱһֵң֤ȯгҵĹƱֻֽʮҶ˵ôҾô죡
ǿȻû˿ѼҵȫҶ콻˳ոն䣬ֿȭ׬ôǮҲΪˡ
Ҷ룬˵£ӹȥƱϳֵ֣Ǯһңʣµȫϣ̣𣿡
ȡã쾭¶²ˣҶҲиߣɲǽɵǰӣҪеǮƶԼſϰݡ
һˣҶֻȡһ򣬵ǶԶǿҶȴһѵ˵ŪҵһƶϴҲҪһжöıӦ

ǿͷ֮ԥ˵ҶҶʲôʱְܳƳǺħأ
ǶǿŲҶ죬ʵ¶ϵͶӵһǮҶ죬ƿҲȥˣҶĨĨƨ·ˣǶõҪǿܱ
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ҶվȥԼǿ֮ˣǿĻҶеǰ취ġ
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Ҷ϶ǣǿĶͷһƬףȻ̲סʵҶûʲôԹʻ˵ϼ仰ġ
Ҷͷһ۶ǿ˵ҪԼ
٣ҪпյĻһ߰ɣֵҲѴġ
ǿ̾˿жӵѾҶˣȻ˵׵ĻԼԺҲûڱؽ췹ˡ
ҶǿҪѯҶϾȻҶҪħʱͬͬڳ˵ġ
㣬ˣһء
ҶũׯȥȻ̲һۣҲظ˺棬Ҷη֮绢νһҲ׷ȥ
ǿԼסڹ˾ԶһڵģڽһⶰӼʹǺ˽ļȻˣǲ֪ġ
ھʮĩڣǺеıѡλûǮҲûкô󣬶ǿǱȽ۹⣬Ͷһס
ʱǿȻûȥҫⶰԼıˣͦó֮󣬾ʹҴææĴż˽˱
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ƺӦŮ˵ĻһСĴӶ¥һ䴫˳ǿ޵ľˣһ
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¥Ӥ˻ƵĿ޺Ҷüͷ˵ǿǶɣȥҪûǣ׼
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ǿɩĻһæͳһǮɩ͵ۿҶ죬û¶˵ɫ԰һЩ
ħЩŵͬɷǺɷΪЩͬأ
Ҷ첢ûдǿɩĶԻעŵӤڵķΪҶоǸһǿϲϢ
Ϣʮֵ֣ɷֶһҶҲ˵ĸоһӤϡ
ҡҡͷҶ˶¥վſܿǸشϵҡҡϣȴź˻ƵĿڵķΧԵЩ졣
⡭
ߵҡϣǸӤҶʶ㣬Ҳ̲סеһļ£Ϊ⺢ӵģʵڵ̫ˡ
ҡУӤϺ¶ϣˮһĸЩˮѾƿˣɢһŵĶζ
Ӥһ˫Сֱֳ߹̶ҡϣȥץϵˮݣʹȴ޷ץ⺢ӵĿزһ˫۾ˮ


218 
Ҷ쵱ϵ߽ʱ򣬼˶˿׬ǮģҲңҡӤȣЩȴҸ˺ܶࡣ
ȻǰӤҲ˵綼һ֪¶Ļֺ̿ʹȴĳҶǰ
ú֪ҲˣҡӤģҶ첻һ䣬ԶǿΪȴʹˡ
ԣް
Ҷûչ˺ӵľ飬˵Ҳ֣ߵҡϵʱҡ﷭ӤȻֹ
ǿصʱоҿӤֹЦĪǣ
Ӥı仯ҶҲһ£һһöͭǮҶָסͭǮСһϻһΡ
ԭ޵ɤ˻ƵӤͻȻ¶΢Ц̶ֻҡϵСƴţȥץҶϵͭǮ
ȻںħйЧ
һĻҶ¶Ȼ飬֪ԼȥǼģǿָ֮оҲԴڴˡ
ЩŹ֣
ҶͷųԪʱĸӦΧ֮ڣκһ˿ϸ΢ĲӲҶĸоҡںڵı仯ҲҶز˳
Ӥڣһ˿ɷ֮Ҷ֪ɷͬɷϣһֺѲĲ
ֲһ㣬ҶͷųԪ֮Ͼֹͣκζɷ䵽Ӥľ֮УҶɷϢرУĻᱻعȥġ
ʶ˿ӣҲʶ֮أǶƺ˼άɷҶ컹ǵһεüüģüͷ˼ӴĴϢУҵصϡ
Ȼ֮ȻĴڣ˰֮Ҷ¶һ˿ݡ
ν䣬ö񶾵ȥˣʵ˱һֻڶƽ˸޷ȫȻԵǸͱڡ
ȻǵߣֻҪͲõܵ˺ֻҪûϵĸƬ쿪ƣҲõĻᱻ絽
ȴһЩͨ˼ΣһЩѾʧȥ˴Уȴ
ĴСˣйũ¶ʮһգеľգֱΪ׻գͳϰΪС˵ӡ
СҪ׼ƷСֽһŮֽˡһֻϻ򼰼ƷƷа⣨׻ˮɫȡ
׼Ʒ󣬾ͽǷ·ߣȼ򣬲ŮСֽȡĿǸС˵״Ļɼ۾Ӽȡ
ȻСдС˵ʱͰ֣űЬӣЬ׽Сʹ⻹ԽֽС˵Ŀϣ˼ͷٰŪǷǡ
ֽ⵶С˵Ķϣ丹ڳֽС˽ţ׼ߡ
С˵ľٶʵԶʱһֻ֣дСҪͨԪʵʩ
ЩʧˣǸΪйеĲȴ޷˵ˡ
ҶмصöͷľߡЫֻһڻһֻƾܷ¡
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ҩˮɺۺ÷Ҫķ֮У߿ʼ޸о𽥷ãܿ촫ȫơ
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Ҫ֪˶ɵģһ壬һ꣬ҲԳ֮Ϊ񣬶ʮǿġ
ߣͿþȥ䣬ʩߵľɵĽҶӦǰ㣬Ӥڵɷƺһˡ
ƽ䣬˵Ҳף˵Ҳѣ˵ףֻҪ䣬֮ܽ⡣
Ѿڣ֮ˣܹͨԪͨԪ𵴰Ѿ뵽ߵڣ˿⿪
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׭̫飬ƽ֮էէǣ򸡣Ȭɷڤɶ
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Ҫ˵ջģȻҪǿˣھĸͣʱ͸о⼸һֱԼѹȫȻʧˣ˵״̬ǰδеĺá
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ҶҶաղǣҶǿæӭȥ
ϵѾƵˣסԺҪ£û¶ȥЩǣ
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219 ƻ
Ҷһֽ֮ӻûˣ仹СȥҽԺЩˮƵ֮ͲٳˣӦòġ
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Ҷͷϵ亹ǿæһ˵ҶǰС˵ҶȲ裡
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ھ֮࣬Ȼ¶ȴη壬ΪǸղѾǿ˵ˣҶƳŷ޵ĺħҲ˵Ҷһλˡ
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ȷɣǿҸղ˵ĻɼǵˣҶ˰֣ҲûȻˣ𵶵˿ɳм䡣
ҼˣҶЩ˵ҲٷˣºҸŮúùӾˡ
˵ǿƺҶᣬæ͵ҶģԺԲȥɧСˡ
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Ҷ˵ͷһָǰĲ輸ã˵죬֮ڰЩӳʲôĶȥҪ֧Ʊϣ̵Ʊݡ
ȻҶӳûмҪǮҪģǸобҪһ¶ǿԷʲô˼ĻҶ첢ٸһйζ
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ҶǿЦ͵ҶҲԸ⣬⡭ⷿӹҳȥ֣ɲǼܰ쵽ģҪа
Ҫ೤ʱ䣿ҶҲôͷĺԺѾǿˣǰǰ󻹻һڵʱء
ҰѼ۸ҵ͵㣬һӦȥġ
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Ҫ˵Ҷһ֣öǿһӵļԣպ˸̫̫ʵʵӣһҲûҳһΡ
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Ҳ˰롭
ĺԺӵǿʱҶ΢΢һ£֪Ȼʲô˼Ȼ棬Լȷʵûʲô鰡
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ҶһǾϣ̵ƿİվݣ־ȥģ
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ţӵ¿ٻһ£Һõطȥ˵ɣ
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¶ǿԼôһʿӣҶ컹ȥ̽һƻ£ǷĶкô
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ţģôҲЩȤҶڴһ䣬ҲýϰղصĶ


220 Ȼ
Ҷ죬ұ꣬ҪǲĻҾͽְɡȻǺܻϵҶûʲôУϽ֮ĳƺ˹
ǺǣȻˡ׻˵ֲЦˣҶҲ˼˵ʲôµ˵ͷǴӦ
Ҷ죬ЩղضǴŵľųô˿ǲ࣬Ҫóȥһ׼˳߼۵ġ
ϻ֮󣬼͹Ͽ佱һӵĹˣȻҲȫڹάҶ죬ΪЩȷʵ
ƨɵŵĻƻȦΣǿƻҾߣгأһԲӣ˵ҲҪϰ
ȿȣҪǼҸϲֹˣҶЩƣȻＱŻطȥżȻ̸ŨҲóԸϱ߰ɣ
׻ƻҾߵļֵҶȻ֪ģȦڽϾӶ࣬Ǹ껨һٰʮǮһҴģҶƽ֪ڶӶߴٴˡ
ҶֵܣϼҲҪǲӸСĻпյȥ򣬿ʲô˳۵ģԭ̸㣬ô
᷿֮󣬼Ȼ˺˽Ҳͬԣý飬͹ӶںҶΪѵİգʱ˰˾ŷ֡
⵫Ŷˣһ˵˺öʹ˲ԸҲϸȥһ۵ģԼȻҶ첻ܾĽġ
ֻǼ͹û뵽ҶԹѹûʲôȤһӶҲģҶƽࡣ
Ǻǣ֣ʱװһԺӣʵûգҪ¸ôҶĺԺؼʱйȥʲôŶ¿ˡ
Ҷֵܣֵúܰ治ȥ
ȻסˣľųǹҲЩģȥҲ·û뵽ȴǱҶܾˡ
Ҷ죬ȥԷȥÿζú񻰣
Ҷ뿪Ϳ͵ʱҶƽſС죬п˰ô˵һö೴ˡ
Ҷϰְ˰֣˵֣ˣϾߣǿžˣͷ˰վݸ
ǿҲ֪ҶǸˣæվ˵Ҷģһ׼˵İ죡
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ҡǼȻҶʶң
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죬ҵȻʶˣ˵Ҷ죬ţôϰ
ҶƽԶӵΪǲƽĸҲ·˾ܵˣӾȻҪϱ˹Ҹղƺܲ
֣ĸİ
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˵ʵʶ־Щڱڵһҵĸ֮󣬼ȻĲΣûҶ
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ǡȻתҶ죬˵ͷæ˵ãǾ߶Ҷˣ
Ȼǿȴ֪Լʣ˵ҶһҪȥҽԺӣȸ˰
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֣һ£ͼȥԷɣȥԣ
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Ҷ֮ǰһйȴʧˣϵȻѾ˼£ȴʩչκε
ƽľ֮Ҷϥ˴ϣĶԪϵ˵ƻ¿ʹ͸йʱ°빦
һСʱȥˣҶѾ죬ҲûоҪ˳һЩ㬵ֱ塣
ʦǲҲֶǮƣҵİ
Ҷðôһͷνƣɢɢѡ⼸仰߽֮д㣬ϵҲǾߵġ
һţΪ÷ǮƻǴŴܶȻֶθɽٳ֣մܵӦ
Щ˼ʹ֮ҲὫõǮɢˣϵҶ߽Ǽ꣬Ǯû׬ϵ˳ȥ
Ҷ죬ҶڶԹ˼У⴫˸׵ĺ
֣ôˣЬ´Ҷ˷ţҶƽ֪ԼҪǺٵԺԼġ
ȥϣղżȻȻûָҪȥϰ֪ӣһ˰ɣ
öӣ쾭飬ҶƽɲҶģֻǹ֪ͨһԣ֪ͨ
֣˽һﰡҶЩ˵棬Ҷ쵹νģǶԼȻûʲôύ˼
йڣ˵ζ
ûУҶЩۡҶʵʵ˵
СӣʲôʸԱ˿ۣ
Ҷƽһ⻰ʱˣҶͷһ֮˵𿴼Ȼ䲻Ҳû꣬ڿǱһģÿĳɽεЩ󻧶Ȳϵģ
˵Ҷƽѹ˼˵˵ȻڹЩϵ⾩򼽵ĹУ¢ϵˣֻҪ˽ҪͨҶ죬ɱС˰
ҶƲƲ죬˵Ҿ֪Щ˲ʲôϰ֣㲻˰ɣżһУɱ浱ˣ
ϴϰµ鷳ûҪҶСɲôһΣ뵽ϴҶͷȻһ£ʵ֣Ķ಻డ
Ȼ֪һƷǺѳΪģϴΰ׼һ޺ۣҶЩǶ˼ڴС


221 
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ӵĻҶƽЦ˵ЩȻǼùģȻ඼ǳֻҪ񲻾ٹٲһûʲôµġ
ȻȰʮĹΪĻǱȽޣҶһ鲢ûÿˣٶЩЩϸ
ϴνҶƽȥŻｻ׵ǸˣڽϵרȡЩڤĹˣڱľǼȻ͹ˡ
ȻΪϵ⣬˽ȴ˸ʡݵĵĹŻǳֵĹõ
ڼȻһıϽǮԼ͹⼸һֱ˳˳ˮģŽеҲˡ
ֻԼʼ󣬼͹Ҳ̵ʶ˱ҪԣҪǿż壬һͳηȥˣŻ뾡취Ҷ޸ϵġ
׵ĽͺҶһ£˵֣Ҹȥ⣬ҾմһЩȽϺãģʱˣ
ⲻʲôض񹲷ߵ飬οԴĲˣŹгزҲԴһЩٴġ
Ҷƽ˵ͷ˵İɣģЩ˲ٺöгҾרͨеˡ
˼԰ЩͬȣҶƽǱȽ۹һˡ
Ҷƽ֮ͷ׾ݣΪЩ⣬Ǳһٳ߸ԭ򣬾ڵȴƷгȳ
Ҷƽһ궼ȥǺöˡ
Ĳ˵ǿⷿʮҤҶƽóĻܺ䶯ľųǹȦӵġ
һҶƽѹҲˣҪԷɣҪСһңĺԺĿÿҲǲƵһǮֻ⾭Ͼͱ׾
ҶƽĿ⣬ͶЩĹˣЩһݡֵռ󣬶۸ˣҶƽʽҲתĹ
֣Һһȥ
Ҷ˵ͷû˵ʲôһ˸пˣΪҶҵˣҲ˵Ŀɬġ
ںȥμʲôУҶҲֻǱײ˵ͷǰ׼ģ
Ҷʮ꣬ҲϵϴȥôطĿǰΪֹʦġ֮ͨ⣬Ҳͽˡ޺ۡһѷ
ҶҲû¶ϣڶһȥԼԺӣ½˸Ŀ߹̵ĽչҲӿˣҶ첻ܲ࿴ŵ㡣
Ҷ죬µĹ̻϶ˣݵĸҲеĲˣ˼ԺӵĻ԰֮⣬ҪһЩϸµװޣʲôҪ
ҶȻˣʱæҶϵȽ٣ֻżͨ绰ѡ
ԺӵĻ԰һҪͼֽϻҪĳߴǧܸĶ
Ҷ˵԰ǰ԰ĺԺڣȫ޽֮Ӹ߿ոԺӣͻ֣ᷢĺԺһͼ
ǰ԰ǰ̫ͼе˫ۣԺĻ԰һ鷨
ע뵽ĺԺ֮УپºԼԺ鷨ʹ໥ںϣؼΪҶ
ϿĺԺеĺԺһģֻש뷿ݵĽµİˣӰĺԺķ
ĺԺ̵ĽչҶ컹Ǻģһʯשĵȥ鿴ĺ񣬷ȫҪ
ֻҶȴܲ⣬⺺֮󣬾ɫʽףɵװβźÿƫƫҶ·ʯˣ⻹㣬滹ҪһĺԺʯש
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ںԺԼǰȴҶȴǽĳһ⣬һ棬ԶϽǵĳǽ
ȵҶĺԺ޽ãһ׼ǱĺԺĶһݣʮĩڵʱȻ˿ʼʶĸĽĺԺԲҶƵؽġ
ȻܰĺԺҲǽǮѳģҪ֪ҶլӲŻʮ򣬵޽ӳȥһʮˣ⻹պԺļҾߵʩ
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СһͨԣҶ֮⣬ֻ̫̫û¾̫̫ɹ̫Ҳ̫̫ϡĲˣԹȻûˡ
ԼԺһ죬ϵʱҶŻص˼Ǳϰ־Ŷѵһ٣ԭûֻ
ڶһ磬ҶƽɣɣҶнʻȥ˵Ǿ򼽼طĹ混Ӷᵽ治һĴ
Ҷƽرʱ̣ϳһֱȦ죬ĺǲģմ˶ӵĹ⣬Ҷƽһ·ҲЩ˷ܡ
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ʻһʱҶƽͻȻڵĺԺ˵ʮĺԺټװСӳȥˣ治֪ôģ
ҶƽסլӣԺ󲻻ҪоҶһĺԺĶһٵΪǮ˿ɶнˡ
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ҶܾûϰһˣڳϺţ鵹Ҳܲ˵Ц䣬ӿһΧǽĴ棬Χǽϲ˲
ǰƤģ׿׶ߣȫΡ
űϹҵʾǸֻȲ·Ҳģһ۾ܿõġ


222 ¢
˿ȴǴŽգҲһ˿ԺҶƽҲûֻͳֻȻ˸绰
ӹ󣬴ű˴һ죬һ¶ͷҶƽĳƣŽȴŶˡ
Ժӵ˼
ҶڳƵУ⡰ھȻ˸ӰǽҲ˵ӴŴ򣬳һǽ֮⣬ʲôҲ뿴
ֻǰѳȥƹӰǽ֮ȴǱжˡ
Ӱǽ棬һռСͣܵѾͣ˶ʮ۱ԼҶ첻ϵֵĺ
ͣҲ࣬һС¥濴ͨʯҵǽ棬ôۡ
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վڼȻһ඼ɵۣ͹ȻûʲôӣİǺܴģûȻʲôʱܳӭӹ˵ģ
ܣ˼һ֪·һԼõʱϰ˵룬Ҷƽղ˵·ȴǹ˾ŵˡ
ҶƽĻ󣬼Ȼæ˰֣˵ҪҪӦȥģҶ壬涼ʼˣȥɣ
Ĺأһ֮⣬ǲԼģȻͳһųΧľųһȦҪһ
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ܣ֪صģԼȥˡҶƽҡҡͷȴǲüȻ㣬ֵطףԽǲԽãʡı˸ˡ
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죬ҶǸԺλкŵ㣬ǧ
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ܱȻίΣȻҲмɫģȻĻȻڲ²Ҷ˵ݣѾ뵽͵ȥˡ
طЩĹ߾ۼڰ
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ԹŸɵĹһеˣܵգǵյһСˣҲǶ֪֮ιˡ
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µ²Ǻܴģ̫Ѿ߸¶ڶʮ߰˶ңһ߽ʱо
˻Ϊԭ򣬵ҶüͷȴؽˣҶƽ֮󣬿˵֣ʲôȸ˵£Ķʲôģ
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֮⣬ҴԼʮˣ·Ҷƽ͸Ҷ˵Щ˼¢ľųǵĴڹ潻ס
ҶôҶƽղĴ鿴ĹҲ˱˵ע⣬һµˣк˹
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Щ˾Ͱ򵽵Ĺߵϣһǻ棬۸ʵڣҳҲţȻǵõ˹Ļӭ
û׳ҶƽĻϰЩģ׷һ䣺˵Ҷ˭İ
׻˵ⳡ޸ӣȻܺҶƽҲѣƽҲϼ䣬Ҷƽļ룬ȻһЩ˵⣬⻰ҲںҶƽĵ
أϰͻ˽ҶƽȦˣϾԽԽѳˣٸҲǺõġ
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ȥҼͬУһϢҶƽǼȻܹģǾֻˣϾҲǿżܳԷġ
ƨ⣬ֵôĶǵ𣿡
ȵϰ뿪ҶվϰƲƲ죬СͱֵĲϲ⣬Ҳиɵġ
ҶˣƽӴľɷЩ棬ǴϣҲһ˿ɷȻҶĴˡ


223 
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ҲǣҺСĥʲôˣȻ˵ʡĵˡ
Ҷƽ˵ͷҶ켸䣬ֵطƷһʳܺ׽̸ֱۣʲôҪ˵
ˣ֪ˣ֣ǷֿɡҶ첻ͷذ˰֣ɴ಻ϰһˣ߶
СӣҶƽöҲûޣ֪Ҷаö࣬ҲĶӻǳʲô
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Ȼ߰˸̯ӣҶ춼ûʲôöȻԶԵģЩڱǼֵǵıˡ
ˣ˼԰ЩѵҲһڵϣǲкģȻ˿۵ġ
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λֵܣ߰ɣǹȥ
Ȼ֪ʲôǼҶʳ⻰ҶƽæԲСҶһ
ԭ˰⵹ҲǣСӲƽµġϰֵĻҶҲ˹
ĳغͰȫǼȻģṩЩȻҪշѵģÿɽȻҪȡٷ֮ʮӶ𣬶ӶҪ


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ȵǹԱȥ֮ҶϰֵĶͳһͷһֻ˵壬⼸ǴİʮФǻȱ
ѳƷǼһ㶼ǳ׳ɶԵģҶ֪ⶫԲֻҲ˵ͷϼпܻʣµ
ǷĿҲܴΪ׼ռСڷŵʱ϶ǷһģͬһѨûһΪһȴͨġ
ٺ٣СӣʵĿɲϹذͷȻרҵĹģܽ뵽ȦȻҲĹˣԷǴɵġ
ͷĻҶ赭д˵壬һҸɲˣֲֻ⼸ճһףҪûУǾˣ
ͷ¶һ˿ԥ
壬ûоˣҺ˵ʵڻ⼸ҲңܸǧľͲˣҶͷּһѻ
Ҷ⵹ͷμӽ׵ǰӹŶǣûһǼ̵ġ
ͷĶһ磬Ҷ˵Ҳǳ۸ǧģϰҶƵʱǧͷҲ͸ˡ
ҶĻͷûԥ˵ʱʱ򣬵ȷʮһľͷģмСӿԼģȥˡ
˵ͷһ£¶һ˿ɫСӣҪܰٸȫˣٳʲôأ
ͷҲףԼǼͲֵʮģòɵǮģȻϷŹλˡ
Ҷһͷǰ˻Σڳһƴֵģ˵ۣ壬ֻҪԼϲĶҲںǮģֻҪܺЩһףٸʮ򣡡
˵ģƭϺģͷ۾ҸʲôɣܴǼСҪʮǰװ׬ˣ
Ҷ룬ҶƽҪһƬñдԼֻţݸͷ˵壬ĵ绰һУֻҪԣʮһֲģ
ɣСӣ͵Ⱥðɣ졭죬Ҿ͸绰
ͷ˫ЩĽӹƬ˽ʮټҶŵʮҲũˣڳ׷帣ˡ
ˣ壬¶֪ˣ𡭡
ô˵ͷ˽Ľףǻ˼ȻߵĹˣϰԺҪڹ˻죬ҶҲϰִʲô鷳
Ҷ컰û˵꣬ͷ˹˵ãϺõģСӣİɡ
߸̸꣬Ȼ˽ЦҶ죬£
ҶҲûֱ˵֣ˢʮɣҪǷĻʮλ壡
УС¡Ȼ˵ͷԸĹԱ˵ˢòʮֽ
Ȼ̬Ҷ⣬ǵȷܻˣҲзִ磬ֵڵʵʵڵ顣
ȻתʺһͨװŵʮҲͷǰȻʮ꣬ͷļôǮֶǲŵġ
壬ЩǮҪպ˰ǳȥȴ
ͷӣҶҲ֪ԼǶǴԼЩ˵Ϊŵ¸ĹŴĹЩũİɣ
ҶĻ󣬼ȻЦҶ죬İɣǶÿ˶ר͵ģȫԲ⡣
ɣ֣лл˰
Ҷ˵ͷƺʵˣ֣󰡣
ǺǣʮˣҶֵܣôˣ͹ȻҶоЩ֣ʵʵĻشˡ
ͷѾԱ˳ȥҶѹ˼ɤ˵֣ҪҵĻ;ɣ֮ڣ֣֮
ȻȻԼЩڷؾĹ飬ЩṩôһҲմ
Ҷֵؿⷢڣ֮ͣ۽Ƿࡢڣк˿ٸȥĻʮضη
𿴼ȻڸɵķˮǹûزŽ棬ƾȻıͱסġ
Ҷ첻ϲǷڼȻõָܹһ٣Ҳǻˡ
ʲô
ҶĻ󣬼Ȼɫ䣬˵ʵһУȷ߸˿ĸоֻеĲܸߣһֱ᲻÷ѡ
ǺǣҾôһ˵ɡ
ҶǺһЦǷȻ飬Ҳֵֻôһ仰һԿǼֵǧģԷǴˣȻϴ֣ҪǼȻ̰ȣǴҲǾȲġ
ллһ濼µġ
Ȼ˵ͷϾΧѾһȺ壬ڼʹ֣ҲҪһʱġ
Ȼ֮ҶҲûٳȥڷϢ˰СʱҶƽЩɣ뿪Ժӡ
ȻЩĶѷҶƽĳϣɲǰǮģʮĶûװһ䡣
С磬Ҷ죬ǻ
ڴӼȻԺʱҶƽʹ˵绰άŻؼˣһĺԺάӭӹҶƽе
ЩĶܵ͵ˮʴȽ֮뾭ĴҶƽҶֱӾȥ˿ⷿ
ҶƽûٽЩҲǼ죬ֻʣҶյͭƺͼʯˡ
Ҷʯһóһ黢ͷҶƽ˹ȥ˵֣İɣ˴״Űɣˣǧ˳Ǯ
Ҷ죬ǷҶͳʯάһ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ûС÷ûкģȹٸѰһ
ά֣ҡҿɲҴⶫذ
øϣأҶЦЦһյͭƣ˵֣øȻȥˣ⻹Ҫµġ


229 լ
ԭҶһֱŸǶһģֻͷķҲͷҶҲ¶Цݡ
ֻܹõҪΪĺԺ󷨵ۣ⼸ФҲǲҶȵͷ͸ǡ
ҶճⷿͼûŻŵĴ˳æëͷأ
ëͷҶСһëͷëԵĺǿɰҶ͸ô֣ŮǣûһϲСġ
磬ղŻúõģһת۾Ͳ֪ȥˣⲻ𡣡
ȣˣˡҶȻоһ׹ͷȥĸצץԼĿء
ëͷͲˡëͷҶȾǼʡ
ˣѧˣȥȥҶЦõͷһץסëͷԼļͷ
Сһﳤĺܿ죬ûĹ򣬾ʹӰƴСʮ๫ֳˣһɫëƯ
ëͷյͭȸƣҶԺԼķƷϣԼԡȥ˸裬ٳʱ򣬾Ѿо˿˿ɷˡ
ȻǺö
γҲǷǳ̵ģҪĹΪ֮أϴһԹ˲γɼ֮йĹֹǧ򣬵ȴǲࡣ
ףһô£
ҶЩǣȴûɷӰ죬ſȸºڵз۾ҶȻ˲Ի
СһѩɽϳģӦ֮ɣҶ˰ΣҲֻóô𰸡
гɷ˸ܲģҶߵȸǰ˫˼ָͬʱĶԪʱǹһ磬ǹɷҶ
ɣպ˵õ
ΪɱۣǿɱͬҲɷɷĶһЩɷ֮صķˮĳЩʱȷҪ
ղȴһ飬Ҫ֤ڵɷʧҪ취
ҶѾˣĺԺ󷨲ɣͰյȸѨ֮ùʹڵɷõĻ˵ܳһ޺ۡ෨ˡ
ߴߴߴߴܵǹɷʧˣëͷʱΧȸתƣȻĸСצӱסȸƣһܵģ
ˣֲǰƣĥˡ
ëͷЦģҶ첻ЦҲûȥҳëɰԼֽϻˡ
ɽѩ֮Ҷ⻹ǵһƷйԪڱʼ⣬Ҷ˱ɣһǳɵĽһŷ˳
֪Чô
Ҷ컭һɷķ书Чеũſڵġ̩ɽʯҵլԺɷ֮ҿ
Ҷùȸƣëͷ÷ȸƵĵʱǹ˿˿ɷջصȸڡ
ߴߴߴߴоԼϲɷˣСëͷʱҶͬʱĴܵҶͷϣСצҶͷ
ҶһѽëͷץЦˣĺԺúɷǣ㰮ôھôȥ
Сһﲻ֪ǷҶĻ۾תһȦ󣬴ҶﵽԺȥˡ
ҶҲûСͨԣǲܵĺԺĵطȥģԴëͷԭԿѾˡ
ļ죬Ҷ춼ڼͷĵ绰
һֱȵʱͷŴ˵绰ЩĸҶ죬ֻһ
һͷһֶӴŵģǰȥʱȥˣСȻû£ƫƫˡ
ͷĻҶҲͽκΣֻ˵ͷֶǼӹһνѡ
ҶҲûźĸоǾ֮ͨˣȻ֪ʮʮŵĵ֮䷲²һЩȱҲܾԣȴһǺõġ
ȻûһʮФҲҶѹɣʮļ۸Ӷǿ׬õһֻʣ˶ʮ
ҶҲһȻɣĪԼȱǷȱǮҪȻЩҲ׬˺üˣͷȴǴ治סǮ
ȻҲֻҶĲ룬Ȼ治סǮûȱǮڵõͷҶټ˼ˣЩַȥ
Ҷüһˣ½Ѿһ鷨ϴúСûҶһͳȥ߼Ф
һģҶֻܸһФ
ЩĹﳾվãĹЩҶܸӦؼˣһ˿ҲģҶ쵹Ҳ˼ġ
ϴ½衻Ե¼󣬲Ҷҵ˻½ҵˣ֪˷ҪԣҶ͵Щ֮
һʱ䣬ûʲôƨҵҶ죬СëͷÿĺԺ֮䣬ӹҲͦʵġ
ʮ³ʱ򣬱תˣǿϻҶӵһأҶĺԺҲչĽ׶Ρ
ҶĺԺĸ죬Ƕ价޽彨ֻһЩװޣûжڵҲʡȴΪ¡صʽ
չ죬ҲĺԺҶƽҲ˼԰ӸˣŴСõĶϵҶ¼
壬ллˡ
ҲȻùģҶһߵ˵ҵһ⣬һýţЩǹǵĺŷȥɡ
ãҶ죬Ĳðϰ棬Ҷĺһơ
ǺЦ˵°ɣ²Ϊ
ллҶܣллϰ壡ˣҲͰư͵˺
Ȼû򿪿һ£ǺһҲǧ飬ҲЦݣаҶˡ
ſƶ˫ǹ
ʱ֣ҶװһµԺſڷһǧıںһԼƵķ߶˼䣬·סʽҲˡ
緹Ȼ¾Եģ֮⣬Ҷ춼û룬һٷһֱԵӣŸȥ
صԺ᷿Ҷһ˵֣ãǶȥɣլǶҪ
ĺԺȻĽˣҶδ󷨣ԺӹȻˮҶеԶģֻе󷨿֮󣬲һˮء


230 Ǭ
ҶլӣĻ˲ٵ˼ûֱӳǮ֮⣬мҾ뵽飬쵽ˡ
ļҾԼ͹ůϵͳЩò˵ˣĺԺǰʮڣÿ˰ڷ˵«βȻܣȾ塣
˲ٵĻ̿˸Ľ䴦õԼ϶ȾȺܵ͵ģͨȽϺãողŽãҶסġ
ͼ֮ҶرĺԺĴţƺһ¾ͱ̧ͷ˸ǽ֮⣬ܿľգ۴ҲĽˡ
Ҳסڹʹһص㣬Ϊ˱ŶòڶǱ˽߶ȵģֻҪĺԺĴһأһСˡ
ԼһסôطЩݳްװһµĴլţҶҲЩп
ǰԺʮ᷿㹻ס߰˻˼ңҲд̼ҾߣסˣȴֻҶһ
ӷˮĽǶȶԣٶ̫󣬻ʹɷˮżҲСݴ٣Ϊݡ˵
ټĺԺУҶȷе¶ȣҪϲ١
Ҷ󿪡šɷδȻֲ˲ﶬڵֲǰ󼸽Ժһ˿
Ҫǻ΢Сһˣδظҹһס棬Ҷԣȴľ֮ء
ȻҪ󷨺Уôĵطһ˾סĻʱ䳤ҲӦǾ䡰ݴ٣ݡĻ
˰ʱҶһլӣ򵥵ĳ˵ͰԼʰõõԼĺԺλȴǸСβ͡
СëͷҶѾܶԺˣƺ֪ԼԺͻﳤסȥȻ˷ܲѣܽԺʧȥټҲ֪ܵĸȥˡ
ҶûȥСһǻصԺԼķĬĬҪԼ״̬ãȡܰ󷨿ɹ
Ҷ󷨣Ǭ󣬴ӷˮĽǶ˵ǬǰеسأΪŮԼ
ҲôҪΪ̵һַһֻ˫ѨϣɴֻޣҲ֪Щɽ󴨵ĸʿܰõ
Ҷȴȡ˸ɣ˵ʳǣһν֮Ϊ֮Ϊ졣
ʹɷɴأһԱǬҪҲʹﵽˡ
ֻҪʳԼʹɷȴһ׵飬ҶĹҲֻǿܰ쵽һͽǰ
Ȼ׼ѾãҶ컹ǲ˿Ĵ⣬һ󷨿ɣԪпܰһطΪġ
ҶһĸСʱȥˣҹʮʱ򣬶ڷϵҶ˫͵оһ漴ȥ
ʱҶ죬оԼ״̬ޱȵĺãʹһǰϵҶҲаճɹȻһģɻᱻڵСһ㡣
׼õФҶ߳˷䣬̧ͷɫʱȴǸչѽڣʣһƬɫǹԺС
ҶǰԺһöǰԺ԰еһ£ҶһƴСİȫúƳɡ
׵ĺ񰵸֮кҶ콫ͬǺɵĸӿ˽ȥһϻһ
ź÷Ҷ˺Ժͬһ鷨뵽赼ãûвȫʹʯ£Ҷֻ˶ˡ
æЩ֮ҶԺͷ죬ʦؾҶڿʱתʱͨյʱִı뻹Ҫ׼ȷ
ˣϾҪʱתʱʱˣվ˴ԼСʱҶ۾͵һеͺȵǰ
Ҷĺ˫Ҳ˲ӡƺȻøߴ̩ɽΡ룬һƳ
Ҷɢȥƴﵽ˶֮ҶŲͻȻˣ־֮ı䣬ѿڶ
־ھдҶ캰֮ԪӿԺдĿҶ类Ĵ
ҶʶĿ£ԪȴֱŴȥڵĹǷⲻģҶƿصԪ˲ʹ˹ţ͹ʹŨɷһ
ʱֵʱתʱʱ̣Ϊһһʱʹеɷ֮Ҳﵽ˶㣬һӴҶ𣬿ڽǴһѪ
ģҪǹָˣһ޷󷨰
Ҷ췢Ըǵ͹˹ʹ۵ɷͬʱҲ߹Լ
ɽѩʹҶȬԪӴɷһ˲䣬Ҷ¾Ҫˣ³һѪôˡ
⸶һѪĴۣȴҶ͹ʹڵɷͨˣɽˮɷֱӱҶ쵽˺Ժ֮С
ڻǿ󷨵ʱ̣ҶһԺȳƺ˹ǹɱɷҶѹ֮С
ڴʱΪ֮һ䣬ʱˡ
׻˵֮ʱ֮ʱʼĽϵ㣬ΪʱĿʼԪڴ˿Ҳ˱仯
ҶܸӦõһ֮ڹʹڶ𣬿æһУ
С־ʹΪƽ룬˸׵ƿԪ
ҶϷġӡ֮󣬻ʳ˾Աǣ纣㣬뵽ǰԺѨ֮С
̩󿪣ںʱʱٵʱҶ־ֱ䡣
һֳڣ۴öͻȻɢӨӨ󣬲һɾĺԺϿȫ˵ɵ֮С
Ǭһ̣ȫˣĺԺ±鲼ĺʯԺ۶ȥ
ͷ亹Ҷ죬ʱҲ޷ƿؼԪˣһƨ˵ϣ¶ŵ飬ɹ񣬾ڴһˡ
ʧܣ˵Ԫײ֮£ҶĺԺ϶ΪһƬ棬ҶѾΪֻܼдûкԼˡ
ûҶеײɺԺ֮󣬾ͬѩཻһ㣬ٵں
Ԫںϣһɼ䴿Ժڶ𣬷·һ㻤֣Ƭ֮ͽĺԺסˡ
ʱ̫ǶĺԺĻǾͻ֣ᷢԭɼĺԺƺһ㱡ɴȻȴ￴ģˡ
ǳɹˣڵЩǱҶ죬ŨԪϲ¶ϲ顣
ЩԪڸɽ֮Ŀһ㣬Ĳһ˿ִȾʡ


231 仯
ߴߴߴߴ
Сëͷ֪˳ĴҶڴȥ¶һСԴǾ֣Ҷ첻סš
ĸӦҪǿܶ౶ҶڿǬʱ򣬾ЩںͬƵ˶ûоȴǰСһŵòᡣ
ĽʵһɷϲСëͷҲܲˣղǹϢѹſڵһҶ
ҶһһŨЦС¸ʲôûиоĿҪѩɽϻҪ°
ȻҶЩԪľȴʮֵܣڴʱ˿̣Ҷûȥұ˷ԼĿֻ֣ܶСһ˵
ߴߴߴߴƺҶĻСһԴĶſᣬεĽȴǳ˾ϲ
ҶЦëͷСԴ˵ԼȥɣԺӾˡ
ҶĻСһಡһʹ˳ȥؼ˷ܲѣֻһɫӰҶطɱ
ҶûСһ棬˿״̬ãȻгŽʵʵԪҶÿκܸоظ֮ʹ
ĺԺԪǿֲȫһģҶҲˣɴڵת˹鿴һܵơ
ãû˸ָܻ࣬ˡ
֮Ҷ¶ɵɫɷҶֻԼ˳ƶΪû˼ĸ
ȻҲҶ˵ԭǰʱѩɽ֮У޷ԦӴԪ˵ĺԺҪһġ
վҶչһ壬ԺӵԪа꣬꣬˺ͻʹɷͱĴˡ
峯֮٣ʳĩ·ʹĻʹˣһʱǲʧģҶ͵ȴǽڼˡ
ЩۻɷˣܹʱҶܵǿȣҲ֧ġ
Ȼ˵ˣһ꣬ҲҶζЦѵģֵط¾ǹŴЩʿǣҲ޷ġ
Ҫ֪Ļʹ֮Уиҹ񡢲ˣ˸ôһ֣ǾУĻйȥа
ԺԭǹɵɷȻȫʧˣ֮һϢ
Ҷ֮һᾪĪģΪҹ䣬԰ʻţڣɾһ㡣
Ҷ֪ɵӴµģȵһʱǿȾͻԼԺֲӦ֮Ҳٳ澰ˡ
ߵԺԼķҶ콫յȸ˳˺ȥϵķ󣬽ѨϣҶڴҲܳΪ޺ۡһķ
æһ֮Ҷصг˯˹ȥһ˯ޱ𣬷·ֻص˶ʱûȾͷȫտյéɽһ㣡
ߴߴߴߴ
˯еҶȻоЩɦͬʱëͷĽ۾һСһǰצ˺Լͷء
СӣĵǺ簡
Ҷܾû˯ô̹ˣ˿նʱظʹѾȫʧˡ
ߴߴߴߴëͷҶĻǲͻȻҶͷһʹæ˵𣿡
Ӵⶼʮ˰ҶĿɨ͵¹ӣһ£ԼȻ˯ʮСʱˡ
Ҫ֪ҶǼйɵģÿӾͻԼ˸ϵǴΣòƻû֮
˵ҸﰡҶȥϴһûϵСëͷȴҧĿʹ⳶
ߴߴҶĻСһɿ죬ȴֱ壬ǰצҶȻ
Ҷûѧĥ˰֮ʵ˽ţ
ߴߴСһͷҲ˲ҶˣֱӴŵŷ˳ȥ
һҪɾˣģһ᲻
ëͷͨԵı֣Ҷ첻ͷ˳ԣ˵ϸ꣬ëͷǿء
ڵ̵УľԣҲ˵ǵǣǲܳΪһĴڣЩ˵񻰴֮Уȴûʲôƾʵݵġ
֪ڵȣҶҲ˲ϴˣ˼·ǰԺȥ
Ҫ˵ĺԺΨһоľǣӺԺǰԺҪһᣬмȴڶ࣬ǵӾ硶¥Ρеļָһ㡣
ãô
һ㲻ǻӵĺԺǲģҶ򿪺صĲ֮һ۾Ϳǰͼλ̫̫Ĵá
Ҷ㣬ֶӰСӳúܾȢϱûУ
һ̫̫Ҷ죬Ц۾зʳĻȴáҶʦһ亹Լ˯ʺûüôܺ;մأ
Ǻǣڵ˲ǲĵģϴѧǻ̸ˣ
̫̫ЦźͼϽг˼䣬Ҷѵⶼˣ㻹ȥԷ
Ҷͷ˵ãذɣϴһǾ͹ȥ
ҪǵҶ򼸸Ͻ÷롣
Ҷ㣬Ȼȥˣʱġ
Ǽλ̫̫æذ֣ʲôЦҶլӿĹլȻ˵ʿˣһϻǲҴլſߵġ
ף
һ߽ĺԺ̫̫סˣȻʲôԪԺĿȴëչǸо·ǳ˲ιһ̩
Ҷ죬ҡôоԺӺһأ
ٿ԰ʢʻ̫̫һ㣬Ҫ֪ڿɪɪˣҶȻһ㣬ֻ·һ֮ңΪʲô֮أ
̫̫Ǵ޹ҵˣϡܼǵСʱûκιҵȾʹʱĿҲǰһھ˸оġ
ҶЦ˵ãԺÿڶסɣ֤꣡
Ҷ첻Ҷҵ˰ҪԪŨˣûоͨˣһʱȴ޷Ӧģͺ˲ҲǺöܶ˶鲻ܲһ
ÿܹס죬ܵ¹ùǵܣڵһЩųȥȵһŨһЩҲܳסˡ
ԺӣھҲȲϰ
ĺԺı仯̫̫ĵĻϲǰƬĽֵΣʲôĺԺûнûһܺȵġ
ٺ٣ã˵ˣǻʹҲȲģҶ컹û˵󻰣ϽǺҶҲǲỻġ


232 
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һҶĺԺֲѣǵ˳극ʱ򣬲űҶŻصլӡ
ĺԺı仯ﶼ˭Ҳû˵Ҷϵ漣Ҳһˡ
ϳԷʱҶϰ˵֣ãҪȥ㶫
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ǱҪҪĶɲ٣Ҫ֣Ϣһ죬ȥѶ˰ɡ
Ҷͷڳûǲ㣬Ͼʣʮˣ˶֮һף򳵵¶ڿңңˡ
Ҷ죬˷Ѱ߶㣬·ԺˣҶƽδ˵̫̫ǲͬˣˣϲһһԷĸо
̫̫˼Ҷæ͵ãͷûȫأ⼸Ҫ壬ԵĺǲһҪרġ
ҶĹ޵ģʳҪ󼫸ߣڵԪͻĿǰƿҪѡʳԣҷҪصǰ״̬
ҶÿջҪһЩҩţ̫̫ղûԼɣҶŴլ￪ġ
ҶҪ壬ֻ̫̫ܴӦܵ˵ƽСȥɣ⵱ľûĹӵ塣
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Ҷƽû뵽ǣûȥгųֱܵ˳壬һ֮˳г
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ҶҪĳҶƽʱһСӣӵʲô˰ǳ˵ģһζһҪó𣿡
ֲԼҶŲôأƤЦ֣ӵҪ˵ˣƳҲûˣ꣬깦Ҹµϣô
Сӣ˵Ҷƽб˶һۣʵûҶŵǻȥġ
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ӱȫһҩгͿʼȫṩҩģͬýҲȥġ
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ʱүϵ˰طжҩǵĳƺ򿪳󣬱Ƕ˶һŨŨҩζ


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뵽ҩ֮ǹҩζǳڿеÿһ֮УŵҶƽֱüͷߵҶűӣһܵģ
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Сӣõģ
̯ҲûⱾԼֵģҶžܱݺҩԣȻǸмҡ
һ㶮ҩмȴ˵ʲôҩԵ⣬ǶҩҵģֻҪ۸ˣҩԲһҲνˣ̯Ŷ϶ҶԼõġ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵԰壬ûҩԺõģҰҩģ
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ҶҰҩģҪȥ̻۵ˣһЩģϴҵչҩݻһЩ
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ͻ֮Ҷܽ뵽ľ磬Ҳ֮Ϊ칦ȫĹϽһ򿪣ͨʱ֮֮һϡ
̶ֳ֮Ҷٶдܵط֮ͻСϺܶ࣬ǰһЩ޷õĹҲʩչˡ
ص֮Ҷֱź˴˵绰֪ԼҪչؾޣסǸĺԺÿ¿һγ֮⣬Ŷǽŵġ
ЩϽַɻǣĺԺоᴫĽʱеĻңĵ׷
ֵΣùլһ˵ðͷֻҪǹϰ˵㣬һ˸ҴҶլǰˡ
µʱת۶ҲԽԽˣ⼸˼ѩľųǶѩ֣һƬװعľ
յһûбҶסƬԺʱʱĶܴڵҶԺӵĴȻգûһ˿򿪵ļ
ǾڴʮһϣرµĴլţ֨һˣһͷ˴˳

ԶɨѩļˣڼͷסҶ֮ɨһӣ޺žȥ
ֻЩ̫ܵæûз֣һƬѩֵҶ棬Ȼʻŭš
ôֲ𣿡
Ҷһ£Ťͷĳʱ˹ֽͷһȻִͷĨʱһڷƮ˵ϡ
ߴߴߴߴ
ҶԺŵʱһɫâͬĴ˳ֱҶļͷɵëΧҶĲһȦǸȻΧһ㡣


234 
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·ϣҶ첻ͣĺͽַǴкٽأÿ϶΢ЦһȺȺСӸǽȺľ͵˱ڡ
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Ҷüҵ˶Ѿȥˣ⼸궼ǾһģǰʱȴǶȱҶ졣


235 ɽ
ඣඣ
ֵɾǺˣԹҹ½衵ĶСԺűڣľųǽǰһˣǱǴ˷ڶ
￴ŵ죬ҶǺСӾģвСһһ꡷ĵӾ磬ȴˡ
žϵҲϵطű仯Ҷʱļ·ֳǰ
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ðɣӦûȥˣֽزȥˣǺá
Ҷƽ˵ͷǸСׯҲкĸ飬ǰÿ궼Ҫȥüεģ˼԰ֵһʱ䣬ȴ߲ˡ
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ЩǺϤĴӣһĻĻǰԼ±˼Ͳ£ͷһ㡣
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ҶСģܺ͸ĸһԸٶǮģҶȻ֪ĸжǮԸһǮҪҲĸ׻صԼߡ
ҶƽЦһ˵ѾԸԸˣôһʲƸкܶҲɼġ
ðɣ֣֪ˣҲ嶯ģȺŶ֮Ǿͻر
Ҷһ֮󣬲ûи߸ҪԼΪǸҶƽҲͽ޲
Ҷȴ˾裬ԼĴѱһЩ֪ˣƺѾʼ˶
˭أҶ쿿ϣ΢΢۾ȴͬһڷɿתš
ӣԼ˷ֵĻڣһӣֲ
ҶȻ۾ʵӣֲǼ·֮Ҷںܳһʱֱ˼ӵĸо
뿪ָоҲʧˣҶһֱû·ϣҶȴҵ˴𰸡
μˣ²ְɣҲաҪǵͷϣ˵ҪɨЩϰ
һЩںҶ¶һ˿ЦڵͶΣĸӦֻҪԷþΧҶ춼аȫˡ
Ҷ죬ôûô˧Уװѵװҿ
·ڵһ磬͵ںȻļҶ·أ˴зҶ죬һװȴǸһȫͬĸо
ҶԭͳüΪӢеĲ̫ҡҶȻȻؾ˼ʣƽʱ˿ȴҲڼˡ
׻˵ҪװҪװȻҪǮĲƵװ֮Ҷĺȫչ˳ǻ˸һ㡣
ҶƽʱżΪ򵥣ܹﰡü˵·Ҫ·ģ㲻Ա߿Űɣ
˭ҪŰ㻻˳ҪװЧӣҶСȭͷȴһ̵ĳ˷䡣
·治װžӣҶԼоҲܺãͦװ޳ȫ˳һּ侫ĸо
װ֮ںȻҲǴ۾û뵽Ҷ컻·˸Ƶģһ¾ҶʹװμӶʽˡ
ڼϺ̲ȻǶŷҲǴӽǰĸŴ󻧣ҶŮ飬ĳЩȦȻҲһˡ
Ҳúܶ˶ڲ²зݣϧǣڼֻСΧһЩϵĻ罻Ȧˣһû롣
Ҷ죬Ҵá
Ҷ죬Ƕүүˡ
Ҷ죬壬
˽ӣҶںȻĴ£վһĻвſڣӭŵ
Ȼֻ˺ٵһˣʹˣҲһٶˣҲҶԺãȻŰ˴ߴ̵Ķ
ʱһҪڱ죬ôһΣҪˡ
ҶЦĽֱˣҪһӾôһΣǲϲԼԸ񣬹ƿĿԶˡ
ʱ򣬱ѾĲˣںȻ׼Ҷ췵زʱһ壬ڼСõĶʽСְֶɣ
Żһʮ߰ߵǰһЦﻹŸ˶ߵĻ
˺ںȻȻ֮ϻ¶ЦݣкСŮĶĸͶܵĴݰ죬
Ǻǣӣλϲϲ
ܰѻ˲ſڣϵЦʮֵϣȫڼ֮ǰÿһʻ׷š
ллǰɣ롣ҶͬЦݣͶԷ֮˰뵽λ
ǲ֪ȻţҶЦظˣôҵλιӣû뵽Էˡ
ڸղֵһ˲䣬ҶܵЦܵȴһɱ֪ԼǰĲ²ȫûԷ֪Լݡ
ȸæ죬ʰ㡣ҶƳһܣںȻϲֵĵطȥ
ǰζû뵽ĻҪԸˣѽԼһˡ


240 
վſӭʽеʱ򣬵Ҷ˿
ף£ҶŻ˽ָȻҵĸĸ裬вʽҲˡ
ϾŵӣҲˣſͱ˺ںȻ˻ص˼ȻܵĳںȻЩԾãмûгʲôӡ
æµһ죬˶ЩˣںȻһҶ죬˵Ҷ죬ȥϴϴ˯ɣķɻŸһر
֪ˣ֣һչ˺ŵġڶʽҶ͸˿ڣһһ裬еںȻϻοϥӣҶŮҲ͵ǰˡ
ϱҪҪһ˯ҶʵһᣬͲˣһ仰˵糺죬Ҷһܻ֮صԼķ
ŮԼϷŮںȻЦõСӣȽ˵ɣٺСӶȥ
ٺ٣֣ҺȶˣȶˣͻطϴȥҶٺһЦŲ˶¥ķ䡣
ֻһϷţҶԭ˯۾Ȼһ±͸ﻹһָղϡɵģ
ߣҪˣ
ȻϰֵȰ˵ҶѾμˣǶڱֳѺõˣҶҲԲĴ
ϵĻ˵˴ˣǷ蹷ҧһڣǾһҪնɱֻ蹷Σˡ
ͷµĲˮǱˮ̹ǵˮҶϣһƤʱҶȴ¶ı顣
΢΢˫ۣҶĶԪʱԡھ磬ȴȵľȫ˳
֮󣬴ԡгҶ죬һ˿ҳһ»ϺҶ췭һСسĺɫпˡ
ºڷҹɱʱ
ڷаһСʱָָʱʱҶվ˶¥ĴһӰϢػ䵽˵ϡ
ڸչǱȽϺģѾҹˣС·ûһˣ˷￴ŵӡ
˱֮󣬴Ϻķپ˳ĺ䲢Ӱ˽ڵĿ֣·ȻвǣֵŮǣҸЦݡ
һЩưɣʱֵʱ򣬽ﲻ
ɽ·ǴϺʢһ֣ïܵķͩŷ½еɫŷ޻԰ʽ޲Ϻķ顣
Ҷʱںɽ·һҹİĿٽֵλϣŲؿǼ˸޺Ƶľưɡ
ŶԲҽӸ绰
§һŮ߳ưɵϵֻȻǸĶŮЦЦܿ첽Լĳϳʱ档
½ֱ壬˵ܣң
磬Ǳҹ˰ɣô㣬ǲ˼绰һ˴ʮֵᣬԷӦòǺܴ
ܣ˵ʲôһ绰ءȻкܣ飬ֱԳʱҪ
绰Ƕ˵˵˵ͷ˵ţ磬ȻǹùһִģʼնΣҵ˼𣿡
ܣ֪ˣѾ߳ˡ
ԷĻܴЦ˵˺ܶ࣬ÿ춼ڷŸ⣬ʱ˻ҲԱģܣʱҪο¹ùõģ
磬Ӧġ
ԷҲЦѹ˵һҪĸɾκε˿磬ٽ˰ɣ
İɣպŵĽӰˣһˡ
ܺͶԷ˵˼仰Ҷ˵绰¶һ˿Цʲô£Źùϲ㣬ƾ㣬ŵĽӰˣҲգȴպʰ㣡
õܣոնͷҲ֪ʲôԭʮǰһȥùãͽ߸
ҲǸӱĺӣʮʱʹӹѧԺҵʽ뵽Źʾ䳬ǿ֮ͳɹһҵ沢
ڶ̶̵ʱڣ˲Ÿܲõıϣ˶ܿóޱǰӰġ
ԼʹıֵܣܵʱȻҪģ˽жٻ¶ˣǲö֪ˡ
ڣܺܵ˼ȴһģǾǱҪȲⲿвҲùǴ˵еĶӣֻˣֵõȥŵȨ
ȥص֮Ҷһϵеĵ顣
ֻƵǣҶ쾹ȻûгլһȫκηĻᣬܲŻȥ׷ţҶ
˻˵ˣҶһסլǸֵĻᣬ뼸ɱֲˣ
ǲޱż̳˵һ̣μЩӵǣһеģǶ֪ޱңĶӲָʲôء
Ҷ⣬޲κë⣬ǼֵΪȵһȻͽˡ
Щ飬ǽרȥɰɣ˲ٵľƣ̫ѨЩͷ۵
ٹ죬һ񿼲Ϻû֪һˣרңϣв°ˣ֮С
ţ˭ôе찡
ܴ򿪳׼λŮʿϳʱ򣬺Ȼһ˴ӳӵһ˹ȥӰƺʲôط
˧磬׼ﴵ𣿡Ťͷȥ˵ıӰʱŮ˵Ļ
ȻƯŮʿϳ
ЦųŮ˰֣׼³Ů򿪳ŵʱ۾ͻȻڵ￴һס
Ŷô
Ҷ¶׵ݶԼЦЦͻȻһëȻĸоͫ͵رˣκӦԵ˼άʱһɴʹС
ֵվڱߣ߰ͷ·ˣ׼³򿪳ŵŮͻȻߴһ󷢶ĺܳʹ߳嵽·ϡ
ˣﰡг˲𰡣СҪײ
ǸԭȥЩ崿ŮʱŽŶܱƨƿڴţ;ųOͣôղˡ
ΪڵʱĽᵽ˼ޣ֮ڣͻȻͷһתһɫĽݺݵײȥ
䡱һ󣬱ͣ·ϵϡԼһӰƮĴӱǰ˳ȥ


241 
ͷǽײľ޴øûϵϱմܣ˴˳ӵǰ粣صײǽϣȻ󷴵˵ϣ˺Զͣ
ڵϵڳ鴤˼֮󣬾ͳײˣʱһٹϵײûϵմ£Ҵٷ֮һûС

֪ǲΪŮķӦ񾭹Եʣֱȥ˺ü֮ŷһЪ˹ļУ˶̱˵ϡ
˵Ůŵģؼոһܣ˵˺ɽ·Ҫײʵǡǡ˵ˡ
ҲǹģĲǹİ
ŮɫɷףʱһƬңҲûע⵽ӵŮ뵽ȺʧˣڻؼҺǷجΣҪĴԹǿˡ
һܣҶӰһǽ£˼ؿԶѾı
ղȻǶڳｲĵ绰ǻҶѾߵʮ׵ĵطĶȻղ˵ÿһֶ˶
Ҷ¶ݣҪʧأӶһɷ뵽Ժ֮Уһһ覵ĳ
ĻʹأΪû뵽Լ׷¹ʣȻô죿ֻĶȴǻԼ
ˣ˲ڹڣԼҲû취ˣμҵӦÿͣһʱˣ
žȻ;̴Ҷҡҡͷһ⳵ڼҵķʻȥѾСʱˣ˷Լûڼ
ϲӣղźи˽ȥڿӵһͻȻое㶯ŤͷȥʱȴӰûһ
ȫ磬˰ɣⶼˣʲô˰ϲӵıƿ￴һۣ˻ȥ
ܿ˱ĿҶص˺űƵԼסǸ䣬żǽһȣľʹӶ¥ڷ˽ȥ
˭һ뷿䣬Ҷ͸оЩԣִ޺˲们ġ
СӣҹȥˣҶƽҶ̧˻ȥָһ޺Ϣػص·ڡ
Ҷִ򿪴ߵ̨ƣ˵֣ҹҷҲƣ˵İ֪˻˵ģ
ٺҳЩûõģҾ㣬ղŸȥˣҶƽɫܲÿ֪µ죬Ҷ촳ʲô¨ġ
Ӧϰ֣ҶоĺܣƤЦش֣Ͼƺȶˣҳȥɢɢ¾ƣ³ǣߵĴ˵ϰ֣ҹ˯
Ӳ㣬
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˵Ҷ죬˵¶κϣĿǣļƻ
ӣҶƽ޿κˣҶСĺܣҪ飬òԼӵĴֹ˵ġ
֣Ҿɢȥˣʲô¶ûɣˣķɻҪ˯ˣ
Ҷ˸Ƿһ̸ģҶƽΣֻ㬵˳ȥںȻҶƽҲΪͶִǡ
֣Щ£ܿƵ˵ġ
ϰֵıӰҶ̾һ䣬Ҷƽһ£˰֣ҶķŸˣһ̣ҶƽĸоԼˡ
Ȼڵİҹ糿һصʱҶ컹ڼҵĻ԰վ׮ȭ֮䣬еǹ⿪
ɱܵȴǸ޷մҶϣҪ֪ˮʦ֮ԸɽĹ·֮УΪ޵ԽЩϢ⣬ʹմ
ڵ֮Ҷ֮⣬˶ƾɷմģǷд˹Ч
չ֮Ѿߵˣ˵緹֮ںȻҶ˻
֣裬ظֲԶʱܻǵģҪһȥסʱɣ
ں¥ĸ׺ȦҲЩˣȻֻǶ飬ҲǼ޳ȥŮԺڼңͱԼˡ
ȻŮĻĸĿ⿴ɷ
ããȹʮ壬ȥ˵ҶСӸ˸ĺԺǾסǣ
ӰĿ⣬ںȻͷŰ˵ļӣٽѵҶ켸ʱ򣬰ֻȻ
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ںȻɫãҶƽʵڣôˣ鷳ҪȻȥɣֲǵһɻˣ
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ںȻ˵ͷ˵Ǻûϵʬ췢ǰ˲پƣӦǾƺʻģô;¶͸аأ
ˣûϵ£ôĸ𰡣Ϸɻˣȹ˰
ںȻһɻͬҶƽľҰٷ֮ٵı֤¶ǶӸɳģȻҲҶɵĳ
Ҷƽֻ뿪ϺϾɱ˶ͨ˵ңԶͿһЩǷԼϡ
ֱɻɺҶƽų˿ҶȴĥŻȥʰСӡ
ҶȻǲϰκλᣬ˷ɻ֮ҶͺȥɹƷˡ
ϳԷĺԺģҶ컹ûüԼ׼ϱȥ·ǱߣڷҶƽҲÿڣֻܰ¶
ά⼸û°ɣǰߵʱбҪˣӵάȥˡ
άС磬ǱʵӰ˵ļ۳ɽˣҲûʲô£ҹС졣
С÷˭ҰҶ쿴ά
ǡλĺԺˣ˸绰͵ַ˵ȥ
άǼԶģǰһԶɰòᣬҪ֪˵ݵλʵ̫Զˡ
Ҷӹӿһۣĵ˵ûȥҪæ˵ɣ


242 
СС죬ǡǿүӰ
ҶĻάʱɵˣôû뵽ҶȻ˵ĻҶԶ·˼һ㡣
ά˵үǣҶƽ˶ԻҶƽʵ
Զ۵Ǹ󸻺Сǰġ
άæ͵˵ΪκһС񣬱ּĳ·ӦǺάİɣ
С÷ֲǷģҵġ
Ҷ˰֣άĻվ˵֣ãԱˣҺȻǱԺ˰
С죬㡭
άˣġ
άȰֶӼ䣬ȴǱҶƽסˣԼӣҶƽû͸׷ܳ˼˼֡
Ҷ죬Щǲǵİ
Ҷ쿪ŵʱ˫ĴֱţǲϰߵؿվԶˣָָġ
ҶЦŴ˲ţͷ˵ǹլ²°
լҰ
ŵӻǲСʱܱҶץŵõܣҶϵĻЦŶʱ˹˶ٽ˵ͻŻңһ𣬾ǹլҲ£

Ϊ˱ԼҶǰլӣź԰ʻʱ̲ס
ǹ˰ɣ
СƷ⣬Լ¹Сȥ
˵Ӷʮ֮󣬺Ҳûʲô
ȥˣ˵ŮϾͻܳģǴģ
ŵļԶΧ۵Щ˶ʱ׷Щ˿ӣһ׼ܳġ
ʧǣҶϵĲ֮󣬴լԺû˳Щĵվں˰СʱҲûƼ֡
Ҷ죬⡭̫ˣ
ǻѩδǻ԰ӾϵĳŴվ˺һᣬŷӦ˹
ҶԺȻܴ󣬵Ժûһ˿ɷĴڣ˵ĸо䰲ȫʣһʱͯĴҶ˵Ҷ죬׽Բغòð
꼸׽ԲأҶЦһǣŵС֣ߵԺĻ԰˵ţҪ˵
һĴţһĲɵʵʲô°Ҷ죬ﻹ㰡
ҶְŵԴһ˵ǹ£
£Ҷ죬ôˣҶģҲûɵĻЩš
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ʦǵ𣿵ܽ飿źȻҶ죬㲻ҲҪҰɣǡô찡
ĸİʲôԴϣ
ҶûԴһǣ˵ţ֪ģһĵʮһˣеģһ㶼ȱһʦһδȢΪԭ򣡡
Ҷ⻰ʵֻ˵һ룬Ԫʦһ֮󣬾˺ԸҪһʱ;Ʋȱʦ
ϵһûȢӣһԼȱʧۼˣһ棬ȴϵΪʦ
ҶҶ죬ǡ᲻ҲʲôȱİűҶһŻˣСֽץҶ죬ƺһͻʧһ㡣
ɵѾͷҪ㶩𣿡
ҶЦЦ˵ҪΪıʹ㲻ܵҵԵʶǴԺһˣ
֮ûдӦȥԶҪԭˡ
ҶҪһʱڳһ󷨣ʱϵϢ֮ıʹתҲղסŵ
ҶĻæ˵ǡǿ㰡Ҷ죬Ҫôģ
һˣú˯һϢ£׼˾Ϊ
ҶЦŵԴԼƿѹʦ˵ǿˣҶͷҲһȣϾϴѧǻᣬҲС¼ġ
Ժ˵һỰҶͺȥ˯ˣԼȴߵæµ
һʱûɣֻе㳱ˣҶһƴСʯһ̵ɿʯϿ̻š
Ҷƽ϶Ų˵׷ɱӵģΪǿ񣬿ʮ½Ϻú񰡡
ǸˮĥʯæµһҹԶļʱҶǵĲϵشš
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ŵ֮Ҷó޺ԼͨʣµöФԺаһϢ󷨡
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Ҷõʵǹʱһ֣ʯȡҶõʦУʧˡ
Ϣһ֮Ҷվ˫ָкȵ˳УԭʼǻԪɢפϼޱ˼£֪
Ҷھûһ˿ĺԺڣԪȻԭĺԺһλ֣ƺһɴ˺ƿӿֱ롣
ͬʱҶĺԺϿգһƬƾۼԭǺ죬ûôۡ
٣᳤
ҶһϺȣĺһͻȻֱ£Ҷǰһ״ĵϡ
ǰͶߵľ죬ŵŻʧɫлǵҶҧס촽һûз
Ԫͨ棬ɢ
Ǹ֮»ΪɻңҶ¶ϲɫںһ󣬶ɤ۵ǿѪһƨ˵ϡ


243 ȼٴ
ҶһϵƾȻ漣ɢȥ·ղŵĴ綼ûһ㣬һεĻֽ֣ĺԺ
ģҿĲҰҪȻС꣡ڵϵҶɫɷףµգһˬһ
Ҫ֪ղǵȻҶΪģȴҶģȻĹѾĽ׶Σ޷ֵס֮
̧ͷվ֮УСסͣҶЦЦֵţûˣԳˣ
Ҷ죬㡭û°ɣҶĻŴܳһѾͱסҶ죬̲ס
Ȼ֪Ҷ춮һЩҲ벻Ҷ쾹ȻףǼֱͺ񻰴˵еֶβˣʵŻˡ
ҶЦҡҡͷŵ㷢˵û£ܵ㷴ɣϢһͺˡ
ȸԪʱҹĲ߲ݣθıŵʵڲʲôҶڿԪڼΪܿܽˡ
Ҷ죬ǡͷٰ˰ɣŵĵʵ֪Ҷϴΰ׷ԭġ
ȻˣţǱߣҪ΢Ϣһ£ȻƲǺأҶ֮䣬ܸоЩʹ
ҡҷȥɣȻԺӵ¶ȱҪ߳٣ܹڻǶ죬ʯϻǻġ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ãţҰ󷨴ǸСʯջص
÷󣬶ԷĵģǼʯЩǿҶʱ˻ʹ֮ʧ
صкҶϥճϣһӵؿڻ֮߶ȥ
ͬʱĺԺŨҲһ뵽Ҷڣ޸Ҷ˵ľ
СʱҶ컺۾ڲԶһĵźҶЦţûˣ
Ҷ죬ˣ֪ôΣգҾͲˡҶϻָ˺ߵҶߣĻ
ǺǣΪ°뱲ӣΣҲҪҶǺһЦֱŵ壬˵վˣҸӦһЧΡ
˵ҶͷųԼӴŵ֮ȴǷ֣ԭǹϤϢѾȫʧˡ
֮ϢȴǸҶһ翲ĸоһ޳ȫ޹ɿԡ
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ԴͬʱҶǿնʯ֮ϵ飬׸ıתĹ켣Ǵǿŵʯ˷ɻҡ
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Ҷ죬ǡǾ˵ۡܽˣҶĻֳһ˿Ρ
Ȼ˰ôôż޸ˣҶЦһѽ§ڻУ֣Žѡ
ҶҲҶ϶ɹһ֮󣬻ûͻһߡ
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˵СӣǶ黹û鰡ֳʲôʱںҵ϶ÿ
ϵլӳ緹ʱҶ챻׸ס˶䣬С߯ˣܵԺһס죬Ȼ涼¶
Ҷƽ˿϶ˣΪҶƽ˵ʲôס˶ӣͿɾĽѵ
ҶЦõشϰֵ֣˵֣ҲʲôѽǸŸĶˣ˵ˣ˼죬
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ȻҶƽûʲôԶĵطҲҪȥͽƾԷ߰ʮĸ䣬ţҶٲȥĻǾҶҲˡ
Ҷ֪ϰֵ˼ҡҡͷ˵֣ҺͶǰ֮ԼŹȥµʱ䣬Լżֲϵġ
Ҷû˼һԶʡͷΪԼ˵ԺûµľԸҶû˼ź
ô˵˼ȻˣŲҲòҶƽԶӵ˵ЩΪȻСֱʲôء
֣ûµģ³أܲģ
ҶһЦԼһ˼˵˳ͷǸĶ֪ԼжǮˣҶһԲˡ
ϰֻ˵Ҷæ˸һһ˵ˣ֣ҽأȥ
СӣһС
Ҷƽһ䣬ҶСʱģ̲סЦǻҶ۲۵ǸСء
Ҷ£ΪͳϲȫԼˣҪȥϲȫھһȼٴݻԶ飬ȻҪһˡ
صԼլӺҶѡһФҲȥˣ˿񲼰֮󣬾װĿڴ
װ֮Ҷ컹洩ϰˣĲ˵ǿڴడڳųп֮⣬еĶֻˡ
ŴҶֱϲȫĵַȥ˶ȼٴ֮Ҷҵ˸Ա˳ϲȫ֣ûһᣬϲȫӭ˳
壬⾰ɫҿضȼٴ嶼˶ˣ
ϲȫھȼٴ廹ǺǰģȻлѩĿҪ֪˶ڹڻû˿ɲࡣ


244 ˮϣ
ȼٴ屳ȪɽȻɽ岻ߣΪѩĳ
һ滹һغˮοͿ棬ȪˮĴɽ룬вοͶɽȥȪˮá
ʱѾˣߵҲҶɽɫ˿һĿĸоȷǸ̤ĺõط
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Ҫ˵ڱǣҶǷľˣ֮Щϸȴûгϲȫʵڡ
λҺˣҶǷĵأΪܸоõԷûκҪȡرͷһʹȻ
׻˵޳ˣΪһ֪࣬ϲȫܰôҲûԭġ
ϲȫǰӣˬʵҶļ˵ˣҲ࣬Ҷ죬ôûŮѰ
Ǻǣ壬ѧȥѧУˣ´Ҵ档
ҶЦЦѶǿʯ˳˵壬һС˵̺ŷ֪ЩȤŰɣ
Ҷ첻˵Ǽʹ˵˳ϲȫҲδؾף˸ȦӣóϲȫԺܾĥ
ǳͲ˰
Ҷ˵ʯ̺󣬳ϲȫʱȤӹ֮˺ӷȥһͨФʯֻ˵ʲѡ
ĥŵϲȫְʯ˶˵Ҷ죬úһ죬һͷ˵һ뻬ѩʲô˸㰲ţߵʱȪɽˮȥݲȣ
壬æȥùҵġ
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ҶЩ֣ʱ͹۲ˣĵơۡһڣˮѣܳɷ֮а֮
⡭
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ˣҪȥкģ˽ҶҲվӭ˹ȥû뵽˰ϴ»Ҫлл
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Сѣ㡭ôҲﰡ
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Ǻǣ壬Сʱ̵ʦҲе̵ݡ
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ʿüյ磬һ֮ʢʱǻ°빦ģ⻹һʱء
Ȼܴ󣬵ǷҲСϵɲԸȥ磬ͷȵȥǱ߶Ȼøϳ緹ء
ǣǣ˵öԣһȫλˣ֪ϼһ˼ͷæָϵ˿ȡ
ڳһĪӣ΢΢ף˵û⣬ˮϵһƪ䣬Ҳܳˣǲõģ
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ǷģҶЦöӶˣϼһﱾû٣˵ĹǺʦеһƴ뷢԰׵࣬ôɷǵġ


245 ˮУ
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ΪϲȫѺصѣҶȻҲ͸ȥ
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תһɽţһƬռĴĺδƮںϣ˾ߣ˹Ա֮⣬ûһο͵Ĵڡ
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ѫ˿ѾƵ˵һûץסǹպ󻹲ҪɾǰǻٶǮҲͰ
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һһëǮĶϵͱҶڶϼһ֮ǰǲڡɡ˻ģ
ͽܣ󣡡
Ȼ̸˼ǮϵȻҪʼˣһ֮ǸСʿһ̫ͼԵĵϡ
ͬʱԱһŴӶȼٴĳҲϵǰϻڷ˹ϹƷһ̨Լһˮ
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һ֮ϵһǰеˮнһ磬Ȼóһ˽ϣһϺȣ̫Ͼ
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Сʿ֮ͣ嶼ᲱϣѵʦСĵ㣬Ǻˣ
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˭֪䣬ԭվŵ壬ȴͻȻ͵һͨһ嶼䵽ˮ
Ѹޱȣȵ˿ϵΨһðˮϵ˫ֺҲ͹ȥһӣ˶ûӦô£
վԵСʿӦͦģһԶ֮󣬴Ȼҹ컯֮ף⡭
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ģʲôⰡ
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壬ǱߵĴȥˣ
˿Ҷȴǹ˲ϲ⵽ʲôˣһ߳ųϲȫһɤӣһ·ʹϵˮеĵطȥ


246 ˮ£
Ҷ죬㡭㲻Ҫȥ
ϲȫһûסҶѾˮУʱ죬𿪴ˣٶ̫С
¡ܣǲȥ
۳Żһ˱ˮ˺УֳЩԱһɫɷסȽŷûͷѾǸϰˣﻹº
ϰᶪˮĿЩԱȻ˵ġ
ȥþƣЩëģҡԼȥ
ϲȫΣ첽ߵСһŲ̤崬ȥ⿪ڰߵӺҶϵˮĵطȥ
Ҷ죬Ҷ죬ﰡ
Ȼڶˮ峺Ϻˮһһ붼ϲȫȵˮ֮վڴҲ޲ߣֻͽ͵ĴҶ֡
ҶˮڣҲֶӵʱˣϲȫһֲĸоʲô⡣

ڳϲȫļٵʱ򣬶ͻȻˮһͷɢͷ¶ˮ棬ͷ棬Ʈżˮݡ
ͻȻˮðôͷĿϵĳϲȫʱļƤըˣһƨص˴档
ʦʦߵСʿƵУ

СʿĻ󣬳ϲȫ˼ֵ˫ֳŴվڴʱһˮϵðһͷ
Ҷ죿
¶ˮףϲȫغû뵽ôĺˮУҶ쾹ȻܰȻ
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֮ԵһȥһǺ鲻֪ץסֻ֡Ǹʲô
ҶڵĹΪûʲôµ飬˵йˣˮһֻҶҲܽ
Сڽˮ糤ҶˮȻö˵ʱǱ߰ˮˣһµˮУʱһˮǱȥ
ƾˮĸӦˮʮ֮Ҷ˺ʱҶҲǰ龰һ
ΪҶǰģ˹ˡںˮϵ֮⣬һһ׶೤˺ɫë̬
ˮҶ޷ֻ沿ֻܿĺںצؿļϣڰȥ
ʱҶҲ˲ϱˣһһһˮƣֱĸֻצϣҶĻյʮֵĺãֻצӱϣȴû˵ֺ
һֻצӱҶնϣֻƺһֽУɿϵ֮һû뵽˺ïܵˮ֮С
ҶȴǲϰݣڰѾԹȥ͵ˮ֮󣬸ӦˮķǱص˺С
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ҶˮݴеʱЩˮݣ׷ײҶϣҶû⣬һץסֻĲ
ִδŹˮ׹Ҷ쵹Ҳûɱ΢΢һɰ뵽ڣʱչȥ
ֻӶ޺ۡһ֮󣬲ϵˮݷ׷Ҷ˫ںʹĵһ£ɿ򰶱ߵĺȥ
ʱѾصϵĳϲȫҶ¶ˮ棬æˣ죬
ղҶˮɹˣҲðϵĹԱˮĿ־˼֣ϲȫĻ󣬷׷Χ˰ߣ׼Ҷϰ
ѽˮˮץסˣ
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ӳʱҶʹ˵㾢̼¹壬һˤжʱһ̶ļУת˹
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ҶһӣʱðըӪŵЩԱƨеľȻֶϱˣֱˮķ˹ȥ
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ϵŴұ£ⶫˮڰȴ֫Ǹһϴ
ƺΪ֤ԼĻϵĵǰˮһţȻǹֻԲһ£ûκηľٶ
ھ֮࣬Ҳҵ˷й;һǳ˴ҩĳߴߵк˹ȥ


247 
Ҷ첢ûȥֹ˵ķ񣬱ˮ¼ôʱ䣬Ҫһй;ĵĿ־塣
ֻˮڱԼ֮󣬳ˮҲͱһϢˣʹûЩ˹Ҳ˶ˡ
ϵΪҶҲģǴһƭֱҴ߳ŭԼҵӵľٶ
˭ҲûһҧˮģҲ˵ʲôģϵĽ·Ҷ컹Ļϼһˡ
ʹˮֵʱ򣬳ϲȫһë˹ɷ˵ĹҶϣ˵Ҷ죬죬ϣȥ滻·ɣҪðýˡ
˻ϵĹϲȫȴһ䶼ŵģûҶ죬ˮ¼ţͲ⿪ġ
Ҷë˰Ц˵壬û£
ҶڵĹˣˮʱë׶ˮеĺġ
塣ɢɣǹͱˣ
ҶĻ󣬳ϲȫȺȵɢˣɢˣղûô¸ңڶӢɢˣ
ȵȺɢ֮󣬵ϵĹһغˣһѪӹĹ͵ģ˵ϡ
ɶⰡҲ֪ϻ˶˵ǽϵѣպ󻹲֪жҪɥа
ղϵͷһ֮󣬾Ͷ㵽Ⱥ棬Ҳǻˣֳ嵽ˮֵǰ
ⶫˮģѫҲ֪òĻˣΪʬôֻﰡ
ȻˣԭˮΣԩ֮˵Թʳ֮γʵ壬רԿʹˮӶȡҺʦ߽ʱ򣬾ˮΣʦնڽ£Ϊسһ
˶ԼĻסˣϵаϲĭɵĽźƵҽ쿪̳·Ͼ򲻻ģϵ˥ȴǶˣҿʵǲ
һǽԼĹ͸˳ȻΪڣˮеʵҶһǣ¸Բ޷졣
ȻǰŰɣ˵ѫеģ¹˵лˣȥȵ㽪·ò׼ˣһٸ塭Ҷֵ칦
ʿˣǳ֮ܿУⶼӦģ
СȻŬڳһģʪӣûʲôϿԣкһҶ죬׼ȥϴԡ¡
֮߳Ȼһ£ͷѫ˵ˣʿϱΪΪȥΣˣϽʬ𻯵Ǿһʧˣ
ϵѫʬȥ飬һʲôĻԲҪҴһݣɴԿѫһʬ޶֤
ôһ˵ѫʱһʹԭмֽʬزż˼ȴҲǲˣæ˵ããͰ˻ʬ壬ȥϴ°ɡ
Щ¾㲻ţҲܱ鷳ͱġ
óϲȫҶ˻תȼٴѫֳ͵ȶʼʬˡ
ϲȫһ˸ոս뵽ȼٴĴãһԱӭ˵ܣ˼λˣ˵ҪҸղźһ뿪λףλҶڰ
ҶȥʱǴһͦװڻʱȴǴë壬ͷ϶ʪģԱ߻иͬһ͵ϵǹԱϵóǹء
ԱĻ󣬳ϲȫͷЦҶ죬㣬Ůѹ˰ɣ
ɣտѧûʱġҶҲЩƣ˭ܵԼأ˵Ҷƽ֪Ҷȥġ
Ҷ죬㡭ôģ
ߴһ仰ȴҶ첻ȥ²ˣΪԶһȣվھԼԶĵطء
Զʮ꣬˿̿Ҷ죬ҲһĿɿڴӣҶʪĲ˵ͷϾȻƮż̵ˮݡ
үڶݵľ֮󣬿첽һĵʵҶ죬ѡѵȥӾˣ
Զ֪ڵصıжӾ˶˵ǿ壬ûпѧݾ˵ˡ
˭ȥӾ˰еĵ۴ˮ갡
ԶĻҶʱһͷ߯ûɫˣûԱ߻վŸ仹ˣһҲˮ
ֻҶ֪֮Զûϳһֱضء
ϴμǸվŲԶԶ߻иݵͷҶҲ̫²̨ʵˣôҵģҲ˵˹ȥ𣿡
Ҷ컰δ䣬վһߵĶͲ˵ô˵ģ
ϴڼҶ죬ɾͱһӻȻѾʮˣʱ˫ƢһĻ𱬡
¼ҶԶԲѷаʱֱϴܣǰ̵Ҷһʲôϰס
ȿȣûʲô¡
Զæֹ˰ЩεؿһҶ͵Ҷ죬ͷҲļ㸸ףȻִС㣬֪
ԶҲһԼβŮıûҶ󣬳˱ҶǮ֮⣬ƺûʲôõóֵˣҶǰֻгԱķݡ
ϡүӣһҲ̸ȥϴ軻·ʲôһ˵ɡ
ҶѿںƵĳƺԶһ֮ҶתԳϲȫ˵壬ҵһкһ£ͷϴͳ
ã˸׼ˣϴûϾУ
ϲȫӦһԶ˵λ˼ңȵһ°ɣҶȥϴ軻·
ڲ֪ԶҶ֮Ĺϵϲȫǿ·͵˿
ȻԶڹܴ󣬳ϲȫҲ֣ǳϲȫôὫǸĻ˸ͷϵһġ
ȼٴ£ϲȫҲ٣뵽֮Լͳȥæµˡ
壬ǸҶ˾ǸʲôΪζ˿ȵû֮һֱԶǸͷʵ۾¶
ӼҶĵһʱͷľ֮ѾԱˣʱлʳ
ɼȻĻ϶ϳԶߵͷӣֲֹλ塱ˡ


248 
նţֽжŷɣԭǺõˣеλĸߡ
ںŵĺܶҵͺμǧ˿ƵĹϵԶŷڰʮʱΪŵĴ˵Ǳڣһֱӣߡ
ŷʶҶģһ˵Ҷһʱ䣬ֻǺޱ˷ȡ˶ҶĹע
ͬΪˣŷҲڼʮǰʶԶ˴ԶȻҪŰݷˣԶҪţǰĶŷɣȻҪˡ
ֻǶŷôû뵽ԶҴҳҪˣȻҶСӣ̬ȼ乧ʶүô꣬ǵһμһ˿ġ
˵ʵŷɶԶ̬е㲻ΪȻأҶǲμϵ֮⣬һǴ
ȻҶ컹һЩôڵᣬ˵Ѿ޵ˣ书ٸҲסһССӵɣ
壬ô˵СûҪ˿ɣ
ŷɵԶҪСʮ꣬еĵλҲҪƺԶһ塱ġ
ŷȻ֪Ҷμҵļ£öԣȴǹ֪Զѯ
Զδ˵Աһֱ߷߲ƽİү̧ʲôֱʦүûţʲôģ
סڣûûСģ⻰˵ģ
ĻԶžһϣ֮ʹϵĿȱĵǣɼүķˡ
Զˣ뱲ǼΪصģ˵Ҷڶʮ꣬ǸСޣֻҪֹߣԼǰҪ
Զϴλȥ֮רŵеļ׵伮鵽йԪϣҶ˵˿
ҶûʽŲ٣ҲȫʵԶҶСǾʦ档
վԶһԱƺִæ˹ʵλʲô£
û£Ӳһ¾ˡˣԶѹл
֪ԶǷ𣬵ȵԱԶ֮󣬰æվ˵үԲʧˣ
´˵ĻͲҪˣ
ԶһеˣʦصĴͳԽԽˣȻѾڰ֮⣬Ǻܿߵġ
󣿴ֱҶҶǴֱģ壬ûɣ
ԶͰһԻȴһԵĶŷɵۣΪˣŷȻ֪ﱲֵģͬһҵԵʣıҲǱϵġ
ڽǰϺ̲ʱֱ˾ʣ޼ˣֱġֱһʣҶⱲǴأ
ǰŷרŴҶ飬ʶ֪٣ҲûйҶ˵˵οǱָߵ˵ġֱ
Сɣ˵ҲˣԭӦģҶʱ棬ҲʣҶͬĻȻ˵ġ
Ŷŷ¶Ի󲻽飬Զ̾˿˵ܹ֪ˣҶıֱǴĶ࣬СɣǰʹҲҪЩò
ŷɶԶǺصģԶĻæվ˵ǣ壬֪ˡ
ȻӦԶǶŷﻹмֲΪȻأΪ֪Ҷһ߽ϵΪʦ
ڶŷɿ˵ҶʹʲôֶΣǰλѸߡЩͿ˵үء
ֻǶŷҲ룬Զһ˵ݰң쵽ڳΪ绪Ȧ֪ĸʹˣܱһСƭˣ
壬ʶһλӱҽ˵ˮƽҪҪѩѩ
үѵⰢ£һʱЩŷæ˸⣬йҶ顣
СɣˣСѩĲһҽҽεġ
Զ̾˿ΪҶŷһС˵˵ĻҶ챲ٸߣҲ˵Ҷġ
ڰ֮ǰ飬Զһڿһ۽ʬƬ֮󣬷СϾȻź͵һģһķѧλʬץ͵͵Ľ߸ˡ
ȵ˷֮žѻΪҽѩѩҲһһ֮£ԶֻǰҶˡ
ЩԶͶŷɶ˵һ֮˺ܻٿ飬Ƕʱպ£ûȥμӡ
λԷûаɻأҪһԵ㣿
˴ŰСʱ֮Ҷ˽󻹸ųϲȫѫԼˣԱ߾вҪ緹ġ
ҶĻԶЦվ壬˵ûԣ˾߶һˡ
û£û£һٱ㷹ѣʱҲˣ˼ңһԵɣ
ϲȫȻûϳԶݣҲܿó˾Ͷ֮䣬һֲŭƣȻҲǾþλˡ
ϲȫ˵ı㷹ȴǷʢĺܣÿһ࣬Ȼϵˣɽ亣ζİһӣȵľҲǶʮę́
ϵѾʮˣӹǲһӲʣղŵˮûʲôӰ죬Ҷ֮⣬û˱Եöˡ
ҵҲɿڣһę́ͱϵһ˸ɵƿϼһȵҲЩˣֱðʣµļƿصȥ
ٷ˳ԵĶǸ˼ԶֻһС׷ͲˣŷһֱڴҶ죬ϿЩͬĵط
ֻҶϵǰ޽ɣһӲ˵һ˵ĶӣԵȻһ㶼û˷ѡ
ζˣ̸õİǮҪҪһ㣿ھϯʱѫһƤϵǰ
ԭ̳ˮϵļ򣬵һƣƻֽ˸ļۣԼǰˡ
ʵѫҲɵҲЩԣԲˣҲ֦ԻǰǮóˡ
ϵոձϴƽ˵صۣɷ֮¶˳ҡҡͷ˵ããʿǮǾƹ۵Ǯĵģ
ϵҶһ£ͻȻַһӴе㲻ѣ鷳ȥϴּɡ
ϵϴּ֮ҶЦЦʵϼһʲô¶
ȿȡɤӣ˵ѣҲǾϵһһ룬ǰ飬Σ
˰ɣҲͦ׵ģұһˮҲҪˣҶԹЦ֪ϵǽԸߵˡ


249 
صϯҲɢˡ
ʦͽ󣬳ϲȫҶȥƷ裬ԶҸĵطҶ̸ģҶӦҲֻܸǰˡ
Ҷ죬ллˣҪȻˮֲ֪Ầأ
֮󣬳ϲȫҶл⣬ͬʱſ˵Ҷ죬Ǯֻ࣬򣬵ǳһ⣬һҪ£
ԭѫҪҶǮģϲȫסˣ֪ԼСֵǸͦˣǮδػҪڳԷʱȥĿ
壬Ǹﰡ
Ҷһ㶣̶ɫ˵ڴѩɽѴʱѵҲҪǮ
Ҷ콫ôһȻͷȻһѹֵĸоǲʦ֣֪ΪζЩ
ϲȫǵһμҶһ棬æ͵Ҷ죬֪岻˼
˼ͺã壬ѿջȥ֮䲻Ǯ
ҶЦЦݣԭͷѹָУҲͻȻʧˣ񰢶˼ȽϴֵˣûнղŵѹҶ
췢飬ϲȫҲоҶϵĲͬĲ˵ƾҶڶ·̹ǵĺˮнˮܻ׽Ͳһõġ
ҳϲȫҲע⵽ˣˮֵϵˣȴûҶϼκּ˵Ҷͨˡ
˽ѣ˳ȻĺãҶĻ󣬳ϲȫҲûϻѿ˵ãҶ죬ˣ
ϲȫ˼֮Ҷ쿴Զʵϡϣλǣ
ŷɶҶ֪֮ҶȴûŷɱӾͲߣʱӣֲʱһֱվ˺ģҶ첢ʶ
ҶĸӦѷͷӳԷڣڴҴĻЩ޼ɵҶЩԲ
Ҷ죬ǱǱߵˣǺǣҲģ
ڳԶý˵ֱ̫ףֻģģĵ˶ŷɵݣ˵ʱ򻹹⿴˳ϲȫһۡ
Ҷ죬ţҳȥк£⼸¶ɲ٣
ϲȫҲ˶ˣһԶ⻰ʱ˹ȻͷΪҶҲͦģվԸˡ
ã壬ǽط˵仰Ҷ˵ͷЩóϲȫȷʵҲãΪԼʲôˣ
ͳϲȫȥҶЩ˵˵ˣ˵ƣʲô°㾹Ȼ׷
Ҷϲȫ϶ԼŵݣҲûΣֱӺƵĳƺ˵Լı֣үҲܲ𰡡
ԶҶĳƺûоʲôҪ˵ʱ򣬶ŷȴ͵վһƵ˵Ҷ죬䲻س߶֪𣿡
ԭŷʹҶֶƭԶ˼¼ҶԲѷʱ̲סˡ
ҶŷɺμԨԴҲʶ廧ҶޱĶӣҲԼˣĽѵҲ֮е顣
ŷɵĻҶɫһ䣬ҲûŷɣǿԶһһʵƣڹĺˣû𣿡
СӣҴҴ˽̽㣬ʲôأ
ŷںݱͲͣκСӣȻϵѾȥˣ˶мӡ
ʹӣЩ꣬ŷͷҲǱһһүؽţܹҶļԣһչճצ״ָ죬Ҷļץȥ
ͨ鿴¼¶Ҷĵ飬ŷ֪Ҷй򣬵ӥצֽʮĹǴδʧֹ
˵Ҷļ򣬾һôŷҲܽץƤѣһצȥаҶȫ̱ġ
ɽӥצ
ŷֿץԼļҶҲûܣȵŷӥצץԼʱͻȻڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣùһצ
ͬʱҶֺȻ̧ĴָסָͻȻŷûüջȥȥ
Ҷ첢֪ŷ˽ԼΪֳ˵ӣһ赭дʵҪǱҶ쵯еĻŷɵʮ깦ҲҪϵˡ
˵ʵŷڽʮ꣬ԵеľҪԶҶḻ
ۼбҶ˹ȥҶ쵯ָδӴϵƤѾʹˣŷɶʱһᣬָצץȥȴҶ쵯Ǹָ
Ҷ¶һ˿ЦóԷĹѾ˰ԼߵһˣΣھԵǰѾǴҪˡ
һ̾Ƿڵʯ֮ģԶȰĻᶼûУҶһָͺͶŷɵӥצһ

ԶҲΪҶָָܺϾЩʹر۾ҶָˣοǽҶĺˡ
⡭⣿
Զ۾֮ȴסˣΪҶ컹Ǻö˶˵ŷɵȴ뿪˲˵֮⡣
ӥצӷĹٰ
Ҷ쳤ɫɭȻ˵Сӣô꣬ô֪ɱ˶ˣҷĹ򣡡
Ҷջˣܸоõŷɸղһץõͨ˵ĻԼָԻᱻӲ۶ϣֱᱻץһƤġ
Ҷԩ޳𣬳־ôݣɼƽʱΪˣȭˣֻҶǰѹס˶ѣ˿̣ǹŭȴǳ
ֻҶȴ֪ԭŷֻʹֵһָǿӵһ㣬ŵöŷҲʶʹȫ
ʹˣŷҲ˸ӷ˳ȥȴҶġ
˷˾ף˭˭Ҫ֮ǷǵģҶſھҪ˶ŷɵĹҲҲסˣԺȵСӣҪҵĹǾҪûˣ
ȻоҶһָŷҲ£⼸ʮ֪ٴΣգҲѾ뵽˰ֵµֹҶ죿
ͨ˾͸´֣ҷȥҺȥ˵ҶҲϻ˫ԭһţͬͻɽһ㣬˵˶ŷɵͷϡ
ҶûѧʵսȭΨһѧȭϵ̸վ׮ʹõϷˡ
ǴҶͻƿľ֮͸оϷҲõʵսġ
Ҷһˣ̧ͷ죬̶ͷأʳһ㣬ŷѶŷǰҶ·ǸˣΨӭһ;
վĶŷɿҶ˳ļƣɫʱˣ͸оһͷɽͻסԼһ㣬¶Էˡ
һ̣ŷоȻҰ԰֮ĸо֮Ķ޷ˡ


250 ɱ
ŷȻ֪Ҷй򣬵ζû뵽ҶĹȻߵ˳̶ȣѾ˰ˣĸо
ʱŷɲףԼῴҶ죬Ҫ֪֣ʹʮӵУҲȵŽǰȴҶһжӲ
ȻڵѾʽ΢ˣǲͬѾԶΣղоӶܣҶ˹򣬸ͲҪμҵκȨƣҲԻķˮˡ
ʱŷѾҶˣҪǱҶһ˻еĻٲýǶۣһȥ˰
ǿ񣬶ŷɿзһϺȣ΢΢һ࣬ҪܿҶķ˫ֱҶ͸ץȥ
ŷΧκԣҶָסԼʽܻӹһ١
ŷȻúãߵĹȫһϵģŷӥצոץ͸оһ飬̶һʹֱֻ̧વشǰ
ڶŷǰ֮Ҷ¶һ˿Ц־ŷ紦ȥкȵôɱôأҲҪĹ㰲ɣ
Ҷղųж˶ŷɵĹؽڣһ˵ʲôָܻ֮糣ģҶ仰ȴŵöŷɻɢ
ŷӥצȻŹ򣬵Ǻ֮˲żüãڼȭ˥ʩչˡ
ڼȭΪؾĵطڼȭ˾ǶԵＫΪӣ硰֮
ҶһȭĿȴǶŷɵµΪؾڣƣŷһͽȫɢȥǶ˵һ顣
Ҷ죬ס֣ᣬᣬɱ鷳ģ
ղ˽֣ڵʯ֮䣬ȵһԵԶӦ֮ҶѾ۶˶ŷɵۣдҶĻԶγѡ
᣿
ԶĻҶȭһͣȻȭλצӶŷɸбӶϣһѿס˶ŷɵĲӣ˫棬Цƣͳɱ֣Ҳ᣿
ԭҶ컹ûɱˣԶһȴǶɱŷǸˣɱӵ鷳
˶ѪʢģȫƾһģҶǰʱǿѹס˶μҵɱģ˿ȴŷɸ¼ˡ
Զõһͷ󺹣æ˵ŷɾûǸ˼Ҷ죬ҪңŷɣСĿǸ
Զ֪ҶȻֳߣϾûţŷΪϴĶӣں֮нʹ㷺Ҷķ˶ŷɵĻպ鷳϶Сġ
ŷڵǸֻǱҶ쿨ס˺ʱһҶΪŷ֪ҶĹĺᣬɱֻѶ١
ŷɺٵģԶһ˵Ҷ죬͵ͷˣ༸ӣȰ˷˵ɣ
ɱ
ڴʱͻȻƿˣλ׼ŮʦӣҶŶŷɲӵľٶʱзһͻȻƿ˳ȥ
ˣãŮʦļҶҲ侲Լɱ˲ҪԶְαظץסѱ
뵽Ҷɿ֣ȴڶŷɱһǣתͷԶ˵Ҹˣ˵˵Ϊһֱұе⣿
ӳŷɵʱҶ͸о˵Ŀƣʱû⣬ڣָоǿˣŷɵıˣҲҶ϶Լĸо
ȡȿȣ
Ҷ֮󣬶ŷź˼ʮˣǵһξô
ŷ֪ҶղǶɱˣүӵһԼѾһʬˡ
˳˿֮󣬶ŷɿ˵Ҷ죬ҡûɱ⣬աղֻѵһ£
ʲôʲôʸѵңҶ۾һɣӶŷɵĻУһ˿˼
ŷһ£˵ӣĻҶ첢һˣֱ˵ҡңʶĸף
ʵŷҲΪμҽãŽҶ쵱ģүӶܾصˣҲ򲻸Ұڳ֮ǰǸ̬ȡ
ʶĸף
Ҷ۾зû뵽ŷɾȻشô𰸣ЦһҶ˵Ҷʶ裬ʶôûңƾʲôҪҸӣ
⡭⡭
ҶĻöŷĿ࣬Է˵ûҶǸĸ׳ģĸ׵涼ûһΣƾʲôΪԼʶĸףܵҶĳ
ֱʱŷɲֻԼĸܣȴҶ᲻ˣղŵΪȷ̫³çˡ
μҵˣ
ҶͻȻʵʵĸײǺޣǶμҾͲһˣпܵĻҶ첢øĶμأǻˡ
֪μˣ
ŷЩ⣬ǰʱҶ񲢲֪תŷҲȻˣʱ䶼ȥˣҶ֪Ҳ֡
ҵ㻹ûش𣡡
Ҷؿ˶ŷһۣʱ﷢æ˵ҡҲμҵˣǱŵˣӣߵģҲС̣
ʱŷﻹһ˿ŴеģԷͲĸ׵Ļ£˵ʱСģŭˡ
ǰ˸ҵģҶ֪ԼӣֲǴγ֣Ǳ˸ˡ
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˲֮ҶɳλϣԶͶŷֻߣڰʵʵվԶ
ʱİǺ²ѣ֪ŷɵĹģԼȶŷС˽ʮ꣬ڶŷϾ߲С
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ᰢվﰵԼûȥҶ鷳ղŲ㱻ҶһˣҪԸˡ
𵶵ºҶﻹЩˬָŶŷɶԶ˵ƣˣԺҪٴң
Ҷ죬Բ³çˣ
ҶĻ󣬶ŷһһģʮˣһʮС˽ѵȴһƢС
Ҷûзŷж˫۶ҽȥવشߣʱʱĳ鴤һ£Ȼ紦ʹ
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ԶŷɶԶĻûʲôͷĽ̻壬һڸϴģ
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ԼʶӣãҶ쳤飬ŷ붼ˣҶҲӦġ
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ҶĻ󣬶ŷʱɫ䣬˹쿴һ֮󣬶ʱɫ԰ףҶȥ˵үŷķˣ
ŷɲܲҲҲҶͣ־ôԼκεˣŷɿԼ˯ˡ
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ͷӱҲ鷳ģǡǣǷһﱲˣѩѩԽԽҲܲ
ҶĻԶ¶һ˿ЦʱյĵλҪʲôǮ㣬ƫƫŮĽٶǮġ
˸ˣ浱éɽʿ׽ˣҶһ㶣̶Цõ˵˵պõ¶ֵá
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ȻϵƿѾͻˣԶԸҶûҪѽû¸ҩųҲǺõİ˲ҩġ
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⣬ѩѩĺԺסһ£Ұ塣
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һֱԶߵģµ֪ĺϸѩѩڶʧı仯ҲĿġ
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ҶԷ˸ۣû˵Ҹ㣬һȥסŶýŮס컯㻹ĵģãû˵סƵɣ
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ǡǻѩѩסȥɡ
Ҷ˵ԶҲûˣԼŮڶݵĲˣҶ첻Դ󷢰ɣ
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Ҷ컰ߣʱʮһĳһ򣬵ȻҶ컹Ǻܽģһ˸ѩѩβǮ
ԶҪǧҶһΪǻŮĲʹҶ콫ŻǧԶ׬ء
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Ҷ˵ķ۸ԶԼĶ⣬æһ飬汻۸סˣҶǰ˵İҩ֣û
ԶһƵı飬Ҷ첻ˬ˵һһƣϰҵ˰СǮԸɣ
ССǮԶһĿЦǮ٣Ҳһһ׬ģһˣƽʱǺܽڼġ
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Ҷ˵ѩѩĲκãȡǧү㶶һͻӦڽסҾҪȥüǧԶﲻһıŤ
ǮǾǰС̫ĺˣֱͰԼɴͷˣˣүһԹ
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Ҷ첻׬ԶǮؼѩѩһƱûûֵģסȥ鲻ܲģѩѩͬľҪġ
ҡ˵Ҷ죬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
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ҹԲסû㣡Ҷν̯̯֣ԼѾܺˣֱͷҪһڣ
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ҶҲսѩѩͷеĵߣ÷ֵҽҩѣͷƺЩ⣿ĪԼ߹ѩѩеλ
ҡңðɣͰ˵İ죬ҪǽȥסҲǮģԶ˵Ů۵ģ˻ȥ
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ҶԶĻҶʱϲЦտղŽѵŷʱɱѾȫȻʧˣǱһ͵ǳԵĺһ㡣
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ӵԱϢĳϲȫѫպÿҶѵŷɵһĻ˶һۣ𾪵ɫԱ
ͷҲʮˣҿȥҲƲƫƫҶѵһĲһڣ˾жٶǲ֪İ
Ҷ죬ôţҪ߰
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ЩǺǰλȣɾ͸һˣԶӰľų˵ȥǱӵ顣
ʶࣿӰͲˡ
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Զֱӿڸܾˣѫ¶ΣҶЦϡϣǺϸӰ׳˶ٷʲôеģ
ҶԸײͳϲȫθڣѫҲ˳ˣֱӳԼԶ
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Уһģллϣѫϲ˵ȫԹڰ칫
ȵԶѫгϲȫԺӰһ뿪˶ȼٴ壬ԶͰжŷɻؾƵˣҶǱѫ͵˻ѧ
ԼųԷ˻ϺأھϴǼ֮˵ĸͻͽ˵ѾѧУԱ˷ͬˡ
ᵽͬʣҶҲһƬȣΪŸҲ֪ɹҶҲôͺͻȻõߡ
ѧУߵСϰż̳˺ơƣҶϺȵĲֺŷɿΣ϶޷ҶǸɷϵһġ
ŦԼһ߼ԢһòӢڽŵ绰ŵ绰ؽߣüͷ
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µ绰һֻʮָߵصˤ˵ϣƬɽһأȫȥ껨Ӣ
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ȫɷŭΪȥרҵϺ֮󣬽ӴȴǷ⣬Ҳļƻȫò˳
ڷŭ֮࣬Ҳһ˿ңղӵǸ绰֤ܵȫǹƵµ⣬仰˵Ҷеļƻûй©ȥ
Ҫ֪ӵеһУǽСϵģһ˿Ϣ͸¶ȥôᱻһɨȥ
ãҵģ˭ߣ侲һ֮¶һ˿Цݡ


254 
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ĺԺҶһסţֻϵ̫࣬ʺҶƽ˼ζţһ͸լװ塣
˹ϴϴ֣ҶȥԺԼķУϵĴƿﵹ۰Сҩ裬һ֮ȴַŻȥһ
ҩϵƵģȻ˵żõЧֻҩıȽҶһֱûƳ
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ԶĻҶƽҡҡͷ˵ܰᵽԺ󣬾ͲȥˣӦڼﰡ
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ҶûլӵԿ𣿡
Ҫ˵⼸˭ļɾǶŷˣȥ֮ת¹˭֪ʱһѪ˳
˶ŷɶҶĻ޻ˣӾͰԶҶСʱҪˡ
Կ׵УСʱϲ˴ŵġ
Ĳҿȥӵķӣ⻰˵ҶƽҲЩҲסֻдԿ׿ŽȥȴҶѪԴ֮ҶƽӼҲҪȰˡ
ˣҿŴҽȥȰɣҶþòţҶƽҲЩˣóԿ׾׼򿪲š
𰡣ٵȵȰɣŷһסҶƽС߬ҶأǲҶ˿Ĳ졣
ţ֣ôҲˣ
˵䣬ȽŵĴţڡ֨ѽһˣҶγſڡ
ҶļϣſһֻƤëѩ׵Ķֻ۾ڱʯһ䣬תŴſڵˡ
ҶƽղԾӣû˵Сô°˰嶼ţˣˣȥ˵ɣ
Ҷƽ˵Żƿ˶ӣֱ߽ԺӣҶȴǵſڣûҪ˽ȥ˼
˼֮ҶƽعͷЩʵҶ죬ô°
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ҶϰЦЦӶͳûֽŵҩ裬ŷ˹ȥ˵ÿҩÿȡ֮һˮ̷һΣ죬Ȼ߼غ컨һڣ˾Ͳˣ
ʵҶŷҩĻ칦ȬҩʦģʣˣüҲˣŷɾҪƽ׶һڵˡ
Ȼŷɿɲ֪Щӹҩ֮󣬹˵ллСүĶŷģ
ţһسӣҶ۾һɣ⻰ôôŤԸ˵Ķ԰
ߴߴߴߴƺоҶ⣬ëͷˢһվҶļͷжŶŷɷвĽ
ˣʵ㣬첻Ϸ߰
ҶûëͷһǣԴû֮СһҲĿ꣬ƢּˣȻҶ̫̫ˡ
ߴߴ
Ҷһǣëͷίǰצס۾ǿɰģ˸ȷˡ
Ҷ磬ܡܸұ𣿡ѩѩ۾ѾСˣ޲ðǿɰСﱧԼĻ
ѩѩɱ
Ҷ컹û˵ҶƽͱһۼСһ﹥ʱӣǶֱǿһ㣬ȥһھֻܽĲӸҧ
ţѩѩģ㻹ǱˣҶҲ˵ͷ˼֮⣬ëͷӴˣҲǱѩĹԡ
Ҫ֪СѩҪӵޣҶɲô˳ġ
ëͷôһҶղŷɵƵҲйȥһֱŲѵĶŷ˿˵СүٽһӣҲҼǺ
ţҶ˵仰ҶԶŷ֣ߵ߶˼䣬ŷͷؿڡ
ŷɺҶ˰֣˵УȥɣһڶҪͱ˶ˡ
ǣСү¶һ׼ãŷ֪Ҷ첻ԺӣºԶ˸кԼȥˡ
ȵŷߺҶ쿴ԶھӶˣתԶ˵߰ɣȥ˵үӣǮҪ׼ð
ҶְڳһӣԶ˵ͷ˵İɣһҪأ벻ɣǮһֵģ
ϣѩѩȽȥ
Ҷƽ࿪ӣԶү˽ȥȻһס˶ӣʵҶ죬Сô£ͷôСү˵СǲǼʲô˰
Ķȥˣ
Ҷ챻ϰ˵ǿЦã͵ͷʦ۱ҪүүأСүǸˡ
ŶҶ죬ҲôˣԺ˵̫ˣˣղŸ˵ʲôأǵͷؿڵģ
ӵĻҶƽȻˣ֪ԪˣôʮҲġ
֣֪ˣղû˵ʲôЩлѣ߰ɣ֣ȥˡ
ҶЦŰϰƽԺӣˣʵղǶŷɣȥһ顣
ȻҶ첻ԷǵаԼôһˣʲôУ۵ˣҶɾͺĪˡ
ϲźҶͷͿԶүվǰԺѾǴסˣЦ˵ô㿪ǼǮڲо˰ɣ
ҶĻ֮Զ˵Զôû뵽⣬Ȼͻһء
װһµĺԺﲢʲô԰ĻԶҲûϣϾģһļʻʢ
ĿȴʵԶˣһڿ֮Զֻƺ˼֣һһ֮䣬ʱͷϸ첲Ⱥࡣ
Զָоѩѩ뵽֮ҲǾٵûůģĥʮ֮ƺʧˡ
үһ𾪵ӣҶЦˣԺȥɣѩѩķԼȥѡʲôľҪµˡ


255 鷳
үүѩѩ϶оˣҶĻѩѩ﷢һϲĻ
ޣѩѩСϾͻо͸ʹǴڻ¯߶ûãԴ߽Ժ֮ǹ֮ȴʧˡ
ҶԶļЦʵ˵Ǯֵֵ
Զͷ̶̽ʵֵֵ̫ˣҶ죬ҪҾסѩѩˣ
Զҵʱ˹ڶļڴƽҲǺǺȺȲ߶򣬲ûʲô
ڸܵҶĺԺµġ֮ԶҲ˳ס˼ܸоõסһ죬ʹҩԼϵЩëܵõܺõơ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵岻Уÿ죬̲ġ
Զûûֵĺһֻˣϻѣס鲻ܲġ
ѩѩȱԺָֻܣǿھĳ
ɣÿСʱϻȥסɺãԶЩĵʵ
Ŀô죬ɱ˵û㣿
ҶûصͷһۣСʱյһͲԶҪôɵĻòһ£Ҳʹ޽ˡ
ҶĻԶҲҶ˵ʲôˣ˵ðɣǾһ졭
׻˵ϳɾԶûȥҶ죬ĺԺΪλӵģΪ֪Լһ䣬ò𰸣Ҷ췴еġ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ţʲô͵泵ҵʱȥýﲻ˽ġ
ԣԣǲ˽
ԶҲϿҶĻסһ컨һĲЩŵĿƾʲô˲ǮҲܵõ
Ҷ죬ֻûźŰԶŵİó绰һסˣƵǵ绰ʲôطźŴڵġ
Ǳ߷ȥɡ
ҶүߵԺ˵ķסԺĳǲҪҰҹĵطԺҲҪȥ
Ҷ磬֪ˣѩѩƺҶʲôôûˣԻȴ˵ˡ
СѾͷ¾˵ɣ
ҶЦЦѩѩԴҲǴһӣĥľʮŮҶҲǸо⺢ͦġ
ѩѩָŲ֪ʲôʱܵһ㣬õëͷ˵Ҷ磬Ҫһסүүڣܼįģ㡭ܲ氡
ëͷǷ˲ǣ
͵ëͷҶʱһǰһѾסСһĲӣһԻһ㶼СӸԸɾˡ
ߴߴߴߴëͷҲִ֪ˣɴڳһ¿ˮ̵ģƾҶѵȥˡ
һԵѩѩͻȻ˵Ҷ磬ҡүү㡭ˣ
ѩѩҶоԼʲôƵģ㬵˵ٶ඼ԵģˣԺɣ
ɿëͷ֮Сһһ´ܵѩѩĻҶЩƣСһƽʱûôİ
ëͷһܵӣҶʱ˹ѩѩϢȴСһϲġ
Ҷָ᷿˵ѩѩүүȥ绰ɣ绰ȥ䡭
ԶǼˣҶĻȥﲦ˵绰ڱҲвٲҵܶ鶼Խȥġ
ȵү뿪Ҷ쿴ϰ֣Ц֣ҴӦİڸȥˡ
㡭ס⣬Ǯ˵ģնٰ
ӵĻ뵽ղҶԶĶԻҶƽﻹ᲻ףԼӣ˵汾ء
һҶһָͷ
һ򣿡
ҶƽɵʵϾľųõľƵꡢķ䣬һҲǼǧǮɣ
Ҷ첻˵֣ͲḻһɣһλˣôϰֱԼ簡ԸҲʮһġ
ǡʮ˵Ҷ죬Ҳ̫˰ɣҶƽӵĻһһҲ׬ʮģҶһյķ󰡣
ãҲŻˣһһ򣬻ͷλȥУתǧȥһϰ˵Ǿ̸ǹ
Ҷ֪ϰڵ׬ǮףɴҲˣֱӽԼԶ֮Э˵˳
ڽǮתҶƽϣȴҶΪ֮ģǸоԼָ©ƣ׬ǮǻĪĻ׼Ǯŵϰȥġ
㡭СӣҲ̫˰ɣ
ӵĻҶƽǡˡֱһСϰ壬ʲôʱӴôǮһһ죿Ǯıж죡
Һڣ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵֣ҪǿŮһһҶסǻǮ򲻵ģһھһڣҵԸһң
Ҷ⻰˵Ҳǰ٣򲻵ģһһڣʹǳˡ
󲻶תŹʹ˺ɷŨҲһõʹԶүﲻסĹҲͻúͨĺԺˡ
⵹Ҳǡ
ҶƽεûӵĻΪԵʣũµķʪؽʹһȴһζû
ӵʨӴ󿪿ڣҶƽеľĸо
һһ򣬰˵סһ£Ǿǧ򰡣òԼǰԬ˧̰үүҲû׬ôǮɣ
ùùǶɣԺҲһ£
һӵǧҶҪ˵˷ܣǾǼٵģˮʦΡһҲҪʳ˼̻˭Լӹ㣿
Уһͷȥˡ
Ҷƽ˵ͷҲˣԶң⼸ǧûӼȻб׬Լ͸գ
ү߸̸ãԶĵ绰Ҳˣ߹˵Ҷ죬ҶźˣһͶ⻹ٽ㣬ѩѩҪģ
ٽǿǳŵ𣿡
ҶЦһ᷿ʱĵ绰ͻȻҽӸ绰ǻͷ˵
Ҷ᷿ȥﻹЩƣԼĵ绰Ǽ֪ģ˭Ĵ绰
Ҷ죿绰ɴıĳ
Х죿Ҷ쵱¾˳ʶ棬˵࣬ܳƵϧ
鷳æ治ôд
Ҷ쵹ûХ˵ʵʲô鷳˵ôе㲻㣿


256 
ϴμХʱҶܿóйˣѪʮʢȻǸ䣬ҲǸˡ
˵ʹҲһʮĸоǴ˿ҶХȴһ仰ֳΣûܸϣԵʮֵ
ˣ鷳ХȻ䵭ӣһһֵ˵
ΪʲôҪ㰡ô֪ܰĵ㣿ҶҲЩˬˣ˰æҪӣ˵仰
˵ˣѩѩסĺԺ˵ܲ²˰ɣΪһķ⣬ҶҲҪṩӦķ
ܰң֪ģҶĻХ˶˼ּαĳ˰˸
Ҷ˵ʹܰ㣬ΪʲôҪ㰡ڴȥĹѾһ·ˡ
˼լˮ࣬µƽգѰһѨᣬԱӺƽʢڹʱˮʦеǼΪġ
ҲЩķˮʦȴǽѧõаϣһЩͽھĹᡣ
ˮʦùĹȻҪͨı׼ȷǿԹĹѨеɷӶʹûմ
ЩˣǼܵյģԭϵɽΪǿȴ֪ϻõĶ
Ҷ쿴ХƾˣЩĹǼյģ˵ֻһ̷ǹŴһЩʦĸˣЩط˵ġ
ҶĻХĬһᣬҶ׼ҵ绰ʱͻȻ˳ҪĶȡйɷ㲻
˵Сӵ׸ʲôˣ
Х⻰Ҷʱ㡭ı²󣬵ȴС
Ҷ֮ԷΪ֪һЩĹ߼֮أۼżŨɷ
ڵƣЩɷй©ȥֻҪҲûʲô˺ġ
ʩھĹʱһԭķˮ֣ͻʹɷйʹԲ״ݲεġ
Ҷ쵱լӣ󿪹ŹʱΪʵʶй˹ʹڻɷԺ֮ڣΧûʲôӰ졣
ڰʮĩʱҶʦһɽСǻ٪֢Ǽ޳ȥŮĺӣҲˡ
Ѿ߰ʱ䣬ҲϼŽһʱӹҽѧרҵȡ֤ȴûзֵˮͻκε쳣Ҳûֳʲô
ϵΧɽ˼Ȧ֮ȴǶҶԣɽ֮УһĹ˸ڿˣʹɷйͨɽڴ뵽ġ
ʱԪҶ߷һЩˣȻʮĩڵʱмкȥɽڿһĹһЩ
Ǽк֮󲻾ãһǱԺҲû˸ȥɽйĹڵĵطˡ
ʦͽȥɽһȻˣǴĹǴŴڿģǧɷĹΧǴݲ
ϵʩչֶΣĹᣬסɷѳЩѾɷʴ˵ˣϵҲûа취ˡ
Ϊɷйֱ۵ʶҶŻ˷ŭģѧղ͸óȻȥһЩѨĹأǼֱѰ·Ϊ
ʲôʱйĵʲôط
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ХЩ䣬γһ˵ԼҲˣ洫˽ȥɷйĺҲеġ
׻˵޳ˣ˵޳ڶˣɷйɵᱨӦϵġ
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ХʣһϹ裬ԼһֱܵģͲʶʲôͬУٰ֮£ҵҶ졣
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Ҫȥǡѩѩô찡ԶһҶ⻰ʱˣǱŮǲģҪû˿ţƶܶ
ҶҲ˵Ҫҩѩѩ壬Ҷһߣ˭ҽŮ
Ϊȥ
Ҷû˵û£ס죬ȻҴùѩѩһᾡϻġ
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֣¶˵ұȥһ˵ġ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ѩѩ鲻ҪģҪһ£Ĺ򡣡
ðɣҪ˾ˣԶҶһ취ûУֻܵͷӦ
Ҷ쵹Ҳ˵߾ߣСʱҺõҩŶ˸ѩѩҩźѩѩɫԺ࣬ҲԶҶֶ˼ġ
ʱ½˽Ʒ˹һĶҶ㵱һСʱİ˹
ٽ㣬ǰԺĳŵģëͷǸˣͲˮˣһצӾһǱ߳ԵĲֺ
¹ŮԶνǲʱһӺӱҩģҲ뵽ĺԺ
ģǮð
鿴ЩвҩҶҲǰզ࣬ԭ˵˵ģû뵽Զĸ㵽˺üʮݵɽΡ
Ҷע⵽ˣһųҰɽεĲ䣬Ȼߴٶ֮꣬ǰڰģһҩĹ˾֮ʱıǰ˰ٰʮû뵽ҲԶ˹
ŵĹһЩҩĵļ۸Ҷó˸ۣûǧ򣬾òģԼǴȥʱ׾ݣҶʲôƴ֡
ȻҶѾͻƿЩҩĻޱȣĲ˵ʦµĺüҩ趼ԭϣֻҪԼˡ


257 д
ϵʱҶһҶĺԺƽʱŵԺӣҲһӱѩѩ£ܿ浽һ
Թ֮Ҷһ˻صԼķ䣬ϵĴƿеһҩȻ󽫽ʣһФҲŵ˿ڴ
һ֮ҶĹӣÿһľһıչȻ¶˳
ҶƵģרŴһЩҶΪܱʦµ̺ʦͶǷġ
ҶҲ֪Ǳ߾ʲôб޻ܹһ㡣
Ҷʮ꣬ϵڷɽйĹѨʱǽһҲᱻʵʵɷ˵塣
ȻҶʱı죬ȵϵѾй֮޲ոԪܱȵģС޴ҶҲǲ˿Ĵ⡣
ͨ޺ۻöʯȻŵģһ֮ҶȥԺںԶϰֺ˳
ʲô飿صģ
Ҷƽ鲻Զȥ֮󣬲תǧ򣬶ֱתǧȥһǧԼķá
Ҷƽû׼Ŀ֮⣬ʣµǧ߰򶼴ڻᣬԺ˵ʲôʱͻõǮġ
֣һߣѳԿ׸ҰɣҶϰ֡
㲻˵뿪𣿡ҶƽؿӣҲûʻ֤ȥһ˲ס˺鷳ġ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵֣ûµģҿļİƳңպȥ³ɣɣɿ߯ˣ
Ҷ챾ҲߵģХСӵĻôŵùһ̷ҪסѨĻʱҪӵ鷳
ֻߣӱĳȴûˣҶֻԼȥȫʲôĵû⣬ϾҶʮʱ򣬾ͿϰֵĳسǺéɽ֮ˡ
ʲôóСӱǮ԰ڰ
ӵĻҶƽûصһۣѵҸ㣬ľųǮĶˣ˼Ҳͷͻף
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Ҷƽһ취ûУֻ׷ںʵ˵ȥҪһɣ
ӱҶѾ˺Ժĳ⣬ԶԶش˳
Сӣ첻֣Ҷƽ˶ţһεķصԺ

ӱһٶ๫޷ֱӱ¸ٺ󣬾ѾҹʮһˣҶϵʱѾ賿һ㡣
ش̫ɽ´Сسǿɣûжֳҹᣬ·ϸͿһˣҶѰ·Ҳ
·ʮӺҶһҴŰڵϷңͣ³˰̽ȥ˵˲ٺûʵХסд
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˺ü²Ů˲̧ͷ˯ϡɵĿҶ죬û˵˼ĶʮǮһϣ˼ʮ
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ҶҲû໰Կ׺֤Ťͷ˶¥Ž֮һԴ٣ԽԽȥˣ
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дʮǮסһҹû˻Ҫ֤Ǽǣסӣǲĺõص㡣
ЩҶԭҲģϵ߽ʱ򣬻סҲЩطֻǹ˼ʵӣҶһʱ硣
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ϴ֮ԼǸҶХķǰһ£洫΢ԴٵĺС˵Ĳᡣ

Ҷһǣĺʧˣһ֮Ҷ˼΢ɲĽŲ
˭Хͳſڴ˳
ţǱһѬյģҶ˵Ҳһһֵġ
Ҷƺ˿Ť𣬷űһ졣
ȵҶ˽ȥХͷһŹţ֮󻹰Ĳˡ
۲۰
ȵХ߻֮󣬿ǲ԰׵ûһ˿ѪɫӣҶԭǻŭҲϨȥ
ΪһдеĽʦȻôңҶȻܲˬǳڴͬеķϣҶҲЩζ
ۣҪţȡȿȣХһ仰û˵꣬;ҵؿҶĸӦǹɷ
ûǸ̻Х壬ҲǱͨҪǿ׳һѣϰĲʦ޷ɷʴġ
Ҷҡҡͷ۾ĴڷһסˣüͷʵͳЩǰʱ׬Ǯأ
ڴǰϣżեˣӲͷե˵ԱߣմɸˮѾûһ˿


258 һ
ȡȿȡ
Хſ˵һҵĿ԰ѻ˻ȥ԰׵¶һ˿ĺɫ
ҶХץȥ˵ָң
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ХһʶذȥȴûҶ죬һס̫ԨѨֻоһ飬ᵹ˴ϡ
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˫ָХ󴦣һ֮Ҷһ˵ȥֻаˣ
ྭģȣƵĻܿͻѪģҲ֮Ϊ첡
ִҽѧֲʲôֻ֢ҪסԺһʱģҶ쿴Х⸱ҵģԷǮƶûˣ˵ˡ
Ϊ˱˶ĿסдҶģϵեͷ˵ХľǲôԣҶ첻֪׬Ǯȥˣ
ܻꣿˣХ¶˲ЦҶ࣬ȴһɣĸо
ҶֵʵֲǺҽΣסԺǧǮ͹ˣ㲻㿴
ûǮХܸɴıĳ֡
˵СǷǰɣϴ׬ҵأ
Ҷ쳤ô󣬴Ǳ˶ͷۣҲˣ˵ˣҲһĸо
Хһ¿ˮ̵ӣƲҶһۣ˵ˣ裡
ǸТӰ
ҶϸХϿһ£һ֮˵ʧӼĸĸʧһҲǳΰɣ
㡭ô֪ģһֱž޲ƺʲôȤХ죬ҶⷬǱɫ
ҶЦЦ˵ϿģҴѧӦˣ᲻Щɣ
ХĶͷߣΪ֮ǬԣΪԶ˸Եһ˵
дģ͵ľҪλΰˣǷߣǸ¡֮ˣС׿Ⱥ丸ϲ˲ͣ丸Ҳġ
ĹΪ˸ĸ׿ХҶһЩĹۡ
ХĬĬص˵ͷ˵һ˫۾ˣֲ۽ĤҽԺ˵ҪҡҵǮ
ǱҶ˵£ХĻǰ˲٣ûôŤˡ
Ҷ죬ѨҲǹģХͻȻ̧ͷ˵ûϣ㡭ܰ𣿡
ХҲǼѧԨԴ֪ѨͿ̿ĻӦɲԼϣ˫Ŀʧĸף¶Ҫⲻġ
ΪĸףХҶͷˣȻ֪Ҷϵжƾ۾ܿϴȸڵɷֶξĪˡ
ХĻҶ첻ÿɷ˵˵˵ɣҲ˵ģ
ȻѾմ£ҶǱˣҪ֪ХľϡͿľ͹˼ˡ
Х챾벻˵Ҷܼᶨӣͷ˵ܶõĺˡ
ҶԳһ׷ʵܶã
ǣˣХͷĸˣҶȴʱ顣
ܶï壬Ϫѧңѧ繫ϵѧɿɽ棬ܶó̫꣬ͼ˵ͨ顷֮ߣָơ
ܶǰʵΪƳ磬ѧλҲߣֻ֪¾Сɽ֮־ػѣɷǣû֪ѧ˼롣
ϰͨг̫нӳ򫡢͵£̾ΪѧңѧۺܸߣΪ̫ͼ˵ͨע⣬𽥴
˽ΪֻܶҹѧĿɽ棬ȴ֪һңŶݼ׵輫һķˮѧ˵ŽҲǱƳġ
ܶԸ߽࣬һǰеĵλҲܸߣΪХȴȥеĹ֮£ѹ֮ǰ˵ˡ
һںôܵˣ
Ҷʦ˵һ֪ܶõĺ˶ںϽһԴĩ֮Ͼ˳ŽǵϢˡ
ǼǨӱѾĴˣүү䶷ˣҰڰʮʱҲȥˣҺĸΪҲȥĹġ
ХƺԼ˼άУҲûشҶĻԹԵ˵ƽʱ˹ͨһ˵ĵĵģҶ컹Ǹ
ԭХ游ܶһĵϵˣĩʱڣ˿ܶõĴУ׼ܶôһЩ伮
Ϊ˱ܻХ游ʹӱ磬˺ӱɽһ֪ʶԨˣܿͳΪʮ˽˵𾴡
Хүү̳мѧǺӱһУѧϵĽڣǼҵԭǺܲģʮ궯֮Уһжıˡ
ХүүΪϾűȥ˷صļϹ伮
Щ˸ͿЩȴǸХүүһ⽨ŵñӣ⻹㣬ַһѻ𽫼Ӵյĸɸɾ
ԭͱЩСñ˵ʮڹ伮ȻԼϣʱѪ
ʱոսХĸףһҴ죬ȴǲʹãڱʱҲ˴ˣХʱȥˡ
ʵߣҲܼһЩХĸ׳Ϊν̴ѧһԱ
ֻĸɷ۾ھ𽥵Ĵӿ嶫չ޷ֻ֮ܰˣͿһ΢ݹ
⼸꣬ĸ۾ѾȫˣХĸȥҽԺ˵ǷĲԽĤĽĤǣ۽Ĥֲͻʧ
Ҫ˵ܼԭЩҵ׵ģǵ곭ҵʱ򶼱һɶܸȥҲûʲôǮⵣһ¾ѹХϡ
ڼҾԭХоѧˣȻСǿ׳һ¼ٿǮʵǮĸβ쿪
֮£ХСʱѧһЩڷˮ֪ʶȻڼз䵹ҳΨһǸ̷
Ҫ˵ХҲǼӱһˣһЩ鼮ѧϰ֮ϵԼеļҴѧ˵汻ʦͨ˷ˮʦżˡ
Хʮ궼䣬տڰ׻ĸûȥˮ¸ĴţҲرˡ
һżȻĻᣬХڹгһЩŶʱγѣԼù۲˵Ǯ׬ѵȥ׬Ǯ
뷨֮ХéٿߵĹУʶһЩͬˣ˼ȻĳнףʶҶ졣


259 Ѩ
Х챾ԸƧˣֻΪͥıʣ˹ͨŻԹ˸䵭ӡ
һôĿѣѹҲǿ֪ģʱҵ˸ߵĶԷ˵ͣˡ
Х̶ʮҶҲЩ꣬ԭΪԼСûĸףǺܱҵˣǺХȣԼֱ۹ﳤˡ
ҶҲ֪ˣȥжʮХ죬겻ʮ꣬ԼҪС꣬˵˵ĺ統ңȻˡ
Ҷһ£˵ѧԨԴҲǷˮˣӦ֪Ĺ͵ģԺͲҪٸˣ
ˮʦҵ켵ģȥմȾǴԼХˡξϵɽˡ
ҶĻХҡҡͷ˵ҲİŵĹչǮֵ֮ģɡû뵽
Х챾ûʲôϵʹһЩˮߵ֪ʶڳҲɲóȥũ忪г˭ôӰ
󱻱Ƶø˵ĹеǴҶ׬Ǯ֮Х쿴˸ĸ۾ϣ
ХҲ֪Ĺͣڻµʱ֮׼һƱֵġ
Хû뵽լ̺ɷԶԶ󣬸Ӧġ
㻹Ǹùӣ
Ҷ̾˿кȻһʵˣСϴǺн׺Ǽʱ򣬲ǽеʮô߰ǮͲ
ЩܽˣﶼûʵģҶʮһ٣ڹؼè壬˺ѱҶ뵽ϴµʱв¶ɵɫ
ǼǷХ¶ɬЦݣ˵ǻҲûǮ֪ǼǺöչתֵġ
ûǮôҽмۣҶĻ
ǵڶڼϰн׵ģؿʮĿӣҲźʮ򣡡
⻰˵ͨҶҡҡͷ˵ôżĸβΪʲôȴӼȻһǮأ
ǮҪǵĸ׶ڹ涨ʱ仹ǮڴĹڳĶҪ۸Բ򲻵ѣҲǮ
ȻǮھǩХ컹ûеɽˮĵز֮ǰȻʼȻǮˡ
ǴУХ쿴ǼĲҸᵹڳȥĻͿԻϼȻĽȻϴϰģԵʱźҶ˼ڼۡ
ǵҶеʮʱȴˣֻؿǼҶС
Сǿװǰ
ХΪԼ˼ʮҶЩƣҲû˶ԷĻǴӰֻ
֣Ҷ졭ͨ˼Ȼĵ绰Ҷʵ¶˵ںн׵˫ܴ赽һʿӣ֪Ǽٰ
ţţ֪ˣлл֣أȻر˵ɣһ绰ҶͷƵ˼Ȼһ۵룬ֻҶˡ
ڰСӲǵڹ棬ˡҶҡҡͷХĻȴˡ
ȻȷʵǿԽ˫ԣȴǷΪεģҶĿͻøֽУХģʮ
ҼȻŴϢҲǺܸߵģǰ¼㣬ǰģÿҪһȴХ춼֪ģӲ˽ǮȥҶ쾺۵˼ˡ
Ūǰ֮Ҷ쿪˵ˣĻˣ˵˵ɡ
ĹƽһԱߵģתˣ¿϶иĹ
Ǹطɽľɽɽʻ֮ƣɳǾѵķˮ֮أ
˵ЩʱХ¶ŵɫһĴбƫڷˮ߹ȻѧȱȫǶԼ۹ġ
㿪ĹѨʱ򣬷ʲô飿
Ҷ첻ÿɷʵĹ᱾ѨԽõķˮѨԽŨǧؿǱ䶯һЩ΢ı仯ܽһ֮Ѩɼصġ
Х¶һ˿⣬˵Ĺǰͱ˶ˣŵĵطһۼӦڰϵģҴͨԭĵڽ뵽ĹѨڵʱ򣬷һʬǡ
ڷصĹˣǾԲʬģХҲǵӼˣʱǾ߲һߣ׼俪Ĺ®שǽ
®שǽΪĲ㣬æ˰ҹ۳һХ죬Ϳ㡣
Хû뵽Ĳשǽеһשһ֮ǿ׶кʱͷ󺹵Х׹ߡ
ʱХֻо󣬶ǹǺѪҺ񶼱һ㣬ڴʱϵṆ̀ȴͷųһ˿ů⣬סХ塣
ͨլˮХ֪Լ˸ﲢǽĹţͨѨҲ֪Լ˶Ĵ
䱾ʬɢѨγͨɵ;ڤڤӰ졢˵ˡ
ѨΪ߱ѭĹڵķˮתγ̫֮һμ໥ںϡ
ХڵǸȴѨĵطһʱĹڵɷǧɷûڵȫ̷
֪˴Х죬æĹש˻ȥֽǿשˣˮƣô׾ܷµϵġ
Хףľٶֻɷйٶ΢ŻһЩѣվα겻αһģ洫̷
̺֮֮ǧĹڵɷ֮ȣ࣬죬ͽʴһõ󣬶Ĺеɷǻй©ġ
㵱ʱĹ֮ûй𣿡
ҶХΪЩĹμֻҪùˣֵܷóͿСȴܵѨ֮ȥģ
̿ûû뵽˴
Х˵ȴҶ˹ķˮʦʧȥͨټϵؿǱ䶯ļͻһЩ
ϵˮͷҶҡҡͷﵤҩ˳˵ˣҩ黯ˮȷȥҳȥԵġ
ХΪТϽĹеҲǱεģҶԸһѣҴϸ˵ХҲΨһһͬˡ
ҩӸХ죬Ҷ쾶ֱдѰһ¿յ꣬ûҪֱʮ¿⣬ⶫǴ֮ġ


260 Ͷʯ·
԰ɣٺȿھƣõģ
صдҶ콫¿һƿƷϣʱХѾҩɫ֮ǰࡣ
Ҷ磬лл㣡ХмؿҶһۣץ¿ͳʮ˾ǳʱÿͷ̲˵ģǰĲᡣ
νҰ㻯ˣԺô죿һҲǶģǲ׺ɣʱ񣬺˾ȻԵĹΪҶҲЩζ
Ҷ磬ҡҲʲô
ХЦһذ¿ʵ˶˵Ҷ磬֪ǶҺãҲ۾ֻһˣҪǴղǮɾҪϹˣ
ڽԼǱҵľʱХ춼һļǿʱᵽΪĸףȴˮŻ¿ôԲȥˡ
ţȳ԰ɣȥ￴ΡҶǰ¿Хǰƣûм⡣
̸ⷬҶХĸйۺܲҲЩ뷨ǰ鷳ûҶ첻̫
ҶĻХһ£˵Ҷ磬ɡɡҪȥеģΧ˿ǲٵġ
ϻһֲ֪ȥĹֻǿι۹۵ѣʲôϵģ
Ҷ챻Х˵ĿЦãϵֲ߽ûӴĹеûɵ꣬Ȼ˾ٱڵ
ٺ٣Ҿ֪ҶмңҶ磬Ҳԣһ˳Բô࣡
ƽһκİ̸£Хӿ˺ܶ࣬Ǹʮ꣬ҲһЩĺĸо
ţԵ㣬ʮˣ͵緹ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷץ¿ҲķҪХĶˣûһṦһƿʮ⣬Ȼ˳Եĸɸɾе߽ﶼҶĶӡ
߰ɣȥ
ֽ˲֣Ҷվչ壬ؽڷžХ۾ֱˡ
Ҷ磬ôѽ
Хʱ͸ŸϰҴûһиȻȲҶ죬ɲҶⲻһ֣ȴŹ˼µı֡
ҶЦ˵ڼȭͨٺȭѣһӦҲӦĹģûҪĽҡ
УĹ游һʧˣҸʱ򣬾ֻ洫һЩˡ
ХɫЩСʱԸ˵ŽҲǺĽģǼĴе伮ǱվǶʧһҲķˡ
ˣҶһ£̶Ц˵ûյͺãԺԵˣ˵ܱġ
˵ʵҶҲ뿴ϴУֽ伮Ǳʲô
ҶõĴй̫أһûֶûͼֻһοŵϢѣϵҲδŹҲҵķˮӡ֤һ¡
ֻǽ֮Ƕҵʮܼ꣬ѣɱصĴе伮һգȫ˴С
ԪҲҶ߷һЩˮɣЩ˲תˣµķװŪȴûܹͨԪŷˡ
ԸɡХҡҡͷߵſڽɵŵһ˵ϡ
װʲôҶʵӿ治СŸ˽ȥǴ´ġ
ĹļһʲҶ磬ȥûɲʹġ
ХЦŸñ״Ķ˵Ҷ磬ǿƣͷϵģ֣һԵģֶܱӣȥʱҪϡ
Х治٣˿ƺ֮⣬ж̰ѵĹºԼ˹ȶҶ벻һνӰᵽĹǵضȥģ
Ҷһ£˵дȫǳȥĻӴϡ
Ҷұ֤ӷĻǳȥ֮ӣ˽鿴ģХĹҲͱסˡ
Ҷ磬⡭Ҫû˵ʱֳȥģڿɲɡХЩΪѣôӰóȥ̫ˡ
ˣҿģ˵Щһ붼ҪӵģȻסһ군
ھŰᣬܶ··ģԽĵط·Խ࣬һ˼鵽Ҷˡ
Ҷ˵ģХûڳɣӺҶһǰһĳд
Х˵ĹسǻмʮƽһׯĶ棬һСʱҶĳͣһЩխ·ϡ
·ϵʱҶХļһʲӵһ룬ֻ˿ƹ£ХȻ۲ѣȴûҶ˵ʲô
³ָҿ£طХ³ȴǱҶסˡ
ȻҶ˼Х컹ָһط˵Ҷ磬Ǳߣпʯͷʯͷʮ׵ĵط
ųܲ鿴һ֮Ҷ̾ɽʻ֮ƣкȻǾطĺڣҵĹ࣬ҲȨƺպյĴ
һڱȽƫŶݼռһ࣬Ҷլˮر˽⡣
Ҷת֮۾ȴǿֱ۵ĿĹϷ۵㵲ѵǣĹռȻһô
Ҳ˵ƬµĹǧƽϵģֹܰģĹˣݱȻǷͬСɵġ
һԵХΪȻĵ˵ͷ˵Ҷ磬õשĴĹĩδڵġ
ĹɽϲɽͿΪĹĩγʱשʯĹӶ࣬ΪһĵĹҵߣХͬѧרҵ֪ʶǺʵġ
Ǵطһ֮Ҷҡҡͷ˵ĹɷǷ²סˣҪİ취
ǡô죿Хһˣ¶ġ
£ĹĵͲʮ֮࣬ǰǽȥˣ֮йǲ赼Ļ½Ϊ
ҶӶԵصй֣ǰĹ˻ǲ٣ǵڿλþܿкü˶ͨˮߵ֮
һĹͱʢ˥ʹҶסѨôȥȫʧԺĻ
߰ɡҶ쿴ǰ¿˹šԿ׷˳ӣֱ¿˹ȥ
¿õʱҶҡ˳һڱǸ¿ͷʵүׯǰɣ·߯ˣ
ҶĻͷıӣ˵ȥׯǰ棬ׯ·Ǳߵ·߰


261 Ե
Ҷ磬ȥׯﰡ
Ҷ췢˳ӣֱǰ濪ȥХһɻʵû뵽Ҷ֮ǰǰׯ֣ȴͷ·ġ
Ͷʯ·Щŵ㻹ء
Ҷ¶һ˿ЦݣĹֶΣХ죬Ҫ˵߽ŵ·ХȴϲҶġ
ĹشׯΧᱻ֣Щĳ֣ȻʹزŽе飬ҶƫƧֵ飬ҲǶ㲻ȥġ
ҶҪһֹ·ļ·ϣ˳ִӱĳжصĳƻɣϣ޷졣
ų˴Сʱׯ֮ҶҲûͣׯǰ濪ȥ֪ǰ滹иСӡ
պýмУȻѾɢˣ̯Ļǲ٣ҶֽһֻȻȥϵĺֻëʡ
Ҷ컹ƿصվƺһЩʳŹһൽ˳ϡ
Ҷֻ˳Х첻ֵʵҶ磬ЩѽҪթʬˣҲҪֻ¿ӲŹð
ҶƲƲ죬ЦƨթʬСӻΪĹнʬ
Ҷ쿴νĽʬֻЩĹµĹ֮󣬱ɷʴĻþ֮ԶﴫǧҲͳΪ˴˵
ҶҲûХͣǿų⣬ʻһ˾ɽ¡
ѳϨ֮ҶŹʹдմɸ˳ָ΢޺ȻǱҶĴӼͷ
޺ɱţ׼ˣһͷ˵ϣѪҶæմɸӸסˡ
żѪδ䣬Ҷ콫ֽ˳ͷϣëպ˼Ѫɷ滭ɽɷΪֽ紵ûƳɡ
鷳
ҪԪģҶ쿴һԱߵХ죬˵Ұסֽߡ
Х۾ʵ㡭ڻ
ȻˣǻæʲôҶû˵㣬ϢᣬǻҪȥׯ
ǣǣҾһָס֤Ӱ㣡
ХæӦһǰ̯һŻֽŷ򴦰ס˻ֽߣ˷֮໹һ˿𾪵ɫ
Хʱ˵ܼҵˣԻƳȣʱХ컹Сǵɹġ
ʹԺХ컹Ϊһ˵翣û뵽ҶȻ滭ʱСʱ׵Ļ
ܸ˵ûˣܹͨԪԪΪãѰΪܼ֮ʮȱҲֻôϴﵽ˸߶ȡ
ҶȻƷҲ˵ϵ裬Ӧÿܼȱȼˣʽ΢ִҶĹɲХ첻е𾪡
һɷҶһص˵ͷţŻУٻһţ
󹦸ɣˣ
ŻɷҶ֣СĵĽۺ˳ֽմɸԶԶӽ˲ݴ
תХ컹վҶüͷ˵ϳɣɽ̫ҸطϢ³Եٻׯ
ʦʦ
Ҷû뵽ǣ䣬ХȻͨһ˫ϥŵصĹǰ
ʦ㺰˭ҶҿһۣСĪǱɷֻˣ
ʦҰɣХһͷȥֻǶͷûŵ棬ͱҶýżסˡ
ʦҺͷҲҿĵģûʦͽԵ֣ҶҡҡͷֱӾܾХ졣
Ҷ磬ҼĸˣΪͽҾ͹²ˡ
ХԭͶȤޣ޷뵽Ž֮У¼Ҷвݵĵ
ģ˵СС˵˰ɣɣźɽɣûĥߴ
ҶɲХһףת˳ֱӷ˳ȥ
ʦȵҡ
Хٳ죬ҲǸʮ˾ĺӣ۳ҶҪߣӵϴһ˽ȥ
Х˳ҶһɲХ죬˵㱾һĵϵˣȻʧ˴Уȴ޷ıģӴУҲǻθ밡
ɡǼﴫͶ˰
ХûʦŽţѧһЩСʱ׽̵ĻԼģЩ飬ҲǺܿء
㻹زǣ
Ҷû˵ΪһӵܣӦպѰϴУѧһģ
ʵХС䣬Ǿѣԭϰĺӣƫˣȴ޷̳һĴУҶҲֻŵ֮˵ܾ
ǡǺðɣҶ磬һὫһģ
ԼͶ£ȷڣХҲֻܴ⣬Ҳ־ᶨ֮ͬʱﰵ˾ģһҪ̳ȥ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵Ǿͺãպʱˣ㵽Ͻһˣ
˵Х֮󣬿ɫҲ𽥿ȥڳ˵⣬Ҷ쿪ųʱķʻȥ
ӱ·ݵũ壬Ǻ̹ǰĺģϻϼҼһ˵ƣҲû˷Ǵӵһ·ϣͣһǰǴ򿪵
Ҷ磬ʲôʱȥ
ѾŵӣҶХҲĸСʱˣڼЩ·ҶôıԳӻӦ˹ȥ
ٵһᣡ
Ҷ쿴ХһۣǿȥȥҿûôҩԣС÷磬ʲôԾͰѳӷõ
ХѾĹûץסҶҲֻܰ̾Сˣܵû˰ѷģһ׳µġ
ХϻмֲӣҶ첻ˣСӻһЩˮѧ˵ʱһ֮ɷصʱȥ
һĹˣҪȹʱ֮ŻµĹХģҶʱˣҲܡ
͵ĺ
ȵʱָʮʱҶ˳̧ͷϿȥȴһƬƽǺڵ
ס˲Ҫţ˵ӻˣλϨҾ֪ˣҶһ߽Х죬һ߽·
һרҵĵĹƵĽ£ҶĲִ٣ֻܽХˡ
ģôˮģ˵㣬·ݹ
ѵֻʣһ֮̿Ҷ彡׳Ҳ紵Ĵ˸սĻХĽ¡
ģͦרҵģ
Сһ·Ҷ콫޺бϣǰڴպ÷Фͷֻ̾ˡ


262 
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濴ſڲֻݵҶļȥȴǱпռ䣬ڶʵģǲ̮ķա
һжװԼǰԵĹƫˣСĵУҶں˼š
ڵ飬ҶҲоĹһеȷףҪӣҪĲ˵ⳤʮ׵ĵǸټĹˡ
ֽŲõʮ֮Ҷ˵ľͷһשǽסȥ·ǽϵѱɾһשҶǰ
ͷƵȵһЩҶϸһӦĹ񷶥ĵط
ĿռҪ΢һЩݵ˶棬שǽһǣһЩɢ˹ͷҲ֪˶ãʴЩơ
ΪΪʳҶ첻֪߸֮ǰ﾿ʲô飬Żôһ߹ʬǡ
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ڵϵҶ죬͵һ˫ۣڸղӴǽںǽʵʵɷǹŨɷȻӵϣ뽫Ҷɵ
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263 
ǸĶڣХһʱûӦ㶵˵⡭ôиڰ
˵ɵ⵱ȻǵˣѵӶҶûصХһۣ˵ȥŵ㣬Ҫעⷢţ
֣Ҷô֪иİҶϻصϵХ죬˼ͷ
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һȻصأȴڣڴھˣҲǾָģΪΨһ԰ȫ뵽Ĺĵط
˵ʵҶ쿴֪ʲôĵҲЩʧ
ҶδĹʱʹʵҲĥǲѰöĴڣ˵ĹѾ˹˹ˣزжٶ
ЩһûнӦǻʲôԭȴûٴνĹᣬµöɣ
Ź½Ҷ췢֣˶Сϸһ޶֮⣬ڲĿռ䣬ȻǸҪ࣬Ҷ찫ߡ
ڵʱ̫ˣʵ˵ǽڣЩΪˮԭסˣҶ˽һСʱʱ䣬Žȫͨ
һСʱҪˣԼҪץˣֱѾǿĵˣҶʮӣȵĿͨһ֮˽ȥ
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264 
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ʬǵؿڶд̴ʬƤѸãΨɭɭ׹ڵƹһ˿ӫ⣬ն˫ƺ˵ԼҵĵĹ
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ֻҶҲ룬ĹᣬԼİ𣿹ҶĸԼͨ󷨶ϣʹΪһصġ
ŻָĹ棬ҶЩ֪ĹʲôĻڵԼ
ԭΪţȴûѨҪӵߣҶ֪Լ͹˹˵ǻۣŸоԼѴĹڼˡ
ǲˣȻȥɡ
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Ҷ쿴Хһۣѹɤ˵ٷϻЩٸݲݸ棡
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ХҲǼɫˣҶɫѿһ仰ûҶʣҶĹ£ĳڸ
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޺ۣǱҶɷйĵطˣĹǧ궼˷ǰֻһĹҶŲ˷Ǵġ
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İأһֻһΣҶǽڵ治ϵû£ҲûܵĹȫ˽Ĺǰ
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ģһﵽʲô˰ĹȻԺӣ
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ҸߴףĹǳʻεĲ״שǽһŨɷ֮㼯שǽһҶá޺ۡڡ


265 
ߴ׵Ŀռ֮Уֱ׵ӣĹ֧ŵļޱȣʹ𣬶ʹ̮
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ҶߵһӣľͷûʱƵġˡҲһΪЩľǱ˽ۣȥƽɵһ㡣
ҶҲ֪ЩʲôľʵģǧһҲǺľϡ
̽ϣԿͼΧǽڵĺ񷶥ɫĲʻ棬ڵƹ£Ե쳣ĸûʡ
ֻҶ첢ǵһ뵽ˣⲿʴܶʻͼѾɫˣȻǧĹݻɡ
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Ҷ֪йŴĹУһ˫ĹṹѱĹݴﵽļˣĹ˫ĹжҺңɼһߡ
⵽ʲô˵Ĺᰡ
ƽһοʹһѵĹҶȴ˿ѧǵ˼ΪʵЩ棬Ĺ˾λǰˣ˲ôӾķˮ֡
ڵúʯƵĻԭӦЩʱȴǱɨһգмԿžͼĻøһ롣
ţӦþˣⲼˮֵˣΪλὫҸΪɷ۵ĵط
ЩȱĺʯſԱоֵĹŴƷǶҶԣЩȴǴ˴ˮҪڡ
Ҷ󲻽ǣΪŹ餵ĵطһ˵ˮʦὫ䲼ó֮ѨѨۣӱӸˡ
ˮֵĲãȴǡǡҶû´ĻĹˣȴǽĹҽһˮء
ӺĹɷ۵®֮ϣĹ֮ԣĹ˵ĺ˵ֱһѣ
ˮѧ˵֮о仰լӰһˣլӰһˡɼĹˮҪˡ
ɸ֮ĸ֮ѪɵģԸĸ֮ǺһõĵطӺˣǾͻúֻӾ
Ҷ۲˰Сʱ֮󣬿϶Լ뷨ҲͿҪжĳ𣬲Ż˲ðĹѵһ㿴
Ĺɽ֮ƣˮνǾϺõķˮ֣ĹڵĲȴǱΪĸĶʹ侹ȻһѨ
ƫƫĹỹ޽ĸûʣȻĹ˶ʮӣȴڹؼڱһ͵ת϶Ĺġ
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ģǱˣ
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ڼʹɷйȥҲΧׯ̫ӰˣЩ˻Сѡ
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һʱ䣬ҵ¶ƺȻ½˺üȣɷǺһ㣬ҶᶨΪ˫һ̧ɷĹҵ®֮
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Ҷ®שϵ޺ۣһ죬ƺڻѣҲӿյٶȣǺɷڶ̶̵֮ڣȻһգ
ҶҲ֪޺۾Ȼ˹Чϲ֮಻ֲʦԹôƳ磬ôһʲڣʦҲҪʧһˣֱӾܽǴɽйĹɷմģ
Ҷг˼ʱͻȻһ£Լ·˸սɱһΧɱ죬֫ϱۺɣʬɽѪһƬ޳ء
ģ췴
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Ҷֽ˼ָɿĴ뵽޺۽֮УȻŴ󣬸ղҧ⺬һѪ޺۽֮ϡ
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ģû뵽ҪѪ
޺۴ԼѪĸоҶĨĨߵѪղõרշɷ֮ġ
޺۷һ죬ȴˣСһ㣬ҶЩЦá
ˣһأҶЦž׼޺۸
֪ΪΣ޺ۺȻҶĵת˸ģм⴦Ǻڶĺ
ţʾĪ滹ʲô
Ҷһ£ҲܸоĹڵɷƺûȫﱻɷʴǧ꣬˵ͻ޺һĴء
뱦ɽֻܿأǰ˵ĶڴҵģһҲӦõİɣ
Ҷ챾ûĹ͵ȡ뷨޺ʾĶزǷһʱҲлȣҺ󣬽˺
һĹ˶Ὣ餷ں֮УǷ޺Ĺҽң԰˺ǡ
ţôỹˣĹҵĺʯŴʱҶͣס˽Ų
Ϊںŵıϣһ˵ʬǣҶϸõĴֲƳɵ·ܿԲǱʬڴ˵ĹˣӦǺĹˡ
˵Ĺ֮вỹΣյģҶüͷ΢΢һ˿ףס޺ֻۣƿѱƻ˵ĺš


266 ׵
ʯſźܱأȴùģǳҶһƣʯžͻ￪ˡ
үͷأ
ҶͷĵƹĹҵʱһʵʵɷͻȻ絶Ҷ쵱ͷ¡
Ҷз޺٣һ˿ڶԷɱ޺۽ɷײһ𣬶ʱĹҵԪ
εɷڿţҶȴͨɢ⣬ĹеΡ
ҶĹַΪĸңаڷһ޴Ĺ餡
ԵĲУСһĹ餣Ҷ֪˹餺檣ңȫһЩ˵ʬǣӦѳߡ
㡭ģѡѵǹضүĹ
ЩͨĹҲûʲôҶ쾪Īǣ餵ǰ棬ȻŰڷһµ
µڳһ֣أնͬСɣõµµ֮һ֡
ҶǰµԼʮңʵȻǧ꣬Ȼմ¯һ㡣
µĵԼʮ֣ͨڹҶĿһ£ӦϺõִĥģԶҶ춼ܿϸ΢·
費԰ضүǣǺؽ磬ȻӱŸȴǲ˼ǧ·϶ǹضүĵ
ʼľ֮Ҷѹǰѵ͹ضү϶ûаëǮĹϵˡ
ΪҶ֪ضүʹõµС˵׫ġ
Ƴʱ˸С˵ǴƳ˴صΪ̫أʹã඼Ϊѵ̣򹬵
µҶȴ𽥱ûȻǹضүѵܳƵһѱһһѵõĹԷ
Ҳ˵ѵڹĹʷǧ⣬ǵĳɷ֤һױˡ
ҵɷһɱ˵ѵǼƷ϶Ѫ޵ս֮ϣȴ֪Ϊα˷ǧĹ֮У
Ҷ˼֮ʣߵһ˹
ױѾֳʤµͷųɷ˻ȥҶе޺ۣǷĴȻռϷ硣
ʵ˵µҪ޺ۣΪսɱеѪʴĻԶԶ޺ۣɱ֮ؾҶղŶΪ֮Ĳ
޺ĹɷղźܾܿͲµĶˡ
Ҳ޺ܱĹã䵽Ҷеԭ򣬵ױԣֿԻǲڵģҶ֮⣬˶ǻ֮Դ
Уǲа
ҶЦȻµ޷ЯΪլȴʺϲˡ
ҶĺԺа֣΢еԵĶﶼԶܣʱëͷץֻˡ
Žһѵһģϵ߽궼ûһҶ̶һ֮оȻ̲סЦĹҳĽ
µȥҶȴҪշУͨ飬ɷķûһǼ򵥵ģһͻ⵽ɡ
ſڵǾʬǣǱⷨģĹûбѹεĺۼЩŴĹͬ޹ûҽĹڴӵġ
Ҷְһ޺ۣĹ֮УŻصĹֱµȥ
ƺоҶ⣬ǰ׵ڵɱҶ
йշľ飬Ҷ첢ûлţҲûκεĵֿǹɷ֮С
׵ڵɷ֮У̺ŨҵɱҶԺжʱֹսĻ棬⽣ӰʬɽѪϵš
һ˿˿ɷҶߣֻҶԪҲ𽥺ЩɷںţֻںµٶȣȴǱշ޺۵ʱ˺ܶࡣ
ȥһСʱҶǰµͻȻһҶϵɷϯأ˵С
ʱµһķûҶʹҲȥͷɷ˽޲𹥻ˡ
鷳շȻķҶ񣬲԰׵Ϲ˺飬Եƣ֮
վԭϢһ֮Ҷǰ޺ȡزϣµǰ
ҶסµĵһᣬڵϵҶƽ̧ǰ
һѪĸоӿҶͷǴӵдεɱȴ޷Ӱ쵽Ҷˡ
Ҷϸϸ±֮ǰȫɾִĥģβԿһֻΩΩФĻͷ
⻬ͷư£У״츣ͷӴ¿ڣһϸеĴо
жɱˣɱ˲飬ǧﲻҵɱУ
شʮصµһɺ鼤ҶУϻµɱǧ֮еΣ̲סĳȡ
Ҷӵǰնȥʱһɾ绮˿Х֮ɼѵ֮УսϾ޿ƥеľ
Ĺ֪˭ĹôһѵԭΪѹĹˣȴû뵽ǧһң
һµҶ켤齥ƽϢֱѾҹˣû̫ʱ
ǲ
ĹߴСһĹ餣ҶΪ򿪹餵Ǽ򵥣µãǰ˰ϢȴǶԹ˵Ĵ󲻾Ϊݵġ
ڹпĴ棬Ҷ쵹ûжȤΪͨӦˣоû˷Ĵڡ
ҿĹ˵ݣȴҪڹѰӡ£һԣжЩ֤ݵڵġ
ˣڱҰɣҶҡҡͷվǲȥ⵹ùĹˡ
˲ôѨأغѶӾˣʬǵǵԱȫҶ첻ȥƻڤڤ֮е⡣
ΧתһȦҶüͷǧ궼û˽룬˺Ĺ餻֮⣬ѳƷûһ
ĹûеõʲôҶ콫Ŀ⿴ߵĲңЩѳ˵ʲôҲ˵׼ء
ײа
߽ѳ֮Ҷŷ֣Щѳˣ϶Ǳɱģܶʬϻûаγĵ
ѳ˵Ҳǲͬģһȫ޳еŮˣһǴŴֲµˡ
ţ˭
Ҷ쿴һʬǵʱ򣬲һ£ΪʬģȻһδ۵¡


267 ʬ
ѵĹҵλǰˣŵδİͼҶðôͷ
ŴΪ˱֤Ĺıܼȫԣֹ˵ĹὫ޽Ĺ͹ȫɱȻʼʮ򹤽ˡ
ԺȻﲻûѳᣬЩ޽ĹˣȴǲڴУĹ޺ˣҲǽ֮ա
Ĺߣڱɱ֮еģҶƶʬǾǵʱλˮˣʮֺġ
ǰĪ֣ͷ䣬ֻصģ
ʬϵƤȻѸȻһŵζҶҲû壬ֱµᲦһǾʬǡ
Ȼˣ
ǾʬǱҶƶʱһ̴ӵлֻԭӦǼ̣ĹɷǧʴѾ÷ȫˡ
ţж
̻֮Ҷ췢֣˴ȹǵĲλƺһźںĶµϵ·
Ⱔ˶ټ
˸಻·ҶʱסˣΪظĹ֮УжʮߣڹŴͱ֮Ϊĵġ
Ҳ֮Ҫɱʱ˼ҵķվ˫ȭѵ֣Ǳɱ
ǿҲһ͢ĶְҶҡҡͷҲ⻰ԼһŽĿ⿴˵ĴȹǴ
˵ĴȸһƴСĺɫ壬ԭӦţƤסģƤⸯ֮ҲͿĹ֮С
ǸУҶµᴥһǸƽ״壬Ȼ˽
ѵµĴ
ҶҲ˲õŵ£彫ȡ˳ţУȻľͷģ
ֺܳûнʸУóľģǼ⻹һɵζ
Ҷһ󼤶ִʽ΢ԼҴ֮⣬ѼˣľＫпܾǵ˵ĴУҶʱһƬȡ
ľеͭŦۻǱõģҶ콫ŦֽӴˡ

ľһľҶϲƳȻѾֽŴˣһЩмֵļأþдؾǵ˵Ĵˡ
ϸ룬Ҷ־ͽ˳ʱˣץŵľĩһ㣬ҶĶΪ˷ɻҡ
⡭ô£
Ҷ쵽ײרҵĿԱĹ֮ıʶİӵĹХ졣
Ҷ첢֪ЩĹǧһ֮רҵĻܿͻḯɻҵġ
һõĹῪʱŹԱؿһŷɫķͽķ紵ʱŷΪ˻ҽ
ģ⡭ô찡
ĸ࣬ҶץȻʱҲµԭȴ֪ʲô취ȥֹϻ
ˣӦܱסЩҶȻһǵʦ˵Ĺ֮δܱĹб
뵽Ҷ΢΢߶µеɷһɼ֮µľиסˡ
ȻҶסľкϻʱֻͣҶٴȥõʱȴǿɬ
ھոն̶̵Ӵʱ䣬ԼһָľȻȫˣҶָȥֻһҽ
ϧˣǸܼӣҶ˿ᣬһ̾ľлҽƮɢĹ֮С
ףжҶĿ⿴ӵײʱ鲻Խ֡ˡΪ֣ľлһ۵ɫϡ
ҶȴûóȻȥץˣһľУһͷųӦĹڵλ
νһǴδյģҪʱĴڣֻʯǰǱȽټġ
ҶĸӦ£ܿͲһ̵طשµĲͬµ˳ǿ鷽שҶ콫һС
һڲϣҶ찵Ըⶫܱסϰɣ
ľи뵽ԼĽҶǾʬǳ
ĳ˵ΪΪΪеǰҶȻˣǾԵӦðʰǺаġ
ҶĹеõټĺôҲǰݴͣʰʬǵĻҲЩ˵ȥġ
Ҷһֽ֮ȸ˺Ǿߵʬǰһݣǰˣ
˲ñдȳҶ콫˹Ǻһ鶼ŵ˿֮Уеԣǲ¸ƳŻ
뿪ˣͷһĹм޴Ĺ餺Ҷŵ˵ʬǺµ˺Ĺңص˵ϡ
˭
ҶոմӵðԴ˯һͷ϶ſݲݵХһҹҲùĵ˹˵Ҷ¡
ʲôС㣡
ʱѾǿ賿ˣдԶׯļٹһᣬϾͻ·ˡ
Ҷ磬
ҶХʱǾϲӣǿҶŵĿȺǰµХ۾Цгһ졣
ȻҶǰģԸ޺Ҷŷ磬ûйҲпͰҶĹ˴ͷٻָԼһġ
۳ȹĹҵģЩﶥ˳ХԶ϶ǿ϶һЩҶȻڿĲĹͳĶǺö
Хɵɵվ﷢Ҷ첻ѵŸﰡʰһ£ʱ䲻ˣҹر
٣Ҷ磬ƺðɣˣҶһ˵ľѹХ죬Ź¾æʮӹǸѾǻָˡ
Х촦õҶҲ·ȻµĽ£˵ʬǰһҳزסˡ
߰ɣҶһµһǰʬǣкХһԼͣĵطȥ
Ҷ磬ҡҰһ£
˭˵Х䵭ģͻĲˣһ˫۾ľû뿪Ҷýɵİ
æðɣҶ죬ŵµݸХ졣
ҿ⡭ôôذ
ԭҶµᣬХûô⣬ӹµʱ˫ȴ͵һ׹ûҵԼĽ档
ôţòͻңҶЦ
ҪҲܿտڰ׻ǱֵĻᣬХæ˵ܣöģ
ХҲǴСģмµڼϺ󣬵ҲܸҶĽŲ


268 ٱ
Űش߰ʮµһ·Ҷ쳵ԵʱХҲ۵ĴڴŴ
Ҷ򿪳ӵĺָˣХʱƽϢҶ᲻ýǰ棬ֵȻǺܰˡ
򿪳ӺţҶ콫ʬǷŽȥֽµ˹
ѵĵԼʮ֣ڰʮңһĶһӣںƺˡ
ﵹܷ£ǰãЩ̫ˣλεĵƸԶ͸
ǰұȻһҶһݣ˳ǣģƳҲûҪˣ
ХҶľٶеĪʱҶס͵ǰһĵжʱ̴˺Ƥǰĳ˳
⡭ҲУХʱɵۣȻоǵ಻Ҳǧӣ֪޳Ǯء
Ҷ֣˺䣬Хһۣû˵Ǹﰡϳ
ϳХæ˸ʻλ˽ȥ۾͸⾵ȴһֱźϵǸ
Ҷ쿴Х˼аЦȴûж˵ʲôһСʱ󣬳ʻ˱
һСʱХڱﲻסˣڰؿҶ죬ںҶҶ硣
ʲô£Ҷһ䣬ǰȴǿǰ·档
Х˿ʵҶ磬ﵽ˳ʲô
Ҷƽ¶ģҶָ˵ķξ˵ҶʲôûķݣХûҿ˵ҪǹĨǵ̽ҶĿڷ硣
ʲô㿴֪ˣҶЦСǲײĲᰡ
ҿɿˣХæӦһعӾȥץǰ
ɣɣôʵ㣬λ¿
Ҷ磬׵ģģһ׼ᱻ˿
Хλ󣬽ǰ˳ǰȵĵط˳ֽҶϵĻ۸⿪ˡ
ǽµĿȥХϻ߶ţʲôԲģţô۰
衭ϣôǸͷ
һ˵ŻץŵĶѾ˳һ֮£Хŵʱϴȥءһײ˳
Х첢ˣûǵܵȥĹ𣿵ȫ޷֮£ץŸͷıӵҲŵһ
ģŻСү
ڹĹַΧѬչˣХ𾪹󣬻侲һͷһֻ־ȥ
ХľٶҶץס˵Ҫ˵ʬǲУӸͷȥͲ¾鷳
ɡҶ磬ôһ˹ͷİ
ХЩĵַһɥ̧ͷһ㶼ûԼеʧ
ǰеǰҲǵõĶݣҸΪ
Ҷ򵥵ĸХ˼䣬ҶĻХȻһʧȴʬǹ࣬ϵ÷ںַŻص˺ϡ
ХľٶҶ쵹ЩڣԼλǰʬŪģһʱ䳵ڵձЩŹ
·վʱХͻȻ˵ҶҶ磬ҡҲȥˣҰɣһɽ
ҶĹֻĵôһʬǣֵǮһûУХȻ̸ʲôˣٺҶ˻ȥҲûǮ;Ծؼˡ
ţΪʲôҪɽҶһ£ӿ·ͣ
ҳˣ裡Х⵹û˵ѻСĸΪ⻹һγôʱ䡣
ҶҡҡͷʵĲô죿ѵ㻹ҪȥĹ
Х켴ʹٶ಻ǣһТҲܽҹȥˣԼСһĺˣҶ첻뿴ԽԽ
ҡʲôᣬȥĹܸʲô
Х˫סһҶǰ¶ԼĴվǸʮ˾ĺӡ
ʲô˿ѪΨģᣡҶһϺȣХĿ
Ҷס˵Х죬͸ȫ㯣֪ԼδʲôӣҲκεϣ
㰡
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ɽɣȻĸңβǮͣҪҹ꣬͵ǻҽҩˣ
ʲôХ͵̧ͷҶҶ磬˵ģ
Ӹȥ֮ХܵĶǰۣûκȥ֮ǰҶʶʱĹƧӡ
ůХ첢ΪҶԼʵҶĻХ컹ΪԼë
ϻæһҹеĵۺ㿪ЦҶûصХһۡ
ǡҶ磬ʲôɰХֻгˣȴļǿģСͲǷ飬ҲԸҶΪԼ
ХҶָƣЦЦ˵Ұֿ˸꣬ȥæɣʱֻҪռͲռұˣ
Ҷƽһֱ˵ҪˣʼҲʵĻƣХͷҶѾ⡣
ХԭڹĹڵģñŶ֪Щǳģŵϰֵﶼѵϰ࣬ôʵĻȥҰ
ХǸТӣ׻˵ТΪȣҶҲΪϵƷʣҲġ
һĴˣҶ첻֪Ͱˣ֪ˣڽҲҪġ
Ҷ磬ҪңԼĹݣХ컹ΪܵģҲЩԱ
˵СôƵİôĥߴԸɣԸ
ҶûĻһ䣬̧Ĵһ£ӶͳһǮƱӣ˵ȥǸľߵŷ⣬Ȼֽ
Ը⣬ԸɰҶ磬ţȥ򣡡
Ȼ֪ҶֽŷʲôʱХ죬Ѿ޴ľϲסˣҶǮҲûӣȾ˳
ӹХֽŷ⣬ҶһֽдԼҵסַХ죬Ȼ֣һֽŤŤд
һ֪ĵĹٱһεĹĹصƽׯ嶫ͷ״
ҶŤ߰˵֣Х첻ɵۣҶ磬ҪʲôҼﻹڣҿɲȥף
Ҷ̧ñХһûһȥһҪŷֽ
⼸ĹŻԽԽⱣҶ֪ȻХӵĹҵ߶ҵĹһЩרҵˣڲ֮ҲѰ
µѾҶȡǼаϢĹ˱Ĺʬǣٱͷ


269 ϴϣ
Ҷ磬дٱţ᲻ᱻ˳ϵĲ
ХﻹЩģϾĹĹģһﲿŵ֪Ļͻܴĺ䶯زҲһ׷鵽׵ġ
ХĻҶЦҡҡͷ˵û£ΪʲôӶư鲻ϵģõġ
½衵ĹϵҶ쾭һЩư飬֪ÿ޷ưľڣ¶ֵĺüңƲ˵İӺȥˡ
Х춼ûκεİף˴Ҳǻ˳סĺùݣͲ¾ȥġ
ȥͶȥɡҶдþٱź󣬽װŷݸХʱ˵עָƣҪˡ
ðɣģҶ֣Х˵ͷָסŷ˳·߲ԶиɫͶ䡣
ʵХ첻֪Ҷ֮Լ־ٱĹһȷʵĹ˲ĹʬǣƷܵõƵıܡ
ڶҶ첢϶ܷľ֮ҵͨٷ˽⵽Ĺ˵ݣһԣشĿŷ֣ǻġ
ХصϺҶʵҪҪɽ˳ĸһӵ
ãҶ磬鷳ģҴĸȥСХ֣һ˵Ҷ磬ҡ費֪ҵĹ飬
ХǸТӣĸ׺үүûȥǰҲǵرȽѧߣĸ֪Լ⹴Хᱻġ
ˣ֪
Ҷ˵ͷӶͳһǮŲһǧңֵݸХ죬˵͸˵ڱ˸öϰ˲סĵطҲĹˣ
ҶլǲʺХĸӾסģҶҵլҲǸĺԺŵķӶأ˵Хм˼סȥҲӵ
лллҶ磡
Ҷ强ĻХ̲ס˳ֲ˰ᣬ˵Ҷ磬ˣģȥһúøɵģ
Х˳˳;վҶ췢˳ʻȥһֱ˸ٽ뵽ؽҶ˸ƫƧû˵ĵطƸ˹
֣ôûȥ˼԰
ҶûլӣǽֱӿԼĺԺĳ˭֪մͨԺţͼϰһƵվ⡣
СӣѲһӾ죬ҲҪһ°
ѵ˶һͨҶƽԼ˴һıʱ۾Բˣ˵ȥˣôѳ̣ˣ
ҶƽܹˣʲôĲǺܽųϳƽʱҲ۳ŶӸʱһ
֣ЩǮȥˣ⳵ɣ
ҶСƤʵѹںϰַԹԵش˺䣬ץסµĵһ飬ǰѹɢźıҶƽǰ
⡭ģ
ӱϷж˰ѵҶƽжֱˣ־ץȥúðһ
֣Сĵ㣬ⶫ߰ʮأСҵ˽ţҶһϰ֣˵ϡ
ôأ
ҶƽŰѵһ£϶ʱɫҲʮ׳ˣֻܿ⵶Ҫ˵Ӷһ£붼ġ
öͷΪͷ¿ڣ̻ᣬ˵һɱ
ȻǰԸӦԪҶƽҲ֮ܲɢĺ⡣
ϸ鿴һ֮ҶƽӣʵҶ죬⵶ЩͷˣӦƳĴصȫƷģ
ƷǹжһƷó̶ȵϱ׼Ҷƽ˵ȫƷָ࣬ľȱû˿覴õƷ
Ҷ쵹ûϰ֣Ц˵Ĺģ֣ǰլԺڼʲôСҲҽŵġ
㵱û¹ĹᰡĹƷࣿ˵ʵǮģ
ҶƽԶӵ˵֮ԱǣΪܱضõĹĹܲˮڣʱԼƷʴճĶԲƷġ
ҶƽӦ˭ҵıӸƵϵġ
ߴߴߴߴ
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ҲҶ첻֪ǨЩèԭȰĳǺõģȴǶ˱˵Ĳ·
׻˵˲·ɱ˸ĸЩĺļһȻưոݵģ˵ֻǸˣ߹٣ЩҲеġ
Ӵϰ壬ɫѽǵϰģס䣬ֵܿסһĲ
Ҷҧгݵʱ򣬲űˡ۵һŸ߿ˣͷȾŻëСŸ˽


277 Ѫ
Ӱʮĩʱ۵Ӱڴ½ʮֵУںܳһʱڣ۵ӰĴţΪڵʱеķˡ
СġӢ۱ɫһӳʱʹڵغܶеĴϣһҹ֮ŷ´ī⽫ͷ̳ˡ
ھʮЩӰ۵ӰɾǹŻˡ
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279 ߹ݣϣ
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280 ߹ݣУ
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쿸磬ˣˣ
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281 ߹ݣ£
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ʲô˵Ļ󣬷Ѻ͵վǰӡһƿˣƾŵĶǡ
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٣Сӣ˵ʲôأſԭվ죬ͻȻХĻʱһƵΧ˹
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282 вܣһ
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ҶĻХ۾һ֮ǰɸιУȥԼһ˵Ҳûкдˣܶߵˣ֪
ХҲԶһ֣ȴǱ̣ĲᣬֵĴ֪ٻ˶٣⡰ĹҲôġ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ǰʦȥݷùݵһ˼ȭңȭģȭ֮󣬾Ȼ˰ҵ겻Ķ֡ˣԺѹˣܶԶͶԶǧҪͶԷ֡
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˻֮ʱÿһҪͰԪ
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ܲܺסްı׼ХȻޣ˰֣ԶԶֵġ
ҶϵݷõˣԪһʱԪ˺ҶУҶʵսҶʱʮ꣬ȫ˵Ķ֡
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Х컰δͱҶˣóӣҶ˵ǾһңҶĳͽһλѲɰ»ݾô͵𣿡
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ֹס֮׳ӹӿһۣҶһ֣˵λ룬ʦڣСʱܻʦֵֽһɷ񣿡
׳Ȼ˵úܿϸ޿ޣеŭҲֱϴܡ
Ȼҵֻж̶̵ʱ䣬ͱ˹ϵʮֺãĶΪĺڶ࣬߹ݵ飬ǵһ
Ҷ˫Ͽһۣ˵ǴͶʦѧɰƣѧİưɣ⼰ڣҲ˼ֻ򡣡
Ҷܿó˫ִ׳Ƥһ㣬ֳһɺɫɰֳֻģ
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䳿ҲݵĴʦ֣ƽʱĶڵʱݶģӴҶҲǲ
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֮Ҷ۾һһĺԺĽģԷǰԺԺ֮ĴŶˣγһܿԺӡ
Ժмĵ棬ʯש̾͵ģڳ䣬ܶשͷѿˣԵЩݲƽ
ԺӵߣűܣŴﵶսǹаزԵȡ
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ЩһʲҶ˵ͷݵеӵģдеգһ治ôŵġ
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ЩƽʱڵӵӰ￴ЩƬǵ⽣ӰҲҪϼʮغϲֳܷʤǰһУȴ˶סˡ
ʵಫֲǴѹûеôÿץסһƵУǸַ緶
ǰ˼ȭ䶯ʵ࣬ʹңطʽͷ硢⡢֡β衢ϥ˸λǿɱʤ
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λĶھҲ¶֪λ˱ĳòԵĵط
ĶƢ𱩣ڽμѰԸĥԲˣȻʱŭ߳㣬ǰսġ
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284 Сӿ
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Ķһ£̶ŭȻʲôˣػǶģʮ꣬Ҿû۸ͨˣ
񰲵ϱˣһǿ塢ΪּģԴҲ˽̵ġ
Ķ书ǴСϵùģּҲνǣڱǵʱҲ඼ǺһЩǴܡ
֮Եڶγ÷ˮһǰټû˸Ҷ⵷ңǴӲˣȦá
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ĶʸڷϣҶЦһ˵㲻ҲգǾͰߣֵ¼ɣ˸ӮٺֱԴ
ʵҶ۴üëڳŨܣһ˫۾ͫӨ࣬ڰ׷鷸ƵСˣѾˣǷֱ͵ȴ˵ɡ
ҶţǸзѺ쿵ļһ϶ĶЩԨԴʹһὲҲδؼþͻġ
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Х조򡢼룬϶꣬һ׶̴ù򷢻ӵ쾡£ð˼ȭľ裬֪ĶҪ֧Ųȥˡ
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ûҵ֣ѵӢͼЩǰĺˣһ£ἰļǺİ˼ȭǰ
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Ҷ˰ֹ֣סѾȭӵХ죬˵Х죬㲻Ķ֣ɣ
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Ҷô󣬹ҲȥģԷоЩдˣҲҶĹ䵽ʲô
ûճڣҶҡҡͷ˵㱲ֱҵͣҪáҲӦ㣡
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Ҷ˵ʵڷĶоͲôˣڱеλߣȴǱһС˵ȥԻᱻ˳Цġ
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һҲͷģõǰ˼ȭȷеġߡǡв࣬Ųϥ
ߡļȻɵȷɱȴǿ߰ƻֵĽģòǿľĴﵽԷЧ
һŵֻ֣˫ûʲôԹˣֻǰҶҲͰˡ
ߣúã
ԷȷҶ۾һ΢΢̧ȴӭȥһϰͷȴԶԷȹ


285 ָ
ԼСȽҪߵҶʱ򣬷ĽȻһ࣬߸Ϊ˹Ҳǡߡص㣬ʹɾ
ʱҶҽѾ˳۳žҪסʧȥĵʱҶҽͻȻӿǰߵٶȣֱĴڲȥ
һٶȼ죬ұб˳䲻⣬˭û뵽ҶȥһţȻͻȻת򣬱Ϊˡ
ҿղֻʹȥδϣߵһջ̧СȵסҶͻһߡ
顱һ𣬽ڳĺܶ˶۾ԭΪҶᱻڵأȴû뵽֮ȴǷ˼סΡ
һԤıһʱеηأǷΪһ˼ȭʦǳŵصҲûȵס̣Ҷߵˡ
ãڳһХؽк
ХҲѧ˼ȭģȻܿһŵŵһȻʽ򵥣ͻȻ˷ʤХ϶ƽ⡣
ҶȴͬӦ죬ͷϵСɹ򣬶һʮᣬƵ÷зأһ˵С
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Щдʱ򣬴඼õһУڽ죬ȴǱҶ赭дظƵˡ
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ҶĻ󣬷һݣղȻսŲִ٣Ҳ߷ֵĹȴû뵽ҶȻֻԼ˳Զ
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һȭҪԶХ죬һϺ֮󣬰˷ۣ֣ͨӲ䣬˫ۼ籩Ҷ
˼ȭǸȭڷʹһǽ㡣
ʦȥ֮󣬷⻹ǵһʹȫ˶֣Ҳӣû˿ıȫչ˳
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ҶƺͷȭŽӴġžžм仹ŷķԵЩ졣
˶Ǽ죬ڳĶХ֮⣬˸û֮䵽˭ռϷ硣
ĶһĿɿڴ㵲ѵģݵĵҲ³˼֣òʦλѣûռʲôơ
ʵͬǲ˿̳еķеѾ޿ɸˣζû뵽ϣȻ˫Ųһ˫֣ͽԼ⼲籩ĹƸ
Ҷ˫ƺһճԣÿںԼȭཻʱĶһͣҲ޷ȥкüηΪͣҶǣء
ԽԽľΪĿǰΪֹڽҶֻǱ÷أ͸Լ޲ߣ˵ĶԴֱʦͽιһ㡣
һ̤뵽֮еȭʦżʹǰ֣Ҳ޷⵲סԼⷬƣǴԼҶ쾹Ȼ˫ŶûŲһ

һԾ뵽˷ԺУ쳣ΪʦһҲûż
ǰ꣬ǽ뵽˴˵еĻ磬Ǹ赭дؾͻȭƵġ
뵽ʱ亹ֱðȭһվֺˣû뵽ǣҶ˫ϵճƺͻȻǿˣԼ嶫ᣬҲ޷Ƶסˡ
Χ۵˴ʱѾǿɵۣղȭȻ˵ĶɷǺÿ˭֪ͻȻ֮ҡҰǺ˾һ㡣
ȻЩ书ûң˭ƵóͲҶĶ֣֮Ĳһ꺢Ӻʮ׳һ㡣
ˣ۸ˣʡʦڵ¸ʦ״˵۸
ҶȻЦЦһұۣ˰ȦӺһ˽ҲҶһƶ˽Ų
Ҷһз壬ͻȻתһת߰Ȧ󣬷ǿƿס塣
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գзһȣԭߵȻ˿˿Ƶıָջصڡ
΢΢۾ھߣղĵƺ˲Ͳ˻һ
ڵһ٣ֱ֮ӳǰĿȻĶѿžž类ӳһ㡣
뵽ˣ¶ϲɫڰıԵѾʱˣû뵽Ȼڴʱͻƣ
ʦҡʲôʱܽ밵
ȭƷ磬ԱߵХһĽżûء
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ҶЦ˵˼ȭĹȷҴĹ򣬶ʱϸ΢ʲôʱշʱܺסǿҲͽ뵽ˣ
Ҷ쿴Х츳ͻȷҪǿٱʮŽ밵ХֻҪԼԺסϸһ꣬ʮа˾žܴﵽԷڵľˡ
ҶĻХ˫۷Ź⣬ص˵ͷ˵ʦһŬģ
˵ĶԻھ޴ϲ֮еķҶһۺ󣬷΢һ£˹
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286 
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ҶЦЦؿŷӶԷ֮ҶһֱûͨԼ֣ܺóȻϳԼ
Ҷǰ׾͸ϳģ
Цһ˹ˣ˵ǸʮСкб
Ҷ컹Ǹӵʱ򣬾ܺʦԹӶ·磬ʵս٣δؾͻᱻʦһߡġ
ʱڳķЩʦֵǣǿɵۣȵҶʦͽ뿪󣬶ʱ׷׷ǵŵ֪Ԫڽб֮ߣǿԺǹĲеġ
ΪĵͽͽǺҶһʦүΪȻɴвͬƺһǰҲ㹻ˡ
Ҷ쿴˷һۣ˵ս밵ȥһʱ䣬ܰǰ˸ҪȻȵʮʱ㻹ⲻ˻Щģ
ȭˣ϶˵һǧ˰˰٣жٶЩʱ򿴲ǵȵѪ˥ǻᣬͻᱬˡ
˼ȭ͵ȭȻҲǼģ⼰˰ǿͨЩ
ллǰҪҽżء
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ǰˣұǸߣƲϸǰ֡
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ûʲôʵģʦҲҳƺӺΪʦֵġ
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ҶĻ󣬷æ˵Сʦ壬ǲǺʲôᰡ֪ȻƢ˵㣬Բ֮
ʦźĶĸ׹ϵǳҲʶʮˣҶղŸԼЩӣҲмˣ˫ìܡ
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Ҷ쿪żɽ˵иѽֻǸͨˣ˸ˣҾָ˵ġ
ʵҶѾˣԺĶϵ󣬵Լڵ߹ݣһҪռסġ

Ķһ£һ˵ǰںͬڿݣز𣿡
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ĶʱײﻹмΪ֪ǰ°ӱ˾ˣǾһЩ˽ɵġ
Ѻ˰ɣҪнӶǱߵĲḲ̌ûӦѺ쿾˸ףסԺ㲻˵ûϵɣ
ҶľˣǷѺʱ򣬿ǿڿĶŵġ
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ҶҪ˵ҲΣѺ˵ʲôͷҼӱкĶҲ̬ȡ
׻˵ֻžţһԷԵķҲ̨£ҶһЦ˵ǻ³çˣ㡭
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ҶõλϺȻ˶˲赹ˮԭŵգʱͻ
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ҶԷĶֱӺֵģȴƺ䳿һ֣ҲǱĸˣ䳿æ˵ллҶ䳿ѧղֲХֵܵġ
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ߵǰ˵һ仰ͿϵҶ죬϶ʱ¶־µı


287 ϣ
ǰϵ˾ȻҶ죬ͫ׶Ȼ˲٣ֱǸ˰̣Ҳ̲סʹ
ȻѾȥ˿ʱˣʱεʱȻǸЦĴѧ
ȻҶɷȻǱԼӹ˵ġ
ʶҶ
ĶĻ󣬲ֵؿһۣ˼ȻʶҶΪʲôҪԼĳӰ
ȿȣ磬⡭ǰҶֵһ档ɲǰνֵ飬˵ʱһ˫۾Ҷ¶˿ɫ
Ķ˵ģڱ˾СҲǸܣ공ӷҲˣɲƽΪ¶Ķɨسŵġ
ʲôֵܣҶүĶ۾һɣҶʦ壬СӺֵܲռǱ
ͽҶɣô֡
ҶҡҡͷĶĻʵ磬ǸѺ쿵ô°˵˵ɡ
Ҷĳƺһæ˵ҶүҿɲҵƺСУ
϶ҶļҽеӵˣûϴǱϹϾ
Ҷûǰ£Ҳ
˵ЩûõģѺ£ûʲôɣ
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ĶĻԩСؿĶɫŽ˵ҶүҸղȥѺǲǨ˾һˣµСҽԺڹ˾Ѿˣȫ˾þڶĲץġ
˾ͺ;Щϵ뾯ȥƿΣҲʶһЩǷ־ֵˣղһȫˡ
ģ֪˵ǸöȻ׷۶մˡ
˵ǸëΪµɱΪĶİ𣬶Ʒ˺ҲΪʹ޵Ķ
ʡЩɹˣó˾ȻôۣҶе˲١
ҶﱾҲЩֻëҽԺΪΪ˵ļڿ֮⣬ƷƺҲǺҪһء
Ѻ쿱ץǳҶϣҲ΢оЩͷۡ
Ҫ˵ԷѺȫĻڻĪھˣҶ챾ٴҲû취ȥ˵ġ
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Ҷ˼ʱ򣬶ͻȻĶĻҲĺˣ걻˵˼ָԼôһλǲү
ڱǵĺǶϰնԵģԽϵˣүҲǸݲӣ⼸һЩعС͵Сˣ֪˶١
¶ͲͷˣҴӦҪһظȷѺ쿳ȥˣ
ҶҡҡͷܾĶ飬һǸ˵ðţʵǶԲҲȥ
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ҶûХȾƣԼǱƸɣһȦ׾˶ǣɫ΢֮⣬Ҷıƺޱ仯
书ɲ⣬ôãҶһӴбøߴ
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ҶХصլӵʱɫѾȫҶϰִкХᵽԼǱȥˣĸҶ÷ţǲХ쵣ĵġ
ХסĺԺ˷ܵľҪѩѩˣƽʱ϶һ￴ӣ¶סˣҲˣХԺ˵Ż
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ȻǸǱץ˾ҶҲȫް취ӹ뵽֮ʹõֶҲ˲١
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ڷҶͻȻоһסκһҶ첻ϣһֻʹù˵ıס
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÷Ѻİ칫˸ܾӣ˸˿Ϲĵº󣬷ӦֶһȴҶ쵱Ӻһѧġ
ƽʱҪд˵ԵʣѺ쿵İ칫һǱȽģҶҲûƣŴ¹ǴѰ
治Ǹ񣡡
ڵϲЩһЩԶ̵ë⣬мŮͷҶװͷϵֽϢ˳˰칫˾


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صĺԺѾʮˣХѩѩѸԽ˯ˣǰӭҶģֻгԺתƵëͷ
ȥԸȥٸٽҶ콫վԼͷëͷ˵ϣһȻ͵ģҲС
סƽľ󣬵ëͷڣҶĺԺûһֻֻΧЩĺԺˣҶܹȥǱѡ
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ԴҶµëͷÿ춼˯ڵ棬мαŵ˯˵һ׼µ˯ġ
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Դͷԣ֮ҶûµҲϲ˼԰ˣЩʷƾõĹ治ȤҶĿ궼һЩδʯԭʯ
ֻ˼԰඼ǳ۳Ʒģ˳ԭʯҶΪļ飬˴Ǯһġ
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Ѻ쿵ĳǲһ˫üȴƻͣë࣬ɱͳԻԼͣö̰ɱ˼֮ҲƣëֱԺݡ
ҷѺ۸⣬˫۾׶񣬼̰ɣԻ֮ġ
һʮʱᴺ⣬ʮʮ֮䣬ȴһ٣ܶȥȣܲȥĻͽɥ֮ʱ
ŷѺ쿵ƬһᣬҶҡҡͷǿȭͷԴһʯһ޺С
Ҷ췿ʮרĿ̵ʹҲҪ޺˳֣Щ̵ȴ޷һɷ֮ע뵽Կ̵֮С
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÷Ҷ콫ֽеļ˿˷ϣȻŷĿмֺͷѺ׼Ƕˡ
аһҶĥ֪̥֮емЧ
Ҷ׼õеС֮С˸һйͬȴǿԶ˻ǣǧ֮ġ
ͬ۽ڡ
ѷѺ쿵ϺҶĬĬҶĻһ֮˷֮С
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ҶһϺȣ˫ָһָͬʱָȥʯһ㣬Ȼϵķ޻ȼ
ҶֶκͰƹϵļǲͬϼһûѧҩķȼģҶʵʵȼķ
ŷȼգһɼ޵ϢӰɷ֮У뵽ʯʯɫ֮˼֡
֪⵽׺òðʯڴҶƣҲ¶˷ܵɫ
Ҷõ̥йʵϸ˵е置ʮа˾Ҳתġ
׳йʷǺܾԶġ
ԭʼʱʶ֪ʶȽ٣ȻĴס硢ɽ緢Ϊĳڷŭϻ̳Ͽ֣һˬͽֻϡ
ԭʼͰĳЩΰݣΪǾЩĻЩܱɵģҲɴ˶ˡͼڳݡ
ݵĹУôˣʶоȻõ֮һЩȽЩ˾ͳΪ˲ǳϡ
ʵ飬Щ𽥵ر淶ͳΪȴβġ
ֱܳʱ׺ҽŷּңֱһЩƫԶʱԻʦͨβ
ߡߡռΡ񼪵Ԥ⼪׵ķһ̥غ֮ȴǸĳΪ
ҶղʩչǴ֮ݻģҵѺ쿵ͷȻطȡ뵽֮С
ҲͳΪҶġСˡ置֮еֽ˻йŴ͢ЩԹС˵һģͨ䣬Ԣ˴ѡ
ھһͨѺŶʮˣЩ˶Ѻʱʮ죬ԹҲȽɢ
˿ҿλϣΧŰ˾ŸˣǷѺһǰƿ׾ƺһЩռ±ˣȵĲֺ
ڹѺʱֻ̣ҪǮԵĺȵĳĶ涼򵽣Ȼ۸ҲһĹһϺһٿļ۸
ģëһǸϵľѸ缸εˣ
Ѻµͷƴִһӹ˰ƿ׾ƺ˳ֽƿӶżڼһǵ˹ȥʲôүѾӣүһھƺȣ
ⱻˣһǷӣΥΰģҲᱻصԶһȺɷڲϵЩˣǸŭԡ
£ȵĴ죬ȳȥ˶ұܱܷͷ
һֱͷȾƵķѺֹ̧˴Դӱߺ͸о¶ƺЩԣ˵ͷʼѹһӰ
쿸磬ҪЩӣʮô
ҡҡͷֲǵһνˣѵһЩʵʲôֻҪˣĹ̶ܽùܡ
ĸҰ㣡
ѺѹƲͷĻŴͺһ֮󣬿⼸ˣ˵⼸춾Ҫ˵ʱǰкҪȻǼҪ͵䶾ȥ
˷Ѻ쿺ʹ֮⣬µЩСܶӣҪ滹ð죬ھ϶ᱻ֪ġ
磬û£̵סʵڲñӸҰһСĵ˵ȴȫȻ˶񫷢ʱײϵģ
ֵܣȳȥ쿸ȥ϶ȼȥģ˵ǵطҹ·վĶС㡣ѺСܵļ򣬶ʱ˵嶼˼֡
ӴѺ쿻δ䣬ұͻȻ͵һݺݵسǸСܵϡ


289 £
ǸС§ұ֮еʱ䲻ϰһƣһƾ󣬽嶼ڵϷ
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һƳκСſ³ݣߵغ
ҡҵ֣ҵֶˣ
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쿸磬ôˣѺĴǰһѱס
ҵ֣ҵֺˣۡˣ
Ѻɫƣĺ鲻ϴӶͷµţղŴСһƵұۣ˿شǰȴһˡ
쿸磬ö˶˵ô
ϴһʹӣΧߵСܾЩͷԣƺȵĺúõģϴôͶˣĪǸղһƳ̫ݣ
һƵС̲סԼ׵ӣҲİܽϴָ˰ɣ
ۣģ˰ȥҽԺˣ
ʱķѺ쿣оõӸһ㣬ǹɾʹ˹ȥ̲סصڼ֮С
һŽ߷Сܸ˵ϣ㣬ȥ̣ܽ
ܲ˰
ǸСܵسҴŵʱ򣬷Ѻ쿿һҽУԭұ۵֣ͻȻݺݵһȭǰϡ
ѺǰЩĶʱҲÿʯģʮˣڵЩСûһĶ֡
һȭʱꡱһȴǴıǱˣѪӴǿ״Ⱦϵİ׳˺ɫ
󡭡磬㡭ǸɡʲôѺһȭˣ˰֮ס˳
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ѺڵĶʵ̫ˣûСܵſڣ̵ܽˣص˶ˣʲôĶУЩӶ񫷸˵ʱڵıỹء
ţȥҽԺ͡ȥҽԺ̵ܽĻ󣬷Ѻ쿴˫۴ӵͳ嵽˼ҵſڣͷײš
̱ܽѺ쿵ķŵ˺üѵ㡭ʲôʮͻǣԽɣ
ȥԽˣȥҽԺҴֹ룡
Ѻò˫ֻ֣ƴͷװţͷϵѪϣӣһ㡣
ţţҽȥ룡ѺٳѪܽҲ
Ѻͷײֿ꣬ʼýſڴģ㿪ţҪˣ
Ǽ㰴סǶ񫷢ˣܽѺ쿵Ļ󣬷ˣ񫷢˶ӣֻҪŹ⾢Ҳͺˡ
쿸磬̣̰
һְ˽ŵĽѺ쿰˵ϣ缸ҲأϴղŻ˵Ƕ񫷢ʱ̣ôȴҪҪأ
ģſңſңˣ
˵ϵķѺᣬȻһʹĵʹ֪ȻĽ˸ƿڵϴ
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ŰģҴ粻Ƿˣ
ѺͨϴŹȴǳ嵽űϣŹ̴֪ܽѺǴմƷģ϶бԭ
СӣŪ˭أǿ°ĭӣǷô£ܽûĻһ䣬Ҫǿ⼸һﻨǮ󷽣ѵһ١
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ŷѺ쿵Դײ˼ǽһˤڵϵһѪĴɽѺ쿵ĲҽҲֹ֮Ъסˣ˳żǽ˵ϡ
Ϊ˷ֹܣļҺͿһģǽıɶʵĵˮཽģѺͷȥײżʯͷ
˵ϵķѺ쿣ͷǹǾͱײˣѪ׵Խ˳ͷһأûȫʧȥ֪壬ʶĳ鴤š
ԡɱ
ĹܽҲɵۣôû뵽æűߵľ˲õƻͨפ侯ҲжӸˡ
ģôĹ򣬲֪׳ɲɰ
ԶڼʮǸĺԺҶҲһͷ󺹵̱˵ϣԭϵǸ񣬴ʱȴǱòƲȫˣԴһ롣
ûҶĹ򣬲ʹ߶ʱȴľҶȫĹ
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趼ǰմģɹҶҲ޷жֻܽϵʯмɨһ£Ȼϴ˯ȥˡ

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ڶһʱҶʹӼ˼ӣ˸ʿֱǷ־ֵľſںͿŵϴү
ôľҶҲǺ治ѣһҹû˯ãչ˰˵㣬͸ϵ˾
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ŵϴү˸ǷǿݷƸģԭСӹòȴǱڻˣһҹû˯Ⱦ
ҶŸñӣͷ˵ү˽зѺ쿣Ҹʹ
ѡѺ쿣
ͷһʱסˣѿڶСɱ˰ʬڶ͵ҽԺ̫ƽȥˣ
ͷδ䣬ֵ߽˸ˣһؿͷ˵˵ʲôأҪ˵飬Ҳϸɾˣ鶼֪
⿴ɱοǲСģҪ쵼Ҫ׷ΣһİȫҲˡ
㿴ⲻ˵˳𣬷ǼҲ֪ġ
ͷʸϣû˵£ת˵СӣǸзѺ쿵񫷢ɱˣأղСأ
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ģôôŹְѵ⿴ֹ˲ѽ
ͷʶ㣬ʱҲ̲סһļƤ˾ЩΣղСӸĹ찡


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Ҷϴξ𣬻ǰϵɵģû뵽䷴֮Ȼˡ
ַɼգϢоҶľͻ˻żҪԴˡ
ؼһһĶ춨ԼպǾʩչᱻġ
Ҷжһ˿η壬ȳɽʱСĽ˴ιͻ֮飬ȷʵе޼ɵġ
ļգҶ춼ĺԺ֮еľ
ڼݷҲҶܾˣֻͨХ˼仰֪밵ЩԸ̵ġ
Ҷ첻֪ݷҪĶ˼ΪҶ߹ݵĵڶ죬Ķ͵õϢ˵Ѻھɱˡ
ͷѺʶһʮĶ֪Ѻ쿵Ϊ˵ģǼһթϧǲɱģ͸ŲٵĹ졣
Ķ϶Ҷͨ죬ͨ˾ˣѺһɱļ²Ķһ֮࣬ҲԼûеҶ졣
ԴӷѺɱĵڶ죬ĶµһЩС죬ӵ֪֪ͨڱǳ˸ǵЩҶ֪ˡ
ĺԺǽ̬ԪҶһڣľ޸ϣ̽һ˿
壬ôˣ
ҶڳѩѩҩţҶȥһȴطԼϰ֣վĺԺſڡ
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պӴһЩʵϰ飬ӵ绰ûСʱ͸ϵĺԺҶϰֵ̭ɣɿ˴ķʻȥ
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ڳϣѩѩؿ·ߵˣۿǿôгģڵһжԶġ
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ǱˣСѩ˵ַҪӳҶƵģһҪһǧءЦŸҶһ
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291 
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ĩҲǽڼգе˲࣬ڰɣͣڳ֮Ҷźѩѩ˽ȥ
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һܵʦĶѬĿȾҶձ嶼ܷУŶջҲôð
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֪ӦʲôרӪɣϺҲûҡҡͷܳĵ棬֮ҲԶԶġ
ѩѩҶһԻӣ˵Ҷ磬֪4S꣬еģ
4SꣿģҲûĸSҶһ£ɵĵſ˰죬˱ı־֮⣬ûй4S
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ɣ߰ɣҶ˵ͷŶӲ߳4S꣬һⷿſڡ
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⾭ǰ£ȥɣҶѯζӵʱһԱҴææ˽


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վŶǸ˵ѩѩһۣݺݵ˵СѾͷûʲô£ݵһվ
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Сӣվסģү𣿡
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Ҷܿǰͣһ־࣬ƾԣ϶ԼƴģǾ˵Ͷ̥ãһͥ
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Ҷ콫ҪתʱͷƤȻһ飬Ϊڵϵ˾ȻͳһǹڶǹָԼġ
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ͬʱҶִǰҸһһۣ˼־еǹͻˡ


293 ˺
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ô˵Ҳԭģ˼־Ȼڻĺܲ⣬ǾǸȦˣҲвٳġ
ȦڵĵǶִܣǲܣҪǱ˸ˣͻЩ鷳⻰ҲҶġ
֪ˣ磬ǲһ㲻𣿡
ҶЦҡҡͷԹǣϵľǹٸʹǿһҵʱ򣬾ͻԵޱСˡ
ҶôһӣҪǸҸɳ飬ԼһĲ˵»ۼˣҶǻ˼־ûʲôð취
ˣһͷپģҶֵܣǹ򳵵ģҶһ֮󣬺Ͳ˻⡣
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;Ͳˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵磬Ԥһ·֪೤ʱᵽֳ
·ҶĻ󣬺ɫЩ죬˵ǲǹʰ˼־Сӵģ


294 ͨϣ
磬⻰ô˵ģеûϲ鷳ǣ
ĻҶЩ죬ԼŮѱ˵ϷԼⶼҪȥĻҲ߯Ǹˡ
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Ц˵ôɣСռɣûͬ⣬ǰ˼桭
ԭڿ4S֮ʱ򣬻˼־ͶǮռЩɷݣԭͲȱǮ˻˼־
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ҶѩѩͨȻ̲С˵ｲôգҲױ˴ţХػԺҶܷĵĸƾ
ڶһ磬ҶʹѩѩķУѩѩȥЬҶ콻ѩѩһܻоЩǧҪгһҪסȻǿɾͰ׷ѹ˰
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ҪѩѩľͱʮĸѨλһһͨʹ֮ЭȻС


295 ͨУ
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˵Ų£ѩѩϵıѾȫˣҶֱλε룬ѩѩû촽ҧѪ
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Ҷ첢Ϊѩѩƹ͵ĸоų˯ȥ
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ʮӵʱ򣬴ϵѩѩͻȻһʶʹ˯Ҳܸܵӽϴޱȵĸо

ԶХѾſվ˰СʱˣҶѩѩͨʱҪԵİү⡣
ﴫХЩֵ˵үүѩѩôôְ
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ѩѩȴǻʮ꣬ڵֱһɿݵϪҶ첻Ҫͨʹ˳תѶȺֹʮ
ҶҵģǰŵģԶҲЩ˼ڰ˵Ҷ죬⡭ˡ
ϻˣһβѩѩĲҪ¡
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ʵҶһ㣬ûԪܽԶһȻǲŹġ
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Ҷ˵İҰɽΣʹڹŴǴ˼ģܼģϴλ˰˰ٶһ֧ˡ
ãʮݵҲպã㿴ɡ
ҶҲ֪Լǿˣָָ˵иҩҸĶͨ㰴ŷӰҩץɡ
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ҶĻԶҲûϻҩתȥˣХպôˮݣȴҲҶɫһ
ϴ˰ҶںԺԺԪһ֮ĵѾǾָˡ
ҶЩ㵵ǣ˾ϸоЩƣ֮⣬ƺ֮ǰӾһЩ
ڽ뻯֮Ҷ͸оƾԺеԪô񣬲ԼôĹͣͲǰˣ˴˹Ȼоһ˿
ΪԼĴҶڹָ֮ϾָѩѩͨڶѨλһСʱͬϴһƣҶ죬Ժлָ
٣ȻЧҹĻٺҶĹҲָ˹
ﵽ񾳽Ҷ첻ʶһЩԤ֪ԤԤеı죬ͬʱԼ˵̽ϸ΢κһ΢Сı仯ܸоġ
ѵԼܽ뵽ľ磿
ϸ΢ı仯Ҷﲻ룬ǵеƿԹв˴ﵽ
Ͳһˣ˵ֻڵҵ伮ֹǴﵽ־ˣһǰշĿɽ漶Ǹ˾ˡ
˰ɣСѾͷĲκðɣ
Ҷҡҡͷȥѩѩҩȥˣͨҩƣһȱٵġ
µʱܿ͹ȥˣԭȲѩѩ˿ֱ̼һˣԭһߣ㳤һ壬ݵҲ÷
ڸѩѩ֮ǰҶ캰Х죬ԸХ죬ĺԺĵբڴŴţ˭ܷŽ
ҶҪѩѩͨһѨѨֻҪѨλһͨѩѩͳͨˡ
ѨΧڶ࣬вͻ˵ԣҶ첻˿Ĵ⡣


296 ͨ£
Ҷ磬ܲ˯𣿡
ڸƵŴϣѩѩһؿҶ죬ȻѾ˴룬ҲʼŮˣѩѩԸǰǰ㽿
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ûСѾͷҶ־ʹԺһֶĹҶѾʹ¯ˡ
ѩѩɲ֮Ҷ׼õľſʯЩʯǳԲΣҲͨʯͬǵһЩͼ
ЩҶ컨ů񣬾ļӹġ
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νůʵеһ֣ɫʸ֬Ը˵ĸоһů֮С
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Ҷ콫ſʯֱվŹλѩѩߣһֽŹ󷨡
󷨿һʱڣѩѩľѹסҶ֮ͨھɷڶ࣬ʧľ档
ں󷨺ҶվڴͷһָͨԪΪ۵һʯָȥͬʱкȵŹ󣬿
ҶĶϺǾſ󷨵ʯͻȻһƬӨӨĻɫ󣬽ѩѩ嶼
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ĪˣҶһ£룬Ӵһ˿
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ҶҲ˾󾢣ʮѨͨˣһˣʣһͨ
ǰҶһСʱܰľڶո΢ǳСʱҶȻЩġ
СʱȥˣҶϵĺˮཬ㽫ȫ·͸ˡ
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ÿʱ򶼻εԶ˿ҲסˣХ˴Ŵֻһż߶š
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ҲգˣҶָٶԼӿһЩӴ룬ͨ뵽ѨС
ҿҶĵ׽ĺУķѨͻȻˣѩѩϵҲǳױͨˡ
ڷѨ忪ͬʱѩѩڣһɺȻʼУ̫ѨΪֱۧѭӾ뷢ʣضա
ѭתѩѩڵľܵһ˿ΣԭѹƵɷ֮Ȼ͵ı
ҶʱѾγ˽룬ѩѩȻָơ
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׻˵֮䣬ǹ;ֹģǴԣ桢תĹϵ
ʱѩѩڵľھ֮ͬ΢ɲת䣬ǹɷϵرš
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⻹࡭Ҷ첻صԶһۣ˵ȥХ캰ɣѩѩҪСʱѡ
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ХҶÿβѾˣԺ˵ʦи㣬Ǹжŷɵͷ˵м£ѾСʱˡ
ХҶʱȽ϶̣ûмŷɣԾͰλŴиˡ


297 ޷
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ҶĺԺԪԣɲ˾֪ԶҲ˼ΣĺԺеδȥ
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ҶѩѩϱסҶһ첲˵Ҷ磬лл㣡
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ƣЦôҶŤͷû˵ѩѩǱ̻ġ
ȡȿȡ
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ˣȥɣǱߵ㲻Ҫǣġ
Ҷ˵ͷ޷Ľ룬ǾеĽˣŷ𲻵˿á


298 תս
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ҶһˣͲʲô޷˵޷ʦšɳʦҶҲᷢġ
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299 
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Ҫַ֪ɻȫֻʮܣǷɻۼ۾͸ߴǧԪ⻹ɻװΣȫҪǧԪҡ
˰һܷɻԶоȻǸһ㣬ھҪ͸ˣɲ⼸λƯСǷˡ
ˣɻ͸ңҲģ˰ɡ
ҶҲע⵽վǿսı飬˵ʱȴûֱӳƺԶΪˡ
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Ĳ˵ԶƽʱеʱߵĹжҪǵģҶ˵һ¾Ҫ۵İԱֽˡ
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˲˰죬ҲŰѴ󵶼վŸϷɻҶ죬ʲôݡ

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ʻɽʱҶ쿴һ嶰ܸоõƺû˾סġ
ԶЦ˵⼸ֻⲻģҪҸѡضθõġ
˰ɣҲ˵˵ѣĵطҿס𡣡
ҶҡҡͷˮѣҲһסýģЩ񲻺סĻԼ


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ھɽѾǺԶĵطӹ뵽һǰֿʮԶң֮ͣһǰ档
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ΪҶõĹ۲ⶰԶûҶ컺ȥ
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Ҷδ𻰣ͶŽס˹ССȻҶѰźǷ


302 ˣүͷ
ȻҲǳ۸֮ңС⹫ԸˬֱУȴûһҹŤ
С;Щ֮䣬Щǰ߳ƵﲻЩͨ˰ˡ
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303 ˮò
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µҶ֮󣬻ûб˳ĻȻһƺڱԼϲá
ߣҶҲоǹɵ⣬һʱ˴󷢣ȵǱˮù
ϣ
ҲǿĿѣҡҶĻҲû˼ֱߵǱˮűҶӳһƬĵĻȥ

Ҷ췢һЦϵĶֽ˼֣֮䵶ⲻӰ֮ʱҶһµصض˵ϡ
ءһǴʯһƬͬ֩һƣµȴĲ뵽ʯС
ˣûע⣬ƣԲסˣҵĵذ壡
Ҷһʱȴ˶ԶĳƺʱȻҲûע⵽ҶĻ񿴹һؿ
Ҷǰĵϣؿһ̯ˮҶɫϣȴûմȾһˮ⵲
ʹСС˿ˣҲ֪ղǷٶѶȣҲ˵⵶ðѼصĵҲûҶ̶ȵġ
⡭⡭ˮò룿
ŽžԼ˵µҶоȻͬһ㣬ǿɵۣǻṦˣȳ⼸˸Ҷղ׵Ѷȡ
˵Լˣݵ⹫趯µҶˮòˡ
ʵҶ첢ͨҲͽܻסǰһ̯ӣʱ˷ˮĻҶһ׼ֻġ
ιôɵˣ
յ֮Ҷ쿴Ц˵Ҳˣôţүɣ
ҶСʱ򲻹ڼﻹʦţǹһˣ۾ʦּȴͯģҪŪһɡ


304 ԨԴ
ô뷴ڣɲǽ˵簡ڰĲ˵Ҷ⽫
Ҷ켷Ļһҧ˵оͽУү

ҶܸɴشӦһЦе˵ү㲻Կģү
һƣҶ˸ĴָСФѾĥһʱ䣬ɫѺʯûȻһ壬ڵƹԵþӨ͸
ҶҶ죬㡭ⶫ͸
ҶȻóԶ۾ʱɴˣǧҶ춼ĶھȻҪˣ
ĪСӿˣҲ԰δ޳ñҪƯˣӦ⹫鷳Ҷ͵
Զĥ˰죬óۡ
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үղ˵õģôˣ
ҾʹӦһûӦҪһӰ
ҶĿҪˣǲвԼСƫƫҪԼĳһǸʲôү
ٺ٣Ҫһˣ
ҶٺһЦȥȴûջ˵үͳȥûûĵСѾͷǱˣ
ڽ֮УʦŵĹģһҪЩģҶôʱ䣬Ȼǲܸˡ
ȻϡǮƣҶг˼֮⣬Ҳûбóֵˣ˼ȥóһФ
һҲŲϡأ
ȻǰĹССԶô󣬵Ҳ߰˼鱦УҲǸһ
С鱦Ȧﳤһ۾ϳҶĵǿ񣬼ֵӦң⻹û
ҶЦ׷ʵĲϡɲ㲱ǿҪǲգԺܼӵģ
ҶⷬԶʱ˫ð⣬޲ýǿУҪ֪׵ĹЧģؼʱܾһ
Ҳϵһ
סˣϵ⹫ʦŵģ˵ʲôһֱţô޲֡
ѵҲǼͷһҶѾҪջȥˣæִҶİʯ˹ȥ
ʯߺԶĶʱǱ˭һ£תһؿҶ죬˵Ҷ죬㲻ܺ˱˰㿴ѾмˣǼѩѩɻûа
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ǡֵǮ𣿡ڳڵˣ³˰Ҷ֮⣬ǳԸ˼ңССҲҶóȤ
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Ҳ۾ԾؿҶ죬⹫һʮˣȴδ⹫¡
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ȵȣҡȥ绰ҶĻûٳɣó˸Сɵƶ绰ȥ
뿪ˣҶ쿴˹СС˵Ůʿʵǲ˼ҴЩ˽£ʱܶɷ飬Ҫߵ֮ܰݣ
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ַǱԣĺԺĵԪòĻҶпܷȴǼΪġ
ãҶҶʦҵȣܵȣһҪң
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İɣŮʿɷһ͵˵Ӧֽܵ٣Ϊģ㻹Ȼȥɣʱˣһϵ㣡
ҶӦ˹ССͬʱҲʦȴǲڳ˵ⷬ۾ĴԶãССӣȥɡԶöǿɾϼһˣﻹ᲻Ҷ˼


305 ҿ
СС̣ô
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ԶһߣȴǴЦ⣬ͲҶլӵԼĲźء
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ôѱ˶˰һžͿҶϵЦݣǾǲЦ
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ԪǰʦӣҲʮֵ
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⹫ˣȥţ
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ҶҲվӭȥȻһĵϵˣҿǰǲʧġ
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ǰԪ˵Ӷ츳֮ˣҶ컹ûô⣬ڼҿ֪ʦԲˡ
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ǰΪʲôΪʲôûҵʦ
ҶĻҿһ㶣̶ȻһСӰĺˮĴϻ䣬˿Լĵıˡ
ӾʮڣҿǰȵѰʦ䣬Ѱδ֮һֱΪʦѾȥҶĻʹڲѡ


306 
ҿԪͬΪˣҲ֪ʦļ磬Ӱ˾ʮһȥĴΣûеõʦϢԾΪϵѾţѰҡ
ڴҶе֪ʦȻǰŹʦ̵ԼһĻĻʱǰҿɱͷ𣬷
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ʦ֣ʦ˼һһٶʮ꣬ѾѵõĸˣߵʱҲ޲֣ʵףô˱ģ
ҶȻҲǺܱʹ໰Ҫҿ˵ܾܲſڵĵ̸ɣַסҿһУ˵ʦ֣ǽ˵ɣ
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Ҷûղųʱҿ͸оҶϤֻ´ˣŻֹ
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ҶЦЦظһղŵĻҿµ˫֣ʹ̧

ڵϵҿͻȻеһɲɿܵҶϴûйͱҶ
ʦܣùʦյôͽܣҲʦŴ˰
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⹫ôֿЦģСƵģ
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㶮ʲô⹫¶ʦܣߣȥúøʦ˵ʦЩôģ
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Թԣ⡭߽ҿͿڴʯذϵµзһ
վµԣҿץס͵һ﷢һͺ𣺡𣡡
ҿĺµӦֶ𣬲⵶ȻҿԤƣָҲ˵ϡ
˫µҿ˸ô̺ĶϢͱʮˣȴԶԶȲҶġ
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ءһԶլӵĵˣԭһƬĴʯذ壬¸Ǳͬ֩һ㣬ϸܵӿȥ
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ҶŰ˰֣˵û£ѷ˰ڲȥɣһ͹ȥˣкþҳƿҪʦֺһ㡣


307 Թ
۵磬ֵҹһҵ¥칫ʱŵƹ⡣
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ˣҲһЩϵɱ֣ĿڱЩɱһⶼùġ
ɱףɱ֮뱱ȴЩ鷳ɱΪĲ𣬵ûȥãҲóȻⵥӵġ
뿪̩ʱ޷ӦҶйĵؽ֧㹻ı꣬һΡ
ҶȻ뿪˱ֱ
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ڰɽլװݻĲҿҶ۵ʳȻǸˣЩʳǺܶҿθڡ
ллʦ֣ԼԼǰҶ쵱ȻˣЩ˶ǼӪģ֮һͰֻ˶ǡ
ã֮˾ҪܳԣҶʦܣ治֪ģҶĳҿİ̾
Ǻǣʦ֣ʦңСʱûٸҩԡǷĶһЩЧܸһɣ
ҶЦ֮ԹͻǶûƿʵдеĹͣ¶ܸҿֻƵϵȥˡ
ˣʦ֣Щôģҿ򣬿ɽһͽ뻯˰
΢һ£ҶͰѻҿϣ˵ʵϡĽ죬ҿдΪʵһ˼顣
뿪ʦʱ򣬹Ѿ밵ˣ֮ʮ޴һֱʮʱһЩ飬øŴﵽڵľ硭
ҿҶ첢˵һԼŮ֪¡
ԭΪһʧԭҿֻϰԪڵռԺͿ߷ˮеȴ˽ⲻࡣ
ҿʮͷ׳ʱǣѰˣֲһԼڹϵȱʧ
˭֪̩еһҹʱȴĪ⵽һϺеƣҪ
ǻҿѾǰˣҲݷùңǲ·磬Ȼ費ҲʾǸϺб
ҿû뵽ϺоȻͨͷַգϺűȴǳҿע⣬зųƳ͵Ϯҿ
ʱƳҧֵҿסϵľӳڵһλҵİ£ҹӻۡ
صۺҿԴֲ꣬ʳø󲹵ҩŽұ۵Ĺƶ˳ȥ
УҿһֱûκνչĹ򣬵ǵõ˳Ľһ·ͻ˰Сƿֻһܽ뵽֮ˡ
̩Ҷһ£̶ҧгݵʵʦ֣͵ϮǸϺнʲô֣
ô̩ͷʦҲжԹ
ҿЩֵؿҶ죬˵˽šɳ̩ߣ̩˿Բ֪˭һֵģ
ƻָ֮ҿܿʹǸϺе
Ҳǰ̩ѩޣ˼ԼϵȷȲǸϺУǰȥҲֻҿ


308 
šɳ
ҿؽߺҶ¶һ˿⣬һɱܣڳŶһ͡
ȻҶϵɱһżգȴʵظܵһ˲䣬ͻȻоߺһͷһ㣬ĺëը
ԭҶ첢ʮ־صʱʶλСүĲ࣡
СʦܺصɱŲ
ܸо飬ȻҲӲҿĸӦɻǣʦŹѶʧҶȴΪ˴ɱأ
ҶʦܣšɳҲйڣҶֺķӦҿɴֱ˳
ҶûлشҿĻǿʵʦ֣֪šɳΪζ𣿡
ҿҡҡͷ˵֪ǰһطѣԽ飬ҲûʲôˣϺеΪҵҲһֱ⣡
ҿڶʱÿһǰս£͵طЩȭʦ˶ദǢ
ôҿʼնûܸףšɳ͵ϮĶΪʲô
ʦšɳ֣ҲǺʦ˼ûж˵Ӧšɳ˵
Ҷ쿴ҿ˵ʦϵʦƣҹɴ˱šɳϳ͵Ϯģ
ԪҿΪͽʱôйոսƳ⽨˼ʱ˴ҿ书Լռ֮⣬ἰԼΪ
ǶҶ죬ϵҲû˵£ֱ꣬ŸҶ¶һЩϵоͰ̩šɳֵ顣
ϵ˵Ӧšɳʮڽ뵽й
ȻšɳΪйȴֵֺˣһǺ
šɳԪķŭԼ֮Ԫһɱס
ûšɳĽͷˣȻƳ󷨣Ԫȱšɳܾ˵Ľճ
֮šɳṳ̂йؽһԪҲ˳Ȼϵûϸ˵Ҷܸоõ֮϶һϵġ
ԭˣ
Ҷ콲ʦ£ҿŻȻ򣬹ֲԼ޵ʱǸϺɫЩ죬ϸǲݵĳ͵ϮԼ
ŹڲֵʱǺѱɵģǸŵڹķͬšɳΪȻһ۾ܱҿĴˡ
ʦ֪࣬ʦӦø߹ģˣʦ֣Ӧȥ̨壬֪ʹʦûϵϰ
ҶͻȻ̨廹иʦְԪԣλʦָʱռһӦҲλպﰡ
ҶĻҿҡҡͷ˵ûУʮȥ̨壬⼸ʮȥˣʼնûκιڹʦֵϢʲôɣ
ԪĴӽļңʮʱѾǵʱһλУˣľ񵳱̨󣬹ļҴżһȥ̨塣
˵յӦÿҵõҿȥ̨˲ϱҲʶļҵˣȴûһ˵ļҵȥ
Ǹҵ繷ʲôⶼпܷǰ̨δ֮ҿҲֻܶѰҴʦֵͷ
ʦҪǻţӦа˾ʮĸˡҶ̾˿ĿǰһĴ˾ʣҿˡ
ҶʦܣȻ̳ʦ²Ǿһˣʦһ󣡡ҿͻȻһ£ɫҶ˵
ʲô£ʦ˵Ҷ˵ͷ
ҿָ˵ŮӱȻƢǺܺãЩ֣ҡ뵽£Ҷʦ㿴вأ
Ȼˣʦֻ֣ҪƷ㶼ԽյµģһڵҲȷʵҪЩͽˡ
ҶһھʹӦ˵Һ⹫ʮһˣҺʦֶûеӣǸҲ˵ֻһʮˣԸ⣿
ҿĹϵ޷ıģҶҲԽΪͽʵΪҿĵӣȴҪŵʮȥˡ
үԸ⣡
صص˵ͷСѧϰ⹫ռֻ֮ҿʦĶûиҴôᣬﻹںʲôֲֵģ
ҶԴϲ˵ãʦ֣ϾͿã㰸
Щȥһ£
ڷ˳ԵҲˣҶſںȥ׼һЩͷˮȼƷΪһʽȡͽҶ¡һЩ
Ҷʦܣһͺ˰ɣҶľٶҿסˣԭԼҶ˲ݣ㽫ˡ
ʦ֣Ҫģһʦǰ׶һȥָٰȥ
ҶӦϵҪһ󣬿ǾƾҿˣȻһģԶżΪء
ҼǵƸ˵м仭ҵģ
˰ȥ׼ƷҶһ䷭汻ҵһ仭ң滹ŵĻֽԼϡ
ҶʦܣǸʲôҶȻһ黭壬Ҫҿͷˡ
ţҪʦİɣ
ҶЩ˸УʦǱȽͨˣǲ࣬ʦܣûʦƬҸɣ
ԪǰʱҶӰҶôȰ˵ϵǲͬ⣬Ҷʱ˼
ϵЦòȻӡҶԺ֮УһӱʹգԪͼʱ˻ֽ֮ϡ
پĩɫʺһϮɷǵ󣬶ʱԾ뵽ҿУʦŻϵԪҿ̲סȥϵݡ
Ԫ֮Ҷְһʦ˳ҲСݵģʱʦԾȻֽϡ
ȻҶֻСʱϵѧ滭˵Ҷ֮УҶƿǽ˵Ӹӡֽϡ
ҿ鼤˵Ҷ죬ʦʦĻҪѺ֮ÿ㾴ݣ
õģʦˡ
ҿĻҶ첻Щϵȥôã˷ڻȥֽ֮⣬û뵽ʦڼС
ʵҲǵĻͬɵĲ죬㶫ˣϲ˳λڼﳣ깩Ӧ򣬵ڵȴǼΪټġ


309 ֮
ԶĿʱĳ˸ãԪʦĻ񱻹ǽϣҶҿڻԣ˫ϥڶǰ
һйزһʦ棬ͨʹк飬顭Ҫ𣿡
Ȼҿʦ֣ҶȴǵʮһһĵϵˣҲŵѵȻҪеġ
ʦͳңΪΣһִһɣҲûʲôģһǲüɫŮӣȻˡ
ʦ棬һʦ棬ͨʹк飡ظһҶѵ롣
ãʦɣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǸŮ츳ѣֱҿСպӴΪͻͽġ
ʦԪĻֶҶݣȻʽˣҶַһЦ˵ɸ˰ҪҪʦˣ
Ҷʦܣʲô񰡣ҿȴǲ֪£һɵؿŮ
⹫ʦģ˵ǼФʯ˳
⡭ǼҶʦܣ㡭ĸⶫӹФ֮ҿɫ䣬Ϊ׸о̺֮֮
ҿ֪ʦһöͭǮ洫̡
Щֻܴ֮⣬һȴǴԼŮĲϡ
Ҳ˵ҶöӦԼõģҿôѰöأҲûһԲŻ˳Ծ
ҿһ£ФҶ죬˵Ҷʦܣ̫ˣ˵Ѿ˼㻹պ󴫸Ӱɣ
ҿ֪ϡٳ̶ȵģһ㶼ʦͽܣһĴȥҶͳһͽʱûзǷʦֵĲˡ
ʦ֣Ǽʦģöɣպˡ
ҶЦЦ˵ҵǲ£ʦ֣ǰµһպҲԴҵĵӵģ
ʲôǹ
ҿһ㶣Ҳ˲Ůڳˣææܵµǰϸ˰죬һɵؿҶ죬˵Ҷʦܣ⡭ⲻ̫Ƿ
ҿˣΪҲ֮Ա˶ʮ궼ǰ̩šɳ˽ԹΪȱٹɱ¾ֶΡ
Ҷ˵ǼҿɲһļΪʹżҲܷӳġ
ֻ۲˰µ֮ҿЩʧѵȻɷ֮ûд˵еĹЩ
ôʦ֣ʶһ
ҶЦµеɷѾҶطʹ⵶һ΢һıˡ
Ҷ컰лҿ۾ʱ˵ȻʶˣҶʦܣʦǶûַ
ãʦ֣˺󼸲
Ҷߵµ֮ǰ˸ָкȵ
ҶĺһɭɭϢϰƽ׿¶ȣƺȻ½˼֡
ɱ
ҶһϺȣµһΪ֮һ䣬еҿǰһͻȻɱ֮
ʱҿڹŴս֮УһԶ׽ɱѪɣ̤ʬǱأĵһɺ⡣
áÿµĻþ
ҿ׹΢һ֮󣬴ǻþа˳ȫѾ亹͸ˡ
Ҷʦܣ죬ͣͣ
ȥıֱԼӵĲ˫ȭڶſ裬л˺ɱѾȫڻþ֮ˡ
գҶзһͺȣɮһ㣬ɷ˲ʧӰ٣µ֮С
ɱɱǣƺûѹ۾ͽ͵Ķܹš
ҿŮߴһͣס˶۾
⹫ҡ˸Σöɱǣ
Ҫ˵Ǻʺϰع֮󣬱ֵľȻǺ£һ˷ܡ
ֱֱҶСʱǿˣǻҶ챻ϵڹ·ظ˯ҹװȥŻҶ죬ûҶǸŷɵ
ҶʦܣѷǴӺεģ
ҿûдŮǽĿµϣѷ֮ҿʶϬ֮
Ҫ֪ȻµӰҿ񲻹ʱ䣬ֶ㹻ɱöصˡ
µղҲͷųɷĻҿҲô׾ʹӻþ֮аѳ
ȴǺɣҲɡԼʦûʲôģҶЦŽԼǴεĹ˵˳
ۣô̼ҶؽߣŴʦ棬ԺĹһҪҰ̫̼ˣ
ǽүɣʦƺǰʡҶԿЦһû뵽һĵλˣȻǸŮ
ҿƺĻмֶĵӣҶæ˵ǴεĳԲΪѣĹͣԺвˣ
ԼλʦΪѰȥĹĻôҶպûȥʦˡ
ǣҶʦܣҲȥģ
ҶĻҿȻһӶԷ̰˹ռϵ輫Ȼĵ
ˣҶʦܣ˵Ҫģʲô°ʦҲеܰﵽġ
ҡͷѷԼջ֮ҿˣʦ۰£ԼʦֵȻҪˡ
ȣʦ֣¶˵ǺšɳйϵģҴ˴Ϊ˻ĵӡ
Ҷһ£Լļ걾ĸμλԼΪжҲûҿ
㡭㾹ȻޱŮʿĶӣ
ҿһľ죬ʮǰĸһ棬պݳĽȴһƬ磬ԭ˰
壬Ҫһλ˵ͨҪϰٱ˵ҿˣԪҲ޷ݳҶպһ˿չ켣ġ
ǺŶԹ
ҿ۶꣬ЩӵҲ飬ȴû뵽ԼλСʦܾȻҲ뵽֮С
ҶʦܣЩðˣ޷֪̩šɳ֮ͷһͷʦ
ҿһǵ˵һĹʧѷǲһܶԸģ
ڼΪ£ȻҶ칦񣬵ȱٹֶΣҿҶ޷ǰܶʤٵľ档


310 ͣϣ
Ȼս̣յĳ̶ȣ浶ǹƴɱв˵أ³
̩ͷ̥ҹаţ̩ġͷƹġŲΪа
޷п۰ɱҶ죬ҿüͷһ֮󣬿˵Ҷ죬Ҫȶһ£۵޷ҲҺģ
֮ʽ΢ԭִĳ֣ҿţʹ޷Ľͷʮǹ׼Ҳܰɸѡ
ȻΥŽеĹأΪҶСҿȴҲ˲ôࡣ
˵šɳҲʲô񣬵Ϊϲ͵ϮԼҿҲ޻֮ġ
ҿҲö⣬ֻҪ޷ۣԼ֯һǹҲǻԼ걻͵ϮǱˡ
ҶЦЦƺҿ˼˵ʦ֣Ҿôû𣿡
ҶĻҿҶ죬㲻֪ͷмаǿɱεģΪȻߣҲδܵסģ
šɳ͵Ϯҿʱֵһ籩ҹԹƳһԼӳ졣
šɳڽͷе裬ʹҿʱѣҲطλ׷ɱġ
ҿԼʦܳţ»ȥͽͷԿǵͷԿһҶ졣
ʦ֣Ϊʦô꣬һ鶼û𣿡
ҶЦЦؿҿ˵ʦһ־ҪȫһʱһɱԲ̩ͷ֮µģ
ҶԪǰʱ飬пܵĻҶԽѡĴڸλʦ֣֮ԭϵΪЩں͡
ڵ֪ҿΪͨЩܽѵ֮Ҷ͸ı뷨ܲؿͬɣ
ȻҶ컹ǲй©Լõе飬Žϵ壬׼պ󴫸ҿ˵Ԫִġ
ҶҶʦܣ㡭˵ʦɱˣ
ȻҿҶĻû˿ĻɣԪѧˣܲȫʦһܵ顣
ԣʦ֣ȹ⵵£ҰЩһ¸㣬
˵ҶɫЩֻܴеϵӵܣ߲Űɱ߲ʦ֣Ҫмǣ
֮еģΪ񣬳ʹ֮⣬زûκΰ취ģҶ˵Ĺء
ҶɫȻҿصص˵ͷ˵ǣҶʦܣʦֻĵġ
ȻҶʦ֣ҶһҶнĻǾŹ棬ҿҪӵġ
ҶЩأһЦ֣˵ˣʦ֣㲻˰ɣ޷ֻҪۣȥ޻أ
ԭҶ޷޳Թûжɱģڵ֪ҿšɳ͵Ϯ;ۣȡһЩϢˡ
Ҷ죬޷ڶǵܴ㡭㻹ҪСĵ㣬ҿżǹסȽһ㡣
ҿȴûҶôģҶõʦĴУ׻ᣬδؾܶù޷
Ҫ֪ڼķһǾµĿۣܽʹõĵӦ֣Ҷ첻Ƕʮͷ䣬ǿҲ޵ġ
Ҷû뵽Լ˵޷ҿķӦ֮󣬸ж֮ҲЩЦãڵݣǹȥԸ޷Ҷ컹涪ˡ
һ֮Ҷ˵ʦ֣һҲǳصģͷҲɱһ׼޷н޳ģ
󷨣⣬Ҷ죬ʦ㶼ѧ𣿡
ҶĻҿ۾һҪѧռԺͷˮߣ󷨲ͨⲢҿ󷨵˽⡣
󷨵ӦڹŴ֮У÷ַܳӾӵս˵ʤ
ܶҶЩ󷨣İµݼ̹ԧȵȣһʱʡ
е֮ҲˣʱֶΣΧɷڿ˵ʤ
ˮ䰡һʤƸµİͼʵ󷨵һֻ֣ǲΪ֪ˡ
ʦ֣ͷİɣµڣٲ¸Źɱ󷨣˵޷ˣʦšɳϺҲܵ޻أ
Ϊ뵽Ľ׶κҶɶõĴԽԽˣвǿĹ֮ǲʹ󷨣Ҷ޷Ҳһġ
ʨӲþȫҶԽͷҲ֪࣬˶޷᲼һ͵ġ
ãҶʦܣʦšɳͽܺúöһ
ҶⷬҿҲǺ˴󷢣šɳԹʮ꣬γһѩܵĳ裿
ү⹫ҲҪҲҪǶ
ҶҿĶԻһԵзŹ⣬ŽĶ⹫ûģȻҲŴմˣѾͷӳͲ֪ʲôµġ
Ҷ콫һҡͷУȻȥŶСҼңʱʲôҶȲģҲҷģ
Ҷ֮뿪ۣ޷֮ĶӰ쵽
Ȼţȴһϲֻͨǽ˶ˣҪȻղҲ׵ؾͱµɷԻˡ
ү㣬ʶһ°ɣԿ˫ֱסҶĸ첲ҡģ͸ĺӲࡣ
˵˲оǲУʦֶٶһЩŶû룬ֻҷģ
ҶԽԽҪǲҾͽһպҲѧ
Ҫ˵ҶһлǺʹԭȥ⹫ʱʵ߾ߣҸʲô
ţûӵʦֵĵ绰ʦ棬֪𣿡
Ҷѻ˵úأΪѾͷ͵͵ڱ𴦣ȻӴʱ䲻ҶҲܿóյʡ͵ĵơ
ҿҲ˵үĻ⹫궼ɥⲻһ飡
С˼ҶҴˣֻ㬵˵֪ˣ⹫ͻȥ㡭ҲҪСһ㰡
ˣðȥ
Ҷ̧ͷɫѾˣȥ˻ȥͬʱ˰⼸춼Ҫ˽оƵֱˡ
ص֮Ҷ쿴ҿ˵ʦ֣ȴɷɡ


311 ͣУ
ʦܣ
ҶĻҿϲ¶һ˿ɫڵĸ֮Уǲ֮أʮ꣬δѧһаʽ
ҶҪҿæҶõԼ˫ִϥϣһ̵ܽģ
ʦ֣ߣǼɣߣ³ҲߣͨڷߣгҲǽߺһڵߣϳҲ
Ҷ콫жĽһһ޳޶㣬֮ãȨƾһ֮壬ģ֮ɲҲ
ʦܣЩҶ֪ġ
ҿѾˣǿʵսķҶĻ󣬵ͷʵǾɷΪã
ʦ֣񣬲ľ֮񣬶֮ھίϣʵ
Ҷһ߽˵һָ߽ｲҿͬʱʩչʹܵԪԹҿο
ˣ
ҿ˼һСʱͻȻ۾һЦңԴ棬֮֮飬Σ
˵䣬ҿָΧܻһȦ֮ǰָȥһȣ
ҿĶϺһ̶ХǰĿȻˮһ㣬һɷǰʮףɢڿ֮С
ʦ֣԰
ҿڶ̶̵һСʱھУҽʩչҶҲǿĿɿڴ
Ҫ֪һҪڼϰãҿղŵĶȻЩɬ乥ȴһ㶼
Ҷ֪ˣʦΪ˵Լʦ־츳֮ˣԼõǸУڶϣǲǰλʦֵġ
ֻǿϧ˴ʦֲ֪գ򽫹֮ʦֵˣɺִŽˡ
СүԷˣҴүָ˼ƿþƣ
Ҷʦֵܶһһ֪ɫͺֱ˰˲Żع
ţҲ˵
̧ͷվİҶüͷѾԶٵɲڶʱ˼Զĸ
Сүү˵ˣǵȳŵġ
ٺһЦ˵ҴСǰԴ˩ڿϵģµľǴɱɱҲֲܸǣ
⻹ûһͿ˰
ĻҶЦֻ˵ⷿһ£ûиԶ˵޷飬ûͷƵģһˡ
ܹһƬ⣬Ҷһ֮ĵ˵ȦӺǵĽһǶǹܽģΪǰǹ԰εó𣿡
ҶܸӦ䴫һ˿ΣյȥϵģԶľѻǹǱǹΧסҶ컹ǲ塣
٣СүɱСң뵱ҰҲǻġ
ҶСˣЩһ˵һȥոֵ̧ʱ򣬺Ȼоһ䣬ȻҲˡ
⡭ô£
ʮȵ¶ȣȻ￪ſյҲжʮȵ¶ȣȴоǹ⺮裬˵ýͰ͵ˡ
ˣ¶ܲκϽģҶָڰܵɷ뵽µС
ףҡܶˣҶɢЩɷ󣬰æ壬ٿҶѾ˾η
ˣ඼ǾضүģžͷҶֹʹǺҲǲˣɲð¡
ҶЦſһ۰˵Ƶͷ˵Ҫ̶ÿߵ㡢ʮʱͲҪˡ
ǣСү
ΰҳǿˣԭֻΪҶ书ǿȴû뵽ֶθ˷ʤԼǰǲġ
ҶȻһ˵ˣǰЩǰͨһЩ̩뾳ۣϸҴ绰
Ҷȥɱĳˣ϶ͨǰǸңҶƲ⣬޷ҲǲŻչؽ۵ġ
Ҫͨ͵ɽۣǿ϶㲻Щ˶ĿģǰݣʱһЩá
Сү̩ˣĪ˱˵Ļ
ҶĻ󣬰¶һֵɫܱ˴̩׷ɱۣǱΪƽİ׷֮⣬ûĶˡ
˱˵Ļ
Ҷһ£Űִűһʳ׷۵ӣһž˹ȥһȥүմǶ𣿡
ٺ٣СүǾͺáҶһźҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ҫ֪Щɿɱ˲գ۵ģǰһСе˾ͺڹ̩һʮȫǹɱʱ˺ܴĺ䶯
۱صЩԱȻҲǺ¶ݣЩװ˾ʽĶɱЩġ
Сү֪Ǳ˳ʲôӣǼ𣿡Цʵ
ʦ֣֪𣿡
Ҷ쿴ҿҡҡͷ󣬶Ű˵ʲôģҲ֪ӦòҪзֵĻǧҪǣ
˶ɲƾеģҶ޷Ǳ˾Ͳˡ
Сүİɣ⼸ֻӽۣҲһ׼ҵ
ظ˰Ʊ۵Щ˽͵ɵͷһŰ췹ԵģֻҪԼϢȥЩ˾Բ˽ġ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ãһ˵һʱ䣬ʱЩģ
Щ£ѹǲģи㹻ĺô
Ҷⷬ˵󣬰ĺȻüҲ˲ٺҶ׽ҴҸ뿪ȥҶ콻ˡ
ʦܣȷ޷һ
ߺҿҶ죬һжԴҶĲ²⣬ԷĻЩ׼򲻶ˣ
֮ǰȷ֪Ϻ͵Ϯа˳ɵİ
ҶšɳΪСȻȥ͵Ϯ˵ͽܣ޷ʦʮа˾ҲǸ˼̰ƴֱɵӡ
ʦ֣б޻ǺõģȲ󷨣ͷٺϵɡ
Ҷ˵ŻԼӹڴӣ˴δʯȻƷʲôµΪۣܷӳ󷨵
ؼһǣ޷ڣ֪ԼͨģҶԷĻҲûҪŽ˻ˡ


312 ͣ£
ʦܣҲͨһ󷨣Ҹæɣ
ҿȻոϰһЩʱ򣬺޲Ҷ콫֪Լ
Ҳ֪أڴ˵ز¾ɱ󷨣˵޷ˣšɳҿҲмְս
ʦ֣Ҳ᲼󣿡Ҷһ£ʮû˵λʦ󷨵ģ
ҿЦЦ˵ԼϹģֻס˶ûɱ֮Ҷʦܣѧʦɣ
ҿԴ̩šɳ֮ʮһֱѰֶΣҪɱ̩һѩǰܡ
еĸҴвѶʧǱ䣬ҿ޷õ֮£ֻܴ϶Խ
оɱе󷨣űϵĲͬһʮ꣬ҿҲֻܲһЩķȴ޷ʩչ
ţʦլӵķˮǰվŹǵĸֲõģʦһ׾Źɱ󣬵
Ҷ˵ͷҲû˵ʲôϵЩ󷨣Զôзֻ޷ҿ԰ˡ
ֽһʯҶŲ߳˿Χűתʱʱһʯ뵽ĳ֮С
Ҷ˴Ĳִ٣ЩʯǴ˼԰ɨĻɫƷʲߣԶѩѩͨõʯΪ֮ͨãȴ㹻ˡ
⴦ҿվŹλõģܶطϷˮ֮ҶֻҪĶܽ䲼һŹɱ
ҶͥŲһ㣬߲ݵʯǽһСʱŵһΣȻһ鲻ʣ
Ҷʦܣ⡭Ⲽʲô󷨰ôһŵ
ҿĴΪȫ֪ЩʯڷŵλʲôɽƵġ
ʦ֣ߣص֪ʲôˣ
ҶصЦЦҿص˿λãҲҶڡ
ʦ֣ˣ
صкҶֵġָ໥סִĴִָĴָ·ʳָǿϵ״̬˳СԪʼǻԪɢŹԣ޵ҿ
ſҶֵʳָһ𣬳ʽָڿмµʱ˵أҲ޵ķʸġ
Ҷָµһɿ񱩵ɷ֮𣬽ݶ֮ʱͻȻɢ类һδС
Ҷָָ£µеĳɷûǰվŹԵķλ죬ڵ¶ȣƺȻ併
վڿ֮еҿֻоХҶվ۴֮ľɫȻģ
Ҷͷų󷨽һſ˵ʦ֣ۣ߳󷨹ЧΣ
ҶĻҿһһɷҿȶʱеʹޱȣ絶һ㡣
⡭Ļǻþҿ󾪣æջϸ鿴ȴǷû˿˺ۡ
ʦ֣ɷɱΣֳֺٻأ
ҶЦЦ˵ǾŹ󷨸ĶģʦֻҪհԷλߣͲᱻɷġ
ģ
ҿһ㶣Źÿһռ֮˶ͨģŶݼֱ֮Ϊţֱָݡˡš
һ˵ݡΪţΪţšƽҿŴӡλȥȻûܵɷĹ
ʦܣֶΣͨ󷨰֮ҿ֮УˮĴЦ
ҿȻ뵽һ£ЦȻֹŲҲͣҶˣҶʦܣ㲼󷨣޷ȻҲܿҪǲô찡
ǺǣͣҶһЦָкȵ
Ҷĺɷͬһ㣬ȻµӿȥһײԭɷȻµ
Ǻǣô޷ϳ𣿡ĿɿڴҿҶЦʦ֣ǹ֮ˡ
ҿǿɵۣ˵޷ߵµ֮ڣ
µΪױȻҶѹƣɷǲܾһ˻ܸоġ
ӦµеɷӱȴûпܵģҿԣµԱ߲ܲõ
ҿһ֮󣬺Ȼеʦܣ⡭ֶһҪңܲ󷨣ξšɳϺУ
Ҷͷ˵ʦ֣󷨿Խ㣬
ҲǣûµΪۣҲתģҿӦ죬ʱҲһĿЦ
ҿȴǲ֪Ҷпɲֹµһѹǰѡ޺ۡȴҶɱء
Ҷʦܣ㻹ǽɣղи⡭
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̩ȾʤذһٹﴦȴУһƵɽȣ̩¶ʮ˶ϣɽҲļ
ɫ˵ɽȣȴǱΪĸһһͨһʮ·ɽӶȥ
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ɽｨһ͵ʽ󷿣ΧĲݵϣ˸ɫʻɫʮֵ
ɽ֮Уȴǲһóûһ쳣ļžԵΪѹ֡
һ󷢶ĺԶɽȵļž
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һĲƤڵڼճļʻλϣĽϨ˻ƺ¾ŵʲôһ㡣
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̲£ɣһӹдյ¥Ҳ֮ˡ
ǣ޷ʦ̲ˣ
ԭվŵ̲͵˫ϥڵأͷǱʯӵĵ棬̧̧嶼΢΢ڲš
ɣҪ¡ŻĴһӴӰ⡣
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̲´ӵ󣬺Сĵɽȥÿһ֮ǰҪϸĲ쿴һµ档
̲֪ﲼ˽ͷϴһǰݷ޷ʦ˵һӶԴʦЩ̤ɽ֮ͺ


313 ͵
ʦˣھͿԺ뿪ȵţȻĳ˴ǰۣǱߵгҲ˽Ӵģ
ľսߵ޷ǰ״̲ǽȫڵϹȥޱȡ
ͷʦ̩λߣ̲Ȼ̩ҲСеλ޷ɱһֻϻҪףҲԲһ˻˵ʲôġ
̲£ҵѣûҪô£ͷʦǴʩչģվˣ
һ̲ǰ̶̲¶Уȴһ㣬æ޷ֿ˸ͷСվ
̲µ黹ǹޱȣŲ޷Ļأϴλͷʦǿڿͱѣȴתۼ佫˵Ӹˡ
ʦҵһһ֣Դ˹ȥ֪Ҫӣ
̲Ҫȷ˴͵ɵŵһ䣬͵޷ȥһǽĿ˻
ǰλͷʦӲߣԼһңĺչҲ߲ˣվһɽһ㣬Ρ׳ۡ
˷֣޷ƺκ볣˲ͬط̲˵ʱʼնЦݣͺǰվŵλòһ㡣
Ŀ⿴޷ϣͻ˸оЩˡ
޷䣬Χһʰ쵵ϸĻǾȻһƽߣͷڲϵųӡ
޷׸СϣȻһֻʮ๫ֳ򼣬էȻȥǴ򼴥ǲĲȴ˵ֻʵĻ
֮⣬޷˫۾ƺҲ볣˲ͬ˶ӵʱ̲ס˾˽ȥжԺġ
ڿһ޷̲֮ջĿ⣬ͷԼĽż⣬ģﾴݷʱҪ
ȥ۳֮⻹һˣ̲£ѷڹȿڵǸӰᵽȥȥҵѣ
޷ֵ¶һ˿ŹֵЦݣ˵ѵʱ˿ЦݾԵĹˡ
ǣʦ
ͷ̲²ûп޷ı飬СĵȥѷڹȿڵһӸ
ģԺҲͽͷʦ򽻵ˣҪ񣡡ӲǺأ洫ɳɳȴ̲ëȻͰӸ˳ȥ
̲ȻήͷΪһ̩ˣȻ֪װʲôˣЩ߹Ƴ֮⣬ʵ벻滹бĶ
Сĵķڼճĺţ̲´վڳԣ۾ʱʱɽ޷ʦ˵ѣҲʵмֺ档
Ҫ֪ͷʦȻ̩ڵƳ磬ҲǼΪƧһȺ壬Ƕӵģʹͷʦͽͷʦ֮䣬ҲѳΪѡ
ֻ̲ڳԵãҲû޷¥ԼõĴֻʱƵģٽ̲¼ӣҲ򲻸ҽȥߴ޷ģϲ¶żɫ
ʱ޷վ¥ڵһſڣѾվʮˣϵɫƺʮֵľᣬ̧ƿţȴַˡ
ʦȻڹƣǻҪģͽġˡһðɣ
ԥ֮޷ƿ˷ţֵܼȥ
ûдҲûеƹ⣬͸һ˿ߣԿӵһţһӰ
޷зһκڣһ㣬ͷϾȻϸܵĺ顣
ѣ𣿡Ƿ޷ͻȻҧԼʳָǺӰĶͷȥ
ָѪմȾ˶ͷʱڷеӰȻ۾ƾһվ
ļߣԽһ׾ңղŲôۣһվʱ÷ֵ޷ԵޱȵİС
߰ɣ޷¶һ˿Цݣ߳˷䣬һĸ
Ǻڰķ䣬˵òҲ¶˳Լʮ䣬һ˫Ũüۣһ𣬸һ׶顣
ߺüĴһĨ֮⣬˵۾ҲעĿΪڿǰʱ۾͸һȻͫƺûжԽһ㡣
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޷һĸߴ߳¥̲æӭ˹ȥڵĽճĳȥ
޷һ˳ţǸ˸ʻλϣ̲·˳Ӻ޷ʵ߰ɣӦÿԵ˰ɣ
ʦ賿ͿԵִۣӴҶѾźˣҪʱֻҪ˵ĵ绰׵ġ
̲»عӣһֽݵ޷ϣﰵ̾Լοǿϱˡ
̲̩ͷ͵ɵķȻҲǼߵģ޷ҵȴһǮҪרŰһڸͳȥ
ţҵѣòҺ⣡޷ӹֽһۣ¶ɫ̲µļ
ͷʦ̩Ȼλߣܶ˹ĶǱȽģ޷ʦΪʦȴǰǸɽø˵ӣԼӵпȥˡ
޷Ȼ̩ҲǺĽͷʦȴûʦ޷ܵҵĹǿһЩͽľ
ԭ޷ЩƵģȥǳϯǵľΣµİԪĭ
Ȼ޷ºǸƱǮȴ׷ˣҲ޷һ뵽Σ֮С
Ҫ֪ͷʦ涾ҪѺܴһʷõģ޷ĽͷҪõʬ壬һʿ벻
˰Ԫĳ֮ʱ޷Ͷ˼ҪǰǸعȵĻ޷ʹӦ
Խӵĵ绰֪Ŀȥۺ޷ûԥһӦ̲֮æ͵ɡ
޷Ʒ޶ۣʵΪ˺СĽȻ˵ĿǸͨˣҲû˿Ĵ⣬ʦǰɵһɱҲˡ
ƻ֮ʱճ̩ʤذţһ󻨸·޷Է֮⣬켣֮вʮֵԡ
ڰһεСۿڣͣһһϴ򰶱š
̲£ˣҪĻҿɵȲ˰
ȵ޷ϴ֮Ǹϴضվͷϵ̲±Թԭֻ˽͵ɵģ̲̩ܴԼҪӡ
δһҪ֤޷ںϵİȫ̲¿޷һۣȴû˵⴬ϴ϶ŵ˵Ὺˡ
̲£˺·˶ʮ꣬û⣬ͷİɣδںİ˰̧֣޷˿ȥȴǸеһ
޷˿̾һЦеӣǸĸߴˣȴη˫һ۾ʹ̲סðһɺ


314 һ
һʴУݳƷǳĴ󣬶ƤƤƤƤƤƷҲϵĴ̩뵽ۡ
̩Σһ㶼Ǵ˷ɻģز֣ͨͨģÿ춼һЩֻ̩֮䡣
δҴȻעģЩ궼˽۵ͷӱܰĹ˰
֣ʲôģΪʲôѴնøסأ
ڴδĶӺܲ⸸׵ǰҲûдع͵ɵˣЩһǱڵײڵġ
죬Ҿ㣬ҪȥˣǿǽͷʦӵĻ󣬰δһס죬¶־ɫ
Ϊڴֻ󲻾ãδ͵͵޷ϴǿӡ
ڰδӵͬʱоŵһȳζŵƹ⿴Ķ󣬲ûѰδĻǸų
ſЫԼߵȸֶЩԭӦеĶ棬˿̶Ƕһ㣬һ
δ̩ˣЩ벻޷˵ݣʱӵײչĽ޷뵽˴ԼǺͶӶ˴ҡ
Ҫ֪ͷʦȻ̩ܵ˵Ƴ磬˶ǱžԶ̬֮ȣûԸͽͷʦκιϵġ
δ˿Ѿʺ̲¼Ů˶ʮˣ⣬˴֮һҪ취ˡ
ͷʦϵĻ󣬶Ҳ¶˾ֵɫͽı
ڶĵӵʱ򣬻һСͷ˰˼жĴ󿨳֮󣬻һԽҰ
êͣúĲߵ̩˿ںλ޷
̲µˣ޷ɤȻ˵һӢ
޷̲ϰƵ귿䶼ѾźˣʲôҪܷԸˣ
Ӧ̲°۵ͷҲ֪̲ǷԶ˽޷ݣֵʮֹ
ţ߰ɣҪúϢһ£鰲ȥ죡
޷˵ͷŸټ´ʱǷֵȴԵ쳣ɣǸǸĿĺӣԵЩӲ
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Ƕ˺Ͱδ̩˵˼仰Ҳ˳ԽҰܿʧͷϡ
޷ͽ˶ûע⵽޷ֵֺ֮һָ˰˻ˣ۾ͻȻһ¡
ȵԽҰ֮ǸߵδǰɫƵʵδǸʲôģ
è磬û£Ѵ´ѣ϶鷳ģδˣæӿڴͳ̣˶Է
δ㲻ǵһܴˣ⴬ɲģһҪǳȫҪùұ֤۲𣿡
èһ㶼ûδӣֱӻֽǰ̴˳ȥžһ˺ˮ
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ÿһжÿһеĹصģ͵ɵһ㶼Ƿǣ˽ȴǲͬΪ͵ɵǳ鷳˰ӣǻǣϵġ
ǰЩҶĳ֮ԼΡ跹֪ж˽͵ɼŶˣǶʱ۵ĵ²ҵܵ˺ܴĳ
˵ķԵͻأδ֪ЩĴӿڴͳһӣ˵У˵è磬λǽͷʦҲǲģ̧̧֣·Źȥɣ
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թ˰δһӺǸ˳˰ʱߵһߣͳ˸ƶ绰˳ȥ͵õϢû뵽ȻԼˡ
ʲôȷ˽޷
Ȼһ类СܸѣϢɽèе绹Ǿһ񣬿˵ãèУǴĻ̽̽Էͷ
̽޷˿ǵڵϺպĶү˵джģԼ˴޷䣬ڶүǰҲǺӵ顣
ϴĻɽèЦ磬δҪǳԷģʹˣ˵Ǹ޷ʲôͷʦ֪Ϣûã
Сӣ˻ϴȲ裡绰һ˴Щ˷ܣµİе⡣
Ҷϵ绰ֱһ£绰˳ȥүԸѾ鵽ˣи޷˸ոսۣŵĵطһܲ
ģллˣͷһʤкġ绰ʱҲ˯ȫޣ͵شӴ
үǸ޷ǵˣҪҪüֵ
Ļ󣬰Ĺͷ˼֣ʤʲô˰ǿ۵ȨƵˣƨ㲻ϡ
æ˵ãӺ֣˸ҿ޷ˣҪ֪ǵһһ
ʲôЦҶ춼ɵֵˣЩСܶԸģҪ֪ԼҶǰǹβء
һ糿עܶ˵ĺζˣһЩո˯µС죬ٻ޷סĵطҲܿͲ˳
ֻҪҶÿϵ״򲻶ģɫ磬ĵӵʱڹ۾̨վ׮
׻˵ȭ֣ڣֻѧʹ죬ҶܴﵽڵΪʮһյĳҲǷֲġ
Ҷ죬ˣ˺ü绰ˣ˵޷Ѿۣ
ҶոջصҿӭҲҲһҹû˯ĥҶ촫ˡ
ϢҶЦЦ˵ĵͦİʦ֣˵һ£취ߵıȥɣʡЩܵǣۡ
ɽߵıԸһС͵СȻûʲô⣬ȴǵס޷޷ʩЩ˲ҲҪѲƤġ
ѧһЩʱҿҲǺ˴󷢣Цãȥ绰ʦֵܺúûһ̩ͷʦ
ʦ֣ɱţСһ˾ʰˣ
ҶƲƲ죬ԼѹټȲµľŹɱ޷Ը˵Ļȥʦˡ


315 
ʦܣֵܣӱҪȻ޷ЪţʦֺȻȻ
ҿոϰһĸߣֻҸֽһ£οˣԼԩҵͽܣ
ҶҿĻЦ˵ãʦ֣ǵ󷨺޷֣
ҿѾѧɷ˵ھһĹƳǺѶõġ
ټҶµľŹɱ󣬹޷һ뵽ͷתˣʦֵֺûʲôΣա
ʦܣİɣʦҾԲʦģ
ҿԴЦձšɳ͵Ϯһֱҿеһ֮ȥӰⷬ޷ҲȡһЩϢɡ
̲°޷סĵطһ̩۵ı˳Էһֱǿŵġ
ﲻطΪأڸߵסլ޷͵ɵ۵ˣסԲ̲ݵġ
޷ص˷ǿڴ̩ľ䣬Ƿ˷һ֮С
ǣǵʳˣ
޷ԼıóһźںĶƿӺ﷢һĿЩԭȥһĶ棬ʱɧ
޷΢΢еŶʱɷĩ״˶棬ǧֻ澺вʱһЩƵĶ汻ĳӸԵ
ЩĩѾɣ޷óһӣһԵЩʢĶǣȻ˯
ӵʱ䣬ָֻ˿ʼģͬﶬһʵſ
ιʳԼĹƳ޷Ӵڴϵͷ˯һֱҹĻٵʱ򣬲ŴӴ
Ǹˣһ춼ݽһֱ޷վ޷
޷߳䣬һֱػһ̩ˣæ˵޷ʦ˶Ѿ׼ˣ
̲°۵ˣĵ£ɲΪЩ˵ĵ޷Ǩŭ͸֪޷ݡ
Ҳ˵ͷʦͷšɳӵݣҲЩ̩˶޷ˡ
޷ߵǰ˵ĴķҲǺȵģһӲûӵʱͱɨһա
Ǹ̩˾ǣ޷Ǹĸߴˣϵķ˾Ȼûһֻۣʵʵվ
ʦλ𣿡Ǹ̩Сʵ
ˣҪȥܲùܵ顣޷Цеؿһۣȴĵðһɺ⡣
극޷źǸ̩ˣʵǰôˣ
ҶסԶı治ʲôܣ޷۵ǰһ죬Ͱصϴ޷Ҳ֪һַϸ˽⡣
ʦ˵Ǹַߵһ¡ûȥ
޷ʻǸ̩˵ɫЩѿƺΪԼ²λͷʦǨŭˡ
˽ɳˣҲ̲°۵һ͵ɼŵͷĿҪб»뵽Щȫ۶סĵطҲԴȥ͵˿ڵĻˡ
ʦƬȿ
޷ЦȥɳĽһЩƬ޷ǰȻȥǸլ۰ý巢ЩƬǲġ
޷ָƬϵһ·ʵͨʲôط
ɳ˿һƬС˵ʦ̫ͨƽɽĹ۾̨Ǻܶοȥĵطȴ˽˵ķˣһ޷ġ
ɽûеķȥǼأ
޷˿ûԼĿģԼߺǰҲģʹ֪ԼʲôҲǸй©ȥ
޷ĻɳҳһƬָ˵³ɽпܷɽȥģ
˵ɳͣס죬ΪǴɽұȻֻʮ׸ߣǶ޷˵ɾһǵ

ڴСɽﳤ޷˵ʮ׽ֱұڻ治ʲô⣬ֻ뽫ӴȥȴЩ鷳
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޷˿˵ٵһСʱ˵ʱǳ
·ݵۣǶʱڣǰһһ̾пǱע
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޷ԥһᣬ˾ģ̩һͷֻܳһڵʱ䣬Ҷ飬ͿԷ̩ˡ
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޷˾ɳûж˵ʲôð嵽⣬ԽҰ˳
ʵ̫ˣŴƵԽҰȻ֮ΣɳʮСĵĽʻ̫ƽɽȥ
ɳ˲֪ⳡ꣬ȴһֱػһЩˣûյǵ١
۵ĿȥҲ죬ڳӹ̫ƽɽ֮ԭ꾹Ȼ𽥱СˣȵǴұµʱ򣬴ѾȫͣЪˡ
ʦˣ
Ǹҹϵ̫ƽɽɫҲɽɽʮֵļžߴС
ٺ٣ҵıǣǿԳˣ
ɵֶνҶ죬޷Ȼ϶Ϲ򣬴ԽҰ䣬ԼЯǿľĸƿˡ
޷зһľĶ׷ת˹ʱѾ˸ӵ޷ǽü
Щͬһ㣬ʹЩľȻǳ̦ұȥҲܱüžһƬ
ҿվڹ۾̨ǰۣҶкȻ˵ʦ֣޷Ӧõˣ
ɣûд绰ҿһ㶣֪ڼ޷
Ҷͷһȥ˵ûҸоɱ


316 
⡭Щ
ԼĶ棬ɳ˵۾ֱˣ֪װľȻЩ
ԼղƨɺһӶЫӣɳһʱȷЩ̱˵ϡ
ǧֻϺĵϣһճ״Һ壬ɢһ˵ζܱ׵оȻȫͣЪסˡ
޷еͳЩűһ㣬ɵұڣʧұϷïܵĴ֮С
Լġұڣ޷ͷɳˣ˵ȥɽɣһСʱ󿪳ң
޷ԸҶôһͨˣֶ̫οʩչˣһСʱʱ䣬ʵǷԽƬɽġ
ǣʦģһ׼ʱɳѱ˵ӣæ˳ӣֻֽŷβŽԽҰ
͸ɳֿһŵĻ档
ԭվұ޷ͻȻһ缲ұڳȥӴ彫Ҫײɽڵʱ򣬾ȻһƮ
ûɳ˵޷ƮǷֵһ㣬ϵţƺȫʧȥЧá
ɳܿ۲Ļͻ֣ᷢ޷ܲƵĴ׳ָȻܿסұЩϸСķ϶ʮָָӲؽӴ
ұϷʮףһգ۵Ĺ޷Ӱվұڶϣɳ˵ҲսһɽҲ޷Ρ
վұϣ޷ɵشûκζǡˡȵ
޷ĻǡˡҲûʲôܣȻֱұȥ
ޱұƽ֫չڻһɽھȥ䶯޷ҪѸ֡
߰ɣ
ȵҲ޷˿еӣеĶ׷ǰȥһ·֮ϲȸԼɪɪ
޷ӷ׵֮оȻޱȵʪĵţǸһظ
Ҷع壬ָűϷïܵĴ֣ҿ˵ˣ޷Ǹ򣡡
ҿлЩţҡҡͷ˵ɣ˵кüڼ޷ģôᱻ
Ҫ˵Щ˴ɱɱȲϽǵĶɣºúݱȲϴȦ̽ϢӸˣȴǵֺϷ
ģɱ
ҶüͷȻôˣǸ˵ϢùŹ֣ôûиӦ
ҶѾ뵽Ľ׶Σ˵پͻرУδһ˿ģԤ֪ԤԤС
ղҶԤ޷٣ͷųӦ֮ŷ֣޷ߵǸˣΣճ̶ȣҪԶԶ޷
֮га֮Щ棬Ҷ쵹ûзϣЩԸͨ˿ԣ˵ȴǲܵ顣
Īšɳˣ
ҶͷһݣȻΪԼõܱȣλΪ̩ʦϺУҲǲ˿ӡ
Ĳ˵ƾšɳýͷɱӢʮλ߼죬ʹ̩ûбݳֳһֱʣԪġ
ȻʱҲ̩Ϊԭ򣬵šɳĴɱţȷ˺ܴãҲʹһʱڶ롣
ʦ֣ߣȥ
ҶһˣתȥšɳҶǲҿֵġ
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ҶʦܣôˣҶɫ࣬ҿæȥ
ҶҲûżɽ˵޷۵Ǹ֣ʦ֣һսӣ
Ҷ֮ǰͽӵϢ޷۵ģĿò׶񣬺ҿ˵šɳơ
ҶΪ˲޷ӶѣǴӸղŵӦУȴǱ˲ס
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ҶͷʱԽͷļɵּ˼֣ͷܺƹĹΪаȻ䲻Ϊ֪ŵġ
ߴߴߴߴ
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У̫Σˣʵ
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ҶĻëͷ󼱣˵ɽϵЩ棬ζɿڵļȣɵЩ棬ҲܴٽĽջԶҶһ仰ֹġ
ߴߴ
ëͷͻȻһĽƺƾʧҶǰٳʱѾʮ֮ˡ
Сֲ
ëͷľٶҶ󼱣νž׷ȥȴǱҿһѸסˡ
ҶʦܣҪţС磬Ҷκã޷Ҳץסģ
μëͷʱҿ쳣۵ģôͨԵСһֱͬǵһˣҿǶëͷġ
ðɣǻȥ
ҶҲǣëͷͲη֮Щأٶȣиˮ޷˵ȷס
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ţô£
ոշɽѾԿɽɽ޷ͻȻнǰĶȻͣ
ౡౡ
޷˿еӣԽͷߴġ㵵ǣЩǿǰн˼ףȴǵͷȥ
һһ׶೤Ľ߸ǻŲ·˳޷ĿȥֻǸ͵ȥ˲ýӲ
һƽͷ޷ؿ·̽˳۾ǰϵţһ̬


317 ģ
Լı߽̬޷ɫһвϷšౡЩʧɢܵĶټԼ
ֻͷƽ߽ڵȴһ֮󣬲ǰж֣˳޷ȥһҧסղֻ˺ҧ
ͨĶ߻Ὣ̵ֻﲻֻ߽ͬеƺرķھͽһ׶೤Ľ˺ҧ˼ΣȻԼͬ˶ӡ
Եߺ߽Ѫͷƽˣһ۾һ㣬ģ
Ϥ̩˶֪̩ǾǺʯߺ
̩ĺʯ侻ȸߺͲ챦ʯļƷǸѪ죬Ѫ͸Өʷǳ֮٣쳣
̩ʯɫ֮ǳĺʯҪһʯɫǳһ㣬ǡôֳɫ
̩ȻͲö˵ˣڽϿģذŮˣ·ֻܲ룬Ϊƾۣͷֱ治Ů˻
֮һĶߣȴηġ
ϵĶ֮۾ߣ̩һֽ۾ߣνǶ֮Ŀɸߴһףһھͻһغ
ڽ۾ߵĶҺǳֵǮǵƽ۸Ķʮ֮·̩ԲΪ
˵һѷĵ۾ҧˣ䣬ҧֿ֣ҧȿȣһȻҧͷνˡ
ʱֱ޷ǰһ̩ԶĽ۾ߡ
۾߱޷СƽιʳĶʬĥɵʳ͸ֶ棬Һɷ䣬Ҫͬʮ
޷ûʵ飬߽ҧеˣһ֮ʧȥ֮оԿԳ֮Ϊ֮
ʱԼ߽ȻҪѪʳս޷ɴһû뵽ﾹȻ۾ߵС

ֻڴ֮У޷ȻסԼĸظĺﴫһֹŹֵĽ
ҲǽͷеһЩС˵һԻã޷ġɧĶ
ͻȻֱŵĽ۾һת͵޷ȥ޷æŤͷֻһӰĽ۾˸ա
۾һĶҺƬϵļʮֻ涼ȥˣȴû˵ֻعĶ
⡭⵽ʲô
޷ȻҲ׽ֻӣƽʧʮֻ໿ĳ潵޷֮࣬ͷҲðϸܵĺ顣
ߴߴſһʳǼֻĶëͷЩ˷ܵؿ˽۾ߡ
ֶﱾֱܵԼһԵĻܻõ벻ĺôµ˸һΣյĸоëͷ
ڵǧֻ֮࣬ЩԵҲǴ󲹣ڽһֻЫҧºëͷַ˹
۾ȻԼǿٶϺëͷȴܣëͷϵĽһֻֻԵ޷߽Ǻް취
ŵ϶٣޷Ҳëͷģڼ֮صģ޷ʶⲢʱŭ顣
޷Ķ棬໿ϵĳ潵ķľѪͲ
ؿһֻֻڱëͷʳ޷ﶼҪγѪˣʹݴʱ޷ҲΪ
޷ôû뵽ʴȻôһֻǵĴڣûʶⶫͬǱ˻ġ
ëͷĶȻҶеһƴڶ̶̵ʮ֮ԭĶ棬Ѿϡֻʣʮֻˡ
ߴߴߴߴ
ֱ޷ԶһϵëͷǰצԼСӣƵĳ޷۾߼š
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ëͷĶ󣬽۾߿зˡ˻˻΢΢һ׼˳ȥǴʳߣûܵơ
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ʱǲԼı߽ȥǸŹֵĶˣһҪǽ۾иʲôʧĻǸһǧԪҲֲġ
޷Ҳд⣬ȸɵҶ֮һҪóԪڲ˴εʧ
ߣ
޷ֵֻ֪Ķûʲô취ҧҧԼĳ潵䣬еŭȫָ˱Ҷ졣
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۾ߵ߶ҩɽģȷ޷Ƶҩ˵ȴǲᱻƻޱؿԼһС
ֶλ˻оޱȣȥץƤʱƤͻһ䣬޷ֶһ˰ȥ
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Ӻ޷Ȼ˱Χǽ棬ղŸߴʮ׵ұڶס׶ߵΧǽȻҲû޷
һܣ޷ֵʹΧǽϷ˹ȥĿˣȻֹŹֵİ취Χǽ
ڵ֮޷зһкΧĽ۾ֱ˵ϣβһһչ֮䣬ƶǰȥ
У޷Ѿ޼ɵˣҪе˶úԷΰ·ҧÿһǰˡ
޷ǣټ֮УȻûһ˴ڣܹ۲һ޷зϵĽ۾߾ֱŵƹıȥ
ǳģ޷һ߽ȥͿڶŴɳϵҶҿ
¸£Ȼڣ̫ˣҵİϲˣ
ͷʦעֱ˿̣޷ŸӦҿȵѪʱзһЦЦ
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㡭ʲôˣΪʲô˽լ
ɳϵҶ͵վǳȴҿЦã⵱ˣʦܻͶԷϷ


318 壩
Ҷ죿
޷ͷҶ죬ǽȻЩӲ˵ľȻͨ
޷ʱʦӡ߾סܳһʱ䣬ʱѧֻͨǼʮ궼ùڽѾˡ
Ҷ죬㡭ô
Ҷ˼¶˺µĻ֣̿޷Ϊ⣬ҶԽǺ£вŻظо졣

޷ЦĻҲ뵽ںɽֵĶԵĳ潵ͷһͣסЦ޷ɭɭ˵롭Ҫ
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ŵֱŵĽ۾ߣҶҪɱңá뿪ǮҿԸܶǮ
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ҶϷŪ޷ҿЩˬˣûо޷˵Ĺֻ֮Ǽҵĵӣֻ³Թһ
޷Ȼûȫҿе˼ɵȴˣЦе¶һ˿ɫ
ҲˣҸǮҶ޷һ̯һ޿κεı顣
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ҿɱȭƣһǳɣǸаƺûзӦһƻϡ
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Ҷ쿴ëͷ˱צϵѪЦõ˵СӣĿζԽԽ˰


319 
ȻǸСķһǳԾҶ컹ǱëͷһˣΪСצϣȻץһ۾ߵ⡣
ģ
ëͷ뵽ҶĻУ޷ǷֵΪ߶òСǰ໿ĳ潵Եһɶ
ģô
ҶЦŰëͷ˼ϣСһǳ۾߼üŪۻСצӣȻ֮
ҡҪ㰧ҹ
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ŭջͷԵ޷ͻȻɬѶһݣһźɫǰ
ȥ
޷һָҶ죬һ㣬ֱҶƮȥ޷߰Ҷ죬Ϣʱŵһɶζ
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ź֣ҿʱɫ䣬޷ʦšɳǽҹɫͷųɽ͵Ϯ
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ͷʦֶΣԼĳ潵Ƶҩƻɱ˵ˡ
潵ҩܺ˽ֱӴԵġֽҲ˵ܺ˱Զƣ߱Ƹҧ˲С
ǷɽͬɽԶܺ˽ֱӹ
޷зɳḷ́ʵʬͽԼֶƳģǼǧʬ;ۺһаа˵⡰䡱
ɽͨڤͷĿʹϮߣһƣҲʱУͨڻƻҹ䡣
Ȼͷлиµ齵ֽͷҪǽһԹɷϣýͷе߻ʹޱȡ
齵ͨǺܺʹģǶҶҿȴûʲôЧͬΪˣɷǵʴЧǺܺá
ɽߣʦ֣㿴
ҶֻǶǸаġˡɵ޷ʹýͷԸȴҶ»֮ûйŹɱҲҶⶫһа
źϾҪƮԼǰҶ˫ַɿؽָΪΪɿǰջ
󣬾֮ȼ
ҶͻȻһϺȣĺǰȻƾճһ⣬źС
ҶһڹŴڵǾԾˣƣ֮֮֮ɷӡ
Ҷ칵ͨΪȼеõȼһ޸֮յʢޱȣ޷ָʾźˣͱȫסˡ
ҶʩչȻ̫Ͼ𣬵Ļ¶ҲǼߡ
𱾾а֮Ŀǣ޷ķɽȻǺܿµаĽ壬ȻŻյÆ죬ڲϼš
Ҷʩչһ֣ԭһȻ޷ͬһָҶĵ㡭Žˣ
Ҳ֪ŽҶһЦ˵ûи˵йĵҰ
ҶʦƾõĳУͱĹɶмβЩɵĴС
ԲǵĽͷŷ޵ĺħЩˣٸҵлҰ
ʮǳпսУеĶҲڰнţȻǸ˴ܿ䣬ҲԪ
ȵ֮󣬹ҽпѧ޷͵󶼹ൽ˷⽨֮дӴ͸СˣºܶഫжʧԴһ겻
ǹڵĲҲͬŴжϾΣ⼸ʮҲûнͷʦйڣŽѵƽһʱ䡣
޷ΪŵǰĻǿ϶Ȼ󲨣˵Ҫ
ǵ㡭ҡҪɱ㣡
޷һ֮󣬾ͻعΪԼķɽ̶̵ʮڣȻѾȫǻȼմˡ
ɱɱ
֪Ҷ˺޷޵˼㣬Ȼ˵Ŵ󻰣ʵҶɵ֮
޷ǸͯʱһαʦȻ˵ӻص̩˽ʱ䣬Żָ˹
޷ʱʦе֪Ǳйŵ˵ģ޷ýйʮ޷ʼղΥʦѵ롣
Ȼ֪Ҷݺͱ˷ɽ޷ȴô£ΪһŵƣǾǡ
̩һֱӰĸ޷ˣʵϸ˵Ѿˡ
ڽͷ˱֮Ϊ족ǽͷ𿴶ǽͷʦǧ򣬵족ֵģԲˡ
족ͷƣĿ̣ҵʷϵˣȫ޷֮½˲ɱִܶǹ֧һֻƻԲ񾭡
ڰɱ󣬽ͷʦһʩʮ֮󣬾Ƴôһ߷˷ǹĹҲǻʬͱΪˡ족
Ʒ̩ʵʧˣʮ䶼ûƳ
šɳʮǰһżȻĻУõаƷľ׼ϵ˳šɳƳ족
ϸ˵šɳƵ족Ǹʧ壬ΪĹ첻ͳһ㣬ֻججӡ
ȻʼղšɳҪģѿƹķӺԼȥ׼ˣƳĹ
Ȼ޷ǹĹڳɷȫҶǿǿȾɱˡ
أ
޷ָ󣬷˷ǹİзһûκڣҶҿ
Ҷҿڿɳĺ棬Ͳ֪Ҫ·ǰƤɳȻץ˫˺ѿ
ģʲôﰡ
ı֣ҶҲ⣬æһǰɳʱָкȵ˳СԪʼǻԪɢŹԣ޵ҿ
ҶĶϺȣԭڿмµһһɿ񱩵ɷ֮𣬾ŹɱͬһŴ
ԭźüƹޱȵĿ˲󣬶վڴſڴ޷ǰǻɵһƬȫҶҿĴˡ


320 ߣ
󷨣
ԭ̩Ȼ޷ڷ龰ͻ֮¶𾪵ɫ彩Ӳԭأһƶ
޷ʦ˵뵽֮Уǧ߶ͻɱ󣬴Ӷɷġ
Ҫ֪޷ʦšɳڽͷϵԶԼʢʱȻϳ˴޷ΪԼǿʦ
޷ҪǿʦΪʱվķλŹɱڣȻΣҲûܵɷĹ
ɱǣɱǣ޷ķⶼˣ֪ǾסԼĹġ
šɳЩ֮ԵѰҽͷеĶϾУ˹죬Ըй󷨵ġ
û˼άɵĻþӰ죬ټϹͨ嶼ɷɣ󷨵ɷǶȫЧ
˵ˣõκΧһּͻþܸĴ
޷ĽУ찢ӿٶȣ嵽Ҷҿǰһ˫Ѫ˫ͫȭҶȥ
ʦ֣ȥ۱䶯󷨣ס
Ҷ״ӭȥһһͰѹǧ֮⿪ҰҲĵǰȥ
˸ձǵҵѧ˵˳ȻˣվĶһҪøվʱǡǡ㡣
ҶһˤɳϵĹ죬תֽŲã籩ҶϮȥ
˹Ȼ֮ˣټšɳýͷƣͬӲҶһ׽ĹȴԱ
ҶȭȻˣԹҲ޷κε˺ֽűʹ
⵽ʲô
֪ƣִӵȥԼҶһಽתɵתԷ絶һӰļм仮
ϸĻҶָм䣬һ޺У˳Űĺ󱳾͸
ʲôû£
Ҷһ۾ʱԲˣΪ֣޺۳˽Է󱳵·Ȼ޷ƶԷƤֻ˳һɫӡǡ
һĻҶ¶˺ε𾪣Ҫ֪޺ȻȴǷ쳣
˭֪ȻƤƲǰ˾ǲѪ֮Ҷһĸо
ģҶҲ־ᶨ֮ˣĶԪ޺֮Уպùתһ˹ϡ
һҶۻԷǺϽƳģҶҲͱ
һ϶ʱһѪۣ۽ǵߵƤⷭ˳ͺ׶
أ֪ǲǱѪҰԣҰްĺҶĶ֮ǰȻӿ˼֡
ҹʱÿһȭĴ̺ɱɷамһζҶ첻֮У֮侹ȻȻЩͰˡ
ƶ
Ҷд󾪣û뵽çһļһȻͻȻͷų˹ƶԼ֮¾Ȼ˵
оظ䴫Ҷæȥõڵϵɳס˰¶ͳһƿҩС
Ҷ۵ƵĽⶾ裬Ȼʱ̻Ǻ㣬ȴרſƹƶõģҩظĸоʱ˼֡
ҶҲû뵽Ѳ˹ƶҶŶԷʱ򣬴ʦ֣ת󷨣ɱ޷
ŹɱɲվžܸǵģֻҪԼӱãҲܱΪأҶĺҿʱָΪ֮һ䡣
ԭվŴ޷ȻоԼһ㣬סˣҲЩ١
Źɱɷ˲޷г˻þղɱЩһצȥ
ƣƣ
޷Ǻɷ֮򽻵ˣǰĻþҲ壬ȡһǰЩɷγɵһӰʱʧˡ
ʲôϴŹ칥Ҷ죬޷еȻƵɷҲǲɳһ
¸£ǶҪ
޷ؿеƤƵлᦣۺ˸ֶɷԹˣ˵ޱȡ
лᦣ޷ҲǰγɵĻþǰȥվűߵģۿҪ֮
޷Ҳһ֪֮ǰ͸омǰѴЩ죬ȵ󷨿󣬸ȷ۵ڡ
ÿ󷨶䱡ĻڣҪǱƻҲͽʧȥЧ޷ʱþĿġ
ұ۶۵ҿ޷ֱ󷨣д󾪣Ҳ˲Լˣ粽޷ǰ
ҿǰ޷ȰƶҿͷĴ
ȻұˣҿҪԶ޷һԷĹصػ޷Ķϡ
ֻҿƵǣǧһƴ޷󣬾Ȼоǻһ޻ĺָоƵĲѪ
ɣ޷һЦҿƻûüջصʱǰһ壬ڵײҿĻС
ءһҿ޷ײȥͬʱڵѪ˳صص˵ϡ
ʦ֣ҿ޷кڵ֪ҶҲǺ۾
ͷʦǿ͹ҶԤϣǷ˷ǹĹ죬Ҷ˺ܴвȻ׼ǳ⡣
һŽǹ߿ףҶƶдµĵ֮ϡ
ԭҶ󷨽޷ģǹĳֺ޷еƤЧȫޣǾֻܺͶԷƴһսˡ
ӳҶ컹ǵһΣҲеѪԣظеĹƶȥѹˣµԼĹӭȥ

Ҷָ߾µҲ˵ϣȫע뵶УȥͬʱȻ¶һɽ֮һԼĵâ˳
ɣ
ǰĹ쾹ȻҶǧһֱ˰Ŵꡱһ죬Ǹߴ屻ԭء
һҶҲԷһۣһϵ޷ӭ˹ȥڵϵʦֻ֪Ҷ޷˺⡣
Ҷóµ֮ʱ󷨾ѾʧȥЧ޷պؿҶǴž쵶һ
Ҷʱ޷ŵһĻзһľ


321 ˣ
Ҷһ֮ҲûлͷһۣΪ֪ϲ˻й֣ס̺ȫһն
µսɱõĹҲ˵̲صɷµҲǰһˣҶҲĽһΡ
ҶعͷȥʱоһҺԼı󣬲ͳ˵ѪͬǹҺȴģûһ˿
㡭ɱ˰
վҶ޷ͻȻһؼΪĿжǲƥеĹ죬ʱȻҶһնΡ
׼ȷһ˵ӦһƬҶйʱ򣬳ڱܵķӦ΢Դµӹһֱնȥ
һٶ죬Ҷϵߵʱ޷ǰըѿͷ­֮⣬ֳƬ̵ĸһǡ
Ҷ첻֪޷ǶԹ֪֮
ýͷطƳĹ죬ͲԳ֮޷õȥƤֻһ׵㣬Ѿķ롣
޷֮ԸҴҡڵǰ̶ۣܴϾΪйߣıҲȷһʼҶԱ
˭֪ƺȻת£ǿ˹Ĺ죬ȻҶһƬ޷еĿ־Ըӣдһ֮ˡ
ߣҶʱзŭ֮֮ǰ׼˳㣬ȴû˹
²ʦˣҶԼҲ˴ӹɢĹƶӳûгԹôĿ
ʱ޷ܣҶϰݣڵϵµԵһ߸ߵ
߸̧µ޷ǿֻţҶһң
˭ҲȲ㣡ҶЦһµʹʱ򣬺Ȼоһɴӵ
ģ
Ҷͷһʱסˣͷ­õһ徹Ȼ߸𣬵ץסµĵ
ȻҲǿ֮ĩˣĳ棬ȴҶһ޷ûܳ˿֣ʱĶȴǱԳﶼҪ
⵽ʲôⰡ
ȻҲֶΣҶûһʬ׷뾹Ȼܴ
ķҶ첻룬ֳһµû鶯ɴɿ˵ֿȭ׷ȥ
޷ףҶζŹģĶҪ޷ݲ֮󣬾׷޷
ҶҲû໰һƾ޷ӡȥ޷ʱѾɥ֮ȮȻȴǲһͷʹǰܳ˺Զ
°ɣҶһХ޷ӵΧǽʱ򣬽
޷¶׹⣬ηֻҶǰѴ󵶣˿Ҷֿȭ׷ȴ޷˱˼
ҶԴѾǺ޼ѹûٺͶԷ˼һһƶ޷ؿڻȥ
Ҷһƣ޷¶һ˿ɫֻ΢΢˲壬ȴöϵķ⣬Ҷһơ
޷Сϰ̩ȭսʦϰ٤ϰ̩ȭӲ˶ˣȴͬһ
ȴ֪޷һ⣬ʵҲһ㼫ѵķֶΣһλ̩ȭʦںֵʱ򣬾Ǳ޷շʵģԻӶɱġ
ͬղźҿֵʱ޷ҿԼҿ΢΢֮ͻУҿײǲ֪
޷óһĿĺ͸ղһģһ֪Ҷҿȴͬһˡ
һƻ޷ĸҶʱҲ鲻ĸоǺһ֬ڲ֮䣬Ҷľˡ
Ҷ¶һ˿ЦûƬ̵ĳɣ޷ƺȻΪצָצһ㣬ץ޷ĸ

Ե޷û뵽ҶѸ٣оСľʹ̲סһȭҶŻȥ
Ҷ̧֣ס޷ȭͷڵһţ˳ǰȥץ޷Сϵֱ֣ͽĸǻ֮С
ҶҲץסʲôڶԷһһʹ޷Ķ˻һɫĳӺȻҶС
İϵ⣬ҶҲһθֱӾͰѳӸ˳ȥ
ҶȻ˯ҷظڣҲʶˣ˳ץǻǵһΣһʱθˮֱûŻ

޷ƽͷʱ˵ĳӾǾ£ԼĳӳǰǸоȴôá
޷շǳˣЩٴ򽻵ӦȴǱҶ컹Ҫһ㣬Ҷӳӵͬʱ־͸˻߶ʮһص˶
˵Ҳ֣Ҷһצץ޷СУ޷ûѪԭķ⣬˿ȴǽһ𣬿ȥͬûһ
޷٤ĺôˣӷ׷֣ʵԿڵÿһ鼡⣬ʹҲԶԶڳ˵ġ
ʱ޷ҲûҪɱҶ˼ˣҶ΢΢֮ʣתΧǽýݵľɽеԳﶼҪʰ·硣
ܣµҶưոݣҽΧǽһţ˫ǽϳһ£ƮƮķ˳ȥ
޷ʱ߹һκɽҪҶϤĶ࣬ʱȫǱֱɽҶ׷
°ɣ
Ҷһȭ޷ĺģ޷ΪʱѹС˴ⶼˣ޷Ҷ⺬һȭ˸ʵʵڡ
Ҷһȭ޷Ӵ徹Ȼջ˳ұڹȥڿеʱһЩʹӿ˳
ҶһȭҲ޷ұڣȥ޷Ͼȥ鿴ԼƣһţĿɿڴͲ֪ʲôɳ˺쿪
͵ſһЩںѪִ˳Ҫܵƣɥˣ޷ȴʮֵǿ
ߴߴ
ɳ˷˳ӵʱëͷ֪ʲôʱ˹ͻȻұϴȥ޷ַһҺҲ֮˳ȥ
ëͷ
ȻëͷȥˮģҶ컹ʲôʧҶĺëͷӳ˳ܵҶǰ
ߴߴߴߴֵ̧Сצӣëͷ˷ܵĳҶš
⡭죬ˣ
Ҷһ֮£ʱ۷ֱظеĹƶûѹסΪëͷУȻһ˵ӡ
ߣȥ
ѾչɽҶҲû˼ȥ׷ˣѣֱëͷһţҶ첻޷ܻš


322 
ҿδ֪Ǹ˷ǹĹҲ֪Σ۾ƺҲû뿪ҶظĹƶҲûбƳ
ʱҶȻȥ׷ɱ޷ҲˣοʦֵҪԶ޷Ҫöˡ
صһƬǽĴ֮Ҷ췢֣۾ߵ˴ſڣͷߴ紦ȻһųӡȻëͷĽˡ
ߴߴߴߴ
۾ߵʬ壬ëͷҶϴֻСצץסǳ׶Ľ۾ߣϵȥˡ
һƬǽ壬ƤǱ·һ鲻˵صѪʹ̱ǵȳζ֮Ż
Ҷһ۾ͿǸаˣʱѾϢȫޣϵɷɢȥ˿ֲǣԭֵ壬֪ΪѾʼ˸á
Ҷȥ̶̵߰˷ʱ䣬ץסµֱۺ¶ƤȻԿɭɭ׹ˡ
ΣҶЩˣӦǱĳֹصƹģʵѶϾֻ֧ͨ塣
ҶһնΣƻƽ⣬ʹɷʧŻ⸱ģġ
ڽͷеҶҲ£ﵽľ磬ȻҪʹȫɱˣɼͷǣ˵ġ
ʦ֣ʦ֣
˼ҶŲûͣסղҿʵĵطҶȴǷѾһˡ
Ҷ죬ҡ
Ҷĺɳһֻ֣Ҷæ˹ȥҿֽһӡ
ʦ֣Ҫ˵Ҷסҿָ֣һ̽ԭŵʱ
ҿȻȥͦҵģʵĸֻܵһЩ΢ˣڱ޷ײеʱҿھԶסҪĲλ
ȸˣҿС۵ƷҪһЩһȭҿС۹Ѿơ
Ҷӿڴóһƿ۴Сҩ裬ֱҿĿУȻһˮҿҩʷȥ
ҩϵʣµˣӹҿѾһ˿
Ҷ콫ҿɳ֮һ˵ʦ֣ԲҴˣ
ȻҶ޷صѾ˼ӣҲİţҲΪЩţҶٵ֮ʱȴ˾衣
ҶԼʱŹɱ󷨣޷סԾʦȥǹ콻֡
Ҷôû뵽ѹͲˣһ֮¾ҿˡ
ҲܹҿѧղҶϹ죬֮Ҳһ˿ƣֱڻѹظ֮ء
Ҷʦܣ⡭鲻㣬ģԷδؾⰡ
ҿ֪Ҷ˵ûм翪󷨵飬İ˰֣˵ʹ󷨣Ҳһսġ
Ҷһ㶣̶˹ӹĳ֣޷еǲ֪ʲôɵĿɷһ޷Ӧ󷨵
˲֪ͨ󷨣Ϊλô׼أ
Ҷߵű߽޷µһʱüͷЩְĽ˵ϡ
ҿҶľٶʵҶʦܣôˣ
ʦ֣ƤᦣҶı飬ȻͷеֶΣǹҲЩаȴ֪ġ
ʦܣ˵ʦ˹šɳҿͻȻʵ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ǰʦ˵šɳûôΪ޷ֶôడ
ԪȻûϸ˵šɳֵΣžסšɳȻһơ
šɳҲͷų潵ҧԪһڣȻóӳ˷󣬶˵Ľܾˡ
Ҷ췢ⳡֱһߵΣҲҶ˼֮
ҶʦܣǵˣҿЦҶ˵ʦܣ᲻ͬһϳο
ʦ֣˵šɳص̩֮󣬾רǵ֮оˣ
ҶԶʱ˹һŽ˵޷ЩֶΣǿ˾Źɱ󣡡
Ǹ˷ǹĹ죬û˼ά󷨶ԾǸЦ
޷еƤᦿɷĳ̶ֳЩĹЧʹ޷ɷţһŹɱ޹ؽҪˡ
Ҷ˵ûšɳԪ´֮󣬻ص̩Ϳʼϰйŷ
֮аԭšɳҲŵ
šɳҲһλͷвţȻ޷Ӹȥ⣬Ǿñİ취ȥƽ⡣
ɳ辶ĶͷƳ˿մɷƤᦣȻ߱ǣõ˹Ʒ
˵šɳЩһֱйо޷ʱãҶ󷨲书ȴҲ֮еˡ
뵽ҶҲһɺ̩Ϻ̫ˣʦ缸ĻԲֵġ
ҿͬͨڣ̾ʦܣڶ࣬ҡȴˣ
ʦֽ̻ǣ
Ҷһݣæ˵ͷϸϸԴ뵽ľ֮оͲһµĸоȴ֮󣬲ֻһ֡
Ĳ˵ԪҲ뵽ľ磬ȻҲܻһٶʮֻ꣬ȱһ㲻Ӷѡ
ԪˣѱϾûٽӵеĸˣҶ֮ǰȷʵЩˡ
һսҲҶԷЩ΢ĸı䣬һ˵ĸ꣬жһ˿δ֪ľη
Ҷ˼ҿΪ𣬿ȰʦܣЩˣˣǸ޷ˣסûУ
ҿ֪ҶʵģԼûס޷ҶҲС
ʦ֣˽Ӧˣ
ҶЩһ˵ץ˳ӣĴҲһƣӦûˣ
Ҷһƿþȫľû˿ı˵ǻ޷˼⣬֬жҶҲаྡġ
նݲҶʦܣȥ绰һҪ޷ۣ
Ҷֻʦ˼꽭ҿټԼģԶҶḻֻ˲˷ĵġ
ǣʹ绰ҲҪʰһµġҶЦһжҲЩ
Ҷ첢ûѪˣ෴Ѿ˲ǻᶼˣٶྯҲҲͷϡ
οɲһѪȵĳ棬ҪǱ۰SirҶһ׼ȵʡҶ̻Ҫ͸۰̨ġ


323 ƺ
˹ʰ±绰ͨҶֱ˵Ҫоģⳡ治ÿ
ʱĴһƬǽ壬Ǳֳʬ˿˴ĿģҶ컹»û˵ҪǴķɨǾ鷳ˡ
Сү׵ģ˵ͷǰ򶷣ȱ첲ȵûټҲо顣
ˣȥ޷䣬Ҫ뿪ۣҶȻоųɰ޷ȥʬȻʵ
ôСүˣЩ㵣ҶǾһôȻᱻܵˣ
ˣץ°ɣϢ֪ͨһҶЩȻҲǸо޹⡣
ںӱвʪЬģտɲ˵˵ģڽˣûһǼ򵥵
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Ҷϵ绰Ҷ콫ҿ˶¥ԼǻصµɳϱĿ
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325 ɱ֣У
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ʱǼ¶İԼ˸ƵĴֻǼ¶֪Լǹ޷ɷȴǳݡ
ĪõһĴ֮Ҷ켴ʹҲ۹Ǽ¶ڵǹŨԹѵ۾
BelugaƳɵӽܵζܡ
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ӽȻϡ٣ҿҲǾԵģǰЩBelugaƳɵӽݳʳƷҲҪǰܾԤܳԵõ
Ҷ죬ȳͷٺȺƣҪľͺˡ
ӽõԽãڸоͻԽҿҲҶףӾ׼ˡ
ҿľٶվһԵǼ¶¶Цݣ˵λ˵òҰλƣȳ԰ɣ
ЩӽǼ¶˱ˮϡͺ軯أӽζԺܺõ軯ֿʵζ
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ۿԼҪɣǼ¶泩ޱȣֻҪҶҿӽôֽһȱİɱ
ڸƵ˶ᱳϺڹ飬Ǽ¶ȻϵģƵȱ˷˵ʬʱѻصļˡ
ҿѾӵݵߣҶһץס˵ʦ֣𼱰Ⱥƿ֮ɭһƷѵõζ
Ҷ첻ҿ϶ӽʲôʣޱʳʱоȻֵսľĸо
ҶԿ϶̱֮Ϊɫƽ𡱵ӽ֮ҪԶ޷۾ߡ
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һϣǼ¶϶Щӽڴ˿̣Ҳһӽ뵽Լеġ
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ҶҡҡͷϾĿǰɱ֣ԷװͲԱɱȷҶϣֻȴ֪Լɷѳݡ
λҲ֪˵ʲô
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ʱǼ¶ע϶ҿϣΣĸӦҿһΣյҶ죬Ǻͨûʲô
Ҷ죬˵ҿİ𣬼Ҷ̬ȣﻹ᲻ף
Ȱñ𶯣Ǽ¶һЦĴӺȻһѼǹ
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Ǽ¶׼۶ҿʱͻȻ֣ԼʳָȻ޷ˡ
ˣǼ¶ϺȻеһ䣬ȫҲֱסˣлԼ˼ά֮⣬Ѿȫָˡ
йо仰㣬㵽ҼӽҵĴ֮㲻ԣǸӣ
Ǽ¶ֲҶЦվذǼ¶еǹȡ
ڵһۼǼ¶ʱҶͷݡ
ɱֻ֣ҪԶþѻǹɱԼĻ׵Ķ̾ڣûκɱ
ղҿԷעʱҶָһɷ֮ע뵽Ǽ¶ľ֮УȻ˲ҽȴܸıͬıʡ
ҶӢȻ˵ĿĿİͰͣе˼ȴǱۿҶͬһ㽫ԼλϣǼ¶ŵǻɢ
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ҶϴЦݣʵеŭѾȫȼɱ˺ɱ֮ȻǰֻǸߣҶȴûзŹκζֵϰߡ
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Ҷԥİӽ뵽Ǽ¶ĿУ˳ֽ°һУҶĶӽǼ¶ĺﻬȥ

ӽ¶֮ϵǼ¶ָжʱѾˣ˫ֶסԼĺͬʱǼ¶˴󷭵ڵء
軯صĶԹȻΪĻѧҩǼ¶ûü˼Լʮھ˺ɫѪ΢΢鴤֮Ϣȫޡ
⡭ʲôҩ
ŵϳѪĿǼ¶ҿҲǲȻɫŸղ㽫ӽеΣҿʱëȻ
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һı飬ҶԶۣ˻ûаµĹ򣬾ȻϮɱ۵ΰʲôʱôˣ
ûϵεҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
Ǽ¶ʱһֱҶͷӰҲɢˡ


328 ²Ƶ
˽ɱֽլӵ󣬰ʬЩ˶ˣδͲҶˣÿ춼Īʧٵġ
ûãµķҲˣȻЩִ٣Ȼʧʢ
ʱһֱϮɱţ˴ˣҶͷһʯȥˣ˲٣ҳһƿǰ찢úþƣҿ
¶Ǻҿڰ಻סеĺ棬Ҷ쿪ʵҶ죬ηǸɱֵģ
ҿʮۣʱѾʮʮϴҲǸϽˣôûŪҶοɱ¶ġ
ҶЦŸʦֱ˾ƣ˵ʦ֣ɻ
ҿ˵ͷȻˣ῰ߵθ˿ˮ
ʦ֣迪Ŀ֮Уɹ۲ɷղǸɱֻɷƣⶼǱ֮ģʲô·𣿡
Ҷ˵ĿλڱǸӡõλãӡýȥ磬һɹһĶִҽѧ֮Ϊɹ壬оΪɹ˻˵Ĥг
Ŀͨ󣬿ԵĶǺ׵ˣǰСĸ岻ãۻδȫ˻׿һЩ˿ԵĶ
˺Ŀɹȫ˻պϣٿԵĶˣҪٿˡ
ŽУĿʲô֮أдеķˮʦѰѨʱʱĿĿԹ۲ؼķֲ
Ŀڵ౻֮ΪۻǶۡһĵʿῪۣΪۻ١
ԼʹǷˮʦҲֻڼ̵ʱڿȥߵģҿȻеû¼˾ͿĿȥ۲ķֲġ
֮⣬þħӡţᣬǾˮʦӽӡҶҲʱĿۡ
⻹һ켲ۣҪΪڵƫ棬ȱݡ
Щ˾ȻᾭһЩɷγɵĪĳҲ׳ƵļԵҵ˶ܲһ㶼ʮġ
ʦܣҪң
ҶĽͺҿ۾һҶԵڿʱصӦĿҿ߷ˮԼĺôʹȥˡ
Ҷɫ¶Ϊѵɫһ¿˵ʦ֣㹦δľ磬ѧģǿʩչֻᵼѪټ˵ģ
ҶֻΪ˻شοɱҵһɰˣҶĿȴʮʱõкĪͳֵġ
ʵϸ˵Ҷܹ˵˫۾ѾۣԳ֮ΪˣѾ뵽ͨķ֮ڣֻҶԼҲ֪ˡ
ⱲӿҲ޷뵽ľˡ
ҶĻҿյҡҡͷѮʱܹһˣȻøٽһȴǲܵˡ
ҿҲϰ֮ˣ֪Щǲǿģ˰˵ˣ˵ˣʦܣ׼ʲôʱؾǣ
Ҷһ£˵ٹһڰɣû߿
ҶٸߣҲǸʮĴкΪ֮Ĺʶлǳġ
Ҷ컹Ӧ˰ССѰɷźҲҪٴһڵʱŹá
Ҷʦܣȥס죬öתתе£æ֮Σ
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ôУĪʦּСס𣿡ҿӡ
ãҸȥ𣿡ҶЦŴӦ
ҿҵķȻȲԶĺլôţҲڴ֮ˣŶԺСִĵطûмǧ붼Ҫġ
ҶĲҲǲڵģΪⶰһӶ֮⣬ҿԼסġ
Ƿ˷ˮʦȱԵʣҿɥޣֻһŮŻ˳ΨһһŮġ
Ҷͣҿ˼ӣŮŮһ춼ٻ˼ҡ
ҿŮʮͷ䣬ˣǾأҿĽܺ󣬶ҶСʦĳƺҲеų⡣
һһүţ֪Ҷ챾µģ뷽跨ҪҶѧһյǺǢ
극ҿкҶŮɳϣʵ׼ôˣʽ𶼳𣿡
ʻæֱ壬֣Ǳڴ̣ԭʯļ۸˺ܶ࣬׼Ǯá
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ԱߵҶ˾죬Ϊҿ˵ͨҶЩûͷûԵġ
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һֻĴȥˣĸطãϯһ죬ǳҪ®ν®ɽ䣬ˡ
ڡơȴҪؼһˣûǮĻȥʦʶ飿ȥķӼʶ
˵Ҷ죬ҪûǮ޷ĺԺܰڳ󷨣Ҫͻľ磬ֻ羵ˮˣɴ˿ɼǮƵҪˡ
ҿʮۿһҽ꣬ѾչΪҷֵ鱦ˣȻܴЩֺţ鱦ҵҲЩ
ֻǽƽƷڼ٣ʯǴܶ鱦˶Я޿ȥĲȡԭʯ
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ҿ˵£Ҫȥμ鱦֯һԭʯ׻ᣬ乫ոսԭʯӵ뵽ۡ
ʯأҶ첻ЩĶ˵ʦ֣Ҳû£ȥʶ°ɣ
ҶʯҪܸߣǰʱõһЩʵʯ󷨣޷ҲδؾƤƽ⿪ġ


329 ԭʯ
ôʯҲоҶĻҿЩ˿ʦһۣδⶮҲ̫˰ɣ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʦ֣ҲǸҲţҲá
ʯȻʯɫޣҶЧò󣬵õʯԣǿΪͲõġ
ΪֹҶǮѾǧˣҶǲʯĺûǸʯ̺Ķжϵġ
ɣҶ죬ʯĻǹҿԴԶһֵʱȽ϶̣Щܵ׷ġ
ռԡˮߵϱ֮⣬ҿʯҲʮϲú;ͨģǰЩܹʯĲ˻ʯЭء
ҿŮŮʯмңŮֲϲЩѵҶȤϲĸ
֣ҶһٵһʦɡҿŮΣڴԼϰֵĻ
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ҿרŵĿͷҶ쵹ҲϲķΧڶһճԹͣͳҿı档
Сүүģ۲ҲҪȵĲǣ
ҶɫݣЦҶûȥסԶΪҶˣһðˡ
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Ҷδ˵˵֣ǸүүߵĴɵϴκֵġ
ߵ˰˵ͷӵ￴һҶ죬ȴûٶ˵ʲô
ҲǸˣԶǻ治һϵˣȻͨҲʶЩƽʱȴûʲôӴġ
ղŰҶǰͷģɶı壬Ȼûжʣȴֶ˼ֺ档
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ҶҿЦص˵֪ʯֵǮ𣿡
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Թԣ⡭Щʯ𣿡
˵뵽ⳡڣҶԭʯΪβھƵˡ
ΪԭʯҶĶЩĥδԭʯһСһʯͷ
ЩԭʯСȭͷ󣬴׳شǧģĲ˵Ǻѽ˵Ƶġ

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ҿʲǺܶ࣬ۼȫ˸ĵطǰȥʯеУǼ鱦Ҳġ
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ҲӦϡΪ仰ҿ׼һвУں̵ܶʱھͲ˸ʦͷ۵ʿһҿռΪ١
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ȻֻǸ֮أƼ߻ӣ㣬ɲǽб¾еģҲǲɻȱġ
ʱҿҲɧŵĿܲˣһ˵λȽԭʯˣҸطºȲɰɣǼСɻ۰Ͱ͵Щʯء
˵ģҶѡԭʯɣΧˡ
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ֲˣܼȥɾͺʦԼ˰
ҿһ仰ȴóڼᣬҿȺҶǰ
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ǰھҶҲʯԭʯͨӦԭʯǿӶжϳѡʯƷʡ
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Ҷ󲻽֮ͷҲЩɥԭƾŶĸӦúŪʯȥء


330 
ҶĻҿЦ˵㿴ͶˣҪȻôжʯأ
ž׼Ĳҿûκԣռ֮ȥĲĻҲỵһЩ˵ļɻ䡣
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ʯͲһˣЩһľ䣬ڴĥ֮ǰǱһʯƤסˣֶΣҲ뿴ʯͷصľʲô
ʮǰһνӴԭʯҿ˶ʯнƣʮ׬٣һЩ˶ĵҵ
ЩʯͷһôܿǷ񣿡
Ҷ¿˽űߵļʯͷҡͷ⻹ǶİЩʯͷ涼û˲Ƕ𣿡
˵ʵҶʯûʲôо𶼷ֱ治
ӲȫûиҶ쵱Ȼ֪ԭ˵ģЩƷһǴЩƳªԭʯиġ
ʦܣʹˣЩԭʯǴϿӿɳģʮа˾涼ģֻƷʲһˣ
ҶĻҿЦҶһٶصԭʯԱߣָһп˵ʦ㿴ԭʯǱпģǸĵӣо˾ܴпжϳʺûӶǷ򡭡
ŮŮȥѡԭʯҿǴҶڳݸԭʯĲͬҶʯһЩ֪ʶ
ʯ˸֣䲻ȷȻܴ
ҲģЩԭʯı棬϶һЩ绯ƻ縴ڣЩжԭʯƷʺûҪء
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ȫĵķռΪʯƤϵжϣ˭ҶʲôпܻһֵǵļƷ䣬ʱȴһС
ڰģһЩḻĽʯʦԭʯһЩиһԣΪԭʯϵЩпڣĺۼ
ЩҪˣͻЩпڻ߿¶ֱԭʯ֮л̺Ʒʡ
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ʯǰʮ뵽йģ⼸ܵ鱦̵ӣʯҲʢÿ鹫֮ԭʯףҲ𽥳һЩ鱦ǰнĳ
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ֵԭʯֻʮ鱻пģǧ鶼ȫӣҿ֮ҲЩΡ
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۰Сˣ㻹϶ʯСǮˣҿЦȻͶԷ졣
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ǰпۣΪıȡ󣬲Ѿ˲ˣ඼ֱӾͰѿɳԭʯ
ڳڵЩӣһЩпģֻǽʯķ̫ԲȫӶ࣬ëٵΡ
ˣν׵ԭʯ۸ҲҪȥɣԭܼ򵥣Щԭʯ˿ɶðΣգ齫ԭʯͳİ
ãǼСɲඡ
۵ĽͺҿԳЦҲûôϣƷ鱦ҵ۱Ȼߣͻƽʯһġ
ʦǼͷҶˣĿȥˡ
۵ĻҶ첻࿴˼ۣǲϲŮǺլҲܴ󷽰


331 ʯ
ǺǣۣҺһҲͼӣ˾ͷͲ
۵ĻҿһЦȴû˳ˮ飬ڵݵλΪǷ飬ǾǼ顣
֪仹벻ҿ۵ģҲЦ˵ʦҪǽһȣ˭Ʒãô
˵⻰ûƵ˼ڰĵûвĵˣҲֻΪν׻Щͷˡ
ڳȦǺܳ飬Լ˴߶ʱ򣬾ͻкģһ˶ҪʮԪƵġ
ȻǵңǮͲʲôҲ˺νСˡ
ãȻ£ͷӾһģ
ҿҲͶԷС飬˵ۣҪӮңҾͰһԣСֵܵ飬ͲҪˣ̿Υɻ
ҿĻɫһݣشǣʦҲˣҪˣԭʯͶˣ
ҿ⼸Ѿٸռˣһǧˣ֪ԼʹʦģҲǺֵõһ顣
ȷ˶עҿҶ죬˵ʦܣҪúѡʯͷҲУԼתתҲԣҪǲȤĻǱȥȺȲɡ
ʦ֣Ͳùˣ˵ҲļʯͷġҶЦŰ˰֣ʾҿк
һĻȴģҲ֪ҿʦܣȻģȴҪύҶ˼ˡ
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ͣ΢Щ̣Ѯ֮鷳ϣ˵֮֡
үǸĴܲȥһֱ⹫ˣ⹫ٸƱԣһֱûӦû뵽ôƻöʯ⹫
ȻûʲôøУ֪ĵǺ
ԭȥ޽ڷ籩ʼ֮ܵ˺ܴĳʲˮͷö֮ʣʮǰҿһ
ҿʮǰΣʮʱƲ֣֮ȥԼպʮҵҿѯƽ֮ġ
ʦ˵ǸСֵ˭أҶʵ
Ǹǰʲôزͯʮͳ򸻺֪Ůǣ۳Ʊνڷ籩Ҳȫһƶϴˡ
Ȼӡ˵ʱ¶һֻɫŮĵ˶Ǻ˰ɣ
ô˰ҶվĵʱһŮ
ѭȥھҶԶĵطվһһŮԼϲ¶ϲɫӴҲ˰
ܴԱߵ˶ǶŮȥһľ࣬ûߵߣ첲һǺ˵ģ㺰ǵСС椣
ⲻǸ˲ź𣿡æġ
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ǸŮһҶ죬ϺȻ¶ɫЦǶСʲôʱҲĴ˰Ȼľҵˣ
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λǣŮߴߴģҶкЦվƷͷ㣬Ҷȴǲϰߡ
ҶĻָǸŮԱߵ˵үз۹ǽ̫鱦ĽӰˣСʱֵƵģǶ򡭡
˱˵һΣԵСʱҲݡ
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ãˡһЦָŮүҵĺѣСġ
ٽУƺֹ˵ģǰŮЦһš
λҶҶǶĳ۹Ϊ˱ȽϳȣŮԱߴ֣ȴǺҶڨ
ǣҺ⹫ЩԨԴҶЦŵ˵ͷҲô£Сӹˡ
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ҿʲôˣ۹Ȼ֪ģҶҿʦֵܣǾԼĳֻҶҲ߯˵㣬˲֪úʲôˡ
ҶʲôȻ˶ԷĲȻЦ֣ģԼȥתת
ףүأعʱҶѾʧǰ
ŮǲϷŹЦ˵үеС˧Ǽ۹ˡ
ʲôǲ֪ү˵ͷȴҲ϶ˣűͲΪ֪ҪǱ⹫֪Լ˵˵һ׼ûùӳԵġ
ҶԶˣʱվһشǧĴëԱ߳˼ţҲǳһ顣
һëϣӵһ౻п˺ܴһڣֻһȴпˣΪǸȫǰɫ״ᾧ壬û˿ı֡
ȫĵӶʯƤס޷Ӧĵӿ԰пĵطӦÿԸӦɣ
ղҿҶ콲ȫëϺͰëϵʱҶͶ˼뱦ɽֻǲķ񣬼ȻˣܹҪеջɣ
ʵҪȺҪӲһЩʺʱ̺赼󷨣ҵõļƷ䣬뵽ĺԺϼǱɷҲпܵġ
ֻҶļ۸񣬺õ䶼ǧģƾǵǲŰԭʯ档
˿Ҷվ￴ڴԭʯʵһϢ뵽ǰԭʯǿ֮ˡ
ѹ˵ǶʯأһûУ˭˭ù
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ͬʯԴ䣬ȴʮֵĴҶŵǸϲЩƣǼ֮γɵġ


332 
ôһʯͷôһ䣬̫˰ɣ
ҶҡҡͷܸӦõǧʯ䣬ֻȭͷСҶʱԭʯʧȥȤ
뿪п˵ԭʯҶڳת˴ԭʯװĵӲֻ࣬ʮ飬СʱҶȫˡ
ֻǽҶЩʧЩпԭʯУһ붼ϡһ̫С֮һȫһĲֵʯͷˡ
үȥҶ˰ˡ
ҶоЩڿʻص᳡ſȥҵˮȵʱǰ߸ŷ۹ˡ
Ҷֵؿ˼һۣ˳ִһƿ᳡ṩĿȪˮ˵ڿЩԭʯôˣ
죬˵⹫հҽѵһ٣˵û㡣
һܶ˲ɰʦʲô£
ҶЦ˵ıǺһ£ԼȻСǰһֳĸо
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Ҷҡҡͷߵҿߵ˵Ǹɽʦ֣ʯŵ̫ȫ
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˵ǸʮˣʯЭĳ£ⳡԭʯ׻ᣬġ
۵ԭʯףȴǺ乫ͬ
Ĺϣ֮⣬аʽͶдԭʯţȻдԼͶͳƳ˭ļߣԭʯ͹˭С
ҪӿͶ˽⣬úܵ͵ļǮͶǵëϡ
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ҲҿЩεԭȻ죬Щˣȴʵġ
ãҪǱһԭʯļΪһǧ۱ңȤѿԳˣ
ڳĶ鱦ҵͬУûбҪ˵̫ĳ滰ܿͿʼˡ
Űгڸո¶ͷʱ򣬻ûǰ㶯ǧĴֱͶʣԭʯļ۸ԱȽϵͣļҲǺܸߡ
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г𽥱ϿɵĽ׶Σ鱦ǴʱԴԭʯǱȽԺǵġ
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һЩֱȽϺõԭʯĳ֣ļ۸Ҳ̧ҿոµıΪߵǿӣ㻨ٶ
۸񣬻Ǻܶ˿ҿûмĵĽǿӿ϶ĳ˰ġ
ʦ֣⡭ֵ˭Ҳ֪û䰡
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ҿԿЦ˵ǰǶʯǵĻܾͻֵһǧ࣬ҪʲôûУǾǶĿˣ
ҿĻЦʦһܺãȥɾǱİ
鱦ҵÿ֯Ľ׻ᣬӦһЩȣҲ֮ͬչʵһᡣ
ԭʯĽ׸γһǾÿĽ֮󣬶Ҫѡһֵߵ䣬衰ĳƺš
ȥʱҿʮ۱ҹõһԭʯȻֵܼǧϵĸ߱䣬ȥġƺš
ƺȻûʲôʵԵĺôԼ鱦֪Ȼаġ
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ʯڶʽͶĲĲƴ֣ո֣ʮõԭʯˡ
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ڶʮǰҿʱһķˮʦƣ˵ҿ˵ҿ֮ѹȥ
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һʼʱ򣬻û˽ºҿϵһ𣬲һĹ˿дҿһ֮ǰȥˮʦء
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ֹ˰СʱҲеβʦԭʯҶһ顣
˵ǽ˵ʯͷôôߵļ۸񰡣
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˵۵Ǯ˾Ƕ࣬ոջǿԭʯĵļ۹ߣͽ۸̧ת֮͵߰ٶ۱ңλԭʯѾǲⱾˡ


333 
ڶǷԭʯ׷̶ȣԶԶҶԤϣȭͷôһ䣬򶼲ֵá
һǧ۱ңҳһǧ򣡡
Ҷû뵽ǣߵ۾Ȼֳˣһ°ļʮ۸һڶʱž
ǿԭʯȻƤз绯ѢһѾпˣֵˮһ룬۳һǧڱ﴿ǰܼΪȴҲû˿Ϻˡ
ãһǧ۱ңްԭʯˣ
ѯû˱ۺʦصԭʯ׵˽׼˽ʯߣֳʯѻ׼
ڵҲĽʯΪĶǵģмȲ鱦̣ڽת֮Ѿˡ
ҿҲվ˵Ҷ죬߰ɣʯڲǿʼأ
ҿߵԺԭ°ڵϵԭʯԱΪһѶѵİڷŵʮ룬ʱѾæµ
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Ҷ쿴ЩԺƽһνӴʯȫûκεĸỹţǲǰʯͷûȥµпأ
ҿЦŬŬ죬˵Ǳ߲нʯ𣿡
Щ֣
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ҿԼˣʲô鲻ģҶҲнˣЦãҾˡ
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ʯҪģҪƵ򻭳ȡ˵䣬ľµİ
ҿ֪ԼʦܶԶʯһϲͨӸҶŮŮԭʯ˽⣬ǲȥЩ쿴ߵĹ
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һԭʯӱƤ϶ܿһЩɳȫһںƤڸǣҲΪǿëϣʮľſ֮˵
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ҶʯͷȻıˣҲһȥģҶɵĻָᱻһԺӵ˸Цġ
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ǣôСҲҪУ̣𣿡
߰ɣɢɢˣһɳӣûʲôÿġ
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ҶֵܣӲеģƤûϾܿˡۿҶԱЦŵݹһɰֻҶ콲һ÷
лл֣֪ˣ
ʯԭܼ򵥣ҪպûѶȾͱȽϴ΢һͣҶʱ˹
ƤҲ֪ʲôˣ⻹ڶġ
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Ҷ־󰡣ɰֱĥĲˣҶһܽԭʯĥɷĩ
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ҲǳҶϲʯΪ׬Ǯܲһ̵С
Ҷ죬ɣע㣬ǧҪɫ䣬ܱߵɰᾧȥˡ
ҿ˻һɰ֣ɰֻֻҶ죬ʹǱʯͷˡ

ҶʱһͷˮأҲ֪⵽˶Ǯӹҿɰֻ󣬡ꡱæ
ҶڲʯͷʱƺյȴǼãÿÿڽӴʱܼʱջû˵˿⡣
ξۼ˾͸ӶˣҶĶһЩмҾڰͷ֪Ҷνʯһ׼ΪǸϵĽʯʦ


334 Ʋ
˽ʯСϸƻԭʯеʹ۸
ҶȴǷ֮еɰֻһֱûͣתһԵľսһϡ
ͷβҶֶ̩ɽһ㣬ɰƬһʯм֮һȼСһ䣬Ҷ֮С
ⶫԣС˵㣬ǿԵɼҼ
ĵ䣬Ҷĥʯͱ˵ĽǶȫȻͬһʶˮֻǿ
䱻ȡ˳ҿ˵Ҷ죬øҿ
ʦ֣ⶫֵǮҶ־Ͱ˹ȥղڽʯʱһֱڴ󺰶ǶǵģҶĪ
ˮǺö
ҿһϾͿ佱Ҷ㿴仹δĥˮһ͸ͽ֣ڲֵˣǿ鼫Ʒӡ
ʦֵ֣Ǯ
Ҷﶮʲôֲֻ֣ϵⶫļ۸ùȻǺö֮Ǯˡ
ˮͷ治һǲˡ
ҶĻҿϧҡҡͷ˵ӵ̻ǲģܴĥʮ棬Ӧÿһʮ򵽶֮ɣ
Űг۸ʮֵأƷ䶯ʮϰ򣬶ȱԲһŴ֮ģ۸ҪϺܶࡣ
ʵҿ⼸ûйע鱦˾⣬Ҳر˽⣬۸˵˵㣬׼ȷ˵ƳƷĻӦÿļ۸
Ͽӵ𽥿ɴֲҲС˺ܶһƷ֣ۣȻҲڡ
٣򣿡ҿĻҶ˶סˡ
Ĺƣôһ㶫ֵʮ򵽶ˣҶôû뵽ҿļ۸񣬱ԤƵĻҪʮ౶
ôֵǮ𣿡
Ҷʹһڿˮ˵ûǮԶ˻ת˺Լ׬ǮǽȻָͬܡ
һһǮпƲʲôرĸܣҪǰһֽǰԻٺܶġ
ֵǮǼƷֵǮ
ҶģҿЦμλСһ׼ƷΣ˵Ҳûﵽֵ֣ڣ˵ֵֵǮ
Ҷʱһ˼˹˵λСֵܣҳתøҵˡ
⼸дָܶСϰϲҳֺˬиϸһĻʹ۶򣬻нһռġ
Ҫ򣿶Բ𣬲
ҶЩ˵ۻ򼸸ֻˣҡͷ˵Ҳʦ֣Ǯģȥˣ
Ȼ㲻ﲻҶҪĳ̶ȣ󷨣ȴС˵㣬Ҷ治֪ô
ҶҲûôƤϾⶫȻԼģȴҿǮġ
ⲻǾͰˣڽ˿鼫Ʒ䣬Ҫ˵ĻԼĳ͹ѿˣҶҲˡ
𰡣Ҷ죬ʦֿɲմˡҶĻҿæҡͷ
˿Цˣʦ֣ŰɡҶҿһۣѹ˵Ǽ͸ˣʲô
ǡðɣҶ죬ͷ뿪۵ʱʦٸ׼㶫
ҿһҲǣҶǷҪ۵ЩǧϸŻǼֵɲܱġ
Χ˶࣬ȥҲÿҿͰǿȴ⣬Ҷ뿪۵ʱһҪݴ
ôˣĥþùɣ
Ҷ˸ź죬ҿ⼪ͷ˳ƽԼЩԭʯ⿪´Ů
֣ˣԽˣкżԱ򵽵ʮԭʯ˹
ҿŮߵԭʯһ飬˵ͷ˵ֲֵУʯɡ
ԭҿҶʯģҶʯʱǹ;ջǴͷ
ֻҿ֪ҶѶƿصϸ΢ľأղŽʯʱ³çʵȫ֮еġ
ʯҪҶضˣÿһҪͣ¹۲һȻǽʯȷҶͿĿҪǷˡ
ʦ֣ǽţĴתתһ֮ҶЩģ̧ۼԶȻҲſʯͷں˵Ц˹ȥ
ǰİļҶ˵СӾȻҲʯ
СүˣҲ˿ġ
Ҷ죬ٺЦ˴ɱɱ֮⣬ϲľǶģʮǰͽҲȥĵˣʯַʽ̲ס
ϵܣ㡭㺰Ҷʲô
һԵĳƺ۾ЩֱˣҪ֪Զֶһ㣬Ҳҹġ
Ǻǣ֣ҺͰЩԨԴֽеġ
ҶЦЦҲûͣȴǸ᲻ѣԼ֪Խ࣬Խ͸ǰ֪Ӻζˡ
СүôǸղſҶˣæذԼʯͷ׼⿪ġ
Ҷϸ˰һۣЦɢëͫףǸʧƵùӣʯͷ
ʲôСүô˵ҶĻ󣬰ʱɥ
ҶûػصСҲûҪʯôţҵĻȥһ
ˣȻҪа
ǿСʯͷһʯϣҶĻҲȥʯˣֱӿ˺Ͻ֣һм
ˡԱΧ۵뷢һ̾Ϣ
Сү´Ҫǰк
ǷֳԭʯڵϣյҶǰȴûʲôɥɫϾʮ۱Ҷ˵Ҳʲô˵Ŀ
ԺմЩҶûص˰һۣҶݣûȥǲʺ϶Ĳ
Ҷֵܣ㿴ϸô
Ҷ߸ѵ갢ȴʳͬ⣬ҶЩЦôûǸȥѯҿ
֣ʵղŶ˿䣬ҶãҲú˼ƽϡ
ȻҪʵæ˵ͷʵһʣȴҶϵ
ãǾˡֱˡ
Ҷ춢ۿһᣬ˵֣°ϳ˸ƲƵ࣬۰׳ֳִѪ˿©Ƶ࣬ҿȰҲòȥ


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ҡ˵Ҷֵܣ㲻ǿЦİɣҶĻǿһ㶢Ҷ졣
۴ʱƼǿʹ޽ڷ籩УҲû˵ǣҶ˵Ʋ©ƵģۻĲôš
ˣȻҲŷˮң⻰ҿ˵ۻŸ߷֣ǴҶ˵ȫ͵ɸЦˡ
ҶһЦ˵֣滰е㲻ģ˵ˣŲžˡ
ҶûʲôĺúͻԼһëǮϵûУ࣬ѾǺܸˡ
ʵʤ۱磬ҶֵܣҪҪҽʯ
ҲһЦݵλȻȥҶģ˵ˣԼҪ滰
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۲һģһλʯרңղרѾԭʯҪиˣֻҪоˡ
ǽ׻ĴңҪʯȻһǰۿҿҲΧ˹ϾۻжԼġ
ǡǡ
һиԭʯĴ̶һȫӱ۴縵λøпˣʯַǺҶмһȥɾˬ
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ǰˣ
죬ˮϴ£
һʯͷոյڵϣۼ˿棬ʱַΧѬȾ£ʹԼǵʯͷҲѪȵġ
Ķʯʦϴʯм֮ǿֵ͸͸ͷۣ˵ˮͷһ㣬ˣ׬Ĳࡣ
ЩƮˮ΢һ㣬ֻﵽ֣һʹһЩֵҲѳҶһ顣
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۴İ˰֣Ͳں׬٣ҴʱҲŹɾҶ˵Ʋ©ƣϰ廹ǲа
°һԼ߰ʮԲεʯͷʯϣ۷˻ĺϽַˡѸٵת
ԭʯʯƤַǳĺãɫѢԣ˴ʯͷ㻨˰˰Žԭʯġ
ӵĻҲԼĥģϽǴ͹һ飬ǹĶͷƵġ
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ǡǡ
վǸˣؿһĨǰո׼ʱȴ֣ڵϵǿϣƺҲɫ
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һ˵ƷΪأõӶǧеԭΪ϶Ҵ󣬱һƷͬƳɡ
ӵϱжϣǾֻЩҼ֮ˣֵڰң֮ļ۸ǲĲһǰġ
ʯ˵̾ǵģһҪʯԣµԽһΪĻǼֵɾ֮ˡ
пˡ
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ʯͷп֮󣬹ۿʯ˷׷Χȥһϴϧı飬ֵǧӣڶֵֻİˡ
ȻҲǱ֣ɫȴǲֲǳһӵǺʵأĥɽ棬ȴԶҶһ飬ֻܵһЩҼۡ
˿̵ۣ˵״ԭһӱΪΣֵʱǴۿۡ
֪ȲһˣʯƤһܳ˰
һж˽İȻ۲ƴ֣ҲǸоЩۣϸ۲һǿëϺҲǴΪա
̧ȴǿЦЦҶ죬һݣ⡭ⲻӦҶƲƵ˵
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ʱҲСҶˣڽʯжССģֻ˵ĲǺܺãƷʶһ㡣
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Ҫ֪ɵռԻʮģҲ׳Ƶ٣ҿûӦѾǮܽˡ
Ҷ֪е뷨϶ܼȻëԼģ뵱ھǿ˾ʱҲһΡ
ʱѾ˴ļʮԭʯ⿪ˣҲ˲˱Ҫ߰˿ѹֿġ
һ˹ɣ׼ɢʱȴûۻһëϣǴ˴ν׻ǿп˵ԭʯ
һ¡¡Ŀ˹ŵǿްӣ߰˸ԱŽӸ̶ʯϡ
Ҳ䣡
û㿴棬總ᾧһǿϡ
Ҳ˵ʯͷ滹Ƶģ˵γɹ䣡
ްԭʯΧ۵˷׷ĳļ۸ﵽһǧ֮࣬Ͳϵıӣǿ϶Ȿˡ
վʯԵҶԭʯ۾Ҳ̲סз˲֪ģԭʯУһȭͷС䡣
ȻҶʲôֱֵһϲͨͨԸӦǿȭͷ̺ƺҪԼոսĴࡣ
Ī۵©ҪӦԼϣ
۳ѾסƿʯֵİѱҶͷȻһϲ¶Ц⣬Լϰȷʵе㲻ˡ
ǡǡ
ʯһԭʯ˵ϣγڷȴ̾Ϣ
ʣһȻпˣ˵ˣİЩᾧ״ʶûг֡

ùԱһԭʯķ򣬶һȥԭʯشǧһ˴Св䶼˵ʲô⡣
ۻμҶǾ©ƵĻеԭʯ⿪ˣҪ©ƣҲֻӦˡ


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źϽиʯͷǡǡһҲе䣬ֳʮ顣
ʱΧ۵ѿǲĿˣʯʯɶԵģٴëûгĽᾧ壬֤ⲻһëϡ
ҧгڶԸԭʯһȻƵγɵı֣ڲṹȴ˵ëϺʹһЩ롣
ҪǻˣҲûǰиȥˣвޣҲֻὫؼĥﶪˡ
۱Ͳ鱦еˣͼӵģѹͲܱôһһ齫Щ΢ʯͷ⿪ˡ
֪ǲӦҶ©ƵǾ仰һ˳ǿʮ๫ֵĵط£Ͳһе總ᾧڵλá
縣ȻŹǿʯͷֻͨʯͷ죬־ͰǿСһԭʯ˵ϡ
Χ۵ҲмңÿһӶӵȥ쿴ģ⻬ûκγĺۼһԭʯܿߵʯһȥˡ
ȷǷˣûҪȥ˰ɣ
ǰǧĿҲǵһΣҪ̫ˣ
˵öԣȥ鹫ϣǿǧıҲп𣿡
۲䷳ĽһֽԭʯٸпΧ۵˻Ϊ᲻ùԭʯһǧ۱أ׷׳Ȱ
ղӳ۵ˣȴǺ²ѣҿϰƴֽӸߵˣἱͷ󺹵˾ҪԼˡ
ЩԭʯпˣûһĺۼСӿ϶˵ˣпһ֮ҡҡͷɿʯİѱ
˲֪ǣѹûһǧϣỹҶ˵©ƵĻء
ֻǿŵСһʮԭʯҲʼҶĻʯͷѾ⵽̶ֳˣԼ滹ܳ䣿
ͣס֣ҶһߵҿСʵʦ֣Щ϶ô
Ȼ˰ôҿҶʵЩĪ˭ûҪЩʯӸﰡ
Ҫ𣿡Ҷ۾һȴˣ±
ҿüͷ˵Щӻ۵ģԴ˵Ҷ죬ЩǷˣҪǸʲô
ղҿҲǰ쿴ԭʯȷûκγı֣ұгƾʰõĶ
ǾͺáҿĻҶվ˳ȥʵ֣㻹׼ȥ𣿡
ţҶʳôһ仰͵ش˸ͻĪʣµʯͷﻹ䣿
ˣǿϡ
һصʯͷмۺܿʹͷѾԭʯжʮ˿ˣٽȥˡ
ҶҲûӣֱӿżɽ˵֣ȻˣЩʯ֪ԸԸأ
˷˰ɣЩѽ
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ռˣ˿ˣ
Ҷ˻һΧ۵˶ʱг鲻ûЩ϶аᾧֵģҲ˵гĿԡ
ԭʯͷβ涼ʯͷ˵ᾧˣ縶ûһ˿ѹһӶڳʯͷӡ
ҪЩϣۺɵؿҶ죬Ī㵽Щ滹䣿
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ԣһ飬õĻ˵ܳء
Сӣ㶮ʯӸͲģԱһʵڿˣ鱦еʲôʱôϵӰ
٣˵ˣһǲʯʻǽһ˵ء
ҶЦ˵Ҿ񫣬вҲûʲôг׬𣿡
⡭⡭˱Ҷ˵Ŀɿڴ˶Լһϲͨˣʲô˵ģ
֣ɣҪȻԸУҿҲСҶûٴˣתۿۡ
ҶֵܣҪȥɣʲôǮǮˡ
ۿЦҡҡͷп˵ԭʯͲԭʯˣǽʯͷЩʯͷһ·ʯҵģҶ켴ʹԸǮϰҲ˼
鰡֣һҪǽˣ˭ѽҶ֣һȾӺС˵ģΧЩ˶ɵۡ
ʲôݣ˵ĻջȥĵҿȥˣһҶ죬С˵ʦܣҪʲôѽ
ҵȻҪʯҶ쿴ۣ˵֣㻹ǳ۰ɣʯͷҵģ
Сǲ˰Χ۵Щͷͬʱðͷ
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ԭЩƽĽʯҶôһڣʱЩζЩѾ׼ȥҲˣԭڽԼԭʯ鱦ǣҲ׷Χ֡
ҶųһԱ֣˵ҰЩʯͷ̶ȥһ㻻һ飡
ðɣȻҲЩ˵ͨҶ죬ĹֻܰҶķԸһȭͷСķϰʯϡ
ȿȣôҲУ
Ҷٶ˶ʧˣʮˣôȥĻҪеʲôʱ
ҶʯٶȣȻ˵Ԥ룬ûв쿴ͻһ˵ֻҪʯͷȥˣꡱһȥһΪ
ʯȻСʮӹ󣬼еʯ϶Ҷֽһ飬ֻе䣬ȴûκεӰ١
Ҷ죬˰ɣߣʦȥʯǻûгء
ҿһҶ죬ʦ˵رǲ뱻˿λʦܣ¶˶˵Ĺϵ
ҿ˻һԭһЩԷҶˣʱͣ׻˵ɮ濴棬ҪͼʹҿǿǺ
ʦ֣ȵȣ⻹һء
ҶҡҡͷǸԱ˵һóȥ
һ𣿡Աһ˵ĽǿСӱ˳̶ʯϡ
ǡ꣡
ҶȻǺ͸ղһ䣬ֻеķȴƫһ㣬ϽִӲʯͷıԵȥ


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ʱѾûжڹעҶʯˣй򻹲ĥԼԭʯأҶһ£Ҳôڹע
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ûȹԱ֣ƨƨߵضһˮϸؽǸֻаƴСĿϴһ顣
ҿҿƿ˰ó˸ӫֵ򿪺󣬽ֵϡ
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ʱɫټʯԶΧЩҿֵԭʯϺܲԼͬһ̾
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ʯͬʯʯɰһĽԭʯĥȥϸ»һСʯͷ䣬ϵĽʯʦҲҪСʱ
ԼʹǶƿ΢Ҷ죬Ҳ㻻߸ɰƬ˽һСʱʱ䣬ŰԭʯǿȭͷС˳
ʱɫѾȫȥһ춼ûԷˣ˭ҲûоӶǿǿ鱻ҶģƶȾһƬɫ䡣
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ͷ׷óŴ󾵶ǿ俴˰֮һ˵ص֣ĸ̣ƽڶμ̰
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ʮĩڵʱŽ뵽ۣʮУϸۺرƷƹ㣬˵εУǹûġ
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ҪҶһļƷ䡣ۻ治ںǵ̿Ǯ򲻵İ͸ԼЩ֪Ļ϶ֵ˷ĵġ
ô˵棬ϰҲֻܴݺѪˣղ˵̫ȥġ
ΧЩһضԼĵ䣬Ҷ쿴ҿ˵ʦ̵֣Ǹʲô˵㵹ǽ
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ȻʵҪһʯ֮Ҷ׼ɹҼھĺԺ֮Уܲ
Ҷ죬̣˼壬ȻǴе˼ˣɫɫáֵߵɫ
ҿЦһԼ˵ʦָܽһֶصɫʦ㿴еɫ̵ľǿγ
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ֻʴﵽ˲֣ͬʱ̵ֳ֮䣬Żᱻ˳֮Ϊ̡
ֺ͵γɵǼΪ̣μС׼ƷΣƷʶﲻ̵ġ
ʢ˽̵꣬ĳȴ޼ÿγֶõˣҲСıϸͼҪȻ۵ңҲڼ֮¶ˡ
Ҷ컹Щ¶ģҿ˵Ҷ죬ⶫ滹ǵɹҼ䣬֮ΪұΪģ
ҿδ䣬λͻȻ˵λСֵܣӲ֪ԸԸתð
ԣԣСֵܣҳǧ䣬㿴ô
ǧñ˵ԩͷСֵܣҳǧתøҰɣ
ҳǧҰɣ
ΧԱߵͿҶĵˣ˿ѯʣ˶ת֮侹Ȼǧ
ʵ̵μʹУδĵóôߵļ۸
һＫ̵ܼҶ黹ϣǿԵԼϲƷԼ۸һӾͱ
ȿȣҶֵܣҪҳǧøҵˡ
˺ôͻȻɿһһó˶͵ļ۸


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ۿļ۸񣬳óʧˣ伴ʹٺʯ۸ǺܸߵĽ죬Ǵﲻ߼֮ۡ߳ΪҲΪġ
ǧ֣㲻ǿЦɣۺҶСĸҲǡֱͨͨ
Ҫ֪Ű۱Ҷһҵļ۸ҪҸ߳ôһ㣬ǧ۱ңǿɾǽӽǧ˰
Ҷ첻ʥˣҲҪԺʳŮǮһŲɵջ󣬶£ҶԽǮĿͨ˻ҪһЩ
ɢű䣬ҶҲ뵽ԥ֮УֻҪһͷǰǧͿУԶЩǮԼͿһԾΪ򸻺ˡ
ҿĻҶҲʶ䣬ǿģպѰã¾ͺˡ
ҶȷʵһЩĺԺõĻ֮˵ܳϼ
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ҶȨʧʱԱһЩ˷׷׳ȰʵǲΪ˰۵õ䣬ű˼
Ҫ֪ҪɺʯһεƷͱҪЩֱʵУ۳ۣþһѵĳͷ
ֻҪҶ콫һ۸ֽһ׼ԡ䡱ΪıһһȣȻǳЩ鱦ˡ
ȻҶ첻һҲܽгЩⶼˣд۰ǧ󹺼Ʒδáһġ
˼˰֮Ҷ̧ͷ˵֣Ҳϲֽ㿴
Ҷ컹ᣬպûǮ׬δؾֿɷļƷˣԺǾܾ۵ıۡ
ҶĻ۳̾˿˰˵û£ĳԸķ䣬Ҷֵܣ⿴ˮƽڹʦ֮°
ʼʱ۶Ҷ棬ΪҿʦܣڣѾҶķڷˣһ֮۾ܿԼƲ©ƣʦû㱾°ɣ
֣ԭʯҶҲ֮ɣһ
˻ҶеǶ˼ֺøУô˵ԭʯԭȷʵǹеģҶҲǳ顣
Ҷһ£ȭͷСʯͳӺʮҼʱһҲǰˡ
𰡣Ҷֵܣô˵ҾͲ˼ˡ
֣Ҷڽʯ֮ǰѾѹˣԼʯڽ䣬ֻ֤飬ﻹҶװȡƷ
֣¶˵
Ҷ쿴ܻΧˣüͷҿ˵ʦ֣Ǳߵԭʯ⿪ûа
ҿ˵ͷ˵ˣŵģҪҸطҹɣҲˣ
ζʯһ죬ֻʱ΢˵㶫ҿôһ˵Ƕоӡֱ
λСֵܽ˵䣬Ҳʯ鱦еһ£ɣЭһȥԵ㶫Σ
ҿĻ󣬴˴ν׵֯վ˳ԭǾͰ磬ֻ˶æڽʯûȥμӶѡ
ĳɣ͹һȥ
ҪڶǸ϶ǮҶҪϲǮģΪҶʦ֣ҿȻ鱦ˣ¸Լϡ
ãʦһҪȥ
ûҶȥ¶ֵأ
ҿĺԶλ׻֯߿ɱȵģôһߺȣڵ˷׷ӦЩѾʼûзֽװˡ
μӽ׻鱦ǻ϶ŵù£ϳڹԱİܿ춼ԼװˣһʮĺӺƺƵȥ
Щ鱦Ȼ㲻ϸ۵ĸҲһݵλģҿڸһǰҶ췢ϲǮˡ
ϲȲ裬һֱܺȵҹ֮󣬸ֵС԰նʱ
ҶǺҿԼۻǸһģ΢˵㶫֮ҿۣ˵ۣⳡˣһºҰɣ
ҿ˴ѡԭʯûгʲôӣҶǿǲģֵܼȻ۽䣬ҿôһ˵
ллʦ
ҿĻ۽ƶʱһɨգҿһ궼δõ׼ȷĴ𸴣ûռ˴ҿıˡ
ʦ֣˿Ҫģʱ仹ǲҪˡ
˵ĶԻҶȴüͷǺεȴˣ֪ҿַʽȥֲԼʧġ
ҿ˰֣Цû£ֲʲô󰭣ġ
УҪǲע⣬˵ġ
Ҷҡҡͷתۣ˵ɣ֣ռһΣĲ˵δʮ˳̣
㣿ҿͬʱɴ۾Ҷ졣
ȻҶ¶һָ֣˵ҶҿʮǸΡʦһЩ
ҿ֪ҶΪߵģõռԻͬģ֪Ҷϵ辿Ρ
˵ıҶЦôʦ֣ңһռΪģѲ᣿
ʦܣǿʦְٱʲһȻҲǾͨġ
ҶĻҿæ֣˵ۣҲ㣬ҶʦĵմӣҪ߹ңϸռԣҲ컯
Ȼ֪Ҷ浽ΣҿȻʦ̨ܵһ˵ԥʵи໹ƫҿݵġ
뵽Ҷ֮ǰľ׼˾˵Ǿ鷳Ҷֵˣ֪Ҷֵʲôʱпأ
Ҷν˵ҪիԡģھͿԡ
ھУһ¡
ȻҸ䰲һĵطھܸռһԡҶ˵ͷһֵǧļƷ䣬һԣҲûĶ
ãǡͰţ
æվ˸ԱǼ˴һȻҲǸ˽ȥ
֮ҶһȻһöƳγεͭǮ˵֣һ°ɡ
һһˡҶռõͭǮ۲˼ġ


339 ԣϣ
⡭ʦĴͨ
ҶóöͭǮҿ۾һֱˣûټʦͭǮռԣ˿̶˼ˣȦ
ҿһĵӣҶæ˵ʦ֣Ҫæء
Ұʲôæҿһ㶣Ҷתע
ҶЦ˵öͭǮһͨҲ޷ռ԰
ռķʽֺ֣ܶȽϳõľͭǮռһԣԷˣǻЯöͭǮġ
Ҷ֮ǰʹҿĿڴӦ˼öԴͭǮƽﾭԭմȾһ˿ҿ
㻹šԷļһﶼϡ
ҶĻҿЦõĴӿڴͳöͭǮϣ⼸öͭǮȫǬ¡ͨ
ڽУռõͭǮǬ¡ͨΪ࣬˵׼ȷԣҶ쿴ǳģʦүÿԱǻᣬǬ¡ү֪Ͷ̥ء
ֲȥһöͭǮҶöͨһ𣬿˵֣⣬ϲ⣬²⣬زⲻ⣬öͭǮΣҪ飡
ҶȻᣬһȻһɲݾܾƣԱߵҿȻѷɫ֡
ǣһᰴķԸȥģ۽ӹͭǮشӦһȴûٺҶֵܡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ˣʼɣ
ҶĻ΢΢۾ĬҪ֪⣬ͭǮ֮ϡ
бţҶ쿴һۼöͭǮ棬Сָ
ԣ
һΪбΪҪͣ
۲ϵĽͭǮҶҲ߶ֻҿöĻ˫ʮָͣı䶯ţһϢǷŵӰһӹ
ȵͭǮ֮Ҷ˰ʾͣˣԼ۾
Ҷ첻ʮָ˾ס˺´ռ֮еҶ죬ҿҶռ֮еЩĪ⡣
Ҫ֪ͭǮռ֮ҪʾϢȥݣҪѯʮԵģҶַʽȴҿԶԶġ
ʮӺҶ۾˵֣һǰƣʻͥʵͨģ
ҶҶֵܣ㡭֪ʵʲô
ҶĻ¶ɫǰʱѯԼպĲǰ̣˺ʵĻҶ˵һֲ
ǡҶʦҾΣָ̰˵ʱ˳ƺҶֵܸĳɴʦˣȻҶ롰ʦһĸ߶ˡ
֣һ˾ͼǿˣһŮ޷㣬ڽŮˡ
Ҷ쿴һۣʵŮǲ°ͺܼ⣬ȧǸ߶أ
Ҷʻɫ΢ЩΣһԱߵļˣǴ˵û˵òࡣ
ӡƣɽϣ˷ӣܼۣʮ㣬һ㲻ƲƣҲùģ
Ҷ첢֪ڽŮ˭ЩݳĽ۵ĶУȴһ㣬Ǿ顣
ģҲһλŮǣ۶ϲѾüʱ䣬Ǳͳȥס
ⱾûʲôģΪϰԭԴֱֵŮǻĵģͳȥıˣҶһ仰ȴǵһʵ
ڰŮǵĸףǸȶˣƫƫּʱ侹Ȼȥڸ۱ңգʵĸϵġ
ļΪأ˵֮⣬ûһ֪±Ҷֱָ˳ɲҶĻˡ
û뵽²˳ĸԴȻŮģʱǷңʵǡҪô죿
֣㲻ỹźɣ
ҶЩЦؿӣ˵ϲϣңȻʺ㣬ǾͶϿˣ㲻Ҫ뿪ȥǿ϶ЦЦˣ
ǲᣬǲġ
۱Ҷ˵ĸЦʵҶ֮ⷬҲ˺Ů˶ϵͷΪŮ˵ĸǸ޵׶⼸Ͷڵʽˡ
˳Ҷ쿴һۣ˵ȥ
ۡŮǾѻ֡źоѻ֡ĴºһҶ첻ǰҴһʷҪ˵ǣˣͲʺˡ
ǣүǲִ֪ˣ´ӦһкĹۺͷС˰䡣
Ҷ죬Һ漸˳̾ΣҶĸˣвЩϰ
Ҷ쿴һۣ˵ʮڽһ˳ʮʱ򣬽֣֮
ʲôԭҪҶۣ͵һסˣҶ죬⡭ģ
ʱҵˣĸǸɾģڶ̶ʮۼӴĲƸˣҪ˸㹻ڳϼġ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵񸻹󣬵ͣխ㲻˳֮ʢ겻֪躹ޣҲĸԴ
ɡлİ취
֪ԼԸģȻ壬Ȧڶ࣬ͬҲͷ鲻֪ˡ
⣿Ҳѡ
Ҷ쿴˿һۣӵ˵ˮϣȻָպպдһ
ɣۿǸֺһͷˮʵҶҶʦ⡭ֺʲôϵ
ֶ֪ʲô𣿡Ҷʵ
Ī˵֪Minôˣ
ҶЦЦʵֵ֪ĺ𣿡
治֪ҡͷйֲÿֶ˶˼ȻдĲֵ֪˼
֮һ֣ɥͬаǵĽִͣŲ֮ף
ҶҲûΪۣ¸㱾ģļųɣƼǿԹǵ˥ˣ˴˼ɣͻʹ鷳ģ
ҶҶʦܷ˵һÿսҪߴţܲܽŶж˰ɣ
۴ʱȻҶĻŲɣʵ벻βܹ֣Ǻص鰡
Ҷҡҡͷ˵н֮Ϊ̬֮˵ţš
ǡʲôŰ
ЩͷˣЩʦ˵ϲڵģ˰˼⡣


340 ԣ£
֣йй֮Ǵ˵Ѿˣ㲻ϸһ°ɡҶҡҡͷȴûֱӻش
˶Ϊʦʱ˵ʲôй©ֻǺƭ˵ĻʵȻһ仰˵˵٣ʦӰġ
һмѭģŴתÿ˵ϲʦ飬ŴıԵȴ˸ҽͱơ
ҶǰԪͱͲظˣֱӾʮ١
Ȼй©ܵķر𣬵ϵʦͽҶԸеֺ
Ҷ۷׷ǹʣȴûбҪԼԪԼٵģȻ΢΢ۻҲҶԳܵġ
Ҷ첻ԣǰΪˣ˵⡭⵽Ǹʲô˵
۵ӺҿЦЦ赭д˵ۣҪôԽۿһѽ
ҶղŲͭǮռ֮滹иֵѧʣҿռ֮۾ͿҶҪ˼
ۿ
˼Ȼ۾һҶҶʦ㡭˵ĪǰţǴ֣ܵԺȥ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷԼµȻй©ˣ˵ȱԭزǺʵģڼԽ𿪵󻼣Ǹطɡ
ҶҶʦ㡭ô֪Ҫزģ
ҶĻϺȻʧѪɫʹղ˵ǸŮǵʱɫҲûѿ
Ҫ֪Ӿ޽ڷ籩ʱʼ۾еͷˣǾԲƽģ˳УҪҵһԼֵ̨
ڽһ˼֮۽Ŀ˷زгž߻عпֻ֮ʣ֣ͼ˲ҵ
۵زҵѱʵۺĳϷֵˣϡ٣дطչȽѣڽ۽עŵ˰š
źһˮֻ֮ʮҪǣŷչǲҵ;Ƶҵںլĵزҵȴôԡ
һǣŵ˿ܶҲۣõƤҪ׵ö࣬Ѿ˽ŵ뷨
ĿǰΪֹֻ뷨ѣҲδʹǶѺĸ¶֪
뷨ȴǱҶһƣ۸оԼû·վҶǰһ㣬бŤ֮Ҳеһֻš
֣ʾģ㲻öǡ۵飬ҶҲ³뷨ûԼ˼˿ʱ򻹻ᱣ򶨵ġ
ĳˣллҶʦ
⻰֮վظҶһȻ֮»ûҶĻȴԼǰˡ
۲֪ûҶεռһ֮ͻŷزҵΪһأýǮƽ˰һλʵȨ
ʮҲһ˳ǵʮ꣬Щ˶Ҳ֮֡
Ҷĵ㲦۵켣Ҳ˸ı䣬պλ˸ɻķˮҲԱȫˣȻЩǺˡ
ˣ֣ҶʦؽˣͽҶɣ˵һҪء
ЩأҶǿ˳Цռһԣպɾûķ˰
б󣬶ռķѵľҪԶˣҶղҲǶд˲ԪԲŻ˵ⷬ
ﻰҶֵ㲦ҺüΣԼ޶ûˣ
ԿЦҶ춼˵©ƣԼƫƫа鼫Ʒ买ãʵǹֲҶͷϵġ
ǺǣھԲ֪ˣˣ˵ˡ
ҶЦֽǿݸҿ˵ʦ֣ǰʦѧһЩգӵǲᣬҰͳʣµٵһЩСô
Ҷ쵹޷ͳֻûгֵĹߣҲĥĻҪ˷֮һ
ɣ¶ͽʦְɣһ׼޶ȵúӵġ
ҿڴӦҶĹϵʱ򽫴ĥõĵڵϼ죬Իʹ鱦ġ
ǾллʦˡҶ˵ͷ
ˣҰѶнԷɣվʦҲ޲ͬ԰һµ뷨
ҿȥۺȻһ˵ˣҶ죬иᣬμһ£֪ûʱ䰡
ղҿ˵Ҷ챾±ۻΪҿǫģǾղռһ֮ϰѽҶˡ
ҿΪϵ˭õĹϵȴֺѽӽ۾ĥҪҶ׽һ£պѴҲ󵽶Է
᣿
Ҷһ£̶Ц֣˰ɣҶЩ鲻Ȥ˵ˣҲʶʲôˣȥҲȤġ
Ҷһ£ԼǴβμʲôᶼҪǳ飬ԴȥӵǴδ֮ҶѾٳЩ˶Ĺˡ
鰡Ҷ죬˼ģ϶˰
˵ͻȻҶ켷۾Ц̨ǵģһڵصļǣһһߵģͲʶһ£
Ҷ켴ʹٴչҲǸˣǿ϶ٻЩݵֻҪĸŮǣԼϾȥҶķ

һ˵Ҷ컹ЩĶˣΪС۵ӰһˣҶЩĻԱмֺ棬ȴûǰ
һ뵽ԼǲμùˣҶ컹ҡͷ˵ǲȥˣܻҪ¹Ůʿġ
ҶӦ˹ССҪѰɷʬģԼѾˣǿŮ˽£Ҳǻˡ
ŮʿССһ£̶˹ССɷʧٵۿν·˽֪ˡ
ЩģȰҶ죬㷴Ҫͣģ᲻μͦϧģ˶ʶЩܹкôġ
Ǹʵ۷ģǸһλ֪ʱһЩѻ֮⣬ۺܶӰҲᵽģӰӹ˾ϰ塣
壬ʶʲôѰȰҶʱ򣬰űƿˣպһ仰


341 
ȦˣûȤ
һھ;ܾˣȻţС͸⹫ŴԺ֪ŮǺ͸ǵ£ȦûʲôøС
֯ɶԣһ˿Ȥˣ˳׬Ǯ֮⣬İþȥ׷ЩƿһŮˡ
Ļ۲ʵûȤѩѿҲҪȥİ˵ᳪ׸أ
ڼ֮ǰҪѩѵذǩƬ֪ѾͷϲǸǣԲŻ˵
Ȼһѩ֣ϵıˣѩҲȥ壬ɱƭҰ
Ůͨϰյǵ۽СͺܿʶȽ϶࣬ŮͬҲгݵǵģҸŮ޸ǵ飬Ȧﲢʼ
򷢵ӳ»ĸף¼µĸʲʮڼƣ⻹һЩŮҲܵ͵ļ޸ǡ
Сϲѩѵĸ裬ҲȦΨһܿ۵ˣ۵һЩ¾ȦûʶѩѵĻᡣ
ĸƭ㰡ôμӣЦ˵ѩˣûʱкѩҲҪӵġ
ãȥһڴӦתҶ죬үȥһ˰ɡ
ǸѩŮ֪ҪĻҶ죬ûôӵġ
ðɣȥ
Ҷ뻹ǴӦô۵ӰӰǺģܼСʱЩż񣬶ҶԻǺջġ
Ҷֵܣ˵˰óȥ㡣
ҶӦ۴ϲڽҶ֮ʹҪĽλġҶʦˡ
һ죬Թ˷׷ɢȥڰëͷҿıҶ컹Ǵסǣ˾Ƶҿĳӡ
Сүүá⼸ʲôʱпհӷҪ뿪ʱ򣬰˳ǰ
Ҷһ£˵УɣȥƵı
ͻүȥҶ׼ţһЦݵÿ·绰Զظȥˡ
ҿҲ֪£ȳӿƵ󣬿Ҷ˵Ҷ죬ССɷˣʱ߰꣬ҪҵʬɲǼ׵°
ҿ֮ǰͰ﹬ССݹóɷѾĽۣããȴûбҵʬ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ʦ֣ѵ㾫ҵõġ
ҶдΪأֻҪ֪ССɷϢǿнݵģֻ׳̶ȣҪҶӦԪˡ
ǾͺãвҲҪǿҶӣҿҲû˵ʲôҶļ
ӿҿıУҶո³һɫӰӾʹ˳Ҷļͷ
ëͷһ˰žȵСһҶЦʱΪëͷĳ˯ʵҶ쵣˲˼
ëͷҲǺ˷ܣϵСצץҶͷзߴߴĽƺҶԼڼС
ţͷС˵㰡ƤëҲˡ
Ҷץëͷϸëͷͱ֮ǰСһȦɵëҲ࣬һ໬
⡭ô°
ϸëͷڣҶ͵¶˾㵵ɫΪ֣ëͷУȻһɺƵԪ
Ȼ˵ľ飬ǽһ˵ѣҶʹδڻԪĴڣǰëͷȴǵ߸֪
ĪĪëͷǰСһҶ뵽˼֮С
ŴܶʿɽʱһЩɽҰԳ￴ض֮Ĵ˵ʼЩҰＸͨԣ֮Ϊ
˵Ὺǣڳ֮£ԹͨЩǴ˵еĹ£ҶҲûëͷǷˣ
ҡҵ㣬ҵ㶼˰
Ҷ˼ʱ򣬶ͻȻһУȴվ˻԰ĳߣĿ͵ؿŽµΡ
ԭɾĶʯС·ϣʱͷⱩɹһ󣬷һɶζԭһصʱȴһβˡ
ߴߴߴߴ
ĽëͷҲ˼УСǰצָָԼĶӣȻצס۾Ӿµĺһ㡣
ǡǶҴСİëͷӣᣬҲ޷Сһ˭֪أ
ȿȣͷүһЩ㣬ëͷһʶҶȿëͷҴһطˣɲ뿴һԹӡ
ڶһ簢ǵǰҶҲϰˣôͷߴ·ȥ涼˺ܶࡣ
ͰţҶ˾ƴɽ˺ͽǣҶҲ֪ҿ۵λߵԭˡ
ڵأ۶йͳĻļ̳Ҫӵƣڻʹ÷־Ϳɼһߡ
ۣٹƽգռǩԶŲɵģҿʵѧӱҲǱȻˡ
һӶھǣҶ۶ӵͷˣʺʦ淢չĵط
һ֮󣬵Ҷ˻صҿʱһӳıʿѾſڡ
˻ﰡ
ʿҶҡҡͷҪǱһ׼ᱻðԼһȴǻҶ֡
۵סǳˮԶլӵڲԶסլ֮һڶıլ鲼ںµϣ׸˺ʹվסġ
ţǸʲôģ
ӸոչչһҪǳˮʱһƴӳǰҶʶֵס
͸ָ죬Ҷ췢ǰվ߰˸ˣŮÿ˾ǿųǹڣֻҪгһġ
ҶЩ˶۵Ĺжӡ˾Դ˵ǼֲˣۿعҪһЩСǻҪߡ
ҶЩҡҡͷÿ˽Ҫعǰһ춼ȥ
Ӻ󣬼ӳʻ뵽һ֮У˾ղóص绰۽ϵʱվſڵȴҶ졣
֮⣬ԺѾвˣվ졣
ҶֵܣС㣬ӭ룬Ҹܼλʶ
Ҷ˴ӳæӭһٶúܶ˾ǲĿѣۻǵһվſڽ˰ɣ
֣߶ˡҶЦŵĶ۹˹֣˵Ц߽˱Ŀ


342 Ȧ
۾ٰӦûûпʼķɢ˻԰ĴЩ඼ˣ۾ֱҶ˿Ҳ졣
ۺҶһ߽ļ˾վһ˳ʵλǣ
˵ĲߣĿϬ׳ȻװģһçϢ
ȵһҶ죬˵ʤҸ£λҶʦʦͬʦܣ첻ʦ֮µģ
ҶҶʦ
Ǹаʤһ£۾ۣ˵⡭λҪܸǵҶʦ
ۣҿ·˽֪ģۺܶ೬ϵУҲʦƺ
Ҷᣬûʲôۺʦνļ˾ǲĿѡ
ûʤСҶʦᣬʦƳ粻Ѱ
Լ⼸СҶ죬æҿͷ˳ʱ˲ſҶͰɫʱùŹ
ʤƺͰ磬ߵߺ󣬿˵磬ôпⰡү𣿡
ʤʱ䶼Сү˶Էһۣѹ˵Сүڰﱲּߣ˵עһ㣡
ʲôĻʤĸеԾˣ¶𾪵ɫ
ǰǸүӵģҪһ磬˳Զ󣬸ϴݣȻֻǸݣۺڰûһ˸ҵġ
һѱİȻẰһСү֤ݲһˣе˼ȻҲǰˣ
һðʤģΪ丸׵ԭ۰λߣ۵νһҲû˵ʲôҶʦ
ҶֵܣλлʤǻʢӰҵ˾ϰ壬λɣӢͼŵƶˡ
۽ǰ˷ֱҶһۼӰӹ˾ϰ壬ҶǰĺܶӰǵĹ˾
λʤҶ͸ϤˣΪ꿴һӰУʤʹһɱֽɫϷˣӰ򷢡
ҶֵΪӭԺ󵽻ʢ˾͡
ۿڽ˽֮󣬻ʤЦҶ֣԰ĻЩţһҶĹ
ˡҶЦЦδ֪֣ͻʤա
ˣ
סҶֺ󣬻ʤļЩȻﷱæȴûһиԹϰ
ʤĸǵһλٽڹ̨֮󣬾۷չµĵֺͲ°˾Ϊ֯尲Ĵˡ
ʤڰʮڽּģʱ۰Ļѣʤ辶ֻǿִ˻ʢӰӹ˾Ÿֹϵ𲽵طչ׳
˽ʱգʢ˾ȦѾڴľͷˣʤҲӰɳԱһԾΪȦĴ֮࣬úܶ˶Ŀɿڴ
Щܶ˶֪Ҷȴֻ֪ЩֻʤΪһҹ˾Ĵϰ壬ȴΪλôһĹ
ţ
ڻʤ𽥼ʱͻȻоҶֱǸһ㣬Լꡣ
á
ڸоҶֵı仯󣬻ʤһæҪɿ֣ȴû뵽ѾɲˣԷ޹ǵ֣˲ü
Ҷסʤֻ£ЦܲӸλܼϰѵáѵð
ңңҶֱǲֵһᡣ
յʱ仹ʮӣʤĶͷѾϸܵĺ飬ϸ۲ĻܿʤǶ΢΢鴤š
Ѿһ˿ԣ˵Ҷֵܣǣ
Ǻǣû¡ҶҲûΪʤۿڵʱɿ֣Ц˵ԺлỹҪ̰
Ҷʦ̫ˣӦǻĳҶʦ̲ǣ
Ҷɿֺ󣬻ʤһڴ̲סţҶĿд˾壬Ҳ˿Сˡ
ˣ˶ĲˣʤҶ죬ߣǳȥɡ
ۿóʤ˵СΪ¶ͻһһĻ԰ȥ
ҶЦҡҡͷҲΪԼÿμһЩᣬ顣
ߵԺһĸòƯŮߵ۵ߣҶ̧ۿһ£Ȼ˼
ŮȻúƯ°ЩˣȧǺܸ٣Ҷ˵ֿ˵࣬ʣλ϶ǸŮˡ
Ҷֵܣλʧһ¡ǸŮ˹˸ӭȥǣסǸŮ֡
λλѣӭμӲСᣬףСഺפղϣ
Ҫ˵ŮǣһǮȷֶΣһ˵ǸŮ۾Ź⣬һҸı飬Ȼ˺ܴ󷽵һڡ
⣡
һ֣԰ĵƹȻȥһͨ巢Ĳͳſڻ˽ڲͳϷһʮ˲ߵĴ󵰸⣬߻Ӣİտָ衣
ʱŮѾۺˮˣ۵İ½ֿߵ԰һʱЦ
λҸ֮еŮȴǲ֪ڴ˴֮۾ͻֿģҲһϵĻˡ
ǰ³̣ɢڱ˴ǰ˵ټҲЩԹ
һ𣬸ǽ˸ֻ߳һЩȴüͷе㲻ʺϴ˾ɣ
ѩѣүѩѰ
֮ѹ͹˲Ҷˣǻ˼ԼŮӵݣͼ
żżֱ½ҶЦһһ·ְڱʤ˵Ҷ˳Ⱥһ
ÿβμЩݻʱҶһָĸоǲģΪĿ֮Ļ϶ƽʱĴǡ
ЩƽͷʮĴǣ˿ȴǵ͵ĺܣΪڵ˲Ȧϰ̳ǰԼֻһ߼ϷӶѡ
ʵǰЩǣ˺ҲǺܿģǰЩ꣬ܶǶбǿĹƬֻЩȦǵ׬Ǯ߰ˡ
֣ɿ֣
Ȼ԰һҶһ㶣æѭȥΪǸŮϤ
ʱ԰ĵƹ⻹ûд򿪣ҶĿǿ˾ԼԶˣϲ¶һ˿ŭɫ
ԣס֣ʲôǺֵĵط𣿡Ҷ컹ûü߹ȥƹͱˣ۵߳Ҳ֮


343 
⡭ʲôطУǲҰԲˣ
Ǹһͨ죬Ժ˾ƣסһŮ֣ЦǮʱһôװ鰡ҰѣĶԶԶأǣԻܶɽģ
ԣӣҶģԼҲҪ
˵ĻһΣ˵ǰ˱ҵԼѲĸϵ
ôˣ漸Ů𣿴У棬ҰԾͲˣ
˴ӱЦһָһʱŮǣ˵̣ǲǿҰûǮˣк򣿡
䲻ıᵽԼǸԭڿֵŮɫһ±ɷף˵㡭㣬Ҳʶ㣡
ʶңٺ٣Сɧڴôô˵
ԴʱȫѾˣֽ߬סߵŮֺȻŮȥйЦУҿˣϾͽˣͷǩ֧Ʊɣ
Ҹǩ֧Ʊ
ԵҪŮزʱͻȻоһʹǱϻǯסһ㣬Ҳˡ
㡭˭
ʹðԱƾ˵ͷ΢ȴһЩҶò󣬰ԿСӣһȥӹƨ°
Դ˻һڵĺܶŮǶ죬һЩʹЩϸǣڰҧгݣԼǰǰݣӶѣ
ȥȥ
ҶĿȻһ䣬ɿץסԵ֣˳ϳȥžһ죬Ե徹Ȼճ
ҶҶ죬ǡ𣿡
ֱ˿̣ԵϷǸŮŷӦ˹һ˼ؿųǰҶ졣
㣬ûˣڿǴ˰
ǰŮҶ¶Цݣһ缸ǰڻϳ᯾һѧɬ
ӼǰǴξƻ֮ҶҲû᯾ȴڵӵӰżӰҶԣ᯾;ʮֵ˳
ڳڵδҵʱ᯾ͱһλһƬӣҵ֮Ǻͺܶ۵ǺѾڵصͷŮˡ
ҶҲû뵽Ȼ᯾ֵʵ㣬ôﰡ
Ҷ֪᯾һǱȽصģҾ͸ղŹüӦûǴŮ֮ȴǲ֪Ϊλ⸻ۻ֮У
Ϸšŵġ
᯾۵˲࣬˿λŵҲ֪ĸˣԭеҶ֮۾̲סͺ
㣬ûˡҶĿһ䣬ںһϢ¡
ҶȻ᯾Ǻ죬һֱȽϾȦﻹܳȾŮ۸ҶȻưոˡ
֪ˣүݺݽѵǸһ
Ӧһס᯾ղҪҶȳָ֣ҲѵǸԲѷļһġ
Ҳв˶ʶȻˡүܶ˶ǳһ׷Ҷ쿴ȥ
ҿŮɲʲôƢ˰ܱ֮Ϊүˣǿ϶Ҫҿһֵġ
ҶòôʲôǮеλˣҲ˿ҶĿг˲⡣
ӣ㡭Ҵң
ʱڵϵǸԣ⳹ױҶˣһ˵ȴǺѪ˳
㣿ڽѵѣҲҳ֣
ҶзһЦղҪץ᯾Ҷ컹ĲԼ֡
ҶѹûǸԣǽĿ⿴ۣ˵ѣ˵ôɣ
֮ǰҶһֱǳƺΪֵģⷬȴǺΪžǶ
Ҷ˵ҲʣȴһεѹؿڵĺоЩ
Ҷֵܣ⡭ⶼᣬԺȶ˶ѣҡСǸô
ʶҶ죬һֱЦһ޺ӣǴʱҶ죬ȴ⣬Ѱ˸Ѫͷ
Ҷ컹û˵ոմӵİԲˣµУ˵ʲôҰԸǸ
쵰ҪǴУҶǸ۴ʱҪаǹĻһ׼Ὺǹɵ޶۵ļһ
ҶʲôˣǿɱεķˮʦȻˣݵλʦ˽ҪԶԶͨ˵ġ
ҶûöԷǸ˼ںһֻ֣ȥ
ǣСү
ںͻʤ˵ŻİҶĻһ㶣̶վ˰ԣȻҲʶˣû
˳֪²ˣǽҶ찧ҶҶʦҸӣĹһΰɣ
ʦʲôʦ
ˣôôԴһ˰
۵ı֣óڳʶҶļ֮⣬ȫǴ۾Ҫ֪۵ݵλʹ˵ʱҲ˵ĵġ
һЩŮǸ۷ʵĽסҶ죬˾ȻֵԣܺõĻǳͷָտɴ鰡
ѾˣһֵֻĴĪ㻹⣿
Ҷǿ˴ŮˣοԴûԼˣ˵ˣʦȰҶҲϵץ᯾ֵֻġ
Ҷİ˶һû뵽˾ȻһӶ߳Ƶϰ壬ƺҡ
Ÿʲô
Ҷٳٲ֣ɵһۣҲû¿תȥ
û߳岽Ҷ˰ԵĲҽȴ󱻰۶ˡ
ԵĲҺﶼЩֻһǸŮ֣Ȼ˻۶һֻ֣ŶλֻڵӰвŻֵġ
⡭˾Ȼ˰Ե
ۻ˼ʮĻʤҶǿƺҲǱһ±ԼҪ޼ɵ˭Ǻᰡ
֮࣬ʤҲﰵңҿԼղֻ̽˶Էһ£ǻĻʹԼ۱ǰȴǳԶ˵ġ
ȥҽԺ⡭˥У
ŰԱԺӣڵţֽйһ£Ըһ󣬳̾˿תȴȥ׷Ҷˡ
ͻһĻ˶Ǵһ۽磬ЩȺľһ𣬷׷ײ²Ҷ
ǸСȴеԼúõᣬҶͰ˸һ⡣Ȼ˿Ѿûȥˣ׷˿ˮҶ˵ҶֵܣԣҲǸ˰


344 ŵ
۾ٰʵľۻᣬʵ˵˾Ϊṩһ޳
ֻҪ˫ԸͿԷչһꡣѾȦ﹫ˣЩμŮǣʵҲ׵ġ
ֻǸͬڹľϸһֻڵ˫֪ҾԲǴǿʵġ
ǸҶԵľٶѾȦӵļɻˡ
ȻǰҲûھеģ˫ݲ⣬ЩŮֻϵù
ȴߵˣû뵽Ҷ첻ʶ᯾ҿƺͶԷ죬ȻΪŮ˶˰һֻ֣ǨŭԼϡ
СؿҶ죬͵Ҷֵܣ治֪λСŮˣҪȻ͸밢Ǹ˶ˡ
۵ĻҶ¶һ˿ɫ˵ʶŮˣѵҵŮˣҵŮˣͿˣ
Ȼʶ᯾ѾкüʱˣҶûʲô˴˵ϵʽ֪ԺõŮҶ컹Ǻкøеġ
ҶЩ۸ɣҶҲǺܿ۵ģǮˣŮ˵ֵסջͶͱԸ飬ǿ̫ˡ
Ҷֵܣ鲻Ǻȶˣʱ鲻ãԲŻʧ̬ġ
¶һ˿ε飬ʵǸʲôɫ˭ҪǰûƲĻֻӵ
鲻ãҪŮ˷йҶһ
ۿЦһ̾ҶֵܣҪԭжʮңͻȻһУҲ᲻ʹģĳϣͱںƽˡ
ʮҶܻӻ⣿ҲҪ㱾°Ҷ¶һֵı飬ܼܰҰ̶ֳܵȵˣǾԲһ˰
ҡҡͷ͵ҶֵܣǰԻӻҪȥ޽ڷ籩еǮȥˣŻ־ģʵԭǺܸɵġ
Խ޼ѻԣ16ʱ̤زͣʱнֻ900ԪƾŹ˵ĵʶ۹⣬гһ·˳磬ڡ¥֣һСͳΪʮԪҵĴϰ塣
ڽʮʱ򣬵ʱĿⶢ¥ϵۺ޼ѻԽʶ۳£ϵ㣬޼ѻʶ˲ٸʱ޼ѻΪС
ۺ޼ѻԶԸˣϲ׷Ůǣ۵ķһֱý׷Ķ󣬹ϵ֮Ҳ˽֪ġ
޼ѻ־ʮʱȴǼתֱ£ܵڷ籩Ӱ죬ʮڼƵҴˮ
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зڴߴ޼ѻԽƲʹ־޼ѻԸ鷳꣬ԭɢɢģȴûֳ顣
ˣȥ㡣
۵ĽͺҶҡҡͷʵ޼ѻпƼʮĻҶҲһʾˡ
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̽ݺʮ꣬ʹǰҲ̸Ц̩Ȼûκǰйѹֵĸо
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ǺͽȣҶ᯾˵߸Եı仯仯֮᯾ʼղǰ˾Ҷ졣
Ҫ֪ʸμƻˣǴǾǳҶ쾿ʲôݣȻñ㣬ֺ֮Ҷ˼
Һѣģ㣬û¾ͺá
Ҷͷһۣ˵Ժʲô鷳ֱ־ˣǺ˵ġ
ҶֵˣԺСҪʲô飬ֱĳУ
ҶĻ˵һǺ죬ˣǰĶŮˣһҪȡرģǰŮҲʲôǷ֮롣
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᯾˵û֮ŵۣԭֱͦ˲ȥһЦ˵ãʵǲ˼鷳ˡ
ŵ֮ǻʢ˾һĵݣĳӰƬ
Ҫǣ֮ĴǶԳֵܣЩոճǸܽʶеңȦ㡣
Ϊˣ֮ҲΪۺܶϲ׷ŮǵĸǵϿͣΪЩ黹ҪһýģܲøֱӻųƱȥŮǳԷɣ
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ۻδ䣬֮æ˵ģСȥǸ֤⣡
ڻ԰﷢ͻʱ֮ڳʱȥӭһλԼŮˣҲ֪ʲô顣
Ȼص۵ı֮һȻ᯾޼ѻԷ˳ͻ᯾ѻ޼ѻԵһָֻˡ
֮ѾļˣҲû˵ϼȥҴææľܱ᯾ˡ
Ҫ֪޼ѻԿ۵СܣȻѣҲ֮ܵİֻҪ죬Լ۾ͱٻȥˡ
һţ֮ǰһȣ˰᯾޼ѻԴϵ˼ˡ
СᯣȥҽԺԭ㣬ⲿϷͲҪˣ
֮ǰֵĵЩǰžԵȨ
Ȧϰ֮⣬ǵˣܶʮĴǶҵ֮
֮᯾϶ԼĻǰȥǸģȴûԱ߼¶Ĺ顣
Ҷüͷղŷô飬λŵȻд˱֣ҶĺܻǷΪˡ


345 
СᯣҵĻûУҳȥ
᯾ȻûдԼ֮ͷŮƬԼѵ˺üζʵʵģôͻȻͱˣ
֮Ļ᯾Ҳ֪˵ŵⲿӰҲˣ㻻˰ɣ
᯾ǻʢ˾µˣ۵Ӱ⼸겻ҲڵصǷڵصгԲŻд˴κġ
᯾Ͳ˵˰µϷ챻˵ʱҪ˿ͣҲ˼㡣
˵ľͲˣ᯾ΥԼ𣿽ҪǲȥǸĻһ۴½Ȧ첻ȥģ
֮᯾Ļ֮Աǣ˵ճûСˣּĴǣҲǩԼ˳ġ
οۣ֮ϰ۵ĴУڲŮǻף۵Ļڵصģȥϼգ㻹Ӳ
Ҷʵ̲סˣ޵ûʲôû˵ָָһ֮˵ˣûʲô£Ͻ
СӣʲôˣҶĻɹת֮עˣǱϵİɣҿǲˣ
֮ȦȽ磬ǶǹŴƬʱҲǰˣԶҶѪСͿۡ
֣Ҷ۵ĺʧ
Ҷ̾˿ⶼЩʲô˰ʹھ߹ǻᣬԷҲҪԼ·ǰλһϴ϶ļư
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֮Ҷһӣھ˳ֻǻճڣȴǸоЩˡ
˳ƺԼĹһ㶼ϰ壬ƺһЩȽݵˣϲϺϸ֣ʵ˼ˡ
ݵˣ֮ϰҲҪһ۸磬ܺ۳ֵܵˣһ˫־ԿĹġ
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ҶֵܣԲסʵǶԲס۲ûӦǸղűŵⷬݸסˣֱҶ˵ŷӦ˹
ϰͷһƣհ޼ѻԷƽϢȥǰֱQ˸֮Ҷ˵û˲һûʡ
ۺ޼ѻֵܣǺŴȴûôĽ飬ڸҶ˸֮۱˵ŵȳȥһͰʤ˵ģ
᯾Ůǻв۴ʱ޲ý֮ж˿飬˵ûͷҪ»ʤλŴݻȥڵطչɡ
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۶Ҷ캰ֵֺŴɵˣһ޶۵ˣ෴ʮֵɫ˿ﻹ᲻Լ˴£
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ҶҲڰãСǹ˾Ա飬Ҳεġ
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ʲʲôҪ˵֮ǰֻЩԼϰĻǵת˿־塣
Ҫ֪ʤɲʲôŮȦӰȫǿŵɱģǶԵĺǶԷ£һûɽġ
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СĻ˵ǸײǣȻ˫˳ͻ֣ΣֻܰС켸ꡣ
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ôˣ˵ʤҲоЩԣ۾ɺɵ֮ϴ
ϰ壬λŴݿ˵ҪþԲ˶ߣȦɱأ
ҶɲʲôŮŵӡ󼫲ˣҶһ򶼱һŲԭ
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ҶĻ󣬻ʤʱ׷ǴӺζˣһ˫۾ʱð˺⣬ض֮ϡ
ϰ壬ҴˣҴˣҲ֪˵Ҹ
ʤͳһЦףʱ۾һɣֳλƣŵ֮Ȼֱӹ˵ϣסֳԼ
ʤûȥڵϵ֮ǿҶ죬˵Ҷ²ϣ˵ɣҪֻ֣
ղʱ򣬻ʤӰе֪Ҷݺһڵžɵʱ﷢չģҲһֱǰĸƶȡ
ǰٿŴʱ򣬻ʤҲȥμˣҲʹŷչӹʻЩõ˺ŵĲ֧֡
ʮֵֽģں֮УʦǿϵĴ
ڵ֪Ҷݺ󣬻ʤղŻԼûнһҶ죬ûԼµȴǰλүˡ
¶ҪǴȥĻȻԻʤⲻʲôӰ죬ȫûˣԲŶҶ˵Ƿ
Ҫָﰡ˲һЩ
ҶԿЦ֮ǰ޼ѻԵ֣Ϊһ᯾ǰ˿ûֶ᯾ʲôġ
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ԭ᯾ڻϰҶ̬ȣ̲ⷬסȻڵӰаݹֽɫ鰡
С㣬ҡģ˴ԭҰɣ
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Ҷ죬⡭⡭㿴
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᯾ͬ˽£ҶͲٶӸ棬ʤռ˵Ҳ㲻Ҷֱˡ
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᯾˹ɽϺµģЩԺˣҲ룬飬֮ôܻⲿӰ
Ǻǣǹ˾ĵݺܶ࣬СģᵢĽȵġ
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Ҷվ᯾˵㣬ҪˣԺصϵСһֱϷݵĺãҪǩء
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ҶĻ᯾Ҳ֪ﵽǸʲôζ˵һ䣺Ҷ죬лл㣡
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һֱҶͰ˵ͻȻ˵үǸ֮治ʲô˰Ҫ˵ҲǸɵĺá
˵һŮ캰ɱʲô
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صҿıסһҹڶһҶʹëͷԶլӣķˮҪҿ﹬ССݹҲܸĲҶĵԪ


347 Ѱˣϣ
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һЦݵ˵Լ˻ϵȥ裬ʦĳӿݷҶֵܺʦ
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348 Ѱˣ£
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绰᯾ʱЩܶһοԹƬӶסˣλεĳµл𷢲
Էʱһλƽʱ᯾ϵŮԱʵ㣬Ѵõ绰ɣ
ӻϰ֮̽ﲻСԱ᯾ʱ򣬶ҪֺӸˣû취Ǵϰյ˰
᯾ҡҡͷ˵ˣͨѣ״̬ã鷳
Ц϶㣬˿ɲܹŵģȥתԷ
᯾¶һ˿Σ͵ĲǣһѣҪȥ̨壬ѽҺ˵Щﰡ
ˣˣԷɣעе㣬ȻµҪˡ
Ҳ⣬˭û֣Ϣʱ򣬰Ķ㵽һû˵ĵطһͨ޵ĵ绰
֮ѾʱˣȻǰҲڰ޶ȼ٣ȴǱ˸ƵͶ·ģֻҪһ۾ͻҶĳ衣
ӵǰԼİĵ绰֮¶һ˿Цϲͨеĵ绰
ȷĿҪȥ̨壿֮Ļ׷ʵ
ȷУֻҪɱǷҵһʹʣµľʮҲȸȥ
֮ҶνǺ֮ǣ겻ʮ꣬һݵĻƽ䣬ΪҶ죬һжıˣһ˿ǵĻ»ǹҶƴġ
ϸ˼֮󣬿˵ã֮ӦþǸ˵ѶˣʱǮ뵽ҵ˻
еúܴ鲼Ǹ䣬ֻҪϳǮҵκ¼ҡ
Ҳ⣬ǰ췢ȥɱҶϢ󣬲̶̵İʱ䣬˺Ǣ̸ˣҲʶԷȻǶһ֧Ӷš


350 λ
ڶһ磬ҶͱССĳӽ۹ʻ˽˷ɻѾúߣֻҶ쵽̨ܷˡ
Ҷ죬ҾͲȥˣССӣһҪҵϵܵźʱССҶмġ
ԶҲϵ˻ȴǲʺϸҶ춫ˣֻðҶߣЩ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ƣİɣëͷź˰ǰµҲҪպã˸ȥˡ
֪ΪΣҹҶ˯ṳ́ܲʵܸоʲôҪƵģֻֿ֮ʲôߣȴҲʱĿڡ
ΪԤףҶûͬҿԼǰ̨壬ëͷʲô£һ˱ȽϺëͷע⡣
Ҷ콻ԶһЩ˵ʱһīߵҶߣ˵ҶСڵɻϾҪˣ
Ӹαܺ۵ĳΣ׷׸߼Ƹ۵ķɻӳԱڡ
Ҷ֪ǰ˾֤˵ĹȻֲжãȴһġ
Ҷ˵ͷԶ˵ˣܻʱֱӻؾˡ
ҴˣȻ绰ȥ̫̫߶ĽŶҪ۹ȻҲҶˡ
СС˽˷ɻԶĻҪݻһЩһʮ˴εͻҶ칬ССͰ֮⣬йССںԱ
ССȻҲûϢãŮƣ촩ú࣬ԺǱҲ⿪ˣ˸ͷĻ˵ǰϲִġ
Ҷʦ⡭ҵȷź𣿡Դӷɻ֮󣬹ССһֱڿԼջǰ仰˳
Ҷ˵ͷ˵Ůʿİɣµ͵ƽֶ£ҶĳȻʬġ
ڵһα֮ǰֻ۵һθֱ֮ܰ˲ŷҲƸƺʩҲͬ˳
ԶҶ˵ڰʮڣڵؾﵽԪǲĻ٣δؾ䵽˵ͷϡ
һˣҶδػԸ⻨ôľ޶ˣǳ𾴵ġ
ǾͺãǾͺáССѯҶδؾõ𰸣ֻǽԼĽʹ
۾ֱ̨߾벢ǺԶһСʱ˽˷ɻ̨ܻͣɻͦȺһаͳԶ˷ɻԱߡ
ǰССָֻŮǿ˵ıɫ˳󣬵ضԽӻ˵ȥƵɡ
ҶҪʩʱ̨ԶȻģӦʬӦڸеķΧڣص㻹Ҫٴݡ
һ̨壬ҶҲǺ棬ϵشŴľɫ
ӳϿȥڵһ޶ĶǺڷƤĻˣҶĸоڵصĳһ
ҶƺľɫܸȤСС˵Ҷ죬ǵһ̨壬ͷҰ˴ڸתתɡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ˣҵźһǾ۰ɡ
̨壬ҶĸоǺܺãĵǻĪسһ¶ʲôҪһ㡣
СС˰һǼƵͳ׷ƵҶͽ뷿䣬׼κˡ
ó˲һѪҶھƵĵ滭л귨ɺ󣬴ԪҶ˯ȥ
һһֱ˯ҹҶת˹ӦԪҶϥڴɡ
ܴںߣڰҹʱС꣬𽥱Ҷ𴲺⣬رģ
⵹Щ鷳
Ҷҡҡͷˮ̺֮Ԫݺ飬ҪԶ½ѣⳡ꣬ռҪķԪ
Ѫ󷨲ܳ־ãҶҲ֪ⳡʱͣ˵ֻǿˣóͨڵöͭǮҶ쿪ʼռ
ǰɸѪɵлҶռ֮ʱһɫϢɢ˳ȥЩǸǰϢ
ڽ꣬һֱоڣܶ˶ΪڵģһַʽԼ
Ϊ˵ֻǻһֹߣʹܹ˵ıڣÿһȥ궼ε䡣
Ҷ֪ǲڵģ˵˼άȴǿԱһʱ䣬ЩԹرصˣ԰˼άͨɷֳ֮Ҳ׳Ƶ
ֵֻʱ伫̣һ칤˼άͻתûκʶɷ֮ҲҽԺɷҪԭ
ÿ˶һͬĸ壬֮󣬻ǻһЩϢģֻЩϢ翣Ҷʦ˭Ҳ޷յõ
ţڶϷ򣡡
ռһ֮Ҷ͵̧ͷھƵĶϷʮﴦһɼ΢ϢңңӦ
ҶȡʦŴе̣ĵλãһָһȵ
Ҷĺڲͷ߸ϢķͻȻǱסһ㣬ɫϢ뵽֮С
Щ˵͸Ϣ뵽֮ϡѪķ󣬾Ȼ𽥵ر䵭ȫʧˡ
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Ҷ˿ĬֵͬʱһԪ뵽֮УмĴʱתָ˶Ϸ
Ҷ߳Լķ䣬ÿź˵빬Ůʿˣٸҽи˷ݵĲˣ
ͳ׷ķȻõģڹСС֮ʱһӺʴҲ˽Ҷ춼ûгԷҲ˲ùССԹԵس
ȵҶ֮󣬹ССȲʵҶʦô
Ҷͽ˲죬˵ҵˣϷʮﴦ
桭ģǡǿȥɣҶĻ󣬹ССһվǰ豭˶֪
Ҷת´⣬˵ô꣬ھҲ㣬ŮʿҪСһȥ
Ѿ˸ʬϢֻҪ̵ָʾҵ˵ʬǣҶ첢Ǻżˡ
ڣҲҪѰڳССҡҡͷᶨ˵
ðɣǾȥɡƣҶεҡҡͷĵ˿¶ǿ
ҶʱҲЩƣ޷ѾԼˣɱҲ뵽˺⾿˭Լ
ֻҶô뵽ǰһ΢С£ȴ֮֮ǣִ̨ǰһ죬һжʮ˾ĵĽ뵽ܡ


351 
С㣬ϷʮѾˣ̨磬⡭ܳȥ𣿡
ڹССļ£ҶһƵĵͣ˾˵ҪϷ򿪣Űˡ
̨壬̨ΣҪڵÿΪ̨ɴԱ͹ũҵʧÿ̨٣Ըŵġ
û£һͺãһҪȥ
ʱĹССѾƫִˣɷ˼ȻȴһУֻ뾡ҵ˵ʬۡ
С㣬ʵһġҶ̾˿ĸоҲǳãܾóȥ֮ƺʲôҪһ㡣
ССҡҡͷһݵ˵ҶʦѾ˰꣬ʵڵȲȥˣȥ
Ҷ˰֣˹ССĻ˾ʵʦϷʮﴦǸʲôط
˾Цһ˵Ǹۿں壬ܵĺƷǴϰģƽʱȥûʲô
ССధ첢ų̂Ԥֻ˵㣬ʹȥǷģССԲҵġ
ą̃磬ϾҪ
˾һ֮󣬵ͷӦϾĴϰ壬⳵ҪǲԼҲĹ˾ȥˡ
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׻˵֮±·ССʮĺ˾¶ɫǼҲЦݣȥܳʮǮ׬ײ׬ġ
ӻʻƵĵͣһ¶죬ɵˮСһ˳ųк͸ĲʱǶһĥɰľɫģ
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Σֱܶ׳꺺Ӵʱðޱ紵ݶСбܺУׯֳһæµľ
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˼ң˵Ҷ˾򿪳ţк˳
Ҷеͨ˳ʵǱģ
̨ȻҲ˵ͨģеȴ̨嵱صķԣ֮˵ǲͨģҶһ죬˾
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ҶӳóһʳɢЩСӣʱøУЦӭѣ֪Ǹʲô𣿡
ҶҲûżɽ˵˼ңм飬Ҫ֤һ£ڼ֮ǰǴûд̹Ʈ˰
ʱ̴ָʾ븵֮ѾˣԼһȥ˴ׯڷؾĹһ׼ᱻ˸ġ
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֪ǲǺˮ⣬ĺ̲ϣÿ궼һЩѵʬƯҲвߵļѰҹ
ҶĻ˶ǵ⵹ȻˣСӣ˵һ㣬ȻҲǲġ
Ҷ쿴һ۹СС˵˼ңӦһž·ңǸʮˣӡ𣿡
üͷ˰죬ЩǸҡҡͷ˵һž꣬Ǻþǰˣһļǲÿ궼ʮƮϰ඼˰
ٱˮһݣḡ޷òжġ
Ҷʾ˼ңӦǱװģܼ𣿡
ҶݣӦȱɱȻװ빫֮ºģ£ʬӦ֮еġ
ҡҡͷԵûУûװƯˣϺҼǵ
ţҶüͷѵûˮһ俪ˣ
˼ңЩѵˣڶʲôطأָ𣿡
ʵҶͲҪָˣѯ˵ĿģֻҪԼȻھصصΪ
ҶĻָָӺ棬˵棬Ǹɽˣô˵Ҳһٶˣ
СѾںܾˣʱʬǻزű棬йزҲ޷ҵʬǰʲô
ʱһãҲȥ㱨ˣһ㶼нʬڴӺɽϣôɽѾһҷظڡ
Ҷ콫е˳˵˼ңŮʿλ˱ˣҳ֪ɲ԰
ԭСλˮԣȻˣ˴ȥ
ۺ̨أˮʦĴڵȫǷģ߹٣ƽգһеǼΪƳġ
˴ɡкһﺢ˳ûᣬһʮ˹˵ӿȥҪ߹ȥ
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Ҷ˵ͷ³ʱƱǰС˲٣ⳡѵŢޱȣһŲȥˮûס
·Ţʪһ·Ҷ֮⣬Ǽڶˤ˼ͷ
ڹССͲ˵ˣ⴩ɫȹӣѱûһһƬͰ͵Ľϡ
Ȼֻİ׵·̣˻˰СʱɽϺҶ˿Ĩϵˮ̷С
ιǰڸˣǾۿǵطǶɽȥˣԣǸҶʦҲɽˡ
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352 ʬ
ڸһĳһĸߴ˹Ҷ˵绰¶һ˿ЦܻһȦ˵ĿѾ֣װ׼
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˻䣬ΧһӦʮ⺷˴ӳ˳ǹ˨ڳڴ˷
ҶĻܷЩ˾Ѫʢɷÿض˫մѪ֮ˡ
磬ͶԸһ˶ѣôֵܶȥ𣿡һʮҵߵߣĵذеһС
һۣ˵ǣҪ˵ұɣȥ˻𣿡
Ļ󣬰ǵͫ͵ؽоʲô磬Ȼ㻹Ҫ
ڶӶһ棬ڽǰɱԺһʱĴɣҲһΧ°ȻʹöԷء
ʮǰ齨Ӷ֮ʮдССӹ뵽ս֮УÿһζǸɾƯɣӶ綼ġ
Ժŵ˵֧Ӷŵ꣬Ȼ˵ԼǶԷĵ֣ʱó¶˾㵵ɫ
ôˣվǰӶԱ¶һ˿׽͸Цݡ
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ԭھѾԽΪȻ˾ӣִһ֧жǵӶţȻǽͷӳִ
޷С˶ʮ꣬ŵʱ򣬾ǸʦģԶ޷鼫̩޷ʬоʹ˸ʦֱͷ
ȻСϰͷִɱΪ˽⣬ԲԼӶŵʵɱҶ죿
˳ǮҪɱҶһʱͰϣȻһжλʦġ
ˣ¾ͶȥɣһͬشһݺûЩӶųԱϡ
ƺĻ̼ˣǰһ磬ӶŴûһ˵ɱ񣬷𣡡
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ССûҶĻɽһƽ˵СͷССֻоͷʪĲ֪ˮˮˡ
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Ҫ֪ҷظھǵ岢ǺԶǰѷͷڿһ϶˯žˡ
Ҳ̫ҶķˮһЩɷǵ˻ˣĶķˮʦ
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Ҷ˰֣̣עһ˿Ԫ̵ĴתƬָ֮һ򣬴Ķ˻ڲͣزš
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СС˲Ըæ˵ǽĹӶó˹˾֮⣬ٸÿһ򣡡
СС˿ֻܽϣȫҶˣſӵĲϱҶĻ¹ССȥˡ
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Щڵнʮҵӣһ˾ʮڿһˣҲֵˡ
ˮڿҪ򵥶ˣСʱһ򵥵ˮͱ˳еˮȥ֮󣬿ӵĸ˳
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ȻС˺ܶ࣬ŢʪвͻƻʬҶ׼ԼԶˡ
ѹľ׼ã
Ҷ쿴վڹССˣ̨幫˾ĹԱĽ£ʱڷһԼһ׵մɶƽСײġ
˰մɹײĴ򿪺Ҷ콫˫צڿӵץһצȥһƷ
ҵˣ
ҶƵļ׼ȷָоһ˿ͬ˳Ǽ彫ܵ˳
Ҷ콫ó˺Ȼ֣ǾһԼһҹͷˮˢ¶ɭɭɫ


353 ҹɱϣ
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Ǹ׹Ǻ󣬹ССҲѹֲסԼ޺žҶķȥȴǱԵİһѸסˡ
С㣬СүѸʬɣ
һ仰ʩ˶һ㣬ùССεվסˣ˫ֽӹǸ׹ǣҲ˲մȾԼϡ
ССĵӣҶȰС㣬¼ȨȻص֮뷨ʦΪȰɡ
ллллҶʦССŴӦһĽеİ׹Ƿ뵽˹ײ
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ˣһûͷû־ģôҵİ
˵䣬ղž͵Ҷʦˣ㣬ȥæɡ
ҶǺǼھǿĿɿڴжҶҲ˿Ļɡ
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·ǸҲٿҶĿ⣬ȴǳ˾η;棬ҶһѰ˵Ĺ򣬼ֱƵˡ
ѨѰˣڷˮ֮ǱȽѵģֱµ˾ԶǴʦڵ֮ݵ׼ȷˣҲҶһˡ
Ҳ⣬λе±޴ʦҲһ㣬ΪһλȸѰҵ游ʬʶڱġ
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֪Ϣ޴ʦܵİţ͵ַλ游ʬǵڴﻪɽһصص㡣
Ȼ޴ʦԳŸҵʬĵطʬѰ󣬾DNAֶһȶԣȷǸɣѰ¼Ҳɾ޴ʦڱ˽ĺպ
ȻЩں͹ԱԣҲ֪еЩֶΣۼҶѰʬǣȴֻжҶľηˡ
Сһ㣬ĹǺ
µҶҲȥ¿ռ䲻˾㹻ˣϹССڰ߿ţҲҹ˵ʬǡ
бͬҲˮĳˢ£һЩʪ౻׷׳忪˵Ĺ¶˳ٶ֮ӿˡ
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ҿҶֽƬȡ˹ĴָʹһЩʱ׷
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ǣһǰˣССҲƵĴҶжǸƬʱȪӿ
СС֪ԼɷǰλǺѣеƤ߶õǽЦҪָ֧ۻƤ۵ĳ֣˹ССеһ˿ǡ
СС˲ѵӣҶ̧ͷɫ˵ˣС㣬ˣѸʬʰûȥɣ
ȻС˵㣬ûͣ⻹Ǹɽ£ɽҹ·ȽΣգҶž췵صƵ
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ʱҶͷȻһ˿ף͵ػͷ·ȥȴֻǻҰɫ֮Ѫ죬ȾɫƮˮһ˿Ѫɫ
ÿϵѪǿ־ԽᶨԽǿ׳ˣѪҲʢĩ𣬴˵оͷѪֱʡ
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ԶѪȻûд˵ǰţҲظߴʮɣҶУѪ֮ɱ֮ҲҶǰδġ
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Ҷոӵʱ䣬һ̵ͨС뵽Ҷղλãһ֮Ҷ뿪ķ뵽˹ľ
׻˵ɽɽѣɽ֮һСɽȻǺܸߣľֱ鲼ϴ굼ɽ·ʪ޷߿졣
һҶɱڰУӶĵֻҪ΢Щ紵ݶϾһӵɨȥ

һ˸߳ʮ׵ʱ򣬰ȻһӰѳǹʱǸɨǹ콫ȥ
㣬Сӣǡôˣ
ǹͣЪ֮󣬰ܺȻ֣ˣȻϢԵ˵ϡ
ҶûֶΣЩ˫մѪӶҲǸеëȻ·ԵĲһˣһһ㡣
תһ¶˺ϵ˿ڣ˵ߣҪͣϵտĵطûа취ˣ
ȻԷǴսĸ֣ǶҶԣЩ˶׵ĸһ㣬ʱʱǹ·߱Ϯɱ
ɽɽһ׵ĸ߶ȣߵģȻֻʣ°һˡ
ֺʹү
ֵһȥͷԼ򵥵İ˵һ޷ܵļ尾ɽº󣬰ܵѾеˡ
ҳȫ㣡
ڰܸմһӵûüеʱǰıȻͬӵһϡ
ʶһ˫ۣȴоӶͷСһƺˬࡣ
۰ܷ֣Լǰһ̵̯Ķ֮ܲŷӦ˹Щĸ࣡
ҶһӰüĴһֱСҲõ޺ۣµǰİʬ嶼ˡ
ɣûǹһս
߶Ա˿ѾںˣԼʧȥϻʲôģ
ִӿܴ˺һؽǰѴʿﵶԼϣؿŰķ
ҶܸӦõԷûǹе֪ΪΣһĪΣΣֲԶԷҶЩͷԡ
˭ΪҪ׷ɱңҶ컹վ˳ԷֻʣһˣϮɱڴʱѾʧȥ塣
ҽҵʦֽ޷һ˫˰۾ضҶ졣
οҶƬô޷ò忡ˣȻֿȭĽĶʮ괴µӶ¾
̩Ľͷʦ
Ҷһ˿â޷ʦܣµ˺Ľͣԭͺ̩ͷʦһǲˡ
ʦԪšɳйʱҶնɱ޷ۣաȥʦɣ
Ҷ˵ȴıشĶɫΪ֮һ䡣
ٷϻվΪʦֱ֮ʱ
һȴҶĻе߾٣һ粽ǰҶֱֱ
̩ȭУһֵȴǴձѧģһѾﵽεľ磬ʩչȫһ㡣
Ǻõһˣ
͵һҶҡҡͷһ޺ƽ̧ǰкȻȵɱ
ɽɷ޺ȴһױҶĶϺһ֮ɷֱüġ
ԭźҶһսôûϵҶ쾹ȻʩչԸԼɷк˲ô

Ҷ΢΢Ӵǰ˹ȥȥˣһŰ˽ͷ­ȴǳ
ͷ­һ˲䣬ƺҲ˹ϾȻ¶һ˿쳣Цݡ
ţԣնɱͬʱҶкȻһëȻĸо


358 ƶϣ
һǿҵΣҶͷָоǱ߶һ㡣
ʵҲˣҶͷ׸֮ʣͻȻо޺۵ұ΢΢һ̧ۿȥҶ¶˾ɫ
һֲָͷȰԳһͨɫСߣҧҶСϣҶ𾪵ǣұ۾Ȼо˿ʹ
׻˵ҧ˵ĹУҲˣԽǿ߶ҧ˵ʱԽûʹĸоһЩߵĹңܶ˶˯б߶ȥġ

Ҷ˳ȥһ߬סСߣŷʱ⽴
ͬʱҶұĸоǿˣ۶ܿһɺС죬Ҷʷͬˣ߶ѱ鼰ȫˡ
߶֮һǳҶ󣬴˿Ȼе޺۶ղסˣһѣֱԼʣҶվеҡҡ׹
ܵܵȥҶ֪ȥСĿܶˡ
͵˿ˮ˳ſ뵽˿ǻҶԭЩԺͷԶʱһЩҼ紦öزôߵ𴦡
Ѫ֮Ҷù޺ۣɿұǺ֮˸ʮ֣Ȼȥ˱
ۣ
һںڵѪ³Ҷֻоͷɼ߶֮ǿңںѪ󣬴ʮֻ˿Ѫ˺ɫ
УҪȥҽԺ
Ҷûн߶ȫȥľˣ뵽ڵ߶ǻһġ
õ·˺һҶұ۸Ĳסˣһ˲Զɽлеƹ֮⣬ںڰ֮С
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֮£Ҷֻ˳̨һɽȥʮֻ¼ڵѪС
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ʮӺҶɽİɽЩŵ۾ΪǰģȻһۡ
ģҡⲻǶԷ˰ɣ
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Ҷһ仯ԭѹסĶضʱֻоͷһΣҶһͷԵ˵۵ſڡ
뿪嵽ɽϮɱм佲ƻʵܹŹȥһСʱ
ҲҶڵſڣ磬ȴΪҶʧѾַ죬Զ͹ССҿˣǷԼĹϵ¼ͱ̨߲㡣
ҿڵõϢļ٣ϾԶרһʱ̨ȥ
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оֳܾڰ칫źոսӵλдĵ绰ҪһҶ˵İȫ
ȫɽȥΧסһֻҲ׼ܵ
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֪Ϣֳܾ˿㲻Ҫһ˱ڹˣñӴżλֳðҲɽȥˡ
һѰҹȴܶΪڴ֮Уǿ񱼵ľúܶʱʧǻΪսء
ˣڼжűĸгѧǣȻҲðŴ˼ţĿȻҲǷɽͷ˾һЩȾŻëŶС졣
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һһЩ˾ͳûλѧУСܣһȻδرȵǰĺڰУʵ֮ǰȴֻǿġ
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̨壬ȻΥģ˭֪ǵĴڣЩҲûʲô취˫ĳЩ϶һĬ
ʱֳܾȴǼˣ·ĻԲԸеĺڵһδϴġ
ֳܾҲ밡
ЦһֵɡоƣȻӶͳ̣ɢֳܾһ˵Ӽկ绰ҪһҶˣ˵ķԸҸΥ𣿡
Тӵկ˭֪Ҳֳܾǰ˵λҲȫТİţǰδеĻҲġ
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ףôˣ
ߵǰֳܾ֮˷֣λУڣ߰˸ʿɫǳѿڵϻһЩŻ
ʱѾȫͣЪˣһ̯ŻɢĴ̱ζֳܾҲ̲סóֽס˱ӡ


359 ƶУ
鳤⡭⵽ô°
ֳܾе鳤Ǹפı鳤УΣʮͷ䣬֮ǰֳܾν
ȻϵŻֳ⼸ɵģΪֳܾؿһʿǻûøɾĶ
ܣˣЩԣֳܾУЦɷ׵Ҳ¶һ˿Ѫɫ
ôˣѡѵǸҶˣֳܾԴ󾪣ϷҪ֤Ҷȫġ
ֳܾĻУɫʮֵĹŹ֣̯̯˵ڻ֪ɽϵȴǲ١
ˣֳܾüͷ˵ǡǿҶ䰡ǻҪó
Уҡҡͷ˵ȱʬˣⲻڵǵ𣿡
ǻʲô˶ɽǿɽɣ
ֳܾһĲоеķҽͬʱҪüҽҶǰ׼
Уһסֳֹܾ˵ܣˣҡȰͱȥˡ
ôԣ
ֳܾЦһͬѹ˵죬ʵ˵ͷѹܴǸҶǳ£ҲӲסġ
Уֳܾһɽߣһ˵һûɽֻǰˣҪ׼
֮ǰУеɽڴûߣΪⳡʵǹںˣЩû̵ĺƽҲŵòᡣ
ʲôµģҼĶˣǰ컹иɻƴúüȱ첲ء
ֳܾУĻЩΪȻ˵ʱ۾Ʋ°ⷬҲôµֵ㡣
ߵɽŴʱ򣬸ںһҽȻ˵ţôôճ
¹꣬Ͱɣһ˳ڴ
ͣǡѪ
֮ǰ˵ҽֵµ棬ɫʱɷףʯ̾͵·ϣȻȫѪ
Ҫ֪ŸոͣЪûʮӣô궼ûѪˢҪϵѪȫꣿ
ûüֻţУѾվס˽ţ˵ˣ
УĻ󣬼˲ԼͬؽֵǰȴֵźüŰױֻǱ˿̶ѾȾ˺ɫ
ֵ֧߰Ͳõƣӳյĵƻͨ˷֣վλõΧʮ״ȫɫѾЩںڵѪ
һɴ̱ǵȳζҲڴʱ뵽˵ıǶˣζ֮ǿңûûʬֳܾæס˱ӣԵķ˲û
ֳܾӶͳһŴ棬淢ҶƬǿȳζߵײǰ󣬶һ˵СѡѲ
Ϊ˴򽻵ķҽСֳζϰߵĺܣֳĻһѾͳ˰ײ
һû˿Ѫɫ׳ֳܾǰüĴһлۣһֱ쵽Сϵ·ȫˡ
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ŻŻ
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ȥǸҽӦһֱߵŰײĵطþȴûл
СôˣֳܾǿθеĲʣתǱ߿һۣһҪԭǵʳһ˵ϡ
ʬ嵹ûôģûκε˺ۣĲϣԭӦóͷ­ĵطȴǿտҲ
ȵֳܾǿŭĿԲͷ­ʱθûκεʳΪˮµһɶûѵ֭ˡ
ʱֳܾףΪθղ鳤ǼʿɫѿˣЩû̵ľˣĳ̶ֳ϶ԱҪġ
һԵİҲаңҿЩŲɽΪЩСǼⳡʮоŸ˳ŵġ
ֳõͷǱһģҽְܾĴ²鿴ʬֳܾ˻㱨
ˣСҽɽ浽׷ʲô飡
ֳܾ˰ִСĻתǸУ˵鳤鷳ɼʿǣڻ֪Ƿɽϣ
ĿǰΪֹ˭û뵽˶ҶµģϾ޷ֽǸò˺ϵһ
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鰲źúֳܾҲԸˣ鳤һصɽڣɫҲú֮ǰǼʿһѿˡ
ɽȻ󣬵Ҳһ׸ߵģɽԭʼòɽϴܲʮֵѡ
ɳ֧ӣʮСʱֱڶ磬ǽɽһɸӣǰΣҲ̲ס⡣
ʮʬ˿̶ɽŵһϣҽҹæµҲ²Щߵ򣬽˷˼
Ǳն׵ߣһǱһģǼؿѵ߾͸ӿˣزֱǱͷײһ㡣
Ȼĵ׶֪˸ɳģǸԸɽ̹ģ˼ֱҪȡһѪеʷ̩Ҫ̬ˡ
ʮ״ҵʬİڵϣʱ¶ȶ½˼֡
ֳܾɫѿ֮ȻЩʬûҶ죬ϽشĶ԰ֳܾѴ̵ġ
ԱˡֳܾоƳƿʱ򣬼Աӵ˹
̨ԺԱӵСȨȨѯȨаͳ͵ͳȨ̨߽ײһȺˡ
λдܲռݵϷĳԱֳܾҲǲҵæӭȥ
ҶҵûУ
ֳܾ㵵ǣԱδ˵ߵһȥֻʮ˵ȿˡ
λǡֳܾЩɵؿԱ
ֳܾԥԱ˵λֳܾ֪˵һ°ɣ
ڳԱߵҿȻҹͷ˹ֻǸܱ磬ɻ޷䣬ֻͣһϹġ


360 ƶ£
ǣԱһҹ̲飬һʬʮߣвûҶ
æһҹֳܾҲ۲ˣʱǴ˾񣬰ֳԱ㱨һ
ԷݲûУ
ҿʵʱ·ͽӵ˵绰֪ûзҶʬ壬һ֮࣬ԴɱҶǺ֮ǡ
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йעİӣȻЧޱȣʬ沿ձȶԣܿڶԺյӶš
ֳܾλУ𾪵ǣ֧μӹսӶţȻȫûڷɽ
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ֳܾЦһ˵籩һҹϵкǹ̫ʲôû
ôİӣֳܾҲ˲Ƿʥˣҹݷ˷ɽֲٿɮ˴ᣬܿʦˣȴûһ˵ҹ﷢顣
ֳܾĽͺҿһᣬ̧ͷ˵ˣԱ鷳ˣȥϢ°ɣҿЩ˵˿ڣ
ҿʮǰλԱݹ˵ջʦרҵһܸߵְ
ԭԱǲŵģһżȻļ̶̨̳̼깦ԺίԱ̨ԱȻҿޱˡ
Աȴǲ֪ҿûݵĳ̳ĵĺڣȴǰųźֵ֮ģȻЩǺˡ
ȫһӦʦֶܵΣ
߳Աҿһƿʬϵİײ쿴Ƭ̹¶Цݡ
Щ˵֮ǰȫɥʧ˶Ҷһ仰˵ǣҶӦǰȻġ
޷ѰҶӰ٣ҿɱ𵱾ֹע͵͵ߵˡ
Ϊ¼ҿãʦֶȻһ㣬֮ʲһûʲôԵġ
ֳܾ˶˰ɣҶӦñʲô˸ˣҲΧŷɽˣ
صʱָӲҿҵֳܾΧɽ˲Ҷδؾ͸¶档
鷳ˣⲻҲҪˣ
ҿĻֳܾ¶ЦԭΧڸɽڵʿѾʼǳˡ
ԱҲһϾҿһס˵ʵڶԲҪϸϻȥЩ
ʲô飿
ҿֵʵԱ̨巢չͷãΪһ쵼˵ĺܸߣӦûʲô˽Űɣ
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Ǳߣҿһ㶣̶ȻԭԱ˵ڵء
ˣҶ쵽ʲô˰ôᾪǱߵģҲģܲܰ˵һ°
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ҿҡҡͷ˵ͱˣ¶ɣ
ҿ̨֪ʱԶڵصĳｻ棬Ҳû뵽Զ˵Ӱ̶̵ʮСʱǱ߿ʼж
һ绰ۣȻҿȷԶͨԼ˽˹ϵ̨ʩӵѹͨԼҿҶ˵绰
ǱӦûˣԱ¾ͲҪˣʬ嶼˰ɡҶϵ绰ҿ˳ԱҶ첻֪٣ԼʦֵȻҪƺˡ
⡭ˣҿ绰ʱ򣬳ԱһֱԱߵģ۳赭дؼ仰ܰ¶ƽϢ
ҿԱһŵӣЦţҪ绰ʣ
ãȥ绰Ա˵ͷҲûҿĻƶ绰߳ʱָӲ
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վĸˣҿͷһݣǵһ˿ԼʱҿֱҰ޶ϵĸо
ڴʱԱѾ뿪ˣµĲЩľԱȻǲ⼸˵Ķ֣Թȴǲǹ׼⼸ˡ
ǽӵίУҪѰһҶй˲İȫƬǲҪᣡ
˲ǹǼȻδ䣬ǳԽһ£һͬóһŴƬ
˭ίǵģҿʵ
һ˵Բ𣬹Ļǲй©
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ҿͷðһӰʱֳܾҲ˹ҿһס˵ȲҪ⼸뿪Ҵ绰
֪Ҷ챻׷ɱϢҿһӦǸμӵܸɵģޱ˸绰ߵĳһ١
ͻأֵļӣÿ˶֮ҿܴѹô̵ʱڹӶˣޱ֮⣬رҲûôˡ
ҿûڽӵĵ绰ޱûֱר̨塣
ƿôһҵ۹ޱһ˿Ǵڵģ֪ʹԼҲûʲôãڵһʱӶһ֧ڽִӶš
ŽǵӶޱΪ֧˽ǧԪȻڶӵ˵Ⲣʲô
ҿޱ绰ʱޱ˵Ǹֶʱľٶӵҿĵ绰֪Ӧû֮ޱһ
⼸ӶѾӶˣȻ˲ȥġ
ҿżɽһȦЩɱĺۼ⼸ԭư쳣Ӷһʵǫ˺ܶࡣ
ǶӶĶȻ֪㻻Լ³ҲǺǶʮʬһ޶
̨زŵѹ£ʹ̨½͹ӶķƶĴ¼һСķΧڡ
ԭΪҶ¶ͷҿͿʼżˣΪҶ쾹ȻǴʧһ㣬ûκϢ


361 ʦ֣ϣ
Ҷӳ˯֪Լ˯˶ãںηһ˯ʮе·ʧˡ
׻˵ڽɼҶ̤ŽԴɱǻĹʵѾˣٵ޷޷԰Ρ
ʱҶһֱܽţƺһЩ˲٣Ҷޱȿ
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û۾ҶǶ˾ᵽһ̴㣬ζƽͣڱһ˿
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ҶʦԪôΨԲҶ̴㼫Ϊ֮ѡéɽΪԪΪϲȸ衣
Ҷڤ֮ʱԪǻȼһ̴㣬ǹζͱǶ˴һ޶֮ʱҶʮʱϵЩ̴þˡ
ȻʱѾȥʮ꣬Ҷ컹һ¾ų̴ζѿں˳
СѺüʶӡ̴㣡
һϵҶתͷȥҶ쿴ԼɵĴǰһݵصˡ
һɫصۣͷϴűƽĻԪñһסʮ롣
Ȼļݣɫȴʮֺûһ˿ƣֻҶƳȴܿ˵ҲҪʮġ
ҶʹӴǰϵ˹֣ʵˣСӣ
Ȼ֪Լ˶ãǶ֮ǰ飬Ҷ£ļǵԼεһſڣԼӦڵġ
ͷԼұۣ˿ڴͿһҩֻоһ޺ۻʮֻ˿ڣȻ
Եɺϰˣܼ֮ȣ
ǵЦվҶ쵹˱ˮ˵߶ǶԼңҺ֮ǰιˣ񣬻סϵҩҲ޷ȵġ
ʿĻҶһʱ磬Ȼ˿Ͱȴϵԣ߶Ȼȥˡ
ްҶϴӴµϣϵؾһ˵ллˣ˵ţСҶպ󵱷л˾֮
Ҷ˵ֵʲôǮҶȴϧĽ֪ԼǷˣ֮ͬ죬ôΪ
ţǺǣͺ¿ǶԪӣСͽԪɣϵЦŰеĲ豭ݸҶ졣
ԪӣҶһ¶˾١
ڹŴʥͲֺ׹һӡ֡
ӡӡׯӺ͵ҵıӸ飬ȵȣǿɽ֮ˣǰܱ˳ΪԪӣҲǸĸˡ
ţԪ첲
ڽӹԪӵĲ豭ʱҶŷ֣ϵ֮ԵݣȻȱһۡ
Ǻǣûʲôġ
Ҷ쾪ı飬ϵͦģЦЦ˵ˣͱˡ
ͷųʶ̽һּòΪҶղŲûȥӦԷڵϵĻҶȴǺĴ̲סͷųԼ
һ̽ȴҶһΪֶԷɲ⣬ڶһ㣬ԼȻ޷̽ĵף
˵ΪȻ൱ҶһǷͬСɣԴ𻯳ɵԪ֮⣬ҶδκһԴﵽ񾳽ˡ
ôһɽеȻһˣҶһʱ񼤵ȴջԼ
ףСѣ㡭ᣬҲﵽ㾳ˣϵڸҶ˵ʱȻ֪Ԫ񣬵Ҳû뵽Ҷľ֮ߡ
ֻǻԵɺϰˡҶҡҡͷԪʵѾľ磬ϻ˭κε㣿
֮ͻԤԤ֪ԤеֻҪ㲻룬Σ֮ǰܡ
Ҷ˷գҲ׷ɱˣȻҶʱܵһѹΧסġ
Ҷҿ϶ϵֻ֣һڵʧȥġ
뵽Ҷͷ΢΢ЩɥԭΪֻԼһ˴ﵽľأȴû뵽Ըˡ
Сѣʱֻûء
ϵԿЦһɫȻһ˵СѣҽԵ֣ҽԵϵһѯϣʵش𣡡
Ԫ࣬ҶҲЦݣɫԪʣҶ֪ģԲκε
ãϵˣ
ҶĻԪǶһǰһһϣͻȻ
ʣСѵǴӺζģóԪӽסҶ۾ƺڷֱǷѡ
㡭Ϊȡ֮
Ҷɫһ䣬ȥ̺ͨ͡ȴǲˣֻ޺ۿԼ䡣
СѣҲǹģڸ˲ʱ򿴼ġ
Ԫҡҡͷ˵мԨԴСʵ棬Ԫм
Ҷһ£˵ʦŵĶôԨԴ
ʦţҶĻϵ˫ĿԲ
ԨԴظһϵĻҶҲС
㡭׼ҿչļң
㡭ʦԪ
ҶԪͬʱϾ¶˲˼顣
Ԫӻãڼʦ̺ʦġ֮ͨѾ˼ֲ²⡣
Ҷ첻ͬζû뵽ȻɽϼԼʧʮĴʦֱ֣ͬһ㡣
Ҷૺ󡭡ʦ֣
ʦյĵӣ
ԪӴʱѾȷҶˣһ̣ȡһ壬˵ʦľʱҵķ֤ҵݣ
ʦ֣
ҶһҾͰȥ֪ʦмηֱ˴ʦֹļҺͶʦԪ
ҶҶǰɣļҵЩʵʦʦ˼ң𣿡
ļСԪѧգʦͽ֮鲻ڸӣȻ뿪½Ѿʮˣļʱ޿̲ϵЦò
ļҲףϵĻڵĻҪһʮˣǻôһϣϣҶе֪ʦϢ
ҶɫȻҡҡͷݵ˵ʦ֣ʦǰѾ𻯳ˣ
Ȼ׼ļȻɫ䣬źϡ
ʦ֣˼ߵĺܰ꣡
Ҷһס˹ļңץסǿյʱв¶һ˿ɫʵʦ֣۾ǺΪ


362 ʦ֣У
ȲҶ죬˵˵ʦЩôģ˼ʱʹࣿ
ļҡҡͷֻѾ˽͵ˣʱǸƽ˵ҩʱļҸĵʦЩ
Ҷ쿴˿ʦֵɫ֪϶£Ҳû׷ʣ˵ڰʮʦչµģʦ念һֱ޲֣ǰ޵𻯳ɵġ
Լõ´е֮⣬ҶԴʦκεԼϵϵ飬һԵȫ˵˳
ҶΪԪļ¶ɫҶ콲ʦ𻯳֮ʣļȴǱ˲ѡ
ȻѾѮʦأҶ콲ʮľԭһֱֵֹˮž޲ĹļңʱҲݺᡣ
ļұ˵ĻڲҶȰοʦ֣ҪˣʦҪǵֵ֪ҲǺοģ
ļҲ۽ǵˮ̾ʦһ̨壬ʦûдӦҲʮ겻
ʦ֣ⷲһһ춨ʦѧˣڴ½ȻĵġҶԴʦ⻰ǲҹͬϵҪ̨壬ǻͶʦʲô°
ҶĻ󣬹ļһ£̶Լǿյӣͷ˵˵öԣʦҪˣ˵ҵۡ
ʦ֣˵ô°Ҷһ׷ʵǰʱɱ˶ʮˣҶͷɷδ˵ʱɱ¶
˵˵ļҰ˰֣˵˵ҿҲҵʦܣ
ȻɽϣļҲǶһ֪ʦͷҲŹģȴ֪ǾȻԼͬʦܡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ǣʦۣҸ绰ϹɣʦҲžˣ
ʱҶ죬Ȼ֪ҿѸ̨壬ȹϵһ㵽ѰԼء
ʮǱľޣùļҺܿʹӵ֪ʦıϲ侲һ˵Ҿδˣﵹûе绰ұ𼱣ȾӣҴȥܿ绰
Ҷ߶̫ңȻѾ˶ԪҪָġ
ҹļҲ֪һЩǰ淢飬ڰСʦֶ֮ܳ࣬ҲҶй©ټҶҪ鷳
ҶȻӴһ󡰹ϲһ죬ʵˣʦ֣һ˶ð
ˣ඾δ壬תѪмӿ죬˵㰲Ĳҩ˯һ죬˰ɣҰСҪˣ͸
ڸҶʱ̺ʦͭǮļҾ֪ҶԼһԨԴҲǺķĻҶζˡ
ˣ
ҶԴ󾪣æһס˹ļң˵ʦ֣ҡٲȥֻҪˣ
Ҳ˵ʦҿˣԶΪԼܶ꣬ҲƴѰԼټһСС󳬼ܰѸ̨Ʒġ
ҶµûԶȷʵļˣԭҿĻͣ죬ҶʼղټүҲѾϵ̨塣
ʱĸУǾ컹С죬һҶƬνȫԶѰҶ죬ֻ˭û뵽Ҷѹû뿪ɽ
ʱҲоҵֻۣǹļЩҪҶ鰸ģͻ֪£Ūˡ
ҲΪҶ뿪ɽ⼸ҲûѰҶΧȴ̨塣
УҪȥ绰
Ҷ˼ת֮䣬еĹؽڣļ٣ԶżҶ쵹ûϣһǻø׹ùİ
Ҷ죬ɱôˣڳȥʵģɣҰСʱȥҸ绰
ļסҶ죬˲֪ѪҶµģļȴΪҶѴӵȡء
⣬ðɣʦ֣鷳ˣ
Ҷһ£ͷӦҲ֪Σһɱ˶ʮˣҶ컹е顣
ȰˣȥȥϵݶһС࣬Ҷǰת˵ۡ
ҶʱҲǶˣ˲죬һһȵĸɸɾղһֱںʦ˵ڲʱ۲ۡ
Ҷǵۺ᷿һԺԺмһˮļ᷿ԺӹΧס֮⣬ȴһҡ
Ҷס᷿ļʱĶһңҲֻüשͷ˸Ű壬ͽ䵱ɴˡ
Ⱦǵ۵湩ŵĲ棬һʦµˣҶ֮ǰܵĻܲµļҵˡ
ʦֹĻǺ࣬ģЩҲǺö
ⲻصתһȦ֮Ҷת᷿һһһ֮ƶû
Ҫ֪Ҷéɽڣǰ˵ƣɽҹƻͨƫƫûУɼʦܵЩͺ¿żˡ
Ҷ죬绰ˣף඼˰պãҴӴҪ˵ף׷ԣ
ļûҶȶãҲǶʮӵӣ͸˻ͳһֻݸҶ죬ЦⶫҲãнһҲû㶮᲻ð
һᣬһã
Ҷûȥӵ绰ǰѹļҹڼͷ׺һȡѴӴһǸϴװһЩɹ˵ܲҶ۾̲סʪ
ʦʦ֣㡭ƽʱͳЩ
ʦѸߣȱһֱֻۣƽʱûź˵ȻÿﶼЩݵ岢µġ
ҶӺ󣬹ļȻʧЦ˵ʦܣ㾳磬ʲôһģɽ亣ζȻԹֲ赭һġ
ļҵǰٻʮǰһ֮ϲԼˡ
ҪǽʦϢϵľ˿ı仯һ˵ΪѾԪ֮ˡ
ʦ֣Ҳ̫ˣ
ҶҡͷȻðһʣ˵ʦ֣ɽ̨ķʥأΡܶôһ
֮ǰҶͿʼֹˣֱ˿̲лʳ
ٺ٣ܿҵģҶĻ󣬹ļҵЦǱʮһռ˵Сӡ
ԭļһֱڷɽģʦŴУͺܿʦ˸ģӮһСĳµۡ
ֻɽĶǷͽûŵ̵ģϹļ飬Ҳ봫Ե۴˼ʮ꣬һֱΪ֪


363 ʦ֣£
ʦ֣ľǴﵽ豹ľˣ
ҶܸоõԼλʦÿһ仰ϣľﵽ˺һĵزҲ쳾ķš
ԭԪǹļľеһ˿˴ʱһȥĵˣҪǷŵŴ½һ
ˣ¿Ų˳֮Ϊݵˣȴֻ֪˿һַ豹ı֡
ˣȴ绰ɣҸղŻƾȥ㰾ϡ
鲻žͻѪ෴˷ӲԼϲУͬСʦܣļҵĸԱ
ãʹʦ˵Ҳ㶼ˡļἰ£Ҷ뵽绰ûأٺһЦæֻͨš
ҿҶһԣƽʱ̫ϲֻۺܶ˶֪ʦҪҵҴСС
ιλ
绰ͨЩ޾ɣҶʧ٣⹫ƢǰδеĽ꣬ⲻ칦ͱ⹫ѵ˺üˡ
Ҷ죡
Ҷո˵Լ֣䲻һæֻԶһЩѾͷԺ󻹼޵ĳȥ𣿡
⻰˵þҪҶһˣʱȻûˣֻȥ
ϵܣ¶ңҾͲӦҶ̨ģ
ҾƵͳ׷ĿԶһɬҿ֪Լ˴ǰλѸﵽˡ
ʦҪ֣ССҶʦǰССѰȷҲ飡
Ҷ£Ϊ˴ĹССҲǼеֻǽɷʬû˻۷ɥһֱ̨巢ѰҶ졣
ǣ
ҿЩİ˰֣Ҷ챾ˣݲҶǻƽ©ڴ˿˿ɲóˡ
ϵĲ豭˿ˮҿȻһ£ԶʵˣƣǸ֮ĵҵûУ
׻˵ûв͸ǽ֮ȻܣųҪϮɱҶķ׷ȥȴǰ֮ǣ˳
ʤѾȥˣۣܰ
Զ֪֮ɱ֮ҲǱŭѣϵ˰֮ûʤԹȥˡ
ãûҶϢҾͻһۣ
ҿ˵ͷ˵ҳȥʰûʲô֣ҿͳТϵ̨ܶҲԴڴ˵ġ
⹫⹫
ҿվݵķžͱˣһƵĴ˳צľͳҿ˹
ʲôûӣ
ҿʱͷأŮģһǣһͰˤɳϡ
Щίֻ˵⹫ǡүĵ绰
ʲô
Ҷĵ绰
ιҶ죿Ҷô˵
ԭŵԶ͹ССͬʱվҿһ˵绰ֻι˼ȴûκεĴ𸴡
Ѿͷƭ⹫ˣҿ۾
˵⹫ֻ÷ˡ
ţҿһ죬æֻյ˶ߡ
ʦ֣ԶôĻ𰡣Ҷ쵹ҿǱߵĻ
Ҷ죬ȥˣô绰һٲ绰ĸ׶Ҫ̨ˣ
Ҷ٩ҿʱһⷿʮ˶ΪҶ쵣ǣСӵûûε˵ŷ
ĸףҶڵ绰һ£˵ʦ֣ûʲôµģ
ȻСͿõĸҶȴڴʱĸףԭԼҲ˵ĸ׻һ˿Թްɣ
ãһ֪ͨҿӦ׷ʵҶ죬ˣҹȥ
ңҶһ㶣ʦ̨֣ˣ
ϻô飬ܲ𣿡
ҿû˵ԼСʦҲǹûûεģͱô©ӣȻһԵĶ
׷ɱҶĿѾ¶ţҶȴʧȥټҲ˵Ҷʮˡ
ҶʮĽԽϹ̾ͨڵġ
ҿԶְ¸ѹȥ̨巽ͲѰҶ죬ɳ׽Ҷˡ
٣ãʦ̫ˣ
ҿû뵽ǣҶ쾹Ȼڵ绰и˵غʱЦõ˵ʦܣǣܴڵصĸ߲㶼ˣ˵Ͳһ𣿡
ȻΪҶʦ֣ҶһҿҲ˵صĻֻܹĨǵôҶ졣
ʦ֣ҵʦˣҾڷɽϵصԼʦֵܺúþһۡ
ҶŲ¾˭أʱг˷ܣԭΪҪ֪ͨʦִ۸أ˭֪ȻѾ̨ˡ
ʦ֣ҶҶ죬˵ģ
ֻҿЩɵ⼸ʮ̨岻ڶʮΣÿζίѰҹļңûκεѶû뵽ȻҶˣ
ʦ֣þƺòʦе㺮ᣬţһ˹
ҶĻֻţҲҿ֪Сʦܲں˵ȷʵҵʧѾõĴʦ֡
ãҡϵ
鼤ҿϵ绰ӦԶ͹ССֱƵĳûҶôЩþƺò˵
ֱ˳ҿû֪ͨҶĸףֲȥ˸绰һͨͺǴޱҪϵ̨ͷ
СʦܣǹˣڵĶظոƺͻǳԲõģҶոչҶϵ绰ļҾ˽ҿǷ
ʦ֣׳ĺܣûµġ
ҶЦŴ˴Լ˵ļѣ˵ʦ̨壬ҾڸܣϾ͸Ϲʦ֣ʦֵܾһˣ
ϵԪһഫ棬ʷ֮ˣ֪֮ԪֵˣҲᳬһơ
Ԫͬʱڣֱλӣ˽һΪʦΪԪûкˣӶԣҲһ
Ҷ͸Ԫѧգϵĸӡ
ϵ֮ʱҪѰʦ֣ҶһֱͷʱԸɣҶеĸ
ʦҲ̨壿ãããļȻûҶǰ˷ܣҲʱĲƽ
ʦţļвԾľתƵҶҿϣԹļ˵Ҷ˾Ψһˡ


364 أϣ
ɽϵۣںܶͽ˵ûʲôӡ󣬵ɽɮȴûһ˲֪۵ġ
ҿɽһ͸˵۵ķλ˾ɽµȺҿżƿ׾ƺʳɽϸȥ
⡭ⲻʦ𣿡
뵽۴к󣬿λڵܣҿڲҪǰۣѰҶʹʦˡ
΢һµۣҿʹҶ죬Ҷ죬ʦ֣
ǡʦܣһЩϵӴҿѭȥ˺Ȼסˡ
֮ҿ鲻ԽѿڶʦʦŶʦ֣
ǰϵʵǺԪ̫ˣò֮ͬ⣬ĺǳһʼһģһէȻȥҿˡ
ʵֹҿҶԹļҵʱҲʱʱִʦֺʦ˵ĵʿ֮ࡣ
ʦܣ᷿ɣСʦҲļ¶ӤЦݣһ֮üλͬʦܣϲԽ
ľΪ˹ļ־磬ѾȥԼϲŭˣȻģÿʱޣЦʱȻЦˡ
һſ᷿ҿͼ򴦲űҶ죬æʵҶ죬ˣ
ԭҿΪҶֻΪӱܴ˴ɱ˵Σڿȴôļ򵥡
Ҷҡҡͷ˵δˣһǹҲҧһڣʦ֣ܷȫ˵ء
ҶĻ󣬹ļЦСʦܣ㸣񣬲Ƕ֮ˣһನۣҲоյģ
ȻҶͬΪˣļҺεΪȻҶܴҶпһЩߵġ
Ҷ쵱ҲݳϵĴʱգֻʱǳܵķҪһЩˡ
ҿݼʦ֣
ùļҺ˼֮ҿ·ߵļҵǰһҾȥ
ݱ֣Ԫȥ֮󣬹ļȻǵһߵˣֻҪҶ첻ʹȨԹļΪ
ļǰһõ۽ҿЦʦ̨СֻΪǰ֪ͬһţȴʮꡭ
ʦǰҿԣҿļ˵ͨ죬⵹ǫ飬ʵʵڵĸе
ȲҶǽֶˣǰѽ֮İѮʦ֣ɲ⣬һһȫԼȥˡ
ҿʦ˵ʦ츳ڹϵ˿ɼҶŶݼоǵõ洫һλӡ
ҿѾ밵ľ磬ֻһܿ뵽֮УԭΪưģǰҶ죬йļңȴ̬˲Сı仯
ʼǴȭţһʱǾˡ
ҿ̬һɣ˾Ȼÿ벻׵ڴ˿̶ȻϲԾ¶һ˿ĵ΢Ц
ʦ֡ʦܵԺܸ߰
Ҷ͹ļҶһۣͬʱЦ˭ûгȥҿڵҶԣǿ顣
Ҷ죬ʦ֣ʧˣ˰СʱҿηѣȻת˹
ϲʦܰиʱ䣬Ҳܽ뵽ľˡ
ȫʦֵ㻯ҿҲһϲɫŹļǳҾء
ҿԭΪⱲӶ޷뵽ľأû뵽һζȴżֻҪǱް꣬һͻеľ硣
ļҷЦһֵܣܽ뵽߾磬ʦ㵱԰ˣ
Ȼ顢ϵȾ磬ЩǴ˵ٹδ˴ɹҲֻȲɹ
Ҷ˵ľ͸¶Ž֮УŶģΪʽ΢˼ϼһ֮⣬밵Ѿˡ
յһףļҽҿЦ˵ʦֿǺĽƲʲôĶҪԱ
ļҵĻҿæ˵ʦﻰı£Цܱ࣬ЩմȾˣ
ҿʦǱͣҪ
ŵĶŵϺҿסļң˵ʦ֣
ļҰ˰֣ЦʦֵܾͱЩӲСʦܾϰɡ
ţʦ֣㡭ֱۣ
ֱʱҿŷ˹ļǿյۣɫ䣬ʦֱ֣ǺΪ
ҶʱķӦһҿҲ¶˼𾪵ɫϵΪˣʲôܽ˳
ʦ֣˵ɡ
ҶҿȻ᷿룬ҿİ׾ƴ򿪣ĵ룬˵ܵüʦ֣һʦŴңСﾴλʦһ룡
Ҷ֮ǰʹļͬ⣬ֻϵ϶ԣҶƣʦ־Ȼͻ˵ˡ
СʦܣʦҲֶ
ļһ˰ʮ꣬ҶСֶȻһҡҡͷЦܼλʦܣϵⱲˣֱ۵飬˵ɣ
ȸƣ
ʿͲȣ𿴹ļİСҶҿһھͽİƺȵ˶
Ƕ֪ľ潯̨壬ǲ֪ʱعһڵء
ſ룬ļ뵽µĻ֮У˵һҶҿ𾪲ѵľء
ԭҿڵʱĽУһΪĽɫרŴһЩ޷˵顣
һ½ѾȫŵʱҿӵһҪڵ̨ѺһӴĻƽ
ƽ𲢷йУձӶǸӶģʱձɽƽ˻ձֻܾ͵߾
Ϣֱϱܴ½ʱŵ֪ǻὯҲѾ˲ʻƽˣֱ̨尲˽ƽͷ
ʱҿϣŶʮˣѴƵй
ʱϾڻûȫţ´󽫺ûн봺ǣʽȽϻҡ
ʼʱļеķǳ˳ʱ䣬ͽƽȫ͵龳ڣ׼ϼ̨塣
ڽ֮󣬹ļͷȻһ˿ף°ѻƽҴ׼˻صйڡ
ƽȻˣļҵڷر߾ʱȴ⵽һ˵ķȫսļҲһ۵Ĵ۲ӳ졣


365 أУ
ļҵЩȻش½ֵܴ붼ѵģ鼫ȴһȫû
ǼƴļԼҲӳȻѾȥͣùļҵľЩ
ʦ֣˭ɵģšɳ𣿡
Ҷҿɫһʦź̩ʦšɳżĶԹѵšɳ֣
šɳô뵽ģ
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ļڶʮʱ͸ԪѧˣԪһЩǳ˽⣬Ԫšɳʱ򣬹ļڵ
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ȻǶýͷ˲٣ĻšɳԼոɱĵӾ׷ɱԺѲ˹ϵġ
ֻҶȴ֪ɱǸ޷һšɳͽܣ̩ͷʦһѾǲݵľˡ
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ļҵ˵ͷüͷ΢΢Ҫʵ죬ǲҪšɳһа˷ʤġ
ڹļҵĻҶҿǵͷϿɣ޷˵˲ǺѶԸǸ˷ǹļһȴҶҿЩ޲ߵĸо
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ԼҧЩϵ쳵ִģʹļϲ˵Ҳǲŵġ
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ȻҶһ˵ļһ˿ǣͷ̾ʦѧˣվ
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Ҷ¹ļѯϵľæˣʦ֣굽ʲô˵˵Һʦ
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ҶĻҿҲͷҲ˵ļҶϱ֮ޣ£һ׮ˡ
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ôĿļҵʱȻưոˣӻ̨һЩصĹϵ¸ˮʯ
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ļҵۣǱձһеһ˸նϵģҲûֵúôؿڰ˹ļһƲ˵ԼõҲļ˹ȥ
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깶ļҵؽߺҿϵĵֻ鿪һ룬ʱͺ棬һɱ֮磬ҿĺΪ֮һ
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ҿֺ̲ס٣˳Ȼ

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ֻǴԩڶ࣬´ҿ游ƽ念֯սʱ򣬱ԼļҳǧӴһҼ󸹡
´ҿĸƽұõն˴ȣõҲǴ´ҿĵſ֯ųĺҹиɱõǴ
ԣ´ҿԴʹޣ֮Ϊֹʹãֵ߶ΪĻ̣ɴˡҲ˳ȥ
ȴձΪͿʵսĵձʮ֮С
⼸ձ⡰ȴ䲻֪Ҷҿû뵽Ȼ˴˵
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ҶҿӣļҴЦȻû֮ģЩƣڱѰҴ˵Ҳĺܡ
ļȻԶ볾ɽϵϺȴϢͨٹļҾ֪ʮû϶Ĳ̽
Ҷҿнӹ˴¶ɫ˵һȻ۵һλʦ֣ҪҪɱձȥǵĳӣ
ɱձȥСʦܣ㿴ǻ𣿡
Ҷ仰ļҺҿϾһĿЦãһˣʹٴҲɲҳӵˡ


366 أ£
ļҵĻҶεЦЦ˵ȻʦǳˣлСһʦֻ
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ϸ˵ļȻʧһֱֻۣԿ󣬶ѡҲñһձ󽵣ȻѾΪˡ
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ҿȻһ£ʵˣʦ֣Ǹ潯ģΪΡΪλ䵽أ
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ļӣ֮δϵϽĲҲùˣʻƽ䣬ճһ׮հ
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ļϴϷʵЦݣ۾ȴضסҶ죬Ȼļʦܵԣ֪֪治֪ģҶǸ̰СˣʦܲҪҲա
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ʦ֣Сʦΰ﹬ССѰɷʬعССĳҪǧϣԲǱʻƽġ
ҿҶദʱվһЩ֪Ҷ첻̰֮ˣҲ԰Ҷ
Ҷ۾һ֮󣬷Ҷ񴿽̹ļһ˵ͷ˵Ǳʻƽһжʮ֣ȫ˽שǵʱʮƥѺ˵ģֵΰɣ
ҿƽ鱦ҵģԻƽļ۸ԶҶ˽Ķ࣬Ĭһ̲֮ס˵ʮ֣ԹԣǲǼֵüʮڰ
ȷһʥ˱ħ֣ʹҿҶ죬ҲǳԾŴ죬˺һŻع
ղűļһɣҶ첻ڽǮʱ򣬵¾룬˵ˣ˵ˣ˵Щƽѱ˷أСܾλʦһ롣
һ¶ǺҶ쿪˵ʦ֣ǣңҲûмˣҪξ͸һش½ɣҲȥʦ
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ȥʦסʱ˵ɡ
ʦִļҲȻʧЦܲ˵һƬ֮ģжʱеůġ


367 ɽ
һ죬ʦֵ˶ȵ˭ûùȥ⣬һپͼ˹ļС᷿г˯ȥˡ
ڶ컹ûʱĴͿʼҶ칶ļҺҿͬʱſ۾һЦ֮ͬůļ䡣
ѪԵϵǲ࣬һеԨԴȴʹǱֵܻҪס
ɽ徻ϵҪմȾ쳾
ļ֮Ժչ壬סʮĵطȴЩᡣ
ʦ֣˵һ𣿡
ҶЦȻǹ߶ʵ⼸Ļָ廹Щ֮⣬Ѿˡ
ʦ֣ﻹûҪߵĶһͷ˹ʰһ°ɣҿҲ˳Ÿ绰һĿЦ
ҹﵽڣҿֻϾȻ˼ʮδ磬ҶҪٲȥĻԶҲҵɽˡ
ļҵǺѣʼͷһ˿Ҳܿɢˣһһۣ˵ҲûʲôֵǮĶˡ
ҿ˵ͷ˵߰ɣҽ˳ӹˡ
Ҷʧǣʵ̫󣬶֮ǰӶҲһЩ粨ҿ뾡췵ۣʱʹʲôҶ첻ҲǰĿŵĳǹ׷ɱˡ
ļҳһ£дʵġҶ죬˵ǵɽµһᣬҪȥܿиס˱˼ʮĵطҲҪˡ
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Ѵձʱھסɣ͵ĵһΪʿҲ֮Ϊձеλߡ
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ҿĽͺҶ˵ͷҪǻǰ˵ͻ԰£һ˸ʦֱѩޡ
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Ҷҿ˵Żһ񳵼۵ɽŴԶ͹ССһǰһӳ


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Զ³ͿҶŰɫıæϼסҶ֣˵Ҷ죬ҶԲס㡣
ССҪΪѰȷźҲҶʦܵ˺ġССһмؿҶ죬ȴǰԼϡ
⼸ѰҶ֮⣬ССҲûš
Ǿʬ͸ëѪҺDNAȶԣ֤ʬǵǸɣ˳ڿĻˡ
ռݣܺһϿҵѾµʬǣڹССԣֱһ㡣
ҶڴʱССһĴڣָмҲǷĵġ
ˣŮʿƣ¶ǹϵ治󡣡
ǰ˶ԸѹӣҶ첻ЦҶĳ²˳ңǵˡ
ҶԭȵӲûôߵһֱϵΪƵĽ̻Ϊ˴ֻ֮ҶĺܶΪƽԸ񣬱Щྶͥ
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ڵᣬ˵Ȼѱ޶ȵӵа۵ԶվҶǰоȴֻԼСûκƿԡ
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ڹļҲûҶõȣڳ˴ŰСʱɫĵĺкȻɽ
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Զ̨֪ܿӰģҶɱð˴ʦæں׷ȥѾѮˣȽȴĺܡ
ֻǻûԶߵǰҶѾܿʦߵǸϵ˵ЦܿʦҲһЦݿŶˣһĻԶĿɿڴ
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ܿʦδʦˣԶѹסеĺ棬̨׺ܿʦк
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𷨣ٲЩۺľʿĵģܿʦеĻ˸ʶоͰԶ͹ССˡ
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лܿʦЩʦֵչˣ
ܿĻҶתԴ˸Ҿļʮڴ˰Ǳ޵ȷǰ͡
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ܿ͹ļƽ۽ģҶǰҲûаʲôʦļӣ˵㣬һ崺ĸо
ʦԣҶ˵ͷһ̵ܽģ
Ҷʩţ͵Ǵƽĵһˡ
ܿǽҶ佱һͻȻһת˵ʩɱأҪ֪ľ飬ο֮أϣҶʩպЩɱ¾ƾ٣
ǰЩʱշڷɽϵ飬ȻܿĶĿҶȻȻӲ𷨾տܿӦ
УʦҪ̻壿
Ҷδ˵ļǲˣһĴͳԪҶٵļңһˡ
ʦ֣޷
ҶЦŶԹļҰ˰֣˫۴Ļ̹Ŀܿ˵ʦлգΪƣҶĳɱǸɱ֮ˣʹպ׹ǵҶĳǾڣ
ԳҶȻմȾ˲ѪǰĹ߻޷ɱְˣһѪծ֮ˣҶȷûɱһˡ
Уû˵˰ɣҶʦһĵܵ㻯˵ģ
ҶʵܿƿԣļҶʱЦʮ꾭ܿ磬ʱܿ˸ϵȻĻ泩
ǺͻˣҶʩĪ֣
ļҵҶݣ֪ܿԼ˵˲˵ĻҶΪݷͬСɣѾԼܹԽ̻ˡ
ʦˣҶĳ²⣬ҶǰһĻԼ


369 ͣϣ
ҶܿʦĶԻԶ͹ССֱ۾ҶһȻ˵ܿʦڵǸȥĻ϶һ䶯ġ
Уúñ壬֮ǻ棬ʱٺһ
ļǸѵˣԭͲܿɽģֻܿһټ֣еĳ档
ܿ˫ƺʲŹļ΢΢ȥ˵ãԪ֣ڴһص
ཻʮѽ뿪ȴʮֲᣬ֪ļ׼Ȼ˵֮Լǿ϶м֮ڡ
ؿһ۵Ļɽڵķʥأļҵһӣתͳɽţг죬ԳԶɽܸ֮
ءҥϵѵӰҶͷһ𣬷·ʦʱΣ뵱ʱ
ҡҡͷȥͷ˼Ҷ쵥ܿʦ˸Ҿתȼʦõ˾ϡ
ȵҶ뿪󣬾ɽʮһСϢĸȥܵޱίбҶˡ
仯ĺܴ󰡡
ŴľɫļҵҲЩ⼸ʮδ·ɽһ̸ܿһЩ֮⣬ڵһ֪
Ƶ󣬹ļҵ̬Ҳͻָٻ䣬ȴʮ꣬Ϳ͸ˡ
Ԫˣ֪ʳʲôҪ󣿡
ƵѾ磬ڳϵʱԶҲ֪˹ļҵݣ׼ϯʱ˹ļҵ
ļİ˰֣ЦɽҰ֮ˣʲôһģ嵭һЩͺá
ãͽ׼Զ˵ͷԹϯƲ˵ģϿҲֻǰʦֵˡ
һٲʢȴ쳣µͺԶҶǼͳ׷ϢһСʱͿԸɻˡ
Ҷ죬֮ѾʤѺۣ׼δ
ԶҶ˴γŭѣ˲ʮǰϹϵͽӵ˻ʤĵ绰֪֮Ѿˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵Һ˲ûʲôԹֻʱͽѣɱĻԹޣûʤսȥɡ
Ӵ½һˣҶ˵ǴȷѪдģȻܵ˲ǺأҲʲô֢ҶȴǸоЩƣˡ
ã֮ҲǰˣͰ°İȥãһͷ߻ʤ
Զ˵ͷҲҶ֣Ϊͷʬǿƶǵĳ棬ʵЩܲˡ
ˣƣʦңѾʮûгˣ֤ɣţܰĵʿݡ
ã֪Ԫ˱ʲôأԶӦС¶˵ֻǾ֮Ͱˡ
ҶԿɳŵӵĹļңʵʦ֣иʲôֺأ
Ȼ֪׮ƽ˶ѾĲˣļӦ֣ȴǲʺϳġ
ԪҲǸʡ͵ĵơû˵ôģҶĻԶҲڸаԲ²⡣
Σ鷳ϵˣ
ļſھͶ׫˸֣۾ʼû뿪ӻĻƬè󡷡
ҶЦһ˵ʦͯδƣ¾Ͱˡ
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Զ˰֣ð˸ŹļƬȻ󽻴˰䣬۵ĳϵȥˡ
߸ոճţССʹ˽ɳߣһǸؿҶ죬˵ҶʦССӦһ۵ģȷ̨Ҫķ²飬ʵǶԲ𡣡
֮ǰΪѰҶ죬ССȻ˷ʦӣһֱûʼз£Ҷްɷȴǲȥˡ
ûµģŮʿڰ
ҶŮҲʮֵľأԴɷȥһⳡСŮˣȻһҵ۹չϣͨ˿õġ
ҶĻ󣬹ССŵһļݸҶ죬˵ҶʦССһ⣬ǩ֡
ʲôҶһ£ļһȫЩӢļʮš
ССһļ˵ҶʦǰЩǳˮһӣһֱûȥסۻûŵĵطⶰת¡
⡭ǷĹļҶЩˣ˵ʬѾѰȴǹСС֧Լˡ
ԭҶΪССῪһ֧Ʊģû뵽ȴͷӣ
ΪѰҸ˵ʬǣҶȷʵ˲ԾҲܵ׷ӣҲûףļ˹ʵŮʿⷿǶƽİ
ٶʮƽһ㣬ϻ԰ӾزǧƽװɣӦùҶʦסˡ
ССһ߽ͣһ߳һֽ˵ǷӵƽͼҶʦȿҪǲĻСС̫ƽɽһ׷ӵġ
ǧƽף
Ҷ챻ָŵˣס˼죬۵ĴҲ˽⣬ǧƽ׵ķӣҪǮ
ССҪת÷ӸҶ죬ԶڵСС׷ȥܲ׻ҪһЩССʱֵһǧ۱ˡ
֣Ҷɴ˵ˣûǮˣǮ־ںլģ⻹ǵһεü
Ҫ֪λϲ׷ŮǵϰͳȥıҲֵǧҵġ
ôҶʦСˣ
Ҷþû˵ССüͷ˵Һȷɽ׷ӵǸһЩֻǲȨЩ⣬Ǻܷ㡣
ǣŮʿˣǷ̫С̫ˣҶĳ֮
Ҷ֣ԭһȡǧͲˣûȥЩŮˣ־Ȼ˴󷽡
ССҡҡͷ˵Ҷʦȫһȡȷ䣬ССԸģⶰζҪµġ
ԶҲһ԰ĵҶ죬ССھزȻģɡ
ССɷ󣬽˹˾սϵĵҪز磬ѾΪ۵Ĵز˾
ССҸǸߴڸ۱ңͳôһ׷ӣԶʵڲʲôġ
ǺðɣҶĳȴ֮ˡ
һ֮ҶٴνӹǷļͬǱ̨ͬ껵ѰĸĹʱ򣬲ŵõǮ
ҶͬССһļ˵ҶʦﻹһݹȨת飬ϼŵĹɷתðٷ֮һ
ʲôССҪѻïŰٷ֮һĹɷתҶ죿
ԭֻһñ߹ĵԶСС̲ⷬסվϲε¶˲ı顣


370 ͣ£
ïۿλǰĵĴۺԼţ˷ز֮⣬ҵ漰ڡҵʳ
ȥزŵĹ㣬ïֵԼа˰ڸ۱ңΪïŵĴɶƶߣССԼռ˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݡ
ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣҲʹٶڵĲƸ仰˵ССͳǰٷ֮һвˮĻǾڸ۱ҡ
һïŷչͷãʲÿ궼ǵƣٷ֮һǰڣͻʮҲ˵׼
ԶЩ۳ǣ֮䶼ŹȨϰߣԶһЩïĹɷݣȴǱССܾˡ
ԭǹССûռݾƿع˾ĹɷݣΪ±˶չҽϵĹɷϡ͵һ㣬ԶҲġ
ҲΪˣССȻó˼Űٷ֮һĹɷлҶ죬ԶҲסоЩ𾪣ֱִġ
ԣҾҪóٷ֮һĹɷ͸ҶʦССظһԼղŵĻʮֵļᶨ
ССҲʮˣϹѾȥһƹ԰ڼƵĲƸǮֻǸ֡
ҵϹʬ󣬹СС̬ҲһЩ仯ԭѼǿͷѾôǿˣԲҶɷݵ뷨
ȵȣŮʿⷿҿҪǹɷʲôðҲþӪǲȤҿɷݾ˰ɡ
ҶЩ㲻ԶΪǷԾӣҲû˵ïŵͷҶ쿴ٷ֮һĹɷݲܶࡣ
ȡ˹ɷݾҪӦҶᷳľ̳ЩĶǵ飬ֱӳԾܾˡ
ֻҶ첢֪Ĵ˾˵ٷ֮һĹɷˣӵаٷ֮㼸ĹɷݣһӶԻƵسԺȲˡ
ʲڵĸʵûʲôͶ̥ãۺ񣬳ӵмҵɷݡ
ȻЩɷݿֻаٷ֮㼸Ѿһʳ޷ˣЩ̵ĺǼʹһµµΪҲζ
ˣ
ҶĻԶɫЩŹ֣Ҷ˴Ĵָ˵Ҷ죬ҲˡֵڶĹɷ㾹ȻҪ˵ӹƣϾܸ־ڵֽ𡭡
ڶࣿ
ҶںŲ裬䲻Զ仰һƿѾ΢Ľ׶ΣȻ𾪣϶ŵĲ豭ȴû˿ҡΡ
ԭڿšè󡷵Ĺļңŵֵʱ۾ҶǱƳһۣҶ糣ļ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ţҶ죬˵ûïŰٷ֮һĹɷݣӦֵôġ
һԵҿ֪ʦܶЩȨ֮ȱ˽⣬ڽ͵Ҷ죬ӵйɷݣֻǹ˾Ĺɶϯɶ飬Ҳͽ飬Թ˾ľ徭Ӫչȴܹʣ˾ÿݵӯ״Թɶǽзֺ죬һ꼸ǧӦٲ˰ɣ
ҿĽͣҶ쳦ӶˣԼﲻѧڷ֪ʶȻôһǮӲظ˳ȥ
ѳڣҶҲûջĵ˵ˣȻõôӴһʲƸҶ첻֪Ǹǻһ¿˵Ůʿ޹»׷ˣɷݾ˰ɡ
ССҶ̬ȼҲûȰ˵ǡðɣҶʦⷿתǩ֣˹֤ˡ
ҶûнܹɷݣŵӵĹļͻȻ˵Сʦܣˮ磬֪ȡˣʦǿˣ
ļʱһȨǮǿҵˣҲʮ͹ٰٽϽ̨ˡ
ֻǺʲùļʶУӢ۸£վǻһ
ллʦֽ̻塣
ҶϹشһ䣬ȴڵѪڰôǸˣϻҵһɵİܼ𣿡
ٺ٣СʦܣҲºڣһȱǮ
ļƺҶ뷨ЦպҪȤ͵ǱתתɣЩ֮ˣȡ֮Ҳʼɵġ
ļ˵ĺԶ͹ССȫĻҶҿȴ۾һʦ˵ĿǶʮֻƽ𰡣ֵҪԶڸ۱ˡ
֮ǰҿҶܻ䣬ûἰƽ顣
ڹļԼ˵˳ȻѾʦܿԼˣҶҿȵõǱʻƽҪе˵ġ
˿Զ˵뿪̨ʱˣҶվ˵ˣŮʿҪæ£Ͳˣ´лټɡ
ǹССҶһ˾ֱԶ˽˷ɻϡ
ȻļûݣС¶Զټ򵥲ˣûȥֱӿͣƺϵĳӣϻаڸ͵ɵ
һСʱ󣬷ɻִۻͬһʿʻһ˽˳ȥֱ͵ԶǶլڡ
ҶʦֵùͺԶ͸뿪ˣҲҿϻԼңټıֻʣʦֵˡ
ˮ̻ᣬԲϸ󷨣ұ°빦ġļҾͨ󷨣תһȦ֮󣬾͵ó˺ҶͬĽۡ
󣿺ٺ٣ʦ֣ͷͶʦȥլӣһ׼뿪ġļҵĻҶٺЦǵ顣
լôˣҲ𣿡
ļҺҿͬʱҶ쿴ȥҶȴ˹ӣֻʦֶǳ˾һЦȥˣǰҶ˺һ
ˣҶ죬޵֮ˣ¡ơȱһɣҪһպ˵ҲҪܿҴġ
ʦֵ˻֮󣬹ļҺȻѻ⳶Ǳʻƽ棬ҿǶʮֻƽпվ͸ɣһĵЩƽ֧䡣
ʦ֣㲻֪ڵǱ߶ڽ̹ĺϸ񣬻ûϷ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵Ҫ˵ǱʻƽǸʦ֣һЩӼ뵽ࡣ
𣬴ʦ˵㣬ţҿǮƹܡ
ҿһھͰѻˣѾʮˣҲڵңƽȷʵûκε뷨
Ҷ첻ټ⣬ҡͷ¶Ժ˵ɣʮˣ˭֪Щƽڲˡ
ǿ϶ڵģʦҲصĶûҵ
ҶĻ󣬹ļЦʱδؾûнƽΪе˼ƽڣνҲġ
ϵʱĶʮ˶ֻйļһ֪ƽľλˡ
ãˣȥš
ʦֵĵȻʱ򣬿ȻҶվȥ


371 
ϰ壬֣λǣ
򿪴ţҶ췢վǻʤ۶ˣԶĵطͣһ񳵣Ҷ͸ܿδڳ
Ҷҹ̲ܽϣ鷳ˡ
Ҷûаãʤ΢΢Щε˵֮ǸѾˣƾҶã
֮ǰҶӶ׷ɱԶŭ磬׾Ȼǻʤµһݣûϰʱо޹⣬ǰǰһͷ
Ժ˽֮ס֮󣬻ʤϾǰޣۣ֮͵Ҷ쵽ء
Ҷ۾Ƴһۣ˵ϰ壬ҿˣ֮ʲôأŴˣ¶Ͳ˰ɣ
ҶִЩĺѪծ֮ˣҶû⣬֮ͨһ²ȥɱ֣ʤ׵
ˣ
Ҷ˻һʤ۾ʱðСˣ˵Ϲģ˵̹Ȼˣλǵһεü
Ҷ̨ҹɱʮλǶӶ顣ͨ˳ʤЩӶ״ҵƬˣʱĵ춼ûô·
һҰĵˣھȻһ˵ԼǺˣʤĵ׸̾ĲŽ棬Ҷ죬ԸǺء
ϰ壬֣ˣͲдλˡ
Ū׻ʤҶǰμʶνľƻŶһøҲǵȻ޴ˡ
ãǾͲҶϢˡ
ʤҲǼɫ֮ˣ´Ӷͳһп˵ҹ˾˷ȣҶܾˣǻĳһС⣬ϣҶ
ðɣҶĳˣλߡ
Ҷ룬п˹˴֮У׬׷֮⣬ֽȴһֶûУʤǮҲɾհײա
ȻҶԸ⽫ССķȥĻһҹܳΪ̵ģΪһڶĺլѾǵˡ
ʦ֣ҪȥصҶ쿴ļҿߣһ¡
ҿЦʦҪǰµȥȡ
Ҷ죬ô֮ǰû˵ļ޲ֵ˵γΪ̣֮٣ȻǹļҲûм
ʦ֣Һöء
ҶٺһЦҿ˵ʦ֣˳ëͷɣС첻ң˵Ҫˡ
ҶоԼȥ̨壬ʧûëͷǸҹԼҲǰ࣬ëͷһ˹ƾܽӶŽˡ
ãȥٻأüﻹмƿʮĺþƣ
ҿͷӦصٶȵȷ죬һСʱʱ䣬һɫӰӾʹܽ˱
˵ץͷһζǳ˶㰡
ëͷַŭķʽǰҶͷһʹܵҶͷϣֻСצӰҶͷһ㡣
ߴߴߴߴ
ëͷȻͣס֣Ҷһ£̶ëը𣬼ȴʵҶ˿ڴѪȡ
СʦܣСһﵹǺͨ鰡
ëͷΪҶƶУļҵ۾˵ʦڶüɽһͷԳ˲ܿ˵֮⣬һ޶ҿֻǰԳˡ
ˣУûµġ
Ҷ찲һëͷתۿļңʵʦ֣ʶ㣬£䵽зĴڣ
ҶõĴһЩԶļأ˵ǿԳΪͣȸΪ飬Բ֮¡
ҶһֱصǴ˵ģëͷĳﲻȷΪСһıֺʹ˵еЩǼûʲôˡ
ҶĻ󣬹ļһ£˵飬ȻǴڵģԪʧЩͨȴûôˡ
Ҷëͷ϶ֻסǵطҳԵһɶˡ
ļһδ䣬ҿëͷҪһЩսž͸״ˡ
ߴߴëͷ˫ס۾һģʱü˹Ц
ǰµļҲ̾ѣֱҶ츣Ե
Ҫ֪깶ļҸԪ߽ʱǽʢʱڣҶû㹥
ڹļҪȴ֤ܻ֮ش½ԻҪٴʱ䡣
ڹССҶĺլҪһµʱ䣬ҶȻȲôãίԶȥˡ
ļ죬Ҷ콫һЩдʦȥԼð۽˷
һ˳ʱɲ̣ΪƽϢ˺ŮѵķŭҶҲǻѪˣѻʤпˢһֲʣ
˸ϰֺøб磬ÿ˶һ鼸ʮֱ֮⣬ҶҲܼ̫̫ܴܲȥƵʱװ˲
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һҶصլ֮󣬷Զʦ˵ڹļҵǰһ۵֤һݵʿĶ뺡
ˣҶ죬ʲôʱߣרǻؾǰɡҶ߽ԶԽվ·Ҷ쵹լӵһ㡣
ҲԶ˭ۼҶɱЩˣҶʱ޷ԴҶദġ
ߣһ¾ˣʦֿʮδˡҶ쿴һ۹ļңȻʦɫ糣Ҷ컹ܴпһ˿ġ
ãһȥͰšԶ˵ͷȻһ£˵Ҷ죬м»ϣӦʡ
ʲô£˵
Ҷ죬˶ʮˣ㿴ǲǰϵ
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УðθȥĺԺסϼɡ
ҶǴ£µͷӦʱԼæǰܺģɷҲҶ뵽顣
Ҷ˻شԶҲ¶Ľɫ²ͷһ׼Ը⻨ÿһȥҶǲסġ
ˣ¸˵¡ԶȻ˻ʤУӰóһݱֽݸҶ졣
۱ֽ۴ôһ⣺˵֮ٷʮ˵
һ£ۺڵԽϰͻͨ۽͵ҵԽȫ˳ȥһеԽڷ
ҶҡͷЦЦ׻ʤ˼֮֮ϢԼ
Խ˱ϳۣҲǸԼ̨ϮһʤĴҶΪ⡣


372 ؼ
С磬С
ҶոտլĺԺĴţӭӪˣԭݵСѾͷˡ
ѽëͷô˰
Ҷͷëͷһѽ䱧˻СֹһСŰˣëͷͷҸţɳԣ
˵ʲôأȥᶫȥҸ˲·ˮ
ҶЦõԴ˻ؼҵܰתļЦҵСãλʦ֣
ѹļҺҿýĺԺҶס˵㶨㣬ȥæ
βǰˣҲҿǣΪҪԪʦΪһĵӣȻȱϯġ
£ǲú𱲷֣ܰǸ˶Ҫָߵġ
Ҷ죬վſ˵ʲôأѿý˵䣬Ҷ÷Ҳ˳ҶҲһϲɫ
СãХĸأ־Ҷ÷ڼңҶ첻оЩ֡
Ҷ÷Цǰ˾۽ĤܼӸոնҪܳԺȥҽԺչˡ
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ҶԵ˵ͷԴĸסԺӺ󣬺ùദ׽Ƶģƽʱ˵ˣԺƽһ
ˣСãʦ֣ȿȣǻƽ׽ɡ
ҶѹļҺҿܸСãЦҲȥˣǾԺǻЩ۲ҶʦֿЩûȹ˰ɣ
ʱѽǵҲˬҲûݣԺ
ҶʦȵĴ۶ǹļҸѰģشʦҲһڣ½Ĵ۲˳
ҼھҲլӣһת۾ʮȥˣû뵽ϵĺԺﰡ
ǰϤĳļҲЩпԴ̤ϾⷽأǰĻһֱͷš
Ҷ죬˵լӾ
ҿȴܴһһɻؿҶ죬ûʲô󰡣˵Ǿʲôط
ҿĻ󣬹ļҲ̧ͷΪҪҿǿöˣһĿԺӵĶϷ
ˣȻǿʹ֮ԹʦܣǴֱʰһ֮£ļ϶ʱ¶˾٣֮վ޲Ͼȥ̽һ
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ҶЦס˹ļңҿ˵ʦ֣ס£֤ܽ뵽ľ磡
ŶдЧҶʦܣ˵棿
Ҷ⻰ҿҲǱɫȻѾǵż벽У»Ҫʱ䡣
Ҷ˵ĺԺʱ䣬ҿҲڴ
Ҫ֪Ľ׶ΣʹĴӣĲ˵꿪ǾûģͬԪﵽһʮꡣ
ĳЩлоԣӦڰ˾ʮϵģֻкܶضԼ˵
еѹ̾ơȾȵȣݼ˵
ҶһڼķȴԽڵųӶʹӣҲһŴȴܳٵҪԭˡ
ȻˣͷҴȥ֪ˡҶЦЦĺԺʵʣͻȴʺϲˡ
ʦˣ
ʦ˵ŻХһϲɫĴ˽˫ָŸӣǱᶫץ׳
ҶߣХɵʵʦλǣ
Сӣ뿪һ¹˰
ҶХϳһۣ¶ɫХ츳ҲǺʺŽģϧСĹͬȴ޷뵽һ֮С
ʦǰͻƵġХ첻˼ͷĿȴһֱڹļҺҿϡ
ӽ뵽֮Хĸ֪Ҳܸ࣬оõǰݵͷѪ֮ʢǱҶ춼˶٣֮Լǲ֪Ҫǿٱˡ
øս밵ХһЩܸУΪҲǰѺˣûͷԼȲ
Ҷ쿴Х˼ЦХ죬ʦʦɡ
ݼλʦ
ҶĻХ۾һæǰļҺҿֱһǵȻûˣʦųҪǻԼǿЦˡ
ǺӣòǱŹϧˡ
ļһϧҡҡͷ˵Ҷʦ˵飬һҲ֪걻֧˴УʮǰʱҵʶӵܣӦһʱȥǱѰһµġ
ļŽʱ򣬵ھǹٷŽĴԸŸɵԪҪϤ
ǰҶ˵ӵʱ֪Х쿴ХʲͰѵԼ˽⵽һЩ˵˳
ʮǰХͷȻû˵ȴһ˿ŵɫ
ļѰѮǱޣͺʮ޼ſھʮǰ飬Ȼôŷġ
СӣʦĻ㻹Űʦʱүүûء
ҶЦХ죬˵ˣȥæɣҴ˼ʱҲһ顣
ХȥҶƽͣ˳ӽĺԺҶһܡ
ҶƽԪҲཻ˶ʮ꣬һЩҶ컹Ҫ˵ϵһЩ飬ùļҺҿ겻ѡ
ϵʱҲ˹Ҷ쵽û˴ȻһԹ˵˵ᶼˡ
ֻҶƤȴԽԽˣסһףóѲϵüΪЦ
ԭ¹ҹģԹŻǷѧУ
ٽҵѧУкܶҪԼҶУ԰һЩ˽˵ƷؼңϾѾˣҲûôɻ䡣
ХҪȥҽԺĸףҶʦֻͰԼǸլӣһţļҺҿŨסˡ
Ϊã֮컯ʦܣһʦҲ㰡ļǱʮ꣬ЧľҲΨķڷˡ
ʦ֣ͱ˵ˣҸоǰ뱲Ӷ׻ˡ
ҿҲǿЦѣ۵ľҲ󷨣ĺԺһʣֱԶ
ʦ֣֮°ɡ
ҶһЦͰ˵ÿֻס죬һµĹˡ


373 
ǣСү⡭ⲻɾɣ뵽ĺԺͱЩ͵İҶĻŷӦ˹
˿վԺǺ͸о˲ͬһ󣬺ˬ࣬Ӹǰδе
֪Զ֮ǰסʱÿҪ֧һġ
ֻǻûбҶԵʱоЩֵھһһסҲĸԸˡ
ʲôɾǿһЩˣ鲻Ҫȥ
Ҷ֪Ҳгϰߣһÿһסһ죬̫磬ԺҲҪҵĻ
ھÿ˶ģйȻᵼ¶ռӿ죬ҿ͹ļ˵ıء
ڰԣδǿȣ޷ģֻƻڵƽ⣬ɷȥͬʱҲ𼰵壬ҶרŽ䡣
ǣСү֪ˡ
ȻҶ컰е˼ѶҶ쾴ɣҶĻִǲҴ˿ۿۡ
үأ
Ͱ͵ؿҶ죬ԺˣûһģӦԺһЩʱġ
㻹û뵽ʱ䳤ͬûô
Ҷһ£˵йͰһǸһסһɣ򲻴Ҫһ㡣
Ȼʵû󣬵Ҷ˵һϣһԵĹļҺҿͷʦŵӵ۹ѡ
ǣү֪ˡ⹫û˵֪ҶΪãµͷӦ
Ҷ쿴±ѾϾŵˣ˵ˣסǰԺλʦֺͶסԺеıϴƷ»ģȱʲôҾС
ҶĻ󣬰æ˵Сүȱʲôȥð죬С²鷳
Ҫ˵иĵ˾ǲһ·Ҷ춼ԶҪˡ
СʦܣԺӵһһ٣ҿסǱ˯
ļҹһЦֱһ᷿Ȼָͻľ磬ֱ۱նϣܱ߾Ҳᣬý˻һ¡
˰֮ҶصԺԼķ䣬ХÿնĺԺɨһȻ뿪һˣеǷǳĸɾ
ԡҳϴһҶ鷿ڵİŴ򿪣¶Ǹװǽڵıչ
򿪱չҶǺһʦдĴ˳
ҶԪ飬ЩҪʦֵģһҶŷ֣ԭһĳʵ١
Һλʦദһʱ䣬ҶҲ˽ǵıΪˣʦֹļԭѲ⣬䣬ѿƺ쳾Ϊ˵ġ
ڶʦҿҲûʲôҰģֻǰ˼Ůϣҽ뽫һȥҲǿ֮ˡ
Ҷ׼һЩʹպʲô飬㲻УҲܻȫ
Ҷдеڶ࣬Ԫܹ꣬ʮ˾ϰٸҶ쾭һ˼ļҺҿĹ
ʦ֣û˯ɣܽ𣿡ԺҶ˹ļҵķš
СʦܣʦأļҵҶ˽ȥ
Ҷļ˱ˮ˵ǹ˻ûãôϢ
ʦ֣ҺʦؼͶʦһɡҶҲûϻֱӽϡ
ļȲһչһʧʦʦּ
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ļֻǿһǱؼȻϾ͸ҶʵҶ죬ʦ㴫Ҷ˵𣿡
ŸɣһֻὫմӣҲ˵Ҷ֮⣬ҿûʸϰЩġ
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Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʦ֣һ˶ͲýôˣʦּΪȨġ
Сʦܣʦˡ
ļҵ˵ͷҿ˵ʦܣЩһĺĴУв״ˣ
ļǽǰˣǳɵĴУȻҲֱɵطչΪһʱ仹Ըı֪ġ
ʦ֣֪ҶʦܿڣЩҾԲ˽ġҿصص˵ͷ
ļҽڷУҶʵСʦܣûУ
УʦԵȡҶ״ʦֵ˼صԼȻְѹ鷿Ԫȡ
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ʦĻ󣬹ļһһ𣬹õֽ˹ȥȻ᷿мǽϡ
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ʦҶ˵ʦ֣շǶϢɡ
֪ˣСʦδطȥɡļҵ˵ͷ۾ȴǼȴû˯˼ˡ
ҶҲûȰʦ˵˻лصԼķУҲû˯Ϊһûء
صҶԼıó߰˸ӯӯСģڷ׳Ƶ£ҶƶȾ͵ġ
Ҷ۶ĵ䣬ҿ鱦˾ȥĥˣԤĵӳ
ҶĵЩͳӣЩ½ϣһǿֵġ
Ҷ׼ǵһЩҼȻĺԺ۴ЩƷɶȼߣ˵ϼּܳء
йļҺҿסĺԺɢĸӿһЩҶ뾡콫ѷ
Щ϶ǰҶķԸиõģһаƬԵ˸ҼҶ쵱¿̨ƣǰ
ӽ뵽ľ֮ҶƿѾﵽ΢Ľ׶Σÿһȥõǡôһֲһֲ١
ҶĶ죬ֻ˰Сʱһͳġ
Ҷ쾭ڼеһС͵׹ڼȴó
ߵ׹Ҷ콫˽ȥʮӺ׹ɵǸҼڵƹҫһ̵µľ
ĸĸҶæµһҹȫɺȻ
Ժ۴Ҷ˵һש¶ĺʯһ麺˳ҶѰ˸С


374 
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ռĺԺͬλãʦֵͬʱվ׮ԭԣԺȻһ䣬ٵĵ
ףСҶӦ£ĺԺг֮⣬԰ߵҲڲʧš
Ҷ֪ëͷڵĵطһ֮۾ûȥܣëͷԣպܱʲôӾͿԼ컯ˡ
СʱйϣԺϡ࣬תû೤ʱָֻˡ
ʦֵܾһ𣬹ļҸӦܵ˵Ȼãʹվ޸֮ɷҲޣʦܣ꣬ʹ˾Ҫþˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵֪άѾܲˣǱߵķӴһȥģκʵĻҲԲһ󡣡
СʦܣãǻҪȥݼʦ˵ʲôʱأ
ļҺҿȻҶĺԺ޲ڣǶ½ҪĿģǰݼʦԪһ˳
Ҷһ£˵ʦ֣ھǻЩҪٹһʦļգɣ֮ȥéɽô
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ֻҶ첻һľųǵģôһӣѶ·ҶȥǣԺԼڵʱ򣬳ʲôҲ˰ġ
ڽҶȴҪȥ˻԰ѾٽҵЩҪΪδҶȻԴˡ
ļ룬˵У⼸죬뿪ľųҲʮˣȥתת
Ҷͷ˵ðɣ
Ҷ콻Լ׼𣬰ֱỹ˯أҶȥ˰İŸ
ҶŹļȥξǣЦСүĳүиȥ￪ˡ
Ҳãע㰲ȫҶ˵ͷҪȥûǲ㡣
ԹҶ쿪ųĺԺչճĺԺӣҶͲһɲѳͣ·
ιǼôõģߵӿڣҶһġ
ҶҶôǵİ
ʻλ¶ſΪСĵˣû뵽ǱҶˣüλӶﲻһִܸС
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˵ʵҶ컹ͦ⼸һģľǣһ͵Ⱥӿˣ뾴ҵһӹɵġ
֪ǰɲ⣬Ҳû˵ҶǾסԱ߾Ƶģģһ
ҶЦЦ˵ã˲࣬Զ㰡ʮɡ
Ҷ⻰ϲ¶˿ЦⱣڵģȴԽԽԶˣʮ׵ľ룬ʲôĻǾǷɹȥҲġ
ǣҶǻһġ
Ķʮʬ壬вؾͲһɺ⣬ȻΥҶĻֻӦ
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Ҷ죬һᣬϾʰˡͨ˵绰洫ŵ
Ҷڵ绰ЦҪȥæ˵һûŮأ
£üŮû·ء
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ǣŵ·ѵ
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ҳôɣôͽ٣˵Ҷ죬⳵治úϰĺҪ硣
ǰϲŸоҶ·Ĳͬûϲģʱǰǰش
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ҶȻ֪ЩţѧУ㻹û꣬ԺЩҲûʲô
ϿҶһۣЩ˼˵˵ҸӴûãҪṦаȫеġ
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375 
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ߵӣҶ첻ɸоЩЦ˴ģˣȻҪ˱ˣ
ҶǿЦӣϺǲˬ˵˵Ҷ죬СӱƲ磬ǰǿֵĸ糤һž͸ߵˣľ
ԣǰǼϺġ
ϻδ䣬һŮȴĸŮ˳ǰźأÿ϶ŵ㶫
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Ůͬһס꣬ϵǳãظտϣץסСӡ
ǼҵģôİɣǼʣ
Сſɲǰ׽еģͦŷһŮſһ·Ƿ׷˿ˮ
ţҰɡŮһ֮Ҷ콫ӵĺ򿪣еĶ˹
һԲԲʮŮע⵽ҶĶ˵żзȣ˧磬˵ǰڻİ
طУ԰Ҷ࣬УʱΣϹڳһʵӣ˵ǣʦã
˵˵ô׷ŵģ
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Ҷڻ԰ʱ̣֮ܶ⣬űļͬѧʶۼҶ˺˵һΧ˹
Ҫ˵Ҷ¶һ˿
ˣˡ
ſǶҶ֪֮ŭһ£˵ǣӽǾĸˣһȥԸɣ
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Ҷ쿴޷ǾĿģһǿ壬һ־սɱС
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ҲԼĵģȻԵܺãԼ֪Լ£۹ֻŵ
ڵһ͵ڶǸոյͰˣڼʡȭңȻֻʮ꣬һȷʵϾ͹˲С
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ϵе㹦򡣡վһԵҶ΢΢˵ͷȻ˱˺ܶ࣬ΪѧԣѾǲˡ
źñԵĳ˳ϴ˵ߣȽȥվﻹ׼ӭǰ
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ߣҽȥȰѳظã
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ְ˽ŵĽڵëڳмһӣȻӣһú󣬵Ǹģġ


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ָ˲úóغһƨҶԱߣһ˵Ҷ죬ô粻һķˮɣ
ѧӲУǿֺܶ࣬ҶߵҪҲܸߣֻһװ˶࣬ӻĲ⣬ûȴҵԼλá
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ҶЦļʶʱһľûԷϣҪûսء
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ǰϴ󣬴Ӧǣͷһţ
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վԱߵİʺȻЩԣѾ˿ڣǶȻ޷˵ʲôˡ
ǺãдһԼɣʡĵʱԷݣ
̫ޱ˵һϵһս֮ǰյһģһ
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Ҳɵ΢΢оЩʱѾﻢˣĻȥͲٰȥˡ
Էձˣ͸ܶˣϵ½ӹӣһǼ仰ҧҧǩ֡
ϴǸһĻҶ첻ҡͷΪԼ޵ˣ
սڳмһϣ̫һָϣ˵ãһҪս㣡
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ʹˣϰҲһڳ˵ĸоʱͲǰı̫ƺһֻһ㣬һΣС
ʶסϣΪ֪ȥʹҲԻܵ˵ģԷս˾ǸȦס
ðɣ壬Сĵ㡣
Ȼ嶯˲ɵҲо˶ԷղŵľٶǶԼģ¶Ա̫˵ʤһ֣
ӹ϶ԣ޿ɺǵģʹǱ̫Ҳ˵ʲô
Ͽһ֮󣬱̫ɾȻһߵŮ˵ӽС㣬һ֣鷳ˣ
ӽһ۱̫ɣǺˣú˵̫ɣҪҸ汱Ӣѧҵūͣ
ӽС㣬ˣй˿ֵǺȭΪԼѣ
̫ɶӽؾһ˵ǱԺǵӵչһؿӼҵģӽС㣬ˣ
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ΪˣӼȴβ󲻵ľ棬ֻܶҪձһʣϾͻ̱֪̫вԼӽҲ޿κΡ
ӢۣţûɣȷǱӢ֣
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ܽ뵽ȭʵսڴĸ֣ȴںձֵкܶļɣһġ
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˫һǴСͿʵսˣһȴǿΪĿĺúѧϰϵĺúӣûʲôɱԡ
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һ֮󣬶ԷĽǾͻ쳣ɿɽ˶ս֮ʱ˲䱬Ѫսʮֵľˡ
ӽڳȭӣ滹˿ֵļƣ˫ŲȻչסŵģϥգһ˫ȥЬӵֺſ˵ĵϡ
ƼڷֻҪǰʹϾһسȥҽ޶ȵıľ
ȻѧԨԴʱǿ壬ڵļйоأŮ˱ȴ࣬ñҶҲ֪˭ʤ˭ˡ

Ҷ컰ճڵʱӽζֻǰ˫ץȥͬʱ΢࣬Ҫˤһ㡣
ЩԷ·ǰӽ˫ץæȭһѶԷߴȥͬʱԼҲȻ˺һ
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һӽȳ˵һȭҪֱӾͱһߵȥصˤ˵ϡ
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378 Ȱ
Ҷ죬Ů˶ôǸձ˻᲻
ղǸɾһսоʱԼˢǲġ
ǰûʲôֻ֣ΪǴѧһǹõĴѧ֮һȻֵܳطˡ
ձ˲纫ŮˡҶҡҡͷ
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ļžߵ˿ʼСǸ޵ĺŮʱжһЩη塣
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ңҪ򣡡̫վڳм䣬ʳָָϣȻָͷ
ձӽһKO˵̫ɵĻæסϣ˵ϴ󣬲Ҫðϣ
Уҵңȥ
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ֵԭʵֵģ˴й򣬰ߡˤáͶʡ漼ѨȶּһЩлϰ
񱱹Ĺ򣬸עصľǵͽڿֵֻǼӵѧϰĻˣӵ츳ĻͻᱻĴС
̫ȻǼϵСȴֳ˼ҵ츳ֻѧϰ˿ֵڼ崫ȴûиԡ
йֵȭŲãˤȣʽʵӶսϰʵͺǿ
ȻҶףлԶպЩɱȵģʵսй䣬ѧɣҪԼѰҴеĸ˰ʦѧա
й޷ȭֵ֮ռһԭҪһ̶Ҫʱ䣬һ㶼Ҫֲи嵽ʮСɡ
ԼЧȭͿֵɢִռԶԶسйںܶ಻еƺֵȭͱøһЩˡ
ҪǣϰˣɱԼֵ͵ߡ
Щ˸Ͳֺ͹һЩȭʦнͬҶ㣬ȥбʵıǶ˵һ衣
ʱҶ첻ȴǲˣ֮ǰǸӽںսʱ򣬼ɱҲս⣬ҶȻ֪䣬ȴûʲôΣա
ֻǴ˿̵ı̫ɾͲһˣ¶һ˿εɱǶ϶ȥġ
ҶţȥĻȻɥ³ҪǸй̫˻Ҫҵġ
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Ҷ죬ôˣ˫ֹؽڣϷžԴ˸Լľء
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Ҷҡҡͷ˵ٹȥһ¾֪ˣ˵ˣֻǻ԰֮д裬ǲԵģʲôµĻһѧҲǳеֺġ
⡭⡭Ҷ̫ⷬЩԥˣΪ֪̫һ֣Ļ޷ˡ
̫Сʱͱ̫һģλıԣ˭Ҫ˽⡣
ϳеʱһܵУԭ߼Ȼ˳ʰЩˡ
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ʱڱ̫ɺĹ̫Ѿɵۣ̫ܻؼ֮ûӦǵõڰԱ˵Ϣ
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ǰ̫ҲСܱܵߣ˱磬Ҷ˵Լû£̫ʱҡ
Ҫ֪ǻ԰йһУҪｫԷУνսûʲôõġ
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վ̨мı̫ҡҡͷ˵Ŷ̫ܣ㲻ú£ѵøǸʲôڣǲܵκγͷġ
̫ɵøձפй¹ݵһλ٣ܳʲô£ֻҪ̫º㵽¹ȥûܰôġ
Ҹղӽֳ˼ߵļˮƽԱ̫Ҳһִ̼Ҳһʤ֤Լϵӵܵݡ
ⷬСͶԱ̫ηĹ̫ҲǲٳȰˡ
ôûû
ڶ˲ڶ˶ԻͬʱԱ߾˷˳Ҷʱüͷ


379 VSֵϣ
ǣйѾˣ
̫ɹʵһߣС峤߰ǰйһЩţ֪һشﲩżǿĵĹȡ
νչϵãֻǹٷ˵ģٷ֮ʮϵйˣʵûԭ¹ھӡ
ܶձˣͬҲˣǵĿУձֿʼȷһЩõͷ
Լʹܹ̫˿ڣ̫ҲԸйѧĵĺûᣬҪЩѧձ˲սʤӡ
Ҷ죬Һȣģ˭˭
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ҶɫЩŹֵؿű̫ɣʵҪȥ
ԭϳֲС˹̫ܺǶԷҶûźǼƽϣڱ̫ɵôߣҶͷҲǻ
ȻòʵֶӮҵıܣΪʲôֲұˣ
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ˣǶûˣⳡԣɡ
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ֵ뼼ɽʮһ˶̫һƣԻʮ鷽ש
Ȼ˿ûȫҶ죬ԿҶ˲ʧȥսһ¼ص𵴡

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ŶԷ͵һУҶͬδողȥֺȻһʳָű̫ɵϥǾ͵˹ȥ
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͵ϥʳָӴ˰̫ԼΪҶָͷ۶ϵʱ򣬱̫ڿյͻȻһ٣صˤ˵ϡ
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Сϰһеı̫ɣһשӦڶս֮˷ʤоǷ˵³˵ޱȡ
ģ˵û£
̫һҶ컹жʮֵʱҶ͸оڲഫһ쬵ķ


380 VSֵ£
̫ƻ飬һеҽȴɱУм죬ܾԣɶս鲻İʣ϶еġ
Ҷ̶ֳȣʵϵĲ࣬ѾԶ͵ϮһЩпֲˡ
Ҷǰ̫ɾǸѧ·ĺһ㣬ʽΣҲѲĸӦڱ̫ɳʱҶ֪һˡ
۳һžҪҶɲ̫¶һ˿ݵЦݡ
ʶһߵ̫̫ͬΪģһש飬ʹԷһ֮¿ҲҪʹȥ
ʧˣѰ飬ԼսעԸĹֻҪԷϵѧУҲԼûʲô취ġ
ֻ̫ϵЦݻδȥͻȻоҽһȴǱʲôסһ㣬ͷһ̫ɶʱͷ
ԭڱ̫ʹһеҽ𹳵ʱҶȻ˿δȴͻȻһ³ȥͬʱ˫ŵĽżﹴγһڰ֡
һԭϥǶʱǰȥڱ̫һŽҶСȴʱ򣬱ϥǸεؼסˡ
ҶõһУȭӲŵĹȭҲ׳Ƶġ׮Ҫֺץءǿɽ
Ҷϰ䣬ӰԪĽ̵¿ʼվ׮
һֱ죬Ҷ춼ż𣬴ûиһ죬̹֮ȣüδҲҶƶġ
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ڽǳߣӲŵĹƣִȭͽָɴڸƷɺ衣
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ܳݺҶ˲ͷ亹йʵǲȱѪԵģֻǱѹֵ̫̫ˡ
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Ҫ֪ӽϰĵձͳΪձսʱڣսٽ˽Ľ˵һνӿֳռҡ
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ۼҪսҶæ˵ãʲôóģǻһҾˡ
ֻҶ׼뿪ʱһԱ˹˵λС㣬һĿʱȡԤԼҪ𣿡
ⶼ׼ˣֳ˸䣬ճûռԣҪƲư
ҶֵһЦǷԱЦھŰԷģû򵥵ˣԱòЦȥ
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ˣĽṹԶıģҶȻҲûֻǱԼļ˲ѡ
Сȵȡ
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ôˣԱЩԵؿǸŮˡ
ŮһǸؿҶˣ˵λС㣬ʵڶԲǱԤģղǸˣڿ˹ˣ


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Ҷҡҡͷ˵Ҳ⼸Ǯ󷹵ȴǱ˹ٸ˵ľ谡Է˶Ҫˡ
ȿȣǶԲ𡣡Ҷ˵£λŮҲһΡ
߰ɣֵطԷûɵǶء
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Ī˵Ī˹ƲУǶˡ
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٣Ƹ磬ľųǾȻ˸Һпڰ
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Ҷһ֮ټĲ߽ǴԷ˶ǰѻ˼־ļ˿ɵۡ
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Ҷĳ֣øŻ˼־ǼҲ޷ϡˣղŻ˼־Ѿѻ˵ˣҪǻװͿĻպȦҲûȥˡ
ôţͷҶҲǶз۾Ӽɨ˹ȥ
ģǸʲôģҶôһǼ˶ʱоͷƤһ飬̲סȥ


384 Ʋ
Ż˼־⼸ˣүүһھ˻ģսսʱҲ֪ɱ˶ˣǾ¶õ˵ѪȾġ
ȻЩϽѾ˥ˣ۷ڣִѪʬɽɱܰСŵƨ
ǾڸղҶ۾ɨǵʱЩͬʱоһǱүӸסһ㣬Ĳڡ
ֱ˿̣ҶһͷǵĻ˼־˹㵽˼ǺһغģҴңֵǣϰ
ٺһһ⣬ٳŲţ
Ҷ۾һɣȻ󣬵ȴŵû˼־ͣʲôЦԱߵ˲Ӱ˵Ҫûˣ͸ŷġ
˼־Ҷ۸һӲͷƤ˵λֵܣɱ˲ͷأҶһȦˣûҪôɣ
ҺǵȦûϵҲȦˣȶִңֶѣҳӣȫ
Ȼ˻˼־һ䣬ҶĻûȥͲǰ⼸˶أʱһһ⣬ԼԷȥ
ãҶ죬һٸһⰡ
Ҷ컰䣬˽кͷһȴǺСŰƣһΨ²ҵӡ
СɵĻ󣬺Ҷŵļæֺ˼ҶŮĻԼĶ⣬ҶղŵٶȣǶ㲻ȥ
߽ʱ򣬸ոڼĻ˼־Ȼվ˳˵ߣҶ죬ˣ
׻˵㶵ģ㶵²Ҫģ˼־ľųǿԺߵˣκ˸û̲˵Ҷ죬ͷľ͸һ⡣
Ի˼־ˣٶϼ˿ҲҶĶ֣Ҳֻȡ衣
ϲ鶼ģôĿ˼־ҪôҶˡ
ԹضҶ쿴һۣ˼־ͷҲûصȥǼһ֮󣬸ں׷˳ȥ
ǳԷ
˼־ҪߣҶ췴ˣָһǸ˵ڰճ˰ɣȥԷɡ
Ҷ죬ط԰ɣһҶĸ첲˭ó˼־ʱǳ
ȻҾʵ׻˵ٶϰ˵ЩٵĺҶԿ
ΪʲôҪ԰ɣһˣҲˡҶҡҡͷ۾ǸŮ˵ǲǻûа䰡
ֱ˿̣λŻعûӵ˵Са䣡
ԭҶҪȥǸ䣬ʵǱ˼־ȥġ
ǷȻ񣬵˼־ľųҲǰ׻ģܾⷹҲҪЦڽӵ˼־ĵ绰󣬾ֱӰѸҶ˵İˡ
Ǵ˿ۼ˼־ҶûƢʱλŵòᣬֱС갡
ھĸ˵ְǰλүһԼ⻨òɾˣǿȼ⣬ŮսսĸҶ˴·
λ롭
ƿźŮҶ˽ȥȻÿʼǸԱкԼǲŸ߸Ьܰ׵ٶϴּȥ
ԷǳԸ𣿡
ŰǰԲĴͺŵĳ裬Ҷ첻ҡҡͷ˽ͳԷǸ԰ڵĺõط
Ҷ죬ղšû°ɣ
ղҶһ⣬סĿɲǻ˼־Щ˺ͷ꾭ϵҲסˡ
ҳôһ£ǺС֮⣬Ҳʧȥ˳ʱ£ǼûһǳԹټҵģжЩһη塣
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʲô°λŮʿǸˣЩδĵǿɱְ
ûΣ˵ءûҶһڣ˵˵ǣΪ˸ѹĲ˵㰡
Ҷһ֣ʱ÷
⼸ŮȻҾҵҲǸ߸˧û⾩ǷİᣬŵĻһŲ˵
Ҫһ˿ᡭ
Ҫһзᡭ
Ļϣ
ÿһѡ
˵ղŵòᣬЩǵȴǺкĲѣҶʱ
ԺűռһԣƲ֮Ļڼء
ſ࣬ҶҲڵŲˣɶǽһݣʱ㣬ҪͷˣҲƿţƿ˶ơ
ƲˣҶҲȥˣô˵ҲǧңһٷԲɣ
Ҷ˵ĲˣǸԱȴǰզ࣬ƽٸͣûҶݳ޵ġ
Աȴǲ֪˵ûд۸ҶѹͲ֪ЩܹҪѶǮ
ʲôƣҶ͸ˣֻ֪ƱƹƾƣΨһܺ¿ڵĺƣҲˡ
ȵԱȥ˵λŮҲһ˳ȥ֮Լܾܵİ칫ԭԭĽղŵ㱨һ顣
٣һǮһֻⱫŲ
ȵ֮Ҷк˶˿ӣһ¶Ǻ󣬼Ҳ˸ղŵ飬ּ
Сɣ˵ǶǱģļٵİ
ԵһʱҶȻСʵ⼸СʱദܿóŮǸˬֱƢ
СȻҶûʲô˵ȻİѾɡ
ɣֲкСأСɣǲǺ꾫İ
СɵĻ̲סȤͬˣǶûС¡
ɲ˵ģҪǱҪùġСһסص죬Щµܿ˿
ĺɣʲô
СɵɫҶ첻һȻ飬ӲŹ֣ȷʵǴڵģҶ컹ǵŵ
ЩأҶæ˾Ʊ˵ΪŮʿδ򣬱˽ڴ˸лλŮʿżչˣ
ۣ˰
ţ㾹Ȼǣ
ǵģƴˣ
Ҷ챬ϣȻˣŮҲԵĲˣʱһȴҲмͬ˸С
ٷһֱԵӣҶ򵥺һʮ߽˰ᡣ
λҷܾһ˶ʮǧԪΪ˱ʾ֮ǰǼǸ⣬ֻնʮͿˣ
Ȼ˵ʮֵĿб֣ȴҶڵѪûȵİǵݵп


385 Э
⡭ƿƾƣ͡Ҫʮ򣿡
ŵ֣Ҷ첻Щɵۣû뵽ԼֵĺƣȴǽѵĴͷ
λҪĺǰ˶ģ˶ҲǱͺõһ꣬Լ·ǳʺֲһݵѾƾԵ÷ǳ󡣶ƺÿֻƿн뵽йֻƿԼ۸ҲȹϸһЩϣ⡭
˵ʵλܾѾʼҶˣΪЩԷûȥķƱ㶼Ҹ˾˱ģǸͲȥ׷Щ顣
Ҷ֮ǰ˼־ȴʵʵڵģ¼طŶˣûд󱳾˭ôɣܾӸҶռһºƵ֪ʶ
ưƣοǰѸǺˣ˵ûҾƹôľƸﰡƵζ治´ȥۣһѹһЩ
ҶԹԶ۵Զ̲ס˸磬æС˷Ŀյˣȴܲġ
Ҳƴ󲿷ֶҺˡҶǰQҰοһƿƵƿĶӡ
˳ŵ¿ȥҶԽƽˣΪ֣ʮĲǮһٳԵ˶ʮ
ʵЩȻҲˣĻҶ˳ԣǮ㹻˵ġ
Ҷ鲻ˬθȴܺãһ˾ͳ˵ķǮ˺üŵλŮ飬ææľͻ㱨ܾ
ˣˢɡ
ڱ·ҶҲݳһѣóпposϺˢ˶ʮ
ʱҶȴ÷Աһݱ̷˵ëͷϲ㣬ǽˬˣҲοСһ
ڷԱӵҶȨûڼԼй˵£ǮҲ˱Ҳ˼ҳ
˲뵽ݺ󣬺СЩؿҶ죬ʵҶ죬ڷ¶𣿡
Сɴ˻һŶסҶ죬ղҶǷٶȴЩ⣬ʮ򶼻ˣҪʢи
Ҫ֪Űᣬǻûг극ʶҶҲǴѧģԶȥʱͷʣţ趼зԱġ
һǮĶûΪʲôܴ߰
Ҷֱ׳˵Сѧ֪Լ١˷ѿɳܣЩ˵ľҲ̫˰ɣ۵̳ȥԷʲô
ҶĻŵ˾ԭͦݵһ£Ҷ˵Ϲˡ
ϸһ£Ҷ˵ȷʵҲеȷóԷһ˴ǹϵ⡣
ȻĿǰ˵ڵػǲ̫еģΪ򸻺ǽнڼ󣬻ɱˣһ׼ᱻ˵ǿŵġ
λŮʿԵһ£ȥѳӿ˵Ц伸˳˵ݣǵھƵſںҶͣȥ
ţ⼸Ǹʲôİ
Ҷո߳ʮףͷ˸Լ󣬶˺棬ˣҶҲ֪⼸緹νģ
Īǻ˼־ҵɱ֣
ҶиðͷͱԼˣ˵⼸ûһ˿ɱ⣬ǻ˼־Ҳδ⵨ӣھɱˣǻ˼־Ͳ競ɵˡ
ܿҶ֪⼸˵ݣոŵʱ˺Ȼӿ˽ŲܵҶǰվǰǸһ֤˵ǽҶɣһ׮˺ҪЭ飡
죿
ҶüͷְǾ֤˹һ֣˵٣Ҷ죬֪˺˭ǹң
Ҷ⻰֪ʣƨ֪ǻ˼־ɳ飬ôûץ֣ͱ˴ȥ
˺˻˼־Ѿ˰ԻǻȥһˣǴ֤Ҷ򶨣Ϊ׵ľȴӰóһŴ֤
ۼҶӾǷģ߻ĸƯŮǿһǶвֵĺ
ּ˵˾Բ׸ƽͷϰգԼ참ʱһͻᱻԷץסʹŵġ
ⰸȴǱ죬ΪǷ־־ֳġ
һ˼־ʱҲֳȻǾֳı¼İٶ֮죬Ƿ־ʷļ¼
ٵ˶Ǿ̾ӵģִܶŹСʲôʱֵǳˣǾֳ˷˻û͸˵ġ
ǼҶ֮⼸֪鲢ô򵥵ģп˫ǲˣԲŻ˿
ҪǰŲٵŸгĻ缸ͳӰҶȥˡ
Ҷʷʲô£
Ҷͼ콻̸ʱ˹ƿ죬ǵҶǰ
ǸʲôģǰͻȻĸ⣬Ǳһ
׻˵⽻С£ھǣȻڸһȣİȴǷǳͷ۵á
Ǿ죬ҪҶЭ飬ʲôݣҶʲôϵΪ׵ǸǹѧҵģӢûκεϰ
ԷǾ죬ͼͬһۣ˵ҶҪĿ꣬˹ʲôɣҪĻǽΪƸõʦ
ֻǱڣҪҶİȫҶҪǷ˷ȴûа취ˣȻǶǰľʩѹġ
ģСӵʲô˰ȻĸıڣĻ󣬴ӵٶʱͷ
ӾʮˣҲιüΧ񣬼ٱҪıڣû˵ĸ˽Ƹ⼮ڵģ
λҶڻֻڵ׶Σǲܿ϶Ƿȥܵ飬ϣǲҪִй񣡡
ȻЩӣ־־ֳģһҪҶȥ̬ҲǱȽǿӲġ
ǿԴҵĵˣΪ˱ѶƹҪһȥ
˵ְҪҶܵ˺ҶҪھְ˴ȻǱˡ
㲻ùܣԼˡ
ҶҲ֪Ҫһˣ¶Ǽ˵ҵĳҪѣҿƵſǵĳ
ãû⣡
Ҷͬȥ֣ٶʱ˿ֳԸǰȥȻصԼϾ٣ɵӲˮء
ѳӿƵſںҶ콫ԿӸţľ˵ţ㿪ȥ˼־ˣҸ⼸λȥ˾֣


386 Ѷ
ȥ֣Ҷ죬Ǹһȥ
Ŷż˵Ǽǵˣ֤ǻ˼־ȶ֣
ԣһȥ
ȸ״̫ɶˣ
ͬ־Ǿǵ̨ļߣǿɲƫƫţڵϸع£
ҶһԷļŮҲƲ磬ظѾϵת뵽˾ǵ̨֤Ѿõ֡
ģⶼʲô˰߶ˡ
п಻ŰǻһûռǸĹע㶼ڵϣһ汨ǺִǿǳԲ˶ߵ飬Ƿ־ϴ󶼿ס
٣˭˭ȥǻȥ٣ٸǼᶨе뷨ܣûҪС汳ɣ
ˣ°ţȰϴСͻѧУȥɣϴȥһˣ˵㵽ҵʱҶؼء
Ҷ쿴ŮߴߴӣЦܿó¶ǰļλϵ󣬸ӻڻ˼־ϡ
ȻԷѾ˰ߵ̣Ҷ첻ȥͻᱻץסѱȻ֪˼־ҶҲˣܰѺ˵ǰ׵ģ
֪Ҷзִ磬Ȼô˵п϶аգµ˵ͷ˵ãҶ죬ע㣬ҪʲôΥ飬һ浽ѵ·
λС㣬ҪִأԩһˣҲŹһ˵ģ
ŵĻдẈ̂ٵû˵ʲôǸ΢һľЩˬˣ̾참Ǻֱײģܹί
Сˡٿɲ֦ͷһǸ£ЦŶҶ˵˰ɣ
ԣ߰ɡ
Ҷͣӳͷ˵Ǳ̷ιëͷ˰ҲСһﳢǷƲˣ
֪ˣСĵ㡣ŵ˵ͷȾ뿪֮ͳ绰
ھʮ׵ĵطһӳĳӸȥͬҲóֻ沦һ绰
ΪҶ˽˱ڣԱ֤Լ£Ҷ첻ܵ˺û¸Ҷľ»Ҫ㱨һġ
Ҷ죬䲻󣬶С˰
֪ԼץˣʵѾҶ죬ȴҶ컺¹ϵҲҪԼժȥ
СûСҶһ£һŹֵ˵˵ëͷ
ٵͷҶһĿЦһֻ˿ûʲôϵġ
ᣬˡ
Ҷ˻һٵ˾аǶûԹ̷أǰλȻȥιֱǵ͵İܼӰ
Ȼ⼸컹ҶҲ֪˾ֻᷢʲô£һ֮˵ˣҴ򼸸绰û°ɣ
ԣֻЭ顣ֵ顣
簡Ҷ죬Ǹ˼־鷳;ȥˡͻ˼־ĶԹǴӺ4SģҶһ绰ʹ˺
ʲôƵģС
绰һ˵ĺʱըˣ֮ǰǾ˼־ҪģҶ죬ˣĸ־֣СʱһСʱ͸Ϲȥ
ǵķ־֣Ҷ챨˺ǱߴӦһҶϵ绰֮ǰҶ˳ӷ
Ҫ绰ˣδܰæ
ģȹϵǾ棡
ҶϺĵ绰Ҷĥһᣬһ绰ȴǴ˸۵Զ񻹹ʲôЭίԱͷɣ
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¶ǻ˼־Ĳ٣ҶǸ쵼ҲϻûЩΪ˼־ƨ㲻ϡ
֪ˣİɣû˸ҶһµġԶͲҶԼͷأڵ绰ҲǴ˰Ʊ
Ҷ绰ٵ˶ĬλҪִ󰡣Ҫ֪˽λɲǾֳ
ղſҶЩˬǸᾯ죬Ҳŵñֱð亹־ϴ˶ûԼǸа
Сʱ󣬾ʻ˷־֡
ٴҶ߽¥ӭ͹һˣЩƵؿһҶ죬˵ôȥôðֳ˺üˡ
ӣҶ죬λϣֳĿ֤ˡ
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ʵˣӳǾֳһģҵһλֳȥпܻһ
£ӳҲǱȽģΪֳպȥʱλƹھֳ칫Ȳأֳȵ̬ȣ
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ӳµûֳʮǰǻ˼־үүľԱתҵطֳܵȫǻƼүſڵĽ
Ի˼־ҵͷϣֳζҵģ˵үѾȥˣ֪֮ҪǲĻһ׼ᱻǵġ
ˣȥæɣ˵ˣⰸҽˣ
˳ⰸӣӲһϲղֽҪúáչˡҶһ£Ա߰ء
ٳҶЦЦӳ˵ӣҶʵܺߣҪúһ°
֪ˣ¸ϽȥɡӰ˰֣ûٵĻϣȴǲ֪˸׸ء
̾һ飬һֱҪȥĸֳѳŵģλֳҲ׼Լȥ̾ӵζӳλá
һ⸱ҲܸһֳֻǲӳΪ˱Ƚǿƣһϵ뷨ʵ֡
ȴǿһ˿ϣҶǸ绰͸оֳƫǸƹӣͻԽԽ󣬵ʱĻˡ
Сԣȥ¼ڹҶɣ
ҪǰҪӳ϶רҵ٣ΰӹܵľǴܶŹЩ飬Ҷ¶ǺܶԿڡ
Ҫʿڹһ𣿡ϼҶҪߣ
참Ҫ𣿡Ӱ˰֣ϸԱߵһ
ֳǴˣҶ˰칫¥һѶ
£һݣҶ죬ǸӵѶϡ


387 Ϯ
Ҷһ򣬻οֻ֣û˵ֶŵġ
٣СӣﻹʵǲƤˣߵ۾һɣҶһѡ
˵ֻЭģΪʲôҵѶң
֮Ҷһֱû˵׻˼־Ȼ˶ԸĳһкĹϵ
ҶڵȣڵȺԶǱܷã½ѶңҶʱˬ
˻˼־ûҶҲϣʱȴǻ˼־ȶ֣׻˵һĲ죬ƾʲôһ˹󰡣
˵ˣѶ˽λѶλøģطĵطֻܶѣ
أ
͵һǣʵ㣬Ҳʲôط£
ǹΰģÿ춼ЩϵСӴ򽻵ʮֵķḻһľųﶼҪӡ
Ҷһףҡҡͷ˵һ飬ЭģǱʵģҪ󻻸ط
ҶĸߴվҲƲһ£ɫڸ˺ֻܴȰ㻹ʵʵĻش⣡
ֳİʾúáչˡһҶ죬ȻپľͰŵ
ȻҶƺôϣҺҪֵͷӿɲѶԾƭҶѶϡ
˵ƨҲҪԼıǮҶЦһߵǴ˵ʣҪȥ
ž
Ҷһ£ϽϵķʹҶС۱εĹ̶Ӱϡ
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պ£Աһƣ£Լ̲ܽϵ쵼Ρ
ЩԱΪ˴쵼ҲܵЩڹ˰ɣ

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磬¾鷳ˣ˵ˣģ⸱ֳλ˭ߵġ
ľųǻ죬˼־ǸݰñصĸԼɻûкôǲеģ˼־˳ŵ
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ģҳЩǰ
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أ
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һĻһһ£ܿͷӦ˹Ҷͷ
Ƥ߳վľ룬ҶĽǹˣҲִҶϵԭ
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ҶһʹǾͱֶ˹˳ǰ˲һǣ˿ԶûԳһ˵ϡ
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Ǽɾ֮Ҷ仰ʱ¶˿Цõı飬Сӻ軵˭û»ŵ羯ԼԵģ
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鳤ҶѣҰǺXXX
ȻͨԾֳ֪˳˵ݣʶλ鳤Ϊפӵľ٣Ž鳤һҲʶԼ׵ġ
鳤δ˵ѦεЩؿһۺ˵ŶǺ˾ҵĺӰǾһɡ
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ҶЦЦҲûߵϺ˵ֳʵҲûʲôҺǻ˼־ִ˼䣬ȻͱץңѶʵʱӵĲС˵羯ġ
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Ҷɴϯúˣֱӽгκ䣬ǸСʧȥĸ׵ˣҶʵ᲻һ˿ľ졣


391 겻ɢ
ڳѦεʱҶоһ˿ʵĸо䲻󣬵ʮ㣬;оֵľֳ˵ЩģǾĳλ쵼ġ
֪λ鳤ԶĹϵҶϾ˹ѦγԼǸүκ֮⣬ٲˡ
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ҶμңҶ춼ûʲôøУǸӣڽܵμӵܰɱҶ죬ܰμظĸ췭ظ
ˣ֪ϯʲôôô˵֪ô˵ĺ𣿡
ҶתκĻѦεɫҶκʲôˣΪ׳ߵĹԱѦζҪά׳ϡ
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ҶĻ˵Ѧһ㶣ǰӦ׳ļ£ԼֻҪתˣûбҪ淢ʲôġ
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ʱƣǸجγֵĴӦˣʱʱĻ뵽ƹӵξ֮Уŵû˼־˯߲跹˼ԭǸľųǵĻƹӣҲھȦ伣ˡ
Σĵ죬ͱ˫棬Ϊ˾޶ĲƲܶﵽٶԪҺʮԪ
Ⱥھٱֳ縯ΪҲˮ棬ȻھӵĴÿһ˸Ůˡ
±Ǿ𶯣쵼ָʾҪϴӿ촦·ĵڶڣƽ˾
º󣬾ԺУΪƲԴ̰ܻߵһͽʮ꣬Ȩʮꡣ
ȻЩǺˣҶڵõʱҲһЦְ֮Ȩ̰ܻߵˣԭ͸õϳ͵ġ
ڽͻѧУ󣬻صլſڵҶ죬ȴһ鷳ΪǸӽȻ겻ɢš
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ҪǲӦԣ׼ôأ
Ҷ۾зˣɺ޵ľǻˣӽΪպ÷ɡ


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ţǵھǶһУĸܵȺ֮ġ
Լʹͬݷд裬һҲ˰Լطѣģ·ɻ䡣
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ҶӽָֻһҵĽûб˼
Ҷһ֮ӽֻо׹һ㣬ͷƤ鲻˵ӹɢһӺϵѪҺһƺסˡ
ǴСŵ֧Ļӽ˿ҶǰһĻ˵ˡ
Ҷû˵ֻ۾ӽ粨һ㣬ϵӽӿȥҪڶԷͷ¿־ӡ
һ̣ӽоǰҶƺһֻޣ޵ʳһ㣬ַĵĿ־ڲͣĳˢ񾭡
Хɽ֣ʹð޲սӣͬˣҶ첻˵ɱ飬ҲмʮͷųɱСĶŵõСʧ
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ȻѦǲҶԭתģЦ˵׳ҶҶǶЩСӵûʲô˵ġ
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ҶѦת仰κȻʧЦδﵹǶһͣμһûһҶй
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κ˵˻ѦʱһɣҽԼûҶʲôˣ׳˽ݵϵǲһġ


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һĻùļҺҿ棬һʮˣԪĹǰ޵
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ڹļҵǽﵱԼļңÿճ˾ǺһЩͷ죬ӹĵʮ⡣
Ҷؾ죬Ҷҵ˶۵լ⻹йļҺХѾԺ˵ĸףһʮֵ֡
ȻһܾǼʮҶ죬Ҳ˾źݺѵһ٣ġҶʦʱҲֻܸʵʵȫ̽ˡ
ҶҳԷûʳؽԵһʱ̫̫ȻЦе˵ŰҵˣҲʼˣҿСǲǰѻѽ˵ҺùӹǶУСӣҲܰŴѽ
Ҷ⼸˶һжഫòʢҶ⼸Ϲö޲Ͻ飬ΪҶҴڽӴ
ű˵࣬ҶæԲ˵ģãҲŶʮ꣬ô𣿡
⺢ӣʮ껹СڽǰǻᣬӶˡ̫̫䲻ӵ£ȴˡ
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Ҷֲ죬̫̫ȴתĿ꣬Ҷݺݵѵһ٣պʱŵĵ绰ˣæ˵绰
ųȥһֱͷȾƳԷĹļҺȻ˵Ҷ죬ȻøıմҲûµġ
ӵõҶóĴط󣬹ļϵΪͻͽˣҲݲһ˿ŵԲⷬ˵
ļҲ֣ҶЦõ˵ʦ֣¶ͱˣŸոձҵμӹû죬Ϥٽ顣
֮ǰʵϰģܺãҵ֮˳µľͽ뵽ӹ
ȻҶ鼫ã䲢ҲڹɼԺҶ˾ʱ΢ƺһЩ
μӹͽʲôϵ˵ʲô˼밡̫̫˵
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ŵҶ죬Ѧɲ˿ҶĸҶƽʱѦ˵⣬֪κҪҶӣҶƽûɨѽѦɸȥ
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ޱڣҶкκĿԣĸûܻҶμλƶ˵Թޣ
СҶٿһ£׳ĺġ
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ѦȰ˵һҶʱͻȻһŮĻϵˡ
ԲѦΣҵ˼Ѿȷˣǡˣλ˵Ҷ
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Ҷ죬˵仰Ҷ˵֮͹ţѦɲɶ½ţŸθ׳ػˡ
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396 
ҶСǶ˵ģʲô¶Ը⣬Ҷƽܲס¼ùñ飬ҶЩ
Ҷ죬عùǵ顣ҶŭԺߣæһס
ô°ĪǲȰˣ˶ʧ˲ſ޵ģ͹ùûϵҶʱһɣֿʼƶˡ
ˣûΡűҶ˵ΪЦĴһǣ˵ҵͬѧСɳˡ
Сɣʲôطʲô°
Ҷһ㶣гǸԲԲŮӰԸˬֱĶŮҶӡǲ
СɱҵϼˣǸеĵ̨ϰ඼ˡ
źͬἸλõĹϵܺãȻѾҵˣû춼ͨ绰ղȴڶһŮͬѧġ
԰ȻǹһָУרҵϾ義ǹ㲥ѧԺھǹһ׵顣
ر˾ǵ̨һǾǻڣϵ·ʹŮõĹҪ֪ÿ㲥ѧԺıҵҲء
֮ӣʵҲںȻʹ˲پֻûŮ֪ˣںСЩˣֻܴȥˡ
ȻŻ԰ƣСɵĹλʵҲܿ죬ûôףڳе̨ȵһߡ
׳ʲô°Ҷһɻ󣬼СһҪ޳æ˵ȱ𼱣˵
⸱ģҶɴĬСɵ֣˸ָȴˡ
ãŮӦһ٣֮Σݳһ˿ߣҶϾ¶˾٣üͷ
ȻҶǰСɵʱ򣬲ûаϸ࣬Ů֮ˣֻʲŵݣʾȴǴס
Ȼ˵һɲģͻĸı䣬˵ļҲڲͣı仯ţһ΢С£ܸı˵һ
ʱҲ˵Ҷ죬СֲֹסҽԺһֱԲѣҽ˵ʮֵ΢ܡпܻᡭġ
˵Сɲʱ̲סǸոշֿµʱ䣬סһĽþ£һô޷ܡ
Ҷ콫˻ʵ巢ʲô飿СܲԵ޹ʵľͻ԰ɣ
ҡҡͷЩؿҶϣ˫ֻסҶ죬˵Ҳ֪˵Сȥ˸ɷãȻص̨ſڵʱͻȻεˣ͵ļʱܵʱûˡ
ŵһͬѧҲǸոմ绰ˣͺСͬڵ̨һֱҽԺ
ţż࣬СôᣬӦûµġ
ϺŵУҶ첢֪ںСϾʲô飬ֻοˡ
źȻ̧ͷܼᶨ˵УҡҪȥСɣ͸ش绰
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ҶһѰסŲ绰֣˵ʵղҶռЩգȥˮ
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ذҲ֪ҪȥпСɣȥȥ̫ˣһȥã㶩ƱɣŰ
ͨ˵绰źû˵䣬ͻҶֱҡͷղŻĳھȻЦóȥΰ
ҶյŶߣ˵ŻƱҲȥ
ȥٽزĳУҶ컹ǲģռ󣬷ƺô̫ƽԼеæˡ
ҶĻæֻ˵ãأţˣȥȥ
𰡣ôȥͬѧģȥΰ
Ҷһ㼱ˣȥ³¹˲ǣҪٸϸϣǲǴȥ
ãǾˣ㶩ƱűҶ˵һ죬ֻֽ˼󣬰ѵ绰Ҷˡ
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Ҫ֪ļڽǰʱһƹܹţԸɵָƣȻʱˣ̾ڵطϵţܹ黹ǻк˴ڵġ
˵ãͻĿܣҲбʩĿܣҪź˵ļһ£˵ҪɣСʦܣȥһˡ
ʦ֣ˣǱŵ˵°ɡҶҡҡͷʦֶʮˣԼߵģ
볤ɽĸأҲ׳Ƶɶؽ磬峯ԴĵطķأʶҲʢеĵط
ļһż˵ĩʱѾûˣȵ峯֮󣬾ûһʦԭشˣҶҲǺ˽⡣
ʦ֣˼ĪﻹвࣿҶʵоԼӦû͵ص
϶У̵ʷִֵʱһã
ļҵ˵ͷܼᶨ֮⣬Ǳ߻µĴڣԺպΪҵʶҵһˣǲ֪ڻû
˵ļЦµŷҵ汾ģֻһŷƴɣһŷʿŸʽ


397 Ϣ
ƴɣʿ
ҶЩɵۣЦʦ֣μأк꾫Щְû
صĲʹ˵Ұ˴ڵũ֮⣬ҶҲϵ˴йˣûЩνľ֣ԶԹļҵĻЩΪȻ
ʦܣûûа
ļЦЦָԺԵëͷ˵С˲˵֮⣬㿴ʲô𣿡
⡭⣬ëͷǺѰĶЩͬļëͷȽϣҶ컹˵ʲôСʵ̫ͨˡ
ߴߴ
ëͷ伫⣬ļҺҶԼವһ˹ֱֺƵĶŹļҹֻǰצ
ʱ乶ļ£ԪµһЩҩطҶⷿЩҩģ˲ٵҩٶֵëͷͳõҩߡ
ЩҩëͷҲкôСһڳҶ֮⣬׽˾ǹļˣֻҪϵʼҩƨƨߵظں档
ȥһȥ
ҶëͷĲӻص˳ߣüͷ˵ǣëͷͨ飬Ҳ޷Լͨ˰ɣ
Ҷ죬̫޷ģϷǱ򣬿عʥЩ˵𣿡
ļҪԶԶҶ죬Թ֮˵ų⣬Ϊһеֶ˿Ҳ޷ó֮ġ
˵ף˼ǵֶΣҲΪɰɣ
ҶĬһᣬȻ˫һָƾǰһײһһŻƾԶëͷһߴߴ
ǾˣʵҲһֶܱ֤Ķﲻܽһһʶ˼ά𣿡
ļҶļ˵㻹Ǹˣﻹ˼ҿأʲôȲҪȥ񶨣Ҳҿ϶Ƿڡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ʦ˵֪ݶ֪㣬֪֪ݣ˺Ͷˡ
ļվЦˣô࣬ȥףܽӴһ̺µˣڵֶΣȴҲκ˵ġﵹиѣӦòˣҪһ֪ġ
ţлʦ֣ȥоգƺЩԵʦ֣ȥϢˣ
ʦֵĻҶлȻʣһǶ㲻ˣʲôˮںˡ
ԴҶ뵽ľԤϳһЩԼļ׻ղռһԣȴɽˮҶҲİ١
ŵլסģڶһʱͿĺԺҶֽ֮͵׶
λиˣھŰûлģҶֻɻͬ
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ã㿴С㣬ȫװˣ
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ҶǱҵģزˣˣ֪뼸Ҳġ
ǿӿûܰġҶԴЦһ⳵
ͬ볤вԶֻһٶ๫ҵ·޵ĺܲʮӺ󣬾Ѿ뵽׵ؽ磬·洦ɼïܵɭ֡
ǰҶԿ˵㴰ӣһ紵ϣҶ˶Ϊ֮һˬΪɭִҵٵԵʣնҪȾտ֡
·һĺһֱųӣȻԵİֺѾҶˣԸһĸо
Сӣ⼾ϴѩһɽ׿ûʲôģˣС㴩ôҲ䰡
ԭͶҶ촩ż棬¼Ҷ򿪴Ͼ¶ı飬λ˾̲ס˵ˡ
ҶЦҶ춼ˮϴģϰˣλ磬׾볯ʺܽ˰ɣ
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˾죬Ӻܿ뵽˳УвǺܴ󣬵ֵǳɾźͬѧǮͨ˸绰󣬳ͣеһҽԺſڡ
ţأ
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ᵽҽԺԲѵĺСɣŮʱҵûµʱͷ飬ЩûܵůŮǣǸоѽܡ
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Ҷ죬Ҳ
ŵһģǮЩ˼Ĳ˲ᣬ˵Сס֢Ҵȥɡ
ڼŮҶʵǮС㣬СϵĲ𣿡
ɡǮһҶ죬ҡͷּ鶼ˣҽҲ˵ʲôǡǡ
Ǯԥһ£ѹ˼֣˵ǺСүү˵Сɿܡаʩ˷ˣ
ڳ׵λƫƧֲͨǺܱǰʱ˲ʦ񣬾µ׺β
ˣа֮˵ǺŵģǮ̬ԺСүүĻͺΪȻ
ˣСɵ裬ҽԺĻ
һ䲡⣬ǮὫŸƿˣʮŮ˽ܸҶˡ
ڳ⼸Ҳͳ԰ѧԵ̨ԺСɻǺܿصģ˵֢һͺСɵļһ𿴹ˡ
СɵͬѧллллˣŮ
ǮĽܺ󣬺СɵæվڲϱŹӵŮ̲ס
ҽ˵СɵʮֻҪܺʱΣա
̣ˣСһûµġ
׻˵Ůˮģ⻰һ㶼٣źرȰСĸ׵ģ˵˵ŵһ
֣ڲûɷ֮Ҳͳ죬ΪϢ΢أ
Ҷ뵽֮󣬾ͽעеڲϵĺСϣͷų΢һ̽飬üͷ


398 
һһ˵Ľ׼ǿ˵ѪǷʢСɴ˿Ѫ˥ܣɫޣϢΪ΢Ѿֳһ˿
ҶĳʩҲ󣬵Ի󲻽ǣСڲɷĴڣҲų˵Ŀԣֶ֪ġ
̣Сǰûʲô
ȵżƽҶ쿪ʵǵϴСɵʱƺһɲӵ˿ȴʧˡ
Сɵĸ׻ΪҶҲŮͬѧҡҡͷ˵ûУСɴСͺãʮʱܸүүɽҩôҲûβġ
⵹ˡҶһ£˵̣ѧҽܸܲСɰѰ
Сɵĸҡҡͷ˵үүҽҲ˵һСӣҪǶû͸źɡ
Сɵүүʮʱũĳҽ˵ҽǸǸ˵𾴡
ĸ￪֮үӸǿ˸ר֢ԼŮүȴ޲ߡ
ָ˺Сɵ󴦣Ҷ΢΢۾һ֮뵽˺СɵȴҲûзκ쳣
һ֮Ҷ콫֮˺Сɵ̽ѰСɵĲ֢ڣֻȻסʹ䲻ڶʱϾ
̣ҲСɵ⣬ôᣬһûµġ
Ҷ쿴СһЩ֪Լ֮ã·ʵС֮ǰǷʲô°
϶׵ģСɺö˶˵ľͱҶ컹ǻܵʲôʴֻԼ̽鲻ѡ
Сɵĸҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪Сɹϵٺ˵
Сɵĸ״ʱҶѾЩˣкôôడѲСɻǱ˺ģ
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Ҷ쿴ҪŪСɻԵԭȾҪ֪ǷʲôˣСɸոմӾǱҵˣҲΪϵ
ûʲô°̨﹤ģСϲܣʱǼߵĹһ춼εġ
ǮȻͺСɹϵܺãһţԶԺСʲôŶ
żĸѾЩ͵ɫˣæһҶ죬˵Ҷ죬ǻסСɰɣ
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Ȼÿ궼˴ҽ˽ǹɽɽȻкܶ˻͵Թұѽ
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ҶȻһ£ʱЦʦ֣лҪģǡŮļ˲һͬⰡ
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ҶʩչлȻĵôţҲҪͨԪҺСɵֲųɵġ
ǰʶλµҲպԿûʲôԨԴеĻǾͺ˵ˡ
ļҺȻһ£˵ˣ˵ǣ߻ǵˣҪݵĸҩɽͲ⣬ȥҵ
ݣɣ֪ˣʲôٸ绰ɣ
Ҷϵ绰ҶЦԼǰˣǹļҿеǷݣûŹġ
ҶѾס˺Сɵʱʲô⣬Ҷ쵹ʱȥݡ
һСʱϽ·ŵҲص˱΢Ϣһᣬһ˲
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˲ã˵ҹѾ˰
Ҷɨ岻һ£˾Ȼ⼰ڽ뵽˰ľ磬Ѫ֮ʢʮ˶Ȳ
˵Сôˣǰһɸ˿أ˲ЩСɶˣʲô
˵ʮֵĺȻ˵ʱѹɤţȻ˶䡰ˡ졣


399 ԨԴϣ
֣ⶼʲôʱˣͱ˺𣿡
Сɵĸƺô˵ˣһ䣬ҪǰҽԺҲΪûܼʱõζȥģ
˵ʲô
Ȼ䲻СˣʮֵĺʹϱĻ϶ʱ¶˱ŭɫ˫Բ뷢ţʮֵˡ
һҵǻЩ°
ոŽҶüһĻаԲ룬ĸֲТ˳˵ˣǰ̬ȣȴԵЩˡ
ǲǰܣŵ˽󣬺ĸĿ˵֣ˣҽСɣûСɽɫúܶʵڽˣ
ǰɣСҲǵŮ
ϱⷬ˳̾һ˶ǺȻʮһ㣬˫̸Ĵ֣Ůͷϸһ¡
ȻҽܸҲ鲻ŮõʲôҺСֻǿˮά˼ζҩȴҲ޷úСɷȥ
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˳ź󣬺ĸվȻǣŮŵ˲ԶǧĴӾ̽ŮҲԸʧ
Ҷһʵ̣ôˣҿүүҲǲ˰
Сүүҽܺǲ٣ǣҽҲʲôεģǲȰŻ˼βףǲԸҽԺ
ĸǸܲصסˣ¶ǼǸһ㣬ƽʱ˭Ըһֱѹ
ʮȥˣСɵİְֻΪүìܣȻ̸ϲ֮ɱһͥ࣬Ҷôһʣĸ߶
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ֻǲǷҩģС̵ĲתʱСɵĸ׾ҪĸȥҽԺȴүӸסˡ
ϱѧҽˣ˼붼ǱȽϹִΪҽκõĲҽҲκá
ү˵ʲôͬȥҽԺǺ洫һЩ⽨šĸΪĶװŪĸβǲС
ۿĸ׾ҪˣСɵİְֲ˸׵ķԣӲǽĸͽҽԺһԭǼβףҽԺ̫ˣȥˣʮꡣ
һСɵİְ׼˾Ǹ׺ĸףںüʱﶼûϸ
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ҲǺĸү֮󣬷Ӧ˼ҵҪԭ򣬵깫βʱȻ񣬵Ҳ޼
ԭ
ĸؽߺҶͷ΢ɲһĴҲȱʧӦβĲ֢Ȼ޷ҽκãһ»ǿԵġ
˵ϣҶӦֻȵѪӦеȴһ˿ޣȴֶһЩβҶƶӦǶʧ˴С
ĸںżŮ˵ŻҶĵվҽԺ׷ȥ
뿪ʱ䲢Ҷ׷ҽԺſڵʱ򣬸պÿ˽⿪һԯϡ
ڵѾǼΪټˣ涼аΧţɽɽ·ߣڹ·ϵ洦ɼټ
ۼ˱ӣҶæ˹ȥһס֣˵˼ңһ£Сѯ
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׻˵пŵп֣ϺȻӻûѾˣûٽס
Ҷ쵥־Լƥ粽УϺʣԼȻҲܰ쵽Ҷ治ɫᡣ
벻Сѻͬ˰ȴ֪ɽͷδյ㣬ҵλ
ߵĺúԸձū۵ģڽǰݺڰɽˮ֮ģϺһڽȴ˵Ĳײ࣬Щǰ֮ĶԻ
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˫ŸղȵʵϣϺ־ͽץסҶ죬ʵСѣ㡭֪Ҹģ
Ҫ֪ϺĸڽǰݺͬһͷӣԺ±רͽƱָĳ˺챦˳ɽС
˵ҶˣϺĶӶ֪Լүү䣬էȻ׵֣ںϺв˸
˼ң˵ˣʦʶƱġҶҿһۣ˵˵ʣǻطɣ
Ȼ٣Ϻ⳵ڸҽԺſڣעĿҶܲʽɣ
˼ˣʦּȻͼҸʶϺһأҽк£㺰Ϻˣ
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ҶҲûżɽ˵ʦչļңǻʡ֪ûƱ
ļң⡭ⲻǽ۵𣿡
ҶĻ󣬺͵վ֮ݵĲһ󷢲ŵʦûָͷ
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˵үСɤǺܲ˰ֵö̫ݵķԱȴǲӦˡ
ҲʶԼʧ̬ЩǸĶԴĻЦЦصϣѹ˵Сѣ˼һ
ʦֻڣ֮ǰ˵𸸵䡣ҶЩؿ£ʵϣĪʦ֣


400 ԨԴ£
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Ҷĳƺ󣬺֣ļ׵Ĺϵǳ˵Ҷ컹ҪһأϺռҶıˡ
ҶϰԼڽеĵλҲûƴǣ˵ɣҾͽϺˣҴʦ֣
꣡
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ʱĺȻŰ꣬Ƕļ̣Ϊ֮뿪˸׵ɽկصسȥˡ
ձռ˶ʡ֮ԭֻǳɽһԻĺƱɽԷΪ˾¾һٶˡ
Щ˴඼̾ڳɽԻϲοͣϲǹ֧ҩɽսǿκձ˽֣ʹԷʧء
Ʊ˵ãŰ˸ֵܴ뵽츮ϴһձУеĽϴһա
ձȫΧʱ򣬺ƱȴǶһ뵽ձӪѵʱǾӪоߵһλٽɱˣҳųдҵʱ򣬴ֵǰȻӳ˷졣
һ£ƱʱϵΪһʱ޶³׳Ҳձ˵ķΧˡ
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ձҺƱǻĶ͹ǼȴҲûѰǵӰ١
һܶĶ죬ѩѷɽľ飬СӸͽ˳ɽԺƱҲ˾裬ԭ˫ڸĳ˵ڡ
˭֪ǸڣƱڶֵܺȵĲֺʱһŵСȴկͽĴ£ɽ¡
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ʱĺ£ڻļǵãļҽУͽųƴ鶫޵ֵĸ׸סˣ˵ձΧɽж
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ҿļ磬СӵİΧûɣƱһٶֵƴɱ˳ȥ뵽ɽ
ǾһۣƱµֵȴ˴룬µĸףҲͻΧʱˡ
֮죬Ʊѳȥ֮󣬶ԹļȻǸж£ڰɽˮ֮Ѫư˰ӣƱҲ˹ί״
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ڹļҳɽ֮ʣĺ½˰ֵܣùļҰѶӴһλҽԶ
һֱձսͶ²ּ˸ףʱĺƱѾŹٽľˡ
ձ˺󣬺ƱʵڶԴսûʲôȤסһĹҲʱµĻһ̳λүүҽ졣
Ϻ㾹ȻʦԨԴ
½ҶѾͶղ£ˣǰɱӿսĹ£Ѫڣ޼ûǸ
ҶԴʦ֣ҲǴе壬ΪСܵĽԹǺܸðԭȶԹļҵҲЩΪȻ
ǽҶ֪ڹΣѵʱԼʦֲڰ칫ʩԴںСձƴģ
ǰ嵱걳ѩ죬߳ӣҺ͸ûˣ
µ۾Щ죬ɽ֮󣬹ļһסһ£ûΣղȥģߵʱ򽫸ʮС㣬
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ҵֻԸϰ䣬ԸȥѧҴҪҪ´޾ⳤ̾һ
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£Ҷ˵ϺȻҴʦԨԴҵӦҲ֪İɣ
µ˵ͷ˵֪˵һģִԭţ
ұµģδûܼ̳Ҷʵ
ʱ򲻶°ЩƵָһƣ˵˸ɽ֮顣
֪ԼҴģǻֻ򣬶Щʲô񻭷֮һȤûУƱŹѧ˵Ƥë
˽ź󣬺ƱĹ٣˸ٱ˳֮ӽɽֱʮȥҲûɽȻܼලϰˡ
ȵǳʷǰ˶ϯȫʱ򣬺µȴ¼Щһѻȫյˡ
ԴˣҵĴУҲںµ϶͵ˡ
ȻººڲѣЩճ˻ҽҲ޿κΣƾѧõҽգһС
ԺȻ֪ţҲһЩŵԼѾų֮ˣ˴ŮҲΪ
ºȻһ£һץסҶ֣˵Ҷ죬ܾɶһܾģ
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뵽ᵽŮЩ񣬱ɤŲԾֱ˲١
˵үٳСûˡ
һԱܲ˵˹ͷɤӲҪʦղֱһһȴеָˡ
û̸𣿡
һ۾ʱŵǸԱ˲ӣͳһǮ߰˰˹ȥٹҰˣ
ȻƢãҲǶ˵ģһ󣬶һɷģŵǵҽǮûٶ˵ʲô
Ҷ죬ȥ壬һܾСɵģ
߷Ա󣬺Ҷ찧ϰȥǼ£ͶϱϵǺܺãΨϻТ˳Ůĵĺܡ
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ҶȰο˺һ䣬ȻһתʵҿСЩ߲֪γɵİûЩһµĻСȻǲˡ
СɰʱĺɸģҹδǺɷ
Ҷʻ󣬺ѵõĺҲⱲΨһһʩɹȴҲû뵽һΡ


401 
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ԺҶĵһͨµˣִɵҶ첻ʵкɣ
ҡҲֻܸ֮оһӰʱС˺ɻ壬ʹû
ҶѯʣҲ˵һⶼ겻ϰںȴѾˡ
ȴ˵ܹһ˽뵽վӪɱλٽ٣ȫƾеĶûмҴҲټ
Һ»ۼʩǻѾʮĸڳɽɵԳһ㣬ʵú¿۽硣
¹ŮʵûҶȥڰ˵Ҷ죬Ȳ̸㿴ܲܺϵһ£鷳˼һ˰
֪ļѾѮ˵ӦԼ⵱ȥͷ밲ģΣҲ˲ôˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ϺҸղž͸ʦִ绰ˣߵҲǺϤʵһġ
ǡСǣ
Դ󾪣ļҶû취ĻϿҲûܾȵŮˣ϶ʱ¶˵ɫ
Ϻҵ˼˵ʦһģûԼ˼ҶظһղŵĻ
Ҷ죬㡭˵ܾȵСɣغˣһؿҶ죬мֲš
ļҵлԼĸףʩչסСӣЩǺ۵üģǸӢ޵еˣʹȥʮʱ䣬˲ĥӡ
ǰҶ첻ʮͷ䣬һ˿ۣζ޷ӡеϵ
ûаٷ֮ٵİգһԣ
Ҷ쵽Ҳ֪Сɾ˺ҲֻлһԣԲҸ´Ʊ
һ£Ҷ˵ϺҾŮҪ
˵ֻҪܰ쵽ʮУ
æӦ빶ļԨԴҶҲн飬ȻܰװԼæˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵һʩʱ򣬷ڳ㣬ˣǺͲˡ
û⣬Ҹ϶ǸϳȥӲСӻΪЩĳ˰
ҧҧΪŮǺͶϱҲҪ֤Ҷʩʱܵš
ǺãڶҪһ÷ݵĸҵ𣿡
ʦֵ˵ҪݵĸĥɷۣȻһȼûⶫҶʩչлЧôġ
ݣʲôһ㶣ûֶ
㲻֪ҶҲ¶˾ɫʦ˵ؽӦзݵġ
ҡҡͷ˵֪˵˵״԰ɣĶкܶзġ
ֲӦʮֵһ֮䣬״ֶ̣ϸƤҺɫҶƬ״ԲΡⶫ＾ͷ״ܰƬ㣬Σɫ΢ϣԵ״ɫϺҲ֪ôˣ㿴ֲ𣿡
Ҷãļڵ绰иһ鷵ݵ˿̾һֲ©ת˳
ϸϸһ룬۾Ȼ˵ⶫ¿а˰УܼЩ
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⼾¿а֦ҶήˣҪҸǲס
˵Żüͷڴ¿аֵ֮ʣںܶطܿ
ʱѾ붬ˣɽɰ֮⣬ľǹͺͺģЩݱֲֻʣ¸Щ鷳
Ҷ죬ҪϾͻɽһ죬磬Ҿܴŷݻ㿴ô
ΪŮҲ˲ôˣ٣ҲҪⷵݸҵ
ϺҲû£Ҫһȥһ˰ɣ
ҶԼڲҲģ䲡ǸŮǲźȥɽתһȦء
Ҷ죬ɽɲߣڳﳤˣȥ²ϰߵġҡͷҶŵѰҷݡ
Ҷ쿴˺µ˼ʱЦ˵ϺҿɲǳﳤģéɽεˣСҰ
ǳɣھߣ
ǸƢϵƤ¿ڴͳٿǮϣҶ߳ݡ
ӹرС֮󣬺¾ͳסڳɽ棬ɽ֣ϽɱҰ󣬺¾;ȥһЩҩģϵǲȱǮơ
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Ҷ챾ŻҽԺһģû뵽ֱӾͱֻܿЦõóֻŴ˸绰
Ȼ֪ҶôͺСɵүүһȥˣ֪ѵı£ûеģֻҶע㡣
ݣҶ𳵷ɻͷһ⣬ź޲м档
вǺܴ󣬰Сʱͳ˳ǣȳﻹ˼֡
Ҷ죬˲ð
֮󣬺ºҶһһڳԯϣ˼һ𣬺²ŷҶǼп棬ֻһĳ¡
Ҫ֪ɽٽʮһµ¶ȣѾˣǺ£Ҳ˼Ŀ磬ҲǵסϺġ
ʱ²ԼСҶ죬Ĳ˵Ҷ⺮ֵĹ򣬾ԼԶԶȲϵġ
ҶЦЦ˵һԵðˣϺжòܵסĵط
ʱѾɽ·߶ǰֵСϵţڳһ㣬˶ڶ¡
ޣָǰ˵ǰǸֳ߰СʱͲˣֳģҪȥ
˵䣬ǰС·ÿһԭľֳǰ
үСû°ɣôôͻˣλСֵǣ
ͣһʮӭЩֵؿһԱߵҶ죬ó̷˺ºҶһ֧
СѾͷӲµģҲ飬ǳҵ̴ɡ
°˻ȥ˵γСɵͬѧҽɽüƿƸң
үϣͷҪǴӣҪⰡ
ɽסʮֳ꣬ʲôĶȥԵܺãλγӦһƿƳ


402 
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ɭֺéɽĴȫһֲĴ಻ɽéɽûеģһԭʼĸо
Ϻ˵ǹôܴأͨס·ϣҶںš
ǹԶˣڳɽģ˭ûǹܽס𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ɽӶֺ࣬ôܲ㳢⡣
ðֻϻźء
ҶûʲôҰĸӰͿʼéɽϵĶˣһЩԭéɽΧ洦ɼĺСǱҶϵéɽ
ϻɲˣ굹ǲ٣ֻǶȽϽƻƤʮǰ򵽵ء
˵ԼϵĺƤ磬һԺиƤë˿֮ʮԪһֱûġ
ȻһصĶԿȫһֱΪءĻ
һкǿıܹ˲ʱһʱڿϱٶĶԱ࿹⡣
ɽΧԻ˭֪ɽл꣬ûһԵµ׽ֻ꣬˺ܴĺ䶯
Ҷ뿪Ц˵Ϻµŷɵģǣֲ벻ء
ô˵ˣҶ˵˻֮󣬿ϱɫԼҲһ㶡
汻˵ˡ
³̾һ˵ԴӴֻ꣬ǰõһЩ򵥵ʹòˣҪȻϰ飬Ҳڡ
ϰ֮˴඼Լᶨ֮µֻҲûźԼɵͨʲôϵѾţ֮ɱˡ
Ȼ沢ûʲôɹ飬һǳȴҲʩչˡ
ã˵ˣǿҵݣ˵Ϻɽֲﶼήˣ㻹ҵ𣿡Լᵽ˺µ£Ҷæ˻⡣
ܣҼǵ÷ǰɽɽϪԱߵͳ¿аˣǹȥһھ֪ˡ
ºҶ춼ǳɽ·ˣȻ˵Żŵһ㶼СʱѾɽİɽҲǺµļˡ
ľͷľݻΣмһԺӣľݵܣһդդϹһЩСȴʾҰ޵ġ

һ󹷷һëϹԺӵդ˳źҡβͣ۾סҶ졣
ΣյԤ֪ҪԶԶسֻ࣬ϻƹɽıҰǶԵһʱͷҶȵѪ
Ļƹͷ˵ƣĿˣѺõ㣡
ءƺµĻƹзһñҶᣬתܿˡ
𿴴ǸƤɽϵҰǶҧġ
Цƿľդ˵Ҷ죬ɣʰԵģٺȵ㣬ͷסСݡ
ľݷֱǺºŮס⻹һǷģʱ·Ҳޡ
ɣطԭʼ
ǰһжҶ˵ǺʵģľݵľͷŸɱƤԭ֭ԭζԭʼĽ
ҶһֻصԭʼĸоǰԼǻˣªںʹȻſ
ԪҲֲú⼰ڣҹء
Ҷ˿ؼԪȻĺԺǰ񣬵ȴʮֵĴ˿˿뵽Ҷڣʱоһˬ
Ҫ֪Ԫɲ޵ãͨԪĵطľˣ嶼ᱻ޲֡
ֱˣ˾סЩΪŹ۵ˣǱĬжЩԪˡ
Ҷ죬ԷɣɫˣҪȻҽӸֻԡ
µҰһЩɵҰζ³˼˺кҶӱϡ
𣬺ʮȵյӣź½߼ʮǰ飬ż߻ɽҰǵĺЩڳ᲻ġ
Ҷûùȥƾһҹȵ˯ر㣬ڶһƿľţ紵ϣΪ֮һ
Ժ׼ţҶкҶ죬ˣȥأ
Ϻһźﰡ±ǹֽһѺ˱Ҷ첻Щ֡
Цɽϰ鳣νɽɳȥӡ
鳣ʲôҶһ¡
ǵз˲ΰһźȥһݵģ֪ˣɽϵϲԽԽˡ
ݵҰɽΣҶʵϺǮģ
ư죬˵ǸϿͻյģû˼̧ۡ
򣿣
ҶҲܺѾʮˣֱӾͲ㿪ˣ˵Ϻⲻǰܼ𣿰ϲζ߰˰ˣݵ͸˰
ҶǰʱѩѩͨʱԶӱǸҩгҰɽζԲˣ㻨ǧңͻ˽һǧ
°ѸݵϲҶǽһ۰Ҫ֪±˵ϰϲΣǼʮĶˡ
Ҳ֪Ǽ۸ĵˣҪôǮҲûã϶ԷϿͣ͸ˣҶ죬Ҫ˲ã
ǰҶʵǱȺ¸һģȻԲѷͷҲһƢûУ˭ҶʦֺԼǺѪƵİֵء
Ϻ⻰ʵĶʰ˲εЧöϰ֮û𣿡Ҷû˵
ǳɣҲٶˣ壬⻹мʮϵģҪõϣҶɳ
оĲɲˣǲ˲ξͲɵģģò֮󣬻ԱǺţȵõʱŻȥɡ
ãʱҸʶһ¡
ҶԵ˵ҲаٰʮˣûɲεḶ́ôһ˵Щ⶯
˵Żľݣƹǰҡβʹ·ܿͷɽ
ɽɭֱïˣڳƬİп⻻֦Ҷïļͷһ˿ⶼ
Ҷ죬㣡ոմһƬ֣ͻȻͣס˽ţҶҲĺ¸סˡ
ôţ˲Σ
Ҷһ·϶ڶҳһ˲ֻʱ˲οļڣֻиڵ£ԶҶֵܷġ
ҡҡͷ˵ǣǰ塣
ǰ˼彫ֲ˿ҶУһ¶һĶڡ


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ĳ֣˵ЩѾצ뵽˺µĵ̣ǣŮ¾Բưոݵġ
Ҷ죬ԵһᣬҰӸϣ
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ǣŮȻÿһȥѩϥǣߵȻܿ죬ÿһƬѩӲѩ˳һ·
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ܴһͨʦߵһҲ֪вүүЩϲԼķ֣үүǷǳصġ


406 л꣨У
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ãǾ͸۸ģˣҶ죬ʦֽʲôְ
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صҶſס˺ˣ˵ˣʱܱŵģϺһ°ɡ
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´ӦһҿһֱۣߵߣǴͷᵽűߣȻһƨ档
ϺҪʮ꣬һ׼󣡡
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ЦҡҡͷҶùµİһƾƺ˳
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Ҷ۾ںСɲĵϥнָϵСɵϴȥͬʱзͳĺŮԻСɣ⣡
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Ҷͳħһ㣬źСɵһƾ͸뵽޾ҹɫ֮У·ѰԼɢĻǡ
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һһҹĴѩɽ˱ѩ֮Уھסʮ๫Զɽ´һסʮ໧˼ҵСׯ
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Ҷߺڴˣһ۾ϳеᦣеǸϣдźСɵ֡
ˣںžƣɽеҰζмһɼ׵γеķ
үҾһ룡
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Ϲӵĸ̫ãƱ֮뵽˹ľǻûʸȥ̨壬ź˽ҷٳ˸ǹе³
ʱϹȻʮ䣬ųɽǲ˵ģʮϹҲڳɽټ
ֻԴӸױǹУϹӵƢͱЩŹ֣֪ѧƽԵҲʹôǶԶ֮
֪ϹǹҪ˵ⳤɽԲ˭ܺͺ࿹⣬ΨϹһˣŰˮ
ӱͲǶԶȥġϹһҾ¶Ǻ󣬷˸ۣͰӶ࣬һǿˡ
үɽҲмʮˣӿѲסɣ
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Ϲӣȴɴ˼˺Ʊһң֮¶ͺԣټĳɽû˲֪˲Ըġ
壬壡ȡ˵ʱݽǵһͻȻ޷


408 
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ԭһŹ衼˹άϹӣɫȻһ䣬͵վ
үôˣ
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409 ת
ʦȻ̣ճ̶ҪǹڣϹӽϺҶôԶĻղһҪ
ʹˣϹҲùǱͷײһ㣬ڵϽŻѪ
ƾϹ״̬޷ɽǿԴָŹϷ˵衣Ǹҩ
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˺õ㣬ĲǸˣϹҧгݵشǸСӣʱһŨҩζ˳
СֻҪһһԼʮֵɽΣȴֻʣһ룬ϰشиһ뱻м
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֧ɲΣ衶ʱզ಻ѣֻʣһ룬ıƺ˼
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ϹӲ˫óһСǿɽһƬУһ֮֮
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ʱԶڳҽԺҶҲܣվûľ磬ղһʶͷųȥ֮ȴûջ
ʶɢҶһ̶ϵķɣԭɫҶ죬ͻȻɫɷף˼Ρ
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ҶڲĶʱЩЦãҲʮˣôƢȶʮͷСӻҪ𱩰
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˾ǿ˺СϺظ֮룬ȴҶ֮ǰĻȷڸСɽĵġ
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ããҡȥ
ĸӦȴûжǶҶĻôţۿŮѹ
ҶҡҡͷҲû˵ʲôߵСߣ磬ĽСϵȫȡ
˾ס˺۾һգգض˺Сɵϣԭ˯ĺСɣëͻȻһ۾֮ˡ
Ժת˹Сɿѩ׵컨壬ʵҡﰡ


410 
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Ůĸһӳ嵽˴ǰһڣ͡žµŮ⼸죬ɰ尾Ĳᡣ
һѶϱ˵ˣСȥɣţҺһȥȳﻹиòΣҲȥҪ
ⳤɽĲɲˣϻоĴģϹӵǰϲΣֹһˡ
˵ȳӣҲǳɽһλĲɲˣɲεʱˤϹȣκ֮Ҳһȳһյģôš
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İ˲ΣǺ´ȳְҪģһٶϲΣֵġ
֣ԺٴЩɣڹҶҰﱣԽԽˡĺ˵ĶԻ̲ס˵һ䡣
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Ҷ콫ҰСĵģϸҲǵһμ˲Σǰĸɲλкܴġ
Ҷܸо˲֮е֭Һ̺żľЧԶɹ֮ϲοġ
ǹɵζҶһֽ֮о׽ĳ嶯
˵ᲹͷҶԣԲ鲻ܲôһ˵ģƷҶϲθҶ쵱ԣЩؾҲתھġ
Ҷ죬úˣСı۶˸롣
ʱҲع˲ýҰҪ鿴ȴǻͷʮİȥ
Ϻʲô
ҶЩŤͷպһͿµֳצһץǿøߴİϡ
һһƤ˺ְǿϵĻѩ¹˺һ˻
Ҷ죬鳸ҡ
ûҶ쿪ѯʣ¾ҪǸҰΣƤҶ췢֣ƤﻹһЩ̦͸õ
ִӱ﷭һľУСĵذƤϲη˽ȥЩ󣬲ų˿
Ҷɻ񣬺Ц뿪ܿøɱģƤ̦סᱣ֤ľй
治٣Ҫ˵ֱӳԵԪ͵ˣ
Ҷ촽ɲ˲٣ʵҰΣҶ컹ûԹǸҰӴľҶֱ
Ҷ񣬺̲ס˺һľб˻˵ﰡʮƷҶѾˣǿԵõġ
νֻʣһʱ򣬽ϲгƬ״˺ţеľͿ˶һʱ䣬Խԡ
Ŵܶլ󻧼жϲϲΣǳԵˣֻǰҰɽεִѾǿˣʮݵǿҲá
Ҿ볢ζѡ
ź·һؿԼҶ㬵˵ϺΧв˲Σֻûִ֧ҪҪڳ
ͨӦҶ֧ܲƷҶΧʮ׵ĵطһЩ̺žؾ֧˲εˡ
˵ڣ͸ɽҰɽεӰɣƬɽֿǻҪأҶĻ󣬺¶ʱЦ
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415 ܼ
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ҶеķʸֻڿܴҰɽεĵط̽һ£˲ûҵܱˡ
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ûϹѧʶֻǸλҽүүѧġ
Ҫ˵˲κҽѧʣ۳ɽҪԳƵڶû˸Կһġ
Ҷָƽ´Ķ֣ʵ˵Щ鲰ɣ
ԣ·˲εļʺܴ󡣡
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ڳһ֧˲κҶȤ޲Ͼҵһ֧ǧϲΣȲĴߴٵ߰ɣȥ˵ƷҶ˵Ҿҵ֧˵еƷҶأ
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С㣬ҿ
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ЦǹУһǹȥֻûˣⶫʹ
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ںˣҶͬʱҶһҪġ
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ź»ûҶһתӱͳǸľУ֧˳
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ꡱһڣҶͰ֧ƷҶĸҧһ룬Ųһ룬Ƕ˷
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һ˲֧УҶʱоһԴɬζУͬʱһ˳źֱظ֮䡣
ҩԱȸɲҪǿٱ
Ҷ첻ҵֱϥѩϣתôԪɢھ̫ϧˡ
Ҷԣʮɽ̺ľ˵㣬һǰеľȻմˡ
ﴩһƣҶ֮ǰĵʶȴȫ˻վҶֱоˬ
Ҷ죬ǰ鳸ˣ⡭ⲻǰܼ𣿡
Ҷոһֻӵ¸ϻĺ£ŵϿտҲľУʱᡣ


416 ·꣨ϣ
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²ɲʮ꣬˸˵ãûԹ˲εģǸоԼ򲻹Ҷ죬ֵ˼ˡ
ϺȱǮ𡣡źߵӣҶͻȻȽ
ҶҪˣҪǮʲôûش
ҶһĴȣ˵԰ֲȱǮҪأ˵ˣΪܱϰȥ
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Ҵӹ˲ⶫͲͨ˼õģű˸߼ȥҶоԵʵء
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ƺо˺µĵ⣬ֻзһ֨֨ɿʧ֮ˡ
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ҶЩΪȻ˵Ϻ㲻˵ˣǸ˽ɽҩõ
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ֻǱϹһǹŵģӵǴ۴ȥģƤûһףëû˵ƷĻƤгϼ۸񼫸ߡ
Ϲӵɫǰ࣬ҡҡͷ˵ɽߣܸоЩԾ϶˵׷ɽˣ
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417 ·꣨У
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Ҷ죬ңʱҲôɵģ
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ڽ֮Ҫ׽˷ɺƱҲЩ¸ѹȥһʱɽ˾½
µ˵ͷ˵ԣҪǷǰҷǰϹӵƤˣ֪ƻɽصĺ
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418 ·꣨£
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420 
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422 
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ҪϹӴʮ꣬Щϱ˵ĹأҲΪˣϹӺ֮ǣ˸Ҳûн͵ˡ
ȻеϻʹҲ϶ּᣬͲΪܸоõϹϵƺš
¸оˣһԵҶҲĲϹŵǹһֵַţӹϹҲͺͳˡ
Ϲɫһ䣬ɫغϴ㲻Ҫ̫
Ϲϰүүģʱλսйֵ֮ʱ
Ϊ˱ԼѪϹӵүүûöϰ˽͵̵Դسɽ
ֻʱйҲûһϹӵĸǺͺƱɽˣǹںеҲûôҴ
Ϲӵĸױǹ֮󣬼װӵؼҲյһ䣬һȴǵڴ±ǸϹӴӲƤĺϽ塣
ɽ˻ǱȽӵģûΪϹӵĸױǹжСʱҲѧһżȻĻᣬǸӡ
֪ʶϹӿһȴţȻѾȱȫϹӻѧҲźܴȱݡ
ǾάֵʱƵģһ˵ֻάϵСʱ֮쳣
ʱʧʱͿ쵽ˣϹӲŻԺ·˫۾ͬʱı߳ţȴ׼ˡ
ܣ°ɣ
Ǻεˣһ۾ͿϹӵ˼ٲԣϣһ˫ʯӥצϹӵҪȥ
Ҷ쿴ϹӵĽѾЩƮˣºϺӰѾ첻ˣ
ģܲģ
ºϹӽһȭʱеԷзһӥĽһצϹӵĺץȥ
պµ뷨Ϲӿ϶ܱܹһצȻԼ˫磬ֻúû뵽ǣϹӵȴͻȻһץ˸š
´СˮץľϰӥצԴһľͱһצȥƥڴϸҲһץϣο˵Ĳء
ڸղűˣ´ʱֶȫԸҲû뵽ϹӾȻˣ͸ָ⣬ȴôղˡ
šꡱһ죬ϹӵĲһץ֮£ͻȻǿͷ­વһ۾ﻹŲŵɫ
ϹҲû뵽Ȼؿڣϵ˲ȥԭ֣ǺµĶ֣ⲱȴӭӥצȥһ㡣
Ϻ㡭ôͰץ˰
ҶҲû뵽ʤֵ֮죬һԵǲˡ
ϹӵҶ첢ôϣǶϹӵĴУȴοһ£ô£
ϹһǴҲ͸ɢˣҶЩʧ䣬ŽӴ˾һ֧
ҡҲû뵽ôͲѽ
һĿЦɿסϹӲӵ֣ǾѾûϢ壬ͨһԵ˵ϡ
µʱѾֻû뻯ָⷢİȴ޷ջˣûץסѪѾǸϹȫʬ
ˣЩʲôɡ
Ҷ̾˿˵ϺյѻȥǼûȻȻҲҪģ
¶ʮȵ£°СʱܽϵѪȻ˵ǼﲻҶҲ·
Ĺ衺ͱе֮⣬ϹӽɽľֻʣˣһһҶ콫ӵ˺ȼԡ
һƤҶֵҶ죬Ϲҳġ
Ƥ⣬лһֻʣĴָСҰɽΣ֮ǰƤȴǲټ
Ϻ滭ŵͼҶӹƤϸһ̧ͷ˵ƤƵĺûݰɣ
ǣƤʮ꣬ͼȴе˼
µ˵ͷŵͼϵ·˵߾̶ͨģҲվط㣬
ָķ򣬺ȻʮһұڣҶʱϹӵʱұǰվŵġ
йŹ֣Ҷͺ¶һۣͬʱ˹ȥ
ţⲻϹõǹ𣿡Ҷһߵ˸һ۾ʱֱˡ


423 ж
ҶҲǰƤĵȴû½ôһ˶סˡ
Ȼһ
̺ŵҶһ¾Ͷ϶ƤǼɣֻǲȴЩ죬Ҷ֪ȫͬ
˵Ԫָؼе֮ԲմߣǸһĹӵĸо
һƤģľͷģȴͭɵģʮֵĳء
ڹϻԿһЩͼһȺ²ԭʼˣƺڼʲô⻹һЩľΡ
ŲԶĻ⣬ҲҶе˵Ҷ죬ôˣϹӵģܸղŶİɣ
ڼʮǰ¾ͼͭģ֪ϹõģһֱϹӶӰ룬о֡
еŹ֣еķЩͬǰˣҶ첢ľΪС
̵ķ
Ź֣һҡҡͷӸҶ죬˵ⶫòҶþŰɣ
ã⵹ǿо¡
ҶʳָڹᵯһǣƵ֮𣬡ƤҲƤϺ֪ʲôƤ𣿡
֪ƤӦЩͷˣҲ˵ʲô
ҶЩǣɽϤޱȵĺ£ȻҡҡͷƤһ֪
Ӧ̴Ķ
Ҷģ˼һ£ʱһֺضƵɽ
ͬʱǹӹӵϢƺҲȥҶʮ׵Ȼúͭôơ
ֻû೤ʱ䣬ҲǼӵĹЩɢҶعʱؼָֻ˳̬
Ӧӳ֣ܽЩϢνʵеЩǴӺζأ
ͭģҶ뵽˳˼֮У뵽Ϲ֮ǰĳǻҶ͵һЩǽŹķ
ֻϹôһҲʧˣⶫʡЩƭġǷ⹦ЧҶͲö֪ˡ
Ҷ죬⻹иҼϹǰŹ
Ҷ̽ͭĵİʱµУһӤȭͷСһҡ塱Ĵ졣
⡭⾹ȻҲһ
ҶĴԶЩ·ˣжѵһķȻ
ûãŰɣ°Ҷ졣
ùһҶ¶һ˿ɣ˵ϺлǵãҲܰɵһЩɷʴںСɵķУкܴôġ
ϽƳģҪͭĲԶˣ̺ȻҲǼ󣬵ҶУļֵȴԶͭˡ
еõͭģҶѾǳˣò󣬺Сʧȥ˲پڷУ塣
ŶĹЧҿˣСɾǺµͷ⣬ҶĻҲûƴǣ˹ȥ
Ϻ˵ղϹվʲôأ
ʰͭĺҶվʲϹվĵطǰһ͹ʯ֮⣬ǻѩͱĵطûκε
Ҷ죬ãȴǿһ˿ԣҶÿǰұô
ˡˡ
²ǿ͹ʯϵĻѩһЩʸĿ֦ôסұں󣬾Ȼûľϵġˡ
ǿյģҶͺһ㶣ͬ˵ѵиɽ
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пͨɽ¶֮һů洵˳û־òĸζ
ߣȥ
ﱻõټϹ֮ǰΪҶԶ϶ӦϹӵһˡ
ҶûϹӴнɽΪǰǸɽկĿģҪɽ֮УڳɽصһѨ
֮Ϲӿٵ˦Ҷ죬Ҳ֪Լܳ־ã޷ɽ²ú׷ɱܰ
ΧתһȦ֮Ϲðջصɽֻû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻϢӦټνǻ㾡̫
Ҷ죬ȵȣ׼һٽȥ
ȻⶴڵĲÿ϶Ϊģ֪ϹΪ˽թ˵沼ʲôء
»ص𴦣½ѾӲʬҲߣȴȻͷʱڸ
һʬ˺һ·׵Ļѣ˳ԲѵͷһǣȷСʱڶѣźҶڡ
Ϻǰ档
ҶΣĸӦҪԶԶ£֮ǰͷųûдɽеΣյĴڡ
ȼѺһҶһ׼Ķ˽ȥ߰켸׺Ҷͷˣ˵Ǹɽ˵ǸɽΪǡ
Ϊɽխ߶ȴ׵ӣҶ쾡ֱ壬ͨһЩطʱȴҪոܹȥ
;һЩطпʯеĺۼؾϹǰµˣԾ̫ܲߣҶǿܹȥ
֪γɵɽҶ߰˷ӹӦҲʮ׵ľˣǰȻûеס
ţϺоûУ¶ȣôడ
ӣҶȻоһȻѾﵽֵľ磬и֪ġ
ıѩȣ¶Ҫʮ˾Ŷϣ˸մӿẮйҶһֱĸо
ǣˣĪɽͨɽ¸ܸԣźƤͷѾðȺ
Ҳ԰ʹɽ¶ҲôߵģǡȪ
ǳɽﳤˣ¶Գɽĵ˽⣬ҪЩѧһҪ͸һת뵽ֿԡ
ɽһƬ󺣣ڵؿǵˮ˳ر¶ˮ棬仹ʮεĻɽɴ˲ٿɹϴԡȪ
ֻЩȪ඼ھ溣һǧ׵ĵطҲҿ϶ɽһȪĴڡ
»䣬ǰҶͻȻЩֱܼѵŤ˲ӣɬ˵Ϻµû
Ҷǰ֮¶һڣһǹӶȻǱж졣


424 Դ
ߵλãҪ΢һЩҶ࿪壬úºԼվһ
⡭ʲôطΣҲסˣǰľɫһδġ
ɽԼʮҵľ룬ؿľɫ
ڶǰģ°ݽȥɽȣǧƽ״СΧͱڣɽȸ
гͰĹȻ˹ӣ̲ݳ۵üĻҶ˼һ㡣
ɽȵм䣬һԲ߰ʮ״СȪӿݣ˹ˡ
ɽȷգ¶ȼߵȪɢڿȻǴ̹Ǻ羡棬γһصĵռ䡣
ǹֵԱߣһľ׮ԽһҵľݣûаȥƤȪ£Ȼɫ
ͷϿȥͱеϻǰѩμأ˲ò̾Ȼ֮棡
Ҷ˷ܵǣɽ֮е쳣ĳԣҷǳĴΪĲһ󷨣˴˵һ㡣
ϺӦþϹӲĵط˰ɣ
ǰҶģСӵǻطҲ֪Ѱģ
ӽʱǸںۼԿӦǺСģϹӵĸͨطҲŲΪ֪Ĺ¡
ʵϹ׷һ׺׺붴оͲˣϹڶ壬Ⱥ죬û׺ٳ
ϹӸо֣첻ԶǺҲˣʹ󶴿˽ȥӶһԴһĵط
ԺϹӾͰΪԼصһأڹв޽ľݣ˴ʳʣǮƣҲ档
ֻϹӺķ˽ʮ֮òŲúõİ֮ȥȴûκε壬˵װױҶˡ
ܵŨҶҲ̲סˣһѺ£˵ߣȥ
Ϊ˽㣬Ϲɽұϴľ׮һľݣ˳ľݶµɽ֮С
̲ݵϣŽµ뵽ɽ֮ĴѩɽＸͬɾһˡ
ΧȪܣɽ髡⨺һжϵĹӸ֮󣬽ƬһƬγһõ̬
Թԣˮôô̰
ҶߵȪߣڳ¶ȣһŽȥæذ˳ղûţֱѾͨһƬ
ҲѧҶַŵˮ¶ȣ̧ͷЦҶ죬ⳤɽȪ󼦵̼죬ˮ¿¶߰ʮˡ
Ҷ쿴Բεɽȣ˼˵ǰӦǸɽڣֻΪֱЩұڸأ
ôأҶ죬ߣȥϹӴ￴ȥ
ȴûҶ׷Դ뷨ɽ澰ڶ֮࣬ѾǼ߲ˡ
ľ֮ǰȴ¶֮ɫָЩľͷ˵ˣҶ죬ɶǺľ
ϹȻﻨ˺ܴľľõľģȴɽеĺľ
ľʵʮֵļӲ͸ʴԼãʹⳣɽУҲױθʴ
Ҫ֪ľһ㶼ؼҾߺ͵̹ƷģǰľݣȻȫúľ޽ģ棬һľݶֵǡ
ϺϹӲȥľǿϧˡҶԺľѹûʲô˽⣬ֻǸоľ޽ĺܲ
߰ɣȥľͷݣҶһƿľš
̶ԭǳɽеһأ˵ˣǶҲи˴ģϹӸûвʲô壬ûװ
ľһΪ䣬ÿ䶼ͨģмһŰһŴͷиľһú͵ƣǽϹһǹͿ
ȼú͵ƺ˿ڴ棬Űڰɫľ䣬෿ҶڵҳǺܶ࣬Ϲǰû
ƿţһʳζ˵ıУЩʳִϴʵʵܵ⳱ʴ
ʳ֮⣬һȴǷ˷ɵ⣬ˣظһⶼ
һҪǼ겻ȥҲ
ʣҡҡͷǲǴ֮ˣôںƽʱڻôĹȥЩ
ʲô
ҶߵǰһӣͬǺľƵģɽԭĺϹӸˡ
ôǮ
һҶ̲ס˾ֿڣԼʮֳԼһ׼ȫֽŵһոµİԪ󳮡
ЩƱ棬ķӲӵС㣬ⶫڽǰӲͨҲ֪ϹӴģ
ҶǮ뵽ߵĺ͸Ůױ㬵˵İ˵Ϻɽ˶ôǮ
ھŰᣬӵİңȥĸУҲܳƵǸˣϹҪ˵ˣƫƫֻһɽˣĲƲ¶
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ⼸Ǯ׬㣬ʮǰʱ򣬼ʹڳϲҲǮġ
ڼƻõʱ˽ǲҩĵģһͶԲɲڳ˲εҩģֻܳ۸ңǼ۸͵˷ָ
ˣɽҩҲԵгһſǵˮǴߡ
ϹڳɽҲǳϲοͣڳıԲȺ٣ôǮ֮еġ
ҶһװǮƵǰ˵ϺǮҾͲҪˣĶҿ㲻ܺ
㵹ǲϳԿĶ±ЩֵǮɣЦҲΪ⣬ϹӱǱҶסģЩҶС
ϺⶫĻǼٵİȻ׼ǵҶһӵʱ򣬺̲סü
ֻĸմɹ֮⣬мһôȰĸ֥Ƥǳʺɫɫʮĳȼﵽ˰ס
ڵҴ˵У֥֢书Ӧ飬ͨЧ֥ҩҲ˳֮Ϊ֥ݡԪҩУ϶Ҫõⶫġ
Ȼˣ֥ݴңǺˣҶ죬ĶҪ֥ضˣ
ڳɽ˶ԣ֥ȻҲȽϡУɽвټµȴǽضסմɹӡ


425 ջķ
Ϻ⼸װĶ˲ΰɣôôţ鷳ء
Ҷͷų΢΢һӦͲ˹ÿﶼһ֧ɽΣҪԶԶԼ˵һ֧
Щܲᱻ߷ùʵģϹĵģ
뵽ʬɽϹӣ̲ס̾˿ⳤɽϹҲһˣԺͲɲεı죬Լ֮µġ
ʶʮ꣬ȴǵԼϣǿϹܵЩҩʱͷӿһ˿˵ζ
ôི
Ҷҡҡͷеһմɹӣһϴסĺӣ滹һֽֽһɫʯҡ
ֽǺ˳ϴҶŷ֣˲滹һֽ
Ϻ˲Ҫܣ
뵽ĺԺⷿõЩ˲ΣҶ첻ղѣ˼֧ϲαղĶڿⷿġ
ҶĺԺµլëͷСһ棬һЩóϵǲڣҲٲ˳ҧ³
Ȼˣְ취Ҳֻܱꡣ
°˰˵˿򿪿ϹܲĶ϶˵ģ
ͬΪɽĲɲˣϹӵֶҪȺ¶ˣԼڲλӱĲɲΣ۵ĴȻٲˡ
⡭ǸƷҶɣ
򿪰˲εİֽһ˲ε˱ǶҶЩǣ֧˲αŻ棬Ȼ˲εɡ
֧鳣¶ʱɫһ伱˵Ҷ죬㣬졭ϣ
Ҷ콫˲ηϺ󣬺Сĵ˲룬ᵽ˼㣬ʮӺ֧˲¶ȫò
˲εĸǲֻжָҿǲ뼫࣬һҵϣʱǲ룬ֵСָϸǷ˿һӡ
˰꣡ڰ˰ˣֻһƷҶȫԳǲˣ
ڳɽһӵ˲ΣҲûƷɽḧŲ룬ϵı鼤֮
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ǲȻɹˣľ֧ʮݵ֮࣬ö
ҶĿתĳϵĲµɫʱЩѿæ˵Ҷ죬㲻ỹΰɣɲζɲð
ûء˵˼ҶһЦ˻Ϻǿ֧ɡ
֧ȻûݾãҲǰϵϲΣƷ༫ãŵ涼鱦Ǯ򲻵ġ
Ϻ˵˰ⶫɶˣ
Ҷ콫ϵĲ󣬽ŵľں۰Ͱ͵ĿУľһ
Ҷ죬ⶫҪð˴Σʱ˶ʱģ
̾˿ҶѪٽ⼸ϲθԵǿɾţĵˡ
ϺİɣЩϣȸôˡҶЦЦ˵ͷϼõҩ㣬ú֪ôˣ
ԪµĵУкüֵ趼ҪϵϲΪҩġ
⼸ֵҩ֮Чüã⼰ڵʦڵһЩм
ֻǺòҶһֱûܴҩģϲΣȴǿԽǼֲѪĵҩƳˡ
ɣǿ˵˰Ҷദôһʱ䣬֪۽ߣܱƳضǺöˡ
Ϻʲô
ҶһӣȴǰڷĸϺӣ͸ģԿװһЩɫƵĶ
ĸϺӣ¾ѩͣҲǺö̵ģϹҪɱ˶ֻܰ
Ҷ첻ӣ½͵ⶫҲҩģǴӶģɲΡǿ壬֮ɽѷɫġ
ѩ;ָɽͣܶͳɣɹɺǳѩ֮ͣ˿׳Ůܱա
ʱѩͼΪƷʮУڲĲƷ
ʮʱΪ̬񻯣Ĳ׽йܱǿ˶ܵı΢ֶһЩ
Ϲռôѩ֪ͣжˣЩѩͶƳɵģҲ֪Ϲӽʲô˼
ȿȡ
Ҷһѩ͵ĹЧʱһӸһϣ˵ϺҪⶫûðɣǼŮ˶࣬ɴ඼Ұɣ
ŮŮҲõġ
ĺöȴǲãЩѩɫƣƷõһ֣ƽʱ㲻ġ
ãĺøһУ˵Ϻ治Լסɽ
Ҷóһеݸ˺£ȻߵӵһףǴӽѩͺ˲ζŵ档
˭ӺöٰЩøСɲġǸֵߵĲ¿ãѩ˵þҪסˡ
ϹӵչһպҶ˵߰ɣϺǼСҲˣطɲ֪
߳ľݣɽеľҶЩҡҡͷɽ̫ƫƧĻﲼһ书ЧĺԺҪǿ
Ҫ֪ĺԺǿʹɷ֮ɵģվĴһ졣
ɽȪȴȻɵģ¾ϼ꣬иɺԵʱ
ﻹһѵĲڣ淸İӣصﶼԱݵģҶаˣ˵ܶԺɱġ
Ҷĺµļ˵Ϻͷڳڴٲһ£һ㣬һպʲô£ҲǸ·
޳˭Ҳ˵պᷢʲô飬ҶʦܵȨƵļɵ˵ʲôʱõˡ
֪İɣСɣҶġ
Ե˵ͷıйҪսˣнǴ˶Щ˵ĳǷǳġ
Ժ¾Ӱ˼Σ뷨Ҷ컹ҪǿңɽҲԼֻ֮ذˡ
ʱʱ䣬ɽѾһСʱʰö϶ڣ·˳ȥ
ţôѪζôŨ
ոɽҶüͷ̧ȥȻȼţֻԵļˣȴȫʧˡ
ϺǲȺɵģϵϣҶ쿴Ѫ¶ȽϸߣѪζ̱š
ȺҶ죬⡭ЩѪ̶ͨģϸΧһȻɷ


426 ̶
ǣ⡭ʲôģ
µĻҶĹâѩһʱҲѿ
ϹӼ˲ǱˣΧûд򶷵ĺۼѩȴһֱۣǳεɽ֮С
δ֪Ｐ̣϶⼸˵ʱƺȰ˺ҧıѪȻϽɽȡ
Դѵɽ⽫20׵ľڣѪһЩ࣬ʱѾӲˡ
ϺճҺҶ˳̽ѰѩĨһѣմһҺ塣
ЩճҺǳ͸״֪ʲôγɵģ¶ʮȵ¾ȻûбʵһԵظоһ
⡭ߵķģѡѵǴ˵ģ
źڶɽڣϺ¶һ˿⣬Ҳ鲻Խ˺üƺȿԽԶԽǰȫ
Ϻʲô˵ҶȻǹ񲻼ɵˣǼµӣвҲЩ
°˰ֱ֣һɲӵУյøһЩ֮ſ˵Ҷ죬Ҹ˵ɽи̶
ԭ⴦طȻ˼ʱ򣬻ɽеĲɲ˿ģһٶǰŹ˵Ĵ˵
ں̶峿ʱʧмɲ淢һЩҩģǴϲŶʧһᣬܽɽ
˭֪Ҫժҩĵʱ򣬴ɽмĺ̶УͻȻܳһ߷ߡϳһ˫צӵĹһȥͰһλҩҧϵˡ
ʱȥһɽˣӳֻˣֻеһȥŷˣ̶й˵Ҳɡ
ɽĲҩ˳ǧ̰ͼɽҩĵģҲ˶ǵ˵ΪȻء
ȥ˶ʮ֮һ֮˾γһʮ˵Ķ飬ٴ˺̶
ЩЯǹмŲõĴɽȴһҹ֮󣬵ڶһ磬ɽеĶιȻʧˡ
СĽ뵽ɽУһʼûκε󣬵͵̶ˮīڵˮ̶ʱͻȻˡ
ǰȫͬһˮͰϸĴˮ̶д˳Ѹײڶ֮ƾҧסһ˵壬ˮ̶
ٶ֮죬˸κεķӦǻع֮ˮ̶Ȼƽ˾ƺʲôûһ㡣
˶࣬ȻҲ׳˲٣˿һʲô
Ȼ֪ˮͬѾûдϣˣ˻ǽƵը뵽ˮ̶ˡ
ЩըǽҩŵһչȻÿɽĵ׹ܣȼӽȥġ
Ȼ취ըʮּªȴܴˮ̶ը󣬶ʱʮ׵̶ˡ
һӤһɫӰ͵شܳˮ̶βһɨͽ߸˴ˮ̶֮С
ǰΧ˹ЩˣҲǳɽ֣侪ңŻǹʹ˳ȥ
ȵɢЩȴȫۣΪ˵ϵ˼Ƭ֮⣬ǸǾĹϾȻһѪû
ۼ˿Ǿͷƺ͹һǾ޴ͷ·һ״ǳһצӣ֣õ̶ںͰϵˣʱ
Ҫ֪ʱȻ峯ѾˣںܶϰնԣȻһͼڴڣǰһĹʹ⡣
ֻЩ֮ǰľٶŭֻ˶еǹⱼܵʱֻͻȻ߸һڻɵ˳
Щļ죬Щ˸ոܵȿڣͱ׷ˣһ˻ŷ˵ϣûᣬѪⸯðȥ
Χ˹һȥʮ˸ˣֻһվڹȿڽӦ˵Ҵ档
ҲһЩǿϲεɽһλɲˣҲȥˡ
Ǽ֮󣬺̶ͳɽҩ˵ĽҲûһ˸ɽȣɽӣ˼
Ǹɽеˮ̶ҲʽΪ̶
ҲϹӷֵɽе֮ڶûб˷ֵҪԭˡ
Ϻ㡭𣿡
½ºҶɫŹֻ֣ǱĳֺͼڶѣĻĴڰ
Ҿÿܣ
ɫص˵ͷ˵ҸⲻԶӪկҲ̽Ѱһ̶ֻǲ֪ô£ɽеĶȴղɢҲֻܴ⡣
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ϺҾӦˮ㡣
Ҷ쿴ǰǻˣ֪ʲôأǺпܽϳŴ⡣
Ҷ֪ġܴĴ˵ȥĶԣʵһ㣬ֻ˼ʶ٣˹ϵѡ
㻹ǶǲҶ죬պһ죬Իɽɡ
ȻҲǵ֮¶̶ǾԶ֮ģµĺۼη塣
̶ŵĪһֻҪȻںƱΧʱЩλղɢ
Ҷǵһ̶Ĵ˵ɽеĹﲢǺη壬Ϊˣ˶ؾη֮⣬ܺǵĵˡ
Ϻȵȣҹȥ£Ҷ˵Żվֱɽȥ
Ҷ죬㡭ȥɲǿЦġ´󾪣æҶǰ档
ҶЦҡҡͷ˵Ϻû£ҾվӦһ£⵽ʲôʵĶ˵ˣǹӦҲǳԱˣԸҵġ
¼ԼȰҶ죬˵ǡҺһȥ
𰡣ϺУһ»׸أˣҰɣ
Ҷ˰֣ԼţǹӶܳҶҲܱ֤Լӳɽȵġ
һ˵ҶҲһǹ˭˭˵ء
ðɣСĵ㣬ôʹɽ˰
¿յҡͷ֮ǰҶĶţ˵ӡǳãɽ֮²ŷ֣СӾԲǸʡ͵ĵơ
֪ˣϺҲСĵ㣬ʲôԾͽӣ
ҶͷҲصİ˰֣Ҳûûѣûɽ֮УȴҲղˡ
Ҷ˵ɣжȴǲ˿Ĵ⣬ʶȫͷ˳ȥиǿס޺ۣʱ׼һ
εЩ֣澹Ȼ̺
Ȼ۾ҶʮΣһͷֳ߰˷ӺҶо˶εĴڡ


427 ϣ
վڶ֮߰׵ĵطҶ۾Щ壬˺һ֮Ҷ۾ȥ
߰׵ľ벻岽ѣܿҶû뵽Щɵ֮С
ʱҶĺѾȫתΪϢȣƺһεĻ֣ЩжԵȫ⡣
У״̬άϵʮӣǹ²Ķ֣
ҶȻ󣬵Ҳȥνðգ״̬ȴ˳ȥ߰˷Ӻ󷵻ص˹ȿڡ
Ҷ죬û°ɣ
Ź衵ǰ߾΢壬̽ͷ̽ԵɽпţҶæӭȥ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵û£ϺɽĶΣ³ģ
Ҷʦ˵֮⣬һЩͨĳЩǣĶͱ֮Ϊ
ֻЩͨĶֻ༸ƾĸӦǻΣգһ㶼㵽ɽ֮УΪ֪
Ԫһϴ̤ɽӣҲûмĴڣֻǴԼʦе֪ġ
ԾԪҲҿ϶ǷʱֻΪ½ģҶǻỹСͬǵ˹ġ
ʲ½˹Ҷ̽ǶΣ϶ɽصľ㲻Ҳһֻĸߵ
Ƕ֮ǲȻγɵģ˵Ҫ˵ɽڵɵ³ġ
˵ɽĶζǹ³ģǲǳɾ𣿡ȴǺѽҶĻӶ˳
һɱĲǻȴûɽ֣ҡͷԲôҶĻ
Ϻδؾûо֣
֮ǰҶҲǲЩģԼһֻͨԵѩ˴ⳤɽǼϹǹ
ŵͭģҶ춼ĥ͸һжڸıҶ֪
Ҷʱ룬˵Ǿ޻̸ֻ֮޷̶ֳȶѡ
ˣҶ죬Ҳô࣬˯һȥģ
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Ҷҡҡͷͬ˯붨һСʱܽһĵԪκεķ紵ݶҲĶĿġ
ðɣ˯°ҹң
һɽ·ϸǺϹභһұЩˣµѾ˼ޣٲϢҪŲȥˡ
ҲõŵµˣɵûᣬҶмһЩɲ񣬾˺µߡ
һҹҶҲûнѺ£ֱһ˿ߵʱ򣬺²Լת˹ʱȻֱվ׮
ȵ̫ԶɽʱҶſһ̣һĨ뵽˿У֮Ҷظֻһ㣬ͣĶš
һ³ͬһƥҶֱֱܳʮԶ۶ɢһԵĺĿɿڴʱ֪ԼҶ֮ࡣ
Ҷ죬㡭⹦򵽵ôİҶֶΣоԼ⼸ʮ궼׻ˡ
µĻҶЦϺ޵ǵҹѧģҲĽͷ⼸֧ϲ㵤ҩ֮ѧʣʱ˵޽Ǿûġ
֪Ҿѧ˼Ҵˡ°ղѣҶЩ¶ϰĽ
ҴвһǵҴеģģͬҲûõģҶҡҡͷȻӦæͷɽȥʱסˡ
ôҶ죿¼ҶͻȻͣס˿ڣҲ˳Ҷȥ˵һĻȴô˿ˡ
ĳɽȻǲʲôˣվλãؿɽеһһľֻǵ˶ִ޷ˡ
ʱеȴۿɼٶȼţмиһ㣬Щͳͳˡ
̶̵ֻķӹԭɽȻʧһ˿ˣ߶͵ɽںǹ̶ˮҶͺµǰ
ȻֻϺңҶһ仰֮ͬɽȥ
ɽмˮ̶͹ȿףԺµĿǿղŷʲôġ
Ҷ첻ͬģĿһ߷ߵĹˮ棬Щɵ˿С
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̶ˮīǸЩһͷȴп͹ͷ­֮⣬Ҷ쿴ˮκεΡ
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ƺӦҶǹɴˮ̶еǸͷ­ȻҶ˵㣬̶֮ڵˮһ˶ε˰ϡ
ҿ⡭ִڣ̶йȫòҶ𾪣񶼲һʧˡ
Ҷǰһһ޶߰׵ӣֵĵطˮͰһ㡣
ľӴŰɫĻƣұϻкɫĻƣɫڳҫ£ǽһ㷢ʵɫ
ЩҶ쾪ȣصǣͷ­״һ˫צӣÿֻצֺˮԵʣֺ֮䶼н롣
βͼϣżӲ̣۾ü֣ͻ۾֮佻棬ʹ˵еֱһģһ
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Ҷ֮ʣֻԿͻȻҶͷһȴǺ߾΢
ǰ״ֻԽ겻ӣҶæȵϺȥȥ
ֱ˳˹ȿڣֻŰһ˫ݴ۾ҶشţƺںԼӵͬġ顱Ϊʲô֣
ֻƺûйԼ˼Ҷһɣ˵˵𣿡
ɣһҶһ˶ͷ˼£һţһȳζʱҶǼ⡣


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һ˫ݴ۾ҶϴţͷȻ֣ǰԼϢƵͬ࣬ΪγʳǼ
ţҶҲ΢΢ЩţȻܵı⣬˭֪һܲأ
뵽ҶͷųϵѪĶ¶ԷһҪԼҲܼʱȫˡ
еҶӴľʱȴǻϲҶ조ɡ֮󣬽˶ͷ­쵽ҶĽ£ϲ˲䡣
һȻӽҶߣһĻԶڹȿڴĺľսǹ̲סֽ˼֡
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ҶܸоղǾٶ⣬ȥ£æһǡ
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ȻѾǣûѧ԰⻰ǲԴҶ졣
˵ǲǳסˮ̶İҶָīĺ̶ָֻŵ˵˰죬ŵ˵˶Դ
˵ǧΪԣΪһﾹȻͷϿҪˣҲ֪˶ꡣ
ҶĸӦȵѪԼҪʢĶˣûмҶ첢֪ģҲ֪ﵽ˺־硣
ɣ
ɽֻ꣬ǳɽĶ˴ˣĶﶼֻʳˡ
¼һԼϢͬͬ࣬˷ܣҧסҶĿܣҪˮ̶ϡ
ҿǸҶæһսţûԷϵĵ⣬Ҷֵͷˡ
ֻظ֮⣬һƬĹҶ컹ûʲô취ҵĴ̺ľۣҶҲһĶ֡
ˮ̶߲סԼɡţҶ̽ʵˮ
ɣסµͷ۾Ȼ¶һ˿ϲãƺҶ˼еܸˡ
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ҶЩԥߵˮ̶ߣһ֮һĺ⣬̲ס˸ս
ʮ״С׵ˮ̶Ҷ֣˵У̫ˣ²ȥ
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Ҷ첻ˮҲûǿԼ뵽ˮзһʱˮ̶ڲ˹
ȻҪҶĶ࣬ȴǺ߰꺢Ӳ࣬ˣһ֮ȻǱ뵽̶ףˮ̶𽥵ƽ
ֱᣬҶϾĿת̶ܲ鿴ղźһεѹҶ춼Щ
ΪʱغͶεӰ죬ɽǴݲߵұϣȴһЩͰľͿݲݣڴļڵʱҲֲڵġ
ˮ̶ܻɢڶĶʬӦöǱɽжȻҹǼˣҲеġ
һҶΪľǣˮʼˮ̶Ȼ;ⲻԶɽеȪһ緢˿˿
ҪǷڹŴ̶ȪõڣҲ޵֮˵Ķ츣ء
Ȼ̶ˮȥ䣬վˮ̶ת𹦷˿˿뵽ڣҶʱеһˬ
ҶվﲻվڹȿڴĺЩżˣҶ죬ʲôû°ɣ
µĺ붨֮еҶ쾪ѹ΢΢üͷҶ˵Ϻû£ȵߣҺͨһ£պܲٲк˰ɣ
˵ʵҶ컹뷨ΪڰʮǰʹõĻǹЩɰ޷͸ۼ׵ķ
ǵ˽ͲһˣĴ˵ĻӸıҲΧ˵ġ
ΪϼпΨһĴڣҶ첢˴ŵȴҪһЩϵġ
ҶͺµĶԻƺ̶׵ˮ淭УӴֵĸ˳ֱεҶߡ
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Ҷһ£彫ǸСʯУƸպʯһʱҶ͵һ
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ҶڵѪҲͬʱתһůͷھ֮УҶǹɺ⡣
Ȼղûз֮³˸СǾ͵ҶߵʱǹɺȴǺҶڵԪں̶̵ļڣҶ쾹ȻоԪ·׳ࡣ
߰˷ӣҶſһ£һ罣âİȴǱɵǹϢ׳࣬һѳһ㡣
ⶫʲôô˾Ϊλ˺䰡
ָ뿪ǺɫСʯҶǾɵ飬ֻҪⶫƺȫ޺ͬһīһ㣬ôۡ
ɣҶûСʯͷóŽצӰҶǰһơ
Ҫ͸ң
ҶʵʯͷҶĹȴкܴĺô͸ոںڵЩҶоԼԪࡣ
ī̶ˮҶһ˿򣬻̶ĳ֣ʯͷĪĹϵ
ɡҶĻ˵ͷ
ãҾˣ
öҶȻǲˣ˺һīԼĿڴ
ֽͨڣҾͽ԰ɡ
õôһҶǸˣڸ˸֣˵ԣڵΪֻҪ¾ӦþܴȥˣպǲҪʳˡ
ΪúԼⷬҶָֻŶЩʬ˰죬һˡ
ɡɣȻҶĻȴܲ⣬˫ԭĮ쳣۾ȻҲ¶ɻ󲻽ɫ
˷ֵĻᱻɱģҶЩε˵ʳ˵ģվࡣ
Ҷ⻰¶һ˿мǴŵ̵βһ˦䡱һԱʮ׵ұʯ裬ǼӲʯһ֮±綹
ԹԣȻô
ԭҶѾ߹˺Եսǿǵϵһ̯ʯ֪ԼС˺ԡ


429 £
һ֮ҶҲסųһ亹ԼƵϢ̶ߣԼҲԿڡ
βͳһӺ󣬺Կзˡɡĵ˫۾Ҷ죬ƺڳЦһ㡣
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ԣڵɲǰˣкܶɱġ
ҶҡҡͷڵᣬѾˣȷ˵һܴʮͨˣһͨŰǹܽɵ
ԺԼʹҲվϵеǰ취ɱ׽ҶɲΨһĴ³
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Ҫ˵ⳤɽİҶȻҪó㶫˵ǰɣ
ֱȥҶ죬ԥһ£ҡӸȥеĶǳĶأǰֻȫһǰУٶȷǳĿ졣
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ҶԵԴָź˵ԣԼˣԺҪ˺
Կź£ЩԻǸûһ˿ԪԼһھܳƵԼˣ
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Ҷ֣˵ϺɣﲻҪɱ͵⡣
ԶĸӦǿ΢һĵܸоõҶͬ׵ıȴǶġ
⡭ⶫٽһ£ĳ
ҲǵС֮ˣ½ǹߵ˺׵ĵطһʵʰѹҲ޷ǰˡ
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ҶҡҡͷĿⶢס˺£˵Ϻ̶飬ǧҪ˵ǰЩֻǴ˵δػŵġ
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˵ǺˣҶ춼һǹƴûһɱ
Ҷ첻֪ǣǴ̨Ƚϲִ٣ûЯըҪȻҶҲûô׽ȫɱġ
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ҶͷȿڵʱȴǲǼһӰ׷һպó򵽺Ծˮ̶ʱĽˣҶ첻Ц
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ҶЦŽڴǿܶ˵˳ݸ£˵Ϻҽȥͺ˵˵㿴ʲôˣǧҪƤ
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Ҷһ£˵Ӧ˿ɽȷ뿪ٺɣҪ˿Ӱ
ҶѾ֪ˣ̶Ǻ峿֮ɢġ
֪ΪΣ³Ķɽеںһ֮󣬾ͱЩһʹǶǿһ˻߶ﴥһ
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ϧҲܾ˵أǽһպ֪ˡ
Ȼнˣʦ֮⣬ȴҶΨһͬˣҲҶЩп
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Ҷ˵ϣִºԶͷ͹˵ɽģͬģԣպһ㣬ȴ㻯Գһ죡
˴νɽѾһˣҶҲŵǣɽһСʱҶվȥ
ѭҶĶԾ뵽ˮ̶зһ˿˻һ˿˿ΧϺؽɽ


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֣ȥԺɡҶЦŰëͷ˵ԼȥɣǶɲҪ㶪˰
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ǳɢ˿˿ϢԪںϺ󣬾ȻĽһʹԺеŨ
ԺȥҪʺԣ̶׵жʯͷ
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434 ҹ̸
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κʱҲ־ᣬŰѶӴ۸˻̸ҲԺص·η
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435 
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ȵȡ
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ðɣҾͲ˵Щˡ
֮˿ڲ裬ȴˣҲٺҶ춵Ȧˣżɽ˵ģһʲƸ̳еϣЩʲμкܶĹϵһ˵ġμЩǷ㲻٣Ҳ̳ЩʲϣǩһЭ飬ΪʲƸˣ뵽ʲľӪ֮У㿴ô
˵أôҵͷˣǮڵİ֮ĻҶ¶һ˿ɫ
ҶһֱƣԼμΪ˴˻ȴˣΪĸϵǱǮ
ҶҡҡͷЩӵܣýǮһУҲΨнǮλ߳۵ĴԼͷɣ
Ҷ죬֪ʲֵ𣿡
ҶĬ֮æ˵Ҫ̳еĲƸֵٻԪϣÿǷֺ죬͹㻨ӵˣ
ԪƲŰʮڸ۱ҵң̵ģֻҪһͷܸɵй˰
Ҷһ£֪ĸúܴ󣬵Ҳû뵽ȻߴԪҪ˵ôһӴĲƸûκγҲǲʵġ
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438 ̸
֮ҶѸ侲ͷԣȻѷֱ֮е©
֮Ļ˵ЩƸμҵģΪ˲Ҷ죬ͰѼڵĲƸãֽڡȥƭĺӻࡣ
ͺܼˣԪʲ϶ǹĸеģμҹƵòǮ˶ΣԼϡ
ʱԼֻӵйɷݣȴ޷뵽Ӫ֮УμЩֽתЩʲֱ̫ײˡ
Ҷû֮ʵڴ⣬ڸǰû˵滰Ϊޱ֮⣬û˱֪Щʲļֵˡ
ޱͶʵЩҵǷչǱģ΢ĹƱڶ̶ʮھ˽ٱЩƸƿסϼˡ
˵Ůʿʲ˭̳УƺûҪͨɣҶ˿ڲ裬ЦЦĿ֮
ҶЦݣ֮⡱һ֪ǰ˲ôױŪģѾǿԼ˼
һ֮֮һϿҵ˵Ҷ죬ЩƸμӵһܶģ㡭ĸĲȫƿأ취Ҳǽð취롭Ҫһ¡
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Ū֮Ŀ֮Ҷоһ˿ɱ֮ҿ¼ӶˣΪǮȻԼͷ
ЩˣѵĲף֮ĸ飬ٶǮ
ĸڶûкͺãμҾȲ˳Ҷжϼжһ˿ģȥԸˡ
Ҷ죬㡭𾴾ƲԳԷƣǿڴõϣ̸ģҪǲ֪ôЩǮһֶò
˵ĺҶ˵ȻվҪߣҲ̲סˣһվָҶ졣
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֮ǰѾһˣ⻹һǷҶһٶһҶȫġ
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ҶףȻ֮ˣ¾ͱиպĵģԲôҪҶ֮治̸С
ȻҶ첢Ǹ⹫κܽڹǽǧڵʲ޳׸ҵΪҶ޷ڳԵġ
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֮ԵҶҵţΪʱ޷μңŲ˵μҶҵͷˣҲġ
κʲôˣƲμ峤ݣҲǸ²õǰ쵼ˣƹʮ˿ڴҶëͷСӿģ
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ˣμǷģҾкη
κ쳤̾˿ƽҲ˼˺ܶ࣬ⱲΨһоԲˣҲǴŮˣŶҶҲһ˿Ρ
֣ǡôУ
κĻöӵɴ۾УԲУ֣ʲôݣôܵҶҵţ
ҶҵĶԹϱûв֪ģһκ⵱ҶҵţǾʹμҶҵͷˡ
ҶȻǸŴ󻧣Ǳ˻⣬ҶѾȥˣֵͷͻúܶ˷ģҲֹ֮׵Ҫԭ
ʲôݣҾһ˵ͷӣ
κ쿴˶һۣ˵˰ʱ̫Լһ£֮㵽ܿˣ
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κվ˰ʾӿȥˣ˵ʵȻ֮۱ֳ˹˵ҵŻκоΪʧ
Ϻ⾩ôǳɽҪְɣ
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ҡҡͷ¹ļб뷨æ˵壬㣬᲻³ɽǸϱ
ʲôҪСӳͲԸ⣬֪Ƣԣ
ļЦɵ˲ٵطҲЩпҶ˵Сʦܣû˰ɣʦֺȵ㣬ٸǽЩȥ飡
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439 
ǵ12Ѿ˵ˮɱļڣĶҲر䣬߰˵ӵʱЩ˶Ѿɢȥˡ
ֻҶĺԺ˵ů紺ĺˣԺһʢľƲˣΧʮֵ֡
ļףϵĴ渵Ҷ켸ʱƴЦʱ˼
ڹļҵݣܶǹûж۵飬֪λĴֳļҶۺܸߡ
ܶ˶Ϊλֳֻڹʵڿսз˼ãҲ಻Ϊ֪Ĺס
˵й˴ڵĵطдĳ˵鱨ԱȻǷǶɳɹдģܶʷѾʱ䳤֮ˡ
Ҷ룬˹ļһ֮Цʦ֣ҿʱд¼ˣǶʷذ
¼ȥд࣬˭ҳ氡
ļЦ֪Щ飬˵һǾţʹȥͣҲȻ󲨵ġ
Ǿõȥ棬ͷʦ˵ˡ
˵Ż䣬ȻҶվţ˭ʦ֣Ⱥţҳȥ
ţʲô˰ѪȻ˻񣿡
ոߵԺҶüͷܸӦõĺԺĴ⣬վָѪ֮ˣȻûн뵽Ҳ޼ˡ
Ӽʮ״ĹտҶ춼ܸоôһ˵Ĵڣ仰˵ƬĺԺ򣬴˿ٶ߰˸ֲĸ֡
ЩҶﻹЩϲû¶ɱ⣬Ҷֻ¾裬ߵſڽſһ졣
ϻѾ˵úˣҳӻôģ
ſ̨վŵ֮ҶԱ߼һ£⼸˱ϴŵҪǿöˡ
Ҷ죬㡭ô˵
֪֮Ҷ˲̫ǣֻû뵽ž˵˾ĲѵĻμ鷳ֺαԼأ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵Ҷ˵ˣûʲô̸ģԲס滹пˣɣ
ȵȣ
һ϶ʧϵһƹ䲻ĵط˹֮ӵһλ˳
ͬʱԭվҶ̨µһĿˣһ־ҶرյĲȥ
붯֣ҶԭѾͣס˹ŵĶǼ˵ľٶɵһ㶣űߵ֣ش˵ϡ
˲ûжһץסҶ󣬿˵ˣͱԼˣ˵Ҫ㡣
˽зܲξֵһУ٣Ҳ׳ƵϺڣרŸ׳ǵıжһġ
Щ׳ڼٸȵģղſҶưЩˬ¼ҶȻҶԼ֣вЦ
ץסҶͬʱľõϣҲûҶ죬ʹȴǱⲻ˵ġ
ϼҲҽѵң
ҶһӲԲԵԸ񣬼ʹѾ³Щ˵ݣҲǲá
һҶһӴ徹Ȼض𣬱ҶԶԶ˦˳ȥ
ءһ죬ɳ׺صص˵ϣһʱȫʹȻ޷
ͻıʣӵκߵЩһɫ䣬˽κΧм䣬ĿҶ졣
κߵˣǴӻͳһѱǹԴָ֮ȻǽӵţǹָˣҲҶ졣
ǹָţҶͷƤʱһ飬ηɿһ˺Ĵź棬޺Ϣػ䵽
Ҷԭ޷֮ˣֻԼգƽȣûʲôȨģǸҲУ
޵֮ʱҶɱĴƼ˵ľ˴㵽ɽкͺΪˡ
ǹ˭óǹˣûмˣ
Ҷ˼׽ʱκҶ죬κ죬ɣұ֤û˺ģ
㱣֤Ҳû˺ң
Ҷź壬мؿһǼˣ˵Ȩɣƾôˣǲģ㲻ǡס
Ҷ˵ͬʱһɱ˿˿ɷ͸ͬ˰ľǼԱüɫ䣬һ̲סְ˻
վʯ֮ϵҶ죬ʱǵĸоһɱĿħһ㣬ɱ⣬ȻЩսһľĵ׷
ֻõְҵǽĽκΧм䣬һ˵ĶԿҶƣ˵ɫЩȻķס
վڼмκ죬ɫ˿䣬һþλɵƣȻסҶͷų
ǳ˵Ȩ죬仰һ㶼٣ǱĬƣȻܺҵ࿹ֲ˶뵱ء
һĻҶҲ棬ֻһǼϵһЦǹѹļЩƶʱʧˡ
֪ţʧˣ
Ҷܾǰ˶ԹĹףڹۣ˽κȴҶΪǺ֮ˣԼСûĸףһֵ³ġ
˵ĶҶҲˣڼҹ֮ѡ񣬿϶ȼҺ˵κǰû˵κȴš
κ쿪ڣҶȻ˵Ϻλ֮˵Ҷ˭ԽΨεĲУԡԲǲܽլӣ
Ҷƽ͸¶ĿΧЩǣһ϶¶˲˼ɫǴûڹڣȻ˸˺κ˵
Ҷ죬ҽȰʲôֻֻ뿴㣬Ȼ㲻ӭͷӣҾ͸ˣ
Ҷ֮ⷬκߴκȻ࣬˶˲˥ʮһ㣬Ҷ춼Ϊ֮һ¡
ϸҪߣ̲֮ס˵֣Ҳ̫ˡ
֮⻰ֱ˵Щǵȥˣ֮е׳ʱ̵һˣҲʱˣûмҶ޷ˡ
򣬽սһܻ⺢ӵԹҲʲô
κ˰ֹ˶ӵĻҶ˵Ǻõģۣպвˣ
ϵܣȲҪȥ˵ˣʱ򣬺γҶӣ±Ҫְɣ
κ컰䣬һϵͻأ֮ļݵӰҶߡ


440 ʾ
׳ļҵθһ֣Ǽֱˣ½κΧ
ӸղҶ׳ĶԻУóҶ׳ƺЩԨԴΣղ󣬵ǶİˣǵĵһӦҪ߾ˡ
ܵѵ׳ȫΪһҪԵκǰˣӶһװңκڵĽʵʵ
ôһΧκҲͿ˵ĹļˣԵЩ꣬Ȼֽǰ˸ƿˡ
㡭ÿÿ
ղűҶ˼Զƽ糣κ죬ļҵƺ֮ȴЩʧ̬ˣ˵Щ
Ҫ֪ڽǰԼʱһֻҪ΢ЩݵˣԼ֣Ҳǡǡϡ˵ġӶʮڶ֡
ȡֵҪڶʮ꼰֮󣬾Ϊ˸֮ѵ಻ɸʹڶ֣Ҳһơ
κ֣ǸղŴӹļҿ˵ġֻ֣ԴӽԺҲû˳ƺˡ
ԸȻƺĻǡϵܡĸ֣˵ԷһλϤѣҪԼ곤ģκʧ̬
ƿǰľκһۿվҶߵĹļҡ
Ҷ첻ȱǮſϰװĵ200ߣſӳյĵƻͨκԽļҵǰ
ֻһκüͷԼƺʶ˰Ϊ֪Լġ֡أ
κⷬٶʱΧסľˣϵĸ֣þߵ׳
ֻһЩǾˣΪʿȥʮͷӣΪΪ˴ֵسƺ׳Ϊϵأ
Ǿ֣֮Ҳüͷ׵϶ʶЩ˳˳ˮҲΪԵʣǰʿȴû˿ӡ
κݣʲô¶ǿֱˣûе󣬿˵λγƺô֪ҵıֵģ
ҵĳƺϵܣĲʶˣ
ļκĻһ㶣̶ԼϴһЩԳؿЦҲǣʮķãϵѾˡ
ļҵȨյʱȨκαΣҵˣλֳνһ֮֮ϣʱǺεȵķ⣿
ֻȥ̨岢ҽǼƽ󣬹ļѪټɽнͣ˶˷츲صı仯
Ա˵κˣ¼ʹǽʱ˿Ҳδϵóں֮ϵùļңΪҶĶԻȵġ
ϵĹ˾ȻҲʶԼˣùļҲЩҡҡͷ˵ʶҲգʶҲˣҶ죬ǽȥɣ
ǣʦ֡
ҶӦһűԹǶҪˣʲôְλȨأﻹǵ˭
ǰԼСʧȥĸı⹫Ҷʵ᲻پ⣬˵ʱ̲סԳ䡣
Ҷ˾ҪתĺԺκæλĳʵǲôˣʵʲôˣγƺ
Ҫ֪ӽ֮κҲûù֣֪һǵʶʾɡ
κϡҲоǰЩƣֻζ벻˭ˣ
ļվס˽Ų˵ҵԪӣܼ񣿡
ԪӣԪӡԪ
κ߶˼֣Ȼ۾ԲˣŵؿŹļң˵㡭ĪǡԪֳ
Ǻǣһ˭أ
ļҵ˵ͷ̾һϵܣδ̬ԣҲǲòˣ
ļ͸ԪϰʮʱԪԪı֣ļһֱõ֣ҳֱ֮ӾͽҲĳԪӡ
Ԫ֣㡭㾹Ȼţ⡭ôܰ
ֱ˿̣κϵľٻûˣμң͹ĹϵʮֵУκǽιȻڴ½̨Ǳ߷Ҳ
ʮڵʱκ͵֪˹ļɥҽԺϢ껹겻ѣֻǰⱾӦǹˣȴسǰκĳ֪
ԭǹʱִӰʮʼ쵼ְ񣬻ºƽʮ꣬κҲ˲پĶǵĴˣעⱲΪԾһ졣
ǰҶԼšļҳ̾һ˵ϵܣ˵ɡ
ļҵ룬ȴһֱû˵Ҷüͷʦ֣˵ҶŲμˣɿȥġ
Ҷ죬ҶҵĶԹҲ֪μҵЩˣǶǼ֮ǰ飬ҲûҪڻġ
ļҵҶլԺˣ¿ЦϵţҲǸҶҵͷˣѲǻ벻𣿡
Ҷҵھֵ÷зļҲ֪һֻǻμƶ˲κ죬лһ
ϵȷûϵҲȥǺЩ
Ҷ쿴κһۣ˵Ϊ˸ߣȫΪŮǣı˷ɢĸӲˣҲҶң
ҶȻ㿪ǰļԹûзϣֻκӲɢĸоȴҶͻ
ҶΪԵʲκŵģļҲЩͷˣ׻˵Ѷϼ£Ҷļ£ʹԼΪʦ֣ҲǲöԵġ
ļ۾һתɴƲҶκĶԹ̸˵Ҷ죬͵Ǹʦӣĵطкһѣɺã
ʦ֡
Ҷ̾˿۾֮һ£˵μ̫ʵڲԸҵլԺ
ϵһ˽𣿡
ļ˵֪ԣҲǿѣʦҶӦģ
ʦֶѻ˵ˣҶҲЩΪѣԥһ֮󣬵ͷ˵ãһ˽˶Űɣ
Ҫ֪ļϵ̸ָԼμҵĹϵκ֮⣬ʦֵȷ̫ÿ
κţھҶҵĶԹҲܻһˣƲĸ׵ԵʣҶӦκȥġ
ãԼȥԪϸ磬ҪЩľң
ȻҶ죬ȻҪǹļҵİμϺĸͻս֮ˡ
׳ԲǲԼȥ
κȴǱסˣվڲǾ԰ȫ£Ǳ粽ıκġ
֮ǰҶ¶֣Ҳ÷ɵѣһʲôأܵġ


441 ָ
Ԫϸ磬
κְ֪ģҲûҪȥΪЩ°Ŀ⿴˹ļҡ
һˣߣ
Ҷ쿴˹ļһۣ˦ֺת߽ĺԺլڶ࣬ɲ뱻Щ֪պ϶ðġ
ļҿЦһҡͷ˵Ҳû취ϵܣСʦܣҶҪֵģɱͨˣ
ȻΪҶĴʦ֣ļףΪҶ첻Ҫǿ֣ĻļҵǵҶģ˸ûñȡ
οҶ컹ǵһǱ˵ǹļҲҪ֣ҶԼ٣ǹļҲĹˡ
κЩΪѵؿһܵľ˵Ԫϸ磬ҪȥԺ˵ɣʮǰһСܳйǣ
ϵܣլӣԵ֣ҪԼסѽļָؿκһۣȴڻеһ䡣
ҶĺԺԣ˶ԣȥֵĵطκ壬ϼСʱĪĻԵ
Ԫ֣ʲô˼ļҵĻκʱЩȻˣӲû˻
ðɣҸȥԪϸڣҲû˵ĵҵġ빶ļҵݣκ컹ǾĺԺ
κǰһᶨ˵׳ĲҪΪѣ
κҡҡͷ˵ˣΪѵģ绰ң
κļܵľ׼ʹˣһһǻܶ˵ĹעѡҶ졣
Ҫһ˽Ժӣκ;ֱֵ쵼Ի
ڵ绰﷢˺ܴһ֮ͨǱƺͬκҪ󣬰ѵ绰˷κ˵ңԺһ
ʱҲӵ绰õ쵼ָʾæ˵ǣ׳һҪעⰲȫ
֣ǡأ֮һЩżˣȻ˵ʲôţҲʮˣĶţζʵ̫ܵġ
Ȼȥɣ֮Һʧ
κۿһ¶ӣ˵Ļ֮׹һ㣬жʮˣӸ׿жû˵ôصĻ
κ߽ĺԺ֮ȴϽĹˣȴǲҵæ֣ĺԺļҪӶ
Ԫϸ磬֣ôô°߽ĺԺκŷߵĹļң۴ƮƮֱֻȴˡ
ֻ֣Ҳթˣ£Ͳˣ
ƽ飬ļҶ컹ҿ̸𣬵ǾԲܺκ˵ģǼʵǣ̫
Ҫ֪½Ļƽ𴢱ٶ֣ƽʹﵽ˶ʮ֣ǹսʣѱκ첻ᶯĵġ
ãǾ͸˵˵Щ㵽ôİɣ
κҲ治ѣ˵ôͲҰһ죬˵ʲôҲܻȫģ
μȻڹҲ˵ҪְǼȣҵϻҪһϣԶˡ
ӴļҲڶ˿ˣǰĹļԼãڽǰǰϦμҵĲƲһյġ
κⷬǳԷθûһԣǹļ񼫣Ҳȥƽġ
ҳǻᣬԼӶùɣ
ļҲܸܵκǷϣЦ˵ɽסˣҲԸȥˣҪСʦ룬Ҿ̨ˣ
СʦܣˣԪ֣Ҷ쾿ʲôϵɲôѽ
ղʱκûüʹļҺҶĹϵļ̲סͳѯ
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ԪҳѵΪȨЧܶ˶֪Ĵڣļһ˵κզ಻ѡ
ϵܣʦܵõʦŴ࣬ҶȲϣȰ㻹Լ¼ˣҪμǻ
ļ֪׷ɱҶģҲҶԲưոݣںκĽ飬̲סָһ䡣
ԼˣԪϸ磬⾿ô£
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κϾ뵽Ϻĳ⣬Ϊ֪ʱҶƺϺŮѶ顣
ˣ˵ˡ
ļ̾˿̼ѻԺ˵ϸ죬ҶҲǿŮϣûμʲôμҰҵһ
Ҫ˵ļҸղŵĻֻκоѣ仰ȴ˵κëըĵ׾ȻëȻĸе
ļʲôˣκȻˣǺųƹнӰӣֶιغͨռ󷨣ǽı
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ҴҶղֳ̬ȣκ쿴óûμҵˣμӵʲô飬˵ĻǴġ
˵䣬ѾߵԺĺºХļһλ߽æվӡ
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ļ̧ХԴһǣЦˣСʦܵ⹫Х죬ȥҶ캰һ˵
ǡǣҡȥ
ХѹûκԼʦĹϵЩ֪İȾԺܣﻹƵģϻͷš
ϾκХʵ̫ңԶˣȻǰָ˵ĸоǼ䲻ʵġ
Ǻʮ궼ɽӣѹͲ֪˭һѰκļͷϣ˵ӦñҴ꣬ȻѣϺ;һ룡
ãǽͺһ룬Ԫϸ磬
κҲ֪ʲôͷӣǰ˵Ǹɽկĺͷ˹ļңκиˣǾ˾롣
ףԺĿƺЩһ
һ׾ƽƽʱκȻѬѬȻˣ˿̺ȥ֮ͷԻʮֵҲע⵽ĺԺڲ֮ͬ


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ȻκߵȼҽƱ񣬵ô˵Ҳǰʮˣٻܵ˻ѾǴǰ
ԭҪбҽŵĻκǱȽǵģֻǽǰѣҲȥˣ׼
ֻκû뵽һ¶ǺͷԷ·ȴ˼֣ͬʱҲע⵽ĺԺĲ֮ͬȻ溮ХԺȴǴů
լﲼЩ󷨣ҪԱõ㣬ϵܰΪֱ˽ʮ꣬ûϰ
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κԹļҵĻûκεĻɣ֪ļΪˣʹǵĽΪأܲ󷨣ǲΪ档
þڴˣ㲻Ŀ죬סԣ
κ컰䣬ҶĴ˹󷨹Ȼʹ٣Ķȴǻ˵ġ
㡭⺢ӡ
κҶ仰µĿЦãԼ⹫ĻʧܣȻ֪ǲ϶һˡ
룬κƺ˹Ҹ⹫֮⣬ͺҶûκεĽˡ
Ȼ֪ҶĴڣʱæڹ£ѹûϣҶ̬ȣҲȫκȡġ
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Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʦ֣ĸ߸ʲôϵ
Ҷ˻һκɫһȻй͹ȣ󲿷ʱ䶼Ӹλûбָء
仹ǱԼﵱǳ⣬оͱжŤˣҶָȴǾʵκԳԷ
κ쳤̾һȻվҶ칪壬˵Ҷ죬ҵǶԲǸӣͷǸˣ
˼ٻҲʵȨ壬κ⼸Ҳ࣬ȻԵڣȴǶҶ˼Ρ
κ֮ԲҶϹǸһԭǾǸղŹļ˵ĻҶ컯ǶζԹ
ǰŽʢκҲܽӴǸȦӣֶ֪ιأһ˵ǣ˭˯Ⱦġ
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ֻκһϹȴó϶ɫХ죬ѿɵۣûԼܼ֮ôһĻ
κʲôˣǿȨҷչ쵼֮һڹŴʹǻʵҲ鷿ˣȻҶϹǸХӲЩ·
ܲ𣡡
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Ҷ첻һ񣬹Ȼ˫ݵԭ棬Ҳ׵ԭκ죬κݣٴĶԹһҲԻˡ
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Ҷ죬ޱޱҲԣʲôҪ;ɡ
κû뵽ҶΪ˾Ȼ˾ǿ̾˿˵ޱޱڹĲƸμҵĹϵЩǮ̳УμҲٸˣ
ȻҶеԹԪʲʱѾʲôˣκ쵱ܽǧڼҲңѽǮΪˡ
Щκֹھãй˿ʮڵĴ˵ԪǧԪҲơ
ǮҵˣμһǮġ
ҶЦһС׾ͽ̵ңԼĺԼķŮʿǮԼģͬûйϵ
Ҷı죬Ǯֱ練ƣҺǧҲƣʵûֻ̫˺϶һֶѡ
㡭㲻ҪЩʲ֪֪ǡǿǰԪ
Ҷ鲻ακˣ߰ʮ꣬ʲô鶼ԿÿҶֻʮ䣬һصأ
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Ҷ˻һʱԱ߼˴۾ϸһ룬⻰ȴǲڣЩ飬ĲǮõġ
֪㵣ʲô˵ɡ
ղκĺԺ͹ļҵĶԻͬûӳҶĶ䣬κڵЩֹҲ֪֪ԷԼμҵķˮ
Ҷҽ³ĵϣμҶ㣬ǴӦ˵ģҲǼ治ţ²Ϊμȴ˶ɺ˼棬ں侮ʯҶ˥ˣԴμ֮ʡҶҵĶԹѻ˵μҷˮˣӦңһŮ
Ҷһָͷ˵һ֮μҵ壬ڸ۵ǱҶҵǸμܻԹΨһ취
ҶҶƽμҵĶԹֻ˽˼ģҶҴ͵ĶʮͿʼμҴѹҶҪ
ҪҴӦ㻹ʲô˵ɣ
κһ£ͷӦ˴εҶҵţԭʹ˻ҶҶԹͷ
Ҷһָ˵ڶޱŮʿʲҲ̳УμҲȾָЩʲŮʿԼţҵֶ֪θ棬ҶС³嶯
ãҲӦʹޱޱЩǮȫȥμҲ˸Ҷ˵һ仰ģҶκﲻһɻĸо
ԼݣȴôںǰϺ̲С̸аҶԷвԼ䣡


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˻˵ˣҶǿҲһˣκݣֱӽץ˻ɱһ׵顣
˵⻰ˣ޸ĸûѵģʹҶٲ׽Ҳܹκɳ£κ󶼻ᱳġ
Ҷ쵨Ϊղгɱ˵뷨ҪɱҲЩвľҲǲҶκһëġ
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һ֮κ˵ܣμǲģ
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Ҷ⹫ϾԷѾ߰ʮˣܹҪһ̨£ҲΪ֮
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Ҷղ֮󣬿κӦʹ죬Ҳ˳ھͰϰֻҶ֮ìܡ
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Ҷһ۷ŵ˺˼׻˵úǰҺ׳ԽаˣʹҲǰ״
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ҶƽԺӺҶ쿴һϰֵɫüͷʱˣʵ֣ǲʲôˣҿɫе㲻԰
ҶƽЦˣ鷳Сⲻ𣿡
ȵȡ
ҶִϰֵĻ˵Ժﻹи鷳أȽǸ˵ɡ


444 ûû
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ҶƽղȫԼ֮ˣôһ˵ʱſڵ飬ûʵ˵Сǵʲô鷳ô˸סˣ
ڶ鷳ҶƽģҶСѧһ꼶ʼѧУ칫ҵĳˣľҪźеģȥҶ˵ͬѧǸ
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Ҫ֪Ҷƽʮ꣬ûǹӣʱ޿̲ܺؾۡ
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ֻǰʱޱعȴǸ˵ŻҪһʱ䣬Լܴе飬һ
ûгŵĵȴʱʹĻһ㣬һŵҶƽˣÿ춼оʱʹ̫
ӵİʾҶƽջصԼߵϣĺϱЩ
ȿȡ
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κûİүôಡӸҪתˣȻҪΪĲɣ
Ҷ쿴κҪƲסŭˣæ˵ɶ𣬻˵ֲҶŵġ
ҶĻκ侲ѾӦҶҪҲҶƽһˣκһε˵ãǷүģʲô˵ɣ
ҵ֮ԷֿҶϴĶԹȻԸ⻯ζԹǡǷҵӻعأ
˵һ仰ʱҶƽѾЩˣϣǲԸٵһˡ
ԭҪ
ҶƽĻκǻܸоõǰδŮŮǷĵ˼
Ĳòɢǵġ
κһʱҲЩ㱣Լһ֮ҶȵؽԼһ⹫˰ɣ
κĬҶƽ̲סߴٵвУ˵
вԵĵطҿԽޱޱ
κ˵ʱعͷҶ˵۵Ǳ飬˰ɣ
һϵıκסҶƽ˵Ķ̴̲סͽҶһ


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ҶҶƽôһĶԹ̫̫ǲаҶ׵鵽μȥˣǸĻ̫̫ѴӦ
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ҶҲǣ˵ͷ˵Ǻðɣʦ֣ǳȥ
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ѹļҺκͳʱλĺԺſתţѼȹϵһ㣬κæӭȥ
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κּÿһӴˣҪܵ飬ҲǱƶȡ
֤ȥɡļҴӵȡ֤͵ʿ뺣ݸ˷
ЩģļҲǲ飬Щ飬ҲǰĽ۵ǣκιϵġ
繶ļκͬһʻ·ʱӴ鱨Ѿʼ
ȻѾʱֵҹ۷ܿʹ˷ϢЩ֤ģԶְģκε⡣
ǣԶȻм൱˰ѵ绰Զı֤֮󣬹ļҵݲǱ֤ˡ
мѵʱ䣬ֻǴҶĺԺ·̶̵İСʱѡ

Ϻ룬۱ǵүǺȾƾԲǶ˲ҶջתԺϰԺȸ˵üͷ
ϰ־ȻǺѾĺХȣϻͷĲӬ
һеľƣҶ˵֣ô˰˵𣿡
£ʲô°
ҶƽʱѾϡˣҶ˵ӣֽˣҺȸʹɣ衭Ҫˣ֪𣿡
˵˵ţҶƽ߳ж۾Ȼ޷ʮ꣬ѹͷУ˿ȫͷ˳
֣֪ˣҲˣҶסϰ֣ԺһҶƽʱ˯˹ȥ
Х죬Ϻȣȸ˰
Ҷ֪µľͷʮ⣬Ҷ첻׵ĻȲġ
Ͷ˴˸кҶϰֽ˺Ժ˴ϲߴ󱯣;ϵ˺ǳҶŵ˸׵Ѩú˯һ
ø˯£Ҷȴ˼ǧĸ׶һϤİʣҶĲ֪ȥδǸԼʮӰ켫Ůˣ
ϰӦñҸҪĸװɣ
һ˯ĸףҶҡҡͷҲûϴֱſڵһϴҶƳĺ뵽붨֮С
ʣӣϰֵˮ
ڶһҶȥصк󣬾ϰֵæһ˵۵ˮ׵˹ȥ
ӣǲ˸ΣεҪˣ
һˮȹҶƽָ˼ǣһץסҶ죬ͬʱֻȥ¶־ɥɫ˵Σȶо۵ã
֣ǲۣĿҵȰ
ҶЩЦõؿԼϰ֣˯ôãûеִȥȻĸ׵顣
ȣҶƽһ㶣̶˵˵ǡ췢鶼ģ
ȻˡҶ˵ͷ˵֣ǱҪȥ˵˼ҿǶҶҵĶԹúصġ
˵ʲô°ʲôԹҶƽЩĪؿӡ
ã˯һɡ
Ҷʱ飬ֱκеһƴˣϰ־͵סĸҪ飬ѱȫ˰
ˣǵǱǸ°ɣȥʹ˵һ׼ûġǱˮãҶƽ𽥻ָ˹Ҷ˿
ţ֣Ժμҵ˹ͨɣҲǡ
׷ɱԼ飬ҶԳĸ֮μˣûʲôøУԾĸ׻ˣҶҲμҽġ
Уҡ͸绰ȥҶƽӦһ־ȥҶ촲ͷĵ绰ֻõ绰֮ҶƽĶȻͣסˡ
Ҷ컹ûĸ׵ԭڴأϰȴǲˣҶæʵ֣ôˣ
ӣº˵İɣҶƽ˵绰ϾȻ¶˼顣
٣ϰ֣ûԸ֪ң
Ҷ쿴ϰֵ࣬üͷ˵϶ˣ֣˵ɣǱ˶·ٲƻǽɫˣ
һȥȻ٩ӣҶƽ˵߳ŭһûߵҶ죬Լ
˵⣬ǰ˸ۣǮҽȥˡڴ߳Ĭһ֮ҶƽǰҶӵĿĸ˵˳


446 ƭţϣ
֣ô°еҲһʮˣôۣ
ҶƽĻҶ첻һ£Ŷ۽ѧǳ£ҶƽʹҵϣָѾǷǳ͵ˡ
Ҫ֪ҶƽӰʮͿʼ⣬ǹһˣֵƷŶһЩνרңˮƽҲδؾͱҶƽ߳١
ҡұˣӵʻҶƽʱǵͨ죬űһ仰
Ŷ¾ףǼˣ
Ҷһ㶣̶Ц׻˵ɹƭԽĩʱһƭ˾ۼһڽг֮Ϊƭš
ͽΪӡ϶ǵͬƭŵֶҪӵĸŻΰ̲׵ƽ鱦Σƭ
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Ҷƽ³أ㽲˰СʱҶһЩ
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ҶƽȻǾˣ˼԰ǻ֮̿ⲢôãһܵһЩͬеżǶʱҶƽӺе㲻ù
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˽裬ȻӲߣΪª̸´ţҶƽһ֮һʣҶƽڹϵ֪ʶǴ
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ȥʱ򣬰һκȲУ˵Բ԰ջٵʱʱʮͭס
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ʱʮͭ״˵ԼҪղصһǴźίҶƽţϢһҪ֪ͨ
ڹŴͭĽףһֱܵƵģʮͭڹġ
ҶƽʱȻӦˣδôϣϾһⶫͭ׶ʧٰٶˣôɾͱأ
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ȻҶƽҪҲͲеκεķգһ¾ʹӦ˰󣬴ӦϹ졣
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Ҷƽһ⻰Ͼʹ˵绰衣
Ҷƽһ˵Ǳ߶ʱżˣ˵Լ϶ƱϾܸϵҶƽζҪǼ׸ס
ʵڲеĻȸǮҶƽǶǮģԸǧҵļ۸
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֮Ҷƽϵǹ混ӣ˵ϿвУ混һڸܾˣ˾Ҫܷܲⲻɣ
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յ֮ҶƽϾ͸˵绰绰֮ͨ󣬰˵ҪϷɻˣȵ˱ϵҶƽһܺס
ֻһֱʮһӣǸֻ룬ҲûܴͨˣҶƽĴڵֻҲ˽
ʱҶƽ͸оôһ㲻ԣڶһϸϵ˰ó׹˾һȥʱɵۡ


447 ƭţУ
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ܣû˰λǲǸˣ
Ҷƽʵǰ̨ǰܺڵʱǰ̨ǸƯСʱɴ۾ܸĸҶƽǹ˾ûհܾ߸ܣ
ܵģа裬ϰ尡
Ҷƽ˵ܣ˾ҵʱ乫˾ĻͰ˺þãʱˮʱڿҲǰܵĳƺ
ˣҵˮ˾
Ҷƽ˵䣬ȻһŮ˴߹æһסŮ˸һ
ҶܰɣȻѾʱһˣŮ˵ļԵǷǳãһ۾ϳҶƽ
ԣԣǰڲڣҹġҶƽʱԷŻ飬ҵ˾Ͳˡ
ǰܣǸŮЩֵؿҶƽʵ˵ǰɣ
ҶƽԣϴҺһģ𣿡
ŮϵɫŹˣ˵ǼǵãҶܣԱֻҵĿͻˡ
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ЭǩãͻȻ绰˵ЩϸҪ飬ǲɵǣܸպòڹ˾Ȼȥǹͬһȡ
Ҷƽ˵ģȥ˾֮󣬰԰ҵȺֹһᣬȻŴȥңһСʱйҪæԼ
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Ҷƽؽ֮ҶƲƲ죬ΪȻ˵֣ʲôϡģһְҵ׬ǧԸԸ
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Ҷһ£ȻЩֵؿϰ֣ʵˣ֣ԹͳһǷǳģΪ̶ʱ䣬;ôһⰡ
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ϰֵı࣬ȴҶǳ֣ϰദ˶ʮ꣬ǵһηָ׾Ȼô̰
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Ҷƽ֪ޱҵģϴμ֮Ȼ̸ҶƽԼȴǳһ⡣
ҶƽòӢǻ԰ĸ߲һдʫʲôģǳǧ֪УںȺһˡ
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ʹڽ֮ҲҶƽ⣬ޱڣˮػҶƽһ˶ȥɵģνǼеĹǡ
ʱһζʮ꣬Ѿ缶ĸţټޱؼãȥʮһ㣬ҲѾЩ̬ҶƽһԲλĸо
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ҶƽվǲãȻ˳ڶ˵Ĳ໹ǺԶģԲŻǰȫף
֣Ȼ˼ϰֵĽͺҶֱǿЦˡ
ԼǱҸߴԪϰ־ǸһٱӵĹˣҲδ׬ôǮȻ׬ǮֳԼ
ҡҲǲ뱻迴𣿡Ҷƽһڶǰǿƣ˿ȴǵͷµĺһ㡣
ģϰ֣ԭ΢ЦŵҶ죬кȻһ󷢻ţƺһ˫־סԼ࣬ƴ˺ţоޱȵܡ
⻹Լϰ⻹Ƕʱɨ׷ԼԺܵϰ⻹Լ˴ܵѧУʦӵϰ
ʱȻȥѹǰ׵˫޾Ȼ˻վŵƺҲûеǰͦˡ
ɫĸףŵԼϻʱ׵ıӰҶȦʱˡ
ЩֻԼݺңȴǺϰֵĽԽԽ٣͸׵ġҲԽԽԶˡ
֣ģû˻ῴ㣡
Ҷַ˸׵ļϣȵ̧ͷ֮Ҷ쿴Ÿ׵۾һһٵ˵ڲᣬҲκ˻᲻㡣ΪҶĸףޱҲҿ㣡
ʮǰӣʮӾ
ӸղҶƽֳִ֮УҶ˸Ϊһˣܵѹ
ҶͬʱҲа˾ģκ˺ԼΪʮĸף
ǡҶ죬ҡΰǮҲȥ˰ҶƽЩ˼˵ǮԭŸҶõġ
ҶЦһ˵֣ʵڶĲжĲΪ䣬˭Ӯ˭仹֪أ


448 ƭţ£
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Ҷϵܳʲôˣƭŵ˸ˣЩֵؿҶƽû뵽˸ȹӵҶƽȻᱻЩֶƭ
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ǰ˶ˣҶҲûǣ龭˵һ֮˵ˣϺХ죬ҳȥתתɡ
Ȼһ콻ϵĵХ۾ʱɱڵ˵ʦץˣҴǵȣ
Сӣ»ֲŶָؿһҶ죬ǼʶҶֶεģ̲סΪǼƭĬˡ
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Ҷ۱ҽӵϣϸһһʮŸ۱ҿ꣬¶˿Ц֣õãЩǮֻģ
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ģհڣֲòȥжһȫǼٵİ
ӵĻҶƽɫٱ䣬ڼΪ̵̲סƽĴֿڣöͷϵ
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ˣ֣ȥʹýκҪǱǸɡ
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ǮҲмǮĺôǾЩǮͨĴ٣ϢҲǺܶ࣬Ҷ׵ıλ̵


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ͨǮңǼпܾǧ˵֣ʹҶҲ޷һһЩȥݣǻʹѪģֻ߰˸ˣҶͲˡ
Ҳûȥ̽ͭףֻͭΪĶԪɴ˺ѸϢġ
棬ȼ
ţٹﴦӦýɽؽˣ
ڱţˣڴ˷򣬼пܾǣ
иڱģǾڳ
Ҷ콫ӦϢطһݺ¶ϲɫΪ֣մȾЩٱҵУھڱǡ
ȻҶ첻ҿ϶һа裬ϣǺܴģ۱պúҶվ߳ӡ
ţҲˣôվ氡
ҶƿţͿϰֺʹöüˣվԺ˵Ż˼ȫˡ
Ҷ죬л㣡̫̫һ֣Ҷ캰ȥ󣬿ʵμ϶ȥˣ
ţ˵뻯ҶҵĶԹ۱ֽϿҶ񣡡
Ҷ˵ͷԴûô˵ǰҲ˾ĹҸɲȻλүû˿ľ⡣
͵͵һ̫̫ɫҶȰãԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬҿԷͦгģ¶ô˰ɣ
ȻҶҾҶƽҶжҶƽҶҵļֻĺԺһǱȽǿƵ̫̫˵ġ
ҶĻ̫̫Ц˵С죬û˵ͬⰡμҵǸͷͷñˣ
μϣҶȴսȥԭҶΪҶҲԺμƽȶԻˣȴû뵽ֶӾȻԼ˴һϲ
ƽ⼸ȥۣȵǸıֽҶҪѣҿ˭Ʋǣ
ҶȻܣƴأʵѲ٣ֻҶҺμҽȴúܶԶ׶Ͼ
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Ҷƽոǧ򣬽ҵװܵľ⣬ȥʲô飬һ֮ͺͶӳԺ
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ڣʮа˾ž˵հģҶ˵ͷ˵֣ҵĳھȥǣ
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ҹգԣǰһףҶ첻ϸϰָ·Сʱ󣬳ͣһгϡ
ҶƽǰƣЩɵҶʵӣװг˵հĻ
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ҶϵɫҲЩŹ֣ųָ״·ߵһˣ˵֣ʶ𣿡
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֮ҶѾĸӦ漸˵ֽմȾϢˣƺ档
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ʱҶƽѲǵǸˣǰһӳ˹ȥհģû뵽Ҷƽɣ


450 ǧ
ҶƽҲ׳ĺӣһȥʱİðѪգһͷصԵ˺ʵĵ̺ϡ
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451 
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ʼһЩƭΪ˸Լ𣬶ųǧˣʱһǶǧŵĿҲ˸ı䣬Ͱǧźƭӻ˵Ⱥš
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ӽӴֵĶмǺüʱ䣬ôһأǰҪȻǲԶˡ
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Լ֮õľ֣ȻΪżٳѰϣŭͷ򵨱ý϶ȥ
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Ķ׼Ҷʱףά˰֣˵񣬲ܣҶֵܵĴˣһֱԵύҶֵףĳ˵Ұ
ţףʶңȻԷһһֵܵĺţҶȴû磬ƺйоء
ףάЦ˵Ҷֵܽѵ˼־£Ǵ˰
Ŷףܺͻƹн飿Ҷ¶һϷʵ飬ʶ˼־ҲǵЩѫĺ˰ɣ
ھϣȻкƾӸλˣҪԼִ۸ӵĹϵܺЩǣϡ
Щ˵֮󣬾ӺǽڵЩҲҺӣϾЩϼһǵʾɱ鼰磬һͻĳƽġ
ֱ˿̣ҶҲûʶĳЩϢͨʿҲѾΪȦˣһǲηǳߵһ֡
˼־ƨĹӣ
ףά¶һ˿ɫ˵ҺǷ蹷û飬ҪǿȥүүϣͳֽѵˣҶֵϴεľٶνǴİ
ףܹˣ֣ףܣɻûԷأҪǵȻģ
Ҷ첻ϴ£ټףάվԼߣ˵Ŀⶼ˹ҲҶоܲϰߡ
Ҷ˻һվڲԶϾ¶˹ı顣
ףάʲôݵˣεĿҲûʲôˣ˾Ȼһ㶼飬ȻԼԷˣ
ףάϲû¶ɫǵͷ˵ãҶֵȳţһͷƿʮę́ⳡȭҸҶֵ˵
ףά⻰һ˵ЩˣĶŵؿҶ죬ʵڸ㲻ףҶһ۸ڶףܣȻĸԸĵͣ
ԭĶֻΪҶֺãڽϵıָߣǸղһĻȴһݣΪҶֻнϵݣףάԲ̬ȵġ
Ǿллףˡ
Ҷ˵ͷҲûʮę́Ǯ򲻵ģ¸˵ԿζĲȣк¶һƫƧĽ
˸ղһ£ʹҶֵٵ͵ҲΪ۵ģٷԵζͺһ˸ɵһƿę́󣬾뿪˲


457 ȭ
Ҷףڹҵ
Ҷ˸ߵſڣͱһ˴ԼŮ˸סˣŮ˶ʮӣĸϻŵױʮֵš
ã·ɡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǰŮ·ˣŮȻܺãڵ϶˶ٽţŴҶƹ˲һԡ
һ㣬ҪװݣɧҶҡҡͷŮ߽˵ݡ
¥¥˽˳ףܺȥġ
Ů˲֪Ҷݣ˵ʱŵưҲнʱΪļףά硣
ŶȭʲôطУ
ҶԵһ£ⶰ¥һ㣬һǲ¥˽˻ѲҪԺٰȭ
ȻڵˣȻ֪ˡŮ˿Ҷһۣȴǲ϶˵ˡ
ûɣҶЩȤӣһԵĸȥϵ¥֮ףάĶѾӭ˵ſڡ
磬Ұ˴ˡףά磬ŮȴǸ˳ƺصһ۶Է
ףάһЦסŮ˵֫˵ɯɯˣҶֵǹͣҲԵ¡
ɯɯһ£Щֵʵͣ˭ҵӵܣôû
ɯɯСףάһ𳤴֪Լδһ۸ڶ˵ľҲΪ棬ǾһЩмҵӵܣҲûеġ
ҶǴŻǾֹ;ЩӵȣЩģɯɯ֪ԼδΪλôһ࿴
μŵĳףά罫ʹյɯɯߣС˵Ϊء
Щ˰ɯɯҲǸŮˣȻ𾪣ȴû¶ʲôֻסףάֱۡ
ǵȻףά٩ɯɯһ䣬תҶ죬ЦҶֵܣҵδޣ㺰ɯɯˡ
ףάֲεˣһǲмںͨ˽ύģǱϿɵˣȴǲɫܸ֮ºøС
ףάͨԼδôһ򵥵ľٶ֮оͺҶĹϵ˼֡
ⷢھ£ûܿ԰
Ҷ̾˿Ǻεȶףάɯɯ˵СҲûӹĶ䣬ֻҶû뵽κǴأȻҲ֪֮Ĺϵ
ɯɯСƯףɲŮò
˸ӣҶҲ˵ûҲ͵Ϊֹˣһת֪ȭʲôʱʼӿǵһ
ŵʼҶֵܣСʱʱ䣬źȱ衣
ףάǰ·ЦҶֵ뿴ֳͨӿǳеѪȰ
˵ʱףάХͺϿһ£ߵرԣֻΪҶıء
ˣΪ˿Ѫȳ𣿡Ҷ쵭һЦ˵ǿֳɣȻӲ󣬻ڱŵġ
˵伸һǰվſڵĺװӽƿҶ׸ղףά绰е˼
˵Ǽ칫ң˵ǼҸһЩıϣ˴Сһʾ
ͷͨӽǣͷеĻ涼¼κεǣҿǿۿȭűֳҪӵ
ڵ£
ĻеĳҶЩŵʵΪЩͷ˶׼̨֮⣬½ȫڼطΧ֮ڡ
ȻĻ￴òֱ̫ۣҶҲܸоõȭһǧƽףܰΣҲ߰˰ͬʱۿ
Ҷ𾪵ɫףάҲЩ⣬Ц˵ûǰǸսԷնˣҾ͸ĳôȭҶֵܣȵʲô裿
Ҷ˰˵Ȳˣףܣȥɡ
ҶĴûйؽϣȻܴ˹ģĺȭȴǶףά࿴
ãǾȥ
ףά˵ͷͷĶ˵˿ʲôʱҡ
ףάķԸĶæ˵ףܣİɣ˭ĳӵҰ
Ҷ췢֣ƽͦñֱĶ˿ȴв̾
Ǿ䡰ѧúգڵҡĻȻ˵ûĶҲǾֵһˣףάǰȴǱֵķȫޡ
Ӧڵʮˡ
ŵµ棬Ҷһʱ䣬Ȼ֣ȭ澹ȻʮףǷնĽ֮⣬һ˻ڵ֮
ڼڿµĳ棬ԶҶµصֱ𺳣˵ݺҶҲ̲ס̾ףܣǴֱʰ
ȭҶѾͨˣû뵽ǣµĸ߶ȺͨķնȫͬȻߴʮס
ʮ׵ϣøֽṹ̶һŵĸܹʮյǿƣԲһǧ׵ĵ¿ռĵƻͨ
Ҷȴǲ֪⴦նԭھӵģ̹ͣ˵ĵطռȻҪͨնࡣ
ڳصм䣬һ6X5׵ı׼ǫֻ̃̄Ǻ͹ʹõĲϲ̨ͬϲûֱѡֵĵӣһ齫ƽĥ⻬ľʯɵġ
̨ܵҲʯͷģΧøģҶȥЩɫɢһɷϢ
ʱѾۼ˲ˣЩ˰ϣЩһЩ˽ԵЩѹ֣һֱǰо
Ҷ죬ôˣ
ףάҶһ̨еǰʱ򣬶ϵһվҶֺ󣬻ԲŵԼ۾
ҶЦЦؿˣ˵֣Īһ𣿡
٣Ҳǣҵˡ
ͷҲ뵽Ҷݣ¶û˵һҲͣס죬ָףά˵һҷСҪһɷӣûҾ
ĸڽ껻֮˾ίĵѽΣȨƱҶǻҪ࣬źҲˮǴˡ
ھֵط׬ǮɻľǳԶʳףάȻǵºȭķߣռĹɷҲֻаٷ֮ʮʣµĻ϶ɢ˳ȥ
ϴХԱھǴ÷зףάȻ֪Ҷʶģ˵ϺҶֵܣȥк±ˣһٹ
ףάȻʮֹ죬Ц˵ҶֵҲңͷҪ̳ʮę́
ƶҶֵܺˣҪȥɡ
ףάһЦɯɯԱߵϯȥвٶǹвŵϰ壬ҲҪӴкġ
˵ⲻôκϵ˰ףά뿪֮Ҷͺ˵ࡣ


458 
Ҷ죬ʱ㲻⣬ﷴʵ
ЦҡҡͷŸ֪֮ˮжڶǮȴҲغ׬ˡ
ȭ⣬һǮûͳȥװ׵˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣףά粻ǿͷھǾĹϵ
飬ںٷ߰Ҳ˵һʲôɣнԪˣҺϷҲ
һһڣ
Ӻ֣Ҷʱˣ˺ü׬ǧ򣬱ϰôһ㣬һҹͻص˽ǰȺ˱ˡ
һںܶ𣿡
ƲƲ죬˵Ҷ죬μүȥˣӰڵģֻҪԸ⣬10%Ĺɷݣ˵ٶһأ
˵μμңңҺμûһëǮĹϵٰҺǳһ𡣡
Ҷ콫һϵ˵ҶطˣΥҼ͵Ҵɣ
ȿȣ
Ҷ컰δ䣬Աںˮĺ͵ؿ˳ˮһأҶ졭طҲ˵ɱ˵飬ӴЩҲҶ켸ˡ
ϺôӦﰡҶʲôΥ飿
Ҷûؿ˺һۣ˵ķָǽأ͹еķûʲôϵ
סЦ˵ûĶʮˡ
⻹࣬Ϻ˵ɱұСľȥץ㡣
Ҷ˵˵ҲЦԼ֪Լ£ԼȻǸˣҲ˵Ǻˣ˵䷸ָľˡ
ͺ˵ЦҶ쿴˺죬ʵˣ֣ףά絽ʲôݣȻھǵôĳ棿
һǹ׸һֱϽУνǹ֮صأףάºȭϵ֮Ҫֱܰõ
ҿһۣС˵үүףxxȻ粻ˣ˭ҪＸӵġ
ֲã־͵ǵˣ
˵Ǹ֣Ҷʱһ£λͷʵ̫ˣ󵽽ܺȼˣҲֻʮˡ
Ȼλ߰ʮȥˣΪҵĵ֮һ̳Ǿ磬ϲ£Ӱ֮Զֱ޷ġ
ףάҲȫүүͷ
ھѲ࣬ףάȴǼΪƳ磬˵СҲǸݲ磬Ǽһһ磬ʮʱ򣬾Ͳܵӵȥˡ
ףļ壬ԺԼһϵģƫƫףάСͺ棬үүȥ֮Ҳ֪õʲô취͵͵ͻ쵽ȥˡ
ȥҲˣףھӸԭףάڲ﷢չģ֮󣬾ȻΪ֧ӵıӶ뵽һЩΪ֪Ļ֮С
аʱ䣬ףά綼˹⣬䱣ܵȼ֮ߣΪһ֮ĸ׶ֻԼ֪ǰ¼жӵӰ档
֪ǲǵᷳˣڲʮ֮ףάֻص˾ǣֺеĻ˺ü꣬ſʼȭҽķˮ
ţͷɽڶ࣬ǰҲǿƽģ˵ǿԽһ
ĻҶ˵ͷͲףάɱأϵƶԼ١
ҴףάֲȥƽˣʹںƽҲҪѰһЩοԼĴ̼
仰˵ףάҲܵǰӰ죬˵ĸֱһЩҲսۺûӦʿϰյת䡣
˵ˡ˰֣Ҷ˵Ҷ죬ȻˣҪҪһѰ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ҶȤ˵ˣʲô˺ʲô˴Ҷ֪ôİ
ⲻд𣿡ָָҶ߲輸ϵļֽ
ǣȿҶֽǼǸӡֽȻдиȭֵϡ
ЩʮֵϸȭֵòóȭǰǷȭսϴϾ˽ȭˡ
ҶڿºŽˣľǴŵĹѾȭˣսʤһ
еѻ˵ˣȭս˰Ϊʲôû
ʵڵĺȭԶûйôײУ˫Ȼǩ״һ̨֮䣬һǲϾɱġ
սʵĲǺܶ࣬ȭھٰ꣬ÿڶһʮ
Ȼ²еȴв٣ÿڵı֣ҲǺȭ˵Ҫԭˡ
Ҷ쿴ϸ˵Ҷ죬ǰĲÿ㿴ֽˡ
ţʲôͬĻҶ콫Ǹӡֽҳ
˹ˣʲôͷ
ֽϵֽаά棬Ľʮֵļ򵥣ֻ˵ѵӪŷ޵ĵȭսӡֽûб
ȭ췽԰ά൱ĵͣ߱һҲ˵Ѻڰά߿ǮӮ˵Ļֻܶ⸶һ顣
֮ǰάĶӮˣ췽Ҫ߱ĽǮɼףάŷ޵ȭǼ俴õġ
˿һۣ͸ҶߣС˵Ҷ죬ǰӶ˹۵ģ֮вμһٶκȭһܼϵʮ֮࣬ʣµҲ඼Ǵвм
ôμӹڵĺȭأ
Ҷüͷ治дսſ֪һЩɱɣʵսԲйЩ滹Ҫй֮ġ
޺ŷ޸ضеºȭģҲ֪ףάҵĹϵߵȭ֣Ҳ˳ȥġ
̯̯֣ȻȭĹɶ֮һʾľӪȭףάһְѳֵġ
άţôձˣ˵ҪջôŰ
Ҷ췭һֽغ֣ɫһ¡
й˶ձĵִһֱܸߣҸСձ̨Ӯ˹Ȼ˵Ҫ˵ĻĿǹҵ档
ҵ֪
Цһ˵ձºȭȭڹʺȭҲЩ˴ҪμⳡȭģҲþܾ
ģǵ⻹ؽдȭ𣿡Ҷ쿴غ̲֮ס
Ҷ죬ȭ˵˾޹򲫶ԻԷΪʤֻҪ˫ͬĻǹе֮⣬κǱġ
Ҷ첢˽ȭĹأָһνĺȭȭĲͬǣûκιԡ
ںǫ̃̄ϣʹʲô취Ķֻ֣ҪվŵǸˣʤߣ


459 ŷȭ
ʹ޹򲫶ҶȻȭĲпԻҪ󣬳ֿȭĲȻҲսҪһЩġ
ûԸмغ˽иأ
Ҷ뵽һԣȭѡμӵıҲҪԼϿɵģ췽ǿȥԼԸ⣬췽Ҳ޿κΡ
ҡҡͷ˵ȭй涨ģһȭֳʮΣû˺սʤʮ֮ȭȭƺţҪ֧һƵĳѡ
պ˵ºȭȻûȴģһȭϳ֮ܽס̨ôĳѽԱʽӡ
ȷ˵λһĳңӮ֮ҪôڶʮˣǶʮ򣬵ĳʮȥһֵġ
ֻǴӾȭû峡ϵģ췽ϿǣҲüغװõʮԵģǿ϶˽߳ãźֺս
ôҶֵܣ벻漸ѣ
ףάܳڴһȦкֻصҶߵλϣҶеϣЦǸ˹ȭȻҲû֣Ҷֵܣѹǿһߵʰ
Ǻǣ˵ɣСҿɬ治ⳡġҶ첻ÿɷЦЦеϷŵ˲輸ϣʵж೤ʱ俪ʼȭ
ףάüͷһ˵ϾͿʼˣҶֵҪĻǮ⡣
˰ɣȿҶȴǲϽףάĻ磬˱˵ֶ̣ЩǮôյģһСĵĻܽԼȥ
˵䣬һװĵߵ̨ϣͬʱеĵƹⶼϨȥһ󾪺ʱǿȻȫ׼̨ķֺ֡
λλŮʿӭҲμӴ˴޹ȭźܶѶǵһˣĻͲ˵ˣϣȹһҹ
˼̵˵˼俪֮漴еһս˫Զ˹ȭάйӰάŷȭ̳ùʮԵĳƺţǵŷȭ̳İԼʵÿһ˵ġҶϤˣҲȭǣսʤһܵս֤ͬʵĵһעһʶѾŵλˣҿԸԼжȥӮͶעʱΪǰֹץʱͶע
ǳɿԵԣɹؽһļ٣ЩŮŮϳ˿ȣƺƽʱࡣ
һѡ֣˹ȭά桭ĺǫ̃̄ϵĵƹҲϨˣһǿͬʱ𣬶׼˾̨ʮȭϢҡ
һĸߴŷ˳˹֮£ӣȫ˶һ
ά׶࣬쳣Ŀ࣬ϵļͬһѣȻֳһֽɫĹ
ڰά۽棬һİ̺ۣһֱ쵽ǣ¶Цݵʱ򣬰̺ⷭһĻȫͬʱʧˣΪǶоһɷĵĺ⣬·ǰվĲһˣһͷѪıһ㡣
ܻ˻ӣάƹָ£̨ȥǰˣȰάǫ̃̄µʱ˳ſǫ̃̄ϵðά˽ȥ
ǵŷȭά棬ǿ⽡׳ģһͷ͵ıܣǣעɣʧģ
ڼɿԵĻԭǻǰһ°άļ⣬ǸҰһĴӺȻЦһ£ŵ˼ţƾ͵ǫ̃̄ˡ
Ҷڵλǫ̃̄ǰһƽֻ̨߰˸λλǰŹϹϣҲǫ̈̄λѵĵطҶ̨ϵİάĸܣҲĸӵֱۡ
⡭ôܰעĿİά֮Ҷ첻ɫһ䣬岻վ
ҶͻȻվףά绹ΪǱάŵˣЦ˵Ҷֵܣûµģú£ˣҲΣģ
ףάվĸװӣҶܸӦõ䶼Զİǹ濪֮£ȷܱ֤İȫ
û£û£е㼤ˣ
Ҷ˰˻ȥѾָƽĵȴûмٰ֣Ϊ̨άѪǿȣȻȺ»Ҫǿ֡
ҶĸӦ֮£ά˾Ǹ¯һ㣬ÿһ缡ṹƺǾǧͬǱڵص׵Ļɽһ̺Ҷ춼оľ
ԼδؼǴ˵Ķ֣Ĺ򾿾İ
ֱ˿̣Ҷ֪ԼСӢۣйȻԴԶĲɱҲ˵ͰάһˣȻ˵Ժɨ磬࿹ˣҲ޼
ҶһС˵˵˵йޣȭ֣󱻴ʦܡ
ʱҶ컹ЩƣǻĽʢֲΪγ˴徹ȻƷڼ˰ά棬ҶףⶥĲ֣ʵڹڵʦȭʦġ
ϺôˣҶʵ
»ҡҡͷɫص˵ҪǱд裬ʤಫҿ϶ȭµģ³壬ûӮ͡ڣҲδĶ֡
ά治ʮͷ䣬һ񶼴ﵽ۷ʱڣļȴѾʮѪѾ˥ȥˣԺ²Ż˵ⷬ
߻ʲôûɣҪȻǲ̫ճҶ΢ɲ̾˿ǶѾᵽһѪζⳡȭؽѪǫ̃̄ġ
Ӱ
άȻŷʢڹڴȭǵһΣĳĺ棬ŵƹһȭϢҵĴţҲ˻
ϽܵѾʤһս˵൱ˣйˣռ֮ĳҪȰά䶯ˡ
һͷֻһңĶʵ·ʱ̼ȣһҲȫ˫ˡ
ߵ̨ϣһղ෭Ưǫ̃̄óһƬ


460 ɱ
ŷȭάƽ̨Ҫ࣬ҲΧ۵һƬЩʼĥǲˣϾǿһʰ
ںǫ̃̄ϣ˵ӴһӮһ˫֮µˣĸߴи˵Ͱά涼µġ
ŵĹ򣿡
߶ʱ˫̤ÿһһ㣬϶ߵĲ̨֮˾Ǹһ̹˵á
Դδʢ֪ˮ䰴Ĺ£ʹ˵񻷲ԧţͶǴеĹ
̫ƽսӵƣŵʵսԱǿˣĴŸ֣һȥ߶ڴϸľĩʱ򣬸дǰʮ˸÷׮ΪŴ˺պ
ǲ⾢Ҳϣֻûܽ룬ͲǰάĶ֡
Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷʤŹڽҲռһϯ֮أֻ֮ľʵ̫࣬һںӤҶӮûκε
ˣͶעʱΪӣҽõͶעԱ
Ȱάͬʱվ̨֮Ǹ˵άǰվ̨һǣȴűĿʼ
Ȼղ˸ڵĶ̨ĺȭҲʮַḻģʱ쳣侲ϵúԼ״̬׼ڲʼٶҳԷ㣬Ӷ
Ҳ̨ϵ׼̨µЩҲڶԽ˵ǿҶߵףάһͶעЦҶֵܣôûȤһѣ
ûȤҶֱ˵ľ;ܾףά磬ҡҡͷ˵ףܣߵһĽɫ°άҪøȭƺˡ
ֻ̽̽·ѵģȭʵֻŵΡ
ףάҶĻеһ˿죬֪ҶǸʲôжϣߵĺһۣףάʱȻˣܿóͷʵǿʹߵĶսҲͷĶ֡
ҶֵܣȻЩȴһܻжԷҪδؾͲӮһģ
ףάˣȴǱҶˣףάҲЩˬ
֮ԵһɳΪĲʹӮöԷάҪץסҲһ¡
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˵ʵսں涼ȥʹά£˫ͲһϵĶ֣ҪӸɵԷǲܵ顣
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Ҫ˵ղŵİάһ֪ʱĳĬɽھһͷ˵ʨʱ˶ɣ΢Сһˣǰվվȡ
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ףά翴Ҷ¶˿æãϰţ
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ԭһװ˶ģղźҶȥתһȦ֮߾Ȼƺϰθʮ֣ʹͰάͬʱվ̨ϣƺҲѷɫ١
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ֻվǽܴںܳʱ䣬ҶųѺ£һҪڶʮڽսؽǰ³
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õǹɾڿзɳ֮߰ȴ˫˵ϣ־޴ĳæ˺˺üһƨ˵ϡ
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ԭû˿İάһĻ۾ҲԾǰϣоһǿҵΣϢǶʮǰάش߰˰ٽĿһ㡣
ðάϵǵ˰̳鴤Ϊ˰̾ǵͷܴʱһƽİˣȻݣ˰ȴô޷ˡ
۾ӥһ㶢Űά棬¿кȵɣҼʶŷ޵Ĳɱ
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һ͵طչĸҲʵսԺһƵеɱҪڹһЩеʽܸսԱͺȭƳ硣
͸ղսʱ߶ܲͬʱĺȴдһ˫ڵһ٣̹ͬһ򰲵άѹȥ


465 ֵ𾴵Ķ
µӥצҲҪϣҽŵһ٣ʯذļѷ˿򰲵άȥ
ڰ֮У˫צʮԭָףʱȫ˳ʮСذһ㣬ץѪ֮ϣ϶ʮѪ
˻һֻӥһ㣬άظסˣʮƴָ䵯ľ磬Ȼ̼İάƤһ顣

ܵвάڶзһϺȣظ͵һͦȻȫ˺ץԼҪ˫צ˫ȭͬʱ׼˺µؿںС˳ȥ
άһȭĸ֣֪ԼԶЩˣԸɴͲ㲻ܣֱӺͶԷԵߣѽõˡ
ά治ںԼ¿ǻûأάĴ򷨣ץԷŵ˫צһ֣ȴǰ˰ά˫ȭ֮ϡ
ءһ죬̨ϵŴ˫άӴڡµڿնƮƮһһ㣬֮վ˵ϡ
һзļ죬̨˸ûξͷֿˣֻײеĽսʤİά澹Ȼ»ˣ̨»Ƿһ󻶺
ģ⻹𣿡վĺֻо˫һ飬۹ǿȥ̲סƿڴǱʮʮָףȻӲر۶
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վǫ̃̄һǵİάƺȫȻܲϵƣֻ˫ȭָܻĽ̯ճȭͷֱϵָףȻһһرѹ˳
Щָ׵֮󣬰ά˫ȭϵѪҲԶֹסˣµѪӱƤϿûܹһ
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Ҷ⻰ףάһӻͰά潻֣ϵ̨԰άʱվȾͲˡ
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¶ԵеľεȷḻȻ֪ԼԷô밲άӲƴڰάαͬʱҽһ̧̤ǫ̃̄ϡ
ЩȫɸƳɵģΪ˰˺ȭְ֣һ࣬ԵԼѣһŲ֮һΣ˶ʱڿնƮƮشӰάͷԾ˹ȥ
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ײ˻֮󣬰ά滹ûס壬Ǿһֱֱ嵽̨棬һˤ˵ϡ
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ȿȡڵϵİά涯ˣһֳֻ壬пһĽˣܿڵϵǿɫڵѪ
άȷʵ˵ĲᣬԭҪ֮һټϺǧڽάһײȫõԼϣ˫ش£άҲ޷ܵסġ
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ЩƽʱװĵòȻˣҡҡͷվǫ̃̄һŷ˵䣬Ͳˣһ
һߣԼĽȻش˰ά棬Ǻ֪ⳡȭʤ֮ģûҶʩļӳ֣һŶδܹưάķ
ά棬Ҳֵúصһλ֣йҲһߡ
ǸŷöģµĻҲ¶˽ɫæö˹Űά溰
ά沢ûдԼ֣ǫ̃̄վ˺µǰ


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Ȼˣά۾ȴһֱź£еս˿ûм֡
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԰άܾѵӪƸ룬һ˴뵽˺ȭ磬ƾŹ˵Ĳɱɣŷ޴ټû֪άģֻһѡ
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Ҷ죬ԭҲṦ򣿡
ȵά뿪֮ףάһؿҶ죬ȻսޣĿⲻһĶҶֱպϰά͵ĶУȻǳ
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ϢҲǺ˽⣬ֻ֪ձºȭģһֵʮֵĸǲûֻиձų棬йȭ罻һ£Ҳþܾ
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Ҷ޿޲ɵĵ˵ͷѾʶŷ޵ĲɱٿձҲ޷ȡһЩõĶأйȥ֮ԳԿǳԿڱղԷϣΪԸµһȴ֪ĸı䡣
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ײȻǶһѳ׶ĸֻӲͳһǹͷװǹ˵Ķˡ
ˣһͨ巺Žĸǹͳ˷УŸǹһͷһǳǹʱִ߳Ƶǹƺе
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ӰȻֿ˺߰˲ֱǫ̃̄ܵĻͣ
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ŵĽ֣̲סһһǹ־Ȼ˸Ƶ嶼ȫֱǹ֮˵ĳ衣
Ҫ֪ǹаٱ֮ƣþǹ㲻ϡ
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جλûᣬȫȻ߻֮ʱŵбϷĸָʿʱѾ߸ĶŷҼȥ

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Ҷͷһˣ˵ȥϢɣҺʦ˵仰
ʦ֣ˣ˵ܲ𣿡
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ҶĻ󣬹ļûἰ飬ǶԺ밲άĶսȤѯ˲ϸڡ
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ձҰģйĿľô򵥵ģ佱һ֮󣬹ļҽصձ˵ϡ


476 ̷ʦ
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ļҡҡͷ˵㲻˽ⱱ壬ʿʼǾձȨֻʱ򣬱ǽʮΪձʵȨɡ
걻Ӣ͵ϮնۣļһֱΪޣסԺڼ仹ûбǵʱԼԴȥ塣
һ鹶ļҲŷ֣ԭ֮ԶԶձ½֮УбӰǱһִƽ
ļ鱨ģЩУһȤǾǡȻЧʣȴǴĻʱģǸʱձʵȨܿһǧꡣ
仰˵ҲǱʵĺޣļҴӸз֣ЩھҪְˣһ˽ĴڶԹҵҳϣļ֪ĴľŵʦųȻǱˡ
˵ʦţļҶЩ̿ʦŻи̷ʦšվֻǰУʦſûٺ͹ļ⣬СǹڣһЩļĳ롣
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걱λȱپʦųĴ죬ʦڽйһֱûиıɢԵķ
1939ʱձɱ߽ŵſսضפα޹Ĵ桢̨ʦŽԱԮǰߡ
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վӳڿŭ֮£ҽҲμϣǿ֯òǰ߽Ȼ鲢ûнʦŵʿˣµĻС
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߷ζǣڷ̵ʱװԱĵʦţվĲӣȸϵսĵڶʦȴжס˱Ӫ
ܳ࣬ʦȴ൱ãΪʱԻеվս³ԽԮձֻ÷׷ʦΣԮʦҡһ䣬ֳվ񲿶ӵʮһеһԱ
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477 Ӷϣ
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ļóһ16ĸӡֽݸҶ˵ƽĵͼѾˣ֮͸յɣȥʱ򣬾ҸõɣȻ㱻˸ϡ
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ɣȥ׼ɣ⼸ͲҪˡҶһ£˵֮Ŀĵ⣬ǰ͹ȥģ


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Ҷһ£Ǵεȥģֿ뾳ĿСܶࡣ
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䳿ҶһĶݹӶ˰˸ˣԼͺХˣ⻹ĸ⣬Ҷܹ15˵ѰݣѾ㹻ˡ
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쵰ֶûˣôȥԲã
ԭ˳ż˼˵ٰϼƣûƨĵϣһ鵽ϣ˶ʱеһɶз̵ζ
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482 
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ϵԶǼɫ˽˷ɻ֮ҶЩζؿһХĿöʱһ


483 
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Сʱ󣬷ɻ⣬͸۵ǲ࣬ȻѾ뵽ʮµףȻжʮȣȴʱѾǱѩصľǣﵽɼİŽҬһϹĸо
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˵䣬һβƨðź̵аͳֱײĴ˻ڴһƤڵˣһֽӾҪߡ
ιǵ𣿡ȽϺãһۿֽϵ֣æסǸˡ
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ŮľٶЩЦõվ˳ΪǸ˴ʱ۷ֱؿأŮǱɹƤڣôƯŮ˰
ס˵ߣָеʵǵ𣿡
żȥδЩԸ˵ǣίģλϳɡ
ϵóҶ˲ŽһܵƶһҲ֪ĸұϵаͳͱ˵յˣûУȿƵ֮󣬼˾ǻͷжǱˡ
㲻˵Դḻôô³뵽Ƶ꣬Ҷ̲סΪ֮ǰܵ飬ƽǳĴ󣬲⸱ģɣ
ЦСʦ壬ǮĶǸͲ䣬ܿƵķΧҲ⸽ѹûٲ룬ûлġ
Ȼ󣬵ɭش̾ûȥˣЩۺĵزԴǱȾָǿÿ乫ϵһЩ룬ЩԱûѾǲˡ
⣬ǰ簡ҶЦҡҡͷͼߵƵǰ̨סöʯ飬ϵĹҪġ
õҶ죬˵Сʦ壬ȻˣҲȥ乫תתɣ˵Ūöء
ĵĶ䣿ȫĻǰİ
ĻҶ첻ЩȻĶҪ֪ڸ۵Ƕ󷨣ҪƷϼѵʯʵܣȺҪһЩܶĵ飬ǿԸҶʡܴһǮġ
˵ߵëǵһ֣մӿɽɳģ඼ȫģСʦϴμģǶǶëʯԼпģЩԭʼˣǸϲȫӵġ
һʯƤԭʯɶܴбǷ̺䣬Щ󳡵ߣϺٽʯ۵ģԹܵĿ˵ķա
һһЩʯƤֲöԭʯȴܽҲ˵˭˭׬
ǻ˰ɣȫĵӶ̫׼
ôһ˵ҶʱҪȥʯͷ˵Ҫȥ£죬һھܻҪǳʱ䣬Լظ۵ɡ
Ҷ⼸Ҳݹ˴֮УݳĽ͹ļҲ࣬ǰĪҶҲ֪ᷢʲô飬ҲҶԴǷ˳
ӦǣСʦ壬ҪҪʲôʱҵ绰
˰֣Ҷŷź¶˾ֱȥԶĸҶҲ˵ʲôˣ¾ʦԪҲѾͷûʲô취
ϰĹһģҶ촫֮ΪһǧȻûХǰ밵Ը󺺣ǾûģҲܰҶһæɡ
үǸʲôҶ뷿оϥ˴ϣֵʵ
ˣϢ᲻а
ⲻȹڣ¶ҪСģʻƽ޴Ҫ©˷¸·ţҪӵˣҶӦǷװʲôص
ҶڵΪ˾ǸϰһۣжװȻǵҲҶе̽顣
ƭ˭أһ䡣
룡
Ҷûصһֱۣ۾Ӻ´˵סһ䣬ϺХסߣ˴ķɻ˵ľϢһ¡
Ȼʩܲղһ·û߹ʮĴ¥Ƶ굹޽ĲҶסǸһ׼䣬ϴԡǶġ
ҲۣҶ䷿
ۻȥȥ
֮Ҷóֻ˻һžʹ˽ûü鿴ֻ֮
Ҷ졣Ҷ찴˽
ҶǲսĸɽװҪգ֪ڵλ绰ﴫͨ˵ЩŤһƹɽζ
Ҷһ£˵Ҹյ飬⣬ɣܷ͵⣿ʱٺϵ
磬ִô˹Ҷ²òСһ㣬Ҳû䳿һԭʡı˸һ򾡡
û⣬ٺҶϵˣԷӦǸˣ˵ʮּӦ֮Ͱѵ绰ҵˡ
ͲﴫæҶϸԶ˸绰˶ɽֺŷ
ɨһֻϵĶţҶָ䳿˹ȥ֪ԷѾ˷ɻסľƵԼԶ䳿䲻ҪµĻҶҶ˵绰
ʦҪʲôİҶ·ϵƵı֣ХҲ̲סеĺˡ
ƽʱΪѰһսʱձ˲ĻƽϺХ죬֮ǰǲǣʵǹϵش©˷
ᣬҶҲûҪٶԶˣ½ȥ˵һ


484 
Ҷؽߺ󣬺ƲƲ죬˵Ҿ֪СǲӲӥʮֻƽ𣬹ֲ㿴ϹӵЩСء
ҲʮˣڳɽҲСǧҵģټǰڵºȭ׬һǧ򣬺¶ǮôҶ˵Ķʮֻƽѹû˿Ȥ
ʦôƽ𣬾Ǽ䳿ǣ˵ĳȥ𣿡ХǺͺ²һָ20ֻƽ򹫽ʱ;һֱûϡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵Ȱѻƽҵбİ취ˣһķɻϢɡ
κǵȻӦ˹ļң;ԲʧԵģһкµ˽˷ɻڣҶεĽ˵ȥҲеģҲӷ֡
СʱɫѾҶźµھƵĲ˵㶫ȻҾƵӦҪһͼԼϢĳ˾Ƶ꣬ҲûнгһйĴϡ
Ϊ׸ҹǺֵģϴʱ乫ٿڣŵƹ·С̯ϣʱԼԹڵοͣҶﵹǲԵͻأ
ͽ˴ԼСʱҶŵƹ⿴һ۵ͼܵĵδһ֮ι뵽һûеƹĺڰеĵš
˭ԭ̸ȻֹӢһ
Ҷ죡ҶŵͬʱͽൽŵһߣΪڸղţȻһףȴźͬʱкüǹָԼ
֨ľűһ϶ڿҶݺ󣬷϶һЩҶ뵽
Ŷϰ壬룬ҪǽӶ磬ûб˵Ļ·ˡ
Ҷڰ΢ͳǹ¶ŵı飬Ҳͦ𺳵ģԼֻҶһƺţȻô˹ԭһȥƵҶء
׼ôˣ
Ҷ˰֣ĹάûʲôȤ˴Ѱһƽµһа壬ĺ͵ػ߱ͻʱǽӾԵá
ϰ壬£ͷİɡЦվߵһǰһƣ˵ϰ壬뿴
صĸʲôҶЩߵǰ֮˵ƣǸʮƽ׵ķ䣬ʱĳҶǰ
㡭ǰ˾𣿡
ĲãҶʱЩɵۣΪǰİһӵľ𣬴󵽷ʽתػǹСһûкϸӵĵعף߻½ľ𣬾ͿԴֲսˡ
ϰ壬㰲ŵʱȽϼ˾ˣԡҾʹǱߵͬһЩ㿴𣿡
ҶԾӣ¶ЦݣһֱҶǰԱη˹Ǵ˱һ㣬ˡ
ʵԭֻ㼸ѳǹ֮ıЯʽģõֻ˵
ĵڶ죬ҵǰһλʶľҪʱȴǵ֪˽ǴɳͶ䶯ȫϢ
Ҫ֪ɳڽǺʮ꣬ǿʢʱڣһĶƷ400̩߽ߣ鵧̩ҹشġ
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ǾִĶģڵõЩһʱòϵЩϾеȨԽײ˼۵ļ۸һ޷ͳһװӵ
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˻Ǹ氡ɳƽҶҲ̲סһ䣬һҪ100꣬е߸һҵ
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ףĵɴ˺ܶ࣬ںҶ˵ʱȴ˼ǰĹսսȻΪһְҵӶǻкҶ֮ĺͬ
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ŵͼ뵽ޱӴۺʵҶ̬ȣʱֱùάֻ࣬ϽǮʵҶ챾ļ壬ܵġ
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485 Ե
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Ӣ鱨ģٺ٣ϰ壬ⶫǵӰϵ007רð
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ٹϼĻϵͳ㷺Ӧ֮Уڣ˵ľ¿ƼӶСһλǰӢعԱ㲻ⶫ
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飬ԶҶҪϤָŵͼϵһ˵ռСɸˮݻγɵĸؾӢڸֲׯںͽ췿ݣοҲܶ࣬ʮס棬ô۵ġ
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Ϊ綥ְҵӶ˴ʱʾƥʹõװȫ綥ģһЩҵֲӶǲضá
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۸㣿ХײʱͻȻоִһĸоʱҲЩɵۣȻֶˡ
Х죬ʦ壬ô۸ʦֶŮأ
үҲ۸ң˭ʦֶŮСкԸҶ˵ȦȻһͦ뿪ХĻ
ȿȣ˵겻𣿡
һĻҶɿ˼˵ĹȻʦ״ûаʦʦƸһЩһĶΪҪĻʦҲᷴǵ飡
ҶԸȻҲǳ磬ڸ۵ХԸʱҶ͸оЩüȥģ¼Σﻹ᲻ף
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ХȷǶкøУȻϰ֮ˣԸЩһǿƵŮ˲øУȥʱХѾĴ漸ֺøˡ
ҪҶ飬Хǲذæ˵ֻûʶʵĸǰ飬ͻȻҶ콫ֽͱƣһʱȻЩ֪
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٣û㻹ý˵Ǳ󣬺³ԴȤҶˣȻҲҶͣҶ˵ûʲô˼ɡ
ϲް˴ҲҶûص˺һۣ˵˯һͳȥ
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һţХֱӾʹӴϱæؽ͵аҡǾ˵
ˣϺХˣǰ򲻳ƨӣҪٱŻȥĲ㣡
뵽ХǰϧӣҶ첻Цǳ˺һ֮˵ˣ˯ɣҪ⼸춼Ҹо̫ãҪʲô¡
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Ҷ첻׷ȥХԸŲסˣڴϷȥһ̲֮סһһŴϴҶ졣
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Ҷ֪СӱﲻסЦʦֵŮ٣ûаʦ£׼ıֺʦŲͬСӾͷİɡ
ִղͬƼطչԿռ价ȾҲϡ
£ܶԭע鶼ᷢı䣬һЩżȻԱȽǿ飬ҶҲݳûҸХ˵֮Ե
õҶĳŵХ쵹ǷûһͱƳȴѾ붨ˣҶҲɰͷӵ츳Ǻܲ
ڶһ֮Ҷյĸٴ˸绰ԼԱʮﴦ棬Ȼ˾Ƶһͳ
Ҷ֮˽ǵǱڵĵˣ±ʲôΪƽ֪Ļ²սһġ


486 
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䳿ˣҶ͸Ӳ˵ˣֻڻƽ˵ʱǲŻ֪Լʲôģպ᲻ᱻ鷽֪ҶͲںˣԺΪܻӭ˰ˡ
ڶһ磬ھƵԹ֮䳿ѾھƵſڵȺˣ˴ԼʮӣƵ귽ɹһаͳҶԤõġ
λ߲μӶʯĿˣľһҪȥģÿƵ궼ᰲһЩǰȥҶΪ˵ע⡣
ϳ֮Ҷ첢ûк䳿˽̸ֻǵţ֪ǲǲ㴰ֽͱ˵ԭ򣬽ر𰲾Ҷż̧ͷһۣѾͷ϶ܷһƬΡ
ʻʱ򣬲Ÿո8һ㣬Ϊʢһξ㣬֯ڶ֮⣬ҲһЩ˺ͺס
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ҶЦʵôסĻ𣿡
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䳿ѸԼ˶λˣв˵ʣֻҪҶԸ飬һҪȫã
С䣬ֵǸ߰ɣ·ҶˡҶǻǮ͵ˣҲкһˣɽŶûֱ򱱵ķλȥ
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ȻҶĻɽЦҶľȥΪɺϵǣȥʱԶ򲨸սǣֻǵʱûἰҪʵİˡ
ϻǲǱһ˵ɽǸûϣЩеĴͳǾ͵ǻʵһĴڣǰϻȫɱˣҲԲжﱣ֯ǰпġ


487 װ׳
ҶҪҸ¼ʿǶ⸽ˣǵҲá
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ҼʹɽִҪɣǼʿҲ᲻ģֳʲô粨ˣҲ޷򲨸սġ
ŶôУҶ쾪һͷ䳿Ͷݺݵļһ
ҶǵѾˣ֮󣬽ӿصͣĳˡ
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̶Ҷͻƽԣüֱ̫ˣý̰ˣٶȺЧʿ϶Զ˹ģζֻҪѰƽҶͿԾĽתƵ
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˵ġҶóԽֿˣǿԳ˰ɣ
ڸղźɽʱҶͷµ΢ɲ̶ָӦ˵֪缸Ǹˡ
ҶոչصԽʱһ·ϣ֮һ񳵵ſ˹
Ŷϰ壬Щӣ
ͣ񳵺֮ǰһԶ۲ҶɽģֻͼȻˣȴ֪Щʲô
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Ҷ˰֣ûȥЩӵ˵һ֮Ҷɫǰ֦ʱձˣǿҪǧСģΪǿ
չļҵ˵ĻƽսлܴˣҲ͸͹еǸˣڻɽҰձˣʮа˾žĲıˡ
⳵̫ˣشʱپȻܴﵽ80
һ˷ܵĴڣӼʻ̽ͷ˵ϰ壬ͷİɣҲձˣȻձĹһǺϲġ


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Ҷ첢û䳿˵ݣףԼǹӶһˣ䳿ǶԣҲһԼʱ䣬ѾˣҶ˵ǰ棬ʲôʱöԽϵ
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ѷʽתػǹԼһңʯĥСתּǰ˸תǹڣشһٽټϺ͸ӾˣҶ춼òʱʵ֮
͵͵һЩ
ػǹͬʱҶ΢ɲұ߲һӶһװ׳棬ܸоõǰѻǹвȻϽ屩¶ǹ֮ˡ
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ҶҶүǼʲô˰䳿ʱѾ˲ȥŪװ׳ˣҶߺѯ
ԷǵȻûʲô⣬ɴһղŵֿ־嵹ʧˣ䳿ߵЩˣϾ¶Ľɫ
Ҫ֪ǹеֶҹƵԽϸͨ˾Խĺ棬ܴһְȫУһֳһǹʱԼδҲԲηġ
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׻˵оѹҶ˻һ䳿ɫʱһ£͵ۿԼǼֿȭСʦܣٶԱװݵˣ䳿жʱѹɽ
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԰Ǳ˾ÿ궼ܴ򵽼ʵģЩСǶҶĻ䳿ʶʲôϵɫʱ˷
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Ҷ֦ʱһܰջɻͣȺ󣬴һٶзδ̫ñﻹһСӵˣ˼ѵȺڻڵĴͳ
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Ȼʮʱ飬ǱӢһֱûзǱʻƽѰΪ˷Աפ飬ʺüڣͶôһľƵꡣ
һæµ֮еıԱõ˷Ӣۺ޼˻б忡ĸˣһձ˵·£Ƶ߲18¥һͳ׷ڡ


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ڱֱ˵ļϣԼܶסһʱ䣬ҲʵΪհ͵Ƕ鵧ˣйʱ򣬵һֱ˾ͳεģĹϽ쵼õֺԣй޼
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ⳡճ־õսһֱ˾ʮǰᵽĴɳǺĵ쵼ˣ1993ʱ
ȻɳѾͶڵȻսϣϵҲһֱΪ˵ս
սǷǳģڵֳִ󷽵ıֱɾΪĿˣԵհ͵ǶסҾƵܵ˵һЩ˵С


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հ͵ǶֻǵһͨũɽƫƧҲûܵսķţʹˣֱҵ쵼˲ͳһǼ֮󣬵հ͵ǶҲͳΪ˵άϵձѺùϵŦˡ
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˵ʵ忡ü˴ѰƽѾǰǰˣҵʱйҲӳ˵ѽƽȡء
ұ忡һܲ⣬ƽֻжʮ֣ݾŰһ˻ƽ20ҵļ۸㣬20ֻƽҲѡ
ΪѰƽ𣬼ʮΪͶټ˽ǼƵ꣬ºֶ޼ˣҲǱܶ౱ԱҪԭ
ŵհ͵Ƕ忡·صλʮ˲ͳ׼ڣϾıӢ΢΢۾һ۵հ͵Ƕ˵ֱľ˵һ°ɣö黰

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׻˵ƲģܵõǱʲƸǾͿ뿪ƶ飬ȥĹ־޴ջ֮£հ͵Ƕվħɽ
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˵ʱ򣬵հ͵Ƕǻǵ˫ۣ¶˾֮ɫͻȻסˣ˫ڿкһţ뿪ңħ뿪ң
˸£ô£ڹϵհ͵ǶȻտڲԣӢ۶ʱŭվ޲˫סհ͵ǶĲӡ
Ҫ֪ǱӢѰǱʻƽʮУмֵһϢ


491 ħɽ£
ľܲȶҪһ򾲼
ֱ֪ᷢϴЯһСϽóһ򾲼˰סհ͵Ƕ֮ĸ첲ע˽ȥ
һȥһֶӣհ͵Ƕ𽥻ָеĿ־֮ɫȴ޼䶯촽춼û˵
ˮӢ۴ʱǻָ侲Ҳ֪հ͵ǶǱ֮Ϊħɽĵطʲô飬Ȼ˰Ͷǡ
Ǹս뵽ɽһжƽӹֱıˮȥ֮󣬵հ͵ǶѸղŽһľ˵ȥ
հ͵Ƕ飬δħɽǽ뵽ɽ֮󣬷ɽзǳİïܣȥɽҲûʲôͬ
õհ͵Ƕ˽ŵһ㻺⣬ɽȥ
ڵĵطһƬδԭʼɭ֣ûе·ԣǰй˽ĺۼƺҲϺҶڸסˡ
汲ħɽֲհ͵Ƕ˷ǳĽÿ׵ʱ򣬶õ;ǺţԷɽʧ
ɽƲվ෴ƽ̹֮вСĿ϶ͨһֻм䳤Ӳݣհ͵Ƕţǰɽейˣ·ȥġ
ǵĲ²ȻûдΪ߳Լһ·ʱ򣬵հ͵ǶȻо²ȵһӲŲЬĽŵۡ
ǺҶһƳγӤƴС˼ǰ
ƽһǻƽ𣡡ȻεĽɫôһ˿ʹǴûмƽĵհ͵Ƕˣڵһʱ䣬Ժоðͷ
ϱ˽̵ķհ͵ǶǱЩĽݺݵҧһ£ҧ֮ǿש״ĽϣȻһŵӡ
Ҫ֪ƽʱȽʹָϿ̻ɫʮָߵĻƽ𶼻µĿ̺ۣհ͵Ƕʵ˵ǵõľһש
֣õհ͵Ƕϲ񣬺ԣשЩйͽģֻǲ֪ΪΣһ飬պñǵõˡ
ȻʱϸĻҶһǻƽ𣬲ܷĸӲͨôһשнǧˣյʱˮƽ㹻Ǽʳǵʮˡ
˵ֹ̰ģհ͵ǶȻשļֵͬʱҲЩй˲ĲƸӵĿһ뵽Ǳʾ޴ĲƸҪҵ˶ǼĻ
ǰĻƽȫȻԼħɽУհ͵Ƕƽպ֮󣬸Ͳһ¾ҪĻƽѰ
ڼɽߵʱ򣬼ҵҵƽ֮ÿ˵ȢϱãȢϱãϾҸЦݣȫȻ֪Ѿǻ
ͨĵطͷԵˣ׷ȥ֪֮УѾ뵽ħɽ
հ͵Ƕоͷ̫ƺûɢȸָʱŷ֣ԭǲ֪ʲôʱѾ뵽һǳҶ֮С
ҶԼʮףϷɽܱطʯѾƿˣϡЩڻǿҶҲ֮ǰûзֵԭ
뵽汲ǵĶŹѾЩҶ֮ɭɭĸоհ͵ǶﶼЩëǲ֪ǰǷʲôΣա
뵽հ͵ǶǿƽټϵЩй˰ȻĴɽгջǹȼʱ׼õĻѣҶȥ
ΪҶûֲڣʮ֮Ƿ֣ΪµĺۼԽԽ࣬ЩˮĵطȻؿӡõհ͵Ƕ˷
һͷʯѿԿĵطʱͻȻ֣ǵǰһͨ˴ĲΧǻˮγһɼ׵Сˮ̶ǲΧм䣬ΪһռشԼжʮƽҵСƽ̨
ͷ⣬հ͵Ƕ˺Ȼ֣ǸСƽ̨ϣȻѻڷʮٺľͷƴӡ
ΪﳱʪĻľѾˣЩѿľͷ֮Уհ͵Ƕؿ˸Ľ⡣
޴ıؾǰհ͵ǶļҲ̲סˣ»Ѿˮ̶Ǵ߳ƽ̨ȥ
հ͵ǶȻҲǺܼжķˣжһ֣ڻǻˮ̶ʱŻվ˰ϣûкһȥ
Ҳǵհ͵Ƕ֣һΪܵǸ˽Ҫƽ̨ʱ򣬾䷢ˡ
Ѿһֻ̤ƽ̨ϵǸˣȻ׵µˮ̶˻ûͻأľʧˮϡ
Ҫ֪ˮ̶ĵطѣվڸû˶ͻ״һЦվڰߵĵհ͵Ƕʱסˡ
һĻˮ̶ȴûзǵעǽƱƽ̨ϣȵհ͵ǶӦгʱǺ͵һһһûʧˮУ˫ͽ͵ˮץ˼¡

һͷ¶ˮ棬ڷһ֮Ǳһ˫ħĴȥǵһˮ̶﷢Ǹˡ
ˮ̶ˮʮֵ͸ͷ䣬վĵհ͵Ƕؿ淢һУ޴Ŀ־壬彩Ӳܵͷûг֡
ڵհ͵Ƕԭһˮ̶ھȻʮ׳Ӱӣͬһ㣬ˮ̶вϷţ޴βͲʱ¶ˮ棬صĳһˮơ
հ͵Ƕ֮ȥجΣؿǰһУ鱻Щˮо˺ҧ龰Ҳ
ڻܼǵãˮ֮Щ龪ֺһħӰӣϵϲƼѹţȻӲİ˵򶼸˳̱ľˮһƯˮϡ
ֱʱЩǲſʼʳ˵ʬ壬һž޴ڷֱҧס˼˵֫ͷ­֮£ˮ̶ʱѪ̶հ͵ǶҲˮеˡ
һظе紵հ͵Ƕ͵ش˸ӻָƿԼ֮ûˮ̶пһۣתȥ
֪ΪЩħǷʳڵհ͵Ƕ󣬲ûһ׷ͷֻһӳȥͷĵհ͵ǶȻʹĳɹҶڵ֮ϡ
ֻǸոսӴ⣬հ͵ǶͻȻоͷһ裬ʣµͲ֪ˣԼ֪ôصСɽġ


492 еִ
ڽʮУֿ־һֱŵհ͵Ƕľʱʱʧ˶÷ģÿڴҴܡ
ѵʱ򣬵հ͵Ƕںڣ̰ԼԼĻ飬ͷɥʧǿסĻƽҲ֪ʲôʱʧˡհ͵ǶʧʱǴɽлƽħеĻƽħģܰ˻̽
ϵĴ˵ϵհ͵Ƕ˵ﻹ˸ٽħɽ˵ƽǴһﴫģģհ͵ǶģҲʹ˶ħɽȴˡ
ʮ֮󣬵հ͵Ƕķ軰ֱ־֮в԰Ρ
հ͵Ƕ㷢ֵǿƽ棬Ƿдʲô壿
հ͵Ƕؽߺ󣬱Ӣ۵ðһƾ⣬Զ϶ԼʧƽƱͱħɽС
Ҫ֪Ѱô꣬ӢҲŹħɽģҲɽѰֻǰɳʮˣûһ˴ɽ
ӢɳˣǼеľ֣ȻɽȫûҲʹñӢΪһأй˾Բܽ벢ƽġ
ټʱĵհ͵ǶĴܣûб˷ֱ֣ڣӢ۲ŵõǱʲƸȷϢ
Ҳʶ֣̻һЩŤŤͼհ͵ǶһӶûǸɽ壬Ϣձռ鶼֪˵ʶձˡ
ܻ𣿡Ӣ۵ЩȻѾ϶հ͵ǶЩƽ𣬾鶪ʧģѰ˽ͣӢҲ޷ˡ
ܣ
հ͵ǶʮԺгľǻƽЩɭţƽϵͼߣμ½ӹֱݹֽʣ滭
Ѻͣ
Ȼհ͵ǶֽϵıʻŤŤģǱӢۻһ˳ǡѺ֣͡ҲǵʱվԵλձʵš
ڶսʱڣձиϰߣǾӵƽͰЩ֮ڵؽƽڻͳһɴСһĽשȻŻ˻ձı
ΪǵձϵĵλЩƽϣһ㶼ԿСѺʡţԿֺ󣬱Ӣ˿ǡ
֪Ķ˵ˣʲôʱԻؼҰ
հ͵Ƕʹ޶ۣҲˣЩ˵Ŀ꣬Ϊƽ𣬲ʱʧȥ˵õǱʲƸֻǸԼСɽ
հ͵ǶȥϢˣģǺܿͻͻȥģܿ죡ӢɫĶԵհ͵Ƕ˳ŵʾⱱֱ˽ͻȥ
ҪҪ°ѵհ͵Ƕ󣬱ֱڲһ
˸£ҸղŵĻû𣿡
Ӣ۲Ȼŭһ˱ֱϣѵΨһħɽˣҪõǱʻƽ𣬻Ҫѵôȥ𣿡
³çˣȻǱѪǱֱͲȥã˫һ٣ͷһͣظȴͦñֱ
ձ绹ͥг˾ϰߣҪ˵ǻǷڰ˶֮ǾԲģһͦŵͷ
ձΪ߹ͷصǸͷԽͣ˵ǸԽԲӰӾ绹ʵУձ˼̵ģЩ˶һص
յհ͵Ƕ˵ģħɽ쳣ΣգҪСĴ°
õܱ򣬱忡æ˻⣬ղŵհ͵ǶҲľսгһȺʳ˵ľ
Ҵ˴˶Ǳľ񣬱忡Ҳʧʹñһ겻ʹεļҲǺܴˡ
ЩѵЩŷմҲ𣿡
Ӣ˿ûԼļ̳ӣֱ׼ɽҪҩƷԼʣһ磬˶ǱĻ
ղְһǶ⣬黹Щ㱵ıֱѹͲΥǰ˵ԸӦһ֮󣬴Ҵ߳˷䣬忡ʹû֡
׻˵Ǯð£ھ޴Ĳ߶£׼ܿˣֱʮԽҰнˣڵڶһͳǰ

ڱֱִ飬ѰԱĵڣҶʻǼװ׳֦ȥ
ζɽƱϵͣΪԭкų߷Ŀ壬·ߣǽ赽⼸װ׳½Ǹϵ֦ҪѺüʱ䡣
ڵڶҹɫٵʱ䣬Ҷһ˲λڶ֦ʮ๫ﴦ
ϰ壬ǽסҰˣЩʵڲġ
װ׳ͣ˾ԶһɽȸֱһС;⣬ʹвսǩ֤ͨҲǺܱգһ˷ֵĻǽ粽С
Ҷ˵ͷŵͼϿһ֮˵ֱǰĵһܸϲ·סһ졣
ȻװɳѾͶˣǵĳӲܵĸţԽߣ·Խ᫣Ҷ·̣ѾǺֹ۵ˡ
г̺Ҷ˿װ׳ЩսҲϣܶ˽˶ɻߴ󸻺Ĺ߶װ׳Ҷûʲôע
ռܴ󣬺ˮɸˮݻγɵĸؾڸϽ˷ݹסޣγһصķ羰ߣŲʿǰ档
һ鵱صزҹĻȫٺȴǵƻͨصӢһϵȼ𣬸סڵϵĿǱýŻıݣһֱˮвŻָƽ
ڶһҶ˾뿪ţͬʱڶ֦һƽϵУҲһ֧ӴĶ鿪ʼ֮á
վ뵧ľ룬Ҫȶ֦ӽһЩҶڰ;ӪʱʮԽҰѾۼλڵһɽ֮Уǵհ͵ǶǸСɽ塣
һٶ˵Ӵ飬ɽ嶼ˣűӢ۵ħɽ䣬ʹ£ЩǽӢ۵Ϊ˹ͣûеִǵص
ɫѾˣǲнɽ
ԶǺħɽڣ֪ΪΣ忡һֲԤףѡĻ˵ͷߣԲط
Ӣ۳˵ɳһ飬Ѵ·ˣһɽ


493 ʿ
ҹĻĽ٣˴Сɽָֻƽ
ɽܣʮɽΧΧҲЩձ˵ӰܼЩɽŵƹ˼ҡ
һԼңеɹŰУ̵ݻĵ̺ŵĲϣһʿʿдš˳áĸ֡
ڡ˳áĸֵ棬ףӢУԱߵĲ輸Ϸֱˣоб忡͸˴ξжıֱ
һȵı忡ʱȴ¶һ˿ɫʱؿϵı룬˺һСؿ˵Լʱ䵽ˣǻûл
忡˵ˣСʱ֮ǰħɽ̽ǲСӣԭ忡ǷҹħɽģֻΪıӢۼ֣֧˵Ķ黹Ǳ˳ȥ
ļ徫һнˣɳ˸ԭʲôñ忡Ľǣ֮УĶӱҲһֱĳӡ
忡ӣӢ˵忡ϰҪģܱɱ۾ҲҪס飬ҵ״ӣҺγֲأ
˵ӢۺȻһתĻǶǳģֻопĿ飬ܳɳΪǱĶ֮ģ
ᵽʱ򣬱Ӣѵõ¶һ˿ЦݣȻжǿء
˵öԣҶˣܱӢ˵öԴ˶ɳȥˣôҲûã忡Ҳֻˡ
ͻȻ洫һɧңƿˣһȫ±ɫ·ֻʣһ˫۾˽ڱӢ۵ǰ˵Ѿ·ħɽһ֮ĵطСӣΪˣ
ţô£ɳİĸǱӢҲ¶˾㵵ı飬ʵΪʲôô󣿡
Ҫ֪ɳİˣǼھӢеľǴʱ򣬾ͱʵҩ֭壬ҩ֭ǱйõĹŴ䷽ǿ徭Ͷȣڵʡ
ʱЩϵĺӣͻᱻЧҼ˼룬һɢѵӪһЩСвпѵ
ѵĲпᣬϵģЩǵ飬Ҳһ־޴ĴݲУΪѵĿĿҪɱԼĻ顣
ںǵĵֿ˵ЩѵӪǵĺȭѵӪ£һʮ˵ѵӪܻģˣЩˣǱʿ
ȻЩϵӵǣǺһǲģǱ̭ȥĵϵӵܣڼﱻԵˣֻǵŴмѪ
Ӣ۶ȡλú󣬴ʮǰʼ齨ѵӪΪֹҲֻõ˶ʮϸʿʧĸ˺ҲǱɫ
Ǳҧģһˣǡ˻סˣ
ǱﾭʮĲпѵĥղħɽеļţȻ¶һ˿ɫɱԸĪ
ڸսħɽʱǵнٶȷǳĿ죬;һ·Яǵ϶߶ҩǵ뵽ĵطʱּɽϵĹľԣסɽ塣
ЩľͰҲϥȣߵĵطǴﵽһ׶࣬棬޷ֹľеļԱÿ·ʱ򣬱ҧ۾ġ
û۾Ϊ·ƷԺͼͶȼߣĶûа취ҧҲǱӢ۷ɳҹ̽·Ҫԭ
ֻھһƬľʱ֪ǷΪһѣǧ߷ӵ˲Ͱǰ˸ûˣҽй󣬾ҲûϢˡ
ȻںıѶȫˣղŵͬ飬ͬҲһ߾߽õʬ塣
ñ˾裬ûǰмףͻǹǰ棬ɽгʪǲ֡
ǰ˴ףľ𽥼Ҳ˿ʱǶҲһˣͻȻһҺѭȥһסˡ
ߣһеŽȴֲֻҪһЩ֦ҶɢıĶǣЩ֦ҶĶ˴һɫСɢ˵ķҷ
ֻڴ˿̣Щ֦ҶȻһ㣬ǵĶѸεİסˣ֦ҶһʴԼǿҺ壬ڶ̶̵ʮڣϵķͱʴˡ
ȵＸ˷Ӧʱ˵Ѿʼ˸ãĽڶ֮£ֻܶǹöѺɱ˵ľһȼ
ӶıʣЩСܵϿѵʿҲĵ⣬֮̽ϳ˻
ôʳ˻ӵؽߺ󣬱Ӣ۵ɫҲ
˻ͳ϶ʵڵģһֲֻֽ˻ǶﲻСЩϸҶӱϴΧצһذסϵڳʪĲݵϣֱʹ˶á
ֻϵĴ֩룬ӵܺߵϣϸϸ˱;׽رһͣ֩˵ųķֳΪֻķϡ
ʳ˻ľһ㶼ֲѷïܵԭʼɭֺ͹ش޻ûгֲֹ
ڿƼ˷Ľ죬ȻѾ˸еˣǰʵñӢһֲ̫õԤУħɽ
Ӣ۳һԵı忡ٽԼĶɳæ˵ħɽĪ⣬ҿǻǵ˿ɣҲܼһЩ
ãȥϢɣ췢飬ͲҪ˵ȥˡ
Ӣ۵˵ͷԸǱŰ٣н嶼߸ħɽķͷñº󣬱Ӣ۵һĺͱ忡ֱ˶Բߡ

ħɽϢɵǼʿʱ򣬾ħɽٶ๫ﴦһɽҲżʮΧһտ
Ҷүһ˵Ǹʲôȥİ
¼ϵҰȣ䳿СĵҶʵദоҶ첢۸ڶӵܣƽʱǷǳ˵ġ
˵طǾ֪ˣ磬ȡϵ
Ҷҡҡͷ۾޾ڰҹĻпȥ·˳գħɽĻ⡣


494 벶ϣ
صģģǻܶ˲ɣ
¼Ҷ컰ֻ˵һӣСļǾܵģĶȻҲһ˿ҵõġ
֪ʲôúϢþ񣡡
Ҷ첻ص˺һۣ깶ļĶˣǵʱŵĶ֣ʹ˻ʧˣԼЩ˶ֻ˴ǳͨˣһͻɥ
ҵ깶ļ뿪ʱħɽҶ֮еλãһŹɷ󷨣ΧԲڵɷ˱صΧʮ۵ɷ˲ɱ䳿ˡ
հ͵Ƕľʧʵ޹ϵֻǵʱ󷨳ɣ۵ɷǺܶ࣬Ļհ͵ǶͲֻ־ˣҲ޷ӳħɽ
ȻǻĹļΪڵҶ죬ԶҲȽϴǳֻʮĻۣҲʹΪһƬ֮أҶҪƿҲҪһ۵ġ
ҶɫȻҲٿЦˣ䳿˸ǳԱ֮ͽϢһҹ޻ڶֵʱװ׳ɽֵļžħɽȥ
ٶ๫ľҪǷڵ·״õĵطҲСʱĹֻɽֵشͨѾܲˣнٶʮֵĻߵ磬ͼϵħɽʮ·̡
ɳɳϰ壬ϰ壡
Ҷһ³׼緹ʱҶĶԽȻһɳɳ̶ĺ
Ҷ¶ԽʵҶ죬ʲô飿ڴﵽʲôλˣ
ѾִħɽΧЩԣ
ʱվһԼʮ׵Сϣǳװ׳ͣ·ﳵϱɫֲαװߵǰһ˶Է֡
ħɽںǸСɽ壬ԼһǧңŸ߱ԶؿΡ
ΧȻѾڴΧĳڴּݴԿһЩͱ뺷Բսˣǵļ϶Զһһʮ˳ǹˣӸ
ְҵˣЩ˺ðôһͷöԽҶ
취ץסһŪǵܹжˣ
Ҷһû뵽Լ׷ϾȻǱ˽ȵˡ
ϰף
Ӧһ͹ر˶Խ˼ƣҶ⼸£ǰ˸ﻵˣܻصϤм˾һ˷ܡ
ձ˵ľܣԱǰΧסСׯĶǾԲԳ֣Ǳ뵽ׯֻʮ׵ĵطϢһǹʵľ
СеһԱձפ˵Ȼûʲô⡣
ΧЩģȻҪʲô̱ƹ£̶̵ӺǾ͸˶Էͻ䱸Ҳ˳һ
ԭα壬һһٰʮԱÿ˾Զһö߱ըǻһװ׳ʮǹ
Ҫǣһٶеľ󲿷ˣڹйӶľʮУ˵սҲϹսɱ¾ˣװĻһ֧ǿľˡ
Ȼһ˵񣬱ӢͬûжԼ˵ΧԱֻ֪˶뵽ɽУȥʲôģ˵Ȼˡ
ϰ壬Ǿİ
Է״ǿҲǿЦǿҲֻĸˣҪһٶְͬҵ˵ձսﻹûʲô
ׯһƬ棬߾ħɽڣһƽֻһЩͰĹľԣֵĴڣڽ͵ϮսǸղŵҲŵףûбЩԱ֡
Ҷûлش⣬ǳʵҶĹӶﵽʲôĵȼ
ӶǷֵȼģӶȼԽߣӶķҲԽ󣬶ڹӶͬУӶǵְҲϸĻֺ͹涨Ӧıܹ꣬ʹЩְҵӶȥӦְ
ͺһһǮһֻ㲻ָǧĹӶڣͻΪģ˳Ҳ𵽴ߵá
ϰ壬ŮʿǩߵȼĹӶͬȨǽսҶʻЦЩɬҶ˼һս޷ˡ
㲻õģҲȥ顣
ĿЦԽдҶҪħɽЩȻûסħɽڣֻҪЩǴеˡ
Ȼ˴αһٶˣҲǸո˴Ҷ첢ǺܵģµǱѾõغ뿪ʹͨı죬Ҳ޷׷ձػƽġ
ϰ壬˵ĵ棿
ҶĻΪ֮һһٶ˶̱ӣûǱ£͵ϮʮԲǺܸߵľкܴġ
ûֻҪܽҷסħɽڣ֮ĹӶͬˣ
ҶڶԽһظԼĻ󣬶ŸոճԱ˺ץʱ䣬Сʱ֮ڣϵָص㣡
ǧħɽɴ峿ǴһȺħžɽֱֳĺ쳹ɽǰһĴʽװ׳ѹһſڴϸľ
нٶȲ죬Ϊ˱뿳һЩֵ⣬ЩطҪʱĸԹװ׳ͨ
һЩԭҹĶҲ޴˯оװ׳нĶ֮Уʱʱᴫһ󾪺ǿûʿСǾķ
֮ǰ׼ԣֶѪ嶼䱸Ȼһ·нжʮ˲ҧˣȴûһĸСʱȥ֮󣬳֮ǰʳ˻ĵط
վǱս˵ʳ˻ǰ˰ΣӢ˰ѵհ͵Ƕ˹Ƶ˵հ͵ǶΪĲʵҵĺ˺ܴ֪㻹ʲôҵ𣿡
հ͵Ƕһ־ؿܵĵΣҷģ˵ľ䶼ģǰףͻ뵽ǸҶˣ㡭ǲǰˣħήģ
ʵʿСӵֵܹհ͵ǶϣΪħɽϵʳ˻ϿģרŲʳЩҹ


495 벶У
ܺãԸ˵Ķģ
Ӣ۶߰۾ضڵհ͵ǶϣĵһսصȺʱĳСĺ鲻ϵĴӶͷ䡣
ǰҶشӰСѾȥˣ
Ӣۻ䣬ǰϢעתƿհ͵Ƕһ˵ϣղűӢ۸ѹʵ̫ˡ
Ӣ۳һ£˵ӰСӲýȫ˳Ҷץٶǰ
ӰСǱרŸɱ֯ձó٣ǵʿСӻҪ٣һֻʮӢһʧ
ڱӢ۵£нٶּӿ˼֣֪ʲôԭ򣬾Ҷڻٶ׵ʱľȻϡ
ϵĹľҲˣЩط¶ɫǰƽһٶףԭߵͷ󺹵ˣͻȻо࣬ȶѸȴţͷŵ̫ƺûôˡ
Щ仯ȻһЩ˵ע⣬ǶΪɽжصģûô£һ½ȥǷ
ħһħ䣡
û˷֣Ÿڶ֮еĵհ͵Ƕ˿ɫһƬɷףõصţһλ𿴹˷ţµհ͵ǶҲûˡ
ȻһǰطѾȥʮ꣬հ͵ǶļǵãдҶ֮ǰһ·϶ǱֲһƬȻ
ʱǰЩԭڵֲȻƾʧһ㣬һٶףհ͵ǶûмһֻϻĴڣؼһƬš
ħɽĵμΪĹ죬ɽеЩҶڣһϿȣڳʱͷԿ۹⣬ǵһξ֮ͻᷢѾˡ
ҵҶһʱͷйߴԼʹҪѻߵƹ⣬ҲܿеΣҲһЩ˲֪ߵҶ
֪γɵĵòܶط״ͬģԹһ۸ӣͷڱϡʱ򣬱Ӣ۽ͣ˶飬ΪҲӦǹ䡣
һ˿΢綼ûУȴǸоһ̹ǵĺֱ͸飬͸ղˬĸоȫͬնЩԵһЩˣѾ̲סʼ΢
Ӣ۵¶һ˿غ;ɲϢ˽͡
ڣÿʱӢ۵ľ봩İʹ࣬Ǳ̬ʵҲǷйʹһȻĻ±ӢͲסˡ
źǹɷһ޶ϢӢ۵˼ɻصʮǰ
ǻıӢֻۣǼһĵϵӵܣΪĸףһʮӡ
ǺܳڵıӢۣΪ˻һĻᣬż뵽ѰĶ֮УֻǵǰλڶսѾ˵ļǰѰرصʱ򣬲ŷֱѾ˽ȵˡ
ôӵϴŭѣɳó׷мԱһ֮󣬷һйشҾǲ֮ǰ
λϵϣ׷ȥһؽһص򵼣Щй˼뵽йڵʱһҪĵطסǡ
ӢԶǣһƻѪİһٶλ徫ӢһϿȵԣҲЩйعıؾ֮·
ֻøӢû뵽ǣǸֻжʮ˵Ķ쳣СģǸ䣬еһ㣬ոս뵽ϿеʱϾ͵תͷسȥ
ֻں󷽣Ҳб岼õķΪ˸Щصľ䣬ʱλϲûǹʮ˽Ⱥй˸Χ
ǽ飬˶ʼϲѾ·йˣȻȳˣǸͷйʹһ棬һ澹Ȼնɱ
ЩйˣһҲɽͻһƲɵʮľڶһ£ڶ̶̵ļڣȻЩй¾һա
ͻıʣЩȻɽļԱȫɵˡ
кܶ˶μӹֻսǵӡй˾ǿ׳йˣƴ̵ʱҲȫǵĶ֡
ǰΣȴǵ߸ǰ֪Щйһֱɱһ㣬мɱԼ֮õӹгھ׽
ӵϱɱ˵ĲֶΣʹЩϰڷϼձˣһʱ䲻֪Ǻˣֻŵӣ۳žҪʧЩй뵽ϿԵĴ֮С
ǹɱǣ
ʱһǹˣӢ֮Щձ˶ʱҵĹǣ׼·йˣӵк˳ȥ
Ҫ˵ձ˵ĵսǺǿڻҺû׼֮µӵһӾ̵ʮ߰˸йˣʣµˣǶ뵽һʯĺ棬ͱ˽
ɹľɱҲЩձʰţΪղŲĿ־
ڼԷֻʣ˵ʱЩձһ໽ţγʿϿȣǾҪʿķϴˢղĵĳ衣
ֻʵһδǣȻԷֻʣˣһս֮ʮ˵ĳûţǼйֽնɱʮˡ
ΣձҲɱѪ˿־壬ϵƣǼй˽ֻ֧ʣǸͷ˺һ̤׳ڿ֧ţҲȴǰΧ
ӢԽթʱ棬ۼʱǸʹйЩ֧ˣߵߣڶԷ¶һ۸ն
ֻǶԷӦ죬ûȱӢۼսһľĿͱȥߵõܿʱӢѻһѿݹˡ
ȻȻˣƻ˱ӢۣʱӢֻоһɴѪ˳ȥ
ģУӢۿ׳һŭ𣬾Ȼƴɱһ·ڻǶϱ˳˰ΧȦں飬Ӣ۾û۵üˣΪʱѾ˹ȥ
ıӢۣһʱ͸оޱȣҲԸ˾޴ı仯ɱŮŮĶУҲǺ顣
źÿշ֮ȫһϢӢվ壬Ȼ΢΢ز֪ʱԼǺ»Ǽ
˸£ļңѵ㻹û𣿡
Ӣʶʱ֮һַʽٴǸ֪ļҵйˣһˡ


496 벶£
ձԴϸȨ֮󣬾һֱû޸Ұģڸɳ˴鱨Ա
ƽδ֮󣬱ܿͲЩ˵ɴ˱ӢҲ֪˹ļҵ֣һ֪˾ֻʱڣձʧصйԱ
󱱹˴ԴɳǱ̨ӹļҿлȡƽ䣬˾㵵ǣսĹļңȻһĻ֮ɥˡ
ǽʵʰɷ֮뵽ҶڵıӵܾϱɫǶСˣڵѪʢһʱǵûܵʴ
ʹˣЩԲˣҲоЩܲסˣһͬ˳һϯɷڲ߽ǵľվǰˣɫֳһֲĲҰɫ
ù죬ǻʱҪȥɣ
վڱӢı忡ɫҲʮֵѿǱѵһҵţЩҪ֧ţ±ʽͶϵˡ
ֻǱ忡ƽ̫Ͼϰȴϡƽ֮һЩͨļӵܻܿЩ磬־ʮּᶨĻ˿Ѿزסˡ
ˣȫ˳ȥ
忡Ļһֱڻ֮еıӢۻȻɫ䣬˴ǰ˿ȫǼеľһͬһˣǱӢ۾ҪΪˡ
ʵӢǶˣ깶ļһƺ޶һĹϣͬʱһ˿ɷ뵽ڣǹɷʹñӢˣȴĵµģļԼ֪
ʱŹɷɷֻ˵ϵͳӰ죬ֱƻ˵񾭣ʹ˲þ˺ȴǺܴġ
ĻЩԭ㷲ļӵǣˮȥ
˵Ҳ֣ǽ˳ʮ֮ĸоʱʧһգͷֱµ⣬Ļůģ͸ղȣֱǱһ㡣
ţΪʲôûл
վס˽ŲӢ۷֣ԭվλôһϵıЦЦ۾ֱؿҶǵհ͵Ƕ
ȥӢתͷԸһ䣬Խڶհ͵Ƕ˹ȥ
ֻûȶܵհ͵Ƕߣվĵհ͵ǶȻֺһд˻ţħҪɱ㣬Ҫɱ㣡
źհ͵Ƕ˽ŲҶȥֻڿץţںʲôڲһ㣬ЩˣжһӺ⣬ܳȥ˶վס˽Ų
Ҷеĵ沢ƽܳʮ׺󣬵հ͵Ƕ͹һʯͷ˵ϣ֮󣬵հ͵ǶͻȻ˫סԼĲӣзҰһĴϢ
Ҳ֪հ͵Ƕôһ֮£Ѫɫʱ沿ǵͨ죬˫һ͹˳ȥȲš
̶̵ֻļʮ룬հ͵Ƕֹͣһ˿ѪĿӳеعͿֲˣ˶ǲغһеһ
ɱ£ÿоʮɱƽ40һˣҲǶֶзϵŵģձ˵ĴͳĿʸԸԸڳһǵһεü
˸£Ψһ뵽Ҷĵ˾ôˣӢ۲ɴŭߵղܳȥߣسĸӡ
ڱӢۻϼʱȺͻȻһϵӢۣŭԽԽȶˣ
ڼоȻ˸ֱӢ۵֣ЩӵǴ󾪣׷ѭȥȴǷ֣Ⱥм䣬վ͵ˡ
Ӧһֱһģֵǣֱеһ˳˵˲ŷǵĴڡ
ȴñŭеıӢ˲侲ͷȺȥ˵ٷϣӢܣôһֱûҵǼʹüû䣡
ٷϣȻǱٷ򣿡
ҵ죬ٷϾȻţ
Ӣۻ䣬Ⱥһ󾪺˵Ŀⶼϣ֪ĸˣǱӢ۳֮Ϊٷϵıٷ
㣬й࣬Զձһ֮Ŀġ
վмǸҡҡͷǵ˫ͻȻ¶һƾ⣬˵طЩŹ֣ܿǱ˲󷨣
󷨣Ӣһ㶣ʵٷϣƽİ취
Ӣ֪ǰˣʹڱУҲһλʽڵһսǰͿʼߵѵ游ȥйʱҲûжѵ
йھҵǸıٷ켣ڴϺðйĴݷʦѧա
ʮʱ򣬱ٷйĽںϵ˼彣֮Уʹñһĵڸ֮࣬ҲһЩʽڵʱձ˼ĺ䶯Ϊһʦʮʱ䣬ͽ뵽˼峤ϻ֮С
վֻڼ䣬ٷΪеһԱйҲǷУδձĽ֣Χʦѧյʦţɱйʿ
ձսͶ֮󣬱ٷͻȻ伣ˣ˶֪ȥ򣬺ܶ˶Ϊս֮£ǰٷĳ֣ʵЩǴһ
ӦѲµ󷨣йһģ
ٷǰ˶ʮಽ۾ǹŨɷ֮󣬿˵ഫйһˣԪδܵüͽܣǹļңӢۣҲ֪˵ģ
ٷֻʱڣ͹ļҶнձߣļˣڽһΪ֪
Ȼ˫ǻʤǱٷףеʱվǿʢıΪܣ߾ţѱļɱ仨ˮˡ
ȻٷϣȻµ󷨣϶мıˣӢһɳ޵Ŀ⣬ʮÿռʹԹļǺ֮ˡ
й󷨱Ī⣬Ҫһʱ䣡
ٷй͵յʱڸѳɣȻѧһЩŶݼףǶŸĵĴУȴûнӴõ󷨣˵ƾƽġ
ãǾȫٷˣ
Ӣü˼ʮף򱱹忡ʵΧ˻ûϵΪʲô
ڽħɽڣǺϵĪжˣֻشƫƧӢ۲û뵽Ⲷ֮󣬻һֻƴĻȸ


497 ȸںϣ
ûϵϣʲôĴųͨ豸޷ͨ
忡ҡҡͷ˵Ҹղɳ˻תǴӣֻǻ;߳ڶ࣬˶ҧˣֻܵȡƽ֮󣬴һȥˡ
˽ɽʱװ׳ģǹľԣڵ·ǵߵҩжó濿
ǵ߹֮Щַ׷׾ۼҲ֪ǷΪ䣬ЩЩҩﲢʮֵĸðЩֻصǵĵϣ˾ʱⲻһǡ
Ѿ֪˱ز棬ҪȻ˻ȥӳɺã
֪Ϊʲô忡ʼЩĸоָоڵͶʹʧ֮ǰҲֻʱ΢ᣬûĻ
ҲǴ֮󣬱忡뵽Ұ֮УʼƼĶͶʵ⣬ֱǰ꣬űڶΪӰˡ
ҵĸоҲãǴ˴ΣҪȡأ
ӢҡҡͷҲʮˣɷԽԽƵӢҲ֪Լ֧ŵʱѰǱʱأĿ
ʱȡҪǱΧǿ¹ؼȻûҿѵ⣬Ǳ忡˵ĿѾܲˣ˵֮Ҳ㷣´ŭ˱Ӣۡ
忡ʱңѾ˰ˣȥˣ
Ӣҿһۣƺĳģű˵ȫ£ӰɱСӣʮھ䣡
ڱڣһΪĴڣһ߹ɵӰСӣרŸ͵Ϯɱʹ̽鱨һʿСӣ𹥷ɱ¾ߺ֮ΪӰɱ
ձսʱУ϶СӵĴڣĵء׺ءص߼壬ǵȱҪһ
ڱӢ۵£ӰɱСһʮˣϷֲչЩԱ׷׸ϵʮ⣬γһԲΣԲмĳڣֻվˡ
ɺ󣬱Ӣ۶Ÿղվڱٷߵһ˵̫ϣ忡Ǽе̳飬롭Ӧˡ
ϵʱ򣬱ӢȴһֹΪݣǰıֻ̫ͣԼԸ볤ϻѡ
̫Ӣ۵Ļ󣬵˵ͷ˵忡ұ߻ܣܱ֤⴫𣿡
ϣ忡ԲὫκһ֣뵽˵ĶУͳӣ忡ͷԭͲƽûô򵥣ʵȻϣ滹бĻܡ
ã忡֪ˣӢɫ
֪ǼӢۣ鳤ԱӢ۵⣬忡еЩ⣬ƽ𣬾Ǳصģ΢Щλ˶֪
Ӣ۳˵ʦŵʦų٣ҲͬǼƵĸˣ
Ļ󣬱忡ԾŴ죬һ帺ˣҪԲڼһ㶼ڣ忡û뵽ǸʱȻǱ为ƹܼĽǮ
ӢһǱϵһӢ۱˾ǰμĶӣվߵı̫֣ղἰı䣬ȴ̫ϵֵܡ
忡ʱ뵽˵ʲôȴ޷ץסɿʵ˼ҡҲס
Ӣۻ˵忡֪ΪʲôսұطչԶԶ𣿡
֪忡ҡҡͷսųģֱʮĩűӢʶ֪Ķޡ
ڽƱĲȨ󣬱忡ҲһֱĴɻΪӴޱȵı壬ʵܶõʽǳޣ඼һЩͱձĵλ൱
ΪǱʲ󲿷ֶڱУսЩʲҲͳΪһţţ֣һὫЩƸġ
űӢ۵ؽߣһֻڱĵܣչ˱忡ǰ
ԭΪ޶ȵĴǳսıȡ棬嵱ʱеľӢǲ˳ȥƹܲȨı䣬Ҳɴʦŵʦų
ʱӸսĲȡľ޴Ƹͨ㼯˱С
սձ¶ƣʶսֿԻᷢ仯׸һŷޣԼƹܵļƸȫʿ֮С
ʿʷһֱϵĽҵҲΪģƵĽϵǵġбܡƶȶԹֽ޴ʹսʱڣҲձ˽ǮС
û֪便ʿ˶ٲƸһԿ϶ǣĽǮٷ֮ʮС
ֻ˭û뵽ȻΪʾˣȻǸδؾģӵۣһԶûü
ڵʱڱߵļӵܽϢ˳ȥǸƽˣֻ֪ŵķλҲһֱձͶ֮󣬱̽ƽľص㲢ǰҪԭ
ԭˣˣ𷣣
ľ֮󣬱忡ŻȻѹֱӢ۲˼ڶ˵ķԣ޽ǼƵ꣬ÿ궼ͶʽԭĿĲΪǱʻƽ𣬶ҵʿеЩƸ
һսʱձսսʱϯǣõĲƸֱһ֣ʹ㣬ҲҪڰԪϣЩǮӢ۵ЩͶʣ͸ʲôˡ
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˵׮غ󣬱ӢҲ˿иоһƣȵ֮󣬻صձͿԽ볤ϻȥˡ
ǣĻ󣬱忡һ󼤶⻹Ǽһ¶ҪȨ˼
ļҵ겼󷨣ôۻۼΧɷѾһֲֿĳ̶ȣٷȻԶ󷨣ƽҲʮѵģʱһֵַš
ɫʱҶһڵִħɽΧװ׳޴ĺЩĴǷ׷׳ݹ
Ҷ˵װЩձҲ࣬һԲʷӵĴǲû뵽ԭ߮ڴׯΧЩˣ˿ȫʬ壬ھׯ
ɵò
ǶʮʬΧ˿վҶˣӶСӵˣħɽڴΪҶ콻УǻҪɽЩձˣȫ档


498 ȸںУ
ӢһʮˣЩʬ⣬а˾ʬ屻ɽΧĹľУڰɱЩ˵ʱ򣬴ʼնʹõûһ˿춯
ֶҲҶ̾磬Ҫ˵ǿͻϮҶʲѷκˣտشʵʩɱԶЩˣﵽЩٶ׵ľ룬ҶͺǱйȥ
ϰ壬ҪҪǴɱȥ
һˣղŽʮձˣ˿̵ɷ磬˫۳Ѫ˷֮޲浶ǹٸһҲԼӶĵһĻսɡ
ְҵӶӶСϹսеʿҲʮˣǲһɵģɱ¾ʱеħ
ԶǳSεɽڣҶҡҡͷ˵ԷһٶˣǽʮûҪӲƴģйо׻벶ȸں󣬵ǳɽ֮ʱǲǶֵĺʱ
ڼֻҶºսɱľ飬䳿Щ˴ܶŹУҪ浶ǹƴǸͲģҶţҲȥӲԷһٶˡ
ϴ̨ʱΧܣ洦٣Ҷ첻Է˶࣬ħɽȴǵͰĹľԣԷһٶǹɨҶҲᱻѵġ
ֻҪҶסħɽڣ͵ڲ֮ˣûбҪһ٣ԼƺͱӢƴƴġ
˵ŻҶһ£һԪ˲û뵽ļ֮УԭѪͷ͵ش˸飬ȴ˼֡
뵽Լŵľֹͷϲð亹ͷ˵ϰ˵ǣȷҪӲƴ
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ȻڱкպƽҲǺͽͬд裬ֶзִ磬˵Ҫˣ˵鶼ٷ
˵ҶǰЩˣȻҲʿһҶ׵ĺܣھ׶ûеģڼʶ⼸ֶκһȵ䳿˵Щˡ
߰ɣȥ˵
Ҷ䳿кһͷ˵ͷҺϺǹæǼ㣬ڸӽЩ˸˰ɣôȣʲô
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ҶеĺӣСƣƹˣҾ㲻ǰЩ꿴һЩ۵ĹӰ󣬾ܵҪʦѧգҵݣΪеһԱ
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СЩη￴һۣͰ͵˵ҡҸղźǴ˼䣬˵ħɽֹһڣɽʮﴦһطԽҡҾϢӦöðɣ
ֻɵӣûкɵģ˭ܿóҶ´ҪɽЩձΧ棬һڵ飬ͱҪˡ
СƱںڵƹʡߵķϰߺԻ϶࣬ղŵ֪ϢϾҵ䳿ҴҵѰҶˡ
ʲôһڣҶһæʵӣϢȷ䣿˻᲻˵ѣ
ɽ滹бĳڣҶⷬŬͰ׷ˣҶԷпܴӱ𴦳󣬷Χǣʱ˭ͻȸͺ˵ˡ
Сҡҡͷ˵ҶүʵĺǸڷʱħɽǴӶʮǸطȥģɽеأɽ֮ߵڣֻ幫ľ롣
¹شСͷ֮󣬲ҵҶ죬ΪǸǴӴǰħɽڳ֮󣬲֪Լħɽģʱŵúü춼ûٸ
䳿Ǹ
Ҷɫֱ䣬ҽڵ϶һ£ת߽ӣŻĺºϺХǼڿӡ
û˵ϴɫѿ䳿СƣҶź¾ͳӣħɽгڵ˵һ
ҶĻ󣬺³һᣬ˵幫ﲻԶӢ۱ڹеĻһѰڣʱҪսҪӣɾȫڶԷˡ
ʦҲ֪顣
ҶҲоᣬ¶Թùļңħɽļܴ˽ѾܿɹˣﻹǣħɽҴܰ
Ҷ춢Լ˫һ̯ЦҶ죬ң¶Ҳûʲôð취
Ҫ˵´ԵˮƽҶѼɽпһٶŻ˰û˭ɵվԭúµҲΪ
ģӾҲСձǰѻƽߣ
ΪѵӣҶ̲סһ䣬ļҵձﻢڶʳʱأѲԼʦֻ֣۰Ͱ͵ؿձ˵óѣ
Ҷ죬㿪ʲôЦһ£һס׵Ҷ죬˵ǿһٶ˰һ˽ȥʲôã
ڿɲǹŴǰݣһʤ󼸺ܵ춨սľƣִ˵䣬ֻᱻΪ֫ͷԼ򵥣ʿҲΪҶ쵥ǹƥܸɳʲôġ
û£Ұһ·һȥᱻǷֵġ
ҶСر飬ûκܸı䣬˿̼Ȼ¶˾ģǱضҪħɽһˡ
˵ҶԼµ·ֻһڿ㣬ȻԼıȡһȭͷСܷƿ
šƿǣҶСбƿĵȥʱһɴ̱ǵĶζ˳ҶתںҲû飬ֱӰ͸ҩҺͿĨ
һ־бǺŵԲʷ߳ʱ̲סе·ס˱ӣûҿʲôζ㻹ĨϣĲİ
ϺζʮӾͻɢģûⶫһ治ҽħɽ
ҶЦСĵĽƿȥ˵ⶫǴʦƵģܴ˽ħɽȫⱦȻΪɽеĶó涼ǳصĺУ


499 ȸں£
Ŷֺö
һǹɶζƺҲûôˣ˵Ҷ죬Ҫ㣬ɽеĶҲǲ٣ⶫٺܶ鷳ġ
ķҲͽһõģˣǲƳҩ
ҶƲƲ죬еƿҩǮ򲻵ģⶫ֣ھ˽ħɽѰұصԿס
ļҵѡħɽΪƽ𱦲صĵص㣬޵ķʸģǾϸܵĿ죬ľ
ħɽش಻ϵĴɽɽڵĵطSΣ඼滷ɽڷˮǴ֮أԢɷֻȴһȻķˮء
ڴ½ħɽ֮ǰļҾ뵽ɽУʶʳ˵Ļݺ;綾࣬ЩȻѲģпˣռһЩɽҩĺƳҶеƿҩ
ȻոͿĨȥʱҩţֻҪȥʮӣζͽ˿ڱʧЧȴǲħɽвǶó棬ʳ˻ݣǻ֮˱ġ
ڱ͵Ϯֺ󣬹ļЯװȫʧΨһƿõҩϡ
ֻǽ͵ʱȥԭһƿҩȴֻʣСƿˣǿҶͿĨϣҲҶ׼һ˽ħɽҪԭ
˴Լʮҵʱ䣬͵ӣһ˵ףζû˰
٣Ϻ˰ɣѵζҶЩֵؿ£ͬʱгһ
һͦظ˵ҶŵãϺͲ˰ʲôѽ
ǡҸղתϢˣûζҶʵ̲סˣЦĺͨ죬޲ǰֿ鶹һͷײˡ
ˣϺҹȥˣغҳʱȷţҵĻֱǹͷк
սڼַǱزٵģҶȻйʤսűȫжҲЩղŵһЦȴҶЩƽ
İɣϺǹԲǼӲġ°Ȼ˵⼸ڸħɽ·ϣ¿ụ̂ӵѰ˼ֵĸоЩǹеʹѾ֮ˡ
ãҾ͹ȥˡ
Ҷ˵ͷкϽڣټִսʮַḻˣħɽȻ˵ǹҲһٶ˾ܳɱġ
ɫԲʷҶκȻЩģȺ۾ϸʱԭվǰҶ죬Ȼƾʧˡ
Ҷ죬ʲôʱѧСӵ
ȻҶʹʲôɷһʱ뵽ձһ죬Ǿ̲סǰĿ
ƨСձǴйŶݼݻģۻйġӱۣǵҵķСүõĲڵء
ļһδ䣬ҶݹձսʱڵĻĸӸŮ׻ǷAVҵ֮⣬ʲôǴйѧȥģҪ˵ĵ漯ţ޳ܵĵǵ֮ġ
ҶʹõķǳйŶݼ֮Уջ󷨣Ԫ쳣ʹ˵۾ӶﵽЧ
ַó޵ˣ񲻼һСձһ۾޲ҶʩչԼϣȻ뵽ħɽ֮ձŰһ
Ҷûص˺һۣЦƶһʲôɽڰ
ȻʱıĿֻҪʩչһƶΧߵķͻ᲻ƣʹҶҲûа취ѾԶܰ쵽ˡ
ȻڶԵ޷ʹãҶ컹бֶΣڸ½˵һ֮ĵȥѽƻɫֻʣһӰӣ뵽绢һħɽС

ٷϣܷƵ󷨰
Ҷ뵽ħɽͬʱѾҶ֮ػǻĸСʱıٷվ壬ϵϿκϲŭ֮ɫߵıӢ
Ӣ˷ԽԽƵ֪ʹԼжμ볤Ժ֮Ҳˣ֮ǰޱеѰؼ屦أ֤Լ߱ɱоȫΪ˼ǰ;ġ
ٷҡҡͷ˵Ʋ󷨣ħɽȻƲߣն񣬲ǲطˮĺڣļҽĳһˮ󣬾⼸ʮɷԼ˶޷ƽ󷨵ġ
ٷȻ֮ȴԶۣطʢ˥ټϹļҿħɽɷǣ֮ʢﵽ˶㣬Ͳƽˡ
ǡô죿ѵұһ壬Ҫûȥ𣿡
ٳϵĻ󣬱Ӣ۵¶һ˿ɫٷǼΨһһϤй󷨵ˣҪƽⲻˣձҲûܰ쵽ˡ
ӢһɥģٷϺȻ˵ӢۣҹȻƽⲻˣа취ǿͻȥġ
ģٷϣҪô죬˵Ӣһ㶣̶ϲһץסٷƤ֣˵һ㸧
ȿȡ
ٷȻϣûְãɫĽӢ۵ָ˵ܼ򵥣Ļܿѻȥ֮󣬾ǰɷЩɷȻ˳ƸֻҪ죬Ӧÿڻù֮ǰЩرġ
ٷ취˵ݳģԭǶģɷΪ֮¶ߵĻ棬ȻǼˣȻδ֤ӢѾ¶˷ܵɫˡ
ʱɫӢҲȲˣһ֮ʮյǿƴ򿪣ҶĵƻͨȻǰҫۣҲ
ҶȻ󣬵ҲݲôͬʱƽʮֳֻվţÿŶˡ
´ǰ˿۶İͬĻһ֨֨ǰʮ׵ĵطŰȥĵطƺŤ
ȵʧԭЩҶǽڱһƬһЩطвջȼţеһȼ͵ζ
ñӢ۾ϲǣ̤뵽ȼչǹϢȻʧˣҲ˵ٷϵƲȫеġ
ϲıӢۣæԱ緢ǹＸһ춼粽еĶ飬ڻǰƽˡ


500 վ
ڳʼʱ򣬱ƽٶʮֵĿ죬ʮ߻ǹ緢ҶճһƬ𺣣˽͵ɷʱһա
ʮ֮󣬱Ӣ۵˸оԵĲԣҶ֮еɷʵһ㣬˿˿Ƶĺɫ״壬Ҷÿһ䡣
Ҷǽϣ˴Ƭ̦ݲƽĵϵĻˮȻǺī֭һ㣬Щ˲СĲȥ˫׹ߣû
ȻǹȻž޴ãܽˮĻˮ˾ֵǣڻǹֹͣ緢̶̵ļڣڵɷȻֽطۼ
ӿٶȣ㣬㣡
˿˿ûƤէɷӢҲһĽȥֱٷϣΪ⣬˵ض
ֻǻǹÿǴյصĿҲᱻȼմһʱܽ룬Ҳ첻ġ
һ֮󣬱ӢʿСӵļ˻ȥǿԶݵرסͨȼյضΣһƽٶȶʱӿ˲١
յհ͵Ƕ˵ƽǸɽҶڴǺԶҲǰʮ׵ľ룬̶̵İʮףҲñЩ˽ʱ
ǡǼıأ
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ո¹Ӷ룬ǿ˸촰һ㣬ʹǿƵ⣬ҲϡܿҶڵΡ
˵ǸҶǸ¹һ㣬ռڶ߰˸ȻʯһʯҶĶ
ҶѿԵʣӢǰĵǻˮγһεˮ̶ֻڵհ͵Ƕ峺׵ˮ̶ʱȴǺīᣬҶȥ˭Ҳ֪ˮ̶ͨʲôط
ˮ̶мģһ߳һ׶ƽ̨ƽ̨棬ѻһӤƴСĽשվԶװŽשľѾ࿪Ļƽƽ̨
һǿ׷ƽ̨˹ȥǱʮĻƽ𣬷ҫ۵Ľ⣬̵˷׷з۾һϾ¶ϲɫ
ڽʱ򣬺ܶ˲֪еĿģǼǰѻСɽһĻƽﻹ᲻ף
ЩһļӵܣѾƲסеļȲ˽ˮ̶ˮ̶ĻˮոʱЩ˸˻ѷŻƽƽ̨ȥ
˸£ȫһ
ƽĳ֣ñĶһ·˻ңǱӢû뵽ģȻ߳ʮӵܣѾˮ̶м䡣
ںܶ˶ԼıŭеĪʱԭƽˮ̶ͻȻ˷ī̶ˮĽһ޴δˮ̶ð˳ҽ֮
⡭ʲô
ڶǿƵ£޴Ŀռھһ㣬վˮ̶ϵˣؿһϳƬڵľˮдܳҧ̶еʮ˶ˮ֮¡
˭Ҳ̶֪ھŶپʱˮ̶쳣տ˵ķˮһ㣬ⷭţʱʱһز֫ϱ۱׳ˮ棬žͻ¶һ޿ڽȥ
ͻһĻɵЩû˿׼ͨӵǣ̶֪оıӢ۵ˣҲǿĿɿڴֻ侳ǲܸܵհ͵Ƕܵľš
ĿȥҲ죬һ֮󣬷ڵ̶ˮͻָƽ
֪ΪΣЩ̶ڵľǾȻûϣѱ˵ӵˣͲҪӢˣȥֱ˳ʮ׺һǹڶ׼ˮ̶겻վסӡ
ɱǣɱǣ
֪ǲΪе׳ǸղܵĴ̼һЩ鲻ԽضǺ̶ˮ۶˰һʱҶǹ޴Ļ˶Ĥˡ졣
˸£һȺ쵰
Щνļ徫ͬͷӬһҴܵӣӢŭɶץһˮ̶ǹˣҷʮӡ
Ȼ̶֪ڵľΪûϰ׷ˣǱӢףһЩϰһٶ˸ͲģЩڼŭЩµ
ñӢҲѵǣЩӵˮ̶ڣʯһ㣬ûʲôҲûмŭһҩζ֮⣬Ҷָֻ֮˼ž
ˮнӽƽ̨²Ϊ忡üͷ˵вУ
֮ǰθӣձЩӵУҲЩԱˮ̶ʮ׵ӣϰСʱܴһ׵ĸš
ɣֻҪˮ̶ΧͻܵЩɭŵĹġ
Ӣδ𻰣ٷϾҡͷʱҲɭţôӴģֻѷŴڣһľǱ춯ܽһ򾡵ĻòҪǡ
ٷ˵ѷǿ࣬ȫɳ峤ɴ30Ӣߣش150ղųֵЩɭţȴǱѷҪ֡
ɭϲˮͨϢశǳˮУʳˮ񡢹ꡢˮࡢ¹ȣʱ̳Գ߰㣬νǴĶ˴ڣûκζвǵ
ǿֻнͷǲŻٷϲŻ˵ôһЩԸ޴Ϊ
ô죿βɱǣ
ŵƹµЩƽ𣬱Ӣۼֱһ̶ԸٵȥˣΪЩıأʮ̫ܵɺָ𣬶ֻҪسɹȥͻΪʷΰļ
ûգȫ
Ӣ۵ʻٷ¶һ˿ɱϲĵطɷŨǲԸ뿪Ҫԭǽˮ̶ȼĻҪǲֻ뿪ˣ
ٷǲڶսϹӣҲ֪մȾ˶˵Ѫ˵Ǻģ˵ԸЩѪľˣһת뵽һ񶾵⡣
ãͰٷ˵İ죡
ӢԴϲæһ֣ȥҶЩϵıͰȫ˽Сʱ֮󣬶ʮͰһͣİˮ̶ϡ
Ӣһ£ʮԴһЩļԱ׷׽š˸ӵͰˮ̶㵹ȥһŨҵζʱҶ֮С
˶ʮ֮һŻʿվˮ̶ʮ׵ĵطһĹֱͶ뵽ˮ̶֮С


501 ˫ͷ
ǹĻ棬ųɶ͵ˮʱ䡱һ֮һĿѣĻ𣬾޴˳վʮˡ
ˣ
ȻƵķ˸ͷվǰıӢۣ鲻Խ¶ϲɫҪ֪ʹվôԶľ봦üëͷľ̶ڵľǳܲסָµġ
ʵ籱ӢڻͬʱһЩӤеˮ̶һӴӰܳˮ棬һƬ֮зš
ˮ̶Ѿ𺣸ˣЩȻͽ͵ģֻʹŤӴһִܵұϣȻʹñӢ۵˶оһ
˸£ҵĻƽ𰡣
Щ£ﻹ˵ࣿƽ̨ϵĻƽвٶɨķмשȻ䵽˱˵ǰȻĻƽ𱦲Ƕˮ̶
ӢȻŭȴû˿İ취ֻؿƽ̨ϵĻƽһı٣ˮ̶󣬽ȫ󣬻ǿԽƽռġ
⡭ϰ
ǻȼŵɭţԶ˿ɫҿԼûг嶯ƾһٶˣҲֻǿЩһġ
Сĵ㣬ӰɱǰСľϰ
Ӣ۲Ҵ⣬˭֪Щɭʧȥ֮󣬻ϰһƴӰɱСӵ˼˶дǹеǰһߡ

ţû𹥣һȺδҰˡ
ڲ䱦صɽ֮ʣҶҲո뵽ħɽ֮УͿĨҩöó涼֮Ҷнٶȷǳ죬ѾǸҶڵļ״
ֻǰһٶѪʢȫװձˣҶҲ˿Ĵ⣬ڵȴɷԴ󷢣ȻóҴ٣˭֪ûԷȻһʦֵ󷨡
ˣʢʱͻ־壬˼άɻңϴ񲡻ߣΪʧġ
һЩѧо߶ĽǣΪеĸΪ˵ͻҲҽۡ
ˮ̶ܵľŹɷ󣬾ħɽɷڷģԽԽһ·ҶҲ˼Ƴոĥһͷû뵽Щձ˾Ȼû𹥣ƽ⿪ˡ
ԭһȥɱ¾Ҷ죬ȴվסˣҪûһҲ̫ԲסҶôĶˡ
ͷϵĺɫһҶֻһ˫۾¶棬Ҷڴձ˶ûʲôˣһչĽ޺۵Ҷ죬ϢĶ뵽Ҷ֮С
ˮ̶ڵЩȻȼţǹζս˵ζҶҶ˵촰ǳ̻һİѹɹŨ̳Щ˿ܵסŵζ
һ޴𻷰ˮ̶ڳÿһ˵Ŀ⣬˭Ҳ֪ڴʱ֮ѾһͬװˣҲؿǴڡ
ְ취ƳʦַѾĻµ󷨣һݵķӡ
ҶȻΪʦָеЩֵܲϣԸ⿴ŵɷӦԣҲ򵥵İ취ҶվŵĵطѾоʲôɷĴˡ
ܵĻȼ˰Сʱ𽥱СƹˮϣԭŨī̶ˮȻ
һյǽ̿һľʬ鲼ˮ̶֮УֻǵϣʧȥϢ
ϣѲ֮⣬ûκε࿹⣬Щħɽʳ˵ľջȫˡ
ҶǸоһ˿ɵɷʮĵطвӦòֹڴˣ˼ûóȻ֡
ٷϣڴձ̵ݣպˣӹΰ˾вӢ۶ߵıٷؾһ
ձ߰ս׼ַϡС֡
ֳ̣ơ̡ר˾Բֵͳ칤̣ʵʶսͷĿҲһˮ׼̣Ҳơ̡ǰоֵʵʽӴԱ
ݹձʷ̶̺಻ʤÿ嶼̵Ĵȴ֮٣ձ߽繫ϵ̣ձʷ϶ǺպĴ
ٷڶսʱ֮ͳᣬƾ̵ͷȻΪһĳϣĵҲﵽ˺裬Ϊձʦ
ڵĹάٷû˿ǫ飬ߵˮ̶ϣˮŵĻ翴һ֮תɫ˵ӢۣвѾʧˣץ˰ɢҵĻƽ𶼸ʰɣҪǣװʿдƾ֤ĶһҪҵ
ٷ֪ļĶʿرṩ䣬ˮ֣ѿղŵֻƣҲ˼еļġ
ǣٷϣһҵġ
Ӣ˫һ٣̧ͷ׼ȥˮ̶ʱͻȻסˣ¶һֹ֮ı顣
ӢۣôˣͱӢٷϣ顣
ϣ˹ӢҲǷӦˣֻǾһӵʱ򣬿оͷһȣͬʱɿȥ
ٷҲǻ˰˾ʮˣӢ۵Ļһ˫ڵһţ׼뿪ˮ̶
ֻǱٷķӦܵñӻıӢۣôһ㣬ǰʱȴ񱻶˵һ㣬ղ˫ŵųȻһ㶼ûд
ͷһһֱֵĲıٷҲǾסˣв૵ˡ񣿡
ڱٷı󣬺Ȼһ޴ߣȸղ̶ˮеľҪһϸΪǣߴϵĵطȻһԴ
ձ񻰴˵Уӵаͷβľ޴ߣ˵ˮҲǱձޣǰⳤԴĹñٷһʱͽͰϵ
һԴ沼ϸܵƬ֫ݰС۾̹⣬űٷ򣬶β֪ͣʱˮƵ˰ϣزס˱ٷ°
Ǳٷ߰ʮ꣬ĿǰձΨһڵһλ̣ⳬȻĹʱͷҲһ£޷κεĶ
ǹǹϴ򰡣
ҶڵˣͻĹסˣֻбӢ۷Ӧ˹ֶһѳǹǹ߸һӵ˳ȥ


502 ˲
Ӣ۵ǹʮֵ׼һӵȥȫٷ壬˹ߵϣû˼ٷֺ
ֻ˴۾ǣӵڹϺ󣬾Ȼһ󡰵ǹߵϽһƬ𻨣ϵ˼ӤƴСĺɫƬ
ɣ
ȻûܶԹʵԵ˺ӵĳҲù߸оʹһ۾򱱹Ӣ۵ʱ̾űٷ°βͲؽʶ

ߵĶΪʹʶģһʣֹǧԭת˼ıٷ򣬴һֱ׵ĹͷǱһѹ·ѹһ㣬ࡣ
ٷȻ꾫ʮĻţѲ֮£ͻʹҲ̲ס˺ѷεĲҽ˫ͽ͵ڿкһš
ʲôﰡ
ǰһĻǱ˿ɵۣмҶ죬Ҳǵһܴ˫ͷϸܵȵѪƺͳɽеĺҲضá
ɣ߿зӤ޵Ľβһ°ϡıٷ˦ȥӴڵһ򱱹Ӣ۳ȥ
ֱǻһЩȻ˼ȴܸܵԷĵ⣬ղűӢ۵ľٶѾǼŭħɽеİ
ܳˮ󣬹ߵ嶼˵ƹ£峤ʮңֵĵطߣ˶ͷһһңȫӰƶ
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һʱ䣬Ҷǹٷӵͬһܼߵкȥ
˶û뵽ǣڰоȻһתͷ䵽ĺ棬ӲĳЩӵ

ڶӵȫ˹ߵϣȴûһڣȫһڵƬסˡ
˫ľ뱾ֻʮףߵȾʮˣһ˵ͷҲֻüһӵǹ߾Ѿ˽ǰ
ɣзһ˵ĹֽУߵͷ­ͬʱǰһ̽޴߿ſǷֳ˫Ⱥһıӵܣʱ˸ʵ
ûκεľٶ͵һգҽûܷͱǾ޴߿˽ȥֻѳǹ
һĻ˿ͷƤ飬µ˷׷ȥֻҶ󣬵ܹ鲻濪
¶˵ͬʱ޴βҲɨ˳ȥһɴʱǰ߰˳շڰеʱ򣬿ѾѪˣײʮ׸ߵұϺʱ򣬻޹ǣ۳Ҳֻнûгˡ
ħɽʳߣûܵκвǰЩСһˣȴܵ˾޴вû˿ͣ٣ͷĴһſ͵һ¡
ԭѾʮףոպ͹ıˣֻһƬںճҺûܵĶճҺѾͷ
ҡҵ
ҡҵ֣ôô
ճҺеʮˣϾȻˆһɹɰ̴ðǱǿһ㣬Щ·˲ͱʴˡ
ˣճҺڸʴǵƤٶȼ죬Щ˵ƤѾõ¶˰׹ǣ̲ס˾֮Ľ
мﻹ׵ˣˮ̶ȥ̶еˮϴһЩǿθҺֻǸ߳߰׵ӣϵƤѾȫʴһգȥ缸һ㣬ȥ쳣Ĺ졣
Ĺǰտ˲٣ʣµ˶˳һξ룬͹ʮףЩǣĻ֮еǹɨ
˶û뵽ǣǹʱ򣬹ߵȻ̾˶ͷ­Χм䣬ЩӵȫƬˡ
ܼӵùˣڽƬڵ֮Щӵ˹ߵڣӴɽ壬ҲɪɪţȻζǺܺܡ
ԭŻǹʿСӵĳԱǻ뿪һ˹ߵϣʱùڵĵطһƬ𺣣һӿζҶ֮С
ȼ˻棬ҴЩˣ̲סһЩЪ˹غЩæڸ˵ĳǹӵ۾ǽʮĵط
Ϊ˹ߵʱһֳĻǱ߻֮˳ιѧˣûڿշ𣬶ŵڵĵط˹
ģ϶ɷ࣬Ҳпˡ
վԶҶ죬۲ȴڵĵطγһƬ֮ʱͿʵܵ˺ΪЩڹۼ֮󣬾ȻϢػ䵽һߡ
ŵĿζȴǻ˹ƬĵطʹˣЩҲֻ˺˹ߵûжĴ
Щħɽݺ޵еĹߣױһɱ֮Ҳûȥӵ۾ڷˣһϵҶз
ǳԴͷ­ǳӾĵÿζ˱̵Ϊɱ¾̽ȥ֮ڣ߾ͻὫٸ³ֻҲѱθҺʴĲˡ
һӲұڣڹĳ¾ǶһͷϣζɾͲôˣټϹѹһʱ䱱ķҳһš
ڶ̶̵һֶڣȻж߰ʮ徫ӢɱӢ۵ڵѪ˴ǰ֮󣬼ʹõǱʲƸҲ޷ֲԱʧˡ
Ҫ֪Ǯǿֶͨ׬ȡģеЩ񣬶һʮŻģһ϶Ǽĵϵӵܣô࣬ڵľƱؽ޴ı仯
˸£ʿСӣɱ
°ʧȥĳֹܵµ仯ʹñӢ۵ҶԵ쳣ļĴÿ˵ĶмʿСӵĳԱηĶŹ߳ȥ
ɣߴʱҲѾˣͲǰʲôˣһͰǰ뵽˴һθͬʱڴ뽫˸ʴ
ֻǶǻۣվ޷ȣҲûܿڱµʱͬʱð̡
ɣߴʱҲѾˣͲǰʲôˣһͰǰ뵽˴һθͬʱڴ뽫˸ʴ
ֻǶǻۣվ޷ȣҲûܿڱµʱͬʱð̡


503 ιߡͬھ
ձһ̵̬壬ǲڶսжԶǸ˲Ҿ徵ɱ¾ǶԴԼˣͬҲȱԡ
ձľʿΪһ׼򣬶ԼɵҪ󼫸ߣ͸¶սǰձʿļѵ´ǰߵǰʱʮʿȻ޷˵ȥ
ɱʣձΪ飬ͬڱʿСӵεľ
ǼߵʿСӳԱԭûܻŻڱߵžסʱû˿ľţͬʱö߱
ͨԱʹõ׵ͬõĸ߱ȴǹڵ񵯣װ˴ĸ߱ըҩըҩ׹ըѵǱĵƬԸɢ
񵯣ԴݻһЩװײǺ̹ܺˣʿСӳԱõ񵯸Ѳ˱գڱеʱ׹Ѿȼˡ
˿˿̲һӻҩζӹߵĿд˳ŭеĹƺҲоΣ٣Ӵˣǰʮ˳ýǶѣԶԶˤ˵ϡ
䣡
䣡
޴ıըͬʱҶҡʯžµţʱ̮һ㡣
Ǹ߸߰ͷ­ڿһ΢΢ͣٺ󣬽һҫ۵ĻӹߵͷԭīӲ˶ͷ­һ˲ƺ͸һ˺Ĺߴͷ­¶˳
ֻάֵʱ䣬ֻ㼸룬ǼӲͷ­Ǳ˵Ĳһ㣬ȻѿһƬͬиӹߵͷ­ڷɳѪŻ
һЩվڹ߽ˣҲ׷УЩ񵯵ĲƬڴǵײұϣһʱʮ˱ȥ
վԶˣʱҲͣϵĶؿˤڵϵĹ塣
ߵĲбǵг˿־壬ʹڹ̱˵ϣҲҿ϶ǲٴӵϵ𣬶ǷĹ
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˶ʱһݵĺӱ忡ĿзߵȥΪղűɵʿ棬Ķӱ
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Ϊ˳Ѱʼ屦أӢۿνǽ徫񾡳Щ񻹴඼ǼеĵϵӵܣպطչˣҪϡ
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Ҫ֪ձҽУϽǹеģЩ徫񻹳еű壬ҵá
ֻʣСèСֻӢԤõ´ձӵܵļУķ⽫һȥˡ
ԼʹõʱأҲǵòʧģѭӢʮµĹأ֯ѰжļӢۣԼӦʸɱл
Ӣۣ鲻㣬˭˭Ҳû뵽ᷢ飬صһϻġ
һλϣٷ򱻹°׳˿֪һҲڸղŵĻɥֻʣ˱̫һˣҲɫɷף˫ʧؿصĲ֫ϱۡ
ˣˣ
̫ϵĻñӢ˼֣æغܵЩɵ˵ļӵߣôӰǻָǡ
ʣµһжʮ˸ˣڱӢ£˶˹ǿеĲʣЩϱ۲֫ͱǿḯʴѰߡ
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׻˵ΪΪʳԪͷȻЩж¶ãȻļӵǻָһ˿̧ͷ̫ϺͱӢ۶ˡ
̫ϵĻ˱Ӣۣ˵Ŀ⿴Լæ˵ûֻҪҵǱڼĲƸǶǼ幦ұӢԼ巢ģڼʲպķУǽõõһݡ
ǽô죿ǰЩˣ϶մ״ʵģӢ֮Ƕ⡣
ָʧ󣬻صڣһϻǼȻһġ
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˵ǣҰˮ̶Ļƽ𶼸ҳɣɽй죬ʱ䳤˻֪ᷢʲôء
忡Ҳɥ֮ʹ˹ʵϸһ£˴ҲֲñӢۣ˫ͷߵĳ֣Ѿķ룬Ǳ忡Ҳǲŵġ
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Ҳ˲صѪۺǻѪˮͼˮ̶׷ȥһ̶ˮ
ģỹǮ
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ڲҶҲѧԱߵµˮ̶УһĻƽ˳İ˰ߡ
ˮ̶ԭͲǺټϱȼջӷ٣ʱҲǸոû˵ϥǣʮɸһ㽫ˮ̶˹һ֮ûĻƽˡ
ӢӢۣ׼ˮ̶мǸƽ̨ʱһ洫˳


504 
ռɢƽʱ򣬴ʼնû˵ƽ̨һ洫˶Ǵһǿѭȥ
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ǶɢҵĻƽ鱦м䣬һ˵˳ȻǱ˦֪ıٷʱɫ԰׵һѻƽ棬ȴǱһ
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ٷĿݣʵһϰʹӡȵ٤ʦȻ°Ȼʢ
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ڸղžԱʱҶĶһÿһҲֱһƾʹĿڴʵԭһٶ˵ʮܾεģԱҶȥմˡ
ǱӢ۵˴˿СģҲֻڷƹߵôû뵽Ȼе˻뵽ڲҶⷬСȻûбһ˷
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͵Ҷ׼ֵʱٷϿ˼ֹ˱Ӣ۵Ķ˵Ӣۣ֪ҵʲô𣿡
ٷϣҽһ°ɡ
ӢȰ˵ٷϵĻճڣ۾ȻһŵϣЩʵ١ٷϣĪĪҵ˼嵱ʿеƾ֤
ΪһսĻʱļ壬ձʷΪƾõ֮һ֮ЩҳԱȲϡ
ֻǵ걱ñ󲿷ֵʲʿУҲ¶ս֮ı˥Ҫ׷ԴΪǱӴƸʧ
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Ӣ˫ֽӽ˹ȥֻһ֣üͷΪȥǽʲĵʮֵᣬƺû˿
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Ϲֹ˵ʲô
ҶװģڼѰ̶ˮеĻƽ𣬶ȴǽ˵ĶԻ˽ȥȫǾʲô顣
ǣܾ䣡ھ֮󣬱Ӣ۶Χʣ޼ļӵ´Ȼ֪˼Ӣۻǲ˿Ĵ⡣

վˮеļӵӦһֳɼƽ̨ΧֻҶɵͷɵԵվȵ˻ش֮æѧֹͣѰƽĶ
˸£Ĵôû
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忡̫ϣɡ
۾һҶ죬Ӣк忡ͱ̫˶ƽ̨ϣο弫Ҫȥ֤
ȵ忡ǰʱ򣬱Ӣ˵忡ŵǶɡ
ǡǸǿ룿
忡һ㶣ڸսּȨʱ򣬾ͱҪμһγʮλӢĺɵ룬ֻǻᱱ忡ѹͲ֪Щá
Ӣ۵˵ͷ˵ûһҪһʮ˸ӢԼɵܴ򿪣ֱɳϻᡢͲصĸգ忡Լ
ڱܵҪЩɼеգ˶ڳ򱱹ӢҲ޷ǷЩļƾݴڵġ
ãӢ۽͹󣬱忡ûгɣӹ˼е䡣
Ҳ֪ʲôʴƵģȻʪĵطʮ꣬ûκ⼣Ĵڣƿһ鵯֮һӢĺɵİ˱忡ǰ
Ѽе뵽Ϻ󣬱忡黹˼ɱӢۺٷϷֱ룬žһ죬Ӵˡ
΢΢ѿһ϶䣬ƽ̨ϵ˾ס˺ڲԶʵʩΧˣҲ鲻ԽǸӡ
̵ģϹôţһǺö
ҶȻǴӼ˸ղŵĶУҲ֪ĶͬСɣΪʼգӢ۶ûۿЩƽ鱦עһֱɫϡ
˫֣ӢؽǿƵ£ζʱ˵ǰ
ڲһɫ棬мﰼȥĵطһֽŵļļϷһİۣǷһԲεĽʲô
١ٷϣ档ӢȲǷļСؽֽ򿪣Եķ˼ҳ֮϶ʱ¶˿ϲ顣
䳤ǲὫڼĲƸʧģӢۣһҪؼ壡
Ӣ۵ĻٷظһղŵĻʱѾᣬҲ֧Ųȥˣ˱Ӣһ֮ڵϵҵϢ
ٷϣİɣӢصص˵ͷǸЩֱʵĽϸ


505 
ʳָԳһЩۣ˾ܵ·ȥһƷһ㡣
ʲô忡ЩؿżеѰü屦ص飬ҲԼ˷ŵɥ֮ʹ
Կף
Ӣǽһᣬ˵ǼĴʿбչԿףֻҪԿףͿǰʿ޵ı䣬ȡĶ
ʿܴ֮ôʱҪľǶԹ˿ݱԺдʱжãֻҪóƾ֤˳ؽȡ
бܷʹʿǮ˱һɿ
ȻҲźܴı׶ˣͻȻȥǰûнʱҲûлȡǮ߼ˣʴͽԶʿȡ
Ƕսڼ䣬ڵ¹ɴǰʱѾͶ·̫Ҳ˲Ͽô࣬׷׽ʲƲԻͨм˴ʿС
Щ̫˴ڵ¹ļӪɱʿ˺źһΪҽǻͷϵǮҲһʱʡˡ
Ҳˣڱ֮˺ЩϢҲһͬʧˣԱЩȻʿйЭ̣ʼ޷ȡӴĲƸ
ӹӢеԿϸһᣬ忡˵ʮǰʿ˵ļʹڽҲûƽ
ȻЩļԣԿ׵ļֵҪۿۣ걱ʿбҲǼǧĻۺʹӸӶıвֵǵƷ
忡ԿףӢҡҡͷ˵忡Կ׾㱣棬Ȼصٽҡ
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ԿףļҲŵġ
Ӣ۰˰֣Щļװ뵽ϴܷãŽԼĻ·ˮ𣬲Щļƾ⵽ƻ
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Ҫ˵ôˣȰѻƽ˳ȥһ磬Ǿ뿪
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Ӣһ£ʣЩӵܶʱæµֳ߰ƽҶҶڴװ׳Ҳ޴ĺ쳹ħɽ
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ҶصЩƽ𣬶һƵĽשʮּһ飬ټЩɽһĸֽƷ䱦ʯæµһҹʱ䣬ŽеĶ͵Ҷڴ
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Ȼæµһҹ˶о쳣ƣͣ뿪ĵطĽƽ鱦һԽҰϰš
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Ӣ۾þҶǰ忡ƺЩбļˣǰʮ귢ʲôǱӢ۽յΪܵµĹˡ
忡ˣȻصڣһϻǼģպ󡭡Ҫˣˣ
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뵽Ҷ·ߴ·̣µҲɿˣ֪͵˳ӵβϣûô˲
ͣ£ħɽڵʱǰװ׳ͣӢ۵δӳ˳
忡ûܽͨЩ𣿡ӢЩصؿǳSεħɽڣоһŨŨĲ
ǵͨѶ豸ﻹûźţ
忡ҡҡͷҲоЩղɽôĶ˵Ӧû۲ġ
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ʱ˵עħɽĳڴûȥע淢飬ټкܶҲҶһ̷ɣҶľٶûκ˵ע⡣
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Ҷ칦ֶ֮֮࣬ҲǺƽģҶʲô顣
µĻХҲ΢һ㣬ֻȻץеǹ۾һգգضɽڵĹսǴ

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ڳǰڳĵӵܣǹҲǻȻɫ䣬һӣΪ壬ԼǾĶǵһҹǵЩলľԱˡ
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šʮ˲ӵҶ죬ͷЩƣʣĶʮŸձˣϢѾɵʮĸȥ̽·֮⣬ϱӢ۵ˣֻʣ˾Ÿѡ
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ħɽSεĽںͳͬѹֻҪסһʱݶԷġ


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忡лĲᣬ챱Իͣ뽫ԼԿڼʷ֮У롭
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վڲԶ̫Ӣ۵ŭҲ˹ԵʵӢۣô£ʲôˣ
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ǱˣЩƽȫߣ
ĬƬ֮󣬱Ӣ̧ͷɫʱһжߵйˣȴһɽѹ
ƽȻҪߵģŹҲǲԡ
ҶЩζؿһ۱Ӣۣ˵㻳еЩļңϾͿ뿪ħɽ
Ȼ֪ӢװڻļʲôǶԷԸίȫĽʮ೵Ļƽ͸ԼҲҪסЩļҶȻ֪Ƕϵشˡ
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ҶĻ䣬ӢҲ޷ѹͷŭˣ֡ﭡһγʿԶԶض˳ȥ˵йо仰ܿܣֻҪܴңеĶģ
Ӱǰ͹ļƴܾ֮󣬱Ӣۻصǿɷʹ࣬չʮ꣬һĵ˻ųս丸üı
ȻʮӢ˥֮£ţԼļңԲ֮ң±Ҷ첽ƣڼǱŰԡ
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һˣΪԵһĽԴˣҶ쵶бָ˳֮ıӢۣһЦ˵
ڹںȭļغͬӢ۵ĵʽͣʵÿһûʹϣô˰˷־Բչ಻ȴмй̫ζ
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ҶȻмܵЩǱʵŻص൱ӢþļʮȫҶˮ©ĽۼӢƣ̬ҶһתĵĺâʱܵȻ½˼ȡ
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һ֮󣬱ӢۺȻоԼסҶһ࣬ȥȴд󺧣Ϊǰѹ٣ȻҶһΡ
Ҫ֪ΪļӢֵѵҲǴͷģΪֱҼҴձʮ֮Уűһŵȫɢ䣬ӢҲһκżȻĻᣬؽµġ
ҶֵǰʿֻǼӵЯģǵʶԶԼѣʵȴҶ׵ؾ佫ء
ʱıӢȻûʱȥ۱ˣŹ谭ҶĹ֮ʣ汩˶ȥҶһ£ǰ˵ķдȴǾ뱱Ӣа֮ң޷˺õ
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߱;뼫ҶͻʹӢ۸ûκΰ취㣬ؿǵɫâԼҼ紦նȥ
͡һ죬ӢʹûܵұȻϣɭɭĹǲ¶˳һѪ˴ͷԶԶȥһ׶Զ
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Ҳǰ˵һ͹뺯ϴֵԭˣǰˣһСģǰ˾ͻᱻɳ̲ϵġ
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ڴʱӢۺȻִӿڴͳһҶ˹ۡһ죬ҶµĶðһɺ̣ҶܷԲʮ׶Χסˡ
װŪҶһʱƳ˫۽գҲ֪ǷжܹС޴

ոתΪںҶ죬͸Ӧĺ󷽣һӰϢĿѪӦǸղһֱûгֵλ̫ˡ
Ҷ֪ǰۿҪΧʱı̫һһԴϵذᣬϢҶ첱ȥ
ı壬ϰԶԶϰˣ̫ˣȻûбٷ̵Ҳǵձպյһ̣Եеľǳḻ
̫Ķǳᣬһ˿Ҳͨڣϰɱ֮ذϣҲ֪˶˵
ֻǱ紫ҶȴôĿЦĸֶԵУͨѪӦԷλã̫Ϊȴû뵽ԼһһĳҶǰ
ڱ̫ǶذὫҪҶ첱ʱҶκȻֹͣˣҽһ٣Եıֻ̫оǰһһɴ׷˳ȥ


509 
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ǰһЩӰƷУձ񣬴ǳһЩŶݼ׵ı߶մϣʵйϷ۷ѡ
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ľҪԾҪһЩߣձǰӵƵͰ߻ǱκլԺҲǶԷ߱ڵĴš
ˮˮԣùˮºľͷЬӹӵȣΪԷǿеǽڡӢ۴λǧүӡ
ڻûѧʽȣһЩŻصߣʱûը֣ݵĻͣԭʼ̻ϣղűӢʹõֶΣǻ
ӰӾʵݵವһ¾ʧʵЩ֮£ں˵ĵصҶڵĵطʹãҸˮǸʩչƣ
ڵжҶ춼ÿŶ룬ڳֻܱԪĸı䣬ԼϢٰˣԶԶûд˵ǰ档
ʹˣӢʵսЩСϷ벻Ҷķ۵ģ뿴ԷʲôֶΣҶղֻҪĶܵԪЩɢġ
йţȻ鴫
̫ЩؿһԶɽڽǿȳѪͻȻ˫ץסظǰʿĵһһǻʱпˣ̵ĳһء
ʿҪʿ̫ЦЦؿҶ죬建˵ϣԴһʹˡ
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ҶҡҡͷĶλĳȴһ˿ʸѰ֮ҪкܴģҪ֪ڶսʱڣ֪жվΪӱʸȡǹɱķʽ
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꣡Ҷ˵ͬʱһ΢춯뵽ҶУҶͷ͵һƺһָֻ߬סˣƤէһǰδеΣͷ
ϸ룬Ҷ׵һֽŲжһ㣬ŵͷɴ˳ȥϸĻҶƾʧһ㡣
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ԭҶڵϵı̫壬ոһ㣬ǵֱ룬ĶмѪ
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һĻװ׳˳͸̿ȥװ׳ϺȻˣ˱Ӣ֮⣬˺һֱû¶λٷϡ
ղſ۶װ׳ػǹˣҲٷϣϹ֮ǿȷǴģ°Ȼһǿػţ֮ʢȱӢۻҪ֡
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Ӣҡҡͷұ۵ĴʧѪɫ԰ޱȣҲЩʮļǿ־ڻͻ˹ȥ
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װ׳ϵػǹֻ䱸һӵһһ˱ۣҶ˵޻֮ˡ
ٷϣƺ¶һ˿ѣҵйһˣ˵ܻʮ꣬ȴҪڵ֮²գҡǻһŭ֮ɱѡѵǱӦ𣿡
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ٷ䣬Ҷξͳװ׳һ࣬Щۣȴڶܻǹӵʱ򣬱ӲݻƵġ
ҶСéɽʱԻǱȽģдδӵۻؼҵ·УһߵǻҶŰֻ꣬˸֦ûа
˭֪Ҷ߹ʱͻȻ˳СҧһڣҶĺϵɥ֮ˡ
ҲҶ˴߲亦ĵձսܣйڸԭûսһձˣֿʼй˸ʽƣȫǵʱִȡġ
Ҷһʼû׼ŹЩձˣϵʹʦֵĻ˵ձ˶ɱ֮ٶҲΪҲ߰ʮˣҶû˿ѹ
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ҶǰһһһеǰʿȻװ׳Ƥ֮ڣİص͵ˡĲ
ҪԼȡɣ
ٷ϶һۣӢ¶˷Цݣýʣֻұ뻳Уȡֽŵļ
ģӣӢ۵ľٶҶ첢ûǰǽż͵ǰһٵȥ
Ҷ˺ͬʱٷֳһ˿ź飬ð̣ȴ˫ָһö߱ڱӢ˵ʱ򣬾Ѿš
䣡
һıըװ׳ϰ벿ȫƿˣԭվеıӢۺͱٷѻѪ꣬޴ԶڶʮҶˡ
ںħɽĳֻ׵ľ룬޴ͬɽ⣬ڴͱϵɽʯҵɽڵæʮס
ʦ֣ʲôХüͷ䣬ղըõ涼Ҳ֪ħɽе׷ʲô顣
ը¼˵ش
Х첻˿˺£ϻҵȻ֪ǱըǡҲ̫˵ɣ
Ǹ߱ըȼ˱ըҩ롭ħɽпܷʲôȤɣ
רҵʿһſھͷ˱ըֳΣµûƾö߱ôĶҪװ׳ʣĵҩҲˡ


510 ʬ
Ҫǽȥ
غһҹˣǵ֮ʲôħɽн޳Ĵţѹûϡ
ֻҶʱɽľ乤СҺҶ쿪Ц飬ȴҪ
ӦǷĳЩʣȥǲС
Գ˺һᣬ˾ģ˵ʷٷҺͺȥ
˵ʮձ֮󣬾ǽˣҶеĿҲǺ治ѣ֪Ҷһ˽뵽ɽУһٶȫװձԿġ
һźͷºХСĵĽ뵽ħɽڣȥ
⡭ô£
һٶ׵SڣҲǼӵʱ䣬һߵĳڣһʯɽʱʱסˡ
ʮԽҰų˳ĳӣڳǰһװ׳װ׳һЩϰ벿ѾȫʧˣʣµҲһѷ
װ׳ǰ棬վ˶ϤӰȴ쳣ļžԵʮֹ졣
ѵղǱըҶģɽʯЩ벻ףһ˵Ҷ죬һٶ࿹ģ
ǣɣزصˣ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ£չˣӳڴŵ˵ĺУ˼˵ݡ
ϵۣϰ壬㵽ʲôô쵽İ
ǿʯһ۾Ϳ˺ڵϵľʬ壬ʱҶֱܺϵˣҪ֪Ҷɽʱǹûá
Ҫ˵ϻװ׳Ͽ
Ҷʱ鲢ǺܺãΪڱը֣˵ǱӢϵļˣֳһֽƬҲΪֹװ׳Ȼȼš
Ȼ֪ļʲôҶţΪ˱סǶӢ۾ȻԼͷɼֵһǷͬСɵġ
ֻǱըһжˣǸֽеļҲԶΪһš
ϰ壬ô೵ǿɿ߰
Ҳüͨ͸ˣҶĻϾ˼װ׳ͣŵλãĳӸ˸ʵʵ
Ҷ˰֣˵ÿô࣬ϳˡ
ЩƳֲֵǮձˡ
Ե˳ţﻹֹģʮʱձ۵һȼռгĸҲ˶ʧҵġ
⳵ţͲײġ
̽뵽ੲݵ߶ţĿɨŵʱ͵شסˣϡϰ壬ҿϵ𣿡
ڻƽܶȺԭ򣬷ںᵼ³ʧȥƽ⣬һ鱻Ľשȫ˳ŵλϣÿﶼװٹ
ȻЩשѾɢ˵ϣں϶һĽשҫ۾Ϊ֪ӶԲὫЩשΪǻͭġ
ôˣӵľҲͷ￴һ£һȴĿҲ޷ջˡ
ģӵĴȺܸ߰
ͬǰ֪ƽĴڵģһשŴҧһǣשóһӡȻڽשϡ
ϰ壬ε񣬾Ѱʻƽ𣿡
ڰЩݻĻƽݣһ֮󣬺ܿͷӦ˹Ŀ⿴Ҷ졣
ûЩƽ𣬾ҴеĿꡣ
Ҷ˵ͷЦЦĿ˵ǲҲֵһأҪ֪ʮ棬ÿôĻƽ𣡡
ÿÿôࣿ
ҶĻܷһڿˮ¶һ˿ɫĿ⿴ȼŵװ׳ǰԽҰеʬͷԶʱָ
ϰ壬ǿְҵӶǷڵһλģҰķɣ˽̽õıأȫǹеģ
ȻӶСȫӶ֮һǺҶֿܳȭɱһٶ˵ı̬ȣһûС
ǴʱվµҶ죬ɢһ˵ΣϢǹεѹһҪϢ˵ĸо
ǺǣǾͺãǵǧԪȳȥ֮õˣ
ĻǼ⣬Ҷ춼ʲô˼ЩȻ̰ǮǸǮûĵ
ʱѾȫ˱˼ֽǸձ˳ԣҶʵϰ壬Щô죿
Ҷһ£˵ÿ϶һǰװ׳ϰɡ
ºХӦһһţʼ˰˹Щãϵûʲôζ
ʹˣʮʬۼװ׳ǰʱХ컹̲סɫ԰ףϸ˵ǽˣħɽһͨǹ֮⣬Х컹δɱ˵ġ
ɫҲХö٣ǺˣǾҶֵĺЩļȫǺᱻģҶûãͽʮˡ
¶ⳡǺνɿʱͼԼӻƤˣ㳡Ͳʲôڽһʬӵװ׳Ϻüͷ˵Ҷ죬ҪϨˣղôʬɣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ϻһͰͣХȥɡ
ϣ
ХǿסеĲʣܵһϣһͰͣ佽װ׳ϣʱ죬һȵĻ罫Ƕʮʬ嶼С
ϰ壬˵һٶôʣ⼸
ʬ𼣵ĹɺлԼʣ⻰һºХʱҲҶ죬ղŹæˣ˶û뵽硣
ȫڲƽĵطˡҶЦһʦֲµôƽģɽʮɷһ˫ͷߡ
ҶѷҶڵԵ˵һ飬˶Ŀɿڴû뵽ԭħɽĳνȻЩɽоɵġ
ϵۣ̫ˣҿûнҶؽߺ̲סؿڻ˸ʮ֣ϰ˵ľߣֱеĺˡ
ˣ㿴ʲôϲʶ
ڵȴȼʬʱҶӶͳǸʼûĥǸʲô乤Ӧģʶ
Ҳ˵á
ӹǽ˰죬ͷ˵ϰ壬ȥǱչԿףҲҿ϶ġ


511 
ԿףǹƷ
Ҷһ£ǽ˻ȥҶһҲûͨԿκ֮Կ̵οͼ˵ǹƷŷһЩ
ҡҡͷ˵ϰ壬Ҳҿ϶ԿףܿǸչһӵġ
ãʲôŰˡ
ҶۼӢ۴ȡʲôֵһͣϧǸ䱻װ׳ҶԽȥѯʵġ
ҡҡͷЩûõ˼⣬Ҷ˵Ϻ䳿ǰСӰװ׳װ˳پ̯˷ЩԽҰ
ΪҶ콫֮ħɽڣʡ񱱹Ӣһ㱻˶˳·˽ӣȻҲֱܹӢ۲òֻ˵Ҷ̫ǿˡ
䳿Щ˼Щƽ󣬱Ҫˣһ˰춼ûعصѪȼɢһʬ役ζװ׳ѱǲʲô˼
Ҷǻɱôǵľ֮󣬼ʵʵĸ˹ҲǴˣ֪ʲôǮǿԵϵġ
Ϻ㿴ŵ㣬Ϣһ¡
ʮֻƽɲǸСĿҪһʱģҶ½һ˸طϥһ޵ڣҲоƣ
ҪǣҶһҹɱʮˣմȾǹɷŨ֮ѾӰ쵽ǣʱҶ͸оͷ쳣ķ꣬ϰһǰδе顣
ƷףʮضˣħϣȻ춴ģ桭
Ĭ˾ҶֻоƵԹɷһ˿˿ı뿪˵򷨲մֶλɷǸͨ˵ĻᱻɷƵľʧ
һЩսϽսԣϰһЩڼȭΪ˻սմȾɷ
ҲһЩΪȻˣʱƢͻ쳣ı꣬ԭûлڵɷ˥֮ҲѹƲסɷķ
ĸСʱ̫ͷʱҶվԭɷһգʱҶ쿴ȥԭǸһĴкˡ
Ҷ죬ϢˣҶ˵ᵽȥˣװ׳֮⣬ҪԽҰС
ʮֻƽɾ򹫽װ׳ĳܸߵĻͻҶͷ۲ˡ
ϰ壬ЩҪҪҰæ˳ȥ˹ڹ꣬ûٸЩ˽ĹЩرܽƽ顣
ã˶ֳҿˡҶҡҡͷɫ˵߰ɣʱҲˣɽ
ʣµЩԽҰҶһ𣬽ڵϷųȳʻɽڵʱһѻȼŨŨĺ̶ʱħɽС
Ҷ˺ǴӲûзʲôӴֱ뿪ʱ򣬴ׯΪЩձ˻ͣɽУڶħɽĿ־壬ЩҲҽɽ쿴
ҹĻٵʱҶĳѾھħɽٶ๫ĵطһյС⣬ǰʮĵطı߾ˡ
ҶװƽĳȻҽСˣȥ˵ʳ˾ͼ򵥵ڳϳ
һשŪţҶ쿪ʵҶ죬Щôȥ߾
һûأҶ췭˰ۣóǲǰԶֻԽҰߵ복ʮĵط
ιҶ죬κ죡
绰ͨҶҲûϻֱӱԼֺҪҵˣ֪κˣеĵ绰ɹӵģԼֱӺͨġ
Ҷ죬Ͳܺ⹫
ȻҶ컰󣬵绰ǶγĬ˺óһʱ䣬˴ķ֮κŴ˹˵Ρ
趼û⹫
Ҷ˿ûκӣֱ˵˵ʦӦú˵ˣбʻƽҪعڣܰ𣿡
ʲôѾȡЩƽˣûзʲô⣿
ҶĻκоЩ죬֪ҶǰģҶǷܵõǱʻƽκ첢ǺܿãѾͨĳЩ潻һ֧פӡ߾ֲӸ߾ʱ׼Ҷ֧Ԯء
⣬ǺǣһЩ⣬ˡ
ҶЦһȥһһҹ˵ҲǼ侪ĶǵģǲںԵ˫ͷߣҶһμ˴Ȼ棬Ҷ첻֪ЩΪ֪жȻڡ
ûˣκԵЩȻҶϵʱ̣ܶΪŵĳҶκﻹһġ
ûУҰ㣬ʲôʱǰӦ
Ҷúκ˵ЩûӪķϻǹļҼκϵĻ˵Ҷͻ·ӽƽ͵˳ȥҲûǵӸԼ
Сʱ֮ڣǰȥӦģ
˽⵽Ҷûܵʲô˺κҲģϸѯҶķλ˵֮һعˣ
һأʱתۻȥҶҡҡͷھܾκĽ飬ûǱ˵ͽ绰Ҷϵˡ
Сӣһ
κ캭ãҲǱҶĲûˤ˵绰Ӹλô꣬û˹ҹ绰Ǻһ׳ͨ绰ʱ򣬴Ҳ໥ʺ֮Żҵ绰ġ
Ҷ죬ôô˰ҶЦݿкСص˳ϣһʵҶҲദʱˣټ¶˺һ档
Һܸ𣿡
Ҷһ£̶Ӧ˹ͷӿһ˿˵ζԸܺͷ첢ԱӰԼԹޣûеô
Ϣһᣬһ˹뾳
ҶҲ֪κʲô취ĳӽӦȥΪ߾פľӿ˫ģκݵȻſڿӵġ
ҶĻƣˣ˯ȥ˴Сʱһֱĺ˯е˸˹
ֱ
ֱǴ۵ǿƺҶҲһΪ⼸ֱ;޴ֱĿŵؽ뵽ľڣҲ֪κ쾿ô쵽ģ
Ҷ쳵ڵĵطһƬֻƵĿյأռʮֵĴһֱؽ
һУεˣǰһֱߵҶǰ˵˭Ҷ죿ηɣǰ


512 
̵ģҲ̫˰ɣ
ԭҶֻΪκɳǰӦԼЩ͵͵߾ûȻɳֱһһܣԶԶҶԤϡ
Ҷ쿴ţǸойЩۣЩԽ֮СҲƣʱۼһֱĿŵĴ˹ʱʶĶδضġ
κӦʦֵģҶҲûʲôÿģǰվһ˵Ҷ죬ǵˣ׼˶ɡ
ԲǽӵֻǴһȥûа˵񡣡
Ҷû뵽ǣǸУܸɴҡͷ˵ҳֱʻԱ֮⣬оһģ㲻һɣ
ãԼᣡ
Ҷһ£λУƺԼֱˣΪβĹأԷȻô˵ˣҶҲû໰˰ֶ䳿˵缸ģѻƽ𶼸ȥɡ
ϣ
ֱľ޴˯ȫ޵䳿æӦһտʼֱʱ򣬼˻ΪץǵģڼȻǡԼˡǽᵽɤ۵ָ˻ȥ
ͬʱ䳿˶Ҷ̬Ҳһ绰ֱܰģĿĹңѾҲĸ߶ˣҶĹϵԲǿԲ¶ȵġ
֮ǰûƽľ䶼ѾˣеĻƽɢģÿשشһҲֻܻʮ飬ֱЩƳʹð˵Ч
һӲӵĽשУηɵ¶һ˿飬֮ǰڽӵʱоеС֣ΪһƽȻ֣ǼӴĻƽʱηɵĶʱ𺳲ѡ
Ҫֳ֪Щȫװ˽שҪڶʮңһҵĻƽԶһʲСˣʵʵڵսԴʰ
ηɲ׹ΪʲôЩֱǰɻϵװȫжΪ˼ƽġ
һƳԼǰʱηִһשϸһ֮󣬶ߵҶ˵Ҷ죬ЩƽӦǵձ˵İɣ
ûձ˶սʱĻƽ𣡡
Ҷ첢ûƽΪЩƽڻɽשʱ涼мģһ۾ܿġ
η۾һ˵ͷ˵ЩƽӦڹҵĲŶԣܸлܴΪѰʻƽ𣡡
ȿȣڹҵģҶɫùŹĪǲǵɵˣ
Ҷһ£ǽ͵ЩƽձӶǸȥģйûϵ
ձйĶˣձĲڵĶйҲйİôûȥձ˽棬Ѷң
ô˵йܵձ˵ݱЩΪҲӦõġηȻһЦҶĻЩΪȻ
ãס
ҶЩ˻Щƽһ仰ΪУôɵ鰡
йܴܵ˺⳥ҲĳЩľɣ
ҶϬֻһƽգҵĶҲҪҵĶ˭Ҳߵģԣ
ҶѾЩˣκͷǲǹ¸ףѻƽ͵֮ΪУⲻˣ
ηҡҡͷ˵ԣϼһģʻƽ𣬿϶ǹΪеġ
Һû˵ٵĻҶ޲ͳֻҵղǸ밴˲
Ҷ죬κ죡绰ͨҶӲ˦˼֣κҪǸˣҶһ׼صھҪȥμתһȦˣļֱ̫ˡ
Ӻ󣬵绰ﴫκҶ죬Ӧ˵˰ɣҸ˵ûǸǻ
ãȴסɣҺ˵ƽҴһٶСģСүƴģ˭ԣҪμҵأҾͲҶ
Ҫǻ˵ĻҶδؾôĻֻԭͶμҺܲˬٱκƣʱҶʧȥ侲Ͳûڵ绰ƿڴ
˵˵ĶЩʲô˭ҪЩƽͷƤӾôǳ𣿡
Զھǵκ챻Ҷ˵ͷȻλϲʲάˣڽǰŽӴڶ࣬Ǻ͹ļҽãŷˮ֮˵ģҶһ嶯ȥμҵլˮ
ƤӲǳ㻹Щƽ𣿡
ҶѹͲκĽͣ˵ǵληͬ־˵ˣЩƽҪչеģ
ηɣҵ٣ѵ绰ҶĻκʱһսƽĴ㣬Բɵģû뱻ηСӸ˼ƻ
㣡Ҷûؿηһֻۣ׸
׳ãӸղҶͨУηɻܲ׶Է˭һͷһ亹ӹ绰ͦñֱİ䳿˵ע˹
ǣǣΥ˼ɣȥһ֣׳Ҳ֪κ˵ʲôԭʮηɣӦ棬ͷϵµĺҲȥ
ӣηɲŽ绰ݻҶ죬˵Ҷ죬׳л˵
ηԭμҵĵϵӵܣÿڵʱ򣬶ܼǵλүӣֱӺκԻʸҲκǰԭ
ηû뵽ǰˣȻүӵԼıܣǴˮһ˲ʶһˣ
¾ͺáӹ绰ҶĿȸղź˺ܶ࣬ƢҲë¿ģ˳ëУҪǷҪը̵ġ
ȿȣҶ죬һм¸˵
绰һ˵κһ˵Ѱʻƽ𣬲ҲֻǮ𣿹ǲ˽˽йؽģҵ˼ǣʻƽ۸ңһᰴյǰƽʸӦõıģ
羳ֱɻκǰȨ죬ҲģǺĳЩ߲ʿйͨоһƽҪ۸ҵ

Ҷԥһ£ҪôƽûãܶȻǺõģʹ˵ҶҲԸ⣬µ˵ͷ˵֣Ķǣ
˵СӣôϸҶĻүҲһСӿѲĺܣϴҲƵ۸ҶǱǸˡ
̵ذ岻аˣֻƽһ¯һ£þʹۿۺˡ
ƽȻܶլ󻧻ϲװη䣬ԭǻƽڷˮвƽĹЧҶֻƽȴ۵Ƕլ֮еġ


513 Ե·
ŴصǶӻƽΪԶŵ̲ʱգƽȻͨеĻңֻҪӵĻƽصУ̶̣ܹѻƽһΪصĻңƽȫͨ裬ĻҵλԪҪȹ̡
ҼеݳƷ۾ɵ⣬һЩոʱѾ޷ԭ۳ۣùʱֵ֮Ǳֵԭ۵һ붼ֵ
ƽ𲻴۾ɵ⣬Ժͼֵõģξþʧɫ֮ʱƽļֵûгûм۸ۿ۵Ķֻƽ𣬻ƽֻҪϴͿԻָԭĹ󣬿ʱȫµĽλ
ƽǲƸҶУƽбĹõģڹļҶȥƽʱҶѾЩƽó˰š
Ŵӡ˰ѻƽΪ̫ĺ飬ŰķϼҪڻƽ֮ʥ̫ἰĶʿ֮һǻƽ𣬶ʥʾ¼ʥҮ·Ľֵɴ
ּ˵ƽڹڽ֮УҲλģ˺֪ƽڷˮ֮˵еӦҲǺܶģһЩȥ̻ԻޱȵĽʵе档
ƽϡ١ȶֵǲƸݵɻƽĽͷˮ֣γһֶص˵ĲƸֵмİ
ֻйĻƽ٣ԹҲֻеûƽķˮ֣λ䶼ûƽװΣͰǴģʵҲܵĳЩ˵ָ㡣
Ҷ۵Ƕλɽӷˮĵλ϶ǼѵģҶ֮Щƽȴһƽˮ֣ﲻԳΪһ飬вɱơ
ȻЩҶǲκ˵ģҶҵҲһôǾҶ쾡ԶκȥеԵɡ
ãǷģҴӦˣ
ҶĻκҡͷЦһﵽĵ۷壬ûٵˣȴôһǡ
ֻҶҪܰ쵽ģκˣ˵Ȼأ֮ǰĳЩ˹ͨʱ򣬲ûƽҶ˿֣ġ
ˣղ˵ĻĻǼٵѽǴӱЩƽ𣿡ӦҶҪκЩʵоҶ췽ܻӣװġ
Ҵţأǧ𵱻£ƽʦֲģʦܵȡҲȻõŴӱ
Ҷ쵱Ȼ鷳ȥϸղŵܲεؽһ֮˵ˣû˵ҹ˰
Сӣֹҵ绰
ͲﴫæүҲ̲סˣ־Ͱѵ绰ˤ˳ȥɳıҽǶ֪˭ǵ׳ôĻ
ֻˤ˵绰κתЦһºʮ꣬ŭĹ¯ˣܱҶĻðɣҲСб¡
û£Ƕȥɡ
˰ֽ˸ϳ˷䣬κ˵绰˼Ƚصߵ绰һЩ顣
һˣǰǺޣ֪˵һЩϢκ֮ԻȥЩ绰ǶҶղ˵ĻģһЩȥ飬뿴ڽվûдձ˽뵽飿
֮زκ췴һЩϢκ첻Ǹˡ
Ϣһǰһʮ˸ձε뵽龳ڣ֮ǰЩձȫʧˣձйطںһЩ档
Щձʧٵĵص㣬ҶλòǺԶֻһٹľ룬ⲻܲκ쾪һ亹С˵ĻûпʣĳЩʵࡣ
鼱֮κ켱æϵҶ죬֪ѾۣһڴȻЩѾǺˡ

ôţŰЩƽ𶼳乫
Ҷϵ绰ҶЩϷʵĿλУηɣ֧Ԯҽû⣬Ҳʵ˳Կ˵ҶĶƾʲôҪѻƽװ͸ң
һ˵θϯˮƽ;ҪСУ߳˺ܶ࣬˫ӮĽ飬Ե·Ҷ첢һεġ
ң㡭˵ô죬ôˡ
ԭ۷ֱҶηɣĻŵĻ˸飬ô󣬼κĴʮΣڼѾǱȽܳˡ
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ʾһЩ֤Ҷ뵽乫̵ĳ֮УǷԲǧƽ״Сĳڰ˸ָʯͷҶҲסˡ
С壬׼ȷ˵Ӧȫԭʯû䣬ǾͲ˵ˡҶ𾪵ӣЦβμӹ̵ʱ򣬱ҶıֻҪġ
ôôٰҶ췢֣ȹ̻᳡ĿҪ˺ֻܶ࣬кٵһЩפ۲졣
С壬ľƲ̫ȣβμӹ̵˲Ǻܶ࣬⹫ҲˣЩ˶˾Ƶ
ӽɳͶ֮ľȴܶطܶǸǰʯˣ˺ܸߵ𣬸Ƿড
ûһĹ˾Դ˴ι̶˹ɢǸϢģҲʹι쳣ԭʯĳɽԶԶ칫̡
鹫ٰ̾úûҶһëǮĹϵûУĽͺżɽʵıǰĵʯϣ
Ҷ쵽İʯСĵѵʦ壬гļ۸е䣬ı̫ˡ


515 ªʯͷ
ţԭϽţӦôĳƷгܻ𱬲Ŷ԰ǲҪЩ𣿡ĻҶЩֵʵ
Цһ˵ԭ򣬵г̫ȶܶڶڹ
ԭƶʱԭϵļ۸ǣɱߣʹϵĳƷҲϵۼ۸ԭһЩǧǮĶڶ飬Ƿ֮Ŀࡣ
ھŰᣬгǺܳ죬󲿷ֶһЩеͶ˵Ĺ˿ͣЩղؼһûУһ߰ۼۣúܶȴˡ
ȻܶǸڣûи߶˹˿͵Ľ룬һЩƷȥҲг乫Ҳſȸˡ
ĽͺҶЦпܵĻʽԭгɣ֮ǲģ
С壬гЩֵؿҶ죬λСʦûʯɣ
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ҶղŵıУλ֣ƺǺܶʯ¶ҶҲʧȥȤʦѡһЩּõȥˣгĵԣʽۺĴ̼ȴǼΪġ
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ĻҶվҿһۣѹ˵Զ˽˷ɻȥ߱Ҳġ
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ԿЦһëϣ˵С壬͡ӣˣֵ˵ۣ
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Ҷԥʱλʦ֪ð˳һۿǿϵԭʯЦˣ㻹˼ʯͷҲˣԪѣ͵ǽѧ˰ɡ
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СʦΪ˺ڸ۵û͵λȦĻϰ壬ֻ˶۾ǣϰɻնոԼǸƵݣҲҿˡ
Ҷ뿪ֻۣ֪ܶ£ȴûмҶ졣
֣ҲǸ۵ĺž޸֮ϣ֣֣ҵĵϵӵܣЩȻ˽ú¼ǴµǣȻЩˡ
ǺǣϴˣҿɴûĹʯҲǵһΡ
Ҷҡҡͷ׻˵³׳ֲڶʯȦ˻죬αسͷأ¸һ׼ת뿪
ֻҶ컹û߳ʹС壬ʯͷҪᵽɻȥ϶߲˵ģЩҪġ
ھĸԤ£ԭʯĳʮϸ񣬵ʯĹԭʯͳһΪ˽ԳǷ⿪Ļ䣬Զȴԭʯ׵öࡣ
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ĽͺҶüͷ˵ǻǽ߰ɣϵǱߣͷɻǱ߹ͨһ£ϻȥǾߣ
ħɽ֮ѾȥüˣҶҲ·뿪һһ̰ɣԭʯнɵĺ䶯Ͼ˼ˣ˵⹫ÿ춼˽ƷʯҶ飬ӦҲʲôϡ°ɣ
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ܡҶûشһ䣬ȳϣҪʲô취
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һʯҶ죬ʵС壬ҪȽһ鰡
ҶǿģȰг
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ҶָʾҲûϻֱòʯԱߣк߰˸Աǿªԭʯ̧ʯϡ

ҪӹԭʯҶ˹ȥʯĺϽǹ̶ģֻƶԭʯȷҪиķλȻλ÷ŵĵطˡ
ôʯͷҪλ𣿡
ǣ1414ԭʯҪгҰЩʯԵ
С˵ͣûƼ֣ܶ˵˵жء
ҶȶԭʯͺϽֵλãԱЩ֪ҶݵˣʱԳ鱻˶ΪǷϵԭʯܽ䣬ֻ˵˴βμ乫̵˶Ϲ۾


518 ʯУ
Ҷ죬һȥˣԭʯİʯȻеԭʯ϶ġ
ΧЩ˵ۣϸоЩģ鱦Ҫˣڹϰʮ춼ʽġƷԭʯȻǸȥ
Ҳ˲Ҷ조ˣ̲סԡѡһ䣬ˣʡôǰ۰
͸ʯƤĶ
Ҷͣס֣Ȼ˵۾ȴЩ۷׷׵ˡ
ȻܣС壬ʯҲмɵİһ£Ҷ˼Ϊ䰡
͸ˣǸˣҶûİһۣǻ˵ȴһ⣬еǷζ
ˣʯɲô򵥣СĴ͡
ǣѡ顮ʺϡô׵飿
ʲôʱô˰ǵǿܽʲô
Ҷ⻰ǷŭΧ۵˷׷׹һϾ¶Ц뿴ϵӵܴ顰ϡнģ
ûۿʯһȺļһ
ҶƲƲ죬ѹûһе˻죬Ҳµˣһ仰ƫƫ˶쳣ЩʯǰǾЩ
С壬Ҫ𣿲ĻͿаɣ
ʱҪ޳ˣ˲Ҷô˵պ鱦ɫ˵ⳡʮ鱦˾ʵҪԶԶ鱦
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ҶҲͣǿԭʯںλúʯĿأͨɫĺϽ֣ʱɿת
ץ˲ֵİѱϣҶ컺תŵĳѹȥֽӴԭʯʱһƬƬмĩƮ
Ҷѡʯǳһ飬Ͻֵİ뾶ﵽʮ֣ҶҪеĲλֱֻʮ幫ңҲ˵һȥͿгһ
ҶĶǺܿ죬µϾҪпʯͷЩʱٶȶһµģšǡĳֺʯͷĦءһ죬һʮ๫ʯԭʯ뿪صʯµϡ
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ˮϴһ£ǲʯġ
ոг棬Χ۵˾Ͷ˳һˮܣʯϵˮǰҶһȥˣʲŵĳȫȻǳǿƵġ
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ҶֻץסʯϣȴЩңĪЩ˵͸Լ棬ܿĶɡҶԼ֪ľʲôء
ǸʲôҶ˳ְѱתͷǸղЩ˵䳰ȷҶ϶ΪǶǵ׷ء
ⳡ浹ǲΪȻҶЦС壬ʯģһʯͷ⿪Ҷ֪ǻģ
ʯȻڽʯˣڽʯĹУʹЩ˼ʮˣоŵģΪⲻڿ֤ǵھǵĺɰ
Ҫ֪оĶʯʦҲҶһԭʯǷƷʵĺûֻ֪ʯʯСһһ˵ͷղ仰ӦڶʯȦʺϲˡ
ö֮Ҳγ˸أֻҪڹֳʯģΧ۵ˣʹǵʯͷЩҲΪ˶ǶΪ˶Ŀ̾Ϣġ
ȻЩǰΧˣȴǡ÷ˣǶǱžڵҶĿأ̬ڶʯҲǼΪˡ
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ǰǿп˰ɣ
ֻһ߼ǱһΧ˾ʲôˣһץͷӶ޲ǰǼֵƨ߸š
ף⡭ôͳ˰˵ã˵ǻǿˡ
ں˵Ĵߴ£һͷվɻ飬Ӵʯеʮˣӽǰ߾˻죬û
ϣô°ʯͷʲôǴһ˵˵
վ˶ʱͣס˹ڶʯȦ˻ˣûһԸ˵ģΪȦͷʵ̫ˡ
ϵļ峯ʹ鱦صĲҵ깧̫ǿҪȥǸĸɫָǴϵһүȥģ̫ǼͷΣҲƼ׳ġ
ѧԨԴϴʱ߾ʯѾˣֶʯûʧ֣ԱȦ˸ˡơ
Χ۵Щ˸Ҷ죬ǰһȴǹصĺܣүüͷ˼ڶʱ
ƤзɫǱʴδҲû䣬ճ˵һϡ
˼˺һᣬ˶ڵ˵ЦЦ˵Сһг縣͸ŹӺɫĿԼ󣡡
ʲôϣ˼ǣˣ
ܰɣ⡭ϾȻܳ䣿
۸ֲߣҲС׬һʶѣ˵ûл֪ء
ϴ˻һڶʱ˵϶¶˲ŵɫмվŽˣǿСֵ˹ȥֵľԭʯ棬п͸ɫ
Ҷᵹǳˣø첲һһ͵ʵʲôⰡҲ䣿
ȻˡЦһ˵С壬ôôðȻ۸ǺܸߣҲǶˡ
Թžк̴˵ɫʣɵص׿ʴγɵģ䣬һ㶼ǳȾµģڵ¶ԺȽϳгϵļ۸ҲǺܸߣΪее͵Ʒ
ʹٱˣҶҲ׬ⰡôһӣֻͰҲûʲôˣҪ֪ôһӣֻͳʮĺӣҲֵʮˡ
ʱΧʯԱߵЩˣϾ¶˹Źֵɫû뵽Ҷ컹˹ʺˣȻ⹷ʺصԭʯУȻҲг
׻˵ܿܣʯҲˣȻûȫֵ縣Ҳʹ˶ҶĿ࿴ʲҶ¶ĿԴƺҲһŵˡ
˾ҶĺʱȴֶǰԼĹ۲һվ󣬶Ҷ˵λС磬ĲˣɰֻȥһָӦþܼˡ
ãллߵָ㣡Ҷ˵ͷʯԵһɰֻ


519 ʯ£
Цŵ˵ͷָһط˵СӣȥСһ㣬಻ָ϶ġ
ҶЩؿһߣ׻˵רò˵˻ǲҶӦĵطȷ˵ķֺ
ЦЦҶɰֻĿأСɰֵתʱ쳹أЩΧ۵Ҳͣסһ֣׷׽ĿҶ쿴ȥ
ǡǣ
ָĵطҶ콫ɰִ˹ȥһɫ績ʯͷмʱĦڶ
ҶʯĶʮֿ죬ֱһɰֱĥҶ춼ûͣ¹۲һ£һɰƬּظŸղŵĶλһֱԱ߶棬Ȼϵʯͷм
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ˣ̵ģСǹʺ˰
ã˵ҪʯͷмԵİ
Ҷ֮ͣԭվʯԵ˶ʱΧȥûȻվ۷׷ףĽʼɵ֮໥Ҳ٣˶ŪԼļʶ
СӣǸְ
һֱעҶʯϲûǰ֣ﺬĿ佱Ҷһ䣬ֻԼףʱʵҶѾˣʹûԼѣҶҲ˼˿⡣
ʯҲŹѴȶʯףĽʯֲǿ۾۲죬ƾеһֱڹҪ˼ʱʱذָջ˵Ȼȴʵڵġ
ֻҪﵽ־磬ûʮĽʯǺģǰԼͿԣֻ˥ˣҲҶԼܱҶղøá
Ǻǣ˼ҹˣȶѡҶ첻ɫشһ䣬ûзҲûгϡ
Ҷڶ徢ƿأ˵ȿԸӦԭʯĴڣ㲻֪λãƾҶͨɰֶԭʯиʱϸ΢𶯸оҲɰִĥɲǼ佫ջġ
˼ңŸƷΰɡ
Ҫ˵ԭʯĸӦԼʯҶȻ˵˫ܳԼ˾Բ̸ֻ࣬䣬ͺϹˣʹӦĻ𶼷ֲġ
ãҲмƷģͷҾͰ㿴
һϲЯ˳ƵģһǲʶæۿʯͷҲپܾҶ쿪˿ڣ˴ӿڴͳһСֵ磬ߵԭʯǰ档
٣ǣðɡ
ҶһץסһſǴڴ鿴ˣذൽһߣӲ֮ͱ˸Χˮйͨˡ
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ҶҪ𣬿վǰʱϢˣڶʯе˻죬ûиҵ
˵缸ʲô䰡
ǣ˵˵Ǵ𣿡
˵ĺΧԭʯǰĸҲÿ壬⼸еɫȴЩûڵһʱ俴˺治ѡ
һʮ˵˵ãǺɫرޣΧĽᾧ嶼ȾôɫƷӦò̫
˵ĻҲֹۣͣ׷׽Ŀ⼯۲ŴϣҲ֪鱻˶û۵ԭʯܽʲô
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ʮӣջеСͲͷŴ󾵣ΧȥԪļ۸񹺵һ䣬ڶʯȦҲΪһ׮Сľ䰸
ϲһѶͷϵĺ飬˵Ĵ̫СĲǺ¶Ĳ֣ѵһϵȺ䣬ˮҲﵽ˱֣ģҪ⿪֪ˡ
ʲôϵȺ䣿
죬ôһ飬ѲɶǺӣ
ǣǴǰֻҪͳһӾͼֵϰˣ
ϵĻͬһ㣬ó˶һ㶣̶Ӧ˹ʱ׷ֳӲѡ
Ҫ֪Ȼ۸Ǻܸߣָͨд֣ǺдϣļƷ硰ں족ȵȣֵȵ̲٣ͬеϡƷ
ڶʯеͺ˹ڽڽ࣬Ļû˻ɵģ֮˵ĿٿǿªԭʯԼҶʱ
ԭʯشٽڽеʮͳ˱ϳ֮ΪƷ⣬̺䣬ܴܿﵽһ˲ŵ֡
ԴʱЩԭʯ鱦Уԭ֮ΪʺëϣѾҡһΪеˣһ̯ʺƶԸһڵġ
СֵܣʯͷҪٽˣһɾͿ˰ҳҵˣ
ԭʯûõģܿ˽ҶϣһϴСָϸˣһҶ쿪˼۸
ϰ壬Ҳ̫ĺ˰ɣƾ¶Ʒ䣬Ҳֹˡ
һ۾ʱ鱦Ȳλϰ̨ŶҶ˵λҳ˰㿴۸ôҪǲǻ̸ģ
˰ߣΪڹг©Сֵܣҳһǧ򣡡
λϰ屻˽ҴǵС˼ȴû˿ɫָҶ쿪˸۸һڱصõӡ
ҳһǧ򣡡
һǧǵòƷ
ҳһǧ˰ˣ۸ɲ˰
乫̣Ƽ˶鱦ˣЩǲۺ̧ۣ֮۾գһµġ
ʯ˿ܻоܼ٣ƾһһ仰ЩϰǾ̧һҪǱҵУǻ
ʵ佻׵ĳڽʯڼǾģҪ֪Ȼ俪ɳ٣Ʒȴǲ࣬һ㣬ЩеһӶûܼʶ
һиƷʵ֣˵ĺΪһ鼫ƷļֵһǧͨӶȲϵģʹһǧļ۸Ҳеġ
Ȼϵĵɾһ߻ֳ˵ļ鶼һ˼Ѫһƴ̧˼۸
̵ģֲôϲʯǮģлҪ찡
ҶҲǼ˵ˣҲЩ˵һ
Ҷ쵹һǧ򣬹ؼԭʯֻٶԪõģ򱶣ҿͷЩ˻ݣ۸мǵĿռ䡣
ҶȴǲЩٿˣ伴ʹֵǮҲûгǮĴ㣬ϾǱʻƽ֮ҶľͲǮˣЩǮûȥĵرˡ


520 
С壬Щ˺ƣô϶٣ҿһɡ
ҶüͷĬеżˣǾ뵽ʯеģ֪Щ˶ԭʯδȫ⿪׬һʶѡ
ȻҲжĿǮĿԣҪȻͲᱻ֮Ϊʯˣе棬Ǻͷճȵġ
ΪһҶЦЦһ˿ȵλãһҪʯء
Ҷ̺ĺʱΧſ۵Ϊ֮˹Ըæ˰죬ѹû˼
СֵܣҪȥĻ˿ɾһĲֵ˰
ǣǼĶˣڲ˳ֲ
ǰٶģǧңԸԸתҰ
ҶȻ˵ҪʯĵĻǴڣ֮鶯֮ǳԿţֶβһ㣬ĿĲΪҶ䡣
ûɵӵģƷϡ٣͵̶еһƴֻҪٽԭʯͳȭͷһʹǧĸ߼ۣҲ׬ġ
˵Ƿ
Ҷüͷǰһƿ˵ղŲ˵ҶĳĿһôˣˣÿҪʯˣ
ҶЩͷˣԭΧʯԱߵļҲֻÿȥ·¹Ҷʯͷļ۸жˣȨȴҶɣۺҲ޷Ҷľ
ģˣ
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ԸҪԭʯе䣬ֻΪ˸۵լþõģһҪӹһƳɲͬ͵ĹƷʯҶ쵹ǲô⡣
뵽ҶɴҲȥӦԭʯڲˣֱӽǿ޴ԭʯŲһ£м䲿λ׼˸߸̧ʯȴֱһмȥȻ߽ͳ
С壬Ǹ
ҶľٶɣʲôЦѾ˺䣬õİ취ɰֻ𲽽Աߵ績ʯƤ޶ȱʯԡ
ҶҪôһٺõҲҪƻļֵҪ֪һ鼫ƷİڼֵͲЩװƷȵġ
Сӣʯзģ˵ʯͷֻҪǲͷҰһΣ
ϿҶĴҲǳȰ˵һӰ䣬ʵڼһӱҶ̣˿ǶʯĻһ¡
ϵҲֻܲһֳֺƷëϣǲϸʮ¶Ѿް˳ԭʯϷɻظ۵Ĵˡ
ãʯͷģˣһɣٶӦòɣ
ǳֿĻֿı飬Ҷ첻Цμӹ̵ĿľΪҵʵʯΪ󷨵壬ʯļֵҶûǹ
Ǻãɡҡҡͷеһ˿ϧҶģ˵һǰԭʯж˿飬ҲôЩ˵顣
Сӷ˰ɣǮ׬ȻҪһ
һûʲôеλðм俪ⲻǺٺõҲҪ̣
ԭˣҶִҪһпʼ׷׻Ҷ׸ĸʽ찮С˲ǲŻ鹷ԭʯɣ
Ҷ˵ĳȰⶼûڰԭʯӹִ̺֮ʯϵĵԴء
ʱɫѽƻˣͱúͮͮģתŵĺϽϣһƬ⣬̵۾ʹ̲סзͬʱǵĶҲ˽ʯͷһĦ
˲ñĿ˫ۣ˶ɴ۾Ҷ֣֪ԭʯ֮е̲˶䣬Ҷ޴Ϊֽʧ
Ͻֵİ뾶ԽԭʯһΪģڳƬ뵽ڵĲλʱҶͣס֣ǶԭʯܵĺϽȡ˳
ҶûЩԭʯ̺鱦ӣֱӽ棬кˣԭʯת˹׼ӵײһ׽ԭʯֿ
˲⣬ɻ󣬷ŭ޿κεУʯ˳ʯͷеġǡȫžһƬ˶ס˺ڵŴ𰸵
ҶʯĶ˿̸Уһֳɱڶԭʯ³ķֽ⣬мܾ˱ˮƬµΪһĽԭʯֳ롣
ϸڵƿأܱȵҶ˾ָȻԲֱͬȥģǺϵ޷죬һµһ㣬û˿ƫ롣
ֻԭʯ󣬲û˽ʯǰкúͷСһԶڵϣȻһʯʯ̩ɽΧ۵Щ˷׷п˵ԭʯֵ磬һʱ俴Ρ
˺󣬷һʿҪ٣
ҶһϺȣס˼ѾΧߣת˵鷳ϰæ⵽Ǹʲô䣿
˵䣬Ҷؽһԭʯʯǹ⻬棬ʱҶЩ˵С
̫ϣһɫĹâ˲ͺһˮһ㣬ϵϦ˳ҫ۵Ĺԣ˶ˡ
ãƯ
⡭ǼƷ䰡
죬ôһ飬ҪֵǮ
һֶ֣ȺŴѹԼĵͺʶġҲ⣬ɵɵضǸ棬ȴûƶһ
ʱûȥ˵Ҷп֮ĻΪҶпˣҲһں;ʮ֮ĵһ䣬ͳϰٽԣͲֵһˡ
ϣƷΰôɫ͸ҪӺһ㣿
Ҫ˵ȫΨһܱ򶨵ˣȻҶĪˣʯĽԤ֮УҶֻЩƷΡ
ʯƷʣֱӾԪǿȣҶĸӦ£ʯߵУƺбȭͷԴһɢΪŨġ
ɫʺ졢͸ȽϺáʵˮ󣬰ٷ֮ʮܴﵽں졯Ʒʣף⡭谡
ϻǿֵ쿴˺һᣬϵĿע⵽ҶָǸطһ£̶Ȼü


521 
ҶָλôȭͷСһʯɫܱ߶̫һҪӵĺһЩ͸ȼߣǿֵ棬߼ȫ͸ȥ
֮Ʒõ֮Ա֮Ϊ֣Ҫľ͸Чʣ޺ƷʣԿԴﵽ˲֣ԱߵЩʯҪ߳˺ܶࡣ
ϣʲôҲһ𣿡
ǼӣҶЩԣʵЩС˵ϡ䣬ҶӦУӦҲʯһֻ֣Чȱĺһˡ
Ǻǣͷʧ̬ˣⶫԽ裬Ҳֵܽĺ䣡
ŷŴ󾵺ǿֵϸĹ۲һ¶Цݣ˵ʵֻһͳƣںӲУģڿʽǺܳƷ֡ʯУ裬ȴ֮ڣ֮ɵģֻּƷʯǲŻ֮Ϊġ
ʵѪʯ解һ֣ͨʯӢı֣ӵĵγɵģ˵裬ȴĵĺ壬һĵط
үӣⶫȵô
Ҷﶯһ£ԭʯпĺ䣬ϰٹ֮࣬ڲþĴ´ˣȭͷСĺ䣬Ҷ쵹ǿԸĥԣҶҵŮ˿ǲ٣ͳȥֻҲɰ
ྶͥиŵ㡣
һ£˵ΪԺΪ𣬵ɫʶ⵽µʱ򣬾ͷֲûˣͬѵһľƷ
Ǻͮͮһ˿ʵʯ̾Сֵܣʯˮƽͷ簡ƫһ㣬鼫ƷͻᱻƻǾֻܴĥɽ棬޷ˡ
ҡҾеģ
ҶƤһĺҲ仰࣬ҶղгһʱѹûʹףǴżֲͷ̬ȥġ
ƫƫôɣҶһȻû˼鼫ƷֺͳӺʮǾûġ
Сֵ̫ǫˡ
ЦЦȴǲôҶĻҶ϶һ׼ԭʯľУֻǲԼ԰ˣҲҶ죬ûԸڴ֮ͥ¶Լġ
ǫ飿һ治֪ʲôǫ顭Ҷһ˵˴滰Ϊǫˡ
ˣСֵܣӳ˴ﵽƷֵ֮⣬ƷҲڱ£ҽʯʮĳֵ࣬ߵһʯϣ
϶ǱгһͿ֮󣬺Ȼһת˵ͷڹҲһרӪƷƹ˾֪СֵԸԸҺͬЩأ
׻˵ƲģЩֵ޴ĺ䣬ˣҲ̲סˣţЩȫɾƷǰڼƳгһ޴䶯ġ
ϣҶС尡ⶫҪҲֻ۸鱦ɣ
Ҷδ𻰣һԵȴǼˣҶˣ˭Щļֵ
ĲǽǮ˭ҪܽЩԭеĻһƷĳӶ˵ܵ춨ĳ鱦˾ڵĵλ
Ҫ֪ΪװƷȻǴӴ̫λȨһʱμģֻжǵŷǱֻʯƽ𣬶䲢ǺܸȤҲ鱦ڵĵλ
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Ʒ𲻾ãĿǰеûоԵͷϴֻһЩ鱦ҵۺʵռ˰ڽɽ
˵ʵЩƹ˾ϣҲûʲôõóֵȭͷƷ鱦רעгĹ˾Ѿ˺ϵͷ
ǰʱҶЩƷڸ۵һȣҲҿĹ˾ĳһηͷڸѡ䣬ܶѾѡ鱦ǶЧӦ
䱾쳣ʺŮЩԭϴƷƳĻŻЩ۵Ƕ֮͵ģҲܽһ鱦Ʒơ
ԼҶг⼫Ʒ䣬вĵĵҲ˲ϵӣֱӳ鱦չһ
ĻЦЦ˵С⻰ͲˣЩԭϣ鱦ȫԵ£
ҶȦˣ˾Ա˴֮ʵǺ˽ģҶԭʯеֵԪϣ֪鱦ϸûôʽġ
ǣܣҪҷһɣЩ䣬Ҫ֮һΣϻ䣬֣Ҳ˳ǰ̻ûԸŹģҲܳΪ֣鱦ҵϵĸˡ
СֵܣҲҪ㰡۸
ǲֵҲҪֺҪָҰɣСֵܣҳ500򣡡
԰˲ܶռ˰ɣܣ֣ܣҲҪЩС˾ڷ԰ɣ
ϻ֣¶չЩΧ۵ԭʯ˺鱦˾ܣҲ̲סˣ۾ȵضԭʯ׷Ҷ׳֦
гǺܳ죬߶˵乫˾ûγɣڼз棬һгҪǱˣЩС˾ҪûöĻܿͻᱻг̭ġ
ֳѾ˺˼۸񣬲ƴֵ֣鱦Ȼ˺֣ڲһ绰򵥵˵˼֮Ҷǰ˵Ҷֵܣǿ鼫ƷеıӣҶҪ֮һǧ۱۸ô
֮һǧ򣿣
۸񣬳˶ǵһΪǸղŵԤԭʯеֵӦþԪң֣Ŀһ½ܶõС˾ųϷ档
һֱֵĹž޲ϣҲĵװ̾˿٣ȴǺ֣ϲ̫Զˣ˴֣鱦׼г𲽿ʼƶҵ׼ˡ
С壬ְӵ绰ڳ˶ڻζ֣ļ۸ʱͷ󺹵ĴȺ⼷˽߸߾Ÿֻ
˵鱦ʽǲȫЩģҲоа¾ͳȥ˴˸绰ʱϵҪȽǮʹġ
ʦֵĵ绰
һ˷ܵΧ۵ˣҶֿЦõĸо
г䵽ڣûü˵һ仰ԭʯƺͱ˸ϷˣȻûһϾҶԸԸֵˡ


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ҶھĺԺǸ󷨣ڳҲһʱˣʹȻ˲ɷܹһЩһЩĺԺе֮ʱѾϡࡣ
ټϹļҺҿХµﳤסٶȽӵĿ졣
ҶĹ㣬һصĹ˵ĴסȥֻиǿĹЧˣʱͲʺˡ
ҶżŽ۵ĺլóʹԼʱסҲôʦ־סҪ֪ļ˰ȴҪԣĵط塣
Ҷ죬˵ֽһ鼫Ʒ
ҿȴûҶ쳶Щ鱦ִģ֮ܿ鱦ҲҿԸ֮һ˵ôʱҪСʦָˡ
ʦ֣ûӻٶԪˣ
˵¶Ҷ̲סЦڰСʱ֮ǰڳ˻Ƕ䳰ȷûɫһȴǰڳһ޲ýԼŮ޸ԼļƣҪԸ𲻴Ӧ
ȻҶ첻ַǳˣǰı仯ˬͺС˵ٳμǡһ㣬˻һĻִġ̳μǡ
ʦܣҪʦָӰ
ԼˣҿҲûҶϻżɽ˵ĺʦ֣߸ӹɳƷ۵Ҳңȵۻؿ֮Ƕ˷ֳɣҶˣ㿴ô
׻˵ֵˣҿҶ˵ˣֱ˵װΪҶ£˷ֳɣ鱦ûκˡ
Ҫ֪ļӹҲһϸҪ뵽ո߳ĵʦһʲƵķãټϳʱԼ˹ãҿöɣ˵ҪԼһЩǮء
Ȼ̣ҿҲԿ鱦Ƴһϵжһ޶ĺƷſڸ۵һֹЧӦǻٶǮ޷ġ
ôһλ鱦պطչģȫԴӻƽбʯ𽥱֪ڣȻ鱦һٷչʱڡ
ʦ֣ͱˣõģͬҲκһˣ
ΧЩ۰Ͱ͵ڶԼ绰ҶҲֱ˵ĻظҿԱЩɫһϲҶĻˣ鱦ûϷͬûϷ
Ҷ죬㡭Ҫôﰡ
ҿԭΪҶҪԼӣûȴǱܾˣ绰еҲԵЩˣԼûСʦܿڣĪӶֲ
ҶҲоԼղŵЩӲæ˵ʦ֣¶Ǽ˵ʱ㻹ҪĻҰɣ
ɣǼ̸ɡҶĻҿ֪ԼСʦܣҲǣ֮ʦֵ꣬λΪЩ˸飿
ҶҶ֪Щ䣬ûгֵ򰡣
ҶҶ˵绰֣СʵҶںʦͨģڸ۵ܺҿֿ˵ˣһƾˣ֣ܶҶֹ̬˼֡
Ҷ֣ΪӼ۸ͣæ˵ҶģֻҪԸ۸ȫ⣬ҿڸղŰǧչ֮һԤϵĻϣټǧ۱ң
֣ϼŵʲߴڸ۱ңΪ֣ϼŵ鱦˾תõʲڴ˴鹫֮ǰƶδ깫˾طչǾҪʯг
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Ҷǳ֣Ǹ߼ۣǻǺгģֻҪԸЩ䣬ǻ̸
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֣Ŀۣڽԭгļ۸Ӳĸ̧ȥȻ൱֮
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ЩְԼƲҶǲ֪˵ʲôˣԼþôˣҪܳԵϷ
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ҶһھܾԼıۣ֣Ҳ˲ЩɢС鱦ˣæ˵Ҷǲٿһ£۸ǻġ
֣ܣȱǮ𣿡
ҶЦЦؿһ֣˵Щã͸ʦˣôģͱˡ
㣬ðɣҶԸԺǻܺ
ʹ֣ƢٺãҲҶ˵˻¹˹תͷͳȺ֣ڸ۵֮ߵĲʲôһЩģ֣׼ȥʾ¼壬ܴܲӱҶһЩѹ
ֻǵ֣Լ뷨֮ûСʱһ绰ʹ˽λҪүӽһͨҹ͸ϻ˸۵ҶߵĻһ
ЩһŲãһҪʯģ
Ҷû֣ȥϣһһֱۣߵʯ˻ֽѵһļƷ
ֻҶĽʯȴдΪҶĳ˳СĵĽǿ鲣ֵĺ˳䣬Ʒʺûһ¡
Ҫ֪ʯĳֺȣڽиʱкܴĵģҶ˵һͨУҲҪĵС䣬ǮĻʮûˡ
ֻһҶʯĽȴǼӿ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ߰˷ӵĹشٽԭʯȻȫֽ˳


523 ʮ
ܼӰ⵽˭ҵĺӣ
ǣúõһ䱻̣ˣ˷˶ٺѽ
ҶľٶΧ۵Щ˾ĵװүﲻ۰Ʒ֮õһ䣬Ӳرи䡣
ǼʶϣʱҲڳ鴤ţһӵ䣬Ѿ˸飬Ҷһ̬ľٶҲ۲ѡ
ϣҲûҶĵĺ䣬ֻΪϽֵԵʣڷָʱĵģڰʯƤϵʱҶµȴǾ׼֮ûһ˿һ䡣
ҶģôŪҲǹ̶̵ܲ߰˷ӹٽصԭʯʯƤѾ뿪ĿʳԼʮϣǰ
Ȼûоĥ׹ȹ򣬵ĿȻֳһ֮޺͵£ɢž޴ʯԱʮ׵ķΧڣȾ˺ɫĺ
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̫ˣ˵жֳôһͷ
ֻת˲֮䣬ֶ;תΪ˷ŭΪҶȻ֪˼ֱ⼸ϰ֮ȫ뵽һ֮С
Ȼ͸ƤϡܿһĨɫղĵĳȴʧˣвԾظеһ˿ź
˰֮ηѣŵҶʵС壬ӻ𣿡
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˸ӵУҶһ뿪˽ʯأϴṩĳص˾Ƶꡣ
ҶЩֵڵļƷԭϣжҲЩţصƵ򵥵ʰһ¶ֱϵλǸû
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СҶͷҲЩƣħɽļЩ˫ͷߵĳ֣Ҷδȫ߱һϰˡ
˫ͷߵĴڣҲһҶͷ˾ӣϵĺܶ಻Ϊ֪ĽܻЩ
ÿ˫ͷߺͳɽеĺԣҶԺﶼһִѵԼǰ񻰹£ЩΪԭ͵ĻеЩɣֺأ
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Сʱ󣬷ɻؽ˸۵ʻ߳պҶЩķ֣ξȻǰѩѩӵԼԶȻûг֡
ѯѩѩҶ֪ǰԪչΪҵˣԶеĲҵ߷һ飬岻ϾѸߣ⼸ҲڼҾϢˡ
һȥˡ
ǰЦ绨ѩѩҶ˼ЩƮתۼԼʮˣҵ֮ʱԼӦҲҪɼˡ
뵽ھǵţҶͷЩΣԼ⼸궫ܵģûڼãţԼպûھʲôʡĲ
ܾѩѩסƼҵ룬ҶóӰ͵ҿı⵽۲סʦּңͷҿһҶҲǳԲġ

Сʦܣƽ˾ˣǺҪָʦһЩ
˵ڶʱҿͺ͹ļҸϵ˱Уŵһ仰ͳԹҶ켦Ƥ񶼿ˡ
ҿСʦ£ĵ˵˵鷢ɡ
ļЦŸҶΧʲô̴䣬ǶҶħɽеļǺ棬˽ɽл˺ü֣ûҶȻ˳Ͱѻƽȡ˳
λҶȻʲôżɽ˵ʦ֣ӢѾˣȥ˱һٶˣ
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ǹļľΪѾﵽ˹ž޲ľ磬ҲҶ仰ôɳȻļһֱУҲû뵽徹ȻҶȥһٶˡ
ʦ֣Ҳãûħɽ˸
Ҷ콫Щ飬ԭԭĸ˽һ飬飬˾¶ݣǽ˫ͷߵʱ򣬶˸ΪҶ쵣Ĳѡ
ľҶ˫һ̯˵ʦ֣ģȻĽӢʱҲΪˡ
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ļҶ˼СʦѱӢԼģЦ˵ΪΪʳҶ죬û黳ģӢ۳ɲҵħ
Ȼһۣ͹ȥˣļ̹ȻˣҴϸ˵ЩƽͲƸԭǱչģǲǻڶʳء
ˣҶ죬ЩƽѾ˵ˣϵҽġ
ļҴӻȡһۣݸҶ֮󣬽˵ϵҸ㣬ЩƽҪ¯ܸ֮˵ֵ㲻Ҫż
ûżЩżɣ
ҶЦŴ˴ۣû뵽κİЧ֮ߣХ˻ع죬ȻѾƽתǮùļҸԼ˹
10ڣ
һֺľŸ㣬Ҷ΢΢üͷ漴չˣȻǮеҪһЩǶҶҲ㹻ˣκ㣬Ҳǻ˲С
ҶµûʻƽۼۣÿҲڰʮԪң۸ȻҪӱһЩҶ15ֻƽ10ڣ˵κʹĽ
Ŵһ£ҶнǮ˸䣬ļ˵ʦ֣ǮҪóİڣΪһר𣬿ɶʦ˲Ͷʣ㿴ô


524 ˮ
ƽһģûκεĹϵˣСʦܣǮôôҵ⣡
ҶĻ󣬹ļЦ֪СʦܲռԼıˣҪǱʻƽõǮΪһʽ
ֻļڶ90ˣûκεǣǮƣҶҪЩǮȥʲôٹʵġ
ʦ֣Ǿô˵ˡ
ҶЦЦ˵Ϊڸ۵լӵװԼõģܳɹﲼһպͿΪһŻڣҲѷˡ
ŶҶ죬Һͼҿͬ۵ԭɣ
ļ۾һ־磬ĺô
Ѱɽ󴨱ӣΪѰŨ֮ؽȻܳȷ˵Ľкܴ棬ٳǾûġ
ϵԪʱûκεĹҵȾһľޱȣéɽ֮Уߴһٶʮ꣬ĺô
ԣʦ֣ҶһЩоȻԣȴѽʦֵ˺ֲؿ󷨸һЩ
ҶھĺԺµľʵȡ˸ɣĹŷλʹڻɷй˳ͬʱֹдںһʹ
ٺȴҪʵʵ׼ܶڹˣΪˮ쳣ĻԾȶԶɽ֮Ҳǹ˼ѰҺӵҪԭ
ﲼ󷨣ҶҪڱʹ֮佨һЩĽʹúϵЩֱ޷ܣ⻹Ҫת󷨣ЩתʺãѶҪȾǾˡ
ҲҶԴӽ˹ССĺլ֮һֱûжֲԭˣ󷨷֮⣬ҪýֵʽҪʻƽҶȻ޷
СʦܣΪҺͶʦܸ֣
ļҺ󷨣ܺʦܹͬﲻЩˣ˵ʲôʱʼСʦҪʲôϣץüҿȥ׼
԰Ҷ죬ҪʲôҾȥð졣ҿ˵ͷԭһľ磬ԴӽʶҶ󣬹ͻͽһƬԭȸ޷硣
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ҶЦģȴ߸ֻҪһв԰ΣҿžһȴҪżһЩˡ
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Ҷ¶ҿǷӦ˹֪Ҫʯģֻ֮ǰû뵽侹ȻҲʹá
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ҶЦֽڿǸ˹˵ʦ֣һһʮ˹䣬ҹһЩʽҼվտʦͼСߴһҪ׼
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ʵһЩ深ΣҶ׼ԼģΪЩʯҪڵλãȻҪһЩԪȥʹܼתЩȴʦɵˡ
ҿҲһֵľͼֽһ֮˵û⣬ͼӣЩĹ֮ӦÿԶ
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ˣСʦܣȥʯջĿɲȫЩϰɣ
ҿǴӺзһЦЦĿҶ죬˵һ鼫Ʒأ㲻ǶΪ赼󷨵ʯɣҲ̫ˡ
˵һƷʵƷˣһһ鱦ҿȻȥЩֺˣȴǽĿǿ鲣ֵˡ
ҿûڴҵǿӣǱҶˡ
ʦֵ֣ǿˣ
Ҷ˵Сͽˣֻӣʱ͸ϱģõĶҲɣ
ҶѾ˵̵ӺһЩƷƽʱȴǸϲɫ鼫ƷʱҶѾĥ켸ʱ͸ˡ
С̵Ǵþ
ҶĽͺҿһ£˵ɣӽĥϹأҲҪҵϰ꣬ʱٸȥǰʦæɣ
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ҿôһ˵ҶæͷӦһͬҪһЩ⹤ߵģҿĽ飬Ҷ֮ء
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Ĳͷعļң̸飬վ˵ߣȥҶլӿȰѵӶ˵
ɣҲԶھ͹ȥɡ
ҶҲս󷨲ãȵĺԺ֮󣬾Ϳһ˴լӰȥסΪλʦֵ֮أҶԼͷܵġ
ҲûмʻԱҿݳǴλڸ۵ɽķˮʻȥھܶطʱ򣬶ԿһЩڷï֦ҶеĺլȴǸ۵һЩסġ
ҿĳǿͨɽլ֮ģھ֮ͤʻ뵽һС·ϣ·߳˷ͩôСһɽʯģ沼̦һ徲ĸо
ˣҶ죬￪˴ԼףͣһդǰҿһѵԿ׽Ŵ򿪣˼˵ǰ
ⶰ彨һĲ¥ǽʧޣǽƤѾˣ԰еĻԼȴֲȴǱľҲõһȾӦǾɨġ
ʵչСС˼װ޹˾ĻȻһ֮͸ҶģҶԼ뷨ȻǲϴӦˣԱһֱ
ãⶰķˮǸҪã󺣵ļҲӽһ㣡
뻨԰֮Ҷ쾶ֱߵ˱ɽһ棬ԶĴȥ۾վⱳɽ溣ĵط˶оĿҶ޲ڡ
ָҶ찴ǰԵķλڱ߶Ҳʱüͷ̲סһ£˵ʦ֣ܲͨһ£Ǹ·ڰ˰׵ĵطһԲⷽķˮ


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˳ҶָķȥҿЦȻˮأҲЩĵطСʦܣָǳ۵۵ĵط
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ڵλƫأԾͱΪ˼ڣڴ̻ĸ۵ҲĵطҶղӦǹɷɳ򴫹ġ
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Ҷָĵطһغ۵ıؾ֮أ·ֱͨ˷ˮҶǰ첻ġ
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ҿ۵ķˮߣҲǰ۶ϯˮʣ˵Ļڸ۵ϲӰ
ֻҪҿָǴطˮѣӰ쵽ɽߺլķˮҶЩǸھǾͻżģǵӰƶ޽һ·治ʲôѵ顣
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ҿϸĽ˷֮Ҷֶʦ֣ҪаϣʲȫҪõģһҪ԰ѹزС
ھǾģҶ֪ܶè壬ɲԼˮû꣬ΪʩԭȻ
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ԭҶƽ˵ޱӦǰܸϻؾǣҶ첢û׼էȻʧ˶ʮĸ׻ص˼У֮ǿ֪ġ
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ʦ֣»ҪˡҶԿЦһ˵ҲģլӵĲãһ˵ɡ
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صкЩһԴ˯ߵҶ죬ľþδ붨Ƶȫĸۡ


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532 ռ˱˻
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ЩɣҶ۾һɣǹԹԵߵǰվҶǰԵѵӪ̹һĸо
ȵľٶɳϵޱЩ㶣Ѿͷô꣬޷ðȺԼһͬԷҶһ仰Ȼ쵽ˡ
ޱһҶƽ˵ƽ㡭˵Ҹϱô
ɡɰ
ӵǣҶƽЩԣſڴӦ֮ϾͷӦ˹æ˵УǿɲУҶδ޵ģѵŮ¾ԲУ
ޱҶƽһۣ˵ҡû˵öýȢµСĲˣ
⡭ҲУ
ҶƽЩɵۣӶʱһƬң˼֪ԼЩСˣ˵ͨ
ʲôأҶ˼ͻȥޱŭҶƽͷϵһǣվȥӳԷˡ
Ҫ˵Ůĵطޱ̬ˣĸ׵ʮа˸ϣ檳ȺõģԼϣһȴҪϹ
⡭϶Լ裡
ҶʲôޱҶƽĶԻȻСһֲ©Ķ˶пЦֻ֮࣬ܵͷǷˡ
һž֮ĵһٷޱǲʱЩЦйȥˣڸճ극κ쾹ȻˣʡȥҶΡ
ҰôæºôҲͷҴ绰ҶҲκʱһ
СӳԼһͨ𣬺ϢˣԼĵİΣ˰֪Ȼڸ۵ңء
˵ҺûϵӦҴʦֵģ飡
ҶʹκĻ磬û˵˵ˣʮֻƽֵʮڰɣֻʮڣһԿأ
㡭Сռ˱˻ԣ
κ챻ҶĻò˸ģ֪˶ŰǱʻƽ˳ģҶȻռ˱ˣ
Ҷ͸׵ĶԻޱЩĪǰס˸ףʵ֣ʲôʮֻƽ𰡣


533 ޶֤
ôСû㣿
κŮɳϣ˵ȥѰһƽû˻ͷҳ˳䲻ã
Լκ޻˵Ӣһӣû뵽ٵˣȴǱҶ˵أƽʱû˵ֻŮǰɧ
ԭίޱ˵֣ҶǻӦӦֵ𣿡
뵱Լ뿪ӣΪ׵ԵʣȻôޱԹ޵˼ҲˣϸͶǾҪվڶһߵġ
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ոκ죬ޱ仰ǺĲûֵҽ仰ߣȥǱ
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ҶƲƲ죬ٴκС˵Ĺ򣬵ҶƽЩȥˣ˵Ҷ죬˵䣬еò
ҶƽĻκʱӿһֵĸоŮԼⱻԼԧŮ˵˾乫
ҡͷЦһκ쿴Ҷ죬˵ʱ䲻ҪܣǱߺ鵽ˣ㲻뿪ǣӦûʲôµģЩ˵ֻ첻
Դӵ֪Ҷձ˳ͻ֮κزŶ˵飬ðһ亹
ձһһʮ˽뵽龳ڵģھҶͨ绰֮ԭһЩձˣȫʧȥټ
뵽Ҷ˵Ļɲκ첻棬鷽洫һϢ֤ʵκĲ롣
ձ˫һڵڿй߽ĵһɽУ˴ٻٵձ
һֳDNAȡշ϶ʮϣǲʧٵձˣڻ޷ȷ
Ǵ˳֮ΪħɽһΪըҶ
ȱٴͻеѾȹͣʿƶϣЩʧٵձˣпܾͱҶ֮С
˴ģʧ¼޷ڸǵסģձҲύջᣬ󳹲£ܿͲ鵽˲սϡ
Ҷ֣Ҳһν뵽һЩ˵ߵУȻսҶ뵽Ҷܵ黹ǿʼˡ
زߴصϢУձҪץҶ죬鱻ˡ
ʹˣҲǾκһ亹ʵҶƽ֪ͨҶϽعʡ汻˸ˡ
Ҷ죬Щģ
ϸ׵ؽߺޱһŵؿŶӣԼ֪Խ࣬ԽĿ͸Ҷˡ
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˵ʲôأҶʲôûαҪȥ㰡
κݺݵصŮһۣӽ֮ͷ֣Ůƺֱ½˵Ļȫ˼ġ
Ҷϵ£Ȼ޶֤Ȼܳˡ
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ĸżӣҶͷһů⣬Ц˵ڵҶڹڣҪȥ۴飬Ƿģûµģ
ҶڵΪȻ޷ˣŹľڼ׵ĸӦȴԽԽˣձɳҶԼҲǰֵġ
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շҪй£϶ǰģʹ˿Ҳţƹ飬ҲҶġ
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ȻִҲҶܣЩμҵϵӵ֪ܵĻһ׼ᱳڮүƫ۵ġ
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Ҷ˵ͷûгܣΪ֪˵ǿҲ޷һ࿹ģôһôҪǾܾǲɵء
㡭Сֵ㣡
κԵЩˣ뿪ߵſڵʱ̲סְвǶ˵Ҷһ䡣
һְֱܰ
Ҷ޹̯̯˫֣δֵ¶ϣκж˴ĪСӣ
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˶ӵЦޱҡҡͷ˵⺢ӣҲ⹫趼дҪ֣͹ɡ
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Ҷ˰֣˵ƵȻܺãûҿͰȥɣլӺܿġ
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ǰޱؼҰɣҺͶӶؼңҶ컰䣬ҶƽҲ˱߹ģ֮ǰҲȰӸܾˡ
áðɣһȥ
үһεӣޱһͷӦ
ޱ˴λعʮֵ͵ֻ˰ȣƵ귿ҲûˣҶĵػص˶ӵլӡ
ԺǳԣҲþþںߵޱо˾棬ںͶӽӴޱ֣ԼӴĲƸҶǰȻԵôĲ԰ס
˵µԺˣЩǮһڵѩͶ򲻵ҶǮϲޱЩܸС
Ҳޱƽ̬ֻһĸ׺ӣҲǸ̺߳Ůǿˡ
Ҷҵ۵ҶĺԺУĶԹѾμҵصǸɢΪ˵ܵܵҸҶҵļŮҲޱ
ŵޱҲԼǲʵʵͷźϲó׼õһ׶ʯƷ͸Լδϱ
ļ֮УҶһֱĸһ𣬽Щ귢ԼϵĵεΣĸӼĸҲ䵭Ҷʼ޷г衱
ڼޱҶӴʲ飬Ҷһڸܾˡ
ҶϵûѧʲôΨɢӣЩƸɾǸԼϼ˸ףҶŲɵء
ޱҲûǿȶӣóҶЩ񵭣Ҫ̺δؾʲô¡
Ҷ죬ôˣ
һޱëͷںͶʱ᷿ĵ绰Ȼ绰Ҷ죬ϵıЩ졣


534 ϴϢ
ǰ˭ĵ绰ô⸱飿Ҷƽԭ᷿Х˵飬绰Ҳ˳
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ûʲô飬֣˵ɣҪȥģХ죬ȥɡ
ٽأǰͻ᳤ɽˣХһֱסĺԺסǰԺûкһ㲻ȥԺӵġ
˵Сӣôô°
ҶƽһӵĻʱͼˣûͿҪˣʲô
Ҷƽܺ޸Ϊʱγɵĸңʹ󲿷ֶڶϵģҶѾΪӸһŦˡ
֣°ҶЦ˵һڣܻ
С죬ʲô鰡ȥɲɣʵڲк⹫кҲа
ͶӴһЩ죬ޱʮֵʱ⣬ȥ̺ĹĶǣҲȥĴǢ̸ĿּҵůʵҲ᲻ö뿪
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һ֣ҶƽĻ̲סʹҲ˲ӾˣſǡǸ˵Ϣˣ
ҶƽʮңƭһɶȻ˵Ҷƽûǻ޵ġ
ƽŶ˵
ޱŭؿɷһۣʵʲô°үôţ
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ദЩ죬ҶƽûиоΪƶϵĲʲôңޱôǳˡ
ӻؼ֮ҶƽɶӵĽ飬ԼպȥˣڹоϴȡһѧߣҲиʱӴһˡ
ڹͲݵ⣬ҶƽѾҶС÷ХˣղžڽХһЩƽʱҪע
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ҶƽҲ뿪ˣ׬ǮûӰʲô츳Ҳ˵ûȣҲ˦ȥҪִ׬Ǯ֤Լǲӳëء
У֣滹ǣϵһЩأǲһҪȥµġ
ҶҡҡͷҲǺܿ⼸ǧ򣬲ʱϴӵΪǿǽɡ
Ұհ˵ϴܻһЩ漰ˡ
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ޱͺŹϵУȻ׶ӿеĽʲô˼Ϊһĸ׵ģȻ뿴Ŷ·ԽԽԶġ
Ǻǣǳģõģ
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СӣҲ٩
ҶƽȻ۾ȴģޱǱ˵һ죬ֺݺݵɷһǡ
򵥵ʰ˼ϴ·ҶХֱ׶ڽһСء
һϲĺ࣬ĵӵʱ򣬷ɻҶֱӴʿϲԼ60๫ﴦķǸȥ
һµϲո˳ѩ·Щ򻬣ӿĲ죬ֱҹĻٵʱҶХŸϵͰԼõǸСд
ƭҲװ
дſ۵ĺҶ첻ҡҡͷǵϴ׽ס϶ʱǸǼƵء
дſŸŹӵǣƿǹɺ磬̲סӣû˵סʲô䣿˼İʮ˼ʮֻʣˣ
ˣһߣסģǵƨ˻ȥԹԵĿ˹ӡ
Ҷ쵱ϵ߽ʱסľֵأХڸɵĹǻᣬҲסĶдᳵ·¥һſڡ
˭ХŵոʹһѯʣЩЩš
ŰɣңҶ΢΢üͷΪֻһ˵ĺѵ϶Ͱֿ
ҶҶү
ΪְҵƭӣʮҪģҶ컰䣬ŵŷűˡ
㡭հģŴ򿪺վҶХ죬͵ؾסˣŵصɴ۾
վǰİ裬ݵⶼûˣֱӾƤͷĸǺһüӶˣǺްϻԵûλεġ
ХҶƽӴΰ裬վǰˣͼеǸиˣ»ǵվҲϲˡ
Ĳ˵ҪǸҰҹдߵϣһ׼ὫЩСŵóСʧġ
Ҷү˰
վſڵĶˣֱͺͼ˲࣬ϥһ̱˵ϣ˫ȥҶĴȣֱµ
ˣʲôҶץס½󣬽ᵽ˷


535 
סǸ˼䣬ֻʮƽ׵ӣȥŵ˴֮⣬ڷӵĵطûС
ڿĵطиС輸˷ӣһùζֱǶˣǴϵĻҳⷿӦþδͨˡ
ϵĳУһ㶼ûůģдҲڷﰲװյĵƹڰѩϷӳԵ쳣ĳʪ䡣
ȥɣһ㱻ӣ
һҶ콫ûİӵŵ˴ϣһڴ˱ء
ҶҶүҡҲ䣡յްӲϵıˮģХЩֱ
ʱҲһϰͷôͻأХ첻̽ʵ㡭ǰ裿
үҰ輷˸ȿ޻ҪѿЦ
㡭ô⸱ģˣʽЦݣХĻ
ҡҶүҰɣХĻ󣬰ҲЦˣҶһͷȥ
֪Լ֮Ա⸱˲˹ģȫǰ͵ģҲѹô󷽵ľͽԼ˸ˡ
Ӿ뿪֮󣬰϶ûȥѰҼϴģ˿֪ϴֶΣؽֻ
ֻǾڶ˳ɻܵĵϣͳëʼʱǸо䣬֢״ͷղ࣬ܵҽԺƿˮ󣬻˺ܶࡣ
ǵ˯ԺȴجǱظеСץŸǰ࣬Ǳйٶ͹ŵ˼켸ҹûҺۡ
϶ҲǽˣĥԼӦаѰһЩ׺
ֻһħʽǮڳȥ٣һЧûУجһ㶼٣ԽĿֲˡ
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Ҫ˵µجΣ軹ûбҲ´ˣһ˵Ļָ;ʧˡ
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Ҷүлллл˰ȷˣôõجΣǰµġ
Ҷ˰֣˵˵ЩûӪĻ飬ôˣϴĻˣ
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ҶĻ󣬰ϰԵľͿʼ䷢֮ͷӦ˹ݺݵسԼһͣ˵Ҷүƭ˭Ҳƭռ˵Ļˡ
Х죬ˮ
¶һ˿ĺɫҶ˰֣˵˵
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վ˼ϴ֪ܶ꣬ϴһЩȽصŵ㣬ÿЩطأһؾǺü¡
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ʱŵǻɢڵ⸱ӣǼϴûϳ˸档
֪ϴ˵ķǳǿԼκָͻᱻϡ
ӹһٵİæ϶˵绰ӱ˳ټϴ
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һսǵİۿ߰˸˽סǼǼݣûӾֵسˣʣ϶Ǳġ
˵ӵİҲҴϲˣֱӴ˸⳵˷ǣС֮ųȥҶ˸绰
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϶ǰ˽еġ͡רǴƫթƭֵˣڰ˽ˡ
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ҶүռĻģϿǹİ
ܲҶֶ̫϶һӶٻصطǿۼϴѻװġ
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Ҷ˵ͷ¶һ˿â˵߰ɣһطסͷҲֻߣҪš
ԪǾǶξٹѻƬʱڵģԷ˵ЩǺ֮ǡ
ֻǵʱˣڸ£ԪҲɱô࣬ʱ˸أʳѻƬ
Ʋģľ޴ʹͬ裬ԪһЩ֮Ҳͬ⣬ϵ֮뿪ҲкܴĹϵ
ܵʦӰ죬ҶЩҲʹĻȻǶɱ
ηηβһΧסİ뿪дҶһһ㲻ľƵס
Ҷ쿪䣬ХͰסһ䣬Լס䣬˵ҶʦļӣҪҪݼϴķλ

׸磬
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һ£ſŮϵǸˣ巴˴ϣֺݺݵǷĵطһѡ
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ŮǿʹЦ绨Ĵ˹ȥȴڰţÿʼʱ򻹳˺ü׳ҩհȤήˡ
ģɧǱԽϵЩǹԺҲȥǵطˡ
ϴɫԵ˫ŮţֻСܵȴવأ˿ӡ


536 ϴ
磬ǲǱԽϵСǸס˰һȥôʱ䣬Ҷˡ
ϴŮˣવСܵܰζûзӦ̲סһڣûõĶڴϾûӣͷҪԼˡ
ɧǲֻҲ㰡
ϴҸоʮֺãҪ֪ߵŮﺰή硱ʱ򣬲֪᲻һ
ȻˣġŮһĲס˼ϴ˵磬ûԽϴŮ˻
Ů֪ƾżϴı£÷ˣȻ˵ǱŮˣ۾ȴһżϴڴͷְ
ϲһ㣬ҪҪĨǵģЩ˿ӾҪǮ
ϴʲô߰ʱڻվ֣ԹɫĹԶһܼϵģִӴͷְóһɫʯ˵ȥɣҲֵġ
лл硣Ůڼϴһڣӹǿ֮۾ȴְǺһҡ
ģ۾ֻǮˣϴصŮƨһǣǵǮ˳ֳһӸŮˡ
Ů˴ϲ˿Ĳ˼ϴϣһ˵磬ҪϾͱˣ
ǮϣŮ˲ʹüϴˬһεģȻҪĿĻǶ˰һǮ
ٲ߾Ҫɧʰɾ
ϴҡҡͷһץסŮ˵ͷȥȵۼɾֶŮˣ·
ϴܺɫǽ˽֪顣
ûһ֪ϴʮ꿪ʼ˯ŮˣʮˣûκһŮ˯һҹ
Դڵ귢ڼϴϵǼ顣
ϴĸףǽϵϵˣԵõϵһй֮һϵѸǿȻΪʡؽŵͷϴ
Ӽϴĸ׵游֮ˣվֻʱڣһϵܿͱձؽˣΪ˵ʱʡĺͷӡ
£ΣԶͨȵģܼҲձΧ˹ţȡ鱨ʹйľսϽսܣʧء
Ű࣬ȻΪˣļҴŹڶɣܼҼĵգһϮ
ǴҲǹʢһζˣٸۣ춯ҡʱܼڵǸСǶһ롣
ڶܲ鵽ĳĳĳطһϢȻʷ֮ˡ
δУܼ֧ϵ𣬵ΨһΪʱڣ˳ȥҲܼһλҪ
ˣǼϴĸܴӣǸɫжʱȻҲؼҼˣʽδɣ͵͵ȥ˳ļԺŮȥˡ
ҹʱֵľ޴ըܴӴŮﾪˣըĵطԼڵλãû˵·ˡ
ټһ嶼˸ˣܴҲûȥձӣֱӾһڼ˸ý˻飬˼ϴ
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ߵľ׮ǰϴһ˵壬ұŴֵǱȥǵģǵ˾ǲ֪Ѿ˸ŵˡ϶СĲˣѵʲôԲǵǲȥңϲȻŴ磿
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ϴϵЦݱľ׮Եһϻǯ̧϶֣Сָݺݵļȥ

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ˣСӾɣҶЦҡҡͷһХǰɫ˶˵Х죬ɫ·
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СѧʱҶͺܺ¹꣬һŵĸװҶ츸뵽꣬˭֪ҹûԣҶܵˣһֱŻ
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Ҷ˿˵һʵ̫æûܶ㣬ȹҰ۵ķӸװ޺ãΪǵ·òã
˭˵Ҫ޸ˣ
ЩŭҶͷһǣȻѾˣûлȥ꣬Ǳڵ绰߶˺һ
Ҳ׹ŮˣûҪ
ҶЦסŵϺݺݵһڣһ˵Ŀ̲סŽȥ˺Ժ
ЦҶͦһ֣׷ȥԺʱһôЦ
˵ӵʱһΧڵӻǰ˴
ڹô꣬ޱǵһοֽĿʮĸʱޱ̲סˮ
һĻ˶Ĭ˳ȥռʮһķޡ

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Ҷ죬۽ë֪Ѿˣȥһڣæ۾
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Ҷ˫˱æذס½ֻվûҶĴ󣬻Ǳ˫Ϯ˽ȥ
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ҪҶ죬У
ŵȻ󣬵ܼҶЦų֣˵ϱʲôʱſϸҰ
˵޵֮˽ĹʿϾǺаҶ컹ģ˵ÿϴεʱҶ춼Ǻ޵
㡭㻹ûءŽЦ
ҶһԴûڲѵ˵͡ΪҪô
ڵȻˣľͷһ㶼֪
ûصҶһۣҲ֪ôϲˣŮӻĲ˵Լ
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ҶĥţͷϣǲҪֽ̼ˣ˵治֪ʲô
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ʱ򣬷ź˾ǣҶ˲ѡ
Ҫ֪Ҷʮ֮İ꣬϶ڷ䷹ԣҹϵ֮֮Ҳضá
ļ죬ҶͬһھǸˣֱʮ彫Ǹ˻ȥǹˡ
ʮ֮һ죬Ҷĸ·
ȻκѾӰһʱỹǲʧģĽգͥľΪ
˼κЯЩԱһλģȻ쵼ÿϡ
ޱ񾲣ԹϵЩҲûٸ飬һֱҶլԺֱȥŴŶϸס
طҲ࣡
ͨ㾯뵽ǸܿĺԺУҶҡҡͷ˵ˮȻ̫ˣסﲢʡ
ôˣÿЩݣддë֣Ӳ֪ء
ҶĻ󣬸մ߳κ첻üë֪ΪΣһ˲˥үӣƺͺҶЩˡ
㡭
Ҷմǰκ죬һ֮ǰƺֲ࣬ȴ˻ȥ
Ҷ죬⹫ʲôõģ˵˵
Ͷദʱ䣬ޱҲ֪ӵȷЩͬ˵ı£Ҷ콲ﲻãжʱ
ޱС˵̫˼סĵطܲ𣿡
κ¶мı飬бۿҶ죬ҲеģϾҶСӵֶηǱһʦġ
ٺ٣üҲ׵ġ
Լ˼Ҷ͸ˣκ첻ɡߡһתͷҲСˣ׻˵СȴκƢ
ãҾָһ°ɡ
κ춷˼죬Ҷ˵ˮǲ۷ˣһסһ᷿ôһԺӣѪʧġ
ÿˣصǿ׳ǿʢ˥ˣ˵䣬ǿʢ˥ġ
ֱ仯ǲתȻɣҶҲΪլˮȴһ˵ʧźܴĹ
ܶ˶֪ҵ˹󣬾ǹŴңҲʮƽףΪ˯ߵʱ᲻Ծɢȥ
ҵܴȥЩѪͺջʱһã˾ͻѷƼݡ
κסǸ᷿ʮƽˣ䶼û˾סȻÿ䶼ŰǽٻǻһЩκɢȥѪһЩɷġ
ɸѪʢˣȻûʲô⣬һʮ˶ԣȴǼ䲻Ľ
Ҷⷬͺκѵõû˵ʵһסҲоЩ¼ţֻһǿƣȴǲԸöŮס
֣ҪҰסһʱɣ
ޱЩ۵÷סϸף¹ǰŮжĽ٣Ƕǹȥˣڵκ죬ֻһĸ׶ѡ
סеģҪЩСӲźãرккס⡭ֻԽԽ⣡
ʲôЦϰҪ֪ԼģԻĺԺµ׷ɱԸģҶæԴĸ׵ͷ
ҶⷬҲеģлϥµ٣泩֮⣬ҲСӵ֮Գɢ֮ɷԭ
װŪҲŲЩأ
κȻǿӲȴĥļԼһʱˡ


545 
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ҶƲƲ죬ҪΪĸϵȥκأϲ֮飬κҲǸˡ
κڳһΪȻӣޱģһ֮˵֣С˵еҪѴСɣǺӸ꣬顣

κЩ⶯һ͵ЦҶ죬ʱһ˰˵Ժ˵ɣҶ죬Сǰʱûа
£ûһֱڼѽ
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κ챻Լ˵ĿЦãձ˻ڲأ˵ûʲôϵ
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Ҷ첻ΪȻ˵ưܵĲˣձδؾԸǳͷɣ
ҿ˵ձҶðһ壬һսսʵΥžõ֤
ֻձѾøҲô޿κΣα徫ʧǴˮʱ
κûصҶһۡ˵ҲСֵ㡭
ʵҶ˵ҲûڶԴԱ¼ϣձһҪϲ֣Ϊֻعһֹ۵Ҫ鷽⳥ԶԣǷҳЩ˲⣬ֹ۵ˣǺͱϵһЩҡ
ôСӸȥ˰
κȻһš˵СǰʱɵĻ¡ôձȥأ
үӣûƾûݵŻң˵СúܡҶһĪǰʱڽµ黹βûɾ
ϸȥϲ˰ɣүӵĻҶ϶Լ뷨
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κ͵̧˫۽ضҶ죬ǹλߵϢɣ·ֻص˵ɱλ֮ϡ
׻˵һŭѪǧһŭѪɺӡ
κȻǵȹŴȴҪ߶ˣһ۾Сһˣ˵ᱻŵ̱ġ
ȿȣүӣҲǰʮˣҪ
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κ֤ݻԸףȥץԼûҪӣ˾Ż˵ġ
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ҶķӦκҲǿЦãôһ¿ˮ̵ļһһ취ûС
ϲӣȻȱ֤ݣڵطоϢû׷飬ʡȴǽ鱨
һܷӳҪԶԶҶ󣬺ܿ־ͱӺϢ˳йزһ˲ҶݣʱΪ֮һ
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Ųûֱָ֤Ҷ֮κֱӵҪϲ飬참һҪ֤ݣָʾʱô˹
;ϻ죬ҪľǸ飬һҪ쵼ͼκָʾһйҶЩϾͱ
Ȼ׮κȴһֱһѵֻǹڼʵ̫æֱҶĸţүӲŷ顣
κ컹Ǹ߹ԼʮٳĻĹҶͲˣԸĶϹء
СС죬㡭ǰʱȥûû˰ɣ
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ޱҲǸײӵ˼ϸ׵߶ˣκǴӵۣĸӰ
йʲôؽ磿ݵЩӶҰ淢飬κҲѹȥֻˡ
ˣôˣ˵Щ׵Ļ
үѵһŮȴҲ¶ˣǼӦöкıҶûΪ
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ţүӣ⻰ʰκĻҶһ䣬û˵˺ιطˮ
ǰԼı⹫ټҲ߰ʮˣҶֱһžͻ߹ȥģⲻҪԼС
Ҫ֪ķˮʦһǾϹˣ
磬˫ֹϥֵ֮࣬ܿԪ谽ŵ׳߿̣Ԣ̤ǣܹ̫ƽҲܲ
Ψûܻȥݹˣй©ķɣԲܳܵģ˵ҶˣԪһ𶼲
ʷ϶Ϲ˵ˣĵˡ
ڰܳʱܳ˵˵ҵĹײܳĽ֮ϣĸطѣͰҵĹײĵͷǸطǸطҡ
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κԼʹˣԼҶ쵱ͰɫҪˣһٲɡ


546 
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κǺεһҶڳ⸱飬жʱ˼֣ԼղŵĻҶļɻ䡣
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Ŵķˮʦǹɽֻ֣мٵһ֣ԸЧڵ
ֻЩΪЧʦԵĹݣʵǺŪ˵ģԬݵóƱͼͼĪһ˸޷
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ХʱΪϵĽչĺܿ죬ǷȱһЩ飬ҶȻҪˡ


547 Ԫ
ڷɻϿ۵Ҷ΢΢۾ÿ۵ϸ½滻ˮķˮء
齭ˮԼƫķ򱻴ɽάǸۣȻˮϷˮò״ȡˮڴȥˮڽС
ȥˮ⻹һ޴ǡޣˮּΪΪʤ
޴齭ˮɽأ齭֮ˮۣˮѧ˵Ϊɽˮ۾վ޴ˮȷһ֡
Ҳ䵯֮ȴȫ򸻺ͥλҪԭ򣬶˺ԶЩˣ糬϶ǰéġ
ﶼҪѭһɣǾǡʢ˥׼ڴڵϵκܵսʿûгʤĽ
Ҷһڿй۲۵ȴǷֵ뵽Ԫ֮ҲתĽ뵽˥ڡ
Ҫ֪ʲôԪˣȽһʲôǡԪˡ
ԪҹͳĻСշˮѧһרʣ̫ϵڹ۲죬̫ϵоŴǳйɺйϣóԪ֮˵
Ԫ˾Ԫеһʱ䣬˹ԣԶӦĿռ䷽λǶڷˮѧ̾۶һ֮Ϊס
Ϊɽڷˮѧ˲šȨ˶԰۱ֵԵӦǣ˲ȱ쵼ܡʧ󡢹˲١
ҸҶĿжϣ۰İܱߵȵһвŰ
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ХĺҶӳ˼о˹ŷԼȻ֪˵붨֮СһľٶҶеΪо
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Ҷĺլû޽֮ǰļҲסģʦֵ˾ףȻһΡ
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ʹҶ켸˵λҲнģҶȻС֮ȴλļҺҿֻ״ˡ
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ȻΪԶҶ죬־֮أҿȻҲֱܷģڶʮǰԸӢ޽ĹĽ顣
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ˣһЩ򵥵ʩĿУЩҲ˽һλڲ·ڵʮϽǸƷġ
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Щʬ嶼ûùľţֱģڳʱѾǰ׹ɭɭ·ʴˡ
Щֳ棿ʱŵӵ¹ߣһܻص˼С
ֻڵ߰˸׳ӳ£ֳͨյ״ĺ͵ҽԺһ飬ȴġ
ôһʱֵĻ̻ˣǴط˿ӵĴźܿʹ˸۵
һЩڸˣҲվĵ˵ǵСձǹ˵ĵطһҹǹɱٸûС֤ˡ
ձͶ֮󣬾ָ㣬޽ôһôѹЩԩ˵ģ½϶Щԩܳˡ
˵һøЩǻֲ̿գȻҲٸȥˣܿĴҿ͹ļҵĶС
ʦ֣һЩˣͶʦҲӦܶȻ˰ɣ
ҿʱҶ콫Ŀ⿴˹ļңʦȻϱԼв磬һΪȴ˿ѷԼġ
ļҡҡͷ˵ʱҾͺͼҿȥˣЩȷɷǵܻ⣬ǴطȴЩŹ֣Ҳ͸


548 Ź
Ŷ˷ˮ֣ʦ͸
ҶüͷһʦҿҲˣɹļǺε
Ȼһó߷ˮǵ깶ļձˣ治ˮˣʶȻһһġ
Ϊķˮ֣ЩȻγɵġ
ļҶһ£˵СʦܣҲ֪һɷ֮СëʦܶȻǶɷ֮أҲûʲôð취ģǿ̳ҪʮģǵĹ̿ǵ𡣡
˵ļҺҿǴطȫ޲ߣǵİ취ӵʱͳˣҶ쾡ġ
֮أ
Ҷһ£̶ҡͷǴˮԶ۹ȻǾڣβɼ֮صġ
֮صγǳĿ̣ͬһطҪǳΪ֮أͻôݲʮֵԡ
ù֮ķˮʦʮܿǳɷҶվɽϹԸǲῴ۵ġ
ҶһԻ󲻽ӣҿվ˵ôҲûãߣȥɣ
ãʦҲˣһˡʦֵ˾һ𣬻޷ƽһɷ֮أ
ҶһһƴСľ̳С
̣ļҺҿҲЩ׻˵˼ˣϵЦòƺֳԺ
һ֮󣬼˳˷䣬ҿһҶ͹ļңХǵһܳ˺棬µĵصȥ
ʻСҿҶ죬ʵСʦܣȿЩɷˣȿǵط
Ȼҿ͹ļҰЩаɷɷ֮ӰܴЩ˵ҲҪԴһʱָܻ
Ҷһ£˵ܹҪǱ߹ġȿط˵ɡ
ҿסĵطҶİɽլҲǺԶʮӺ󣬳Ӿʻ뵽˰ɽĽ£һͨҶҪ÷ˮ·
ͣɣ
һĽʱҶͣ˳ӣҿһѷ򣬽·ߡ
⡭˭ɵİ
صľͷש߻вԶǸ׶ĴӣҶ̲סüͷͲɵĻ
Ҫ֪ܶཨʩʵǺܶصģǰľʯʵٻᶮһЩǨҪע
ľīݴ³෢ģīīߣаɷܺõĶ
ܶഫ˵ʲôײʬ֮ģֻҪڹײһȦȦĵīߣΪīֱֱȥģųֱĶ
ЩڵػˣڵһЩŴשߵʱ򣬶ϴаϷӣὫڷźã󹤳ƽ
ǳҶǰ⹫˾ȴ߰ĲӣݺĴڷţһľͷùζ
Ȼ磬վһƬ֮УȻо䣬·ϵ̫ƺԼһʱһ㡣
ЩǸɵģСҵʱû⣬˭֪ǻ³ç
ҶʣҿҲһĿЦȻͷƵڹϣǨػЩ̣ҵĽ˾ȥġ
ֻǸЩҲп̻Ȧطʩ
׻˵ǿѹͷߣҪǨҲǺܴ󣬽˾ҲתǣкĻ¡
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ҶĿע⵽Ǹ߰ףԼ׵Ĵ֮󣬿зһ첽˹ȥ
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ЩʬǣѱزŸˣĿǰʬŽһļ⣬ܲЩ˵ԭ
ҿߵҶߣ˵Ҷ죬ǲˣһ
ʦ֣ôҶת˹ļҡ
ļüͷ˵йŹ֣˵ʬǱɷӦû֮أҸопһɷѨۡ
ܱ߷֮ɷɢģļҲܱ˾ֻЧǺ롣
ڹļоʱЩɷᱻɢֻǵȹļһͣɷֻᣬǿһѨһ㡣
˵ļȫûа취ܺķѵʱ俪̳иʮ죬һѨҲܽѹȥ
Ҷ죬Щ˵ˣʵڳЩˣģ󱻷ˮȻƹġ
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͹ļҵĹ۵ͬΪѨ֮ȷ˵ĺõطЩʬҲܶǵĺ˴ġ
ѨѨὫɷںϣγ֮һתǹԹɷϢԲΪؼգ͵ɷġ
Ҷҡҡͷʦֵ˵ΧѾΪСˮһȦ˵ʦ֣߰ɣȥЩ￴
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ļƲҶһۣȴмֲţͨͼ֮ͷˮϢϢأ׼һѨڵġ
˵ȹȥɡҶ쵹ӹⲻ˵Ҳмֲȷ
ҿųʻȥ󺣻Զʱ򣬾ŵһɺˮζǰҲһִĺֳ
ֻĺˮȴǿһˣԡһЩʩԵЩƾˣڴ֯۵ԣǼ亱ġ
Ӻֳ뵽ұߵһǰ˴ңһٻ˼ҵ塣
۵ʱ廹ǺܶģӰѾľǿΪִֻΪеĵط
үүˣǸ׺үүҲˣ
ҿ͹ļҸһ³ڴֵСӶʱΧ˹мԴģǷɱشﱨȥˡ
ʦˣ졭룡
ûҶ߽ӣѾǴӴӭ˳̬ʮֵĹ
Ҫ֪ʱǴǼ׳а֮͵ҽԺҽ޲ߣҿߵ˳֣Ҫ׶༪ˡ
ҿЦЦ˵峤ÿǼ⼸ûʲôɣ
ûУָĺܺã´ˣҪллʦ
Ϊ׵˴һýһһʮİӣ˵϶ϴúʶóд͡
ҿæֹ峤ҿߣбء
ǿɲа
峤Ҳ˲ÿˣһץסҿ˵ʦǸط鲻ʮ˴˶ҳˣϣæǶɾɣ


549 ʬ
סҪȥ·Ǳؾ֮أ³飬ǶпֻţԸһȦҲԸﾭˡ
ڱͲǺܸԣС˵ǵѩϼ˪ԭһٻ˼ҵĴӣֻʣȼʮˡ
Ϊ¸ص곤ߣ峤ǿＱͷ⼸ûزܣ˭ҲòһЧĽ
峤ֻǰλǴġʦܽٵľǴ׵ء
峤·ҽ޽ģȻҲḺ𵽵ס
ҿ˵ʱƲҶһۣ΢΢ףŽ˵Ƿģò˶ͻָģҲӰҵ
ҿԸǲҴְƱģҶͷˣȻнİ취Сʦܣҿʹûܿ͸
ȿǼ˰ɣҶȻмֲ²⣬ȷ뾡쿴ɷˡ
˵вʲô찡
峤Ҫҿٴ򼸾ƱʱȴǱҶˣʮֵҶֻʦĸѡ
ĳ˵һйͳĻΪƵĳУ񶼻ʹŷִĶϰߡ
ֱ¡ۼͥжĽҲǺϸģһͥ˵ʱǲ廰ġ
У˵أ
Ҷ첻Ǻöۻһ֪֮ѵԼɿЦҡҡͷվһ߱͡
峤ȻǸУҵʦܰ
ҿЩؿһ峤˵߰ɡʦ˵ġȥǼɷˡ
ʦʦܣ
峤ЩŵؿҶ죬ͷٿҿ˵Ҳ̫˵ɣ
֪ԱλϵҲҶʦ֣֪峤¶һʲôı飿
ҿȻ˿ڣ峤ȻҶ˵ʲôˡͷǰ棬˽˴ӡ
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뵽һ˼ҵԺ峤ߺͷҿ˵ңҾԺɡ
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ɣҶʦʵ
ļҵ˵ͷ˵ţҿֵģȻɷ˳ȥ廹Щˡ
࣬һõģһɷڣͻƻƽ⣬ʹμʱҲⲻ˴һġ
Ҷֽѵνʹ˺üµجΣλ˼־ƹҲˣֻҶָһЩǸǻڲء
Ҷ쿴ˣͻȻʵλ磬ɻʱǲŵһӳζ
ǰǹζţѬˡ˵˵ͷһµı顣
ɣúϢɣûˡҶ˵ͷȴһҿֱԺȥ
˵ʦҪʲôȥ
ҿһ˽ԺûҪߣ峤æ׷˳һֵ̿ӣԼ֪ʲôʱˡʦ
ҶԼƣҿ˵峤λСֵָܻĲҲͷˣһȥ׼Ǵطɷ죬죬һ鴦ġ
⡭ģ峤һ£Щŵʵ
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ֻͨɫں֫ϣЩɵ˺ۣͷ֫¶棬ȴǲͨڹջȥ̬Щ֡
ʣⶫԣ
ֻ̺꣬Ҷ۾ɴˣǰ˵㶫غرĻԣԼǼʶˡ
Ȼ̺ʺۣζǳúˡ峤֪ҶҿʦܺԼʮֵĿ
ʦʦ֣˵ߵ˶ӺΪٵô˳ⰡҶ첻ؿļҡ
ȿȣô˵⺣ƹ͡ѪΡθ굨͹굩ҩ˶кôҲ˲ôġ
ҿҶʵؿЦÿ궼ȥһЩ幺򺣹ϡĺƷʱɱ
ҿĻҶҲûֱ˹ȥ˵ã⺣ҪˣХ죬ָ̧ȥ
ᣬΪˣ󺣹ڰϣÿԷҶլȥٵо
ֻĸͷǲСǿŽĺҶҲûֱӸϻصҿı
ֻҿıûӾأֻһСͼɽ֮УҶֻܽˮ濰͹걳
ίסһʱɡ
ҶĺĴͷһԪ˽ȥֻʱ̧ͷҶף档
ˣլӵȱôСʦܣ˵˵Ǵ﾿ʲôŹֵĵط
صº󣬹ļ˵˼лȲתǴɷĵط
ʦ֣֮ɷɢȻγˣǡ
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ļһ£̶ҡͷ˵ܰɣЩ˶Ѿʮˣôܻʬ
νʬ忪ʼʱɢ壬һֶζһһ־壬ǻԻһ˺ġ
һֻܷʮֺõĵطʬŻᱣǰĽڣͳŴʬ
Щ˵ĵطһڹײĶûУʹʬҲʮлӷģûпڵġ


550 ĹĹ
ʬֻ˸ʱŻ֣ȵ帯֮ϸγɵʬͻʧҪ֪ϸû壬ͬҲʧȥ˴Ŀռ䡣
ļۼЩʬģһ۾ֱܷسЩʱҲʮˣͲڻʬĿԡ
Сʦܣʦ˵ûʱֳǶȥˣЩʬڻûл𻯣ҪǲŵĻҿԴȥͣʬ俴һ
ҿҲҶжЩΪȻ˼ʮҪǻʬڣ˵йˡ
ʦ֣˵ĲЩʬ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ЩʬֻǴҴææıȥģȻʬĴڣ棬϶һĹᣡ
ʲô⡭ⲻܰɣ
ҶĻ󣬹ļҺҿʱԲ۾ҶƲ⣬ʵЩϳ
Ҫ֪һĹֻڵһ״ңȴŴĵ֮⣬ЩǵĹҲᳬġ
ǴڳʬǵӣѾﵽһڹŴʱֻһƫԶ֮أͲ޽ġ
Ҷûнͣǿҿʵʦ֣ʱЩʬǱֳ֮ܿɣ
Ҷ˵ǿŽһרʣ˼Ǳһ㱻ӹڴ˽й̣棬ͻĹĴڡ
ĹԽʮǾͨЩжǷй˵Ĺᡣ
ˮһȻҪլǣϹϵģΪˮʦҿ϶÷ֱ֪ʶҶдһʡ
С꣬Ҹϵʱ򣬶æŽЩʬǸ˳ˣȴûעʡ
Ҷôһ˵ҿһ£ȷʵʧΪôû滹Ĺⷽȥ롣
Ҷ죬滹Ĺ޽ʱ϶ҪЩʬʱ磬Ҳγʬɣ
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ļһʶ㣬νʲôʬéɽʬ·ȫҲ֤ʵֻһЩϲװŪˡ
թʬȻǲᣬһĹڵģǼ٣ȥ֪ˡ
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ʺ˽լڣȻᱻõģҶ쵱ʱ͸оĹڡ
ȵüбȾɷ֮Ҷִϲһ˿ˮͬϢǿ϶Լжϡ
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ʦҶ׼ˣܾܲͲȥˣ
ҿհѳͣ·ߣһʮ˾ӭϵıʮֵΪѣΪԼҲҿа֮ء
ôߣǻʲô
ҿһ⻰ʱ۾ҪѿˮɣҪһˮܹȥܲȥЩɣ
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⴦ɷ֮صȷЩ죬ͷųɷаޱȣҶˣҪЩѪͨˣ˵һС˵ġ
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Ҷֽһˮøһ£ϲ˵Թԣⶫǲᰡ
⡭һﻹǲ˰
Ҳ˵ҶųˮӴȥЩȴɵۣΪ̨ˮǹ˾һ̧ߴ240ҡ
ղŽˮ̧³ʱ˰˸ǿ׳ĹˣҶ赭дһֻ־͸ˣ˼𺳡
Х죬ѹӳ
ߵˮߵʱҶ콫ˮû²Ľˮܲˮк󣬳Х캰һɤӡ
ˡХӦһһĴֹ˹ȥˮýһ
ĺʱԭƽĹ˲䱻ԲˣˮˮͨԴԴϵر鵽·һߡ
У̫ˮ
վˮ߿һˮλ½ҶҡҡͷٶȣȰˮˮɾҲҪˡ
ҿҶĻȻûʲôģ½йǸˣԸ̨ˮù
̨ʵˮͬʱҵˮĻˮۿɼٶȥûʱ򣬾Ѿ¶˿ӵ׵ࡣ
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Ȼʱյ磬վԱߣΪХȻԸеһɭ̹ǵĸо·ĿӶ޵ظһ㡣
³ˮλãˮһβʣ֮Ҷ˿ȡ
ҶҪȥХԸµ˵ʦɣұᣡ
һߣҲű갡
Ҷ챻ͽ˵ǿЦãһХƨϣ˵ùͶͷԶһ
µĹδ¶ɷ֮ŨҶͽܽܲ𣬷˵Լġ
ҶУ˲û뵽ϥǴҿɺСʦܣСһ㣬оûеڣ
ʦ֣ûµģûˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˸ڲЩڿӵ׵ࡣ


551 ѹ
ɹũ˶֪մˮ࣬ڸĵڿѶҪĶ࣬ˮһ𣬳˸ͱڵĶ
Ҷ콫עϵ֮Уһȥһ౻˦ϵ棬ʱΧͱһɫཬ
һµۣ¶Ҳڶʮңֵ磬Щཬɢһɼŵζ
ļҺҿҲֵסζԶԶ˳ȥԭڹ·ϵĹˣǽӿϷ紦
ʮǰҲһڣΪɷŨأ
ŵصӿɷҶҲЩľвš˾һԼƶɷȻ
ͬʱҶԪĵѪȷڣҲƵЩɷҿԼɷЩŹ֣ҶҲմȾϡ
оϸɻҪԪҶǽʹ˳߰˷ӹϾͲϸܵĺ顣

ҶҲеЩʱ͵һȴ²һӲһ죬Ҷһϲʹ˸ɾӲ˳
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Ǽ֮ó˸գͬʱǻɷķˮͭĹɷϷˮѧɷ˻˶ԭ
ҶЩǡôһˮͭΪε»ɷĪнʬɴڲɣ
뵽ҶͷƤҲЩ顣ڹżмǶԺɵ˵Ŀϣɱơ磬֮ǧǽʬ֮ˡ
ҶȻǿִ˵еĹڣҲҪúһˣһʱȴǲ֪ӦӦüھˡ
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Ҷով壬ԶʹһֽСһȺɢ
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ùļҺҿϸеЩգһʮˣȴҶʮɵëͷСӿ͸
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ûжģȴľһļǳೣ̣ھʮԶľȻЩݻƣ֦Ҷ޾ɵĴ
һĻùļҺҿľ⴦֮ؾȻ֮תĿԣ䷢չȥΧʮﶼܵӰġ
۲˰֮ҿɫص˵УҪɷѹȥ˵ڱ޽ˣɽˮᱻһģ
Ҫ֪۶ÿ߷ˮ˿ɲҿһɷȥĻƱػӰ쵽ɽķˮ
ЩųǶԣɽլķˮıˣǻԥ뿪ģѡ뿪۵Ҳ˵׼
ҿ۹͵ģʶעѪ빫˽ҿھ˥˵ѩϼ˪
ѹƲС
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ͭݣĹشӦҲϰˣϰ궼ûгʲô£Ψڷ⣬϶Ĺķˮ⵽ƻʹķ˱仯Ҫҿα겻αǽĹ򿪣λǰõʲô󷨣ǲ취ȥģҪĹᣬһ֮ǲ
ӹŴвɾԼרԶԣһڷˮѾĹ᷽棬Ǻóġ
ҲҶʾ֭дУ޷ĳεҪԭˣҪ֪ռ˵ģϣЧȻôá
Сʦܣ˵ҪҺʹʦôɣҿżɽ˵ʩʱ⣬ҿȻġ
Ҷһ£˵ҪλʦָվһǣĹʱ÷ɷѹȥ´ɷܱ߻Ӱġ
ڡˮ䰡һΣǺ̫ξħʹʮʮɷĹ¡
ʵжԴҲмأνħȴһɷ֮رпǧɷųʹܱͿ̿ߺ
ȻˣͨϰղЩλʩʩңͽЩɷݱħֶѡ
ҶĻ󣬹ļЩ˼ؿ˵Сʦܣæѹɷû⣬ʦϿûз
ļ飬ǾһվӵɽУȻЩҲһû
ʦȥá
Ҷһȡ˳ݸ˹ļҺ˵ʦ֣⻹һöʦĴͨɡ
ҶۣûЯǰµһʱ䣬׵ȴǴ档
˼һʲǾͿɡ
ԴʦֵƽʱǺȾ죬̸֮˺ֵΣȴǵһΣϾЩ˷ܡ
뵽кҶеǹɺǼӾ˼֣æ̧ͷкʦ֣վסǬλʦ֣վλ


552 ȣϣ
ǡ
ļҺҿӦһֱվ˶ӦǬλͶӦλĶ̺ͭǮϡ
լɷĹЧǹļǸѾọ̃һóƯڿеɷʱ˰Ĵ߷ֹ
ҿֳֵͭǮȻЧԲԪӳ֮£Ҳʾ䲻֮ɷܲĵطöͭǮȻɢĽɫ紫˵е䱦ͭǮһ㡣
λʦվλãҶһһɫڵĶг
ͨͬ޺۸һóǱ鲼ڿеɷ·һ㣬뵽޺۵֮С
СС޺۴˿̾һ޵׶һЩɷڵĵ£ֳһ˿ɱ
Ҷ죬㡭ǡҲǼ
Ҷ޺ҿǰóļҾͲ֪ˣۼҶóһѷֱ۾
ٺ٣żȻģʦ֣û¶ȥ˼԰ɡ
ҶпЦ۾ȴڴŷλһ˦һâ޺۲뵽λڶϷλϣӦŹļҺҿˣγһ͡
ѹеɷͬ޺ӿɷ
;ͬǣγ֮ɷҲ޷кȥⷽԲʮ׵Ŀڡ
ֻһҶȴѹЩ֮ճʵһ㡣ƵҶʹȫſ䵲⡣
Ҷ첻ҵ¼æԼжʮǳʱӲǽĹļҶ˶ˡ
ǿʯ壬ƺǺܾԶ
ûȹļҿѯʣҶѾӲ࣬һʯ˵ǰ
⵹ĹΪҲʲô˼ңˣ
ʯ󣬹ļҿ߶һᡣȻʲôæ˵СʦܣʯǰߵĵطȥûĹ
йŴĹᣬһšĹءԭҲ˵ֻڵ񣬵ر־˵ķءĹ
ڵĹᣬʵҲĹģֻǺ͹ײһڵ£Կ֣¼ġ
Ĺ᷽ʽױĹ֣ԼٱķգԼʹڽҵһˮأáĹءķʽġ
ҿҶʯǰһ״ȴûзĹ
Ȳˣҽʯʦ֡ע㣬Сɷ
ʯȵɷҶҲǲҴ⡣
˿Ҷ콫ȫھ֮УƺһȦѪ֮ʢȷ߳һࡣ
ߵʯıԵҶ˫ֿ˽ȥдһҡ
źҶ͵һͦ˫̧ȥǿشٽʯ壬ȻӲĸ̧
ʯ¶϶ͬʱҶ°Ȼеһƺȫվڱѩһ㣬ǹ̹ǰĺ䡣
ģǺ
˵ʵҶҲЩ飬˫͵һʯƷ˹ȥҲ֮ȥܿǹӿϵɷ
ʹˣҶҲоһͷĿѣǺɷڲϳ񾭣һĻ˲ͻɳɰ׳յġ
ǬԣźһҶ
ҶÿͬʱļҺҿҲʹ汾£һԪ䵽Ϸ֮С
һʱ䣬һ㣬ңӦ֮£γһεĴӿɷ档
ڴڶϷ޺ۣ޵׺ڶһ㣬ڷЩɷƺĻ
ߵҶ죬˰ڳߵ취󣬿죬λڱǴƸÿƳ󷨣
ҶЩɷʱĹļҺҿȴǿУʯ屻ƿһʯ¶˳
ʯ׳Լң߶Ҳһ£ʲôʴƵģʯϵļȴ˹ļҵע
յͭƵС͵ƣյֱ˹ײĵĸϣյǰ˹ײϣյڳһǱͼЩ͵ȴϨˡ
ļһоȻʹߵ칦ȴҶһ۾ͱ˳
ļҵĻҶǿЩɷϮǰһʯ׺յСƺ̲ס˵ʦ֣ڱڸӺ˵ģ
ߵ͵컻յĶԵˣǻҪһڵģҲǶδ֮˲йЧ
֮ײģ˵ߵǽǸժҲ޲̡
ҶеĴҲǾյ͵ƲǷ󣬽ڹײܣѡһᣬɱ˹󲻿ԣ¡
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ڳļ߱ȽдԵĸʬʵΧַֻĵĹЩ;µͭƶ͵߰ˡ
ڸ۵̣һڱ˾֮ҲǷ˾ɷ󷨣Χʮƽɷɵ˹ľ֮С
ҲһĹ۵ɷԺħɽɷһƴҪԭ
ʩЩʬǵʱ򣬲СĶķˮͭʹɷйĻպпܾͻᷢչΪ֮صġ
ʱҶ죬һ㣬ÿһء
ļȻ˵󷨣ƽǷķȴ˵ˣҶҪߵײǰеյͭƸ
ֻԽײģǹ֮ԽŨСһиҶļҶ칦ҲоЩܲסˡ
ǿĲʣҶߵײԱߣֽյֻ͵СͭƸϡ
ģײ˱ɷʴô꣬᲻ıɽʬ
Ҷȡ±λõ֮ͭʱ˹ײƺһ춯ŵҶæȥҺȴûͽʬܰ
˵ͬʱҶȵʦ֣˾
ƣЩɷʱ޸֮ٲµɷҶ˵ΪֻҪ˾ܿͿԽȻ
˲صۣҶ˵޺۵ϥ˫ϥϽӡӡġ
ҶľٶļҺҿʱ˹һ÷ѹƿɷһ߿ڲı˾
Щ۾ܿĺɫ˿ߣ˵оУĵ޺۵գеɷϱš
ʮɷȴһʱȫȻģСʱ󣬹ļҺҿʦǶͷðۿЩ֧ˡ


553 ȣУ
Ҷڵĵط޺ɷֻҪĶѪɷϮӡɷҲã˵Ƚһ㡣
λʦֵƣ̬֮ҶæХ죬Ǵʦе̽ӹȥ
ɷѹⷽԲʮ׵ĿУѾˣХҲвҶǽ湶ļѹɷ
Сĵ㣬˾˵һ
ļҴʱѾǽƣҲûǫãڼ򵥵Ľ̻ʹ̷֮󣬾ɿ֣ϥڵش
ҿҪȴʦһЩѪԱȽʢλ֧һʱ䡣
һСʱ󣬹ļվҿĵͭǮ˹ȥֻϢӵ׵ɷڲϵرš
ҹĻٵʱҿԱ˵ƣܸȼһ𣬻Ϊ֮ɷҲſƵõġ
ɷҹ伫ΪԾȻ岻µ󷨣ȴڿӶóι״Ӱ˵
վһЩˣЩģ϶Ǵط˸ħ֣һŵԶԶ˳ȥ
Ҷ죬ô
ձֻϢĹļң˿еСʦܣǼ˶ܵõϢҶȴû˿ġ
û£ȵеɷ඼ܸȻˡ
ҶɫЩɷף˵ʱҲôˣҹ֮ҶܵѹȴҪȰһЩ
ȳԵ㶫ɣ
ļҽһߵţȥҶֽס̶̼ڣͽǰ߰˽ţԵľ⣬ĨĨ죬𡰶˾
һҹȻƽҪ࣬Զׯļֵ߳һĨʱҶоѹȻһᣬ̲סһѪ˳
ʦû°ɣҶѪҶͷХд󾪣㽫е̶ȥ
ûд󰭣Х죬ǿͣˣʣµЩ΢ɷһͻɢġſӱڣҶпЦѣΪ뵽ûǱˡ
ʮɷ֮أȻʦֵܼһҹ֮͸ˣҶҲǺԺŽɣҲֻһܰõ
Сʦܣɣ
ļҲо˿еı仯һɣҲ̱˵ϣ֫ٺҲûһ
ʦ֣ҡҵǻϵȥҶʱ״ȹļһҪ硣ﻹ׶ߵӣ
Х˸ݷȥҶôãҶ컹ڸʦǴҡ
ͬƣҿҶʵҶ죬ɷȸɾˣ
š޺ڣʣµЩɷҪˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵˯һ죬Щ˲Ҫʯڵ˻һЩϸ˵˹Ǻ
ҶдʾָӺ˵Ƿһеġ
Ҳ˵֮˼пеǰֻҶû̽ȥˣһֻܵȵ֮ۡ
ǺܺãҿҲûʣ˵İɣҸһû˸ҿġ
Ȼطǹ֮ѾʧˣҹĹʹЩ˸Ͳҿʯܵƻ
Ԫϡû˯ָĿأХ쿪Ҷʦֵܸ뵽˯ӵʱҶ鿴һ״ҡͷЦһԪָֻ˲ɡ
۶꣬˵ʲôʱһҶҲǲҵ飬Ҫ콫ʯƳ⴦طܼʩ
ûᣬļҺҿҲת˹β࣬ԪģԶһվָܻġ
ȻǺƣжѾûдˣҿǰҶĻ̲סʵСʦܣ˵Ⲽ֮˺һԨԴôһ°
Ҷ͵ʦ֣ʯϵ󷨽ǷתѨ֮ģԸӺ˼洦һеģ˲ò
ҶȻλʦֲ඼ǹõģЩ߷ˮլķȴûüڡ
Ҷ죬˵Ҫģǲ󷨵ˣֱʦҪġ
ҶĻ󣬹ļҳһȱʧĪǾΪλʦǰϷ
Ԫһ֮ǰйҲǶֶѵġ
̫ƽ£ϯлأɽֵҲǣ˽ЩŶ˴С
£ܶ˶ӵϷսңŵڵϷˣҪȱ˸ŷˮԴڴġ
Ҷһ֮˵˵Ҫʦ˳֣Ӧûбشµģͷȿ֮ڱڣǷҳʯ
˰˿ĹأΪ˱ͬ꾡ϣ˵ԼֵԭίֻҪ޵ģԷһ㶼Ĺе
һۿӵ׵ʯףҶҿ˵ʦ֣һùľʯ׿ǲˡ
Ĺе󷨲ʦǰΪҲ˵ֱʣҶȻʯ˱ʬ񲼣Ӹڵ
֮Ҷλʦͬʱ˿ӵףߵʯǰ
ʦ֣Ǻһݣ
Ҷһ˹ȹļҺҿ˺һ֮󣬽˹뵽ʯ׵Ĺװ֮С
ǡǡҶ΢һǹװͻҶһϲæӴ
ʯ屻һɶ֮ζҲ֮Ʈ˳һʱûüסҶ죬㽫ҹԵţⶼ˳
ҶعͷǹŹֵı飬ļҺҿ̲סЦ
˶пľľ飬ȴ֪ܰõĹײģζ϶Ǻܺŵģͱ˺
׻˵ʹʹǿظķҶ˫ֽʯ̧ʣ͵һƣشϰٽʯ壬ȻӲĸƷ˹ȥ
ҿǡǰëϽ
Ȼտڲԣǵײİ屻ƿʯڵ֮Ҷʦֵ˻Ǽ۾˳ǲŵı顣
ʯ׷յĲǺܣʱǻˮ
ˮ棬ȴƯһʬ壬ʬϵѱʴɾˣ󷨱ƻԭʬʱѾʼˣǻɢһɶ
ʬ֫ȴǳһϸܵİëһ೤ޱȡ
Ȼڹ컯֮£ҶȻоһ䣬ǶܸӦʬ̲ŵɷǻĻҪ
ЩɷƺѾʬ֫ϵļںһ𣬻Ҳ֫ûиõԭɣ
ʦ֣ȷûʬʬеɷҶ˵Щˡ


554 ȣ£
⡭Ҳû
ļҵҲǰ϶ˣΪǶ֪ŴһЩ˵δؾǿѨ磬ִûзֽʬûнʬĴڡ
Ҷħɽеǳ˵ǰ˰ëļһһֻʬء
Źֵʬ壬ҶжЩ˭֪ⶫ᲻ͻȻֱ㶵Ĵʯһצӡ
ŰëʬȵɷҶȻ뵽һ£˵νĽʬпǱƳĹûǵġ
ԶǶլӭս޷ʱ򣬸޷Ǹǹιͺǰ߰ëʬм
ڶ̺˺ɷЩɷҪǵͬˣʬһǸƺûʲô˼άֻǱ޷ʹѡ
Ҷ챾ǵ֮˴ӿӱϿһСʯӣָסʬ峤ŰëĴȾ͵˳ȥ
һʯӺʬӴ󣬾Ȼ˽Ҷ˲
Σļ˵Ҫٱתɷʴһʱ䣬˵ܳɲ֮
ʬܱܲɽʬ˲֪ʩӽƻĻЩɷ֮ʬ塣ͷʲô飬˭޷Ԥϵġ
ʦ֣ⲻһڵɷҲǳѰ
ҿɲʲôʬʬģֻʬڵ磬Ҫû˰ɣ
жԸɵķûճɻҽʲô浹һͰͣǽҲܸڻˡ
ҿĻ󣬹ļҡͷ˵סʦܣʬڵɷȻΪʵʣȼգ壬ըġ
ɷΪа֮Ȼˡ
ĻûɷʧΪǸð취ֻʬɷĺڿֲûղʲôð취
ǡô찡
ҿЩɵˣûǷļӳ֣ʬһըҩͰ˵ʲôʱͻᱬըġ
ļһ£Цñ취ɣڵɷѾںˣʱǲΣá˾˰ɣ
ֻˣһʱɲܱ꣬ߴɡ
Ҷ˵ͷҲûа취еİ취ˣ޽ġôҶҲҪ𵽵ס
ʬڵɷʱ磬˾һ˿ɷ֮ǿоȣôˡ
һǷ˸˵ĹߵͣҶӡоЧãһʱ䣬ͽʬİֱϵɷȫȻˡ
ξǹļˣɣгľʹƽͣɷҲǼѣЩԴڿĹˣ㶼Ըˡ
ҿĹһЩЧҲ࣬ХֻǴ͵ˣȻɷޡ
ʬɷʧʬϵİëҲˣ֯ܿ츯ǹɳζ֮Ż
ζʬڵɷڱȻɾˡ
ڹʱַʽͽȣҪ֪Ŵÿÿս󣬶еʿʵνĳȣҲڶȻɷɷ˼ա
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ѾõĲӵʬļüͷ˵ɷѾȻɾˣ˭֪Ҫٽֻᷢʲôأ
𻯰ɣ̳ⷨϻ𻯡
ҶתͷҿЦʦ֣ͷ̨߽ʬɡ
ΪЩʩԱӰҿ⼸⽨˸̳ÿնȻɷʱ򶼻ڷ̳ϡ
˵ҿľٶЧõúܣЩǺʩӼ̳֮󣬵Ҳ֮ʧܶܵӱȥۿǾ߰ëʬˡ
ڵӲɷ֮ģҿһŶܾˣм͵͵ҲХ˳
ҿ䷳ɴûϰɳһЩųԱסŵסЩԼǵš
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ҿ˵ͷ˿һЩȻӴ˺ܶ࣬ûһµӵ׵ġ
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˫ֽʯҶ췢࣬޷ֱֻ֣֮Ȱʯȥ
ȻȥٿɣȽꡣ
ص󣬹ļҲʯֻҿȻǻ·׼ʼװŪ
ҽⳡ̳Χӵ˶ۿЩʩӣԺʩ̻Ҫָء
ֻۣ̣ľҿģĵ̳
׻˵пŵп֣Щ޻ȼҿʹǵӦ֣Щھǹƽкá
ֻҶһ߷ֹʦǰǲǸʢһʱĽʬƬָҪȻЩģʽô͵ӰݵĶһģһ
𣡡
һݹҿһ£Х콫һѽ͵ľʯһȥʯȼܴ
ȵȼҶХԶ֣ЩǻҲк뵽׼õĹľΪ˺ܿܺһǰԨԴҪúõİá
ɺҿܵȺ˹֣˵λףߺ˵ĽʬѾĳ˸ˣԺԷĵĴﾭˣҲκεΣգ
ллʦٻ˼ңллʦˣ
ҿ䣬λ峤ͷһЩҲͬͣһʱ佫ʦΪһ㡣
Ⱥۼ˺ܾòɢȥ˷̳ʦһͷ󺹣λ˴ʦֵţЩά졣
ʦܣҶӿʯ˳ϴһ£дЩʲô
˵Ҷ棬ļҲΪĹͨѳƷûУȴ֪λʦǰΪʲôҪ˲󷨣
Ҫ֪˰˿߷ˮǼ۸һĸߣҪָӺ˵ķˮ֣ûƽ붼롣
־͹˽ᣬ͵ƽˣĹоԲ˺ģѾҶ˺üˡ
ҲȲȥٿˣ˳һˮܽϵһϸֶܵʱǰ
СдģͨƪԼǧ֮࣬Կ̵ĹʮָСȴɱ档
տʼģҶͲ⿴ҿʵʦ֣ʩɽʲôˣۺ𣿡


555 ׸ϣ
ʩɽ⡭ʲô˰
ҿ¶㯵ɫ߶ʩɽ֣ıȻҶ죬δ֡
ҿȻǼʮǰۣĶ۵ĳţҿ˿̽ʾ֭Ҳû뵽Ļʩģ
Ҫ֪⴦ѨʱտǲˣһʮϣҲ˵Ĺ˵ĺˣض󸻴ǻֹ󲻿֮ˡ
ֻҿع۵Ľλ࣬Ҳûһʩ֮ˣЩͷˣҶ˵СʦܣۻûʩĸĪûЧ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ܵģǷһĲ֮أλǰȻܲóػȵ֮뿪ġ
ҿҶ˵ʱ򣬹ļȴϸűϵģɫڲʱرţ˵ۺ󣬿˵ͱˣⱮϵְɡ
ʦ֣ôˣҶҿͬʱ˹ļҡ
ļҡҡͷЩ˵ˮլˣȷǰǿ֪ˡ
Ŷ
Ҷҿд棬ûȥϸжϵһΰٶǰĹ£˵ǰ
ԭʯеˣʲô̼־޸һڵʱײʯ
ʩɽʯʮʱҲ1842꣬ӢͳΣ˵ĵλ˵׵㡣
ʩɽһʯı£ȻѣǻάȥżȻܽӵ
˵ʩɽһӦþͨͨĹȥˣһżȻ飬ıˣӦ˵ı˵ˡ
1855ʱʩɽһʵʯʨĻƣɱһڼʳݡ
ʱۿûʲôʶ񿿺ԺʯȻǿɽɽˣк˼֣ʩɽ׼ɽѡʵʯϡ
һɽµʱȴڲݴ﷢һѪ߰һϢˣ߰˴ˡ
ʩɽȻֻǸĲʯĵȴǷǳҵģ¶֮ģʯͷûɣͽ˱ص˼С
ʩɽĸֻӺһʮŮԸϴӽΨһµĸɱˡ
ʩɽ΢չˣָķǳ죬֮µأ֮Ժʯӣһ㡣
ʩɽʱҲ֪ˣԼ˸ˣʩͼ֮ˣԼûиĸ˲˵뿪ʩɽ񳤱һ㹩
һһ죬˺Ȼʩɽ뷿У֪ķ޴޽վͻȥҲΪ
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ʩɽǺÿܺʲôܹѪʮּᶨĿΪš
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ʩɽΪ˺ƣϽַҲ֪ԸͰ˺ŮᵽѾھõĹʯ֮С
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ΪԪ˵µзֵģڵʱҪڰϵģʱ˵۪Ԫʧٵʱպ
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ҶԽԽ˷ܣܴ֮¹ã˶ϵԹ֮⣬Ҳ˵֪ˣȴ޷ʦ֡
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556 ׸£
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˹ԱغǸװʩɽǻҵĹ餺ҿ˻ص˼С
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ʱ򣬺ضֻеĴ࣬ͷԾܿԼҵˣ1906Ϊλ̫ƽɽɽסйʿ
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ټϺض֮ؼұ÷ֱʲи䣬Ժؼ𲽵ؾûȥ
ȻؼҵȻӴĲƸ֮ȴûһֺضʿĻԻ͡
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Ҷмһʱ䣬˵Ҫ˵ؼҵ𣬿»۪ԪʦĹͣغȻȷˮƺҲֻƾӰˣ


557 
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鶼Ѿļվγʩɽʬǣʦֵ˺ľ˹Ѿ˼˱ԴûµĹǺѻָˡ
߹̽ȻҪǼලļͶ㵽Ҷ쾩ĺԺȥˡ
Ҷ죬˵˵ô°
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һһƬشȫת֮һǰ󺣴ɢԴԴϵҶסǴɽŨԪ
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ʱʦֵ˾ͽ󷨣ʱվڹ۾̨ңɽµķˮ
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ǿǬ󷨣ͰҶ۵ѪûԪɡ
ȻҲҶʱΪߵԭ򣬵ҲɼѶˡ


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ſų״ǳγ˱󷨣ָŵԪУǾǵλ񣬹֮ǺϢϢء
ͷһ֮Ҷ쿪˵λʦ֣ͷϷǾ󷨣ʹңӦɽγɵڿ񱩣λʦ֧ŲסҲҪǿн
Ҷ˵ʱɫʮֵأ󷨲֮Ȼ󣬵ʧܣ䷴֮Ҳնֵġ
Ҫ֪ɽ·ˮɽϵľǾ󷨣ȫͬķ
תϿ񱩵ԪȴûͷŵﵽʱЩͻᷢ롣
Ǿ鷨ãҪɽµȫɹⶰڷ£ʹ˳ƽ⡣
ศɵģмݲóһ˿Ȼպܴ
ִƱеľǾ󷨣ͬն֮ڿ񱩣ܷ˳ԹļҺҿҲһܴĿ顣
ҶĵǺ󣬹ļЦ˵СʦܣҺʦֿܷ㣬Ϊزģһչ󡭡ҿҪȻХȥɣȻ㣬ؼʱóģ
ļһйĴ¼ˣΪǾֹˮʹδŵĴҲ޷Ĳ
Х죿С
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʦѾ뵽ľ磬Ҳ޷ХΪ޷Ԫġ
һΪãһǶԷĻ裬аòԿԼַһԳ֮Ϊ׼
ڶ׼õĸʲģ󷨵ķλóһҪԴˣΪ֮壬пʹʧܡ
ҪȻҪˣǾһغŷܷ֮ǰɹУν֮ء
һףǺ󷨱߱ܳȵġ
Ҷ쵱겼ǬʱֻǰΪǧƽףҶ츶ѪĴۣǽˡ
ԵĿ󷨺;Ǿ󷨵Ľ壬Ӱ췶Χʮ֮㣬ʹҶΪһҲҶһɹ
ХĹ͵סʱҵԪʱҶ컹Ҫȥⷴòʧġ
ԽҶûڱǺͬԼĸסҿļУǼ˵ʱҡ
Ҷ̧ͷһǳͷ͵һ𣬿˵ʦ֣̫Ҫȥˣ
Ҷ˵̫ǣʵǰ󣬶ƽʱῴһرġǡѧǡ
ڵ̵УȴռżҪĵλģڵУ̫׽ǿνǺĳԱ֮һ۵λ壨̫ϾԪʼ֮ͨ¡
峿һճﳯҲһ˲䣬ʱҲǷ֮ʱ
ߵ̫׽ҶҲҵˣλʦֹ˹֣ȻԹ۾̨һԾ¡
ʮ׺Ҷż㣬˷УѩⱡƵɽƮƮɡ
ͷˮڵĵطǳһֱߵģмɽ֮⣬ޱڵ
Ҷοٵɽдţ̶ʮӺ󷨵롣
Ϊ˲Ӱ쵽󷨵ҿͺ͸۵һͨԲһ֮ڣҶ֮⣬ûһܽ뵽˵ء
˿ҶǰǸߴʮװ˵ķˮ
ʱ²깤ķˮһһ㴣ڰɽ֮£ԲⷽԲ죬ǵأر
ʥ֮⣬ӵײԿͼΧ󷨣Ϸǰȸ䡢Ұ׻ܡ
Եķλնĵطÿĵһɶᱻ֮УӶʹ䵽Ǿеľ
ҶվλãȴǾŹ˫۵УҲ󷨵ڡ
һϮµҶ쾲վ棬ȻߵȫɱҶȴɣһ㶼оС
̧ͷߵ̫ԽԽ𽥵Ҷһڵȴ
ҶڵȴǶһ̣ʱԪڣĳ֣󷨵Ĺؼڡ
ʱȥîʱһ˲䣬Ҷҽ΢΢̧˫ֺ£ǰ֮ͨУʩһӡдȵǰ
źҶƺͻȻ䷢˱仯
ܿĻͻᷢҶĸɽΪһ壬̩ɽһΡһɷ罣âİƴڶ
ƾԶ߰˹֮ĹļҶӦˣҡͷ̾˰Ҫ˵˭пܽ뵽ľ磬·ҶĪˣ
ʦ֣ǿ׼ˣϾҪˣ
ҿЩţ˫۽ɽµķˮƺ뿴Ҷ졣

ǹƴﵽʱҶ˫ַȻһ䣬̧ҽصĶ˵ϡ
ΪҶһŶ£Χ׵ƺܵ𶯣ԪȻ
վڷˮµҶƮڴ󺣲еһҶۣ˫ȴͬһ㶤˵ϣû˿ƶ
ȫʣһԪ֮ʱҶ۾͵˫ָ仯


560 £
˫βָĴָʳָ·Ҷ콫ȫԪ䵽ʨӡϡ
е޺ܵԪĹĶȻɢһɽ֮ɫʹҶ˫ֱ͸һ㣬ۿɼ

ڽʨӡͬʱҶһͺȣƶȻһ䡣
Ҫ˵ղŵҶͬΡɽ㲻ɺں־֮ҶƮͷһɾɱ
޺۵ļӳ֣վڷˮµҶһսʤһ㣬ǹɽ֮·˺
ͬʱҪ뵽ʾͷıǣͻȻһҫ۵ĹâŵǱһ˫εĴǣһ㣬ֱͶ˷ˮµҶ졣
ǹþҶϵ뵽ڣҶϵǹɱҲԽԽء
ʮ⻨еֲƺҲܲסɱ˳ÿݻƿή
ۣ
ҶΪѾ뵽˻ҲԵֵסļӳ֣һѪѿȾǰ½
һѪ³Ҷϵǹɱȴǲʵʵɱͷ۳һε
췢ɱתƣطɱ½
ҶƵ˫Ŀ͵һɣâһ󺣵ķ򣬿зһϺȣ˷ɱط
ҶϺȣͷǹսγɵȻգֱϿյʷȥ
ҲҶʱ򣬱ʽںڰ֮С̫׽£һϼ⣬¥ϵʱָîʱ
ССʦҪʲô
ҶɢľɱҿԾ˵ˣѵҶһ֮Կ
ôֱʣôĵӣôǣ
ļҲֳ˾ݣ³Ҷ⣬ֽ¶˵֣ȻҲƽ
Ҷ˾٣ȴ̫ʱµֶֻιڼңļ֮ǰ붼δ
Ҳ˵ļҺҿ𾪣ɽȴʡ
ϼҪӴ󺣵ľͷʱҶ̺˱Ȼǳѹһ
ҶҲôˣǹ޷ѹƵסΪ֮ĸ̫
Ҳ㼸ʱ䣬ȻһϼӴ󺣾ͷ𣬳˺ڰҶ췢ɱ˲䱻֮С
ԹǶġ̫ȻҲˮݡ
Ҷо·ŭ̫߳һԶƽʱҶյĶһ㣬ֱҶķ
ӦǹƺԻصҶϹž޲˫ֱָ䡣ʳָ౳ָⲿ֣ԶĴָѹʳָǰˣָ״γ˱ƿӡ
ǰǹסⷽ׵˲䣬Ҷȳˡ˷·뵽Ȼ֮УǹӴĶһʧȥ˶֡
˺ϵ£䶨󣬸ҿ
ǹɶδ֮ʱҶȻ
Ҷĺ;Źеķһε֮䣬ǧ󷨼
ԭֻķˮͻȻϼ⣬ͬʱһɾ޴ڶһ㣬ǵѰĿĶ˽ȥ
ǹɶɽȥͬʱҲ˸ղԼҶ죬һյϢ˲û뵽Ҷڡ
ԭӡȥҶ죬ȴҲ޷ȥˡ
ǵϢʱҶһһ㣬շԶԶȥ˶ʮס
뵽һ԰УҶƤʵҲᱻˤĽǶѡ
ڰеҶֻüһ۰ɽķ˾˹ȥѾʣµ飬ȫָļҺҿλʦˡ
˶Ӵڱȫˣ뿪ɵת
Źת֮һɾ֮ˮ֮Уһڲϲš
ĺԺЩʹ˵صȣ۴϶ԶԶˮƺ֮С
Զڰɽ۾̨ϵĹļңܵʮǾ֮󣬿дȵʦܣѿǾ󣬸ʱ
ɹ͵˿ǵʱˡ
Ǿ󣬽е֮ɹĻܵﵽ㣬Ƕڰɽԣͽһѡ
ǣʦ֣
ҿҲû뵽ҶôͳɹǿסеļҿĶԪеķͨ
ͬʱ̵ֳĹļҲǲҵһУһ洫̳С
ʹ˻ĽԪ˵˷ͨļӳ֣ٷҶµľǾС
󷨣
ԪΧ󷨻һܺ󣬹ļҿ͵һϺȣ۴һҫ۵ĹâǾȴǱɹˡ
֮һɾ޴Ҷⶰɢ˷ԭɽгԣ˲䶼˽̫ƽɽƺȻࡣ
Ҳ󷨿ʱԶˮ뵽˰ɽ֮УһָֻյΡ
Ǵʱڹ۾̨ϵĹļҺҿȴĽţΪǾ󷨵ĿֻǵһյĲ軹ء
žǾ鷨۾̨е飬ͻȻɢһ۵Ľ⣬ֱʮķˮ
ǵӴˮ֮ľ棬֮ƺһ
ˮŵͨԴԴϵر͵֮Уͨںͱ󷨣뵽˾Ǿ鷨
ȻҶõľǾ󷨣зǿһ־󣬵纣ԵЩ
һӣͻȻԽ˿ͬʳȲ˵ˣθҲ޷װȥģǹ֮󶼱òȶ
ʦܣ
ļҺҿһۣͬʱǰһһ۾һ˫죬ͬʱĶԪն¡
վǲܺزȵġ
ǹļҺҿһٶ꣬ǺԪҲڽǵж˲䣬գ۹ָֻˡ
֮󣬹ļҺҿػ߰˲Щ뵽ǻķˮ
վ壬˿ڱоѪǾ飬û뵽ƽ̲Ȼ˿µһ档
˵ʩΪù
ȻֻǽĴ谭Ƭ̣ǾȴǱȹӷˮдҲûǰˡ


561 
Ǿ鷨ȹ֮һڶ𣬼̶ӿɢҶǶ
ǹɶϮˮʱų˱仯صĶﶼЩɧȻ̣һЩ˵ע⡣
ھǾɵһ˲䣬Ҷⶰ·ʧȥӰ٣ЩڵϵļǣҲ޷׽еӰ
ɽһص̧ͷ죬þ֮췢ɱתƣ⡭Ϊ𣿡
̩һԭʼɭֵɽ֮Уһߴ׵ĳ㺺ڵϣ˸ָɫ쵵Ķ档
ߵһϼʱЩͻȻںʲô׷ǺӵĿڱǶȥ
һĿݵˣߺصͬʱҡһòŽЩ
ʲôӰ쵽˴ų㺦ǰ
Ǹɫؿ˶֮ǰҲӦһľ󣬲ԶҪСĶࡣ
һȻӵĵطһģСһƿҲУ۾
ٸǸȫ֮ĴڣѰѮڽ̺Ȼеһңȴ޷ݳʲô顣
صɽУЩΪ֪޺ͱ֣ҲǸܵԪı仯ҲǸող˼š
Щ쳣ȫĸţȻʱ伫̣ȴҶͬһˡ
¼ķԴءҶǶɽȴǱƽ濴һովװ޵ĺլڰɽ洦ɼ
ɽǷ˱仯ǾǰɽеȻϡˮ޽֮伸޼ˡ
һЩĸж֣ǰһھ泩Ŀƺˡ

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ǿƵĹļҺҿһۣԼͬغ¶˾ϲɫ
Ȼǿ϶ģΪܣŨ֮
һ뵽ξ֮УظղΪԪɵµʹƺ˼֡Ϊ֮һ
Ŵ̰ͣغ˼󣬹ļ¶ɫǾ۶ԪҪҶ쾩ĺԺʮ
ЩǴޱ޼ʵĴתģȫҪһʧֻҪȻڣֻҪûбƻЩԾá
ҿСʦôˣ
վԭػָһƣ˲һʮӺ󣬹ļҺȻҶ졣
Ҫ֪ԹļҺҿΪתͨ󷨵ʱˡ
Ҷ£Ȼö־ǹɶоķɣ¸ӵĿ¡
ļҶ죬ҿɫҲǱˡˮķ˵ʦ֣СʦûµĻӦûˣûǳʲô°ɣ
ļд󼱣Ҳ˲ϻָˣ˵죬Х绰ȥСʦܣ
⡭һźŶûа
ͳֻҿòûѵ绰ˤνžȥʦ֣Ϣһ£ȥСʦܹ
ҿ΢ǳһ㣬ֱȹļᣬܵķ֮ҲҪ΢һЩȻظ仹ʹ·ȴǲˡ
ȿȣȡȵң
ļַסؿڣ˼֮˵Һһȥһûͷӣȴǲʦܰ
ԴӺСʦҶǲֶΣѾļҸ۷ˣ꼴ʹʦԪϣδܼ㹦
ʵļҲҶһйʲôֻҶ첻˵Ҳȥѯʵģ˭ûԼأ
ӷɿʻ˱ϵɽЩǷ׷ײĿ
ҿƺźЩһȴǲ¶ȲѣʲôҿСһȥ쭳
ʦաղŷʲô鰡
ˮԼ׵·ʱһֵĸ߼ҿæ˹
߼ܵҿίУˮΧԲǧ׶ϵĴӾ١
ȻʼԪûЩͨ˵ע⣬ǾʱǵȴǾǡ
û£ǲ÷ˮʱһЩǲҪġҿ³Ц٣鷳ˣȲ裡
ҿڷ˼֮ߣӿ˽ȥǼȻŷˮһμôֶΡ
ͣڷˮ㳡ǰҿ͹ļ˳ټķˮ㳡ϣֻǸߴʮ׵ķˮԭأΧûҶӰ
ǰķˮ˵ƺǰЩЩĲͬڷˮϵЩܣƺ鶯˼֣һ˿˿֮䲻ͣתš
ȴǹ˲ϸ鿴ҶĲӰ٣жһ˿ĸо
Ҫ֪ǹɶϮʱ򣬼ʹԹļҺҿΪһĸоοеҶأ
Сʦܣ
Ҷ죬ػ
ļҺҿžĿռڳǶ˵ĺȴûҶĻش
ʦ֣ѪҿҶվ۴ʼѰңܿͷ˵ϵһ̯Ѫ
ҵˣСʦܣ㡭ôˣ˳ҶѪڻп˫۽δҶ졣
ļָֽҶǶһ£죬ȥ
ˣһڵıɫɷףܵɷʴ󣬱Ƚ׻ָ
ɫֽȴܵĳشҶ౻յĴ˸࣬вͻһغ
˵ʵҶȻһҲ˿ˣĹΪȻʱûԶѡ
ҿСĵĽҶ챳ϣֻԶҶ찫СҶֻŻ˵ϡ
һ㣬֪ХͶڱģ
ļҿ⸭˵ˣɰᶯ壬õİ취õ̧ߣֻǴ˿Ҳ˲ôˡ
Ҷ챳ϣҿҲ۳һ󺹣ڿر;УļҸХȥ˵绰ҿʵҲƲᣬֻǿǿˡ
صкҿСĵְҶûһصشϢ
Сʦܣˣ
ҿϲҶⷽԲǧ׵ıеŨʵʵǷ뷿ȥϢν
ȡȿȣҴˣҶ컹ûſ˵ſ˼һѪ˳
Ѫļȴ¶ϲɫ


562 츣
ҶѪɫ죬ȴǽظѪ˳һѪ³Ҷȴްˡ
Сʦܣ㡭ҲçײˣǶΪʼԪǷܿģ㾹Ȼ󣿡
зļ̲ס˼Ҷ죬ԼСʦνǵ죬ʱһ֣ùļеľս
Ҫ֪Ƿˮʦ£вͻᵼԪǴ١
Ҷ첻¾Ǿ취ȡ˵ö󷨣ļҶŽʷҲûŹλǰй˵Ĵֱʡ
ʦ֣͡ƾΪ֮󣬸ûתתϢʱͻֹͣģ
ҶԿЦأȴȫˣԼղŵΪҲ̲סһ亹
Ҷ첻ûпǹŭԪɵĽֻԳֶӡ֮ǰԼмȥ
ֻҶû뵽ڶʱȴûԶڣҶֻһָǹɶȥ
һҶŵҲ¶˳ȻǹɶֻǷֳһҲҶһغ
ڻмķգҶҲǺ²ѡ
νѣΨξġΪǹ֮и޷κ֮࿹ͷ
´вˣ£طתһЩ仯ڿܲԣպҪϵġ
ҶĽͺ󣬹ļҡҡͷɫЩأΪͶ˽⣬ȻܸӦõҶʩؼһЩ΢䶯
ҶǿվҲ已̥ҪܵطģܽҴ˵еľⷲġ
ţط仯
Ҷһ㶣ϰԵľĬ㣬ȴǺȻоظһʹһѪ˳
Ҷ죬㲻Ҫ
ҿҶľٶæһѽסذƽԹƾڵ״̬
ȿȡҡִˡ
Ҷһ߿Ѫ˿һ߿Цѣܲ˵ԼƽʱͲҪķɣ
Ҷʵ̫أʹдԶݣȴ޷ӦԪ䣬ŵϼ˵ġ
ʦʦôһصӱſڴǵõ֪ͨХ˹
ХûбԿףȴǴ򳵵ǰͨ˿Ҷ켸˶˵ϣļ֮´Ϸ˹
ϵʦǰҶһϮѪƬƬѿɫХ۾̲ס
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ҶⶰԣĵطɾڵĹ۾̨ˣǴģĻָ档
λʦ֣Ҷ³çˣ۵λҲˣľͲ˵ˣԪԣȰƻָһ°ɣ
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츣أ츣ذ
ļ۾ĵһ仰˸пʮ꣬һֱֻĻļаͻƵľ֮С
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ҿֵ̾ˣһЩٴʮҲֵˣ
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Ȼ󷨿ʼڣֻǶ̶̵ĸʱҶⶰȴǷ췭ظı仯
ԭⶰȻװ޵ģȴȱһ˿ҪΪû˾סԭ
ʱıЩ£ɢ˾޴Щֲֲ޲ǴΣǸձˮϴһ㡣
ЩԭûеڿŵʻʱҲŭ԰һƬ㣬֮
ǣЩֲﷱïĵطȻۼ˿˿ƲƵ縣ȥɾһ㡣
Թļ˵Ķ츣أûпʣ¾ǹɽ޵ĶҲԶ档
ȻЩڱڿģ󷨵ļӳ£濴ȴǺɽլһûʲôϡ֮
԰еľɫҶҲ˴˺һᣬֱϸоһȺſ˵ʦ֣̫ˣǻǻطȥɣ
ƽʹʮȸ£ҶҲԲһκֻȴЩסȵⱩɹˡ
Сʦܣ㣡Ҷ컺վ´˸ҡΣҿæһѷסҶ졣


563 ָ
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ҶҡͷЦͬʱҲиԼպҲˣÿζôãѲ⣬˵ͻԸͷġ
ҿţոߵſڵʱһɲӱſڴХƿҴҴ˽
ХҶȴǰп࣬Լ˶һ䣬СӾͰѸĸˡ
ҶɫХߵǰڰ˵ʦǷҪҲû취
ãȽȥ˵
Ҷҡҡͷɫ¶Ϊ΢ЦХ˵֣λô˰լӿɻûȫء
Ҷ첻øĸˣһǵԼ壬ȴΪ̫ʢܲ
Ҫ֪ǲ٣Ҳи޶ȵġ
˲οԸĲ̲Ԫһ޲ֵĽһ֧˲Σ˵ھͻʢ¿ڱѪ
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һãҿͱæµˮȻˣ黹в٣Ҫϯһʽϵ֤飬ЩԱˮֵá
ʵҿ˵ˮ洦Զ׼ġ
յ죬Ǹֳ쳣ȴοͱܱ߼˾޴ľЧ棬ЩȻ鹦ˮˡ

Сʦܣⶫٴ󺣣ԴԴϣ˵ĿΪһ̳ˣ
վڹ۾̨ϣļ泩ûԼɽʮ֮󣬾Ȼ˶츣ﰲꡣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ʦ֣ͶʦְסɣҿҪܵġ
Ҷ첼ҲǻʹȻĸڹڣǵļǻиѾ˻δڵء
ʦ֣СʦܣǺа
Ҷ͹ļ˵Żҿ˹˵Сʦܣˮһ깤ʽҪҪȥμӣ
⼸ҿƵ˶ǵһˮʦıϣԼ֪Լ£ҿɲҽ⹦;ΪС


564 
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ҿĻҶһ£ˮѾȥʱˣôʲô깤ʽ
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ҿǲˮֵĴˮʦԷˮֺʱóɹҿһ˵ģ
Ҷһ£ҡҡͷ˵ʦ֣Ҿ˰ɣԺҪǻڵЩûʲôġ
ȻԹŷˮʦнύȨϰߣǲΪ֮һ֣Ҷ첢ȱǮҲúЩ˴򽻵
Сʦܣ㻹ᣬҪҪġ
ҶĻҿ΢죬ЩȦΪ˽Ǯ棬ҲģǾһ֡
ӹ񣬡޷ƵģҿҲ򸻺ֲأ޵һˮʦͷΣȴѹ͵ȻĶ
ҿףˮִӹ˼޽ҶһִģֻһЩЭǲںƤȥСʦܵĹ͡
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ҿ飬ҶЦʦֵһ壬ЩˣʦԶٽһһҲкôġ
ӴʦֹļҵϣҶѧ˺ܶණ
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ЩװźƵĳϣҶھҲμӹΣÿζҪЩ¶ˣЩϣǾԶ֮ġ
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ҶЦϲھ۹µЩеݵλҲҪ׷ġ

ΪǣҿĻǱȽģҶ켸һ½½Ĳ˴ӴŴ߽
мҲҶˣԶʹѩѩˣۺλϰҲˣǵңǽȦӵġ
⻹һЩװ۵ˣؾҿ˵ĸطˮʦˣҶϴһ֮ȴЩʧ
⼸Ȼһɷģڲûת㲻ˡ
ţϡϰôҲˣ
ҶĿпŵʱ򣬲סˡ


565 㣨ϣ
ǸûʵĴ߽ˣҶϰ裬ֻǵŴ磬ȴǺкܴ
ޱһɫϴһʯϣҶ͵ֹֻ֮価Ըׯ
ҶƽǴһǳװһѩ׵ĳһµᣬһ˿۾ڱϣȥΪš
Ҷ쳤ô󣬻ǵһμϰִģǴΣϰҲ˼װŤŤġ
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кܶඥŮȥżҲһЩףЩ˾ͰҶƽΪһЩˡ
ҶԱߵХҲҶƽΪҶûע⵽أæҶ죬˵ʦҶˣ
ХҶ࣬ҶҵĳƺǻңҶΪʦȴǺҶƽ壬Ҷ죬ֽĸ̣֮ͷԡ
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ˣѩѩǰвҰƹɫҶⲻֽһȻһŶУ˵ˡ
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ҶſŮˣ뻪ʤ֣ϴ̨µʱ򣬻ʤҲһЩҶ컹Ƿġ
ﻰܱҶţǵҰ
ʤˬʵЦ˵Сݼǳãǹ˾һӰҶҪʱ䣬ԴΪ֪ͨһµġ
Ҷ̨ϮɱʮӶϢʤһĺбˣȻǲҵǷȴҶʾõġ
ڵػ۵Ȧǣõİ취ͳͺլ֮⣬ȻǳǮˣʤҶ֪ͨ᯾ϷǸҶء
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Ҷβ׻ʤ˼ֻĺ᯾ûʲôǷڵʱӵһ绰ѡ
ӣС˭ûͦŮԵİޱѹҶʵ


566 㣨£
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ѩѩĹϵ֪᯾ӰǣȻҲ֪ʶŮʱҪǳǿǺѽġ
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˹ޱк˲ŽעҶ츸ĸϣλ׸ſ׷Ҷ츸ĸغܲ򵥡
ҶӣҶ죬Uncle
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˵Сߵﶼǽ㰡
ҿЦ˵Ҷһ䣬Ȼعͷ˵Ҹǽһ£λϻĴɽȣҲǵ洫ĵϵˣ
һʮ˳ȥҿܵСգλҵĴʦ֣ԪӣСʦܣҶˣ
ԪˣҶСʦ壡
ǰһŹļҺҶһȻҶʮֵᣬְأҲʧ
֣ȻҶɫɷһݣƺû˿ԪȴԼһּΣյĸоʱֵ˼֡
ÿû뵽ʱܼͣ˵ĵӰļһɽȣʵʦ𣿡
Ԫʶʦ
ɽֻоһɴסԼ˫ȭ岻ؾվֱˣ²ɴ󾪡


567 ӵ
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ͷʽ΢ڸ̨Ǻʢеģʮ꣬ɽȾͽ˰ظ֣δܼ
⼸ϻһЩﶼɽģҲһң֣Ҳǲ·ġ
ڼļϵصʱɽȲûôϣԷֶûԼŵ޷Կֹֻʦϼ
ʦľѣڵصһЩʾɣɽȻȫʶǰϵʿȴĺܡ
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ļҡͷ̾ϢһǰٻͺպȨŶȥѶûʣ¼ˡ
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ɽЩŵؿŹļңʦѾʮˣǰǷСĻϵӦҲ䡣
ֻǹļȻݣϺ棬ͷϷҴȻһ˿ڷȥҲʮӡɽô޷ʦһϵ
Ȼʶܼǲסˡ
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ɽ뵽ԺеǸʱǲŵ飬ѹʵ׼ĪĪչ
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ļͬɽȴϲ֪ʦӵ绰֪ԭѾȥʮĹѻʱǸʲôӦ
ʦ֣ûĵط𣿡
ɽȳŴ绰ҶҿЦĸӦεһǼϵĿ⣬Ҷе
СʦܣĶҪΪǰ
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Īνͬ
˵ĻҶüͷһԪ϶һλˡ
ҲȫƿǹҶΪҲǸղŵɽࡣ


568 Թ
׻᳤˵еˮܷʦ˵ǰ㹦Чδ֪ء
еһλ˳ǰ˵ĻҲЦɵ̬ȴˣһһ˿ҩζ
Ǻǡ
ҿûɫ糣ЦˮģˮǷЧ˵ģǴķѾõĺֳѾ̻˵ġ
ǣϵ֣ȻͼӰЧġ
Ϊ׵ƤЦⲻЦĺߺһ䣬ƺԸ⣬Ŀ⿴˹ļҺҶ죬ʵϵܣλǣ
˴μ磬ļҴһոµǬۣҶһϮɫΧĻ룬һ۾ܿ˵ݡ
Ƕλҵͬš
ԷҿҲòش𣬵ֻô򵥵˵һ䣬ûмȥ˼ȻͶԷһ·ˡ
ŶϵܻͬڰãŸõˣǻģ
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뿪Ҷһ֮УǼλˣȴЩʧ
ʦԪУǰžһλԻʱ䡣
ʱŸȻȱʧֱȱȽǣǽ뻯Ҳкü֯Ŵᣬ໥д蹦
ǽɽȺ׵ģҶ첻ʧƾ˵ֺΪȻҲܱ֮ΪʦֱЦ
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ڵķˮڶ࣬ԵֵĻԭЩطΪһɣǰһΪ
㸣ȴһЩˮɣɵ࣬
꿹յʱ򣬹ļɹͬգȴǸܾˣ֮仹һЩССìܡ
ֻɱûͶձˣļҲûǿԷļҺר˽һǵĹһ۾Ϳ˸ղ˵·
ʦ֣˵ûɳġ
ļҵ˵ͷ˵˽ï۵ģɶռԲǺУڷˮȴЩŵҲһ·ˣʮ֮ǰҺ˵ӡ
ԭïڹļ֮ǰѾСˣһЩͥȥ߷ˮ
ļ֮󣬴һռ֮ЩٹռԣïⲢִһȼϵ
Ǿʮǰʱ۸ˮɾһξۻᣬ۵ˮѧֻᣬһǹٷЭᡣ
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ҿ֮һֿĲǺأȴǳĺλ᳤ҲЩ뷨Ȼõġ
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ȻЩǺܴ󣬵ͻȻʩչȴǽ鲻Ǻܷḻï˸ֲӮⳡ
ʣˮѧĵһλ᳤ȻͳҿͷҲȴ˸۵һˮʦͷΣʱҿڿʼġ
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ҶҿĻЩֵʵʦ֣Ȼ뿪ˣΪֻһʲô᳤Īְܸ𣿡
Ҷ֮ӴˣǶҿмӵģ˵Ҫٴζܸïǲ̫ĵλ
ߣҿһ˵ƾΪҵĶ֣ʦ
ٴλص۵ïǴһʮͷģʱֱҵҿ˵Ҫдһ¹
ԹŽ֮УѲľˣһСһŮˣһˣˣ׳ʿġ
ҿȻǱҵˣҲûõɣ½˵Ҫ
һʼҿ͸о˲ԣֻѪʢ֮ͲǸʮˣΪȻһ
ҿҲܹ˼ƣֱӿˣ˵ûΪֻҪó᳤λá
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ԼʹλʦֵܺҲû˵ղïҿὫ²С
ʵҿʦֵμ磬ʵҲиԼ˼ģïҪǶϼһҿле㷢ġ
Сسϵģɻ˲Ͻ
ļһ䣬ʵʦܣʦʲô֣ʮ֮ǰʲôΪ
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ʵ뵽ľ֮ȥҲһġ
ֻѾǰѮˣҲ֪ΪǷ뻯һԷҪҲ뻯ĻԼȥȡ衣
ҴʱҿľҲߣǻ᳤֮λѲ黳ˣԲûиж
ûɵĺˡ
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ŽǰҲֻеһЩ̸˺ͷʥͣΪͽǹȴ
Ҳ޵֮һֱΪ֮ľֻһִ˵Ϊȷʵûн뵽ڡ
ļɽʮ꣬ͻľ֮Ϊͻͽġ
Ǹвˣ쳾֮У׾ǵż


569 
Ҷʮͽˣʷ϶ΪټֻҾͲˡ
ҿǺҶϵõһĴйҽ뵽ԣĺԺĻһҲԽ뵽Ϊġ
Ųʮǰ˰۷ľ磬ļֱӾͶܽ뵽Ҳҿǰļ
һҿļԵʦܣ£Ķ뻯ãΪħʱʵĻֽһɣ
깶ļҾЩڣǻῼſմƣû䷢ͻ
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ļҵĻҿд󶨣λǿʦֵ򣬼ִҶϰòٹʹ뻯ҿҲһƴ֮ˡ
Сʦֲطϡ
ҶûɷǵҶϵȥ㸣ưܵˡ
ҶʦֵڵΪԷǶþӵĻ˶ģǵŶȥ
ʦʦھʹ̨Ϲˣ
Ҷʦֵܼ˵Żɽ˳ĸ˹һ˵Ԫʦʦһ˽˷ɻ΢һۣ
ɽҲû뵽ʦӵ绰󣬻˵ļҪ͹ļҶԻˣҶϵ绰ֱӾϵ˰ŷɻۡ
ϻ誵ΪԵľٶɼļĿеĵλˣɽԹļҵʱֹ̬˼֡
ϵܻ˰ҵջش½ʱûҵĲˡ
ϻҹʱ򣬹ļҲм꣬ʱϻʶһת߰ʮȥˣû뻹һ졣
СʦܣҪǻؼеȴϵܰɣ
ļҳһ£Ҷ죬˵˶Щ󱲣ǿŽʲôˣʶҲգ
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ɽȺï֮⣬ûһϵ̨ˣЩĵ˴򽻵ǲصкȥˡ
Ҷ쿴һҿЦʦ֣ǿǸʦ翪ʼ˵ɣҪûҲ磬Ǿͻȥ
ҿǣǼǱȽģ罫ھŵʼڻʮӵʱ䡣
Ǻðɣʦģٵһᣡļҵ˵ͷҶΪһĵȻ˻ļҲֻӵķݡ
ʦֵ˵ⷬԻɽȵĶ˾κˡ
ɽǰʦֻƬǰݵϵˣҲԺ֮֮߾ʦ֮ȡ
ôһλҶǰȴڳһҶΪ׵ļƣɽȲܲҶ࿴ˡ
ֻǲɽδҶ죬òƶһˣżɨԼеһ˿â׾˽Եˡ
ôţ𣿡
ļע⵽ɽȵ飬ЦҶһĵɲҪڲģΪɱϵһҪء
˹ļ䣬˵ǲҪ˼ʲôⷬ˵ȴɽǰСǡ
ҶܳΪļҵʦܣɽȾͺˡ
û뵽˾ȻݱȹļһҪߣɽȰԼûжҶʧ
Ҷ죿ֺ
¶ҶģɽȶʱоЩϤ̽ҶʵҶʦ壬ǲ̨尡
Ҷ츰̨ǴΣֳܴһη粨Ϣͨ˶֪һȺڶǵĹӶһҶնɱ
ҿҲϻ誴绰ѰҶ죬ôһԺţɽﻹ벻ĵ
ȥһΣҲǻҵĴʦ֡
Ҷ˵ͷɽȺкøУϾܼŴͳѾԽԽˡ
ԭˡ
ɽȻĵ˵ͷʶȤûٶȥжҶȴǶһСģòĻ˭벻˾ȻǸɱ
ʱָŵʱͬҲǸ۵һλߵ˳м䣬˷󣬿˵λλŮʿܸ뵽λμӴ˴硭ͬʱҪлҿΪδĻãŻѪ顭
ȻۣñܻͬҪܻ䣬˽ˮĳ˻Ҳϲڹ϶Էˮĳν
һͣЪ˼˵ҿǽһĸı䣬ʲôӰ죡
ҿݲȵվ˳м䣬ЩǸؿһҶ˵ķ˵ĳҲмʮʱˣһֱ𽥷żĸ顣λܶ˶֪ڵ뵽Ԫ˵ʱڣ⼸ľܵ˺ܴĴԸλӰҲСɣĳڰɽЩı䣬˾Źԡ󷨣תӶ۵ɷȻδŤתƣҲĳ˶һ⣬ϣ۵죬ܸӵĲʢͷ٣
ҿݽʮֵļ̣һֶӾ˵ˣǳ˼
ⳡڵĸʮ֮סڰɽȻҿ˵ǫ飬еĴ˶ѾܵʵݣǺֳı仯ɽĿҪǰࡣ
ҿÿͲ˹ȥ˵ҿ̫ˣҽ飬ǹͬٱһ
˵鵽ȫ˵ӦһǾеľƱһл͹УͬⱭơ
Ⱥȴһ˫۾ҿȥ˶ʺ޺ͷŭĿ⣬ï
ʵϸ˵Ҷ󷨣ïķ롣
Ϊҿ۶Ǹռȥ˿߷ˮѰѨҲǺóЩ
ҿȻï֮ͣǰûʲôϵĳͻ
ͬҿռһïķˮһ飬Ҳġ
ҿ䲻Ĳôһˮ֣һ۵ڶ฻ȥ˺ôïＫˡ
ⲻ룬ķˣպ˶֪ʦڷˮߣ˭⡰״ʦȥ߷ˮأ
ϵܣһ²⣬֪ǲһ°
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570 
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Ҫ֪̫ƽɽȷ۵ĺլ٣Ҳеĸסġ
˵סλˮͬҲһƼڡ
ï仰Գ˵ɱǺܴġ
ï˵ҿķˮֽ۵˶ɽôǾ˱ؽܵӰ죬ɲһС¡
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ҿףҪǲïʣԼһ۵˵ʲôǵһˮʦͷˣպҲԼ֮ء
ԷȻҳӵģҿȻҲٿʻ֮кεıԼïӡ
þŹȡô𣿡
ïЦһϵδЩ˽˰ɣ۵Ǵҹͬģ㶼۵˶棬ñô찡
ïΪʮֵգ仰жסҿµķˮ֣ƻ۵ˮ֣Դ𹫷ߡ
ïĹĶǺгЧģĻ䣬˾̲סʵʦ𣿡
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²÷ˮҿôһˮ֣ȴǱóˮߵïָڳеƽ֪ѾЩïˡ
Ȼֻ˿ѯˣԱЩ˺ɵĿ⣬˵Ҳͬʡ
ҿ֪˿ҪһЩĻؽӾ˵ǣ´˸ЦûǸʲôˮ֣ſڿӣЦЦ
໥֮ύԹģһӣǲݵľ棬ïһȻҿƳۣҿȻҲκεˡ
ʦ֣Ҳͬ𣿡
ҿïԵӣҶ̾˿Ȼ˰ʽ΢Щ˻ŽᣬżͬС
СʦܣŴûŽֻڷѵĸˣ
ļҲУ̾ŸӪеһ㲻˲ȹģȻǱϻܺ
ڹļݺŽʱֵձ֣ڴǰЩ˶֮ǰĶԹͬվȹ
ڲͬˣڵž˶֮󣬻ʵܶഫжѾϵˣΨغԱȽĴ
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ҿоֱӴï񾭣ҿҪ㵽ˮһϣҪɵķ룿
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ϵܣһǿ߷ˮģⲻ֪ʲôɵĴУǱ̸֮ˮ㲻ÿЦ𣿡
мĶԻȻڽţһƺԽԽïָܼҿ֮⣬Ȼָҿˮˡ
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ҿһЦ˵׻᳤ֻʶŹ滹һȴ֪ûп
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˵ĵ˭˭ٰ
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ïҿʵƿԣΧ۵ﲻԾĲ΢ı仯
Ͼˮһ˵ͼӰģïǸٸլķˮ˭˵Щպķ˥ˮйϵأ
ҿͬռһ׼ٳ˺ܶգʵʵڵ飬ͬʱҲҿڸ۵λҪïҪԭ
ïҿסˣЩղŵĻҲŰˣ׷׳С
λǺĳʶڶʮˣĳΪΣŴﶼǲ𺦵۵˵ġ
˵ҿ΢΢һЦ˵µ󷨣Ϊǿתˣ츣۵ġתˣǴãã֮гȡģ׻᳤ʶ󷨣ȴǶˣ
ԭ˰Ҿ˵ʦ˵ġ
ֱʰܴӺϳȡˣ׻᳤ġ
û뵽ʦڷˮպլ½ʱҪʦһ
ҿ˻һҲѹԼˣ˵ĶǶҿ֮ԡ
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һ˶Ҳյӣ̶Ҷûʲô
ֻҪԷԷˮѣӰ쵽լӵľҶô۵ˮеЩء
ҶĶǳѼͷܽˣ
裬ﾹȻһѴѵ뷨ֹάҶ켸䣬˵Сͽأĳȸˣ֮ĳϯҶ٣
ãһҶ˵ͷŵȶҲ洦ģȻ˶Է̨ףûҪˡ
ôˣôİ
ǣͷԼһƣ˶û
ȵͽ˳᳡֮󣬳ڱһ˶ŸղŷǹһĻ
ûеļҶԴҲûд˵еķɽˣҶǰ˼֣ͻȻʧȥһ㣬ʵЩ졣
Ÿղŷ飬ЩǾĵЩҶĿҲٴһ˿⣬һⷨҪʩԼϣǽһʲôΰ
׻˵ҷ䷸еֶԶʿɱȵģҲʦȨѹҪԭˡ
˵ɫҿվ˳˵λ¾͵Ϊֹ׻᳤ҲΪ˸۵룬ҾͲضˣٸҽһ󷨵İɣ
ҿ˻һ˵ע˹ȥҲ֪ټ粨ķˮ֣׻ʲôá
վڳеҶ˿˳ȥк󣬸еͷһæ̧סͣÿʱѪ
ļҾվҶ࣬æסҶ죬ǹİֵ˵Сʦܣû°ɣԺҪǿʤˣ


575 һ
ʦ֣û£ͺˡҶ˰֣Щί١
ղջһ£ԪҶδĸ࣬ܵһЩ𶯣ԭѹƵƴ
ղ³ЩѪ֮󣬵ǲҶƼأֻҪЩʱհˡ
ʵղΣɹļҳҲǿɻܲģҶΪһ֮Ȼûеͷڹĵ
Сӣɱ̫أպҽһиʶҲѧ𷨰ɡ
ļһεؿҶ죬ҿѾˣһδϣСʦϣɲҶκε⡣
ʦ֣ʿʲôʱת޷ˣ
Ҷ쿪˸Цֻоظ֮һᣬǵĿҲ¿˵ʦֵѾˣ߰ɡ
ҶһֱԱĬɽæ˵Ҷʦ壬ʦʦӦÿ쵽ˣȥ˼ңͷȥأ
Ŀ˸ղһĻɽȲ֪ԼĸоȫûдһݵΪǿ֮ԼϳҲǲҰܵĽ֡
ɽ˾κˣ޷Ҷ졣νȳ̶ȵģ
˵ʱɽҲҶΪˣɲΪƺȺҶ˵Ĳ졣
ʦ֣㿴ɡ
Ҷ˹ļң֪ʦֺϻ誹ϵΣֵֵ֪顣
ļҳһ£˵ϵҶʦҲ̵һЩ˵һЩԨԴɡ
һˣǹļҺϻཻĪ棬Ҳ˼֮󣬲µ
ãסڡ㵽ʱֱӹˡ
ʦּȻ˻ҶԥؽַɽȣʦڿеšҶҲмֺġ
ǣллҶʦ壡
ɽȴӦһ˳˻᳡ȴ΢Щ졣ʦ͹ļҵĽ飬۰ݷõȻҪˣǶԷƺԥһᡣ
ĸԶ죬Ҷ캰Х죬˵Х죬ȥҰǴкȻǾߣ
ޱȻͶӶ׽ݷǷ򸾵ʵֻ̫࣬ԶŶǸĴ˸к
ⳡҲһֱעҶϵģʲҶֶιڹ죬ЩҲҴţҶһϢ˳˻᳡
ԺҲμ־ۻˣ
û᳡֮Ҷ쳤˿ǵĿѹֵգֱܡ
ɲ㰡һҶ󷢳ͷȥȴԶŮ˳
Ҷ죬ҺïЩ飬лˡ
ԶʶҶҲкüʱˣǲ֪Ϊʲô⼸ÿһμҶ죬ܸоʢԼͷǰȻҲһ㲻Ȼĸо
ƣղҶԲס˵ûӡ
Ҷ˰֣˵֮Ҳãһͻˣҵ˼𣿡
Ҷ֮ľǰλүӣڻ᳡ԶӣʵҲЩǸȻġ
û£㲻Ҿͺˡ
ҶĻԶ˿˵û˼Ҫȥ˾һ̣һûȥ½լӣȥͰɡ
Զ֮ǰҶռһԣ֪Լ֮гѣ۳ʱԽԽʹˣҲЩˡ
ǰҶ磬۶ûѩѩȥѽ
ѩѩҲסҶҡҶ켸ǳϦദһ࣬缸λ
ȥլӣ
ҶЦһ˵пûҲȥҡҡͷ˵ƣլڲȥȹʱһ͵ġ
ʣ
Զһ£ͻȻ뵽˾ǵľɫһ䣬̽˵Ҷ죬լĪҲʲô󷨣
˵֮ʱԶ뵽Ƿˮ϶Լ뷨
ãµͲµɣһֶҪ˵Ǿˡ
ҶԭҲûԶҰȹǳѣҪլϣպܻᱻ֪ġ
ԶҶ켸˽һ͹ĳֱӷص˼С
ʱ䣬ϻ誵ӦûҪһСʱҶϴ˸軻һ·۾̨ϵ޸
ڸ۵϶˵һסıһλ˽ҽոոïϣһǵĲ˵û˵࣬߹ǣʱҪúһ²С
ï۾Ӫ꣬ӵҵ۶ƽգЩĲƸҿֻ಻١
˺Ҳݳ֮ģסõı˽ҽҲ浽
ллҽ￪ڽйһˣԸҽȥɣ
ȻҲί٣ֻǱа֮ڣô칦ܻġ
ֽͽܴˣòЩΣϾͽܸԼҲʮˣ˵ĹϵȸӲ϶١
ȵҽ֮ïһ˵ʦҡҽˣ
ʵЩѾٹеˣ඼ïڴԽ飬ʼʱ򲢲֪
ïڼҶ켸˺иоЩ˽ʦӼиȥû룬ȴʦԼһܵ衣
ʦģĲģڶ࣬һҪֻ
ïûкҶϣҲ˽ⷢڲϵ飬ԶҶǶҿԹ޵ġ
˵ʲô
ԭڲ쿴ͽƵĲ⻰۾ʱһïͷϣ˵һƱ㣬ʡɣ
ʦǸʲôïЩԺˡ
Сӣʦֵˣǽ뵽˻ʲôȥֻسӣ
ﳤ̾һὲķɣ֮УԹŶѭһǾȭͷ˭ȭͷ˭
Ҷز֮Լþͷһ룬ǶʮҶ죬ΪҲ뵽֮ˡ
һԺɨˣٽһӣҲʲôѰسӵ뷨ˡ
ïЩԺԴʱޱˣͷϲϸܵ亹
ʦ밵ʮ꣬û취뵽֮УԷȻ֣ԼȻ鷳ȷЩ֪ˡ
Ժˣ㶼Ҫִ򲻿ǣ
һ£ַԸټиˣǶעһ㣬ⶩõľƵ꣬ʦȥԸܰԹɡ
˭ҪǽҶȳң϶Ҳģ֮ʣ˵Ͳʲôˡ


576 
ڹ۾̨ϣͷҹȺ貣ǾϵıңңӦһǹ£뵽֮С
˿˿ƽʵʵҶȫ룬ҶͷڳһƬ֫ٺһڽ˽붨֮С
ȻҶжһ£۾֮ſɽȥϥŵ˫ʹ֮վ
СʦܣҲӦˣ
ļվھҶʮ״һЦؿԼλʦν츳صˣȻôĸӦ
Զ⵱˵ģôҲҪȥӭһ°ɣ
ҶһЦղȻһСʱѾƸѹסˣʱֻҪٺ˶֣Ͳʲô󰭵ġ
˹۾̨ʦֵܶȥХѵſڣŸˡ
ڲ11ӣΪǵҿûҶһӭҲǸλѧʦˡ
˸ոſڣ·ǰʹķһɫıʿʻ˹
Ҷ͹ļҶһ̧ۣǰӭȥʿھŻʮ׵ĵطͣסˣűƿ
һһװݣʮˣӳ
̧ۿҶˣæӿ˽ŲûӭѾߵǰһ˫۾ض˹ļҵϡ
ڹļϿһ֮Ŀɨȱʧһֱ۵Ҽ紦ʵɡԪ֣
깶ļҳ»̨֮ϻȥҽԺ̽ӹȻʱļòǰ֮𣬵ϱȴǼٲ˵ġ
ļҵҲЩ̾һϵܣһʮأû뵽ֵܻһհ
誰ݼ磡
ļ仰ϻ޻ɣǰһŹļҾͰݵȥݺᡣ
ǰʱаݰֵܣ˵ǰ˰֮ʱ˹ļңϻ誵ΰ
ɡ
ļһסϻ誡˵ϵܣֵܺˣҸһ£ʦĹŵҶ졣Ҳһ
ȻϻĻҪ˵ļһûҶ죬Ҳ˵ҶݣլӣҲҶеİ
üĿһò
ϻ誴ҶϿ˿ɫüͷ˵ҶʦǺ˭ˣΪλ˼أ
֮Ϊ֮ڣ˵֮⣬ҪĵطڼҸ˵ġ
ں͹ļҵĽ飬ϻҲҶ߿˼֣һ֮˵һ˵ķӣͷд㣬ץҩԳԿ
ɽѧӵʱϻ調ѧһֺҽ˵ҩ˵Ĳ֮ء
ллʦֹġ
ҶЦԲ壬˵Ʋʲôʦֲˣǽȥ˵ɡ
Ҷʦܣ⸭ˣвɴ⣬ҪСĵġ
Ҷһںӣϻ調˹ļң˵ԼҲǴ˵֣᲻еɣ
һλˣʱ˶֣˻˵ĸ࣬ʱǿӲǿ˹ȥ˭֪ʮ꣬ͻȻɼѪ
Ҷʱеƣڲע⣬˵պͻɵġ
ϵܣҶֶβ֮£ܲ
ļЦҡҡͷǾڣԴԴϳԣˣֻҪһָܻġ
Ŷ
ϻЩԾؿһҶ죬֪ļƽӲ˵ԣȻ˽ˣҶΪǲġ
լˡ
ļҿһɽȣ˵ѳӾͷɣҲ
ǣʦɽȹشȴЩΪȻ
ļǼƣԼ˶һ㣿ɽȸʦ߹طҲһЩǰûŶء
ļȥɽȵǵС˼һ˦ÿӣϻ課߽˱ǵš
ţ⡭ô£
ոտĴţϻ誵Ǳʩ˶һ㣬ƵվǾ㵵顣
ǳԣĽʵʵڲϻ誵ȥѷĵʱй־ʹɽɽеҲԶԶ
˲öʣϻʶľͷſ񣬾ȫһʱ뵽붨״̬
Ȼ츳Ű
ϻ誾Ȼ֮ӦЩĳһվ붨ҶҲͷ
ʦôˣ
ϻ誵ķӦļҺҶ춼µ˼֣ɽȣȴЩԣغһ
һ붨еϻ誸صʵ֮УתͷһĪͽܣʵţɽȣûо𣿡
оʲôʦôˣ
ɽغͿˣʦı̫ˣĪǹļҶʦģ
뵽ɽ׻˵ϲ⣬ǵĽʮģ˭֪ڶԷʲô˼
Сӣôԣ㶼ûоϻϴһ˿ŭǳô깦𣿡

ɽҿ˿ĶѪӦ£ȳŨһ㣬ҲԶԶƲϡԣְɣ
ףԭ
ϻҲ˼ӱ֮ˣͽܵı󣬶ʱоЩΣһ󲽣ǻܵʱʧˡ
Ԫ֣⡭Ǿ󷨣׹ϻ誣һץס˹ļҵ䡣
ϻ誵ɽʱ˵伮ɽ޽һ
ڴжȱʧֱҲδԸ¼Ϊڣ̲ס
ûϵܣȥ˵ɣϻ誳Ծӣļ̲סЦ
Ԫһֱ佱ϻ誵ʣΪһӵĹļҲЩζ
ڼ⾪㵵ӣļֱǳ˲ιһ㣬̹ˣôĻһɨա
УԪϸ磬һҪ˵
ļȥϻæ׷ȥ鵹İߵĺһ㣬ȫûƽࡣ
ʦô˰
վڱɽЩɵۣһ򲻹Цʦô¶⸱飿룬ɽæ׷˹ȥ
ֻǸһĴţɽȵξ;Ծŵȥһˡ
ߣȥ˵
վҶ쿴ɽΪԾףҲֶɹĿС
Ŷã
ɽѾȫʧȥ˼άˣһ㱾ܵĸҶôŪףΪ˴


577 
Ԫϸ磬Щ굽ôģСܺÿడ
뵽֮ϻѾָ򶨣ѼԼҪǻһζ׷δԵЩˡ
ʮĽ飬ϻ誻Ǽɳվ˵ҵҪȥֳʬǰȴǶãСһ֮£ͳ״ӵ˳
ļǻϻĸо鷢󲻾ãϰѧΪ뿪̨ܳһʱ䡣
ϵܣ˭֪ҹϵ˰
ʮǰЩĶǵ飬ļ̾˿˵֯ﶼаӣǰӳģºĺۼҲǴġ
ļ˵֯Ȼǹõĵ֯ˣ˲֪ǣ֮֯⣬ɹļһ
ڹļ֮ǰܽΣҲ֯Ϊжд̣һֱ֮졣
ļǺε֯в֣Ϊ˽Էһõģʵ֤ȷġ
Ԫ磬ǡЩ궼۶ȹ𣿡
ϻ˽⵱ʱļҵĴǶô겻ԼϵȴԹʣԪ磬ЩۣܶΪʲôͲСϵһ°
ΪĹѧʦϻε۵ĸУȥݽֽпǣŹļҾһζûп
˭۵ģ
ļҿϻ誣ЦЩһֱڷɽпϰ󷨣ʮ궼ûɽһϵϢ
ʲôڷɽϣ
ϻһ㶣̶޺޵˵ܿУཻʮ꣬Ȼһֱң
ϻ誾ͨɽ壬ͷɽܿʦҲཻĪ棬ÿ궼ɽ̸۷𷨾Ҫ
ֻϻôû뵽ԼǼİݰӴ磬ȻʮһֱɽϣܿʦȻһֶû¶
УͲҪˡ
ļҰ˰֣ɽûк͹ϵȻǵĻ˵ŵ顣
һԭǹļǱ޵ϰ󷨣ʮĹ¼ŶҲͻƵľ֮С
ʦ֣ʦ֣Ⱥȿڲɣ޲裬Ǵ֮Ҷײ߷ڶмĲ輸ϣЦŴ˵̸
ããԲƣҪԪϸһ
ϻ誵˵ͷһ˵ҹ۹֪࣬ԪָԵ񣬲֮ˣܼ֣ʵ˴ο֮ˣҾһ
ϵ꣬Ϊˣ
ļҲ豭һҪǰЩʱܵ˸պã˵ýҪЩ趼ɾˡ
ϻ課ŸоЩҶ죬תҶ죬˵ʦԪж֪˼Ƿϣ
Ҷ䣬ʮͷӣҲ˵϶ԪʮµͽܣɴۣԪļʻǺܴġ
ʦ֣ʦǰ𻯳ˡҶҡҡͷ˵ʦǰᵽʦ֣һʦֹȻ
˹ļ֮⣬Ҷ컹ǵһμ˵Ϊܽ뻯ϻȵѪ֮ʦҲѷһѡ
Ȱ˼ȥִ̨ⲻϣһ
ϻһʹҡҡͷҶʦֵģæˡһ꽫ֵ̨췭ظؾҶʦ˰ɣ
ԭϻ誻Ҷ쵥ǹƥȻɱʮӶŹļһֱڷɽУƺ˵ʲô
ļϻ誻е˼ЦϵܣǼºҿûʲôϵºϵСʦܵģҪˣҲδĶ֣
ŶҶʦȻ뻯ˣ
ϻһǷͬСɣɾҪҲǻʮ̤꣬뵽֮У֪мѡ
Ҫ˵ļܽ뻯ϻ誵⣬ҶôһʮҲźͬΪܲϻĪ
Եɺϰˣλʦָʵ
ҶЦЦȴǳԼΪн֣ʵɲԼһʵ
ãһҶʦܵĴ£һԷģ
ϻ¶οɫԪжܿһ˶ҲԵظеˡ
Ҷʦ壬ҡܷ£⣬ڵΪ˳ԣ
ϻ誺͹ļҶĶԻڸһʱɽ
ɽŴŨèצһ㣬޲Ҹطȥ
Ҫ֪ɽȽ밵ҲЩͷˣΪһֱͣͲǰԭϡ޷㹻ء
ǵкһֱϾͲˣֻҪҶڴɽԼܿܽ뵽۷ľ硣
ڴʱɽҲ֮ǰļΪλʦͽصǣӵôһأҲǲóȻõġ
ɽȣĹ򻹲Ұ
ϻѵһӣֻڿҶҲǶЦݣʵҶʦܣСͽʦ룬֪Ҷʦܷһأ
Դӽ뵽кϻ誶ʱҶΪʲôϵƺˣôԣãĲʲôġ
Ǻǣʦֿˣȷһ󷨣ʦģȴʦֵûʲôϵ
Ҷô֮£˸ȥʦ˵˵֪ϻ調ѯ󣬽ͶƵԪϡ
Ԫ˹ȻѧˣȻܻԭϹ󷨣ұв磡
ҶĻϻ誳̾һҶĻȻûоţҲ֪󷨺ԪѲϵġ
ʦʦҶʦ壬ҡɽʵ󷨵Ȥ֪Լܷڴ˵
ûϢСӡ
ϻЦһӣҶ˵ΪѾ߰겻ôҶʦܷٴһʱأ
ϻ誺͹ļҵĹϵͲҪȥѯʣֻҪҶͬˡ
ʦֿˣɽʦֶȥ۾̨ɣ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷ˵زͬڱǸ󣬺ԴԴϵĲ䣬ͲҪմġ
лҶ֮ɽ˳ȥ˹۾̨ϣվڹ۾̨ʱ˶ʱסˡ
˳ɽµĵƹ⣬ѵص·ֱ纣뵽˷ˮУ۾̨Ũļγ縵Ǵӷˮгȡġ
棬Ȼ޷ˮֵİվ۾̨ϣˮܿˣʱɽȲˮֵãĿɿڴ
ԭΪϻ誵ĵӣлһ˿԰Ǽһľֱ֮׻


578 Ʊ
ɽȥãҿͻص˱ҶѿɫʦνǴ⣬˷ͷ
Ҷ춷ȡʤĶ֮ҿʱЩΧ
߷ˮģҲռģ֮ҿǽǣЩҰڵĴ󸻺Ƕѹȥ
۷ˮеͬʣ˵ǽҿհ󣬸Ǽ֮£Ȼҿ˵һˮʦˡ
ҿͷԻûȣ֪ﻹԶʤʦֵܣǱ˹˲پƣźԶŵһӾζ
ʦܣ˲ٰɣ
ҿѾм̬ӣļҡҡͷ˵ϵܣҪ֮Ϊֵģ
ļҵĻҿǾʱ˼֣˿ܶʱһӾζȴǱھ˳
Ƴҿߵϻ誵ǰȥ˵֣ʶʮ꣬治֪֮ԨԴӭۣ
ҿԪΪʦǻᣬøϹڵĸ˶ƵԺϵʲôĺǼɻ䣬ԪἰĴ֮⣬û˵ϻ誡
ȻҶȴʱǡǡ෴˭Ҫиϵ޲ʮ綼֪ҲҶ֪ϻ誵ԭˡ
ϻ̧ݵ֣ҿһ£ЦϵܣҾǷʦһĺý
ϻ誶һ֪࣬ҿռַͻһԨԴ̽
ֻʱҿûãΪʮֵĽ˸д˹ȥڽ˴Ǵɣϻ誾û׷ȥ
ϻ޷ȥҿЦһ˵ʦ֣Ҳ֪ʦϲûõ˼ҵĸ˵а
ҿۣΪӱǳ˶ģڹѱŵ羪֮۵ĳȻҪβˣʱνǷǳĵ͵
ţϵܣҲ뻯ˣ
ɿҿֺϻ誷֣ʮǰû۷ҿȻҲǻΪͷһ
Ҫ֪뵽һʮȥϾûϣˣֹڴˡ
Ӱ뵽ֱһǵһٸϰ޵˵Уһܽ뵽е˶ûС
ӹഫЩνˣƳտնᣬ½ɰʵҲǻΪɼ⵽ſ֮ˡ
ϻ誶˷ɵĵ伮ƺЩ˵е֮⣬Ҳû˵ǸɾȻһųλֵġ
ҿҶͶȥһмĿ⣬˵ȫСʦܣҲܽ뵽磡
ҿûҶûоĺԺԼҪͻֱǳ˵һ㣬͹Ҷ죬һ㶼ûпʡ
ϻóҿֿ̲ס´Ҷ죬ԭѾҶ߿˲٣ûԼСˡ
ʦ֣Сܣҿɻ᲻˼İ
ͬΪ֣ϻǹɵѹҶһʹģϻ誵ĿҶ첻Ц
ò˼أһλΪĵӾˡ
ϻЦԸ֮ˣ뵽˵˿ûԸˡ
ɽǲˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʦҲӦй֮֮ӸޣڰΪˡ
ܶһЩС˵жܿ޵֮ˣὲǡ֡
ЩС˵УǼѵˣѧͿ죬֮ԵЩޱʦΪͽֵܶ顣
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581 飨ϣ
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κ쿴μҾ˼ʮҶլţг˸пҶҲ⵱үôͲ
һӭЩֻܽǰԺԺ˰Ҷլ˳κ˼ǲ³˼֡
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Ķ֮ǼĲ֪ˣⱲܺ͹쵼ͬһϯҲû׻ˡ


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ŷҡҡͷ˵СүԼȻȥλõģС׻ֻʮͷкܴϣλģˣΪŮЩġ
ŷɸȥʱĶӲʮ䣬űĺûκͷλôֲһСֱȥǻҲȫû˼
Ǿʮ࣬ĶӴ˿׳ʱڣں֮ҲԼ˵ȨһҰҲ᲻Ծġ
ƶԴİҲչ׻ҲױԼ뷨ȴһ̰壬ǾûǮ
ɲҪСǮںеãͺѡһÿһɹλͳӴĲֵ֧ġ


590 
ÿͳľѡڿһȫԵݽᣬλѡݽѲݽÿһѡŵԼǸõ;ҵᡣ
⻹еݽýع⣬ЩҪӴĽǮֵ֧ģûǮѡͳǾһЦ
Գ˻ʢǼͳ֮⣬ͳѡһӴŶΪ񣬲ĳЩΪѡṩӴľѡʽ
׻˵δСʣͳѡǣѡϴ˵ҲǺġ
ڹ⣬֯ĺᣬԷǷȡɫΪģܵİƶȼϽ䣬ʹ֯չ׳
īڰҪԷƷΪҵżҲ뵽˿˽͸ļôֵӪĴɫҵͼӹҵƷͬҲҪԴ֮һ
ȻЩУҲǳʽƶȣЩӴĲƸţɷϵǣʹͨİɳԱҲԶ˾Ĵ
ȻЩɵĴۻȡģκһλߣҲȥɻԱ棬һᾡܵȥǵĴһжҪĽǮΪ
ִϰ꣬ӵʮӵܵĳᣬǮþԵøҪˣΪܶھӪһЩ׬ǮĲҵЩҵӴάǵĵλ
λ޷ǴΪ棬ǼʹеĳУҲ޷õǵ֧֡ο׻ֻĶӣŲԷڡ
ԭΪƾԼöӳɹλģǺ֣еĸȻмӣϣ˲ˡ
µľԼܵӡЩǵ̬ȣ϶ּ˸һûй˽ĵ״ϣбһҪ׻Ϻͷλá
֮еĵһŹ棬ϽͬУȻִźװȴ޷ЭӵıҲֻܰչԴʱۺĲͱҪ
ʵμҵĹϵֻҪҪμҿ϶ᶦֵ֧ģⱾҲϺμҵ档
ǣޱȥһʱ϶˹ڣŵｻԼΪεļ´ѰֵεйܻԺͺеϵ˺ܶࡣ
ޱԼޱûǰֻǽȥ鴦
Ҫʽ൱ӴµЩְҵûȨ޲ȥǾȻؾܾ󣬲ºҲûޱͨ飬µλְҵˣֻǽһ
ܾ˵ʱΪŭټһЩμӵܵĿҲûȥޱκ֤׼ԼķʽȥѵһޱֶŮ
Ǹйܻ𣬾ŵģȻƼޱ˿ûзޱǾô˵
ϰԪͶʣֶεĲӴʽϷıת뵽ƿصһҹ˾ڣҲΪ£ޱŸϵ뵱͡
ŷɵĽͺҶһᣬʵ裬ͶʧǮܷ׷أ
ޱҡҡͷ˵׷ˣҿԽǸ֮йܹϵ׷ǵķΣ
һ£ޱ˵С죬貢ںǱǮǷ׷أϾҲǰ͵Ľ飬Ǯ͵һЩɡ
ޱԣԴӾ˳̽һĸ֮Ǯҵ˵ѾǺҪˣ֮Զһִҵ۹ֻǳһΣЩµһõĹ޶ѡ
ޱҾ㲻üˣʵ֮ȥݷùҲһ˵Ѿ飬;ԲٺڣʹǴҲһߵڵġ
ŷֶԸΪ˽⣬Щϱӿı춼ޱǸǼǲܵ飬ޱʹҲ޲ġ
һߵڣôţ
ŷɵĻҶ̲ͫסԴӵ֮һΣУû뵽ΣȴԺţҶΪˬ
׻Э֪һ㣬轫ЩɷȫȻƽЩɷݣ˾ִơ
ŷ̾˿ޱ˵֮ǰǰ㵹ǺãԼͶˡ
ܺϴΰףܻѲɵ¹ģĳЩʱǻԥĶһЩֶԼĿģЩֶκܲ
ŷɴСκסһʱ䣬μҵĹϵҪһЩ֮ǰǲ֪£֪֮ȴǺԥվޱһߡ
裿˭ҶЦ׻ֻأ
ۣҶ˵۾ԼļˣΪޱҶ컹ʮֵ˺ޱǾԷҶĴɡ
ŷһ£˵ģ׻߻ģδ֪
⺢ӣôˣ
ޱҲǼ˵ˣ̺ʱ򣬱ȴʱնĻ£Щġ
Ҫ֪ںСʱ򣬾͸ޱһˣʱޱԶӵǻ˼飬עϣ˵һ㣬ޱôû뵽ԼĶӣھȻֶԼ֣ѵʮ֮һĲֵ
裬Ӧף̰˵ԭ֮һġ
ĵӣҶ§סޱļתŷɣʵڲھɽɽ׻ںδ
ǰҪ뿪˾ɽɽĻƱгӦǷطˡ
һԼĹĸ¶ȥĻʹܻЩɷݣҲȫƿǸҵ۹ģϾźܶҪλϵˣǵޱµϳӡ
ȻЩûһǲŵĺĲ쵼ǻһȴҵ˲ܲģޱµʱڷԱӡ
׻أҶ׷ʵ
Сүʲô
Ҷڶѯ׻ϢŷɵЩţ׻ǺõСү֪ҲǺʮӵĶְɣ
Ҳʲô
Ҷ˰֣һŵĶŷɣ˵ʦԸţ


591 
СүҪţŷȫû뵽˻ش⣬һʱ䶼ЩɵˣȻŷһֱڿƺҶΪСүʵûнҶ쵱ɺġ
Ҫ֪Ԫı֮ߣʹڶʮʮĴϺܳңǶϻƽ֮ӱ϶ԣԪͽͽ
Դھ֪Ҷıֺ󣬶ŷص֮ϸĲףϾ˵ı֣ҪԸڵʱϻЩͺйϵİġ
һ֮£ŷɷ֣ǻĺУȻҲм˺Ԫ൱Ѿ߰ʮǰˣȥˣЩǵĺˣҲҪԪϺüˡ
仰˵ҶҪţͽΪʮӵܵʦү֮磬Ҳܼ
Щѻ˵ˣҶ㼴ʹ뵽棬ͷҲģһʵʵȨûв˵һ⵽˵ļޣֱǳֺõ顣
˵⻰ˣһǲ˽ƶȵˡ
ںŻУݱ֣ԶǱλģʦ棬ǽᱻеĺӵΪɱ֮ˣҲǺѵ֮һ뵽ÿһλӵܵĹ֮С
ϻƽ֮ڴϺĿνǷˮ𣬽ʱգֻ֪Ϻͻƽˡ˲֪ǣʾ֭뵽е£ԴԼĽλ
ҶЩŴУЩϺ̲ʼ쳣Щʲô飬ֻҪһ绰ӣǶϻǻƽ٣ԹԵȥ
ȻղͬգеĹҲûǰôˣҶııϵĻҶԻΪΪֿȵ
Ҫ֪ֻаʦһ·ߵģֻҪнˣ˭ԼҲ˵ܶӵܻѾķˮĴǣûʦ
Щûаʦˣǿ԰ҶΪʦҲɴԼڰеı֣һеĺӵ֮ˡµʱᶯ˼ġ
Ҷ죬ö˶˵ŸʲôѽȻͺŽܣޱںŲǺ˽⣬ӡֻһĻ֯Ҫ˵һЩźʮڰҲûʲô
ޱǳ˼ңСӴĶ֪Ļç캰Ŵɱɱţʵлһ˿мġȻöӼᣡ
裬㲻ŷ׵ġҶЦҡҡͷת˶ŷɣʵҪŵĿģ𣿡
סˣСүãֻҪţںеĸϾͻᱻҵģҶĻԭеĶŷɣܿ˹Ҷŷɲɴ
֮ںȨһԾŶһƴɱıֺܸߣǽǰ˶ļ֮һ
Щԭ˴ޱֻи̫ѿȴ˻ṫָģϾޱǺˣҲ㻵˹ء
ҪҶŵĻȫˡ
ӱ϶ԣҶҲʦүģݾ;ںӦеĵλгֵˣҪ乧ĳƺһүǰҲᾡάҶӡҪǣҶһţ֮ǰΪͷʽĵһŹ棬Ǿǣ֮󣬶ĸ֮ĸֵüֵ֮ã֮ɩֶ֮Υ
ֵ֮Ҫ˶ԴΪҶ죬ǲö˵ˣһͷöõĻѡ
á֪߲֡仰Ϊдǣ׻ȱҲټΪޱˣҪޱԸṩԼ֤ݣʧһٶԪ³
ŷ˷һ󣬺Ȼһ£ϱЩѿ˵Сү뷨ȻãʽţҲô׵飬кܶ˶ͷ϶ڰȻھʮٿ״ᣬϺԼڵ̨Ȱеǰ뵽ż֮УҲܲҵԪ֣ڵЩŴǣδؾͿϳҶǸߵ˵ı֡
ϣҶüͷһ˵ҰʦҪѹȥˣչأֻҪһʽͿԳΪŵһԱ˭Ҳϣ
ŷԿЦһ˵Сү鲻ô򵥵ģʦ˼ҵıʵ̫ˣûƾûݵģΪʲôҪĻأŷ֮ҶĻ۵ԶΪ֤ģδҲһԶĻ׼ңȫԲҶݡ
û£ʦΪ˹ĶҼţĺƣһܶԵϵġҶȻ˵ҪŵĻȻ׼ġһ֮Ҷʵŷɣں֮еĺ˭㳤˭֮еȼɭϣΪصı֮ΪƻʣǰͷȴְȨ
ƻ֮£ͳϽŵͷϴˣͷ棬ηΪͷ͸ͷȫɽãݽͷ
ǱɽԪε֤õ㳤ִ̡ȸõ졢졢졢ִյλ´үںоǵλԺյĴС
ν죬ʵָĺŴܼңר
ִܼұݲرߣȴܵڰôүԼֵܣзʩټֵȨҶҪһں֮дã
ںȨȺҪ˺ܶ࣬һݶΪſ䣬ֻںΪҪвŻ֣ҶҪţҪõˡ
Сүҵˣ㳤²˭ҶĻ󣬶ŷʱ׹ˣλүҪں֮пˡ
Ҳ£ĪʶģҶһ£ӷɿתĪԶҶʶ棬ƺֻԶźͺеĹϵڻ̽ۺǺҪ£Ķ󣬸㳤θλǿġ
ûϣڣúټֵܣҵΪСүһã˾ŶǴο״ᣬѾźܾˣͷز꣬ŶӿҶ˴δãԿԳ֮Ϊŵһʢᡣ
ˣŷɣںʲôְλŷӣҶвмֺ棬ŷ¹ǰͷӣںеĵλҲܵ͵ġ
СүǺãλûáŷɺٺһЦȴмԵãػغ֮󣬱زԴͷֱΪ˺ŵŷɱںи񣬴˴λ˳£ûʲô顣


592 ɱ
ţãŷɣĵλǲͣΪûȡͷ˼
ҶЩؿ˶ŷһۣҪ֪õݽͷڰеĵλߣͷز£ܶ鶼ġ
Сү˽ңȻЩЩ궼ڴμҵ飬ڰеӰȴԶһЩˡ
ŷɿЦһ˵׻ƹãʵȨҶҪܶġ
׻˵ǹȨ׻ȻеװԸˣµЩˣһ壬ڿ׻֮ǰҪصĵһµġ
μȫ֧ĻλĻм֣
ҶЦνӰʵûеôǿģڽǮǰһж߹ԭսʱ򣬼˶ڷǸ˲ڽĳ˵ĽԪ߽
λССүڿЦɣ
ŷɱҶ˵һ㶣ⷬҲһ˿ſǴź⻪˵һͷϴλãúܶΪ֮ġ
ǶŷɵĸҲǺͷһӶΪͷԿںʷһμѻȻŷǰûͷ˼ҲҶ˵Щˡ
ҪԭϵĲҵܺ׻һ£ֵİա
ŷ˼һ¶Ц˵ʧأܶҵͣʽǶϵˣ֧֣ܳɹλİҲɣ
ޱǸŵ״ŷɻǷǳ˽ġ
һйܻè壬˲еʽ𣬺ܶĿΪܶط˹˾һãټҵ۹б̵Ŀԡ
ԶŷޱܸһЩ֧֣ҲǷǳ޶ȵģڵޱóһǼǳѵˣɰգѾǰοҶ˵ˡ
ôͣ
ŷɵĻҶüͷ˵ŷɣ㸸ǰô˵ҲǺŵͷ磬нʱյʢ㸸ѲϵģѵûЩ֧𣿡
ĩʱγɵᡣչڣȻҲǽǮ˧ʵǣûйϵںоǴ粽еģǮ˶ȥˣѵǶܳΪϴ
׻Ǻõݣȥͷı
ʹޱƭȡϰԪʽ𣬵˵ͷˣͨλö첻ϣйĴͳڡ
ŷҡҡͷ˵СүɵİգЩˡ뿪ʱ̫ˣڰеһЩѲʶˣЩǻ˵ĻһɰնûС
׻˵ǰˣǰɳ̲ϣİᣬλãǼһӵģ֮ΪеһЩɣҲóȻȥֵλˡ
Ϊһˣؽ֮ȫսִһƵĸ˭ܲģǾǺĬرƽ⡣
ǶڰɵײвԱԣûֹ˼ˣ̵ʱǵʻǷǳߵģܽһȾƣͺͷˡ
ԵײвԱĺܿ죬ʮ֮Ҳ֪ˣŷɺЩˣûʲô
ѡͷЩвԱ֧ҲǷǳҪģҲ˶ŷɵĶ̰壬֮ǰûλ˼
ŷɵĽͺҶĬһᣬȻ̧ͷȣ˵ȣȥϢɣʮСʱķɻҲˡ
ҲۣЩֵؿҶ죬˵˵ľҲܺðүģǾ޼֮ģõʱġ
ҡҺû˵
Ҷ챻ȵĻֱۣ¿Сй˵ر׼ǶĻĲ죬ȴڴ˿̱˳
ҶðȺޱط˼Щ̸ܿǲ뱻ĸǰľԴȴ޷Լ˼
С죬ʲô»֧أ
ȻʱĴǺޱǱıͰȵЦ˵ӣڹ˼ʮ꣬һֵֻʮԪĲҵչΪӵԱۺԼţ˻ǼһЩģ㲻š
ޱһҲдɫˣϺ󻧼ҵǧС㣬һȳΪÿҪȥׯڵɻ֪࣬Ȼֶһ˴ŷ˵дһҵ档
ʮޱΰɱüζڶǰģﻹɱϵһ棬ҲܻӴĲƸͱ̵ͷʣˡ
裬ǰе飬ûҪ֪
Ҷ죬ޱ˵ҪŵùҵĻͰȵȥɡ
ͥǼͥǽҶôͨ붼飬ҶҴûв˿Ӱ죬Ȼĸ׶ģҶȴýеķʽ
㰡ôŲأ
ޱΰοЦȻֵúǿƣҲǶԼһֹذޱлǷǳõġ
ޱվ԰֣˵ȣǽɣҶȥ飡
ǣˣ
ȸޱڽ뵽ʱ򣬵ޱС˵ˣŷ޵ѾˣͿԵִɽɽڣ뿪ﲢѣ
ޱ̾˿ͬ˵֪ˣǲҪŷͻɡ
ţԭĸҲȫ׼
űϵʱҶǱһ¡
ޱͰ̸ʱȻСӲҶĶģû뵽һֱ򶨵ĸףȻôһ֣
˵ڰ˵ŷ֣Ҷ컹мȤ֪ΪʲôЩģȻֻҪǵˣܽĸ׸ɽɽ
Сү˵ʲôѽ
Ҷʱ򣬶ߴ˶ŷɵҲЩͷԣҶ쵽ʲôҪޱˡ
ŷɵĻҶعżɽ˵ŷɣҲӣ׻мλİգ
˴飬ǺֱӵģǺͲͬˣҶЩ˵ĵһѡ
Ե˵ĿݣǶԼĲ̣ѾҶΣյĸоȻҲĴ
Сү˵ʲô
ŷȻ˵̩ɽǰɫ䣬ҲǾ˵ģɾҶƮƮһ仰ȴ˵Ȼɫ䣬ƨ˻һ㣬͵شɳϵ
˵ҽ׻ܲƿסţŶŷɵ۾Ҷһһٵ˵


593 
УԲУ
ҶĻ󣬶ŷɫ䣬ֵСүȻҲλǲкֵܵ飬
Ȼڸ˸˽ϣŷɸϼ壬ҲǴСĸִּҵķʽλŷζǲܽܵġ
ͻȻĻȻںһȻ󲨣˭ɹλҲҪ׷λŷԼ͹ȥġ
㵹Ǻܽ尡
Ҷ쿴˶ŷһۣ΢΢üͷѣȻԼĵˣûжŷɵϣʹӵĻȥұ˺ĸȻǸܴ
Ҷ쵹һݵĸɵһ̫ƻȻԼ˵֮ǰͶܵȥˣʹҶҲǱ޳Ī
СүҿͰ֮ǰ˵ģʽ뵽֮аɡ
ҶɫŷСĵ˵ֻҪȷСүںеĵλ׻ǾĵӣҲΪĸӵģǿдɡ
ŵӱ鲼أڶŷĵĹע£Ҷ̨Щ飬ŷҲ֪һģ֪ǰ˸ղǷɲһ˵ģҶɱġ
ҶǸͨˣŷɻԵڿЦҶʦݣöŷɽû˸Һŵв
ðɣǾȼźˡ
ҶЦЦؿŶŷɣ˵֮·ϣҪǲ𳤱ǲǾͿԳֽѵأ
ȻȻԣСүͲܰ˼һ𣿡
Ҷɱδŷ̲סЦҶǰ˺֮бҪȥ̸̸ˡҶĶ֣ԻΪ׼ҵһجΡ
ɣȲˣһ¡
ҶվȥԼӰóһص˿Զŷ˵ʦдµŰмһҪպáʽɺҪ黹ҵģ
ִŵʽѾüࡣֻҪ˽ܣðʦʽ󣬾ͿԳΪŵˡ
ڽǰҪһ֯ȴҪ鷳ܶ࣬ûʦˣźֻǸͨӣûκελԡ
ҪͨʦţؾҪϵĶˣҪȾһڡȵ˺ʦŰãʽļС
ֺŵӣһźı־ͻԶʦı֣ǵϺͻƽٵˡģڰĵλҲԴڴˡ
ҶóϣԪдںеʦԼͬŵ֣ȻҶˣԪרõ֤αΪҪһ㡣
Ҫ֪ʱǷ帴֯峯ͳ£еΪҪнУΪ˲ٸʶǵݣеĲѧ֮ʿ
ȷ˵ʹһμĺŵ֣һƶֹһšһ˵ͤ塱ֵҲ֮ԭгҲΪ񲯡
̸͸γɵݺϵͳκ֯޷ģ֮֯ܣҲɴ˿ɼһߡ
ԪڵĺУÿ˶жӦݵЩﶼдŵ伮֮Уֻƹ񲿵˲֪ǿͨĲѯȷӵα
Сүģһ鴦ã
Ҷó˰滹Ԫ˽ӡŷɶʱⶫʹ˵ѣҲԾҺԳһ֧Ҳ޷иġ
Ҫ׼ʱ䣿Ҷʵϲֺܶ鶼Լƿصĸо
СүҲҪһڡ
ŷһ£˵ʦүţһȻ󲨵ģصĺ֯˲μӴ˴ʽġ
ͨţʽȻܶ򵥾Ͷ򵥣Ź澴ͷˣҶ첻ͬҪǼţؽΪ֮бߵһˣƱػкŴеע⣬ʹ͵첻
һڣҶһ£˵ϣһڲǣ
Ҷ֪˵ֶΣޱȻͺԨԴϾǺˣ׻˵Ļпܽޱ롱һطҶĻ󣬶ŷæ˵Сүģ»Щʹöˣһñ˾ŵģ
Ȼֻ̲ǺŶʹڲԱĻŷĺŴУҲԼ׵ģ⺷֮Ҳǲ٣ͱ˳Եʣˡ
УȥŰɡ
Ҷ˵ͷһ˵ĻͲῼЩ⣬ĸ׸ߣҶȴЩͶûн֮ǰͺŷͻ
ǣСүȥţ
˳ͳ׷󣬶ŷɲŷ֣ԼĺѾȫˮʪˣŷɻʮ꣬ǵһĳ˵ǰųӡ
µȫסƵĸڣͨĿǲùܣǰҪǽȥ
µƵú󣬶ŷɶɳϵȺһ֣¶һ˿ɫֲӲҪסֻҪˣſ˸Ҵ򣡡
үԼ˴Լˣ˱ŷɵĻһɽɽǺڵĵطŷôүλò
ŷ̾˿˵ļ˵Ҫȶ֣ռסУҪˣ
ǣүͷӦ˵ŷɵǵһλģںţҪڶŷɵ־֮ˡ

Ҷ죬ǲ붯壿ŷߺޱͰȴӷ˳
ʱᣬҼ֮ҪǻʲôСҲ⶯Źȥǵģ׻ҿԴ
ҶЦһĹ۵㻹ǺܲǶ׻ûôˣ˾ȻĸеĲƲǲ֪θûôˣ
Ǿͺãʵǿ뿪ɽɽģȥŦԼҲûʲô취֪׻ԼޱͲɽɽˣŦԼǱ߿ɻһ̯ӵȥġ
ĸ׵ĻҶʱղŰȵĻɺʵˣ裬»һЩ˰Ƕʲôˣ
ô֪ģ
ޱֵؿ˶һۣҲû£˵ĺˮ˾Щɷݣù˾齨һţɵĶǸ۵ֱֻһ˸𣡡
ھʱޱͶһ˾һ½սӵļ۾齨ĹӶͱ˾˾ҵʱ򣬳ޱĻϰ֮⣬˾ֻԱ


594 ˮ˾
Ȼ֮ˮ˾ֻˣˮ˾ĴʼˣǴֲ۵ϱͽ̹٣˾һʼĶλǸṩ˽˰ͬܿͷչ
ȵ֮󣬺ˮ˾˹ӶҵΧнԸҺ͵һַǳѸ͵ٶҵаٷ֮ʮϵĳˮ˾ҵ
ޱ֮ǰפҶߵˣǺˮ˾ΪļӶޱǵĹӶͨˮ˾ġ
Ϊˮ˾ĻͶߣޱȻδ뵽˾Ĺȥȴܵӵһ֧˽˰Ĵ
ޱ֧飬ǸֱȻֻжʮḻսϸ֯ɣȴǺԶԶ޷֮ȵġ
ޱ˵ЩӶԽɽɽ޵ķʸŵ˹ȻǺܶ࣬ڸӵĳлУȫޱȫĴȥ
֮ǰޱص˹ڣ´ôһȺ̫ۣǾȥŷ޵һûһصʱҪõǡ
ǰ˵ĽܺҶһ£˵裬ˣȸǻŦԼɡ
ߡҶǻŵĸоĺʽǣ֮иλз棬עһ˳ģֻнĸװúãҶܷʩΪ
ޱҡҡͷ˵С죬Ҫ߾һߣ費׼Լ
ȻҶûԼǰʲô飬ޱ֪ԼӾԲǸʡ͵ĵƣھɽɽ֪ǳ
衣ֻҷģ½ҴˣŦԼɣ
ĸҡͷҶ԰ʹ˸ɫȻЦͷİɣںűּߣЩϵϼһǲҰôģͰȶǺˣûʲôã
ǰˣҶģھɽɽ¡Ҷ졣ɸںޱİΣεǿҶɫȰ
ޱЩԥʵɲӰݵǰ㹷Ѫ֪ԼǸ׸ƫƫߡ̫
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ǺðɣȻŦԼԼСĵ㣡ޱһ£ͷͬԼȷֻöӷģǲ뿪ˡ
ãҲˣ裬Ǿͽвڷ԰ɡ
ӦҶﲻ˿֪ˣЩŴ޵η֮ˣ֮ҪǺеġ
Ҫ֪ǻ۵Ƕˣ޷ĸ飬Щǣңµʱͻǣ޷ʹԼľﵽԲľ硣
ĸùͣҶһµƵתһȦܸоõһЩĿⶼشԼӦþǶŷˡ
ȻĳȥʶĻ˳Уκĸ׵İΣҪ¥һȦ֮Ҷ췵ص˷
ھɽɽȹ˵һҹڶһʱҶ췿еĵ绰ŷɵӻͲﴫ˳Сүм˺ҵ˷ЩͻӦְҵӶҪҪȥǣ
ˣǽɣŷɣҲסɣ
ҶЦһΪѾоˣмѪͨΪǿˣԼӽţؾĸ׵Щˡ
СүټЩ֡
绰һ˵ĶŷɱҶ˵ͨ죬ʵȷҶ˵ʮˣûܵסĸ⣬ȫŵ˾ƵС
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ȣȵȣȴ绰ʵһ£
ոչҶϵ绰ſھȴǼҷŵҶæסΪǼ˵ϣҶܵһΣյϿ϶ġ
ҶķԸ绰󣬵˵ͷ˵ûǵˣ
Ŷװİȣ㳤ñǰҪˣŶˣҿҪˣ
һ򿪷ţһеĵ˾ͳŰ˹ſҪһӵ
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͸׵һˣӦҲǼѸ٣ƷɢҶΧм䡣
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Ҷ΢΢˵ͷ⼸˵ȻǸСҪһЩԸȴ㹻ˣĸ׽ǣҶҲܷġ
ס֣׵£˵Ķӡڳͻʱ򣬰ȵȻҶѵһڻļһʱȻʱ
ϰĶӣ
ȵĻļ˿Ǹ׵£ǹϵʱ򣬶Ǹ϶ȻɢһеļµϢ
Ϣ׵µμѵӪʱ򣬶һɽбȺΧʱĸоͷƤһ飬ͽǹ˳
ɡҶɨһĸˣת߽˷䡣
ϰã
ޱҲѾˣ׵¼˺ǹãܴһе۱ݻȫǰŮ͡
׵£ôĸ˹ˣޱ΢΢üͷ
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ô£ޱ˵ͷ˵ãҳȥĸҶ죡
ǣ׵¼ӦһúҶϴЩŸղǹΣյϢȻǴǰϷġ
ȣʰûУǳȥɣ
ͷڼڵľɽɽҶĸоǸҩͰޱһ죬ͻһΣգֻĸ뿪ҶķſֽţӺúýһ


595 
ھɽɽ˽ֵһЩƾĺԺլӣǰռǧƽ׵ЩլܣǱҵ̰Χš
ӵؽּۻ۵ЩլȴȡԿܶլﶼЩͷ׵е塣
ڶǵһԺʮ壬вʱٹķǺ֮ڡ
һʮĸߴˣЩߣЩ淶ģʱʱĻ߳һŻһ£ŵǻᴫһЦ
ү绰үģһװģⳡϸˣᲽߵ˵ǰ
Ĺ⣬СӲǺеΪμҵ֪𣿡
׻Цһ˵ߵʱҴææºǺųϹϵôִ绰ˣ
׻ı丸һ׾ŵߣϵӥӣȴǽƻˣȥôһ˿ĸо
ʱ׻ΪʢʱڣԴ̫Ѩ߸͹˫֮侫磬˲ұӣͶ֮䣬ʦ緶
վʮӵУ׻ֺȺĸоֻԺ̫СѾɲ׻͵Ұˡ
үͽӻƷСҲʲôö
׻ߵȻú˹ģһȴ쳣ĴֱɣҲɢһӲçϢ
Ĺ⣬⻰Ұ
˵Ļ׻Ц˼ģ˵СӾǺıĶ˲һǺŵӵܡ
Ĺ⣬ĸԭõһλͽʮǰһ̵սʮ˵Ĺںų԰ټҷġ
ʹϲ赶ŪĺӵܲͬĹСѧϰͷǳĺãǿ˹ѧķרҵҵ֮͸׻ǺһӢĴ
СںѬĿȾĹȻֵʿһ˵¡ȴǺЩСѧûҵĺŵһ޶׻ϲ
߽Ժã׻˻Ͳ˵˵ʱ䲻Ҫϵôָ㻢绰ˣ
Ȼѡ˺Ƕȳˣ׻ǴеĵģоǺеĴɡ
壬˵ҹùѾ˾ɽɽˣ
绰һ˵Щͳ˵ľɽɽȵķޣϿյùȴЩðˡ
֪סϣپƵ档
ھɽɽûʲôŵĶĿޱһ·ɻ׻֪ˣû뵽ŷɻǰӭӣļƻЩССı䶯
ʵ׻ޱҲʶ˲ʮ꣬ҪޱСϼ꣬ЩһֱƺΪ㡣
塣ǡΪλùýӵȥ
ЩУ֪ޱںеţֻҪȥŦԼܲεķ粨һᱻѹȥġ
ȻѾ˰ʮڣЩǮǻҪ׻һ𣿲ޱϣɻڵĲƸء
Ѿ׼֣ʱԽޱǸҵ۹Ȼǰ׻߳ɹޱǩɷתС
£Ҫ𣿡
Ļ׻ͻȻһ䣬ЩǲܼģʲôݣҪǴȥᶼɺܴӰġ
ǻ壬ѵðùȥŦԼǰʱȫ׷ˣңǱǮҲ޷ȥˡ
Դ󼱣ѾвˣҪ֪ǱʽԪʽ𣬿ɶϣһǮû
ţвң׻ɫЩɭ
ҲеԼЩˣæ͵Ķأ壬ùҪ˵ĳЩϵĻпܽʽⶳģʱǮȥ
˵ⷬǲ٣Ȼ˴εΪļ޷죬ʮԪûƽֶͨβϵؽת˺ϴ
ʱ̫̣Ǯܻмѭģޱ˵Ŀ׷ȥǮ׷صġ
£
׻һ㶣תͷĹ⿴ȥĹͷ֮ɫɻ˼֣˵ˣ֪ˣİɣ˾ɽɽģ
Ĺ⣬С˵ģõʽ绰Ͳܴ׻֪Ĺһġ
ųûԡ
Ĺ˵ͷЩֵʵүΪβޱһ·ɻʱͿأүزҺɣ
׻ҡҡͷ˵ɸҼϵܽҲΪºַ
Ȼŷ뿪ʮ꣬λʱЩײڣڶɳΪ˺ŵмҲһɲС
׻ȻŷɣͷĹؼʱҲ֦ԭĶŷƵԼĶǱȥοִҲȻӲĶ䡣
үô죿Ĺʵ
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ȿڶŷɵϣ׻úܹ֣ǣǱʾ޿Ҳ˲ôˣûǮиϵŵΪһЦ
ĹӦһתҪߣ׻ֺס˵ˣðһȥ˲˼ֵ⣬ߵˣǲôġ
֮󣬺źμұȻ˺ģ׻⽫øһ㡣
׻˵˵壬׻ǳұأͲںޱºı˶ˣүǻĺ

ϰ壬氲ȫ
׻´ͬʱޱһҲͳ׷ǲûֱӳµײ㣬¥ʱͨƵڲԱĵݣ˾ƵŴ
һȴװ˷ͺı۳ͣھƵŴھ뱼۳ʮĵطվ߰˸Щ׵ˡ
ڸµ˵ӵ£ޱͰ˱۳ϡ
СүһҶѾ۳һֻ˻
Сүҵûã׻ڸȥŦԼܱܷͷҲá
ҶǰŷһĲֳһ˿ʧΪҶı⣬Ҫޱһ뿪ء
ȻŷɲûжԳɹλ̫ϣҶĻһЩ뷨Ҷ뿪û˿Ļˡ
Ҳߣȥ֮һٻġ
Ҷ쿴һ۶ŷɣ˵ǲסˣⰲһסһ绰ġ


596 
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Ҷ˵ߣŷЩϲ׵˼ʻλϺ󣬵ĸʻλϣڸŸ׵µļˣ˶ŷɵĳӡ
ϣٴƵСճ󣬳ɽɽһϻʻȥޱЩˣ˿̶Ⱥ
ӸոʹһЩƹСĽֵʱһ˿ľդ˵·м䡣
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ŷɣǺŻͨ󰡣ﾹȻҲ·ϣ
ҶЦЦؿһ۱ɫǺĶŷɣ˵ȥ
Ŷȫһϰ壬ˣ
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۳βһ壬ִͻȻһ⣬ӵٶȶȻ
һһٰˣģ۳ڲϵļ٣Х·м׵·ײȥ
顱һ죡
ϵҶֻоһľͷ·Ѿȫɢˣԭվ·ԵʮˣľͶ㵽һߡ
̫ˬˣ
׵ڳ㵸ЦѵӪѧϰɱ˵ļɣȴ˰ƽʱѵôմ̼顣
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׵±ȵĻһæʵʵļʻ˳ӡʱȴһֱڶʮϣСʱ󣬳ʻһ˿ķɻڣԭһû֮ȴǱɽɽһЩǸĽ˿Խʱ˽˻
ܵᾭõ֮⣬ȴӲݴеĵطһ˶ߣҶĸӦЩӲ֮УŶʮˡ
׵ֱӽӿܵϣͣޱǼ˽˷ɻ
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ĸ˳ٳٲϷɻҶЦ裬ȹȥиʮµҲ͵ŦԼˣ
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Сү߰ɣ
ҶĻ˵Ķŷͨ죬ʵ׻ɳں֮ѾǾˣҶУȴں֮ڡ
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׻ղ·оѾҶɱȻͺżԨԴһûʽţҶҲδͺŴԺû˿ĸ顣
Сү׻ֻ·ϣӦò˺ޱ˼ҿţȻٽ°ɣ
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ϰ壬ϰǼ㣬ʲôָʾ
Ҷ컹δ˵ԭɢܵĸ׵¼˾Χ˹һ˷ܵҶ죬ȴ˷ɻȥЩˣǼԸǵ鷳
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׵µĻҶ˳ھͽĻ˵˳ֻ뵽ڹ⣬ͣס졣
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һ֮Ҷ쿴ŷɣ˵һ徻ķӣҽʽ֮ǰϣҪٴŵңҪҳˣ
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СүסԺȥɣ׻ٽᣬҲȥ£
ŷΪŵôУȻյʵȨ׻ݰˣ׻Ҳ·ϵġ
ӷصʱٶȻûôˣһСʱʻ뵽ھɽɽ˽ͣ
Сү߹ȥɣǲн֣ģ
ʵ˽ֺ棬һԽӿõģõڰ֣ŷ½֦ҶǷͻ
ãһû˽ءҶ˵ͷ˳ɽɽ˽ֿϰʷˡ
ܾĲɽ˺·ˣΪеףΪ˷׳Լ
ԶѪзչĵطҶǳģ˽־Ǻ⻪һӰ
ڲǺܿĽֵϣҶص˹һ㣬ߴĶϤͨ·ߵƸĿĺ֡
ţֺŶ
ҶǰǸ̽ϺȻдľǡͬá֣Ƶæµӣƺܲ
СүеĴƷƣ˽жУﻹиɫСԣһڶܳԵõ
ҶĻ󣬶ŷɲЦƺÿһ˽ֵĹʿ¶Ҷı
ڣҲԲڵζ
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˽Ҷ컹֣һЩŶ̴εˣߵĶŷɾϹ
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Ҷ˽һ·󣬶ŷɹ뵽һСһЩʯĴţһƬĺԺҶǰ
Ǻڰɣ
ڹҲܽԭ֭ԭζϾǵĺԺҶлЩпģ¹ڹ˼ﻹġ
׵Ǽܽ𣿡
ǹǰ̫ƽУǺˣǿɱΪεġ


597 Ҫ
ҶĻ󣬶ŷָĺԺȦ˵Ǳаѵĵط׵ǿסȥ
ȻǴĻ˰ɣڹ֮Уȫ˵ظųȥҲ̫ܡ
ȻΪĵĵطǲ˽ģͨĺӵܣҲûʸ룬Ľ䱸൱ɭϡ
үס棬µ绰ϵǾˣ
׵ҲհȶҶؽзƺȫǻ˵ĵطоܲϰߣʱһ˫۾ڶһ㡣
УǲҪ¡Ҷ˵ͷø׵µȥˡ
Сүסǰɡ
׵µ뿪󣬶ŷǰ·Ҷ췢֣ĺԺûʲô˰֣һ·϶װͷһֻӬѳء
Сүǰ͵ˣȲþǣסɡ
ƬĺԺڰǰ޽һֱΪҪľסͰ칫ҲǺĵڡ
ţŷɣк˲
Ҷ˳ŶŷָķһۣüͷʱΪӦǱʮƺ˶ŷɵǰ
ûа
ŷֵҡҡͷպ߹Ǹ䴦һǰŵΣ˫üɵ
׻ǸʲôŷǰһȻǺܸߣվһ׾ŵ׻ǰȴһ㶼
ɸ磬û˼˽ң׻ָҶ죬ʮֵļ
Ҫ
ŷ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ӣҺ׼ҹϵǳҲǴС㳤ģɸȰһ䣬Щˣǲģ
Ƕŷɸ׵ϲ£ҵĹϵԭãŸȥ˶ĶżЩ˥ܣںеǰҲǶŷɻصڵҪԭ
׼ҷӣںе൱ҪְλԶŷҲôˣҲҵ
׻ںе׳ɣƽЩмӣʵʹȴ̲ЩŷɶУҲ׻в
ɸ磬صˣǲǸ׷ԸģҪšһѰģ
ŷɵĻ׻ɫͻȻһ䣬֪ŷɶˬڵλҲҪǾͽ̧˳
ʵ׻ҲôͺͶŷɶϣֻȥˣûܽصޱ˵ޱĶӲû뿪֮Ŵ˶˶ŷɵǰ
ǲ֪°ɣ
ŷЦһ˵ӣЩ鲻Ҫ̫ˣ˱һٶڣŸϾɱҶҵĹͣںУû˿Զ
ŷҲǶԴҶţȻ˶ſҪˣ¶ҪǴȥĻں֮һ涼ûˡ
ɸ磬ĲСӣ
׻ɫΪϸףŷôŶҪһӣû뵽Ȼؾ˾
׻ȥɣһȥݻġŷɰ˰֣ߵһȺõǰ˵ôţ·𣿡
ү侲
վ׻Ĺ°ڣҪ֪˵ؿǺãǵһһܵܶ˹עġ
ңɸ磬Ըܻһӣ
׻ҧҧͷߣҲֻ㬸뿪ˣйغܴ׻ҪǸҶԶŷɶ֣ס
ǲ֪
׻ʱԼͶĿ⣬Ҷҡҡͷȥǲαװ֮󣬽ʼնǽˡ
Щ㵽ǺŹﻹǱǿʳĹ׻УҶֻǸ׵ĸһ㡣
ֻ׻֪ҶֻܰԵͷӶʣһ˿
Сү׻Ϊ˶СҪСЩ
׻ɽʵȨţŷɶҲ޿κΡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ץȥŵɣеĻһԼ¡
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ǣСүһᴦõġŷһݣҶ컰еɱæԺţҶ˽ȥ
ŷɻعЩ꣬Ҳӻص˹ڣ޺ŮطţԼסġ
ôеľȻź򣬺ܿ˽Ҷķʰ׵סɫԺǺ͹ûж

õ·ϣ׻һֱޱͻȻ뿪еĲ𣬸ҪǣŵǱʽûв
үЩ鷳ˣصúĹ⽫˶˳ȥڿҪõʱˡ
ϻû뵽ŷĲֽˣĶ
׻صǰİһǣָӡӡϣɼзŭ֮
ŷں㣬ôеݣҪסһˣ׻ûκεİ취
Ĺһ£˵үҪϳˣŷôҪӵģ
С
׻˰֣Щ˵ҶԸ飬ײ֪СȥҴ򰡣
ȻйܻǼ£ͬޱȡʲôʩϾκҲʶ꣬ʵԸС
ĹȰүҪǱʿ汻ޱסһɾͰæˡ
ģӽλٺ϶ˣ
׻ݺݵض˶ţ߳˷䣬Ѿ˽Ŵŵɾ͵Ǳʽˡ
ںõռլӣֱ˵ͷ᳤ʹϾסĵطҲƿʮŵĵڡ
լӿңԲһ㣬ҲǸĴԺӣǰԺǸԺȴǼɽ԰޽罭԰һ㡣
׻뵽Ժʱվ׮ظ˸Сһ㣬һӤȭͷ͹Ĵߡ
ǹѾ˰ı֣һ뵽ڣߣ֫ٺ޲ͨ
ף˵顭
׻վãȵǿɢȥ֮󣬲ŵ⼸齲һ顣
ıˣ죬Сһ
ҡҡͷֳһ˿̬һ¹䣬û뵽꣬ȴв̤Ȼȥ˹˵Ů
ЩȻ˵ܸоõǰʱһЩѺȲʱǶԼ̬ȶЩ΢ı仯
ǸܺӵˣΪ̬ȵı仯Ѿܾûгˡ
Ѿ
ˣȥɣһС˵һ˵ģˣҲʱˣ
˶ӵĻȥǸߴıӰͿļ򣬾ȻԵЩˡ


598 ʾ
裬˵ûµģǱô
ڶŷλںõԺѾסһڣҶǴŲŲʹ׻ʲô뷨ҲҵŷɵԺҶ鷳
ΪޱģҶÿնҪĸͨ绰̸ҲڷǿԼܰȫޱҲִ˲ƣѯ⡣
ҵһҰȫʣ£ǱʽѾסˣȵйܻǿûǮġ
ޱﲢûԵöôˣ£һִµҵ۹кüҵԪϼѾݽ˴ǳʡ
ҵҵѣޱڲᵽ仰˼˶ʮ깦ĲƸֻҪ̶̵죬ܱһС
ֶӺͶѵıѣҲޱĻ䣬ʹֻعȥ
ĸ׵ĻҶһ£˵裬ע㰲ȫֹ׻˹ǽ
׻֮ǰô˼õйܻƭ֣ޱ͸ˣҶܵǶĸײ
㲻ŦԼ㲻õңԼСġ
ޱ͸ƣһڴ˾飬ˡ
裬֪ˣϢɡ
Ҷ˵ͷдһŲ¹Ҷ˵绰
Сүܽ𣿡߸շµ绰ſھ
ɣҶصϡ
ôţʲôϲ£ŷɷģҶ첻Ц
Сүʮ˸ҵĺŴУں磬пʽʽţ
Ӹȥ󣬶ŷں֮һֱҲԼĶλ
ƺ˸ľأԴڸ֮ǰĵλöŷһֱܿգԺŽ˱ӣϵμҵ
λصõõְ񣬶ŷɻǸо޷ȫ뵽֮УҶ£ȴһ
꿪ûһ˹ģʮ˸ҵĺŴж˾ɽɽ
ȻЩֻǺʲôʱֳ˸ֱĴУҲǿڶŷɵǰһǷ룬ЩֻΪſڿӡ
⼸ŷɶæкЩδѣ˵ľΪ֮һ䣬֣˴ǰ棬а׻Щ
öŷҶǷЩصĺŴе֧֣ԼδؾûеǶϣ
Ҷ˰֣ʾŷº󣬿ʵ׼Ǳʲô
ҶĻ󣬶ŷЩ˷ܣص屻Ҿӣ⼸춼ǱŲ׻Сϱ´ܣҲû˴޷ֹ˴δõģ
ҶõϣöŷɰҶ콻ҪȴǱŷһھܾˡ
Ȼֻڵ绰Ҫ󣬵ǸеϹҲסʱһϢ߲û߻ħ⼸նڵ壬ҲϾȥܶŷɵˡ
û֧֣׻ЩˣһɵĶǵ˵£˴˿̣׻ŷ֧Լָ
µĳŵûжֹһҲЩɣ֧λĻȻͲˡ
ҶΪǰֱԪӵ鴫׻ǾĪ
봮һЩֹõ飬ȴֻӦһЩУԴ±ֵ֧̬ȡ
ţˡͶŷ˵ŻҶִһϤĽŲűƿ˽
Ҷ죬Ҹ¡
ԶѾգҶҲָߵĶ˵λ̴ɽܻ³죬λ̨ҵˡ
Ŷλŷɣϲ裡
ԶĻҶվ壬⼸ԶȻҲЩݷǰλȴߵġ
Ҫ֪Ŀ״ȻھɽɽٿģŶǴγܻĴᣬȴ̴ɽģܻĵ̴ַɽ
ֻھɽɽٹ̣ЩȻûаȥɵǣ̴ɽܻᣬںоһɲɺӵ
̨ˣͺŵĹϵǳУ֪ﶼǳţڶǵԣ̨ŵŷȹ
˵صñߵҶҲСõ
ҶүΪһԪˣҶүܼţǺҲ
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ԭ³үүڹһλԪϼֻɹ֮ص̴ɽ
һʱ³үүܵ룬ڹھסԼһʱ䣬³ǻϺԪ
³үүݣϺ̲ʱȻǶϻƽ֮Ĵ㡣
һϯ䣬³ȴһλŵ۵ˣȻе˶ףүүҲǹмӣһһԪ˳ƺţ³ӡΪ̡
º³үүԪݣ֪һλּߵĴУԪװ磬⼸ʮһֱӡ³Ժ֮С
ԪĵҪ֮³ʹҴҸˣҲǵΨһ֪ԪݵˡʦأȻܼǵá
³콲ߵ£ҶҲ겻ѣɣã³ܺʦʶҲһѵõԵ֡
ҶүϻҶжҶүģãһᶦֵ֧ģ
˵ȶŷ΢һЩԭǽǰȥ̨ĺˣȺ洴ĳҪߣֻ꾭ϻ誵㻯˳ϴˡ
Ȼ˳˽ںеĽλȻڣ̨ĺԼ˵Ȱᣬ䶼мӡ
лλˣպҶĳر
ŵ飬ҶȻҪŵģ˶ԼЩԨԴöŷƲˣ˽¡

ҶǱֵβֵͬĺã⼸ȴЩ壬ֱֽһȻޱĶӣ׻
ڶŷɵ£Ԫ¼Ҳ￪׻Ȼ˼ˣҲףѾˡ
׻ЩֻţҶΪд֮󣬻ᷭǸޱ飬һǸںŵɾȫˡ
УԲţ
˼֮׻¶˺ɫںŽĵλȨƣԲܾһ


599 
֭ģ
˽ֵһв͹ſڣƳ˸С㣬Ļؽкš
ţ֭Ҳһ롣׼ϰˣʱʱפһ㣬˽ֵֶ
μʹڹڶټˣڹһ׼ΪԼʮǰϱء
ղͬǣ˽ֵḷ́ܶɨøɸɾЩطˢˣһֻᷢڹʱ
ҳЩվ˽е֮⣬ﻹ׺;ֵı֮⣬ôһ˿ŵա
ķǱôʲô״ûУһһȥЩ۵ľڴų߶ˡ
ɭߺܺãȫйˣҪʲôһв͹һŶ֭İˣŻ
ô࣬Щйڸʲôۻᣬǲģ
˵ǸϾ죬ھɽɽѾʮˣȻкܶ̽Ϣĵطǰһ㶼ġ
ͨ峿λɽɽеľ죬ȴٴһ㣬еݼٶȡˣߴžűµľǣ˽֮С
ںţЩνֺޣڲ֮֯ܣһҧڹ꣬޴¿ڡ
ȻĽĻ˰ɲһ͵طչ͸ѱ鼰ɽɽеķ档
ʮ֮ǰžͿʼʶ̳չ֮гֵλӸλˣٶֺܷŵӰӡ
£ɽɽĬ˺ŵĴڡȻϣŻֲصġ
磬Щվˡ
˽ֵĽֵϣЩ֮⣬ྫ׳ӣκŴãҲҪжǰҵġ
ʲôϡģܼһΣҴСԽϰīЩǡ
һ⺷ˣмĳŲԶľ˸Ȧʵھɽɽڰ;໥֮䶼ĬģԽΣԽǲᷢͻ
磬˵λֱϣѾһٶˣһɡôˣﻹҪŰ
⼸չҶ飬ںڲҲǱ÷зܶŵ㲻Ҷ쵽жʶľͰҶͱָϵ
֪ƨһٶҶүʦǺĴж֪ǶϣҶүʦҲҪͷ񣡡
ûһԼСܣܽӴĴУϢԴȻҲʵһЩ
˴κŴãģʤ˾ŶǴεĿ״ᡣ
μҶʽĴһٶˣټӱڣǧ֮ࡣ
ôزŶϺŵˣͻȻҲɲõţΧ˻ӣרͻ¼
ЩٶϰΪˣڽźĵش·ϣǲ˸ģӭӸ·еص
һĽγ˽ֺʻȥʱ˴򿪳յľʾ⡣
Щ˲ûҲûκεİףЩ޵֮࣬ȴ޿κΡ

ãֻڼ߹յӵʱŻõĵطձɨøɸɾ
ռнǧƽ׵ԺϰٰӣÿϾидСֽƬΡ
ڴ˴οֻΪҶһˣϰλصĴйҲ⣬һ޴Ĺϣʮλ
ߺλϵģǺʼ棺Ӣ䡢ޡ֮ˣǾĩķ䡣
ڶʷɷ֣ɹڳ½ϡպ⡣
滹ǰ棺̵ҡ顢ˡµۡʽˣЩ˵ǰûһӰƷ֮С
Щк桢桢塢ܡӢʦȺȱλαڹ֮ϡ
Щλǰ棬ŸּţѼȴûΪŴ֮Ϊ˷帴ȻҪܻġ
ʱƣμӴ˴ʽĸشУ뵽ԺЩŶԽ̴κŵӵĴ£Լλϡ
Ƚ뵽ԺĴУԸعˣõˣǽ֮󣬲ųԺŴ
ưү
߽㵽
ү
ү
Ľ㵽
ү
ʥͶү
̸ү
һĺ˸䲻һŮ߽ԺӣǺõĸˣÿ˶һ̯
̸үܵսʥͶүǾʦĽɫרŸүıߣүǲãµҲǸ˾ְ
ȵЩôо֮󣬺νľǺôˣһ֣׻
͵ݵĲ࣬ߵҪһںڰһλȻĵһˡ
׻ɫЩѿ߸Ĺ⣬֮ЩĲɵĹֺЩ˴кߵԼλ
ڶôүҲ֮ΪүִááλУģöŷˡ
ȻŷɵԵҪ׻˺ܶ࣬һ뵽Ժشз׷վкмкܶǴóȥģͷĺô
ôү
ڶŷɺֵģҲҶˣŹȵԶһԺԺӶʱ
Ҳ֤ǿʱˣһ㶼Ǻſ䵣ְġ
Զǻ̽䣬ֺͺǧ˿ƵĹϵھŶĺſ״ϣͱѡΪôү
ԶݺۺЩصĺŴУһ붼ܹĶݣԶʺ
ʥôүԶһȴȫž׷ŤͷԺŴȥ
ʥôүҲõߣڰеλȴûʲôʵȨֻһͬΪͷεġ
ҲΪˣ˶֪ԴѾκͷǷܳʽϣ
źһγԺſڣŸ׷ԲԵˣȵ죬ϻһë̺
ǻ᳤
ͷͷ
ӭͷ磡
˵ĳ֣û᳡һη˶Էվ
ȻѲܰһλ᳤Ҳǵŷɸ״µˣ֮֮ϡ
Ӣİ·˳ĺվҶ죬Ž뵽Ժеˣĵײɸпǧ


600 ɽǹ֣ϣ
ٸӢۣҲİ·һҶѾǸϸоһŨŨûжٿɻˡ
᳤岻ãôԹˣ
ν뵽ԺλϵԶͶŷӭ
ŷɸǻָεİڣԽƵ˷õһѽελϡ
ǵͷҲǺΪ֮һͶŷɵĸ׶Ϻ̲ϣֶҪҪ߳һ
ҲǶŷںĿɽصܳΪôүͦĽ׻Ǹλõġ
ﱾΪһңŶǴο״Ѿд뵽ˣСֱǰţͷôҪ
һ˵ô໰Щŷæ˼£˵᳤ү֣ʲôĵİ
Сɣ˺£ͷҪ˻ܼܲ
˰֣һ˫ԻǵԺ˿ȥ¶Цݣ˥ȫλʦүӰȡȿȣ
һ仰δ˵꣬;ҵؿŵöŷæкһҽִϡ
ģϲĶôǿܵס
ڵڰ˰ѽϵ׻ɫؿǴˣ˳ĵôүˣôŰ
һæµľΣĺƽȡϵ֣ȥʾŷɽͲݸ
ȿȡ
һ΢ĿԭЩӵԺӳװ˵ĿⶼǸϡ
ҶԭһҡʦԪţʵҺ£к֤ԶΪã
ĵͳĻͨ䴫뵽᳡᳡նȻ˶վ
֤ԶУΪŴãλҼʦ
ҲС˶ٵԶ˿̶˹ȣվѴõĹǰЩк˵ӣվˡ
һ㣬أ˳ƽ
Զоһ֧м۴ϸĴ㣬˹ǰͭУȻ˫ϥŵعȥ
һԶ˾԰ݵ֮ȻҲˣ󲿷ֻڷɵıԵشȻ־η֮ġ
㣬ˡ
ȵԶӹ׼õһ˵˹ȥ
źһžдúСõ˵˴Ǵãط֮ҲԶˣ˵Ļ趼ǲˡ
Сʱ֮󣬾ߵݵľʽԶ˫ϥأ˫ϥ򳾰㳯̨ү̳ѵ
һϣԶվˣѾˡ
õԶҲ۵Цҡҡͷ˵ŷɣʣµľְɣͷĳŲȥˡ
Զϰ֮ˣ԰ʮܽÿʽ꣬ѾǵԼ弫ˣҲûˡ
֣ŷһ£˵⡭̫ʰɣ
Ҫ֪ںУһ㶼ͷεģҲǳڶ½ŵӵӣ֤඼ΣλöǷͬСɡ
ŷȻǺŵѽΣݻǱ֣гĻв˵ģ֣׻Ͳ
ʲôʵģ
ԭһֱϻָҪͲ˵ôүŷݴ˭
Ȼǰ׷Բͣ۷ڣһʻԺӣȻûһ
ѱ׻ڱǻ軨۶һ֮Ҳͷȥ
׻аָײĲʱ򣬷ڴˣƥţ
ãŷɣȥðɣҪҺ磬ҪǰһͲ˶ŷɡ
ǣ᳤
ӹͲ󣬶ŷҲ¶һ˿˷ܣܸоõƺҪĳֱˡ
ǶŷɣԺĴҲаһԣѡݴпܳΪεĺͷ
⽭ɣ͹Ŵĳ͢ʵмģ˳ǰʱ򣬺Ŵжǰָɵġ
ȻִͷѾûָεȨȴƼĻȨ
ŷΪݴ˲ŷ֣ԭŷɾȻҲͷߣ֧֣ɹλļʴ
ϵ׻ؽҧ¶Ȼ֮ЩڵûͶŷ˺ˣҶȥﻹнմ֮٣
ʱѾǻ֮ӣŷɲɽĿ⿴վԼʮ״Ĺ⣬Ĺͷ֮Լ˼֡
ŷɿû˼ȥ¶׻ʲôݴλúվףдһҶã
Ҷá
Ҷá
չأͨűߣôѵȺȴҶߵţھпõʽʱžͱرˡ
̵ģػǶడʦ꽻ĻҪ࣡
ʱҶѾ˽һСʱˣոˮ桱̴͡
漴ˮϴ棬̴ָںˮһˮֻڲãڶˮǾˮ£ҲǰĹء
⡰áĺҶ̧ǰĴ˾¡
ˣŲûб򿪣ôе
㣬ŻԸҶ
յǼ֦㣿ô׷ʵ
յ֧㣡
֧㣿
һؾʦѧţԽľˮļƽ֡
ЩŵĻʮǰϵͽ̹Ҷ죬ڴ˴֮ǰŷרдҶüסΪһԴϣǲ򿪵ġ
ڻʴҲԵʵģںŸɵǷ帴Ļƣ֮Ȼ±͢׷еӽȫõĶγһصϵ
ʵһĿãǲҪôģֻΪҶ챲ߣ³ҶСԲȫհһٶǰõϹء
ţһԴ󣬴ڱˣ˫۾ض˴һϮ۵Ҷϡ
Ҷǰʦ㣬ܵɽǹ֣Ҷſڣÿзһ
ôүĺϰٸľ׳ԽڶŴ󵶳ǹཻ棬ŴùλãһƬɽǹ֡
˭ŵڣ
һĻվǰԶ˵ɫͬʱ


601 ɽǹ֣У
ɽǹųЩӰӾ׫ģڽ֮ʵڵġ
ڳƣһ㶼еж԰ǰɽΪԷõģû˵ĸɿ֮ʱõϵɽǹ֡
ǰʮ׳ڳмǹ󣬲Զȴɫ֮⣬ҲЩĪ
˭ģ
ֻоظһѪӿûأ֮оȻ˸ҶΥ˵˫۲ɱһ󾫹⣬ֱֱվſڵôС
᳤ΪһңҶүᣬתŽռ˱֣°ֵܻ᲻ġ
˵ĳʮ䣬ĸԼһңۼ༸ϥǣҼǳӦͨȭ֮Ĺ
ôүֻȶŷɵһںҲǼΪҪλãʹҲû˿ʾ˼
ⷬһ˵ڣڵնʱ΢
ҶеݼţȫɶŷƶģȻҲ׿ϣǶԴ˶ԡȷЩͻȻ
Ҷ֮󣬲һͻ𺦵λе棬ͷͻȻλүҲ̫ˬġ
ү˵ҲûŲʲô˶ܽģ
ǰԪв٣ͽô˭Ҳ֪
ŲҪ˰б¾ʹ⵶ɽǹ֣ȻӢۺúģ
֮ǰЩ˲ҸڿڣǴ˿ͷ˵˳ȴ޹˼ɣ׷׳Ը
һЩ׻õˣ˵ĻѾЩˣԭµû᳡Ǳ˸гһ㣬ޱȡ
ǰһĻڵڰ˰ϵ׻΢΢¶˸ײЦݣôжһ֮󣬽Ц
ĹģôүĶӣҲ׻ʦ֣׼һپһԲŻ˲ƻҶš
Ŷĺſ״˵ˣﱾΪһңҶүǾСӣȻҺţΪν֦
ų˵ۣдŭΪһ֮ѹסԼĻ
ﻰδ䣬ŷҲ˵ǰ׻˵ת飬Ҳʣɺת壬ƤɨҺŵ氡ѵҺžû֮𣿡
ŷ˵ʣﲢδ·ԺһȽ䵱ͽϽŻԱתͶ
Ϊ˱ͻԶơһҡν컨Ҷźָš̣ԭһҡ
⡭
û뵽ͶŷɻͦҶ죬һʱ䱻ʵƿԣͷðϸܵĺ顣
᳤ãɽǹҲ߸ҶүžǰУҪߣֵҲɣ
ס׻վ˳һ˵кܶ˶ʱƺЩʲô
˴඼֪׻ͷеλã˻ЩףΪ׻Ҷ֮ģ
ʱ׻ҲưͳԻп˵ܲ˵ԼҶ죬֮ŹԼɣ
׻Ҷ⵶ɽǹ֣Ҳ۸ҶǸʮͷˣƵ֪Ѷˡ
һԱʵ鷢ҲԽ飬ݺݵɨһ¶ŷɺ棬֪ںû׼ҵ֧֣κġ
ү⻰˵ҲǣǺֵĸǳƴɱģ߸ɽǹҲʲô
ǰҪӶûУҲûҪˣ
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⣿̬Щʧأԥ
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Ҷелȴֳһ˿Ц˴ʱϹӶܿ׻˼ˣ⵶ɽǹΪԼġ
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602 ɽǹ֣£
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ŷĻЦһ˵᳤ҶүԹͷҪһСֶҲˡ
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ĳԾˣ֪ŷɵĹں֮ҲһģʹҲ޷׵ؽŷλõġ
᳤ҶүˣδؾͿ⽭ɣ׻ǰʯͷԼĽˡ
ŷôһ˿ֻʵ׼ҺμҵĹϵпܵõޱֵ֧ģ׻ںλĻܴ
ĻǵƻҵĹϵ鷢˸Եĸı䣬׻ıޱоǴҶۡ
֪ҶĶŷɣʱѾԤ׼ҵưܣڲ֮Ȩʮ׼ңҪ˥ȥˡ
һֱ˭֪ȴڲСɣҪλã׼һ·ɡ
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ĥѩĵϣ˵âԵλãҶͷͻһĻ˶̲סλվ
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Ҫ֪ɰڳ⵶ɽǹ֣һ㶼ԷԼģ£δɻڴʱ֡
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ף׻ϵЦδȥʱ򣬳ͻȻһ̾
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ĻһźţԺӴӿϰٸ׳ӣһԵľۼ׻Χ
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һĻЩǰμʽĴǣðôͷ


603 
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׻˿ȴ޿֣Ϊڿ˶֮࣬ʱǱս
׻Щ£ȴǴǹеķһ浹ɱ
Ȼ׻Ҳð֮踣ֲкЩŴС
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׻ҽЩȫǹƳһڣɽɽҪһִսʹ׻ٷҲеġ
׻㡭㾹ȻǴǹ
׻˵ʱ򣬶ŷҲ˲ԡŵЩӵУȻһǹ
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604 ͬ
Ҫ׻ǹڶ׼Ҷ죬ԶͶŷɶʱ󼱡
Ҫ֪ҶɻλʦأҶںܵʲô˺պ󶼽ðġ
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СӣҪǺ㵽ŦԼȥүδôƫƫҪѰ·ҶԲˣ
Ҷ죬׻ֻеĵһаϴڣԭѼƻõ飬ȫҶĸӸҵˣʹ׼ұϳѵĶ
޷ˣɱҶ죬׻Ҳܳڶ˳ã׼ҵԻ÷ˮ
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˶еЩɵۣΪ׻ǹʱҶվ׻ǰһգ۵ĹҶȴǲӰ١
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605 
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ʮʿụ̃ţΪȣĺֵܡ
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ŷͷкʮģԺкӵܾǸжʮԶ󣬶ŷɴһնˣ
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ڹϷһŵ߷İ׾ƱִͷѪһһ˾Ʊ˽Ʊ˺ôеǰ
İؽΪ཭ɽ
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Ҫ֪ŵȻ鼰أؾݴүλүҲǸ˾ְ仰˵ڵĺŲûõĵ̸Ҷ졣
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ŷɻ䣬һߴҶıֶ˿ᣬںŵȻƲɵ
Ծ׼ҽõˣҲڴ˿ȥҶ죬Ȩһ𣬽߸ߵĹˡ
Ҷүȥɣ޷ģԶȻҶϵǳ˿ҲҪƺһ䡰ү֡
ðɣ
Ҷһ£˵λ̧ҶĳʤмҲʶһλݴүˣҶĳվɺã
Ҷݣȫģִⲻϣλ߶ݣӮ˺ܶ˵ĺøС
Ҷүɼݡ
ҶүǺݡ
ҶվһصĺŴ˳һһҶ
ȻᣬҶȴǱֵļΪϵ֮ûһ˿ʧĵطһ˵ֺϾ׼ȷؽг
罻еĲ׻˵̧ˣҶеֵ˶ǸеЩܳжҶľʱ˼֡
һݼȥ˰СʱĹÿ˶Ҷϼ䣬ļģѾʼѯҶǷҪɽͽˣ
źﲻͬʦŵڳĺܶжǰʱ䶨ı֣˶ġ
һҶɾͳˣܰΪʦбһӾͳȥˣģ⡰үֵĳƺ֮ˡ
̵ģֲõʦһǹƤҩ
ò׺˼ҶҲ͵͵Ĳ˰Ѷͷ亹
һϰʮϼһŤŤҶʦҶһʱЩ޴ˡ
ҶҲ֪ڰ֮кǳϺͻƽٲҲڿ˼˼λ˶ϱʦӶԼı
ҲˣҲˣ˵ãӦþˣˣȴûһɢȥ˵Ŀ⣬Ǽ˻᳤ϡ
е׻Ժн䴦ЩӵܣڻûأһɽвǾͻ׼ҵŭ
׻ôүĸλУ׻Ǹ϶ּ׼ɽͻ
ȡȿȡ
ĿھŵĳԵ̶˶˷ξǰ˸ܳŵѾʵˡ
־סͣһҵĿԹؿѩ׵־ѪвһȻ
׼ңɣ
ﰵ˾ģѾûɻ׼ҽĻ˭ͷλãǶЩȵ
ãõңͬУöүôģ
Ȼ˿׻ȻתﲢûпǳһȥΪõˣá
᳤ԩ
ԭڵϵվ˵᳤һжǻүŵģ˵մãҪԺŲʹʲô֪
ǰ᳤ֻӻүûͬе˼
û䣬ǰٶõӣҲǷ׷׹ʵ׻ĸҲʮˣֻڲ֮£׻˶ѡ
᳤Ȼ÷˹ǲûпǹ᳤죬õӲǶйģ
õȴǽìͷֱָ׻е˼ף׻ǹֵܣⲻ˵鰡
ү˵û᳤죡
õһ룬ǿɲ뱻ϸͬеΪղʮнķͬУۣ
˰֣˵׻̧
ķԸĸŵӽոת黹Щίٵ׻˹Ѿ
׻ִãͬǸʲôӦúɣ
׻ҲЩΪѣŹ׻ƫƫڣЩˡ
ˣġ
׻̧ͷضס˵ҪôүҪͷͬʱУȨң
ں֮УλߵȻǻ᳤ˣξǸ᳤λ᳤׻ĸһжԴƺġ
ˣȻ˵ҲΪ㡣
￴һԹ׻˵λһգŽô£λ֤
õˣʹ˰ɣﻰδ䣬ӴŴһ˷׷׻ͷȥ
ף׻͵̧ͷպÿǸߴԺ


606 
׻˵˵Ӱںеսƴɱģֵīڰϻ֣޲ŷɥ
ԵԭӵĻ᳡ڣʱѻȸ˶Ŀ⸴ӵؿλΪºպսˡ
ϵҲз۾
Ͷŷɵĸ׻ǽֵܣԶŸΪ϶С
֪ԼϻƢ꣬ǵûм䱾Ҫһãǻǳķ粨
ôУ￪ʵܣ㶼֪ˣ
磬֪ˣ
ߵߣ˵磬岻ãαػôأСԼȥˣ
⻰û׼ΪڳԼҪ£֪ڹԼ
Ҳܣ˭ܰ
̾˿ֵһɽʱΣǶıԼвӦƴɱڵһߡ
ǻǺε磿ǵԼֻϹӲдҲͷ׷ζˡ
ܣ֪Ϊ˱ֱ
ʹ˵ҲҪעԼĴǣһ֮˵μ֮Ҳı⣬˾ǴˣҶүѾšԼֵܰ˵ˣ¾ͽҹȥɣ
ҽĶԹʮֵ¶ȷ׼ҵĲԣ̰ͼ˼ǮҲͰˣȻ뽫Ѿǻ˹ء
Ҷ׷²ţȻںŸҲûм˻վ˵ġ
ô˵ҲҶŹ׼һҲҪȥ׷ˡ
Ҷүߣôıְ
Ļһ˵ѾͷҲҪƺһ壬֪㵱ү𣿡
ʵͷβ֪׻Ҫޱ顣
ޱȲӣȻԼֶҲǺܹ³Ҷǰǰ˳ļӡ
ޱŮʿûֳ壬ҶĳţΪŴֱȴ֪յǼأ
ϵӣҶҲһЦԸֱָʹ˿ûи档

ǻƢҶ䳰ȷһѪʱֱͷӿȥһǵѪ죬뷢Żһ㡣
ҲǴʬɽѪƴɱġһŭܵĿ·סˣһɹ״ʵʵɱҶȥ
վԭصҶ죬ϵĳƺһ紵βƮȥվҶͺˡԱȥ
ͷصɱȻɱ
ƺǹŨҵɱҶͷһݣΪ֣ǰȻֻ̤뵽˻֮С
ɱ˶ˣϾͻմȾɷջ⣬֮ɷͻᱬʹٲҲڶ཭˲յԭ֮һ
ȴǽڻ۵ɷڵ˾棬ҾȻɹˣЩɱûӰ첻˵ΪԵеֶΡ
ҶԴӳҲ츳֮ˣǴʦ֡ҿϻ£츳ܲΪҲǰҪߡ
ϰŹӲĳȻﵽ۷壬Ҷ컹״εü
Ȼûȫ뵽ɱ֮ҪҶ죬Ķ֣ҶҲҴ⣬һ׼ͷųԼ
öҶү񣬰й㶼𣿡
Ҷ׼࿹ʱȻҡΣ뵽˶м䡣
磬𳤱ȵģæɢȥǹɱ
ｫһŭͿҶүǿȷϵģ㲻ҪЩ׵Ĺϵ˵ں֮Уֻϱֲ飬ȡȿȡ
մãһۣ;ﵽ˼ޣһ˵Щˣȴ־ҵؿ
ã磬ȱżĻ𣿡Ѫʱ
һŷˣȥĴ֮⣬Ҫǰˣںеλʱδؾֵõϻ᳤λá
˺ðΣֹס˿ԣץס֣˵ܣ֪ûλ˼ǻ᳤ѡ¶㻹Ҫģ
磬Ҷˣȷǿϣ
Цŵ˵ͷԭиִڱŷ˲Ƶòչص
һչأȴøˣǹԹʮɱȻżɹ뵽¾֮С
Ϊߣ˵ľҲ᲻Ծ뵽Ȼ˵ĴԿգ֮ǰЩִҲõˡ
ƣر۾˰˵ˣѻȥɣ˰ɣ
У磬ʮ꣬ûһ˽飬׻˴ȻҪܳͷģ
ҡҡͷתŷɣ˵СӣͬУǸʲôĴ
ȻᣬΪȴʮֱֵҲڰżߵԵʣҶ춼ǰԵͷеϲͷ
壬᳤˵ˣ˰ɣѾʮˣƺһСӣŷҲһĿЦá
ϻôˣλֵܵǰˣ
׻߲ԶϵģλǹĺŵӣǹеҪһȺ󣬵ͷѾȡ˳
ͬУŷɱƲ³˰˸֡
ãˣ˵ͷһĨһѰС
ӣ£Ҫܳͷӣ
СһĽӴӵһҧ׻ͷһ̣һҽУǰȻ˶ӵļϡ
ף㡭Ǻοడ
ıңĳ۷֮ȴ̾ϢѣӢ۶ܣ˿ҲǼܵġ

ְûȶӲҺڣǶԴȥ

ŮǶȴ׻һӣȻĲˣҲ׻Ŀ˽Ը
ɶٲãҲԼģղųּзִ磬׻˲Ѫû˼ֻҪһʱָܻˡ
׻ͬУѾִˣ֪λлҪ˵
°ڴ˺һ鲼ƬϵѪõˣתҶ죬˵ҶүԪҶүҲֲĳȴֽһ


607 ָ
˻һټ֮жʱѻȸʲŻڲҺŵ׻Ҳرͣһ˷ܵؿ˸ס
ںŵ粻ǿ˵ģ浶ǹƴɱġ
ʮǺڰ﷢չҪʱڣÿһ춼Ϊȡ̷еÿսʿ䣬ɱڵһߣǲˡ
ʮҶʱԽϰٽı߻й˸ϳɽɽѾչĴ־߳εĸҵ֡
ʱＸֵܣںֻ֮вԱɽɽһ˾۾ӽֵĵڲ̫۵С
һСİٶԽϰɱ뵽ֵУһ棬һˣǸ׷ɱŰ˽еĵӡ
һбһȴǲִӦսէһӴŵӾʧأͶϴȲѣ뵽һҵ
ǡˣõϢһСܷغԮԼǴɱ˹ȥ
ʱֵѾ뵽˻֮УһЩ̱˻ȼԽ׼ڵĵʱɱˡ
һ׾Ŷֳһѿɽֱײس˽
ȫȻкԼϵıȫ¼ûһ֮֫ϱۺɣѪ˳ˮȾֵ
ԽϰȻ˶ࡣҲɱ˵Ҳӵɱ˳
֮Ȼֻʮˣȴ硣绢Ⱥһ㣬뵽ԽϰУɱ˽ڽڵˡ
ͬʱ֧ԮҲϵˣԽ˶ٶʬǱӣٶʬ߰ʮ˶֮֡
ȻҲжʮ൶֮ˣÿÿе֮ʱܱܿҪԴ඼Ƥˣһ
ǴźӵܣԽɱŷɥֱӽǸϳ˾ɽɽ
Ȼȥ˽͡ԽϰȻҽɽɽչɼǳȷѪɵӰ
һۡҲʼں֮ո¶ͷǣһĳɳΪмŷɵĸ׺ǳΪ˺ͷ
Ҫ˵˭ԺŹλ
ȻʮȻǺŵ֮ĵһû˸ڼϳλ϶ּүӡ
Ҷ̵ֽʱ˶סˡ
Ҷ֮ǰȻֳڳ˵֣˵ӰϻɱţɲǴ紵ģǧٳӲ̴ģ
ҶǶʮͷ䣬ľԶ۷ʱڣϣûһ˻ῴġ
ҶүѾ˺ţǺֵˣôǲģ
û뵽ԼĶְ֮ìͷ׼Ҷ죬д󼱣Ҫ˵˭ȻĪġ
˵ǰҶˣõʱҲʮУͲǸˣһͷʧȥǵҰޡ
磬֮ϽͬУдȴǿԵİɣ
ȻǸˣҲϸʱ˵Ϊһɣ¶䱾ʣȻֹͬдġ
ɴˣֶѪյ֮ˣ˺֮ȻҲìܣŹֲܽ˽ö֮дҲͳ˽һ
ǹȭ飬дʧˣֱԽУҲиΪĹأǾֻҪˣ˴жᱻŹ洦ġ
Գʵ޷ڵìܻ߳ޣһ˼ٻ֡д衱ģݵĴսǾ޽е顣
ȻһսҲҪһӦսУҶ첻ӦսҲǰֻ֣ܸɵ
뵽ｫĿ⿴Ҷ죬˵Ҷү׾ƢֵǾһһݣ
ǰǰҶүЦأѾںˣ͹ȥɣ
ŷҲԱߺϡ࣬ȻҶ춯֣֪ҶĹɲ⣬лǲôΪŷϳԵĿ
ڶŷʮ깦ոս뵽ʱ־ΪԼǺڵĵһ˫Ǿдһ
Ȼд裬ûг˽Թ棬ֻ򳤱һ̡
ʱʹӦҲûͬŹۿֱӾԺﶯ
նŷɵ뷨뵽Ϊʹ򲻹Ҳָٰ֧ʮУɸƽְɣ
û룬һ֣й󣬶ŷɾͱһһ˼Ȼֻöŷڴ¡
֮󣬶ŷҲںԼˣΪֻҪڣŵһƣͲϵġ
ŷɣСӸҹһȥͷһɲǣ
ָǶԶŷɿûʲôɫŷɵĻȰĴһգؽըͬʱ۾ҲƵĶס˶ŷɡ
ã壬û˵ɣŷɿЦһȴǲҶˡ
ŷɿǲƢ𱩵үӣĸĿ֮½䱩һ٣ŷɿϻֶ쾭壬ʲôͬһ˵ġ
ҶүôţѵʦԪټͷĲɣ
ѵ˶ŷ֮Ҷ죬Ц˵ֻҶүѧղûѧʦľ裬ҳ׳ˣ
ȻǽǿԹΪϵĹذһ𣬶ӱ˽ѵˣӵȻҪһ˵ʲôҪѵҶһ
ⷬ˵ں󣬳Χ۵Щ˶ɫһ䣬ͷǼۣȻҶʦˡ
Ҫ֪ɵĽˣһΪʦΪʹԱʦĲɲݵĽ
˵⻰ҶҲӦսմ֮٣ֻΪһЦǾͨĺӵܣҶ쵱ˡ
㡭㣬Ҳû뵽˾Ѿ޷ٳȰˡ
׳ϣĴյüȻ鴫
Ҷǰվһ˵ΪǱֱйܻμ֮£ǽҹȥˣҶĳ鷳
ߣ˵ϻӦǲӦ
ҶǼ£Ҳһ죬˰ʮ꣬Ψһµһ¡
ҶһЦȻ̣Ҷĳָһ°ɣ
ȻͷѾǴиĹۣĻ漰ʦҶ˵ûҪһصۣǴʦҲĲԼġ
ָ㣿ãǾҶүָһɣҶĻһ㶣̶ŭЦ
ʮ꣬͸ȭʦд費ȭ֮ϴδһаʽǰСӾȻҪָԼ


608 ͨ

оҶ˵Цٺˣͷͬʱðô
Ҷ챲ָǲ٣ֱԿɲǰձָߵӮģд˽ߵΪҶıֳá
˿Ҷǵ̫˵Щ滰ԲȥȻҪ֣Ҳϼŭġ
˭֪Ǹӣ˶ͿƲסԼͶŷɸ׵Ľ飬Ҳһҽˡ
Ҷ֮ǰʱԵǫѷ񣬿ǸղŵǷȴ˵˰ҡͷˣûѧԼ
׳ϣĹˣܰŹ⾳磬ûеڶˣҶĳҲһ¡
ҶûȥܳЩ˵ۣǿһת˵ֻһֻ̤뻯δҶĳǵֵָģ
ʮ꣬ҶںСʱͲݰ˼ҵĽУԹһСǴ֮ΪͻͽȴҲû֡
Ȼ׻˵޵һ޵ڶΪһЩϰ֮ˣûжҲһܿյ飬ڿΪҶͷҲһս⡣
Ҷ˴ǰĸ׳֮⣬һԭǾʶһȭٰ֯ʢᣬ羿жٹ֡
Ҷû뵽ǣûȥμǺȭᡣںоôӲӡ
벽һǧսɱ֮Լ˿й֮Ķ֣ǳȴʦֺϻ֮⣬Ҷǿ֡
ȻҶ첻κηġΪҪҲһսúʶԼ
ţ㾹Ȼ֪
ҶĻ⣬񲻽зȻȭҲӴڼȭʦڼȭĸǳ˽⡣
ͻ֮ҲоԼǽ뵽˻ҿ϶ʱҶһڵʱ˼־衣
֮ѾԽԽˣ֪ܶʲôͻƾҶ˵֤ⷬǴ˵ˡ
˵ٰʽ
ҶһЦ˵׳ϣɻô˵ȥԷȾءҲ˾õ˰ɣ
˵껰Ҷǰ̤һֳס½һ˺ΪΣ¶Ҷ޳ġ
ȻٳӢۡҶүֽˣ
ҶľٶǰһҲصǰһ٣ϵשʱ̤ѳ˼Ρ
˼֣Χ۵Щ˷׷ȥҶվĵط˳
ϻܿײϵģһմˡ˵ǽǶѵ³ûԸȥùͷ
˲ǣڵ̤һ֮˾ȻվﲻˣֻŭĿڵҶ졣
׻˵пŵп֣ȻˣʱԼƣ仰˵Ǿǲս֮
ֻͷųȥɱҶ˿ãΪҶǿУҲһɲɱ
Ȼɱڶ࣬ҶҲаʮЩ۵ɷԱҶ컯⿪ˣǹɱȴǱҶ챣
һ΢ӶΧĿ·סˣϵƺŤʹΧ۵ﶼֻĸо
ãһսĳӣ
ǧս֮ѾǼٳˣȻսҲǿסʬɽѪɱ
ǵеʱȴֶҶǻ˸һ㣬ϵɱ֮ʢ֮ԼҲѷɫͷ֮࣬Ҳоһ˿ϲ
֣ͷĸоʱѾ˺Ҷ֮˽Թֻһս
ұָ㣬ȳְɣ
Ҷ쵭һЦջǹɱȻӿѹҶȴ޷˿Ӱ졣
ãҶүָ̣
˫ֱȭҶ˸ҾҶƵշ磬磬еǷݿ
룡Ҷ˵ͷŻسǰ˸صļӡ
ˣ
зһȣ뷢ţźȻڵһһ㣬ټԳһ㣬쳣ǰ鲽
ʮ׵ľ룬֮ͱ˽ǰƸ߸̧𣬶ҶصĻ
ͨȭƣ
Ҷ˫ۼֱϥǣ֪Ӧͨȭ
ղõͨȭĲһȴеҶ첻Щ⡣
ͨȭйȭ֮һҲͨȭǿԳԳȡƣֳơͨԳԳͨ
ȭǵ͵ĳԶഫͳȭ֮һйһ糤һǿļ۷ӵ쾡¡
һڼռĿƣԶ򳤻򣬿տɷţɳɶ̣֮ڰ˼ȭ
ͨȭȭǲʵã·з
㲽ͨȭʽȴƣɼԵо֮ḻ˼֮䣬ѡϡ
ͨȭĲȭƷϬ
ϣȭϵ޷죬ֻȰľƣȻǽҶܶסˣʹҶ޿ˣΨӲһ;
úã
ǵľ磬Ҷ˿صڵһ̤Ϸһϼȥ
ΪˣҶٺӲƴӲ򣬵˿Ҳĺ˴󷢣һõóСٶ
ȭе԰˼ΪҪƣȴԳİȭΪ
ȭңԵޱȡ
±Χɱ֮ʱ۶ϣһܣϳʹȭһȭͷ­飬֮ɱһѪ·ͻΧɼȭ֮
ȭԪ̸Ҷģǹļģʶڶ཭ɣ·ȭֲͣһĶ̴Ըѧ˹ȥ
Ҷһгɽһޱȣӭϻȥ
أ
ȭŷľöܵĿһƵΧ۵˶Сˡ졣
죬ҶƺͻȻһ֣ǼңȴҶһ֮£߸Ҳ
ʱ˲ſ壬ղһŷʹҶұϵ䣬ǻ˷ɵһƮ裬ۼط֣˵С۴һƬס
³һҶ컺˵ù򣬺ң
˵ʵղһӲӲҶ컹ǳ˵ȻҪۺ񣬵Էһ壬ѽü羫֡
Ҷһ˿ǹɴйڵµĻȭʱͻˡ


609 Ѫ
Ҳ
䷢һţˮĺұ΢ɲĶ˼£кε˾Ŀ⡣
ӱң⵽ʣӼǨ
ʱ򣬾͸浱ʱ֮ΪͨȭʥŲϰͨȭλĩڻʡûжֵĴȭʦĹŵӡ
Ųȥְݷ˾ȭʦϰȭ߰ʮѽȭ¯ࡣ
ղһʾһͷͻҲܱýǶѱҶ쾹ȻӲйɾظһѪӿ
ʱѾ֪ǰˣȷпʱܡָ̡ԼһҲ˵׼
ڽ֮УʵΪ
ϻƽٲﱲߵģȻΪΪ
ˣԸ˵ȴǸӿأҶһǡٶȻӮء
Ҷ춶˶Щ֣˵ɣŹ̶ֳȣ֮ꡮʥŲߣҲǲضˣ
ʶʦұ˼ҿǲԶˣ
һ㶣ڹʮ꣬ûʦˣЩ֪֪֮ԼĹԶʦ
Ҫ֪ĩǰǶʱ䣬ڵֿνǰټ塢»áԪסǹĵҡ
Ųһڼ֮Ϊ조̫ͨȭ֮һˣʹԼﵽ¯ࡢ뻯ľأͨʷϾһ˿ԿԽĸ߷塣
ȻΪѾ뵽˻ŵǸʱСﲻЩȭʦǵĸ߶ȡ
ԭǱʥĵӣֲء
ҶҡҡͷЩЦã⽭󣬵飬ǣһЩϵ
ԪһιΪѰƱͼ漣ھǴѧһʱ䣬;صĺܶҶǺѣŲ߾һˡ
ЩҶҲ˵˽飬ȴǴȥˣһչ˫紩һ㣬Ȼ
ղƥĹءҶ칥ȭƾԵЩƮƮˣΧ۵˺ǻɣҶȭŴϡ᲻ڸ
ֻ˲֪еȴ֮
ΪҶ칥ȭſʵÿһȭ̺һھʹҲҶԼϡ
Ȼֻ̤˻һŹ򣬶ƿأԶҶϸ΢£ƴԵЩˡ

зһϺȣȫ˫֮УͨҴ󿪴ϣҶǿӲ
Ҳûа취еİ취СŲĹҶ졣ֻӲӲ򣬱ƵҶԼȭԡ
ѾƴһǵҶ죬ԼĶ̴ȥĳ
ʱҶĽŲȻˣ²˰ԲΧ
һײҶĶѧģǸȻɲʦжһƵĴлǷǳڵġ
ͨȭҲ֮ҶİԲȴǲ˺ö࣬ת֮ʱʱоһʹȴǳҶ켸ȭ
ǣ⼸ȭȻЩʹûеôʱҲ˼רӦҶǼĹ
Ҷ𣬽ŲȰԣο쵽ʱΧ۵ֻܿһӰΧܡ
Եоʮַḻ˿Ѿ˺ҶվԭأԲӦ䣬ҶļνϮ˳ȥ
˶ܿȻʱ·磬ȴǳ飬ӹ񣬱򷴰ΪʤӣϾǼġ
ʹ죡
˽֣ҶȭžͽսǺƴȴ֣Ҷ˿ҲǻѪó졣
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һǧսܵ˲·ĻҲܴʮ˰
ɱһǧ˰˰ٵŹֵܰʮ겢ҽ뻯ѾǼΪˡ
뻯һ۷壬˴ʱȭ;ͬ飬ֻҪϢǿ԰ܵġ
ƹزãûʱ뻯ĸܣͱλôүˣžǺҶ춯֡
ҶĹϡƽ½ҲͰˣƫƫҶΪҪȭžཻ֮£ڵ˳
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Ͷŷͬ뷨˲Щɽˣ۾ЩˣһѪ·Լȥһ㡣
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׼ҸӵȥƱضԺŵľʵɼĳһõĻܻܿᷢͬе顣
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ޱںϰѾˣҶͲֺ񣬵¿˵᳤Щƣ;Ͳμˣλֵܰھɣ
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Ҷ˵ŷȻЩʧҲҶȰҶ˼֮ȥϢˣĺŴᣬ¹ش
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Ҷүôǣǿطĺ񣬾ڱǵġ
ͷһľ±ЦطȨƵĻ˵ȷ۸
ǵһлѡʱЩνľִţر渺ıЩ˰ߵġ
Ȼһ·񱣻Ҷ˰ȫƵģһֱ͵нׯ԰ȻֻܺǰͬһȺׯ԰档
ׯ԰淢ʲôǾ޴ӵ֪ˣķɣ˽˲ƲһУȨġ
Ҷүˣ
ҶүҰһҪһ
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˵һλһݡ
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Ƶϴ֣үڼöˣܲ𣿡
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612 ϴ֣£
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ͬ˵ĳЩʱѾҪһЩˣڷչейԣҪġ
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ޱ֪ӶЩȤ΢һ£˵ӣҹƻҪŦԼһʱ䣬Ҵ£ԺҲġ
裬ûµġھɽɽҲҪͣһʱ䣬ʱȥŦԼɡ
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һսȻ඼ڰĳͻҲЩԹֵĳңĽϴʽλ𾯽乤ĺŵӣٴһ㡣
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ʱһʮͷȺ˳ꡱһŨ̵µϡ
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״磡
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ںŵ磬ȻЩ˽ԹˣҲֻҸղ˵ǿŨ̵Ҳ˲еԹ
ڷǰǸˮ裬ȷʵǽɣһˮҫ۵Ľ⣬ںʮֺ˫ַŵ˽֮С
˫ڽвسϴţҶ죬˵ݺὭʮ꣬ɱӯҰнգܵգȫҶүͣҶүΪĳ֣
ϴֵʽʱҪһλ¸صǰ֣Ҳй֤˼պ˭ҪѰϴ˵鷳λǰҪġ
Ҷ֣ԢⲻҶŹ׻һҶҲˣվ
Ҷ̾˿˵׳ϣ׻ͷֱƣüëݡխǺܺãҪ꣬ɱ֮
ͷֱƴʬüëݡխ˵ƢҶ뷨׻ܻѾˡ
ллҶүѣĳȥϼӹ̣ܽ
һݣһʦԪ˵Ļ˿Ĵ⡣


613 Ů
Ҷ˵ͷȴ̾˿׻˵춨ܶˮʦȻݳȴ޷ı
ǡƱͼǧ꣬ǧУҲδûиʿݳеİأԴҲʮֵӡ
ʷ糵һʱգиӦȫӦˣҲҶЩԶߵ֮
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øɾ˫֮ϴֵʽҲˣӽ׵ճԹһʹ
壬ϲ
׳ϣϲ
ܣԺౣأ
Χ۵˷׷ӭȥ⿪˺һʱĴˣҲǸпǧ׻˵һ뽭ɼ֪Լպ³ء
һĻҶޱ˵Ⱥ棬˺Ͷŷк뿪ׯ԰
裬ҪȥĶ
İһԵľͷ˳ӣҶЩֵʵ
ȻԸŦԼ㴦סĵط
ޱЦӸҶһԿס˵⸽Ҳ˴ӣǰɽɽʱסǵģƽҲ˴ɨסȥˡ
ڷ֮ǰޱͺŵĹϵ쳣УÿҲҪɽɽϣľð˷
ɡȥء
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617 Լ
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Ǹţ1907꣬мصսΪ476սȫʤ241ж֡
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97̨󣬾ҲûдĶǴºšĿ˹ٱ
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Ӱʮ֮йںȭı΢Ժһʱ֮⣬Ҳûͳκȭȭˡ
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˶³Ķע󣬶ǩԼ֣Լһһʽݣ³һ⣬һݱɯŮϡ
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Ҫ֪Ҷۼάģı£뽫ҲҪһۣףά⻰άԲǸ˵Ķ֡
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ףά˵ͷʵ֮ǰ׼μӺȭҪԭ򣬾Ϊս


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ҶĻףάû޳ɯŮſɲʲôƵλѽɸУҪӯġ
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ҵǻᣬؼ𣿡ҶЦָָſǶһĵط
ҿ͵ĳʮԪ
ףά̧һɫʱȻиʮҵң治ʸ档
ֶķʮԪһעĳ룬׾ͻǧԪӮģǿɾףάһˡ
߰ɣǻɹ̫ȥҶЦһףάſȥ
λô漸ѰոߵſڣӭˣΪ׵˶һѵ³
˹ά˹Ķҵ࣬ףάҲûʲôøУ˽Ÿסˣüͷ΢壬˵ǶûȤã
йо仰Ҫǧ֮
³Ц˵йףɣξǹģ
ңʲô£ףάЩؿ³ӿûʲô


621 ս£
Ŷ׼ȷ˵Ӧλ㡭
³ʼ򣬽˳˵ֻǽǺʶһ£
³һ׾Ŷ࣬ԲվһǽƵģȴİСҶ춼ûע⵽ǡ
˭ʲôأףά翴˺󣬲һ¡
ȻĲ࣬˵òȴȫͬһ˵ףףάû´ĻӦձˡ
һ˵òǴŷֵص㣬ףάЩò׼ǵˡ
ףλձƽҰһλӡȵĸʲô飬ҾͲ֪ˣ
³̯̯֣˽ܸףά磬ҶУһ˿ﻹЩֻЦݡ
ңʲô飿ףάǰһɫѾܸоõ϶ûʲô˼
ңձºȭ֯йºȭսϣףܷ񣬽ҵս
ǸƽҰһɵձˣӿڴͳһļ˫־ٵףάǰеӢȻ˵ЩӲףά绹˼
սʲôˣ
վſڵףάҶƽҰһɵĻЩڶĸشǣҲˣʱһѷľ˹
ȭսǺҹġÿһսһʢ˥䣬ҲٵӰȭг
ձսйˣǿ𰡣
³Щɿ˼档Χ۵˺ܿŪԭί
Щȭϰ弸Ǻڰģûм񣬶ʱ϶¶ֻЦݣ˳
ԲֻǹĦ˴δᣬûнս˼Ҳûдȭǰʧˣ
ƽҰһɺΧȺĻףάɫ˲һһٵĽǷ˵˳
裬ʱףάеĸо裡
սһΪӵձˣףάżҪըˣһԼϳձ˵ս
ףά绹ѹȥʵȭǸڻң˴˵ҲҪóȥ
ûϵģǿⳡ֮ȭʱص㶼ףֻҪǩԼͿˣ
ƽҰһ̧ͷȻЦݣ˵ĻȴͱˣŴƲףάš
һףάɫıˣĽڱԷ˵֮Ҫٲսǵھձ˵ͷˡ
ףά֪ĺȭ֣͹ʺȭĻкܴĲ࣬սĻʤʽἫãġ
ףܡǴˣǾܽĵ̣
ףάѵʱҶͻȻ˽ףάʵй˵ĵطת𣿡
ҶȻڵˣҲˣףйҪ飬ƾȫǹϵ
ԾףάˣҶƽҰһҲ޷͸йȥνĵ̣һջˣ
ףάЦһ˵Ҷ죬㲻˽⣬˵ĻҾͲڹپӪȭˣҵЩͻҪƽڵ̣ʵһҪڹڵġ
ȭҪԴȻЩǰζĵĿˡ
ףά˵ĻƽҰһЩ˵ԴȫھйԶĹкȭ
ټ֮ĹϵƽҰһΪͷѸռйȭг
ȵϿֺȭʱͿĻЩйӪȭлȡ
ףά֪ȭģӲ׾ʹӦƽҰһɵսһ˸ȫȥ
Ҷ۹ɨվƽҰһߵǸӡˣƺҲһļֵʵˣǸʲôİ
ӡȵĸȣҲףս
ӡ˵̬ҪƽҰһưĶ࣬˻еԼ˵ҾӪ̩ĺȭأףͬĻԸǸȭΪ˴ս
ȴ˻һڶʱһ󾪺Щ˵ǾڸȶףάսǲȻó̩ȭΪע
˵ǸطȭΪʢУ̩ǵ֮ģȻ̩ʢз̣Ǵȭ̩ÿһƶе롣
̩ȭ̩Ĺ̩ȭҲ̩Ե˶̩ȭȭͷ⣬ȭýšϥǺⲿԷ
ĲȻʢ̩кܶ˲μӺȭΪԼֵ֧ȭע
ȭڶ׷ߣнǮеλ𾴡
̩ĶӵƫԶũĶӣΪ̩ȭھںǰƶҪ·е̩ȭԳƶ߻߱ƫԶũ
̩ȫԶģȭ֮ʢУŷһЩж۲
Ⱥ̩ϵãȴ޷ȥȿĶע󣬺ܶ˶Ƕ˼
ȣ㾹Ȼð̩ȭóҪ˹ά˹Ƶҵٷ֮Ĺɷݣһô
ЩûʲôѴڵģ໥ֻ֮ǣ³ھ㵹󣬾Ȼȷս
³򣬰չ涨ÿһȭֻܷһսͶ˹ĶѾǩԼ˰ɣ
ĳ߳һϼŸ˿۾ȥ˹ĵˣ˵ȣӢĺȭģټȥܵһƥΣ
Цҡҡͷ˵Ͽأȷź񣬲ҪףӦҵĶעҿɾûǩԼˣ
ȻЩɵûдӦս
ǸϿ˭ҶСףάʵ³˵עƺе˸Ⱥ˵ϡ
Ӣıҵ࣬»һ֧ӣ˵ƥֵϵģ
ףάԣϿغںȭĵλǸսNBAǵĵλһûμδ֮ǰףάоǸ
ףսϣҪܾ
ԼΪǣƽҰһЩ죬˵עָ˹ȥ֮кܶԹϣͨζԾ֤˭ǿģ
˵ʲô
ƽҰһɵĻףά۾ʱѾ˹Ҹ߶ȣȻ֪ڼԼףά绹̲סˡ
侲£
ףάҪսʱҶļ˵ɣ
Ȼ²ؼ߸߹̬μӴ˴κȭģƽҰһɵƣҶҲ޷ˡ
Ҷ죬ֻ֣ҪӮȫҲ㶼УҶĻףά۾ˡ
ҪļҲʲôҶЦЦȴð˺⡣


622 Լ
Ҹνйˣ裡
ףά۾˵Ҷ죬ҪǲңҾԼⳡȭҲˣ
ףά粢вҶô˵Լﻰ
ףάСĹ£汲Ŀս飬ձ˵ĳڹģΪĸƴġ
ףܣҪİɣձɱĶˣںһġ
ҶϴЦݣ˵Ļȴ쳣ܵʦԪѬգձҲûʲôøУҲɱˡ
ףά磬Ҷǰһ˵ƽҰһҵǺսӡȵĸҲǷսҺѡˣ
ţôû뵽һأ
ҶĻףάéٿԼһ䣬ȻҪսԼɴǹҧȥ
˭
ƽҰһɲƵĿҶ죬ղѾףάĻˣȴǱľƽϢȥ
ҶЦЦĿƽҰһɣ˵ҶҶ죬ҶҶص죬ҵ𣿡
Ҷ죿
ƽҰһԳһΪεս׼ȻҶ֡
ȻϴҶսغʱûκӰƽҰһɻǴˡնϼغ֫ģһҶˡ
Դйĵºȭ֯𣿡
˵ʵƽҰһɶҶ컹ʮּɵģΪغȻձĺȭ֣Ľڱ񶷽ȴܼ
һ֣ȻҶõ֫ɼҶʵ֮ǿˡĵͲƽҰһɵܿġ
ҶȻԴйȭ֯ռйȭٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ
ƽҰһɵĻףάվ˳ΪҶ˳һھͽԼеĹɷݶڵҶϡ
Ҷ쿴ףάһۣ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ƽҰһȻ͸йĺȭȤ룬ǲǿǩһԼأ
Լôǩأ
Ҷ˻һƽҰһסˣҲҶ˼
ܼ򵥣ƽҰһȺ͸һӮһԺ֯ǩԼ֮ǰĶע棡
ҶȻ΢ЦȴŭѣѾ뵽ʮһˣЩ˾Ȼҽйһ⡣
ҲһֱŰձССӡȣȻҲйҶǱžǵĴ
ȴһٺǴ򣿡
ȺܿŪҶ˼ҡͷ˵У̫ƽˣǶս֮õĶעҪԶйȭļֵģ
ˣձȴһԽܡӮˣձټ̩ȭȥйгЩˡ
ƽҰһ˼أҶûлشȵ⣬ǿƽҰһɡ
ƽҰһȻ͸ȶϣҲҡͷ˵˵öԣⲻƽ
̩ȭڹ϶ǷǳģƽҰһȻԼµȭֺģҲûоԵİսʤȵˡ
עƽȣ
ҶȻʧЦ˵ǲǿɣעԵȵĻǿԽԼģ
½˿¶һ˿˵ȻȭҪ෽ٽֻҪõóעкܶ˶Ըĵģ
أƽҰһ㲻ǺϣⳡԾֳ˫˭ǿ˭𣿡Ҷ콫Ŀ⿴ƽҰһɣѸղŶԷȫ˻ȥ
˵ĿⶼԼϣƽҰһҧҧ˵Ҳͬ⣬սȭֻǿⲫʹ
غƽҰһɶҶ쾯쳣ʵҶġ
Ҫ֪ǽǵҪغ̶ֳȣҪһʮĿ๦ġ
ҶţƽҰһҲ϶ȭ͵һƽҰһûҶ죬ͺûצӵϻһ
ʹҶ΢΢£û뵽ƽҰһ⣬û
ƽҰһɼҶԥΪԼжԷҪѨأص˵ͷ˵ԣǲʹ񶷣Ҫͬ⣬ҾʹӦս
ɣǾͲʹ
Ҷν˵ƽҰһЩɵۣǡǶעأóĶעǲԵȵģ
ƽҰһɲηйĺȭ֣ǶϸȣȴЩ飬ﲻԼǸҪȴû뵽ҶһڴӦ
ףܣҳǮ飬Ҫ˰ɣ
Ҷعͷףά磬۵ķˮֺҲòǮˣҪ֪ǧĶעǸЦ
û⣬Ҷ죬Ǯ
ףά˵ͷһ֮˵йĺȭ֮⣬ҶóԪΪע֪λǷأ
̩ձ޺ȭΪʢеĵطÿĴӦöԪҡ
ףά翪˰ڣط룬ҲǺȭ۵ͨñ׼
ʵףά籾òǮģڹڸ񣬶һЩϵܵóʽΪӣףά
Ԫһ£˵ͷ˵ͬ⣬ȺձսȻսʤսй
Ϊ̩ӡغȭĻϰ壬ȵĵ̷ǳ񣬺֪ܶǰʮĺȭ֣˾¡
Ը㹻սһȭִеֻҪӮɳһȭֺйȭֽкȭġ
أƽҰһ㲻Ǻ˰ɣµĻֻҪ˵ձȭֲйȭ֣Ҿֱӽܸսˡ
ҶųŪĿ⿴ƽҰһɣǸղŽе죬ҶȻŹġ
˸£ձҲǰʮĺȭֵģ
ȫȭϰ壬ƽҰһʾƣΪһЦҲֻҧӦ
ǺãǾǩԼɡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˿ƽҰһɷڵĻᣬתȺ˵ɭԱ߿˺ܾð֪Լ᲻Υ涨أ
յÿμӺȭĸֻܶսһΣԼȴǳ룬ҶŻɭ
Ǿٰ޹񶷣ûʲôֻҪͬˣûκε
ɭЦϺһ㣬ԣսԽǻ𱩣ĺҲԽ࣬ⳡ񶷵ͷſúܶ糬ǰ¶עˡ
ǺãɭƶԼɣҶͲƽҰһʲôɣ쵶նĽ鶨
ȻûսעѾ˵ˣƶԼǺѵ飬̶̵֮󣬾˽¸ĶԼ˹


623 ǩ
Լݺܼ򵥣һȭƽҰһɵ˶սȵȭ֣߷ֳʤʤ߿ףάȭսףά粻þܾս
ԼƽҰһɺ͸ͬʱüͷǾһ۾ͿеĲ֮
ףʺսʱصΰŵأ
ƽҰһɴ˴δλȭǰμӺȭǱҲг֣ʱԿʼս
ףάûдȭμӴᣬǶЩǣһԼˣףάһصĲſϽкȭǰԸˣˣ
ƽҰһɵĻףά粻Ҷ쿴ȥ¶Ҳġ
Ҷ¶һ˿ЦƽҰһ˵˫ս󣬺ǵĺȭʱԽУ
ʱԣҶĻøһ£ʵǲûȭϴôб
ǵȭĴмˣйӴгʹߡ
ԴףάҶϴһֱڹעŶˣףάҶϴǼǵݣûȭֵݡ
Ҷ쿴˸һۣ˵μӱ
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ǰٷ֮ʮˣҲ˵һٳֻʧ߻ţҼʹŵˣҲΪзϵģ
ʱ˹ĵıѾˣ֮һɿȣ뿴Ҷݺ󣬱ŵƨӡ
ʤȻͲˣҲΪʧߵģ
ȺܿʧˣҶûκεı顣Ȼǵ·ΪԼʤȻһ¡
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ǲȭʲôطѽ
ƾ壬ȥᱻ˸˺ģ
Ǹȸо죬Χ۵ЩˣҶŵı֣һҲǸо
Ҫ֪ǶǾӪȭϰ壬ȻԺȭַǳ˽⣬ܴȭˣϱһһǰ˭ɱ
һȭֱرĻʣûɱȵϵǫֵ̃̄ûˡ
Ϊһȭ֣ǿȻö˵ǵΪ˵ҲǸС
Ҷûбֳɱ·Ҳû͹ļ⣬˵Ǹѧ߹˾쵹Щ񣬵ԺȭֳϹϵġ
Գڳ֪һҶ׵ƽҰһɻףά֮⣬˶ΪҶԴˣȻܵ˵
ˣ˵ҪεġҪμӺȭҶ첢ΪΧȵɫ
²ɫˣһֿ϶Ƿӣһ֣ǿĵˡ
Ҷò峺ǸӣǾֻһֿˡǸز¶ĸ֡
ȵĻΧ۵ЩҲʶһ㣬ЦͣЪ˵ĿⶼеҶϡ
Ҷ첻ɫ˵ûҪ㲻ŵĻ԰ҵдȥ
ãھǩԼ
Ȼӡˣɲỵ̂Ȼûƻµ˼ͲҶ̨أǵǽйгװøġ
Ҷظһ飬˴νеǿ޹񶷣ʹñģ
ƽҰһΪҪȸȽһЩΪ֪ñĵǼٵģҶûԵҲԳΪһʦġ
û⣬ƽҰһǲˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ¶һ˿Ūɫ˵Լûǩȫ˳ֱӺ͸˽ȭˣ
Ҷ컰еĳζƽҰһ¶һ˿죬ȴǱѹȥ˵ãھǩԼ
ȻиоЩԣƽҰһɶȭֻǺĵģȻйԼ̩صӴгҲĶҪԭ
¸ĶһԼʱ䳡ضȥƽҰһɺ͸ǩԼ֡
ȵףάǩ֮Լˣһʽķݣ˵⣬ɭȡһΪ֤
ȭʱǶϾŵ㣬һͽƽҰһɺ͸֮սʤ߽12ӵʱȥսҶ졣
ˣλҪȥϢˣϼ
ףάպԼҶ㽻һ䣬Ƚȥ˵ʵ콫ҪеȭûŮѹ
Ҷı֣˵û˵ʲôΪڴֻε˻ȫǸȭϰ壬ѡ֣׼żĴս
ǩԼףάҲûŮ˵˼ˣΪȭʼ֮ǰĶעҪֵģԪҲһʿҵ֡
٣ֻҪμȭϾͱ˰
Ҷףά׼ؿͷʱȴǱһӦλһAⷿĺ̶ȴǱCǿ̫ˡ
ˣ⣬ȥɣ
ףάӦһС֮󣬰̨ϹۿҶ˻˵Ҷ죬аûУôżǩԼأ
ڶǷԼʱһɽһ㣬ѹףάͷϣҲ˵ǱʰԪĶעҶİȫҲܳܵġ
ȻҶڹڵĺȭչֳ˾տļˮƽڿڹʺȭԭҶףά磬Ҳ쳣
ҶܣףάĲ֪ԼγμҵŭҶ֮ԻŮϣɶɿİ
СӣղԼҪȥƴ
ҶЦؿһףά磬˵⴦ŵ̫үݰģҰΣ
˵ʵףάı֣ҶЩĿ࿴ƾ汲ĹӸ磬ſȡ֮ġ
ҴţҲǹֵ߹ģ
ףά类Ҷ˵ЩҲסû˵¿ɲǶϷǮһܳܣһҪǳ£Ҫˣ
û£ӮԱеġ
Ҷܸܵõףάĵǣһ£˵ɣȥ϶ѸȺƽҰһȭֵϣҹԽ꾡Խã
ǰλΰ˵սϿӵˣսһҪӵˣҶɲǿԴˣҲΪԼ뻯֮󣬾Ϳ޵ˡ
ãȥһͻ
ףά˵ͷǰ鱨ģȻ֪ЩϵҪԣ˷֮Ǵ˸绰ŴҴҸסķ䡣
ʦҪǼңҪ˵ɱ¾ˣ
ڿҶ쿴žԼףɿЦĽüУȻͷųǿҵɱ
ϰˣľǸɱϣ黹ҪΥĶܵĻҶʣԼһΪľҲдˡ


624 ʤ
Ҷ죬ôô³çƽҰһɺ͸ȿɶǺǵѽ
ףά߽Ķ˲ϿףʹԹҶ죬ǾӪ˽ʮȭˣ֪еĲпѪȡ
Ҫ֪ȭɲ˭Ĺ˭ӮģҪԣҪһҰԣ֮⣬վǫ̃̄ϡ
֪ҶһȭǱϾ綥޹񶷣ʱҶģԶҶȡʤһСĵĻ˵ὫС͵ġ
϶ôʲô
ҶЦ̧һһ£˵ά棬Ҳˣ
ʵԼûͻˣҶһǱȽϾصģȻڹȭ˺ȭ˲пᣬˣҲǵùá
Ҷлҩ裬ûǸҲٳˣ
Ҷ죬άЩԭϴ֮ΪԼȭˣû룬һµʱ䣬ͻָˡ
ά棬Ҫǲ֡Ӻһ㣡
Ҷ쿴һ°άɫвһΪӡУһŨĻҺɫϢҶ
ҶһβμӺȭˡϰӦˣһδҾ˳ȭ졣ȥά·ЦݣӢ˵ĲǺܺãҲûҶ컰еĺ塣
϶Ķ˭ûҶ쿴˶·һ˿𱸵ɫ
ȻˣҶүʲô˰
Ҷ˼Ц˵ά̸˸˹Ĺ׼ˣԲһȭЩǮȥҪ
ά֮Խȭ磬ȫΪļܾͥޱ䡣ˣȴʶһ˹ʿһȥ˾Ȼ˸飬԰άȷ˳ȭͷ
άЩǮסҲܿ죬ϵǮ°뱲ӵģֻɱˣҲֻͨ취׬ȡԼҪõĽǮ
Ҷ㲻õģ˹ѵӪġȻû̹֪㣬аոɵģ
άӢ˵Ĳôﵹ䣬ҶͶĶԻв¶һ˿мɫ
ںȭϰЩǵȭֻһɱ˻ǻη度£Բȥһȭ֣ͬҲȥһ
ǰάҶУΪԼ룬ðάͷӿһִûйĸж
˹㣿ʲô㣬ô֪أİάӣҶҲеЩ档
˹صɨȣĹֶ̫һˣֻҪܽӽҾͿŤĲӣѵӪĽҵ£
ά·˲̵ЦݣЩȭֵûһ˿ĴڣΪǾζǫ̃̄ϱ˵ԼĺˣֵܣҲҪಫġ
ά棬㣬ǰ˹Ķ֣Ҫǫ̃̄ɣЦİά棬Ҷһ˿̣Щϲӣ뿴˻Ĵǫ̃̄ϡ
ҶȻ򲻹ѣţ˹ҲǴ򲻹Ǹͷģ㲻˶ңҶĻ󣬰ά¶˲ɫǵ͵Ķ˹ԸϲŭȫǷϵġ
Ҷ죬ά滹Ǻʵģϴй֮ʮѾﵽİʮȰ˹Ҳ˶ٵģ
ҶɰάʵһʱԸĿģڰﰲάֱɲϣ԰άһʮĺȭҪˡ
϶˹󣬰ά󰡣
Ҷҡҡͷ򰲵ά棬˵֪ǰѵӪģӦ֪ЩѧԱѵжпᣬЩѾĲǰ˹Ķ֣
ҶĻ󣬰άȻˣҶԵûκ˱ѵӪĲпᣬֱǵ
ѵӪȭԴӣѱĸ˶ԱĽͷֻ֣Ҫ̤ѵӪֻܳΪ񶷻ѵӪΧеףǹʵľѲߣκηɱ֮
ӵһȭ־Ҫѡ
Сʱ֮ȭҪ600100סСʱ֮߶30Ӣľ׮ڷյͽֺ6ֻǹͽֳֺֹĽܶѵ
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ҹȭֵᣬñӳǣȭǶһּܣֻҪ춯ͻᾪѲѸӦﲻҪȭ⵽򱻵
صĺȭǡȭ֡⼸֣ŷɥˣںȭǰʮȭ֣ȫѵӪ֮С
άѾʮˣѸоԼ۷壬⼸궼ȡʤҶղŵĻĶҡġ
Ҷүô
ά汻Ҷ˵ĳĬǼˡ
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¶˷ŭɫ֮ǰŰάսʤ˹˵ҲֻһϵҰοѡ
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Ҷֳһ˵ĹŹɫԿ϶˹ĹӦ൱ڻֵʵǾжǿҶͲ֪ˡ
֮ԴӦףάͷƽҰһɺ͸̫й֮⣬ҶǺʤ֣֮꣬ҶһֱǸּįҲһ綥ĸˮƽ
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Ҫսսһ֮ˣڼվ׮ɳɾ͵ģֻ֮ܵõͻƣҶ뻯ѾãȴŴ˴λᣬĥԼԡ
սܻпʵҶǸûȥǣδս԰ܣûһűʤģͲǫ̃̄ˣֱɡ


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һ﴿ɱ˻ҶҲûаȫˣҪ֪ȻУǲ£µ˴ǣʱķɣΪġ
ҶҲѳ˵ǰ棬֮ǰı˵Ļ飬ٲֹˡ
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ҶĻ󣬶ЩŵͶ䣬˵Ҫ⡭𣿡
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£μӺȭȭ֣ҪúܳһʱԼ״̬ڱܷӳԼǿʵҶŮûмһȭ֣ǻԭ
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ҶڵΪҲڶʱڱǿļҶҲЩӵĺȭֲٵġ
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Ҷҡҡͷ˵Ҫ³ǰٷ֮һĹɷݾˣ
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ʵŮϵЩˣЩǺԺգʵƵʽԶЩν׸ɱȵġ
ǸŰͷİȻûϹ񣬵˶֪ҪȱȶǴĸӵĸС
ͱȶǴһҵĳͬŮŵЩˣ඼һЩƳʱҵĺˡ
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ԴЩˣʹЩ񱳾ĿɭҲǲҵȥϢ
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Ҫ֪ȥʱ򣬽ЩµĶע͸ߴŮŴĲ°ҲŮŽƾôһҴڸضĳжһĵҪԭ
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ǫ̃̄ԵϣͿ˹ؽŹΪУҲΨһҪ飬ȵϵǫ̃̄Ϻ󣬾ûʲôˡ

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627 пᣨ£
ַΧѬ£ڵЩŮһԼǰݣһһȼգֻǫ̃̄ϵѪܽǵĻϨ
ȭõǫְ̃̄ҵȭǫ̃̄Ҫ΢Сһ㣬Χڵңǫ̃̄ϲûְҵõĻ棬ʯ̾͵ĵϣȻûˢɾĺɫѪ
ղ˹̨µʱ͵Ĳ컹ôԣͬʱվ̨ϣǵӾͷǳֱˣڿ˹صǰǴС˹һ㡣
ոյǫ̃̄ȭֶЩ˫ڲͣŶһ˫۾ضڿ˹ص紦˹ص۾ǸķǲԵδ׳˫ϡ
֮սû˻ĵģǾǶԼĲΣڱ֮ǰ֪˹صɱ˫ֽɱֻҪöԷһµĿԾͷǳˡ
ͬںȭԲ߳İСȲֲһУֻȲֵ߽Դ߱ˣ֮
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ףάŹֵı飬ҶҲ˹ȥǸʮҵİŮӣʮֻ𱩣ǰԲ򣬹͵ĶСﵯˡ
˷ռСŮȡ棬ϲ̼֪ͶϹˣףάƲƲ죬¶һΪȻ顣
Сף˵ϲˣǲҲһȰΪϲЦ
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ںȭǵʮһλĴºžͽжߣһеֺǰϮȥͬʱͣ˹صλóš
ĹֶȻܵһǿȥ۵ĳȣȴʮֵĿֲ˹סĲߺ¶˿־顣
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Ƕǰ󣬿˹ز֪ԷߵĴºŲǰģѾľû֪ˣͱҧеζҲ޼

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ڶŵĹҪԶԶһµ͵Ϯһڿ˹صԴϺ󣬳˶ˡꡱһͨ棬֮һĻ˵ǰ
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Ȼһȭʤѷ˳̨ϵĸ񶷻ڼš
ڲһӵʱߴڿ˹ͷϺ󣬿˹ӴҲվסˣڹԣûе£Ǻ֪ȥ
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ꡱһ죬ֱŵĿ˹أԴȻ˸˹ػ֪Ļͻ֣ᷢȻԿԼĺ󱳡
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ӿ˹󣬿˹ӴҲ޷ֱˣƽɽĺȻأһ졣

վǫ̃̄мзһҰް˻𣬷йŶս֮ԼĵĿ־壬ĿǶһ㶢ǫ̃̄µˡ
ǺĿԵˣﶼһëȻûκν񣬸Ͳӵеģ类ɱĿ˹һҲѽԼһˡ
˵ʱ̨µĲӦ̨ȥ˹ǷͲȥԶľߣǸд㣬صϢȥ
ںȭʷϣеͺȭһĸߣÿȭвбˣö֮޹ҲΪһȫûвв˶


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ոòֶδ˹غȻЩʧأеĻһ˫۾ͬ߰ؿ̨£ŵǲ˼
ǰͷȭʧأڴԷָɵе飬ȻȭҲǹˡ
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Ļеǹ˨ٲĻȨǫ̃̄ϣҪ֪ЩڿҪֵǮĶࡣ
ǹ˨˹һѾϢȫ޵Ŀ˹أ¶һ˵Ŀ⣬תղеķԸھѺ£صȭϢС
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ǰ׳ôĸӣҿѹǧԪ
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ڿ˹رԱ̧ȥʱ򣬳ڴһЩȻǽעѹڿ˹ϵˣʱֻзŭȴû˿ߵ
ģ϶߿ɭұʱеĹڶҪǩһԼǸҿҵĻһὫȫɱģ
Щ˵ĻҶɫɱ¶˳ǹɱ֮ĸоߵĶףάͬʱһ
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ҶүЩ˿ɲɱġ¶һսģ
ںȭ˻˺ܶ꣬ÿ궼ܼЩصĳ֪Щ˵ӴȫĸרңǺЩɱ˲ѪļһǱȣǲ˺üεġ
˭һתģǵľͲ𣿡Ҷָָ̧ȥĿ˹أһڣҶ컹ܣԼͽսҶȻ鷢ġ
Ҷүûֹءֻһȭ˶ѣû˵ɭȥǰﳬ
߿ɭǽеսԼϲûصģ
ҶЦһ˵ͬĻȨĵصŵĵطȥɣҴȭΪֱ˵ģ
ҶǷԼףάǩģֻǹ涨˱ʱ䣬ûд˭սͱĵص㣬һ˵ҶļǿԳġ
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ҶԪЩʱֱŮţкܶ೬ǽŸϵģǶԣսϳսĺȭ֣Ϊġ


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ԼĲʽҲӵĶصЩǿѡ񵥶һҲѡȥʤߣԷֱʽӸߵġ


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ƽҰһһ־ı飬ձһҹ֪˾ĴɶΪζսʱһ˿ǳĽס
ƽҰһ˾ٷ֮ʮֵʮԪĹɷݣŷ޵һλл˸صȨ
ƽҰһɿӮⳡֱӻóԪֽ⻹й̩ȵصĺȭ꣬ͿԽǮ׬ˣһռ˵Ͷʡ
ģЩ˵Ȼάʤһʮ˵ʣػʤֻһˣ̫̫ˣ
ʾϵʣףάֱҪץˣԼҲΪάûκսʤصĻᣬϾԷٶǰάĿǡ
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һѾƣ˹˵ҽصɭص­ϣɭصصײΧϣֱ뵽ڣһͷԵڵء
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ܶ໹ûµעĿˣ׷ʾʼȻػʤֻ˵ʣǮҲǰ׬ѽЩͶʮڵĴ󵥡
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ףάע⵽ҶĶ˵Ҷ죬ǮҲҪôѽǿǧԪ
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633 򱬣ϣ
Ȼȭʵıкܶ࣬˵ĳȴǼ٣Դ֯ſЩ׵ʣΪҲΪάʤĿԲ
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Ҷ˵ͷάıҹʮʱУʱҶƲ𰲵ά˵һ۾ģڴЩȭݽĳǻϵı顣
ڴ̼ѪȵĺȭУʱɹķǳ죬Сʱһգ۾͹ȥˣʱָʮһʮ˷ֵʱϢҵĴűˡ
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ά棬ȥɣԴ
ҶߵάߣֿƺڰάĺԴһǣܿؽ˻ȥ
ҶջֵͬʱάȴǷһͺڲϲţɫֱ¶·һһȦ
ԭάľͺܸߴôһ仯ӵɲļ⣬ʱᱬըһſڵ򰲵άʱжǿ־ɫ
㣬ϳˣȻ£ְڣһǹָ°ά棬ʾ߳Ϣҡ
ںȭʷУҲһЩȭΪп־壬ϳʱ᲻Ըսǽǽ䵱Уڱά氲ȫͬʱȻҲ縺Ρ
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һ˫۾һѪǶɱ¾Ŀû˿߱С
ģ⻹𣿡
ϵۣŪ𣿡
ⲻǰά棬ҿ飬ʱ˱ȭ֣
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634 򱬣У
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άֻһɵĴ̿㣬弸ȫ¶棬һڵƹ·Ž壬űըԵƺ˺ǰеĶ֡
һ̣ʧˣ˶û뵽оһİά棬Ȼ˳ڵ壬ճսĿ˹أڰάǰֱСһ㡣
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ſɭĻϳ˰άƬȻʱûôţҲ˵ùȥϾӰϺͱȣǻһЩƫġ
ЩĶԱȡĬĬͣܿóվǫ̃̄ߵİά棬ȷͻгֵӰһˣԶûǰİά𺳡
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ȺԻз˸صĺպ216սжֵսͲǫ̃̄İά棬˸׺ݵĹâ
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ʵЩӴİά棬ûܶһţֻ΢΢̧һ£ءһ죬Ƚһ
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һʱЩ㶣ΪԼ˴ȫһţһ20ֵʯҲһ߶ϣôܻоʹأ
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߱Դ߱غ裬ɱ
ѵΧǫ̃̄ܵ˷ʵΪȵĿ϶ǰά棬ָˮƽĶԿУʧȥƶԣǽֻ


635 򱬣£
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ȭУһ㶼ǹȭΪ̽Խʹõģڰάϣͬ޴󣬶ҴЩ˵
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˳Դȥڷһ󾪺ΪվڰάǰĸأԴȻˣֻʣһ忿ڱΧϣʹڵƻͨǫ̃̄ϣҲ˿һ䡣
걬Ժﶼôһʣά⿴һȭȻӲİѸصԴˡ
޴ʹø沿ȫ飬ϳѪԽѣ׵ܲסɴƤⱻĳϣǿŲȱȫͷ­ȴش˸صؿڴ
ϵۣĴ˸أ
Щ˴ĳǣ˿۾ҲЩֱȫû뵽ⳡһߵıսȴǸرάԴ
˵ƷԼԽζģ˵һҪ
ά¶һ˿Цץصʬ壬ӿѪԽĲλһѺֱ˸ûݵ
һĻ˶ëȻЩСŻʱİάУԵĶĻκԶ޷˵Ĳб


636 ܿ
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άȻɱ¾֮УеĻעʱתƿһ˫Įû˿˫ۣضס˲Уģһͷ˶ȵҰһ㡣
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ԼѪ˫ֻǳʬǰĸأά˫֮УһĿ⣬˸Увţģȴǽѡ
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ڴ˺ܳһʱⳡʱʱڱǾðάȥԱһճˣֻû֪ǫ̃̄¾һսİά棬ȫǰλ͡
桭ʤˣ
ʤףάϻһŵı飬ȻڰάѺһ𣬵Ǹֻһй˵ʵĶ԰άûб̫ϣ
ʵǰɲףά粻ţһԪҲʮڣҲ˵һսӮ̩Լձصĺȭףά绹׬ʮ
𣿡ףάݺݵڴһǣ϶ʱ¶ʧɫģҾ֪Σ˶ǲ۵á
˵ףϵܣҴȰ
ףάߵĶһĽؿ˵СӣȻҲԤϣôû뵽ڶĸأڰάȭ¾Ȼû˿Ļ֮
뵽̲ס͵͵Ҷһۣжһ˿ηףάı仯ǺҶѲϵġ
Ӵۣ˵ղŷһжģ
ףά˴ȣݺݵһ֮󣬿кʹȴ˷ܣһʤһСһԾΪ˺ȭֿȵĴС
Ҫ֪ձľϵĺȭгһĶͽټϺȭʥ̩޺ȭΪʢĵȭͬʱ뵽ףάУ޺ȭĸ֣һµϴơ
ڰά͸صıѾǽһѹˣԵά˻صϢʱȫĵƹȻԸ¶ĿһЩԸѴӰ˳ˡ
˸£йˣʹıֶΣⳡͻȻһӢڳڴ˷׷ѭȥ
ƽҰһɣ䲻ˣ
ɫձˣףά糩Ц֪ҶĳЩǺǫ̃İ취ðάӮⳡȭ
Σȭ޹񶷣ֻȭֵӮȴǲģһЩ͵ȼĺȭУ֮ǰΪȭע䶾Ʒ̼˷ܶȵҲǷǳġ
ƽҰһɵĻֻףάоŰձˣȴԼƵĿףάӮȭʮӵ泩
ʹ˷ܼⲻƽ
ƽҰһɴʱѾҪʧȥˣû뵽Լҵȭ֣ڴԼеĵһУͱ˸ˣձĵȭҲɱ˵Ĳҵˡ
ͻı仯ƽҰһɣ˲õ뵽˵֮УǿҵĴ̼ʧȥ˼άжĹõ˺ȭıˡ
ƽҰһɵĻΧ۵Щȭϰɫ¶˳ɫȭıǹ֧ʹ֮⣬ʲôʱֽˣûй򣬾ǺȭͨõĹ
ƽҰһɣĪ˺Լ
ףάɫһ䣬ոմӰ칫߳Ŀɭ˵ɭ֪ǩԼǷܵõ֣ƽҰһƺԼ
ףŮǩԼᱻеģ˭Υ
ɭ¶˾Ŀ⣬ƽҰһ˵ƽҰһһڣϣܰձȭϺͿͻ϶ƽйףǻɳԱмලġ
ڿɭԣάĻʤŮŷ˽Ԫ󻺽ѹԿɭЩСϰףάһѣҲǿ֮
ҡһԼģ
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ףάƽҰһս֮ͱŻʹֵĲףάҲҪайƽҰһصһǶ⡣
ȻйǶ˹İά棬ձսͬӡȵĸأǰ԰˭Ҳ˵˭ʤӢۺˡ
˸£㡭̫
ƽҰһԭܻףάôһֳһƬĳɫһѪӿ˳ȴŭģıѪһ˶˹ȥ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ףά޹ҡҡͷתһ˿ĸȣ˵֪̩ȭʱԽӸأ


637 䣨ϣ
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ڣ̫˰ɣףάһ£֪ʲô飬֮ΨһĹǸעѡ
ŮϣֻһĿʼ
ҡͷ˵ҶͶҲһɣﻹһƿһ˾ŶƣԶĺ֮һˣҲƷһ¡
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ףάߴһ£ֵ˵ףղźͺүģһת۹ôͲ˰
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ףάһ£˵ɣȰСʱ֮ȥǵķɡ
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ףάӮⳡ֮ǰûȥ˼ص飬ȴɲˣϾںȭеֻһˣйĺȭ֯ûãҪ˵һģӴĵȭˡ
˸ȵ˺ףάȭϢңȻҶͶ˿̶
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άӴʹʱѾָ׵߼ʹɳϣҲܴһεѹϣ¶һ˿ƣ˫Щ
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Ҷոոά¶ɫ䵽άڵԵʣά汾δ̫ܵ˺ȻٽбȴǲܵʲôӰ졣
ҶĻףά˵ͷ˵ǾͺãүѰά˻ңһͷתһǧԪȥ
˴Ůִ飬ȫףάϣȻάʤȫҶĽףά绹һԼ⡣
֪ǱܺսҾðάͰ˹սˡ
İά棬Ҳ˵Լʲô飬ףάǽˣ³֮ĶĶδʼ˭֪Ҷıֽأ
İɣҶܰѸ˶̵ѪƵģοԼأ
ףά֪鲻̫ˬ²˻⣬˵үȸղˣӦǹ̩ȭ̸ҶԹĺȭ̫֯˽⣬ϿҪҰѰѹذ
޷᲻̩ĵȭ׶ѡ˵ͷ˵ߣҸȥɡ
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ףάǵһβμȭᣬȻӮӰĵȭֻܰ̾С˹ʺˣȻҵҶ֡
Ҷ죬ҲȥɡףάתҶ졣
ȥʲôҶҡҡͷ˵ҶЩûʲôȤ϶ͺˡ
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ףάһץסҶĸ첲˵˵ˣֻҪӮⳡҹȭĹɷȫתø㣬̩ձȭҲģֻڸȡȨѣ
ףάǸˣȴǸܴˣڲμ⼸Եĺȭףάʶûǿ֧֣йȭ֯У޵λԡ
ףάӪϲֳɱ¾ʹ̼˶Ϊйĺȭӹ죬Ըóе棬ΪҶҲԸġ
ȫҵģ
Ҷһ£̶æ֣˵ʲôЦĶйȥЩãʲô˵ȻıҲμˣ϶ףȥ˰ɣ
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ҶĻ󣬶ʱˣףάʤô⣬ձ̩ҵȭľӪȨ³ıûʼҶҪ˦ֲܵĻɴֱӴŮȥˡ
Ҷ죬ⲻΪ
ףάҲû뵽Ҷ콫˵˾ɫڿЦһʱףάЩ֪ˣҶ죬ȭԭӮģҪУҺѰģ
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ףά˼Ҷܲ³һЩ޷Ǿ볶ŻƤ죬ȵʲôӦ˵ʱٰԼƳ
ҶָԸ˰ڲˣɴһھͰѻ˵ˣûиףά˿Ļᡣ
ˣˣŰɣҪȥϢˡ
ųĶףά磬Ҷҡҡͷվ˳ȥǸȾΪҪҶûһ˿Ȥ
ص֮ҶרʱȻ붨˽ȥ۾ѾһϼӺľͷ
һ˿ҶֻоˬϽҪıҶ֮ҲЩ
ոرάɱҶ쿴óʵԲʶĻ֮£ս뻯ҿδضĶ֡
ҶԺųơɱħһİ˹Ҳ˼ȤϣϵһսͣͲǰľ磬֮ͻƣ
֮ҶʩʩȻȥˣ˭޷ϿҶʮСʱ󣬽һս
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ʱӣûˣԱҶ߳ͱӭףάסˡ


638 䣨£
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ȱ˵ô࣬㷿䣡
ףάҿһۣƵҶ췵ķ䣬Ҷû뵽ǣȻѾɫףά࣬ƣ֮໹һ˿˷ܡ
˵ʲô˵˰ɣ
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ҶǶϵıлЩѹġ
⼸ȭѾȭĲпѪ¶쾡£ÿһʾȻǰٷ֮٣Ȼ־ᶨҶ죬Ҳұ֤ԼĴǫ̃̄
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ҶĻףά类ˣǸոս͸ȵĻ̸ûü˯͸ѰҶ죬ȴû뵽ƨɡ
˵˵ɣȺǴʲôףҶ˵ҲܣҪǣ֮УҶĳ˷ˣ
˵Ҷ۾зͨз˫ۣףάͶȴ̲סеһ·ǱʲôҰ޶סһ㡣
ӹۿһȭʼҶʶĻɱ⣬˽죬ɱȻﵽ壬Ȼֻй©ôһ㣬Ҳףܳġ
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ԭԼףά֮󣬵һ仰Ը⽫̩ĵºȭףά磬滹̩ϲȭһЩȨ
Ǹһ⣬ǾǺȭ̩һȫԶĵ˶Ӵаٷ֮ʮ̩ͨڣձȣץסЩʵǺܴ
ףά͸һ̩֯ȭǲܵġ
Ҳ˵ףά粢̩߱ǾٰȭҪ֣ƾǲƵĺȭףάҲ޷ġ
ѯ˶֪Բ֮ףά粻Щɵۡ
ȻձĺȭҪһЩףάҲȱĹԱûЩзḻĻԱһҺȭɶǰΡ
ȻӪȭ꣬вپḻˣҪӹأҲ㣬Ҷսʤ˰˹ҲҪǲֽӹ̣ܵԲܸףά֧֡
£ȿǾȽ̩ĺȭƽףά磬һǱҪ֤ŮģҲǱҪߵ̡
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ףά˼ͬ׮ףϾ̩гãڻ߱ӹʮӰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣףάѾ֪ˡ
̸̩ȭĽ׺󣬸ְѻձϣóԪֽ𣬹ձȭٷ֮ʮĹɷݣͬʱפ֣ףάձȭ֯
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¶ҲҪóͬռɰٷ֮ʮڹϵԱҲԳһֹȥ
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ףάһǮȥٷ֮ʮ˵Ĺɷݺӵձȭ֯İٷ֮ʮĹɷݣձȭžԵĻȨ
ҹ̸͸ϸϵ֣̽ףά͸Ȼжˣһݲǩ֣˵һӮҵ䡣
Ȼʮ𣬵һûԭ̩ȭձȭ֯ʮʱ׬ȡȫ̩ȭףάҪĶˡ
ڶ˵Ǽ˸ˣ𱩵ձȭҲǼΪġ
ҶӮð˹֮󣬶Ǻӡصĵºȭ֯һԾΪĺȭӪߣ͸ҲǺѷɫˡ
ףά磬ʵν׵ӮңҲ˵ȺͶҪ֧ʮ̩ͨȭĹɷݣձȭ֯εץС
Ҫ֪йƽ֮ձйܵģ͸ȵ˶õձȭ֯ȨʱףάԴɶݣȻܴˡ
ʱףά绹̩ͨձĺȭ֯йĺȭֻҪиطչʱ䣬ףάţһйȭȭ֯ռһϯ֮صġ
ã̸þˣҸģˣøﶼȥɣ
Ҷףά˵䲢ǺܸȤȫ񶼷˽еȭϣҶԣⳡ֮սĻô潫ҪǰԴǮļһ
𰡣Ҷ죬֪㲻Щ飬ģұҪ㣡
ףάӶͳҹǩһЭ飬˵Ҷ죬ЩȱȵǵʽλӮõʮԪֽ𣬽ȫ㣡
ŶǾ͸Ұɡ
ҶĲɵش۾Ȼһֱ̧ͷʵ˵ʲôǽеֽӮǮȫң
Ҫ֪ףά缸˵ĽǮʹﵽʮ𣬶ףάŮӮõĶעͬҲʮʮԪһʾ޿ˡ
ҶѺڰάϵǧһת۾ͱ˾ڣŮϵĹأǮڽͿԴ뵽Ҷָ˻֮С
仰˵ҶѾӵʮԪңһʾ޿ʹڻҲǰ10ˣԶұҶǶԶԶˡ
ҶҲЩĳȣʱҪӵĿȥЩ۵ĳת֮ǰʲϣȻҲܺЩƽƽˡ
Щµҽ˵ɣǾǮ
ҶĻףάһݣǾȻҶһսأ


639 ħ
ҶӮˣôȻһж˵ǩЭȻȥ
ҪҶˣôףάͱ뽫̩ձһºȭӪΪðάսı꣬ҪһǣһҶˣǴҲʹսᡣ
ףάԣһѣҲ˵μҾԲưոݣ֪ȥޱͣŮҪƫִ϶Ƿǳµġ
ҶҪںȭɥĻҲùΪҶǺ֮бĴУڰĶսкҶ콻õŷɣҲĲġ
ҶүЦˣĲ˵ֻҪаάǫ̃̄ϵ״̬˵ǰ˹ˣǵҲĶֵģ˵ǲǰ
Ҷһϯףά϶ʧȥЦݣ˴˿ǲʶǰ˲ŽǾɰܵĹؼ֮ǰЩΪȴЩΪʱˡ
˵ҲǸйˣǺȭʷϽеȫʤսɹ˳ȭ֮һһžʱȥʮ꣬Ǽյĺȭ֡
һ433ս433ʤ352ж֣սǻжֵĳΣ֮ǺȭʷΪΰȭ֣⻰ȴǺݺݵһҶƨ
ά״̬ǿ˻ʩչѨ֮
ҶЦһ˿û飬Ǵʦ԰ǸӡҶԼȴǲԼԴֽŵģֻҪвɾй³
Ҷүǡô죿˹ɲôöԸİ
ԭΪҶʹðάİ취ԶҶսʤ˹û˿ĵģҶĻԺвɸֳ˹ײеĿ
Ϊʮͻӡȭ֣˹չֳǿͳμӵʽȻֻ167սȴȫʤ116ǵжֵġ
˹ʮμٶೡķȭܶೡζһж࣬һһĶ֣ǳС˹ȫУɾħԼɱħƺţ
˵ڵĺǫ̃̄ϣֻҪа˹ĳ֣вȭֶоսģЩ˹ĳǣڿӰҲ鲻ԽĲ
϶֪ͺˣЩˡ
Ҷ쿴Ŷӣҡͷ˵ˣǶȥɣʱҡҪúðһ£
ȭĹԶԶҶ֮ǰ󣬼ʹΪҪЩǧһţҲǸɥĽ֣Ҷ첻˿Ĵ⣬ҪԼľ״̬
ףάͶҲʶ˽һսҪԣҲҶԣæ˳Ҷķ䡣
ֱߵӵʱҶŴӷ˳ӭѾſغ˼СʱףάͶµЩʳ
ҶԵĲֻ࣬ǼˮͲĸʳڽи֮ǰᵼжٻЩѡעӪҺͺˮ֮⣬һ춼ʳκεʳ
ϰ˵ӵʱҶףάһ뵽ŮŵĺȭУõȭǰЩͬȭλŮŵĵĲ㣬һԼõĳء
ǫ̃̄ҲܓΧģǱһǫ̃̄Сһդǫ̃̄Ԣ⣬Ȼǲݣֻһܴ߳
ǿɭͷΪ콫һͬդжսִмǿĴ̼ҲڳĳѪġ
Ȼɭ˾ٻһĿģǾΪ˷ֹ˶Ҷ챬ֿڣıҶɵȻǩԼǶŮŶҲһΪ鷳顣
դΪ壬ʱǿٶȽ˵ĿƷͳԱŮܵ˺鷢
Ҷ֮½½Ŀʼ볡ˣϰ䣬һɶٰʮˣڶ̶̵ʮڣЩλȻȫˡ
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Źͺȭֵ˫ݣҶ첢ҪϢ
ЩŮŮҶ¶һ˿ַɫΪЩդܵסҪ˸ҳĻҶԻÿɭͷһġ
ϣĸҵĳɹߣҪһ˿ƫִͷģʱҶѾ״̬ΪΪߵøԶԼһκġ
Լ֮⣬ҶȻں˵ʱͱȭһͷֻҰްıɱ¾Ҫ˺Ƭ
ǣŮʿǣŴﶼһ㺦°ɣ
ھŵӵʱ򣬿ɭ׼ʱسǸդм䣬õ٩˵ڵħ˹ıǩԼҲòǵĵðɣ˽һ¶ս˫Ϻʣ
ȻʮСʱǰɭ֪˶ս˫ԹڹȴǴʱŽеġ
мǸ޴ͶӰĻʱһԼһװ˰ˣƤڣһ޺ŷ޻Ѫ׵ˣĻϣǰһıҪߵȭ֡
ܶݣʮվڰ˹ǰǸ˸ȭ֣Ȼǹ˰˹ǰ̶һͷȥҲû
һת˹ĲߣֱӽֵԴ߱ˣĻʮΣ˹Ǽ򵥶ЧʵĹַȻչֳһֱС
ڳЩȻֻ֪Ӱϣ̲סش˹ѾɱΪһּɣֻɵ걻ͽɱܣʻ˶ѡ
ֱ˼µ飬ǺܶһδܹģЩɱ¾ĳΧ۵ֻоټطڼӿһڸ޲ñϿʼ
ʮΰȭ֡˹ԣΰû֮һʲô̩ɭƶºȫң˹԰ǵԽ߳
˹Ļ㲥ӣͶӰǱرպդмֳ˿ɭӰǴɿԵĻϵڴ̼˵񾭡
ɭҪˣһսȭ˭Ҫϣнʣ
ɭû£ͱڵ˸ϵˣе֪˭ôȻȥս˹˾ȻǺȭ֣ǺһĹ塣
Щ˿սǸν壬ֱһ񲡻ߣܵǫ̃̄ɱġ


640 ֮սϣ
Ҫ֪ϣŹĸɭеǸйĹ壬Ѱһڳ˵Ҳ˵׼ġ
ھ˶ԣǶҶݶǼΪģԾǳԴߴɭЩһλں͡ħĳţˡ
ãҾͽһ´˴γսһλȭ֣
ɭûӣǽĿ⿴Ҷ죬˵ԣֽҶ죬صйҶĸϵļйϰĴ壬ĸҲǳҵңźܶ˶Ůʿ֣ԣҶһλĹ壡
ɭ֮ԲϵǿҶݣΪǾڹǮ˺ܶ࣬ǮҪеλԳǵڲͬҲǸλֵǮҪԭˡ
ȻŮʿĶӣӦûж󰡣
ϵۣξȻжˣҪˡ
εĶǲëΪʲôܵɱأ
Ҫ˵ޱ̽ǺڳصĳǣȻһ붼˵һ֮Уһʶޱ
ȭֻźŶε˵Ļ˵ôޱõˣó绰֪ͨҶĸˣܲؿѵĺɱɣ
ſɭһǿҵĵƹֱֱ뵽˹ϯУһɫԽҶ컺شλվ˫΢գǿҹ߾档
˲ǷӰ
ǰܾˣΪʲôҪɱأ
ǾͲܲǵڶҪ֪ҵʱҲ˼꣡
Ҷ®ɽĿȭڷˣҶܶ˵֮⡣üĿֲ񾭲Щһʱ䵹Щͷˡ
ƹֻҶһ¾˻ȥڰһ˵ɭȻǶȭ֪սǶ٣
˵޵һ𽺴հάսصȭʮ𣬽ǱžӮȥģŲںҶ˭Ķء
Ҷʤһ壬˹ʤһˣЭ飬ڳλͶעҪﵽһ𡣴Ҷ˽ŮϵĹأÿֻͶעһˣǿλ۹ʱˣ
ŮϵȭĲͱĶķ̫һÿֻܸԼжȥһλȭֵʤþͶžЩֽŵĿԡ
ǳάʾȻһʮˣǴǾͿ׬ˣŮȻ鷢
ɭҶΪսһӦṩĹսɣ̨һ˺ûսжʤأ
ıľ޴ţ˶
ȻҶЩΪȻһ׼ͶעʱǶû˭ͽǮȥģҲܴôʲƸĻʡ
˵ʻ󣬿ɭ˵ҶйĺȭУնձغ֫еһȭϣûκӰܸṩҲֻôˣ
񶷣Ǻ޹ָ񶷲һ
ǰõĺãδؿ־Щˡ
˵üĿӣȻܰ֫ϣӦҲǸݽɫ򲻻ҺͰ˹սġ
ɭһ䣬һ
ɭṩȻǺܶ࣬ȴһ飬ǾҶ첢ǷӣҲμӹȭ֯ıһսʤձȭ֡
ˣλעɣʮӺʼɭ˵仰󣬴ǫ̃̄˳ڽıҲڴ
֪ΪΣɭȻоҶƺܻǫ֮̃̄󣬳ڴĻֿʼ𰲶˹жֵӰ죬֪ǲǿɭ˵˼ά
ģɭʲô˼ڸҶ쾫ѹ
ǴĻϵĻ̲ס޺޵˳˭ϵļϾҪ˻жֵĻ棬ǻӰġ
޷Ҳڸ춯
ҶȻҡҡͷѿЦ˫ɫݣںڰԵ쳣ĴĿףάͶжȻһ⣬·ŵѾҶ죬һͷʷǰһ㡣
Ҷ죬ǸҲô
Աߵ˶ŶעףάﲻҶ˳صģҪǲҶӮ̫ԲһĶע
ģģӮǮһ룡
ҶףάһۣȻһɷɱ⣬ףάæӣ˵һ룬Ӯȫ㶼У
ûҶ죬ҲڣһάıûͶעףάʮӶˣȻϴλᡣ
ͳͳһ룡
һֵ˹Ҷ죬᲻֪ΪαðԵ쳣˫۾ڶɨȻɱⲻǶȥģҲöһëȻҶ쳤ͷ۱˸Ƶġ
ʮӵʱ˵˵̲̣һʱʶעͨԻһ𣬸ոջص칫ҵĿɭֺҲ¶˾ݡ
ٶʮ𣡡
ٶʮҲ˵ڵĶٶˣȫͶ˶עͶ˲ֹһڡ
찲άǳһٶĶעѾǺȭʷϵߵ¼ˣٶʮ֣ˢļ¼ǺҲѱˡ
ǿеļɭöڵ˷˱ʼʱһǿǸդǫ̃̄ϡ
λλŮʿʮΰȭ֣šɱ˻ħƺŵİ˹
ں˹ֵʱ򣬽һβķǳĺһƹ˰ȫͨϣĸߴƤڣͷЩ΢΢İ˹¶ˡ
˹ŵӡ˵òؼ쳣ķ˿ȥһʮֽյĸоƺûһ˿Ƕġ
ȷǳĴ׳ӽűϿʼȻһë˫Сڵһ㣬ǰ˹ÿߴЧ
ܽդ˹΢΢۾ӦդĹߣһḻȭֶԣ˿ϸϵпĺ
йȭ֣Ҷ
ȵ˹뵽ǫ̃̄Ϻ˵ĺҶɳվûܶһһӡ߽դС
Ҷһֻ̤뵽ǫ̃̄ʱԭ΢˫۵İ˹͵۾


641 ֮սУ
˹ѵӪΪɹһѧԱ֮ǰľû֪ѵӪı֣ȴˡ
ѵӪеʱ򣬰˹ܿ˺һֻܣǱѩ˹еߣŶһΣյĲ
Ҷո̤뵽ǫ̃̄ϵʱ򣬰˹ĺͻȻоһ⣬ǱȺһ㡣
ǰ˹ʮʱǱѩ֮УֻǣҲǰ˹һΡ
ʹ˻ҧһֻ֮󣬰˹ջҲһϢˡ
ѵӪǲģһƵİ˹Ѿˣ˲ǣ죬ǿĻָ˹
ƺð˹ϣѵӪͻ𣬱쳣ײ֮ѾԺɨѵӪ
ǰһϮµҶ죬˹ɴ۾΢΢з
˲ͬ˹ԼĵĸܣûΪҶСҪ֪ʱ򣬱ҶҲ˼ġ
ҶΣոо˿ʮʱǴξѾʮȭİ˹һᵽʲô־塣
Եѱľʵİ˹ҵһвԼļһŴǱȼһѻͷ
վһǫ̃̄ϣҶҲڴŰ˹ڶԷĿɨԼϵʱҶҲǸеͷƤһ飬ߵԼһ㡣
֣Ҷðôһͷɫɱ
ҶЩ置İʦս̩Ľͷʦȴδһˣǰİ˹ôѹ
⺷İ˹վƺû˿ȵѪ֮ԼҲ࣬Ҷ֮࣬ͷҲЩ˷ܡ
׻˵ֽţ֮Ҷֵˣǹļϻ誵ˡ
ǶѾǴӣҶʤ֮䣬ʦֵܵĹϵҲݲս
ǰİ˹ȴǲͬΪɱ˶ƫƫʵǿĺҶ컹еһƴǱҶѪʼ
Ҷ뵽ǫ֮̃̄󣬴Ӷﴦһդ֮𣬱ʵѾʼˡ
ǳڶ˵ı֣ȴΧ۵ЩЩͷˣΪмҵĶսûнСҶͰ˹ֻڲϴŶԷ
ʺΪʲô
ᣬͣǰǩԼģ
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ҶܸоԷһ˶ȵͻֻҪԼ¶һ˿ͽӭԷĹһĻ˵ĽС
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˹һĹ϶ϣȻұҶУæһԾ˹ȥصؿҶ졣
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ҶûȰ˹֣˸ղŶͬĶһಽ嵽˹Ҳ࣬Ⱥݺݵس˳ȥ
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Ƚˡءһƾ죬ǫ̃̄ϵդͣĲһ֣ɿ˵ǫ̃̄
սҲ˿ʼ죬ֿĶû˿ǳ嵽һ𣬰˹͵Ĳ߶Ҷ¶ȥ
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꣡
һѵȴҶղ۵ס˶Էһţȴûȫȥǹ


642 ֮ս£
˹һ߶27ӢžӲһֻܣȲ֮ѾǱܿ
ȻҶûԼɴ۴Ƿꡱ죬ؽڴһʹȻ˾ʡ
ҶұȥͬʱкȻһ˿ѣ߲λоһʹҶ˿ʹ˸ǧ׹Ӳվס塣
һҶܵ͸ˣоѾʣ۵ĹͷҲҪѿˡ
зһƺߣҶ¸ȥͷɨȴǰ˹ԭߵһ˸ա
ںȭУʵ൱ˣƴľһƣǶѹѹ磬Ҷ֪ḻİ˹ԲŹռϷĻᡣ
ڸͬʱҶҽЫӰβһԼͷ˦˳ȥʱúð˹߿գ߲λ˳
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ѹйʤǻһЩ漣ģ
йˣ̫ˣһ𣿡
̨϶ηֿ̨֮Ҳ뵽һƬ֮УҶıȫ߸ǵ֪˵ȷкͰ˹սʵ
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ͳʱڣȭ綼ڰޱȣ˲֪Ҷĳ֣ǲǴźʱصֽںȭһȷѪꣿ
ҪģʱָоǺ
Ҷ¶һ˿Цô󣬸ղһΡ
΢ظӦ˰˹ɨȣҶѾԽѣǫ֮̃̄ˡ
֮䣬ҶͷҲƺڤڤ֮תֻ֣һ̣ȴ޷ȥϸϸᡣ
ץסۣҶһУѾʵļؽڸˣҶֻпĶԾп͸
Ȼ۵ʹҶ첻Ӱ쵽Լ״̬ϾֵȼĶսֻҪһϸСĺ޷ܵġ

Ҷ˦һۣЦЦǰ˼ھ밲˹һҵʱȻһӰ˵ߡ
ʵҶ첢ǺϰȥˣԻɱԷΪĿĵĶԾСõΪȭͷûд򵽶ԷʱȾͿԹϡ
ںȭıУٷ֮ʮϵĻгȽĶ֣ҪӮⳡҶͱӦȲĹ
ΪѾ䵽˫֮У˿Ȱ˹Ĺ
ռһЩϷ磬һֱϰߺӦֹʽϳȵٶҪڰ˹Ҷⳡ˼ѡ
˻֮ƺһЩı䣬˹ȻûӲҶһȣ˹ȥ̨һƬȻ
˹Ҫɱ˻
ħʱҪսˣ˽ͳκȭ磡
Ҫ֪˹͵һǫ̃̄ǿĹöֵδйõѹ˰˹ʤĸǣгһ˿Ӱ
ྭḻĺȭϰǣǿһЩĶҶǿʵ֮ȫ߱ͳκȭʡ

֪Ƿߵƻǫ̃̄µĹ˹˫˲ѪɫҶǿѹ÷
ĺȭģð˹ҲһΨҶԸǫ̃̄ϣףκϡ
ȻҶһ߶߹ǣ˵ĸ࣬Ǳ֮صöƣ˹ܹսֻС
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Ѹٽ֣ǴʵڽӽȻ1538룬Ҳ쳣ң˫ۺȺ߶ϣѾɥʧ˷˹ɨȻС
˹Ҳ۶ұۺ߹ǣ󼸺Ҫˣǳ־˹ѾﵽԼĵ۷壬ҲΪӮ˵ħĳƺš
ʱ˹ܵҪȺͻʱѹҲԣһȹҶ췢˹
ոշֿĶѸٵľһٶ֮ĿϾӣֻͨĻϵĻطźдȭŽ̨˲ԵսĲпᡣ
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Ҷ첻òϣ˹ǿȫϣʱ̶̵ֲʱ䣬Ҷپǻ
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ˣҶҲܵ˲ƣ۸ոսϵļؽֱ˹ߵѿˡ
ҶߴҲ˶ԷһȭȻû˵߹ǣȴܵ𶯣Ȼһ˿Ѫ
˹ҲûֵãҶһǹȭУѪģ³ݡ
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ǫ̃̄µѱⳡս𺳵˵ˣţĶֻһˣսѽˡ
˵ⳡ˭˭Ӯ˭ܻŴǫ̃̄ⶼʮһΰһ۹ȥ꣬ᱻϵظţ
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643 ȭ
˵ʵ˹Ľ·Ȼܼ򵥣ȥȥȵĲߡ
Ǿǧεѵ˹Ѿɨ¯࣬򵥵ĲߣٴҶв
ս˴Լ߰˷ӵʱˣ˹ʱǵͻ󿪴ӲƴӲʱǺһ㣬ζӹҶһ
ȻҲ԰˹һЩ˺ΪֹҶҲδҵһееĻᣬǰֵȴҶо˲졣
˹ɲǵںͻйһʮӵľȭҪԡ
Գϰֶ֮⣬˹ѵҲʮֿأҶ֮ǰƶϣ˹ʮ֮ڣӦò⡣
Ҷǽеĸ֪ƭԼ˹Ѫڲϵ˥ţȸ˵ĵطѾʼ˲
ѵˣҶͷðһ뷨
ҶĲʱİ˹ܵӰ졣
Ҫ֪Щȭֵѵ֮ϰŹ˻ҪпٱǽĴǿĵֿӶǱ
˵Ǳģһ޸֮ĸףںӱѹڳµʱ˫̧
ǼΪټġ˵ĴԿһ㣬ͨ˶ԴԵֻٷ֮ٷ֮ңΰĿѧҰ˹̹ԴԵҲٷ֮ʮҡ
Щȭ֣ѧϵͳѵ󣬿ԼǱϸѻüϸøӵļͣܽ״ֺ̬ܳһʱ䡣
ֶ͸֧ΣġڿǱͬʱ˵Ҳܴܵ˺Σһͽġ
ҲȭʷԲս˳ǫ̃̄ˣʮͷԭ򣬶һλڼҸ֡Ҳڰ俪⣬֮
˹ѾԼ۷״̬ʮ꣬ʮںǫ̃̄ҡ˺պɱǣ״̬Ҳʼ»ˡ
ҶĹдᣬÿһλжԷһ뵽˹ڡ
һ»ԣǽĶˣҲʹ˰˹ڵʼ
˹ƺҲоԼĲԣԳֵ˫ȣ˿̾Ȼʼ
˫ȭҲЩܵʹҲ޷Ŵˣʹð˹ҧס͡
ǰҶ죬ǫ̃̄µ˹һ˿֪콫Լһˡ
޹ǿ֮ģҲǰ˹ʧȥģʱİ˹оȻֳ費ͥǰ䣬ȥ⣬ƾ⾳
˹۾쳣ʮĺȭģĿһΪսս
Ĳ˹Ҷ죬˵ΪսܸеһսУ㣡
˹ǵͳĻҶҡҡͷ˵һֵصĶ֣꣬δĶ֣
Ҷ˵Ĳǿ׻Ҳڰο˹˵ȫʵ
ȻҶʵҪȰ˹΢ǿһЩɱһϣ֮˹̫Զˣǰ漸ΣգΪ鲻ɵġ
˹ҲΣڳ˵ľǰ˹ⳡ˭ܻ߳ǫ̃̄һδ֪
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ʵʣһܱԸȥҲһҸ
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ǫ̃̄λֻԶҶһֱӽ˹͵˱ɲɵǣ˹壬Ȼײ˸ղųԲѷϡ
Ȼڰ֮У˹ĸѪ֮ǿûгҶԤϡ
лл㣬ɵЩˣ
ڲţǰ˹ͷԷǳѣǰŵʱ˹¶һ˿ħЦ
Ϊһְҵȭ֣˹ĳʵ̫ˣЩ˶ﲻģڣ˹ѾûЩˡ
ȫһ˿˹֣ĲӣλֵĴУǱɵһ㣬Ȼûһ£
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˹ҶǾ仰˼ŤĲӺ¶ЦݣԼĺȭĴɱ˿ʼû뵽ɱ˽˹ź
ȻɭӦҶҪڳ˶ǩԼ֮ѡȭбķҶһţȻ˿ɭϣæڵľԱ
Ƥÿ˹ᲱϵĴʱˣϴЦݵİ˹ҲϢȫޡ


644 
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ȿɭϵǰֻû˺ʬ壬һĶŵҲ̲סƿڴ
ȻɭΪ˰˹еŭģǴˣΰȭּöˣȭֵǿĵġ
ȴÿɭеǳ֡
ȻҲǩǷԼΪһֵ֯Ľ̸ĺȻǷǳصġ
Ķеĵ򣬽ܴᷢı仯ҲܵĹ˵ʮ̸ӰڣʵһΡ
ɭɫָָȻЦݵİ˹˵ʬȥ³򡭡
ɭѾˣŮŻ洦ȴڰ˹µģ³ȻҪеһЩΡ
ɭʲô˼
³ʱŸոմӰ˹Ҷеĳѹûüȥ˼ⳡʧʧʱ򣬾˿ɭĻ
³ǳĲˬɲηɭֱӾͽìͷлƵŭй˿ɭϡ
Ҫʱһˣǲˡ£ŮŻᴦġ³򣬲ģ
˵ǸһѩװˣЩؿ˿Ѫģİ˹óһס졣˵³Ҳȥɣɺã
ʧȥȭ֣ʹǰλ߳ǫ̃̄ȭҲһʬѣЩȨǵУʬļֵǼȥĳ
װȻݣ˻һЩڳľûȥѯ³ֱóһװʬĴӣҪѰ˹װȥˡ
ȵȣ
ҶȻ֪ʲôʱѾ߳դ˾ۼĵط
ҶЩɫһ䣬˺üҶǫֵ̃̄ʵҰԣǾвη塣
ʬļҲǽеĴӵֽ䣬ǸŰװǰ
Ҷð˹ʲô𣿡
üͷһȻƽ糣˵ĻȴҶ죬ݵλǼͳҲġ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵Ӧϵȥˣ𻯵ǻӽ󺣰ɣ
˵ʵڽ˹֮ҶвûʤĸоǷǳʧ䡣
Ҷ֪Լպ֣ܲǺʣ˹ӮҶأ˹ʬ塣
ҶŮϣӦӴϵĹصġ
˶ҶĻЩΪȻ˵Ůϣ˵Ļǹء
Ȼ˻֮䣬ȴ쳣ţҶоǣΧƺûжĻʾʲôɫ
ȭƺûһɰ˹ţ롭񻹿Լȥ
ҶŲܶԷʲôˣһ䣬˵ǶǩԼˣôҲû°ɣ
ովһҵսҶϲɱûˣ仰һ˵ڣΧ··Ȼ½˺üȡ
ʵʰɱڳڹһ磬˶еһëȻĸо·ǰվŵĲһˣǴӵ߳ħһ㡣
Ҳ˵Χ۵Щ˼ǻ˵ļҲǽǹ˳һŵĶ׼Ҷ졣
Ҳϲӣϲǹң
ҶҡҡͷκȻˣû˷ӦѾ뵽˼м䣬һеǹħسҶ
ҶסǹǰɫǹŤ
ʮӹǰǹȻ˸״壬˾ľҶҪǷԼϣǻࣿ
ǹҶǴϵĹ˭ôģ
ҶٶڶˣȻھǵİΧУܸоҶ쿴ԼĿ⣬ڿһֻ׵ĸ
ȻкǲˬȥԼЦġڴ˵УԶҪӸҪ
ȻȥֻʮͷӣʵѾʮˣȻҶ˽֮ЦҶҪǿģѰ˹ʬ𻯣ڴ
Ͷ˵أڿʤˣ
Ҷɫʱ¶ЦݣɢɱҲ˲ʧӰˣּ˵ı仯˲ΪղŵĸоֻǴ
Ҳóںܶ˿Ҷ۹ⷢ˱仯˵˵ʲôһְ취ҶϢʧ
Ҷıȴ߱˳ɹʣͷϿ׵Цͱӵˣµġ
ԭŷߺĿ⿴Ҷ³򣬼ҲһϽԺм񶾵˼޳ȥˡ
³ףԼҶʲô¶ԷûĻôͷһ³еֺ
ܵһЩˣҶϵЦˣأ㲻ῴ˵ӣҪȴаɣ
ҶĻһƬĵĿ⣬˵ˣǸˣҲûֽճһŵġ
ˣˣ
ҶѣȺĲ˹æֿȺ°˹ıϢȻ˵˹Ѿⳡйȭ֡Ҷʤ
еɵؿһҶ죬ջûǰȥҶȭͷϾڶǩԼģҪҶһˬҲǰ
ҿԻȥ˰ɣ
ֱ˿̣Ҷϲ¶һ˿ƣ飬˰˵϶³ȥ̸ɣף֣һط䣡
ϲɫĶͷ˵ãҶүģ϶֮ǰĳŵģ
һĺȭгӵģҶͰ˹Ķսʮӡ
ȻʮӿƲȴöɽһ㣬Ϻ£ֱҶһ߳Ĳص˶
߰ɣ
Ҷ쵭ɨ˳ڵһۣԭΧˮйͨȺˢˢΪÿһ·
ڲҶʤʱǲʶȭ̳ѾˣյĵħѾɰ˹ǰˡ
ҶҲǼΪҪģǱ˿Ƶְҵȭ֣Ǻһеλĳ
仰˵ֻҪҶ룬ܲ뵽κһԸıȭֲ̳ıУȭ֯ԣӰ콫ǳԶ


645 
⡭̵̫ˣ̫ˣ
Ҷ󣬸ЩǵעĿףάͬһ㣬ֱӦĴ½֮˲ŷӦ˹
Ȼڹڱ񣬵ǰӵףڹȴǴûеõִ˷֮࣬Ȼ֡
Ǹҵģʲôϵ
Ҷüͷһ£ɨһףά磬˵Ҵ˴βڰǣڰԼǼȭܷסҪԼˣ
ףάͶʮԪתԼ⣬Ҷ֪
޷Ǿպ鷳Լ֣ҶԲٲֺȭеˣΪѾõԼҪĶ
οҶĳ֣ҲЩĺȭϰǶģ˵ͻô۵ˣжԸԼҶҲܲ
Ҷ죬Ҷү㡭ɲҡصסȭ𣿡
ҶĻףάЩɵۣ̩ȭɸȴģġ
йձȭȴҪףάģûĸ֣˵ȭϣͻᱻ˸ȥġ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ģһ֮ڣǲ˸սģҪһȭչҲûʲô˼ǲøˡ
ҶһսѾ춨ںȭ̳ĵλκҪսףάȭܹҪǵҶأ˵ڶʱףά粢Ҫġ
Ҷһ겻ںȭ̳˾Ҫ˼ˡȻҶǲٳȭġֻܿףάԼˡ
ףάҲǴˣҶ˼㬵˵ðɣһŬģ
ӦĴ£˻صҶķ䣬һҶҡ˵Źϣ
Ҷԭɫ˲òҰףףάæסʵôˣˣղΪʲôҽأ
Ҷ˰֣Щ˵û£ȥԡԡ׷ˮҪˮԽԽã
Ͱ˹ĶսҶԶû˿ȥǰɣǶ̶̵ʮڣ⾭ΣҲܵ˺ܴ˺
ҶۼؽѾرΣСȹǶѣұ߹ǶһҲܵˡ༸λԼ߻ط䣬ǿһ֧š
˹ҶһҲǱĵ߰˰ˡᾫһи˲ˤڵء
ףάȥˮҶߵԼ䣬ʦҩȡ˳ԭҩȭȥģ̣ܹ޷ȫԸԲ
Ҷ죬ˣӹףά˻Ҷ뵽ԡҡ
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ԡ˼£ʹҩԻҶŽò
ȥƽʱҶһ·ʱףά翴ۣƤҶ죬˿˺ۡ
ҶѸ߸СۼΣؿںϵѪСȸǱúʹһ֣Ƥ˺ɫһơ
ȥҲ
ʧȥѹƣҶͷðŶСĺ飬ѵ̧ȣŽԡ
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ҶСȸһ뵽ԡһɴ̹ǵʹɫһ䣬еһɫɰתƣཬһϻ
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Ҷһҧݣһ߽Ųԡ֮Уÿϵ˵ĵطմˮ󣬶۵죬ȻѪ

ڽ뵽ԡҶ쳤һ˼򵥵Ķӵʱ䡣
˿ȫڹ̵ҩˮУҶܸоһҩƤ͸Ȼ̣ȴںתš
˿Ҷһת죬һҶѾ붨֮УǻȴҲ޷ŵˡ
һСʱȥˣҶͷð¶ˮƤͨ죬ëﶼϸС۰Ѫһҩˮʱȳޱȡ
ǲˣģ˹ȹ˵ѽ
붨ҶҲԡĶζѬȺ󣬽ԡǻѪҩˮ˳ȥ
ȻȻʮƣҶ۾ѾָǶһĹâ˲ұӡ
ҶϵҲ࣬ԭƵСϵѪѾȫȥ˵˹ͷҪһʱ䡣
ظ߹ǼɫҲȥΨһе鷳ģ۵ƣ˼ؽڱߴùͷѿ֮⣬ҶСҲѳء
վԡ³ϵѪҶ»һˮ˽ȥǹ̵ˮԴ̼ƤһЩٻľѨλ
ֱʱҶʱȥϸϸ˼˴֮սĵʧ΢΢۾Ͱ˹ֵһĻĻʱҶԺ
ߣҲĪƮھֹѰ˸Ҳ
ҶԺˡеһ仰ⳡսѿƵ⣬˸һᡣ
Ҷ첻ϵȥ˲ĸо˵ĺƳˮţֻصĸ̥һ㡣
кȻһ˿ʹĸоʹһҶ췢ԼһڰάУһִδʸнΧ
һȫڰĿռ䣬Ҷϲޱ޿޾壬ͷһƬ
ȻҶоͷһڿնƯ˿УǵҶ¿ȥȴ֣ԼȻԡ
ϣ
Ҷðôһ̶ҴţȻԼͣڿе˼άû塣
ĪԼѾ뵽ľ磿
Ҷв޿־壬һϲûع·ͻȻһɾ޴ʶڡ
ģͲҶһᰡ
ԼصǸڰĿռ֮Ҷ̲סƿڴԶ϶ղԼϣѾż
飬ֳƾأڵĸ߼׶Σͨһغ󣬱뵤ĸ߼׶Ρ
һгΪ֮󶨹ڹ۶գ鲸ʹ֮
Ҳ˵֮ǰת뾫ɹתһԼʹճϡ
ڵҵ伮Уֻн뵽ľ磬ǲǳɾʹΪ½һ
˵еĸԼ󶼿һշɾ֮壬һȴգ뵽һƬ֮С
Ҷǰһֱ˵ǸղŵϣȴһͬأѸĸо˵˶ƮƮһ㡣


646 ʳ
״̬£ҶоԼӾ֮ǰδ翴·õ˲˼ǿĲܿһ㡣
Ȼһ˲䣬ỹҶþûζţƾϣȴô첻ˡ
ΪʲôҶһأ
Ҷ˫ۣǰյ飬ʦĵ伮ûнһ磬дҲûУҶͲ֪պԼӦȥ
ˣżѾǻԵɺˣЩǿ󲻵õģ
˼죬ҶȻʧЦԼڲʮͣܺ͹֮ǴﵽͬľΪˣ֪ĻδЩ̰ˡ
ţˮˣ
оԡˮѾñҶվԡ壬Χ˳ȥ
Ҷ죬ɳˣҺ϶켱ˣ
մԡҵţףά˹ûҶԡ
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Ҷڴ̧ͷ̨⣬ȴһ£æʵڼˣҼǵʱ򻹲ҹɣ
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ʮһˣʮСʱ
˹´Ҷ죬˵ҶүƲᰡɡⲻѽ
ؿһߵףά磬ҹ˵ʱףάҶ˵ÿһϢۿǿʹˡ
үң˭֪ô°
ףάЦǰҶǸģֱ֮ɫ˵ظɫѪȻȫˡ
϶ͼֱ۵ļаϵƻҪһ£
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˵ͷЩĵʵãҪҪиҽ
ãüа̶һ£Ϣ¾Ͳˡ
ҶҡҡͷдʦƵҩڷǵҲʲôԼȴ޷˶ˡ
һ绰ȥ󣬺ܿ˽ӹõļа˹ҶС۰סûãֱֱ۴ߣǲӰж
ϵƺҶ쿪ʵ϶³û鷳ɣ
۾һɣ˵ң϶ҲǺ۸ģ浱Ǻ𣿡
ռĪ˹ĵȭȻкŵӰӣ³Ȼ˹ά˹ĶĳǴ࣬ȴҲöûʲô취
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ҶղһԣȴԣλָߣŦԼ򣬶Ҷĸޱ˿̺ǸС
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Ц˵Ҷүɲ˵ģЩȭֿ׬ôģһ׬ʮԪͺܶˣ
һȭĶעﵽϰ𣬵ЩǮֻЩͨģȭȭֻ֣ĲĹ߶ѡ
ϣԶʳڵģУʳΪԣȻͨһӶӴЩġ
ûҶлпʱ䣬վ˵Ҷүʱˣ·ȥμɣҰŦԼ
ףάͶΪκȭӮңͬʱҲԼ˲ٳޣҪ֪ռݵǼҵĺȭɶʵľ۱衣
ףάͶڻҪҶƤ֮ڣЩȭϰ岻սԼ
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Ҷ˵ͷ׶˼Ҳ˳ְһѣԼոսӹʮôͷˣδЩ̫ˡ


647 ֲ֯
һֱ߽ǺҶﻹе㲻ţ̶̼칦ȻͳΪʮĳ
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һİ˹͵ڶĸؾǱ˻У˰˹ʱúȭ̳Ϊ֮𵴡
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Ҷܸܼ㣬㽫Ϊǿһʱ
һ߽˹¼ļЦݵӭ˹쵼ôһ겻Ĵ壬ĳǸԶһܿ͸ġ
ʱҲ֪˵ʲô
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ڲ£һ֧רͷȭֵרҵ顣ҹŵĹǷҶͳκȭ̳ʮʱ䡣
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Ҷ֪Ļⳡа˹ƶģᣬȻҪͷųԼ˳ȭ̳źš
ȻҶ˻һڶʱɧԭЩͷ⣬Ҷսǵĺȭϰ壬Ͼ¶˷ܵ顣
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Ҷû˵ǵ֯
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˵ˣҶС޵ǵ徲ΪܵЩ
Ҷ֪֯ƫſɣ֮ͻʶǵľˣ
ڽˣԸ񶼻ЩƫִڱҶ֮󣬰Ҷ̬ȶʱһٰʮȵĹ䡣


648 ŦԼ
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ӼҶǸеʲôҪһ㣬аԵˣҶҲǲҵԻԶȺ˽̸ʱǫѷ
ϣ˷֮⣬ģǰ˹̣̣ڷ޻һЩΪԭʼͼ
ЩɣŸĻ̵ģҶֹһЩν񼣣ͬţأĲҮԻ˼ȵȣһصɴ
ҶʱΪֳΣոоֻµģ˹̲˽⣬Ҳʾء
̫źˣҶϣԺлҶ̬ȼᶨźʼ򣬵ûǿҶ졣
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650 ˵
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651 Ʋѹ
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652 ˷ɱط
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ٽֵĴһ𷢱Ļ𱩵Ůʱķ˹غˣϵ۶Լ̫ˣĵʱ߶һŮ
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911Աأ
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ҶӦ£¥½ٶԶ˿ô죬ǧ֮һʱҶ¥ı֮
أһ죬ַһαըһ㣬ΧδȫĲֱµ
ǿ¥ȻڰбķѣԭޱĲλȥǿ¥ڶϵޱصصϡ
С죡
ޱзһĺ䵽֮Ҳ˴ʯ飬Ҫ
ˣ
һĻֳָӹٹ˷ʮԱðϵʯ飬ɿس档
Ҫ֪Ǹ߶ȾףѰ˸ģԱҲҪӲȥ
⻹ˣҶʯķȥ
ЩԱУҶǸ۲۵ӢۣΣʱԼȫŮ˵һ˿ᣬǶҶȻ
ʱҶΣڵϦ
Ȼҵǿ¥ı֮վ޷ʤ죬Ҷעȫ˫ȭ޷ס¥֮
ʯȻķѣҶ˫Ҳһ֮£ѳ˼ΣҪǣһĥ̴Сʯ壬صҶͷ¡
ںͰ˹ս֮ҶԭûлָټһϲϧıܣѾǿ֮ĩˣ˫۶֮־ȻЩģ
С죡ʱҶдĸ׵ĺͬʱһΣͷ
һҪƫ
ʶķӦҶ콫ͷһͣ幪ѱ棬ӭµʯ塣
꣡
ĴҶĸ༸ˣڵѪڿо˳ˮŵ巭׹ȥ
ʮ׵ĸ߶ȣҲ߲¥ôˣеҶƺҲûԾȵˣԮԱǻûܹȥһĻ˵Ķ
Ҫ˵ĸ׵ĺҶһȻ׵ҶϣأɴȴҶȫ˹
ھ滹׵ʱҶΨһû˵˫͵һʣߵˮϣ׹嶸Ȼͣסˡ
һҲľҶ̶̵ļӺ׹պñܵ˾ԮԱǽסˡ
ģ漣漣
ϵۣ㻹ڣ𣿡
лϵۣǸ˻û
Ӣۣ˵Ӣۣ
һ̣ȫˣĿһе˲ֹ壬˾ӯ
׶ˮģ˵ߣ֪ԼںʲôشѵʱҪӢۣͬҪӢۣ
һˣԼܵвʱȴǽϣ˱ˣԼѶϡ
ҪǣҶԾʾţҪģǲҪӢֻۣлӢۣʽӢۡ
ҶΪڳԱ˿־壬˳˼ó¥ȥǵָʹ
ģô˰ˣ
˶ڻʱǸվָӹߵӰȴǺݺݵԼһƣϵۣԭҰɣӰӦҵİ
λļţҶڿеһĻԿԺ½Ӱ󽱵ġ
Ա̧ҶʱѾûˣʮ΢Ҷ죬ֱӱͽ˾Ȼ
ÿҶӣҹȥոձϼޱһȳһյĳ˹ץס˵Ҷ֡
ޱϵҲᣬڻѪʱޱֻжӣо˿ʹ
λŮʿҲˣǸСһ͵ҽԺȥ
ֳָӹ֪ڲǺӢĺʱֻлŵˣܽ˵Ĥ뻶


660 ֲˣϣ
С죬С죡
ȻֻһͷǺԼ˶ʮĶӰҶƽһ۾˳
Ӷʮĸ¥ʹҶƽ֪ӲͬڳˣɫҲǱһ㣬һɾӿ
Ҷƽüڿûصıһ嵽κǰɢǣޱƵҪģ
ѹ˶ʮķ߿һڱ˳Ҷƽɫ¶˫ֽճȭǰκѾѮˣĻȭͷӳȥġ
ôô
κһͻȻ˥ʮһ㣬ԭͦҲʳǵᣬͬҲ޷ܰ׷ͺڷ˵ıʹ
ƽ
̫̫ҶҲˮһסҶƽ˵ҿСϺʲôǺӹأɱɣ
ҶȿӻģϡǵҶϺʲô
ԣԣҶӿ϶ģޱҲûµģ
ĻҶƽǸհѻһһ㣬߶ƺֻĵõ
ܵܵȶһЩҶ񿪿˵У¶ŰҰѾͷŲסģ
Ҷвһʱ䣬ǳ£ſ϶޷ܵģ̫̫ţȸ˵
ֻ̫̫䣬ŵãҡҶˣ
վ᷿ſڵˮȴʮּҲҶһûµģ˵Ҫȥģ
úӣСһûµġ
Ҷ˹ȥһѽ§˻Լȴ̲סݺᡣҶҿɾʣһ˰
ãҪȥҪȥŦԼ
ſȴʮֵĸң̶ʱھö⡣
Ҷƽعæ˵ԣţҺһȥھߣ
κҡҡͷ˵У֪᲻нһĿֲϮڲȥ
ĿֲϮν¼󡣱ܵ˺
Ŀǰ˫ɱʽϮǴ¥Ҳܵ˷ɻײ˴ϰ˶ûüӳ
Ȼ¼ڽ˶̶̵ʮӣ鱨ѾȫתĶʮʱκѾ˺üݾļ
ǼݾļеʾĿֲϮܿڽ̼֯Ϊѡ911һ죬ȻǶһơ
˳Ծǣ鱨ʾֲƺӵǴӶ˹©ȥĺ˵һ鱨ø
κŻֹźҶƽǰһҪʲô飬ԼɶҪڻںжȹˡ
ҲҪȥһõؿκ죬˼ᶨ
ðɣҰרǹȥ
Ǽᶨκ̾˿˵ŦԼй¹ԱȫѾҶĸӵģһõϢϾ֪ͨǣ
һתԶǳõģȻޱֻжӣ˴绰ȥƽܿͱйŦԼԱҵˡ
õϢźҶƽļٵХ׼ǻ֪Ҷ컹ڻԲѵʱ˻ǵ˿ķɻ
ͬʱԶ۵ĹļҺҿҲɽǰ˽˷ɻ

ﰡ
Ӷʮ׵ĸ߿ˤ£þȫסˮҶһνȥ¥գҲûʣһˡ
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ҶҲ֪Լ˶ãֻ֪Լָ֮˼άһڰĿռǰûκεĹһƬš
Ҷôռ䶼û˿ĻӦҶǰһƬڰֺڰ·ʴ˵ģһҪĸо
Ҷ첻֪ĸ׾ôˣשʯǷ˺Ҷͷӷ
һħҶͷ𣺡аɣؽаɣĸ׿ˣٲоͳȥˣ
ţħЦˣ
ҶС޵ľȻ֮ļв磬ҲԶЩνĸɮ¿ɱȵģħһϾʶԼĲס
Σأ飬£ߣ֮Դߣ֮ܳ徲ϤԹ顣
Ҷͷһ̫Ͼġ徲ͷ̵ġ䡷֮ͬ̶̵پʮһҶͷʱһƬ
ԼʶӦñʶˣܵشˣ
񰲶ҶΪѾҪ̤ľ磬̫أǾԲĿǰġ
޵֮˵ˣǿǣܳܵǱӶӵг˵ǹڵŹǹĸѭ
޵֮޵ľ񣬽ҡ
ӵ¾ƵһһӦҵһһڵʾΪ顣
Ȼϵ˵Ǿ͸ӵˣ˵лûܴﵽһġ
һ̣Ǿķ̣ľ磬ͿʶΣٲҲǷ˵ȥƤҡ
ҶԼķڵпܵΣش֮ʶصʶ֮ڣ֮ϵˣҶ첻ȥʹࡣ
ģҪΪֲ𣿡óж֮Ҷ̲סƿڴ
徲ҲʹˣҶҲ֪Լ˵ʲô̶ȣһʮβãԸԶҪʶڣ
һҪ취ȥ̵ģӣ֪ϱÿ޳ʲôˣ
Ҷ޺޵һ䣬дѹΪԽߣԽоеĿɹ֮⴫е棬ΪԲ֮ġ

йפŦԼ¹ԱĴ£ŵ˺ܿؾŦԼһרΪĳЩʿҽԺҶ챻ҽԺ;Уޱʱġ
ҽԺӵȽҽƼ豸ܶδƹ㵽ϵļҲﱻ㷺ӦˣȻÿҪķҲǼ䰺ġ
裬Ҷôˣ
޾װŲ˸ֹӵҶ죬һ·϶ܼǿ̲סС
ϵҶ죬ŵǱ˸ݺݵؾһѣʹöʮСʱûϢŲ˹ȥ
ӣޣǳȥ˵С죡ѾȥʮСʱޱѿ޸ˡ


661 ֲˣ£
˲֮ŲᣬҶƽХүǿ޵Ƶġ
ҶƽԸСʱƤԼŭҲԸҶŴϡ
ƽҶԲ㣬СѾңɡ컹ȥó¥ҺС죡
ɷһһҹû۵ޱҲŲסˣһ͵ɷĻʱҶƽҽ
ڱϹӪ֮ޱĲҰ׵ײԻָһ˿󣬼ϱɷĵκͻںҲﵽ˶㡣
Ҷƽҡҡͷ˵ޱȲҪ˵ЩСô
С죬Сɷӣޱ۾ʱЩԥؿһۡ
裬Ҷ쵽ôˣңܳŵסżǿĵ˵ͷҶܵģֻҪһ϶ָܻ
ΣҪϢҪٽ̸ˣޱ뿪˵ʱһŰ״ӵҽ˹
Τҽû¡
ޱҡҡͷ˵ǶҵˣΤҽҽһҶ롭зȨġ
ޱҽӢ˵˼仰󣬿ɷˣ˵ΤҽרңҲСҽʦ˵һ°ɡ
Ǻðɡ
Τ˵ͷ˵ڵ鷳򵥵˵һЩԵ񾭷ͽʼĴл⣬֪ȫɥʧκ
Τҽ˵ֱһ㣡
ҶƽӢͶˣХΤĻֻȫˣɫЩ԰ס
Τʼ˵ðɣڵvegetative beingҲҽѧ˵ֲˡ
ֲˣôܰ
ŵݽҧס촽ˮô޷ţ»вһɷ򣬾Ȼֲˡ
νֲˣǲ˴Ƥ㹦𺦣ڲ״̬ɥʧʶƤά˶״̬ơֲ״̬ڴ״̬Ļ߳ơֲˡ
ֲ˵ԸԾйܡӪʱգЩάĴл̼ҲܲһЩܵķ䣬ԡ硢Ƿȡ
ֲ˵Ļûʶ֪˼άеĸ߼񾭻ֲֻ֮ðķṩӪά״̬
Ȼֲ˻бѵļʵģּʷǳĵ͡ԶԶڰ֢ߣΪӵԲִƼҲΪ
λŮʿڻ֮ǰ˺ܴȻԴûֱˡӰ쵽֯񾭣ǻҪĹ۲죬յĽ۵ģ
˵ʵΤڷҶϵĲ״ҲǸоЩģǼĽҶ֫ķӦȫֲһģһġֲͷֱܵ˺Żᵼ³ֲ֢
Ҷ˲Щ֮⣬ͷûһҲ֪ҶĴΪλɥʧʶֲֻҶĲ֢
ĵӣޱס˶ϱ֣˵ţżѾ˸֪ԿרңǻΤҽһлҶһѹģ
ͨͥԣֲ˾ζ޵׶һİҽƷãЩҶǲڵģޱĲ԰õҽ
裬ҲţҶһѵģżᶨĵ˵ͷȻɷ࣬ŴδɥʧҶġ
ˣ˴үĵ绰˵үʲôʦ֣Ҳ֪ҪҪ
ޱ˵ʱ򣬰Ҷֻ˽ޱרŶ翪ġ
ʦ֣ǹǡ
ȵĻҶƽæ˵죬ʲôطϰ
ҶƽȻ̫ŷˮϵԪҽȴΪƳ磬ǸȱҽҩʲôѲ֢Ԫȥʹõ⡣
ӴʱҽƲˣҽҲû취ǹļҺҿҶһУ˵ͻʲôӻҶ졣
ҶƽĽͺޱȣ˵ȣȥǣٶȴ
ʱŦԼѾǲľԱȫĹʻرգҲһ岽һڣԼݳȥˣָҪٴء
һ£ޱ˵ȥйʹݵޣһȥ
Ҫ˵֮ǰޱҶɣһº˶ڳ˵ĵطҲǶҶʦֳڴ
ŮʿλҪ
ȸոճ˲һλҽεĴһװİ˽
Ҳ˵Ůʿڲܱţޱδ˵Τһ˵пܵĻҶƽ˶ϳȥ
Цҡҡͷ˵Τͳ˽˹ʣͳίǰģ
˽˹ʣ
ΤͳҲʲôнҪ͵Ķˣ²˵ŮʿҵĲˣͳҲУ
ΤҽҪޱ˰֣˵֪ʲʲô飿
ޱڰʮʱʶϲʲͲʲϵ㲻ǲʲ˽˹ʣǲʽϳġ
Ůʿҽлɪ
һҽܣ˵췢飬ͳźοʺǸ⣬ѯĶڴ˴оȳһСŮԴһЩ
ɪҪòʲʧˡ
ޱ˵ҡҡͷ˵ҵĶȻ֮УпܳΪֲˣ룬ǲǵˣ
Ŷ̫źˣŮʿҪʲôĻһͳתġޱĻ󣬻ɪҲ¶˳صı顣
ˣתԲʲĸл˵ͳˣϹ鳤ޱҲûȥġ
ģ
ɪȥ֮Ҷƽݺݵһȭ˲ǽϣǰ뿲⻹ûϼ̹ӣӾȻ顣
ƽҲãҾͲûġɷʹı飬ޱػںްա
ޱ㣬һģҶƽ˲۽ǵˮοӡ
һСʱ󣬰ڴһ˸ϵ˽ҽԺ
˹ļҺҿ֮⣬ͬеľȻϻ誣ܵļ̨ϹģִŦԼʱ䵹Ǻ͹ļ޼
ϣȫˣļ߽Ҷƽæӭȥ뻹кü׵ʱ˫ϥһҪȥ
򲻿ɡļҵ۷סҶƽ˵Сʦдһ٣ȴ֮ģ


662 ѣϣ
ˣ鷳һҪȾС죬Ƿлˣ
ļҵĻԭڲϵޱҲŴӴˣʱӦ˲ͶҽǾ仰ֻҪһ˿ϣȥԡ
ҶˣöСʦΪһز֮ˣ
ļˣѭŽǰĹأƺޱΪҶˣЦЦ˵֮ǰݹһԣҶʦܼ࣬ȻԷ׻ǾͲöൣˡ
ļҵĻ󣬸İƲ죬С˵ôô
ޱɫһ壬ѵȣ׼˵ȥ
ǣˡͷͷ˳˷䡣
ޱһǸؿļң˵ˣСӲ£ǧְ
ļҰ˰֣˵޷Ҷˣ֪ڿɲԿСʦܣ

ޱЩɣΤĻ˵Ҷڵʮ΢ģ޾޹ʿȥܿʹҶϵ˿ڷȾ
һ£ޱĿ⿴Τ˵ΤҽλйҽȥҶ죬֪ɲأ
ҽЩ
ΤǲЩҽҽʲôƫһ֮˵йҽ֮Ҷһ໼ȷʵаͬȥ
ȻҽԭΤۼһλҽԻڳڽĵ£ʹһλֲѣҲųҽҪԭ
ã²˳٣ھȥ
Ȼ·ɻãҶ찲ΣҪϢҪΤ֮ͬ󣬹ļҿ˵ʦȺҺͻϵܽȥˡΤҽ֪ɲԣ
ΤһͨҽĹļҲҽáأ仰ļȴӢΤġΤΪ棬һ˵ҲӢģ
Ӣһʱ䡣
ļЦЦѧʮʱ汻ΪĩֽܡĹѧϰһʱ䣬鱨ҪԵﶼܾͨ
Τͬ󣬹ļҺϻ誻һ޾·߽ҶڵĲޱһŵͨǡ
Ԫ֣ҶʦЩ
һ뵽֮Уϻ誵üͷͽΪȻԸоҶв֮ƺʱϨһ㡣
˵ȷʵأļΧҶתһȦɫҲ쳣ء
ͨҶϵƺܱʾҶ󱳼׵Ȼ鶼δˡҪƣһãͿм
ͼ׵ȣҶ˫۵Ĺ۶ʲôˣļҶϵӰ˺һ֮ҶߵϣַҶϡ
Ȼˡ˸࣬СʦܵĵﾹȻˣ⡭Ǻð
ڸҶ󣬹ļҵϻȻɫû뵽ԻԼ
Ҫ֪֧˵壬Żѹ𵴣ԼٵãҶ켹׵˵ʱ򣬹ļѾܴ׼
ùļû뵽ǣҶµʱȴûһ˿ĴڣǴϡ
ҹ˵ǵڵɳ֮ʱ֮ء
˳ƾΪӵΪؾĵط˶ԵＫΪӣ硰֮
ҶΪȻ޷˵еǰڵ޽ڵĵ̺ҲǷͬСɡ
ֻǹļҸղŵһ̽飬ȴҶµﴦտҲ£ߣһûķһˡ
һҶƺƣҲ޷ˣûԪĴڣܵԪһҶҲʩչˡ
Ԫ֣ҶռһԣҶʦӦûд󰭣⡭
ļҵĻϻҲʧɫͬΪ޵֮ˣȻ֪µڼҹ֮˵Ҫԡ
ļҳ̾һ˵ϵܣҶʦܵأݳİ
ļ֮ǰ˱ԪȥҶֻģóѳ׻Ϊ˻һѪǰǿھѪǰˡ
׻ҲˣѳҶ״û˿ĹܱסͲˣﻹм԰
ҪСʦܵڣҽ伤޸ƣɡô찡
ǹļҲоЩ޲ˣҶڵ֮ǰԤϡ
Ԫ֣𼱡
ϻ誱ĿҶ̽һ֮۾ͻȻҸӦҶʦЩǽ˹Ϣ״̬᲻˵أ
Ϣ
ļһ㶣ϸĸӦһ£ͷ˵СʦȻޣҺͣγЩ֮ݲط״̬
νϢҲǵеν֮Ϣ꣬ʳ֮ܳ
˳Ϊ˯ɡĳ棬һ˯꣬յҵ伮еļأʵǴ˹Ϣ״̬
ϻһ£˵˵Ҷʦ֮ǰ嵲ס˿׹µ¥壬Ѫ֮ܶԿ֮Ϣ״̬ĻǻӲؽģ
Ϊ뵽ľ֮󣬾ҪԶԶˡ
ȻûԹļҺϻ誶֪ʶܴһʱģûУʱʮֶݰˡ
ϻ誵Ļ󣬹ļΪȻ˵ûСʦܻûΪʶ壬ҲزȥˣӦԷΪ
ļҺϻ誶Ǽʶ֮ˣһƶϣ͵óҶܿܵش֮ʱн뵽Ϣ״̬ܵתӶסġ
ҪǱʶ֮ڵҶ϶ײģǶùϢ֮ѹû뵽֪ʲôԭʹʶģ
Ԫ֣ҶʦҪ˵нϢ״̬Ļǻ治ðѵġ
ŪҶ΢ԭϻ誵˿Ҷˡ
ļһ£˵ҺСʦһУ֮ǰҪȶһЩȻǻıʡ
Ҷڵ״̬͸ھҲ֪˶٣Ǽ׵ƸӰ쵽óȻҶ컽ѣһǺ¡
ԴѾҵˣѾûʲôˣļҺϻ˳ҶĲ
С쵽ôܲܰѰ
˸һޱ˾ΧȥղŹļҺϻǳصɫȺﶼֲĸо
ȱż
˽ӣļ˵Сʦܵݣ̫أҪ취һ£ܽѡ


663 ѣУ
Ҷ󱳼׵ѣġΡƢΡ࣬Сθ󳦡סг̶ȲһʧҪǷͨϣһغˡ
ȻʱҶЩƾѿסˣҪȫҪصʱ䣬Ǽ׵ƣһþͻм
ҽǵҶǶѵļ׵ļҲûʲôð취½Ŀ⿴Τ˵ΤҽҶ켹׵ƣʲô𣿡
Τһ£˵Ҷ׵ƺ鷳ʮǣȶ󣬶
˵ÿΪ60-100ΣҶڵÿֻ10-30Σٵһֻ˰¡
ΤҽҶʱпֹͣΣ֮УʺϽ
ļüͷһ˵У̫ѪΪ
޵֮˵˵˵һأ뷢ѪǼģһᵼ¾պǾϼˡ
Τҡҡͷ˵ڵǲȥĻָкܴӰģҶѿļ׵Ҫмӹ̵ģ
Ҷ켹׵ۣĻպͲվ漰񾭣ΤڵҽԺҲûȫİա
СֻҪȶУ
ļҴӿڴͳһƿƿ󣬶ʱһҩ㴫浽ƶСҩ
һޱ˵ȣļ˵Ҷ̫̫ҲᣬһɡһˮҶע䵽֮ȥ
ʱҶͲʳȫǿһЩӪάϵܣļҵҩҲְֻͨ취뵽Ҷ֮С
ҶΪֻҪתָܻ⼹׵ȻءǿԽǻڵģԹļҲżԶȡǡ
ҺΤ˵ɡޱԽӹöҩ裬ѸղŹļú˵ĻΤתһ顣
ԲУעҩǲãΥҽƹ涨ŮʿһҾԲܴӦ
ޱĻΤҡͷͨҩע䣬Щ˶ӦοҶ֮أһҪǳʲôءǺֻ
оתԺСʦ̫ܵأʦŵҩſԡ
ļ֪ҩʹҪҩãǶڸơõĵҩɸӶ֢
Сһҩ裬Ҫɱǹˡ
ҶĺԺаݵҩıļѹһպҲʮһܴﵽңͲͨõġ
ðɣġ
뵽ϵ֮ޱ˵ͷΤ˵ΤҽԺزһҽʩҶƣͲǹˣ
Ҷڵ϶תԺڣޱ취ֻҪֵֽǩЭ飬ʹʲô飬ҲҲҽԺġ
ŮʿҪ֪ǿӵȻҽֶκõҽ
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ǺðɣһһЭġ
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ȻãǹļҪ豸ҩܿлʿˡ
ҩˮڻ֮󣬹ļԶ֣ѺҩԵˮע뵽ˮ֮УȻûʿע䵽Ҷڡ
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ڶΤͨ鿴Ҷ״ʱȴķ֣Ҷȫļ֯Ȼһֳٶš
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һҩȻҶƣ֮ڣļÿʹһҩҶܵˣҲ𲽺תš
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ԭÿӻ1030£ھȻֻÿ10Ρ
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Ԫ֣Ҷʦܿ϶ǽϢ״̬ˣԵ֮󣬻û˼״̬ҶʦܵΪԶҿԲ¶ȵİ
վҶĲУϻĽ顣
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ļҿЦһ䣬˵ϵܣСʦܵѾȶˣҾҪѣ㿴Σ
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Ϣ״̬˿޶Ͻ֮⣬Ҳһʶĺð취
״̬£ǻصĸ̥֮Уĳ棬һ˯궥ϴʮصĹˡ
ͷ˵Ķмƣܶƽʱò⣬ڹϢ״̬£ܵõ𰸣ϻ課ŻᷴԽҶ컽ѵġ
ܵȵãǡأ
ļȻֻǿǼ˺ϲ¶˿Ц
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ϻԼҪ˭ӹϢ״̬»ѣͷһƴģıģȻΪҶҲˡ
ҪǱʶڡ蹬ڵҶĻ϶ģԸϢ״̬ģӲϵС
ɾģµؾ֮Ҳе֮Ҳϵ֮Ҳ
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664 ѣ£
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Τôû뵽ļóҩЧȻ֮ãһڵʱ䣬ϵҶ˹ûлָ֮⣬ܵѾúõ߰˰ˡ
Ҫ֪Ҷ챻ͽҽԺʱĸѣദλóѪûѾˣΤľ飬ûһرκá
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ڹļҵľٶҲΤоЩľ
ΪļҴʱжʮ๫ֳ룬ҶͷȥģȻ뽫뵽ҶԴϡ
ȻǰҽԲʵʩģĸλԲڶ࣬һĻҲܸɰ׳յġ
Τҽö˵ˡ
Щŵޱ˵ҼȻѡ˹ϸҶβҾͻģڶ飬Ҷ֮Լѡġ
ΤĹ֮ޱҲ¶һ˿ɫ⼸Ҷı仯Թļҳġ
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˴ιļʩ룬ϻ課ûн뵽Ϊ޷ȫϻµʱӰ쵽ļҡ
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ޱЩĵؿһվڲԶţ˵⺢ӸԵǳҪ̱ˡǻչһӵġ
ʱޱҲûţõҽѯʹҲõһĵĽۡ
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Ҷ쵤ﱻƣһˡļҺҿҲͬŹ䵽Ҷڡļ׵ơ
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Բ޵ˣǲҴģļҪҶ죬ȴǱ봥蹬ӹϢ״̬оѡ
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Ĵָʳָסһ룬ļҳ磬ֱ뵽ҶͥѨϣֽѨС
λüֻʣ幫ֳͷĲ˾ĵԴô˵׼İɰ׳յġ
֮󣬹ļ޳ɣʳָɽһ˫ָҶüӡôһɾıԪ뵽Ҷü֮С

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һڵˣ֮ûһҪٽȥΪֺڰįĸоǵľ񶼲
Ҷռ䣬ҪȽѹ100ΪʱǱֹһ㣬ָ
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֪ǲر𰲾ԭкܶǰ͸ĵھȻӭж⣬Ҷ쾪ϲĪܿ뵽֮С
мҶ˼ΣÿһܸоʶƺһЩ˵ı仯ǰһЩʵĲͬ
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ʮҶʹѾ΢ľ磬ܲϰߣҶƾ۾еǷܰΪָ
СʦܣҲˣ
ļһ£˵㼹׵̫أһ˿ҿһʱ䣬ʱÿսڡȶ˵ɡ
ļҺҶͬһţҲͬģҶԵʱ޷óȻҶˡʱҶתҲûֹˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ãʦ֣а취ȶƣȥţգҾ뿪
ⴲϣһãҶԣֱһּ尾ʶǿȣŹȻܳ־ãȶƣȴǴ´ˡ
Ҷָоʶ˵ļ׵˵ҪЧãҲҪ뿪ԭ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ911¼УҶѾֳ˳˵һҽĻָҪ˵Сˡ
Ҷ죬ҽԺҽˮƽǺܸߵģҿסһʱ˵ɡ
ļҶҶĻҾţȫޣʲô취ȥƣһڷе;г⣬Ҷ˵ⱲҪڴˡ
ʦ֣۵󷨶дã뼰ʱȥѶæŰɡ
Ҷ˵Ȼ̬ȴʮֵļᶨҲ֪ǲԼĴļҴϻоһֲΥơ
ֻǵļ벶׽ָоʱҶϵͻȻʧˣļҲȷǷԼþ
ðɣҺĸ飬СʦܣϢ£
Ҷô˵Ҳһĵ˵飬ǹļҲֻհ졣
ϣСû°ɣ
ļҸһ˳ͱޱ˸ΧסˣղҶϳֳʹ飬˸γϡ
ޱ޲ܰѶܵʹתԼϣҲʱ䱸ܼ尾ĺһЩ
ǱסˣպΣҲûգ
ļҿЦһޱ˵ҶˣСʦܵĻ㶼ˣҪۣ㿴Σ
ԲУҶֻҪһŲļ׵ͻȫǾûһ˿ָϣˣ
Ϊ˽Ҷ״ղŹļҺҶĶԻ˷Τҽ˿ļҵĻæ˷
ҽѧĽǶ˵Ҷаٷ֮ʮĿԻᵼ̱ʹҽԺȫõƴҶպվϣҲٷ֮ʮ
ΤҽҶ뿪ҽԺ׵ƻָĿԣˣΪ;ĵؽʹƼء
ϣô
ӹļҵ֮ȶҶƣܴĸкתֻҶ죬һжޱġ
ȻΤҽڵҽԺҲ˴ĹǺ͹ļȣǹйоأûдҶʲôʵԵİ
ļҳ˺һᣬſ˵޳뿪СʦܼȻȻĿǣ
Ȼ֪ҶʶҶղʹģȻתļҲµ˼֣СʦܻһЩֶεġ
Ǻã뿪
ޱתΤ˵ΤҽܸлʱİϲҽԺһõľȻҵĶ
Ҷֵ飬˴𰸣ޱҲҺӶӵҪˣ˵ҶҪۣҪȥ˵ޱҲŸ򳡵صġ
ðɣŮʿҴӦҪ󡣡
Τʼ򣬽˵ϣͨ磬ҶĲʱͨǣҪĻҲɳҽȥ۵ģ
ΤڵҽԺϸͶʮģĶȫ綥ҪҺȫҽƿлк
˵䲻ŵĻѾ֮⣬ӵеҽֶΣܽ˵ӳһ꣬ҲܴټҪԭ
ǶҶ֢ΤҽڵҽԺȴǸе޲ߣҪ׷ҶĲչ뿴Ҷƾָܻʲôӡ
ΤҽҪҶͬУҲܸ֤
ޱҡҡͷֵλˣ˵ĻǱҪеģޱ״ӦΤҪġ
Τ˵ͷ˵̫źˣҶͬĻһҪϵ
911¼ѾȥһڵģеȻǺܽţѾˣޱܿϵշɻɵˡ
׻˵Ǯð£ΪʹʱɻƽȣޱһĿͻҹڲ˸װ
ڶʱҶһ˵˷ɻ
С죬𣿿˸裡
ֻʱޱ˲żҶһ棬ǻҶʮƣҲûжġ
¿Ӿ񲻴ޱæǰæ˲赹ˮ˾Ա϶һ򲻹ЦܲŮʿϸһ档
裬û££˵˵ʱ䷢ɣ
Ҷܸܵĸε飬ЦǸаݵСŮôˣĸǲѾȥˣ
û£ȴѵˡ
ޱ̾˿˵ܵ˺أ¼ʧٺǧˡ
¼Ǽ̵ڶսڼ¼ʷϵڶζشϮҲʷϽ2001ΪֹصĿֲϮ¼
ڿֲϮ֮СʱڣȫϰٸҷԴ˴¼ǴͬʱȫƱгҲܵ൱Ӱ졣
֮ǰޱҲزŵĵ飬ԭ¼֮ǰ˾ԱɢȥˣһЩŵĻɡ
ޱƺİţĽиɻҲ뿪ġ


668 ĥ
鷢ó¥а칫Ĺ˾Ψޱ˾Ա㣬ȻֲԼҶڡ
ڹ˾ÿ궼Ͷ911¼ޱǵûʧǮƣ׬ϲ٣Ĺ˾Ѿĵطѡַʱа칫ˡ
Ҫ˶ӵĻޱ֮ǰûڽг˷ˣܽʮڣӴ˴ȫп׬һʵġ
ȻһҶ컹ҪӵĵùܵĶ˾Ϊй©£Ҷ׵ܵô˺
Ҫ̫ƽˡ
Ҷ̾˿ڲ۵ķˮʱ͸оԪ˱仯δļУĳЩܴᷢı䶯
裬ھסŰɣû±ٳˡ
һ£Ҷ쿴ţ˵ţǹҪˣҰɣ
Ҫ˵Ҷ컹˭еΣǾֻˡ
ӽ鵽ڣҶ춼ûڼϼ죬۵Ϊ£ҶоԼûоɷְ
ãȵ֮Ҿʹְ棡ŵ˵ͷ̬֮Ҷ춼һ¡
˵㲻°뱲Ӿչм˰ɣҶȻЩعζˣҲҽԺ׵Ƶı棬˵̱ļʱȽϴ
Ҳͦãƽʱûʱ˵ģԺ춼һˡ
ȻЦţȴЩ֣Ϊ˱̼Ҷ죬ʵǿЦա
ְ滹ŰɣҲչһӡ
Ҷҡͷ֪ӻǷǳϲݹģҶҲһڴϡ
Ȼǹһҹʱ䣬Ҷܸоǹǿʶƻаġ
ʶİ£׵ʹӰ첻ҶˣǼҲбļҶţʱգƿ϶ܵõԭġ
ϹϹǸܵĳˣŻ˵ҶЦЦøո֣ܶסӷڴߵ֡
㣡
Ҷظ̬ŲΪЦеӰ˲٣ƺֻҶ죬Żо̤ʵ
Сʦܣ󱳵ô£ǲ
Ҷ쾫񲻴ļҲ˹ܷɻʱʮֵƽȣоʲô
Ϸɻʱ򣬹ļҽסҶ󱳵ļ׵ֻȴǱһ˵˻ȥ
ǹļֵ磬ǶܵһЩ˺ղҶ챻Χţļһֱûҵѯʣȴڱﲻס˳
裬ţҲˣȥϢ°ɣҺʦ˵˵
ļҵĻҶһ£Χˣ˵ʦֺʦ°ɣˣХ죬Ҳ
Ҷʶ飬ǲ⴫ģϻ課Զ֮ңǰƾһ㣬Ҷ޷
ãХ죬̫˰ޱ֪Ҫͱ̸ϱɷһߵ˺ա
СʦܣҷϵǹȻ࣬ȴǼߣһӵէȻӴ֮£Ȼɾ
ڳûˣļҽеʾ˵˳ҶǰҲԹ֪ҶڵȴǹļҴδŹġ
Ԫ֣˵ʲô
Ϸɻ֮ǰ飬ļһûü˵ļҵĻϻҿ˾һؿ
ϵܣ˵԰ɣ
ļҿЦҡҡͷϻ˵עһСʦܵڣעһ㣬Ҫʱýջص׼
ãļҲڿЦϻ誵˿ַҶļϡ
ʵľ֮Ȼǿˡ
񣬾ܹϸ΢Ŀ뵽ڣҲ˵˵֮һΪտˣȷʹ˵塣
ֹˣ඼빶ļҺϻִ֮ˣͲһЩڳ
ϵЩʦ϶Ƕһ֪ȻͷĽƭӣʵǲΪš
ϻ誺ҶĲһֹʮֵĽֻҶͷһһ˳Ҷļ粿߶ȥ
Ҷڵȥ¥գһƶûʣϻ誵һ·ǳͨ裬ܿҶļ׵
ţ⡭ôܣ
͵ϻ調Ҫߵʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䴥һǹѩһ㣬˲ͱڵˡ
ڿǹϻҲܵһ˿ˣǾ顣
͹ļһϻҲǿʮģʹ֮Ҳ޼Լȡ
ҶڵǹǰԼʮ߹㲻һϻ˵ĸеѽܡ
ϻ誺ȻһͷſʵҶʦܣ㡭Ƿʶã
ϻмת޵һֱо֪飬ȹļҵ˻ҪһЩġ
ϻ誴˻һļҺҿɫ𶯣¶ݣΪ磬Ȼ֪ʶʲô
ʦֹȻǼʶ㡣ϻһӾͲ³ԼǹҶҲѡ
ûСĥ£ξ˲䣬ҲǲżֻǵûȥԼҲǲö֪ġ
Ҷ¶˿Ц˵޵֮ˣԽҲӦغ⾫ȱһɡ
Ҷڵ״ȴʶǿ󣬿ܴﵽϵľ磬ƫƫһ˿ȫޣҶҲ֪Լôˡ
ʦ˵ʲô
ΨХЩͷԣ˿̲Ϊкܳ·Ҫߣû޾ʱ
Х죬
ļҰ˰ֹХĻתҶ죬ʵСʦܣȻ뵽ľ磿
Ҫ֪ļҺϻ誾һͣ˺ܾãʼն¸Ĺ
һΪ鲻ǹԶﴫƾ׫ģ·Ҷϵ飬ȴùļҺϻ調һ˿ϣ
ʦ֣ǰʱ˺ȭ˲ʱһЩȴṳ̂Ǹż
ҶıЩ㯵˵ת֮Īľӵʶ伮еļҲвͬҲ֪Ƿ顣
ȭô£
ļҵ˲֪Ҷȭ飬ϸѯһ
ԭί󣬼˲һֱˣȻҲϬĹȻܱƵҶ
֮䣬Ȼдǻ۰
ļҺϻ誶һۣ̲ס̾һȻԳƵ϶ּᣬҪҶǰȭĥȴǲܵˡ


669 ˽
̫ðʧˣλǧѧң
ҶԿЦԳΪȴûںȭǳɥڻҶлЩ¡
ҪǳΪɮΪɽ֮ұԣֻ֮Ͷ˷ǰϷ˼䣬ҶģȴǼΪ
ļҲףҶϵ飬Լģ¿ʵСʦܣľתΪʶ֮ûʲôͬ
ÿ˶Լ˼άǻۣ˼άͨ˳֮Ϊ񣬴ӿѧĽǶ϶ԣ˼άҲԳԵ粨
˽˼ʱ򣬴ųᷢı䣬γһͨųڵУȴΪһ˵
ľǾϵΪӡ֮Ϊ֮أеΪѨΪۣ֮µΪԪѨ֮Ϊؾ֮
ศɣ˵һϵΪ뵽ľ֮˵˼άҲתνʶ
ҶĴ˵
֮еԭһκΪδܼʱת󲻵òʶ뵽һõؤڣŻǷݵģ
̣ʵҲʶһֱΪ֪Ĳش̻תʵʶ֮ͨͨתģʹ˵֮е֮ͬ
˽ѧʢԪ˺ܴı仯ʹԪǰ츳֮ˣҲֻǽ뵽ľ磬δܿż
ǰҶ˵ǹļΨһżˣܷҪãº޽黳ˣҲмּ
ʦ֣ʶֻǻһţкܴ𡣡
ҶЦһһ֮󣬽˵ʶҪԪʹӵӦ֣ʶܿռƣɴǽһҲġ
ʱҶ˵̸ҪǱͨ񻰹һ㣬⴩ǽɲǴǽݵڷеóľ
ϸҶĽ˵󣬹ļҳ̾һ˵ϧˣ֮ȱһɣȫʧҲ޷뵽ľ֮С
˵磬ÿһصãͨ˶Բôԣ֮ˣȴʮעһ㡣
ǹļң֮ǰȻ뵽ľ磬ȱʧ˹վܴﵽ졣
ʶҶ֮󣬹ļҲŴʦҵȱҶãļҵΪųȹ
Ҷﾡ٣Ȼʶǻ޷͹ŴЩ뵽ĸȡ
ʦ֣й©ȣܱסѾ汣ˡ
ҶȻҲźԣ˴ܾȵĸҶһˡ
еˣҶֻõǡزʣΪۻ۵ԼˣõЩдһѡ
һֱûг˵Х죬Ȼ˵ʦ׵ô죿ʶ𣿡
ȻҶ£ХҲǸˣȷİҶ쵱ʦԴģһֱǣҶơ
ԣԣСʦܣʶ˷񣿡
ХĻļҵ˵Ҳ̲סһ£ǹڹעҶǸ¾磬ǰҶƸˡ
Ӧÿԣʶס˴ʹԼܶࡣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ҵʶ֮ǰϵʱܵһЩˣû͸ô
ǹ֮ܣڽ뵽ľ֮Ҳչ񣬵ȵأŻ᳢ϡ
Ҷ쵱ʱͲЩóȻͽǻյļʱĻΪһֲˡ
ϧʦҲû龳ĵ伮ʱһ
ڹµص伮УȻϵ֮ȴĪ˺ԽԽ˴һ򣬾ö֮Ҳͳʧˡ
ʦ֣ƺת֮󣬻ȥɽһﻹѰһЩʧصͳ
ҶҲ̾˿ôȻ¾ĵ֮ȴǲ࣬ľ磬ϵĹͶϵˡ
ϻͻȻ˵Ҷʦܣ˺֮󣬿ɽһΣЩջ񣡡
Ŷʦ֣ԺιʣҶ콫Ŀ⿴ϻ誣ˣһֱЩ͸
ڳʶ֮ʱҶݹȴϻޣȻмƺʩնһ㣬ǰҲйʲô
ȿȣҶʦܣʣҲܶ˵
ϻ調˵λĳ˵ѣĳ£ҴӦλǰ˵ϣλ¡
ʱϻ誣ΪѵɫҲ˵빶ļҵĽ飬ƾŵԪĶݣҲӦֻǵԣȴƵ¶ԡ
ÿ˶ԼܣҶͬǶԼʦ´еϻ誴˻֮󣬵ε˵ʦ֣Сܲԣ¾Ͳˣ
ôȥˣλǰ֪ڲء
ϻҡҡͷ˵ҲգȻصۣҾȥڵһ⣬ѰλǰʱȻͽˡ
˴ƣļվ˵ˣСʦϢʲô˷ɻ˵
¹ϻ誵ĸ˽˭ʡ
ԼҲˣϻʶһλǰΪӦҲľ磬ǰƣ޵ָҶȥɽһεġ
ȻǰרŦԼɵۣʮСʱʱ䡣
ڼҶһֱʶƣ·ɻ֮ʱҲήңֱӱԶɳһиҽ豸ĳɽ
ҶıڹŹ֣ȻֻͣǰХҿ˽Ҷ̧˽ȥ
ţô
ǿ󵣼ϵҶ죬һ뵽ɫͲһ䣬ҿæ˵Сʦܣôˣ𶯵˿𣿡
ûУҵû仯
Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷɫǾɫ˵ʦ֣Ҵкôȱ䣬ֱȥ۾̨ǣ
ӶģˣҪȥʲô۾̨ޱ̲ס˵С죬ʮСʱķɻȳԵ㶫Ϣһ°ɣ
裬ȽݣϲҪȻҵĵ
Ҷ첻Ըĸ׶˵һ󣬴ߴٵʦ֣Х죬̧ȥ
Ӹոս뵽֮Ҷ͸оԼԭܴʶǵõʲôĲƷһ㣬Ժ
ⲻ̶̵ļʱ䣬ҶͲԼԭƣʶѾһЩҲ˵ı仯


670 䣨ϣ
ȱĹҶ첢֪ӦȥȹԪԴӵԪʶ֮һֱȡȴû˿Ĳ䡣
ŵҶ˷ɻί٣Ǳ̬ʶǼռҹ˯Ҳڴ˵ġ
Դӽ뵽֮Ҷ͸оһڶһ㣬ǳӯ˼ԪҪԼӵȥ
ʼʱҶЩɫ䣬ΪӵԪʱҲ˴ЩԪԽűġ
ǻûҶ췴Ӧԭ̾׵ƴԪǷһȸԾȻЩԪ˽ȥ
ԪЩԪҶ첢κβʵĸоֳʵУҲΪ֮һ
ҶżæҪȥ֮뿴ԪԼʶкôĲ˵ֻҪ֮ǰΪʶָҶ׬ˡ
ޱ˽֮һ˾ҶϲӣļҿʵСʦܣĪʶа
ʦ֣ڻҿ϶
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ʶƺͨЩǿʲô仯Ҳ֪ʦ֣ۺüˣҲЪϢȥɣ
ҶĻ󣬹ļ¶һ˿ɫ˵СʦܣԪնвǻɢ³ƲһκõģвҪļ
ڹŴʱЩɮ»е֮ʿǣϲѡɽ󴨽һΪԪŨ񣬶ȴ붨֮ʱܵţʹԪ
ЩһЩ伮жмءֻǺ˴ﲻΪ޷ˣļҶ첻֪Բųġ
ʦ֣ͷİɣġ
Ҷ˵ͷʶԪָ֮оʵͨ޵ôǺֻܴǿѡ
ֻڽ뵽ԪĽ׶ʱãʵΣҪҶԼȥ̽ˡ
ãԼСĵ㣡
ХҿҶĵܷŵ۾̨۴֮󣬼˾ԶԶ˿ˣҲûлط䡣
ڵǳŨԪһģϯضһߴָ۾ȴڶŹ۾̨ϵҶ졣
ǹļҵ˵ģصޱǣҲûܰ˯Ǵ򿪴ŵҶ졣
վ˼աټϴʱѾҹȻ̻˸󷨣ҪԶԶ硣
ʮӹޱ˾͵ֿס˯ħϮɻصϳ˯ȥˡ
ܡҲӵ˼£񷴦ĵǹ¡ƺ뵽֮УһƾԪ
ڹ۾̨֮ڴŴӷˮתؼһǳ뵽
ǹļЩˣڿ֮󣬶ܿһĻۣǰɵԪƺƵɾһ㡣
ģȫûһ˿ڣתҲа
ʱڹ۾̨ϵҶ죬ȴǾԭΪʶĹûʹʶյĿһҲ첻
յ伮ԣԪӦǺͱһģģ˵Ԫ
ҶͷȻðһͷûˣԪһĻⲻͽˣ
ģƴˣ
ҶҲǵ֮ˣ˼һµĿ֮󣬵ҧأס׵Ƶʶ뵽蹬ڡ
ϷԪϲ㵼Ҷɢ룬ҶҲҴˣ뽫ʶһ𣬲пӦЩͻ¼
˿ǿż׵ľʹҶ˫͵һӡôһ𣬶ʱоһ˿ڡ
ԪϵƣҲ޷ӰҶֺղʹĸоȫˣҶһɡ
ϴεľ飬ҶʮֵСģֻǽԪһңҲٺԪĴ̽ˡ
Ԫ񣬹޵֮ʿʷªһɣ
ҶܿԼһ֮µͬҲܸоԼԪ̬ͳγһԪһ״͵伮еļԶ
û̬Ҳûо磬ת
ҶԪһֱԶΧԪҶ첢ûиоԪϵ
ֻҶҲ֪ӦܼӿٶȣΪܸоõԪЩĿ
ˣĹûã
һ֮Ҷ콫Ԫ½磬һʲôʣԪ޷ɾͳ˻һˡ
СĹҶ۾ܵģ±ĬʦŹ
Ԫϣƺ׽뵽붨״̬Ƭ̹ҶѾ붨֮С
ô£
ʲôĪҶʦܵԪ񣿡
Ӧǣһţ⻪ҫۣ⡭ȷʵԪϣ
ҶʧȥʶͬʱɫԪͻȻ֮⻪䣬һƴԪϴԶĹļҵæվ
Ԫ񱾾Ҫ߳ĲΣҶԪɢƣùļ˶һĸоһʱ䣬ȫܿġ
ǵ⻪ȻһţùļǿԪ̬Ҷ͵伮еļȫͬ
ϻ誵ȴɫ̬һ֮⣬ҶԪڻԵɺ¼Ǹȫһ
˭Ҳ֪ҶԪϣʲôĺԼڳʱľ㵺󣬶ͷ˳ҶΧʮ״Ӧš
ֻǸһͷųϻ誺͹ļͬʱɫ䣬ΪӦҶΧһڶһ㣬еԪ
ּϢĸоùļҲû³Ѫæȵãջ
˵ȴ΢һЩҿǳƿ˺󼸲֮һѪ˳
⡭ⲻԪȻҪɵ
ļҺϻ誵ΪһЩûܵ˺ջ֮ҲһƬɷףȻʧһЩԪ
ʦôˣ
Х칦ǳҲ֪ʲô飬Բδܵ˺סҿֻᣬЩĪؿ
޷Щ񣬰СʦֹҲ̫Ե˰
ҿ˿û뵽ԼΪȻܵĻᶼûУͳԪϵһҲԪɵˣ
ҿޱȣΪ־磬Ȼ֪ʶҪԣۻأʧˡ
ãСʦ᲻ὫԪű˰ҿ˵ʱ򣬹ļϺȻ¶һ˿
ҶĶطȡģԪĹЧǱ֮ŴһЩ츣Ҳ˿


671 䣨£
ļҵΪ֮ǰȻҶһߣʵ޼ƽʱ򣬶ҪԼԪٶȣԷܲס
Ǵ˿ҶΪֱӶЩԪͬˮһ㣬ܿͽΧڵϯ
ھеմҶԪƺ׳һ֡
ЩȻ㣬ɫԪȻһԾ˹۾̨֮
۾̨ãΪҪĵطеɷˮԼˮãˮתԪǴ뵽еġ
Ҷõãﵽͳ̶Ⱥڴ󷨾ͻὫˮ⡣
Щɢ֮䣬ع鵽Ȼ֮У⵹ðɽܻݲǳ󷨽֮գɽľ˺öࡣ
죬ɽ˵ֱһƽ١
ҶԪ뵽֮ʱɽȻһ磬ɷˮԪһ¡
ˮԪõʱҶԪƺڶһ㣬ɽһɨա
ˣǿſǳһ˿Ҳ˿˿Ƶ뵽ҶԪ֮Уһʱ䣬ԪǼе˹۾̨
ôܰļҵɴ۾ǲ˼ɫ
ʦôһûˣХҲЩãȻ֮ǰһֱڿԼҪȻ֮ȫޣܵѪ
ҶԪڴɷˮԪҶˣ̶̵ļϢʱ䣬˵ǾУɽ䡣Ҳһ˿Ĵڡ
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ϻ誶ǰһУҲǿĿ࣬Ͱ͵˵ҡҲûҿϵܣҼλǰ£˿˼̻ûֳô󶯾
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ùļҵ˾ĪղŷҪǷŵϡ˵һôǧ֮һܽǸűġ
Ҷ˯ڵܵϵ岢״һ˿Цݵʱ򣬼˶ǷͬʱҶԪҲĽѡ
ĴڣȴûʲôôˡХ쿴Ҷ죬༸˾ǻطϢȥˡ

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Ǻһƺ¶ˮĿʱо̩ͨǽһţЩ˾͸о˲ԡ
ǿúܲЩһļдеȴֲһϮһ㣬֦Ҷ´޾ɡ
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ԣҪһ£ٲоȥʦ󷨳ʲô⣡
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£Ҳû鳿ļ֮󣬾ǻصԼУŵôزȥʩѹˡ
ʱһգ۾͹ȥˣֵ߳һϼʱҶ̾λõԪ񣬺Ȼһ貵Ĺâƶ뵽Ԫ֮С
ܿҶԪĻͻ֣ᷢԭһŻԪƺ֮ǰҪ࣬ԼôһΡ
ȻνΣֻԲ״ЩһЩ͹Ҫ˵ܿһ״ʮǿġ
ƶ֮ԪƮƮػصҶϷ蹬˽ȥ
ͬʱˮԪٴαɣʱͳӯ֮䣬ŷһжû
ⶼˣҡ첲ô£
ԪλҶҲ붨ת˹ϰԵ˸֮ҶȻסˡ
ΪڼСʱǰǴʯĸ첲˿ܶģ¸߾ٹȻоһ˿ʹ
ôˣԪʲôʱʵˣ
Ҷһæʶ̽ȥһԪҪҶʱڵԪ񣬺Ȼ췭ظı仯
Ҷ֮ǰԪɣȻҲ΢Ĺ۲Լ壬Χʮޣ۲ֱƵʱ򣬾޷˼׵˴
Ǵ˿̣ҶһתԪԼڲṹͳԺУҶĸӦԪԼÿһλ
ת岻ͬЩԪƺϸĸӿ١
Ҷ췢֣ദûȫõˣԾ˵ٶȻָţεĵطͿĨһɫĤ״ʣ˿Ҳۿɼٶš
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һĻҶҲ𾪵Ŀɿڴ֮ǰΪԪûʾЩ
Ǵ˿̣ҶȴˣԪͺʵ֮ĹЧֱԶ
ָֻƵٶȣֻҪǱһҶţҲԼˡ
һֱڵҶ죬ûߺʱһˣһ̺ظԼϡ
ţлл㣡
΢ĴҶת˹̧һȴڵԱߡ
Ҷ죬ˣǲϴּ䰡
Ҷͨ죬ȴΪҶǱڼģ´Щ˼˵ȥñһ£
ȻǷޣһƤЩҲרҵĻʿģֻᵽ֮ȴûôҽˡ
ţҲҪ
Ҷæһסţ˵ţԣܲ߼
ڴһڣǰҶﻵˣۼԪȻдã̲סһ¡
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ž֮࣬˵δֱһЩ֮ͷӦ˹һǸȻ˵Ҷ죬Ҳ˼Ϣһվģ
ȣϹôС𣿡ҶЦõ˵ЩתܲߣҾУ
ףôܶˣ֣裬Ҷܶ˰
ŴʱŷҶץԼ֣¶˲ŵ飬ȴûٹҶ죬ȥ
˵ܰ
ҶһƵؿԶ˵ţϱҲСˣô»Ÿ˻㱨


672 
ȻҶ˫ֱۿԻܸоõǹɱ˴޵ģԼֱ۾޷
ҶŷԼվԣû˷֮£Ȼȥĸ㱨ˣҶһĿЦá
С죬㡭ܶˣ
Ƭ̹ס˶ӵ˳ޱǵһ嵽ǰģһţ󱨾顣
裬ôŸʲôҵǰֲû
Ҷܸܵĸ׵ĽţЦҵǿԸԭģǲôţˣХ죬
ҶĻѯҶҹĹļңæֹСʦܣɴ⣬Ǽ׵ѳأҪȫλĻҲòˡ
ļԭҽտҶҽҲԣȫöЩXͼƬ֪Ҷ˵ļأԪ壬Ҳݲ˿⡣
ʦ֣޷Ҿһ£Хϡ
Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷʵҲЩµģԼӴ˾޷վżһҪվһԡ
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ʦּҼϡ
ߵҶĵǰХ˫Ҷ£̧ϸ壬ҼסҶ죬ͬʱֻҶı
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Ҫ֪Ҷϵƣ˵վˣǲܵģҼ׵ƻӰ쵽񾭣ճԣҶ֫ҲӦû֪ġ
Ҷղŵı֡Ե߸ЩҽǶ弹׵ѧ֪51Ǹص֯ҲǧټƽҶȥоġ
裬ôˣҶɻصϺȴĸڲˮ
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˵ʵļҲЩԪǱҶյģһ֮ô֮ԪأлбԵʡ
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ҶĻ󣬹ļҵ˾ǳԾŴֳͣôĶҶڵԪֻһЩôѵֻôһã
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ҶǰֳȻ㹻ޣһЩҺصעγԪ֮ҪǴȥǴӴ˶ðˡ
֪ˣллʦ֡
ҶԵ˵ͷ׻˵ԽϵԽСԴӽ뵽µľҶ֪ԼǰֻǾ֮ܣԶ֪֮
ϵţ֮Ҷ첻ֻԼԵɺϻùϣǳܻкԼһˣֻѡ
Ҷʦܣúˣҽͻڵȥɽһˣϣλǰµͳ
Ȼϻ誶һЩĪʼղԣȴ귢£ǹġ


673 
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΢Ϣһ£˸绰ϻ誾ʹҴ뿪ˣڸ۵Լڵĵڶ࣬гЩȻ˸š
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޵֮ˣȻԶˣվѪ֮ҲûطһʹҪλǹһġ
ʦ֣֪İɡ
Ҷ˵ͷҲ֪򲻴ĵ첢ûҲ֪ӺֻԪ񾲾ơ
ֻԪƸ˵ЧǳãƣָͺˣҶһ£ٶȣû£Լǰһ
һ컹˺ܶ飬˸۵Ļǰɽл֮⣬ҿĵ绰ҲͣЩǴѯɽб仯ġ
žĻָɽҲĳһЩɢݳȥԪزſĽȻǿѣҲͲ֮ˡ
ҹ֮Ҷĸ׵˶ȥЪϢˣٳһ£Ƿܽǰϲ붨״̬
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ԪϣҶԪҪʵࡣ
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ĪҪжӦĹԪ񣿡Ҷһ˿
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ҶԪ飬ȴԪδͣԪΣա
ƫƫʱҶԪԣľУԪǶȫϯһ㣬Զյ
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ԶǺŵ㳤үȻͶϵŮϷ飬ԭԭĴ뵽Ķ
ֻںŴ֮ԶϾͻطۣ911¼ʱȴǲ
ƣȱ˵ңʲôû
ҶҡҡͷԶĻżɽ˵ҹɫѣɽ֮ɫޣƣɲư
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Ҷ죬ҡȥ˺ţʱ䶼۰
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ȻҶںбָ߾ԶݣҲûҪǰ㱰ϥȥύҶġ
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ҿҡҡͷȻû˵꣬˭ˣԶͣǹȥġ
ããһȥллϵܣллϵܣ
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ڲϵҶͻȻ˵ڸղŵʱͻȻһ棬һˣķδ磬Ӧ̩ɡ
ǰϵܸӣ;Ǹףάձȭһһٰ̩һȭǰȥģ
Զ¶Ϊѵɫ֮ǰѾӦ˶ȥһԼ˲ٸ۵ʱԼȥĻԸ۵ߵδЩˡ


674 Ԥ
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ҶɫЩĿתҿ˵ʦ֣֪ҸղԤʲô𣿡
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šɳݵλȻѲԶԼĹϵԶеһѣԼġ
ҶʦܣҪȥһˣ
šɳҿͺ޵ѹȻݸ߹󣬵¼ΪӣҪ͵ϮԼҲδܳôĿ
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Ҷδ˵ļҡͷӡޣҲǺܺã۰ɡ
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ҶҲ΢΢ףһ֮˵ƣҾͲ˵ˣҪף̩飬ȥɣ
ðɣģͷҾ͸϶绰
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мЩΣôܸоǶİ
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Сʦܣ͵ĲСȵԶ뿪֮󣬹ļЦ
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Х츳ߣʱ̫ҶҲὫһĺģԶһֱֻ۱۵ġ
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ҶüͷԺгֵǸˣһʮΣյĸоŻԶȰףά˴ٰ̩ȭͷġ
ԶЦ˵ҰĻתˣ˵ٰ̩ģʲô⣬ʱȥģ϶Թһء
ԶȻǵȼĸۺ񣬵ĺűȴҪȶҪڶǵĳЩȦӰԶˡ
Զȥѹģû뵽ԶȥˣöҲЩûнҶĻϡ
Ҫ֪ףάͶֻǼʶҶͲҶݣҶҸҲͻһЦ
ǰɣҲ˲ôˡ
ҶµԼŻǴΣ֪ͨǣ˲飬պʲô飬ҲԼ޹ˡ
ˣƣмҪ㡣
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йڽѣս֮⣬Ǳǿ裬ܶ͵伮Щǿһա
ںܶУģⲩﱣƣҶҲһͷЩʧȥĵ伮УǷ龳أ
ԲҶ˼룬ΪϵԪɹƱͼѾ˹⣬ϻ誵Ƿ˵Ҳ϶顣
ֻҶڼ䷢̫飬Ӣֱ֮ûȥ鿴ƱͼǼ٣


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ޱȻǲԸ뿪ģҲ˳٣רչҶ죬һ԰ҵ֮ŮӲ˲ٻʿĻܡ
ȻԪ޷ѾȫʱһĹȥҶƼԾ˵ٶȺתš
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һҶǰԺɢʱ˵ʲôҪԣҶͷҪԶ֮⣬ȴǽ˶ˡ
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ļҵ˵ͷ˳˵⵹Ҳǣ̶ʮľ磬Ͳǰ׻𣿡
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֪ҶģԶר˴ˣˣԲǺܺã˰Ҳû˵֡
Ӣˣѧң
ԶĻҶ¶һ˿Ц֪ˣ˵ǸӢ˽˹̹ɣƨĿѧң˾һǿ
ԣ˹̹򡣡
Զ˵ͷֵ֮ʵôǿˣ
Ҷҡҡͷʵ֪⾭𣿡
֪ǹȥ𣿡
ԶҶĻЩΪȻΪÿ궼д˽ۣ˵ʵղصЩͭдǴЩġ
û´Ļ⡶ԪءӦǴӶػȥģ˹̹򣬾ǵһӶػȡؾˣ
Ҷ̾˿˽̾ʽ΢йȻ෽أ伮ʧɲǶĴ
ػﱻ¼Ϊʹļ׵ģԪڶʮŴºרŸػͣľѾʧˣѸϵҧгݡ
˹̹ˣ1906ʱ򣬴ſŵ壬ӵʱػͲؾϣĸƭ24侭5侭ϸõľƷ
1914꣬˹̹йпš̽աʱٴػͣͨʿȻ5д顣
Ȼʱ󲿷ѱϣ̽նӡ̽նӼߣ˹̹˴ã󲿷ʿȡתƵȫصزģɴˣ˹̹Ϊòؾˡ
Ҷһ˹̹֣Ȼ֪⡶Ԫء
ػͲؾصȻ඼Ƿҵ伮ҲҾ飬ƶǶػͷչõʱڣֻбľûбսٻ١
Ȼ˹̹йȡڴ󲿷ֶڴӢݴţõľʵ̫࣬Щĺ˼йƷ֮󣬲ίмʿġ
Ҷ죬ģһ
ҶӣԶظ
ƣӦ뺯ɣ
ҶĿӻƿˣԶ˵ҪμⳡƣŲ㣬Щٲ뵽ˣ
Ҳ˵⼸ԪءܿҶҪΪʦԸҲǼʧˡ
ʱҶһֱԲڴǱĲᣬ֮о״̬Ҳȥŷŷˡ


679 
ҶСǼˣ飬˺Ѹı䣬Ҷ콫ҪȥμȻޱԣ޲
οļҵйڡԪءϢ֮ҲǴ֧Ҷ죬⡶ءǷ֮صҵ伮
֮£ޱҲֻܵͷͬҶԭֻԼԶμˣȴȫҳХҲͬڼš
Զ۸ͨһЩõ˼뺯Ҫ֪ʿþٰᣬɲʲô˶볡ġ
裬ֲۣǾǣõŴô𣿡
ڶһޱ˶ӵķ䣬˵Ѿ12ˣҪҶ촩ë²ܳţȻͲȥҶЦá
ſ͵ЦţҶʱû˵ţ㻹ЦЦ㴩Ƥ³ţ
ɷķ˼Ц˹˵裬¶20ȣҶ촩ë£Ż
ǲҲУŰɣһо͸ϡ
ޱҲûΪδҪһܶ࣬ԲŻ˽š
Թ֮Ѿŵңһаͳ˶ϣлʻȥ
˴μʿйƷרᣬһ졣
һ˵ʼһ죬ּѹƷķΧȻڿҪʱٳѹƷʹԲ
ʿ÷׼һξҤΪѹġ
ǵ¹伮гʮֻ𱬣췽ʱԪءһѹƷ
Ҷ˲ŻľǰأǼԪءҶ컹ǹļңڱصõġ
лһͬʱҲ۵μҵģܶСڻ¹ݶл
ҶϲȻ۶ˣûлǱˣ·ȺҶȻҲýζ
ʻ뵽лĵĵͣΪӰʿ⽫صѡλʺҲߵĦ¥֮С
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ûǰ·ŦԼĿֲϮӰ߳ⶰߴʮĴ¥ڽݵʱޱ̲סֹһ䡣
ŦԼֲܿϮ֮ޱ˾ŦԼھɽɽ޽һ칫¥Ϊܲⶰ¥ֻ㣬ɼǼ¶Ӱ졣
裬ûµġ
Ҷסĸ׵֣ЦǰģҪٱҿԷɻƱˣ˵ǽؿɻ۵ڶԪ˰
Сӣûһû˵Щġ
ޱȻֶӣȴǷ˺ܶࡣ
ܵǰʱŦԼֲϮӰ죬ھٰһЩʵĻʱȫ鶼쳣ϸΪ췽ķʽר˰ȫš
᳡֮Ҷƽҿһ£˵ھǵģ˰
ھ֯ĳЩƵĻҾеģһֻаʮλǰĳأȴˡ
ҶϵܣۿǶĽģʿûǺӵġ
ҶԭԶҶƽǲд󣬵½͵۱ղؼңڵغͺղߣ˵䲻ŵĻһ缶ᣡ
ȷԶ˵ڳڳһЩ֮⣬𷢱۵⣬Щռһ롣
Ҷ˵صҲ˺ܶ˵Ŀ⣬ΪȴЩŹ֡
Ҷ޺Х켸֮⣬۵ĹļҺ;ϻҲΪ
ҿԶ͸˵ˣһĻ˶վͶ˴кЩ۱ĸ
ޱ޽촩Ķͨ˵עҲǷŵҿ˵ϣڹԱָ£һ˻᳡ĵһ
Щʲôˣôһţ
ǰҸղſξʿڵŵġ
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ʦҲδʸڵһŰɣ֪֪Ҳϯģ
Ҷ֮󣬺ŵЩˣСֹ
Ҫ֪ڹڻǹ⣬ε˳ǼΪ˹עģһԣֵһŵλãΪαԤġ
ǽⳡرҲμӵġ
δػһŵλãҪģԶҿȻڸ۵СЩʸ
ϵܣǻռ˱˵ĹⰡ
ԶҲû뵽췽Ὣǵλðڵһţ󣬲Ц۾ؿޱ
ҿЦմСʦܵĹⰡ
ΪѰһЩˮҿҲĳֻͣԶһûܹڵһŵĴ
Զҿϳɾ֮ˣȻΪЩ黳ȵ죬Ͳں˵ʲô
Ҷ˵Ĳ磬Ǹûӵʱ䣬ҵȴű˴ƿ߰˸ӵһͷʮ˽
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˽һҶҲվȻʶλҵ۵һףڵпûټġ
ԱߵģһݵӢˣӦҲʮӣŶһź˺ȻҶ˹
Ҷ˸еֵǣޱȻӭȥЦѷֻ˵չû뵽㾹Ȼ۰
ŶС㣬֪Ҫμⳡҿҹû˯ð
ޱеѷ˵һڵصйޱǰ֮󣬺ʿǣޱ֣һ¡
ģ˵˭Ȼţ
Ȼ֪ڣǿһĻҶƽЩܲˣͷҶһ޶ԣ̲סһŲ˶ӽűϣСӣ裬Ͳܹܣ
֣ɴҲԵ̫Īˣ˼⡣
Ҷϰһۣϰһвӣ̲ס̾˿ǰ˵ѷӦóƺΪŮʿС㡣
ԣҶ
ҶƽһüЦ
Ŷλǣ
ѷɻĿ⿴ޱ
ҵĶӣѷҶ˵ҽܶˣǲš
ޱݸһЦߵҶƽߣסɷֱۣ˵ҵɷҶƽƽѷǰӢ˾ܲá
Ҷƽһ֮ޱЩֵؿѷ㲻ڼʿܲôأ
ϣڶһŮӰ
ѷЦҶƽǸЦЦ˵ҶǿЦģҸҽһ£


680 
ýˣλһޱŵŮʿˣ
ûѷڽܣںԶ˵Ż׶˹ü׵ʱ򣬾ޱ֡
ڴңʱȫΣҵưܣŬƴػظ۵С
ڸ۵Ȼ֪ޱ֣һֱûлλ̽Ůӡ
Ȼ󣬵Ǽޱȴǲûбֳ۵׵ļ̽ںޱк
ˣŶղܵü
ޱֵĺͶ֣˵ǲеˣӦѷǰ
ԣԣŮʿ˵ǡ
Ц˵ѷҴ۵ףεйƷרԲɹ
ллллλ
ѷӹµĻͲߵǰԸλչ̨ϣ˵ܸ˽뵽۵ĶϯɼʿйƷרᣬǻҵ뵽ԹޱŵŮʿҹƣ
ޱţû˵
ǰôŮԻ
һƹ˾ǰרױƷģ漰ҵʲԶˣȻʸ
ѷһ䣬᳡˸ޱ඼ڱŷ޵Ϊ˵͵֪ʵڲࡣ
Ȼ֪ޱ˲࣬Щ˲֪ޱţ˵˵һѹɤӵľ
Ů˴ҵԭǺѵģޱִôһҴͿţ͸ϼˣţղŻ˶ʱϢˡ
⻹ҪлλһֱԼʿõ֧֡
һ׻ѷ뵽⣬Ϊ˻λóĲƷûгֹľƷˣͽʦӻԾģ
ޱ˭죿
̨˰죬Ҷƽڻ˳
̨ϵӢȻ䲻Сˣ˳ʮ˧һʿζҶƽо˼в
Ϊܱסء
ޱһɷ˵ѷǰӢ˾ܲãʮǰ׷ңôţԴˣ
ޱһƹôĹ˾ƫƫֳʮƯЩûһЩɹʿ׷ѷ֮һ
Ӷôˣҳʲôװ
ҶƽĻȻЩԲԡ
ҶȻȫޣͶĸӦڵģĸĶԻ̲ס˵֣Ҫ˰ҿʱܲŶ
ӣҲô
Ҷƽʱ
ϰֵӣҶҲĶˣЦ˵֣涺Ҫңﻹֵõ˼ˡ
ӣͶ˵Щﰡ
ޱûĽ쵽Ҷƽ䣬һ

ǣŮʿǣܸ˴μйƷרʦʶһһƷ
ޱѵϹʱѾʼˣһʮʦվǰϣš
ֻܶΪʦǺ´ӣʵȻһʵʦԸݳƣѱ·ߣټֳյȾʹĴﵽ벻Ч
һʦڽ֮ǰܹԤЩƷܵ׷ܹ¹ÿƷֵ
ʦÿƷǱһ˭ܺذеٶܹ࣬ͨ۲죬ϤǱҵ˼
Ϊ綥ʦѾ˵߼¼Լĵļ¼
һƷйһԹҤ÷ƿ峯Ǭ¡䣬ഫʵۼΪϲ
źĻһƷྫ÷ƿչ̨ϡ
ֳͨĻ˵ľͷ˿ؿ÷ƿڲԲʵûԵ߽תۣ粿̧֮£ʴֱ״ȷĿʽ
÷ƿıΪʮ۱ңÿμӼΪһ۱ңǳۣ
ʿ԰ٷ֮ٱ֤Ʒʵԣڽ÷ƿϺ󣬺˵ļۡ
ҳʮ۱ң
䣬̨¾˾˺ơ
Ҷͷ˾Ƶһۣ˵ôôĲ
С죬㲻϶ڶԼҪʲôġ
ӵĻҶƽЦڹһʮ꣬һ˵νרˣ¸ӽ˵
ղصܶ࣬¿ɷΪͭմɡ黭鱦ʯż˽࣬ͭմɡ黭ΪרoɽϰС
͹ŶΪŶ԰ŽʯȵȹоʷĻסѧ;
һλ氮ߣǲеĹģһ㶼ǰշղרͭϲմ
ڽղصʱеķʸղű۵ˣȻһλؼң˵ĿģΪǶ÷ƿ
ʮ۱ң۵ʮ۱ңѳйʵ۵Ʒ
̨̧֮˼۸񣬺ҲһҪ֪һµľǿͷ䳡ƷĵĿԼߡ
ʮ۱ң
Ȼ͹⼸йƷгȶȣʱһµı۾
ʮ۱ң֮ǰ׶ϣ÷ƿͬһһԴĳʮӢļ۸񣬵һǧ۱ˣ룬ǻкֵܴռġ
ڴ֮ǰ˲ٵĹΣܺÿӦ֣һԣȷǸʦ
ʮ򣡡
ʮ۱ң
ʮʱ򣬳ڳһμžںһĶ£۸ֿʼ
Ҷܿÿ˵ʱĿǶӦĳ˵ϣʦ֮ǰյϢ֪˭ҪƷ
һٶʮ򣡡
һٰʮ򣡡
ҳ򣡡
ںƿ£ڵ˵Ʒгȣܶ಻еˣһЩղء
ԳڲЩղؼھۣһЩϲӹŵ̽ʿƩүġ
ȻԶϲͭûʲôȤҲûоȥ֡
ʮ۱ңûѳ۵ģʮһΣʮΣʮΣɽϲ
Ǽλ⹺÷ƿһδεľƣ۸̧ԵļΪʮ۱ҵҤԶʮ۱ҳɽ
Ҫĳģйһ׹ž
ڵһƷɽ֮󣬺ĽҶ˵۾


681 
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ڽһԪء󣬺˵ļΪʮ۱ңÿμӼһ۱ңȤѿԿˣ
˵ʵԴ˴йƷȷһ󹤷ģܾȷ˵ÿǺܶʦ޷ġ
ĻҶһ뽫ϵӾû̧֣ȴǱߵҶƽסˡ
ҶЩŤС˵֣Ǹҿɾİ
ϻһ֪ѽ
Ҷƽûص˶һۣ˵ҪиּۻۣôżﰡĵʱٳҲ
ҶƽʮĹƽʱҲûȥУǴ򽻵ľʮַḻ
Ҷƽ֪ڿĵʱԲֳܱǼƷڱصõļƣʦеǰ취ͳǮ
ҶҲǴϻ֮ˣôһ˵ʱ˹ڵİȻȱǮҲԸⱻһ
Ҷ죿
ҶֲԶø첲һҶ죬ԶɲԽ޴ҡ
ȵȡҶ΢ɲҡҡͷȻΪȫʧľȴ˲٣ĹԶǳ˿ɱȵġ
ƾҪʮδЩ̫˰ɣ
ǰŴǧһ飬⼸žֵôǮ
ںʮ۱ҵļ۸гһ䳡һЩԭֻ߹ž伮Ȥˣ׷׹
Ҫ֪2000ᣬȻƷг𱬡Ⱥֻ۸ҲǺܸߣܶгֵľƷֻҲʮ۱ҡ
žһĲƷڱȽƧղصȺ٣յһЩУĵļʶܴ
СžĵƷ࣬һܸļ۸Ҳ嵽۱ҡ಻ʮ
Ǻļ۾ʹﵽʮ򣬱г۸Ҫ߳˺üЩԭ⼸伮Ƕʱ
ǾͲˣүǼʿʹ˰ɣ
˵أֲüʿʨӴ󿪿ڣԭү˰
˵Ϻö˶˵ģһﰡž伮ղֲǺܻ𱬡
Զʱ䵽ɨеĹž˲˵ע⣬½ʮļ۸ԶһϵȻ׹ˡ
һԶûгһЩԭӼ۸ߣԴӺ׼۵ڹȥһֶӣȫ
һƬžĶʱ۾Զ
̨Щ˷Ĳǰһʱ䣬ԶѹЩľʱļ۸ЩǣʮĶܸ
Զݵˣʹֻμӹһᣬᱻ¼ʿصͻģοƵͱע⵽ˡ
Ʒ˳ʱ򣬺飬ķŵǰ棬ƾԶıֺԼһĳġ
ֻúû뵽ǣ̨µԶȻû˿ҪƵ˼
˵۸ֲǸе⣬ԾЩһû˱ۣƷĵĿԾͺܴˡ
ǣŮʿǣ֮ôߵĵļۣΪǶǾĵ伮ҿԱ֤Ҳûкͬˣʮ۱ҵļ۸񣬵ȷֵģ
ȻڽǺȻ̨µ˲ˣԶһƵ˼ûС
ЩˣʱѾȥ˽ӣû˾ƵĻҪˣ⽫Ϊʦϵһ۵㡣
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ȻǺ޷ܵ飬۾ڵű߽ǴһϣСָϵ¡
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ոǸ˾;еĺƣó˷׷ȥ
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˺۸̨ϵĺ¶һƬϲɫҪˣܴ۾пһ˿ŵġ
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Ҷƽͬһ㣬СڶӶ˵Ҷ죬˺ܿǸС
֣ˣǸУҲˣ
ҶЦһԼ̫ҪˣһĹ˵ʮ۱ңǧҶգһ۾ġ
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ʮ۱ң
̨ϺˡʮһΡʱҶھ˺ƣõޱıƣʾһš
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һ˾ٵƶԶ̨ϵĺһ£ٿǱƵĺ룬Ŀⲻޱɨһۡ
Ȼ˺ܶ׼ǺʼûףһֻμһЩޱΪλͻȻμ
ƺЩˣΪˡ
뵽۾Сָ޵ı߽Ǵ¡
ҳʮ۱ңղžƵˣֱһµļ۸񣬲ֱӼ
ΪһɹʦǼѵģھĵȻϼӼۡ
ʮ۱ҡҶֱ̧̧֣ӰѼ۸ӸʮֲˣֻҪоǮֵС
λʮ۱ңղλѻ𣿡
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ҺϲоĻԸһ򣡡ӵİźͻȻ佫۸һʵ˵ĻȽõġ
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˵ľٶҶЩջˣ˿Ķ£ָСûӳĸӦ
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682 
ʱк̧ļۣ⼸ÿ飬һЩҪƷУиǲɻȱĴڡ
еʹãҲб׵ģõĺˣĵƷɽ۸񣬺пܳɱϷʹл÷Ļر
ҪõĲãûᵽʦͼóȻۺû˸۵ĻоҪеʻԼķá
еĴ󲿷ƷǴ˽ϵģֳɽԼĻҪ֧ɽ۰ٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮһԼġ
һ˵μӾĵ˶ҪһѺģԼͻⲿѺ۳бŵУȻ֧ˡ
ҶƮƮļ仰ͽһ亹Ҷ첻پȥһ۱ҵĳɽۣΪ֧ʮ۱ҵĻԼ
Ҫ֪Ǽʿõרְʦ
ⳡǻᰴճɽܶһȡӶģҲ˰ŵģ˲ҪԼ⸶Ǯġ
ߵѷʱɫ쳣ѿаǺųһʦôִܷ󣿡
ΪʿܲãȻ֪Щֻû뵽Ȼ˾ϡ
⻹ҪģҪλҲʡ͵ĵƣҶֲپˣⳡͻΪһЦ
ȻЩ˲һúֶΣѷ֪϶˵ġⳡʿƷ飬ͻȦˡ
һƵ⾭ûȤĻô룬ҾӦùϲλˡ
ʱĺǿ򶨣۾Ҷ죬˵һ۱һΣһ۱Ρ
ڶģֻĵΪѵһĺˮѾ½ȫʪˣĿ͸ǸǷٴγۡ
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ںҪɽֵʱҶھкƣЦЦؿź˵۵ģĺܺã˵໨Ǯ
Ҷԣ۱ĲʲôʵҲûЩλʦܴԼϿٳǮˣʵࡣ
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۱һΣ۱ҵڶΣ۱ҵΣɽ
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ͷһڵڶŵХ죬Ҷ˵Х죬ȥǽһ£ǾͲμˡ
ԶȥĿ¼һٶҳо˴˴ƷƬԪء֮⣬ҶԱûʲôȤ
Х찫Ҫȥʱ̨ϵĺȻ˵λλŮʿϢһ£ټƷȿһµƷƬ
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ֻǸղŵǳķ˺̫Ҳû취ǿȥĻ˵ҪһЩ⡣
裬ʦ֣߰ɣĲҲա
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686 ɽ
Х쳵ӿĺȣҶҲŸ·ϵʱڰյһСסһ죬ڶŸϵ人
人ũܵľ򣬻ٹľ룬һֱϣҶŷ糾͵ʻ뵽С
ľشũϲΧܲ羰续ũνӴ򣬶⿪ŵϴš
ʦ˻ٰεİɣ
Х콫ӿһľݽṹùǰǿյ߰人ƵСȻӦסο͡
ܰɣХ죬ǽסˡ
Ҷ˵ͷëͷ˸ڣԭſں˯ëͷĴܵҶͷҶĲϣȥһƤΧһ㡣
11Ѿ뵽˶죬ɽֵĵطǸһɪĸоҶ磬Ҳ˾ù졣
ùеǾǵũ֣ϵʱݣһֱҹ12࣬ΧŽļž
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վڹ㳡֮ϣҶɫ䣬㳡еĴԲͼ죬ԲĴΣأͼУʯбʾľˮС
ڹ㳡ǰˣʮ׵绪ͼϵţס
ͼ͸չũһķṦΰͼ͸֮м̳̳ȫӼ̳Ĺãͭ͵ļŶŷţ¯㰸ӡ̳ǰУׯ¡
˻ΪǺΪ˼ũϣǿҶУһǬ󷨡
󷨵תŨֱϣӦǰɽ̳
ʦ񲻱լӵ
ХȻΪҲѾ֮󣬶ʱҲ˲ͬ
ûλ˲µģߣȥ
Ҷ˵ͷ޽Ѷȣ˿۵ֻҶҲ֮Ŀĺڣ
Ҷһ£ӵ̳̳Ҫʮ̨ףƷ弶һΪŲơšļΪʮʮʮġʮ岽Ǿŵıơš
ڳУ֡𡱵ƣũλҶ棬ȴǸܵһ˺һĸо
̳ũǰհ̨ũţ˫Ŀ΢գӣھ˼棬εضͷ죬ơ
Ǭ󷨲Ǽũãǵʲôأ
ܴһҶ¶˲ɫΪɵ̳δõ̳ϣǴ̳ӿ뵽ɽһ·֮С
ʮһµɽͣЩοǼ˵̳Ͳˣ̳ʱֻҶʦͽˡ
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ţôʧˣ
ɽ˴Լٶ֮ѾǷɽҶȻ֣ǰͻȻϡƺ˴˴Ȼˡ
ʦɽкöǲѽХûҶǰĸӦʱ²شɽеķ羰
Ǻõط
ͽܵĻҶעŷŵɽϣǰɽ֮䣬һȺ⨺Ծţʯͱ֮䣬ԼܿһЩҩĵӰ
Ҷɽţ羰ҲǼѣȺɽľףͱ£ɽ̶ˮ峺ף̶ʯǧ˰̬
ֻľ̫ɽкܶط¶ΪĺۼҶУȴǳһܱʡ
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ʦǸũ֡
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УХ죬ɽӿɲù׼
Ҷ˵ͷʶеĵͼʾоٻϰٹľ룬ƾȣҪϺü졣
λҪɽٹɽпܾҪѩඣҶ߽ԺӣԺժŪҰ˵æӭ
Ǻǣ˵ũ棬ǲԶ濴ͳ
Ҷ֣ͳ̴򿪣һ֧ȥסƽʱǺܷɣν׶Ҫ򰡣
ǻУһιðģԼŲˣ滹ء
˽ӹҶݹ̣ȴûţڶ˵סϰˣɽôоڣⲻֻˡ
ʵũܵΧԭŲٴӴڵģЩ񶼰˴ɽҲ˵صģ˾ǽķӷһ£ũ֡
пˣˣ׷ϣ
˻ͷһһʮŮ˴˳ҶЦЦϵҰ˸ʰӡ
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687 
ҰˣȻа
ҶĻȤϴϲ˲кҶº˵ǰǴӻҪɽģҼҵھиŮʮǰɽʧ˺ü졣ʱͻˣ˸ëӤûˣǲǱҰ˸ץȥ𣿡
£Хõɴ۾ǵһ顣
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Х첻ţĵ˵ڱǴﻹŸëأ˵Сӽɽû£ҪŮˣһСˡ
룬Ϲˣ˵ˮ
ϴ˵ŮɷĻ󣬲Ц˵Ǳ£ɽﶼסʮˣҲûʲôҰˡ
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ӦЩţ߶һ䣬ӣó豭ԺӵСϸҶХ쵹ˮҶɽֵģй㡣
һ仰Ҷһʵ磬Ұ֮⣬ũܻʲôֵ鰡
ʲôҰ˵飬ҶѹͲģҰˣֻΪĻѡ
ҶǸë¼ҶҲڵ￴ѧǵĻ⣬ֻһַĻ죬ǱҰַµġ
ҿһۣѹ˵ũɣ
ɣ
Ҷ첻һ㶣¶һ˿ϲɫȴһΪȻر飬˵磬Сʲôɣǻɻǻʮ䰡
˵ʵҶδʧʱǸȡȵֶΣУǹҲݵġ
ɽ˵ǵˣҶԶ϶Ǿ֮ˡ
ֵܣţҼ⻰ɲƭˡ
δ˵Ů˵ǰɽһ˽ƣһգ۵ĹͲˡµǴõ֣˵ٻġ
ƣĻɰҶ׷ʵʲôʱİжˣ
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ϻλǰҲǽŵڿն𣬺ɩ˵ļȫơ
뵽Ҷ첻˷ۼ˵ɽ޵֮ˣΪҲԶһ˿Ѱùϣ
ɲɵģҶȴЩΪȻνɣֻǷ˽̶ȣչֳһЩܵͨѡ
ͨ˶ԴԵֻٷ֮ٷ֮ң˹̹ԴԵǴﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮӶôķ
ʮ˰ɣҲһ˼Χ˶֪
ְѹ˼֣Ӷ¼ŵṆ̀˵ǽȥ˵Сһ㣬ǧɰ̺һҪͷϨ𣬲ȻҪġ
Ϊʲôɻǳ̣ĻҶһ£һˣֻҪǵԼͨǲȥܱµġ
ҡҡͷ˵˭֪أɽĴͳǲɽг̵ģ˵ɽ̻Ὣɽˣȥʱ򣬻ôһء
ԭȥʱ߰˸人Ůũ棬ΪɽеȤǶϾɽ
ũδĵطﻹǺܶģܡӡҰǶʱûϾǺ
Ϊ˱ⱻҰţȺ˯ʱ򣬵ȼһѴ˭֪ոȼǾ͸оǰһһ׹ȻȫϨˡ
⻹㣬ڻʧͬʱ߰˸ȫʧȥ֪ڶ峿ʱûˣһճɽĿȫˡ
һĻŵЩ˻ɢҲɽжˣҴææĳɽҲ÷зũΧĴӶ֪ˡ
֮󣬷ǼũܵˣЩ˶ǣҪɽȼ֡
׹һϨˣ
ҶаԸΪ϶ţǿʲô׹ģҲûôɣ
˴ҶкȻһϲֶΣһ֮Ϊͷȥ꣬˵ããɽ֮Уи˴ڵġ
룬պˣҪҪȼڰ
ҶĹɩѾֽĳ˼ˣһǴли⳴ɽ⻹иҰʮũɫ
ãȼҶֵܣǻЩȥݵ߾ƣ·ݺãҪɽĻҲЩ纮
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ߴߴ
ŵζһֱҶ첱˯ëͷӶ˶ʯһ۾ת
㡭ֻ
ԭΪҶ첱̵ǸëƤΧ룬ëͷĶһûѾ̳Ӹ򷭵
Ǻǣ磬ҴСģܵΧãҧ˵ģ¡
ҶЦŶ˾룬յëͷߣ˵Ͻ˯ȥ˭̻ȾƵİ
Ҷڼסʱ̣ȴǲ֪ҶƽþƣÿٷҪôһ㣬ëͷǸСϰԣʲôܺ棬ö֮Ҳѧ˺Ⱦơ
ߴߴëͷͷھƺŵߵζСһһƶʱȵһβʣ
٣Ҷֵܣ԰һĻӶɳˣֻĽȴôе档
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˻ỿɽеߣʹܿһԺ׽úӣҵ죬һڷݶܸоˬ
Сģһȷʵԡ
Ҷ첻صһëͷ־ƺȵСһʱ㬵ؽԴصƤëȥһΧˡ
ɽô꣬ǵһμôԵĶ
ëͷľٶ棬ʱҲܸоõǰ͵ĴкʲôͷģϾĳɲһġ
Ҷ첻ëͷ¶˾룬˵磬лл˵ô࣬Ҿһơ
еľ֮󣬿ХڵϵǸɽ뵱¶Сֵܣȥһͳɣ϶12ˣ˵ʲôʱͻѩġ
ũܵȻƽ¶11϶ȣǵһѩٵʱ¶Ȼ轵ʮҵġ
֪ʱ˵Ҫ߶һƵġҶЦŵ˵ͷӹɩ׷ڳ
ôɽ£ҶѰ಻סеļˣܸоõ˴νɽ֮УԼһƬͬء


688 ߸
УУǮ̫ˣ100Ǯͺˣòôģ
ȵԹҶóٿǮݸ룬ŵ֣ԼģɽصģҪٿǮôడ
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룬š
ҶЦŽǮĿڴ˵ͷɽʱٺȼҿиɵĺͷⶫζǲ
ãǻһ㳢
ҶĻҲûã˸ѩƿӣһƿƣҶţ˵·á
Ǳ޺ҶХȥֻũܵΧǧסɽˣȳһ·
ҶȻȫʧԶǳ˿ɱȣХԲ˵ĵߵٶȷǳ졣
һСʱȥǶѾԽһɽ壬ľ֦ҶïܣһЩ⨺ǮҰӰӣҲʱɼ
ԭʼɭëͷҲ˷ֲñ˶Ŀëͷɴ뵽֮УҶҲ֪ʲôȥˡ
Ҷֻ֪ҪЩǰˣƾɽеĶ˺ëͷģһҲʧˡ
ʦЩҩ𣿡
Źļסôʱ䣬ХҩҲв˽⣬һ·ݴﳤŲٲҩֻҶûһΣֲѡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ЩݲҩԲ㣬ϧˣ೤һЩͷɡ
ũطɽɽ˲
Х춼ϵЩҩġЩҩũȻҲʶģ֮ûժɣǲ棬ҶҲȥġ
ȻҪٲݻۺǧ֥ĻҶҲȥժɵģЩҩ֮󣬵ȷƳһЩǿĵҩ
ʦǲǻб°
ХҲɵֻһֱʱֻʦͽˣ̲ס˳
Ҷһ£˵ҪѰҩģ˵ũи˳룬Ҳ
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ڿƼʢĽ죬֮˵ûгХŵϷˣǶ˵֮Աǡ
ǿ϶ûеġ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ЩʾͨڳУǾɰɣ
ЩҶ˵ˣХҲ⣬öԣȴּӿ˼֡
Ҷ컹±˵УɽһѩûҪѹˡ
նҹҵʱ̫Ѿɽ£Χľɫʱɽž
Сʱİ棬ҶʦͽԽɽ壬ɽ·Ѿȫľסˣɽеҩũ֮⣬Ȼûο˵ء
Х죬Ͼסްɣ
ɽжΣҶһͣԱһɽСϪʺӪˮ
ХıͳһѿҶ콫յϵһЩݲһ𣬴ʱѾ붬죬һɽ
Īסɽ޵ˣɽջľʹʧ
뵽ҶкȻðһͷû϶ЩɽֲǲĸԴ
ҶЩݲݾһХ콫ϵĵɽЦʦͲջɰ
ҾѰɵģǲء
ҶٵЦˣѹóյˮϴϴЩͷϺȵȺ
һ·ȻҶûժʲôҩģһЩľеĺͷȴǲ˲١
ⶫӪֵߣᡢơѲΪĴˣéɽҲֻ٣Ҷ쵱ʦҲżܳʵġ
Ҷ׼ʮֳ֣Хǵɽﲻ͹һСúƿͷҪȥʹЩҶ
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Сӣȥ˰
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Ҷҡҡͷȡ޺ۣСϪ߽߿ƶǣֻȴߵˣǱëͷ̳Եˡ
Ƥǵѩ׵ֳһζӽ˹ʵ̫Сʮ֮һⶼŲ£䣬ǲ»
ˮտͷһζʱ˱Ǽ⡣
ߴߴߴ
ëͷͷʶɿ˹ԣСצڹһ̣һⱻëͷҲֱ̣ȥ
Сӣʲôడ
ҶЦһ䣬һ£۾һȴһھͽǽˮȥ
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ʦǸ㰡
СҶëͷٶǼ죬Х췴ӦʱһһѾǺü¶ˡ
Ľʮ꣬Ҷֻо̩ո·ƣ;ȥƺһ˿
ǲСҶͼԪҶУֻǹȴɢ֮С
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̧ۿХʱһͨ죬ȻʣķӦǳԵëͷһ㷴ӦûС
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ͨͨһﶼ̺ɼũ֮ԣˣйҲֻܱԭʼòˡ
ХѾ붨֮УҶҲûȥ֧񣬶ǶԿݲݲ֦ǰôȼ
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689 ͳ
붬ƵĿ֦Ҷһ㼴ȼڼŵɽһ⣬ҫͷϵƺ
ëͷΧԾţС۾תһȦ֮󣬾ȻֻǰצҶһߵЩʣൽܡ
ߴߴߴҶϣëͷϼ
ԻСһ
ҶûëͷԴ֪СһвˣͷζҶ쵹Ҳʳָ󶯡
˼ʯԣҶһˮ棬ʣȫ˽ȥµļͷҲŵˮ
ëͷ˵ɽǷи˰
ӵȼʼҶоЩûʧũѰҹһݣҲ֪Ƿ
ߴߴ
ҶĻëͷԴ˫۾ȴȫǲ⣬ȻôҶ˼
˵Ҳǰ˵
Ҷ̾˿ëͷѾСԴ￴ЦԻ𼱰˻Ҫһء
ȼѾСʱˣΧɽԶɽǺ֮⣬ûκεĶ
ҶҡҡͷסũĸֲѲɽСδζܹ˵ɽ𰡣
ߴߴߴߴ
Ҷó׼ëͷʢһ߸ʱԭεСһȻëзٶĽ
ôˣʲô飿
ëͷ⸱ӣҶҲȻվëͷĸףֳųĹ߽ʱڵıּΪơ
ȻҶԪѳɣǶΣյĸӦȴƣҶҲҵ˳ëͷеķȥ
ûʲôѽ
ֺͺڰ֮⣬ҶҲĶҲûΣշĸоͷëͷ
Ҷͷһ˲䣬һɫӰϢسҶһֻХͷһ붨еХɵ˵ϡ
˭
ҶڷӦ˹ǰһȻ͵תֻӰ֪ʱʧˣǰֻڵϵХ졣
Х죿ͽ֪Ҷд󾪣Ҳ˲ڰˣһ嵽Хǰ
ãֻǻ˹ȥ
ҶַХĲܸоõȻܵʲô˺
ߴߴëͷƺԷûж⣬εĽȴղǰˣҲࡣ
ͽܺҶվźڰһ˵СҶ죬һð֮ǰ£
ֻǳҶɽлصǺڰžɣƺһжûһ㣬Ҷ񿴵µʱȴһ㶡
Ǹոտһ֪ʱȫˣֻǶŻ硣
ģǹ
һ򵨴ҶһĻҲĵһɺ⣬ԷʾХ죬Ȼ󽫹ߣмûз˿죬ֱǹһ㡣
֣ȡԼСǼֱ練ƣȻȼգҶȴ˿˿亹
ǰȻСðˣ
վԭص˼ӺȻûκ죬Ҷҧҧ˫һ⣬ʶɽ̽ȥ
ɽҶΪѰøˣҵĹ˿̷ǰˣҶԸˣҲҪƵһ
ҶһóľףǰûиоʲôΣգҲͷųԪԭ֮һ
ţûˣ
ȻҶԪδͣһ̶Ϣʱ䣬ѾΧ̽һֻǣⷽԲ֮ڣӰûС
ףȤҶ첻֪ǺõʱкȻһ
˭˭ں˵Ҷ콫ԪջأĴ
ߴߴëͷֵؿҶ죬Ҷ֮⣬û˵
ӵԪ񣬲ԣԪҲЩŹ֣ԪȫޣƫƫֶԪ֮һǵһμߡҶԺǸ
ҶҲ֪νԼеģ¶һҾ˵СҶũܣΪ˽󣬻ǰһ
ûԣͿԼϵ⣬ϸղǹȰĶŵͨϣ϶Ϊɻˡ
Ҳܼͨ˰
ƺЩգ˺һᣬӵԪǿˣҲЩŹ֣ޣҾͼǰɣ
䣬Ҷ͸ӦǰһһԼһңɫµˣͳǰ׵ĵط
˱Ҷ죬ܿͷİ׷֮⣬Ҷȴ޷ģ
ڴ˵ϢҶ˿оվ·ںһҶ޷Ĵڡ
ߴߴǰͻָӰëͷҲŵòᣬɿĴܵҶͷϡ
ëͷ𳳣Ҷǰ˰벽˫ֱȭ˸˵СҶ죬ݼǰ
Ҷ죿ԪǴӺζԪΪʧˣ
֪ΪΣǰʼն˵ֱӴ뵽ҶԺ֮С
ǰʦһʦΪµˡ
Ҷһ£˵ԪΪģֻγԪʱѣƣûԪ֮ɽѰǰģ
ҶԪγɵĪʱ֮УʵҲԶǲƭˡ
ҶĻƺЩȣһҶ𣺡µˣͳһӦǴڼôûԪĹⲻѽ
ڼҶһ£ʵǰ˵Ŀӣ
Ͻڼ˲٣Ӵ˿˵ģֻʷϵĹˣڼ
˵ʷɫʵĴˣʱˡɽҩ޵Ϫ֮ȣԳƹ
սʱ丣ݺءǵˣǳ£ҵ²ԤԼҵĽ㣬˳ƹһλšȫš
Ҷ֪Сһ飬潲ߵ֮ȻʱգҲʧˡ
ǰϰõĹµ˴µģ͹Ӳ޹ϵ
Ҷ컹治֪һԹΪмһֱǰµΪʦġ
ôûϵռһġ
˲ΪȻ˵֮˳ڼΪ֮ɡ˶Ƴ粻ѣĹغΪβأ
ˣǰǰںСӿЦɣԷĻҶһȻǱ˵ūͣ
Ҷִûʲôū֮˵˵ĻҲоǳĲϰߣԼ˾һ㡣


690 Գ
ʲôֵģûô̶ֳȣ
˶ҶķӦƺЩˣһץϵëͷձ˹ȥֻڵеֽץסëͷ
ֻ㣬㲻𣿡
˽ëͷõǰ˵̻֮ܽڵʼأ
ߴߴߴ
˵֮ëͷƺܵʲôţƴֻôѲ˵ơ
ڵǰ˵γɽˣ
ҶԴ󾪣ҵ伮гἰ𵤴Ҳûܽɽ𵤰ɣ
𵤣
˶ҶĻ֮Աǣ𵤾绹ʮǧأڵ޶еģ˵Ľ𵤲һ֪֮ûн𵤸ء
ޣҶ챻˵Ļָסˣô󣬻δԾ
˲ҲǶΪβܣľ飬˳˵ӣǻҲġ
˵ĻҶԺһըףеظܵΧһУĻΪԼի񻰹ء
ǡëͷպܻ𣿡Ҷ˻һеëͷҲ
ôܣֻΪǿ׳ʲôӻʲôӵġ
ƺҶеЩͷСӵ׶ʦųû̹𣿡
ҶЦһŵͳȱʧҲǻԵɺϲ磬ȴ˽̵ġǰ˵к꾫ͿԻ𣿡
ֲء΢΢ףӽ͵ȻҲпܻΣֻǴ˵ҷûں꾫ˣֻǻþѣС˵˰ɣΪˣ
ԭˣллǰָ̡
˵ĻҶһ˿򣬹ֲóɽкԵʵɲ⣬Ҳ޷Ǿ߳Ƥء
޷ʮ궼û޵֮ˣ˵ô࣬ǻǹ߸ˡ
ҡҡͷ˵֮ڣɽбؽѩԪȫޣȴ޷ҿ㻹ɽɣ
˳ԸˣҶ첻ɴ󼱣æ˵ǰҽɽΪѰԪ֮ǰȫ
Ҷǧ棬޷ǾΪĹǰ˵Ϊ磬Ҫߣ뱦ɽֻص
ҳȫ㣿
ҶĻҡͷ˵ΪȻԶߣϰ޹಻һҪ˵̵ǿԣ
ޣ࣬͡ѡѵǰ
ʵǰ˵ࡱĻֻҶûע⡣ˣ϶ʱ¶ŵɫ
ҵȻడղŲ˵𣿡
˲תҲգΪҲˣҼ㲻Υ˵
⡭⣿
ŵ⣬ҶؿˡɫļʱŤͷƤһ飬в·ӵĳ嶯
Ȼ·ǰ⡰ˡȴһԳףͷһֱһɫëűŵĵطҲˡ
ˣһֻԳҶȻ²⣬Ҳû뵽ԻõǰߡˡȻһֻԳ
ʹҶ˼άͣˣŴŵֻܷڣǰֵףʵǵ߸ǰʮе֪
ôˣղŲʲôֵģ
ֻԳҶıʮֲ죬ǹֵԵѿˡ
ǰǰС̫ˣǰ
ʵǰɲҶ첻ţС޵ԴԻȽ׽һ㣬һͨˣŻȥˡ
ţ⻹࣬ˣЩɽҰԷǿˡ
Գһ䣬˵ǰɽоȹˣЩһҶƵģ˾Ͳټͨˡ
ԳĻҶкȻðһŵʵǰǴ˵еİԳ
Ҷ˵İԳʵǴսʱһλ˾ͽյˣ˸ʳɽУüﳯϦദУģԳﶯһ׹ġüͨȭѧͽࡣ
˾ͽճŰ£ͽΪԳʦҲ˴˵˾ͽձһԳǰֻԳҶ˵ˡ
Գϰɡ
ֻԳһЦ˵С֪ĵǲ٣¸㣬ҵ˾͸˾ͽԳһ˾ͽΪ˵ģ
ԭԳʦ˾ͽ˰
Ҷ૵۾ŰԳһ˵ǰСĳϣܰС˾ͽǰ
ԳȻˣ࣬Ҷ쿴һ˿õϣԳĹܹ֪ɣ
ʮǰ뿪֪ˣô
Գһ֣¶˵ɫ˵޽ˣ˾ͽ޺ˣǰԳһػ˰
˵ŻԳͷְëͷ˳ȥȻڵϴ޺֮죬ȺɽصһʱԶȺĺѹȥˡ
ǰչˣڰ
Ҷû뵽ֻԳ˵޾ȻͿȰ˽ڰ˳䣬Ҷô뵽ԼһȻȰһͷԳﲻҪġ
ԣҲô˵ģ
ҶĻֻԳӵΧҶת˼Ȧ֮˵С˻û㣬ĵҩҵǶˣҪȻǿĵơ
ǶˣҶԵ۾ɥʵǰûһ𣿡
Գҡҡͷ˵ûУǻڽĹͷɽֻõҩˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ҷ汻ˣһҩܽʧ⣬ɼ̶ˣɹؼһûʣ£ӻ粻˵ء
࣬õҩҸ͹ȥһء
ԳƲƲ죬¶һԻĶ˵ҩ͹ûˣԪɣҵǿԽЩСͨʶӦѧûᡣ
ʶ
Ҷһ£Գδſ˵ԼʶģðɣǰҪǷĻʹҰɡ
˵ʵҶ컹濴νʶֲǶ˵ͨԾͬһá
Ǻˣֻ㡭
ʶ׼ȷ˵ʵʶԵ𶯣ֱ˵ԺҶһĥͽˡ
ǰѵ˵𣿡Ҷ콫һλʶ뵽˰ԳС
ʮǰ˺ǣȻ˵ˣûʶ㡣
ԳмƲƲ죬ֻӺ䷢ԵЩ졣


691 
ãǻʶɡ
Գ䴫ɳҶļƤˣ֪ԳĺһǣԷֻû뵽
үֻǺܾû˵ˣͺˡ
Ҫ˵ԳĽףϰԵģԶǱĶɱȣԳٴſ˵ʱѾࡣ
ǰû°ɣ˵ĻХȻԲѣҶ첻Щġ
Ϊյӣӵܣ
ҶĻ󣬰ԳЦ˵Ϊ̫ͨǿ˶٣˵ĹҲֻܼǷʶѣ
ǰȻֶΣһҾ
ԳӣҶæƨ׻˵ѧȺ󣬴ΪȣȻǰֻֻԳԷΪĵȷȷҪԶԼġ
ǵȻˣô꣬үֶζˣʮûк˵Ҷô֪ȤԳǲԸ뿪ˡ
ŰԳˣҶ첻ĵʵǰûϰĹ𣿡
ûУʱ򻹲ʶأʶֵʱѾڵĹѧʲôã
ҶڿǰԳƺоô˵Щûӣһ½˵һЩСֶΣ˵ʶʲôģɴһ̸ɣԪĳ̶ȣǿҲóˣ
ǰȱľǹҪȻȫޣͷҲˡ
ԳĻҶЩЦãʹѧЩСҲα겻αԪ޷ΪֻͣͲǰġ
үҲûа취ԳҡͷԴʵһޣ㹻ãڵΪﶮý̵Ҷأ
ˣ˾ͽǰĶӦɽаɣ
ҶͻȻһ£۾һ˵˾ͽǰѧˣĶӦûᴫһЩǰܲҽȥһأ
հԳ˵˾ͽסũУǧĻۣ϶ȱģ˵ˡЩĵҩء
˵Ķ
ҶĻ󣬰ԳСһӱֽе붼룬˵뿪ʱ򽫶ˣ˵㣬үҶȥ
Ҳȥ˾ͽǰܶ𣿡ҶԴ档Լἰ£ӿԹͦصġ
˰ѶĴˣҲȥ
Գûֹ̫Сˣö棬͸һƿҩҪȻүΪͣͲǰ
ȻΪ˾ͽˣѵǰѲģҶǰֻҲ֪̣˶ٺö
һ˾ͽ뿪ʱ򣬽ҺȺ֮ȫԳȻѾĻȴ޷򿪡
ǰҪȥ˵а취أ򲻿ըҩ
Գ⶯Ҷ첻ɹƻȻԸˣЩصǼܲסǶйջ󰡡
ʲôըҩֺĶ
Գҡͷ붼룬͵˼ŵҩûʲôҪƻ˶ܰǵҵƤ
˵ŻԳ۾ЩƵؿҶ죬˵СҲǺˣ˵Ķƻ˵ˣǶĶҲȫҵģ
Գһ仰¶ʵ뷨Ҷ첻ɿЦôֻƷӣҲǺް취
˵ǼˣȴˣҶǱŤͱˣҲԸӷϻˣ¿˵СӸԵǳǰ֪кǰһΪĸˣСȥݷðɡ
Գһ£˵ɽһˣѾʮûˣ֪ڲڣɽЩţӣҲֻǺصЩ˲࣬ҲôʱûˣҾͲ֪ˡ
ɽȻиˣ
ԳĻҶһݣ˵ʱϻ˵޼ôû˵Ĳˡ
ߴߴߴ
ҶͰԳԻʱëͷ˻СצӲסԼϱȻţʱѾ֪Գûж⣬Ҳλǰߡˡˡ
ҶëͷĻԳȴˣ۾һɣ˵Ҵţë̵ʱҾͻ˼ʮˣҲ˰ɣʮǰôû
ë˵̫ƽ壿ǰô֪
Ҷһ£峯귢׷̫ƽ귢裬ͷɢ̫ƽһھë
̫ƽ1850ңǻԳѾʮˣڵȷ˲200ˣ治Ǵţ
ԳƲƲ죬˵ǳëиС죬֮˳ɽһ£ûˡ
ǻԳȻѿҲ˵ʹ߶ȴҲ֪һЩɽ顣
ģֱǸֵ䰡о̫ƽǶʷ֪϶Ϊڵģ
ԭҶΪʦ͹ļһ͹ˣɺԳǼֱ󱲡
ԳҶ콲һЩ󣬺ȻʵˣСӣ֪ũ޵ߵģ
ҵõһ飬汻һλǰøʶͼũУСġ
Ӷ˵ˣҶȻԼĻ½ԪءԼʶͼԭԭؽһ顣
Ŷ£Գ˵㽫ǵͼʶңʶķࡣ
Ҷһ£պ̵ķǸͼȷԴԷС
ͼ󣬰Գƺʲô૵ﰡѾüʮûȥඣ
ǰʲôطѽҶԭΪо˾ͽ˵Ķɼ⸱飬֪Լ´ˡ
УȻ֮˽Ʒĵطˣ֪
ԳûؿһҶ죬˵ʮǰﻹЩͻķˣҲ֪Щ˶ûУ
Ҷǰӻܳ䵱ǰ԰һ£ʮЩˣָܽǻǳ˲ٵĿͷЩ˿û˿ĺøС
ǰ֪ܴܲҵǱ߿
Ҷһ£ũܲȥɣȥЩǰ׹ĵط˵ܼʲô˿ϵء
Գ˵ͷ˵Ҳ޵ߣȻȥУ˵ˣǵط˲ܽȥ
Х첻ȥëͷأҶָŰԳëͷ
Ȼȥũ˵үҲܺˡ
Գëͷ˵ͷү㼸йҲʶү˵Ͳˣ
֮Ҫǿǣʹһ˼˵ȴֻԳһ幹Ƶ޲
ɣҸȥҪХҶһ£Ӱȡֽд


692 
ҶҲû˵ֻԼЩԵҪɽжգХȥһЩʱա
ǰǿˣ֪ожԶ
һХϣЩ𣬿Ų֧ŵҶſ˰Գ
ֱ߲һٹСӣƾ㣬Ҳδܵ
Գüͷ˵Сӻ˳ۣүһ°ɣˣǰľƾ·ˣ
ԳŵҶЯƿҩƵζͨˣһ׼ƹˣֻҶͬΪˣû˼ôɡ
û⣬ǰպҪȾֻܷԸҪж٣ҶЦû뵽Ӳ̰ԣȻ̰ƣ
ҶûֻҪԳԼպܴϵõôģ˾ͽ˵Ķ߯˷
ţСӲЩϲģƾƵɱƵá
ԳЦ͵һϵľƣϵʵʵĸһ١
ЩԳҲֻżɽ´͵һЩӾƣҶ쾹ȻҪ;ƸӶʱЦͶϲ£ˡ
Ҵߣ²Ҫ
Ҷ˸⣬Գ̬ȶʱֺ˼֣һë׵Ҷ£䣬Ҷֻоڿն
ͷȥҶؿһŰɫ״彫˸סˣûҶϸ죬һɽХŹУԵ۾޷ſˡ
ߴߴëͷҲͻȻļٸһ͵һţؾҶĲϡ
ҪųԪԪδΣɽһΣ˵ҪЩˣ
ҶͷųԪ̽龿ʱԺ˰ԳĴҲҶͷ
ģٶҪж찡
Ȼ˫۽գҶܸоϵļⱻ紵Ķˣɽƺһ㣬һĸʮҶһضȥ
ˣ
ҶҲ֪尾˶ãֻðԳһȻٶȻ˫Ųʵϡ
˲ȥѾľӣҶæ۾һͫ׶Ŵ˼֡
ҶͰԳվĵ·ȫһɰɫҶϥǶûˣʱЩ״ţ˿˿Ƶ뵽˰Գڡ
̶̵ϢʱҶһ˿ڣΪԼ˻þ
ҿһ£Ҷ췢Լλһɽǰʮ׵ĵطһĶڣȴ֪Ƿеڣ
ǰǰۡǸղƼˣ
Ҷ쿴ֱԳ뿪ǵطֻȥʮӣô̵ʱгϰⲻƼʲô
ƼҲɡ
ԳԴһ£˵ҿСʲôϡͿģҾ͸˵һ°ɣвϰ֮ˣϲΪ趨Ϊʲô顢ϵȾ硣ʵصҶԣ޷Ǿͺ֣֮ںΪģֻǿ岻㲻֮ˡϵǽ뵽죬תΪԪҲԳ֮Ϊš֮ţ֮΢ţǽ뵽ż֮С
ԳȻ˿ǵ֮Уð˿˿Ƶİɫţ˲ͱһƲʣ
Ҳǰк磬ս죬ߣкڣѹͿɵ·ˣ
Գһ˵һ̧ȥһ̤ƾվͳһȻʮףµ۰׷ƮƮҲһ㡣
ڿͣƬ̣ԳΣȥ˵˵µɢȥҲţǿͬˣҴˣҲΥ˹أ
ҾȻֻǿ죿
ԳĽ˵ҶпɬԭΪԼΪڵ˵һҲǰ֮С
ԳԾĻ֮Ҷ֪Լֻ֮ܣ׹£Զ֪֮պ֮
ǿ㲻ϡ
ԳҶ죬Ȼ޵ǷγԪ綨֣֮ûţЩء
ǰͲ˵İҶԿɥһֻӱӼӴҶ޲һͷײǽȥ
ԳƲƲ죬ΪȻ˵ģҲУҪ񹦷˵ֱӿԪӤأǵʱΪȻͻˡ
Ӥʲô磿
ۼԳƼҶһ׼ӳȥˣֱлһֻĸоѵд˵еЩɴڣ
Ϊڣѹͻɵ飬ͻữΪԪӤϣҲˣүҾͲ֪ˣ
ҶƿƵķϣԳѵõһأһľ绮֡
Ҿһ񰡣Ҷ׹ˣԼΪΪֻУƨ硣
ҲҶʲôԪӤľ룬ֻҪһƼҶҲˡ
ǰΪҲ𵤴˰ɣѵôһסˡҶвɰʵ׵ĵ
Ϊ𵤴ôװЩϲģҲûмܽǸ磬үүһ򣡡
ԳҶƲڽ˵뿪ʱҲڣȻڸôһ㣬ûн𵤸˻һأ
ԭ˰ǰһ
ԳⷬҶһڴ鵽ڣѾ޵ܴ֮ﵽĶˣԼǵľƺ̫Զ
Ҷȴǲ֪֮󣬾ҪŽѹ
Ψнȫþޱȵʱ򣬲ܸһʱ䣬ʮϰģһ֮ȴ֮
ˣү˵ĹˣСҸط˯ɣҪң
ԳšҶƿƣҶҪһ㣬һӽһƿȫ˶
˵ǰǲҪȥ𣿡˯ҶʱˣôĴ˵ﻹ˯Ű
Уҹȥ
Գ˸ãŰ˵ٴȥﲻԶˣүҪ˯ˣң
ֽ˵ĿȪˮƿӵԳһ뵽ɽ֮УҶ˿̲֪ԭɽԳƽʱסĵط
׻˵ϳɾӳɾˣҲЩöɣ
ԭһԳĻҶҲ˶ϵëͷҲ۾Ĵš
濴ȥɽģǽȥ֮Ҷŷ֣ɽɲ⣬תһ֮ǰʱ˵⡣
ⶼЩʲôⰡ
Щ嶴еİҶ϶ʱ¶˿Цõ顣


693 
ԳⶴӦɽܶĽģҶվĵطңǳʮƽ׵ӡ
ټĿռȴǰ˶
һʯһʯͷ֮⣬ذʮҸߵұϣȥһ׼
ֻЩԳ֮ղҶȴЩЦá
ǶЩʲôⰡҰõĹưףвɷõĻͿϣúƿޡϷŮΣŮӵĻױС
ЩҶĶԳղҿڷŵλãȻЩ˱
Ķ㻵Ҫġ
ʯϴԳɵ˯ˣʵһֱڹעҶ죬ΪСӻٻԼĶ
ãЩҿɲҶ
ҶЦҡҡͷĿȻһǽ˹ȥҵĹƺԴ
ҹ飿
ߵǰҶŷ֣ԭǽǶһȭͷС飬ɢİ׹⣬һ
ȻִҹѾΪӫʯһ֣ͨԲ󻬵ҹ飬ҲܳƵϡ䱦ˡ
˶ǣ͸һҪȻҲƺҶıⶫǴ󷽵ĺܡ
ǰˣҲҪⶫ
ҶҡҡͷҹվֻװõģⶫȻϡ٣ǮõģȤ
ڶ￴˰죬ҹ֮⣬ҲûбҶĶһ죬ôĴ̼ҶߵʯԶĵط׼ЪϢˡ
ףйŹְ
Ҷոϥڵϣ۾Ϳ˴ͷһԼһװˣͨڵ
ȥôۣҶڿϰԵĴһ˿ʶ˲֮ͬΪ֮У̺һɼǿ
̺һ㶼ᱻ֮ΪҲͬ
ҶʦŴ̾ռԿ߷ˮҶЯ޺ۺͷ۾еµɱá
Ҫǰֱө̫֮һ㣬̺֮ٵļԺԲˡ
ǰǰǺﰡ
쿴˰죬Ҷڰ಻סеĺ棬ѯָȻƢôãȴǺΪʦֻҪԼʣ϶ܵõ𰸵ġ
ѽ棡
Ҷûпڴ˯İԳ¶һ˿Ϸʵ顣
ãԳҶ첻ɴϲվߵߣһֻסжΡ
ţôҶ΢΢ȴͬһ˿
𣡡
Ҷ콫䵽ϣзһϺȣȻһ·Ҷûһ㡣ͬʱҶ˺ӵһЦ
һò
ΪˣӿҲͰˣҶȻʧ˫Ҳǧ֮ҪӶò˿ɶˡ
˴Ҷֶֻץ˹ϣͬʱǶˣȴǱҶ𣬶бϵȥ
۵һ죬ʯ澹ȻҳһۣҶĿɿڴҪÿ죬ϻҪС
ɽ˺ӵЦҲ˲װ˯ˣֱЦڴϴ
ǰ⾿ǺΪ˳ذ
Լһװˣ쵰ҶĹ㣬಻ʮӣҶô벻ԶԶԼ
ٺ٣ǵүı
ڳɹϷˣҶ죬ԳȻΪ⣬ʯϴ£ֽУֻһ¡
ǰǰǰɡ
ԳֻΧŪһ£Ҷ͸оһɱǹд̼Ƥʹ
ǰǷʲôɵİ
ȥĺۣղŵľٶҶҲСˡ
㷨㶵Сɲһӽһ٣ʱһ࣬ȴֱӲ뵽ʯͷ֮С
ҶԾӣԳһ˵ⶫһٶ๫ﾫҪȻҲôصġ
ʲôǻƽ𣿡ںǰҶ컹ǸоԼʲôöʶס
Ǵӻƽģһǧƽ𣬴幫ﾫɣ
һǧֻȡ幫ﾫ𣿡
ҶӶ˳ǡⷨ˶ʮֻƽ𰡣
ҶԭΪԼǮˣǾļֵͳˣҶ챸ܴ
Ҷı飬ԳΪȻ˵˲ݵؽ£ⶼҴǸʲôĹҸġ
ԳΪ˰͵͵ܵƽ𸻿󣬲ŽЩ˳ʵ˲ٹ
̵ģǲǺݰõһ
ԳĻҶ쳹ˣôδԼȻһֻǰָŵġ
£ҶҲ˼ڶ̽ˣ˵ѾˣҡҡͷҶصԭش붨
СӵͦڿģΪȫʧֲԪЧǲô
ڶһ磬Ҷ۾ʱ򣬷ǰԳڴԼ
ǰ֮ʺϵ
Ҷվ¶һ˿죬ɽ֮ԣȻ˿۵ľ󣬾һҹĴվϵƣȻָ˹
Գ°ͣ˵ǵȻ󷨿ɲǰ裬ֻǴһˡ
ǰ˭µİҶһ£¶͸ŹŹְӲˣ˭أ
Ҳֱ֪ʣеˣץץҲ¶ɻ󲻽ɫ
ԭǰʱһλڵĸľ򣬽ɽض̳
ԳʱҲǺ治ѣǸסĵطüǽȴֻ͵Ǳίģʲô˺ӾͲ֪ˡ
պӵĲ²⣬ܻô󹤷ũܵģҲֻǰˣ޵˶ԼĶ̣µġ
ûԣһ벻ͨЩķң˵ߣҴȥС
ãҪǰȥʶһ£
Ҷ˵ͷȻûҵȴ֪޵֮˵ľ绮֣ҶҲǳ
ԳסĵطƺвǺԶԽһɽһͱϿȴ
ǵεԭ汱Х⴦Ͽȴů紺ЩľϻҰէȻȥԴһ㡣
УҶĴһ£¶ȱԴԸ֮⣬Ҳʲôصĵط


694 Ե
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ֱĸоҶԾŴ죬ĪӻᴩǽֱӴұڵ棿
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ҶľٶԳƲƲ죬˵Сӣ´βҪôջԪ񣬷һСĻԼġ
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ҶǿγԪ񣬽ЩԪ˹ȥҶᱻű
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ض̳Ȼԣˣ
ԳҶ¶ɫȻ⣬Ŀ⿴ɽ֮еʱ򣬶ʱ
ԳҲ˲Ҷ죬зһֽУɽгȥһϽȭͷСӡ
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ǰ룡
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ߴߴëͷСצָָҶı˼ԣҶ⳥ղܵľʧء
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ˡ̸Ҷ˵ǰҪͷҳȥ
߰ɣԳߵ˶⣬ҲûҶǰʲôת֮һһɼŽ廷
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Ҷ죬Գɽֻʮ๫ˣ㵽ʱѾƷȻȡģ
մʱҾͻὫƸ
Ҷ첻ؿڰԳͷëͷЩ˸˵ǰʱܴëͷһǰ


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ȻҶ£ǰֵҲܳ죬ҶǰХ컹ӣ˵ʱȦȴǺˡ
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Хһ£˳ֽӹ֮󣬿ʵӰ
ĵĵХҲǶģ۳žͽ12ˣǴҲӿȥժõģʵǲѧ
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ҶԵЩʧХ밵ѾʱˣԭΪƾ̺Хżء
Хҡҡͷ˵ûУҸоƺʱпͻƣʦӾǴģ
ХûҶΪһֱͣľ硣
Լ㣬ʮ֮ܽ뵽ͲˣɾһֻӣȴʡȴʮĿ๦ХѾˡ
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СȻ֮ȴʮֵͨԣХ컹Ҷҵˣǳ谮мӵġ
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Ҷ˰֣˵ϳɽȥ򵽵ĺþƶȻǮ˸˽ɽ
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ХһôǾҶ첻˵飬Բȥ׷ʣ´һҶ֮ɽȥ
Хȥ֮Ҷ찴Ԫ֮д
ʶԳ֮ҶŸоСǰûĸˣһָܽԼѹˡ
Դ˿ҶޱеǿҰհԳ˵ڣҶҲһַǳջ
˿˿ƵԪ뵽ҶͷԪڣܿͽ뵽붨֮УֱԺйУҶ
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Ҷҡҡͷεɫ߰˸СʱԶڰԳЧԪ񼸺û˿ĳ
Ҫ֪Ѿλڴɽ֮УȳҪŨٱʹˣҲҶԪá
ףҶҶֵܣ㣬ʲôʱģ
Ҷ߳ţӭ룬ʱʵ˸һҪɫΪء
ҶЦҹģǶϢˣҾûš
СأԴԺ￴ȥ
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Ҷѹ¶һ״˵룬ɽˣ˵ȾƣХɽȥˣ
ҶХƽɽýͣɴô֮ǰĴ˵ɽɣô˵Ҳ׽ܡ
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뱻Ҷ˵ЩɵȻɽʱЩ˵էȻҶĻ췽ҹ̷һ㡣
ǰǱǹ¸˵İɡҶЦ˵ҲǼǮİǣ
ԣԣ˿ɲܵҶֵܣæȥιˣ
뱻Ҷ˵ЩԺתԺʱȴǱϵʯͷˤһӡ
룬ͦ˼ģﻹֹʲôεĻҶȻʧЦ
һ죬ҶĿⶼЩŹֱ֣ʱ֣Хʮ˽ɽ֮ҶĻ
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ХЩ˹˽֮Ҷ쿴Ŀɿڴ룬Ц룬ϲ֣Լżͽɽ
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Ҷ˵ã룬ͷһѾ͹ȥȥҪǾûͶɣ
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Сӻġһ׹ǶѾԱߵХʱ˹ȥԳҶǰ
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ХΣҶ컹̲סЦ˼ʮӾȫʱϵıνǾ֮
뵱ʱ͹ֱͷд飬Ҫ˱ܿƴѧҪҶȥ˵ϸһ졣
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ɽоɵ飬Ҳ˳ȥΧֵ÷зһʱ˽ɽϼƿƣ˱ӡ
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ֱһ괺ڣ˲ŷ֣깩ľƣȴǱ͵ȥģȻЩǺˡ
֮ʦͽ˻ص˾ǵĺԺУӻޱҲϲԽһ˺һ

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Ҷؼҵĵ壬ϢڼϸĵȴɷЩ˼
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ʱ˸оʯͷ亮֮⣬ƺôǺܴ󣬺ëͷϲҶ͸ˣǵëͷǽʯͷ뵽ˮ
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Ƭ֮Ҷ¶˾ϲɫܸоԪЩ֮ƺ̶̵࣬ļӣȻȵĿޡ
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Ҷϲ֮࣬Ҳһ˿ʣû뵽Ԫ֮⣬ȻܴӴʯͷȡȻҪԪӾ
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ҶתԪ֮īʯʱ򣬴ȴǴŵĺ
˭ţҲ˵𣿡
Ҷ̾˿εվˣΪЩ޵֮˶ɽ֮У׼䣬޷ƽľġ
Ĳ˵ҶղŽԪͷųҪͷʱ򣬾һ˵ܵ˺ġ
ţʲôңҶ˼Ÿƿˡ
Ҷ죬Բ𰡣ҰˣһˣףɣЩ˼˵
ףά磿
ҶЦҡҡͷûһôѰ˵Ͱ浱ҶƢǲǣ
Ҷ죬аֵءͷҶĸ첲
Ҷ˵ͷ˵֪ߣǳȥǡ
֣Ҳ˵Һȥ
ߵԺ᷿ҶںȻˣ˺ףά֮⣬ȴҲ˹Ҷƽкš
ȿȣҶ죬ȥӵ塣ҶԼͶȫ˿ףάЦЩɷ
֮ǰҶˣףάͶҪǰ̽Ҷܾˣ֪ҶأӦòϯ̩ĺȭˣǰЩʱҲûҶ졣
Զȴ˵©죬ףά֪ҶƼȫˣֶ˼Ŵ򼸸绰Ҷܾ֮ĺԺ˺üΡ
ֻǰҶǰũˣףάȴΪҶڶЩϵȻںȻ˵ˣмŵľٶ


700 Ȱ
С죬Сף㼸ˣܲܶŲɣ̫òˣ
ףάͶһΣںȻԸ˽ΧСҶʦˣ˵ȻҪܻʲô
֣õŶ𣿡ҶƲƲ죬˵ǰճˣûڼ˭Ĳʱ򣡡
ףάͶ⣬Ҷһ˵ǰˣ˲ҶҲµġ
ĲʱҶүǲǽһ˵
ҶĻ󣬶æЦҶȻںûκʵȨ֮𣬺ܳҡ
Ҷ죬ҲԣȸǸˣ
ףάҲǶҶҾżζûܼҶ죬Ҳ֪ҶμҹϵôպʶںȻͰϵˡ
һĻںȻЩɵˣȻҲСףάЩǰϾͺ࣬һûеġ
ףάˣҶǰȻ̬ںȻ۾֪ŮôţԼαػҪЩ˰
ںȻ֪Ҷ⹫£Ҳ֪ͬҶҺμҲҶǾԲμҵҡģԲŻ˾㵡
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ŮҶ̸ںȻЩ⣬ǰѵӣòӦʱգҶĲΣˡ
ڶͦͰ
ǰԺһ᷿ҶɫʱƵؿףάСгȻҵˣ´ټңǲǻҪҼ˰
½ˣҶеľΪԼǣˣףάٶɴĵߣҪǸղŵںȻ棬Ҷͷˡ
Ҷ죬Ĳףġ
ҶĿ⣬ףάĵײһ󷢺æ͵ǰͺүϺ飬ף㣬˵պҪǣⲻһ
ףάҲǳé®ͷ࣬Ȼ֪ԼںȻ治̫׵ʵҲ˵һϯżȻںȻġ
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ҶͲףάĽͣɨ˶һۣ˵Ҳ飬˭ǿˣҪǷŵҼˣݹҶĳˣ
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ҶҲǰǰ޼ɵҪ֪ǽеĹأ˭֪޵ǲҲأ
ҶүǶĳάòԣģԲһˣ
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ȫ֮УҶȫȻûע⵽ճԪ񲻶ϳӯĸоߵķ
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ޱһҶ죬˵˵أ죬ôӦҪٲĻҡҾҪȥˣ
죿ôʱ䣿Ҷ֪ԼꤵԭֻʱȫԪ֮У͸оʱš
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702 
˵ʵҶҲܾᣬһ鰮飬һǳѡȷѣԪʱƮƮɵĸоҲҶѡ
С죬˰ɣ
Ҷվſ˼ӣޱĵ˵ߣȥ谾˵Ƭ࣬Ⱥȵ࣬첻Էˣɲܱʳ
лл裡Ҷһů⣬Ҫû飬ǳأһ˲䣬Ҷѡ
Ȼ˵ҶͲˣǵ֮ΪֻҶ콫ķŵͥϣ鸸ĸӶȹ⼸ʮꡣ
ȻŴһ˵õȮ˵Ҷ첢Ͼϲ֮飬ԼΪٸߣҲ޷˼˵ġ
ͨһ㣬ҶлȻʣõԪ֮ܳ׵Ľ֮֮󶼿ڸĸӵߡ
Ҷ죬ˣ
Ҷĸ˵ŻԺ᷿ŴˣһϲؿҶ죬Ь˹
һѽ˹űҶЦӴֳ˰ɲУҪˣȻԺ󶼱ˣ
ˣˣ迴أ糺죬СȭͷʹҶؿڴ
Զԣ֪Ҷ֮ܶղŵûޱôģҪȰţޱվҪŶˡ
ʲôֻأû㿴ѣҶЦŶ˵ȥϴɣҹտҪţ⼸ú㣡
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Ҷ׼磬ôһ˵ʱޱעת˹ȥŶӾԺȥ
ףХ죬ʲôʱۻģ̤ԺҶͿŴɨڴɨ԰ҶХ졣
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Ŵҵ伮϶ػļأ˭ûµģҶĽߣȴ߸˼˵֪
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ҶĻϻ誳̾˿ʱ״λ˻е˼ʱ֮Ѿʧȥ˽ϣˡ
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ҶֻԵɺϵˣǰʮҲͳôһȻҶڰԪΪҲֻǿϸѡ
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ҶЦ˵ʦ֣Ϊ뵽죬150ϵԪǻء
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Ҷһ£˵ҵõƪĹר޾ģʦֶҲ˵ʶӦ֮Ҿÿһԣ
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ĹЩûͻƣǸоʶ񡣡
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Ҷ˵ͷðԳ̵ʶ֮һֱַ͵ʶ֮С
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ԺͻȻֵǶ֣һ黳ȵĹļңҲǼѡ


703 طʵ
ǣԪδΣЩҲһ֪⡣
ҶЦһȻ֮ż¶ĥ̤֮ʱȴµﱻϣʱ״̬ϲЩΡ
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Ԫ֮ʱɱ˾ţ߻ħԳΪ׳գЩС˵ڣȴҲǿѨ硣
ļҵ˵ͷ˵Сʦܣ֪ڵõ˹ǷܽԪأ
ȻļϾȥĳ嶯֪ҶԲ飬ɻٶġ
۵ľĻһʱ䣬Ҳ뵽֮ˡ
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ԪӤ磬Ǿ͵ڶһʹԪӤҲԶԴ߱һԣνǲ
ȻǶ԰ԳǵԣԪӤҲֻһִ˵ѣϾ֪ķûн𵤸˻˵ء
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ļҿҶ죬˵ĴҵشʳǣȻȡԶ۵Ļͻȥɣ
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Ҷҡҡͷ˵λʦ֣֪ûмһⶫɫīͨܽѪסʶȴǴ档
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Ҷ쵹ûȥɽڼסһڣúһӣֻҹҹ»״̬ȴЩԲˡ

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704 
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Ҷ̾˿ԽѣͳСָСһī񣬿֪ǺҲ䵱ģһࡣ
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˵Ļ󣬺ƴһ£һ׹ǵײȥȴ鼱֮³δεڵҪƴˡ
ΪʵԻ֮ϵģĽᵤֻһţᵤܻ֮Ϊ൱Ľ𵤴
Ȼֻڣɽ𵤻ԶǺͺԼͬȴһƵĴУֶԶǺܱȡ
ҵеҲб޴󣬲һס
⸿ҪԪ߶Ϊ˽԰ס񶼷˸ϣһʱҲûɱԡ
ͻȻ³ڵƴҲʼδִ֮£ֻüǰһ֣ڵصײȥ
ءһ졣
ǲ㻤ֽһѿڵİ׹صײ˵ϣ˵屻ײɳȥ߰Զ
ȡȿȣ
ڰ֮ʱ˿оѪֱ磬䵽֮󣬸վסΡ
Եڵһײ֮£ɫҲǱҡҡλεԴȥ
ųͱջȥˣ
ǵȻɫֽǻһ˿Ѫȴ¶Цһģһ׹һֻ֣ڵץȥ
ϣ
ԶսҶһݣǵĴּʵһ㣬֮Ԫ֪Ҫǿ٣
ԪٶȺε֮죬ûڵջأѾǱץԿзһ³һıԪ뵽ڵ֮С
һʱ䣬ڵâţֵǿ˼֣ǵȻץסڵȴ޷
ϣƴΪˣҲҪ㣬ʱڵҩ˵øأ
¶һ˿ɫͬſһţͬʱںϵĸʱֽ˼֡
ȻԵۼ׿Եǹ룬⸿֪ʲôƳɣȻ˺ԵۼףϺɫѪΪϸӿ뵽˺̶С
֪ԼһߣҲǷӣȻԼԪҪڵ֮ϣһʱ䣬һһԾȻֲ¡
ֻǺԵڵͬʱܵ岻ѪҲԪˣʱʤƽȻǵб
Ҳ¶ЩϲɫԿɻǱټϺ̶еֲԼܵˡ
ģȡҩľ޵ˣǵ˵ĻҶѾ׵ȥͷɴŭ
ɽ֮УҲûгΪΪԼ˽Ҫɱ˵Զ֮
Ҷ컹ס˳ֵǵԼóȻֵĻһͱˡ
ԣҶ죬ǰڴʶǵ𣿡
Ҷ˼һ֮Ԫ񷢳һ뵽˺Եʶ֮УǰԳʶ֮
ҶʶŵĺͻȻһ٣˶ͷĴ


706 
Ҷ촫֮󣬺Բûиоϲ۾ﷴ¶˾ŵɫȻǵҶ죬֪ͬҶǰһǺͬһġ
࣬ı仰ĵҲֻථõģԻ꣬ǻ۲֮ͨ¡
ʱҶʵںǰֱͲֵһᣬʱ͵ƴҶļ룬ͻΪѹյһݡ
뵽ַҶ֮ǰֻҪص̶УͿڲ֮ˡ
ںϵǽɫȴˣѪ˿ӿҲǵ˳˸ѹ
ģүͷһƤһھѪ˵ľίˡ
Ҫ֪ԵΪԭͱߣȻŵͷ˻ҪԪ߶ģʱҲ쵽;ƿݵľˡ
֣ġ
Ҷ쿴˺ԵĲ¼ҪңͰɽеĶθջȥ
ƾҶ죬޷Ըǵˣȴ뵽һ취ǱҪϲеġ
ͷһҶԪǿʯȥƺҲò⡣
Ҫ֪Ķ֮Ȼ޷˺ˣҲķ
ջĻ˾ͿԽõ⸿ϣʱԽ֧ȥˡ
ԥӣҶ촫ΪԶˣٲֻȥˣ
˼ն¸Ƕ쳣ԼһԵĻҶҲԼͺС
ԺҪǲջأҶҲֻջԪܶԶԶˡ
Ҷ仰¶һ˿ɫƴȥҲֻаһ;ǲ簴Ҷ˵Ĳһˡ
һڵԪץסĵڵͻȻתһεڵΧ˳
ɽǹһ磬鲼ڹиĶźԵڵӿ룬̶̵ļϢ֮䣬ɽ֮оͻָ
ţô£
ڹҶĺ£ͻȻжɢȥʱһ£һٶ̶ߵʱ۾ɵɴˡ
ҿɣְ
ͺԶŵĵʱ̲סԼ۾ôžȻ˸
¾Īʱ򣬶µҶȻ۾˵Ϻǵ˿ǹͷ۵Ҫ򣡡
򡭡ˣҡҡͷҶûɣҪҲǰǵˣôܰ԰
ˣɱ֮Ҳˣ
Ҷ첢ûϺҪңͰ˵Ҷ֮
ҶϱпռԣֱʵѾĴڣһֱǴ˶ġ
ôµĴЩңǻڶҶΣǾеǰԶǹ
ֱ֮ӿǹס򣡡Ҷ콻仰ԪصǴұں档
ջعж֮󣬺ԵڵȻ
ǵҲջ˻ţһŴڸϣҲúԵѾϾµ֧ԮڵһһԻֲµľ档
һġ壡Ĭֺ󣬺¾ǹ׼˰֮Ǹ˵ԴкݺģһΣ
кƱĴӣԭͷʮ㲻ʲôŮǷǹҲǰǿɱˣҲδػʲô֮ĵġ
Ժ͵˵Ȼ뵽˰ȻʵѪúҲܲסˣӴԽԽС
ҲǽƣԪĴѾЩɢղűڵػҲʱʱĻһ˿ѪȻҲǿš
顭飡
ڴʱǹȻ𣬴֮Ľ֡
һӵǹǹǹǹҪӵͬʱǹţƷ˷ȥĿǵ˵ӡú˫Ҫ
ǹ֮󣬶ʯҶһӱˣȻãеĻк֡
ǹͬʱ˺ȻһһѳԼĶ̽У̧ǰ

֮ӵȻȫ̽Ŀˣ˵壬ûһ£
밵үСӣ㻹Զأ
˵˸ߣ¶һ˿Цںջعжεʱ͸оЩԣѼǿ˾
ԪĴ֮Щɢʵǵ˷ֳһԪ۲ΧɽеҶͺ¼ڵһʱͱˡ
˵Ϊʹռ֮ܵΣջܸоõģҶ˵Ķѱĵס
ֻȻĽ׶Σ֮󣬲ûϸ죬ǽԪ˻ʹǹҲֻһֻˡ
ʵҲˣǹ˸񵲿Ǿ޴ĳûŲһ
⡭⻹𣿡
ɽĺ¿Щɵۣһٶ׵ľ룬ǳǹľ룬ǵֻ˻֣ǵӬһĽӵˡ
Ӳܵסٷӵ
ҲǷ˺ݣʳָ۶һʱɽǹϵĻѩϵ
Ҳ٣ҲУǰֵΣú½Ӷ˳
ɽеĵθûۼĶΧţһſԼӵȫ񵲵Դ
һĻúڴӵ֮󣬶˻ˣûһ˿˵ĵǹ֧ѲɵȭǹĿںŲǿѨ磿
֪С
Ȼ̽Ϲעţӵĳõָоһ飬¿һǹͣЪĻᣬ͵һ
ȥ
ŵ˵ĺǰѶ̽ವһ·˹ȥٶȱӵҲ˶٣ת˲֮˺ǰʮ׵ĵط
ģɰ
Ƕ̽ǰϵķŴ󣬺æԴ档
ֻû뵽ǣ̽ͬƵģΧһתг֫ϸĴǶһıնˡ
նϵ·֮󣬶ֱ̽µԴȥ´ʱ޿ɱܣֵֻܾĳǹһ¡
ִƵĳǹССĶ̽ǰȻģһ׹ǹһΣְƶȥˡ
û뵽ϺݺһȻ˺Ϳ
´ʱ͸оִʹΪĽʹ׹ߣзһ־µһθоԼ֮


707 װ
ºɣ̽ȡԼͷ׼Բ˿
Ѿʬ׷룬Ѫ龰길״СʱֿǵԴǰ㡣
ⱲҲֵˣ
²ûԹҶ죬ر۾һӲ˵ɱ飬ҲһʮϣȨ˿ǱӦˡ
ں±˫¾ʱ򣬵˺üӶûио崫ʹǴ̵Ŀ۵ýƺҲʧˡ
ô£æ۾ȴǰϵѩڻһƬǰѶ֪̽ʱĲ뵽ѩС
ģû˫ϥһһƨ˵ϣ޵ظſתһȦһ亹
Ӵˣ
ֱ˿̣²ŸоִһʹͷһѪ죬СָָСƣıǶ̽ȥһ롣
ʮȵ£˵ֶϣҲѪסˡ
˲ö룬æһ½󣬽ְȻѪʢֻˣʱһ˵ֶỵġ
Ҫ˵ҲĴ֮ˣһֱæԼƣ˹е֮սæͷ̽ȥ۲
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û£һСˣҶ죬ʲô飿ҡҡͷֱ˿̣ûعǵΪλһ
ٺͣߣȥɽ
Ҷ˰֣ץ壬˳һ飬ϵǸ󱳰еĿɽϡ
Ҷ죬սˣղžʲô
¸Ҷ󣬴ʱҲģģ˹еΣǺѾǲ֪ȥ򣬶ԭվŵĵˣڵ֪
ϺҴˣû뵽޵֮
ͷһֲŲĺ£Ҷ¶֮ɫ
Ҷ쾡Ѿ߹ǵ˵Ϊôû뵽Ȼܷųɽ֮ȡ˺µ
ղŵ飬ҶҲһ£΢һ㣬º´ʱѾһʬˡ
ʱǰݵ֮ǰڷųж̽ʱ򣬵¶һ˿Ц
Ȼ˵еĽǧ֮ȡ׼ĻЩţǵţ֮ڣԪķ׵նɱ⿪ǹ֮ˡ
һҪֳһ˿Ԫݶ̽ȴҪԿԵڵȻΪ񣬵ͬʱºͺԣǳ֣Ҳ覷ˡ
ڴ˿̣ҶˣԼԪеûϡ
ʱһĲֱӴ뵽ڵĵԪ֮С
õѾжʱˣҶڴ֮УҲһЩãȻͬʱһԵķ
Ԫ߶֮Ĳֱõ˵ʶ֮Уʹ˵ɥҲöԷԪң־塣
ҶûʵΪЧʱҲǹעһһѣմеطɱ֮뵽˵˵Ԫ֮С
ǵôû뵽ڴ˵ؾȻеڶˣõĻ޵缫Ϊټ
ɱ¾֮Ԫ֮ΪѾ뵽ڣԪޱȣҲԪɢɢ˿С
ԿڵɲǸ裬ڵԪĴɢ֮ڵͬһһ㣬صײ˵˵ظ
ײȫûκεķڵȻӲƿһ󶴣㱻ײΡ
Ȼ뵽֮Ѿ˾
쾳绹̫ԪศɵĹϵȱһɣԪҪʶ֮УܵشԪҲ޷Դ
οڵײĵطǵ˵µҪһײ֮£˿˽ŴӸٵˡ
ںϵĸûŵĴ߶ʱиǺҲ֮ſһȻڵ͵δһԪ뵽˿С
ҲΪˣ˵ԪܵشҲǰѶ̽ʹúǧһ֮ӵ졣
һжת˲֮䣬ҶҲڼ֮󣬲ԵɣҲһ亹ΪԼԵʣµ͵ˡ
ǰҶȴûͣ٣ֱɽġ
ǵˤ˾̶ʮ״ĵط೦Ӵظ֮˳׵ĻѩѾѪȾ죬ƺһ˿Ϣ
أ
ǵ˵ʬʶԱ˼ƺΪŽеĿ־壬Ǿ㣬㵹ǺãԸûӰˣ
˺أص̶ˮˣúˡ
Ҷͣ½Ų۾û뿪ϵǾʬֹ˺֮ҶȻ˵װˣ֪û۾ɣ
ʲôûҶ죬Ұ
ҶĻ󣬺¼Ƶæ߰˲ŵѾӲһҡҡͷ˵Ҷ죬͸˰ٴҲȥˡ
˵⣬ѪˣҪܻţֻһֽͣǰλͲˡ
ҶЦһ˵ϺҰͷǱһ֮ˣ
С̫Ҷ컰ʱ򣬵ϵǾʬ壬Ȼ
ԪͬʱܵشǵԭݷװҶ˲ʱԪ϶һ˵ûȴǱҶˣֻ֮۾
Ҫ֪˿ް꣬Ȼܵ˺ûȫϾԪ񻹿Բʶ֮С
ҶҪǽͷ­µĻʣԪĻᶼûˣֱӾͻữΪһɾԪɢ֮䡣
ҿթʬ±ͻŵ
СкͬǺε
ǿԳ޺޵˵ѵʦŹַͬ𣿡
Ҳ֮𿭣ڹʦŵһ׼飬ʱʮط׽硣
뵽ڳɽзֵһ˲Ӧǧ򣬵ʱɽժȡŻص飬˭ʱľȴʹڵĴ
ΪȻóҶδȫ֮һֻǸ߶ѣԼȻԪ⵽شаնȡһġ
ֻҶֳֵ壬ȴõмɵѣסҶ죬䲻ʱͻȻ֣δεԪɵ
Բ޶УǰҪƤδɣ
Ҷ¶Цݣǵ˼˵ҵȻʦŹԡȥˣ


708 ջϣ
ҶϵЦͬ㣬𿭶ʱ˿ȻƺأֶδʹֻҪܻһҶİջǺܴġ
ڴʱҶ컰һ䣬̽һâ󣬸𿭵ǿŴͷ­߸ߵķ

ͷ­˲䣬Ǿ֮ɫôû뵽ԼΪȻڱΪһϣ
ҶԷ˾Ȼѯʣֱɱ֣ܵشԪʶĻᶼûУ˵ʶ˲뵽˺ڰ֮С
ҶȻ£Ȼǿɽնµͷ­֮ҡ΢һεĲڿӿ
ȴҶǵԪݣʦŵĻؽԼڳʱԪѾעС
ֻҶȴǲ֪𿭵ʵ̫أԪǱشղŴʱͻƤҶˡ
͡ôɱˣ
ǸԼһԵĺ¶û뵽Ҷ컹ûͶԷ˵仰ɱ֣ôҪɣ
Ϻ޵ֶ֮ζˣԶģ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ղҲˣԶĶ֣ҹζ࣬Щ˶˺ã
˵ĵҲǣһĲˣ
ͬеص˵ͷ뵽ǻɵĶ̲̽סҲһ£ǵʱ˺ͺԷֳʤɥȪˡ
Ȼ²֪˵ܻҶֵµģҪ˵ԣˣҲᱻǵ˸ɱġ
ϺˣҪϢ£
ȻⳡУҶֻ幥һθ𿭣ĺܵѹ˫ϥһֱ˵ϡ
Ҷ죬û°ɣ
ܵҶߣѽƵѪֹסˣʹ֮⣬ûʲô󰭡
û£Ϻˣ
ҶЩǸȻĿ£Ҳû뵽˴νɽȻôһ£ҪΪԼ˺ҶⱲ¶ھβѵġ
Ƕƿһ𻵣ȥҽԺӦûܽϰɣҶһ¶ϲɫ
˰ɣǶָѡ
ںҡҡͷ˵Ϻһ٣˾ͶˣϲõĻӲҶ죬ˣ
ԭػ֮ˣղѾˣϵСˣûϡ
㰡֮㵽Ҵʦǰɡ
ҶҡҡͷǿǷˣֻǶԷʲôȱΨסۣͻƵľ磬Ʋܻ顣
ˣҶ죬ղ˵޵ߵǸʲôģ
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ûǰ˲𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷһ£˵Ҳ֪֮飬ǳУѾľͷˣ޵ߵУֻǿʼѡ
µΪֻһܿ뵽ľ磬ǿ֪Щ飬Ҷ쵱½ӰԳ˽ȫ
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ҶĽߺǺµ죬ҲǱ𾪵İû˵ͷʬʱϲ¶˾⡣
Ҳģʲôµģ
ҶѾָĲˣվߵʬԱߣ˵˵ʦţ֪ʲôûʲôö
ҶɱҲˣ֮ıƣȴͷһ⡣
ף۵ǲϧˡ
Ҷִǲɫĵۺ󣬶ʱо˲ͬ۲֪ʲôƳɵģֺҶ˫һ˺Ȼûܽ˺
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ҶȻȫʧ˫ֻٽ˺ƵĵۣȴǱԵڵ˸ǰ󶴴ɼڵ֮
ҲҶгڴ·ϻвٺöɣ
ڵû˼ؿڣҲҪϵˡ
ϵѪѱҶҲܻ䣬ȥóʱȻǶ˸ƽС
Ҷ죬ʲôѽҲ˹ϵĶ˭᲻Ȥء
򿪿֪ˣ
Ҷûгɣֽǵķİˣ۴ȴһƳɵıƽӡ
ʲôⰡͼ񣿡
ûҶ춯֣ȽӸƿˣһȥȴһʧԭ滹ʲô鵤ҩء
ں棬ʯұߵöûоκε壬ߵʯֻСָ̣ɵĺǲۣҲѹֺ¿ˡ
ϺⶫöǮ򲻵ģ
ҶȻûȥǵиһ򿪵ʱԪͲʲôԪһ㡣
˲úͺ¶ԣҶְǸ۵ʯϣͬʱһʯ͸
⡭ʲôѡѵ𣿡ʶʯӴһɲǣҶһ㶣̶¶˿ϲ顣
ҶظоʯϣһȵͨԪԴԴϵ뵽֮С
Ҷǵʧ֮󣬼ϵľ£Ȼƺϵļ󣬶ұ׵ƣҲڿٻָš
ǺӲ˵ֻԪȫ֮󣬲޸ھ𣿡
һ𾪵ؿеʯҶĴԳһհףⶫԼҪôˡ
Ҷ죬ôˣ𣿡Ҷϱ鲻æø첲һ¡
ֹãȫҲԸ⣡
Ҷ챻¸˹ź˵֣˵ϺⶫϣԣûʲôӦ
ҶԿ϶ʯ̺ƺƵģԪδɣ֪ܷյõЩ
Ȼ֪ʯԼҪ´ȴǱԼ۵ģʯȫյҶҲеϧġ
Сĵ㣬ǧҪʯͷ
ʯƵʱҶ̲סһ䣬ԼҲ֪ⶫһ˸ˣҶ쵽ʱûؿȥ
ôöʯһĲ֪롣
ҶѵΪѾˣųһӴʯͷˣ
ףѽ
°Ҷ˵Сͷųһ˿ʯͷ֮һȻʯƣ뵽Ƥ֮С
뵽ȫ֮󣬺ֻоȫůģʮˮµȪһ㣬
ͬʱ¸е˵ĵطһĸо̲סϵĲ˺
׹ǶˣȥϵĲҶͺͬʱɴ۾


709 ջ£
˵ֵʵᣬǶָ̽նµģָСָаƶϵˣ˺Ѫʱ˳
Ѫʱϵϸ֯ƺĳˣȻۿɼٶ
Ѫ˰̣˰̿ʼԵЩۣת֮ͱӲ̶̣֮ڣ˰̾ȻӺµ䣬ʺƤ
ֱ仯Ҷͺ¾ĿɿڴɵɵؿḶ́ͷ𺳼ֱ޷ݳ
ҶҶ죬㡭¿̧ͷϵıҲ֪ǿЦ
ϺȷҶ쵱Ҳû־˺²ȱָϡ
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ϧˣϵָûа취
Ҷ̾˿˵ϺͣʯͷܲܽڵЩ
Ʊ걻ΪӥצһŹǷ켫ϰҹ϶˵һǧ˰˰ٵģٶһЩˡ
ϺƱɽÿ궼ҪܳɽʮȵĿẮûܽ뵽ľ磬ʮȥˡ
µõ²ҲŹȻҲŲٵˣĺãԲܻ
Ҫ񣬱뽫һڼޱȣȫУҶλᣬͻż
ãԣҶ죬
ҶĻ󣬺̶ڵ̶ˮһۣ˵Ǽһﲻ֪ôأͷԴˣ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵û£ˣһʱģİɣû˴㡣
ڶ뵽̶ˮ֮ǰҶ촫һмҶţԾԲɳǵȶ𱨵ںܶʱ򣬶ҪӵĿɿ
˰ɣһȥԶ㡭
ȻϺϵѪסˣǴ̱ǵζȴ޷ģĴһ£̶ʮ״һұ´
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ҶЩģɴཫԪųȴ˱仯һĪ֣ͻȻд뵽ʶ
Ȼһƪ
Ҷ˻ԴԪ˻ȥϸ쿴Ƕ֣ȴ־ȻƪĹֻ⹦ȴЩŹ֡
ڵڶжεʱҶȻ֣һ£ѵһƪ޵Ĺ
ȻҲȴǱ֮Ϊ𵤣Բн𵤴˵ڽ֮ǰ֮ڵ֮˵ϡ
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Եһ٣ȴǵõһƪҶҡҡͷŻص˳ֽһö˳
ⷲǶãԶ׼ҶõġԪءҳЩƺʶӡǣԹ޵Ԫ쿴
鼮ֽɣַʽɸӷ㣬Ըǿ޵֮ˣִƼٷҲ޷һ˿еݡ
ҶЩ֪ҪΪܽʶ棿
֮ҶõҳϵϢȻһΪݿԷĶ֮ǰǵӡǣһ֮ʧˡ
ɴҶƶϣʶ֮˵Ϊ϶ҪҳӼ֮˵Ϊߡ
Ҷȴǲ´ˣ֮ڵʶ֮ԿԱΪʲĵĲͬ
޵б֮ΪרʶӡǵģҪרŵַƣƳɹ֮󣬾ҶҲܽʶ䵽һհ׵֮Уѡ
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֪֪˷ܰսҶֻǰֻſ޵磬һĨڵĻԺδؾнõ
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Ҷ˵ʬ׼뵽̶ˮιԵʱ򣬴ǵ˵һֽҡ
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˼ǮңҶ첻һ£ΪǮҵֵȻԪʾ1955꣬ҶӼ𣬺ûͨǮҡ


710 Ե
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ЩԪֽ֮⣬ϻɢŲднƱⶫҶ쵹ùΪ֮Ʊͨţһֱ1987ʱűȡޡ
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˵ʵڼʶǵ˵ֶκ󣬺ﻹЩη壬ɽȥˡ
ɽҶҡҡͷ˵ϺҪһʱ䣬ȳȥɣ
˵Ȼ۵ľ΢ôһ㣬Ҳǳ֮Ҫǣﲻݱ˴ţҶȫĵͶ뵽֮С
ԭҶţܴӺеõīĻɽһЩʱա
²ī֣ӵ˴õǿɫʯͷƺĻָ洦ҶȻȥˡ
Ҷ첻ϳɽ̾˿˵Ǻðɣ㣡
Ϻ㣬㻹ǳɽȥҼ˵һǲҪģҶ֪ԼһиʮµĲͼϵֲ֪ʲôˡ
³ɵʵǡôԺȰ
Ϲô棬ɽȶǹ¶Ұ
ҶЦܿͽЦϺ˵ҲеԣҪȻʱ䲻Ҫغ̶ˣҰɣ
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Ƕ̽ģҶԸоһ˿ɱ̼С۶Щ飬·ųԪҪ̽һȴû뱻Ƕ̽˻
Ҷֻ֪һ֪ҪҪԪҲǺҪġ
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˾֮˺ͽ֮һϵܽõʹָȫû˿Ͱ
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ϹǻҵطЩǰûʧʱҲѰ޵չصıأ
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ҶûмŽ̶ߵһСʱĳ׵ķ֮󣬲óöС̵ָʯ


714 չأ£
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Ҷϥ˫ֵϷµﴦ˿֮󣬱۾ӡôһâȴǸ첲ԼɼԪ˳
Ծţ̫ǣسУ֣֮֮У仯֮ɱ֮ãıżͬԼ˹
Ԫ񹦷תɽ֮ŨԪܵһ㣬һѷԪӿ룬Ҷһɴһ㣬˶
ͬʱĵǿʯҲ˿˿Ƶ뵽ҶԪҶȴԪΪ壬˿Ԫ뵽֮С
911ʱУҶ챾ˣΪ˾ĸǱȫǱ
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Ī̶֮ﴫģ
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һһ׵̫ͼʱȶҶԪ𽥻ָĵݷͬʱһ˿ţҶ塣
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Ҷǲڵϵģûпǰ̶ˮֻǷǰƣܱԣɾһ㡣
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뵽֮ҶһЩ伮еļ˱֪Ϊ־磬ͨľǺˡ
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ˮԵ·ʱһ֮ĺ̶еѨõ˸ӦȻɽ


716 ̶ʯ
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߰˿ʯҶʱͣסϸ壬Ȼ֪Լν֮ģʣʯɽеҪá
ǶҶԣʯֱЧҲԶؼѣȻˣ뱦ɽֻصĵ
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717 ״
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վ̶ߵҶ죬ҲХѪڣ̲ס˵üһԣΪʲô簡
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ԣ֪ЩģҶȻعԵƪԼҲǶģ沢û˵Щ顣
ԵЩ㯣˻Դ˵Ҳ֪ҰչͷϳǺԴͳЩ֪ʶ
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ˣԣҪǶȹ׽٣ܱܲΪ˰
벻ͨ⣬Ҷȥĥתһϣòơμǡ֣ܻ
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718 ɽ
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ҶĻ󣬺Եг㽣ԴӲǣ͹¶һããɽδʱҶ뿪ġ
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ǰԳƬܴ֮аԭ˰һܵţҶҲĸš
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ǰԹӣҶҲûͺ³ˣĥؼŮ˵ͷŭ

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720 һ
УһҲ
ҶٺһЦ¶һڽ׵ݣȻ۾һɣҪɱˣҪʲô𣿡
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κסĺԺҲǰԺӣǰԺͺԺǾͱķԼҽסģԼסԺ
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ǵĴҪȶĸһЩԺеϻѱһƬש̾͵ĵ棬ҶչһǣȻ߽Ժ
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721 ֪֪
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κȻյ鱨У֪ԼﲻǸʡ͵ĵƣµҲλϵģôû뵽ҶȻɱЩϼص
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ʹŮĲŲšɳѪ̧ͷԹ֮ɫҶ죬㲻죡
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ҶĻͻֻ֣ᷢģͱֻһģһֻҪȥԵø
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һĻšɳŵɫŻͷʦ置ʦһУֵģǹ
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šɳģĸƣ׻˵ĸƳ֪ͷųӹ֮ͨĸӹƵĶ̬ӶﵽƱĿġ
šɳֻĸƣ̩ɽﲶ׽ʮֻо綾Ķ棬Ȼʮֳֻʮ飬ÿһֻɱ
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ӹƻΪҽҶ˼һᣬһ̧ͷպÿףά糤Ŵ쿴ԼЦɵҸﰡָڵѪء
ҶӲӹƸƳģûԹԵĴӿ˵ףӾҪܵСˡ
ףάæ˺һ鲼ָֽܼѵ˿ҺʵҶ죬ǡǽͷʦµĽͷ
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Ҷ˵ͷ˵ڵֻƳ漫ԣпܾšɳıƣҪͣˡ
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Ҷ죬Ǻүûб˹Ƴ棿
ҶĻףάĲ٣Ȼ˵置Ƶ飬ǷԼϣǸоȫһġ
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׳ֺõģͨ׶ǸӲ֮ˣ
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ŴҶʱ򣬶Ȼоȴһ飬һѪ˳Ҷץ˳ȥʱָͬһƳ档
ֻƳ沢Ǳƣ뿪˼֮ԵЩ޾ɣͷЩ£鼫ί١
Ǹʲôģ̸飬ǲܽȥҶ뽫ƳȥʱͻȻһ
ӴǸҶ֣Ҷüͷ£˵ȴһĺʹ˳


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κ΢΢˵ͷֱԺȥľǷֳˣн뵽Ժо䡣
ԺٽЩ߰ˣǶʲôӰԺκ̲סѵҶ켸䡣
үӣǲǸоˬˣоѵ˲ɣ
Ҷȴǲκʣ۾ʮԶľһ³һκ
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Ҫ֪үӵʹƼ˳磬ҲǲݺӵģƻͩǰκҲٴν
Ҷһ£ʵүӣ㿴أ

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Ҷ˵ͷռ˵ԼҪʲôԷĻЩ˻ὫʧٵԼϵ
ףô°ˣ
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Ҷ콫Լܵ˿˿յڣ˵үӣ͵ɣҴòͷ֪ôء
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Ȼȥˣκ쵱ǾڵϲȫпŵϰߣλϤˡ
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ȻǴˮ¼ҶҲǻ飬ԳϲȫַĵĺøУ˳˵໥Ķ۰ɡ
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Ҷһס˳ϲȫ֪λϲȲ裬ǰеʱҶżҲᵽƷġ
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뵽2000ú̿ļ۸ȴһ·ǣϲȫԼ⣬ʣļúȫˣһ׵ϰڵʽ
ҲͳЩʽˣҪ֪ϲȫҵˣ뽫ǮϢǾͶʸʲôҵ
ȥеʱ򣬳ϲȫǰڶ˹үʱʶһǰ˹Σóϲȫһ̻
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곢˿ͷĳϲȫʱͶͷһʮļ۸ȡʮĿʸ
2000ǻᣬʮһһٶʮˡ
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ȻԷһʮҵչ۸񣬵ϲȫ֪ѹˣΪֵϡ


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Ȼչ۸ȽʵʼֵһҪ࣬ڶԷǴҵģ׻˵ٶϲȫӦؿǡ
ڶԷȥ֮󣬳ϲȫһЩϵȥǼҹ˾һ飬ȴóϲȫŭա
ΪǼҹ˾Ȼҿڹί棬͹ίûκεϵһҳͷβ˽˹˾¹ú̿ԴͶʡ
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ԷҪԹչҲͰˣֹϵѹˣȴǳϲȫζ޷ܵģŪԭί󣬵ڶ;ܾ˶Էչ
ֻǳϲȫû뵽ܾ˶Է֮鷳Ҳͽˡ
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ֻǵЩ֪ȥһͳϲȫ̫ȭЩ˸ɴŲóϲȫů
ճϲȫҶ죬ҲֻǱôãһ˿ϣģôû뵽˵꣬ҶȻİˡ
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壬ûҺ㿪ЦҰˣ˵³̳ɣ
ϲȫӣҶ첻ɰ̾˿ҵϲȫ̶ֳȵ˶˱˱ƵòͶ·ȨƵЩϰˡ
ֻЩ鲻ҶܽģһҵȨ׼ɹûʧģֻǲҪЩ鷢Լ˺ϡ
˿ϲȫƽеļ˵Ҷ죬ֻҪӦʽУڶ˹ЩϵǱ߾Բѵģ
ҪưҶ˰֣˵壬ҲеǮҪ٣ҽ㲻ˣ
ȻŦԼʱҶſޱޱҶ첢ȱǮ
Ҷ죬ⲻðɣϲȫһ£˵ҪȻɺˣʱǹͬ󣡡
ҿûǹ˵ҪǮˣ
ҶæҡԴʲôЦޱǼֵʲҶ춼Ը֣˵ֻǼֵˡ
οҶľΪֻż˰ȵĹӣвĵʱ䣬Ҹɽ־Ǳȥˡ
󡭡ҪʮҰɣ
Ҷ̬ȼϲȫһ£˵˸֧˹ʮ֮⣬ҪʮΪʽ
ʮڣҵǮǲôһ㡣Ҷͷվ˵壬ȵȣҸҸǮȥ
Ҷ죬̸飬
ûӵʱ䣬Ҷ˺Ժޱͳϲȫ˸кһؿ˶ӡ
ҶҲûӣżɽ˵裬ܸ⣬ûȤͶʽ󰡣


729 Ӷ
ҶԽԴһƵĲǺܽ˽Ͷʽ󣿡
ޱֵؿ˶ӣ֪˽˽Ľδôܻ˽ȥɽأ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵裬û˵ڹڿɽڶ˹бҾòͶҲġ
˹ж󣿡
˵ʵޱȤĲǺܴ󣬲ҶһοڵķϣҪӵӵġ
ޱʻϲȫæվ˵ŮʿһڵĻƽӦÿԿʮ꣡
ȻԺӵʱ򣬳ϲȫޱΧΧȹһͥŮģǲ˿ĵ
Ҳ˵ޱ͸ǷݸŵʣκŮݣҲ֮Ůġ
ⴢǲСޱһĽ϶ǲġ
ȿȣҡ
ϲȫЩΣǶޱֶ˼ģܽ˵赭дأȻǴҳ
Ŷԭˣǳôأ
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裬үǶǣȲТ
ҶƲƲ죬軹Ҫ߶æ˵裬Ⱥͳ̸ţ¶ɲɵ㶼עʽȥɣһ£һٹ
˵ŻҶѾǽŵĨ֮ززˣͷȥЩҵҶ컹Ҫ
Ҷ죬˳Է𣿡մլӹҶһӲˡ
ˣãöٳ֡
۴ĲˣҶ˵ãУķҪԼɻܴҲ۰
Ҷ˵ܴХĸףҲӰᵽߣҶļùദļãڶһǵġ
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ĸЦҶ죬˵ȥæɣҺҶȥˣͷǣ
ãλǲٲġ
ҶЦҡҡͷλʱ򶼻Ű壬λ̫̫Ƕĺܡ
߽Ҷһ£ϵǲ绰
ιҲ˭ϰѵ绰ҵȻˣ
ͨ󣬻ûͲʹһӢҶУԱߺŮ˵ĴϢ
ӹúܿʲôطأ
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˴ķӺ󣬻ͲǱҶ߿ҹҵĺ£Ҫ˲ˣҪģ
ȻѾҶ˹ӶϵǶҶ죬˵ľη֮кҶֱϵ۵ĵλ˶ˡ
˰ɣʲôطأҶû
أҶʲô£ҲЦ֪Ҷ绰϶µġ
е鷳£ҪӶСӰæӲӣ
Ҷ쿪żɽ˵иѱ˹˰ˣڵλӦǣֽ׳Ī˹ǰȭϰӡ
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ǧ𣬽Ӳӣ
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ӣҪϸϣôȥôһ˰
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ƺѾ뵽˹״̬ҶҴ˵˼͹Ҷ˵绰
˶׳飬ҶҲ˼֣ǸҵģȷʵЩĲ̡
裬̸û
صԺ֮ҶԳϲȫ˵һ᷹˾պˣǺȼﻹдү˳ę́أ82ģ
Сӣֵı˶ռ
ޱЦõؿŶӣʵę́ϸģɷģȴӸԼȥˡ
ҰֵĲҵҶЦʵǵ̸ûа
ϲȫ˵ͷ˵Ҷ죬̸ˣŮʿʶʮңռٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ
裬ɲٷ֮ʮʮڣһת־;׬ʮڰҶЩؿĸףȴĸײʽϲȫġ
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ҶĻ󣬳ϲȫæڼҪͶ·ˣֻҪޱӦעʽٷ֮ʮԸ⡣
УҵϵҲǿŰˣ
Ҷҡҡͷʵˣ壬ǼаֶαӵĹ˾һҰ


730 
Ҷ֪ȨĲȡ˽ˣұȱȽǣûҲûȥܣԸղһֱûѯʳϲȫǼҹ˾֡
ڼȻͳϲȫˣҶбҪ֪ˣǹ˾ǲһŵĻҶ첢ôһ¡
ǹ˾캣Ͷ޹˾˵ڹϡнһ飬Ǻģ
ϲȫ֮ǰҲ˲˾ı½˵˵⹫˾ϰƣǵλϵĶӣҲ֪ĻǼٵģ
ʲôĹ˾ҶԭڳŲҶϲȫĻŲ̲סһ¡
Ͷ⹫˾ȷƼҵʲʶƻͩ
ޱûעӵɫԹԵ˵ʵҳ˵һ¾УʱǱ߲Ϊģ
κǰĹ˾йһͶʹ˾ҪС˺ܶ࣬Ͷͬޱǹ˾ҵ񲢲Ǻ˽⡣
ҲйһЩϵϱЩƣޱȷʶƻͩҪǳĻƻͩԼӵġ
У裬㲻Ҫ֣
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Ҷôû뵽¶ȻܺƼҳϹϵκڶΨֱ֮ɲ˶ƼҶԼĹע
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أôأޱҶѻ˵꣬˵С죬Ҫ֪ҵΪ
ҲʲôҵҵġҶ컺ҡҡͷ˵裬ε飬Ҫҵģ
Ŷӵޱͷһƺˡ911֮ǰ飬̾˿˵ðɣģ
Ҷ˵ͷת˳ϲȫ˵壬ǮȻʣֻǿͷЭ飬Ҳֻ㱾֪ҶҾûв뵽ȥ
ϲȫһ£˵Ҷ죬װɣͲ³塭
壬бǮʧԣҶЦ˵壬ֻ˵ваɣҪǲУڶҲûҪ˵ˡ
Ҫ˵Ҷ컹治³ϲȫʲôè壬Ҳ˵ʲֹʮңϲȫǮߣֻҪϣҶ춼ܽҳġ
ðɣȻңҾʹӦˡ
ϲȫ˺һᣬ˵Ȼ֪ǮҶעʵģǵʱʿ˺ţӦõǷݶȥ
ЩԺ˵
Ҷ˰֣˵ڶȥ񣬰֮Ͼȥ˹ҪٴڹˣǸ󿪲֮ǰҪع
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˹ĽҪϵʱ䣬Ҷ⻰óϲȫ֮ڶڶ˹Լͥصĳϲȫԣζǲܽܵġ
ҳϲȫⱲҲû飬ֲӢȥһĨڣʹзҲϰߵġ
Ǻһߡ
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ϲȫҲѧޱҶԵɣΪƱؽıĺϲȫܲؿǣټɲǼ˵顣
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Ҿޱֻһ׮ѣƼҲ⼸ڵĻƽʵûҪҶ˵С
裬Щ֪ͱ𷢱ˡ
Ҷ̾˿ϲȫ˵壬ȥ˲ǲٻϸ󿪲ˣǿԵģȥ
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ϲȫǳ鴤һ£ܿóҶ첢ڿЦĵײһ⡣
ϲȫ˽Щ˵׼ƼҿɲܵģԷҪЩʲôֶΣǶû˰ԩ
Ҷһ£˵ҲУҪȥߵԽԽã
ãģ
ϲȫ˶ٽţ˵Ҿȥ飬һڣҴȫҶ˹ȥҵѣƼҵֻ첻ô
һ˶Գϲȫ˵ֻֻᵱԷڿЦҶı˵ϲȫ͸еЩëȻˡ
ϲȫԼ£޶أ淢Ҷޱ飬ϲȫڶġ
ã壬Хȥ⼸춼Ҫϵȵ˶˹֮ٸҴ绰
Ҷ˵ͷȥǰԺХ죬ĺԺĳֱӽϲȫ˳ȥ
С죬Ƽҵô°϶衣
ȵϲȫ뿪ޱؿŶӣ˵Σգǲܾˣﻹעأ
裬¶¹ش󡣡
һ裬ҶЦһ˵¶ֻҺү֪ͱˣҰһ
˵ⷬҶԼķȥҪú˼һ£Ƽұȳϲȫ󣬾޵˳䣬Ƿʲôϵ
ʱҶǵ˵ʱ򣬸պǳϲȫԼ½ҵȥд֮顣
ѵƼǵԸϲȫģ
ҶԺðôһͷžͱˣƼҵҪóϲȫҪôۡ


731 ֵ
ƼҺ޵絽ûйϵйϵǺͳϲȫ飬ֻ᲻ʲôأ
Ҷüģеǧ˿ƣҶʼ޷Щ鴮ΪҲһĽ͡
޵˼δˣɽǵ˵ȻΪģҶʵ벻оʲôЩʳ˼̻˳֣
ղҶԳϲȫҪֻʶڱԼͼˣΣƼҶԼע⡣
óϲȫƾӹ⣬ҲΪãޱվֳ֧ϲȫĻʹＯʽڹҲָ鷳ġ
ѵΪǽ󣿡
뵽ϲȫҶкȻðһͷˣԳ˵воǴӻƽģ˵޵֮ҲҪƽģ
˴ҶֲƼµĸоƼʮһֱϡн⣬ڹѵǾΪ˸޵ṩĲϣ
ԭ޵һֱûкϵ
ҶԽԽǸоԼƶϵûûͻ֮ʱҶڼҹʱ²Ƶءȱһɡ
뵽֮󣬶ԡ²ƵءҪ͸ˣҶڸ޷ԭھ޷ҵһԣĵط
Ҷ쵱꼫Ϊӵ޺۵ȷȣҲԵô㼦ߵ˼ˣô꣬ѾЩ飬Ҷѽ֮֮ˡ
ҶȻ֪еͼϱעݽ羿ǸʲôطԴȻ޷ȣ˵ĳ֣ƺ˽͡
лкܶؽҶ޷ͨģǵ˼ȻҪΪǧܵɽУ
޵һֱ׽ӴΪЯĻǼʮǰѾֹֽͣͨƱЩҶ˼⡣
ˣҪͼ϶˵ģԼǼĺܸɾδؾܲ鵽Լϣ
˺һҶҡҡԴʶ˳ȥʹԷЩҲܽʧٵǿӵԼͷϰɣ
С죬ʲô飬ҪǲеĻͲעˣ
ڳԷʱ˼ӣ극ޱͰҶһԣѯ
裬û£ʮڸˣ飡
Ҷҡҡͷĵʵˣ裬Ƽҵ֪٣ܲܺ˵°
˵Ƽң
ޱһ£˵үץõģҲ֪ӣһǽǰģһʡԱѾˡүӵĴǽģʮ뵽˹ҽоǰǻɣǼҽоΪԵ㵥λʼϡнͶʡֵǣ֮ǸλȻҿڹҲί棬ʵʵھƼҵ˽˲ҵˡ
£ޱҲüͷʱǼֳ˺ܴķ粨˶Ϊڼٹ˽ΪԼӵıȡʲ
һʱȨλڹһԾŶ쵼˲ûжʲô飬粨ܿؾͱѹȥֻһСȦһʱ䡣
ޱ֪֮飬Ϊҹ˾ڰʮҶʱûй⿪ɿҵʣޱڼôȡùһͭ
Ҷ죬ҪǺʲôԹ軹ܻһµģʵڲл⹫أ鲻Ҫѽ
֮ǰϲȫǼµķʽޱΪҶƼʲôìأƻͩӴֻҪʲôޣƻͩԼһӵġ
裬ҺƼһìܶûУǣ顣
ҶԿЦܸܲޱԼɱ˸ɣȻ±׷ɱԼɣһ׼ԼԺ͵ġ
ˣ裬ôܴ࣬õģ
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Ѳ⣬ЩԼһ㾫ͨռ֮ҲδؾܽݳģϾ˵ԪǱԸɵġ
ڣҶͷɻȻʣһֱŵüͷչԼ⻹˿£¹Ű
ˣ裬ͱµˣһͷǮת㣬취ٸɣ
Ҷ§ļ򣬿˿˵ҵȥˣǶϱкܶ׷
Сӣûʲôѽ
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ºҶֻصԭĹ켣ϣʱһζ
ӶСѾϣʱڸǵ·ϡ
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ϲȫһЩõʾĹԱЭ£˳ƼҸûзӦʱ򣬾ټҶ˶˹
ͬʱޱҲһĿӣʿеһ˻֮Уȵϲȫ֮󣬽Ŀɾͽˡ

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ʱգܶϽѹȥЩӴ඼˻ȥһЩϲĺԺθʡ쵼ס˽ȥһȡڡ
һãλѵĺԺǵϵլӡ
ȥȻѾʮˣΪ̫̫ڣլӻǹƼС
⼸ÿڣ쵼Ȼǰ̽οʣƼҵûܵκγҲΪԭ
ƼԺǿ֦ҶĴºŲ裬ȻȻŹӺ⣬Ƿˮ󿪵Ȳˡ
׵ˣͷںڣȥֻʮ꣬ϵ۾ܷһֿµĲɣС
Աߵģһλòʮˣһȴһ˸һЩĸо
һ˿˵磬ϢѾȥôˣ᲻ǱߵͲˣ
ڴˣһԼĶ䣬ͷ׵ˣȻƺΪ磬˾ȻҲһ֮صģ
ϵӣƻòᣬѾʮˣ쵼λнʮʱˡ
ܵܵĻƻҡҡͷȻͩܵģ㲻Ҫóȥ¶Щˣʲô鵢˰ɣ


732 Ƽ
磬˵˹ǶЩʲô˰
ƻͩ˱裬üͷ˵ӷϢڶˣǾǴ߹ʱҲ˰
ٰͩ꣬Щ࣬ҿҵģ
ƻ豭˿ڲ裬˵Ե͸ˣֻԼղסֲֵϣ˵ЩˣҲˡ
ƻͩȻʮ꣬Щϵ飬ԵñȽϣ޽ǻףǸһ㡣
磬ҵûʲôӹǳŲ˼ˡ
ƻͩҡҡͷ˵ǸгϲȫСӲ԰ȻټҰᵽ˹ȥˣ磬Ǳˣǻ᲻û
ϲȫ飬һ죬ʹƼҵĶҲһסլӵƻͩ˵ԭ
Ҫ֪ƻȻʼ⣬ȴƼʵϵĻˣش飬Ҫƻİġ
ڶʲôˣЩ»аУ
ƻ˵ܵһۣŭ䲻˵˵ֵڣȴһʮڣֶЩֶȥȱˡڳϲȫ˳ӳＯʽɵ˰ɣ˵ˣϵ⣬ֻһʱһģ
磬Ѿѵˣ¶ңɡôأ
׻˵縸ƻƻִͩ˽ʮ꣬ƻͩȻҲʮˣǱѵͷ̧
ƻ̾˿˵ˣʵʵ˵ЩǰʲôܣǧҪ˵ѻ
֪ˣ磡
ƻͩ˵ͷ̶¶˺ɫʵ磬Щ˵ǲЩƭӰɣ
ſںԣ
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ƻͩǽģûоսҵǶʱڻҲû̫ܵĳƻͩһûʲôۡ
Ҳǹɰ˴֮⣬ٶ˼ɫ
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ƻҡҡͷ˵ҲգҲСˣҰ¶˵˵ɡ길ڵռʱһαӶɽĵطûУۿžҪץסʱͻȻһ׹ǰ׷׵ʮСӣøʬ׷룡Щȥ֮󣬸ǰһˣո׵˵ǵ˾ʹģĴӵǰ˹ȥȻûһ˷ǡʱ׿ǼᶨΨߣȻȥȰ˵ǵĶ顣ǵ˸ͲΪѯ˸׵֮󣬽¾ȻֱƼʹӿзˡ
£ôû˵أ
ƻͩ¶˲˼飬׷ʵ磬ǺأǵҲûгֹ𣿡
ȻֹҪۼҲǺһ뷨µġ
ƻ¶˻ɫʮǰˣҲ֪ӽ󣬸׾־ùǽκڶһϡ
ƻ˼صʮǰʱѾʮˣھǵһίϰ࣬ڸս鲻ãûк͸׷ּңסĺԺ
Ϊ˺ܿţŮĽҲԣʹһЩƣһҹϣںԺ˵ŻʱԺͻȻһ
ɢȥһװĵʿǰʱǰƻŵòᡣ
Ҫ֪סĴ඼뼶쵼ˣ澯ɭϣȻڿŵӶɲҲܣҪľʱȴǱ׸ֹˡ
˵ĶԻУƻŵ֪˷ڸϵ׮£ˣǵ꽫״ӹӰΧȦȳˡ
˾ˣ֪ԷѰ֮ˣȻϲ쳣ǵ˿żɽ˵һλȴ뵽֮С
ҪһʱںܽȱĽʣ˵öٶʮĵҩȡҲϳľ֮ˡ
һǹҴ壬һǾˣ˼ƽΨһһΥĵ顣
ʱڶõ˲࣬ܶʶһֵصģǻҲûȥ֮Ͼ˽͵һĲֿ
ǵҲ֪ʲôֶΣ̶̵һҹ֮䣬˲ֿĽʾȻȫʧˡ
ʧĵڶ죬ϵļУһͼҩʯ
ԣֻҪѰͼһʯϵʱԻȡٵ鵤ҩ
Ǵεȥʱƻǿˣһ˰סˣȻǵ˾ǵһڿն
֮ͱõˣƾʧһ㣬ĺԺЩǣûܿ
˵֮ƻǿģҩȻŲɡ
۰ӣһҩƻԼϰǸ˰ǻƻͩո꣬ܲסûСӷá
ڷҩԵĸоڵһЩ˶õ˺תҩá
ֻԼΪ˹棬ΣһֱͽͼʯֱҲûΪǵѰҹͼе
Ȼֻǳ˰ҩ裬ϻǻ˾ʮ꣬ҪˣʱҲĽᣬܻڶ˵׼
磬Եᣬԭǳǵҩ
ĻƻͩӶ˳ǰû˵£ֻΪ籣ĺãѡ
ͩȷʵˡƻ˵ͷ
ƻ֮ͩɫδȻһ£ʵ磬Ȼ˵ûȥѰͼϵĶôͰ
ƻͩʵǼ乫˾˽Ƶ飬оЩûи׿ǲܰ쵽ġ
ƻ˵ҰŵģûԣĬˡ
뵽ʮʱƻѾĳίθְˣЩ鶼ڱģ֪ʱ鶼Ѿˡ
һʱתʱڣλΰҲиԵ㣬սѵĶΪʱһ棬ӣû׷ȥ
ˣ磬ԭʲôȵʯͷʲôɫĽͼϵĶ
ƻͩ¶˻Ȼɫֲһ黳ȵĴ磬ᾭߴԼȥѰЩ


733 ٻ
ܣкܶ󲻵飬ЩȻǳһͲǽǮ򵽵ġ
ƻ˵Щ𣬡ˣҪϧһдȥѰǼƫƫȥаԸˣͱ¨˰ɣ
ƻͩѵɫȻ̲סСֱ˵磬ҲģǴҵȷֵģѾںͶ˹Ǣ̸ˣճµĺһţҲ𣿡
ƻͩϵû˵ѣǸ󣬵ȷȷֵġ
ȥϰʱƻͩ˾һ̽ӣ˹洫Ϣ󣬾ǡ
ʱĴûб϶˹̯ͳѡڵĹע㶼Ī˹ƣǳΪһĽ䡣
ͨ˵صһЩƻͩĹ˾Զ˿̽һȡĹУ̽ӵõһСֻĴָСɫ
ƻͩԴķԸǲҲհģڹпԱԼԱЩͼ
ڵõɫ󣬿ӵĸֹͨϵǿ͵˹ڣƻıȶԣȷͼһֽ
õϢƻϲó˵µ壬еһ飬ǵԣܵõϢ
Ϊ˲ʹɫϢ©ƻٻ˶˹ĹԱ֪˹ƻңһʱᱻ˶ϵġ
ƻû뵽ǣϲȫպôʱǶʱȥ˶˹ھһͿ󣬽ǽĿȨ
ȵƻ֪Ϣ󣬽ѾæҵƻͩȥͳϲȫӴ
ֻƻͩڹô⣬һָʹԸ񣬼ƻҲû˵µҪԣ¾һȥҳϲȫ̸
ʲôϰ壬ȻʲôԱˣƻͩλҵϲȫ̬ưȻͲ˵ˣļ۸񣬱ƻھȻʮڡ
ʵҪڣϲȫʮа˾ŻὫתõģϾһ־;׬ڣԼҪǿöˡ
λϳƫڱܾ֮λܿʼҲû¡
ǵƻܵѹλܲ˼ǲ˺һϵжԳϲȫĴѹۿžҪƵͶ·ˡ
ֻ˭û뵽ϲȫӾȻ˸ңԼҵ޻Լ޷ĳȫˣҲ˫Ҳû̸ȥĿˡ
ˣ¾Ͳ˵ˣʵڲУʱһȥ˶˹øڽļ۸񣬽ǽչ
ƻ̾˿˵ܣǮٶҲ򲻻һӵЩ깫˾Ҳ˲ٲƸɣǮƽˣ
磬֪İɣҪ˵£һȥ̸ģ
ƻͩҲǰղѣЩĵ˵磬ûã֪˻᲻ǰ
һ뵽ˣ
ƻ˰֣Լղŷһݸ˵ܵܣ˵иȥˣǸϵһ־ʯΪ񣡡
Ŷ£
ƻͩһ£ֽ˹ȥһȴһеҳӡƵʮ־
㿴ҳ
ƻ˵һϷǵĺɫʯҴﲻʯӲȣǵ˽ǵĻĶƣ
־ʯǺټ
ƻͩϲݳƷδ龧ʯ˴Ĺ
ϵöʳָСľʯܸߵĹиĸǣӲͬǶȷһɺɫůɫʣȥǳƯ
ȻⶫĵļҲˣһδ֤ṹľʯͿ˰˰ҵļ۸ⶫײδ˵ġ
ϻƻͩ˵磬ⶫʮʼҪ˻ô죿
ƻվ˵ܣһ£һʯʮûϢĻ˿Ĳˡ
˴ӣƻӸǰסǼ᷿˳һСƤ䣬ҲǼʮǰ
Ƥһͨ巺ƵᣬԱһƳӣ״Ӧðʲô
磬˵ٻ˵ʯƻһĽҿǳкӤƴСǰĲ輸ϡ
ǲɫԲϺõĺ񡣡
ƻͩһһῴƻʵ磬ⶫôʹð
ⶫż򵥡
ƻʣµǿ°÷Ż󣬴ӵܵϽӹ壬˵ŻȴǸ߸̧ĳ£ص˲輸ϡ
ƻõĲ輸ĻƻҾߣӲȻ˵ֻžһ촫ʯȻѳ˺ü顣
磬⡭ͳˣףʯòһˡ
ƻͩľٶһǵ輸ɼʱϵɫЩŹ֡
ǿ壬мû覴ÿԣǰɫ󣬶ʾɫƷʡ
ֻ֮󣬼龹Ȼȫɵĺ޹Ǹոְƻͩ޷ϵһ
ɲɵҲ֪ǰ˽ġ
ƻҡҡͷ˵ܣ⼸סڼʲôҲ㣬ʮˣ黨ǲݵģ
ƻ֪ԼܵܣӣСͱĸЩ񻰡
ƻͩëû٣ŮϵЩ⾩ӰȦƯŮˣ඼еϵֻƻͩ;ƻҲȥ˵ˡ
磬ģ֪صġ
ƻͩ˵΢죬ոջĥһǲǽǸ۹ݳŮǸԼء
ԼϴСĵܵܣƻεҡҡͷҪǳŮɫҲԵ˲ˡ

һΪָĿռһĸߴɫʿ붨кȻһоһԼʶ˻
ףʦܳȥѾˣû𣿡
ʿһ£ڽܵһʶʱǰ׽һ˵ģΨһʦȴǾ˼Ҫȥɡ
ʿ⼸ڽ𵤴ĹؼʱڣҲ뱻׷ӵӰ쵽ľǾͬˡ
ȵʦܳȥʿһ¾¹ȥˣֱʶʶСʦγȥʱЩˡ
ԣôͷôĪСʦܳʲô飿
һ˶ʦһദʱ䣬֮仹һ˿ǣġ
ˣĳˣϸϸһӦϵ͵վ


734 
նһ֣Ȼͨռ֮Ϊ־磬Ȼ㼪ס
ͬϰ꣬ڶԷ֮ͷһֲԤС
ʦչؽˣ
ӱչصĶгһͬŵæӭ¶ϲɫ˵ʦʦȥѾˣһֱδط
ӦǳˣҪȥһˣ˰֣˵ҳȥʱ䣬˰ݷõĻ˵ڱչأ
һ֮ɽ´һӰͻأĴӿ˳žͱһڿֱͣһ·򣬾ֱλ÷ȥ
磬ҪҪдкǰǶƷȡ
ƻ֮ܵܽһڵİֵĺԺУƻͩ¶޵ɫ
Ϊȷõǿ龧ʯ⼸ƻͩͼʿ÷ϵһ£һ߼۽Ǿʯ˽¹򣬲ȴǱʿ÷ܾˣϼŵڹڣûô˾ܹӵġ
ҿڹϰˡ
ƻûصһ۵ܵܣǼʿʲôõſƼҵɫ𣿹ȥ᳡Ƕˡ
ã硣İɣһãƻͩ˵ͷ
ֵ˭ûз֣ΧĿƺһ£һӰڶ˳
Сѣδɻã
һͻأŵںȲ˵ֵܻһ¡ѭȥŷԺﲻ֪ʲôʱһˡ
˭㡭ôģȻѾ̫̫ڣȻǰһȴҲʲô˶ܽԺġ
ɽһգϰ꣬û뵽С޶ôˣ΢΢һЦƻ˵Сѣɻǵƶ񣿡
Ƕˣ
ƻæǰ˼ϸǵæһ϶ʱ¶˾ϲɫĶ˾һ
δδģȻ˰ƻһ붡һ߿ܵܣ˵϶ɣ
磬λƻͩûѹһŵλʿ
ˣɽҰ֮ˣ֮񣬲Ҫôˡ
Դ΢΢¡˵㸸ӦǲˣСѣ˴ٻƶҪ𣿡
ʶ쿴ˣƻĸӦѲˣֵ飬ԼʦƺҲû
ˣͼᣬֻĶ̫ϡ٣ôҲŷŶǰģ
ƻ˵֮ʱ͵ۿǰĵˣоֱ޷Ա͹ȥˣòɣƺ޷κκۼ
Ŷԭˣ
΢΢һ£ƻĸҪʣֻΪ¶ѡ
ʹ»ᣬҲûб̫ϣΪ׼Щļʵ̫Сˡ
¶Ȳ̸
˰֣۾סƻ˵Сѣʦĸ֮ǰɽǿ
齻Ƽҵö壬ʦطƵģܽյ崫ϢǸҲǿԵġ
˵ʦܣ
ƻ͵ܵܶһۣͬʱҡͷˣǵȷĸǰʹһöǸ壬ûѰ
鶢Ŷ˿һᣬ˵ˣҵĶҿɣ
֣˵æʲôأ
ǰҶƽӣʱҶкüĹ򶼼ϰˣһ糿Թ緹ϰֻиҪߣæһס
֣ûڼѽʲôҪСģҿɲӦ
ǰϰڼңޱ˵죬⼸ҶƽӰҶͳѵĶŬҪҶΪһʿ
ֻҶСũ峤Ǹʦ߽ʵֲçϢģܵҪϰָڼ
Сӣٺ˵ҳ㰡
ҶƽӵĻһæͷԺһۣһѳҶ죬˵С÷˼԰ǵ꾭ӪĲȥŪĥڵ̫Կˣⲻ͵ȥ𣿡
ҶƽǼҹ꣬Ȼǹ֣ʵϵĹӪ۶άġ
õҲȫά׻Լҵ⣬Ҷƽǹ˸ͷΣԻʣĻȥһˡ
ά˼Ʒ಻ĺԭмϹ˿ͿˣҶƽסˣļ۸񣬿Ҫһܿ÷Կ
⼸ҶƽںϵޱĹϵǰö˼ʿãǸպ׼ھǽд
ֻҶƽϵеʿ÷ҳӡƺˣ⼸ԼϵһӡˢڸǼ麺ᡣ
õʲôᣬҶƲƲ죬ʱȤ
ȥʱҶռ伮ȥ˲ĶȻҲ󣬵Ҷȴûʲôá
ʿ÷ᣬҪͳһĹӡƣ˵Сӣɲǰͷ
Ҷƽһ˵һ߽ݸҶ죬֪ӶԶӼֱäĿŴӣҶҪſں˵һ׼Ժġ
ף⡭ôʯأ
Ҷӹϰֵݹᣬַҳʱ򣬲£һ˫۾ס˻ҳϵƬ
һԼ̵ָľʯͨʻɫ˹иĸǣȻֻһƬȥȻ쳣
˿ⶫֻΪһ鱦ʯҶⶫɫȣȴǺڱչеǼԵʯΪ
֣ⶫʲôⰡͦƯģҶָƬ̧ͷϰ֡
ҶƽͷƬϿһۣ˵˵ǴĸطĻɽ緢һڻɽڸ񵽵ģһ鱦ȥиӣôʯͷȤ
ţȤ֣죿
Ҷ쵱ȻȤˣʯļֵǽǮԺģ˵Ű˰֣Ǻټһ㣬ҶҲԥ־ĵġ
֮ҲСӳˣⶫ͵ӡˢ
ҶƽһеĻᣬתͷԺȥСӣҽͷӻʰ㣡
ҶЦҡҡͷϰֻЦһ˭֪ŰӣҲ黨ǲݵġ
ɽ緢ģпǻʯ
صкҶó˲ڱչеǼʯȻĴ֮⣬༸黹һ顣
ܶǮһҪǲ˭ҵɽֵطȥȡһеʯͷҶ찵Դ⡣


735 ͬ
ҶܸٴμӭμӴ˴ˣŮʿôûأ᳡ȱŮʿһȻʧɫġ
Ҷ͸ԼС÷߽ʿþǴ᳡ʱվſк˵ѷæӭ
ΪʿܲãйгȻǲݺӵģӴղȺ壬ʹйΪеı֮أѷȻҪǰδġ
ѷֻǶҶĵ˻ӭҶƽǱˣǶҶҿģޱûǰеЩź
ѷҲ֪ĸײ̫ϲֳϣӭʱȥͣ
ѷı飬Ҷ첻ЦķʽֱӣȻԼϰ棬˶İĽ֮顣
Ŷ̫ˣҶŮʿʳ
ѷŵЦƵһҶƽ֪ޱôŮʿΪλôһƽӹ˽顣
ˣѷμģͲˣ
ϰɫöܵγˮˣҶæϰֽ뵽˻᳡֪᲻ᷢһʿܲڻ᳡˴ܵľ
Сӣʲôʱ˵ȥģ
λϺҶƽͷ¶Ҫ֮ͥ£ĻὫӽѵһ٣¹ҶڶӴӣһֲɣ
֣ǿһ
ҶƤЦ˵˴ӦʱӽȥǼƷҪ˵ֲ֪Ǽʲôط
´ٸ˵ֻӲʰ㣿
Ҷƽݺݵص˶һۣҲ֪ԼСû˿ģʮһ취ûˡ
С÷ԺʲôҪ;ˡ
ֻҶһ仰Ҷƽˣ̲ס˶ӸҶҲʱ䱻ܵܣӼ䵹Ǻܾûڹˡ
ʱٽ᳡𽥶ҶΧ϶ˡ
δĳһЩƷ֮⣬඼ǵйʧȥǰμˣкܶǴظġ
ţô£
ϰֻά˵ЦŵҶ죬Ȼо״һ⣬æͷſڿȥһ۾ȴҲղˡ
ʱſ˲˽мǸŵװĵЦڽ˵᳡
˵ˣü֮ϣҲǾþӸλ֮ˣмĵȴ¶һֳ׵ʣǶ˺Ӧĸһ
Ҷ쿴ŵͬʱüͷ΢΢һ壬Ŀ⴩ʮ׳Ļ᳡ǰŵҶһ
Ȼ޵֮ˣ
ʮʱ򣬾Ѿ뵽ڵľ磬ֻپһѹɵ׽ٺ󣬾ͿԿ뵽𵤴ˡ
ȻֻǼ򵥵Ŀԣ黹һ۾ͿҶΪû뵽ѷ˼׽磬Ȼ֮
ѵĸɵĺˣؽĩʱ֮û˵ĸɻеͳ
˼ţ̧žҶ˹ȥ˽ľȻὫġ
ˣǵλ
߹ŵʱƻ֣ûͣ½Ų˼ȻֱһȥĻţ͵˼ûС
ƻЦһֻܸȥ⼸յദԶ˽Ӷˣڵη֮ģҲվ
ն˵Ǭ¡ʮˣ˽꣬Ҳʮˡ
¶ҪǱ˵ƻһ׼ţɰֶΣͲκεĻɡ
û뵽ƶڷͬˣ֪γƺ
Ҷǰ鵥˸ҾΧĿӶ
Ȼڡ¾ԣزʣΪۻƽȵۣһӵǿ󵽽޷Լ֮еԽвôġ
ԴʱڶУֻҶʸԼƽȶԻֵܣֻԼеһ߶ѡ
СҶ죬λǰûû뵽ϻǰ
ڶ߹ʱҶѾվûʹýеıȭڣͬõҾķʽŶһ
Ҷ¶ʵɫֻû֪ʱȻ˾κˣΪ뵽֮ѾŶˡ
ΪǵĿԵʱҶֻоµ·Ǳ˰ȥһ㣬֮ͥ£ƺԿġ
ʣ˵ΪҪԶԼʱҶȻһ˿֮ģȫԷѹסˡ
⻹Ҷ캦µҪԭеηģ˵ݡ
ҶָоԷ϶ͳɽЩϸΪߵˣҶǵƬֵܣ
Ҷʱĸо͵˱˵Ķʧһ㣬ȻԷδ֪Լ͵ģЩ鲻ǣ
ڶ߹ʱҶڵԼ壬ʵ¶һЩ𾪵ɫ⣬Ѫû̫ĸı䡣
ƶ飬󵱴֪ѳأ
Щ֣ǰ˲ڵΪԼ磬ȴ޷͸ԷĵţӶҲƶϲ
һ㶡Կ϶ҶǺòģӦþڶʮӣöҲоЩ𾪡
Ҫ֪ʹǸԣʺĿռڵʱҪʹҩϴ裬ʮ֮ǰ뵽֮ģѾˡ
ʮ֮ǰ뵽֮Ҳʲģһ㶼Ǹصѵĵӡ
Ҷס⵽ŰķȻ뵽죬ǸطȻǸˡ
ĻҶ쿪˵ԭǶˣҶһʦԪʦǹӣ
ʵҶܵĴУγµˣŰԳߵ޵һЩźǳƤ죬Լ˸ͷʦү
Ԫôû֣
һ£˵ȻǹһӦþˣ޵пûһ
ˣʦŴвȱȫСǻԵɺ֮£ũеİԳǰһָ㣬Ž뵽֮ģ
ҶЦһ֮ɫ¶˿ɫ˵ǰֻΪֻһ޵ߣûǰǰ֪ǰʲô飿
˵ʦŴеʱ򣬶Ҷ춼õʶĹֻվȴ֪ǶŶԷĻ
Գǰ˵ũеֻ𣿡Ҷⷬ¶˹Ź֮ɫ


736 ̥
ũеİԳǰжݡҶԿЦһǰ˿ԳƺԳΪӣɲ㵱г
ֻúҲ̵ܽ޵ˣ
ϵɫعŹˣǰũнƷʱǺΪӣһء
ǵ˾ͽҵĺ˵ʱûдֻӣתһٶȥˣû뵽ȻҲ
Ϊ㲻֪ʦŻʲôˣɷϵһأ
Ȼ뵽ʦܵ飬۾з֪е˼ٷҺܶ඼ʦʶ´ζֵˣؾͲʶʦܵġ
鵹ûлɵҶϣΪΪ͸һ磬ʦܼϵġ
ҶᶼѾ뵽죬˵ղ˵λʦɱʦܵء
ĻҶһݣЦ˵ˣʦǰѾˣʦ֣ûн뵽֮ǰЦˡ
Ŷԭˣ㵹ǸԵ񣡡
һ£жҶǶʱȥ˴룬ֻЩģ˫۽סҶ죬ƤЦⲻЦʵ㼸֮ǰ⾩Ǽҵʦܣ
̵ģȻǵʦеˡ
Ŷ絶һϵҶ¶˾ɫ˵ʦܺʱľǣҼǰڱչͻ֮ȴûܵüλǰ
ԶΪȻܿóҶսã죬ת̣Ҫʱ䣬һƶϣҶȷԼʦ档
ˣ˵ɡ
ȻʶԻվڻ᳡ǰţΪעĿϾҪУҪֵԱţԱҪߴˡ
֣С÷ȥ
Ҷ콫һʶ뵽ҶƽУȻЦ˵붡ҲһЩ޵顣
鲢ܷԼʦ֮йأҶд󶨣⻰˵ʵ⣬˽һЩ޵е顣
ȥɣ
Ҷ̬ȹص˵ͷվڲԶֵܰ˰֣˵ҺСˡ
ǣʲôҪʱкҾУ
ƻЩؿҶһۣԴӶǼ֮󣬶˭һɫӣȴû뵽˺ɫ
صţƻСĶƻͩ˵ܣȥǸ˵
ֵܶҶ棬ڵЩ˿ǶԶӺ档
ΪʶƻȻ࣬ƻܴͩ̽ģƼҵݣָƽһصɫʡ
ֵ˱ϹϾǵȻͷһʱҶԱˣ˶ҪǵĶԻ
ֻȻܿ촽鶯ȴ˿еʦ̨󣬾ǽעתƿ
˺ֶΣһСӾ
ֻǽһЩͽܸҶϲ¶Ľɫûƿ֮
Сʲô
ɫȻҡҡͷ˵СѽǰҲΪöԵʯɣⶫñȽϴ󣬻Сܸãϵлر
Ȼ˵ĿɫҶִĻǿȥģöʯõС
Ҫ֪ʹݽڣʯҲǼѷһԴΪȼ޵֮úܴ
ȻĵѲʢʦܹȥֻ֮ʣһӣƾˣȻʲô츣ʯ
ٶǰ峯أݴĩʱ֮ĸҲʧˣֻһЩַĶҲʲôüǮ
ԼʹǶϣмƷʯʱ᲻ʹã׽ˣȻϴġ
ʯʲô
Ҷ¶㵵ı飬˵Ҽ￪˸꣬麺ȴΪʲôʯģ
ΪɲĶ飬Ǽʯ˿أҶɴװʲô֪ȻԼʯġ
㲻֪ʲôʯ
¶ֵı飬ͻƵ쾳ģûʯϴ跥ǣǲ֮ܿ
ģװͷˡ
ĻҶһ¶ɵɫ˵õһɫīּʯͷＳȡͻƵ֮Īʯͷ˵ʯ
ּ⡭ʯͷɻ𣿡
ĺüȻˣȴЩƫˮʯü
һƷˮʯ𵤴ϣֳģֻƷʯ亱Ѱ꣬ҲֻԻƷˮʯ
Ȼ֪ҶõʯǺεƷ黹Ǽ޹˼ɵĽһҶɨ
ģı
ɨʱҶ̲סƿڴͬʱҲﰵԼʯǸ˼С
ûܵԴʶҶЩãȻ˵ʯͷͻΪһĩûʣˡ
ʯͷǴӺδأ
ЩʧҶõӦһƷߵƷʯһԽʯڵĴġ
ȥȥһΣǴһ鱦ģҲ֣Ƕܴ漳ȡͨȴûʲôӦ
Ҷ˵ʱ治ɫûӿһ˿ȷʵȥͨĻб½Īе鱦˸ҳѽ
ԭСǸԵ񰡡
ؿһҶ죬Ȼ֪Ҷ˵ĻȫģҲ޿κΣܲΪɽҶѯʰɣ
ҶеһĿռǿ󣬸ݣԶܵġ
ˣ֪ǰȥʲôطٶΪû޵߶
鲻׷ˣҶȴǲϰݣǰλȻԼǵзѣҲҶΨһܽн̸޵ˣŻҪġ
ȿȣСȻҲ޵ˣǵطغϣ֮˳룬ˡϵ档
ڳһȻģɫ˵պСʦҪȻȥҪһȥҲԽϢʦŵģ
Ҷɣ˵黹𰮲֮ģݽΪӴͳ
ҶĴţȥҲˣ鱾СȻΪˡ
ģֻϺ꣡
ĻҶ㱻ը˷ΣϲԼĻٵͷȻһֲ£ֱ˼㡣


737 Ʒʯ
ǾͶлˣ
Ҷ¶ϲɫöǲɳ鶯£ͷӦò˼򵥰ɣ
޷֮Ͷѡ
˰֣Ҫ˵ʱ۾Ȼ̨ոƽһϣȻվ𣬵ǰҶһ
ƷԾʯûƷʯ
˵Ĺâз˾κˣԭΪֻöƷʯѣû뵽⾹ȻһƷʯ
Ҫ֪ʹǸռƷʯҲǼ亱ıֻһЩƾõĴвУѰӸѵһġ
ȻƷʯΪиˣʧţʯص󣬱ȻԻȡҪˮʯ
鰵ңҿԼʱɽԵҲֲˣʦжȥˣֻƷʯ
ȵĿ⣬ǹ˼˼ˡ
еĶȴûз֣ȥֺҶ΢ɲĴһʶȴǽϰֲҪ龧ʯˡ
ȻҶҲܸӦ龧ʯ̺ҪԶõЩʯöҲҪòųɡ
¶ĵˣҶ֪ԼҪ¶⾧ʯȤ˼˵ͻỳģԼ»
ڶվ̨ϵʦЩ˵λ£Ҫ򣡡
ǰƷʱ̨һֱ˵ʦԼֵĺʧܣûܽ˵עȥ
պõ۾Ȼƺʲôʦһۣԭɷʦʱһɺ⣬ȴҲҴߴٶˡ
ͷƻһ˹ȥܶǮҸֵʮ꣡
ںŵƻ۾͵ˣͷ⼸ϵһֱóɻûȴ¿ˡ
ƻѾʮˣϱֺܺãٶʮĻ϶ܻ꣬κ˼ˡ
ܣһҪʯͷϧۣƻЩȽǮԣǸҪġ
磬İɣ׼˳ԣʽ𣬾Բģ⼸ƻͩҲ֤ǵʿ֮ԴĻȻǡ

Ҷѣ龧ʯϵش󣬻ϣ㲻Ҫ󣬶鵭ƳһҶ죬ев֮⾡ԡ
Ȼƴ󣬵õƷʯȡˮʯ󣬶𵤴ĿԼ󣬵ʱҲš
Ҷ첻ʶĻ鲢Ҹ𻯳ɣ޵£ں˵
ˣԴѷ֮⡭⡭
Ҷ¶˳ɵɫһڴӦ⾫˹ϲһỳʲôġ
ţ
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˵䶡齫ʯ뵽ҶУʼվС飬δؾûгǿѹ簲ˣϾн𵤸˵ġ
ǡǾллǰˣ
ҶȻЩԸӣִѾôǿˣͷųʯиӦһ֮϶ʱ¶Цݡ
ûʶôʹˣ
ЩԼжˣҶҪǱʦųڵĻƷԾʯҲ˱ɣ
ʱ̨ϵѾʼˣæעת˹ȥʹ޵ٶ꣬ʱľҲ΢΢Щҡ
öƯıʯǸ˹ɽµĲ߳鱦ʦǴ˾ƷļΪ˰ңÿμӼΪһԪλۣ
֪ǲǱ鿴һ£ʦ˿̵״̬Щѣ΢Ʒ󣬾ʼ
ọ̈ˣ
ʦ䣬Ҷ첻ɶһۣͬʱ¶˿ЦɫʯδǶǵø
СӵҲʶ
ͳǿƷʯ󣬶ͲҶʲôè壬ʹҶʦŵˣҲռ˸֡
ҳŰң
ʦۿʼʱƻֱͩӾеĺƣ۸һʾԼ־ڱصõľġ
еʱˣһλۺĺĳֳ㹻Ȥ󣬺ܶ˻ԶõģĳЩҲΪһǱڵĹ
ڵЩˣƻͩڹͶʵĲҵ϶ǰģμӾĵĴ̫٣֪ר˶ԸһġǮˡ
λ۾ŰңûԸ۵ģ龧ʯרҼϴδֹһֱʯղؼֵģ
ƻͩıۺʦ۾˵Ҳ࣬ղԼûнܵ˵һ顣
ͬʱʦСָ޵ᵯ˼£һֱڹע̨ĳˣϵõָʾ
һλھղؼҾӣЦһǧңܣҿɲĄ̊́Ҳ֪ղ౦ʯģ
һǧңⶫϲƻͩޱֽеӾ˵ԵЩԵ
еĹУʦϲļˣ°ַ˳ȥ
ǧܣĶרҵʿȽϺã
λղؼҵǲƻͩµƻͩûκεĽҪλӡ
ҪǣΪһݵרҵУܴνеļӼ۲֣ðٷ֮ʮɣǧѾһˡ
ɵԶ࣬ԾǸ
ǰŵҶƲƲ죬۵Ǵʦһָˡ
Ҷھۣ˵ǧˣǧҲĸԸϾɲýǮֵġ
ǧ򣡡
ƻͩһξеĺƣղŴѾ˵˶ʱ뷨Ҷ࣬ٶǮҪ⾧ʯõС
ϰ˰ɣʯͷôֵǧأ
ǰ˵һûгıʯʯҲûô󰡣
ǧԸ⣬ʲôˣڶء
ƻͩ۸󣬳ڶʱЩĲؼҿʯͷǿ챦ʯ˰ļ۶ǿǧֱǷˡ
ξλҲˣ۸ѳߣһԼٺ߼۶ԷԼˣ޵ĵضҲ
Ǹؼң̨ϵʦҲû뵽ƻͩһ½۸һ׻˵þգûٷţѯۺص鳡
ϲˣ
ƻͩ¾ʯҶһĽ򶡺ϲȻ˵֪סʲôطȥ߶һ


738 
Ԫ߽ʮ꣬Ҷ̵ĶȷҪ֪ԼʲôʱӦñֳʲôӡ
ôһ켣е޵ߣȻ޵еһжޱģʱͷŶȥĻǵöԷĵġ
ҶѣҲռ뿪ǣԵԻģ
õǿԵƷʯʱȻ鲻ǻҪһҪ죬޲ôʱ̻ȥѰ˻ȡˮԵʯйҶ솪
ǰ⡭ָСһ°ɡ
Ȼ޲ǰϲҶϻ¶˰ɫϷҪݵ

һ£˵պʱ䣬ȥɽһˣлԵĻȻܽ뵽ƶʱȴǲԣ
һҶպŽȥδ⻹֮գСӵͦˣҲһ䡣
ģ֪ɽˣ
Ҷڸаһ䣬ȴ¶һϲı飬˵лǰָ㣬պСӵɣһǰ£
ţԸպԵ
߳˸ͷųʶƻͩѾں̨׵öʯվ˵ƶҪ£ȸˣ
ڶԣƷʯܴ𵤴ϣǱκαﶼҪݲ˿ʧ
Ŷ߳˻᳡Ҷڰӡ
Ҷʶ׽ƻֵͩѾȫ뿪ԭϵҶ죬û˹ͷһ㣬ûͻﵽȥ
ղźͬ˴ԼСʱʱ䣬ҶⱲӸоΪģ˵Ӧ֮ʱľһֱŵ˼㡣
˿̶ȥҶɳȴԴӽ뵽֮󣬵һָܵĸо
ԪδɵʱҶע𿭺ͺԴս޵֮Ҳرη壬ԼҲһƴ֮
Զ飬Ҷ֪ԷͲԼܿģͷųͰԸѹء
˵ҶûЯκηϣ壬Ҳöûʲô취ϾҶΪҲӳ
λϢ˼ӺҶŸоָ˹ⶡʦһԼղҪһĵطǾͻᱻ
վҶ쾶ֱȥͬʱһʶҲ˸׵Ժ֮С
Ҷ죬ʲô飿ǸʿѰ
ͣҶƽŷֶӵе㲻ԣüͷ˵ɫҲЩס
ϳ˵ҶϰеԿף򿪳˼ʻλϡ
˵Сӿ㰡ô
Ҷ쿪ųӳͣʱŵҶƽಡûӲǲ٣ҲܼӾͼٵٹɣǾ
Ҷûд𻰣Ȼ˳ӵٶȣȴǲûлؼңǽӿ˻·
֣ϴ绰Ʊһ࣬ǣȫȥסһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ͨǶҪ
Ҷ֪ǵδؾȫԼĶԷĴĻ˵ҵȥˣҶ첻ֵܲ鲻Լ
ʱʯ͸ɽסʶ̽죬ǽҶҴġ
Ҷ죬ʲô飬ϴȥۣסϰ߰Ҷƽ֪ʲô飬ö˽ţ
֣ô࣬ϴ绰Ʊֱ֪ͨȥ
Ҷһ̣׶ʻȥȻֻв²⣬Ҷ첻ҶģΪҪǶ˵Ļȫҿǡ
ҶңҶȻ˵һԾŶĻҶƽ˶ŲɵģҲûԣһͨ绰˳ȥ
ҶϵʱһȺҶҵŮ˰ţһĵţǱҶӵλֱӽгġ
ǳ˵£ȥ۴ʱ䣬õңҲ뿪ģҶûŮѯʵĻᣬҴҵĽһ֮󣬾ͼݳȥˡ
̵ģˣ
صĺԺҶͷųʶԺӰǸԼʯûб˶ų˿
˲ö룬ҶصԺ֮УóеķΪۣڳһ󷨣鷿еϢڸ
󷨣Ҷʶ̽һ־ԼҲЩ֮ᵽɤ۵ǿǷ
һ£Ҷ÷ţκȥ¹ش󣬱Ҫ֪үһ

Ĳŵҩ£ˮ̷Уˣĸ̷ֻ̫
ƼҵǸĺԺУǿƷʯ鲻ɴãӳһƿ
˳ĵõʯҲ˲٣ĵҩ֮ǰ˵ĻҪһ
ȻҲ޶˴󷽵ģǰ޵ӵףҵһЩö
Ҫ֪еƷʯǸռ䶼ǲģеջ񻹲ֹڴˣǰƻָ״СĽҲʮϡȱϡ
ֽ޵𣬿νǽоڷɽȹһЩ𣬿ʹ쳣Ʒʸһ̨ס
ʹ޵ҲǺϡȱģΪŽҲ˵ĵطпܴһ
ϢԶԣȵõƷʯҪҪΪݽڣҲûӵйһ
ҪǱײ˵뿴龧ʯƷΣһ͸˹ˣҲûм̽ҶϸҪԭ
Ȼڶν˫ϲˣǿƷʯ޵ռһϯ֮صġ
ԶһҩҲֵܼѰЩϾγջԶԶ
ллˣģ˹ǱҶѾźˣܻһȥʱһԽǽģ
еĴƿƻֶʮ꣬Ȼ׶˼ΣֻҪ٣ҵƻҲĸԸ
ƻĻ󣬶ҡҡͷ˵꣬ϵûݣȴ޷ʲôɻģ
Ǭ¡䣬ѾٶĹˣȥʲô֤ʹƻͩܰõҲȲˡ
ãݵͼȫˣ˵ط֮绰ͩˣ
ƻҲ뵽㣬Ӱóһݵͼֻ˶飬תƻͩ˵ܸʲôۣһҪ˰ǽ
Գջ󣬾ƻ߹ٵˣҲ޷ֵסȻԽǴڸλϵԽϧҲԹ֮ġ
ȥطˣĲô鷳
ƻʾõĻν׵ĻƽͲںֻҪʯӡ


739 
κҶʵүһ˵ȫǴ˵й
ҶҲʵڲȥģɹϵһٵ
ˣԾڹҷ֮޵֮ˣһʦ֮ԼйصĻҶҲ֪᲻Ǩŭϡ
Ҷû뵽ǣޱִ۵ĵڶ죬ļϸ缸Ȼˣ֪Ҷ˽ŵ飬һǼ¶·ˡ
ڼλʦֵǷ꣬Ҷимʵ޲Ҷ컹ǰڳŵļӣļҵ˵ֻת˸۵
ĵعգҶȴֶԷû߰̽Լڵڶյ磬Ҷӵκĵ绰
ڵ绰κ֪Ҷ죬Ƽ϶֪ιʣ˶˹յӦȥһ
ӵ绰Ҷʱ׹ǵӦҲƻͩһǰˣĿǰΣǽˡ
뵽˹ĽҶϵ˳ϲȫ󿪲ɵĽͣż˵Ī˹ȥʲôʱɣȴԼ֪ͨ
æЩҶ۴˸绰֪ͨǿԻؼˣҶǽЩʯһԵشԶǰ˽˷ɻ
ЩڼУֱʱըһ㣬ҶҲҿ϶Լµ󷨾һǶʶ̽顣
һֱ۵ıҶ˿˶ԵЩήҲ˯һ磬ҹɫ֮󣬲Űԭί˼λʦ֡
Ҷ죬˵Ķģ
֮ǰҶ첢ûжԹļҵ˵飬ֱ˿̣Űʱ䷢ԭԭ˵˳üʦְ춼ûع
֮ǰũеԳ飬Ѿùļҵ𾪲ˣɰҶ˵ǰþȻֳ޵ˣܲԼǡ
Ҫ֪ļҺϻ誶˰˾ʮˣνǼʶ㣬һӶû飬ΪζҶˣ
ʦ֣һƭ㲻𣿡
Ҷ֪ƾԼ˵üţһһڽĹļҰС
𣡡
ҶŲļҵĽƺǲʵһ㣬ض𣬵ϵȫʧȥá
ʮ׵ĸ߿պҶ콫ʱֻڵľ磬Ȼ½طڣܳܳʱ䡣
ټԽϷɣеԽĻңҶԼ߼ʮףŹļңѾļˡ
ǹļѾѮһˣ˿ϵı飬Ҳͼ˹࣬һֵŽµƹɽĵ档
Ҷ죬㡭㾹Ȼĳˣ
ҶŴʦֻصкϻһסҶ죬ղŵⷬΣɽǵʱֱһģһ
ϻ誵ĻҶЦ˵ʦ֣Ҳģ΢ĩУǶǸ΢ġ
Ҷӳɽг֮һֱھǣûǷҪԼ֮߼ʦ֣һ£ȴǱҪ֪ˡ
Ԫ֣Ⱳӣǰ׻˰
ϻ誺͹ļҶһۣо¶˿ɬ飬һû֮żûҶ֮ˡ
λʦ֣ҲҪԷƱǶ˼֮ƺйʲô仯ڵĻʺԼԭ򣡡
Ҷһ£ʶɢ˳ȥⶰڵΧԲǧﶼסˡ
ÿ˵ʶԼصģҶţ޵֮̽飬Ҳ޷ԼĸӦ
ͷųҶԼƣϸԷһ
Ҷ˫ϣȻֱһɫīɫۺʯҲǵԺ̶ͻɽ׵ʯ
Ҷ죬ⶫ˴ǰȥѰҵʯļЩףҶóⶫʲô
ԣʦ֣Сⶫ̺еĻҪ࣡
Ҷ˵ͷ˵һ޷죬һؼԣڵ޷תţʯ԰ǣ
ҶȻڻϡͿĽ֮ӵźܸоõڵȫͬյʺʯ̺а˾ŷơ
Ϊɵԣûпŵת䣬Ҷƶϡ
Ŷʯԭã
ϻһ£ûҶüѣ־ץסҶöˮʯ̲ס˸ս
䰡⡭ֱ䵽˹ѽ
ϻ誵ΪǱȵĺǿˣʹҶǻᣬҲûڵǹȻ쳣ܽܵסġ
ףʯȻͬҵ
˹ǹɺͬʱϻ誺ȻԼںͺӴ󣬾Ȼʮϸ΢ı仯ҪԼָƣ޷֡
ҶʦܣԪ֣Ҫһ£
ϻ誵ܱɽ޵֮˿Уʾ֮ˣʱƺʲôҲ˲࣬ϥ˵ϡ
ʦĪʺˮԵʯ
Ҷͷųһؿϻڵǹɺ֮ʱЩתڵʡ
֣ԪδɣתҶԷϻϵı仯Щ⡣
Ҷȴǲ֪ҪԶԶתǳϦܴ֮ɵġ
ڽʱʮɾŵ˶תţȻԪֻ̥Ƿ֮ġ
Ҷһֻеöʯ˹ļң˵ʦ֣ʯ̺ԻȵǷ֮
ļҵ˵ͷ˸ղϻ誵Ľѵڽӹʯʱȴǽֻϡ
ôộ
ļץסǿʯ̲סֽһΪоԼץһպ˵ľ̿һ㣬Ĵܵȸо
Ҷüͷһڹļ⴦һ£ǿʯʱַɳҶץС
ҡҡͷҶ˵ʦ֣ʺʯ

²㱻ˮʯУӴʯʱֻǸоһȵϢ֮УȴûйļôķӦ
Ҷ죬ԣһԵҿ˵ԾԾˡ
ãʦ֣ҪǿоܲסϷ£Ҷ˵ͷöʯҿ
Ҷ͹ļҴ۾ǣҿӴöʯһ㶣̶¶ϲɫϻһֱڵ
ļ¶˾ɥɫҶæ˵ʦ֣Բͬˣż⻹һˮԵʯ


740 ʧ
˴ǰɽһ͸ҶˮԵʯһƷãﵽƷʯƷʣȴǱҶиĵˡ
ʣµƷʯҶҴһصµһҲ˳˹ļҵϡ
ɣ䳹ǣ
ʯһ֣ļҾʹ˸ս˵ΪҪϻ誻ǿЩȴ޷סʯеĺ
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743 ϴϣ
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ڽЩҶָԶ˸绰ŴĪ˹ƷǵĺߣЩҶ޷õġ
µ׵Ī˹ƣʮֵϺӵʱɫѾֱߵ·С
ҶͰ˾ƵֱһͣھƵϣɽġ


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ҶĻ󣬰æͳǮĳƱݸҶ죬ڶ˹ԪҲӲͨ԰ŶһЩġ
ѳǰĵطңһ͹Ҷ콻˰һֱ˳߽Ǽҷװꡣ
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һ߽ĸĶ˹ŮӭԴ֮ʮֵ飬иŮõ
ܿóҶе˶ǲĵǶǣһԴڣֻΪһЩʿġ
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Ҷ¶˲ɫߵֻҪ˿ͳ˼ǮûʲôǲİɣGiorgio Armaniôģ
Ҷ˵ǸӢ֣ǰĴʼΡᣬŮϼλʱװĴһ棬˵ǵʮ㡣
Giorgio Armaniҽ³򣬿Щ룿
Ҷ˦һѰԪֵǹȻվɵģŮһʱЩɵ
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ģǶ˹ڰ
ҶʶɲԶɳ˸ղŵĶҶûĵĲ³аԸҿ˷룬֣


745 ϴ£
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˵еԵģҪӲĶ࣬ɳȻѾЩˣһ֮£½ϸо˲ͬ
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746 籩
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ԭĽֵϣϡˣֻһЩĽڽЩ˵ĹżһЩܴŹǹ
Ī˹ΪҵıطűǹеɫͶƷССĺڰｫһá
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⻹㣬ĳĶƯŮο͵ˣͻὫƭ뵽ķ䣬ڣʮŮοʧٵİ
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ˣȥɣѳӶûмͷĵطȻס·Сĵ㣡
·ߵı־ʾʮ๫ĵطҶͣ˳ӣһ֮˵Ȼ۰ɣһƸ㰲ŵġ
ȻĻȫǺڵˣһһҹ֮200ˣ⴫ȥǸŵĴ¼˹һ׷鵽׵ġ
Ҷүİɣ֪ô
Ϊ˵İȻЩ²⣬֪ҶΪĪ˹ƴô𶯣
һҹ֮䣬Ҷɨ˾Ÿпŵĵ̡
г֮ǰĺȭͶĳ֮⣬賡ǮׯԼԺпŵĪ˹еĲҵ
Ҷ֮Щ޹֮⣬ӴɷĺڰӣȫɥһϣҶϵˣ֮
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йغźͶ˹ڰƴ飬Ҳͳİ칫ϣһ籩١


747 
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ڸؾôһЩˣרſϢ棬ϴն׳ѺĵطҲͨЩ˵ġ
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ǣˣص¶һ˿ϲɫܺõȥϢشӷ˳ȥ

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Ҷ˰֣һŵǧȻӦ˶ҪΪұסѪ˿϶޷й˵˼άҶҲú͡
ԼİΣҶ쵹ûʲô˼ɣǺµڲ٣ԷҲҪҵõԼаȻԷΧˣҶҲû˿ĵġ
룬һа취ġ˵Ҷ˰ֹ

ҹķֹ
λڶ˹ľԱǽӵڲ֪ͨӴϵ˿ķֹɫͳǶ֪ʲô顣
û˸ȥѯͳһǵֱлҮԪ˧֮ͣЪ
Ҫ֪ͨһʹϢ
ĲߵͳĿڽϿһۣһص˵Զ˾˹󽫣Ǳɱˣñ°
ʲô˹ˣ
ôܣ˭ڶ˹ɱһλ󽫰
ͳ׷ʲô飬˹ôģ
ͳһڻ᳡һըԭƽĻ᳡ʱڿˣлҮԪ˧Ҳ¶𾪵顣
Ҫ֪ݣ24Сʱܵ˹عԱģ⻹һ֧սСӡ
Щ˵սӦһСսˣ˹ȥǵĪ˹¼ߵľ϶ɭϣȴλᱻɱأ
ڳЩǣδض˹ϵ෴еľ󲿷ֻУǴ˿̣Ƕ׷˹
ȻЩĵģ˹ʲô±ɱģΪɵ˹ȻҲǲвΪҪġ

ͳĿЩɨһȦ᳡ʱž
˶֪˹ͳ֧ߣ˹ˣͷ۵Ӧþͳˣǿɲʱüͷ
ͳҶ˹󽫵ȥбˣҪǣҪץһʲô˰ɣ
ڵļžлҮԪ˧ˣͳίεԪ˧ΣھʸϣͳҲҪ㹻ء
Ѿǩͳ˹ְʱŵѾȫϣԲӳȥ
ͳȭͷصǰʵľ칫ϣءһ죬˶üͷһܸܵõͳľġ
ôҿһƵ
ĬˣͳҲﰵ̾һ˹֮ϾӵԸҪյˡ
ŹԱǰĲһβǺӰԾǸСĻϡ
λûκεͼҲģ壬ֻǿһЩ˵Ӱֻصķֱʼ·
λ𾴵ĽǺãǼ˼
һУεߵĻǰһ̱ޣָĻϵĻ棬˵˹ʱӼĻ桭
Уֵʱ򣬳ںܶཫ¶ЩȻɫ
ΪǶ֪˼ǾǼطĹڿƼĽ죬ſǾΪغҪĲˡ
ڳĺܶ˶֪ڳϯһЩҪϵʱ˵˼Ͷڰ칫üڼء
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ǣԼרҵ˼ûΪлҮݶҰ˰˶ԱȣҲսʱɵϰߡ
лҮԪ˧ûмѼ˼ʵüǣܷҵڵأ
˼ҡҡͷ˵ûа취Ϊɱ˹ͳڵ˺ͻȻʧٵˣ
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ټйеģܳʱͣĳһطмأλõı仯Ҳֺܴƫ
ҾΪһԴҲȥһˣҲ»ݱȥаսˣֱǰѱǾͺ
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Ƶǿ԰ҵֵģ
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˹Ļ˵ע˹ȥΪȷֵĹǶ԰ƽ𵽺ܴá
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λ뾳й˵󣡡˼һ˵ƬǺȻҶ졣
Ҫ˵һһתܲǿֲġ
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ڵһλģɾҶ졣
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λĿǰѾǾʧ˵кܴɣ
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սʱڣ˫˺ܶЦԷǵ飬ս룬ֱ±ġ
ʱ˹ע飬ǲģ֮Ҳͬġ
ڴսʿļƻҲصоֻûȡʲôչǰͽˣǸоĿҲΪֹͣ
ҲڿǼ޷ɵѪȳлҮ뵽ϵԭҲֻд˵еĳˣܹ쵽ɣ
йںͬ˹ϵǲûκġ
ͳҡҡͷ˵Ԫ˧ĻҲһĵǡܡƻҲҪٴĿɰҮ򽫾𣡡
ǣͳͳ㵽һλĿĽվ
ͳй˴𸴣ͳոһͳۡĸÿ˻ҵĴš
ţҶڷΣԲɱ˹֣˼ðҶϢĶ˹
غϵϢͳЩɵۣû뵽йظ˿ݣԴ˵ļһ֮⽻ܲ
ͳǲˣֻҪץס֣һжԸģ
лҮŻغҲ¶˿Цõ飬뵽ҶһݣǵҲȻˡ
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ͳ˵ͷ˽ĵڶ˼Ϊ˴ץжܸˣȨԶвӣ
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Щǿǿɲʲôõط˹ǵһ׮ڰ¼ǿɲ벽˹ùĺ󳾡
˹ݣһͳٿĻ飬Ǿоһ㣬ЧʻǺܸߵģһСʱ󣬼˼Ѿǰǵר

ϰ壬ĸСʱҪˣ벻취Ǿֻˣ
ڿķֹٿͬʱǵǴСüؿҶ졣
ΪӶ֪ҪԣһɵԼϣ°뱲Ӿͱˡ
Уܶǡ
Ҷ˰֣ǰǵͼȻ˵ˣǺйģǸӦòᱻע⵽ɲԴأ
ϰ壬ﵽǱ߰ٶ๫Ҳ˵ҳ͸ܲôԶܵı߽ϰٹɽǸ޷ȥģ
˵ʱ۾Ȼһ˵͵а취ֻҪϰùڵһֱɻƻҲǲУ
ðɣҴ绰ԡҶͳǵ绰˵ǵ绰ᱻ˹ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ᣬֲ֪ǽƵʵźţ
Ҷ˵ͷͨκ˽˵绰ҪֱɻҳеԽķգλүӣûܹ쵽ˡ
Сӣ𣿡
ǣǣ
绰ܿͽͨˣҶĵһ仰κͼҴҵ˵㲻Ҫ˵˵£ˡһ˹ѾȷݣڷջᣬҶȥˡڶ˹ǧҪع취͹Ұ˽Ӧ㣬ֱӴȥޣСԺܸܲͣ㣬ڻܱס㣬ͷˣ˭Щ鰡
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ϰ壬ôˣʲô飿
ҶҶϵ绰ɫһƬ֪Сʵϰ壬ǱߵĹϵ֧ԮʵҲǣ˹ڶ˹Ӱʵ̫йֵĻͲ⽻׵ĺˡ
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Ī˹ƵɱҶõҲ³ף˹ľ춼ǸĦ˹תҲôͿ϶Լݡ
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ҶĻЩɵۣһζҶٵõйκǣֻܿԼˡ
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׻˵ʱҶվѪ֮뵽֮ǱܼǿļޣԼԪӦãҲи޶ȵġ
ڹֶ뿪ѵӪҶ켸ǵƿ;ˣΪѾǺѽźľˣһĴָҲرĻ
ֻҪҶָܻ״̬ţֱ𽫶ֶ˹߾ӦûкܴյģҶŶҪ
ϰ壬Ͳܵġ
ҡҡͷЦ˵ܷ䷽ԲһʮׯСûУСָ޷ٵģȵһԷֱɻǾ·һˡ
͵͵ؿһҶ죬Լ뷨ϰ壬ڽ£ֱӽǸаٷ֮ʮİӳȥģй˲о׻˲Ϊ𣿡
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Ҷ̬ȼᶨ쳣ԥһ£˵ϰ壬Ҫ㲻ԸôҡҿɾҪ뿪ˣ
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ϰ壬ܿƣǲû𣿼ʹҹֱɻǣϵļǿɲǳصģһͨƹⷢǵģ
ҶĸȻǿǷһ㣬ֻڣȴȱʵս飬ڿƣǵھڸ˹ָ򵱰ӡ
ǣϣ
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ʱҶϵѵӪʱλУ׼Ҫǹжֶûжͣˣﻹ˵ʲôǰϾ̫Զˡ
Ҷɱ¾ʼһ˿׵ĸоԼΪʲô췢һ㣬ֱ˿ἰʱڷӦ˹
Ҫ˵ҶǼص˽⣬Ǵ007Ӱпġʮǰ007ʾĿƼֶΣִʵˣӵͨǶԵʵʩأһӰƬбʵ˵ĿƼ
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Ҫ˵ľȷܷḻִ߿ƼֶθָƣȻ׶˹ܴﵽһʲôĿƼˮƽ֪ûҶġ
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ڶ˹潫ĿԼϣҶ췴һɿĸо
Ҳ˵ֻҪҶڶ˹ӵڣеעἯеԼϣʱ·ϵĹؿȻи࣬ͳ˹߾Ӧòһѵˡ
ϰ壬⡭ôаܺ˹ľ࿹⣿
Ҷ飬ͷҡ˹һ㣬˵㲻ӵѻǹΣ̹ǹΣЩֱɻЯŵĵܽصġ
֮ǰҶУֱܵϵۣԶ˹ǿʵʱԼʣϾҮλͬ־ҲǱʮּѪġ
ҵ飬Ҿ㣬ܲڶԷķиʱ򣬽˸ͳȥ
Ҷ˰֣ɣȻȻʮһҶţֻҪû˶ֶ׸ӵù˹׷ġ
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Ҷľȴζⲻ˵ģڴЩңѵҶǴ˵еĶˣʲôҥġ׷棿
ǾͺãһСʱͿԿ뿪ˣұ֤Բ˻Ҫ̲ĳӡ
ۿֻʣ¶̶̵СʱʱˣҶ˾ڻָţȻʩչ֮٣ȴǴ´ˡ
ſԣҶҡͷ˵ˣʱȣö˵ˣֻҪܰйǧĹӶͬȻЧ
Ҷ컹Щ뿪Լ󣬽ֶµؽŵΪΪʳй˵ġ


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µǣȻǺ̹ǣůǰһѩڽ
ѩˮеܼȱ÷ǳͣһЩû͵ĵ·ŢʹֱɻҲ޷ɣԴԴϿ뵽ǵĴѰҲ
ڽʡĸͨҪѾܷѵӪλΪĵ㣬Χٶ๫ﴦСŰΧȦ
Ҵɱ֣ܾܿ򣡡
ھȭѵӪʮ๫ĵطһӵʿ˹֮ѵӪΧһٹĵطΪص򣬿ķֹͶžı
ôѵõ֣ҸҴģһܽɽȥˡ
һϵȱεʿڵϣ࣬һ嶼ɪɪվɱԹ
ǷԲǧعϡ仹ɽһ꣬ǸܽеطһһѰġ
Լɪ򣬱ͣҲֵĻǶᱻӵѩػ߾ߵģ
һξε˶ݺݵصϵȱһۣ˹Ϣ֪˲Ǻ֧ܶ࣬ھֱϽִӣ֪һЩ

ξĻԼɪȻرͣһصˤһӣһˤĺݣƺ˵裬Լɪһ£ȴû
һ䣬ԼɪҪʱ۾ͫͻȻˣΪ֣Χڴн֯ŵĵƹ⣬Ȼ˸һЩսдһϤײԵ˵ϡ
еĶûκεµȺͲҽûܷǺڰ׵Ӱһ㣬ԼɪһëȻĸо·˼䣬ո˵
ءһˮԼɪϣٴ۾ʱ򣬿ξ԰׵ӣ˫Լɪǣͷ­棬ȴûпξ
ħħ
ԼɪҲ޷еĿ־壬ǹƺһӰ۶İաǹڿտԭҰԶԶ˳ȥ
ԼɪǣûдǸˣҾ۶һ̣еĳǹǹܣȻҲ޷һӵ
־һֻ֣߬סԼɪ࣬ȫϢˣ˫¶ͽץסȻϵ˵ĳǹץסһ㡣
ԼɪʱѾ˲ʹˣʶľԱȥֻһ̧ͷȻǰվһĸߴˣϣһѷĿɽˮѪˮˢ˵ϡ
ǹԭνѲĶ飬Ҳ˲Ǵʱŷ֣Լߵսѣ֪ʱѾ˵ϡ
ƺǺ±˰Χ˲ûнеĿɽԼɪĲϣ΢һԥͷȥܿ뵽˺ڰʹ֮С
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Ż
˳ڵʱϵʿ̲סŻΪǵǰֵһĳ
ǰʬ壬˵ʬ嶼ʧȥͷ­ҲûܺԵɣǹһصԴ˫ŭɣĿ
ʮ׵ڣѾȫѪȾ죬ϵˮҲ޷ѪȥŨѪζÿ˵ıǶˣһΣٺõϱоθˮڣ̲ס۴

һĿĶ˹ٴװ׳ЩŻµ˷׷վֱ壬һ
ҵҴߣǾִӵĴӳά˶࣬ȻֻϽһһǧ˵ıȴٽҲ˹ĵϵ
ȻμӹսҲִʱɱׯƽ񣬵Ǽǰĳ棬ά˶θҲһĳ鴤ˮֱðһҲʿһ˳
̫Ѫˣ˼ʧȥԴʮͷʬ۾Բͷ­Ⱦ쳣죬ѹֵ˼ֱҪһ㡣
ʮˣǱģ⻹ʮʮֵĲȶ
СʱͳƣˣھִӵжӣʮˣԱһ룬⻹ʮ˾ƾôѯʣҲ޷˵ŵ׷ʲô顣
ҵػǰѲһҪҳķֹ㱨
֣ά˵һ鴤Ǿѡľ̶̵ֱʱڣȻɱһɱʮˣڲάϺݺݵسһǡ
һֳƬ˿ķֹڿķֹһ˭û뵽˾Ȼ˴󵨣ʮľʱȻ
ÿķֹɣ뵽˹ڵĲһˣһֲ֧ӣڼ´ȥ󣬶˹߾פľϽ뵽һ״̬֮С

ΪԶսӶӳάڶȨȨִʱ򣬵ͬĲӣάһ֮Աߺüʦıʼƶ
һоָӲ񱻴ʮŽУεĶ˹ٻ㼯һɫ࣬ڿЩƬʶԼԵĵˣƺó¶ȡ
һŵͼм䣬ά˶ǵλϱע˸ļͷ˵ʲôǶ֪ǵֻΪλʵǣһˣ޷ֵסԷĹ
һͬٽεվ˵ά˶ཫѩӣܼ̫ͣڰǱ¶ڵ͵ϮҽסҪĵ·ȵ֮ٽѲ
Խս֮ȻػһЩֲĳͻʿѾ١
ʱڽеİսֻʮˣڴȣڶ˹¼ֱǺŵģЩǶ޷ܡ
ķ֪ǶԵģȨ´ֹͣѲ
λٽĻά˶Цҡͷʿȫ£в۵õǼʹٶˣҲҽжֹͣ
ֻӪΪλλҪ䱸ػ
ķҲûԼ֪˹һÿķֹŭġ
֪ǲǸıѲԵԭɱ¾ĵˣҲûг֣ѩҲͣЪ


759 ӦԷ
ǵճֵһĨʱװ˱ά˶ڵıӪ³ģǴĪ˹Ƹϵ˼
ǽ´ѩ˼ķɻʡ֮λһطҹİٹ˼ƣ
˼³ģʮ׳Ϲҵļʾǿı˫֮˲ұӡ
Щ˲ûд˹װҴòҲǶ˹ˣм˵ףΨһͬһǣ϶һŨŨѪζɢһΣյϢ
Уӭĵ
ȻָӲкܶ˵ľζҪ˼ߣΪͳǲȫȨʹά˶ȫӭ˳ûΪ˼УľΣ˿С
Уʲôˣ
˼໥˸ά˶࿴۾̲סз
Ǿսӣȫ˹УǿȽǰģά˶౾Ҳʵսḻʮ˵ʱά˶ȴĵ׵һ
ܸоõʮûκξԲʷˣÿһǶմѪЩ˵ͬҰһ㣬ά˶ţսʿЩ˵Ķ֡
ά˶ཫǾѵ֪𣿡
˼ͷһۣ˵ǺȭѵӪɳģѵӪʮλȭ֣ǵĻ˵Щ˳ȥܳΪȭģ
ԭǣʲô
ά˶һ㶣֪Щ˵ѵӪǵĵλǳ⣬ҲûЩ˴
ά˶֪ѵӪеЩȻǿ󣬵ȴŶϣķԸӵĲά˶ಢΪֱжʲôá
ά˶ཫҪԸģһˣǵʿδؾץסǸ˵ġ
˼ҡҡͷ˵ܵѵΪпģҰҲҪԶԶǵʿ롭ֻǲܺǸ࿹ɣ
˼˵ǺܼᶨڷεĹۿǶƵжǸħӰӣһĿ־УΪҶͻأֺʧķ롣
˼ǰǵķɻʱϵ˺ȭѵӪĺ̨ϰ壬һλǰĶ˹ʯʹ࣬ͳҪ
λʯʹǸˣȻڹ⣬ؾʹӦ˼󣬲ҹúȭĸˣʮȭ͵˼ָĵص㡣
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뵽ǶԵҵָڣά˶ཫ˼ܸڳʮУά˶ĻЩԭһҹ˯Ľǣʱ˾
Ҫ֪ά˶е鱨Ϣģʾͺǰ˸񲪡࣬ǲ鱨ѼͬʱҲŹڵİȫ
仰˵ж˹ĸ߹٣鱨йźŵģʹеĽҲ⣬˼ְĲź˶ԶľΣܱλ˸񲪵ͳָɵˣؿ϶ϵеĵϵˡ
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˼ߵǰ棬ñӣ˵ΪӢµĽʿĬӡ
ӹ˼ñӣ˵ǶΪҶģͳΪжˣѫ£
˼Ļ˾Ϊ֮һ񣬾Ǻͻкܴģƽеѫ¿ɲô׵õģҲرЩмǿľء
˼УӦ˽ıǻ࣬Ҫô´
Ǿʸϵķٽ˼˵ʱҲ˾û˻ڵǰҹ˸еһϴҲԸԼѫϡ
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˼ⷬ˵󣬳ڼžȻЩﲻҲǲڴ˿̳ġ
Ǿӵĵ˵Χ˳װı˶ܴпһЩ󣬿ķֹ˴涯˸λ
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˭֯飬ҲӦйǾСϻ˵Լһͻаѱǵϡ
ȳֵλѵӪλãаʮ˹ʿǵʱ䣬ֻСʱ˵Զ뱼Ϯ
˼תе̼رʣֵͼϻһͷ˵ά˶ཫ촦ʽʮףڶ棬ž˲أ˼ʹ죬ҲѴͻƳȥһֻҲǿ͹ı߾ݣһӳ˹ߣǵѲҲûκεˣ
˼У߾̫еıǺѶһѲġ
˼Ļά˶¶˿ЦǵͶȥҲֻһЩͨɵϲأҪ̿ȫǲܵġ
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Ļʹö˹ţǹɸһ㣬ɸмķ϶ˣȫԴݵġ
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˼˰֣г˵󱴼ӶҲžǿ͹߾֮ľ䣬оǣҾѸɵϵʿ˴׷
ǾЩķչ·ͨƻѾ̿ˣЩɵϲصˣҲﵽ֮࣬ڴ˿̱£˼׼ⲿֱҲͶ
зǰ˼Ȼʲôּ󶼱Ҷȷ˼ָķ
ָӲһ´ڸɵصʿҲ𲽳ţ뵽֮С


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Уڱγʮȷλһʿ⵽͵Ϯˣ
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ͬʱ˼ַһڸ·迨ĲӼӿоٶȣϵϵص㣬˵ټ֣ҪЩط˷νıˡ
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κ˵ͷ˵˵˵ţҪȥ
ŮͨķΣŲӣһϴǦӣκﲻеһΣŮܹΪԼĹִԴ˶ʮꡣ
ţȥˣ֣£ޱ˵ͷ
ˣ죬Ҫȥˣ
κͷһľ漴ҡҡͷЩ˿³ôҲûгɣ
ν㣬ȥ˰ɣԺϴ·ĸ״˹ӹޱеĲ
֣˵ǲʲôѽɲ컹˵Լú𣿡
ĸߺޱõ˺ԺҶ鷿͸׿Цܸоõ׽Ǻܸߡ
˭ܲϰûʲô£׾˵˵κҡҡͷȴַҶϵġͥ
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׵ĻޱȴǲԸˣЦŷһ䣺Ҷţǹֲţ
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κһĿЦҶСӣģǻ࣬κƺǹֲţǶѾ̧Сˡ
Ҫ֪κ֮ҶңŮһҳʲô£ΪҶ˴εΪԻᴥķֹĵߣʹҲòԷʲôŮ¡
ޱȻ֪ڹɵЩ£ΪϸԼģµĸ˻һٷʢķˣκ˵һĻ

ϰ壬ѾˣܸϵĿˣǱߵȫѾźˣ
ڿȭѵӪԶһҶͨŵ绰
ޱ֪ӾһЩ˵ڵ飬ⲿ绰ʮֵذȫʹǶ˹鱨ţҲ֪Ҷʹⲿֻ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ãֻҪ͵ڣףάᰲźõģҹתϡ
ϰ壬֪ôԼע㣬˹Ͷ˺üžıˣ
Ҷϵ绰֮¶һ˿ЦͨԼҲ˽һЩϷ飬ʵҶӳġ
֪ҶڳˣˣҲ޷ʮľӶԿοǵɽߣҲǺվϴʱɽǹͺͺģҶ֮ҵõġ
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ǲ绰ʰ˱Ҷֳһ˿Ц֮Ǿͳ鶯һ£üͷһ紦ϥ˵ϡ
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ȻҶѾ뵽֮Ͼǲȥֵӵģ⼸ɱ¾֮ҲȫԸ
һҶ첻ȫżȫĴԪҲƣϾֻǸոս뵽֮ŵۻܻ
ҪҶԶԶͨ޵֮ˣ֧Ųȥˣʹˣ˿̵ҶҲһľ뱹޲Ͼɵ˯ϸҹ
ţоȮˣ
Ҷոָһڵʱ򣬶ͻȻһ󹷷͵æվ֪Լˣ뿪ʱϢȴǱ׷ٵˡ
һչҶдƾǿʶһ֧֧ԼĶ飬ѵӪɽȥֻҪһյϢҶʮİӳ˹
ģֱ
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ҶͷǼֱˣ˼ʻԱ֮⣬һ۲Աͻ֣ڶʮ׵ĸ߿֮УҶѶ۲Ա۾
ȥ򣬵沿ϸϵԽﴫ˼˷ܵûƵɽ⣬Ҫ˺ͬʱעⰲȫҪ̫
ȻѾȷҶݣ˼ȻһԤıΪϾһ˵ǺɶĪ˹ƺڵϴǵɱ¾
ߺףߺף
ʻԱӦһͷ˵׹ĻˣнԴȣܵ죬Ǻһ
˼ĻʻԱЩΪȻУϵǸˣֱǴ׵ĸһ㣬ϸͳ˷ɻ֮󣬿սƾһֱߵ¡
ſɷСǲײȥٵһЩڿǹĻģ
ʻԱĻ׹촽һƳγεӵͦǹϣָۣաǹ֮Ҷʱ
׹潻ˣҪ
ſƷһ䣬ȴǽֱ߶ֽ˲٣Դ֦ĶˣڴʱҶδӰ쵽ߡ
ףСҪʲôһֻ𣿡
׹ǹڣ׼ҶôһӵʱͻȻ֣еǸˣȻܵһôϣؾվ
߶ȣѾֱƽˣˣؿ˵ס


761 ˷
ϵۣѵǺݱ𣿡
ҶѸֻ20ֱϵ˾Ŀɿڴ
ⲻ̶̵ļӣղŻµҶ죬Ȼ˶ʮ׸ߵĴ棬һʱ䣬׹Ҫתǹڶ׼Ҷ졣
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ķϻɵſƷûʱȥͣΪõվϵˣжһض
İɣһ֪Ҳֻӵģ
׹¶һ˿̵ЦݣʳָѾ˰ϣֻǻûü۶һδ۵֦ͻȻҶءһֱǰĲȻײˡ
ײֱĲǽ֦ȥûκεͣһشſƷŲ룬ᴩ壬ضϡ
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֦ײֱͬʱ׹Ҳ۶ǼػǹİֻſƷͻȻʹֱڿдתǳһӵ֪ɵȥˡ
ֱеĸ߶ȾͺܵͣңſƷһֱʱ׹ȥϺۿһͷײһŸߴʮ׵Ĵϡ
䣡һ޴ıըһɽڴ֣Ǽֱһй©ĻƬȼܴ˷صʿǣһȻͣס˽š

ֲЩ޵֮˾Ƕɽȥˣԭѷ֮⣬ִҲ޵ܶԸģһǴˣ
ھѵӪԽʮ๫ﴦһСɽڵҶ潹ڣϱ۴Ѫģһ߷
ǹӵڶҶвˣػǹҶԵ˿ͷĿ죬˶Ҫӵϵ
ǹӵҶĻڻǵ˵Ϊ֮¾ǽ𵤸ˣҲҪ˱ġ
ȻҶҲֻǲ²⣬ϾҲ֪뵽𵤾֮һʲô״ֻ̬ҪѪ֮Ȼǲұеġ
ִıͳ˸ƿҶ콫ļƵĵҩţþȫǶʯ䣬ԭͲɽ
ЩҶ˿תΪϢϥɽ
ʱ״̬ʮֲãĴƣųԪ۲Χˣ⼸յսǵƿ;
ڶн뵽붨Ҷ죬˾ǿҲûκεɽгԣȴɽ۶ʯ϶˽ȥ˿˿뵽ҶƤ֮С
ҶڵҲѸٵת˿˿ͬһҶǽȫɺԵ
һĻָҶϵ˿ڣҲۿɼٶ
ΪҶ̶ȣǿеÿһϸţǼʹܵ˺ָҲҪͨ˿ʮϰٱ
ʱҶ죬ȫ⣬ϲޱŭԪһֻһתû˿ļ
һ󹷷Ҷɽ𣬲˻ǹûһȥǱʯסطǿķ϶ҲǾԲܲסһ˵ġ
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ʱڲţתһȥˣѲȴûκεĳЧǸͻȻֵˣǴʧһ㣬Ҳ޷ѰӰ١
λںȭѵӪĵطפ˼ʱָӲȻѵӪ˺ܶ࣬˼˿ɲȥǵطס֮ǰƬϿľ󣬾ǼԲ·ˡ
һı첽ָ߽Ӳ˵УϻѾҵ¼еʱĻ棡
죬ų
˼Ծһָӵжûκνչʧһֱķֹĵ绰Ѿ˲˼ˡ
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ʵҶ쵹ٱ³ģģֻǻڵžͽĴˣѾ޷ϸ΢ؿ⣬ܱѾǺǿˡ
Ż濴ʮӣ˼عͷ˵˵沿ɨϴܲȫ緶ΧڱȶԣһҪ˵ݣ
ȫİף˼ƷԼ֮ǰƶϣϹӣκ˶ܿеˣԲйˣҲ¼˷
У᲻ŷ޻ǵж
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ͳ㱨ǶٲӣҪÿһضҪҷһ飬ҾͲʧ
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˶ʮӵʱ䣬˼ŽԼƶϺͷͳ㱨ٻصָӲʱ򣬷Ǿ޴ʱһİס
İСһǹǵײ԰׵ĺɫһβվǾװָӲԵúͻأ
Уղڴ绰Ҹһ¡
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Ӣˣ˼üͷʮ꣬жʮʱ䣬ںӢ鱨ŶǶ£ʮֵϤȴû֡
ά˶ཫԼ飬Ҫ˲룡
˼Ŀ⿴ά˶࣬˹ϢûдȥôñĹҲ뵽¼֮С
ά˶ҡҡͷ˵лҮԪ˧ֻ֪ӡ
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762 ݿ
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˼ôû뵽һͿά˶࣬ȻǿӲЩǣƺҲͬĹ۵㡣
ɻӢĵԱΪ˹Ұȫܲ뵽
˼Ϊ˹ģ˹ڶ˹ĵλߣһϵеĺ֮ǰȷʺ˲
λǸˣҲӢˣǶ˹ˡ
ɺ촽ӿڴóһ֤˵ҺлҮԪ˧ˣֻΪ˰ѰĪ˹ƲҰֶѣ飬Ҳʵġ
˼ز֪˹ϢֻǷ˵¿߼޻³Ǹһﾾѡ
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˼סˣͷ۴￴Ҳûһ˿˹˵ѪͳҪӽٴô˰
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˼һǱ֤ȴҲκε覴鱨ģ֤αȻһ۾ͱ
ðɣ֪ܸʲô
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ЦЦ¶һŽ׵ݣȴǲ֪ΪΣ˿ĵ̲סһɺ

ţҪ
ھȭѵӪʮ๫ǸɽҶͬһ壬Ȼ΢ض⻮ƶеĺڰȴѾ۾
ҶΪΣĸӦҪͨǿٱڸղţһΣսҪĸоӲؽ붨״̬˳
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Ҷ΢΢üͷ붨֮ǰܲһ򵥵󷨣ȻûʲôʲģڸϢˣҶû뵽ȻѰԼ
ֻҪָܻΪȻǧΣ
ҶһʶʱһȦ϶ʱ¶˾ϲɫƶȻǱΪǾ˲٣
붨֮ǰҶָֻڣû뵽̶̵һʱ䣬һΪȻָ߰˰ˣͬӰߵţƺ֮ǰҪһЩ
ףЩŹ֣
ҶϲѵʱȻӦһֹŹֵϢԶϢ̺ŵҶδģҿ϶Բ޵ӵеġ
˫Ŀ΢һӡת˲֮ʹɽʮĸ߿ϣΧԲʮ๫ﴦξҶ۵ס
ǶģЩŵ
Ҷ췢֣ھԼɽ߰˹ﴦһɫ·ĸͷٵɽƶš
ͷʿһǿҵɱд߿ϵҶԪҲɱû˼ӡ
Ҫ֪Ԫ˵ľγɵģȻÿ˵ľǿһ֮ǾͼΪˣǹŴ֮ʱɱֱҴϿշɶɡ
ɱҶҲΨ˱ᣬһԪݻص֮УڴʱɽеĿ̧ͷһۣɫȻ
߰˹ɽ·ҪͨҪСʱǿȥ˥Ŀأڶ̶̵İСʱ󣬾ɽǰ档
ڿص󣬳վʮͱ뺷׳ѵӪδȭѵӪĥҲԼ۷ʱ̡
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ΪѪضѪһڳ˵ĸӦȹҪ
ֱըֳطֱĸ˵ѪζɽϢǵĸ˵ġ
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صĻһŻͲŷǰһһǻͲϣشʮĶ
ҪȥǶڰǿ
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ǰЩˣز촽ֻΪѪѪǵԣŸѪƣΪˣֻںڰ֮С
ʵģѪǲϲ⣬Ϊƫϰҹö֮ͱˣʵѪ£Ҳܵʲô˺ġ
Ѫһ˵Ϊÿ˵Ѫ棬һ־ԱѪںϡ
ͨʹѪԱøǿӵĳãͬҹԱһֻһҹȡһѪõˡ
Խǿ׳ˣѪ̺⣬ڿؿߵЩȭǣǴҩһ㣬طһ̲סһѪʢġ
ķԸɣ
صɨϣλһٶͬѵӪӱȭ̲ס˸սоԼǱ߶һ㣬ͷûһ˿ڵĵط
Ҫ֪ܴӺȭѵӪбҵұȭƺŵˣһѱĿ˵ļһ֮ǰ˼ӿָӵʱЩ˵ͱԼĲ
мǿ׳һˣǿݵİȷ֮󣬾ҲûˣϾһȻĸ֮ѭĻǿΪ
һ£ʮ˶˳˶ʮףô̵ľͲҪ׼۶󣬴һ춯صľ죬ɽڳʱʯ裬涼·𶼲
ţôû棿
ʯ̹Ȼͨ˵ߣڿȴûʲôõģʯ֮ɫȻһ䣬ΪɽҲͬʱʧˡ
ͷȻоһһ岻˷ʮһξ룬ͬʱһĺ֮
վΧһȭͻȻ߸ߵƺת˹׺ͽźۺһԿɫĹǴ̴͸Ƥ
ͬʱһӰĴ뵽ʮȭм䣬һʱҺЩһĺȭӰ¾Ȼһжֵס
Ҳмģ۶İ˾ǹһƮʹ˵ͬ飬ӵҲ޷׼Ǹˡ
̶ʮ󣬲ҺȻֹҶڱըδƽϢ¶˳


763 
ЩδĺȭǣȻһֱħĵѵԼ۷״̬֮Ҷϵİ˹Ҳضá
κѾ뵽֮Ҷ죬ЩȭΪٶȣҶǰͺСһ㣬Ȼʮ㣬ȴҶ첻˿˺
ȺҶ쾫쳣ĿΧʮ׶Χڷ飬ӳͷдķݴʮ˵ĺκη紵ݶ޷ܵùҶʶ
ʱҶ죬Ѿ뵽һµ״̬˶ΧĻǹͲڶĲҽǺû˿Ĺϵ
ÿκвҶĶʱǰ͸ӦΪֲгҶ˺һ״̬
̶̵ʮɽǰ⴦յϣһ˵ĴڣʮǿĺȭҶݿɱ¾һա
ҶΪʹѪԿ֮⣬ҪЩѾǲܵˣһٸѧ·Сӣѵвһ彡׳ĳ
㣿ɣҶ䶯һ£һȭǰĿȥһӿǿݵ¶˳
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ǰѪԱӵܺͲ֮ͨԳΪһȨһ˵Ŀ־塣
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ʮ־Զʵ͢ͺڰ֮һܵǺڰǾֻܲںڰ֮С
ΪӦӵľƣʱļѪ岻òнˣ߸ɵɣҲϴɡ
֮ܵʱϸĽɴͳҪеĺѪԶС
ɴͳּǹ涨ѪУԲñ¶ݣ⵼ѪΣǡ
¿ǵμǴκڰ֮һȻǿһֱΪֻ֪ĻӴҵ۹
͵¿һˣʵһЩǸױǺīĶɣкܶǵģŷڰĴҲڶ˹ĵؽϡ
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ˣ֮վҶ죬ҲһּΣյĸоȥ˱Щ֮˵ѪҺҪ֪ЩδʧȥѪԣɶǴ֮ﰡ
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Ҷ콲һڴʽӢȴҲûóȻǰͷйܲõϣһȥ硣
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˰ɣ浱꺢ӣҶɫһ䣬˵ʲôˣɣ
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ЩԪɵɷͻҪ󷨵Ҷķӳ£ȴǱν棬һԵ
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ҶĿһ䣬зͻ䣬ЩɷȻһγһ޴ͷǺڶһŴ죬ӭҧȥ
ӰĹǺҶţ㵱ڳɽʦܣԼҲһƴ֮ˡ
Ƕˣ
Ҷ첼Ķʱزһ£̶¶һ˵һֻϲִηɫ
ڵ˹йʱڰˣҲ켣Щ֮УֻǵĶ֮ãȴǵĹô˳
ʱһٶڰǰйֻŻˣֻʣʮˣʮ˻ĵһ飬ǸеӵܣҪȥǸȡ
ʱĿֻһӾûʸڵ˵¿ǵ¿صӢ֮ȴͻ˺żΪ˵¿ΨһĹ
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764 Ե
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ûнӴй޵ˣûŹЩ˵ֶΣԵ޺һضʱ˹ǰӣмĿԾԶ޵֮ˡ
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һĻҶ۾ɵɴˣʹ˵ȴǵһδ˻ɷġ
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ɺ촽ſֳһ˿ɫ
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Ҫ֪Ѫ֮еȼƶʮֵɭϣܹΪоӾȼȼ棬д˵еĵȻǽһ˵Ϊڵ֮δֹˡ
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ˣҪˣһûжūͣͳΪһɣ
Ȼ֪ʲôɮ˼ҶУȫֲε̰޲ҶѪҺʹԼȼ
ūͣƾҲ䣿
ҶȻЧЩȻҲʮֵĹŹ֣Ҷ⼸꾭˲ٴˣŻָ˹򲻹ߣԲηǰˡ
ܳΪҵūͣң
صĻг԰˵ܳΪѪˣȷһ飬ΪǴǿ޾䣬кܶ˶ŷѪרŵ֯
С󣡡
ҶЦһҲûзϻǰȥֳצ״һѾķλȥ
ѪĵӰģҶȻǺЩе飬㻹Ǻ˽ģһкڻҪץʵˣͳġ
ȻҶйƣص¶һ˿ţ˫һ⣬͵ǰϾ˵ĿУ˶ǿ쳣ģϹȻ˵Ŵ󻰣ʵһֱСҶ졣
ۡһǻƤϵ죬ҶֺݺݵغͿؿݵֱײһ𣬡һ˫۵価Ҷ˺
ֻҶʯһצȴǱصǰŮһֱϣץۣڶ̶̵һ˲䣬ʧˡ
ǿ
Լһצص֮ҶҲɰľڵΪǰһҲܸץɷĩ˾ȻӲûܵκε˺
ҶȻоȣȴû˿Ͱһδһಽڿ˫ֻǰʱҽϢͻȻ̧һȾͳ˶Է̫Ѩϡ
ҪۼļɣйκιҶ޷֮ȵģҶһۺ˺ȭеȷ̧֮ʼ˿֮ȴܽһͷţ
صȻܴ󣬵ɴ֮£Ǳߵø߸߷
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վ󣬿˫ְסԴӲؽŤ˹ӴһǡҶһë
ˣҳϡǿ󣬲Ѫǲ֮ҵģ
ֿɺЦǿѩ׵Ե쳣ۣҶĹȻǿ󣬵ǶѪ˵ϵ˺ʵڲʲô
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ҰԴժ
ҶҲǷ˺ݣҽڵһ٣ʱ򣬶ͻȻһŲʶһɨζʱͣͬʱһǧУװֱҲ˾޴ĺ
ģǿҡ
ɽƵ׷װֱΧˣǰĿأҶδĶ֣ҶԴҲֻ֪·һ
֮սհɣ
Ҷһ仰αˣҪ˵ǴеʱͷƤȻһ飬׵һһǰδеΣͷ
̧һԭԼһǧ׵ֱѾƽǰһĨֱ֣Ҷ룬䣬͸Ҷ嶼зȥ
䣡
һ޴ıըҶը죬һӣ޴˽ҶƸ˼ʮס
ǹɱըĳҶһƣ㽫ĻŶɢˡ
ſмԼƽʮֱҶĵһ󷢺æ߶ţų֮ʣĴɽȥ


765 Χ׷½
УѵӪʮѾȫز֪գ
ҶȥСʱսѾ˳ЩԭʬڱըҲδ⣬֫ϱ۷ɽõǣ漫Ѫȡ
ɳֱӶɽӪΪλСͱ߾֮İΧȦͬʱ߾ĲҲҪЭͬѲ
˼һᣬ´ڲı㱨֮ǰѾɼĻ档
ʣϼ˼еȨıеĹڵһʱھͲ׽Σ֮ǰҪࡣ
ɳһսʦǿͶܵ·ϣһҪг
ȻԿ˵òѾԴжϳһˣķֹԴ˼Ϊţı˼Ҳ˺ܴѹ
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Ҫ֪ڵڶսУĿսӶս𵽹ؼԵá
Զս֮󣬸ʼչս˹һսʦԵһսʦսΪǿԳ֮Ϊɡˡ
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´֮󣬼˼ڵͼǰ棬ڿǶβǺƵ֮ѾʶˣԪ˧ǸӢˣһͨˡ
겻ɢ˶۸ôŰ
ʡ͹֮ǴɽҶηɿľдţͷʱʱػᴫֱ
УܹܲɻҸطϢ°ɣ
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ģĲҰѽ
Ҷ׼ҸطһµʱͻȻ֣ܴͷɹĺڵн
Ҷôû뵽ԷȻ˿սԸԼһ˿ѹΪ;ƣûа취ʱʱȥԼΡ
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ҶȻоͷƤһ飬̧ͷȥھԼͷһɡĿƺͶ䵽Լϡ
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Ҷεı¶ЩֱɢӵˮһҶɨȥЩҶӰٵɡҲڿоͿ۶˰
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飡飡ƵҶϿճγȵİɫâ֮ǿҶ۾Щ㱡
ԭΪЩɽ֣ʱ磬ǼǽҶα¶š
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ҶڵķλһСɽ𣬼䲻ڲҲɡֵҪԭ
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ϵֱȻ׷Ҷ죬Ǵ˿̷еٶȣҲѾ׷ҶˣһðŻӵҶ
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ʽȻΣҶ׵ϣûֳһ˿ŵɫ֪£侲ֻԼø졣
죬⻹ܵñԱҪѸ٣
ȫµҶ죬һӰһ㣬ֱϵ˶Ѿֱ۾ḻĹ۲ԱҲ޷׽Ҷ塣
ֻʱ䣬Ҷξʹܳ߰˰ףһոմϽڲŽɡɡֱֱرҶײǰ
ءһ죬ǸɡûκεķӦͱײø߸߷ڰеʱ򣬳ɿĸƬͲѪ˳
һ˵ϸѵɡǿԿԼصģͨһСӼ彵䣬ⱻơ
ʱɡΧʮ׵ĵطʮսѣЩ˵ķӦǳѸ٣ͬͬʱѾǹڶ׼Ҷ졣
ֻڽǰĳõɡϺҶ嶸ȻһԭػһӰΧЩɡתһȦһˡ
ҪͬҲ
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ʱĻݲҶ룬ڸɵɡСֶӵʱʮֱҲΡ
ʱҶеʮҪλһ飬Ǳֱϵǹָˡ
һץһϵһѳǹץУҶж˵Уһһ࣬ǰͨþִƵĳǹȻһš
̧ͷžԼһֱҶ¶һ˿Цץ͵һӣֶ
䣡
ɳ㼸͵رһŻ⣬Ǽֱ䱻УûκηӦձը
ӳһҶ춯δͣ鱻˳ȥһСбӵֱͬʱ׹ڵء
ƿʹúը
ͻһĻúֱʻԱæŶԽ֧Ԯ
ֻǸҲ룬սѾͶʹúըĻҶûըһսʦˣûܴ
ţѪõǺܽ
ֱ˺ҶѹֻͻΧʱͻȻվסˡ


766 ͻΧ
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ΪԶˣ
Ҷһ䣬ʮδӹ
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ԿҲʱı⣬뽫Ҷ췢չΪѪһԱ֮ҲЩĸɽ
ƾ𣿡
Ҷ˿̿ûͿطϻ˫һ˲ص࣬ҽϢߵ˿ص̫Ѩϡ
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Сӣ㼤ŭˣ
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ҹɫʿǵԶգҶˮ˼䣬ϵոЩʿ
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ͨеɽ·Ҷȴû˿Ӱ죬Сʱγʮһɽ֮С
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Ȼû׷
ڶ峿һĨʱҶ׼ʱת˹ʶųʮ๫ﴦһʿĴڡ
طеϤ
𿪶סڵʯҶ˳Ҵһ£в¶һɫ


767 ˮ
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ִıóһŵͼҶſʶΧ۲һɻȻ֮ԸеϤȴڵͼϼصĵλá
Ҷɽ棬ͬһڣɽ겢һγһΣڵͼϷĵǽȡ
ϲȫҪɵĽ󣬻ʮ๫ԶѾΪ͹ˣִɽԲҪӴĿʽ
鲻֪ڲ
Ҷ̧ͷԶһȥΪոս뵽֮ȻʶǰǿٱҲ޷̽õʮ๫Ρ
ԼЭնɱǸˣԶڶ飬ҶʼձžԶ̬֮ȣǴܱ˿أҶҲǺ治ѡ
ƫƧǶҪ˶ģӲ׷ɱ
ڵһԶʱҶܸоõԷеĵ⣬ֻǻڴ֮ͥ£Էûʲôٶ
߻ʵԶ˵Ҷһˣǧ˰ӽȥˮƯ򲻳һʬǸ˶ᱻ˷֡
һһҪԭǾǻʲôĻΪ˲ʹϢ⴫ҲὫԼµġ
ҶʵЩᣬ֪ǽеʲô¶Ļ죬һʱ䲻ɳ
ˣЩѲʿôһˣ
ҶкȻ˸⣬ǶԸ˶飬ⲻ˹ҲУЩ޴ĵҲҪ˱ɣ
Ҷ첢ָܸɵ飬ֻҪܰƳԼܹܷһģ˵ԭһݡ
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УΪʲôɽĶȫˣѵӪʱָӲά˶һؿż˼
Ӽ˼֮´ά˶˸оЩ˼յ˵˵ټɼ˼ȴ´ȫѲ鳷
ʮӺҵкʹڵǣֻҪǸ¶ͷһԽ׼ȷλġ
˼̾˿˵ҾʹԶ̹дǵʿѾˣ
ҹڴеսһСʱң֧ɡʦȻٶˣ׼ȷ˵ٶˣΪûһ˶ġ
ӪıƣʹڵսҵĪ˹ƱսУȫǼ亱ģ۴ںƽʱִˡ
Դս㱨ȥ֮󣬼˼ͳ˾޴ѹͳ͹ĳ𣬲òɡջأħĵˣ֪ʲô
ӵֻǼ˼ѹһ֣˴ʮλȭҲü˼ͷö
Ҫ֪ÿһλɹȭ֣䱳Ӵ壬виĳڵУͬʱҲвٶ˹ľͷ
λչһ֧Ӣӵʯʹ࣬ǺȭѵӪĻϰ壬ɹʮλȭȫҲӲ˼ԼĲ
ѹòü˼ıսԣڵһʱջɡӣԱ
Ⲣ˼Ҷ׷ˣͳ㱨˶˹ûȫƳɹġۡǼϵͳ
Ҽ˼ɳټⷽԲڵÿһӳЩִƼļء
֪ͳΪʲôǲԸ˲ӣ
ڰά˶Ƚ򷢳ȥ󣬼˼ڵͼǰ˼Ϊλ鱨Աͳϵ£˼֪Զȳ˶öࡣ
˼֪ڶ˹һ֧صĲӣֻ֧ص˼ҲŹһ֣ȫ֪ӵıƺս
Уֵ˵ټˣ
Уڳ˼ʱսıȻڷʱ̨Уһ˵Ӱӡ
˼˲ö룬ԱѸݵشץԽͺڱüлŵ
ЩԷҲѧˣ
Ҷгʮ๫󣬾ֳΣͬʱ֣һܼܵСͷɻϣûмʻԱĴڣһЩ˼ʻɻ
ԾԷûɳ˰
ҶһʺԷĸ׵ƺ󣬼ͻȻðһɺ⣬ƺ˴ʮ⴫ڵĺХ
үģȻģ
ҶҲ˲еˣҽ͵ڵһ٣ţƤɵЬɸѿڵǰȥڿлһӰ
Ҷȫչκ󣬲еļǣҲ޷׽ҶӰˡ
ҶͬʱХڵղλã޴ıըľۣ
ķֶӣըֹ֮ͣ⴦ҲûһĵطԲĵ棬ڵһ㣬һ顣
ܸ˰ɣ
ǼϿһĻ˼ظؿαϣղŴڵ޲𹥻ͬһʱ串ķΧ
˼ţһֻҲڶ̶̵ʮӳΧģΪȫѧ
Щƣİ˰֣˼˵ɳӣѲʹֻʣһмҲҪ
˼ո´վһı˵ϡУû
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Ļϣʮ֡ơ³Ҷ죬ʳָձȻţȻΣ˼ţһʺԼŮǡ
ʵҶ쵹װɿصģֻϼһ̫СʹĻҶҪĺܴţԾֻ³ڹˡ
˼ûסǿѪ󣬴淽λ߻һҪҸɵ
˼ôţȻ˵ٶܿùڵûģΪ˹ӵǿĿվ
̵ģҪ
ڼ˼´ͬʱҶ̲ס˸սΣٵڵλñȥףԼֻҪˮͿˡ
ʮ๫Ҷʮܼ߻ԣת˲ŵľ룬ֻǴںҶӰȴȫʧˡ
ɣȨûҰɣ
һʯͷһӲĶ״ҶĺѾȫֹͣˣܻ󷨣ԶϢá
Ҷڶη壬ҪԶЩΧʿͷɻʮ๫ﷶΧʱһʱоϢϾٶ
Ҷ֪ѾԼֻϵķɻԴ϶ԼĹע


768 
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Ǹоĵѧ˴һ۾ܿɽ棬϶пأҴǳĴ󣬿ԳƵǸ
ʵҲˣǳϲȫµɽͬλãпµףһЩװ
ֻȻḻй·ĵطֱ߾Ѿһٹ˽ɵ豸ǽʯ˳ȥѶȶǳô
ʡȻѿ˽λ뺬һֱûпֵعϡڣ
ڵһСɽжΣһըҩըĶڣɽһЩɢĿʯ⣬ѻŴĶɫӦøտɳá
Ҷͻ֣ᷢɽڣɢһɷĽ֮ʹվڶʮ׵ĵطܸоǹϢƺܸ˵Ƥ
ȻҲΨҶ޵֮ˣܸӦõվǲκεķӦģֻǵ֮ȴϢƻĻܡ
Ҫ֪Ȼʹ٣Ҳи޶ȵģٽ֮󣬹ͻɴҩһ㡣
ԪУΣģǻ𡢽ˣˮᣬôʹǿ޼᲻ݡ
кһ㣬˽Ӵʱ򲻻оʲôһʱ䣬ַͻḯʴܣһ
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һѳͷɽʮ״ӺĶ飬ͻȻͣ˶Щɵɽ⿴һۡ
Ҷǵʱ䣬Ҫһڣ⴦Ҳس龪ϲѡ
һʱ򣬶͵õһָͷС
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뵽ڣѾʱˣ𵤴һ֮ңֻش䣬Ȼһ˿ϣȴȥԡ
Ʒʯӽֳ㣬ڶԣֱǾһ㡣
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ڵֻеˣڽֻСɣһﱻ˵֪Ψйһ;ߵġ
ȥ˵ҪΪ൱ͬˣҾʹѾɳʯ뿪ЩСߡ
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׻˵ΪΪʳֻҪ˵Ϊ鶼ֻҪ𵤴ȻҲЩʦŵıˡ
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ףôûˣ
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΢΢üͷ˵ƶ󶡺飬λѼȻˣͳһɣ
ȻǺȴǴһ㣬һֱ˶ʮ֮⣬صµҶҲ
üһ⼸仰˵û˿̻ȴܴôԶΪȻͬСɣ
ĻҶͷƤ̲סһ飬תٶȶʱ֣˶ںһٲֱ˴ˡ
ţȻˣ
֮ɽȻصŶԼкûеõӦüͷɽ
֪𵤸ײ磬ԲηˣԷҪٵĻʹԼһЩҲöԷûʲô취ġ
ʹöʮΪѣΪܲʱʱͷųʶѰˣһݳȥĻԼҲ޷ص⴦ˡ
Ҫ֪ȻѾȡڵʯѹεòϸطвʯµ⴦ٻҪһʱͨ
ֻ޵֮˲ϢǧҸ֮䣬ҲлͨϢֶΣܴϢ˵Ļ˿ɾˮһˡ
ˣ㲻
Ȼоڶʮ๫֮ĵطһĲжʱһϲһ˦ͻأԭʧˡ
ȻǸˣ
ӰٳֵʱѾڶʮ๫һɽǸݵˣһЦԷǵĸо
ԭǵѪ
ϸ̽˶Էϵ󣬶¶ȻɫһٶǰȺ֪֮ߡ
ʲôأ
վڿص󣬶ʵܿó˵ľԶԸزһ飬˾Ȼ޲
ö鳹׷ֻҪͬˣη壬׹һνѪ幫ء
˭˭óĺôǣ󲿷ֵԣоͰ˺
ֻէȻĻȴͷ󾪣Ǳסβ͵èһͷҲûصǰȥ


769 
ܣССһֻܳҵģ
¶һ˿ЦӦؼһ˿ʱ򣬾ʹ⣬ֻҪΪԼ͵ˣҪնɱ
Ҫ֪һʯͳǧˣΪ˶ݽڵĴɶҵ۹Щаˡ
ڶĻؾûһ㣬ʱֻ֣
ΪѪ岮ضѪζϤޱȣϵֻҪѪͨѪõӦ
Ҳǿһֱ׷Ҷ˴Ҫԭ򣬿Ƕĳ֣ŵûɢ˾һ㣬û˿׾ͳˣһǿҵΣС
ǿݵ壬ڴ˿̱ǿзһֽУ˫Ǳһ˫ȶڵһڵһ
ֻǿص廹ûףȻоһۣȻǱһ㣬˶̱
ǰ㻹ܣ
ЦվԭأЩûж֣ȴǽס˿صĲӣһֻСǰ֮

صĺ﷢ڣһǵͨ죬ֻǲӱסĵĻ˵ǿ־ɫ
Ҫ֪ȾصѪеҲ𽥼ţҲӴѪ˽Ѷȣܶ͵ȼоﲻ
ΪѪ岮ĿأںڰѾǸˣսڵ¿Ҳָġ
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شʱ˵ӣһ·׷Ҷȴû뵽ﻹŸϼһؾǸղ˵ʦųˡ
֪ݵЩߣѪѪвͬʦű֣һͬǾǿΪ
ǰΪȻԶԶҶ죬Ϊܸоõ˵ĿʱʱػᶢԼĺϣĺ󼹱µ亹
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룬һָ˵ڶԼǰҼǵѪĴƺӦôС
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㻹ѡ𣿡ɫһ䣬۾һ㿴˿صĺ˴˵˵ھ
ͷһ䣬ܿóǰ˶Įӣæ˵ã˵˵ⱻƻҸǵġ
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˵峤ɣĻ󣬿ھ˵˳ֻǻճڣʶ˲ԡ
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Цжʱɱ¶ǸѪڣɵ֣ĺˣȴ˿ġ
ɫ¶һ˿Цץȥƾ͸ָУһ⣬Ǳʩչ˶һ㣬ָ޷˿
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ܵ˶ŨҵɱʧȻ˵ӣҲû˺ǶǶ˹ɵ飬޹ذ
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˵˵ˣˣ
ԴŭѪѲǲԼϵԳһɣǻ˲޳ţ˸Ͳô˵ġ
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һ£˵ǿԽܣ֮ǵȷıòֻС
ಣಡ
׷ʵʱ򣬶ͻȻʶһ£͵̧ͷԶա
ڶ̧ͷͬʱŵҲ֮Уİߣֱڵλ÷
Ȼз
¶һ˿Цȴ˿壬һץ˹һһȻ˳ȥ
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䣡䣡еٶȺε֮죬ת˲֮䣬صصغ͵ײһ
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ڵϵĶ飬Ҳ⾪춯صıըһǵõԼ˻صݽʱϺûʲôвԼİȫ


770 սԵ
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ֻ򲻻֣ô㣬ҸӦûи޵֮ڻ˵ѽϢ뵽ݽ֮С
ڳ˵һ֮⣬ĶѾɵ߰˰ˣڿ󣬾ʹȥҲϧˣԶ⡣
һתȥʮɽ·һ㣬ÿһſξͳǧ֮⡣
վ뿪̫ˣȻ֪ɻըǲ֪ȥʱֻ۾ڽ
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Ҫ֪˹ľȻûǰǰǿҲİߵôȫ̳ǰӵĶ˹ȻС
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㵽ĻʾöһסˣöôͶô׼жϣȻķ롣
Ҳ˵ܽһ׳ϰԶöյصȻӲЩζ벻
ǲҲֻ֪֪һҪɵ
ƵϲǺĻ棬˼ҲɫһƬ԰ףԶ϶Ī˹Ƶɱ¾˹ǴΪ
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˼վŸٶܹ۲˵٣ҪȷǷɽ
Ҵָ߳Ӳ˼һ䣬ͨͳרߵ绰Ļ㱨˹ȥ
ͳҾãҲԶ˹ʵһλᣬȫԽΪһϰʹKh-555Ѳ
˼˵Kh-555ѲǶ˹ʮڿʼƵģŵһɹսԼĳ֣ʵԴ˵Ĵ̼
Ȩġ⽻־¡ĿǰѾ߱һԴݻٶ˹Զ̺ǿҴ̼˶˹ˡ
Դˡһδݻۡ˹ý׷ʹKh-555Ͷˡʮ֮һ̶ϱšȷݻ١ĺƽ⡣
ȶԣKh-555ܶȫԽսѲΨһвǣĿǰЯKh-555ķɻָ
ڰۣKh-555ҲûγɴģΪֹ˹Kh-555ʮö
Ͳֻͳĺ˼ż˵ͳҪĻ˹ǸϣڱĹҿڿǵЦأ
˼µò˿ȻֵŦԼҹǰϮİ׹ȴǵƻͨλŸ߼εĽһؿŴǴĻ档
˼һ´ˣЩԾ˵Ľǣȴֻ쳣ľɥ
ƵһϽε˿һнʵܿѷǵĳ˼ƻҪòɣ
нҡҡͷ˵˹51ĽչʮֻٻҪ20ʱ䣡
20ꣿÿ겦ôǮѵװһ˷ֶ𣿡
˹Դ˺ǲƵϵĻ棬оһ˿ȸУйⷽоѾ
˹սװѾƳˣһ׼ǧ๫أǵĳսʿ޷ɣ
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51ʮֶͨοǱ롰족һԺƥĳսʿǺȻǲûгɹ
ܿѷĻ㱨󣬿˹Ĭ֮󣬿˵Ǹ˱Ͷȥ롭Ӧúй˸ùϵˣ
ȻִУ˵Ѿ𲻵ˣֱ͸͸ԼϮɱֶεҪԣȴ͹ԡ
ƵλӵгˣΪйȫԶʳѰġ
Ҫ֪˵Ȼܴݻһңôһˣȴǿͨɱķʽһҵתں塣
ԲͨǹҾǿһƵˣԼͬضйһ˿η壬ǸصĶȣжǲ֪ܣ
תصǣӷļ˼ɫ˷ܵɫѾõͳȨʹKh-555ˡ
ά˶ཫǸûдɣ
صָӲȻѹֻ֣ҪˣԼ޷ʱܻΪİе־ġ
ά˶ҡҡͷ˵ûУȥ֮ûٳУʲôð취𣿡
ͳʹKh-555
˼˵ͷߵһɫ绰ԣ˵˵绰Ǳһ֣Ȼ˵ͳӵʱꡭһöKh-555
ż˼´ǵһȥ۵Ļɽɽţһ޴ʯػ¶һĶڡ
һ˫Ӷ˳ϣһڷϵǻһĵ˸˵ĺ⡣


771 ŭ
Kh-555Ƚĸϲ壬ʹ״Ϳϵµμ״ﷴֻ0.01ƽס
ǰи䣬ʹﵽ7.45ף514ף2.2֡
ΪҲʹö˹װֵķɻָ඼ֻǱͧߵս
Kh-555ͨЯһ20ֵȺ˵ͷѲʱ߶Ϊ40110ףΪ5500
Ȼڱʹֵ˵ͷȻȥ˵ģ֮һָ߱ȻԶ˵7׶೤ĵͶȥƽһɽǾûġ
ꡭ򡭡ʱʼһٰʮһʮšʮšˡߡ
ڼ˼´󣬵صĹԱѸٵæµֿ뵽ڵĵ֮Уһϵͳʼ˵ʱ
Kh-555õǵƥ䵼ϵͳܹGLONASSǵϵͳĶλݣڹĿĩʹһѧѰͷ
ֵľȷȸߴ50ףֻҪУͿԴݻΧڵһҲ˵޴ĺ˵𲨣ܽһСͳΪƽء
塢ġһ䣡
ŵʱɣβðһȵĻ⣬Ȼӷϵ˳ȥԤĹٷš
ΪѲKh-555̿ɴ5500صĿֻٹת˲֮䣬ӵϷ
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Ƕʮ׵µĶ飬Ȼоһָ꣬оʮֵİУƺԼû뵽֮ʱ򣬲ųָֹо
Ϊ˶־磬ĸӦǶԼİΣһּĶܸоͶĿ⡣
ֻǶϾѽ̫ˣͲ֪֮£еѾսչ˼¡
Ĳ˵Ͷ˹ӵеĺԽݻˣ֪ĻǾԲ˴ġ
Զ˵ʶöо˲ףͷƺһֻ߬סˣЩ˳
ԣĪǶԷʹըðôͷ̶ͷƤһ飬͸ȫذ
ڶͷת֮ʣöKh-555һͷײɽ֮ϣȻһ죬ضζ
һЩĢưСͺ̴ɽͷм仹Ũҵĳ⡣
ɽΧһƽڣڸǼµĿƺĳŤֳһֲ˵̬
Ұǣǵص׶ߵ棬ǲĴǶеСݣԲ֮еһ̶ɢ˲ɽͷ
߱ڱըĳСΧҪ˵ֻûսȾˣҲᱻΪֹʹõˡ
ضɽҡ⾪춯صһĻٱʮϵĹǲ׽ˡ
ԭԱܴЩӵĹңɶºǵǿҲܵսѹ

ֳĻ洫صָӲ󣬼ʹЩϳɳصĽǣҲñ¶˹ͷǿǸɽˣɡ
˵ЩäĿţΪԭԼʮ׵ɽ𣬴ʱ໹ʣʮףɽƽһ롣
ţԷֻҪǵϵͲӹKh-555𲨣ʹϵҲУ
ڶֱǰĿص㣬ռըĸݣⷭߣҲҪǸ˸ҳ
Kh-555֮󣬾˹ִҲЩһһڶ˹ȾԤռ˲ٵķݶ
Ը飬ʵҲ˼棬Եըһ˼ͷɿ´ҲͳлҮرġ
ʱ˼ϣ֮ɫһɨգȻɵĲǺǿԽܵġ
˼ѾԤõڲõĽľλܱɽˣʮٽڶ˹ӦǷǳˡ
һɶʮװֱɵıӣʿ˱ըء
Ȼһֱǿжİȫԣʿǵɫȴǵ顣
ɻʿǶԵЩţϾǸղϰٹ⣬ҲĢ״
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˹˵ôô󶯾
ɫĿҶ죬лǸԪϢس˵ϣէһԪС¶˾֮ı顣
ԶɽѾһСɽŨȵĻ⣬Ⱦľǻɽһ㡣
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Ҫ˵Ҷ컹ǸûͬĵˣһϵȻֻ
ֻҶҲ룬֮ǰɱ¾ܱƵö˹ʹKh-555ֱķֹλء
٣еְˣȻֱ
ҶΪĬʱԶгʮڵ㻹Ǿ޴תȴǼ˼ɳɨս˵ˡ
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ģȻûⶡ鵽ǸʲôΪ
Ҷ첻ͷųʶ۲ˣͨ˫Ŀǿʮ๫ɽϣһӰԾȻҶԪûϵ
ĶˣҪȫɱɾ
Ȼӹһ٣ڵģҪҶһٱŷ޵ͷɢһ·˷ĩ
Яһصʮʯһ󷨣¶Ӵ˽١
ʹˣӼûƽɽдܳҲޱȣ¶ɫǷŭ
޵꣬ľѱùž޲
ʲһ˲䣬ˣΨɱ¾йʱеķŭ


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꣬йе飬սңûκΣԼʹʳˡ
ԽУڽ챻ö޴ĵƳˡ
еظоԼɽ֮Уּʱʹʯ󷨵Ļ½Ǳը𶯣ǡ
ǴսҾȻսɹˣʹöŭɶҪЩë֪ŭԼ³
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ⳤХ˴Լһֶӵʱ䣬ԶʮҶȻ֣Х鸭ܵĴˣȻۿɼٶȻָš
վĶ飬ȻֻһˣȴɽһΡȻɶҡһɾ˵Ƴͷⶼ

˻ûϵۣ⡭ôܣ
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ԶҶԪҲĿɿڴףԼһ˲ͻᱻǧٿףĻᶼС
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ͷĲͷһ̣ǰһֱƤǶĴм䱻˺ѿ
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ձĶո齨ڸ󲻾õձ࣬ҲĻŷǰĻ棬вһֿ־ĸо
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пͨǼؿĹңٿ˽飬ǲܲǸй˺й
йһһٶ״ɭϵĽУȻλΪĵ쵼ֻǺͱ𾪲֪֮ͬ˵ġ
⡭Щ𣿡ʻһλʮˣʮֺãȥֻʮӣǷӣ¶һ˿λߵϡ
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Ͻͱˣ̫涼ûκεİ취ǵӰ
˵̾˿ɫ֮ҪܷЩ˵Ϣеټһܵȼй©ѹ۴
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Ҫ֪ʮֱϿǻʿǰҪҲǶս˹һΡ
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773 ׽٣ϣ
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Kh-555Ǵײǹһʮöͳͬģ
˼Ҳû֮ǰ򶨣Щܻһά˶ݣ˵Ļǲ
ΪսԼͳʹһöKh-555˺ܶѹлҮ֧֣¾֮ǰһöҲ޷ʹõġ
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ֻЦδ䣬ͻȻ¶˾֮ɫΪ֣ǧöըͻȻ뵽ʶӦΧڡ

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ۿǵڶͷ۶ɣҶƿڴһŲߵԭݶ˹֮УֻоգķչƺĿơ
Ҳ˵˹ٹ֮Χǰһ٣Ҷ춼֪λ⣬ΪȻ֮۸ͨ˿ԣڶϣȴֲ˿ˡ

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ʶȫջغҶ컹£ҪЩһʼͶĻѻҷˡ


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ȻڵĵطɢȥҶȻþòҿֱһֱתҶž˹
Ƕ޵꣬Ӧûµöɣ
ҶһһеζʱƬ򾭹ڻ׺䣬ԲھǻҶеǲôۡ
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ѷɽȥͨ죬ȴǱ䣬ȻʲļΪ⣬Ҳ׺±ˡ
Ҷµò鱾ˮԵĹΪѱɽ뵽ԩ꺣Уõһ
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ͨĶ̽뵽УҶ̧ͷۿҪɵǰǸֱӣһʧԭء

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ʱɢȥȫͨǼؿһĻĹң˶˹Ķ֮࣬ҲС̡
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ھǸ°׵ܻϽεĳίһϧضƵ棬ҪǱƿأǽһ
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ɽװ˻ҡҡͷʲôȨ߶ԡ䷸һˣʹġ
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Զ˹ľǴڻ̵ǵһôĹŽУŵڵĻ˵ûκεİ취
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ǸԱ׵е˵ϸȻڷѴһǰδ󣬻Ըӻ˥ϵо⣬ش塣
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ҶȻ֪ʲô̶̶һ㣬ͨģʯĵطһΪŨġ

Ҷڳҵʱ򣬳ͷȻײһӲϣʱĽǳͷǰˣȻײһȱڡ
ʲô˼Ӳ
Ҷһæ˳ͷʯǿһӲӵǰ


777 £
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Ҷȴǲ֪壬һ壬ʯֻ̺ڽӴ֮˵Żᱻ
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պʯҶͷ·ܸӦõԽ£ĳԣȻһƷʸߵʯ
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Ҷڵ״϶ʱ¶˾ϲ֮ɫΪ֣Լ֮Уƺ̺һ޼᲻ݵĽ֮
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Ҷ첻ɳĴЦʱЩ˹ӣֻҪĶŻ壬ǽײܽҶԷǧ
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ʯͨƣȴǳʳ͸˿ƣҶܸоõ̺Ӵ֮ڵΪһǶ޷մ
ʯҲǷֵȼģʯҪǰõĶҪã
Ȼû˸Ҷ콲ʯķ࣬Եɺ֮£ҶӵеʯԱ֮£ȻܿһЩŵ
ֻҶȻѾȥʯǵ͹ֵʯ޵磬Щ𵤸ˣҲᣬΪһƷʯ
޵磬ƷʯǺͬģĳ϶ԣƷʯһĸʯʹƷֵʯ
ֻеݽߵʱӵˣܴеõһƷʯɴ˿ɼϡȱĳ̶ˡ
һļֵҪԶԶһƷʯģҲֻҶ¶֪޵񣬲ܸɳɱȡѵ


778 ϣ
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һʶڣҶסһԣĽʯת֮ǿʯԴԴ
תЩΪţֲ䵽ҶԪ֮УʱԪſһЩȱƬ֮ϡ
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ټϷɽ֮ǰ뵽ɽ֮ɵҺУȻǽĽ飬Ƭȴ̺һ˿֮Աڻ
Ҫǻ޵֮ˣ϶ܿһЩߣȻҶӲģҪ֪һҲǻ˼Դġ
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޺ֳܻĽҺ岻ͬɽƬǱһ͸ɫҺ壬ɢ˿˿Ϣ
֪ܷ޺ںأˣɫҲûʲôãһ԰ɣ
ҶһһʶĴָСɫƬ֮ǿһҺ壬޺ںһ
ʱҶѾʹСʱˣԪƣҶ֪ҲһΪؼʱ̡


779 £
Ҷõ˵κβ϶ںϵģǽҺɵˮţûİա
ƣԪǿҶкȵڣ
ҶĺʶŻеļֲںһûôѣ޺ۺɵҺ壬ȻغǷɽںһ
һĲԼӤȭͷСһ㣬ʰ͸״ֳ̬ɫ⣬ȥʮֵƯ
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783 Ϣ
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ԺеĻҶǫǫӵӡȻȻҧ˵ĹаҶôû뵽ƽʱ쳣˽ȴǸС
ʵҲֲҪ֪Ӷĳϣ඼ս׷ɵĵط
ǵԴ׬ǮţпȥԺŴǮʲôģ׬ǮڶĳŮ˶Ƥˡ
Ҷĵ绰Ҷ룬ֲͨףάֻ롣
ιλ绰ͨףάԵЩƣ
Ҷ죬϶ô
ҶҲûϻżɽ˶Ȼ̩ɶף˵̰ģλʦȴҶµ֡
Ҷ죿
ףά͵̧˰˶ȣŻͲﴫһȴڼźƵףά磬Ʊ˵ϡ
˲ȥÿӺЬϵĺƣףάŻͲҶ죬û°ɣ٣ǵˣ
ͨϰնԣڹǵ̫ңԶû˻ȥĵġ
ףά粻ͬĪ˹ƴڰ⵽ϴϢϾʶҶΪġ
Ī˹ƺڰ飬ףά绹е𾪣Ϊ֪Ҷ¡
˹Ϣʱ潫ףάһû뵽ҶȻڳôһ¡
Ҫ֪˹ڶ˹ӵĵλͬǿԪѫүүйĵλˣ˲׵ȥ˹ôưոأ
ףάλ˹ľ磬ףάĽǣӾݿʼҶͱѶˡ
⼸ףά˸ֹϵȥ̽ҶϢûܲҶ䣬ʵѾҶˡ
Խӵ绰ף˵ǾϲþʸӵĺʣڸҶʱûһϷȥ
һܸ绰
Ҷ췭˸ۣǺķӦһضΪԼӦûϰɣ
Ҷ죬Ķˣǹĵ绰ɣ
ףά˿ƽ飬˵˵طϾͷɹȥһҪúлл㣬°̫Ưˣ
ףά糤ô󣬻ûгԹ̩ĿԼ˽ͷһ۵ĶΪ˾ɲзϡ
Ҷɨ˹ڰնɱǣڵ֪ϢףάͶȹһӵę́
ҹͻȥˣ㲻ù
Ҷףά״εĻ˵϶ô׳ҸͻȥˣӴһӡ
Ҷ죬϶ʱſڵϸͷ°Ư϶ллˣҪҲͷɣ
ףά糤ô󣬻ǵһֿĻͱ˵Ƿ˶һҶļͷףάҲĸԸ
һȥһûأʲôͷ
Ҷһ£ףάƺûкһڵ绰û˼֮ʵ϶أ
϶ϸȥɽɽˣǱ߻еҵҶ죬ģҰ˸ȫġ
ñ廹Ҳ𽥻ָ˹
ֻڹ˴뱲ӣʵڹסߣȥ˾ɽɽܲЩҵӼ̳еġ
ţ϶һ٣ûѾǴңպǿ԰ˡ
ףάĻҶ˵ͷʵձ̩Լ˹ĺȭôˣ
ң黹Ҫң
ףάЦһ˵ЩȭǱһֿƵģȺ֮£ȫĺȭֽ֯ģǲɿ
޵⼸ȭųгģ̩ձ֮˹ά˹ĺȭй֮޲һʱڶǵĿ
ڸǰǿƣ֮Ҳƿؾ棬Գ˸ոշѪĪ˹֮⣬ձ̩Щطÿ춼Ϊȥܶˡ
ҪģǴɣҶüͷһЦʵأǽˮ¥̨ȵ°ûг𣿡
ң
ףά̾˿˵Ҷ죬˵ֵˣڵĺȭҶصˣ˵ˡ
ףάЩ飬ڴʵֻ֪үүϣֻ۱ֻ۰ˣһֱû˺档
ζ˹飬׷ԴȻףάǣˣ¶ɾʹˡ
˹֮ףάһ£ǰ÷ɵŻָɣǺȭףάǱپӪȥˡ
Ҿһ£ףάϲ̼Ҳĥòˣһǰͽǳת˳ȥںҲһλ竾ӪĲ
Ҳãˣһ£ȹˣ
ԼҪ֪ϢҶ첻ףά˵ֱӹҶ˵绰СܵĴ̼Ӳᣬڵ绰һƵġ
Ҷ˵绰Ҷָڵ绰Ħһ绰ȥٲҪһٳ
˰ΣҶ컹ǲֻͨ룬ŻͲﴫġཡǧǰ治ɫҶ죬Ȼ˼֡
ԷͨҶæЦݣĵЦ裬ңҶ졣
Сӣ㻹ô绰æʲô飬¶ûһϢٲϱҪˣ
ޱƽʱǰ˵ʱϸģΨҶƽⲻʡĵĶӣŻһӶʨģ
ţ裬֪Ҹȥˣ
Ҷһ㶣̶ЩЦãԼκͷһѰ϶˸ʲôɣԼ˹ȥ
ʵҲκŮģҶȥһЩ飬һʱûͼϵ
ҪĻޱﻹסھǰһǧعӶӶǰ˹ȥˡ
ӵĻޱû˵⹫صĲ˵ô֪ʲôȥˣʲôط
Լǵ¸صϸףޱǷǳŵģҲûôҶİȫֻͼϵˡ
裬ϷǿնˣһڣҾܻȥ
貢ûԼ˼Ҷ첻ɳ˿ȻԵ˵ʱѪ飬飬ҶȴǷǳĿء
ڿնأȥ֪ӵλúޱڻͲеȻЩȻ
裬ôˣʲô𣿡Ȼʱ䲢Ҷ컹ĸ׵ƺһ˿ǡ
ޱʸڷϵûû£ˣˣǱҪעⰲȫϷǵΰܲõģ
裬ҰɣҶüͷȻһ˵裬ǲϷˣ
ĸ׶ĸ飬Ҷ컹ģȻԲ飬ޱǲ֪Ӧδ


784 ıϣ
Ҷ컹֮еʱޱڼѹǰһ˵Ӵҵ
ֻǳڶԶӵ˼ʹޱʱ򣬾ͽӵԶӵ˼Ϊһ飬עϡ
ȻһֱƺޱΪùãޱȴǽһ㿴ģҲ֮ǰЩޱû׷Ҫԭ
С죬ô˵ı磬ϣͱƽ˰ɣ
ޱԶ˵ʱѾһ˿ǻˣô˵Ҳʮ꣬ǺѸġ
ƽϣԸŹҰɣ
ҶرˣΪľҲŷг𱨳ԹԹּɷ͵ԹŶԡ
ĸ׵İ󣬻ҶĬ˺һᣬҶ쿪˵裬ģֻҪң¾ˡ
ڵҶвϰС˰ˣָһĸ׸˵ĻҶҲˡ
С죬ģ϶ȥģ㱣֤õӵĴ𸴺ޱ˿
ޱףУѧλ֤飬ⳡҲֵķǳɫҶ죬ͲĶ֡
ˣ裬ˣϢˣ˵һû¾ͺˣ
֪ΪʲôҶͷӿһ˿ʧг˼֮󣬹Ҷ˵绰
ϸһ룬Ҷŷ֣ԸԴˣϾ谡ȴöȥ˺ˣҶһʱЩŤ
٣ôˣ費˺СӣظıְҺαȥƽأ
ͨڣҶȻʣҡͷЦЦߵǰ򿪴ľɫ
ΪϷǵĵڶУ׶ʡʡᣬնȻۼͷ
ҶסƵ귿䣬պÿԿΪϵ֮ɽԼӡʹĽ㡭ǣӵԣ
ҶûȤһľɫ󣬸ɴĿڵذԪһͽ뵽붨֮С
Ҷȴû뵽еŮɥʧǺжһλĸԵŮˣҲ޽ӽ㡣

նذϷǣںܳʱǺӢֳأʱ͡
ȻλϷǹͳĴ£Ϸ˳ӢϷǹ͹ɷϵǣϷе¢ϲҵУϷ˵Ĵڡ
󻹳Ϸķ棬ںһռ㣬羰ѵĸߵСڣûһϷǺסȥ
⴦СһӢز̿ģ˾ǮҲı˽Ǯ֮⣬ƥݡ
ģȻңȻΪǸң
һԿǷ羰ĶȻһӲˤڵѵ
ոմ˸߶·û˿Ÿոսĵ绰ƴˤţ⻹ޣѵ绰ˤɢ󣬻סýš
òӢȴ˫۳죬һѾȫŭԴϵǲ绰·ĳҶһ㡣
ΪޱڶĽӰˣС֮ӣߵﶼĿĽ㡣
Ҳʮʱ򣬾ͱֳҵͲܣһβУΪ˾ʡ˺ܴһʽ
Ϊĸ𲽽˾ȨƽԼʱȴͻȻ֣̫үֻǸðƻ̫Ѿˡ
һǰδеΣУСͱֹ⻷ŵʼŤ뽫Ҷж
Ȼ֪ˣûԵһɧǱޱ䵽˷ޣŽޱˡ
ˣԼģоȫ˶ȴûȥ룬ޱ֮ԶҶ죬ʵΪ˱ġ
޳ͷԵЩҲһЩԼİף˺ϸӣһͽޱĹ˾ΪУʧˡ
ԣҶ֣ɾħ䣬Լȥˣޱղŵһͨ绰ȴױˡ
ʲô飿
Ķӱӿ߰˸α뺷׳лҲаˣ˵ǸʮͷĻӡ
磬û¡Ƕ°ɣ
˿ԼǳΪһزٵĻһϣúܺá
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ĴǺˣҲϻĵմ֮һʮʱ򣬾һֱߡ
Ҫ˵ȷмֶΣʮദɹΪԼĸϵʧ֮ɴ˳˺š
Լϰ壬Լĺһ㣬ദʱ˵ǳ⡣
ʻ޵Ŀ⣬һһٵ˵磬Ǹˣھڿնأ
Ǹˣ˵ǡҶ죿
һ£̶ϷӦ˹ҧгݵģϳҶ֮⣬ˡ
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˫ճȭͷ磬ǱƵµĵطΪҶ죬ҡҪ
˵¶˷ܵɫеҲ֮⿪ֻҪҶˣлȾָޱӴҵ۹ġ
Ȼ̨ԼϺļ飬֪ҶЩı£վǸͨˣ˵Ĺ˼άʶҶĿֲ
ҶĿɲǺǵģʦˣ
ȶԹһϲͨԣȴʮֵѣĻ¶ԥɫ
Ҫ֪֮˶ǿΪּⱲŷľʦϻˣΪԼܸɵҶ졣
ܶùӵ𣿡
ΪȻƲƲ죬˵˶֪ϷǺңǹɱ˵ˣҶãǹҲǺ
ϷǸûǹ֧һ˵ÿ￪ɽʯĹ˾Լװ
ԣΪɵǹϷƬʵǷǳߵġ
¶Ҫͱĸɾҿһ¡
Ȼ֮ˣ˼ȴǳܣûóȻӦ
ɣҪȥ׻ۼҶ֣æɹʻߺܶģ
ͽܣ׻ȻʦֵܵĹϵˣɲɵǣʱ׻պþڿնء


785 ı£
ھҶסƵ겻ǺԶһߵСһױҪ˵ܽߣִҲеԭ֮һֵǧı˵;͸ˡ
ʦܣæģǹҡ
Ҳ֮ˣסǺܽеȴǷǳƣʱ׻ľ׮ϰ֣ˡ죬׻һڳչȭӡ
ʦ֣ô˵ɾ̫˰
Цӭȥݸ׻һɾë˵ʦҶɽǸֵܣնأֵܵܲ㰡
׻࣬˴Сһͬϰ䣬ֵµĹ򣬿ຮҪ׻ʤһ
ֻ׻иøףںųͷأֻܵκһЩҪıڣ׼ҵйϵ඼ϵģ׻Ĺϵǻ
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Ļ׻¶һ˿ЦݣڱϸױŴӺ֮׻һֱⲻеᡣ
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׻ʮ꣬ǵ֮꣬Ǵӱǰӵͥеɢţ־޴ʹ׻޷ھɽɽȥ˸ڶ㵽
׻һǰǰĹҲ׻泩࣬ضؾɽɽҪߵ̫Ҳ׻Է磬Ҷžͳȥˡ
ʦ֣Ҳʲô¡
һ׻ɫԼ˵ֻСõһϢǸҶ˿նء
Ҷ죿׻۾һӵԲˣҲüȵնظѵ׼Ļֻˮ𣿡
խˣֻӱ⣬׻Ҳ룬βλһԸޱҶеõۣȥ鷳
Ѿͬ׻ԣ׼ϸ׽ϴ֣ԼʧƵ׾Ҷ죬ÿڴľ׮ʱǰļжҶĳˡ
ҶϢʱֹ׻ĺ⣬вε¶һ˿Թɫ
͵һ׻ɫʱаϲæӿ˵ʦ֣ҶǿɺޣҪĻʦں죬֮λҲǷʦĪġ
ûС̫ǱʽȥҲˣȻϾɱ׻죡
ôһ׻ŭգصһƵĸϣȻǸ˴ôȥ
ʦ֣᲻ǰ𣿡
Ц˵ѾȥˣҶ컯Ե²ţľھסϣٴƵñס꣬ҲЩ˵飬ʧˣҲ˵µģ
ڷƲȫĵطôģһȭͷ˭ȭͷ˭еȻִȭͷΪǹеˣ׻˵ǹȨ
һȻǽǮˣ𣬾ÿնس뾳һԱ˽յĻ뾳ܿͨϵƬϳҶ졣
ûֱɱȥΪйǣ̨׷ɱҶӶţĶϵġ
ֻǼĽȴ𾪲ѣжǵӶţȻȫûǿһ֧װݵӶŰҲӲ˵ҶжԿǹеʵ
ϰ꣬Զͨ˿ɱȣĲ˵֪ԼʦΪִܿǹɨӳҶںŴսʤȻ֮
֮ǰûֱӴӦҵ׻׻е֪ҶȷʵҲôӦԣٷ´߲ҧĴ
ţʦܣڿնؿûʲôȻ޲ҶھҲʹϾ
׻ں߻ӵĵطӸλȻӰ棬ҲǸݰķŭ֮ϾͷӦ˹ԼСʦǹʹ
Լ֪Լ£׻ȻҶ죬ҲԸĹҶǰͲģʹǹǶûп۶ĻᣬԼͷǼֱǳ˵Ρ
ʦ֣ҵ˼ˣҲ֪ҶλүļƻǰҶ
֪ʱ⣬϶ᱻ׻Ǻޣ¿żɽ˵ʦֻ֣֪Ҷ˾ΪΣҪôȻǰǶ֣
ѲǵŰѿСƤˣҲеλмҲˣ彿úܣϷطûǮڲƽ£Ԫȥе˰ͷ
ģ
׻һۣ˵ʵ׼ҳ֮ҲЩµͷСܵñӶ죬նغһֱסıƵ˺üԼ
ԿЦ˵ʦ֣ҲпԵģޱ˹˾󲿷ְֵʦǼϣʵǳʲôġ
˵ĵҲǡ
׻˵ͷɫ˵ҶȻᣬΪɲ⣬ںҸ׽ֵʱûʹȫ˵
׻ԭر֣Ȼ׼Ҷ鷳׻˽ﻹռҶϢֻһʱ˰أҶֳѾԶܶԸˡ
ʦ֣
֪Ҷ˵ЩȴЩΪȻл˵ǲ٣ʮʮƭӣûһʵѧġ
׻ɫҡҡͷ˵Ȳ̸ŲţʦܣҶʮӶΧ¶Ȿ˵⣬նȻңҲ˽ϣپƵըɣ
׻˳ϢȻ˺֪ܶ࣬ǰ·ڶ˹飬˿̾ҶǣҲûȥԸҶˡ
ʦ˵ĵҲǣھƵ϶УǿԽȥϼʮһǹɨ䣬һ
һ£˵ֻʦ˵Щ鷳Ҫǻʲôǻû취
Ⱳŷһ仰һΨȻô׻˵ʲôʵʩƻ֮ǰǽؿ˽ȥ
ҶΪҲвӵģʦܣ˵İ취Уʱ͵صҪѡãһҪڵĵط޿ɱܣҲѵֵġ
׻Ҷ˼֮£һ½˵飬취ɣŷʶһͨˣԶԸҶ졣


786 
׻ĻЩǣʵͨĸˣʦ֣⿿𣿡
ſִĲʢһЩ¼֮⣬ǼÿѧеȻˣһٶǸ񻰹ڹĳЩ޷͵
Բǹڵţǹ⼸ǰʢеħԼʽ΢бµЩˣҲ䣬ĬĬؽм̳ȥΪ֪
ȻҲϽˣ޷ӴǸصĲ棬ûмʶйŻĻᣬԶ׻ĻЩΪȻ
ʦܣ飬Ǽٵģ
׻ɫһ䣬˵ҶȻᣬΪĪ⣬һͨͨİ취ԸĻʦ־Ͳˡ
ȻҶǣ׻֪֮ģҶںгߵĵλֻҪ֣ͱҶأҲ޷غġ
ʦֵĻСвŵĵ֪˵λʲôطأ
ĳǸûΪ׻ĻŭЦ˵ʦ֣Ҷ첻֪ڿնͣ೤ʱ䣬һҪ뿪ĻǿɾͰװɥʧλˡ
ޱǰʧƣʹҲܵǣֻܺһڿնأҶͬҲǳ֮ģȻҪ׻׻ִⲻϵĻҲ¾ȥԸҶġ
׻˰֣˵ھڰ뿪նزСʱķɻھϵӦþܸϵ
Ҷ쵱ںֳսԼ׻˽⵽ʹЩһֱ˼ԸҶİ취ҲһżȻĻᣬ׻Ͽ˺ܴĹ
Ǹã鷳ʦˡʦλ˳֣ҶСӴ˽ӣ
Ӷŵĸһֱ£ȻʲôħģΪ˽Ȼ׻˵ˣҲˡ
ص˸绰׻˳˵ˣϾܹʦܣͷһȥһ¡
Цû⣬ʦַģˣʦȻҵˣСЩϵ⻹Ҫʦ̡
̬׻⣬ԴŸں˺󣬾û˶˹ˣҲЦȭϵһЩ
ߵӵʱ׻ˣһɫı۷˿նعʻ
ڰնصİ༶ִʮӺվڻڴ׻Ȼǰ˼һǰ˵÷°ȣܸܼ㣬лİ
ҽɽһϿôһ仰񡢽ɽ续ѵǲ𣿡
׻ǰ˵һйվ׻ȴոһŲڹʺһ㣬ɫ쳣ѿںһ׻ѹ˵ʦ֣˵Ĵ󡭡ʦѡѵ
˵Ȼ󣬵ģ׻оûӣɫʱ˵ʦܣ׻˵˲ò࣬ˮɶ÷°ȻƲǴʦʦѧˣҲõ洫ġ
ʦǵСðˡ
׻ĻɫźÿһЩ˵ĿҲࡣ
ʵҲܹʵ̫˾ˣΪվ׻ǰˣһŮˡ
ʮŮˣʧ̬Ҫ֪Ѳ棬˺ͺӣʣµǸŮˡ
ؼŮҲ̫˵㣬Ϊһ׵ԴϵǱ崿ӣʾԲᳬʮ꣬׻վһ𣬵Ůһ㣬УȻо쳣Ļˡ
ǼǲЩ˵ĿģҪģǻ˰ɡ
ǸŮƺûȫ죬߻һ˵ȴֱӱ˶Ĳ
ˣ㡭㲻й𣿡
һ£СŮһй˵ףôԳƼأ
ڼˣþӺİһ˵壬֮ǰǴӡȱǨƳ֮󣬾ͱþ޶ջռάƣһֱסڴŷ޸
ģŲͨĶشͳԺ뵽صȥǵĻӭǳѡ
ܼ˵˿ڲ٣ǾסıȽϷɢͬʷ̫˵һܵ˺ܶѡ
ڶսʱϣհ50򼪲ͽ˼Ӫɱֱ1979ϹʽϼΪһ壬ǵս֮ŷͶŷļܵصżǵݵòϣܵв
ԾйڹĵλҲǺܸߣǶԼˣܱһԽеģСŮĿ⣬ֱЩУ˾ͺ͹ڽͷռһЩҡײƭļһ
ʲôطˣʲôϵСŮƲƲ죬ֱ˿̣¶һ˿µ顣
ǲΪСң
СŮȻз۾˵Ҫһܲõ飬Ѿʼ߻ʵʩˣ㲻ÿûиЩ⡭ҵ
СŮĻԭһ˿мɫɫ䣬ѿڶ֪ʲô
ȻվȺĻȻоһ䣬һɺͷӿߵ¶ƺ½˼֣ǰСŮЦݣ·Щ
ûǶ˽ӣȻˮʾͼĶͼĶѣֻһϷ
СŮ¶һ˿ŵЦݣ˵һԭʵ̫ˣ֪ԼĲ㣬޿ɾҩˡ
ʮ۵ףһСŮ٩٩ԣȴڽѵһ㣬ΧպȻЩ졣
Ϊ˵ϳ֮⣬ȻκηԣΪղСŮ˵Ļ룬ͬԼ̹ϸ˶Էһ㡣
̫ˣϾȻˣʵʤ۱磬СŮ̶̵һ͵߸֪ڿСŮʱ򣬾η֮ɫʱС
ûʲôµģκһǿ׳ĳˣܰɱ
СŮһƽ˵ɱԤʦˣ⵽˵ģ롭㲻ɣ
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СŮĻͷŮ׻ԼǾ顣
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ʻϵЦһֱûͣ뷽跨ںŮ˵ŻͬʱҲƴشԼԼģҲȫŮԡ
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ɽС㣬նصΰɲôã롭ȥ˺ɣ
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հĴǵĹ涨ŮӦñ͵¶ԺģõǱӴ⳥𣬱Ҫʮ֧ȡ굽ʮʮ
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÷°ȣҲǽɽʱ򣬾ͱֳڳ˵ĸռʱ򣬾ˣʮ꣬ѾԶСռʦˡ
׻ȥģʱĽɽ׼ȷ˵룬չֳһЩÿѧ͵ʱ׻ΪˣʸɽԼļĸ޽һҲԵ
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ںŮ֮׻ԼʹùҪ뵽Ϊо뵽̶һ㣬ڶá
׻ִҪŮ뵽նأȴѴŮʹĳԸҶ˼
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׻ĽͺʱϲŮҶڼӶõĻǼٷӵͬʱҶϣǳҲҪ̵ġ
׻һЦ˵ȻҺ޲ýСӴң⽭ɽŶԸģ
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˷֮Ա½˵ʦϢ£ҪȥЩš
֪˴׻ˣԭְֻɱҶ죬СŮĳʮɵİˣҪģȴҪνҶƵꡣ
ҴҸ׻뿪˾Ƶ꣬׻ÿŮķţȥƵĺ˶ٴ͡
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Ů˽֮⣬ʵԤδļףͼõƲͬɽȴͨ˯ΣܿһЩδ顣
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ֻȥʱ򣬽ɽδʮ꣬޷øĸµǱŲ
ֱǰʱʮ꣬ȡŲһ֣Լĸһʼмʽˣҵһվͷλڷ޶İ
ҪҪǸأɽȻ󣬵ĸȥܶط׻˼Ϳˡ
СżһЩӰ۵ĽɽŮǷǹ۲ôأĸĻ˵ǸΪѰҴ𰸣ܵϵ۳ͷġ
ˣٸŮһ£ϱӼ˯ԣֻǺ׻һν׶ѡ
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ˣ˵ϷʢƽĽǷԵʯأ
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ҶҲû飬żɽ˵ܣģҶϷǵĽЩȤЩͶʣ֪ܷһ£߰ȥιһأ
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ҶӿЦһ£λǰԼɹԻϵЩˣȻԼμš
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ǷΧ鱨Աûʸ񴥼µĺģҲҶ죬Ƶһ֮ززˡ
ǷְµЧʵǺܸߣŹʮӺһƵķҶķ䣬Ļպ볭֮˳ȥ˵ǸҶ
ֻǵǷµƵһ¥ʱȴһԪ£Ҷй¶˳ȥҶμӵԼг̡
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÷°ȣҲǽɽ齵ǸƵ׻ķ˷ܵɫҶھƵ겻Ļ벻ʲôð취ҶȻμţͶ·
ʦܣҶɲ⣬һҪȫİղܳǣ
뵽ںýʱҶϱŷĳɱ׻Ȼ£ǽʵʵɱɲƽʱģҶϵ˾ԲˣѶԸġ
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׻ĻЩʵЦܹóǧ֧䡣
ôԣʽ׻˽ϷǸҵӶȫӶ֮⣬ؽ𣬴սеĸչһλϣҪһ֧ȫװľӣȻǶӶݽ뵽Ϸǡ
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׻ڰǸׯ԰סʱƺ͵ʱʶɽĸŮûǰܻҶ죬˵ǸʮĴˡ
壬˸Σܲã
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׻һ£˵ɽ̫˰ɣεô׼أ
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ԽɽҲûǰἰԼͨξԤδ飬׻ȻҲ֪ɽĳԶĻЩΪȻ
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׻Ŭϼһ˿ЦݣŮС˵˵ʲôɣֻҪмӵʱˣСߵǸׯ԰͸ˣ
˵ʱ׻оԼһȣʮˣûȴƭСȥĻҶҲûƤڽ˻ˡ
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Ů׻ĳƺǲ֮ͱ׻Ļסˣɴ۾ʵ˵Ǵׯ԰͸ң
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׻صص˵ͷӶںŶ꣬׼۵ĲƸǼӶģΪһѩг裬˵һǧԪˣ׻ֳһҲҲԸ⡣
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ֻ뵽ǸΣŮʱԥʮ֮ξз飬϶δʵˣȻԤȴûнİ취
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СŮɫ粻׻˵ǧ𣬰ȣֻҪܰ壬һ׷ӣԺÿ춼󺣣
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СŮھˣϲÿ˵ǧԪµģ˲Ÿռ׬ȡһЩķá
Ļ͹ڲһҮϴ󣬼е鶼ϲ񸸣ռԵⲢǺܺãԽɽĸЩһֱƶ
ȻģҪǲŵĻҿȸ㿪֧Ʊٰ֮Ǵׯ԰׻صص˵ͷǧԪһׯ԰иͲʲôܻСŮĳ֣ǳֵġ
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ڿ־ͽǮ֮䣬Ůѡ˺ߣڼ˵е鶼ǿԵȼ۽ģȻû̫˵ľ츳ͬʧȥ˹ҵ壬̫Աȼ˻϶ˡ
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Ůһ£һҪԼнʱ򣬻꣬ʱϵС۸ĽɽƵڵغзԼͨʶ󣬿ЩСá
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ڴӦȴЦѣõʱмֵҶˣŮʲô£
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ȥ󣬽ɽƲƲ죬˵壬ĲǺˣ
µòʹö˺ܴǲʱ̽е뷨ڼռѧУźоӸղŮЩڲġ


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ӺŴ֮׻оһ˿ӰҶǿĵ׸оսҲҶȴһֱûʵʩԭ
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ξеǸӰɽӡʵ̫ˣ˾һΡɽͲܺģ׻ԼԾܾɽԲӦ뵽ȥ
İɣҲȥģԼע㣡
׻ѱҶ˵ӣ֪ҶҲҶǰҪ֪ԽǸ֣ɵԽɲҶͬھ

ڴеҶӴͨʶܡվһλžƵ깤Աεˡ
ǲϵ磬׼ΪϷΣǸʮˣϻһϡ
ûϣܳǣҶ΢΢ףϷԺΪľƵгֵİˣһ൱ְλĹԱ
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һҽܣȻߵҶǰЩҳϣ˵м·ѡһ£Ȼòģ֧ġ
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Ҷ콫ҳŻصϣָ£˵ҪĲϷǺͿնصķ羰ЩƾʷĽҸõ˽Ϸǣ˵ǲǣ
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Ҷüͷͷһæ͵·ϿԲιĽ󣬶յԼ˹ϷĳУһ60ദϷǿ索ĽҲǸط
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ǽ޺ΪɽвҶҲԽԽ٣ֻҪôģɱȺսҶ𲻵ʲôõġ
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ƣҶ죡һ£Ҷϵĵ绰˳ȥ
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Ͳһ˴ЩԶ֪Ҷٵģ˹ЩҲţǹļҼ˵ҶûµĻԶһ׼ΪҶ첻ˡ
Ϸˣƣϴεûǣɣ
ҶЩǸʵȥ˹ǳԶרȥģ׾ܲ⼸ԶҲûܵɧš
û£ܰô
ԶĿںҶ룬Ī˹ƵĹ˾ܵһЩԶԣ˽ҵ񣬸Ͳʲô
ǾͺãƣҪ˽˷ɻ֪Ų㣿
֮⣬Ҷʶ棬ԶķɻȽϷ㣬ҶԤУϷ˵ҪһȷѪ꣬ǰ·ĺá
ҶĻԶڵ绰гһ£˵Ҷ죬ҵķɻڲãģҸ㰲һ֤ᵢ顣
Ȼ˹ȫĿ⣬˹õ˹ȥԶܸоõԼٻǱ˸š
⵱ɳɻȥҶ죬Զ㲻Щ˵ĶĿױ뵽ڶ˹档


791 ע
ƣǾͶлˣڿնء
ҶõǸ󣬻ϾͱʦָռˣԶõĺôԼ࣬ϰ壬Ҷû˿
Ҷ죬İɣ֮ɻܽڿնعʻʲôʱ뿪ԡ
绰һ˵ԶظҶ˰ƱҶıס˴꣬ﵽǻ˸һ㣬ϵ˰ѾȫʧˣҲǰ˺ܶ࣬ϿȻʮĶˡ
ԶѾѮ䣬ԽǮǿõˣΨȴ޷Ƶģ˵Ҷֻǽ·ɻҪıȡƲԶҲ˹ϵġ
ҶԴҲ֪Цƣ¶ȲҪҼλʦ֣һȥǸϲ
ҶǰռʱЩ޲¹ļҵ˵֪Լٺܵնʱһʲô飬Ҷûȥ˼ǡ
ԶЦ˵׵ģʵʦƽµģҸŰżһ󡣡
˹¼֮һԶֱͼȹϵϣǹļռһҶ켪࣬Զġ
Ŷʦռ֮оˣԶĻҶ²Щ
һԭеľռԣҶȴЩҵȻϵΪͻͽԪѷ֮ռ֮ϣȴûô¹ˡ
ļǡǡҶ෴ڵõҶʦк󣬲󷨻ռ϶ǻ˺ܴľȥоΣյĸӦҶ죬ǶݣѾҶˡ
ʦڿǺúܣ۵ϲȦܰռһΪǰң빶ʦһء
ԶȻԹļҼΪƳ磬ڸ۵ȦĵλЩԭҪѷһģ˶֪ѿԼʦãҲˮǴߣ˭Ҫ֡
ãȥҪúллʦ֡
ԶⷬҶ첻ɿЦʵЩϸҵλʦҲЩͷˣǶδȴǺ޹滮ΪֹҲХһͽܣȻҪʦԳ
ԶЩϸںҶҶ˵绰¶һ˿Ц
ҶĻղõУ֮ǰѵǱƵζɲôܡ

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ڶһ磬Ҷ߾򿪷һվŸСӣҲǶʮͷԼӡ
Ŷҵġ
ҶԼǼֻЩϰߣ˸˵˵˵ȥüߵʮʱ
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Ҷһ£ҲμӹһЩţ֪ЩһٶҪʮˣΪһţ绹Ҫ⵽Ѽȥ
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˵ʵҶҲǸеʮֵĺ棬Ҫ֪·Ϸǵºͻ¯࣬ڵʮ׵Ľޱȣ˵ȥˣڵĿɳȵϢġ
Щѧǰ죬ҲһЩϷԱͬǰضģҶѡһƽ֮ãĵȷȷǶһݣ˴Ŷ첻
ԭڵǲģ׼ƵʱţǱһԾܾļ۸Ǳǽһϰ˵Ҫߡ
ʲôҪǰ
ҶڻɨһۣܸӦõԼСûʲô⣬ɹڵƤ֤ȷһܶĵΡ
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Ҷι۵ļҽȻɻͶʿɵģԱȽϺ˵Щʯĵطǲ˽ģҶ˵Ҳһ㡣
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ҶҪʵǰҲοģûмʶƽ𿪲ɵֳԷǳĺ棬Ǽп󳡻ͬοµʯ
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Ҷ˵ͷĿһ㶼ƽģڵĻ϶ڿĵײֻҪµҶϾжǷˡ
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ʵնҲǸУΪźϿγתġ
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ҶԵ˵ͷںű۾ҶƺϢҲʶȤûڼ˵ȥ
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ոմɱ¾гҶͻȻƽЩϰߣĵ׵Լ鷳ⲻܸĵϷ֮ôӣһֱͱӵͷ

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ڿնǶһƱòĵں˵Ż¶ɫȴʾŵ顣
̨ĹӶ̩ʦͽܺǰɱ֣ǹĶ˺ŴԸҶ죬յĽҶȻú󣬶ȴǱƶ˴䵽ϷƫƧĵط
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еĲʱЦ˵ھڶ࣬ҹӶ֧ӶţȻǺܶ࣬ӶǰйĺڹѸӶžУ
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ܶӶ֮ڹѸӶţ඼һŮɵӶţʵȻֻ˵Ӷ飬ȫ˹ɵġ
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ӶӶɫָӹٺж߻ߣõĵԺڿͺжʵʩߣɫͷԼǿʵʹúڹѸӶںܳһʱռӶһλá
ﶼͺڹѸӶйǰԼȥһЩù飬ڹѸӶҲδʧֹǵĿںžǣֻҪкļ۸ǽе
ոճʱ߻һҵ沢ΪޱǰչʾԼҵ츳ؽƸ˺ڹѸӶš
Ľڼ沢𵽹ؼõһڼʱ򣬾Ȼ̿ס˺Ǹʮͷû͵ҽԺһˡ
෽ĵ飬µȷǸ⣬֮⣬û֪ǲ߻ģֱڣȻ֪ڹѸӶʹʲôֶΡ
ڼǰҲҹڹѸӶţһҶ¼ϧǺڹѸӶŲ֪ΪʲôԭɢˣкλױɾƵԱɱֶҶİɱ
ڹѸӶŵڲһЩ⣬˳˼꣬Ҳӵĵһ񡣡
ںڹѸӶţͬһЩֻսɵӶŶԣڹѸӶŵǻۣܳһҪء
ȻؽĺڹѸӶҪۼߣ̶̵һ֮ڣ׷Ҳʾ˷ǳߵְҵһ׷Ҷ֮ء
ʵؽģԱб䶯ɣǵʱΪʲôҪɢأ
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һ£˵ӸչٶְҵˣЯӶСӵİΧȦ֮⣬ʹҶӳӶ׷ɱҲ޷Щӳȥģɱ˻
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ΪҶһˣͻ˴ĴۣɼжҶļɵɱˣõЩˣһЩȽСĹԵ߸ǸҵȨˡ
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ŵؽһļƻ˰֣˵磬ЩҲܣֻĻŰɣֻҪҶ졭
ױһڽеĺƺȥҧгݵذѾƱˤ˵ϣƱͷһ󳩿죬·ѾҶĩ·ʱΡ
İɣ׻ǸŮѾǰԼ˹ˣҲҪϹȥ֮͵źϢɣ
ĻгţǿӶѪľˣԼɲҶĻǸɴҸӵˡ


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Ͼ͵ˣǰһƬǡ
Ҷ첻ͬСϷǵĻȴǺӦԣԽҰҪִͳǿöˣ˶ɢĳζҪԶȵܡ
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ҶĿãһҵľ룬ͿڽĴŴվĸʵǹ˵ľܱ߸߸ߵΧǽϣȫ˵ÿսǴװͷûκǵĴڡ
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Ҷ˵ͷֿ̧±ʱָʮӣӾƵСʱʵ뿪նҲǺԶڻϵ־һܵļ飬ŵԽԽҰʻԺ
Ӹոͦȣһʮ˾ʹԺǰǶ㽨˳ԶЦСӣǲǿҺ˵ÿζϸҳ⣡
൹ǲ
Ҷ̧ͷϿһۣԲܴЦշһ㣬˵ʱ˫С۾ǲðľ⣬ʾҲǸ֮
ܣĶܰǻϷǣм˱úðֻе⣬ʾںķѽ
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ܣҽɴſء
ЩΪѣ͵͵ؿһҶ죬ϷǳģһٶҾһС㣬ȸȴǲ࣬ζЩˡ
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Ҫ˵ֵǷǳĺãɵĵһ󣬾ͲƷʷǳߵĻƽɴҲõеĵһͰ
1994ʱΪϷεĺͳ˴ӴΪϷƬϵˣֿԴҲʼ𽥵翪š
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ղſϰҶȾ֪Ҷǹͣ˵ҲȽϿ
ôȵ죬·ܴ𣿡
ŵϺķҶ첻üͷȻë֮Ⱦ޷뵽ڣϰôһҲǺܲġ
Ц˵Ҫģ΢һУʵҲڵеȣµ£ܻоء
˵ҲǣãҴ
Ҷ˵ͷ¶Ⱥ͵µȷͬŴһЩȨƵˣڻʹͼѣһΪ㣬ʮףÿһúĲ񵲣
ʱ򽫳ɿĺڱѵһ㣬ͲڻһЩ÷ȻȴˣһȨ߸֮ˡ
ȫñҲҪϣϰµ涨ֻҪȥ󾮵ˣҪҶ촩ķݸҶһȫñֱ˾ǿ󹤳ڰȫ쳣ӡ
úҶڰ߽Ǹ󶴵Ľ
ռܴƽףֳ˺üÿйæµš
ŴŵһɹʮͬʱʹõݣݵԱߣŴʹ޴ĺһСͬĽԭʯӵص
󴿶Ȳ
ʹϵĽʯ඼ɫڣ˽ͨҲʲôŵģǻƽ֮ɢԣȴ޷ҶӦ
ǵȻڿնҲŵǰġ±ԺЦʱ˵棬ʮ˴˳
ȥɡ
ȹ˶󣬳±кҶʵԭҪ¿ĹһȥģֽҶǹͣ±ҲûҶЩ˼һ
Ȼ׳µİ
߽Ҷ첻ҡҡͷֻ£밲װõĵݸǲܵģʵһ̵ĴӣȫϵĲôߡ
ȥΧĹҲÿʮ׵ĵطһƵСƣ߳˽תġꡱûбˡ
ڵһٶ״ǳ˺üӵʱ䣬µ󶴵ײʱһ׼ȥĹѾ
ŨĽ֮󾮵棬Ҷ¶˾ݡ


795 ص׿
ҶеСӵͬײʮֵؿΧ޽ģ߶ʮףڵƹ·һڽɫĿʯұڡ
ЩұϣʮͨʱЩͨдʾйæµš
һÿ쿪ɳĻƽֵߴԪϣֹӶ˺ܶ๤ʵƣһ̲ͣشȡӴĲƸ
֮۵Ǿͳ˽ɷ֮ѹֻܵ˺
֮ԭʵʲô˺ģΪÿϻٶһЩԣڿе֮Զܾ⣬ֻܶ档
֮ʧ⣬ĳһֵ֮׳Եͻɷǽ֮תΪɷ֮еʵɷɼˡ
Ҷܸоõ˿˿ƵĽ֮ЩƮɢ˴֮Уķһͨȥ˵ϣķԺʹЩ֮òйջ֮£γ˽ɷ
ֻһڿ󶴵ײĽ֮ǵõйùȴϰ壬ҪҶ첻ĻȻ໹мԻʮġ
ôŨĽ֮ѵ
ſеҶ첻֮ǰռһ˵һԣЩ˵ݣͷųʶ
ˣôĽΪξȻûڣ
Ƭ֮Ҷ¶ȻɫΪͷųʶ̽ףûзȴϡԶԶԼĿռ䡣
Ҷ첻֪ԵֻлƽУֻҪǽɢֻԶƽ̺ˡ
Щɢնںϵ˿֮УΪеһ֣ҲؼԵԴ
γɵǼΪ̣˵нģǶҲǵǸˣӦΪʳΪϻ
ҪҪȥȵһȥ֮󣬳±кҶһ
±ĻҶջʶҡҡͷ˵ˣһΪµܼ񵽻ƽأǰŲһ»ûʲôͷ
ղʶĿ̽ҶѾоˣ˿˿ƵǴӿδĿʯдġ
Ȼÿʯ̺Ǻܶ࣬ܲסصȫǽʯһҲͱóŪԴҶҲʧȥȥ¡
ǺǣЩʯǿʲôģǵ¾ȥ
±Ҷ컰ûио֣ǰҲжԽοµ棬ǵıֱҶӵĲǻǵĿͷȵĿռ䣬ʹǼǸҪȥ
ãϢһᡣ
ȻҲ۵ľ󣬵׻˵СҲ⣬Ҷôվת˹ʱܵĿεزڿ˿˿ƵҲɵڡ
¿ռһٶͬʱţʱǽʱ䣬˴ʮӵʱ䣬ֻص˿󶴵ײҶһȺȴĹһϵ˵档
ϵܣôϸûƭѣ
Ҷո·߳˿ڣ־ӭЦǿɲϵ˴ģ߰ɣͱȸˣǺȵȥ
ҶڵΪ׽ѾǷ豹ˣӱϿȥͨûʲô𣬵Ҷλ߶еȴ޷εģȻܿó
ãǾ߶һٷˡ
ֳҶҲû󳡵Ĳ
ֺܻˣ󳡵ĲΪϰ壬ֶǺͿͬĵطԵһʳ˿ˣùԱʱ˸
ϵܣһζôڿɳԲģ
Եĳ˳±֮⣬Ҳָ˹Ҳ˵ĵطΪ΢һٷѣʹûڱǰ˵ܶûˡ
һ㣬ȸ
ҶСʱéɽûٻҰȻûмɿһ˵һơ¶Ǻе;ǺҪҧɿȸζ治ԵҶͷ
ϵܣ㿴¯Ƕǽ֮⣬ʲôҪĶû
ǰֲὫԼͿ󳡵ķˮϵǽҶôһ˵ֱֹھ̲סҶ
ûжҪĶˡ
ҶҡҡͷкȻһ£ֽЯıõǰͳ˸˵磬ӴĿ󳡲٣֪ûм
˵ŻҶ콫ǿֻĴָСɫϡ
׻˵һ˼ƶǳҶԼͨμŲιȥѰЩ̫ˣ뵽˽
һֿǿͺͽĲϣҲǼΪģֻͨԱܳһЩô˵ڵĵطһ𣬵ڴһڵġ
ʲô
ֽӹֻĴָСüͷ
Ҫ֪ȻĻ̶ȲǺܸߣжû꣬Ըֽ֪ʶ˽⣬¾ڵѧԺְĽڣûḻ
һʯֻ϶׼жϳǽҶóȴǽָסˣûмֽϡ
ֽ۵ǳĸߣܽ⣬ǽİ
Ҷһ£˵磬ҿԽҴ˭ûУ
ȻҲǼ󣬵ȣȴǲԶˣҶͷкü飬͸ͷС𣬶˵ҲֻǼС¡
ĥ˰죬̲סʵֽܹأ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ǵǣһȫûãǶ˵ҪҪпϾĻһ¡
ɣû⣬һͷ͸Ǵ绰ֵ˵ͷ֮;ܺҶⲻ˽ѣȻԸġ

Ҷ־ٱʹʱ򣬾뿪նǧ֮Լ˹ȴԵ÷ƽ˾ʵϰǰӿԭΪкü̾֯ͬʱϷǾ棬֧ǽӶԼ˹
ϷǾڵһʱͱýԼ˹ϷǻƽʯһÿΪϷṩž޶ĲƸǿɲЩӶϸɳʲô
ֻϷǾεǣ֧ӶڽԼ˹֮ܿʧȥӰ٣ϷǷЩ͵޴¿ڵĸо


796 سռ
ӿնصԼ˹һһǧٶ๫ľ룬ڵӢڽͨϻ˺ܴһ򣬼Ϸǵعϡмͣҽ󣬵ڶʱǸϵԼ˹
Ը磬ǵһԼ˹ɣ
ڼʶֶҶ̬Ⱥ󣬻ҲʶҶ첻֮ͬҶ飬ƺҲԸ磬˾ӣһ·ܹ˵û仰
Ҷ쿴Ŵľɫ˵ͷ˵ǰϷҶǵһ
ҪúԸ䣬Լ˹Щģ
ʻ뵽еĳк󣬻ָŵ·ĸ¥ã˵Լ˹ϷĳУҲĲģлƽ֮ǵȣնؿˡ
ĻȻЩţҶǰģȷһʴеò˿ѾҹĻ٣еƻͨϵ޺ʣִеķΧ
ţܲŦԼˣطܷ
ֳ˻ĳУҶ˵ͷ֪ʮг֮һԼ˹ƱҲǷ޽ھΪһС
ҶоЩǣƻͨĳнֵϣȴʮֵ٣ҲǺܶ࣬·Ҳʻô
ֵĳСҶҡҡͷҲû򻪾ѯʣЩģÿҹͱúе˿ڶͻȻʧһ㡣
Ը磬ס£ȥԼ˹һιۣ˽⵽ϷǵĽ󿪲ʷ
ȻзǳϤһ·ϸҶԼ˹ĸҹСʱ󣬳ʻһǼƵĴſڴ
ֽ˳ھƵǰ̨һһŷߵɳȴҶߣ˵Ը磬סѾˣҺͲϢˣһٹ
λ̶֪Ҷ˴ṩʽҶܵĴȻǼߵģҾƵԼ˹һǼƵֻ꣬ҶסΪκ˾Ļ磬ֻȥסƵ겻ǺԶĶùˡ
ãҶıվ壬еǸоҪʲô鷢һ㣬طȥһµġ
Ը磬ЩһҪ˵°
ҶҪߣæס˵Ը磬Ƶռܴ󣬸ղǽʱ򣬵·ԵʩǾƵģĳҹܻᶼУʲôԡ
֪ôˣҶЩֵؿۻ黹ҪרŶ
ҡҡͷ˵Ը磬ҵ˼ǣ棬ھƵ귶ΧھͿˣǧȥ
ôȿնصΰң
Ҷüͷһ͸ԼڿնؾƵ귿Ĳۼٰ
ʵʩģΧûκȥֹٵǸŮ˶ϵؽԼǮ˷·ѾϰΪˣҶĿ֮£Ҳ˽Ϸǻҵΰ
ֹǱȿնػңԸ磬ղڳϣΪʲô𣿡
¶˿Цε˵Ϊеķʼߣû˸ϳţǾ춼ᱻ˴ٵġ
Ȼôң껪ĽߣҶҲ¶Ȼɫʲôƽ֮ǰ֮ࡣ
ҶĲϲҫ۵£ڷٵı£ģߵķʣͬԿ֮
Ϸǵʧҵʸߴ40%ʧҵо󲿷ȱܡ̶ȵµĺˣǮ;ǹ֧ķģΪҡ
ΰĶʹ¼żʣһͻգϽײϷǵĴʱ˾ò߽Ǩƣлܲƶ
⣬·յʱҲǨƣĲֲҹܻ̹ţʹĻƽ֮ϱһĳУһҶ֮ǰǰ塣
ã֪ˣǻȥʱҲСĵ㡣
ϷǻҵΰҶ쵹νֻôϲЩֳѣǹ򻹲ڷоء
ӽ뵽֮ҶָоչȻҪľΪͬǱزٵģ֮ศȱһɡ
Ը磬İɣҴżһء
Ц䣬һǹ˳ȴǲ֪ӼһʱҶѿЯˡ
ǻҶλھƵ¥ķŵʾȥϴּϴһ£ͻһҶûпȥëתΪںг϶йζˡ
˼죬Ҫ𣿡
ϴɾҶ컻һɾ·˷Ų輸ǰ۾ռ֮ǰҪԡիǾηأʵȴڵԼ״̬ѡ
˺һᣬҶó˰ͨڵöͭǮȻҶΪĿǰΪֹûҵȴͨõռ
·;ϣҶҲһ£ֻ󲢲ǺͻһֲȡͭǮռֱ˿̣ҶʱԼһԡ
ͭǮĦһ£ҶֽϣͭǮȥ˷Σõȴеسռ֮ÿһε󶼱μС
ȻǶسԣ̵ģ׼ʲôֶΣȻľ棿
Ҷһ֮ϲ¶𾪵ɫسسǣһ㶼سΪͨǼ顣
Ҷһسԣسԣɽãسǽʾս䣬Ƿǲһߺ
Ҷһߣ˼ָȻܽ⣬ҶȻһ£૵ˣֽŰ
ռ䣬Ҷÿ󼸺ڵһٶ׵ֿռҶ죬ҲһЩͲΪ̮ѣҲӲȥġ
ҪЩĽĳЩԤ֪ѣһѵ飬ֻҪװЩըҩͿ԰ҶڵˣϷֵطȥѵԭġ
ģҪռһԣҪԴ
Ҷͷðһϸܵĺ飬ҲܵģǣԼ飬ܹܵɱΣȻҶ¼ǰЩԤУڵصҲ
ҲҪԼڹӲҶЦһ˻ȻΪ澫ʼմһ˿ηҲ޼ɵضԼݡ
ţ˭绰ң
Ҷոսɢ󣬱ĵ绰ȻʱϷõһ룬ֻȼ˲֪ġ


797 Լ
Ҷ
Ҷֻ룬ֻм˲֪Ȼһͨ绰ʹ洫˳
ʲô飿ͦôҴ绰ģ
Ҷ첻Цڶ˹µǼǣܴȻѾȥĸˣһֱûϴɣ챻˹عԱƷˡ
ǲˬ˵Ҷ治Ҳ2000ѣһ춼ͣ
ˣ˵£æءҶԴĻûȫ꣬û
ðɣҶǲϷʲôˣ
ţôô˵ʲô𣿡Ҷ¶һ˿ȻɫŸոݳһЩߣȻѾ֪ˡ
ϰ壬ο˰
ϰԵĽƺĳϰ壬Ц˵֮ǰ޺ͷ޵֧֧ӶӵӶĿĵؾϷǣϰ壬˶Ը㣬벻˭Ҫôֱʡ
˵ȻҶǰԵúܲ԰ףӶСӣӶҲǶģ˹Ȼ٣ҲǱ鼰أȱľϢԴ
ʱӵһӶ͵ĵ绰ѯǷʱ䣬ԸԸһϷǵĹӶ⣬˵һ׮ڵ
νӶֻǺĳνʵֻҪǮǿŻԺɱʲô鶼ɵģΪʣúڰһʱˡ
ԸԶ˹عԹ˲Ͼйȥ񣬵һھ͸ؾˣֻڹҶϵ绰ǰȻ뵽ҶϷǣŶ˼䡣
һ׷ʣһѾɢ˵ĺڹѸӶžȻҲ˹Ӷ⼸֧Ӷ飬ҲӶȦռһϯ֮صǿӣ֪ǵƻҪ֧Ե߸һСȨˡ
ǺڹѸӶţӶǴĴڣȻԸҲܲϣǵʻŶӵ϶ȣԼӶŶԶڹѸӶš
ϰ壬ǵǲȥԸģ
Լ˽˵ϰ壬֪⼸֧ӶĺڹѸָӹٴûʧ֣ҪСĵ㣡
Ӷ˻ʮ꣬Ȼ֪һӶŵ겢ֵߵˣָӹ٣Ҳж߻ߡ
һϸָӹ٣׳̶ȣѵжСĴɵľҲ֪ԼͺڹѸӶָӹ֮Ĳࡣ
лл㣬֪ˡ
ĽߺҶ˵ͷ˵ҪǲùĻȥǰɣҿԸҼ˵񡣡
绰Ҷ컹ǺģȻսдգҶڵȫһ֪ϢǰһЩ׼
ϰ壬֪ˣʵڻ첻ȥĻҾȥͶ㣬ԸСİ
һ˿˷ܣ֪ڹѸӶҶ죬˭ܹʤȻӿôӶ˹ǧɱҶ졣
Ǭϣһһϣȡкˡ
Ҷϵ绰ҶĿַϣʱ¼ķλ̯ԼĵͼҶȻԼ˹λãԼ
ģԭﶯ˼Ҷһ˿⣬ǰռ֪г»Ǿһ
Ҫ֪ϷǵĻƽԴȻܷḻ¶츻ȴǲ࣬һĽ󶴶Ҫ°ףԷҶ󶴺ըҩըҶоҲҪˡ
ȻǺ̡
ҶЦһ¶ɱһ֮󣬴ӱ﷭һɫ·ϰɫ
׻˵ҲϰҶƽǴС͸Ҷ콲׷Ĺ£ҶûѧᣬΨǾ䡰ԴҪɨҶһ顱ĻμС
·Ҷ첢ûмųţڷд֮䣬ͷͱռشƽƵ꣬Ҷʶ
Ȼڶҡ
״̬£Ҷľ쳣ֻҪ˼άܱĲ׽
ϸһ̽飬Ҷʱ֣ھƵһֳĸ¥طԶĿԼ䡣
Ҫ˵ڼҶЩҲʮֵظǲû۾Զй۲죬ǼԶĻͨĻϡ
Щûֱ۵ȥҶ죬ҲʹҶӵĸоڽ뵽Ƶ֮ûвҪǸղͶȫȥӦҶ컹Ƿֲеè塣
˵òЩ˻Ǹְ
ҶҡҡͷΪ뵽񾳽ʱ򣬾ͨӦΣҶڸ۵Ǹǰɱ֣ͨϵɷжϳġ
ڽ֮Ҷ԰ٱķŴˣӵȺ˿Ҷһۣﷴ¶ԷȻö֮ؼԶԼɼ˼֮ܣȻǵһ㡣
ԼǴˣ
Ҷͷðһϸڽ֮Ǿ˹һսȴԼͬһ֮⣬ҶȷԴ֮ģûͨ˺Լһϡ
ԼͲҪҶĳˣ
Ҷ۾ڴǰתһȦ֮˴ͬʱڵĴƶˣ˴ӵӣյ谵Ĵͷ̨ҲϨˡ
Ҷļڵȴһ֮󣬽Ϣ˳ȥǵȷҶ첢û뿪Ƶ귿䣬ҶһЩҪƵƶ
ֻǲ֪յ̨ƹصͬʱҶϢس˾Ƶ귿䣬ûгݣǴӰȫͨµƵһ㣬Աͨ˾Ƶꡣ
;Ƶڲ벻ͬԼ˹Ľֵȴ쳣ƻͨĴϿӰżᴫĺС
Ҷαһɫ֮УشԼ˹ĴСڽҹղһ˿ƣҶҲûж÷֮
ʹˣҶٶҲѸޱȣͨСӵʱ򣬻˳˼ѵ׼ĳֻ˶ļһĺᣬҶ·ҹķʴʷ͡
Լ󣡡
СʱҶѾԶԼ˹ĳģ˾Լ˹ʮ๫ĵط˳·ƵĴҹսȥһεĴųҶǰ
Ա߸ߴ׵ƾΧǽͷĵһ䱸ɭϵĵط
Լ˹ֵĵһ󣿡
Ҷ֪Լ콫Ҫι۵Ľ󼸺ŨԼ˹Ĳɽ棬Լ˹εˣһὫΪι۵ѡ


798 ר
ѾϢˣ룬ǾͿ뿪طˣ
Լ˹нһƼı˿һĺһæľһŶôŻбʼǱˣȻ̧ͷ¥һ䡣
ӣҪȷһҹڷ
Ӷ¥һԴǸһͷ𷢵ˣͦıϼһ˿۾òʮ˹ţȥһڴѧν̵ʦһ㡣
˼ļ֮⣬֪ˣǺڹѸӶŵųʮҶбͨļ¼ȻⲢӰ͵ɵЩңȥһЩ˿ɵ
ڹѸ֣ǽרõģΪе˵ӣһĶ˹ѸֱõӶŵĳƺϣҲΪӶһ档
ȥΪ˽ԭ뿪ӶһӶֻܽɢΪִǿӶԱȱ˽󣬾ʧȥ꣬ûκڶá
𣬷İɣڿ϶˯ͷһ
ںسŶ¥һɤӣ˫紩ڼϲţҶ쿴ͻ֣ᷢڵĻϵĻ棬Լڲṹͼ
ģҪ⣬˺ѶԸ
źһֽӶ¥˵Ҷˣ911ֳҵʱǴӶʮĸ¥ģ˵⡭
Ϊһָ֧ӹ٣Ҫǵǳ࣬ʱõϺϸ¼ҶȥǺ顣
Ϣ׻֪ͬǰĪ˹Ʒ׮Ұģɵǣ˺ɱ¾ǾȻҲҶ죬ҪԸȫͬ
ýĵ˾裬ΪԼӶСӱȶ˹Ҫǿ󣬽ģ˼ƻܵϮɱ֮⣬ҰȻˡ
ҲͲˡ
ȻԽäĿģʼ˵˿ǽģ˸Ѹ
ΪĵԸ֣Ȼ䲻󣬵ȴĵԺڿͣʮʱƽǴ¥磬㽫ķȨС
߲Ȼ󲨣Ϊ£̨ձض磬һĺڿҲȡκεϡ
Ȼˣȴ֮Уʮȹĺǩʮ֮ڲӴԵЭ飬Żͷ˳
СͷǳֵĿģȻԼӹӹµµĻһӣڱͷŵĵ£ľڼʧˣʧһҹ¡
û˻֪ʱҲʮĿģǱյ֯ЩûпģڹѸӶŰٷ֮ٵʣ޷ˡ
뵽˺ڹѸӶŵĿģҲչڵױȵ츳ںüεͨԿĳЩԵ࣬ʹöٶ˳
ĵĴֹԶȻҲǺڹѸӶŲɻȱǻȨǵλҪȽ࣬Ķ
ģ֪ΪʲôֲõĸоҪʲô顭
Щƣüģ˵ˣ㰲װըЩλȷ󾮸ס𣿡
֮ܳΪӶŵΪһҰްֱǿñȳҪ߳ĴԣŴ˺ڹѸĺպ
İɣҷˣֻҪܽըҩúãĿоҲ̣
ĶԽĻЩΪȻõԷĸֹ죬Ļļ㣬֧ΪĵطͬʱĻϷϵĿ󾮺ܻܿһ
ǲҪ⣬ģ֪ͨŵ櫣һСʱҸŻߴ绰Ƿڷ
˵ʱ򣬱Ȼ˲ٺͿĳæվӭ˳ȥ
£ô
ӳǸˣɫЩţ֧겻٣ͬҲҪִܳߣըϣ˵ȥԸҶˡ
𣬷İɣֻΪϻ̮ģҿ°װըоĿѵרҲ鲻ġ
µ¶ŵЦݣȷҲʸ˵һΪıרңֻҪһЩƷƷڶ̶̵ļھһը
Ǿͺá
ϴʾȫΣ˵ǿ˯ȥˣϷӺö࣬һ춼Ͼ뿪
ʵҪ뿪Լ˹ԭ򣬺ͷ˿кܴĹϵףԸʧܣҲԸԼĶ¼

ʵڿ´ӿ󾮴뿪ӺҶξͳԼ⣬ûżȥΧΧǽ߶ϰ֮õĽ
ϷǵĻƽȴ18;ͿʼˣصһҹǷ׷ӿ뵽ڵʱªĿɹߺ豸ܳɹҵ˲Ǻܶࡣ
18ĩһ죬һλʧİĴԽԼɽϿƵȥͻȻһʯͷЩ
λԽ߽ʯͷΪ˷йƵĹߣصһ棬һţ߳Լ˹Ĵ棬Ϊһ麬ߵĽʯ
ԼСɽ壬ΪԭģǳΪϷĳУϷǵľģеһУȴеһš
ҲԼƣҪ˽Լ˹ʷ߽ѱ˵Ľ󾮣ٺò;ˡ
ΧŸߴΧǽʮףҶ뵽ΧǽһٳֵʱѾ뵽˿
ֵǸˡ
ĵ潨ռĹ㣬ڵƽ𿪲ɵ߷ʱס˰ٶ󹤣޽˲ٶʮļªľݣΪʷЩѲʱ˵ľݶԱ
ΪԼ˹ĵһԼʱѾΪһݣڸװͷȻѲҶ죬һһɫνУʧ˺ڰ֮С
ţǵĶǺܿ찡
Ҷͷųʶ˺ȻסˣھԼ߰˰ԶǸڴһ˿ɱҶýֺͷһǰ˸ɳġ
·㲻ߣƫȽЩצȥϵۣ
ҶƮһεڿ֮Уת۾˿ڣĴŴһյƹ⡣


799 TNT
ķô°ӶŲںڹѸɣ
ڿڵķУĸ棬һ߽׵׳ŸԳţ˲֧ͬӴģֵһʳָɫķש̳ɵĵ棬ȻǴܲһʳָͱС
ڲϵţ׳ȴûͣ»ңڣǶʺĹط浱ӶǸǴ򹤵𣿡
µ¶ٷɧҪܸɵͲ³Ȼˡ
ڷһͻȻһ˵嶼ڵƹ䲻Ľ֮Уſ˵һ˸޷Ĵڡ
ʮңһ¹˸ףһɳĮ֮ӥڲţһǹܣ͹һڽɫ
ҶӦɱǴɳĮ֮ӥɢȥģΪǹӵǱ˸䴩һȵװף˷ʤҶҲܵһ˿в
ģɵ³ɳˣ̧̫ˣֱǸ̬
ŸԳŵ׳˵Ļһû˫ָҲ޷֧Ӵص˵ذϣз˴صĴϢû˵Լվɵ²ȸɵͳװɣ
ɳ˵ĽȻǺڹѸӶŵָӹ٣ĴӶŵıΪԳûһδļµþˣÿεжָӶ
˳ɫָӹ٣ȻҲҪִߣ˾ɳ˵Ĳ³
ǰµĲ³ʮ֮꣬ΪӶȫǴ־ɱǿӲִնж³ڹʲôȫսʿͽϵȱ
Ӷºš̹ˡ׳µ¶ȻԸɳ˶֣ҲǷŰ۲˵ˣڳӶʱ򣬿ɾŲ³Ĵɳġ
ˣʱ䵽ˣЫӵӦˣ
ڷмһʮͷվӶŵųķлʱ򣬴ӿʹһŲĸ˴Ӻڰ˳
Ы𣿡
ķӭǰǸˣԶʱͣס˽ŲЫӶӶһֱ̫ãڳԺڵûٸɡ
һ֧ӶӺЫӶսϺս֧Ӷȫ𣬿ЫӶûһˣҲӶûѡ
ЫӶӶ÷ˮҲ֮ģǿĻ棬ɳĮеЫһ㣬ܶԵ˷Ĺ
ķǼȻ񣬵Ȼɵģ
ºŶЫ¶һ˿ЦݣӿڴóһңСٺЦķֻҪһ⣬ǽ¾ͻһĢƣϵۣǶô׳۰
ЫңбͰȥ
ķҲǾþɳˣԶԷһף»ͷкɣȫȥʣµͲǹˡ
һ֧ӶŽ˴˴ε񣬲ںڹѸ֮ʣ֧ӶŶһڽ¸˾ְ
ȻֵӶ𽫲κεĸı䣬ҲԸӽָӵҪԭ򣬷Щ˵ԣ˵ҪһڲĻƴ
Щ˵ĶǳѸص˶ڵĵƹ֮ǽԼʱĺۼȫˣܿ˺ڰ֮Уھ֮߰Ҷȴ֣֧ӶСӣͬǷǽġ
ȻԸҵģǲ鰡ףôˣ
߰˸˵ӰΧǽҶһɱ׷ȥʱͷȻһ˿¶ͷƤһ飬һӺ֮ϣ˲䲼亹
ô£ڿ﾿Щʲô
ӽ뵽֮ȻŶ˹ǧҶҲûгָֹоһ˫ֽ߬סȻҶֽҪϢĸо
˲ȥ׷뿪ЩˣҶ˿תȥ
ڴӿǸ侭ʱҶʳָȻһһɾ뵽˷У׼ȷػ˴ϵ˵Ѩϣʱ˿ĺ
ʵҶͷˣɷĽξһа˸ˣǴ˿̶˯֮Уȫ֪һѾƱڽвιһˡ
˽뵽˯кҶ뵽˿ͿնصĿ󶴲࣬ǰʮ׺һռжʮƽǸСһݳҶǰ
ղŲûݵ
Ҷһ£ĿɨһۺͣݵĶ߽ǵط壬Ÿղż˵Ϣ
첽ߵǴ䣬Ҷ鰴ȻһᣬһʮּͱݺύѾ˼ˣ¶׵Ŀ󶴡
Ҷ콫ķŵһߣèǶ˽ȥ˳ݴµĸ¿ٻȥ
ôֱʣ
Ҷ½˵ʮ׵ĵطֺȻһͣǴұڵʱͷƤʱըһ㣬ͷ
ҶĿ⼸ƽұϣһȦԼʮֵĻɫʣͨһܣĻɫ̬У߸ɢ΢źŵĵ
ģЩȫҶ˿˲ƽڸղ뿪Щˣеɱȴǲ
ȻҶٶ˶ԵУʶըҩҶʮʱΪˮը㣬ӿɽĿ͵һЩըҩѧ֮רſըҩ֪ʶ
ҶϳұϻһܵĻɫ壬ըҩ֮һTNTըҩ
ըҩÿɲ420򽹶ǹըҩұըʸƽ⣬жһ̼ʲڵ¹̱ơ
ƿһܣЩըҩٽϣҪ֪TNTըҩܴݻһӣٶTNTըҩտռ䱬ըĻһСС͵ĺ˵ˡ
ҶķŭԴڴˣЩʹTNTըҩһ֮󣬲󶴶̮ΧԲʮҲܵӰ죬Σʮֵش
ЩըҩҶĺҲһɾҪι۵ģԷҶ¾ʱըҩĻҶ޳ɽ𵤣¶һġ
ҪըңûôףԼըҩζɣ
Ҷ¶һ˿ЦȻָ֣צұһץʱһӤȭͷСTNTըҩץ
̺׹ܵըҩҶץеĵطһСһĿ


800 
湻ݵģ˸׹ͬʱЩըҩĻǶҲҪʬ޴ɣ
СĿϵҶһһǺ׹ŵЩ̬ըҩȡ˳ЩҶĶͷҲǲ亹ղŵǷΪȻ˼
Ҫ֪TNTĿǰC-4ըҩȻΣգȴַǳȫΪǲЩڻҩ΢Ħͻ
ߵռڱ˵ЩӶˣͨĿɽӦߵңװãװõԭʮֵļ򵥣ֱ뷢ͽսɡ
Ҷ챳Щ׹һĴָСĵװãǽսһǽյңҲǱյֱ뷢źţϾ׹ܺٽըҩ
˵һװãܽЩըҩģԷһװ˰˸ȻͬʱЩըҩʹӵĳ̶ȣն֮һ˹
ЩңѾȫҶըҩȡ˳ڿұϵըҩҲ޷Ҷ֪Щ˰󿴵󶴺޷Ӧʱɫ
ȻҶЩըҩҲ10üҲǲСըһǴ´ģҶûз£˵ҲܵһЩ˺
Ȼˣȥ̽һ°ɡ
װúҶ쿴׵Ŀ󶴣ðһͷ׻˵ӲΣǽ֮£ҶɲµٽըҩĿ֮УһԷбֶΣɾǲˡ
һһųҶ£ƮƮ潵ȥٶףһֶӺҶ˫ŲŲȵ˵档
̵ģô󰡣
µ󾮵ײʱҶͷųʶһ֮̽£϶ʱ¶ȻɫΪվĵط˷п󶴵Ĵڣһ޴ĵԹһ㡣
صԭûйߴڣΪӭε󣬿󶴵ڵ°װϵͳҶµк죬Χĵƹ
Ǹοѽ
ѭŵƹҶ´ǰұͨǽϣȫӦǾʮʷúѰȫҲĵһǸˡ
ͨߵǽϣǾµġϵͳϵʽЩڡĦ롱ھҵϢʱ򣬾Ҫ߹ѶϢ
Ҷʶ΢Ӧһ£һرĿȥνĿҲԵģԼףֻףм仹иһ׶Ĺ俪ɳĽʯġ
ȸСȫ
ľĿҶ췢֣¿ռȻصףвоģھӢ￵³ȺüԵȻѾǱȿڵʷҪһЩ
ȤǣͨжΣһưɣɼϰ嵹ҲԻԼ׬Ǯͬʱչ˵ǵ
ҶϣҪ˽ϷǽĿʷʣΪϸ;ʮҶֹͣɵģŨϷǴ˹ƽִ̡
ţû·ˣ
֮Ѿ˾ͷҶͣס˽Ųӳ˹˴ɲΪ˲ι۵ģǷ̺Ҷĵġ
ϥ˵ϣ˫΢΢зһҶͷȴԪʶϰĴ͸ԭͺޣҶʶ̽ΧĿռ䣬ֻڿҰ֮С
¿ʱͻᱻʮףټϽڶٻһЩԵҲӰ쵽ҶʶԪϵķʽӺʡ
ͼǰͬھںϽ֮ҶΪѾȫȹڣǵԪҲüۺͱȫһǸСҶһ㡣
ҶʱԪ񣬻ɫģֻжȹԪӤ׽ٵԪǲԪ񣬿԰ھ֮ϣڵҶ죬ҲܳϸףԶδˡ
̽µҶڵԪ㹻ˣ֮Ԫһ㣬Ϣ˿󶴵ĵصϣȥ
غأӦԪҪȿ˺ܶ࣡
ҶԪ뵽ʮ׵ʱ򣬶ʱо˷һѹгδɴһЩʯɢĽ֮⣬Ҷûһ
ҶǰҲͷԪ̽µΣεĸȴǵһΣҲ¼ѲĹϵ
ֵص״ѹˮмΪƣһֺٵĸоҶԪģ˾Щ֮⣬ǻܳܵס
ףôҶԪ뵽ʮ׵ʱǰľסˡ
һԼʮ׵ĵܶһƬռڣżŨĽֻǵǴѷһ߿СһĽʯǶռ
ҶȻǣЩʯɫ󶼱ú̺ƺɢܶҶԪסһʯȴ֣ʯڵȻ΢΢ˡ
⾿ôһ£
߰˿ʯҶʹѣϷѾ߸ˣΨ﷢ȴʧȥӦеļֵʹҶ콫ЩʯھİҲ΢΢ˡ
Īǻƽ𱻿ɴԭ򣿡
ҶͷȻðһ뷨ĴǵǸҪ󣬵߲ͬǣǴδ򣬶һȴǿϰ꣬мֵĽʯɳˡ
Ҷǵʱͷ֣ǾĻƽ𣬴ԽߣҲ˵ԻƽӦаģ֮ƽǷҲĴأ
ʵҶĲ벻γʮֵĿ̣ڽ֮УҽĺҪʮֵĴȻɢȼߵĻƽ
ͬǣƽɢĽ֮ҲһַãʯģֹҪʱ䡣
ƽɳȥ֮Ҳʧȥ˲ϣδɵʯֻ£ͻɳٽ
Ҷֵ⴦ռ䣬߰˿ʯеȫľ֮ܶڵұͻʯĳɷתǧ꣬һµĻƽ
׷һֶܲܿذɣ
Ҷ첢֪еԭίܶŨҶԪϵСͻȻһţһӿдһ糤ˮһ㣬ԴԴϵؽЩ˽ȥ
ͬʱҶԪƺгһϵ˿˿Ƶӵ뵽Ҷڡ


801 
ЩҪչһʱˡ
Ȼܶڵ඼̲Χʯˣһֱ˹ȥ京Ҳǲ٣Щմ֮кҶԪȻֹ͵ĸо
ֻǰļξ飬Ҷ֪չؿɲôһ飬Ϊһչ֮󣬶գ£ͲܿƵˣԣڲǱչصĺʱ
˷ˣܱʲôûǿ
һǼ鼸ܱ߿ʯһʯҶźҡҡͷȻõ˵ôЩһʯ̺ľ߰˿ʯҶɽڻ߸һˡ
Ҷ첢֪ΪȴǶ⴦ϣȻʹҶ֪Ҳںģǧţٳθء
ȡЩ˵ͣıҪҶ߳󶴣ԭ·ȥ
ϲըҩǾǺúõ棡
ǰըҩĵطҶ¶һ˿ЦһŰסȥʱɵشиĶڷȥһϢؽڸڸסˡ
Ҷ󶴵ʱ䲢ǺܳǰҲʮӵӣſȻףЩ󳡵ĹԱ˿֪Լڻɽ˯һ
Ǻסͬһ򰡣
ҶһֳʱЩȥķӶС뿪ʱҶ˼ǺţֻҪ̫ԶҶ춼ҵǡ
ѭԼѰȥҶһɭϵ˽ұ⣬СŸ߸ߵΧǽ濴ȥǸռ󣬸ʩӦоУסǵκ
ΧǽͷȻЧķЩͽͺڰӣȴû̫İ취ҶʩʩȻһΣһȴϣԶת
ףôСģǻҪ
Ҷƿʱȴִķ϶һϸ緢˿һ˹һСֻҪҶ򿪴ڴ̨ϣϾͻᷢ
ʵҶ첻֪ӶеҲǽԴڿ׬ǮģұؾͲ˵ˣҪԸ˻Щ壬Ҳʵǿ󱳾ģܶӶ˵ˣһ˵ĵؽͱɵˡ
оӶǣ϶ǽԼİȫڵһλģΪֻбȫԼĿԣҪĲִ٣ЩӶסΧװ߱װõġ
ЩСϷȻѲҶ죬Ԫ߽ʱˣֻû뵽ҲһУһ͸ǸС
һƣӴˣҶè˽ȥûзκε졣
һ˵ԵˣҲеģʱҶȫë׾Ǿǿˣ޷֪ҶĴڡ
һʮ˸ˣס㣬ÿ㻹Զзһ˰
Ҷʶͷųȥξ۵ף֣Լڵһ¥ڣ¥СסˣһǺ¶ԣţʮֵǿ
㻹ǿҰôֱʣ
ҶЦһ£˺üΣȻ֪ЩӶļ룬Ϊ˸ɵԼǴѪˡ
ɱ˺ɱ֮ɱңҪ׼Ҷ¶һ˿ɫһڷζһ¥ŵĴ󺺺Ȼоһ裬Դͳ˯ȥ
ҶڷвһһûǹõԲ̵ʱ۾һӱͳһ͵׹ܵTNTըҩǸ֮С
УҶһ˷õҩоһըҩըҩȻҲһأЩȥϵۻǳݵˡ
㣬ҶⶰһȦ֮󣬱ըҩѾȫʹ˳ȥҶͲһĴˣĿ˾͵ͬˡ
ӽǸ˳ȥҲһԭҶû˿ĺۼҹ׳ҲֻΪԼ˸ỳǱ뵽ǵķС
еС˰ɣ
ҶҪؾƵʱԱߵһŵƹıдļԻҶվס˽ţ뵽˺ڰ֮С
ΪҶ췢֣˵ϾȻҲͷųһ˿ӦҲǴǽгġ
ƻΪʲôıˣԭȲֻҪǵص׵Ŀͺ𣿡˵ȻʽںڹѸӶǺټģǶѾϰ˷ӽָӡ
ϻƵɣҡҡͷ˵£ǵĶֺǿ󣬿δؾأұҪһʧ
ĿˣҪ֪ĺǲǿԳܵİ
˵ĿǺڹѸӶŵı֣ԭѾȥڿﰲװʮTNTըҩǿ̮һɡ
û뵽Ȼı˼ƻЫӶЯٽըҩ󶴣һ¼ɾʹˣΪٹըҩһը񶯲ͶԼ˹һѡ
ӶΪֶǲ٣ÿϻԼĵߵģȻִ˽ﲢӽл󣬾ͺͽִ
ǿ£Ӷŵ⼸Ҳ˽Ҫ֪Щըҩ⽫һ911Ĵ¼һ˲ǺڹѸӶΪģϣҲûǵ֮ˡ
£ǵ뷨֪
Щε̯̯֣˵ǴҵĽǶȳҪжŵһʧΪǸйˣܿгģǿδܶԸ
⡭ôܰ
˻һڣеļ˾ɫ䣬¸Ǽʵ֪гΪλ׮ǻѴҶģ
ҲҪͣ
һֱڷнĬһˣҲ̧ԴȥǺڹѸӶŵĻ֣Ҳִ߲³Ǻ˼һϳģġ
ԭĲ³Ȼ˵Ӣһźܸ˵ӣڵĲ³ȴ쳣ؿֲĶͷʵ°ϣƤȫǱצץһǡ
³£Ҳǽӵ֮󣬲ŴӶԷǰ﷢ֵġ
¶˿ЦⵥϿʼռҶеϣռԽ࣬ԽǷ
֪ҶܺͶ˹Ǽй֮ͿȷҶЩгˡ
֮жϣΪǵӶţһˣǴǼȫ


802 
ǰʱ򣬺ڹѸӶŽӵһ񣬸𱣻һλ˹ʯʹ࣬ǰ˹˵Ȩõʱ©ΪԼĲȡ˾޶ĲƸ
λʯʹҲ֪ܳкܶ˶ԼһֱӢΪһ鲻òȥ˹ŹӶ˺ڹѸӶš
Ϊ˱İȫʱ𻨷˺ܴľƶ˰еͻ¼˽ȥ⻹Ƿˡ
һҹһ˾ֱɱ뵽Ǹʯʹסׯ԰ΧİԱ͵ֵסͨӵϣȻûκεɱ
ôڼĻǰĽһӶ˻ô꣬δôǿˣ˵Ѿǿòˡ
׻˵Ǯ֣˹ӶȻùܵκε˺ׯ԰λͷϵڷãʽͣס˽Ų
鲢ûнɢ󣬽˾Ȼ֣˳϶һЩ˺ۺ·ȫջ֮⣬ûܵ˺
˵Ҳŵı仯ԭһװ˶ͣȻή˺ܶ࣬ɫë첿͹ȥ񻰴˵еһ㡣
˵˫ʮָȻʮѷذףЩΧİԱצ£ûκһ赲ĽŲһƶǣ쳣Ѫȡ
ƺ֪̽λʯʹĵطۿҪɱǸʱ򣬲³ߵǰ
ɱ¾³ʹǿĶ֣ȻűʤֵǿҲ׺֪ͨ˺˶Է֮󣬲³ȻһѺϽ̺ͶԷ
ò˵³սʮַḻĿ꣬ǶԷ۾ʺҪʹ䲻òȣһʱ䵹ǺͶԷɱѷѽ⣬Ѫ˽ĳߣ³ѹ·硣
³ץסһλᣬ˵һֻ˳Ĵ۾ǱԷһצץסţһֱظȫ˺ѿɫӸڻ
ڲ³˵ͬʱһ޴ıըҲ֮𣬳һŨ̺ʹ̱ǵĻҩζ
ɢȥʱ򣬽ϿһߵĻͲʯʹĴſڣոս³ƶǵǸˣǱмɢΧĵϡ
һĻڹѸӶŵ⼸ԱסˣȻǶһֱɱеľ˭û뵽ȥܵЩҴûбֳսĶӳȻʱ
³ҲûھһȺ漣شܵʮֵأҲǺڹѸӶɢҪԭ
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ڱڰȫϢҶ죬вɳǸԳʲôĿأȻǼһüңҶ첻ܷϣȷӵгĳ
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Լ·ϣְĸҶԼϣֻ֪ںŵҶҹѽһ
ڸҶ콲һ󣬻˵ˣԸ磬ԼÿӴοͺܶ࣬רҵĵΣҵʱͲȥˡ
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ҶдӦһȴǸнӶȻشƫƧοͼϹԱҲǧˣΪԼһˣµȥ֡
ԼԼ˹Ҳʮ·̣һСʱҶֿԼĸӢĸ
յĻ̲ͬȴַǷ߰δͳͣڽſڣһøڸԼŶӽŽ󶴵ע
˭뵽˷ǵըҩ
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ӳ󣬻ҶֱһͳļϵأһŻɫСĵŮܵ㣬λǹҽȥˣæԸɡ
У´ҪȥնأҪõ
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ٴʼձÿֹֻһֻĴͳҶȻһ
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Ȼʲô۵ˣףֱܴˣԶԶģҪ֪ҪɲǽǮܰ쵽ģûλڿϼ
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Ҷһһʶ絶Ůȥ˳ֵôɣǶԼģڵˣҶûĴϰߣǲϧ񣬼ʹǸδСŮ

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ŮˤͬʱҶоŮڵȻͷųǹʶ˳ȥҶӪճǸʬɽѪĻ棬ȴǳɹӳ䵽ŮԺ֮С
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804 
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Сλĸ󣬽ɽ˿ȥǰа෴ʱܽϵĴƭõתҺܺõסԼϿԽĳ
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805 
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СŮĻҶվס˽ŲղظӦŮԼĵ⣬ͬҲŮ˾棬ֻҶû뵽ŮȻԸ
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СŮĵһϵźҪҶ죬ɽ֪ԼıܴûȻĵԸǾһõѡˡ
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ҶҡҡͷתȥСŮȻЩڳ˵ûҶ쿴ֶԸȤ
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Ҷǰһͷųʶ۲СŮ壬Ȼͣס壬˵СѾͷǴˣͷٺƽϣ
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ҪҪըҩ
޺ջҶ¶˶ȤζЦݣ֪Ǹ˰ըҩȴûбʱɫ

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ھԼʮﴦһɽżĿĿзһȻɽʱѾԹȥˣװСŮϵͷȴֳľ˹ȥ
ģ֧Ӷˣ
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ڹѸӶŵռ³һ˰ڲϲţĻǸģˣһĸо


806 Ѫϴϣ
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ĵ۾ס˽ԲʷڴֻҪǸȻܶӵҲֻʬ޴棬ٹTNTڵĻѧЧӦһС͵ĺ˵ˡ
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ҡҡͷתһֱû˵˵磬㲻ǻкǿԳˣ
911¼ڻû꣬һȫ򷴿ֵ򲻵ѣ𲢲ʹЩըҩЩ°뱲ֻһڵضˡ
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һԵɫ࣬ղҶƵıһëȻĸоʼԼζҶľɱǷˣ
ͬʱı֣ҲʮֵߣǧԪӶڹѸӶţҪҶԴ￴ƵϵҶġ
磬Ҫ֪Ӷ˸չľˣڿǳˣ
𵭵ЦЦ˵ҿ㱣֤ЩҲɲĻһµģҪźڹѸӶŵı֤
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Ž˺һᣬóһԽƵʵ֮󣬿˵УǳˣɵǸļһҶһֱɻ
ѵˣֻӲͷƤȥˣ뿪ϷǵĻƱϷǵʧ̬չʲôԶǷȦҲܱɡ
磬лĿԽ﷢Щ˻ƣһǸ˵ͷɾ͸ģ
Ұˣ
ԽĻÿĵüͷֻڷһЩԭʼɭĲˣõͷϰߣִ˵Уȴһͽܵ顣

ھԼԼʮﴦԭһС򣬲Լλʮֵ⣬ڽͨҪ棬Լͣ󹤽ɢСҲʧȥ
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Ļ󣬽¶˺ֵɫ˵磬ǵ϶ǴģȨ֮ĹӶϵЩҲ˻㣡
Խԣаٷ֮ʮɵҶİգѡ񣬵ԴҶ֮󣬽оиҶԣɡ
̰οأ֪ʱ򣬿˶ͽһӶνǰҲôҪˡ
У㲻ôɫһ䣬кȻ¶׹⣬ĲץȥһץʵˣֱŤϽĲӡ
顭飡
ԭڰǹĿģ˫ͻȻ̧ǹð˼⣬֮ĲҽҲĵ⼸ǹȴǽ֫ȫϵˡ
۹ҿܲ㣬ˣǺڹѸӶϵ
Լǰҽе¶һ˿ЦͿĵ˴ʮ꣬һʱԶԶͼ˵ʱ䣬ĬԶԶ˵
ãݣû뵽Ȼˣ
ƺˣ԰׵¶˲ЦΪԼͷԣҪԶѧϵ츳ȻֵܲĻȴǷǳٵģһֱĻƱˡ
ô벻һλƣ˸ˣؽӶӶţؼʱ̺ݺݵͱԼһ
磬¹ֲң
Щ죬صһ䣬ŷɳȥԶҶĽԡ
ûȥԹǽԴתҶ죬˵Ҷǿ԰ɵڣܰϣܲ׷ﷸµĴ󣡡
ĻҶ¶ЦЦɫ˵԰ȸɵȻԴҿԭ֮ǰΪ
ã³Դҿ
Ӷ꣬Ļû˻ȥɣԭһŹעҶĲ³ǰѾװǹصµǹӱϳһѿк񱳵Ŀ
ҶҲ̬еؿǰһĻû˿ı仯
磬Ҫ֣͹Լɣ
³ǵ̵˿Ե쳣˫ſİѱ߸߾µһľܸоõԷǽʵʵɱ
ɣ
³﷢һУ߸˫͵ȥͻҲڴ˿̷ˣ³ĿڰлһĻߣȻббĿҶĲ
磬ɵ
վ߰ĽҲ仰ͬʱֱħسǹûκε׼㼸ڣ巢ӵʹźХǹš
ڵϵĻ۾еͫȻ֮ŴˣҲ֮ˣ񾭷Ӧǳؿ죬ʶһǰ˵Ķ˫סҶ˫ȡ
ʱŷ֣ԼܵƣûеôأӵǴ͸Ƥͼ⣬һЩѪ֮⣬ȫû˵ǣĶӰ첢Ǻܴ
һѱסҶȫõ˫֮ϣһһ㣬εؽҶ̶ԭء
Ҫ˵ӦҪģǸոտǹĿģǰѾװǹǿģζ֮䣬ʮ෢ӵҶü۾ԼҪλ
ºһڹѸӶŵĳԱҲڲ³ֵͬʱǹеӵʮγɵĬͲҪͨ
в³ƴһлӵ׼ޱȣҶﵽ֮۾Ҳǽܲסӵġ
³Ӷ紳ôͷȷ˵þȫһȻȽͿӵ죬ںХʱ򣬾ͿҪӴҶ첱ϵļ
³¶һ˿˷ܵɫԼһȻɱԷҲܽش͸Ϳĵ˴˻ᡣ
ţôῳյأ
³ڽҪѪӿ˷֮еʱû뵽һȥȴûпκεʹȫڿеĸоò³ؿһᣬһѪµɤ۴
һӳȥ³Ҳ޷ջˣֻ˳նȥĪǣʱһԴس˵·
͡һ죬һŰ˽ͷ­ƮƮؾͱնӿѪ˲³һͷһ͸Ѫڵס³ŵһĻ
Ҷһװң̬ʮ־⣬Ǵʱڲ³ǰҶ죬ȴû˹ͷԳѧƣһһ̱˵ϡ
סҶȵȴһŴͷ­͵˲³ĵ֮£ͷ䣬һҺûü
³һĻͬʱǹҪ˵ڹѸӶŵЩԱԳƵǾӵȻûһڲ³ϡ


811 ȫ
ΪӶĵ֮³Ӧν졣
ȻӿѪģ˫ۣƾеļ䣬ǰ̤һ󣬲ûн𣬶ֱҶնȥ
˵ľ֮ڲ³ΪҶ쵱޿ɵʱ򣬶ʴˡһ죬ȥȴʹȫµһȻֵ֪˫ָסˡ
˫ָ棬һֻ޳ЩŮ˵ƣôһֻ֣ӲǽشʮĿе˿ƾ³޷ָŲһ֡
ϣ
һǺڲ³𣬲³ֻоһᣬǾִƵĺ񱳿һ˿ϸܵ··֩һţգ֮䣬ڲ³Уֻ˺񱳿ĵ
ȥ
ҶֺȻָܵ׹ĶУͺһ˫ǣţԱӵŻҪֵٶȣ³ȥ
ʲô飿
³ȻסˣؿеĶУֻоڲʧţȴû˿ʹĸо
ڿʲô
³ֽһֵԼǰæͷʱ֣ԼǰغСĲλȻʮ˿ڣ©ˮĴһ㣬ϵӿѪ
˿쳣ϸ΢ѪһܵĵȾһɫʣʱԭӦµҶ죬ȴʧȥӰ
ôоʹأ³ʶʱȻಿλһ̶չΪ˴ʹ³Ȼ
Ҳӵʱ䣬³ԭֻһװ˶壬Ѿ͵˶׶࣬šءһ죬ӴȻըһƬѪ
һհ
ڲ³ըͬʱҲʮ׵ĵطһҶιسȴһ˿Ѫ۶ûбմȾ
ҶŴ߶֮£ǰʮ񱳿Ƭ뵽˲³ڣʵȻأҪ˲³ЩƬ֮У̺Ҷ޳š
һЩ˳Զʱ鲻ܲһ㣬³˹ȻҲѾﵽͨ۷壬ҲܲţյĽӴԵţѪ⾡ըѪʬǶ˷ĩ
㡭֪Ҫɱģ
³һĻ󣬽ңʵڸ㲻ףԼݼԸƭȥˣҶȴԤһ㡣
ˣϰԼԼˣǲܽҶϵģԴʼգûзɱҶֻһֲԺսѡ
ǽû뵽ҶлҪѲһٱμȱϣȻҶһëû˵۽ȥڹѸӶǿһǶıĽҲо޲ߡ
㲻һֱҪɱ𣿡Ҷ֣ʵЩҪҪǣ̫ˣ
Ҷ첢û˵ѻΪղŽ˵ǷʱѪҺûмӿһ֣ҽȫɱҶȷûио˿ĵ⡣
ҶڵΪӵڿռĹ켣ع۲쵽˿ĶҶУȴţһػܱ˺أ
ȥɣ
ҶĻñΪ³߲ѵĿĵˣ۶ǹ֧İӵҶйȥ¸ϣҶͬʱһᶨصǰըĻɡ
ԼըҩǿװõģƫƫͳÿΣΪĹʧµĲ³ԴʱҲ־Ҷͬھ
ֻǾڿθնʱһҶֻо˫һ˵˵ϣΪ˫ȻŴȸȥ
ڿ»ûиܵʧȥ˫ȵʹʱһŻž޴ıըըĿ˶һ
׻˵ǻˮģһӵըҩҲ⵽˱Ӧ³ըɵ˸ӵҡ
ڿµ˫ȱҶնϣûгɽ꣬˱ըʬ޴棬ըǽɽ궼ϯ˽ȥǵƬڷ裬ûκǵĴڡ
˭Ҳ֪¾ϲ˶ٵըըҩһֶӺ󣬱ըƽϢɽһŨŨĻҩζ
ʡҶˡ
ڱըͬʱҶ˽ɽ˳ʮԶվҲ̲סզ࣬ղıըȻɽڴˡ
ţ˻ţҶͷųʶɽ֮Уһ΢һΣվ˷ɽʯϡ
һһɽйƬ֮ǻҰɫŨ̾Ҷ˳ȥɽеҲ¶˳
ԭ֦ҶïŲɽ꣬ʱǸոձʮŰһ㣬еľѾ۶ϣƤ۴ûһ˿
ѱըʬ޴棬ɽм䣬ʬ壬óһֺǹĿüϲһƬڱϢȫޡ
Ҷؿ沿˵ɽеĽ𣬿˵㵹ͦİڵļ֮ѧйķŹ򣿲Щҡ
ȻڽԼĺʹԼȥǸˣôסҶʶӽһγüӵĺУҶ쿴һ˿ߡ
ڵоͱ֮ΪϢǰйõľַֻˮƽȴǲܰҶʶ̽顣
һλйʦ̹һЩ
ɽг˺һᣬ˫ֳŵأ˵ϣҲûˣǰٲ߰˸ƬҲǱһĿӡ
ҵȫˣ㻹ô
ƾһּΣԤ֪ı£δԵ˳ֻνһ־ĸоǰ˼ֱħһĿ¡
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ֻȥǣ
ڵˣҶκε֮ģǱʹˮԭˣ֮ߣֶ֮ҶһμģҶԼȻ£ܹǸ˾޴
ţôӦϷľӰɣ
ԭ׷ʼڴʱҶһĺǶ²ϰʻԼķ
Ҷɱʢ˶˹ŦԼЩ£ɲڱϷǸϡ
͵οأҲüͨ͸֮ˣҶɫһʱæҶ㲻ɱңҪȻһģ


812 ͬ
˭᲻أĻҶȻʧЦһԺڵ¿϶ܼҵģ
ڵˣҶһ򶼱նݳԭûеߣĳЩʱԳΪְҵɱֵӶҶȻǲԼ
Ի䣬Ҷʳָָһһ羶ֱ˽ദϥڵϵĽûκεķӦֻоؿһۣʶͿʼģ
㡭ڵģ
ԹĿ𽥱ҶһָȻݻеƬ֮󣬶ڵϵĽڵѪͱȴһ˿ļ
ΪΪʳһѪĿǽɽ꣬ҶҡҡͷûпһȻʶһ¡
õͦ죬ܸղıըİɣ
Ͻɽ壬һŰ˵θոʧһ󷢶ĺԶ˱װ׳ɽΧ
ôĳ棬ϷҪһʱˡ
ɽҶһҲûмȥŽɽϢ뿪ҪҪ죬Լ˹֮˵ûЩ鷳
죬лûУ
ҶûԼ˹ǰԼǱؾ֮أǱǱըģӵľٿɽʱҲ̲סĿɿڴֱǷһսһ㡣
ʧǣ˽֮⣬ɽҲҲһʬ֮ͣ󣬾ӼԼĲҰٴЩ𾪲ѡ
֮ϵʬЩҴڽο֮⣬һЩ˶شޱǣӺܿӹ˽󣬿ʼʬ׷Щޱ
ЩűѾζʬʱҶѾСŮصλԼ˹ڵľƵ꣬Լ˼ľȴǸƽûܵκεӰ졣
ˣȻ˾ͱװ˯ˣ
صԼҶְСŮӵɳϣŮͻȻЩҵĺУѾ˹
׼ôңɽ۽ëգ˼£۾֪ҶǰʲôֶζǶࡣ
ô㣿
ҶһʰԼңһüͷŮԼֻеȴûɱģҶȻûʲôϧ˼²ɱ֣һҪ˽ɽˡ
ʱ䣬˵˵ô°ɣ
뵽նصҶðһ˿⣬СδĻǵĶԸԼȴҲܷŹˣ򻹲֪պж鷳ء
ҶĻ󣬽ɽʵʵ˵ҽнɽСĸ˫Ǳĸġ
ɽȻСȱᾭ飬ϰڳһӣԼСܵᶼ˵˳
Ͽ˶ˣҶûôģֱӹ˽ɽĹ£ʵܶģһԤδ飿
ţܴŸ֪ʲôɽ˵ͷ˵Ҹ֪˼룬ߣƺһ㶫ţҵ˼ά޷͸ȥ
٣ܶ˵˼άЩء
Ҷ棬ҪǱЩռԵƭӵҵϾһ£ҶʵԤô£㶮ùڵǼ˵ƣ
ǣҵģֻҪ˯ǰ˼ĳ飬˯оͻ³Ľ
ɽ¶˺µ飬͵͵һҶ죬˵ҡμ㣬Ľ£ضѪ˵ʬǡ
˵ɽС̲סڲŸо˺£ǰڴʱֵȻʾһѪˡ
˯Ԥ⵽δ飿
ҶüͷԼܹ´У֪޷ó͵кܶ࣬мŮ˵ĲǼٻҶҲ޷ȷɽ˵Ķ滰ܲ˯һȷϰɣ
һ£Ҷ쿪˵㶮װ𣿡
ԣ𣿡ɽԴֽʣ߹ȥ滭һԵͼҽԷλֶд˳
Ȼͬ˰Ҷһ£ͼȻΪоߴһеˣܻģСŮдķλҲ˿
Ұְһ飬ѧģɽ˵ĸû¶ٶ鼮֮⣬һЩδ޷õĽǮˡ
㵹ǺЩԨԴ
Žɽһֵ̿ӣҶ첻ЦˣҲװˣ֪Ҳɱģ°ڳǸˡ
һ£Ҷ˵׻İѣסʲôط
סĵطﲻԶҿԴȥģɽСѲƶȴǶġ
ǲ֪һ˰ɣ
Ҷҡҡͷ׻סеı˵߰ɣ˼ȻôңҪȥһµİɣ

׻סľƵ꣬Ҷ첢ǺԶԼ˹ΪһضΣվھƵ귿شǰԼ˹
ʱ׻Ȼûй;˼ˣһֻһ㣬ھƵ귿ڲ߶ţʲô飬Ϊʲôĵ绰ͨˣ
Ҷη壬׻ûкһ𣬵׻һֱںϵڰСʱ֮ǰ֮ϵͻȻжˣϵʱȴĵ绰Ҳ˽ˡ
׻ļ٣һ˿ô޷ţõļ֧ӶȥԸҶһˣ޷ɱǴ׻һֱغڷġ
УٵˣҪ뿪Ϸǣ
׻͵شվµĽΣ컯֮Լξɱ¾ǻزעģϷѾһǷ֮ء
Ҵʰ˶׻һ˷ţȴʩչ˶ȫסˣվؿ⣬ΪǰվŵҶ죬ҶߵȴĽɽ
ôţ׻ͬ⺣ӭ𣿡
Ҷϴŵ΢Цȴɱ磬;׻û뵽ԼԹ֮ü꣬ȻԼ
ҶҶү
׻Ͱ͵ظ뺰Ҷ죬ȴҶݣȻһҶ˵Ҷү׻ж๼СѾͷ޹أһ
׻ǰںƹã֪ùٷµĺӵܣҲǸӲĽɫֻع˴ʱҲÿˣҶܷŹԼ


813 ˶
׻㱾Թ̰ͼŻ᳤֮λͼıĸ׵Ĳҵս˵֮ǰûиϾɱѾӡ
ҶĿĿ׻˵ǷǲҪϷǾɱңͬΪֵܣ˵δأ
Ҷү׻ˣҪɱҪУ˵㣡
ǴӺųôүǴйػǽ϶ԣ׻֪ԼһҲֵúǹ˱˫ָڱ󣬰ڳһ¾ļơ
Ҷү㡭һΰɣ
վҶԵĽɽҶӣܸоõҶӦòὫԼôŴŵӰ׻
ƶбǲʱδ
Ҷҡҡͷ׻˵׻ıֵ̫࣬ȻŴɾͬУƾ·һҲһ̣л⣬Ҳˣȥ죬Ҹɣ
㡭㲻ɱң
׻͵̧ͷŵĿҶ죬ڴ򿪷żҶһ˲䣬ѾľҶҪԼףʱһֱĸо
Ҫ֪Ȼˣأ׻СȴǷǳ簮һЩͽȻٲˣ׻ȴܱסˡ
ͬǺˣҲմȾֵܵѪҶ쿴һ׻˵ԩͷծס֪ɣȥɣȻ˵ĴȻʵȴҶ˵ҶıĶԣԻһ׻ʡСպԼ
ڼ׻֮ǰҶһԣԼδһʱܶ˷飬оȻ׻ĴڣҶΪ㵣æΪ׻һԡ
һʾ׻ȷӣҶϣֻǾԭҶ޷ݳֻ֪ӦúҲЩԨԴ
˺ŵ׻ھǸצӵϻֻڱ˶ԸҶʱҡźڲԶҶ˳ӦûеҪ
Ȼ׻Ҳû뵽Լӳ죬׻뵽ϲ֮Уﻹ˵ҶĻæ˵֪Ҷүڿնصı֪ʹȥ
סڿնأ
Ҷüͷһ֮ĬĬ˴һֶӣ̾˿˵Ͼ뿪ϷˣȥλӦڱصնҲҲģ
ҪԸǼ֧ḻӶӺԸչľӣҶϵڣһֱúܽѹûʱȥ飬ֱ˿̲ŷ֣ǻһļһȻӿˡ
ҶĻ׻ɫʱѿ˳ȥҶһŭ֮ٽԼϣС˵ǡҶүô죿
׻һۣҶ˵绰ɣͷһؿնأȻתۣ
ǡأСŮʵڻ֮ǰǿҶһЩӶŵĳжҶη壬Ҫ׻һٱ
㣿
Ҷüͷһ£ִԼıͳ˱Ӹɽ˵һۣ·Ϻúÿװеռ֮ܿöһһԵģ
Ҷ춪ɽ飬һʮҪʱڵϰ汾Ҷǰ·;еʱ򣬴һСļġ
Ȼֻռ֮Ļѧ˵ܹЩͷҲԵ֣Ҷ쵱ʱȴû뵽ھó
𣿡
ɽǱѾЩƵ飬һ£ȻԶһЩװԵ֪ʶǸżĸģƻࡣ
Ͱӷɻϸȥ
Ҷһ۾ʱŵСŮͣⲻڹܽڹģǺҪģɽɲûȤСؽǱյԼС
ţС֪ͨãǿ֮ģֻǲ֪ռһϾû츳
ɽı֣Ҷ찵Ե˵ͷһ˶䣬СŮ˵ͨԤʱҶн뵽µĴ㡣
ҶеĴУòףɽ츳ĻǵǸʦѰһ޼֮Լ⵱˺ü˦ƹҲΪʦ˵ס
׻ͽɽ߳ƵҶͣס˽ţת׻ʵôԼ˹ģ
ôһ£ϷԼҴ߽һ飬ҶɲٻȥǸùͷֻõ֤ڹɻЩ鷳˵ûҪնء
Һʦɻġ
׻͵һҶɫ˵Լ˹һӣͣƵͣҶүҪȥģҿȥС
ϷҲǿնغԼ˹һЩҵܳ׻ִԼ˹ĵһ죬ͽһܳ׻ˡ
ŶãǻؿնأҶ˵ͷ˵ȥѳӿɣҺͽɽڴſڵ㡣
ǣҶүϾͻ
ҶĻ׻¶һ˿ϲɫ֮ͲΪͻȻʶҶ֮ô󷽵ԼȥǾǸԸûߡ
Ҷ죬׻ҲûƢ֧ǰӶźΧˣҶɱƬײԶܵģʱ׻һ˿ҪҶͷˡ
׻ȥ˵һ㣬Ҷóֻ˹ȥ֪˾Ѿӽ˳ʱӦͬҲصԼ˹ˡ
Ը磿û°Ҷ˰ĵ绰ˣ
ͲҶûΪԼľ󣬽ӣƽʱԼľȻޱȵҪԸػǹսֳҶѰҳ
ȻǾҲǰװҪģֻҪܽҶŴô˾ͻά˾ʮԪֽҲûЩԥѾ˾ֺóһʱˡ
û£ܳˣҲϲľ죬Ȼؿնˣ㵱ûȥǽˡ
ҶݲǺֵõģټϷӢǿĴͳҶɲݶ˹һĻ׷ƨɺõĽҲǻᱻϵˡ
УԸ磬һ¡µ˵Ը磬ͷ˾ҪǸ绰ܲ˵Һҵģ
ϷǵĹʲǺܸߣʮԪԻ˶ҲһСĿȻŹˡ
û⣬һ˵ģҶüۺεͨ͸֮͵飬Ҳ˳Ϊ֮ˡ


814 
Ҷ˻ĵ绰Ҷֻһ£ֲһ롣
Ҷ죬Сӣô㣿Ͳдκ첻ôȷ
үӣңûϢҶٺЦ
ϷǷô飬Ϊ˯ž𣿡
κͷޱȣ󣬰˰ʾⱣҽ˳䣬˵Сôߵͽ´˵Ͳͣʵػع
ȻδϷǷ飬ʱ򣬾ѱ˸鱨ţκȨޣȻ˽һȷϣ͸ҿ϶ԼǱ϶һš
үӣԩҰ¶μҵġ
κĻҶʱһԼأҲûμҶʲôƲãܲԼ¾ɣ
μҵˣκһ£ϷӦ˹˵ϷǵĲҰģ
κõ鱨ϷԼ˹ĿֲϮ¼Угд඼ǰϷεĸο֣ͣʱ϶Ϊչķ
ֻø鱨ŲǣչƺûȥϮôһξ㣬ǶڳԼ鱨Ա뽫ھ
κڵ֪ҲйĲ룬ֻζû뵽׮ҰȻμںܳӵһֲݵģκʮ꣬ҲҶĻ𾪵òѡ
Ҷɲκʲô˵ûүӣ֧Ӷź͸չķΪ˸ɵңҪ󣬿ˣ
󣿡κعҡҡͷ˵ֺðɣЩˣӦöǱɵģͷû˵ɣˣ֪ˣǱһȥģ
Щȶ˵ˣСܵñӻ죬ͲϷǵˡ
ûκ˵꣬ҶʹĻ˵үӣǻյûУ˵ĻҹϻؿնأȻϷۡ
ϷѾĽ㣬ҶɲǷ֮أ˵һγʱҲˣȥôϱء
κЦһ˵͵ˣ˸㶩Ʊ㻹ɡ
ԭκ컹Ҷڹһʱ䣬ȶ˹¼ٵһЩعǿҶǵĻҲԽԽκǿ࣬ȻЩܲסˡ
ƱˣҰ˽˷ɻˣô˵ɣ
Զһ󷢶ĺҶ콻һҶ˵绰̧ͷպÿһɫĳܳ۵糸ʻ˾ƵĴǰ
⳵ؿնأ
ҶЩɵؿޱȵĳܳȻǺóնؾԼ˹һǧһ·ôȥϵļⶼˡ
׻ҶĹǣڼʻλ˵ҶүӿԸϵģİɣ߸Сʱܻصնصģ
׻ܿóҶûʲôɱģҾ֮ʶԼҶ֮Ĳ࣬ҲҶѰ˼ˣҲ˺ܶࡣ
ĶҶƳһ﷭ʮҪŮ˵ãɽϳ
ҶڵΪʹ׻Լˣ⳵ȥײҶҲܲ˺Ժܴ󷽵˸ʻλϣͲ׻ʲôè塣
ҶȻΪĶλ׼ȷȻ͹׻һ·ķ쭳
һǧ๫·̣׻ȻСʱܵˣƽʱٶһٰʮϣӳ󣬼ʹҶ죬·ЩˣµĴضڲ
ɽСŮ͸˵ˣһ·أɫ԰׵úѪɫ׻ĿǼ˹Ƶģһ³ܵԶԶģٻصϡ
Ҷ˵׻ϼһ˿ЦݣЩ˼˵ʱͬҪүýƺҿܾˣ
ţбȻгϢ
Ҷҡҡͷû˵ʲô߽˾ƵȻһŤұϢɳȥ
ڻˣСǰɳվһˣ첽ҶҶϷʱȥǷ֣ǻ̬ȣȻǷҪࡣ
ҲѹǷ֣Ϊڰ˸СʱǰӵԼһλ쵼ĵ绰һҪȷҶ찲ȫ뿪ϷǣʵڲеĻ򵱵شʹ
鱨ͽӴĹǷȻǰˣõ㲦쵼е˼µ绰ʹƵȺҶˣ˸Сʱǿͺˡ
ܣǣҶǷ֣оЩϰߣǻƵˣȻ֪Щ˱֮졣
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Ƿַֺ󣬲ɫĽŵһİݸҶ죬ѹ˵ʲôҪ뾡ܷԸĳϷؽ绹ǰ
Ƿȴ޲Ҷ֮ǰĹϵ˵Ҷ˴ΣӦøͬģĳ˵ʧְҲΪҶĲء
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ڣɽ׻ͬʱ
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ҶǷֵ˵ͷ˵Ǻã׻ɽھȥϷɻ
·ϵʱҶԶĵ绰͵ֱ֪ɻǰѾ͵˿նػֻҪҶ쵽ˣʱɺ
ҶķԸ׻ͽɽȻΥ棬¹ԹԵ߳Ƶ꣬׻նػʧȥ»ûعǷ֣һεؿܳȥ
˽˷ɻڻɺͽ䣬ڻ϶һϵͣڻҶϵԶרϵĹԱ
˴ʮӺһλͨĻҶͨһؿ뵽˻
ԶרԼҪܶ࣬ɹʮ˸˾ĻڣÿһʹõĶƤĺ̫ղΣƳģȥ϶ܰĦĴ򣬻ܿͻ
ţ׻ᷢʲôأܺ˽˷ɻڵĸװƷҶкȻ¶һ£ʲôΣսҪһ㡣
Ź֣ˣǸǻǻ㲻ڸ߿գҲδؾӲȥ
һε̫ģҶҲֻܸӦ˴ȴû֮ǣŴŵ˷ɻġ
Ҷķ֮׵ĸ߶ȣǷɻеĸ߶ȻܸߣҶ컹ǸоԼΣշʱ򣬵һʱ佫Σջ


815 츳
ҶǻڿһΣӿնص۵ķʱԼҪ20СʱңɻڰСʱɣ
Ӽʻ˳ͷĿս㣬Ҷһºʱ󣬻˵ҶʲôҪкǾͿԣʧˡ
лл鷳ˣ
ҶλʮͷĻǿΪѾ֪ܷɻǸ۵˵˽ݣ˴һ˽˷ɻ칫˾ʱרŶƵģܱ֮տЩɻҲضá
ԭԶҲδܽĳҶãŵͷͬģڵڶͽɻ˿նء
оܲãĪҪʲô𣿡
ŻȥҶ۾ǼλƯսϴ˸תʱһֲĸоΪ⼸սɫЩü֮䣬йɵĺɫ
ţô£ѵԼۣ
ҶǰĿս㿴ȥʱȴλսϵȻһɨգӡеĺɫҲʧˣҶЩĪδ顣
ҶʲôҪ𣿡
ҶעŵĿսǰ˵ΧһʱҶǰCKˮǳջζҶıǼ⡣
˵˽˷ɻĴӿʹ֮⣬϶ûùˣοҶᣬܺĳЩϵĻЩսͿνһ죬ֱӽ뵽ϲȥˡ
Բ֫ڷĳźţսҲջ󣬺޲ý˵Ҷϣǹ̬һԵ׻۾Щֱ
ȿȣһȪˮң
׼ռһԵҶ죬սͨ죬ֻĺ󱳾ǿΣ˶˲ˣֻܿǲӿԼǰ
ģŴռ֮ǰ뾲իԡѵ˵
ǿսŤСȥҶÿȪˮʱҶ쿴ˣȴԼǵϣҲʲôˣƺɱסˡ
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Ҷؿһۻ⣬ûҪ·ɻҪ󣬱ϾܷɻѾԼüˣҶ֮ǰݣҲûʲôش֮غ鷢
ҶҪĿȪˮ
λս㽫ȪˮŵҶǰҶͷû̧ЩʧһվҶͨͷǶǾרҵѵĿս㣬ǲʲôȻ˵ľٶ
Сʱ󣬷ɻ˺գҲڷҶ쾪˹￴һۣ׻Ȼ۾ϢԼ˹նһ·̣ɶһ˼ʻġ
ڽɽڷҶ콻ǱʮҪʮֵרע
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ҶһץǱǱһ˫εĴֳһ㣬ֱɵҶţʮˣɽ˵𣿡
ԣȻµƸ˿ƼʢĽ죬ѾȥоЩѶ֪ʶˣûʦŵĻͨ˸Ϳ֪ʶ
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Ҷ춢Ů۾еҪʵ飬ܿ𣿡
ܣĸкܶϣҶܼˣֻҪôռأ
ҶĻ󣬽ɽ¶˷ܵ飬֪ΪΣһۿеʱͱ˽ȥԳ˵Ѷ־䣬ƺȻľ⡣
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һϿޣԸɽˮǰֹ춺ѵǰѣͨ裬ɽԽԶҶүһҲǼԡ
Ҷʳʱ򣬽ɽԺзɿؾð˶ӦղسУ˼ѿڶ
㲻ýҶүҵ־УҶоɫ׷ʵٽµˮʦ񣡡
Ҷʱ飬ֱѾˣһǼ츳ûеõʦеʱҲǴͿ飬ܶ仯
ɽǿ˼Сʱ飬ȻܶԴ츳ҶҲҪʰ·ģе㲻ţʳһԡ
ɽһ£˵Ӧ¿ʦԣ²ˮСսթҪ˰㣬ҲǼԡ
ɽ͵͵һҶ죬˵ҡҲ֣ǽʲô
Ҷʱ򣬽ɽεѹɽҰɽһ㣬һǸղųУںң´ŭҶ졣
Ҹ硭Ҷɡ
Ҷ챾ýɽиģָ˿ڣ츳ˣ£ʦԪ֪һӷʹԼһٵİɣ
Ҷ壿ɽҶһۣǱŤؽгƺҶ⣬СŮжη壬Ҳ֮˼֡
Ѿͷ㻹ǸĿڽʦɣ
ǰűĿϢ׻˵ĶԻһֲĶڶУ֪Ǳָߵ˵ԪһʦҶȻ˵ˡ
ղҶʳôĻ׻ͽͼˣֻСŮȻ龫ʮ죬Сڹⳤ󣬲֪йʦͽôһֹϵ
ʦɽ׻ĻһؿҶ죬ȻͨĲ˽ĺ塣
Ҷ˰֣˵ڹⳤģйĺܶϰ׿ܲǺϰߣһʱ䣬ǷţԺ˵
һ̳ейϵһҪѧ֪ʶкܶ࣬ҶСŮ뵽ַΧ֮Уٽ̵һЩרҵ֪ʶ쵽¡
ǡɽҶη֮绢ô˵ֻʵʵشӦ
ȽһЩ򵥵ͭǮռ֮ɡ
ڷɻģҶ췭ó˼öͭǮ˵ռķʽֺ֣ܶȽϳõľͭǮռҪμ⼸仰Ǿǲϲ⡢²⡢زⲻ⡣
ҶɫͭǮģ˵ϣ£֮£ҡΣ£ΪΪһбȫΪԡ
ҶҲɻЩս׻רĽ̵ɽɽıҲʮֵ⣬ֻһСʱͽͭǮռľҪС


816 ʸڷ
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ҶĵļöͭǮСŮһϣҶ̵֪ʶ˵ǿһոµĴţʶδӴﲻԾľ볢һ¡
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Ҷ˵ͷеͭǮСŮϣ˵ǳѧúڱǺţͶ֮ǸͼҪռˡ
ҶˮƽĽͶУȻԶʼһԵ󣬵ɽȴǲУȻʴӱҲҪʵʵԺڱǺš
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ڽɽͭǮʱҶһĬĬţη󣬵سҶԺкɫһ䣬Щɲ
ǰʱʽɽռ֪ʶʱҶļ󣬾ΪԣɽͭǮռͬҲǴ֮׻˵зΪǻʱеһ˿¶ҶʱЩ
Ҷ쿴ͬʱɽҲ̧ͷ˵Ҷ壬̫ð
Ҷ쿪ʵɽʲô
ռԤкܶ࣬Եǰ̣Ҳɲ⽡ƸͬʱһЩȻҲǲͬġ
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Ҷүᷢʲô𣿡ǰŵ׻ҲҶһӡУҶһǷƵģʹԼүӶսʱҲ˵Ľš
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ҶǶ֮ǣκȻԻȡһЩֶΣҶ컹Զ̽ϢпܵĻҶ첢һ˸ɵֻڶĲӬ
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Ϸٿŷ¶һβҰĸչϷǾӵӢս£İһʮˣʮ;блǻ׽
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ҪǣЩƬУûгϷӵӰһЩûüڵοͣҲ˵յΣЩֲĪһСʱϷľӲŸϵԼ
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ҶԸ飬Զҵڵ绰һһŴֽСиԼԼƽ⼼Ŀģ쵱Ǵ¥ĶڿͣըרҿҲʮֵ⼸˶Ӷ
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޶ôһˣ
Ҷ̧ͷǰŶ͵׻ʵ׻ԺڹѸӶ˽٣޶𣿡
ҶүҡҾͲ֪İţ˽ɽҴȥģĲǺ
ҶĻ׻޳ˣֱͨӵͨԻͲĸЧǺܺãղҶԶǷ׻˶
ֱ˿׻֪Ҷ쾿Ϸʲô飬ǿѾ黨󱳴·Ѿȫˮʪˡ


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׻Ҫ޳Ҷ˰֣ŻͲ˵ƣûǸ޶ܲʲôط𣿡
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ԶûлشҶĻǿ˵Һ콻鲻Ҳǿ׻ģǳСӸɳʲôԲ£Ϳͷӵϣɣ
ǰǴκŴᣬԶҲڳģ֪׻ҶЩԹʶһˣȻĿֶ׻Ҷϡ
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Ҷ̧ͷƳһ׻ÿɷ˵ƣĪ⣬ҸоǺܺãϲ¿޶٣ҪһЩ
УȥţԶҶ˵࣬ҲûʣӦһ͹Ҷ˵绰
ҶҶϵ绰׻Сһվ˵Ҷү
⣬ģ󣡡
ҶһȻںѾˣ˵Ӽ鼰ţɱ׻ȻȴǸԼļһδЩòʧ
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ף˹ˣΪ˵ֻ׻ֳ
Ҷ˵ⷬͻȻ֣׻üĺɫ࣬ǹȻʧˣ׻Ҽմһɫߡ
в֫ıְ׻ϵǵɫߣҶĴʳָ˼ָεҡҡͷƺ꼻һֵȻȥˣ㲻κε
Ҷֱضϣ׻һëҧҧ˵Ҷүֱ˵ɣ׻ˣ
׻ȻϸˣǺˣͬУҪõģģҪҶ׷Ļһһĳͷ
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ҶЦ˵˳ӦͺˣҲֵģҲõġ
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ٳ鵽ϸҴҶһѹҶ˵绰ڵԶĴء
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ڿնػһλˣɺϵλǰ޶¾ͽ޶ٸ¶˳Ҳû뵽ôͲ鵽ҶҪϢ
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Ҷ˵绰Ҷ̧ͷǸս㣬˵ܷɻʲôʱڿնػģ
ǵˣҶʲô𣿡ڷɻϵĹԱԣǸļڣն֮ǾȥϷǵĺ̲ҪҶҪߣ⼸λս㻹ȥԼ˹תһȦء
죿Ҷ¶һĨ⣬ʵɻİȫ˭𣿡
ɿնػɻķԼɻġսҶоЩĪÿһأ֧һʲƵķãڷɻͣͱ
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ҶصεķϣǺϽƤķ֣ﰼ˽ȥܷɻƺƫбһ£ʱǸս㻨ʧɫ
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ϵɻһ
֪˿޶ڿնػϢҶеĲԽԽǿңԶ϶޶һܷɻ϶ֽŵġ
뵽ǰǳԹ޵ĻҶжʱֲĸо
ôû뵽Ȼܲ鵽õܷɻ׼ȷյ˷ɻĽʱ䣬Ļ֮ܣԶԶس˳˵
ս㿴Ҷ࣬ϽĻͨ˻е֮˻Ҷʲô飿ɻһױλλϲҪ߶
ҶͷͻһһսڶϵĶԽģҪϽһûҵĻ𣿡
ʱҶ죬ŦԼ911ֳӸ¥ʱ¥ǰĸо࣬һĴ̼ʮǧëͬʱըһ˳β׵ֱӴ뵽С
ҶԲѾ뵽ױϿգڴױٷСʱܽӡһСʱͣƺϣ
ȻҶ챬˴ֿڣ֪ݲһĻĵظҶţǷϷǲѾĸСʱˣʱӡϿգãã󺣣޷䡣
үҰ
Ҷ˵䲻ɻһڵĻֶ˻ȥͬʱɻʼҵزӻ¿ؿһ۵磬Űš

ʱӦò˰ɣ
ڿնһҺͨСƵһʮ꣬ӽȺѱˣڿеһʱ¶һ˿ˡ
˵һһµģİɣ˲þͿԼˣ
޶ѵ֪˺ڹѸӶȫϢ֮Իڿնأһɻʧ±ġ


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˼֮ܣԶԶҶ󣬾ҶסƵĵһ죬ÿĹ˾ƵĵϵͳҶеͨѶ¼
ҶԶͨҲ¼֮Զ˽˷ɻ飬Ҳ֪ҶǼܷɻִ￪նصʱָơ
޶սУϢ鱨ԼǱ̽ȹϣųѼ츳
ڷɻִ￪նػĵһ죬޶ױɻάԱӽ˽˷ɻһöC4ܽըҩ˷ɻĵط
޶װڷɻϵըըרҿƲģһC4˿ըǿ֮ըƤڻ
ըܽȫ֮ըͻᱻʱӣҶ˽˷ɻͻлΪһŻ
˵ְɱʽνǷʤΪõֿǿԸִܶƼʩģҲҶһֱоԣʼ޷ҵڵԭ
ѾСʱˣǺڹѸӶţȻǿӶţû֮һ
޶ץϵһƿƣ˹ˡع˶ӣڹѸӶŵĽɢҲӶĵĽҪɽԸǾǺڹѸӶŰٷ֮ٵʡ
տµƣЩֻάϵСʱңҲ˵ѾǼܷɻϷɻϵˣҲ˵ʱ

ҶȻĹΪܷɻĻҲͬҪ󣡡
ǧ֮ĸ߿ϣ˽˷ɻĻѾ˻ڷɻɸʻԱݣڴԽƬ
ڻҶʵЩȡ֣ǾһصҲСʱķк̣ҶҪϾͽ䣬Ҳ˵׵罻֯ãã󺣣Ҳ߱ɻ
һڷɻϷըұըʱӦúܽӽˣĻ˶Ҫ
Ҷ¶һ˿ɫʹڡ911¼УҲû޴ʹĸоϾ׸߿գҶǿƿɻߣɻϵˣ϶޷ġ
׻ЩԱˣɽҶ޷ģռһ츳ˣպҲˣҶҲҪסСŮ
Ҷǲܵģ
ҶĻ󣬻һھͶ»ȥˣǵķɻ֮ǰҪȫģҸұ֤ɻϾԲըĴڡ
Ϊ׸˵ݵλȻö˵İȫȻӣ˽˷ɻÿһʹ֮ǰһİȫ⡣
Щԭ˵ıڸģ˴ֻǽɻɻԽеģõĹҲǵȽģһͷ˿ϸĽᱻ
ܷɻֱǻӣҪԶҶϧˣʱû©κεطģԻŻоҶȡ֡
ıִ֤ģҶҡҡͷ˵֪ҿ𣿡
ҿһ£ʵ˵۵ʦҵȻͷ
ۣ߹Ȩƽգв֪ҿͷģϲҿԶЩ۵ǴĶˡ
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ʦʦܣɫЩԥʦռԵı¸˽֪ʦ˵ĻȻҲм˵ˡ
ת绰Ҷɿڱдһ룬ݸһЩ֪Ŀս㡣
Ҷ죬Ҹմ֪绰أ
ͲﴫҿʦռһԣоǱ鷢Ҫע㣬˶ˣǧ﷭˴
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ҶһԼĸоˣ׻˵Բ㼺ҶݲԼߵļˣļ㲻ΪҶ֮⣬һĴʦ֣רҵѾȲҵҶǿܶˡ
ڷɻϰɣʦ˵Ͻ뿪ҿִ˹Ա߻Զ͹ļҵ˵
ҶЦһ˵ʦ֣ҲоܲԣڷɻϷըˣǿȽںϣҰ
ԶɻץȽʲôȥ˵ǰѷɻҲҪ
ҿδ˵Զż˵ܷɻȻֵƣһټķɻҲȲҶ찲ȫҪġ

Ͳܴ󣬻Ҳˣ֪ܷɻԶϰģʱ֪ǷҶ
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ҧҧӦֻһ򹤵ģݻҶ޷ҶȣοԶڣʹʲôϰҲ
ˣʦ֣ȹˣƾ찲Űɣ
ת̬ȣҶҲ˿ȻڶԴ˵ʱĺЩԱͨˣҶ컹ǷݶأԸΪԼǣ޹ɥ
ҶҿĶԻҶĻ˼֣ͳƺԶΪƵˣҲָҶȻҲǸ߲ˡ
ҶүըȵҶͻ̸һ׻ſһ䣬ղŵͨҲһѺ
ţʮа˾ţЩһﻹͦѶԸġ
Ҷ˵ͷһߵĽɽ˵׻ҲͦбµģСѾͷҪңһǾͻϵġ
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ȿȣҶү׻£˴͵ǸƨҸ˰ɣ
ҶЩ׻Ҳûһ˿ҪҶԵ˼ˣҪǻҲ˵ⷬģĺôС
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ҶҲǱ׻˵ĿЦãԷôҲʮˣȻԼǰ˵ֻ
ţԣҶ˵ʱ򣬷ɻȻҵػζҶɫҲΪ֮䡣


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ʱҶ죬һأĵĲǷɻױǾڸղţĵͻȻһëȻĸо֮ӿ˼֡
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Ȼֻһ򹤵ģҲԼְҵأһԷһ֪ˣԼǰָֻš
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̨ϵǸֱǧ֮Ҷ˿ΪԵöըʮʱŻ
׼򿪲ţҶͷ˻
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ˣÿɡжⷢźţþѰԼΪȫĻ׸˶Լİȫνӵ˼㡣
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Ҷûһ䣬˵һصλϣϽεȥȰ㲻Ҫ滨Ҳ⽫ܷɻ
˵ŻҶ߬ǹ֣ǰǹﾹȻһŽмҶָʻԱ۾ֱˣǻͷĵǻΪԸһ㡣
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ͷΣԤԽԽǿˣҶ֣ʹܳ˼ʻգλϣҶЩǣλƯĿս㣬ȻҲ˽ɡɫ԰׵ؽԼ̶λϡ
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Ҷ֮ȴλٳûеʱһ̧һǾƳɵĵذðһ𻨣ȻһѺۡ
Ҷ컰ʱͷĻպȻ߷ֿе˶ʱĿһǿҵ紵ǵĿⶼЩˣ߳ŵȫǷϵ·˲ͱʪˡ
ͬʱҶо͵һ٣ƨλȻǺͷɻ뿪һɴ߸ߵĵ˳ȥ
һĹҶĿɽҲǱ˻գλƺҪͷɻļʻԱҲǴشӻͷ˳ȻҶʦʦܵݣõġ
үģӻûɡأ
ֱɳպҶԼλ֮ƺûüȥɡƿڴΪȻܸߣڹʱѾԱ֮Ϊ½ˣǧ׵ĸ߿հ


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׻һдСϺӣ˵ǸλװãźܷȥĻʾ̵ƣɡʾǻƵƣʾźûдȥ
׻õλ豸رƵģڵΧĹϣרһͨѶǣΪȫṩ߰۸ĸǣṩȫλ
ճϵͳ̼ҵĻ˵ֻҪЯװõ˻ڵϣǾһڣЯߵĵص㣬ҿԽȷȿʮڡ
ǲûˣ
ҶùǸСӣȥװصĵطõңû˵磬Ҷ춼ϰԵҧµأõضݵĻָһЩ
׻ҡҡͷ˵ܵģҶүĵ뿪ɻṩĹ磡
ųԼĲҵ⣬нһЩ˸ڵҵ񣬺ȦĻ˸ǶнӴ
ǰиºš󸻺İ۽꣬׻ԵιһЩİȫʱЩϣЯֶλװã׻Żⶫ˽⡣
ȵϰɣԵ㶫Ϣһ£ʵڲǻ򣬻ˣ
׻ĽͺҶͷһ˿ֻûź飬ɲǾԼϵ
ڹ⣬ѳãͳɴųı仯ҶţҲΪһִų˳ԣȻЩװкܴӰ죬źŴȥҲ
ãҶүȥ⺣е찡׻˵ͷҲԶǸƵĲֻǺͽҶܷȣҲʲôˡ
߰ɣϰСĵ㣡
Ҷ콫ЩɢĶ뵽˱˳ԼϵļʯҲ˳ǱãҪʯˣҶǿ޶ûȥ
⵽Ǹʲôطô˳ԣѲҲ𣿡
⴦̲ɳ̲ʮֵĿԼʮףϸİɫɳϣҲһ
ɳ̲ϣҶڴھĳ嶯ںøˣղǼʯʱҶָоЩԭԳűʯԶڡ
Ҷүǵ氡
Ҷ˼ʱ׻ͻȻҶүǡʲô
ģǶʬ˳׻ָĵطҶ̧ͷǰʮ׵ϵһɫҲ̲סȻɫ
һﵽʮ׵ʬǣ߶ԼңʬϵƤѸõˣǷ紵ԭЩͷɢɢصڵϣܿǰӴ͡


826 
⡭ʲôﰡ
ŲԶǾ޴ĶʬҶг𺳣ڵӰЩȻ֮⣬ǺԣҲʮ׳Զܺǰʬȡ
ﳤ֫˶ظһ߹Ǿһ׵ĳȣᵹڵѾʴƤ򢴦Կֻ֪ĶһذװݣȻ½ϵж
еһЩܳôͣǾҶ֪˿ʱִڵĵδؾˡ
ҶүǡǱ߻У
ʵ׻ѣҶҲѾ֣ĲԶ鲼˸ֶʬʹģҪֻʬüСģҲҵӡ
ģʲôطˣҶһַ˼ĸо׻ЩӴʬм䣬Ǻ˾˹һ㣬ԼĽɫȻСˡ
Ҷ첻ǣЩʬǺصһģźгһУҲǸղҶԶʱΪһƬڵԭ
ҲأȻǶʬģ
Ҷǰһעʱֱĵסˣʱŷ֣ԭ⿴ȥɫڵĵ棬ȻЩѪ⻯ɵģҪﴦںߵĻŰˡ
Ҷүۡǵʲôط
ǰĳ׻Ҳɱ˼Ѫĺݽɫ˫ҲЩոս񾳽ǿоڴ˿ʧӰٵġ
֪Ҳ֪ʲôط
Ҷҡҡͷ۾Զȥ͸ЩʬҶԿǰһٶ״ǴݲƬȴǴïܣȱȽǣֳһľ
£ҶȴǸоһǿҵɱͷųԪǰ鿴ΪܸоõЩطŵǿԶԪ˺
̵ģ̶ѨҲҪһ
ǿˣδ֪ʱжоη壬ǿҶ죬ʱҲһֵֻ̿ĸоָоȴʹҶ֮࣬ҲѪԡ
ҶүҸоܲðҶĻ׻̲ס˸飬ԲԵĴ֣һ޵Ĵ죬ڵȴǽС
Ҷүǻɳ̲ϵȾԮӰɣʵ̫Σˡ
׻Ͳһߣϵս鲻Խ˼᲻̽Ƭδ֪ɭֵͷ
׻۲쵽Щʬ϶ɳ̲棬ûһֻܽ뵽УҲ׻Щףɳ̲ǺΪȫĵط
GPSλźŷȥΪҵǣ
Ҷ컺ҡҡͷط֮ԣԶ۲µľγɵĶشųеĵ豸ȫ˷
Ҷûв´ĻЩʵʵİɫεãУΨܽ͵ͨδ˷ֵԭ
Ҷүǡôأʱ׻ѾˣЩǿﶼǰĲں֮лοֲڡ
ô죿취
ԶĴ֣Ҷһһָ˵һþƬԶܲܳȥҲҿ϶ڶȥ̽Ƿ棬еĻǿԴǿеõһЩϢҵ뿪İ취ֻҪ뿪طǶλܷá
Ҷи²⣬ֻҿ϶ΪľԶԶ
׻һԶžĴ֣æ˵ҶүҡҾǻǻͷɣЩ˵ܳȥأ
ãȵȥ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ʵÿʱҶͷһ£ΣյľףܴӺѰó·ĻҶԲԸȥǴе
ͳһҶ׻ȥתͬʱǴֵıԵͻȻһ˻֮Щʬ׷ɢ俪
ģߣںʱΣյĸо˲ӿͷҶæһ׻ɳ̲ķȥ
𣡡ڶ˻УһɫӰӴɽд˳˲䴩ǰٶ׵ľ룬һӵʱ䣬׷Ҷ׻
ʲôԷ̫죬Ҷ׻ոת壬ͷǰһɫӰӣʶ̧ұۣһȭͻԷ·
ڽ뵽񾳽֮׻ֻоǰٴʮһȭȥŶһְ壬Ҳ
ϣ
׻ȭͬʱҲǰвɷһֻһȭ㾡ȫҲ޷ջأ󣬽ŵľһҺˣǴµѪ
ģʲô׻ֻʺ˵ͬʱҶҲֻ۾ʱɴˡ
ֻԼףɫıϣǴһӲ̣ͷȴüΪһţͷ
ֻͳصţͬʱĿУȴһ·ĸ첲ذһݣǶ뵽Ƥ֮УͭĴ۾һգգŻعҶ졣
˵Ҷ׻ұ۴Ϸȫʧˣ׻ƺûͻѹ˾ȻƾѪ˵ϡ
ѪֹסԸ
Ҷָᵯס׻ϵļѨӿѪʱֹסˣ׻Ҳ˹æִ˺һذѶϱ۴
֨֨
֪ǲڸҶѹֻһһϣ˺ҧ׻ĶϱѵĴŴдһëȻĸо
ҿţ
ҶȻһ¶˲ŵɫſһ£һɫĹâеͣҶǰ
ȥҶû˿ͣ٣ɽմӿͷһȣô̵ľ룬ɽٴγֵʱȻ˹Ĳ
ۿɽڽţͷնʱǹȻһǰ壬ɽʱǳӲëţϣšһײǹȥ
ȻƤëû͸
˲ͺԼ˽׾ĹҶֱͲԼ۾ΪǰʮӲ֮⣬ͶһС̯ɫҺ塣
ЩҺƺкǿĸʴԣڵ󣬺ܿڴһƴСĿӶɢһŨҵȳζ֮Ż
ҵְڹȥ֮Ҷ׻ѹֵĺʹҶү⵽Ǹʲô


827 
Ҳ֪û˵ţˣ
ҶҲѸĹЩ֪룬ôû뵽Լں޼᲻ݵķɽȻֻ˺Ƥɹ˳ȥ
׻û°ɣҶ˺һ׻Ҽ紦˼£һע뵽ڣ׻԰׵ɫʱ˼ֺ
Ҷүҵֶˣˣ
žԼһٶ״ֻ׻¶ߺ޺η彻֯ĸɫִУͨҽѧƼֶλֱܰ۽ӻȥ
ɵ׻ұۣȴǱǹ׽̵׻֮ǣֻµٶȺ;˵ĹԼ׻ʱʧȥһѩϱ֮
ԶǿвϷšءʱʱɤӵĹҶȻеģ֪ʲôˣ
Ҷү⾿ʲôﰡҶĻ׻ס粿ʹʵô󣬻ǵһμǻòҲûײС
棬񻰴˵е棡
Ҷ۾ֻҲ뿪Ĺ˵˵е棬òţצ繷Ŵ⬰ëϲʳ⣬Ϊ֮һ
ҶСڡɽҲǶޣֻ֮ǰҶûЩ˵е룬ֱ﷢һĽ󣬲˵е
⡭ôܣôֶ
ҶĽͣ׻ɵɴ۾Сģ鲢࣬ǵһε֪й񻰴˵УֹĴڡ
ûʲôܵģŹֵģҲ
ҶЦҡҡͷҪϵѪɽеĺɱ֣භֻԲǺԵĶ֡
ҪԵĻũİԳԿԣƼһʩչֻжѸͷǿ֮⣬乥ֶλҶǰ
ԵҶֱеĿֻȴʧˣʱΪȵũеİԳҲǲضãҪභδؾԷ
Ҷүǲߣô죿
׻Ҳ֮ˣǸոս뵽ľ磬ȻʧȥһۣڷסѪ󣬾ҲתʼµΡ
ãҶүҰʳﶪǱˣ׻ͻȻϮʱڵϵĴӣɽһ࣬ŵĿǵˮʳûЩ춼Ų
û£ȥù
Ҷһ˸ɱ뷨һȻԽթа񣬱ƤɽѴĲͷڣ޷ɱġ
ȥҶſһ£ɽͣǰʶ䣬ɽһɫĹâŰȥ

ղų˷ɽ棬Ҷ³ɽͬʱͷܣҶķɽȻ˺üֵĴȴû׷ƻļһ
ϧˣʲôǽթ
ҶķɽʧȥĿ꣬׻ɴض㣬ϱ֮ʹ֮ǣҶ챧Ķһ˼ʲô˵еֱ뽫ҡ
ꣿٽƻĺҲˣ
Ҷ˾䳤ɽеһɽʧشһһŴƬи䡣
ҶղڸоֻһԽԽԶʱЩҶһУɽʱŵķȥֻǵɽ׻ʧİԣȴһͷ뵽˲ʬɳ̲ϡ
ⶫֱͳɾˣ
Ҷ˫߳ɳ̲Ƭڰ׶ɫĵط缸컹޲Ҷ׻ȻҶĿģ̲ס˵ҶүСĵ㰡
İɣͷƤտ˳ԡ
Ҷںذ˰֣Ųߵ˾ɳ̲ʮԶĵطֽ׻ڵϵıУʼնûг֣ǱҶɱһ㡣
˵׻ʳﵹǲٰ
Ҷ첢ûн׻ıӻȥǽһЩʳ˳˺һհװĽţʱʱһŨҵζԶԶĴ˳ȥ
ģҺ˱ۣɾ˻ξΰɣ
ڷŰʳʱҶĶʶһ£̤ضǶ֦ҶеҶвЦ
ʹ˶뵽ɽУҶûʲô취Ͼ˿ֻڵΧ͸оӦͷĵУǿϢڣһּΪΣյĸо
Ҷȴ֪Ϊ˵֮һ棬ƶ񲻷ϲʳ֮⣬һصǼǳ𣬵е˺ˣ涼ôֱ¶Էſϰݡ
ҶһԣȻˣֻΪоܶ㿪ҶɽļһֱԵעҶһһǰֻצӺݺݵץŵ棬̰ؿҶɢζĽţ⣬ƺʱ׼Ҫ˳ȥһ㡣
׻ţζ㳢
Ҷ񿴶ûִһۣ˺ţհװԼҧһں󣬻ͷһףǰţ⾶ֱɳ̲ϵ׻ȥ
Ϲˣ
Ҷӳţͬʱ̲סˣһιͻأسҶ׻ʱ䣬һţǴŰװţҧ
˾ͱˣ
ҶһڵɳıɽͻȻϢس·û˿ķӦɫķɽʹ뵽¸֮С
˻ǶϵҪʹĲλ۾ԼظЩط¿ûŵ̺ͼӲƤɽ޺۾жһ㴩˽ȥ
أ
䲻Ҷ͵Ϯɹ棬һŭ˻һմȥһԾȻʮ׸ߣҶ뵽渹޺ۣȻֻһѪûܽ俪ƶǡ
ҶķӦҲǼ죬ߵ㣬Ҫ½ʱʶָŷɽ𣬻һĻֱ澱һëȥ
ء
ŵķɽͭС۾¶һ˿ɫǿƱ׾壬ȻڿŤһ£ܹϮķɽббɳ̲׹ȥһεɫȳζѪЩʬʴĆ졣
ģû㰡ôֳˣ
վɳ̲ϵ׻Ŵ棬˲ɵۣµķǶԼģΨһܾԼСҶ죬ƺʮ֮ء
˵׻ˣҶ죬Ҳû뵽ֻ˵е޻ѶԸĹδжôǿ󣬵ٶȺЭԣǽ뻯׻ҲԶԶ
Ҷ׻ûܿצ濴µķʱȴ¶˾֮ɫ·һ㣬зˡءĹֽ


828 
зĹֽҶ׻ǰĳȻ䷢˸ı䡣
ɳ̲ϷʱԭƮɢɳ̲ǲγɵıȻ˲γһɫǽ赲סķ
أ
ǱҶɽˣûзҺе棬ڿǵǽͭĴ۾¶һ˿ɫƴڿŤת塣
ֻǸɽ˸֮ǰڿб任һηֻؿԼצӣӴǰɫҲ֮˽ȥ
Ҷү
Ȼɳ̲ϵۼһ𣬵׻ûеľɫΪ֮Դ󷢣ҪɱԼ֮࣬Ҷ췢˺
ģѪҵķɽӰ찡
Ҷʶע뵽ɽ֮Уȥ׻֮Χʱ򣬺Ȼ֣ԼԷɽƿزôӦˣԭ˸ķɽϣһɫҺ壬ԵЩ
ҶһɵĹȻ䵽ɳ̲ϣֻҶ׻û뵽ǣ䵽ɳ̲ϵѹûȥԼߵ׻ǵͷɳ̲ɴܶȥ
ǾڴʱҶ׻ͷžһ죬ƵУһ۵ͻأشֻͷֱ¡
ƺԤϻΣ֫ȵɳ̲ϵͬʱƴӴܣһ粢ûϡ
˾ֵǣûӳǵγɵǽǽ̺ǿܵ׹⣬Χʮ׵ĵطȾһƬ׺ס˵ĵ·
أۿһ£зһ˻͵ɳ̲һ̤ð׹⣬ǵǽɳ̲Χ
׵ĺڲ۾ҲЩֱδվȣǼ£ŵ⽫ûУŭҲԽԽС
ҵĽʧʱԶɽУͬʱĺУɽľΪ֮ɪɪ죬ɽ˲üžֻĺڻصš
֮㣬ԶȲϰɣЩҶ̲סпȥ˵е涼ˣĲ֪ɽʲôµ
⡭ô°
һֱӺɢȥ̧ͷƬգȻտûһ˿Ʋʣ׻еһҼ磬˺ѷΰʹʹ׻˹
ףӼ˰׻Сĵִһɢɳ̲ϵǽȴֳĶһ˿֮⣬ûκεĸо
׻ȱ׻߳ɳ̲Ҷֹƺɳ̲֮⣬δ֪ĵУɱ
ǣҶү׻һ£֮ҲղŵЩɫһס˽ţĲ˵ٳָļһֻƾ׸
⡭Ǽһ
׹ɢȥҶ첻ɵɴ۾ǽһƬһţɢһζ棬ֱ޷֮ǰǸ׼ļһϵ
ģе簡Ҷǰȥһϣȴû뵽һĸоӽŵ״Ҷһ¡
ϧˣҪǴȥǱȴèϡˣȫҲôһֻɣ
ȫ͸˵棬Ҷ첻ҡͷԶ϶Ӧþǡɽ棬Ҳ֤ʵйŴһЩ£δؾǹƾġ
Ҷү˭ץסⶫ
ΧûΣգ׻Ҳ˳ֻƬ¶ɫɳɳ̲ܽһʲôҲܼʱ˽ȥ
˵ĵҲǣ˵ץסɱѣ
Ҷ˵ͷȲ壬ֻشһŵᣬѸٶȺ;˵ķ¾ǳʮԽΣֱ޷
ף⼸̻û𻵵
ҶϲŪ˼£ȴСָϸӵĵ̣ûб׵ݻٵͨ˸һɹ󣬲ֽ
Ҷүʲô׻Ǽֹ̣⻬쳣˵ʲôǺء
ϵġҶڴóԼıɽż̶˹ȥ
ۣһ죬޺ۺ͵ײһ󣬾Ȼðһ𻨣Ǽں۵ĵ̣ȴǺ
öҶ۾һ޺ڱɫ֮ҶûϵĶɼ⼸֮ͣǰ̷洦ĺ⣬乥Ҳǲ
Ҷүղ£ô°
ҶǼ̣׻ȻĽҲûҶ˵ʲôҶ֮ǰСˣﻹҶȡ
Ҷͷɢɳ̲ϵ˵Щɫγɵģһɣطһ󷨣רֹ⵺޽ģ
ʵڿɳ̲ΧľʬʱҶоһЩ²⣬ղŷϵΣǼᶨҶ뷨һۿ߼ʵĵΧӦһ޴󷨣С
󷨣Ҷү˵ЩϽʲôŹ֮׻СģŹǴ˽˵ء
Źǰɡ
ҶҡҡͷҲԸ׻˵󷨣˿Ķߣ׼ȵģдеɱҲԶԶ֮һĪ⡣
Ҷ۲һ󣬶ɵˣ޷󣬾Ǻˣ󷨽һ֪жĺֽȥֻ˲ܰ쵽ɣ
Ҷүôûɶأ
׻Ͳ֪ĺ壬ֻδȥǴУһ˵ѹĵ׸е£һ̶ͣˡ
֪Ǵİɣ
ҶڽʱǴڻ״̬ģҲ֪Ǹʲôطֻǵãƺһѷ죬Լ׻ȥ
һ£Ҷ쿴׻˵û°ɣ
û£ҶүʲôԸ˵׻ҡҡͷȻʧȥһ򣬵֮ѾԿȫѪУڼ֮ڣϱ֮ϲ׻γɴӰ졣
Ǻãȥ⺣̽һ£ܷ⺣
˵ʵĵ죬ҶлЩη壬Щ޵ĺѪ֮ǿ󣬾ҶҲûȫˣο׻ƿأ
ãҶүǻ뿪ɣҶĽ飬׻Ȼ޳ˣһֻֽǾ뵽˺ˮ֮С
ոˣɡ
Ҷ콫뵽ʮ׵ĵطȵˮûʵʱ򣬲ŷȥ


829 ޵
ڿ̲ĵطǱȽϡģŴˮûڵĺ֮ϡ
Ҷүﵽʲôط
ǰ˴Լٶ׺ѾԶɳ̲γɵİɫΰΧסˣͿǰжԶ뿪ͷ·ҲѾģˡ
֪
Ҷͷһۣȷź̲ûߺ󣬿ʵ׻ǹҵЩŴ񻰹£ǲţ
񻰴˵ָμǡЩ
׻Զһ£¶ΪȻ飬˵ҶүЩС˵ŰҪпƼɽ֮ˣйôܾ˹Լվֻ¼أ
׻Ȼڹⳤģ˽ִͳĻķΧҪȹڸӺأμǡĹС˵֪ٴˡ
ڽйͳĻͬʱ׻ҲܵĻӰ죬Ȼ޷Щ֮˵ЩûѪ֮Ĵ˵Ŀء
ףԣҶүƼ𣿡
˵׻ȻһʱĿ⿴Ҷ죬Լ֮ǰҶһƬǴ˵еƼ
ɽЩˣƼɲֻһܰ쵽
Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷũɽֻӵ½طڣԼȻڣǰԳϣδؾ֣˵ݽˡ
ڵ귢ʲô飬ЩдΪûг֣ҲҶҪ׷ѰĴ𰸣Ȼûа취ȥش׻ˡ
ˣ
׻ЩȻشͷԼںȨΪҶ˵УǺεȵĿЦ
У滮ĻǾҪʧˣ
ҶȻͣס˻Ĵһصź󷽣ʱѾԶϵҲԽԽأѾ֣ĿǿҶ죬ҲֻԼܿһѡ
Ҷүô죿
׻ͷȥĿ춼ˣǰǰããһƬ׻ɻȻɫǽʳ͵ˮҪʧ⺣ϣ³ӵҡ
Ҷһ£˵Ǻ򻮰ɣ쾿ж󡣡
ʳ͵ˮҶ󵹲ǺܴڵΪʹĸٳʱ䲻ʳҲûʲôϵƾͿԲҪġ
ҶҲóȻǰˣڶ࣬˭֪ûУһǼģͲҶܿģҶҲԶƬ̲
Ҷ쿴һ׻֪ҲŲסˣ˵˯һɣҽ㡣
ðɣҶүģ׻˵ͷȻϱʧѪǺܶ࣬˺ǷǳģϾĸ߶Ƚţ׻Ҳ˿ҪıԵˡ
ƬĺˮǳƽκεĲֲʱʱгȺԾںϣʳ
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ֵǣʮСʱڲ߲ݣһֱŴ߶ǰУҲܻʮϣҶʼûܿʱԭ㣬֮ѾԶԶҶԤ롣
һ׶೤ĺԾˮ棬Ҷʳָһꡱһ۾һץ˳˯׻ߡ
׻ҲǷ͸ˣôĶ۾ãȻؿҶһ£Ժؿʵôˣʲôˣ
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Ȼûͬһ޴ڣЩʳڽṹѷ˱仯ÿһѪУ̺žҲֱӾܱա
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Ҷ׻˹Щ׻ʱɵۣΪ뻯٣ǹȻ˹ʱ·ߣѹͲ֪

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һ£Ҷ쿪˵ҵУȴûа취㣬Ҳգʹɡ
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죿ôôãҶĻ׻Ӷ˳ĸоУԼ˯һûж೤ʱ䡣
ֻ䣬׻ĶӾֱ֪͡ҶԲ飬ּĸоҲ˲öԣһո͸ĺ
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ʧȥұ֮׻ԸǱó֪࣬νġɵУʵǲɱв̤ҪĴ۾Լ
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ƿǿľɵķţʱһɻҳҶһһЩҳƮҶϣʵĻŸ档
׻ȲҪ
Ҷ֮ûŽЩҳɢеƷҪ֪һЩܷ޷ͨĵطէȻӴ˲䷢źܶ࿼ŷУʵ顣
ľһΪǰҶվ⴦УһľһľΣһڷһ׶ߵľ
ҲҶ첻ҪԭΪϣ𻵵ĳֽ֮⣬ҪľͷˣһЩҾۣ߱ľ֮⣬̶ܴҲԱء
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ľϵЩ֣ҶɫȻúǹ죬⡭ⲻǵҵۡ𣿿ɡôأ
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ҶȻҡͷⲻܣ˾񲻹ֻмѣ˵䵱ɽ𻯳ˣôأ
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Ϊڽľ֮ǰҶͷӦΣΪ뵽ںҶţǶǰֻһܽ𵤴ˣҲ޷ȫԼϢ
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Ȼݶ˿˿Ƶ͸ֲķ϶ǽķǳҶĿ߰ƽСľм䣬ȷһˡ
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ʵ׻ԸЩģĻĶ࣬ʹĶҲȥѯʡ
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ֻһжԪƶϳģҲ֪Ԫ֮δȥܴ䣬ԪֻǻΪеĶƾûκƾʵݡ
ڿǰ֮ҶͻȻʦʱ˵£֮μһģһ˼п޵֮ˣ־󣬻һҶҲ֪ľ硣
ʦĳˣһᣬ׻ҲˣˣҲ£ֺξˣֻǰ̫죬һʱЩʧ롣
֪Ҳ˵ĳ˰ɣ
ҶҡҡͷҪǻܻش׻⣬޵һ;ϵĶ֪̫٣Ҳ֪ǷĻڣ
ˣҪȳȥɡ
ǰˣҶ³˼ݣ¶һЩ伮صĴྶͥҶ컹ҪһЩľ򣬿ܷҳ
ݺҶ׻˵׻ȥɣԼӺץ㣬ɽϪˮעⲻҪ뺣̲Զ⵺ϵĶﲻܶԸġ
Ҫ˵ľλãһأôڸɽұڵɽ֮£Ա߾һϪ겻ֹɽϸǳ˸ֲ治ƾڵҲ֪ǲǵģ
ǣʦ֪ˡ׻Ӧһ˳ľݣһ߲֪ȥʬһ¶оŤȥˡ
⡶Ϊѵ
ɢϵľҶĿȻһΪ֣ϽǴһľϣƺдἸæֽ˹
ᣬӰټʱڣغ೯׷Ѱǧꡭ
ľд֣һ޵ҿصɴҶɫҲڲϱ仯ţô벻Ҽ1247ĩᣬȻôͷ
ȻǺͿһɽһ޵֮ˣ䴫кһֱɽУ޴ǧꡣ
ֻδᣬһֱܵôУȻ򣬴Цųɽ
ĩ䣬ΡԪ쳾ģΪҲͻͽ̶̵ٶ꣬ɽ𵤳ڽ𵤺ڣԪӤ١
û뵽ǣԪӤٵʱؼȻѿһռ϶˽ȥԭΪǷˣȴǷ֣ԼȻ˴˵еġɵ
ںɽ֪ҪԶҶö࣬޵ʱɽͱΪʥأֻһֱƯںϣдԵ֮ˣżȻУ紫˵Щ˶ɽľϼˡ
ǽ뵽ɵŷ֣ʵǲ٣ȴഫ˵еޣкܶ޵ʵ֮¡
Щ֮⣬ϲûĴڣǰЩ˵ɵˣȫʧˣʮʱ佫ɵһȦڿԿ϶ΪĻûеڶ˺ġ
ԭҲ뿪죬֣ڡĿУһƣ𵤺ڵΪ޷ͻƣ뺣ǧ׵ĺϣͬôһƣ͵ܽܳ
ԭɽǧ꣬񵭣ȥ͵ǻûиоʲôʣ޽һľݣ⵺ԣĵط
ǣܵŨ֪ǲǶԪӤ׽ʱϵԵʣľһֱͻƽ𵤺ڣԪӤ׽Ҳûгֹ
ڵ֣ᷢٳ޷ͻƵԪӤ磬ڻǧԼĴҪˡ
һ׷ѰᣬֻһͿɲδЩʣľ֣׼ƤңýתΪԪӤԪһǷܴؼ
ѡ֮ǰԼ޵ǧĸָЩѻľݸľ򣬶ʱԿȥԵ˵ġ
Ԫ󵽵ô˰صȻֹҶͷǱèצӸץһ޲óȥѯǾƤҡ
ԣ𵤺ڵΪ޷ǡҪˣ
ҶȻ뵽һ£ʱ亹ܣҪ֪֮ģɲ⺣϶ȹһӰ


834 
׻˵쳾ģҶŻ˶ʮ갡öûҲ˵ĸȥĻԲûôء
ԵƪҶһʱľ飬µĹ伮һĵö˲ˡ
֪վ˶ãҶųصĽŲȥ˾ʬһ㣬جج֪Ȼֱ΢ĺ紵ϣҶžһЩ
ʦôˣ桭Ǹ˾˭ҶһľȻı飬׻æеһ֦ӭȥ
Ҷ鿴Щľʱ׻ȴºץ˼㣬ں̲һȻ̺ӷḻִ˻ǻеϰߵġ
ǵᣬ֪ûУ
׻ĻҶ쾫һЩôһں֮ϵģּį˷ˣҶɲ뵱ִޱѷ
᣿
֣׻ԼܺҶҵͬˣ˸߲ҵ˵ԭžǰɣµһСɳ֣͵ʦ֣Լһ䵱ɣ
ں⻪Ȧм˵ӰҪι쵼˶ߣСӰӣڹʲôйܻϲ
ĻȦӹС˵ͬҲˣл˵ĵطܿӹС˵״Ҳ⣬һȱŽӹС˵Իо峯ʷ
ԵҶᵽֺ׻λС˵еϵϲλֿȭɽд½ڣ㿴˺ü顣
С˵Ƕ˰
Ҷһֿ׳յĿ⣬׻ػؿ˰֮̾ӰټҵʱڣͿīͬһʱˣ䵱ģ֣ȴûһëǮĹϵ
ԣʦӹдˣǱֵġ׻ҶĻϿɣŲִڵʱ򣬻ƿڴء
һ߿ȥСٰ֪
ҶȻ˼Ҳ׻Ļˣּصʷû˿֮׻Һͽӹһʱܵ˴Ӱ죬ȵٹЩС˵£ͻΪνʷˡ
϶˵Ǽٵģദ׻Ҳ֪ԼСʦԸȻԵ飬ƽʱȴǺܺദĺҶ˵Ҳ
ʦûԶˣտõ㣬˵ĺĺⱲӶûԹôóԵģ
׻տջǲϾЩ֮ĵϣһǹζʵ˴ΣݵҶ׻ʵʦˣ𣿡
ûᡣ
ԭ˵ʳҶ죬׻һ仰ָʳȫޣǴڿ֦ϵĺŵϺ˵Ҳģٶ궼ûܳȥ𻯹ˣ
ٶꣿȻ˰
׻¶ĽɫžͷӦ˹ʦ˵һֱûܴƵȥǡҲȥˣ
׻겻ʮͷֱ۷ʱ̣Ȼû˼ںȨ˼ҲԲԸⲽɱĵ϶ȹһⷬܵĴҶ컹Ҫصöࡣ
ҶЩȷ˵ͻƵԪӤ磬ܴӳȥɣ
Ҷ˵ģԣ⵺вͬڽ𵤺ڵޣȴûһܽ뵽ԪӤ硣
֪ΪΣ⵺ʼղԪӤ׽٣ٶУԪٽʱ󷨣ȴǱ󷨺Ԫһ⡣
㣬ܽ뵽ԪӤ磬˺Ľ磬ӶӳƬôסĵطֻȴûˡ
ԪӤڣʲô磿ʦӦõ˰ɣҶĻ׻һ
ΪС˵жǸ˵ΪӦԶҶ죬Ͼ׻ۼҶƼֱֶˣٶ£Ǳ׻Զ˵ˡ
ԪӤ̧̫ˣ
Ҷ¶˿Цֻڸ߶Σ滹𵤴һҲ֪ûл뵽ԪӤ磿
ڿļغҶҵĸоȻҲǸڵСʿʹܽ뵽ԪӤڣҲǧˣȴҶ޷ܵġ
Ǿ͡Զȥˣ
׻ʶ̬ԣһƨ˵ϣй̵ĿԼǰҲоʹˡ
Ҷſںȵ̺һ˿ţͬʨӺһ㣬׻͵ؾ˹
ȥҲȥ
Ҷ¶һ˿ᶨ˵׻ҶץҪԱ֮˵ҵ·Ϊ⵺޵Ĺ֮
ļأ⵺в൱ڽڵĴǿʵ󷨽ģֻҪ˵ļʱ׽Ҳδ˵ЩԳ뵽ҲǾȫĵط
ǣʦһ
ҶĻ׻һ亹ܲܳȥЩǺ󻰣ɵ޵вȴʵʵڵģԼʧȥұ۾õ֤ˡ
Ҷһ£˵죬϶ЩйľΧǧ׶û޵ĹǺʱӦǰȫģ׻ľɣ
ʦһǿ⺣ߺˣ̫Ļˡ
׻֣ںҲǸݽɫֻľ̫죬󱳶ѿˣ֪Ļǻ᲻ε⸽ҹأ
ǰôУôϢ
Ҷ챻׻˵ĿЦã̧ľȥ˵˵Ϊǰ˵ƤҰ˰ɡ
ðɣʦĻȻǲܲ׻鲻Ըظȥ
Ҷ쵹ûΪ׻׻ľݺ󷽵˸ӣԼǽ׶
ףʲôҶ챧Ǿ߳ƤҵͬʱȻоź£һɲֻϱᣬҶȴϾ鿴
ʦ⡭ôˣ
Ҷ챧ʬߵɽʱոһӵ׻Ȼȥ¶˾֮顣
ҶԽʬǷ˵ϣʱ֣ԭͳʬͨں¶·ƤȻۿɼٶڸš
ĪǺ͸ղŸоǹйϵҶͷðһͷ


835 
ʬȻѸٸţȴûκζɢǧ꣬ǸѪ⣬ѱ˲֮ڵˮӷ֮˳ľһĸʬ
߸ʬҶľԼйѳŮʬͬʧȥڵˮֺͬīһͨںڣȴǲˡ
˲ɣվǻģ
Ҷ̾ѣȻѧˣΪǿ𵤴޷ѭԪ⣬øĽ֡
ʦǿſȥɣʬ仯̣׻ȻǳԲ˵˵ľˣˡ᲻Ҳ˰
ǵϢȻȥɣ
ǰᣬҶ첻뵽Լ⵺ϵΣһʱ˵ζ׻ҶСĽʬ뵽֮С
³իӽǾΪ꣬ϵشۣϹ³իӽǾɣƹ׼
ûҶˡ˾оһ˰ԶȥΧоԾɽڵ޺жͣЪˣ·ΪһʦС
˰֮Ҷоͣſһ£һɫâȥ뵽ұ֮УҶ䣬޺۴͸ұڻһâֱ븹С
ҶһУһ鳤Լףʮֵʯұصزķǰ¶ڵϣֻһ׳ͷ
ͨ΢Ի֮ĹҶ쾴
Ҷʳָ磬һѿ̵һ㣬֮ʯдʮ֣⡰ͨ΢ԻˡţȴӢڻʵ۸Ĵͺţͨ΢Ի֣պ÷ݡ
Ĺǰ˺һᣬҶת뿪ȻĶ츣أҲһӱ⡰ɵϡ
׻ڸأ
ҶصľУ׼µĵҵ伮ԼĹĵһµʱ򣬶кȻһصĺæݿȥȴ׻Ȼϥԭ𻯵λϡ
׻ڵ״̬ȻЩףͷ꣬嶼ڲסţ˫۽գŤӣʾڳŷǳʹࡣ
԰֮ʢԶԶΪѽ
Ҷ붯ֽ׻ƿȴͣסˣΪ֣׻ڣӿһɾ֮İϳˢ׻Ѫܾ
Ҷ쾪ǣ׻ϵұۣҲڷϸ΢ı仯һ˰ԶǶ۵ĵطȻⳤ׵Ѫ⣬׻ԭȫ𻵵ľָȥ
ֻ׹Ƕ˵˵Ͼڴ˵еģǹҲ޸׻ұ۵ľʹˣ׻ҲǳպҲΪΪ޷ˡ
ãＫطҪܲסˡ
޸׻ұ۵ľҶ췢֣׻ȻܲסǹȵƺҪæһһŽ׻Ƴһ׶Զ
ʦҡôˣ
Ȼ޸Ƶʱ׻˺ܴʹ࣬뿪Ǹŵͬʱ׻ȴǸе̩ͨ֫ٺתһ˿Ͱ
׻˰ΣҶҡͷ̾Сӵһãȥ˹һԼΪɣ
ղŵǹ޸׻Ҽƣͬʱչľ̶̵ֻİСʱʹ׻뵽˻ڣֽٶȣȵҶ컹Ҫֲ
ֻҶļλʦֱ׻Ļȴǲ̫࣬Ƕ֣˵ļҿˣڵХ춼򲻹
ףҺΪ־ˣʦȳȥˡ
ҶĻ׻¶ϲɫһ۵ϵǸ󣬴Ҵҵ뿪˷䣬ʱľǸɺԵϪֲȥ
ⶫأȻ׻ƣ׻ȥҶߵǰϵǸ
ѵľԵʯ
Ǹͨ巺ɫ沼·ԲҶҡҡͷΪôǾʯһӴ׮µľͷһ㡣
Ծ֪ˣ
۲˰֮ҶҲѧ׻һƨȥʱ˿˿Ƶ뵽Ҷڡ
ûľ
ڷɻʧµʱҶһЩˣľ뵽ʱЩʱһգϤĸоҶò
ҶΪȻ׻ͬն׻Ϊ̫ͣǲҩ뵽Ҳʹʹ֣ҶͲˣ˿˿Ƶľ˶һֲ
ֲԱˮֲʧԭðƾǹߣҶҲ顣
һԣʹЩе¸ɮ޵ˣ𻯹ɺҲֻּܱⲻڵˮֺѪȴǻġ
ľȻˮֵĻԾԣ궼ûʹʧɼ֮ˣͨÿСʱܱ֤١ٲ
޵߶ԣⶫĹЧҪҶ죬ˮڶɵģ˽֮ƽϵ߸˿һ㣬һ΢ǿһЩƽͻᱻơ
ľļ룬ȴһںϼںһֱʱҶڵĽʼ뵽ҶǰҶʣҲ𽥷ű仯
ʱҶ죬뵽֮УںϵḶ́µ飬ѱ֮ԺתڣϢȫһ㡣

ʦʦѰ
֪˶ãһƺԶߵҶ붨о˹һӿ³Ҷ컺۾
׻ɨһۣʱ׻һ㬵˵棬ҲҿھҶˡ
ڽ뵽ˣҶ첢ûд׻ǲ̽˺һᣬϲ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ԭΪֻڵĸ߶ΣҶĹ㣬ʹʯҪҲҪʮ֮ûȫں֮󣬾Ȼֱӽ뵽ڣֻһܴﵽڵΪˡ
ҶµﴦȻֻǴӵתȴǷˮǻǽ𣬶һҶҲûţҶܸо֮ǰȣȴʵı仯
Ҷ쵤Ϸ޺ۣƺҲһЩı䣬ǽ֮ϵɫâȥЩ豹ĸоԵǰʵ޻
Ҷָоʹ飬Ҳһս֮ˣҲ֮ǰȫ޻֮ʱˡ


836 ḻԴ
ʦû°ɣ
ҶԼϣ׻̲ס˸ȻҶ첢ûпͷųԼƣεѹ׻ϥǶЩˡ
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ҶҡҡͷЩ˵붨ǰǴ㣬ҪΪξ
һҶĺôǲԶģָоȵԼȫͨںϵĵ˵ܽ뵽ڣֻԵȴǱ׻ƻˡ
ʦ붨ˡ
׻һЩί˵⵺ϵҰ޺ЩɧһЩɳ̲ˣľݾɽ̫ʦܵ˺
׻ȻǰƷôֵóƵҶһûǸТ֮ˣڰҶΪʦ׻ȷҶ쵱˳Ǻǰˡ
ԵһЩǿҰ޿ɳ̲ζ뽫Ҷѣ쵺޻׻Ź˲Ҷ˹
붨ˣ
Ҷһ£׻ĻȴûУõԼʧٰ࣬ļ˽żʲôģ
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̾˿ҶһץϵŶʱҶ쿴һ׻˵굹û׹ֻһܽ쾳磬Ȼͷһ֮ɣ
ллʦ׻ԶʱϲæֺƵ׼ӹҶеǸ
ʧȥұ֮׻ʶֻоԵʵģҶУҲûţƾ֮ǰľ磬һ˻ڡ
Ҷ˰֣˵ԼžͺˣⶫЩŹ֣֮¾ΪӴ˲Ǻ£
ⶫ̺ľ˹ȻǴģ׻˵Ｋط׻޲ֵȥӴþǼ£ҲҶڴ˴ġ
ʦ⾿ʲô״Ķ׻ҲǺúܣ֪Լٶ֮죬ԼⶫľǷֲġ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ͷǲмذɣ
ԭҶΪⶫľʯԼʱȴ鲢ȥЩľ׮Ķ̺Ҫľʯӵؾ⡣
Ҷ׽ȻǸ֣ȴһ֪ȻҲֱ治ⶫֻıʼҵ
𣡡
˵ĵڣԶɽУȻһŭ֮ľɪɪһҳͷľƮ
ҶһǰƾճһγɵУݵĻҳȥҶüͷ˵ţ޵ΪӦڣΪλ
Ȼɽ޵һЩҶ첢ҶܿЩΪߣƺǲδһûũеëͷͨԣбɽڣҶ㹻ĵȥս߳Լޡ
ʦеҰ޶ܱ꣬вѾ׸ˡ
׻ֻǺΪҪʳˮ֣ÿ죬׻Ữžв㣬ľΪĵһǧ׿ɳ̲ϣҰ޳󷨵Ρ
׻ĵǣʹǿҰޣҲһܵסƾնף뵺֮⣬󲿷ֶ׺׻Ʒ˲ζĿ⡣
дţ㲻ú£
׻ĽߺҶһᣬ˵˵ļأȥɣ
Ҷţ⵺꣬һЩֵģǶѻľݽľ˵ЩԼҪ˽Ķ½׻˳ȥһЩľ

ľ򣬴󲿷ֶǼԼǧ޵ĵãԸ綼ĺϸЩݿҶͷȻʣ⿪˲еĲ֮һ仰ʹҶ
ֻһҶľٶȾͱû࣬µʱ䣬Žеľ򶼹ϣҲĵãһЩģһЩʼǣв⡰ɵϵļš
Щź󣬶ԼһֱõǸšҶҲ֪
ԭ⿰һƬ½صĵϣһ־޴ľҶ֮ǰΪķɣľ͵Ҳߴףڵϲһֻʮá
ֱֻмʮֵţʵľģһκ͵ʱһž޺Ӷѵ׮ܵһֲ
ۿٴͽɢһľ˳ճţΪľģ۷ǳߣÿ档
ڵõľ֮Ҳľ⣬ֻһЩԶʵǿޣ᱾Ӿͺ񵭣һҲˣûиж
μغҶҲȥľĵ˼ᶼηޣҲǽ𵤼ģҶӽˮôȥˡ
Щ޳ɳ̲飬ҶҲıʼеõ˴𰸡
ԭסĴÿʮĳʱУ󷨵ñƽʱϺܶ࣬ɴ˱ڵϵޣѡʱ󷨣ʱһ֮á
Ҷ׻뵽ʱ̯ޱڣ׻ҲͲΪˣľڵĵطΪ棬ҲģҲЩ޳ˡ
ʼмֵϢȴ֣ӴĵУľˮʯûһֻȱģΪϡľʯҲ⵺Ϻḻġ
ֻ𵤺ڵΪѾ޷ʯˣҲûȥЩʯҲҶûľ﷢κһʯԭ
ļأȴҶϲҪתΪţʯеȴǿֱӱܣʯҶĽչӵѸ١
׻֮ǰʱ䣬ľ˰˾ŸµҶ죬һγľݣֽɳ̲ϴ׻ٻ˹
ʦˣҶ׻æӭҶһûбչأ׻ǾҶѯһЩʱ⡣
ӽòһܴ꣬Ӻתˣ
Ҷ콫һˮʯݸ׻а̾СãλʦֵһʮˣҲֻ׻൱
ǹļңΪûкʵʯ޷תΪţһֱľ֮С


837 ɣ
ʲô׻Щɻؽӹˮʯǹ̼һ𣬼̶¶ϲɫ
׻ܸоõīһʯͷ֮У̺ŵǹȻֱתΪΪҪǣתɵƺ֮ǰЩͬ
뵽죬Ҫһ־תţת䣬ʹúͬԵʯļһֱں۷޷ԭҶûҵԵʯˡ
Ҷ⼸У׻ͺ֮õˮʯ׻ϲ֪ԼҲҪ쾳磬ӵкʦһͨˡ
ǰôû˳أҶҡͷ̾˿˵ʱľϴЩġ
ʦʱģ˺ܶ£Ժһ˵ģ
ҶĻ׻¶ɫʶǶһ䣬ڽ뻯֮׻ľͨǰ飬ҲǸоڲѡ
ȥͲˣúɣ
Ҷ˰֣ܿ׻Ϊľ׻Ҳ˸ı䣬ǰϵ˿ѾȫȻʧˣ֮񵭺̹Ȼ˵׻ľҲ˺ܴĸı䡣
ʦҪȥĶأ
Ҷ콻󣬷ľԲǸɽС׻ɴʧɫæʦɽеЩһɲöԸﰲȫЩ
ҶչԼľʱ䣬׻ĿЩ޵ǿ󣬷ݵز˵һɽ֮ܣۼһ׵ޣȻӲؽһɽͷײϡ
Ȼ׻֪Ҷǿ󣬵ҶЩޣ׻ǾԲῴҶģųֹҶ뵽ɽС
޷㰲ͺˣһСĵģ
ڲľҶ˽⣬ԶԶ׻Щľϣе޵ʵֲԼ̷ΧʵǿޣǸռһˮˮġ
⡰ɵУͿޣֻҲи׶ˣǾǿú൱޵ߵĽ𵤾ʱӵʮ꺢ӵǡ
޵ʶǶǷǳҪģһȻԣޣȴ֮٣ڵʮ꣬Ҳʮѡ
ʮ֮Ϊޣ϶ػԼĵ̣ƽʱǱ޵УٳҲǵΧҶֻҪ̤оͲܵ
Щ֮⣬һЩڽؿޣҲҶܶԸģҶʱΪѾ뵽ڣҲֻһ֮ʹ򲻹ܻмְյġ
ȻҶҲеõҪȥЩ޵鷳ɽĿģΪЩԵʯǷܳ⵺죬ʯҪӿ֣ջҶ޷ܾġ
ʦҪСĵ㰡׻ĵںһ֮ҪҶʦڣҶҪɽʱÿġ
֪ˣ죬һܣҾͻģҶ˰֣һ̤ƾʮף˲뵽֦Ҷïɽ֮С
ûдﵽΪ޲ԪҺξǣ
ɽС·ϵҶ죬һƬ̹ȻȻ⵺϶ʶкܴƣҶ컹ܸӦΧԲһľ󣬾ʲôʵǿޣҲаǰܿġ
ţﵹǶ츣أȻӵڵΪ
Ҷ뵽ɽʮ๫󣬺Ȼͣ˽ŲΪԼǰ˰ٶ״һɢһ˵ϸӦ˺һᣬҶ¶˾ݡ
һʼҶ첢ûзǺӦ֮󣬲ŷ⾹Ȼһֻĥ̴Сĸ󡣬嶼ϣϻҺڵɫ󼸺һģһѱ˷֡
ҶʶӦֻ˶ޱȵĸʱƺоʲô岻Ųһ˫ǿưĴ۾ĴɨţŴ棬ع
𣡡
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ģŷĸ󡹦ôİɣ
ʵǸ°͹͵ʱҶͼһСģôû뵽ǰŻסĤ£Ҷ춼оֱ졣
˺һᣬǺƽϢǸ·˲٣Χ˺ܴһƬյء
ҶЩ͵Ķ䣬϶һ˿أԼ֮ǰЩС⵺ϵˣʹû޳޷ʶЩǻǱŶԣǰ۵ġ
һɤ֮ǸƺҲЩƣȻԸоΧڿԼҲҲĹһ֮Ӵس뵽֮УƬ޵еĴڣǲбϮԼ
ҶҲûƿ˸ĵ̼ɽȥеĿģȴǾɳ̲һŷɣļأǿһ̺ŲԵʯ
ȻǸľģʯҶȻǺŵƵġ
ﲢںĹЧǱʯ߱ģһʯ֣صˣڶʱڻָǶһ
ӺϿǿ÷ɣǰһ㣬нʱҶŷʲôɽɽ죬ȻֻܿյڣɵӰӶ
ҶνǲģȻЩѹɽɲǿ޲أһЩСĴڣüζҪҶ
ڴһʳ˻ȥ쳣滹һЩУһ޺ӡ
Ҷ߾ʱǻһھͽҶ˽ȥʮԹЧĶͬʱҶȥҶ췴Ӧÿ죬ڵһʱͷųֲη𣬿ʳ˻ĿС
ڴһĴָСϣϵСȴǧֻһжҶۼһֻΪڵޣȻЩСϳԵͷӶʣ㡣
ҲҶСʱΪ˾һЩΣյҶԸһĹ򣬲ѹҲҶڵΪ׹ڣҲֻһ㴰ֽˡ
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ɽа˲ʮ죬ǿ÷ɣ棬̧ͷſ˵ɣҶϵľ֮Ա


838 Ϯ
ҶǰһǧԶĵطһôִ׵ľסҶȥ·ҪҶ㹻Զ϶ΪǰһΡɽ
ھĵ׶ˣִɳɲα鲼ڷԲǧ׵ĿյϣеֱӲ뵽ʯ֮УһԹ۸ӣһ𣬽ò̧
þķԲʮ๫ڣŨľ֮еֲﶼ֦Ҷïһ۵žǸ÷ɣһһ㡣
ôһɢ֦ɣȺ⨺֦ϷóıӶһߣܺõסԼΣ׼ʱһ
Ӧþ˼صľڵĵطˡ
޴ڵľҶ쳤ĳ˿ʮгʵԾ˿ͷǽڣƾ֮ǰΪҶڰ·ˡ
˵һޣֻ˵ʱŻˣӦûʲôΣհɣ
ҶŲȥǿôԽԽ𾪣ΪǸľ棬þģǴܽôһòݻٵɼڸ˵սǶôĿɲ
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Ҷγھİٲʱھײ֦ϷȺӣͻȻһ󱨾ֻĴȺʱɧ׷ߴȥ˲ʧ˷ï֦Ҷ֮С
Ҷͣס˽ŲԭǣֻΪߵıӣҲͻȻܵʲôһ㣬һͷϴȥɿس뵽µĲݴͷûлһ¡
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Ҷֳһ˿ɣηɿȥҪ֪ȻûޣѾٶǰˣ˭֪Ƿ˸ռˣ
νġɵУĿνǲɱҶ˿Ҵ⣬ֱ˳һǧ֮⣬סΣͷųʶϸ̽
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ԼǸľΧϸѲһ֮ҶûУȻһݣĪ൱ڽڵĴѰģ
Ҷ֪Ϊͽ𵤴ֱȫͬնľ磬ڳ֮Ϊ·ĺӣǽ𵤸ˣ͵ǳ׳һ׳Դ򵽳ɰٻǧĺӣ߾Ͳһϡ
Ҷ֪һ·ûнڴ£ŸѰľĵģʹһӣҲԴ뵽ĳ֮УǼֱͺࡣ
ղȺͱӵΪһǿĴڳˣҶʶȻ޷ֵּΣգʱЩëȻ޳ĴҶҲõĽ͡
˿Ҷס˺һôϴµľ޴֦ɺϢȫޡ
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ҶողغΣͻȻһ飬ͷͻһ£ϸ룬Ҷǰ˳ȥͬʱſһ£һâ
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ܳʱҶͷѾŤת˹ȥһͨڵǳìһβԼ
ĶλãһֺɫĽҶţղԼҪǷӦ΢һĻʱǺѾⶫˡ
ȻҶĶ죬һ㣬Ȼ겻ɢظҶ棬ƾҶ켸򣬶ûܽ˦
Ҷľǣ屩¶֮󣬴ӵͿͬʱ߰˸ӲһŴҶǵصȻҶ磬ɹĿռҲԽԽ١
˵˰Ͽû˵ɣϲ˰ⲻ𣿡
Ҷ켸ͻİΧȦ³ֵ˻ȥ֪ЩĹΣҲóȻûķɽӴֻд
ԣЩɣȻӴ󣬵һûǣҲûκεĹֻǴľ֮ԹϵûһἰҶΡ
ʶʳ˻˲佫һͷ¹ѪˮĲ״Ҷ˵ʲôЩӴԼ壬ֻʱƣһֶӺҶͷ֣ӲΧˡ
үģҪҰ
һŴۿԼҲ޷ӳˣҶ콫һᣬЩô˵ҲֲӦùƷɽγɵĻ彣½ڵһ٣˻һâʱķ˳ȥ

һǸǽײҶͻΧķ򴫳ҶЩȻ޺۵Ľʱͱľм׷شӿƮ
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ӲؽǴһȱڣҶ˲ٶ⣬ղŵһ֣Ҳд󶨣ϮԼĿ϶ǽڵĴһָͷܽԼαطô˼أ
ಡಡ
شҶģһƿյȴٶЩѸٵ׷ղҶնϵЩǾţһëû˼Щĸ
ƺоҶԶԸοлһЩϸɣ֮Ҷӭͷ£ǹ֮Խһ˸ҵ֮£ȻҶĻܿġ
ģɣĪĳɾˣ
Ҷһţһƿڴиʺʮ˴ˣҪǿıʼǣҶһӣҲطġ
һٶ׺Ҷ췢֣ԭһƬݵص·ʱ֪ΪζһƬ֣೤ľ̾һСذһ㣬ɱ
Ӻƴˣ
ǰ׷·ҶеǹѪҲ˳β˷ŷɽ뵽֮Уֻڿſµ֦ɡ
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űһϵҶϺȻ¶һ˿ݵЦݣһץĳ֮һɫĻ⣬ͻأسϡ
ӺˬǰɣҶľһߣҶǰըϸСĻЩ֮ϡ
ģ֮ѹɵԪĸӵĴ󣬳֮⣬𲻻ɷ
һը󣬾ڿһⵯʹǱһĻմȾЩһȼܴҶܣͻȻһ硣
ţ
ǰĳҶͷˬЩǿһֻǻûӳЩԭΧǼһ˻ȥΧȻÿ
ƮϿɶģһջȥʱ;Ļľȼˣ̶ֻ̼ʱ䣬Ǿĸײͱû


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Ǹʲôˣݻ𷸣
ǰһƬ𺣣ҶҲЩɵۣĸɲһһҲǿƲסƣֻɴ𲻶ϵӣۿҪյǿ÷ɣ档
ΣҶҲе㲻֪룬οٵȥΪĵطﶼǿ÷ɣĸһȼҶɾԷˡ
ԼǷһѻѾֵĹҶǸûϣղŷԣǷɣֶԸҶ벻Լﻹбĵˡ
ˮ𣬸ľԵĿǣһųȥΧƺҪȼ
Ƭ֮䣬ЩΧҶͱճ˻ҽѾڵһЩ֦ɵȼˣϢϵĶҲˣһ˻
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Ҷһߺˣһ߶ݺݵհɣʯҲղ˵ֲϲƽûô׼ļһ
ղžĳ֣ҶЩɱϵˣʱ뵽˵Уһ˿ȱ֮ģ̫ţҶټһѻ
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ڻԽԽʱ򣬴ǲϣȻƮƮһϸ꣬Ȼ󣬵಻ǸΧһ㱻һ㣬Ƭ֮ϡ
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Ҷ¶һ˿Цѹ۶ɵ𣬾ǷˮҲȼƮǻϽͣҶ֮ԽԽġ
ףԣô
ҶԹ۵ʱͻȻ֣ϸ䵽֮ϣƾȻסˣˮƮ䣬һƬյ춼Ⱦ˵ĻϨȥ
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ҶϸظԼϵˮ¶һ˿𾪵ɫˮУ̺һɿһ㣬Ҷͷһǻŭ𶼸ˡ
ľҶʱ֣ˮǴģ÷ɣ߿֦ҶڳģҶûв´ĻӦþǹ
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ۿ޷ЧҶͷһĸоþʵ̫󣬸ղǵյ֮һ޷ʹ˽ǣҶΨһ;ˡ
Ҷ컹ЩģȵƮ껨ɢȥǰȥһȫ˻кܴյġ
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Ҷٶ׵ʱЩ֦ȴûٶϮҶʱһϲǺ;ţֻҪڳʯҶͻȥ
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̶̵ʮҶһԼףԲľ״ͷܿٵĹҶӦԷȵվǰҶֻὫһô
ءжʮֵĻ˫ӨӨ̹۾ϵҶɨţ̺һ˿η壬ȻҶǰѻˡ
ֻΪľʯ㾮ˮˮΪιң
Ҷһ˵ͬʱһŻ֮ϣŵǹˣ嶼˾֦ϣǼֻҪҶӳţϾͻ߶ؽ档
Ȼ֮ܽУ⵽Ǹʲôﰡ
ҶʱѾ˹ϮģӦòǷɣǰֻΪԼͷųȥ˹ų֮ǰϷڳ¶
أҶ첢ûӳţǹĵƺ˼֣зһֽУ֫Ȼչ˲γһŴҶ츲Ƕ
ģ
оҶͷڵҲͺ£ǽҶһѻˡ
ҶҲǿֹͷŵģ̧𣬽Χӭ˹ȥ
ಡȻôߣողųԹĿȴûٷҶľٶ糤Ƥ޵Ѹٵص˻ȥ
ģⲻǺɽ𣿡
ǹĴҶͷȻðһʣڿǲٻŮĻ꡷ĵӰʱ治ôһĻ
ˣһֻḷ̌˴ʱҶڷӦ˹Ȼһֻ֡
ݵҵ伮еļأν֣¾֮ȻγɵһֿɳͶֵͬγӿ̣ǧ꣬ܲһ˿
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ǰľ֮ʹӦ÷ɣܰ쵽ģǾγɵģҲܽһЩ
֮ûڱʼ¼飬˵صʱľ̻ûȫγǣ֮ųģþͱҶˡ
Ҷµûḷ̌ȷֻһٶ꣬嶼δֻͣǷɣģʹҶ졣
ֻڻΪľ̺÷ɣѾˣɣڸܵ𹥻в󣬶Ͼ˶ľ̵ӦҲʹűƵֳ
û˺㣬ľ֮鱾Ӧм죬ΪҪң
Ū׹Ҷͷ˿η壬ſһ£һͬһӣ˸ŲľϯȥûľκεķӦзȥն˵ϡ
أ
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ͬϢҪɱҵģľȻ˼οͷȴ˿ãһ޵ʶ뵽ҶԺ֮С
ͬϢ
ǹʶĺҶ첻סˣһתʱ˹ԭǸţȻǴľȡģ
ֹȻǺöǰḷ̌Ҷ촽ֲùŴЩǶôϲħء


840 ľʯ
Ҷ֮ǰõľԵʯǺǸľȣ߼ֱͲͬն
ľ̺ľҪʯӵľ⣬ԣʧȥ˾֮ľľԾͻһһ֣ȵմⶫҲֻЩǿˡ
ٶȫǿľеά֣֮ǰֱҶյ˲٣ѾЩϡˣҶĹ㣬øľͺܲˡ
Ҷȵ׻֮󣬽Ŷֽ⿪һЩʺͨ˿ԹҴĹҼ󷨽Ҽеסʹʧٶȷŵ
ľ洦Ƿǳģ֮ЩаķҪǿǧٱͨ˳ƽʮ٣ôһţ㹻ҶԼÿ˶һˡ
ݽЩ˵֪Ҷ˼һ׼ƿڴǸܼӡ
Ҫ֪ľʹݽڶǴ˵е̺ϡƽĹЧͻƹذʱܵħϮɳƵ޼֮
ȻʹҶ֪Ҳ̫ںģһӣǣ̫࣬οоϻ˵һ˵õȮĸ˲ҶþãԼʹУֻҪӳĸ˵Ҷ춼޷˵ȥġ
Ϊȡʯ㲢ɣȥҿˡַҵĹʧ
ȻǰľޱȵĶҶ컹ǿнڵ̰ѹȥΪľ̵Ϊ٣ҶҲǿ޶ȵʹãҶʤ㶼ûС
ҶףԼŻǷɣߵĻᶼУϾùǧ꣬ûвǣҪܵвҲЭľ̸ɵҶġ
Ҷնɱľ̵ʤ㣬Ҫ½٣Ҷ֪ľĵ׬ҲǲȥģֻҪȡ㹻ľʯǴ˴еĿġ
顭ʯʲô
ҶջеĻ棬ľ̽ŵʱŻѹ̫ˣһֱḷ̌ǶȼıԴʶȫĨɱ
ıľѡЭľֻ֮ҪǣͻЩ޴ܶ࣬ںҶһʶͨľҲ׼ȷıԼ˼ˡ
ֶҶ콫תһŽʯһ޼᲻ݵɢ˳
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Ϊ˼ᶨԼ˵ľ̻µͬʱҡȷûмֶеĻԸ͸Ҷ죬Σյļһȥ
˵ĲǺͬɢʯͷ
ľ̵ǣҲĺӣޣҶ˺һľ̻Щ岻ʯͷɽǱʯͷǸʯͷɵļһľ̲ҹȥ
бģʲôʲôطأ
Ҷ챻ľ˵ĿЦãȴһľʯڵĵطľػûмʯǷľ˵Ǹʯͷڵĵطأ
ҶѾԵʯҽںһ֪ԼǷ־޴ջȴҶȻĶ
ҶĻľ˰죬ʲ˵ɽǱߣҪߵ̫ȥķΧҴ򲻹
˼ǣĵ̣ʹ򲻹𣿡
Ҷ۾һȻ֪ľ̿е÷ɣˣ𾪾֮ͬʱҲЩ˷ܺڴʯͷɽʵҲûдﵽڡ
Ҷ˵Ƕһ֪ȻҲ֪ʹݽڣ𵤸Ҳָģˣ˵ЩˣҪĴۣҪǧ򱶣
Ŀйʡݵĵϣ൱ڽڴҲָܹҲ߰˸ѣ˵ҶЩļʣҪƱд󽱵ļʻҪС
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ҪȻͷҵľԵʯʹȥܺòãҰ㣬һ򲻹ģ
Ҷ߽͵ĺƤ˵ⷬʱҲǸеһգǰľ̵ľǸСӣԼȻƭӵĹˡ
ããæһܴľ˷ܵû֦ҶҲϺܾѵؿҶ죬ҪʯʲôĶɲܸģ
ľҶڣоһԴϢľ֪ྫ֣ʧȥľľĻϾͻʶɢ
һҶڵϢȻ¾ԼͬģҲľһͶҶʩɱֵҪԭ
ҪĶ谭Ұ¾ˣ
Ҷ˰̧֣ͷһ̫ķλȷ˷֮ľ̵Ķ࣬ͷڵ²鿴һֱ˫ڵھ
עҶŵ˫ֱ֣Ǹһ㣬һצȥûץƽʱҶΧȻ˸߸ߵǽҶζסˡ
ʲô
Ҷͷɵʱľ̵뵽ĶҶ˸˶ˣ˺ˣһڿʱûз˿졣
ǸʯҪʯ
ľûйԼ˼ҶȻҰ޾ֶƾ豾£ʱΪǺײУĳ˵Ҫеĺܶ˵ɿˡ
ף˱仯ûҴλ
˵ĵڣҶȻЦΪоӵ´һŨľжʱϲ֪ʯʶ޷̽ģܸӦľˡ
ϵûƭңĴľʯ
Ҷھٶȷ˺ִܶ࣬ӵͳһӲ̲ס¶ϲɫ
һӤƴСͨǳɫľʯ沼ľƵߣϸĻΪһľͷʯҶ첻ǵһμⶫˣһ۾ϳľʯ
ȻľԵģ
Ҷ찮ֵظʯ˺̶߻ħҶľʯĹҪԶԶԵʯ
׻˵ϡΪ󣬳ڶʦϵõһָͷСľʯҶûʯСʯ޺ãӼھ


841 ջķ
㡭Ҫ𣿡
ҶƴɵʱԺкȻһæ̧ͷϿȥһʱҶĿɿڴ
ľǸߴ׵Ĵӣʱǳһ㣬Ľ£ҲĵطȻһСѲľͷʯͷ
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ҡҡԴҶȷԼûвþ֮ſľʵۻ˰죬ҵӤƴСһʯľ̲ģȻ͸㵽ôࡣ
ľԴһ£ָҶǰĵط˵°ǺܶˣЩҲȡ
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ľȣҶٶȻ࣬ڵڶʯʱľֲ֪ʮ飬Ҷ˫ЩΣҶǵǴܹŵõʮʯ⴦ľҪԶʤǵǸ
һʯĳ֣̼ҶǸɾ˸ھ̶̵СʱҶ쾹ȻڳһԼʮף׺׵ĺ蹵
ʮ׵ĹǵУһѾʯ˵ĴеʯǴȡģҲ˵ľԵԭֻǷɣһ
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ŶѻԼǰʮľʯҶһɵЦ۾зÿҪˣǸһ⵰ͻȻ̳Ҳһ㡣
ЩʯɫǳҶ쾭֣̽ľ·ɫԽʯ̺ŨһʯֻĴָСɫị̺̄ǿҶľĶԶԶ
ˣ˵Ʒʯء
ҶСĸʯеûнգ֪ڵΪƷʯֱǱȵ۷Ϊʱ򣬿ʯ𵤴
Ȼ֪ЩʯӲޱȣҶ컹СؽʮʯյԼ׼õƤ
ҶƤɳ̲һ޵ƤƵģԴһСţ;ʮ㣬ȥһͷţᱻƣǳЯ
ȿȣ˵ľͷллˡΪ˷ƺҶղŸľ˸ûˮƽ֣⾫ﶮôࣿ˰ء
պʯҶ쿴ǰ޴ĺ蹵ѵõ¶Ϊɫ
ʵЩʯһ붼ľ̲ɳģľ֮ɳģֻҪľͷĵطܳͨ裬ֻЩλѾȫʯˣҪҶڿ潫俪ɳ
ľҡЩ֣ں˵ûϵģЩûʲôô
ԭɣ̫ӴٶȣҲԶһ޻߾֮ȵģЩ˲֮⣬һЩʣģͱصԼĸ
ǧţѹսʯˣɴҲγľƷߵһ֡
磬ɣѾ֣ݽҲûһôڣҪõľʯֻһЩɭľƷϣȴǱȹԶˡ
ⶫԹûãҲû𣿡ľ̵ĽͺҶЩ֣һǴĲľ֮飬˵ʯӦǴ֮ﰡ
ãҿԴȡġľ̵ĻҶ˹ŷɣﻹںôʯһÿյֻҪֳһ㹻ľˡ
ҶȻһ£ʵˣǲеĹ棬ʯͷѽ
ʯֶ֮˵ջ󣬾˼˻ƽһ㣬ȫûκεֵģŵϵ߰˿÷ɣҶĿˮ㶼Ҫˡ
ӦаɣǶľͷģľͷûл飬ûмˣ
ľ˵˵ŻȻ˸Ӳ˵˰죬Ҷ˹Щɣ֮䣬ǿԽĳϵģͨĹͨľ֪Լ֮⣬ĹûвƵĲľ֮顣
û£ٹһЩ꣬˵еܵóˡҶܲذοľһ䣬˻ȥﵽһùҪ߶Զ
ıʼȻĺ꾡īȽ϶ģ඼һЩ޴ķֲԷɣֻΪʯԵ˳һ£˵ҲǾסģȴûбĹϡ
ľ̶Ծ벢ûֱ۵ӡҶĻЩãȻĻ˵Ҳ֪ӦкԶԶɣмźܶɽкöµϢ档
˺ܶɽǸǲûϷˣ
Ҷ̾˿жʱ˹һ÷ɣռʹﵽʮҪյǿֲһõĻ߸Ͳܲ棬Ҳ޵ֻ߰˿ùԭɣ
ıʼǺ͵ͼУһùǰһǧ๫ﴦҶΪ봩Խֻͷ
ģȸԺ˽ڣһ⵺ϵʯڳ
Ҷ޺޵˿ĭжҲ޲֣˵ϵΪôߣڳһЩʯ˰ҲʡԼǧȥЩʯˡ
ֻҶȴ֪۷岢ԪӤΪʯã΢΢ˡ
Ҷ쾩ǵĺԺһ㣬Ҷ칦ѣڵҶ죬ʹ꣬ΪҲòһ˿ˡ
Ҷ˼ʱľ̺ȻҶ촫õЩǡǲǡǲǡ
ǲʲôҶЩȻ̧ͷպÿľЩŤ顣
ȥܰǸʯͷ۸ңȥѵ
ľһЩʱӲ֮󣬶ڹµ֮УھıԵһͬԵľ֣Ҫ׽ȴû뱻ǼһĶӣһֱ߷߲ƽ
ãȥѵһܣ
ľ̵ĻҶҲӦ˹ܲɽĵطŨڣＫпѰԼδʯġ
ֻɽΪμľ̾ΪˣҶʵҲд⣬֮ľܿɴ֮ľཻ֣ĵ
ãߣľ˷ȻȱҶյòɢʱҶֵεˡ
˵ٶҲ̫˰ɣʲôʱܵأ
װľʯƤҰϣҶüͷһһŲжľ̡


842 ɽ
Ҷ֪Ĺɽľ̵ļУһľжٶһ㣬ľӴ߶ȴǻޱȣҶֱüͷ
ľͣԲ壬һʶ뵽ҶУϣ
Ҷû뵽ǣľ̾ȻΪ룬ɿЦ˵㾡ǰܣٿҶϡ
Ͽգƣκﶼ޷뵽߿УڵͿշȴްҶֻ¾˵ϵһЩޣѡĲдԽɽ֣ҲʮŸϵġ
ãҾ˰
ҶĻľһָ£һɣ֦һӴ뵽Ǹֻж۴ϸ֦УʧҶǰ
ѽ
Ҷ쿴Щʱ⣬ľ̵һ֦ɴ˳ʮ裬ڸҶһ㡣
Ҳа
ľ¶ΣҶʱ˹Ϊľ֮飬ǿЩľΪ壬ֻҪвľĵطľ̶ȥ磬ֵطľҪܵĻҶҲû˿취ġ
һ÷ɣһǿлǵ棬ɢ֦ҶҶ̧ͷһ£ʹŷУǻܵÿһ㡣
ҶһչһʱʧԭأٳֵʱѾڰ׿ˣ˫ŽУ˲ͳԽḷ̌ԶԶĽ
ܲҵģ
ľ̵ĺ͸ĺӲ࣬ۼҶܵǰ棬ϴСеظȥҶ콻ǰУǲֺɽܵ鶼ˡ
̵ģһ˵ǲװ
ԭľ˵һִܵɽڵĵطҶȴ߲ݵ죬ʱŷ֣ɣ֮󣬻ԶԶܳٹȻûܳ˹ֵķΧ
ҵһѽڵ峿ľ̳˹ֵķΧԵʮĴʾе˷ܡ
ľͷ˵ɽǱߣҶϵɭֱԵǰȥ˶뵽֮С
ľŨɭֲͬҶǰȴһƬʯͷ硣
һɽǧףȻֲȴǷǳ٣ֲԻĸоɫʸʯͷһ׳Ļ档
ǰ˴һٶףŲʯһɴصĺҶͷȻҶͷΪ֮һ
ʯͷҳ
ľ̸Ҷ뿪ɣķΧ֮жٶԵػ࣬ɴ಻ɰ·չʮǰС
ʮֵĿտľ̵֮ԶԶʯɽлصľ̺ڵʱҶͷųʶСĵع۲ܷԲһڵΡ
Ҷһʱľ̺Ȼһ򣬿˵ˣǸط
ôܶҵʶ̽飿Ҷһ㶣˳ľָķȥһͨڵɽ𣬸߶ȴʮףݲ
ʵ֤ľ˵òҶٶǸɽ𣬺Ȼضһ޴ͷ­ӵ֣ͷ­ߣ֫˫ȣҶǰ
ʯͷ˵ͱľ̻Ҫ޴жʮ׸ߣ֫ȫһǴذҶδģû´ĻӦþˡ
صҶڵҲ֮ԾƬ֮ڵ˿˿Ƶȥ̫٣һ뵽УͱҶԺһŸˡ
Ǵʵ̫ˣȻûκθı䣬ҶȴͷһϲںϵΪһġ
Ҹʲô
ҶʱǸʯͷɵľѾľ̶ˣľ̴һʯͷˣȥһЩ˫ˮװСȭͷԶľ̵ֱ𺳡
һŸСʯͷõҲʶķʽʮֵرʶΧĿȻ˺¡¡
ڣΪڣ
Ҷͷһݣ˳ʮԶͬʱĸľ̴ȥһʶƬȫɽʯγɵУȥһɽսҶϽͻƣʤҲǺܴ
Ǳˣʯͷˣˣҽľͷ
ľֱ̻ۣгԺǾ֮γɵģ޸ĸȻҲû֣ľ֮ǰδȫҲøԼȡ֡
Ǹ˸İɣʯͷ˵ǰ˼ʱôһС㣬Һ飬㲻Ҫ֣
ţ֪ˣ֪ģ
Ҷ۾һû뵽ɽȻ֪ˡĳƺʱһϣ⡰ɵϣĴڡ
ʯͷ˻ž޴ȭͷҶȵǰһˣ֪ˣС㣬㲻Ǹǿ󣬸ҵĻһһȭͷģ
ʲôʱǸˣǲǴ·
Ҷ̾˿ʶ뵽ʯͷ˵Ժ֮Уû´Ļʯͷ˵Ӧþˡ
㡭ʶ
Ļʯͷ˵¶һ˿ɫʮף˶ԴȻҪǷһԣҪ֮ˡ
ٶǰʯͷ˸ողǲãǻʵľҲ࣬һסˣ嶼ʧȥ˺ʹصϵܶ
ʹѾٶ꣬ʯͷһ£ȻǺ²ѣǸͬСֱ̺лص
ȻʶֻҪҺһϾͻģ
ʯͷǸӣҶסЦƤͬΪˣҲҶͷġ
ҡû㣬ƬĵطЩľ֮黹ǵ޴˼ǳĵǸͲỳɶԷ˵Ļ
ҶûлشɽĻǷʵôʱ䣬ͬΪ֮飬ΪҪ۸أ
ϵϢҺᣬҲϲǹζ
ʯͷ˵ĻҶ˵ͷȻˣľˣľδػᷴɽľѹһͷʯͷˣȴǲľκεĺøС
ǾˮˮŲˣαҪأ
Ҷ쵹Уؼ𻯹ˣطĻľ̼ʯͷ˵Ķ֣ˣҶȻҲòʯˡ
ҶĻʯͷ˵ɫеԥûȥǸˣΪй¶һ˿ѹȵɢ


843 ľ֮
Уǰ۸ңҪ
ʯͷ˶ҶЩη壬˼Ҷ˵ʱľ̵ȽܽԼĲɢҶ죬һܰʯͷ˴ƨ
ֻľȴ֪Ҷ̺˿֮𣬶ľԵĿǣභľȻմʲô˵ġ
ǰɽȴǲͬľ֮ܿ⣬Ҷ𲢲˺䱾ԴȻҶķɽһʯͷĴһҲʲôð취ġ
ҵ鷳ô۸㣿
ʯͷ˵ƢȻôã˫ȭ붯֣ͷһҶ죬ǿסˣľ̿Ҫ֪ܶ࣬Ƭռڶǲġ
̵ģû°
ľ̵ĻҶʱﰵŴľõ˲ٺôϷ˵Ҷ컹Ǹɲģ룬˵֣˭ٴһΣӮԺ󶼲Ҫˣɺã
У㲻ңҴ򲻹ЩʲôǸľ̵ͽ˳Ҷͬʯͷ˵鷳
ֻҪ㲻ҵĶ֣ľ෴ʯͷȴǵشЦΪҪľ̸߳һ磬˵ִԼڣûľ̷С
˵һҿԲæиҶ˰ֹ֣˵ȻӦ˲֣Ҷȴ֪ʯͷ˵㡣
ʲôʯͷ˿Ҷ졣
ҶЦ˵һǴĵϣһҪȥľ㹫ƽɣ
ƽҪһǲŹƽʯͷδ˵ľ̾ͺԴϼ򵥵ûȥսص㲻ͬԼӰ졣
ҪԸ⣬ҾͲˡ
Ҷһŵľ̶ʱס͡Ҷ̧ͷɽ˵ôҪǴӦǾôˣҷľԲֵģǸˣҲ֣
ãҴӦ˵Ҫ㻰
Ҷһ仰ʯͷˣֻҪǸ˲ֵĻȥǸԼĵطҲľ̵ġ
˵Żʯͷ˺¡¡ܶɭֱԵԸҶ죬ֻ뾡ľ̡
ľ̻ԭԥţҶЦŴû£˷ɣķΧֻҪöԸҵֶȥԸһˡ
ڻľߵֻʮɭ֮У˷ɣľ̾ǧʺ϶ԸʯͷĴһ
ģľЩɵؿһҶ죬ȻЩ鲻ԸǸʯͷصɭֱԵ
ʶҵ
һߵɭŨľʯͷ˸еڣЩִܣȻҪʲôأľҲ˽ʯͷ˻һ˫ȭͷȥ
һεĽУʯͷ˾ľ̵ֱӽϵˣȴʼʩսپˮװС˫ȭһСɽľ̵ͷ
ʱľ̵֮Уȫʯͷ˵󣬾ȭͷµʱʯͷ˺Ȼ֣µľ̾Ȼʧˡ
һ㿴ҵʮḷ̌ʱʶҶĻк壬ʮγһŴǵصʯͷֶȥ
ôͷµĴʯͷ˱׾ȥŴϣ¶˺Ȼɫ
ԭԼĵϣʯͷǿʹݵģ֣Լɭк泤ֲĴٲԼϤˣһεʹ֮ϵ
ûʯͷ˶룬ŴͽӴʧܵʯͷһʱˡȴǽʮӲظϿ
ڷɣֵķΧڣľ̾ʯͷ˵Ŀǣûٸӭͷʯͷ˵ϣǸһ㡣
ͬʱڿгʮ߰˸޴ľһХӸ߿ڼӴγɵľʱЩȻȫɢʯͷ˵¶˳
ءأ
Ƶײÿһľʵʵʯͷ˵ϣ޴ײʯͷһƨ˵ϣϹؽڴʯͷȻ˲ơ
ˡˣײʹʯͷ֧ŲסˣӴɢһʯͷϹʱͱһʯ
ҴӮˣ˵ûҵĶ֣
ʯͷɢ֮ľ̵ЦҲûмɽľԵľһСҪҶͬϢľ֮ǰҲҶġ
Щľسľ֣Ȼŵ֮
վڲԶսҶܸоõʯͷ˲ûܵôص˺ЩʯֻʱѣȻصʱɸΪӴ塣
Ȼľ̻֮ʣЩʯһ㣬ϳʯͷ˵ģֻЩί٣ľ֮УòĲ䡣
ʯͷ˴ͷɥؿһҶ죬˵ˣܻȥˣ
ʯͷ˵Ҳÿľ̵ϣԼ屻ɢǻǷˣȻҶڣҲô˵ġ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ȻܻȥˣҪ㶫
ǰһľͷһʯͷӣҶҪǻᳶƤթ㶫Ϊ֮ˡ
ҪʲôʯͷһˬؿҶ죬ҪǶԵ˵η壬һȭҶˡ
ʯɢʯҶҲûĨǣżɽ˵˳
ǸðɣȥȡҶĻʯͷԵ˿
֪ⶫʯͷ˵̬Ҷ췴
ţᵽʱȡã
ʯͷһ䣬̣ȻԸ룬кһҶ죬̧žԶʯͷȥһ·йƵĲȻ˲ٵĻݲݡ
ľȻҲԼȥ֮򣬿϶Ű³ҶԼæ˵Ҳϲȥ궫Ұɣ
ã㲻ҪķΧȻкܶɢġҶ˵ͷ⵺ϵЩޣЩȻҪ࣬ҶҲǱЩ޸ɵԴ
ḷ̌Ҷʯͷ˵󣬲ȻسɴҲЩ׷ϲʯ˵ĽŲһֱĿ丸׷һ㣬һ֮Զ
ڣ¾ǽڵҲκβһɣ
Ҷϸ۲ʯ˵ĲԽԽȻʯͷƺԸıصĳߴ磬Ʋһȴʹɽ任òΣٶȿþˡ


844 
̫ˣҴ߰ɣƴ׷ԼҶ죬ʯͷͣס˽ŲҶץȥ
лˣܵʯͷ˵⣬Ҷ첢ûжʯļϡ
Ҷʯͷ˵ٶּӿ˼֣ӭľ㽫Ҷ촵ȥæųţʯ˼վסš
ڴҶ죬ʯûа취ʹֻ֮һ·񱼣뵽ƬɽλãҲ𽥱Ũ
ʯ˱еٶȣҶȫлҪ࣬ʹһ֮Ǳɽ𣬳һЩͰĲݴ֮⣬κα
ľ֮⣬ÿһԵ˼£ԣ֮۳ɽʯЩɢ˿˿ĺɫ
ֲõʱʮ꣬߱Ҫǻңһ궼ã
һؼ䴿Ҷһզ಻ѡ
Ϊʮʱܱй˶и࣬ôһµȻͺķôʱ䣬ֱ˿̣ҶŶɵ֮˸ֱ۵ʶ
ɣˣ
߲ݵıһһҹ֮ʯͷͣ˽ŲΪ֮ģþ׻˵ֻҪŵԶоƣ롣

Ҷʯͷ˼һԾ£һŵ׳һ建ؽ˵ϡ
Ҷǰһߴ׵ɽ壬ƬУʮټģɽžʹڣһСһ㡣
Ҿǳطġ
ʯͷ˵¶һ˿廳ɫͷҶ죬˵ǸҲûҪʲôʯ
ʯͷȻޱ֮ͷӦ˹Ǹ̺Ŀʯõ΢΢ġ
Ҷ̹Ȼ˵ҪãҪ֪еģ
ҶĻʯͷľȥ˵ĶȻôˣҲܶߣֻһС룡
ãֻҪһЩ͹ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷҪ֪ܻóã֮ʯͷһȭܰҶûּۻ۵ء
ҶĻʯͷ˫ڵһ٣Ӵɽȥÿһ£ʯͷ˵˼ףɽǰʱͷ­ɽƽˡ
ҿҶ쾪鷢ˣʯͷ˵ֻƾȻɽϣƺҪɽΪ롣
ʯͷ˵ĺɽȻҡһ㣬޴ɽʯӷ嶥䣬ԭɽµҶμ˳һǧס
һ󡰺¡¡ҶȻ֣ɽȻıֿˣþ޸ɽͷһ㣬мѿһ޴ķ϶ӲγһϿȡ
ȥɣҪĶ棡Щ֮ʯͷ˵ί࣬ڼٵرСصҶǰʱֻжʮ׸ˡ
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Ȼǧ֮⣬ҶҲܸܵһɽҺڵŶʱտˮһһֽԭʼıܣҶɼΪɽȥ
Ӧþ֮˰ɣҶһϿǰʱ۾ʱֱˡ
ǰϿе֮ͨڣһƽĹ󣬾һһ㣬ǰףƺʱпܸ
⵽Ǹʲôط
Ҷʶһ˫ȴǲ˽ȥֻһϿȵʱȻɧһԵҶȥ
ģ˵ǾͲ㰡Ҷ컹ûüκεĶʧȥ˶ƿǺɽ֮ѹƵСָûŲһ¡
ڵǷҶĵӵȥ̫ӴҶ˲ͱҡҲ޷ת
ʧȥ˿Ƶţ޷ֿЩӿҶľڲϵرƻţϷķɽ޺ۣҲѹƵýȻҲܴҶȡһ˿š
̵ģⲻÿζôһ⣡
ǰ漸ںľ飬ҶŲң岻ܶʶȴǲӰ죬һһʶһ˫֣Ƥץһľʯ
ȻãЩʯҶʶ֮ǿ񱩵Ĵʱһ㣬Ҷڵľнڽںˡ
ûǵģе֪Ҷڷı仯ƴӿţһ뵽Ҷ֮УֱľӾ˳ȥУľҲڲš
ʱƣҶڵԽԽ࣬ϵ˵֮С
ﱻɺصĴѹƵʮһȻƷ϶ҪǰʱҲԵôС
䣡һҶ츹ը죬ȴҶץһľʯܲ˵һ޸ͬʱһǿҲ뵽Ҷĵ֮С
ҶԾǣ֮ӴЩ֮ϡ
һͽѹסˣҲ޷ŰҲٽҶڣҵĵſʼָת
ôöʯóˣ
Ҷʶһ϶ʱ¶˹ɫ䵽ĵǿʯȻǴӾɵõǿƷõʯҶһȻƷҪ߹Ʒʯ
ʱҶҲ˲ôˣƯǰԪСţʯеԴԴϵض뵽ڣŶѹơ
ָתǽеһһγһ˿Ҷδĵɫľ
ʮֵĻŵɫ࣬ҶǰһһǺˮŰһǻ죬ٽԴ֮У־󲻶ظԺ
Щ龰ĳ֣ǽҶ뵽һ˿˿ƽʱӴĸҶ˽ȥ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ȻȻ˵ϣ뵽붨֮С
ʱţҶͷ˼ͷͷϺϣ˺Ļҳȥһʯһ
ҶΧЩʯҲʧȥ˹һ΢˷ĩƮҶϡ
棬ʯͷѾ˺þãУֻܸоǸС㣬Ϣڲϵ׳ţǵϵߵǰδʵıһ㣬е˿˿ļ¡
ʦȥĶ˰ǡľǰ׻һǵԶɽ


845 ٵ
𣡡
һ޵ľ޺죬𵴵ϺͺеĴҲǷһ붨ʱҶ죬Ҳ޺ѣ۾

۾ҶЩãһ˵Ĳɣ¶˳УҶ뷢չƾǧһ㡣
ˣҪɽˣ
Ҷ嶯һ£һֱȺʯͷ˴ϲҶչ붨Щӣܵʯ׷׻Ϊĩ˶ʮ飬ʯͷȥᱻҶյ
ţڶ˵
Ҷüͷһ˫ǳõʯͷ˿ȥһεѹʱֱƶȥĲʯͷ˺üס
ˣɽڡС
ʯͷӴ붨֮ǰϳҶԺУԼ֮УǽʵʵԼ
β֪չضˣҶһվͷϺϵĻҳʱɪɪ䣬һԼĳҶ첻ɿЦ
׻˵£ҶĺµԼһѹ꣬ʹ޳ɴҲ޷ֲʧȥ˵ʹҶһֱڿŲԼ״̬֮ȥ
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ˣ֮ǰӳλǰǺʱΪβһӳȥأ
⵺ѾһˣȻԣǳʺҶҲʱ޿̶뿪ΨһӵӳλرĹġ


849 ˺ѿռ䣨ϣ
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Ҷ͵̧ͷʹĵģҲ̲ס¶ЩɫҪ֪ʹ޳ɽ𵤴ܻǧ꣬ȫˣкȤأ
վһ죬һ죬ҲʱҪӳȥΨһĻᣡ
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⾫ѪģҲ˽ëʱ䣬ٲӭٽһ磬ǿڼ֮ڣҲΨһ;㾡˵ǿޣ˱Ҷ֮Ϊޱо
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Ҷ̬׻֪ԼȰˣҲûж˵֮һƤİľԼıʼľ档
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ҶƤңӽǸԼĳʲô⣬Щʯ㹻׻ٵˣܷɾͽ𵤴ǾҪĻԵˡ
Դ䶯ɳ̲ûһ˼žЩսʬ⣬ɳ̲ϼһֻȴһֺѹǳݵĸо
˵ڶ賿һǾҿšֵطʱ򣬽ë⡵ľ޺ͬʱ
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ʱ̣ǳֵʱ򡣡
ֻĸԽë⡿һ׻˵ЩҲǣУչ˺ǵĺӣ
˵ŻëӸ׻һ˸ߵİһƤɵģȻֹû׻ĺãƷʲ֪Ҫ߳ˡ
׻ĸë⡰ԼĺУ˰֮󣬲ط׻ļͷ


850 ˺ѿռ䣨У
뿪ĸ׵ĻСëƺЩϰߣзذ׻ļҪصĸ׵Ļ
ϣצӿ찡
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ҶЩغܸӦõԽë⡵δϾֻҪгԣЩƶԲʲôǵҶ쿴ëǺһ޶ʱ˹
ӵУһӵУǧİԽëȻǾҪѳˣֻܺԼİء
˭˵Ұģңܲأë⡵Ҷ˼Щ룬֪ԼŴ֮ʵʱ򣬻ʲôѡ
ʱȻ˼ʱ˽ë⡵ľ֮Ҷ֧Ž˫һ˺ѷд˳ȥ
ͷһƳҶԺռµһ󣬾ǽë⡴Լºֿѵʬû׺֮С


853 ˫˫
Ҷ첻֪θո뵽ռѷеʱ򣬵ϸ޺ǿϢ׷ۼ
ʱë⡺ʬѾûɳ̲׺֮УϼдﵽޣܸоǵϢʧƬռ֮ڡ
ЩΪ粻ޣƴٶģҪһֻ񣬵еѷ󣬿зһ߿ӥѷȥ
Ǿڽ벻Сŵѷ컹׵ʱһͻأسͷϷ޷ë䣬صˤ˵档
ֵֿףһȥ
˹ӴһǴ˵İųıӺ;޴һﵽʮףźëȻͬʷǰžһ㡣
Ȼˣû֣ǽ紦ѷȫˣͬʱڽ֮⣬һӴ֮Ԫӿ룬ԭƳȡ˴Ľ磬ϱúʵ
лȻһĽ磬ͬʱŭ֪ԼѾǧѷĻᣬҲ޷⵺ӳȥˡ
ŽĻָʱһҲڽˣԪע뵽֮УҲɢȥɵֻظյƽֻطʵŭ

ˣڻˣ
ǽ缴յͷҶ֮յش˳ûаɫε󺣺ʱҶзһХԶԶĻص˺ϡ
Ҷֵĵطǵʱǿռѷİ֮У״ǲĴ󺣣һӳ׻ʱٶ׵ĵط
ţôôʹ
Ҷһţ뽫ȶڿеʱͻȻ֣Լ£һ˿Ĵˣ¸ļٵ޹⣬ֹͣŵת
ҪǣҶǼһ˫׹ǵۣһ˺ѷεʹһ㣬ǰʹҪǻڳϣѴ
ģοˣ
ͬʱҶڣһĸоԪͻȻһǰһڣҲ޷άϵסе壬صµĴ׹ȥһͷո˾뵽˻֮С
ءһ󣬺˻ɽҶڵһ˺С
ʦôˣʱ׻ŷҶӰ٣зһѸٵҶµĵطȥ

ҡʲôط
ҶһεĻԣûǰǰ㣬ʶ뵽ʶ̶̵֮Ҷת˹
ѵתͷ­Ҷ췢֣ԼΧȻվŹļҺҿλʦ֣⻹ԼĴХ죬Х죬ôأ
ʦˣ
Х조ͨһҶĴͷӿ˵ʦΪҲˣҡһֱѰģ
Ҷ˹Хһѹֵо˳޵þǸίĺһ㣬һԵҿ͹ļҵУҲʪ
Ҷɻʧʧٵڣȥһʱ䣬Хмʦ£ĵǷݼ֣ʱҲ𽥱䵭ˣʱҶͻȻ֣Хһйĵط
סҸҪˣҵʬ壬ҪκεĻɣ
ҶЦҡҡͷԼʦŪ̲ס˾ֿڣģһй¶Ϊݣ첻ֹһˣϰ߾ͺˣ
ô֮ҶĻĻһ˫ƶʧ̬ķչ׻˵ġԽϵԽСӶĲмһˣҶȴ쳣ļɵ
ʦܣ˵û¾ʧ٣ХᣬܳܵסҺʦֵͶСˣǽܲסִ̼
ҶĻһԵĹļҲӦˣϸ첲ȵģҲХںϴһ֮ãȻҪǳһЩıʣδؾͣôá
ʦ֣밡ҲǱƵѽ
ʱһּ꣬ԼͬʦֵܣҶֻоޱȵķɣûȥԼڵǺͼڴ˿̣ʲôϣʲô𵤴ҶԺ
ףʦ֣ʲôʱ뵽֮ˣ
λʦг˼֮Ҷ۾ȻһʱڵȻȥ¥գڵ۵ñţϾǰ벽𵤵ˣ۴ӶʦֵɨҿΪѾͨ͸
ԣʦ֣Ҳ뵽֮ˣ
ûҿ˵ҶĿֿ˹ļҵϣϵɫʱøӹŹΪ֣ʦڵȻȫתţҲ뵽֮
ʦֽ죬ҶһܽܣΪҿһЩˮʯ԰תˣļȴûкԵʯһֱ˺۷Ĺؿڡ
ڲʼǺҶ֪ʯת֮⣬һַǾ۵ĵطʹϵﵽһ־״̬ҲͻƵ֮
ֻĵѷ˼㣬ũڵǸкͳɽ˫̶Ҳ޷ﵽҪҶ첻֪ǾδӺġ
˵ˣҪط䣬Х춼Ҫ쾳ˣ
ҶĻ󣬹ļҵ¶ЩЦݣΪһĴʦ֣ΪһֱСʦԶԶ˦Ȼϲ˵ļҲЩѹġ
ҶʧٵʱҲֻڵΪڹļͬ磬Сʦǰһһ˿ʦֵĸоˡ
˵˵ô£
Ҷ˵䣬ͻȻо˫۴һʹæΪŹ䵽֮ϣͬʱͷȥȴԼ˫Ѿ
͸ǲİɴҶ쿴ֱѾһѪ⣬ҲҶ쳤˿ʹ𵤴˫۲зϵĻҲҶ޷ܵġ
һǰʱǸоһЩ仯еӿӣǳѰ֮⣬ͣˡ
ԭҶʧûõʱӡĵط˷һƬΧ۵һ̶֮⴦·ӴʧˣҲо˿ı仯
Ⱦ͸о˲ԣ꣬¹ļҵҲ޷õ˴λԵˣһҿ˫˫֮


854 ԭί
˵ļҺҿˣ⴦֮أХҲǳΪͻͽʱѾǻ۷ʦˡ
֮ǰϷͻ䣬Щڶ̶̵ļڣȻȫʧˣٳһعĻХҲܽ쾳硣
Χôоһ
ʦֵĽߺҶüͷܵȾ΢ĵطɴҲΪΪԣڣǴ˿ڲϣҶоκĴڡ
Сʦܣ˵ˣ¾ӡĺϣûʲôˡ
ļԿЦҿոսҪΪԵƬʧ֮ϵһˮϷɻźѰĵط
ùļ𾪵ǣһڷɳǧĺȴ;ڵĵطȻһ˿ûˣĺ棬ͬһ㣬ںϣʱʱܿһЩӴľʬ塣
ѰΧʱǽӵХϢ˵ҵҶ죬ļʦֵŴæأǵƲ⣬ӡеǶѾʧˡ
ȻҶ΢΢۾Ȼǽ֮£ͷһѿ˵ˣ
Сʦܣʲô֪Щôʧģļҵ˶ҶûͷûβĻеЩĪ
ʦ֣ȸ˵˵ʧʱ䷢ɣ
ҶЦһշɻըױ׵˺ѿռ飬ԭԭ˵˳ǰ⼸λԼԾεˣҲǽ뵽޵磬ҶԼߵ顣
ʲô᣿ë⡣죬Сʦܣ㾿ȥһʲôĵطˣǡɽ𣿡
ǰ⼸λܽܵԶԶˣҶ콲ߵ˻ɵˣƾǵηḻҲûҶ쾹Ȼ뵽һ֮С
ǹļͨ񲩹ţҶ˵ЩϹ޶ΪϤҶĻһ޵ĻڹļԺ֮УҲԽԽ
Ҷ죬޳ɽ𵤴֮ˣ
ҿĵȴΪĻ֣Ϊ뵽֮ѾԽ½طڣǿҿΪԼѾ۷壬ڽ𵤴ֻǴ˵鹹İˡ
Ҷⷬȴֵ߸֪ԼһӣȻǡɵһЩëѪҰޣʦԽܡ
ȻҲ˵ˣΪ൱ڽڸˣŵ֮ⷲУҲ˿ƣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǶ빲Ľë쳣ҲеЩңҪһƬռԺ󻹲֪ᷢʲôء
죬ԭģЩ伮ϵļأȻģ
Ҫ֪СʦܴӲԣļһ׼Ϊڱ£ɽḷ̌ϹޣЩɶǳ񻰹еڰǵϳԣùļĶѡ
ļ䣬Ҷʦ֮⣬ҲûһˣҪֵطԣھһ츣أĵľ磬ѹͲڹ¶һ˵
֪ҶһƶΪӳɵµģļҲȥѰɵ⡣
ӹ񲻹ǵ໹޵ˣһѰɵɳҶȴԵ֮ˣû˳ɹɵǽ֮󣬡ɵ䣬ƺ˿ռ䣬Ϊ硣
ˣСʦܣ˵⺣ϵĪǶǱǵȡ˹ȥ˽뵺ͷļ뵽ǰ飬ʣ⺣֮ǰۺ͸ոʧԪӦöǴйء
ųɾô£ҿԪʧйأϡҲǵѲĹϵ
ڵ֪λʦֽ쾳ʱҶоʹ˻ɣڸǿȷ󷨵ת谭޳Ľ磬ӦöǵΪṩ
ֻ侳Ҷ֪εľ޴ռ¾Ǳ֮һ½ҲضãѷĽ죬ҪϵԪ󷨺ͽάϵȥ
ʵҶµòش֮ǰԣṩתõڼǰ뵽ĩʱһһϡôֻµĵطǲǹء
ˣλʦ֣յǸأ
ŵĽһԼһ֮ҶȻ뵽˵˴ĻˣȻûп׻СȻе㱡壬ТʧӦòԼȥɣ
յĵӣ
һԵХһ£ʵʦ˵ǽɽСʦðɣռһ츳ߣɴʦԽ̵ģǰǾѧȥˣϾСʦ仹С
Ԥ⼪סռһɽԳƵǸţֻܶҪ˵һΣμס֮׼Ǳ֮ҿҲضã˶ϲ쳣ҪҶѡ֮ˣ¹ļѽˡ
ɽСѾͷͦģ
Х˵ɽϵ츳ҶҲΪˣ˼֮½⳶׻ϣХ죬˵Ĳǽɽʦ׻ǺĶӣ
Ķӣ
ХŴ죬һ˼˵ʦ˵СһӻˮΪΪͽأ
Ҷھɽɽſõ飬Х͹ļҵ˶֪ģȻҲ֪׻ޱ飬Ҷ׻ΪͽХ첻ԼĶ䣬ļҺҿҲһؿҶ졣
Ҷ˰֣˵׻ıԲǸТ֮ˣЩȲ˵ˣôѰҵأ
Ƿʱһҵ洬ϵģ˵Ǹ˽ϴȥˣѵ˾׻
ȻһļҵһֱƬҶѰȴһնûɹоӡлĴֻ棬ҶƬ
ǸڼҶ֮Ͼߵ֪ͨ˹ļҵˣҲǺˣΪԶ֧ͽ𣬾͵ֵǳʮˣǷһ֮ơ
һ£ҿҡҡͷ˵׻ӦʮˣƵʲôˣСʦܣ¶ЩΡ
ʲôεģ
ҶЦλʦ֣λվӣ˵ϰʮˣ˭ţ׻Сڰǰͽ뵽֮Ϊ֮ǲ˶٣òһҲģ
Ӻ뵽֮ı仯֮Ϊ̥ǶΪڵĹļҺҿ濴ȥʮˣ˿̬


855 
˵õҲǣ׻Ϊνأ
ҶĻ󣬹ļȻʧЦڽ֮ҿͷϰ׷ȫ˺ɫϲһ˿ƣƤӤһ㣬ôѮˡ
òˣļҵνΪʶˣȫˣû˻о֣ҿȴЩᣬ׼䣬ѱ£治֪ȥ˽ء
Ҷ˰֣͵ʦ֣׻ԲԱ仯࣬պ񽻸
һ֮˶Ҫԭ£ԪǸɢӣ֮⣬ɹйȥͽ
Ҷ죬Ǿ͸ˣһ˦ƹ񣬼һ鷢˵˼еˣĸŶ档
ڹļҿˣһɽܱһںϲ֮УλݳߣȻԸԽݣȥһ㿪ͽ顣
뷨ǲǡ
ļҡҡͷȻû˵꣬Ǳ̨˵ȴʮһν׻ǲôĵġ
ʦ˵ûؾʦʦôصˣ׻Ȼʹ˲Ųȥĵӣȥ̵أ
ҿҶľҲǺ֧֣ǼҶʱҶͱǸһ㣬¼ûһ⣬Ϊ˵ӵģȻǰź򣬾ǽʦҲΪġ
λʦֲö˵ˣ϶ģ
ҶҲЩ׻ΪȥԼ۹⣬ڽ֮׻˶˷츲صı仯ѲǵǸСĺŴˡ
죬쿴ɰڷѽ
Ҷλʦ׻֮µʱļװϺȻһ󾪺ļҺҿüͷһ壬ͬʱͷųʶ
죬ǿӵʶˣھһʱ󣬹ļҺҿѾϰʶȥ۲Զ۾Ҫӷöࡣ
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵˰
Ҷأʶȴ֮ǰǿ˼֣Щ˽֮ǰϾ¶΢ЦΪԶϴǹ׻ɡ
һߣ
ҶĻҿзһߣת߳˲ңȻǹϢ֮ǿ󣬲Լ֮£϶ּҿȻη׻һѧ
ʦ֣ǲΪˣƢᷢı䰡
ʦһ޵˳ȥҶ첻ЩЦãǰҿϲŭϵģǽ뵽֮ƢȴǰҪࡣ
ʦҲȥ
ХʮʦҲǸеʮֺ棬Ҷ˸к󣬴Ҵ˲ҡ
ʵХƽأ׻ǰľ綼ûУ̶̵һڣΪȻܸλʦΪҶĿɽӣХȻѹɽ
ȥûҵкһ׼
ХϵװϵʱÿҿЩϵˮָ˻ȥԭҺϵˮֶǹУԶҴ֮󣬾ȫ˻ˡ
Ϊ˷ЩĻ˴ˮ֣ǴӸ۵ĺŵѡģһǶμļҵ̤ˮУʱͻȻ¸ˣ˽¼֮⣬ǽܵıȽϿ졣
ҿĻǺܹõģת˲֮䣬ԭ˿ֵļװͱÿյģվڴմҿ֮⣬Ƕʮ״Ĵվһȥֻʮˡ
˵ĴʮֵĹŹ֣ͷϳĳϵ·ȫƤƵģ˵ұ۴䶼ûУղѵԵʣȶһһ̣õľǸմɽҰһ㡣
׻ȱʧһֱ۵Ҽ紦һ׻ĴСıңⱳҲ֪ʲôƤƵģֹȻֲ֮Ƥʷǳã沼ƯĻơ
õͷſһŽɫëСȻµ治ô⣬зһʡԼצ˵ͷ
׻ʦѣˣ㾹Ȼ̷ǰΪ˵֮𣿡
ǰ׻ҿɫǲƣֱӾͳѵں쳾дʱҪˣӵֺͳžҿȴʦǰ黳ȡ
Ǻˣô֪ҽ׻Уʦʲôط
ǽҶ͵ϵ׻Ϊչ̫죬ԭǸϵģȻʱ䣬þλҿ߳ʣ
ǰһһԭ׻һ׾Ŷģʱʮ๫֣˸׶ߵľˣϿ͡
׻֪Ҷڶ࣬ǰ˵ΪƺԼ࣬Ҳ˿ıһѹ˲佫ҿХסˡ
ǰ֮⣬׻Ҳܲڻһλ֣һԶ׻ϲ⼸˵Ķ֣Ҳɱϵˣ¾Ҫˡ
׻öʦ񡭡ҶӴƮ˳ڶŵ׻ҿͬʱ˿
ʦ֣ɡ
ܵ׻ϵǹʯҶ϶ʱ¶ϲɫʱҲܲ³׻ȥʲôˣЩʯԣǰ̣ǲʲôˡ
ʦ׻һ£æ˫ϥذȥҲ˵ԷݣǲɵӲƺⱾ£ֵ׻һˡ
ţַ˰
׻˵ֲЦˣ׻ľٶñķҿ֪ǺˣҶһ֮ľҿҲܸ
ɣҿ׻һۣû˻ص˴׻ҲϢҿ˽ȥ
ʦǵӲԣʦѵǣ
һƿţ׻ͼڴϵҶ죬Ҽ΢΢бһ£˰ֱҶĴͷ
׻Ķļ΢ɲص˵ͷ׻¶¶Ƿĵģƾһ㣬Ҷûˡ
ɣʦХ죬Ĵʦ֣Ҷ찤˽ܸ׻󣬿ʵ׻⼸ȥˣ
ʦҲû취ʱ׹ʱҲȥˣ
׻һ½űߵƤң¶ίɫֻһұۣʱΪҶ죬ֻܽװʯİӵ׻û뵽ǣչһ
ʱҶʮֵأ׻оҶĵƺĿԣд󼱵޼ƿʩΪʱ˵صĺϣһ˿ޣҶָǼ䲻ġ
׻¶ﻹװľԵʯҶ˫Ѫ⾭ʯ˺ܴõġ


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׻ҶΧ֮߮󣬲ҵ֣ȻҶȻûѣ˫۴ȻѪ⣬ȴްˣ˴ʱ׻˿ѰǴʯ˼
ʯҪԣ׻Ȼ֪֮ҶҪָٲҪʯԪԽʦϵ˺׻ϰռе꣬ȥѰǶĵط
׻û뵽ǣ⴦Ȼ޷ˣȴǰӿںеǸѲ֪嵽ʲôطȥˡ
׻ʱҲ˸ۣǰԼһʶȻװʯİѱ˳ǧ֮⣬ʧĺ׻Ǵ¸Ӧʶڵķλ
˼죬׻ŴһǧĺǰѰ˻ڷƤҵƤΪͣȻһʯûʧ
Сʦ˵˸ı䣬ľˣǱˣ
׻֮ʱļҵĿһֱֱ˿̲ŵ˵ͷ˵ǰӥۣ֮ȴǷ۷ģ֪ܸģĪɰ
ļҵ䣬ʧȥһֱۣ¼׻ͬȥһۣ϶䵹׽֣ͬĸо䡣
ҹļ˵Ҳûԭȵ׻ơ֣һΪŻ᳤Щ飬ȴ۽زԵʡ
һÿڿͷȥ󸻺ҲֻЩһӳԵĳ׻ǰΡ
׻Ŵͻƣӵ˳ǿ֮ǰΪͶԵôˡ
ʦлĽ̻壬һģ
ʵ֮׻ҲǳһԭΪϣʦҶ֮⣬Լܾܿǿˣû뵽ôһҴϣȻ˺ԼΪ൱
µλʦХ죬Ȼûн֮ҲǺԲľ磬Ҳʼŵת䣬֮Ҳָտɴ顣
ʱ׻֪ԼǺεȵ죬ĵһ˿ư֮ģҪ֪ƾǧѷĻԵŵԽģļҵ˾ȻѷĿռͻƣ츳ϲϵġ
ʦ֣һװĶʯ
׻ֳ֮ǫѷХĸйҲı࣬ԷϾԼ˶ʮ꣬ڳƺʦЩŲ죬Ըɴະһʦ֡
ңʦ֣Ϊǧٺʦˣҿɵ𰡣
űǽɣȼɭϣڳνǷǳģںʮͷƺʮĺʦʦĶڣһ׻ûʲôϰ
Х죬ҲԷƱ׻˵òΪһĴӣպ󲻿˵ֻˣ
ҶԵ˵ͷХ˵Ժ׻յӵ飬רȡս뵽쾳磬ʼǿΪǶҪŬǣ
Ҷ˻һļҺҿסˣͬʱվǣ̻壡
ļ֮ЩɻؿҶ죬ʵСʦܣΪ˵ѵ׽ﻹʲô˳𣿡
ڵ˻֣쾳Ͳ˵ˣʦֲö룬ڣһηˡ
Ҷҡҡͷûж˵ıʼпڵʱ׽УΪһﵽԪӤ磬ͱռ䣬뵽Ľ֮С
Ʋ⣬ӦΪ׽ڵԪӤڸʩչҶԪӤڸ˵ΪҲкܴѹԵʱԾ׽ΪߵҲǽڡ
֮ؼַ˺ܴı仯ѷˣҶ֮󣬾оԼʶƺܵһЩѹƣûڡǰ硣
ҶŴ󵨲²⣬ڸ˻Ҳ޷׽ٵڵˣӦþ۷ˡ
ҪץˣһڵˣܽǺɨˣȻҶ˵õģǹļһüͷδѣϳ֮
׻Щؿļң˵ʦֻҪǽڵǶµģʦǰ벽𵤵Ϊ
벽𵤣Сʦܣʦֶ˵ÿģ
׻Ļ󣬹ļҵͬʱɴ۾һŵؿҶ죬ԭΪҶôصˣΪˣȴû뵽ҶľԶԶԼ
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ҶЦŵ˵ͷʱһ㣬Χѷԭ򣬵תŵٶȸţһ㣬ļҵȻΪ
ֻҪʯЩ˶ҶԲʲôֻѪ⾭Ҫһʱ䣬ȴǼġ
㡭ǸļҵҶΣ˿ԭΪԼСʦܵĲѾܽӽˣȴû뵽ȴԽԽˡ
أ˵׻ͷֻСëЩͷˣСצ׻ͷһץзصĽض˸
ë⡵צǺεȷһץ£׻ļͷʱ˼ѪӡɿЦһֽ⿪ƤңóһŽʯЦʯôˣҿûظȥ
˵ʵ׻ʵ뽫ë⡸ģСһ𿴳û꣬ΪȴǱҰļ򵱳Լĸ׵ĻԺ棬׻ǿ಻ԡ
׻ҲǿۼСëʳЩǿԽ飬һˣһצƿԼǣ׻ǲŽһԩء
ԣСë⡸û׻ǿʯ뵽õӡ۵ʯڽëǸǶһ㡰Ըԡ졣
׻ƽʱʯΪʳҶ֮⣬ļҵ˶ǳԾŴͣǿ֪ʯĺôģôֻӰĶʳˣ޲ͷѪ
ʳﵹʯֻǸҡ
׻ԿЦⶫƽʱԵĶʨ޵ԽȥֶʯιɣҪǷҲʦƵס
׻ĻСȩ̈ԴԻߺ˼СצӶҶҡ˼£Ȼ׻Ļܲ⣬Ǹһ˿ûˣôܺˡ
ףСһ֮˲ٰ
Ҷз۾һѹϢؽë⡰УԭԵĲֺСһͻȻʩ˶嶼ֱסˡ
ȻһգҶʶȴûܵ˺Сë⡵ĸĸڵĴΪ֮Ҷ컹ҪһЩ±ҶƵġ
ҶҲû֣ʶһżգڽëҪѵʱǹѹȻʧӰˡ


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ԺͽСɣ
Ҷ쿴һֻСë⡣ĸĸԼжģҶҪڡˣﻹʦֵطĻ᣿
أҶĻСһԴһ£һХļͷҶؿڴֺƵԴﹰ˹麩̬䣬ȫûʳԽʱǹˡ
㵹ǴҶ챻СһﶺùЦǵлѹǵãޣԭ͸ӵǲŶԵģ
ˣԺһĻˣʱҴȥũܣٽ㡣
ҶԭСһԴֻκȫ±һ㣬˫۸ǲ˿Ųֻܿ׻˵ϲʳԵʯÿιţǵʯɲԵģ
أҶ컰δ䣬ſؿڵСë⡶ʱˣצӳҶҡһ£ûʨԽʳãʯҪ˿ۣΪ
кܶóԵģϲԺʯԸء
ҶХ켷۾Цʲôõʳò˸СһҪǲ⣬ҵģ
ʦİɣһ׼Եʯ
ХͱëʳʯľٶĸζۣҶ⻰æظ
Щˣ׻ڣǿ˵ǶԽǮȫںХ˽ëϲʨԴѾǲ¸԰֮ĵطרŸСһṩʳˡ
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С۶١ë⡵ӣҶЦȥɣûóԵٻңЩʯ𣿡
Сʦܣ⡭СһֱǸڰ
ȵСëһ׵ظХ뿪ҿҡͷЦҪ֪һʯͿ˴Ӻ֮Ǻεȵ󣿿ڽëǰֱǳǶһ㣬ǼﶼڵѪ
Ҷҡҡͷɫ˵ʦ֣ɱСëҪܳɳǿɲһĴڣ¾ǹŴŴɣӵôһֻϹ޵ģ
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ǾͺãʱȲȥˡҶһ£ת׻ʵǸľĿˣ
ʦľҸˡ׻˵ͷ˸ߵƤͳľţ˵ʦܣ˵ľûܴ˽ˡ
ʱ׻ǽľһƤڵģֻľ̫أڰдͷ䣬˴֮С
ϧˣǿǺö
Ҷ¶ϧɫȻļȫԽľϵݶĬдȴ޷ģ³Կľϵִζ𵤴֮󣬲ܰõɡ
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Լλʦ֣ҿռһļҶ󷨵ϰȴҶ춼ģֻ䵽ͷˡ
ǣʦ
Сʦܣû⡣
׻͹ļͬʱӦǶѾ뵽֮ҶԻһĹǣ˵Ļû˸ڷġ
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׻ҽλãˮʯ
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һҲùļҺҿ۲ѡ
Ǹղżһ£׻ƤУһиԵʯŰʮһ飬ľʯֻʮ飬⻹ҶԼȡģȴǼֿʱĵˡ
Ҷõ󷨣ȻҪʮ˿ʯһӾȥ֮һҪ࣬øո˵оĹļҺҿûҶ켱ۡ
ʦ֣ûµģʯȻ󣬵պа취㵽ģ
λʦֿɥı飬Ҷ첻ЦռĽ꣬ĴڣֻҪӵڵΪɽʵȱʯˣҶ취ȥ滻ȡʯġ
Ҷ⻰ļҺҿɫźÿһЩ׻Ҷ죬ڴϣľŷ뵽ºһͬ뿪˴ա
ҪûľģҪ꣡
´˿˿ľҶҲǰ̾ԼˣľĴ֮ƷľʯҲǲضã˿˿Ƶھ֮еʱҶܲõԼ鲻ľڻš
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Ҷ˫һԪϷĿӺҶһ޶Ԫ˫ָʱɢڸʯеӿλõҶӿȥ
뵽ٵڣ֮ǰʮҲֹ
ʵ쾳磬ʯǷǳģΪ;ƣһʯеһ붼ᱻ˷ѵ
Լʹݽڣ˽𵤸֮⣬ЩŴصĺӵܣҲÿܸʯֻвŽذʱʹʯ
ɴʱҶ壬Ǹ޵׶һ㣬Щӿûһ˿һ˷ѣȫ뵽ڣ˿˿ɫٴҶƤܿͽ


858 ܽ
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ҿһĵվҶڷķ֮⣬˵ⶼһµʱˣһ㶯ûУҪҪȥ
Ҷչ˵ڣѾȥʮ죬ÿһ죬ļҵ˶ҪתһȦҶķųٳٲ򿪣ҲĲѡ
Ӧû°ɣСʦܴ˴ܵ˿ǲᣬչʱ䳤һҲģˣҶȥɣ
ļҡҡͷǽ쾳ʱҲһαչؽʱ䣬ᵽ仰ĺ塣
ʱʹҶʯҲѾȫȹХͻƵıԵ˭뵽ӡƮϣۼǿһˡ
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еҶʵûн뵽붨֮Уڷȡо۵Ԫ֮ʣͬҲȹԼļٵΪԴӽ뵽ٵںҶ컹û˾
ľеĵãҶԼڵľһת֮ʱƤĤѪĶѪһ⣬ͬӱһһˢ˵ľ
ҶϸҲڷϸ΢ı仯ǻĽʹṹøƽ⣬ҶȾ֣ʹתţҲܵͨӵ
Լˣø˰ϸϸı仯Ҷһͷ
ܸоõԼ뵽еǸëڵƺûȫʧǹӴǱԼ֫ٺ֮Уʱ𽥸˹ȻкԼںϵļ
ëķϹһģȻ̺ЩԣֻںϣҲʹҶõ˽һǿ
ǿ̺˽ëǧԪڵ֮УŽë⡶ĸָҲҶ˹ԼĴ֮УҶٵ糹ȹ֮Ҳ𲽻š
Ȼǿڸ˵ĴĸȻ֮
ŲԪ̺ĴҶʱ¶ϲЦݣʱüͷɲͬĶıʼǣŽëһ쿹̡
ʱƣҶ˫ϵѪ⽥÷һµγɣܵҲԻָԭѪʱһ˿ɫɢһ
μǡصѪʳ֮ԳϣҵȻûЧҲٲȥаɣ
һںĽҺҶ˼ǧڻ֮ʱ;һϴ軻Ѫû뵽˼ٵ־һΣҶܸоԼѪҺ֮ȥĹЧ
һҶνǵĶ࣬˫۵ƣǼ˶شĸ򣬶Ҷԣ𵤴ֻһ㴰ֽѡ
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Ҷͷ˹æһ絽ſڣ򿪷źգ֮˼װ֮ϡ
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Ҷû뵽ǣλʦֺͽܣ˿̶ڼװϣһŵؿϲ۵ƣüΪ֣ΪΧƣǳϿա
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žһֶ֮ǰͻȻγɣҲ֪ô£
ļҵ¶һ˿𾪣ΪܸоõڵУƺ̺һɿԻصѹ˲˿ͷ
׻ͻȻڵʦ⡭Ī׽٣Ҫɽˣ
Ҫ˵ϣˣ׻ĪˣǡɵϹһ꣬նܿÿ춼εģҪǽ뵽֮׻ָ˫类ˡ
Ӧǰɣ
ϲ۶ƺֵĵ⣬ҶɫҲ粻ʱһɴƺںϽӦһ㡣
УҲھͽ𵤶ɽ٣ҶȻ뵽ʼУ뵽ɵһƲ⡣
ԣ׽ϡռ䲢ôȶ޷ɳռˣڶԪӤ׽ٵʱռѷ죬ԭ
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Ҷò״ǵӳȻٻȥ֮ϥ˼װϣ˿ʶеԪӲѹƵ˵֮С
ͬʱҶתһϢĹžԱ뵽֮УǴϽ֮ϵ
Ƭ֮ҶҲܲһ˿תȥͺһͨ죬񶼱Ϣ֮һֹЧҶվסԭأΧۿоĴڡ
ͬʱϲŵֹͣ˶׹ȴʧȥ˵ϵĿ꣬˺һƿʼɢȥֵļװϡ
Сʦܣ㡭㲻ɢ˰ɣ׽Ȼδؾ͹ȥѽ
ƾļҵθӦ޷ҶϵһɫʱùŹ޵֮˱£Ҷ˶٣ԺδӰġ
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ҶЦһ˵ĿռܲȶҪڶɽ٣ֻ᲻֪䵽ηȥʱҲ֪Ƿܻ
ʲôɹ˽ͿԳɾͽ𵤴ȥﲻаļЩŭ䲻ɽ׽٣Ϊ̫Զһ׾ܽҡ
ʦ֣ҺһиĸӣҲ˰
Ҷҡҡͷ˵飬ֻҪǻһ죬뿪ģ֮ˣʹϣأ


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Сʦ˵ǣǴʦˡ
ҶĻ󣬹ļҲ뵽˳˼֮Уʶɽ֮УмҲܻأײֹܾۣ¶ζһȲͷֱϰŽ˵ʱеĹ¼š
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ţͨ˲٣Ժٴζɽ٣ػװɣ
ԼеͷҶ¶΢ЦԣѣҶΪչʵ̫죬ֻǶ̶̵Ķʮ꣬ΪҪЩϼһǶҪߣҲľһֱϡ
ǾղĵҶľˣֻоǷһʯ쳣ɣҶվ˾֮һ㣬뵽֮
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СһԼͷ˯Ҷת˹ļң˵ʦ֣ˣǻȥɡ
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ҶӦһ䣬ʵ֪ģˣںδأ
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صңļҽйȥһСʱ֮͵ˮϷɻͧԶĺϣҶХһܣļҼһ۵ȥ
ڷɻִʱҶתһܹڵĺ࣬Ѿ˹Ҷ챻޷ļʻڣŽë⡵оȻҲȥѯˡ

ҶǼܷɻ׶󣬻ոոմ򿪣һλʮ˾˷ɻҶͨһ˷ɻڷɻ棬ͣһ˴Ľγ
ףүӣôҰγ֮Ҷŵ˵һ಻ԽԽ񰡣ڷˣ
Ҷ˵Ķʵļںļ϶Ҷũܲɵõҩ˲ٵҩһƿκ죬Ȼϻͯȷ˲٣ڵһЩ缲Ҳõ˻⡣
СӣҾƶǰɣ
κԭѵһҶģɼԼȴô˵ˣҶ˵ʱƤЦκȴоһĪѹԭ˵ĻҲɤ
кһκĿתҶͷû˵ôŸҿǳ޹ӵˣ
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Сëƺκ컰е˼˫ڵĴ۾һɣצӾˣȴǱҶסˣκ˵үӣϹ޽ë⡣ɲɥ־
ë⡣ɽмصģ
κСͼҾʵйĽܹȻ֪ë⡵֣±һ֪Ҷ˵ѻġ
ҶЦ˵һأүӣ£߶Ҽ䣡
СӣЩϡŹֵ飬ͷҪ˵ȻؼҰɣ
κεҡҡͷ֪ԼѾǰСˣڵҶ죬ϴ͸أڵݣ޷ҶΪӲǿҶ˵Ը˵顣
ţؼңȻؼң
Ҷͷ˳Сëͷһǣ˵ԺûҵĻ׼ˡ
Сë⡵ĸĸ൱ڽ𵤺ڵĴСһһΪ̺ˣҪΪҲδκεҶŽߡ
СһֻСצס˫ۣҶ첻Ц˵װһίӣͷյò˸ԣ
ԭΪë⡳ʨԽʯ֮⣬Աʳء
Ҷû뵽ʳջȴûκεĵֿɻϵĿͶԵòֺȻڻعĺϣҲɴеĿԱӵ¼


860 а
үӣҲڵʱ䣬ûʲô°ɣ
Ҷ첻ë⡵Ĳӣʵú⣬ȴóڵ¶Ȼ½˼֣κ춼̲ס˸
ȻΪ˱٣ҶѾȫľȴ޷εģѾﵽ־磬Ͷ֮䣬ĪĲһѹ
ҲҶ촦ڽؿµģĽ뵽ںҶϢĻǾͻͨȫûʲôˣ㶪뵽ȺҲѷĴڡ
κ⣬ȴҶХ˵Ӷ˹뿪󣬾ǵĺԺĸһЩĪˣֱܺȥѰҶʱЩȻڡ
ҶκЩ׿ڴӦԼҶھǵİȫ𣬻˵ˣԼ裬ҲκŮ
СӣôԽԽˣͷҶеܲ˰
κŤҶһۣԴ˵ھһգܱҶ̫ƽһ죬㵣ĸʲô浱ϵʲôܸ𣿡
ȻҶȻγɵκҲǾþλ֮ˣһ˵ʮ㣬ǽҶˡ
ǾͺãүӣƽǸҶһ¶˵΢Ц¶ǿţʱһǰѾһˣǻηĿƼ
ǽ뵽ٵںҶ֪׽ٽٶɽʧ֮⣬ֻҪԼ磬Ҳûκܴˡ
Ҷ죬⹫е㡣
κ쿴һǰ濴˾Ȼ֪миѹ˼֣ڶ˹ֵǸԶԿˣϲʶУҪʵ⹫Щˣǿʲô̶ȣ
ڶ˹¼֮κƽѾõĺԺ±мҪĻ飬ǲ۵ĺԺٿģݲԶȻҵľ߲㣬޷ƿĵǡ
˵ҷ䷸ȻʢеĽ˵ѾˣҶͶĳ֣˸ע⣬Լͬؼǿ˶ߵо
ҶμҵĹϵھȦ˽֪ģѾ˼κ죬ֵ˸ҰȫʵְҪְǺҶӴܽҶ뵽ڡ
ȻƬоЩЩᶼģĪ˹ƺڰȺ帲¼ǾϰжǺڹߵǿûԸҶġ
үӣ˵Ǹ˽飬Ѿ׽֮ˣʬ岻ǸϷ𣿡
ҶЦЦĿκ죬˵Ҫ֪ǿʲô̶ȣүӣû¶෭ǡǡһ֪ˣʵڲеĻμǡҲܲοµģ
Сӣ⹫ЦǲǣҶ⻰κʱ۾ʮλϻ˸˺˵ġ
Ҷ˵Щ飬˺ܶ࣬˷ʧķ裬ŻΪĹʵģ˷Ѿǧˣʮ꣬ųɹϵ
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κ첻Եʵ벽𵤣ʲô簡
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СɶûУôĻأ
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κĻҶ첻ȻʧЦ˵ˣһݵʦмڹٸǰ֤Լȥκء
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Ҷͫײɽһ£ͷ˯ĽëȴͻȻϹޣΣյĸӦǷǳǿģڸղţҶϲһΣյ
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ˣүӣҲȰˣǲ뵽Щȥģ
Ѿʻ˼ſڵĺͬ⣬Ҷ˰֣˵Ȼͷһ£ȥǼλҲģ


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裬һ겻Ư˰
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ԼУޱȴǼñѵӣһ仰Ҷƽ»ȥ󣬿Ҷ˵Сӣھͺƶ죬ȥˣͲ֪绰
Ů˶ⲻϲޱһһֱҶͣƤǸоǰϸ˺ܶ࣬±һ䣬ȻлЩԹȴûŵҶĶϡ
裬Ҳԣ¶⹫ȥͷκ߽ԺҶæ˵ţҵŰˣ
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ӵĶ䣬Ҷᳵ·صǸһŶϣʱẔ̇˫ֻסҶĲӣС˵Ҫ㲹ң
ҶЦ֮һŽŵϣʳָһһɾ˿ϣʱһƬڰ֮УصĴϢ֮
ҶƽҲʶȤûȥһСޣκȴǱŮһ٣һпѱ磬һ֮˸ھʹҴ뿪ˡ

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ߵĵһֵʱҶ۾˯ЦݣҶŵĦһ£¶һ˿εɫ
ҹʱҶ췢ڣвɶҪӵͷֻŴν֮ͳѾ˺ܴĲͬҶҲ֪ԼһţǷջ
𡭡뿪ң˯еţƺоʲôץסҶ֣ȴôϷˡ
ģԺҶ뿪㣡
Ҷ쾲һ̵İʲô𵤴ʲôϣڴʱòҪˣֻƽƽĹһ
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һԺҶüͷΪκĸԺŮʱκȴǲùԱġ


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Ҷ뿪κһʮҵüͷĲߣȥòͨΨһͳ˲ͬǣһ˫쳣޳𪣬ָ޼ķǳɾǵϵЩģ֮ȣǶҪġ
ȣǶţκЦһ֪Ըְ˼£¶Ӧ֪ͨҶһ£ҲСӵڸԼѿˡ
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ģǼҴȴһ˫ǹ֣ʮڣƵǹƵǵ鷢˵Ŀܽһͷƫķ˿ϣ˼˵ͷƤ
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֮ҶƤ΢΢£ΪܸоõʮﷶΧڣһεĵ粨Ϊ˷ϵǼá
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Ҷ˻һھʮԶһڵļˣͬʱɫոոϵκ졣
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ȻСͳɽԪʲôˣҲ֪ˣҶ죬˽ҲǶ٣
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Ҷ컰δ䣬Աߵһ𣬡ΪϵǾͲܰôСӣҪھȥˣ
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λòţһķ⣬λ֮µλߵһˣ˵ˣԽҲֻѹסеĻ߷߲ƽ
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ҶĻ󣬻ļ˶һۣϵ˵ͷ˵ǵ⣬ϣҶ𣬶ˣǲиģ
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Ҷҡҡͷ˵Ȼ֪Ҿ˵ˣҵ伮صЩģ֮Ϊ񻰵Ľ𵤴ҲģܵǹɽУġ
һǰЩĿɿڴˣҶ컺˵ȻνĳϣǶǳϣ˭ѲϲʹȻ˭ûа취ı䡣
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ϰ˰֣ſڵľϳȥ󣬿Ҷ죬˵Ҷˣӵǿ֮⣬ѵûиƳ𣿡
Ʊϵ۾ϼ˵ϵΪĻǾνĻӦӵбͨ˸ӳŶ԰
ϴ˻һԭûг˵ļˣζ΢΢һ£ĿͬʱеҶϡ
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׵ϹһЦҶ˵СӣԲ԰Щ꿴Ҫ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ǲʲô鵤ҩ
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СӣҪô˵ô˵ҲйˣûһҵĹ𣿡
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ȻڴʱҶԣЩҩĵҲöôˣȫȥũǿֻϰԳֻڵΪҶԳԵġ
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Ҷ죬Ҫ֪Թ䷸ˣûʲô³ģԽһܲ˵вºƣǶҽ
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ݵ֮ϣͻһϵе⣬ֻһҶ죬ʹٴĴۣǶҪǽЩձǽˡ

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СʦܣҪҪȥ
ҶĻ󣬹ļȤ죬Ҳǿ뵽޵ߵ֮УҶԵͨԳȻĺܡ
УʱһȥҶ˵ͷʦʶҩһԶʤԼȥǰԳҩҪùˡ

κƿҩҶָֻƽҲûȥũܣÿ첻ȥǸҶƽȥμһЩᣬڵҶƽھղؽȻҲһˡ
ڼд˲һ£֤Ҷźʹʦ׼ǰũܡ
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ҶеǳƽھһЩľȻڲ֪ˣڼǼȨµ֮Ҷľ˽һϲԼˡ
ǳҲԸȥ
ļҶҶĻǲΪȻתΪ֮Ҳصĸ̥ʱ״̬ҶʼʱһǵĿеǳĲӦһео󲿷ֵʱ䶼ںһߡ
ʦ֣¶Ժ˵ɣ
Ҷҡҡͷɽȥʵڲıʼ֮ҶѾ˺ü꣬ҪڵΪܽɡ
һȻھܽȥǸѱһЩŴռݣ˺뵽棬Խ𵤺ڵΪ뵽棬Ȼо룬˳
԰ҶıģԸ⹶ļҹĽЩطҪ֪ڵΪֻ޵ߵżļҽȥ֮󣬿»׽ء
磬ˣ
ũ־ڽũܵıؾ֮أŵӳƮһɼζҶ̲ס¿ˮ
ڳʳٶЩũҩȾɷ֣ҶЩ˶Եĺ٣¼ĴɫȾʳʱʳָ󶯡
㡭СҶ
ӭ룬һ֮ϳҶ죬ǵõҶ;Ƹɽ˵飬꣬ҶλͽҲɽ;ƣÿմֵһ䡣
뽫ȥ֮Ҳúúܶ࣬ÿ괺ļڣдοʹũܣȥѰνˣȻ˶ǳ˶ȥ˹ġ
磬Ҵʦ֣Ҫ߶һٷ
ҶЦŽļҽܸ룬ȻļҶһۣϵǹӵɷ磬ɲһװģ벻ҵԵ̣һӲ
룬ɽûʲô°ɣҿⲻ
ʱֵ߰·ݣҶ췢Ա߿õļ䷿סˣ඼ЩˣҶһũҲˣߺںơơ
Աߵһ̲ˣЦɽʲô°СҶֵܣǽȥʲô
Ҷڴʦλҽ˵ũҩģ׼ɽһ¡
ŶΧҩɵòˣǵԶ㡣
üͷ˵ɽЩ̫ƽȥиҩ˽ɽˤȣ˵ɷŭˣҶֵܣҿҲ̫ˡ
һ˵һ߶ҶͷСë⡿ţɽһӣûƺǺĶ
лл磬֪ҿǸ͹Ƶģɿ϶ﵽϵġ
ҶԹЦ˷ɽɲǰΣʱԳԵģҶȥҲеζ뿴ԳʱǳԾģ
ũֳ˶緹Ҷ͹ļҴСëɽȥҶĺԺһ£ٻصԼϤɽ֣ëԵ쳣˷ܣɽдš
ʱֵũܵμڣһ·˲οͣһֱҹĻٵʱҶٻСë⡣ͷųţŹļɽȥ
ţֲͬ
ҶԳ߰˹ʱüͷ΢ɲһ£ΪӦǰԪڶײеƺܵӰ죬쳣
һԪҶϤģֻϰԳһɽԳѹŵԪҶȴǴûмǹϢﵽڵǿȡ
ѵ޵ߴӽڳˣ
Ҷðһͷβ䣬ǾֱǸ˹ȥʱΪֻҪڵĸˣҶȫù˼κ˵ġ
Ȼں
߰˹ľҶԲգ۹ԳϿյʱ·ովһײһԪĲʹÿռԳˮһ
ʱԳǸ̮ڶĿյϣվһ۵ˣɫưؿʮİԳ˵󣬺̣㾹Ȼ֪ôǵү㣡
ƨ̰ͼүҩԣ˵ô󣬺үҺƴˣ
վʮİԳףлǸмҪðˣղŵĽ˲СĿʱǰİëȾѪȴǱ˸ࡣ
¶һ˿ЦȵһǲԭžֳɵףǼƽϣǼȻǷǲ֣Ǿݹֵүˣ
˵ëͷҶԲһ£æͷų·ӦʱڰԳʮ׵ĵطܵëͷ
ëͷѾˣ
ҶһϲɫϱΪʱëͷ״̬Ǻܺãʮֵί٣ϵϢԵʮֵ΢
С˿ǣȥѵǼһɣ
ҶҲ֪ض·˴˵ëͷ֪ǺǷͬûֱȥʦס˽ë⡵Ĳһѽӿжȥ
𣡡
䲻Ҷ˳ȥë⡿зһŭ𣬱Ͳ󣬵һȴȺɽصԵǵˣҲ˺üѪڣɫ䡣
Сë⡳в꣬ȻֻڵΪϹ޽ë⡣һ֮ð޸ףһ̣ɽеĳʧˣֻнë⡰ʮĺڻصš
⡭ʲôޣ
ǵ˿ȥᣬʵҲٶˣȴǴûëֶһʱҲ˵óȻ֡
𣡡
˲ëȴô࣬Դ뿪ĸ֮һֱֵú˳˿ȴԱ¶ʾϹŴѪ


869 β
׻˵ǧ⣬ëϹޣͲɱһŭСëҲѪеĴУ˫ð׹⣬Ĵܵǰһצӵץ˹ȥ
⡭ʲô
Сë⡵ĺѪĵˣ˵ǰĽë⡣в¶Ȼɫ
˻ô꣬ȱ˻ľȻ֫˿ĶȴǺȻ˳ȥʮףͬʱǰһȦΧռʱ
ţǸոսڵΪΪռ䲨
˵ľٶ֮еҶɫһݣΪʱĹʹȫ֣޷ĵռ˺ѣҶԭΪֻдﵽڲһ㣬˵Ȼ߸֪
һĻҶ첻˶ǵ˵ӣȻѾٵ磬ҲĹʼǣʼǴ඼Ƕĸ򣬹ȴûôἰ
Ҷ̵ģź;Ҫǿһ֮⣬ĪѪıɽˡ
֮⣬ҶĹֶβǺܶ࣬´еһЩѾԵòʱˣڸʹǻ෴á
Ҷǰʱ俴һţĳеһλָ֣ȦͷΣȴһִбھӳֵˡ
ҶмƣԼΪȻߣҲѪɱǺЩȥᣬʵ֪˶ϼһδؾռϷġ
ҶϷ˼֮еʱ򣬺Ȼһƺѣһ϶ʱһ㶡
ԭǵ˺ͬʱëӰεĵظȥٶȿǵ˸û˿ķӦڵʩչʱ򣬽ëһצӾץǰ
ȻãСë⡵צѽֻһ죬˴ؿڵ¸ĵۣë˺ѿ˰¶˳мһѪֻۣһ㽫俪ƶˡ
Ҷ죬⡭ֻëôô
Ҷ췽ûע⵽Σļȴһֱڹעţ˿¶𾪵ɫôû뵽Ҷ˳һĽë⡣ȻǿĹ
λԳ˰ɣĻ밵ƶ𣿡
Сëץ֮ǵαһٶףһóһƿ浹һ趪ʼգϵ˿ڶδһ˿Ѫʱǿٵ
̧ͷϿȥľֻҶһѣҶ쵥δֵܷˣǴųĹļңȴʶĿӡ
ΪҪ𣿡ȻЩɵǵ˵Լ߳һ磬аԳëԼʦ֣ҶȻҲǵˡ
зһЦҶһ͹ļҰſٵڣֻڽţƼһ㻺塣
ǡҶ죿
ϰԳΪǵһһЩֱҶ¶Σſ˿еĶˣ۾ʱ͵ԲˣһҶǰµش
Գ֣þòҶĳÿľƿɹȵģ
޵ǿΪ𣬵Ҷδ죬˰ԳȻҪƺһǰɴʱΪѾԶϺˣԳȴǸ˶Էӡ
Ҷ죿㡭ĪǴĸ԰УԵңӦҶϤ֮󣬰ԳзһֽУԭطͷһŵؿҶ졣
޵һ;أûκνݾߣԳԼٶ꣬ҲڵΪʹˣ޵أ뿪ũܵʱſ뵽ڡ
ҶǰǻᣬֻǺ۷壬ϣѣͶ̶̵ʱ䣬Ȼﵽ˼ٵΪȰԳ߳Բ磬ϰԳвһǿҵĲʵС
Գ֣ЩԺ˵ŰԳԾӣҶ˰֣ɫȻһ˵Գ֣ҽëͷ㣬û໤
˵֮䣬ҶһУʮëͷһɴ뵽Ҷ컳Уëͷ˿ᣬڼҶ֮Ҳֻ¶һɾϲͷȥҶֱ
΢΢ͷҶ¶һɱ⣬ƤȡһöСָСľʯëͷͷ˽ȥ˵Ҫȥȡƣ
ءܵӿдӴëͷ۾ʱһһ󣬰հԳĹתţ˵塣
أ˵˵Сë󣬿ҶгֵʯһΣشܵҶͷСצӴ˴꣬¶һĵɫ
СӣǾ̰԰
ҶεҡҡͷղСһֲ֮Ҷ컹óһöʯ˽ë⡵ĿУֻʯֻĴָ״Сˡ
Ȼľʯ
Ҷٴóʯʱʮ⴫һȴǵϳöɢʯ޵мѾȫʧľʯ
õ˵ľʯ̺ڿƵͬʱܲţӦڶɽеĻʲôʹֻҪһöľʯɶɽٵİա
ֻľʯγɻʮֿ̣ԣĽռڣҲҪˣֻһЩлĴǲóġ
㵹Щʶľʯ
ҶȻͷȴ׽ǵĲԼ¶̰ЦһҶ쿪˵ֻѩһ֮֪ε˵ѣȻ´أ
λѣˣ
ǵһתƿ˵ĵҶʩһ̬˵ҽкβԭܵһλУ׽ȡһЩõҩĵġȴû뵽׼ȡҩʱ򣬱ѩͻϮһʱûס֣ȴ֪ǵĳڴǸˣﻹЩҩ£Ǻĳã
һ˵ŻһȡһƿҶ죬̬ȳϿ֮
ҶӹƿӺ󣬴ڱǶһţдһɷҷȷҩ¶Цݣ˵⴦ԭ˺Ҳоɣ֪εܷ˵
˵ĻҶһֶţܶ˵ģܽػҩԵİԳˣҿǼƣԼĻὫԳɱġ
ȻҺ˾յཻʮ꣬ͬĪ棬᲻֪֣βЦ˵ⶼһѣҪ裬Ҳ˼ˣ
˿зһЦһóһ̽׸˰Գ˵µĶֻĺӣ˾ֻأ


870 ̥ϣ
ùĶ̽⡭˵Ĵ֮
ֽӹǵĶ̽΢һϰԳоͷ˾һ˫۾˲ˮ
ʮǰʱһ˾ռ֪޽ûԵʹһȥϰԳԭΪ𻯹ɣȻʱĻѡ
˾ռУǧлԳĴͳȻͣȴһ㣬ֻԳױ˸󣬳Ϧദ꣬ȸ˿Ĳ
ҿ£
ҶһץǰѶ̽㵽ϣһ֣Ҷ͸о˶̽ر֮
Ѷ̽磬Ҷıɽ޼ȴشǧڽϿš˾ա׭֣ڵĽһƽ⣬ȻȫǾƶɵģָһһ𳹰˷
Ҷľٶ󣬰Գ˵ҶҶ죬Ѷ̽˵Ĵ֮
Ѷ̽ԭ˾ռڶıɽһλɾ˽𵤴ǿߣֻλ츳ǺܺãƽǧҲûӭԪӤ١
֪ӵ˾ռٽ𻯹ɵʱӲĨȥԼѱɽϵʶ˺ˡ
Ϊλˣֻǽ̽ɴ֮ûнϰԳһվãȻ֪̽
㡭ô˵Ҫó̽ôҩأ
ϰԳĨ˰ᣬźβ˵ںδӦѾ𵤴˰ɣΪβأ
˵ĴϰԳʱȻ޵꣬ȻʧʵӣǰദʱĵεΣϰԳ޲Ͼ뿪ȥѰˡ
֮ǰòԣĳˣ
βƺҲΪԳƬж΢΢һ˵˾յʮǰѾ𵤴ƾǧ꣬պȻ֮յġ
˽𵤣ΪβѰأǼصأЩǽҲõõģ
ԳԺβĻеʮֵĲ⣬˾ռҲƾʷɼ壬Ȼ˽ȥϾ𵤸ˣղصıʵ١
ҵһȥʱҲ˵֮Խ𵤴һԳ뵽Ŀռ֮У԰Գžҵҵ￴˰͡
ѵ֪ԳĻ󣬺β¶˲ȻɫҶ˵λһ֪˾յûлԭˣ
Ҳ֪̣Ҷ첻ɫ˵
ŶҲ֪
βɫһ䣬ȴ¶һ˿΢ɲϲɫ˵׽ٶʧ̫ҿռ伫䲻ȶܵޣԽڵĸ˳֮Ϊᱻѹ˻쾳硭
ţ⻰ҲЩˡ
ҶͻȻڴ˺βĻ˵ʹ˾յѵΪѹƵ쾳磬ҲǿԻģֺôһأ
֪ǿԻصģҪٽȥͱپһν׽٣
βһ£˵Ӧ֪׽پһû˭Ըȥɹڶεģ˾յֲίȡҪĶ
ԭˣˣѩ֮£һʹ
βĽͺҶɫͬѩڻһ㣬˲Դ֮ǰΪѾȫ黳ˣ¶ģ˿ںβǸʱϡ
л½⡣βҶʩһĿ⿴˰Գ˵Сף㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡
ϰԳҡҡԴ˵ûУǰçײˣҿԽµĶ㣬ҲҪӦȥѰˣ
˵ļҴ֮ΪϰԳʱԺβһ˿ɣֻ뽫˶еĶȫԷȻȥˡ
̵ģƭҰβϰԳĶԻҶ̲סһ䣬ӿ˵˶£Ҳûа취ȥġ
λôƺ
β˰֣ҶϵĽë⡣˵ܻޣسһ֪»ǻԪ㣬û뵽
ղɱʱӣβůϸĻʹ˶κͺøУʵ޷ٶ⣬ҶͷСë⡿ʱҲе׹⡣
ѿˣҶȴǵ˵ɵӵܣ׽гģ
ҶԺβƺȫ޽ģڹļֹ¶׵ʱҶѾ˵޵ֻʮأλҴʦ֣ҲǿʦµһЩĵرŵԽģ
Сʦܡ
ļû뵽ҶȻֱӾͽԼϵȫ¶ԷˣҪ˵ʱԺȴҶĴʦٰ֣꣬Ĳػ̥ܿ
Сʦܣע⽻ǳҶĴļҺϵѵҶһ䣬ȴǱֳһ˿顣
ҶѲ޵ʮꣿβﵹûע⹶ļҵĻΪҶĻסˣϾ㵵ı飬ȴװˡ
ȻΪֻǸոսڣβļʶ۽ȴǼ㣬Ȼһʶ˵ͨҶ̽ӣóģ֤ҶԲ£βֱӾͷ˾κˡ
βǰ޵ʱһֱôãδʱ͸ʦ뵽˽ռڣֻǽȥûãʦںһԴʱˡ
ûĺβʼʱ뵽һСɣ˭Ҳû뵽һɾͱ𣬽ӹһٵĺβҲ˳ɢޡ
ԴͬѷĽռڣɽŴռݣɢ޵Ȼǿ֪βȺΰʦȴΪʲѱ֮⡣
ʱˣβһ˵Ҳ˺˽⣬ݽڳɾ죬ǼΪƽģÿɵŵӣڵΪ
쵽𵤣ȴһԽľ޴蹵ֻ֮һˣܶɹ׽٣ɾͽ𵤴ĸ֣ڸҲܳϴġ
ͺβ֪ݽɽ𵤵ˣҲʮꡣ
ˣֻҪ֮ܽ𵤵ˣǸصľţҶʮ͵˼ٵڵˣβû˵
ϢҪǴ뵽ռڵĻ¾ЩڵĸˣҲԸðٶ׽ٵķգ뵽׽˵ġ
ΪҶֽٶȣԪӤڵģҲǽڵսֻҪһɳһλԪӤϹ֣ɵĵλͻõ޴֮ľǸԴͺô
βԭЩ뷨ģǵ֪Ҷ֮ʼЩԥˣβʱȨ⣬ҶϢĳЩɣõ᲻


871 ̥£
ݽڣȱŵĴڣЩڽԭסڶ̶һٶڳ𵤴Щ˺ͽֻжʮҶȣȴԵ׾ŵͷˡ
ԺβţȵԼصڣֻ轫ҶΪĳɣһӵģʱԲ٣ܻƸ뵽Ǹ֮С
ΪҶʱľ磬ֻҪ̤ݽ磬ض޷ѹסԼΪӭ׽ٵģҶϵľʯЩɵĵ̣ȹ׽ٲ£ĹҲ
ǻɱҶ죬ôҲǼģβ֮ԥȨףϾҶľ绹Ҫ߹һвٵİ֣һ֣ǾǲݵĽ֣û㹻棬Ϊ˽ĺβǲ²ߵġ
ţôأ
ԭβ¶׹⣬ҶΪͽҪ͵ϮԼι󣬺β̬Ȼ˿ĵƺʧˣҶʮֵĲ⡣
Ȼ˵ֶЩɵҶȴֳԲÿˣڼëͷһϢʱʹɱղŵǷΪֻί߰ˡ
Ҷ˵Լδ磬ʦҲûǰᶨβֵģҶСڽ˻ɵϰߣһϵױԷ
βƲҶ쿪ʵεѣһЩռ䣬֪ξΣεļ֮أ
Ȼβûϳֵ˼Ҳֵöϼ仰Ҷ첢֪޷е飬ҲɱСϵģȻΪٵҶ컹Լ𵤸֮Ĳġ
ǺǣѼȻˣĳȻ
βˬʵЦһ˵ҴǸڣءԪΪ𣬽Ҫԣǧٱǳʺںĳһɢ޶ѡ
˵βкȻһʹԭ̫Ϊʣһٶʱ䣬ռ֮УԼҲг𵤴ϣ
뷨úβЩʧƾʲôǰ˾ͿԵõЩɵӣԼʹϢ㱨ȥҲֻһЩ
ʯղžóöľʯһУ
βȻ뵽Ҷóľʯ飬̰֮ĶʱռϷ磬Ҫ֪ΪǿҲ׽ˣǺβԲδﵽ׽ٿ϶ʮ³
㹻ľʯһЩ׼ǽͲһˣβһ£ԼӦɵİնɹ׽٣ɾͽ𵤴
˴βڼᶨ˾ģѾٶ꣬ҲʮҪˣ佫ҶϢͨЩɣһˡ
Ҷѣֻ֪ޣǺεƷأ
˾󣬺βҲûֻûʧıˣ϶ʱЦݣԴҶʱȴǱ֮ǰ˼֡
¾ˣȻϧֻھ԰֮£βŻ֣ⳡڣڵϰԳ˵ѩѾʧȥսΪ塣
ҶߵǸˣȻҲΪֻǳ죬Լ̫ԶβҲûڣΨһ׽ģҶֻ˵ޡ
˵С𰡣
ҶϵЦҲʮֿСҴһĵϼģƤצ֮⣬Ҳûʲô쳣ĵطҲʲôֱֱȥľ師
ԼĳԱԷ漰棬ҶʱͲûë˵ǻԵķˣСһһ󷭰ۣȴǱҶһʯס͡
ˮˮʯȻˮʯ
ڷҶ˵ǼٵĺβͻȻĿⱻҶóǿʯ˹ȥҲû˼ȥҶԾжˮˣΪʺĹǺˮġ
úβȻĶҪ֪ݽֻһɢ޶ѣǸ溩ʵթɱԽżܵõǼʯ֮⣬ЩѹûʯҵõЩʯҲˮԵģİ
Ҷֵܣ㲻֪ռڵ𣿡
βĳƺӻóһ淺ƵĹż˵Ȿ¼ϼ˽ڵĸִţһɽòͼҾ͸ҶֵܣȨǴҶֵ޵Ĳˣ
Ҷ죬ⶫǿðβ˻һʱҶߵĹļҴøУƺҲͨԼղŵЩС֮Ķʾ֮ˡ
ǾͶлˣСȴ֮ˣҶһЦۼβǱżûӹ̧˹ȥַҳϡ
βɿǱżȴǴȥҶƿ˵һҳ˵Ҷֵ㿴һҳע˽ڵһЩ֮أԺһҪСġ
Ŷ£Ҷ¶˾ı飬Ŀƺȫҳϵ˹ȥŹżұ¿Ŵ¶
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β¶һ˿Źֵɫ˵һֵʱɫȻҶͷһףȴϢİҶߴж֮һ˿û
Сӣɣ
β¶һ˿ɫܽδŶɱҲһֱ̬ĿУһ飬βѾǵһˣ߰˸ߵˣ޷ĳ֮¡
ţԡ
ںβƽҪҶʱͷȻһ˿ףŹûлβʱ֣ȴѾˡ
ءһ죬βҶ壬ͬʱ෴ķȥβҪҶ岽
֣Ǻιأ
Ҷջ˵µƣղŽʵʵβӲһǣúβ˸ϾٵΪڣŵʻҪԶԶԷġ
ҶֵܣÿķӦβɫ䣬Цɣɱķĳ֣뿴ҶֵܵķӦΣûɣ
˵ͬʱβ󻭳˸ԲȻǰȥЦҶֵܣٽһԣ
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Ҷ¶һ˿ɱ⣬źβĳ֣еԼǰĿռ˲һϸ΢ĿռѷһѰһ㣬ԽԼ˺ѿ
ҶʮףżͷĽë⡴Сɱ
Ҷ֪ҪǿһõСë⡣Ϲ޵츳Щռѷ죬Ҳ޷Խë˺
Ҷֵܣαްæأ
˭֪Сë⡵ǰܳʱ򣬺βͻȻһץһŽɫĴƾճ֣ëС


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Žë⡲ӣβ¶һ˿ЦݣҲǺܷΪսķ֮һ
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Ҷͺβ֮ĳͻʮͻȻǰ滹̸ž͵ϰԳ͹ļһʱ䶼ûعΪβںҶ̽ء
ֱë⡱סϰԳת˹˸æȡ⣬Ǭȴ˷ƽʱԼһ£˵Ǻʹ˹ϵٺãҲܽԷ
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ʱеѹǺβһǰߵĶлõġ
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ѹβϮɱ˲ѵġѡõٵҩƾôһɢޣôҲܽڣˡ
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Ҷؿźβ˵˾ռĴ֮εóȻ㵱ֻ˵ɱԽģԴһʼҾͶ˽ġ
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ܣҶһΧĿռʱǱסһ㣬βݳԪӲرͣ˿С


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Ҷǡǡ෴ԭΪԼҪɢĺβȴǴϲһԪԶɶݶȥûԪٶҪǷҶ׼Ҳסβġ
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ûҼĸĸȷǽëɡ
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ӹǬ֣Գʶ˵һԣȻƢ꣬ȴ֪ôҪûҶĻѩҪںβϣҶ콫ǬߣϰԳ޻˵
ģǸϾȻһʯûУʶںβһ̽Ҷ̲ס˴ֿڡ


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ҶϿţȴһѽǬֽ˹˫һ˺㵵ǣϴһƤʹУǬȴ˿δͨɢŵĽɫ
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Ҷҡҡͷ˵Գ֣ҲˣѾٵ磬ʱӭ׽٣˴ǰũܣȴԳһЩҩģÿɷ񣿡
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Ҷ콲ߵⷬϰԳֱŭڣźºβʬһ⽴
˰Գйߣִɽץֻǽ⽴Ӳ̳ȥǼֻô󣬻ǵһսսʳ
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Ҷ쾪ѺĹļңɫ¶˿ϲ֮ɫֻһļҾͷ֣ҩݳ֮⣬඼ڴ˵ŵҩѾˡ
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Щ̺ЩҩֲʲôˣҶҲȥܣƾСһｫСӳԵԲ
Ҷ죬ˣЩҩƳ㶼ʹõĵҩ
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Ҷ죬ҩҲժˣڿ𣿡
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Ȼˣʲôʱƭ㣿ҶЦָһеƹ⾡ûãһʹ˳

ũеõҩ󣬹ļҲ·ŵʱ䳤ҩԼˣڶͻתۣҶԣھĺԺʵʵס
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̩Ĵ֮Щŵ飬ʤǴ󳹴򣬿ǰĻԢ˵ɫǱò
ڵףά磬Ҳȭתø˱ˣڹڸ˷زı͸˷ʱúܴҲǴһȦӽ뵽һȦ
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һҶĺԺʱ˳˹Щ꣬ʱСĻëѾͷѾ˸Ҳһ˵ĸͷȥˡ
٣ǼҲʼ׷˰
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磬˵ﲻæɣҶҡţҶûеܵãһģҪǿԳɼñĻһ׼ҶΧ
Ҷ쿴һԱ͵Ц裬˵Ҫǩȥ谡ǸʲôСǩգܸҪ
Ҷʶ᯾٣Ҳʱûϵˣ᯾ϢҶȴǴû˶š
᯾⼸᯾ȻӰӸܷչ͸۰̨еĴݶֻҪǴ򿪵ӣԵĹǵأ벻˽ⶼѡ
㶼쿼ѧˣúѧϰʶЩǸﰡ
Ҷ˵òޱʶŷǣΪ˾ҵϵҪЩǴԣޱЩǶŲغ鸡Ǻϲ
裬ѧϰܺõģ֤ܿϻ԰
Ծ죬гϣؿҶ죬˵磬Ҷͬѧ˵ܸ㵽ģһҪæ
ãҴӦ㡣ҶεЦЦ˵Ҫңô֪ʶ᯾
ҪǩնѣҶͲҪȥ᯾ΪЩǵľ˻ǩԼ˾ǵǩƬģҲΪƽʱá
Ҷ֪᯾ǩ˸۵ʤֹ˾ֻҪϰк˵һǩգҪһƻʤҶҪġ
ɩӸҵģɩĩҪȥ᯾ݳء
Ҫõ֮Цܿˣһ޿κεҶϷʵޱ
裬ʲô񰡣Ҷǲ
ӣû£ɲȢţ񵽰ȥ
ڹô⣬ޱʲôûҶӽҲüˣһֱûӣҲޱһĲȻͶϱϵܺãޱҲӶ༸Ůѵġ
裬ⶼĸİˣҽ°࣬ˡ
Ҷ챻˵ǿЦãһð벽𵤵޵ߣôǱһ㣿ģҶŻûڶŮء
СӣأޱĶӵĶӣ̲ס¶Цݣ߳̽ʱڵӸޱоʵҸ
ĺԺŹĵ̨ǺԶʮҲ͵ˣֻǸߵͬſڣҶվס˽ţᲱһ˲˵˵ϳҲרҵһ㰡ôҿѽ
Ҷũܻ֮ĺԺΧͳסһˡ
ƸǽСǨ˹ҶֺУͺͬͷ̫̫һƬ˭벻˾ʹЦˣһ֮ǰǺǽԺڵϯڡ
ҶԭΪЩΪ˱Լ˲ܵɧţŷ֣˵ԼרԼβ͵ġ
Щ˶ҶĺԺ飬ûһ˿̽˼ֻҶʱô˸ţʱһҶҲȥˡ
Ҷ죬æţҺڴү廹ûء
ĺԺסôãҲû˳ҶʱĻûʧҲˣԼЩҶи㲻ʲôЩĵطҲԼƽϵģ֮䵹Ǳ֮ǰŵÿࡣ
ڴүµףҶɨһ̣ڴү֧һУҶ쵱꾭ʦԪϵä壬ˮƽһĸߡ
٣ǣСôͷӮ˰ɣ
Щû¾ںͬˣǸСһΪһϰ죬Ӯ˳ƣڴүʱ԰ߵǾ岻ӵĻȻǲ˵ˡ
УڴүҶ֧ˣ㣬
ڴүţ˰
ҶЦŸڴү˸к˺ͬȾ±չҶϲЩӣЩԶԶڳǵȱٵġ
Ȼ壬Ҷʮ״ԶԶĵ˺档
ţߡҶŵŵģߵǵ̨ſڣžʹ˳Ҷ϶ʱ¶Цݡ
ոסҶĸ첲ӴܳһˣںС㣬˵ٿ°


880 ׷
С㣬˭
Ǹ˴ӵ̨׷󣬸պÿסҶֱۣһ£ɫ̶ѿ
Ҷ˵ѾˣϹ
ЩΣƺҶסֽһЩ˵ϹϷһҹ˾ܲãǵĲƷгǵ̨Щҵ
ˣʲôý͵ģҶЦЦһŵıӣҶСɵϰߣСʱ֪Ϊ˿޹ٴαء
С㣬˵ģ
ҶǵӣЩʣ˵С㣬ĵдĿδ鰡㲻ƭҵİɣ
׿Ҳҵ˵Ļŵɫһ䣬ҶʱѾμӹˣҶ⣬ҲһֱûиĶ̨ĸ˵
ǰ׷ԼûгľٶΪ˺ɣֻϴʾܾҲûŰ׿ôǴ˿Լĵ¼ʱ溬˪ˡ
˿Цһ˵С㣬ϲ㣬ǧ֡
׿ǰɣЩҶ첻ЦӣǽѾмˣûµĻǾˣ
Ҷ쿴׿ü¶һӡǼа֮ͽ׷ſҲŮӺ¡
Ҷ쵹ûһʱԣϵȥ˲٣ҶǰƢĹܶԷǺ˻ˣɧŵԼӣȴһ˵ˡ
鼸ˣ׿ҡҡͷһĲţʶСҲһˣû㣬ǲ˫ƭҰѣ
תţ׿һϿҵ˵С㣬ϣܸҴλᣡ
׿һϷ˾ĹүҲ׳ƵСȥʶŵģʱһ;Ϊˣչҵ׷ʵǻžѾԼˡ
׿¾Ͳĵδ飬ýǮͨŵһЩͬ£Ҳ֪û˽͹ֻѵĽڡ
ڹϵһЩԭ׿ڹһʱ䣬ǰŹɣչ˶ŵ׷ֻôû뵽žȻĺһһ
һ˵׷ԼţҶȻľչ˲٣ҲЩͷˣɫһ˵˰ǰ֪㣬ڸˣûû˵ġ
λ׷ҸȨ
׿´Ҷһҡҡͷ˵С֮崿ͲӦմȾϢܸҸΪνױ𣿡
׿Ҷ죬ʵǴ˿̵Ҷ죬ʵǹƽӹˡ
ΪȫϢҶϵȷû˿˵ĵطȻòӽ˶һ׼Ҳֲ
οҶ촩Ǽɫ͹԰ﳿͷ̫̫һ޶ûдݵֱµһ˫沼Ьôôоᡣ
С㣬ȥʿѩ֪пûУ
׿Ȼòȡ˵ˣʵڸоҶԼвʱΪҶֻҵһڡ
֣ӵ̨·ϣһɫ˹˹Ϣؿ˹ͣ׿ߣ׿򿪺ųţóһʻ˵С㣬ϣܴӦҵ룬ģҲʲô㲻Ը顣
˵㻹Ǹأеɵ
Ҷ컹ǰ׿ûʲô취׷ԼţֲǷʮĴ˭ԸһʧһأҲѹŵͬѶΪδ顣
˵ʵ׿е㲻֪νȻ׷ţҲŵĵϸڼڹڷ֯ҲǶҵڼҶŮҪȥʿѩ
˹˹Ҷо͸ǸЦˣΪ˹˹˾ÿһ³ϰޱжƣֻҪҶ룬ͣŷ޳Щ˹˹ڳһӡ
λô˵׿ڹ꣬ܵĽǳãȻҶҲܲˬܹûгԲѷֻüͷе벻ͨΪλôһơ
Ҷ죬
סҶ֣˵ʱȴǱҶϵˣǰɣúϻȻ㲻ҵӣ˸㣡
˵䣬Ҷž̨ʮ׿һӴ֡
һţһţĿǣȥȥ
Ҷһ֣վԶһֱҶЩɵˣǸҶ콫һ£ʱҶЦЦ֮⣬ûҹǡ
ϻ˵ȻҪȥˣҲȥںͬǿᲱºͷĳƣԽ͵ش˸飬Ҳ˲һѾԷϽƵ·ϣȾܡ
ҶʲôԸͳƽ˽ҲزˣֱߵҶǰ
Ҷָָ׿˵ǰߣȻףѾˣˣĪ
ѣ
ҶĻ뾯ֵġӢʱһǲҶϰװװãҲҸ̫֮ǰһֱΪ׿Ҷѣôû뵽ɧҶӣ
ԱоЩЦԷǣǶۼ쵼˶ԴҶ̬ȣ仰˵Ҷ쵱˸ɱˣҲܵκεĳʹ
Ҷ˰֣סţ˵ѣǸ˵׾ˣҲΪ
£ҶͲмȥһ֮ž뿪ˣڵ̨ſڣ˵עԼϣҶɲﱻΧۡ
ǡʱ׿ҲоЩˣסҶ졣
˵һ˰ɡһԱס׿СӣȻȥҶ죬ҪλСү鲻ܻվ˵
ʲôˣ׿δ䣬˹˹ͱ˸ˣԼ屻˽ȥ
Ҫʲô
˾ǸӦǺܿ죬ֻ붯ʱһѺڶǹָ̫ѨϣĶ𶯣ȥط֪ˡ
ʱһ·񱼵ĳҲϵˣкϳ˹˹ܿʧ˳׿Ǽ˹֤𾪺زŶչĵ;棬ͶǺˡ

Ҷ죬㲻
ĺԺ;УСĵع۲Ҷɫüͷһֱţɿ˵֮ǰͺˣ˭֪Եȥҵ˰
ҶҡҡͷսŵС֣˵ţûˣ룬ǲǸóȥ棿
׿ǷҶҲЩд˺۶˼֮⣬ûӳι


881 
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ҶĻŽסҶ֣ܸоõɷеһ˿ΣͬʱҲжҶԼ⣬ֻҪ߾ˡ
ŷޣҶһǾȥһʱɣǿȥʿѩ
УϹġŽҶϣ˵ֻҪܺҶһȥﶼҪ
ɢصеʱ򣬳ѾĺԺĴſڣҶæӭ̬ȹ˵ҶǸ˲ɧСˣǹʧ󣬻½⣡
ȻҶ첻ڼǰֻ£ƲҲҶͣΪҶϣһᣬƺǺܴ
֪ˣûʲôҪΪ
Ҷ˵ͷҪǷǰû׼ͻᱩ׿һ٣ڵȣȻ׿һʶϣԼļ֮⣬ѾǵҶ춯ŭˡ
ǣҶƴӦһҶ¶ЩͷɫϺԾÿſڡ
ϹǸ˲סںͬڵʲô˰
߽ĺԺһؿҶ죬ÿϰܿˣ˭ЦǺǵģͺͬЩסǹϵò
ҶЦЦ˵Ҳ֪ɹģ
ޱǹ֪ŵϰ壬κŮݣҶ˵Ҳ˵ĹȥҲĸȥ֤ġ
¶֮Ҷ췢֣Ƶ˵ĹԽԽϸˣڲг˺С죬ͷڶС̯λʧˣȻЩҶ֮⣬Ҷ˲ûв
ȥʿѩһ·õļڣҶŵļƻһ˵ҲҪȥҶļôûޱͶһϼƣɴȫҶȥŷ޶ȼ٣ʿһйꡣ
ֻҶ˼յʱһ½ƻȫˣǾǡŻˡ
ʦ֣϶ϲΣûʲô⣿
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ʱҶһ˼Ժ⻹ѶںȻޣŮУڼ˵Ҳ飬ӿҹϹġ
ȺеĵȻˣԱŵǴ۸ϻĹļңָڸŰ
Żл飬ŸоһģҶȻƲʲôҽ֣һðյ֢״ǿóģһʱ˲ͬ
Ҷʱֻоӵ飬ӦָԲ֮һֻǰĸоʱҶסˣΪϲļ
Ҷ쵱ʱû£ԸȥֽһԣȻǻˣҶŽϢ˳
鼸һֱûкӣ⼸źҶҼ̵ĲŻ¶һȥҶȫ䶯ˣʿ֮ȻǱǳҶҵļȫŵϡ
ޱԭ뽫һ֪ҽģҶ֪ҽǸ˺󣬵͸ˡ
κӾһĸҽԺһҽƶӵУӵǸʮŮڣȫĸҽв쵼˵Ůֽġ
ˣҶ컹ĸ׵˽˷ɻʦִӸ۵˻ҶȣļҲĹҽʥ֣һʹó뻯Ҷ춼硣
Сʦܣϲϲɡ
һ֮󣬹ļվ˵Ӧʮˡ
һ£ļ΢΢üͷ˵̥λЩ˵Ҳĵģôֱڲŷأ
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ʲô⣬ҿЩӳϼҩˡҶŵӣļҰ˰֣˵СʦܣǻᣬҪ֪ưӻأ
ȿȡҶ챻ļ䲻һ仰˵Ǻǣʦ֣ҡⲻû飬û
˵ͱ˵
Ҷ컰δ䣬ŵָܷܷϣΪ˲ǰڼʱܵ䵭Ҷλʱÿնŵ壬ͳŲסˡ
˵˵
Ҷʱֻ֪ɵЦˣ֪ӻ֮ϵЦݾһֱûϹ˭ЦǺǵģϳŸʱ򣬻Ӹһ̣ŵǸæϼ˻㱨Ҷĸ񾭣
Żе飬ܿʹȥˣھǵףάЩȻŵأҲٲ˵ģƽ˰ӡ
ԶڽϵķӯӯҲѶӯǽϹ˻ȥԼĺԺסûһµĹ򣬺ӴӳʱҪõ򲼵·ȻŮǸֹ˳
ں֣˦ִƹӵı߶մˣΪļ֮ĵ죬žͺַˣֱùΧţҶ쳹׳ˡ
ӵĶһر󣬸һ̣һ˵ĸоҶţѪǰʲô𵤴ʲôʱòôҪˡ
ת֮䣬߰˸µĹȥˣۿӼ裬Ҷ쾹ȻЩﻼûʧǵ˻һ㣬֪ȡЦ˶ٴΡ
裬û°ɣôȥôˣ
𴲵ʱ򣬸оһʹʱͱͽĺԺһ侭ĲһǰסĺԺǸС飬Ҳŵع
ҶģȴǱ˼Щ⽨Ĵø˳ⲻտƿæӭȥʱľͺ죬ҶĶͷϲϸܵĺ飬ɼʱŵˡ
û£̥ǶӾǲϳ㵱ʱһ
ӽŵģޱûͷϵһ£˵ʱ򣬷ͻȻһУˮˣҪˣСڣҪţ
ûµģޱο˶һ䣬ת˲ֻҶүɵվ棬ǽɫ
ʱÿһӣԵôҶҲ֪˶ãۡһӤޣӲﴫ˳
ˣҵĶӳˣĿͷҶҲ˲ˣһƿ˽ȥ


832 
Ҷ죬ôˣ
մӻʿӹӤҶҶ죬һ£æ˵Ͻȥ˽ģ㣡
⡭ҵĶӣ
ûǸƨƣɤӡֱۡ޵ӤҶ·ûõĻһ㣬Ҳ˲ǺδϴֱӾͽ䱧˻
Ҷ죬㡭
㣬ڶʲôˣЩˣ
ҶҪҶ죬ޱæһѣҶСϳ¹ʣޱ¶֮󣬻ûм¶ԲҶŵӡ
ǰԣҶ̾˿Ҳû˵ʲô̺ϰֶˣһùõٶ˵ˡ
Ҷӣ
ҶΪжߣλжôȻڴ˿̣µĸһźӸѪ飬ȫΪ˸ߵ֮С
ѵģ
ֵĺӱҶһʱЦЦ·ȾǳӤԭ޵СһȻֹס˿ƵСϣȻ¶Цݡ
ã˾ҪЦҶôôãСһһϣҶҲоġ
ӣҶ죬ѺӸ̣Ҫϴµģ
Ҷ䱦ģڴϵҲҸЦݣҶʹŰ壬Գһ֮⣬ӵŲûʲô󰭡
ԣԣҽˣ
ӵĻҶηѣСؽӽλ˲ٴںһŵĴǰץסӵ֣˵ţˣ㿴ûУǵĶӳˣ
쵰űҶ˵ÿЦãӾģ֪ܲԼһ侲ϹЩʧ˷硣
Ҷ죬׼ĺأСҶһ䡣
Ϊȷ˳ҶĺԺһס˰λҽʿÿ䶼ֵ࣬ǱȽģϸĵһϹȥ׼ˡ
׼ˣ׼ˣ
Ҷϲվӿڴͳ˰˷ݺһдֺȽһݺݸλѾʮҽڣˣһ⣬ǧҪܾ
СҶ̫ˣˣˣСڣǰﺢϴ裡
ҽʮǰˣȫһڣλߣֱҽԺƸ˻ȥʱԽģʮˣȻʮֵȽ
̫̫ҲҶ飬ǺźܱƾҶһ⣬ҲûʲôֱӾͽ˹ȥרҵڵݵλҲ±˵ܺġ
ʿģԽ㣬Ҷһϲؽеĺ˳ȥڲȶǻʿǶ˷ȥչ˺ˡ
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˲֮һոյҽԺõСʿƲ죬ºľ飬װ˶ٿǮҽԺյĺ硣
Сܣ˵ǿǾˣ
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졭治Ǯǡ֧Ʊ
ڽ뵽׼õϴһʿ͵͵óǺһ£һ˶ʱסˣźֶڲ
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ԱشһǸʿȻ𾪵ɫڰ˵ڣ⡭Ҫ𣿡
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ڣǰʮǧ˰ٰʮˣ
򿪺֮Ҳǵһ۰ʮǮŲסΣֻӾ͸ĺ˴ֱʣȫ˵ҲǶһݰɣ
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ڵĻҽҲǽ֧Ʊװ˻ȥֻȴЩᣬЩղμӹûСʿ˵ʮѾһʾ޿ˣһǮҽԺ׷ӵˡ
˵ô£
׼Ѻеʱ򣬷ű˴ƿˣһصҶ˸ԴģʮֵĹ´ŵҽǵĹȴûЩ˶Լĺ
ҶӶѾϴˣҲ˰Ħ˯ˣ
ڽҶӭ˵Ҷã⣬ǮĲҪҪģ˵ҲҪ
Ҫǧ˰ٵģھͻһӣʮϵĺζյģȥĻڲ


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ڵĻҶȻƳӤ˯Ķӣɻ˵̣⹫޹أֻǱҶĳһ⣬ںǮǮ٣ЩҶ˵չˣҾֵôģλ͵ҶǸ˺ˣ
ڷʱҶҲ˼ģԭÿ˶8888ĺʵѾõóˡ
Ǿٲǰ죬ԺɢʱŻһ£ʱߵΪ˷ԼԺĳ·ʪ͸ˡ
һʱĹԱҲǺܾľԽ㣬׼ѧסһڣһ춼û뿪עŵϡ
ҶǸоⲻȥĸһ֮󣬲˸޶ľҲҶ˵Ϊ԰ڣĸлЩҽͻʿǵġ
СҶⰢˣҲ֪ҽԺʣǷ󰡣
һӲ֪ƶٺˣЩͼ죬˵ĻҲҶеˡ
󣿡
ҶЦ˵̣ҶĳȥǮû˻˵ģλͰţ治ҪĻһЩǮΪǽһ֣±ҽԺЩۺĻͻң
Ҷ쿴óǰλ̫̫治ЩǮԱߵЩҽʿ۾ȴв񣬱Ͼ21ͳڣҽԺĹҲô࣬ŹʮĻҲҪĹˡ
СҶ֪ϵɡǲҽԺҲܺɣ
ҶղŵǷ˵еЩȻκǰȨԺգһѾȥˣӺ͵طϵͳƶȫͬϣҲ޷ҽԺġ
˵үûϵˡ
Źִ̫̫ҶЩʱֻ࿴ӣҲûﳶ룬˵̣ɣЩ֧Ʊλţͷ˵òã
ǺðɣСҶӵİɣСһܽ
̫̫˵ͷ˽Ҷڵ飬Ҷ治ҪĻҽ˽õ֧Ʊ֯ģҲʡҶӡ
̣ǶҪлǵģڿӲɣ
ڵĻҶ۾һߵӤԱߣüͷСͷһĶӣҶ·ŵģס˺³˯еСһ
ûµġһ΢Ц
ұ𣿡Ҷ֣³˺ӣ¶Ϊѵ顣
ЦȻа㱧ȥСǰɣӸճĸһаȫеġ
ãã
ҶӦţе˫֮ϣСرС壬֮˯еСһоκε쳣
Ҷ죬
ոձӣޱӯӯͽӣһŵģޱ˵ܱú豧˲ˣȥ㣡
ǣҶ죬Ⱨӵ飬㻹ҪѧѧźˡӯӯСһĲ棬Ҷûбúӡ
裬ӯӯ㣬ڰҵ׵ȨҶûط˰ۣ˵˭˰Ҫȥ㣬ӿɲС
⹫㲻Ҫ㣿ѺӸң
ޱȥҶ˵ӣֻ㬵ɿ֣үӣϢôôͨճˣ
⺢˵ʲôأˣȥɣ
ޱø첲¶ӣȻ̵رСԺ᷿ȥʱһ£᷿ĲϢ÷㽫ӱǿ
Ҷ죬⹫Сһ׼ĳ
Ҷĸ׸һ᷿ں͹ļЦκóǼƣǺ̫СֱӸҵȥ
Ҷ챻ᱧӵȨأûɵص˵ͷ˵⹫ллˣⳤͭİɣ
Сӣ˵ʲôأ⹫ú˵Ѻӱȥޱûص˶һۣӯӯһСһﱧݣһŮ˶ʱߴߴΧ˹ȥҲ³˺ӡ
Ҷ죬⺢˸ʲôְκ֪ԼʣڱǰԼԶղǾ仰˵ˡ
⺢ȱҸ˸ֽҶСͽ쿡ӵ֣ҶʱüɫһҶ֪ϣСһܴɣ
Ϊ˸֣ҶǷ˺ܴһҶĴСǾݲžġ
һҶ֪˼С󣬼һҶ֪֮ĺƿ֪֮֮һԤ׾֪ｫķչҶ֣ǶСһܴ
һУҪѭҶ޷ıӸĸ˵ˣҲżȮ죬ȴö·Ϊû츳ҶҲǿиıʡ
ڸղţҶѾֶӵĸǼѣڵĲֶΣԺÿҩĸҶҶţ̤ʱ䣬ԼҪġ
һҶ֪֣
κȻ֪Ҷ˵Ĵʲô˼ȴû˵Ҷ֮ҪǻܳôһμҶմģүӵȻᷴˡ
Ҷ죬˵ˣ治ѣ˵͹ˣ
Ҷ⹫˵ŻʱԺﴫһСУȴСغϹˣȻΪҶѣȻҲ˺档
ҶӭһȭҶؿϣЦСӣ˶Ҳϴ˵һŮʱǵһʱ͸˰
ϺؽѾüˣŮѾˡ
Ͻ֮ûвμӹͼͬ󣬿ʼͶʺղƷȻҶӴĲǺܶ࣬ҶƽߵķǳغŵĹϵ߶ǳĶࡣ
ϴԩˡ
Ҷʹؿڣ˵һҿɾͷ֪ͨ˰˵Ԥ죬Ķ֪ӽͻ
ðɣԭˡ
ЦŰ˰֣˵Ҷ죬׻˵Ůһ𼦣Ůޣӳˣǽ׼ô
ϴ˻һں˵ʱͣһϣؿҶ죬Ҷ쾩Щ棬ףά֪Ҷڳ֮⣬ҲҶ˽ˡ
ҪܺҶ׼ңݿɾͲһôˣֱӽ뵽ϲǸȦʱܵǸȺĺܶ
ϴ¶Ժ˵ȥҶӰɣа˽أҶһЦȴǲصĽˡ


884 
ãҪӿҹŮˣСӿɲܹ
̾˿Ȼ֪ҶԼµЩ飬ƾκĹϵҶĸޱĲƸҲļͥģҽ׵Ŀ΢΢
ϴҰͲҼСܿŮأʱǾϼˣ
ҶԴЦΪˣȻƶˣ֮Բ⣬ΪҶԼҲݲӵ޷Ԥ֪պᷢʲô顣
ϵŮʮֿɰĺӾǸһ㣬ҶŶʮֵϲŸǽŮҪǿ͸ӵ˵ҶͻӦ׮µġ
ˣϣҶæأţ
ʱҶϵ̸ЦҶ죬֪ſˣ׼˲СӵĶҲǼһ⣬°ɣ
˵ŻһнҶ죬浹ûʲôֵǮЩܾµСӵ·ЬñҶʱĶȫˡ
壬ǿɶлˣҶЦŽӹУڵңͲںôصص꣬һϣҶյĻǺ׼ġ
ˣҶ죬ǾȻȥˣ㿴ſˣͳ֮ʹǣΪü˴ǰԺĴ˽
壬Ǵߣ˵ʲôߣһԷһþأ
ҶһסȻϣ˵ϴأǽȥ˵˵壬п˲ȥҰ찡
ã߶ˣҶĻʮֵ¹һЦŮŮ᷿
ףܣ˵Ϻܣôھǰ
ͽ᷿Ҷתӭ˸ոսˣףάĶˣ󻹸䳿һİˣ϶ŸС
ףά˸кҶ쿴Ķ˵֣˵ݸòǰЩӺˣ˵Ǳ߳˼ӡ
ҶĻĶִӵ䳿ϽӹһУЦҶүɶǳĹգ˵ӳССﲻɾⰡ
Ҷ˵ĺǰ˼ҷԴӱҶ㲦һ֮󣬷ڶţִ֮ûҲҶ˵Щݵ顣
ԭĶݻմȾһЩڵϵ飬Ͻɳһһֱڼβˡ
ԴʶҶ֮ĶЩɾĵӱϴһɶĶӿɲڽкʹǹϵ˶Ҳʮء
ĶʼЩĪѯʹףά֮ȻˣǿҶϲŻзġ
ڽӵҶĶ֮ĶϾԼףά磬һλ鱦ŵܲôӶ̱˳ٶѡ˼˹
ӹĶҶЦҲôˣˣʵ̫࣬ȸպ£Ⱦƿɺã
УҶϵˬ죬Ҿȸˣ
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Ķ뿪ʱҲûкףά磬Ҫ֪һףάҲûõдĴһÿԼûҪﴥùͷ
Ҷ죬ֶӳ׼˼Ҳһ⡣
Ķ뿪ףάӿڴͳ˸Ц֣ӣҺòײģҲ˲ðװˣԼҸӸӴϰɣ
ףά˵֣λ鱦ŵܲã֣ܼҴһ֬ƶɣԭԼӵģûûͱףάȥˡ
ˣˣ
Ҷ˵ͷӹǿ˵ʵûʱд㣬֪ҲæҪٵ㣿
ҶףάӴ٣ʵԭлΪѵģףάͶʤ̩ǼҶܲȻͶʤ˳𣬲ϵȴԶ˺ܶࡣ
֪æкȥɣҶȥ
ȻҶĻףάֻǵûھȦҲͷĶĺԺףܵɾûطˡ
ףάǶʱ侭ţҶ˶죬һߺҶǰָ̫̫ͣΣҶҡҡͷҲû˵ʲôӳϲӣ˵Ȼǲġ
˵壬˾ô绰
ſֳһˣ˺ҶæӭȥǹȾһԵףάﲻ֪Ǹʲôζ
ջģͽӵˣ粻ɰ
Ѿƾӵŷ޵ĳϲȫԭ񵽶˹ģǳǼ֮Ҳ˹ȻƾԼĹϵϴɣҲʺ˹ˡ
ŵƿҶǰ˻Σϲȫ˵һүҲѡʲôպôƿ19͵ķؼӣͷǺȼúף£
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ãͷһúúȼҶЦŵ˵ͷ˵壬ڹ⻹ϰҪҪûʲôˡ
ԳϲȫҶлмεģǻ¶˺ǣҶóϲȫһҶ˹֪ʱǻϲȫʵЩģϾھ˴뱲ӵġ
ڶѽˣҶڣƼҲҲҶԳϲȫôõйĹǶҶ˵Ǹ¶ˣһ仰ܰá
ϰ߆ҪٷЩˡ
ҶĻ󣬳ϲȫֵ˵ĿȾǺöˣһ쵽ɵģ̫Ҫ죬һ治ϡ
Ǿͺã壬ºȻ裬һᱧӳ
Ҷԭųϲȫ˵ģĺԺſڴһŲüͷ΢ɲһ£ϲȫõԺĿºһʶǰԺХ죬һ˹˶ҪٷŽˣ⻹ûء
ǣʦ֪ˣ
һֱǰԺӭ͵Хһʶǰ߰˸ӭԺ󣬸ɴֹ˴ţһȺ߽Ժ
һλͷ׵ǰ棬ļ棬ȻסͬĳƣХҲ֪ô£οҲڵλˡ
һԺϾͿӭҶ죬վסŲЦ˵СҶϲϯ£Ҵӣ
һ˵ԭԺˣһĿɿڴȻ䣬Ժš


885 
˵ʵԭϸսʱûм˽ĿעϣҶļùҲ˵Żһڣʱ˵ע˹ȥ
һҪսӹҶƽ׼ףά磬ˣȴֱյͷϣ׼ȲĳϲȫһǱȲ赹һԼϡ
ոտ˺ӣһſżһǷſֱӾڵˡ
֮Իֱ֣Ϊ˭û뵽Ҷļϡ
ʲôˣǿǵ̳ĵڶҪȵκ컹Ҫ߳üλڻкü꣬λνԺ֮
˵ǹʲôҪȥϴϯǰ䣬⵹˵Ĺȥ
ڵҶ˸ӣǰûһСʱʱ䣬ϾͳΥ˳̲֮࣬סҪˡ
Ϸ˵Ƿȫûἰκ죬Ҳ˵ֻǵĿҶϲ˵ģðҶƽޱڵҶ֮ˣҲЩͷˡ
ллϯллϣ
һԺ˵棬Ҷ湦Ҫģ¶ǡֵĸм飬˵⹫ݣϽȥȱɣ
ŶҲڣ
Ҳ֪Լĳֻ˴ʲôĳЦ˵׻ûϺϵҾ߶һɣ
ԴӷҶ͵Щҩ֮ϵ˶о˺ܶ࣬ĶԣһҶϵֻҶͲ磬ϺٳǰԵõҶ룬ʹٷæҲܾġ
ܣôˣʱݵκҲĶԻӭ˳
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ϽһϵĶ˹˵ϯдһ֣͸СҶģϣɱǳֺᰡ
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˸ˣϯϵݣܶͬ־ȥĵ䶼ɰ칫ҴΪģҶεºܣȻһдһأ
ϯ̫ˣܣҶӹǷ֣κ콫᷿
Ҷ죬ôȥҶƽʱعһ۶ӣ˵Ȼǿģ⵱˵ҲҪȥŰ
Ҷƽ⻰˵ĿȥˣôһλֻڵϼԼǰֳǺǿҵģ³ڷûгĹļҺԺХ֮⣬˶оҶЩڵˡ
ڹļҺХ쿴ѳԽˣȻȨ죬Ҳûаϵ߸ʹڲͬĲϣ׷ĶӲͬ
֣û£ֲǳġҶЦҡҡͷХ˵̯ơ
ԣϯдʲô
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Ҷһ仰ʱ˵עתƿ۾ضסҶǷûüװѵĺҶƽڹ˻˶һ۾ֵܿıīûȫ͸
ףҶϲӣXXأ
Ͼô򵥵ļ֣ʱ䣬ȻֻǺͨһףƾǸֺʺ˽£˶Ľѵġ
дʦֶдúã
ϯǼëֺҶ̲סһ䣬ȻԾ鷨ĽǶ˵ȴûʲô裬벻Ҷķۡ
˵ʲôվڶߵҶƽֹݺݵصҶһۣ˵ָңȥȥѺ
֣һȥ
ҶƲƲ죬վǰԺŴĳƣ֣˵֣ȥҼϵ꣬װ°ɣ㿴Ҽ˶æòɿ
ҪǰҶı⣬ѹȥװѣֶǽϣ治ùļýʣһֻдʲôģȻĿ֮Ҫ̬ģź˳ȥȡ
Ҷкæ˹ҶİɣһõĽʦװѵģ
ᵽ֮ͬ󣬳ƸоδĹƺЩԵֻҶָ䣬ڴҶ˵Ļ쵼Ҫá
Ҷ죬ʲô飿Ȼϵľָʹö
һĻԭͺԺˣ¸Ӳ֪νˣǶǼʶףά磬Щǳ˽⣬ϵɻ֮ɫҲŨء
Ҫ֪ÿ쵼һ֧רŵľ飬Щֻ쵼İȫƽʱӰһ㣬ֱϼ֮⣬ٰȫ⣬ῼǱ쵼ĸܣǿнתƵȫλȥġ
һ֧ɲеĳԱȻҶϹϾִҶĻ붼룬κģԭϤҶ죬۾ʱ˺һɴԵ쳣ء
壬ףܣţȥ
ϵı飬ҶҲ޿κΣҲû뵽ϾȻ˹ͺףάˣҲо𾪵ġ
¶ҶҲû˽ͣһ֮ϺκڵǼ᷿
ԺЩˣٶ֪ЩҶڳ˵ĵطȻȣȴûȥ໥ۣһˣڿһĻ֮󣬴ʱȴס͡
Խ㣬ûɣλܣȴҶǸʿɿס͵֮ȻŵĿȥһ
ЩҽʿлӴ쵼ˣϲûرĳԾ֮⣬ȴǶɵˣǿ͸ţĿ淢ͶԻ
ûܣ
εҲ¶ЩĽɫЩʿҽѹ˵ȥ֮ϽϽ֯ҪȻ˴˭Ȳǵģ
εĻǼԭЩԸСʿҲͷҪ˵ղǱ֧ƱϵĽסˣھǱոճֵܸ˻꣬˭ȥҶĺ
ţǮͲȥ
ں˵ŻҶ죬ʶȴǽԺӰЩҽԱĻϲ¶˿Ц
Ҷüͷһֱڹ۲˵СҶôˣͷˣȥϱͶӰɣ
ûµģˣܣһеСҶһ˵ŽںҽС˺࣬Ұ˵ǣⲻΥɰɣ
ǺεˣҶ⼸仰ʱ˼ԼĳҶĺͲȥˣЦϲ飬ΥɣҶ죬ȥǣ


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ڵŸͲҪʿչˣҶȱľǣҽ˶ӤлûʧڣǶû뵽ܾȻҶļ
ΪճʶݵˣһһܵעģͲΪһӤĳǰأοƺϯ͸Ѱζˡ
ܣôˣ
Ҷ߽ʱ˶ˣһæҵվȻڹʣƽʱҲܽӴһЩ˽ӴֵȼģɻǵһΡ
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ʵԽߵˣԽǻֳ̬ȣЩ⽮ǶЦܣʱȴЦݺͰ쳣ʱĹˣҴϯͬ־ǣ
࣬࣬ллܹģ
һֵʱÿ˶Ʋס˷ܵı飬ȻƽʱڵϿЩȺں쵼ʱֳļЩ٣Լϣиܵٵĸо
ںֵʱЦ㣬ǹҸ̩ˣ
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ʲôҶԵ͹ܴף
˵ǸеԾĻֱܵⷬˣʲôݣ˵ΪȻΪ˺飬˵ֻ
һ˼ҲҽĳԱĪǸһ΢ЦĴкʱָӵ̲סϡ
ҽЩˣĺԺҲһˣҶǵӡǸˣʮֵĶأһڷΪɵĸоʼ޷ʵؿ
һǣȻҶСֻҪ˵ĻĸĸԷԣ˵һԾŶأƺҶ˶Χһ㡣
Σڵ˶޷ҶܿǾ䡰Ե͹ܴסĻϵܱһλ쵼ˣ´ӽҲȿɣοҶ컹˵ᡣ
ܹˣСӿɲҵܴƱҶĳ˰ɣ
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ҡ£ҽЩˣѾĳЩľˣûҶܵʱֵ٩
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ЦŶڵ˵ͷת˷䣬뿪ļڣڶѻȸҽˣܷŵǷ
Խ㣬Ǯǲˣ˺þ֮ʿȥ²Ҷݣ罫֧Ʊʵʵڵװڿڴﻮ㡣
ʦҲֻܿڣ˶ʿʦ˽ﶼǳΪʦġ
˵˻Ƕ°ɡԳЦЦһûչû뵽һգ˸ʮǧ˵ġ
һ£ڵɫ˵òͺӵĻҪȥСҶݣ𣿡
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ڵĻ˶ǵ˵ͷںļǵĹϸгǾ޶ġ֮⣬ҶصݣҲ˲ɺӵãȻЩǺˡ
ܣڣǡ
ܳĺԺҶ¶ζЦݣףȻԼЩη׽ʵҲںӳĵһʱͰͰ͸ģбȻбԭ
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ܽһԼȴ¶Цݣҡҡͷ˵µģ⺢Ӹճȷŷ˵ɣԺóƸ㣡
֪ΪʲôڵݵλҶǰȻһ־нĸоȻûб¶ϣԸףҶɢϣϯҪ֡
ֻȴǲ֪ҶΪ֮ģЩϺǵôߣԲ΢΢ͷųһ˿ѹҶΪȻȫʶġ
ܹȻܳŴлˣ
Ҷûȥѯʲô飬׻˵ǷֻΪ࿪ڣսǿͷ԰ٵһĬԼѯʣϺҲûʲô취
Сӣη
Ҷصûһ˿ĺģܲҡͷֱоҶ纣ȻֻºһӵˣҲҶоЩʲô
ܣңϵ׳ء
ҶٺЦţκһһͳĺԺܸоõڵʱ򣬼еȻѹѹûҪλڼгԷ
ܺߵʱκ쿴ҶһۣƵ˵˵ŷĳЩҵоЩͻƣҪһ緶ΧĽᣬ˵ľ£
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ҶƲƲ죬үӵĻЩΪȻڵϡĽ죬޷ɳҶߵĴڣʲô֯ûжȤ
Сβֲǲ֪ǹȱʲôκԵ۾̬Ⱥܲ⣬ΪһйˣôҲҪе
ں޷õĽ죬к˹֮඼άϵڴϣߵĸˮ棬ЩҲΪʵǿԶ˵ߣıһЩ߾ֲƵġ
ǼŷҾͨߵĽγһְս»кʱĻȨйεǣȻӵҶռĴڣȴָʹ
κĽ˵Ҷ콫Դҡ˹һ㣬˵үӣæأйμЩ°ȵ˵ɡ
ڶҶԣǷڵһλģ߽βμӶνҪ˵й£Ҷֽˡ
κ˵ͷ˵Ҿ͸ѣ¶ҪŽеģʱԼԸԸɡ
˵ǸүӣôҸﰡ
˵Ż˻صԺԭԺˣĶĿ⼯Ҷϡ
Ҷ챻ƵúǲڣߵκһԼ뵽ӿȥˡ


887 
صĹعսɳĵΤĲܲ٣ŷɽ
ʢĵĺԺУ֪Ҳͣţž׵ĸµľǾǸһȣĺԺȴ͸һˬ
Ҷһϣǰţյ͸ï֦Ҷھ󷨵ļӳϺ󣬲Եȣһʵĸо
ҶߣһҡǸüĿչĴСӣƴŸ첲ȣȻѧ˷һ˫ֵСץҡƺվ
Сӣϰֱˣ
ûվĶգŴ۾Ҷ¶һ˿簮ɫֽӴҡﱧ˳ԼĶ䷭塣

ҶЦĺܿģͱĺճĸײͬСһһ˳̵ʱţʱֻҪҶڣضҪְֱģžȻΪӳϹĴ
ҶѾĸˣҪͨĺӸߴֽ࣬ʮֵһ˿Ϊ⺢аѾŸ´С
ոչȥİգҶһûҶҶƽκھǵ֪ʾȫˣھǷһٶ
ԭҶŵ͵˭֪ûȴԼһ֣дšŪ֮ϲƼƳС˸֣ñǶˣүڣ˶ѾǿӲ֡
ǲΣҶҵλүھг˴ˣȡֱӶ˺Ժ᷿
ЩӤĳԴö֮⣬ϡŹֵĶλҶƽú̿ѣֱҶүǿЦá
Ҷ֮󣬵Ҳû˽Ҷ׽һܵǸֺκĵλʸŵľȨǣҲк֪Ҷ첻佻ġ
쿣պĳɾܲܳϰأ
Ż˵ĶӣҶгڴڶ׽Լ飬ҶȻΪÿնϴ׾Ա֮岻ܺۡ
ҶΪϴͬʱСؿԼţͨСһͬΪ죬Щ֮оȻһ˿ҶţҶԶ
Ҳ˵¶֮еҶѾԽˣȻʱ죬ΪڵӣһЩѨϻǻס˻صȥġ
Ҷ춨ĻֻҪҶʮʱ۵ž֧졣
ҶǺβĻе֪ݽڳӤ֮Դ඼Խ뵽֮ǳʱͱȷһպҲҪ׺ܶࡣ
Ǵ𵤴żͷܰˣһҪԴĸ򣬶⣬ȻСͽ죬һҲδ̤ڵż
쿣ˣð̱
ٽ磬ոտϴѧ⼸ÿﶼȥͬѧۻԺֱҶ컳СһȥɳϰϢеСһܲӣһ۴
϶ϴѧˣѾͷְ쿸ˣ
СһĿҶ÷ӳ˳ŮԴҡͷ˵Ҷ죬Ҳ̫˰ɣֻҪڣ˭ԺҪǳô찡
Ҷֵ˼ϢĺԺ˶ϲСһԳҶ׵ĲֻһˣԺŮǣʱ䶼ûҶʲô
Сã쿴ͺˡҶЦҲͣۼҲæ˶ӣ˵СãҪˣҴȥţ
׻˵Ůһ̨ϷͷȴٳҶӿɾͱ徲ˣʮȻΪϼˡ
ӳ̣ҶǿӵĻС˯һӻеӳҶûһ죬ѹ˵ͨһ
˶ӳ̺ҶԼľƺ˲٣ϲ̬ܵǰûбԼע⵽Ķ
Ҷ죬ôһʳ˼̻һ㰡
ι˶ӺûؽҶԼԴƵһߣΪӸճԱϰֻ꣬õŸеǳˡ
ҲԺҸƯϱ
ԹĻҶæ˻⣬˵ţָҲ̫˰ɣ㿴żʱ䣬Ȼƶȫûˣ
Ҷÿ£ŵȷָĺܿ죬ҲʹĽѣС֮ӷ˲һʱ䣬˽ŰʽľʳŽļ
Ҫ˰㣬Ǵ磡
֮ŵҶĴСϣ̲סһ嶼̱ؿҶϡ
ôˣûԺģ
Ҷ¶һ˿ЦǰСëͷڵʱɲˣǰһʱСһȥ˸۵ûܿ̽Ժˡ
ճԱĶ˯ˣҶȥѹȥжʱһѹŵȴǴޡ
㿴㣬Ӷˣ
֮󣬷ƽϢŷڲԶҡĶӣһ˫۾ԼҶ죬ɫ¶ɫ
̵СƨʲôҶƲƲ죬˵ţ⼸ҪţҪ쿰
ҵȻöӵġ˳ڴžͷӦ˹һץסҶֱۣ˵ôҪȥУҲߣ
˹ҲʮµģҿԵ绰ϵҶһţҲ˲˵һǾһأһ˻ؼңһҶҪȥŶʱ
ɼɽ֣ܹҪЭģ
Ҷ̾˿ֺγ׽£ֻӦǼϺ꣬ΪҳһΣҶ֪Ҫˡ
Ҷ죬ˣȻҶӽ͵ĵڣҶƽӺԺŴ
ҪҲʶˣĬذҶ촩·۾Ȼǳӽ鵽ڣֻһʱ䣬ΪҸʱ⡣
ֲϾߣûµģʮ¾ܻˡ
Ҷ챧˱ӣ˴ղʶɨһ£Ѿ֪ŵʲôˣԼҪٲȥĻѼüҵϰָͻᴳˡ
ҶƽԺҶЩؿһǰԺǼüͷ˵ϰ֣Ҳ˵˲ҪŽ


888 
ӣ֪ЩǶҪ㡣
ҶƽҶ죬ҡҡͷ˵Ӧ֪ӯˮ磬˲ʲôʱ򣬶ҪͣǫѷƷҪһֱȥ
ҶʮҶƽͺٺͶЩˣΪףҶһһУҶƽ֪Ϸ飬Ҷ¶ĹţҶƽǿＱС
֣˼Ժ󲻻ôˣ
ѾƵĸףҶ첢ûгԷصص˵ͷʵֺγ
ںͨദʱҶûʢˣͬסô꣬Ҷ˭Цеģүǲڿڣͬסϲòˡ
ЩմȨϺǣҶֻôİ취ӦѱЩϼһѹեʣˡ
ⷬĳĻҲҶһЩʡҪ֪׽Ȼ޵еĴڣҪǵ˽ռڱҲǺͨ˲˶٣͵˲ĸ綼
ƣǵɣʲôȫģ
ݵʱҶ컹ǻͷƴ˸кô߰˸һſڣҶ췢ֹù·˼֣ܲϲΪԼӰ쵽˵
ǣҶȥǰԺȣ
ҶĻ󣬳ԥһ£Ҳ֪Ҷ˵ʵ飬Ҷ춼Ӧ˵⣬Щ˸𲻵ʲôá
СҶ鷳ˡ
᷿ŵϯĶԻҲ˳ЦְڣҲ⣬ʱҵĻġ
ϯģһλʮˣûмҶ죬ʱú´Ҷ죬ϯгɻ
ûϵģϯ룡
λŹҺȨˣҶҲǲҵҪ֪ŴеһŭѪǧ˵ԼȻԳⷲǣ˿ɻϵġ
λǺɣҶ쿴һԱˣз۾ЦǹᶥĿڣ֮֮ˣպ󲻿԰
ˣҶҲǳһǰڵˣ֮Ҷŷ˾Ȼһ֮࣬ԼûĻպϯλõˣضǴɡ
ҶˡȻ䲻Ǻܴ󣬵Ϊ˳֮ͳɫ壬ҲŹҶ飬֮ǰҶڵ»صǶƵ
ûнӴҶ죬䲢ûһֱ۵ʶֱϯˣʶҶķ֮أΪоҶ˵ʲôԼĻĵǶ֮·ܾܿͻֲۡ
ʱı󲻽ðһ亹˵ҶյüǺĳң
ˣҲˣλҵĲҶɡ
ϯõλϺҶóһСҶЦҪλҿ᲻óҶ
ŶСҶʲô
һ۷ʱڵʲôòûҶ˵̲סҲЩ棬ڽ˵ĿģȴûбҪôе˵ġ
ݺƷ¾֪ˡ
ҶЦЦǺ¯Ѿտ˵Ȫɽˮ͸ϴɾȻòҶСĵؼƬҶֱ뵽˲С
뿪ˮ֮һʱӲ豭ﴫ뵽˸˵ıǶˣ˾ǣǲıڴȻ˿˿۶ɢһһ㡣
λɣ
ҶǰıӣյһСڣûԣֲҶڡɵժģ̺Ŀ٣ʣǿܡ
ȻⶫڡɵϲʲôϡҶ쵱ʱժ˲٣ڴӵӳʱ򣬷׻еĲҶ󲿷ֶʧˣʣµһ㣬ҲˮݹЧԶ֮ǰˡ
ֱǼƷ˲̺°
Ҷݺòˮϯͺͬʱ¶ɫûпʼƷֱǵľʱΪ֮һƺ嶼ࡣ
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ѧҶСһڣϯɫľڲˮֻ֮оһֱ֫ٺˬĸо
ֱɲ谡
Ҳ¶𾪵ɫүǰҲǹһ쵼ˣöȻõģû뵽侹Ȼֺȥƺ̥ǵĲҶ
˽вˮº󣬶̲ס۾ϸı仯ʱֻޱȣƮƮȻɾһ㣬Ȼ֪ںδ
߰˷֮ϯ۾ҡͷ̾Ҷ죬֪ΪɽˮˣÿƷ˲裬ҲԸȥ䷱֮ˡ
ϯǻصɡ
ϯĻҶٵЦϰֶûТǺҿûȥŪˡ
ʵҶڵΪȫѡһɽˮĵط󷨣ȥȲҶϹĹʵȻ硰ϯЩҲܳƵˡ
ֻҶɢӣǲԸȥ鷳µģһЩղժĲҶԼȥڳĹмһЩЧȻֲҶҲҶ֮ˡ
Сģ㲻ðѳ˵ǰ档
Ҷûˣϯɫû˿ı仯Ц⣬һǽСʶѡΪξίԱպǶ
Ҷ࿴òȷΪһ쵼ģһѾڶˣˣҲ޷ӴҶ죬Ҫ֪ҶڵıܵȼǺϯͬȼģȼˣûܲϡ
ϲˡҶԺ˵ͷϯ˼ܸŹҶӣҲ˵ܺλû˻ȥԼġ
һ£ϯ˵ͷмҪģϣܰæϵҵϣ
ϣҿñӣСӼɵôصĵӡ
Ҷ˰ִϯĻ˵ŷ޵Щɣʵںˣйؽ磬ʹҲ֣Ҳ˿ȥġ
Ҷָоش֮ݴȻϡЩ쾳ߴڵģϻ˵λɽӵĸˣӦþʹδȥ
йĥѣֱգһЩȻйʢУҶĲ²⣬кЩ˾Ѳϵġ
ҶĻϯɫ¶˿ЦҡͷҶ죬Сʧ´󣬹ؼǶ˰


889 
ڵҺ͹ҲϵѲǾϵľһζطչ߾ѣֻõ򻷾øն񣬶ҲԶԶǵ
ǵ֮սǰƳһηɻֻεľֻñĹҸûаȫС
ʵҲ֤вͨģǰĽõ֤Ҳ˻ְľѣھһ뵽֮С
ڸԸһЩСĲϽǰЩֲӣҲǸɳһ֧ֲӲμһЩӶԳҵĵԼװʵ
ڶ˹Լ¼󣬸֣ԭǰΪսʿսԱǳߣҲʹӿ˶ԳߵоԼ
ڽʱͨһЩǿѧֶΣŷ̳ߣֳԶֲӵսʿģЩʵǿĳߣѾ޷óȥ֮ˡ
ֻȻЩǼֶͨΣߵǱַΪ⼸λߣʧӾӢ
ŷΪ߽ᣬбΪۺϹǿĹңĿȻԶۺʵ಻Сʱͨߣ춨͹ԼҵĵλϵĻȨ
һµȥϯضסҶ죬ʵҶ죬ǰ˹İɣ
ǣֻȥζѣ
Ҷ콫ͷһҡشøɴޱȣΪ˶λ˹ά˹Уһֱõ³ףûƾʵݣҶŲȥЩء
СӣͲˣ֪ʲôҵϯ΢΢ǰ壬һεѹȻ֣ԭߵĺоЩʴӡ
ϯþλһȨγɵֲŭƺ᷿γһﻹеĸ˵Ļһоٻڵġ
Ȩ찡
ѹҶҲɸеЩ죬λûκεΪȴһִƣִγɵΪѾ˺۷ĳƣǰҲҴڴ
ҶǺεΪѾ໹ⷶڵ۷壬ٽһĻľͻΪ񻰴˵еܱһ˵ѹ
ҶȻһЦ˵ϣû飬ܲӲСӲװɣ
ԭصգҶһЦ֮£ʱõȻ޴棬ϯ۳Ҳ˲ɢԱߵĺֻоͷһɡ
ã㲻㣬Ҳйϵͷˣһߴᣬȥһ˰ɣ
Ҷ죬ϯ޿κΣȨȫûбʹвļˣϯ붼룬ֻҪ΢еӵˣҶֻ£в
ҲգҲӦǳһΣȥˣպͲҪˣ
ҶҡҡͷϯԵţѾ˵µҪԣһҶԸգҶҲобҪһˡ
ãҶ죬¶һͷС㹵ͨ
ҶӦϯ¶ϲɫʵڹҲԣҶҪԽ壬ֻҪһסЩǣϯĿľǴﵽˡ
ˣҶ죬ҾȻȥˣȻҶѾȫǺҶһϯǸоڣҲϰ˷ʩѾٺ˽ƽȵĶԻˡ
ߣ´û±˰Сݲ񣡡
ϯŵʱҶֹһ䣬ϯһģҪǺסƵмλˡ
ҡҺ
عͷһҶ죬ϯǿЦãݵλЩ⽮ǶѼһ棬ǵҶȻֱԼҪǱ֪°ͶҪˡ
Ҷ˵󣬳ϯ֮⣬ҲʹԺŴ˵ĳˣɲ˵ʲôͷǿסЦֻ߳ĺԺŵʱַŵҶ˴Ĵָ
ӣλʲô°
ϯҶշĺԺҶƽӭȻƽʱôʶӵ飬ŵϯ̫رˣڷкޱ²˰֮Ҷƽ̲סȼյİ֮ˡ
˵ϰ֣⹫֮⣬´˵Ҳںˣ
ҶЩˬҡҡͷֻǿϰһģǿ˵еҪҳȥһˣҲӦˣ
ô򵥣ҶƽһŵؿŶӣȻѹ˵ӣǲȥһЩɱȡ鱨֮ɣ
٣ϰֲ֣ղķ˹007ʲôأ
ӦϯҶûеʲôѹϰ֣ˣ֣ͱϹĥˣȥʮµģҪչ˺쿺Ű
ǵȻˣҲչ˭չˣ˵Сôﰡ
Ҷƽ˳ڴӦҪ׷ʸղŵʱȴֶһ̵뵽˺ԺУҶƽֻ㬵طصԼķ䣬λ쵼㱨ȥˡ
ҪȥصԼķ䣬ѴϣбŶӣֻСһһҶ죬æ쿪˫֣ƴŻš
ûĵС˭ʮ°Ӿ
ԵӲҲӵľٶͷÿι̰ģȻҶ˦ִƹֱӵƨơ
ԴҶЦ˺ðβֹסЦ˵һȥ죬ӼҲͲˣ⵱ĿҪ쿴ùϵѽʱҪǻǿɾ͹ֲˣ
ҪȥϹҪСĵ㰡ҶĻŵ϶ʱһ˿ɫӽ鵽ڣƺҲͺҶôһİӣк᲻Ҷ
İɣܿͻģҶЦ§סӵ֫˵ʱüͷͻȻһ˵ǵǼӣţߣǰȥ
ҶҲû¶ӣԺѵҶæϵһϴ˹ȥ˵Ҷ϶ˣʮ֮ҪʲôʱҴкУ
صʲôط
Ҷû򿪷ӡšܡֵϴֱӾ͵浽˶ӵƨ棬ǴģȵļнµأȻСһҪ򼱵ĻҲͲôˡ
ƶҶĶӶδشҶصʿегǶźõģ
ʿǰ֮󾩳ǳص㣬ҶȻһ


890 ʦ
ʦ֣ëͷССһû鷳ɣ֮Ҷ˸۵ıУڸ۵ѧĽɽڣʦŵȫˣټĿһԵЩС
ҶԭҪֱӴӾǰʿģХȥŷ޼ʶһ£ҶһͬˣԼͽȻΪ̫٣һЩǻ£תۡ
ʦǿû㲻ҪԩҺʦ֣
ëͷҶļϣǵСצץͷСɵϰߣÿʲô»ʱǻôһ֡
ëǸ߸߰ԴҶһۣ˫۾ȴڵתţʱʱصҿһۣǼھʦҪԼĺ״
ҿƳһСһЦǺǵ˵ûУɽȴǳ˻ƴˡ
ԭëͷͽëɽ֮סڰɽլеЩǼҵӶͻȻ֣ÿ׼Щ۸񰺹ʳģڶǻԵ޹ʵࡣ
Щʳİӽ۸һĹӶϾͱ˼ңҲ˺լҵǵӣҪҵǹغŴҲֽ24Сʱ޼Ѳߡ
鷢ˣƾܣЩʳȻÿڶʧһһ̶ξȻһԱǰߣʱ˿ⳡ
飬լĻ̻̣ҿϵģȻͷϣ¶Ͳȥ飬ҿ֪Լʦֶġ
ҿ֪ҶǳëͷëʵǿҲԸܽѵģֻܺЩǱʾǳ˻ƴˣڱӰɽȲð֮
ЩǱͶʦⷬһصҺæԭصʳĶǰƴţԼģ
ʳģЩǸͲʲôҲ˰ɽһۣÿ峿Щڶĸǲȥܲǻȥſڹʳﻹڲڡ
ʳﲻ˵Ļ˾ͻϲ˵ƴɶ׼ʳ⣬Ҫʳﻹڣһ춼ܾɥڶտ϶׼ӺóԵʳ档
һͨɾȻ̰ͼڸ֮
ҿĻҶЩЦõؽëͷӼϳѵڷʵӣﻹǸѩֱһֻèˣ
ʦҵ°ǽëʦִȥԵģëͷװһ޹࣬ëһ¿ˮ̵ģ۾ȴǶſſڣƷͷԾͻȿġ
ˣȥɣǵòҪǰ˵
ҶܽͽܱʦԪķһȥԼӵԣοСһﶼ࣬޷óȥ֮ġ
ҽë⡺ëͷڵҲֳɵȽѣһǣٶȴǲ
ǿҪߣֱеСһںסһʱ䣬Ϊȫë⡸ͻƵļ
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ӺҶ쿴ɳϵСŮǰɻʧµڣǵڶμɽŻеʱХصǣŰʦ֮
ҶĻ󣬽ɽæվؾصشʦϰߣʦ׻ʦֻХҿɺˣ
ǰȣɽĸӳ˲٣һˣǰСѿҲˣüչĽɽ÷ǳ㣬˵ϸ͸һ֪š
һǰʱǰΪôڻ޷ͻƵأͷųһ˿ʶڽɽڲ鿴һҶ΢΢üͷ
ڽɽУһҶľ֮УʦŹУǹ׳ڿЧǺܺá
СʦܣɽȻ޵ϵĽչһЩռһϣҶҶ컰δ䣬ļҵͻȻ
Ŷʦ֣ɱ߻⺢ӣ
ҶüͷһȻǽɽʦƽסھǣɽʦչ˵ģǴʦֹļӣԽɽǹģӦ
ļҡҡͷЦСʦܣɽһ֮ǰҪţʱڽգ׼
ţɽõܣõռ
Ҷһ£ΪƺҲ˸ı䣬Ҷ컹һЩԼϽҪ飬ȴֻܸӦף޷ˡ
ʦõسռɽ˵ôϲɣռȴУļҺҿصЩ鼮һ֮󣬾ܹĿ
㿴ʦŷ֮мΣҶ첻ɫؿɽǲǿѣҶΪǰЩڿʱŻһӿȻй¶µġ
СʦܣôȥļףҶĻ󣬹ļɫһ䣬֪ģɽǰЩʱг̣˿ѪɱЩܼ飡
ɽСλĸȥ˺ܶطССͺܻԹɫ͹ļסһ𣬽λ¹˴뱲ӵźĺֱͰԼŮⲻҶͽҪˡ
ʦ֣ûµģϢܲɽɾͲֹѪˣ
Ҷҡҡͷɽ˵ʦ˵ҲûպʦݣҪͼȥԼ㼸λʦʦֵ飬С⵽ˣ
ҶôǣʦʱͷҪպҲʮ٣ɽʱΪһ統ԼҪСΪϡ
Ҷһۣɽӵ˵ʦ֪˵ķɣҲûôǿҡ
ԭɽռ֮ʱڵǹǻֳһ֮ϣǹֻữһԽɽܵ˺Ǻܴ
֮治УȻ˼ʹͨҲδ֪꽭ɽĽͣҶ켸˲ǰδڹļҵǰ£Ҳڲ֪ġ
ɽԺҲҪע㣬ʦĹҲҪڼ
Ҷռһϵ裬Ҳʦ֣һǺܲϸģ³ôһŵӣҲʮֵĻϲ
ǣʦİɣɽҶ첢ûԼ͵͵ͷ˼ʮ꺢ӵģ
׻ΣұۿɷѪ⣿
꽭ɽĻҶ쿴ԼĶӣ׻ڶϱ۲֮ͽ죬Ƕϵұ۾ȻӲֳһأұߵӵļǰյġ


891 
ʦܵģǱ볤ˡ
Ҷʻ׻ҡҡͷɫȴûκεı仯ڽ֪֮ǿ󣬱˵ֻǶϵһֻ֣ʧȥһֻţҲĸԸġ
뵽ǰûתɽɽϸ׼ΪǸ𾪵ӣ׻̲סе⣬ô󣬻ǵһα׿佱ָоǳ
¶ҲȫܵģʹʦֵĶϱۣϣġ
ҶָоĽ뵽𵤴֮󣬾ȫƿԼÿһϸ΢ʱϱǲܵ飬ȻֻҶĲ²⣬ôҲҶԡ
Ҿˣ⼸ʮϰˣ׻ᣬϣҪȡһµġ
ļЦҡҡͷ˵׻ܲһʱ䣬涼úܺãһǶʡ²ٵ˼
ΪŵôУ׻֮ʱɶΪ֮𶯣΢Щ˶˰׻Ҳûֱڸ۵ã
Ȼ۲ͬձʵǲڵģעһҴдʵҽҩݣ׻ںеһӴʽ֧֣Ѹٵڸ۵˽Ÿ
֮ڹ겻֮⣬ҲӴĲҵѪΪŵĺĴУ׻Щһʱ䣬ͽպõ˳
Ҷ쵱˼ֻƽΪһʽ׻ЩǮչ˼ʲƸְҵ˴
Ȼ׻õ壬ۺڵطֱҼҴѧУӹڸ˶͹¶ֱڰ굽ʮ֮䡣
ѧУ˽Ŀγ֮⣬Ҫѧϰװ֪ʶЩɹļҿԽڣѧˣǵķ˺ü츳ӡ
׻˼·츳Ĺ¶ֱӰ£ĶΪһŵӣȹ߰Щ˳ɳ󣬾ͿԽӹЩҵӶʹһԼѪγһѭ
ô˾һʱ۵ʿЩ۵صİҲȻǲ׻ŴΪܵƣòвˡ
ļҺҿ˶׻Ϊ֮࣬ҲĸеЩҶ콫Ǳʽ𽻸Ҳкüˣ׻Ȼ֪νɷ
ţò˳ԺҲʡġ
Ҷؿһ׻˱ƶֻǿǷԦ׻ִƺãҲȫӣǷǳǿġ
ʦ֪ģʱͽϣ֣
׻Ӻ˵ʱ򲻹ʮͷӣ۶һ棬ǸɵĽζԥһ£׻˵ʦм˵һ¡
ţʲô£Ҷ쿴׻
ġ׻˵иǸ۵һλʿģҲܵ룬֪ĶȶΪأ
ȻҶһǰ׻õʱ򣬾˵Ǯȫ׻֧䣬ǻҶ첻ڸ۵˾׻òҶʾһ¡
ǰ˵ЩͲҪˡҶЦ˵³ԷǮѼҵ׸ɾˣôڡ
Ķأʦİɣպ϶ᷢġ׻ҲЦϵҶʽɴҿ鶹ײˡ
Ҷ鲻׻˵ˣʦȻˣһȥμǸɣ
֮׻֪Ҷڸ۵Щ˸УҲкܴԶ֮⣬˻ʤϰ壬ҶĲҵ󣬶˲ٵİҶҪܳϯõЩġ
УҺһȥХҲȥɡҶ˵ͷ˵ʵ治ôϸ˦ƹҪٲպȥʦˡ
յг̺Ҷ촫ٻëͷС𣬽ʦۣڳ֮ǰҶʦԪĻ񣬴һ˵ӽ˼ݡ
ڶĴ䣬Ҷھ۵
ҶΪ𵤴һ߶ѣĸһĵý߳ǹļҺҿѾת䣬ֻʶûתΪԪХǻ࣬ʱͻƵ쾳硣
Ҷ콲ϣļ̲ס̾ʦܣ㽲ͬඥ˻Ȼʰ
ʦֹˣҪľΪСܿԶԶ㰡ҶЦŰ˰֣׼õ׻Х죬˵պʱ䳤أʦ֣ȥμʲôˡ
˵׻ɽ·ȥˣαҪأ
ʻԺûӣӺȻһգֱӽ뵽һɽϣɽľͷŶźԶܿԺѾվˡ
ʦ˽ųҪ·ǿ϶õͷ
׻ЦξʿɲһˣǺͱӢŮ̫ƽʿȻڸ۵ŲϵһӰСй֮ġ
̫ƽʿһԴӢίʿάֹǷ̷һЩϼ򵥵ĳְΣΪӢֳأȻ̫ƽʿƶȡ
۵̫ƽʿҪְΪѲѺԺܱߵͶߣͽ̵ֶԿʿʩзԺо̷
̫ƽʿͬʱɼͽĺʹĻзЧ˷ĹΪ֪ģ̨ĵϾԿģÿϲʿʽʱͬʽ
ۻع֮ǰ۵ķɣ̫ƽʿӢһҪΪԱǷڣְѱзȫְйȡ
ϸ͵ĳڣ˾ӳΪ̫ƽʿΪһвʿӻԾιְڻίΪ̫ƽʿ
ϸ͵ʱ̫ƽʿɴ󷨹ӢŮʵίεģǶܳף𾴵ˣܻ١
ֻۻع̫֮ƽʿƶȻί̫ƽʿȨȴ۵ˣȨΪʵѡΪ̫ƽʿҲɳֵ£̫ƽʿ
׻˵λ̫ƽʿͷܴǵ׸ζĺˣȻںϼֱԾӪһ̯⣬۵Ӱȴλ׸Ͷ١
³ʱҶó֧Ʊдһ֣˺½׻˵شѱ䣬ҲǶֶѣǧԪõ嶼ȥɣ


892 ʾ
ӭӭ˵壬뿶ְ
Ҷ׻һ³һλʮͷ߾ӭ˴ʮأͶ֮ȴ¶һָϢȻ֮ˣѾҪñϵĲƸԼʵˡ
ξʿãҪ˵ĸ֣ξʿǵ֮ģ
׻ȻԷ˹֣ںŵĵλԺʹƽ۽ˣó˰壬˵ξʿλǼʦźξʿҪٰôһǰġ
㡭㲻ǿЦɣ׻Ļ󣬺ξʿɫɱ£Ȼ׻ѾӺˣ׼ڽϵĵλк˸Ϊͽأ
Ȼڸ۵ܶ˶֪ҶĲҵ׻ҶΪʦ飬һ֮⣬Ҳȼ֪ԺξʿֻΪ׻ͿЦġ
ξʿҿɲںЦ
׻۾һɾҪȻǰΪͦ쵰ģТ˳׻˵һΪʦΪ׻Ҷ̬ȲԼϸףݲñ˰㲻
׻ʲôأҶ׻ļЦξʿҽҶ죬ȴЩðˣ
Ҷ죿㡭ʦλʦܣ
ʵξʿԭǼҶһεģֻǾǴξۻѾȥ˺ü꣬ҶҲиĹۣԺξʿûϳҶֺ󣬶ʱ͵Ǹ˶˺š
ǣʦֽûξʿ£
ҶЦŵ˵ͷǰ˵ܿξʿֹǸԵļ˵ȷΪ˺ʩ˵֮Ŷ˼ֿ
˵ҶͺμһЩԨԴһλʦζ游õլҲõĺζõ˸۵׸ͷΡ
¾ʢ˥լվֻʱһЩ⣬Ҳºμ𽥰ȥҶڲþʱǸլö˾ȥǺμҺ˻Ҫֶѡ
Ȼɺζһִĺϼ壬̻ǷǳģڻڵλŶǳԺζ壬Żعĵһ٣Ҳˡ
λ̫ƽʿǺζӣֵֻһӴļҲ֮ȴû̺๫˾Ĺɷݷֺ죬ʹΪ㽭ָĴ֮һˡ
Ϊ˵͵ڴҵڰʮʱ򣬱ӢŮˡʿλ˵𾴡
ٰĴƳᣬˣ۵ĶԽӵΪ٣Ҫ֪λ˶ϳ͡
Ҷݹ٣԰룬룡
ȷǰҶ󣬺ξʿ̬ȶʱһٰʮȵת䣬߹ٸƽնŷˮҶڸ۵ϲ󣬾˶䶼Ƴ磬ξʿҶլȥ
˭ôúξʿͬ
ʶǸ۵ʿɣ
ǹªţ˽Ҷ죬缸ڸ۵ͷ
ξʿľٶҲԺһЩ͵ע⣬Ǵ඼μӹǰҶֽѵ˵ǳۻᣬİֻҶмûһЩȴǲʶˡ
Ҷкԭڴλļˣʱ첽˹Ҷ컹ԶʤʹЦҶҲˣϡͰ
̫ˣķ֧ԮҶĳ˺󣿡ֵĺԼĻʤҶ첻ЦǻܼҴҵ󣬽һҪЩƿǰ
ҶЦңǵңܺȰ
ʤЦЩɬҶڳ⻰ˣȻֻմ֣ٲҲҪѪˣžǲҶʦӰ
ˣҶܣҲˣһλءʤҿһ£һ䴦֣ģҶˣСɣ
С㣿᯾
Ҷһ£̧ͷȥԼ߹Ůˣ᯾߻λװĵϰ壬Ҳʮˣȥʮ꣬ҪҶ̽˵滳һҲΪ޵ˡ
ҶûˣǷɰ
۵ЦݱߵĻʤҪΣ֪᯾ҶյģԼΪвһ󵨺
뻪ʤĶ֪࣬ҶһЩΪ˵Ϸ£ٺҶЩձʧٺͶ˹ڰ¼ҶӰӡ
ܣⲻҲϵ׳
Ҷۿ˾Цתͷ᯾Ц㣬ԽԽƯˣˣݵǼӰҶˣĺܲ
ӻӵʱ䣬ҶӽͨһʱգʱҲŽӰԺټŵĹʣǶ᯾Ķ̬ǳ
ڵ᯾ѲǵǸСˣ˺üƬѾɹش뵽ŷгҶҲû뵽ⳡȻˡ
£ҶҲЩ꣬һת۲ʮʱ䡣
ʱǨѧСӣ̥ǣȨƲƸǸƣǸڵӰѧԺѧŮѧѾǹ֪ĴӰǣÿжܿӰ
Ҷ죬ܾûϢˣ𣿡
Ҷ죬᯾ıҲܸӣôˣҲѣĵʼնһЦܺÿĴк᯾ֻ֪Ǿˮ£֮Զᷢʲô¡
аɣ㣬´µӰӳҪҼƱٺ٣˵ҶԺҲΪķ˿أ
Ҷ᯾ǿŮ˵ǺкøУҪȻҲһˣøҲͽڴˣעŮ֮⣬մȾԵˡ
㶼жˣʱ찡
Ҷ⻰᯾зһ˵ζʮѾ͸᯾ֻоȻȤȻҪ˳Ȧͷ
Ҷо᯾е˿Ц㣬ÿ˶ԼӦûĻ棬Ͱɣ
ҶĻħһ㣬ͬһ磬ȥ᯾ͷ˿᯾¶Цݣ˵˵öԣҶܵܣ´ҵӰӳһ
ҶͷЦ㲻˵ҶҪȥģ㣬Ǳиˣȹȥļ䡣
ҶȥӰӵŵˣ᯾֪ԼպҶĻҲԽԽ٣վȺҶ죬ԵôƮ죬Ȼһ㡣
ôҲˣҶ쵹Ҫܿ᯾ļˣȴҿŮ
С壬ʲôʱ۰
ҶҲܳԾһľۻᣬ֪Ҷ۵顣


893 ҩ
Х죬ôҲˣӦܴ󰡡
תХ죬ʱЩŮѾкüˣŮȻڼţΪˣȻڲˡ
ҽХġҶ˰֣˵ҽŸѹƽȣ㲻õġ
ǣС壡
Ҷ췢ˣȻҶԣȻˣҲ֪ҶĿеĵλҪǱҿ֪Ҷ첻Ǻͻˡ
ˣôҲμεĴ᣿
˼䣬Ҷ쿴Щҿ˳ȦҿƺʸμεĴ硣
ҶĻڴļָָ˵С壬֣ģڵ˵鱦ҲҪһౡ֮
Ŷԭ
ǸˣҶ΢΢ףҲλ꿿˽ң㵽ҵҵԼ鱦ҵУƫƫÿҵ÷ˮڸ۵ĵλԶࡣ
뵽ԶҶͿλүӴӿһ˳ߵλˣƺӦҶĿ⣬ͬʱŤͷ˹
Ҷ죬˵ҲҲͺһ·Ҷ죬Զϴ˹Ǽһ㶼ǰʮˣøĽѡ
ƣҹվߣʱٻȥҶԶ˸к󣬿ˣ˵Ҳ˰֮٣Ҫ࿿Щ۵ʿ
Ҷ䣬⻰˵Щд󣬵Ǵ˵ȴһ޷ȻУƺӦô˵һ㣬˵û¶κεĲ졣
Ǹʮ겻ĺɫܣ˵ҶҵǮģȻǻġ
Ǿͺã£ƱġҶЦŵ˵ͷȻֳ׵ʣȴκǰȻȻزһ־Ӹµĸо
Ҷ˵ǡ˴һ仰¶һ˿ԥɫ˵Ҷ֪ܷһ˵
ţʲô£Ҷһ£ûۣλ̽ûʲô˽Ϊյ̬Ȼ˹أ
δ˵ԱߵԶͲҶ죬⡭¶Ҷ졣
ţƣҲСˣ֪Щ鲻˵𣿡Ҷüͷһ壬ΪԶǾ󷨵˵˳ͷЩ졣
ȻǾǽĺҲһЩ۵ˣ¶Щ۵֪Ļ϶һȻ󲨣ǵʱҿܵӰ졣
Ҷ죬ǽȥ˵ɣ
ԶҶ˿Ļ˵βѣֻҶ첻ǱֻݣҪԶԶѵ䣬ԶҲ˵ʲô
ðɣХ죬׻ңǱвˣȥɣҶ˵ͷתҪȥʱ򣬺Ȼͣ˽Ų۾ĴŴȥ
ʱӴŴ߽Ϊ׵һ򸾣òʶܲģŮƯŮǰķЩӦǵŮ
ҶģȴǷ޺ŮŮߵһˣӦñҶ컹Ἰ꣬ҲǺܳڣò΢Щ
˭Ҷ΢΢һߵԶ
ʶ⼸˶ԶҡҡͷЩؿһҶ죬ӡҶʲô¶Įĵģûעʲôˡ
תͷˣԶʵʶǼ𣿡
˿ſһۣЩȷ˵ǰӦؼҵϴ󣬺ҾͲʶˡ
鱦ҵеӡ󡣡ԶҶ˵Ǹ۵һ鱦ҵûǲӦؼҵɣ
鱦ԶҲûô⣬ڸ۵۾ģҲ֣鱦һңλ֣үЩԸûм뵽ǸСȦȥ
ûȥХ쿴Ҷ˼˵ʦ˵ǺǸ˰ɣ
ŶʶǸˣҶԿХ졣
ҲʶһЩ˽ׯŶģھǹЩ
ХҶƽĹæҲҶƽȥμһЩᣬ֪ׯˣ¾ߣʦ⹫ŷھҲЩġ
Ŷԭе˼
Ҷɫ¶Цݣ˵ǺЩλŷҲ֪һλϽҲΨһģڹҵӰκ١
Ҷȴû뵽ׯˣȻͽɽЩƣҲһ˵ҶҲЩ˴ʲô
Ҷ죬û°ɣҶվ˼Զ˵ҪȥǼ˵·
ãƣߡȥɣҶЦҡҡͷ֮󣬲ֻһԼĵӽɽǰׯˣͬܵ˵ˡ
Ҷ۴࣬ׯպضԣһĳһڴﵽߵĳɾͺֻ׷ѰĴͬҶҲûʶ˼
Ҷջ˿ſڵĿǸЩɻؿ˹ֻǼ˼˵ıӰϾͱߵŮ˿
ҶԶԼ˺ξʿ鷿ȥ֮ӦˮŹرգҶ쵭ʵ˵˵ô°ɣ
Ҷ¶ܹ׷ġ
ûԶڣ˼˵ҶѸߣǰ˵Ƴһҩ裬ȥӻܵ˥ϣҩģ
۵ôЩҲʱ棬ԭ岻ǺܺõԶͻȻȻҲñ˵Ļɡ
˺ԶϵãųŴ˴μĻԶ˵飬ֱѱƵΣѰ˸ڣļƵĵҩ˵ơ
ţô°
˵ĻҶ֪ԼԶЩǸԶЦЦҶ˵ЩҩҩĺҲʣ࣬ȻˣҾóһڽϰɣܲܵõͿԼˣ
·Ҷ׻˵˴βμӴıͣҪóһҶԭҸƳɷģǴ˷ҩı⡣
Ҫֵ֪ҩҶЩѾûжˣǶԷӶԣȴҩĴڣĲ˵һǾûġ
쵤ҩҶȻǲ۵ģֻǽŴһƺʩҪ


894 ϣ
Ҳ֪ҶĳȱǮƣõⵤҩͲҪˡ
ȨƲƸڵҶԣһ㣬Ǽ˵ռ뵽Ľ֮УҲ뱻׵ЩǷš
ԹžǮʹĥ˵һ㱻ϿɣҪҶٵҩȥĻҶÿնҪӦЩƴֵ̽羫Ӣˡ
Ҷģĳֲ֪صˡ
ҶĻ˵¶ϲ飬ⲻǵ໹ǷӣǿһأԽǸеˣԽϧ
ˣǳȥɣ
Ҷ˵ͷҪǿЩ˲ٴƵķϣҶҲóŵҩ٣ҲҶԼĹµģһжµˣʹóٶǮҶҲ࿴һۡ
ˡ
ףվмǸ˭
ǰǸôվм䣿
ҶԶһ߳ݵʱ򣬶ʱĿⶼ˹ȥãʹٵ͵Ҳ޷źͲƸ
˵䣬Ҷʦ
ʦͬţҪǸˣ
ʶҶģ඼Ǹ۵ӵܣֻǻһھͱԼҳϵˣΪǹȥڣǲԸ˵ġ
ׯˣܾʲôأ
ҶоһĿŤͷźǸƯŮڽׯЦЦعͷ˵Ա㣬ȥ͵һ𡣡
ҶȥǱˣ֪ԸЩͷһģ˹һЦõҶĳŵ˶˼֣ºԶ˺ξʿ˵Ȧ
ִʵȻʽģҲȦӻֵģΪ˵ĺξʿЩƸȻֻˣռ֮һȻԱҲλãݲ˻ǺԾĲȥ
ʤЩ۵ڶߵҪһЩռ֮һĵطҪЩȲһЩʱʱᴫһЦ
ڳڵһЩˣЩˣҲЩǵŮҲԼȦӣϵϺõ˾һ죬𸸱ǵľֹȻҪ࣬ȴðһӰ
ôХ죬ȥ𣿡
ҶߵһͷȾƵХ죬˵ҿСԺҲǸū뿪һ겻ˣ
ʦǵġХ챻Ҷ˵ͨ죬æ͵ҡҺûʲô˵
Ҳǣϱ͸Źĺ˾Щӣûʲôĵġ
Ҷ΢΢Ŷ˷ӵ̸ʱնף˵ӲԸЩ˽ˣֽҲȥЩ˳
ʦⲻ𣿡׻֪ʲôط˳ΪҲѾ죬ҶĻһ
Żû׻Ժٵġ
ҶͿ׻ЩĵȻ죬ƺ۵˵Ƴ磬뵽֮׻ǹ֮ȥʱʱһЩϢ˻̲סӽ
׻˵ͷ˵ʦİɣ뿪ʱһؿ֦ɢҶģ
뿪ʦȥĶһԵХЩĪʦ⻰˼뿪֮Ҳˡ
̤֪ˣʱûҪա
Ҷ˰֣ûжͣХ컹ں۷壬ʶûתΪԪ񣬾еǿգһ뵽죬Ȼͻףѷ׽ǵĿʿܵġ
ǣŮʿǣӭμɺξʿǣͷٰδ磬Ƕ֪йڵطһѣͬʱڿ֮С
Ҷ֮ʣ᯾ڴмһƹϣĴʽʼˡ
μӴгʵԶ
һ˼λ̽᯾ĿⲻɿҶ죬Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ᯾һЦܵʤ֣ʿ
᳡˵ֶἰһ飬᯾˵ÿλóһԼİ֮Ȼֳĸλˣõƿڵؾãϣλ̽ӻԾġĴҺͺ֣ʼ֪λԸóһƷ
᯾վһλ׵ˣҶ첻ЦҪ˵绹治λǵҶ쾺ġԪءʱλʦ֮ǰɾйˡ
ƾҪ˵δ෢ģשɣ
᯾䣬ξʿڰʮʱӢĵһǬ¡˿ʻƿվóˣļΪһԪղصѣ۰ɣ
źξʿӦ̵˽һԻƿ˺ǰϣһԶƽ˿ŲʻƿԼ12.7ף񹤾տͷĵƹ棬ԵͺأȾʽɫŨ
ξʿǴֱʰԻƿõļҪ۱ϣ
йͨһͰǬ¡˿ʻƿļֵǰ
ʵ˵ĻЩأԱĹŶճɶǷǳѵģ˵һֵֻĻһԺһ𣬼۸Ҫڰ˰ˡ
ξʿĴ֮˸жҳһǧ۱ңڻʶ˵ģں֮ʣм
һǧ۱ң
ļֵҪģҲûԸ⵱ԩͷȥһǧֵһǮξʿóǼƷϾ˼
һǧ򣡡
ҳһǧ˰۱ң
峯Ҥ۸񱻳úܸߣЩǲղؼң»ƿļ۸һ·ȥ
ʦ𣿡׻ǰʲôöǿǺȡֳϲμӵ治࣬˲ͣżۣﲻ
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ģ˰ղű˶еһǧ˰ˣСǽеʲô۰׻δ䣬Ҷûһȥ
λǰĽмѾһǧ˰۱ˣĽм۲ֵܵģ
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Щ곤æֹԼӿڳ仰ɲǿЦģҪǱ׻ϣǵڶͼҪ˶Ƥġ
ţұ죡
ڴΪ׻仰ЩҵʱһͳĶϺڶ죬һʱиĿѣҡؿڴֱоһƣڶʱѻȸ
СӣҲ°Ǽ˼Ҹųë
׻ĺҶһƾĵԴϣڳĶЩӣܵס̺ŵҪҶҪЩ顣
ʦˡ׻ԴҲЩԼǮûͺҺһΪ۵ϲеЦ̸ġ
ʲô˰Ҷûİ˰֣˵һȥǮǮ϶Ǯһˣ
ҶĻ׻ԹԵ̨ϴľʦĿԼʼˣ
׻̺ſʹ񰲾ĺڵ˿ڳعղǼˣ׻ĿҲ˼η塣
ȿȣղλǺʹҿЦġķӦҲܿ죬׻˸̨֮󣬼˵Ǽģһǧ˰ˣûѼ۵ģ
˭˵ǿЦģδ䣬ҶúһǧǾһǧ򣡡
Ҷ˻һڵĿּ˹Ҫ˵׻ֻǴд˼۸ҶĻͺеҲζˡ
ԭҶ
̨ϵĺҲϳҶ죬ǰЩĵ伮ʱǺΪնһΣҶļǳ̣ҡҡͷ˵֪ǹģÿһεĽмֻϣµġ
Ҷ¶Цݣ˵׻ֻ˵һǧ˵Ԫ𣿡
ʲôһǧԪ
Цɣǿǰ˾ǧ۱ˡ
ǰôǮ⻨ƿֵ
ΪҶⷬʱȻĴУҶԸ߳Ʒļ۸£һǧȴԶԶԹŶƿļ۸ˡ
ҶҶû۰ɣЩ۸ɽĻʹǴҲܴһ峯¼
Ҷն˵ξʿд˴֮ģҶĳȻҲҪһһǧûд
ȵľҶ仰´ãҶһǧԪûλŮʿټӼ۵ģ
һǧһΣһǧΣһǧΣ
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˵᯾ҶĿЩӣյǸкȴеһȺ䶼˿·磬ֲʵĸо
ϣһƷǳ䶨ˣǹ̻Ǽ۸񣬶ԶԶس˳˵ԤϣЩԭֻóЩֵСĸǣʼ¿ǷһƷˡ
潫ҪĳһʯɰʮһʯɣǰӢһ鱦˾ʮӢ۳ġ
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ҲˡҶ΢΢ͷ׻˵ͷ͸᯾ɣ
ǣʦ׻Ӧһ̧ۺǧ򡭡ţǸ۱ң
׻ıۣҶ첻ȻʧЦҡҡͷ˵һﰡؾͲٿһ
ʦһǵһλǮôˬء׻ЦǰȻλȨأôˣͷһֱԣҲޱˡ
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׻Ǹƴֵӣúܶ˶ùģϾֻһġ
ټϳڴ֪׻Ҷǲ֪ĸղҲҶһóں֮ʯֱҶ߸
¹ʲôȰǧ˵ɣ
Ҷμһȷξʿָڵ㶫ΪҶ˽ڵصĹƶȣǮҪڵؾȥĻָжõȥ
ҶȴõҲ߶ʮһȻǰĳʮƷȫҼ۸񶼸ߵס
ʦǸ㶫ɣХҶ߸оǲڣҶΪֱǰѱƵĻᶼĨɱˣХѾе˿ԼߵĿЩ
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ҶȻʱ˳ȴǸ˻ĳ۸Ҫ߳üֻеһʱͳ߰ڸ۱֮ˡ
ţʯͷеŹ֡
֣鱦óһԭʯҶȤΪȻԭʯе⣬ȴܲԭʯǲ㵭
ԭʯЩλ֣鱦Ĵʼ˵ĿһʯͷԺмֵȻȻǶĿʯͷԭʯıʵڲôó֮󣬰ζû˿ʼмۡ
ҶҪ㺰۸ʱһֱڽǸׯͻȻվ˵Ҫԭʯ
û飬ôʯͷҲҪ
ǣֱ֣Ӻ۲ˡ
ڴ鱦е˲٣ׯΪǶЩۣ˲ٵĶǵҪģ⻹ͷһ
ҳ飡Ǹׯ˿һʯͷ󣬺һ۸
٣Сǻռ˰Ȼ͸ԭʯ۲쵽⣿
ׯ۲ԭʯʱҶͨظӦׯڵһߵԭʯϣҲҶׯӵеʲô
ãռ˰ɡҶֻЦЦȴûгֽ֣Ҳǽµ׼


896 £
ׯп˵ԭʯôҲ򰡣ׯߵǸŮѵΪܲ⣬Ŀƺôһ˿ĵζŮоЩѿ
ⲻϣ϶кöǸׯʮֵ򶨣ͲںΧЩҹǵĿ⣬ֻǵߵŮһ䡣
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ׯǰɣں׼һʱҶͻȻڵͷгɷ֪ʲô𣿡
ҶĻׯɫһ䣬ҡҡͷ˵ţλ׻˵Ѷϴ֪ʲôֻǶĶˡ
ٺ٣ǿδأׯ©ÿɲСҶһЦ˰ֶ̨ϵĺ˵ɣö˸ײ˼ۣ
ʱҶݣڼ˶Ѿ֪ˣĻ˵Ŀⲻɶۼǿ鲻۵ԭʯϣյҶߣ޲Թ˵С壬֪кöô
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ҶЦ˵ĳμүоɣǾˣô˼ȥ˶أ
ԭô°ҶĽͣʱ˵ˣ֪Ҷ⹫˭ׯĳҲͬһˣûҪΪ˿˽ġ
ȥСڻ᳡ûĲܿȥҶ춼Ϲۣûٳˡ
Ҷ浽ˣνóʲôƷأ֪֮УѾеҶһźĻƹҲ˹
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𣬲ܻҶ컰δ䣬ڳĿǸȦȻվһְֻҪʲôǿ˵ɣģ
վ˵ˣ˺ôҶóöҩҪǱƵĻɱ˵˼ˡ
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˵ˣҲǱŵöͷ亹ֱðֻǸʦѣ˵Ӱʹֶξܽɱҵ
ʱﻹ˵ΪҶ죬æ˵ȻλΪƷʽУƷĵļΪһۡ
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ϷҲƶģʼҲû˵Ʒļ۸һԪ˿δµˣ˿ĭ˵ҶƷģǾԸƷļΪһǧ۱ҡ
Ҷִ˺Ļ˹˵ִˣ˵һǧ򣬲Ǹ۱ңԪ
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ԪҶȷʱѾȫɵˡ
Ȼȷİɣ
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ʲôҩֵôǮǸƯŮׯΪܲ⣬С˵ⶫɲ˰Ǻ˾ۣүү֪ᷢġ
Ҳ֪ʲôҩоǺöɣׯҡҡͷҲûǿߵŮ飬ԼֻոԶʯȦҺ͵ϣȻԶԶ޷ȵġ
˵Ƕȡᡣ
ׯ˶ԻҶ쵭ЦЦתͷעŻص̨ϣҶûв´ĻǸ˵ӦǿԸӦĴڡ
һǧԪһΣһǧԪڶˣûٽм۵ģ
ڸ۵˵ǻĵλҪĶûĸȥۣ鶼û˻Ӧ߸߾е鳣׼Ʒɽˡ
ǧԪֻǻûȺ£һͻأ
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Ҫ֪Ǵʹĳļ۸ٸߣǮҲҪȥģҶ캰۸ʮа˾Ųٸ۵ģҶҪóǧԪԼĶⲻë
λȷǧԪɲܿЦ
̨ϵĺҲųһ亹ȻХģ۾ȴһֱҶϡ


897 ¼
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ҶĻóһɧֻһССƿװʲô鵤ҩҲֵһǧ𰡣ҶĻⶫһ㣬֪Զ֮⣬༸˶ҡͷ
ǧһ㶼ûЦҪǲŵĻҿֳǧ֧Ʊ
ʱХҲ˵ˣҶԣǸоⶫˣΪöҩҶҪȥġ
Ҫ֪Х컹δ죬ǾеǹļƳЩҩΪ洦ȥһö͵Լٷһö
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ŵĿˣ仰Լ׶ӶԷģô޷ţǰֲڵƿĶȻֵۺϳɸ۱жʮڣ
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̨ϵĺûкֱӶԻʸ񣬶Ҳ˹ڹעǮͰڷϵƿԻһת˽ⳡּ
ôһ˵˻ľͲһִ˳ǮֻΪִƶѣȼ֮⣬󲿷˵ע˵Ļתƿ
أǴֱʣÿδ˺󣬺ĳֻķݰԼλѵ⣬ξʿҲ²⣬֪һϲǮ赽ʵٻֳϾӴʽ
ξʿˣҶʹóĳЩǮ
˲źۼҶһѣͬʱҲԼĳ⣬ʵڸղҶ˵׼Ϊ1000Ԫʱ֪Լ˷ѪǱ˳õöҩġ
£ȻӣڻƵ°
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в²ҲûҶ֮Բعغ˸1000Ԫĵ׼ۣХӼۣһżʡõʱϢһȥԼ⡣
˵ȷҲ·ֱӾͽ۸ߵڣҶǳ⣬㶼һһ˼ˡ
Ҫ֪ԼⳡԻᴫ뵽Щжеģһ׻˵ϡΪ۸˵ûʣöҩˣһţԼͳȥľͼֵʮԪˣҲ㹻ˡ
濴羰𣿻
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źҶЦҡҡͷ¹̲ʹڵĳǶԣҲһʾ޴ĲƸ³֮⣬ҲԶ֣ʿõóΪ˵ĺξʿδдҡ
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ѯûӦ󣬺鳣ֻںְҵеʳɽ󣬺вûʲô˷ܵĸоЩ߳ܣϾͲǰԸ
ˣ߰ɣ
ǩһ֧Ʊ뵽ҶվŽ´֮ñؽΪ۵۵Ľ㣬ϲУ˭ˡ
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ãġҶ˵ͷֻߵׯǸʱҶվס˽Ų˵ׯտпһ𣿡
Ȼ˵ܺռȫûйϵҶ컹˽һЩߵ飬ΪٹҪԶŷ޲μν߽ˡ
ҶҪ뿪ۣûʱˡ
ׯҡҡͷȻҲҶܺ棬ܵ飬ׯһֱɻĪԼ׽ĸ׶ûи֪
ׯָоԼͶԷȥôеܾزסģΪԼˣ͸¶ǹ䣬ƺܿԼĵһ㡣
ǺðɣǸԵټ
ҶóׯԸЦׯպ󽫴ΪҲҪС˵ġ
н˿ڣȻߵļʺܵͣҲ٣ȻԷԼҶҲûǿЦЦ˺ξʿߣ˵ջЩ£ȸˡ
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ξʿˣҶЦŴ˸кԶʹм᯾˵ͷź߳


898 Ϣ
Х죬ãǳˣ
ڱĿҶ춶˶ϵıֽҡͷЦǰ۵Ĺжǲֻ׷ôִҲע
Ҷϱֽͷ棬һĸҹɫбӰƬȻֻǱӰҶһ۾ܿĸһ뿪ˡ׻ХԼ
λĵúأӦǰװſڴԶץĵģҶʶûвġ
λӦͨ˵μӴеĳˣϷ鼸ָƣúܴƪ飬˵ĴֱʺõƷΪƪص㱨Ĺؼ㡣
ʦ˿ɱЩСģֵĳϣΧҪһ붼Ǽߵġ
ХѾסһʱ䣬Ҳһ˽⣬űֽЦұʦ绰ģҪȻⱨҲʦǸôѽ
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Ҷ֪۵Ĵƻʮ͸ģÿһʿ֧ҪȥԹ˲ѯලҪֿԽܾĻҲǷǳϸġ
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׻ϵĴľ飬˵õĹ˾Եģ㹻ծǿԽܾģʦǮҪǲҪ
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һľҶȻ֪⣬óĵҩЧܿ죬һҹ˶û˯ЧҲǺģҪȻҲŴĳ֡
ںξʿľǳڶҶΪĸлΪǸ磬һýʮڸ۱ҵƿ۴ƽΪ֮𾪣úξʿʵ˴Ƽҵͷ
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ң̫ˣҶĳˣǮ˰ɡҶֿȭһҵ۹˻ǺصģǸڣѾ۷塣
ڵ˽Ǽ˽˷ɻϣҶ컹ǷԷһ飬Ҳ׵ؾóöҩҪ֪˵ϲڤڤעҶΪˣպڶɽٵʱǻʲôġ
ãҾͲˣҶպҪ뾡ܿڡҲ֪һҶ飬ûɡӷɻúúõˣԳͽǮ֮
ˣҶǡҩԣӦѾȥ˰ɣһ£绰һ˴Щ㣬ƺݡ
ҲԹˣΪջؼҷǵҩ֮ĳθͿʼ췴ˣÿСʱҪһϴּ䣬йĶǳţʹˮߣȻйŵζ
һҹӵˣûκˮѵ΢˯һСʱֻо棬ǻصʮ׳ʱʶҹйȥĶڵʺͶء
ʱζʵǲܣҲԸ칫ʱپһأƤҶѯ
ûˣõĵģպҪ̫۾ˡ˵ĻҶҲ̲סЦ˶ùֵҩȻ֪ʲôӦ
Ҷ죬ȥʿҪҺʦһȥ𣿡ҶҶϵ绰ҿ˵ڶ˹Ǹ֮ҵŷ޵ȷôһȺڣͨѪ侫ҲС
Ѫ壿ʦҶδ˵һԵ׻ȴɫһ䡣
ôˣ֪ˣҶ쿴׻ڹģضЩ֪ĶһЩ
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׻Ц˵ǻ᲻֪ߵغֻΪҥδؾǼٵģʦҪҸȥŷްɣǺǱҲǸġ
ã벻㣬ʦҲȥҴХͿˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ռϡȶʵǿ˸ͲѪҲǿޣò˴Сֵġ
УȻ켣ģһ˵ʵǿ󵽱ⷽʱͻձ뿪
Ҷ룬ţأӡĲҮǱشżȥģҲǸٽ㣬ǿѹΪ׽ټʱή١
ҶղԲԴ󣬶ţѾ۷壬ȫӦκͻ¼
ҿȰ˵ʱ򣬲輸ϵĵ绰ͻȻ˼䣬ҿ绰ݸҶ죬˵ĸ״ģġ
ӹ绰ҶЦ裬ʲô£ⲻÿ춼绰ؼһ㱨𣿡
ҶÿγŶ绰ͲͨٵĶоޱθÿһ绰ؼңԺ¼ӡ
ʵӲҶҲÿ绰ģŵ绰ӵĿҶԶһ㡣

ޱڵ绰һҲЦһ˵ӣϴβʴӢǷСƱͼһλеѰҲѯˣǵһо˵Ʊͼ
ԴӺҶϣӵļûĸʲô飬ԶԶ˵飬ޱҲʮĵģǰ֪Ӣݲصʱִ绰ǸˣæѯƱͼ䣬ȻϢ
Ŷ裬ҼǸͼ𣿡
ĸ˵£Ҷ۾һũ˾նõǸо̲źǿһֻҶʼ޷Ϊȱ˵Եʡ
ڵõһоϢҶȻϷŹΪǸƱͼƺռãһǿķҶڸӦǹʱ򣬶оһļ¡


899 ׶
ҪǲͲ绰ˡ
Ӽеޱһʰڵ⻹Ҫ⣬Ӣ˳λļ̳ˣͿȥӢ㵽Ӣݵġ
ȷڴӢ𣿡Ҷʱ侲Խڷɿתţ裬ҿȲҪˣûб
ҶյĿĲҪǸо뽫Уͨλ˼ˡƱͼʧٵĻҶϴˢɵģֱǱӢݽ˳ˡ
׻˵͵οԭǴйȥģҶԲ˿ġ
Ҷ죬ʲô
ȻͶദʱ䲢Ǻܾã֪ĪĸҶһɣޱʱ˲ԣæ˵㲻ҪʲôͷɲЩƷϹϵ
綥ȦΪƷԸһǧˣӶҲһҵǾǹƷЩֶθרŴӸչ߲ȡЩ˿۵Ʒ
ԭɹ˹͵ƷͨЩǣ䵽ĳЩ˵˽ղڣ˺ܶƷʧҲʹЩڹղг˲ݣޱΪҪͨЩȥȡǡƱͼĲоųֹġ
裬ȥˣôЩˣ
Ҷ챻˵ÿЦãֶΣʹ͵ǿҲܴӴӢǷоٽ˹ά˹³ĵù׺ˣӢ漴ʹɣҲûְ֤Լġ
㷴Ҳʲôˣ
ޱû磬˵Һɯ˵ˣǼƷĻһһϼĻ佻ģЩԽ
ģ٣裬̫ΰˡ
ĻҶ첻ֳиǮ軹ǲʲôϼĻҶֽ磬û͡ƱͼᲢ۵ġ
Сٷϻʲôʱȥǰ˵һޱȻȴ¶Цݣöӿ֣ʹҵҲԸ⡣
裬ǰʲôѽҽͷ׶أھͰŰɣ
õʯ֮⣬ѾжҶĶˣɡƱͼеһʿٿߴỹʱ䣬Ҷȥ׶ذȷ
ôˣ黹ôë꣡
ޱûѵ˶һ䣬ǴӦˣھ͸ɯ״绰ǺϵʽǼƷģȥף
õģлл裬һڣ
ҶޱЦйҶ˵绰תХ죬˵Х죬ںһȥȻؾǵĺԺҴũܵõǸоϣȻֱ׶أ׶ػϣ
ȼٿߴᣬҶƱͼһҪһЩһֱʦԪ飬Լϵõ𰸡
ҶļҿԼݳХ͵˻Хǵĺ뿪ҶǼܵ˽˷ɻҲ˺Ӣȥ

ҶɣҶ߳׶عʻʱһװĵӭ˵ҽкǹפӢʹݵޣҶѾ׼ˡ
ЩˣǡҲȥʿ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷڷɻϾͽӵزŵĵ绰˵˷ɻȥӣ绰ϯԴģҶȻҲ˶Էġ⡱
Ҷ⽻Ҳһ˽⣬פ¹У˴ʹ֮⣬޿ĵڶλ
ӢΪ¹֮һλԶһЩС¹ݿɱȵģλҪǷŵЩңֱӾʤδʹˣӴļɲ͡
ҵĹֻΪҶ񡣡
СʱǰӵϯԴĵ绰ӴԾҶǳᣬҲ˿ҵ֡
Ź¹յĳʻ󣬺˵Ҷ˵ǵһ׶أĴ֮һҪĻҿΪ׶صһг̣
ӵָʾҪӢڼҪ󣬲ҽǰʿķɻ
ȻҪܵĸҶߣΪҶƻǹǼλҲʮͷ۵ģǼ·ڣǺͶ˹Ĺϵûȫ޸á
ѪķԴذǺǣе˼
Դ˷ɻҶ͸оĿУƺֽȻͬϢ
һЩƻֺĽΧһڷ̵֮ҶʶһЩСưʱȴظӦЩλزϵϢ
ѪҶЦİɣһ£̶˵ӢѪΪľưɣҪĻĻҿԴȥ
ˣҶȤ󡣡Ҷҡҡͷһϵֱ˵ҺԼ˰СʱڴӢݼ棬ܿ𣿡
ޱЧʷǳߣҶ컹ڷɻϵʱ򣬾ѾԼ˼ʱ䣬ʾڹǿӰ
Ҫ֪ҶҪ˿ɲͨϰգӢҵ˳λ̳ˣȻӢѾǰǱӢأҲϳ˰֮⣬Ӱ֮һɲ˭ܼġ
û⣬Ҷһ׼ʱ˵ͷһ򣬹һ˼֮һӢӺ׷
⽻Ȩôţ
źͲ澯ĺֱһ·񱼣ҶҲЩˣԸʱЩˣƵλ⽻˱ɷ
Ҷˣϣû顣
Сʱӵʱ򣬺ͣ˴ӢݵſڣһƬҶ죬˵ľӦҶ绰ҡ
òҿ޻治ء
ҶһЦ˳ֻ֪λ޵ݺ⣬ǹĳ˾ֵˣҲžݵģϯҲֱӽ绰ġ
ͨλɯסɯŮʿĵ绰Ҷ챻ݵһԱ˴Ӣݵڲ칫Ļȣ˾ӵʱ䡣
̵ģǸǿȰĶ¶ǴӱĹİɣ
ĸչ̨ĿչƷҶ˽ҵԴӹϣʯ񵽹ŰĻƽߣй޲ڲһǿʷ
ŶĶӣϵۣÿ񰡣
ҶŹݳ칫ҵķһλʮŵŮվԴŵĻҲҶ֪ĸЩ׵Ӣ֡
ɯ̣ĸ˵ĻҪƯ
Ҷ֪ڹ佱ŮƯԲˣåҪǮʱһͨȥ


900 
˵ϵۣôʮ갡
ɯﲨתϾȻԳһ˿ΣҶƨʱ¶ֿ飬ܳɹλŮʿΪˣҶһûôϰɣ㲻Ҫа̣ǽɯɣ
ǰŮȻЩ飬ΪȴʮֱʣҶۿЦðɣװɯ㣬֪ʲôʱܼǼйƷأ
ȻûȤйˡɯƲƲ죬˵ʱԣҶѵ˵ǼƷһ𣿡
ȻƷǹȥʷɯȴֳɵƷ
ҪǮƨҶǲĵģ˵ǷͼĻҶ컹ҪλӢкܴӰŮ˰н¿ɲǵʱ
⻹࣬ѾȥȡˣܼҶĻɯ׸˵ЦĶҶ⣬ֻڶŪѵĶӰˡ
˵䣬һ߽˰칫ңϣһɫ䣬˵ɯˣλҪͣ
λ˵ĻҶ࿴ɯһֳۣƺѾйʧϰˡ
Ҷ죬λǸݾĽܿƿ˹ݳæġɯ׽˽ܸҶ졣
ɯˣҳԱȨʱ鿴еĵصġ
ӢʵоƶȵĴңʲ׼ͨȨȷġϡ͡Ȩԭ򣬹Ӣελ
ӢǹԪס˾١װ˾Ӣʥġ䡱ʵȨʵڸصʵֽܲȥ
Ȼ˻ȨҲõӦĲӵλеӢܵõҾλΪҫĴӢݵҲǻҵȨ֮һ
ɯϢһ¡
Ҷ죬ܿƿ˹ݳҪʿ࣬к˸ɯһȺСĵĽϺ󣬿˵ǴӢںڼ͵ʱҪСš
Ȼܿƿ˹ݳҵĸһλоղؼңξίƷģ
ܿƿ˹ĻҶ첻ÿɷЦڶԷ뵽ʱѾ֪ˣеĲоǡƱͼһ֣ΪоУҲļµ
ҶĲ²⣬ƱͼνЩԤδͼֻԬǼ֪ķ»Ƴģͼ룬ҲֻΪǼĴڡ
óһѩ׵״úҶŴǸû䣬һԵĽܿƿ˹΢΢˵ͷҶľֹܿһλƷղؾˡ
ţôǲȫ
ǸоҶüͷΪֻ֣߰ҳ˸ͼġƱͼ޷ԼõǰǺ
ͼӦƱͼĺҶ֮ǰõм䲿֣Ҳ˵Ҫ롶ƱͼҵƱͼķҳҪȻвȱġ
ȻȻˣҶҲŹͼװģؼһ֮Ҷ̧ͷܿƿ˹˵ݶıܣ˾尡ôһ۵ĲоȻҲ֮ã
ҶӢݣȴЦӢݵĵֹǧ򣬸ûоȥÿһƷ
ƱͼоһЩطδøɾĻҳȻڵõɯ׹֪ͨ󣬲ŴӺ嫵ĵ伮н䷭ҳ򵥵һЩά
ɴ˿ɼӢݶͼεӣҶҲ˼ֵ¿˵ܿƿ˹ݳ֪ҵĸһλйƷղؼң¼оһ֣Ǻ϶ΪһΪһƷ֪ܲҸ׵Ըأ
Ҷ⡭ҺΪѰ
ܿƿ˹¶Ϊѵɫ˵ǲûнƷ˵ο˵ľܱǸ޷׵Ը
ʵҶ֮ǰɯ׾ܿƿ˹ޱ˼Ҳ˵ԸһϼĻȡеͼо
ϼʲôˣŷ˵ĿУǹκҶ޷֮ȵģ˵һûˣӢȻǧϴʽס
ҪǣϼǽңԴﶼǴĴӢûжĲƷҲޱӴƱԽɹҪԭ
ȻΪƷĵãӢȻϳԸռ˱˵ģԽܿƿ˹ŻҳɣҶ
᣿ƨǸͲ֪ʲô
ܿƿ˹ĻҶ̲סﱬ˴ֿڣоϵĻ׾ӣﻹǾʴԶԣЩαġƱͼܳƵϡ֡
̫ϧˣԭҸղصһϼִͻ͹ݽġ
Ҷ¶ϧı飬̯̯˵ǷϼĻѾڷɻˣ̫źˣܿƿ˹ѵûбİ취𣿡
Ѿڷɻˣ
ܿƿ˹۾һæ˵Ҷ׶Ʒ׷ģҲȫܵġ
ŶҪβܽоȥأ
Ҷ۾¶һ˿Ц⣬ܿƿ˹Ҫ֪ҸòȱĶ϶ΪһĻǲóϼͻģ
Ʒ޼۵ģǲý塣
˵⻹ҪȹֱӺܶ࣬ϼǷͻѾڷɻϺ󣬽ܿƿ˹ֱӾ˺αװ˵ǿԻһַʽҪ˵壬ǸϼͻӢݣҲù黹壬Ȿύ㣬𣿡
ǽҲαúܡ
Ҷ΢ɲƲƲ죬ȴ¶Цݣ˵Ȼԣܿƿ˹ٹһСʱͻִܵ׶ˣһмͱϼļʦǽɾʽ
õģԸȥصļ
ܿƿ˹ȻҶļЩǣ뵽ݼ¼һϼƷЩ΢ҲɢˣοҲ˼ǱᣬǳݾԶ֮⣬Ტ߱ղؼֵ
ֻʱȽϽԭ򣬽ܿƿ˹ֻ˴ƷĽǶȥǷᣬϸоòʵĻһһģΪЩֽţûгֹϡ
һСʱХĺҲ׶ػ
űϼͻ֮һġƱͼоϵӢݵʱǸ칫ѾȺλӢƷרҡ


901 
ЩƨŮ˵Ļһ䵱
ôֻƷרðΧǷϼͻҶ̲סƲƲ죬⻭ϵŮģĿᣬϲСȥһ㣬Ҷкпԡ
ûǱϼʱģעȰͶ׷漣ɡ
֮һӶе㻨׵˽Ŀͻ˻˵ܿƿ˹ȷǱϼ漣һ۷ʱҲῴġ
ɭͱϼѣĻҵȻˡܿƿ˹˵ͷǰλˣҲһλĻңֻͱϼĳɾͱԵô΢ˡ
Ǵϼһʱ䣬ԱϼĻϤޱȣÿбϼƷʱҪֳмҲǱϼƷļרҡ
ʲô׷ϲ׷Ů𣿡
Ҷ԰ɭĻǲΪȻҲ˽һЩϼƽֻ֪һ߾ûȱŮˣֱ˾ʮʱ򣬻ںŮ˾壬ͷβľһɫѡ
ȻҶҲ˵ʲôģôһ֮һġƱͼоҶԾ׬ˡ
ҶԸϼ漣ȡ᣿
ڼʦȥ֮󣬽ܿƿ˹Ҷ죬Ȼ޲ھҶǾЭǩ֣Ӣ˵òʿҶѯһ顣
ҶڻԺڵġΪˣɯ׶ڱϼƷļֵҲǺģԭֻΪҶ쿪Цģû뵽Ҷóôһͻ
ǧԸ⣬ҸȻϲⱾᣬҲͻˣ
ҶЦŰ˰֣˵ܿƿ˹һЩ飬ܺܿҪ뿪׶أ֪ܲܰþⱾأ
Ҷ֪Լ˸ˣڽӢʱõһݣ˷ɻϾͽ뵽˴ӢݣӢعһʱỹʲô
ʱ䳤Ҷɲұ֤ʲôʣӢ֪ԼܵӢﻻȡĻʹⱾǺôⵥҲᱻǸƵġ
ȻҶֻҪֱļǩ֣ϾͿԴⱾĻᡣ
ܿƿ˹ܸоԼ˵ⷬʱ̲סһ£֮ļֱֵԶǻչһµСѡ
ãû⣡ҶûκεķϻϵıʣļǩԼĴЦܿƿ˹ǽ׳ɹ˰ɣ
Ҷֻ໥һξΪ̫лĿˣ
Ҷֽ֮󣬽ܿƿ˹һ̲סЦһĻȡ˱ϼͻ׬ˡ
ܿƿ˹ˣֻǸˡ
ҶЦЦǱо뵽У˵ܸлɯİԺйһúһйʤż롭ҵĸҲġ
Ҷʺĸ׺ãҲкüûˣʱһȥġ
ᵽԼѣɯױضׯֻ֮ظ˵ƤӣҶ˵Ҷѵ㲻ӢһʱҿԴ㵽׽𺺹ȥҵֶŮ棬вƯġ
̫źˣɯ㣬ҶӶẰְˡ
ҶЦǸӣ˵ܿƿ˹Ҿȸˣպҵֻᣬ롭óһϼƷҲпܵġ
ģ
ܿƿ˹۾һæ˵ҶԲߵģǲݶƵĻᾭģϾȥѯĿ¼мĹ͹ˣ
̵ģǲѯĿ¼Ҫü죬⵱Ҫй߶ٶ
ҶԷ˸ۣİ˰֣˵ˣһҪȥʿЩ飬ܿƿ˹ݳҵƵĻᣬ绰ϵˡ
ղЩרڼϼͻʱҶѾʶӢɨһ飬оͰܿƿ˹еĶƷҡ
ɨҶȻһЩ̺ȴûһƱͼĲоˣĴӦĻǻ̲סӢݶϴһġ
ǺðɣҶ´ʱһúһ´Ӣݡ
ܿƿ˹ʱѾǩһļ֤ҶЯҪģ֤Ҷ󣬽ܿƿ˹ԽХͳ˴Ӣݡ
Ҷߣ꾯׷ĺһֱȺڴӢݵ棬Ҷæ֡
٣⽻ȨǺʹյĺҶ첻Цʵûнܿƿ˹ߵ֤ҲܽǷƱͼĲоȥġ
кҶϳ󣬺ʵҶȥ
ҶЦȥҪʿǰСʱźһܿİɣ
ҶָоӢӦúܿͻ֪Լ뾳飬Ҫٲ뿪Ļ˵ûᷢһЩ飬Ҷ첻£ȴ鷳Ҫһϻ׵ˣһ¼
ҪһΰҶĻ󣬺ɿȻ⽻ԱҲҪӢɷģҪһ·ɳҪʹȥֽԸˡ
ҶӲǿЦҧҧݺݵزţɳ۶ȥ
Ҷ죬ҵıϼͻˣӸոҶǵ绰֮ͨҶƽ˳
ǷϼͻҶƽ㾡еĻǧԪһ۾ٰġ
ҶƽھղȦҲ룬ϾղһϼƷѾԱΪղؼˣ˵ˣǷ۹ڣҶƽҲǶһݡ
ֻǽҶƽһλǰǷͻʱȴԭͻǶǽֻʣ°ɫǽˣò㱨ʱޱ֪ǷҶˡ
ϰ֣ǿɲõģҵģ°Ҷ͸޹֪ϰֶǷϲĳ̶ȣҪԸĺԺָͻᰤһٱġ
ӵĻҶƽҧгݵ˵Ҳô࣬Ƿˣ
ڴӢˣϰ֣ղعڹ治ͦõ˵ռӵЩ
Ҷֻ˵ͿǷƨŮ˵ͻˣҾӢˣ˵ȥ˵Ű
ƨҶĻҶƽǰһڣûεȥץŵ绰СҪǲǷҲ»ˣЩҿɶˣ
ޱִƨŮǷҶƽ򲻸ҵģֻвˣǧҶƽĶڵѪ


902 
ϰֵĺҶסЦ˵֣ͷҸתǮ򼸷ˣϼ˰˾ʮ꣬Ʒȥˣ
Ǯ򵽾ͺˣ֪֪ϴǷҪϰæֲ
Ҷƽ⿴һۣѹ˵СӣΪӾβˣҡǲ裬ȥ
ҶƽڲԵĻҶ֪ϰǶ˸λˣæ˵鰡ϰ֣ɣпȥ˰޸ܸܲ㼸űϼ漣
ϼ˾ʮ꣬һд󲿷ֵʱ䶼ڰȹģ޸ղƷҶ쵹Ҳ޵ķʸŵʿߴ󣬾ȥתһȦϰղؼҵԸ
Сʶ࣡
õҶĳŵҶƽ㬵عҶ˵绰֪ӵı£˵㼸ľܸ㵽͵Ͳˣ˹йȥҲġ
ڳмĺ̲סҶһۣղǻ˵ģ޸ҿһ㣬Ȼô
֪߻ûʲôֻҪҶԸ⣬ͳͷȥҪ˵ֻǵ޸˳űϼĻˡ
Ҫ˵ĳ治һ󴮾оյ˻ϹأҶХʩʩȻ³׻ȥЩӢˡ
Ҷ캽дʹЭģ뵽ʮӺ󣬷ɻͳ죬ʿȥ
ǾҶĺɰСʱ֮һȺźɫװ˴ӢݣкҶӴ˶ܵ飬׵ȻλΪԼӢ˺͵Ľܿƿ˹ݳ
һ죬ӢعǽǱ׳ȥĻƬŴϴӣ˶йĻżѧ߶˽ʷ
˼ļ֮󣬼ʹ֪һйŴռԵ鼮Ҳ޷ЩͼƬпʲôܣֻ㬵ĽΪܵ

ʦⱾƱͼĲоֵñϼͻȥ
ڷɻ֮ХһֱѹʣͬҶƽµȻ֪䰺ļ۸Х쿴ҶΪȷеܼҡ
ϼĻʲôôܺ͡Ʊͼȣ
ҶƲƲ죬ִǸӣ˵ȻԪδɣʶǿҲܸˣʶӦһ⻭ᡣ
ʶ̽⻭᣿Хһ£ȻЩԣǰҶ˵ͷųʶʶէһӴǱᣬӾǱ͵һ£ôʹޱȡ
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ХסԴǹĸоʹȥӣХ԰׵ɫŻָһ˿
Ҳ֪ô£ƾƱͼֵ̺ñϼͻȥȡˡ
ҶɫصҡҡͷʱΪҲóȻͷԪ̽⡶ƱͼĲоǺˮһ㣬йĻ˲ܰҶԪɱ
Хµؿǲо˵ֵãʦ˵ķɣ
ҸоҪȱɽ󡣡ҶҡҡͷóХһо
Ӧǵҳм䲿֣ǰ벿ֻȱʧˣףô£Ҷ콫оһ𣬾оոնԽϵʱͻȻˡ
ȥЩƾõĲо໥ٻһ㣬ȻһһĪǰ뱾Ʊͼɢ˳յĲʱžǡһ죬ȻӲѿˡ
ģǲǾͲɻ
ޱܶ˽˷ɻʱ׸߿УһȲȲȫ֮󣬻˲뵽ʧ״̬󺮷ڿӿ롣
ҿޱѽɢ˻սԱֻһ۵սʻԱҶХڲͬʱת뵽ں֮У˫˵ذϣƾХܴǰӡ
Ҷʲô£ʻԱӻڴ˳Ǳڲͣ˸ţʾֵ顣
û£ʻɻԤ䣡
ǻղ飬Ҷңʱע˷̨ϵǱƱͼϡ
ΪڻƷʧƯ£ǱƱͼȻ˿ҳûзһҳٿ񱩵紵ƱͼʱϾͻϢС
ԼҶԺðһͷȵǵĿ߿д̺ɸӳ棬Ʊͼʱı֣Ǹ޵׶һ㣬̰е
ӿ룬ԭҳзƵġƱͼɫĳ¾ɫȥ¶ʯһİ¶ǷͼҲ֪ʲôʱûˡ
ҶУұϽ䣡
Ҷ۲졶Ʊͼ仯ʱ򣬼ʻԱȻû𻵣ľ飬׸߿в飬ֻҪ̶̵ӣܽ˶ɱ
ִʿʻȥ޷ɻ
ҶͬһڼʻԱը죬һֲΥѹǱϵʿҲֻʮӵĺˣʻԱڽͷи߶ȵͬʱʼϵʿЭˡ
ŷɻߵصĽͣеҲüƱͼٶҲˡ
ʮӹ󣬵ܻǱϴٹķɻʿʻʱ򣬡ƱͼɢֲֿѾȫʧˡ
ţͼôûˣ⡭⻹ǡƱͼ𣿡
ҶһƱͼ֮ȴ֣ԭʮҳƺճһ뱾Ʊͼֻʣŷǽҳ棬мΪһһڣһŲ΢һЩҳϣдһѪɫġ֡
ҿô£
Ҷ춢ǸֿһۣԴȻһѣΣ๬账ԪǱǸҪһ㣬ŵҶæĿ⣬ҲȥǸ֡
˲ϸоҶ콫СֻаƴСġƱͼ뵽˻УΪڻܵϾѳȻͣܵϵķɻ۶
Ҷû°ɣ
ʻԱ˼ʻź󣬿ǽ岻Ļգһ˼ؿҶˡ
λʻḻսʻԱղʮӣ˼ʹûҲɱˣĶˣĴ˼ά̲סʼ
û£⼸ץɻ޺ãҶһ˰ȫţӷɻȥһͣڷɻĳ߳һλйװľ١
Ҷģʲô𣿡ҶµûǸǵõϢǰӭפʿʹݵ١


903 
ûʲôɻ˵ϡҶڴͷɻ壬ÿηʱҪʲô⡣
СС⣿ǸУεٿɻϵʱſͲûѾʣܷɻյĲȫˣ⻹С⣿
ȻǹﰡȻܽⲣ飿֪ʿٿߴģҲһЩѴ󴸣Ҳûյд
ԭٶҶҲμ߽ỹЩǿǰΣﻹȥҶܽղ׸߿հȻˣҲǷǳǿġ
ҪҶ֪λٵ뷨һԩģɻúúõģеõȥҲ氡׻ǱġƱͼ
߰ɣȥסĵط˵
ΧĳԽԽ࣬Ҷ˶Էĳһڸʻϵ٣ʵʲô֣Ƚóʲôأ
ղҶעڡƱͼˣֱ˿̲ŷ֣ԭӭԼλ٣ƺҲתһĪֻǹʮֵС֮ǰׯ硣
Ҷҽй˴ˡ
ҶĻ󣬹˴һۿ˾˵ͷ˴ʹݣϸ㱨˴νɡ
߽ʿУһԺܸߵ飬פʿʹУЩԭ붥ҶμӵĹ˴֮⣬ֻдʹ֪ˣ˾ֻ¹ݵͨԱ˴ЩԻ
ҶʿǸĵطΰİ˹ɽһ˾Ҳŷߵģʱ䲻ԣҪȻԴȥɽϻѩġ
⽻յһ·ͨʻ˻Ϊ˴Ҷʿʵ˵ҶҲо˲ͬԴӵŷ֮ͷ֣ĹҵȾҪȹ΢ࡣ
׶ػǸ߸ðź̵̴ѣʹغңû컵ĺϷգȻһ˶ޱȵʯһ㣬쳣
ĺۿɼĽǽáݺͲݣ඼Ľʿе¹ֹٷԾ֪ܵҲһںϵĹҡ
ȻʿĻкӱҵʿӱƷ磬ʿռܲ40%ȫÿ107ʿеҶϴŵ飬ʿģ۸ҲǼ䰺
ҵʿš֮ʿкųȫС
ҵľУֻҪеԱ鴢ĸϢʾ֤Щж͸¶ʿвᣬ3ʿһֱΪñܵԭ
ִʩʹüеĴ˾ʿп˻ʿǩ֧ƱҲǹͨõģޱ黹ҶǼʮ𣬴˿Ҳʹһٶʷ
Сʱ󣬳ӿһڳеĴʹڣΧĻҶ̲ס̾Ĳ
ҪǼùھһӣҶǰȥˣǵĿȾһһ˵кܴ˺ҶǵҲҪʮġ
ǰŶعˡ
ҶĻ󣬹˴ЦҶһ¥ǸλϢõģÿ춼йԱдɨˣʹл˵Ϊٰ컶ӭᡣ
ʵʹ֪黹ûй˴࣬ڵĳλҲ绰רŶҪӴҶ죬ǹæҲ͹˴һǰȥӻġ
Ƕŷ޷ĺǽС¥Ҷҡҡͷ˵ͲҪˣϹˣ°ɡ
ǣҶЩϻĵġ˴˵ͷҶХ߽С¥ڿɳº󣬴Ĺİͳ˼ļݸҶ졣
ЩûʲôġҶֽļϣЩʵϹֺر֪ʲô˵أ
ûдһЩʱ򣬺ܶԶ֣֪ᷢ棬಻Ϊ֪飬ҶҲˣҪ죬ʹ͹˴ĽӴҲ֪ܵġ
ҶҵովѲãǱȽġ
˴ԭֻУΣΪܣֱƸΪУҶһ¾ͱפʿҲǹЩ׼Ҷ첻ͬ˵Ļù˴ȥμӴ˴ε߽ᡣ
˵Ż˴һУԭϵһֽȻƯҡҡλεطɵλǽǵˮˮĳˮҲԶȥƬ̼ͽֽˡ
Ҷҵĳǿʮ׵ķΧڣһЩǺصƷ
óǱˮŻصϺ󣬹˴ĶͷѾðϸܵĺ飬ԣһװˮıӣȻǵ˼ޣԶһĻҪҶǰˡ
ԭŹ˴ǳӣҶЩˣһ仰û˼˵Ǿǡʲôã
һˮù˴˼ޣභʱѵһˮȥԷҪǳ߽ϣǼֱͻΪһЦ
Ҷ֪ʲô
ʩչԼĳ󣬹˴ؿҶ죬Ҷ˽ⲻֻ֪࣬һλдߣ֮ǰڷɻΣҲ֤˵һ㡣
ҵҶһ㶣̶ЦЦ˵Х죬ɣ
ãʦ
Х˵ͷܿһۣ۾ŵźĲ¼ϣȻһץֻꡱһ죬¼ܱХӲմץ
ХҲÿֶΣǽزץУֻƤƵǲִƵ¼ܾһ㣬Х任״һ򣬱Хаš
⡭ʲô򣿡
˴۾ֱˣﵹҲˣХϵĹȴδģ˫Ҫ˵ϣ˴̲סһļƤ
˴ڲҲһЩɰ֮๦ĸ֣ǰХЩ˵ĹֱСҼһ㣬ò֡
Ǿӽɱʤ⾢ǵھǲͬģҲԷƱ
˴ǲ԰׵ɫҶҡҡͷȻЩȴ̫ƶ磬Ҳ֪Ϊ뵽ģ
ֻҶ첢֪ҲʵߣνովܵĹ˴͵ʿģϯҲҶˡ


904 鱨
ҶλҲ֪ʲô˰
Х¶һֹù˴Ŀɿڴˡ󣬾˹ߵоǰδӴĴ
ù˴̬˱仯ΪԼҲµһĸоǽҶڷɻϵı֣ХϵĹ򣬶ù˴ú޲طȥ
Ҷ˰֣˵Ϲˣ˵Щˣߴɡ
׻˵֪֪˰սȻҶԼоԵģҲҪֹ﷭˴Ͼ֮治УҲϼһ˭֪ʲôֶء
Ҷʻ󣬹˴ǿнԼ˻˵ҶߴӢٿģȻõ糬Э壬佻ʵɳģ඼Чھӵߡ
ӿߵ飬ڼص½еģԴȻĲ²⣬֪ʵʮǰν糬оЭᣬĳЩҵ齨ġ
ʼʱһЩһ໥ЭܶѧҶ뵽УӼǱܵĽǶĳЩ
ǵʶھϵú󣬾Ϳʼڵˣ˭Ҳ֪Ĺнչʲô̶ȣ糬ЭҲʵ
˴ν˳Э壬ʵɳģȫԼǿĵ
ڼǿкĽ죬˭սˣȻĲҲֻ˹ЩСצӣԴкĹңҲǼصġ
߽ᣬʵϾԵײԸۺʵһжԸڹϵĻȨʵҲһµķ䣬ԸҶǷǳӡ
ֲλ˽أԭ̰
˴ĽͺҶ첻Ц붡ɵǴɱ¾ø֮࣬Ӵ˶ԳоͶ룬˵Ҳǲ޹ϵ
ҶλڣһЩǺÿ
˴˵˵Ҳ˷֮ǰֻǾδᣬ˴ûףϾܾѵʱȽ϶̣ݻԣҪ˵ʵսǼֱǸ߼ܡ
Ҷʦͽļ룬Ҳù˴Ĵ׸߿в鶼ܲˣֱ뻹Ҫţָһ˳ġ
ϹˣԻҲǲСﰡŹ˴ӣҶҡҡͷʵˣ֪Ϊߴ𣿡
Ҷ֪˴ЩֵؿҶ졣
֪һ
Ҷû˵˵νӢģӦ÷ԼĹһ֮׽ĹңǷʿӱҵĹ
ҶӦ֪ʿǸɣ
ҶĲ֪ԭ򣬹˴͵ݣԺܶԽ˺⣬ʿ֣ߴᣬǹҺͶ˹һʿٰġ
ʿҲֻǹͷˡ
˴ĻҶ֮Աǣ֮û뵽ʿݣ֮ǰѹûΪǸΪں͹ļҵУҶŹʿʵ顣
ʿݣԴ1815άҲɻ飬ʱΪսصķͬͨ˹ʿʿȷΪ
һٶʿȷݣǵսʿȴݹ಻ʵĽɫ
ڶսУʿһֱάͬ¹ľóڹϵʿһֱ¹Ӧľṩ40׿ھڣǵ¹Ӧ˾ϮҪ
ʿܾȺ̫ˣȷ涨̫˲ӦΪ񡱣ʽսʱʿڱ߾10̫뾳ʱֱӰЩ˽ĵϡ
ʿ̫˲Ʋ䵱ɴƽ飬ھʮʱȻ󲨣ʿеһ˺ܴĸӰ졣
ڶսУɴȺĵ¹̫ʿп5໧мֵΪ60Ԫʽ
ֻ600Ԫʿ̫֯һЩ˵֯һЩʿɴ⼯Ӫûз֤ɾܾ⳥Щʽ𶼱ʿˡ
ʿձǸĵս֮ʿҷʡ1995ʱɵʱ⽻ƵٴΪʿڶսеıǸųɹʿڹϵλ
ˣǲˡҶ˰˵Ϲˣ֪θɳĶЩʲô𣿡
Ҷûнӵⷽ鱨
˴ҡҡͷ˵ߵоڸܵ飬ֻ˵Զ˹õһЩ󣬵оͻͽ˺ܴͻƣӢͶ˹Ҳˡ
һ£˴ɬ˵ҶҲ֪ǵõʲôйû˿ĽչȻҲõǸ
뵽Ҷ߿о󣬹˴Ҳ֪˺ܶܵ飬ŹҶ֣Ҳ֪˹飬ҲҶӰ
ţԭô°
Ҷһ£ӢӶ˹õʲôȻ˭Ƕ׽ʧܺʬ壬Ȼʱʬ屻˹õԸѹ˹òóһЩԹо
ˣǾǻȡɡ΢һĥҶʱ˹¶˲ΪȻɫ
Ȼǽ̿һ㣬֯ṹǴڳˣ֯ϸһ㣬ܸѧҺܶ
ֳɵĻѧǾڶʵ飬ͨҩıĻṹӶȡǿҶûв´ĻӢԼ˹ȹңõְ취ʵоͻơ
ȴǲ֪֮ܽģＰȫԻŻͶȡɽʵֵġ
ЩνߣֻڶʱǿĻܣӵǿǵȴ޷õӣͨ˸ӵĶҲҶ첻ΪȻҪԭ
˴Ȼһ£˵ˣҶЩ֮⣬˵һЩڰμδᣬʲôˣǾͲ֪ˡ
ڰˣǿص˰ɣѪԴӢôŲμӵأ
Ҷ۾ǸڿԳΪѪļһļ仹Ǻ̵ģʱ죬һ﷭ڶԷϡ


905 
ѪؼɷʱҶ󷨹ԿؾȫûЧǽ֮ҶҲǳļɵԴߵÿԿ󱳻Ȼ⵱ʱҶҲ˺ܴĳ
Ȼڶº޻֮ǱɱģҶΪԶ飬ǲҴ⣬ϾûкѪʵʵĶϹҶҲ֪νĵ¿ʲôı¡
ôﰡˮڣѲɻЩѪ𣿡
ҶԳЦЦȻ޷ݳ˴δĽҶҲûӦΣĴڣͷˣҲ˵˴δûʲôΣա
ҶþóĬ˳ֶХ쵹ϵĲˮ˴Ϊæվ˵ҶҪûʲôĻϢһ£ȥʹûУ
ʹˣҲϵĻӭȡɣҲ̫ϲֳϡ
Ҷ캰ס˹˴һ֮󣬿ʵϹˣʿĹӦþɣҪпգȥһˣЩҪ֧ȡ
齫ľħɽʱҶӹӢ϶һԿףĸѺҶ֪Կǿʿбƾݣֱ֮ϡ٣ޱҲֻŶδ
Կ׷ҶҲкüʱˣȻҶҲܺ湬嵽ʿıʲôһֱûʱ鿴˴Ҳǽᣬ⿪ǰûĸԴ
ҶĻ󣬹˴˿ֱЩΪѵ˵Ҷʿܲ٣ڱҲ칫˰
ʿ˵ŷ޶ԶǷǳԣģܿɣ°ʱ䣬ûԸΪ˽ǮټӰ࣬ʿǿĵϵͳɸֿ֧͹ˡ
٣ǵģˡ
ֱҶҲЩ˼׶صʿһ죬Ѿˣ˰֣Ҷ˵ϹˣһȥɣҺХϢ¡
˴˵ͷ֪Ҷ첻뱻˴ţ˵õģҶ˰͸
ʦҸһȥ治֪ЩСʲô
ХǸҶһȥ飬ȻҲʮֺ棬弸񾡳Ϊ˶ȡԿ׺ͱ䣬Ųа͵Ķһ쳣
ָоĶ͡ƱͼЩ
Ҷ˵ŻȡղصǱоȴҲʶȥ̽鱳Ǹˣ֮ǰڷɻԪƺҪʱĸоҶڶ¡
ʦ⻹ǡƱͼôģ
ХΪԶҶ죬ڷɻʱֻ˹ֵǸ߿еˣûע⵽Ʊͼı仯ֻҶʱһۣ˿̲סĿҶⱾֻҳĹŹֲоϡ
ҶΪͱⶫɵԪХԪδɣǸӵסХҶæѵСģǧҪʶ̽죡
ʲôХ챻Ҷ˵һ飬æջͷųһ˿ʶȳԹƱͼоĿʮСģûܵʲô˺
ջʶХЩɻ̧ͷ˵ʦҵʶӴⶫʮ
Ҷһ£ʶӴʲôط
ХСĵָһŰɫֽţ˵ﰡ
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ףǣϢ
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ͷɻ̽ȫһģһǹ֮ƺǿ࣬ûҶκεķӦһʶͱָɵˣҶԪܵЩ΢˺
ģ̫ˣⲻԪ񣬶һӰ쵽˵־
ӱɵԪдһҶڶ̶̵һ˲䣬ڻߵĴĮУΧûһ˿֮䣬񾡶Ӱһ㡣
Ҷһǲо˲ͷϵ亹˵Х죬ⶫǧ̫ܿаˣֱ찡
ɫɫҶҲ͸ʲôˣԿ϶ԲǴ˵ռԵġƱͼǺ˽ֿ֮лȥģʲô
˸СĿҶҲĥоˣԪܵ˵˺ҲҪָһ£˼ȥˣʹרãҲХȥӴġ
󣬹ȻҪԪ񰡡
ڶ˵ӵʱҶŴ붨״̬˹Щεҡҡͷսʧôһ˿ʶһҹĹ޸ȻشѹƣҶΪÿһޱȡ
Ҷܼû챾ӭģ˵ѾϢˣûҴţ
Ҷ߳С¥ʱһʮ˾ӭҶûмܴʹЩΪԼҶ죬ˡ
ԭܴʹҶ쿴ܼûӣЦЩۣϢˣǹ˴ʹһƬ⣬Ҷĳԣ
ǼûдܲǣҶ˵ҪȥУҪͬȥɣ
ܼûһˣպعкܴԸһ⽻ĸԶǧҪдõˣҲǷǳӡ
ǵǲãϹȥˡ
ҶǺεˣȻܼܿûеĻ֣̿ЦĲÿҿʵɫظԲ񣬿²þҪعְҶĳȹϲܴʹ˰
ظѧж°͵һֳƺܼû°ͿȥԲʵҿڳʷΣһ츳ǳں˹ͨ´ЩǼٵࡣ
ܼûþºȻΪҶһ仰ϲɫҶ첻ԸԼͬ󣬵ֺĹ˴˵ллҶԣȻˣҾôȥɣ
˴˹˵ҶӶѾ׼ˣھ𣿡
ھߣ
ʹͣһŷ⽻յҶ˵ͷȻ⽻յĳвȨҲעĿһЩҪ鷳


906 
ҶҪȥУȫʿмţ1998ʱʿмʿмźϲɣڹɷݹһЩʿеĹɷݣڽҵĵλܶ˶ΪʿĹС
ʿʲҵȵʲҵͶʵУ˽˷ҲȵλΪİٶ˺ҵṩ
1912ͼкикϲɵģͼ1862꽨ʿ·ͨͼи1863꽨ϣʩ̩ǵи׷ԴŵʷҲڰˡ
ޱʽתҶ֮ǰѯֱʿи˸ͷʮת˽ȥĿͻڶרŵרΪҶҲûٹġ
ӴʹݳСʱҶλĵʿеܲǰƵĴ¥Ҷ̲ס̾ǮڿΪʲôôϲˣ
ʿеܲ޽ķǳɣĽܹԳһָ˵Ϣڴ¥Ȼĵط־ԵԿɵͼUBSϴſڽȺʾзæҵ
ʦҿ˵ĽȾкüףЩѣ
޽ХѹͲģǶҶղŵĻЩȤֲڹڣùļҵĻ˵˹ȥڣ͵Ǳ˹ֻһ֮ˡ
üƨôòһҾܸи
ҶƲƲ죬УҶ컹ûܵסɽĲʣκξֽҶıɽ¶Ƕһ㣬׵ؾܽ˺ѡ
Х۾˵ģʦҪȻҲȥȡˣɴҹЩչ񶼴ˣҪжٺö
һȥҪȫͨˣһô뿪ء
ҶûصͽһۣҪĳҲֻ͵ġ
Ҫ֪ΪĽڻ֮һľʩҲģҶȻȥΣܸߣһͻþġ
ǿϧˣ˵Ǻ̫˲ǮҪܡ˳Ҳ
ХһϧɫҪȴȥͣĹ˴һȥҲеõۣɴվſںԶڵľңûرǵɳǿ
Ҷʲôĵôİ
˵䣬ͣ˳ӵĹ˴˹ô뵽ʦͽղıôء
ûʲôϹˣȥɣҶЦЦͷ߽ʿеֹܲһôһУôûаԱأѵĲ
ҶҶе㲻Ծ
һ뵽ޱȵĴҶĹ˴վס˽ŲΪ˵ǰд˿һ˶ûУֻһȫװİԱʮڶǹڡ
ôţѵе˸ǽ
ҶҲɵŤͷǴ˿ҲûеĸˣҶ췢֣ǽĴţѾѸٵعرҶ˵·
ҿǶԸǵģ
Ҷ׹ˣʱͷеһʿ˼ʮڵ𣬲˵ģܹҲǸͻɣоַʽӭӿˣ
ǻͼУˣ˫־ٹͷѲ飡
Ҷ콫ҪʱһʮװĵİߵЩǹʵİԱһӢ˵аɭ¶ҵĵ飬ǽǹȨ
ƺҶӢｲ黰֮ɭ¶Ȼһĺ︴һ飬˵ʱϻ¶һ˿顣
֪ˣԭſڲأǵĶԻ
ɭĻҶХ̶¶˿ЦղźĻмظȥˣŰڳ֮Ļӭʽ
ҲҶһֱѹԼΪŵԭγĻô޷ǵĶԻġ
ɭ룬ǲʲô᣿
Լſںǳ¶ҶȻҲûɷˣӢ˵һˣеĿͻҲǰҵģǲӦôԴԼϵۣ
𣿿ƺԴкȤ
ɭҡҡͷ˵Ϊеİܣάеİȫ롭ҲӦǵĵ飬˫ְɣ
Ҷ룬ſڣٰװʮϵͷÿһеˣᱻطӦڡ
ʿзٰĴֻ࣬ڰʮʱ򣬵ŷĴȦɹôһ׮ӣʮAK47ɹһУͬΪй˵ҶǣȻԱرע
պܲɭͬһЩģ˱¼µǶĵһӦҶҳеġ
ɭطڶӿ˶ʮİǵһ飬ϾͿ˽ԤǰһĻ
ɭţܲĶ³һͨڹעĶ̬ͦͦظ˵ʿзȨвϵɷӵģλǲҪκεĽ˼룡
̵ģⶼʲôʲôҶЦõؿХ죬˵Х죬Ժǧסͽӿڳ
ҶǸղûʲô
ҶХǰƺ⣬˴ȴеŲסˣںɭйפʿʹݵһ٣ҽй˴ϴ绰ȥ飬ǵоһģ
פʹԱ
ɭһ£ǣ⽻񣬺ɲһССİܳеģɵͷȥߵ仰Ͳ˵˲Ǹ˵ݡ
ɭδ䣬Ȼ˶³ŭ˲ƨϽǹĿˣ
³˵ĿˣɭЩɵˣô벻ףĿˣΪλشſأ
ֻǻûɭ´ﳷ˵ĵݺȻˣһλʮеĵİߣ˵ӵ£ӵ˳
߹ɭߵʱ˺ݺݵصһۣһδͣҶǰӣſ˵Ҷʵ̫ǸˣǹҴʿУʾֿǸ⣡


907 
ķ⡭ôһ°
³ǸɭĴԶʱһƬհףΪŵܲü涭³ķĴʱһЩСⳤˣܵõӭӡ
ǰйôȥʲôˣվﻹŤ壬ͺͽС࣬ôֵýķأ
ˣǹķֱͷݺݵصһɭѵҪ֧һǲɢѣϳȥ𣿡
⼸仰ķ˵ģȻڸɭӣϾ﹤˶ʮ꣬һ֮⣬ûֹʲôء
죬㶼ǹ³Ļɭγѣ´ЩԱѾǹû˻ûȤǹڶԼϰġ
Ҷʵڲ˼ᣬҴжһԳֿǸ⣡
ͷҶ죬ķ϶ʱЦݣôнٰ˺󣬵һʱͽƵӵԼİ칫ҡ
Ļԣʱܺ͹̾֯Խϵģڽķ׼Ҷͷ͸̾֯ȷ϶ԷݵʱȴҶǾ仰
Ҷ˵еĿͻķæҶͷ뵽еݿУǿϵͳ˼ӣͰҶеϵ˳
ҶڵĴķƨҲסˡ
ȻʮŲܴһʽ𣬵ȴ˽ݴģ˽˲ƸˣҲýķˡ
Ҫ֪׸ȶǴģʿе˽˴ֻʮ𣬵ȻҪǻɹ˾˻ҶǼʮͲʲôˣŵʲڼġ
ǽķɣͨ绰ҶЦŰ˰֣˵ûʲôղŷֻ˵еİʩܺϸҶڽǮʾʮְģ
йģȻԽٰ쳣еģҶ֪ХĶԻзĿֻţŵ¼ķҪ׷ȥĻҲ̫ÿ
ҶʲôҵҪȥ̸ɣ
Ҷ£ķҲ˿¶ȥٻһЩӰġ
ЩҵҪҶعͷԹ˴˵ϹˣǱϢһᣬҰ¾ͳ
õģҶ㣡˴ǿ۽磬ǱʮǹţȻж³ԳǸ̶̵ļʱ䣬ĵӰһ㡣

ˣȥɣ
뵽лڣһλĸƷƯŮ˿ȣķ˻ֽŮ˳ȥЩ˵˼ܱԼԽӴˣһ缶ĸҪܱǿϵĻһˡ
ҶʱҪʲôҵģŮ󣬽ķҶ죬˵Ҫҽеҵͬ
ΪеĶ³ķҪĿɲǽӴרҵҵȻרҵʿÿô綥ҵɴʲôˣ⻰ζҪˡ
ҶöԷе˼Ц˵Ҫһ䣬ķ¿ȥæ
Ŷҽиҵɣ
ķ˵ͷϵĵ绰Ը˼ϵ绰˵ҶһЩҪͲˣڰҵĹУҪʲôĵطֱͶߵġ
ãллҶԹеķǳ⡣Ҷ˵ͷ˳ְѿڴǰѽԿϰ
ףҶҶôԿף
վ׼뿪ĽķĿȻҶеԿסˣ¶˲ŵɫҶܰԿ׸ҿ𣿡
ȻԣҶֽԿ׵ݸ˽ķ
СĵؽӹԿףȥؿӺ󣬽ķ૵Ȼ3űԿףû뵽ȻҶϣʧʮˣ
ǰ˵ŵǰʿУ1912ͺϲͼки齨ģչսʱڵʱƳһΪֺšĴ洢ҵ
ʲĺ͵ʱյƣֱ٣Ϊͻܵԭ䣬вûеǼκεϣԿˡ
ϡٵı䣬Ѹٵõ˵ʱһЩʿܿͱһա
ӵֱļ壬һʷƾѪͳ߹ʹֺű䣬˵ҲһݺҫʮУЩһֱЩ˵ĺʹš
Ψһ䣬ҲǱΪ3ı䣬ȴǴûпķÿһֺű䶼ָƣڼҶԿ׺ϾǸδı䡣
ҶԿôᵽأ
ķ֪ҶԿ׵ǱҶ츸׶Ҫ󣬿϶Ҷӱģķţⳬ͵ʱΧԿһഫĹ£Դ˿Ҳѹֲסеĺ棬˳
ķֻҪԿףܿǸɣ
ҶЦҡҡͷĿȴЩͷŵĶ³ôʳ˲רҵ⣿Ըôشܲ˵һٶСİɣ
ŶԲðˣ
ע⵽Ҷ飬ķҲ֪Լ˸æ˵ҶԿ׵ȷԿ䣬ҪҵǩУԵһ£Ϊȥ
ʱҵҲ˻ңϸ֤Կ׺Ҳȷ3űԭԿɡ
ǩصһļǩ󣬽ķҶ˵Ҷɲܴȥ䣬ֻһ˽ȥ
ҵڹһרԸҵԴһЩԼļľʩҪнӵܣΪ˱֤һʧʱֻһ˽롣
Х죬ңҶ˵ͷλµ뿪˻ҡ
ҶԴⶰµİ칫¥ɺ󣬼ܲеı䶼е
Ҷ촩üʩܵĴź˽뵽˵Ҷ췢֣Яǵ绰ûźš
˵ݣһԼҵİɫţǹʵľԱڽ˽ķǩļʵóһԿףͬеԿףһ뵽Ǹϡ
ͬʱķһɰλɵ룬ͬʱšԿףһڱˡ


908 ĲƸ
ڿһź󣬲¿Ҷ죬˵ҶֻԼȥͣʱΪСʱעպʱ䣡
ͨбɹԱͬҵͬʿǽ˼£νͻ˽Լ֪ͻڱڲʲô
ȻֻһЩ߶˿ͻҵ񣬲ڿͻԸǩ±ЭЧģĿͻӲ˵Լڱڲϡ䱦ʧҲ޷˵ġ
ֺű˵Щ⣬յķÿԿ϶Ƕһ޶ģǵĹ޷ƳصƷԿ׳֮⣬˭޷á
˵ʱ򣬲µݸҶһ䣬ǿյģҶװʲôǶȨ鿴ģҲֺűͻһȨ
߽ȥ֮ҶǰһԼʮ׵ȣĽ룬ȶϵԶӦ֮һ죬ȴȺ׶űرˡ
ȻǴڵ£ͨʩȻ޽ļΪҶû˿Ƶĸо߹ŵЩɫͻҲ̶ȵؼǴڷտռѹָо
ડ
ϻҶĽŲ˼֮Ҷ췢֣ÿ׵ľ룬һһƽҵıţϵıʮʮ׵ľ룬ֻ˰˸䣬ɼֱϡ
ҶֵǣЩûһԿ׿׵ĵطһƴСɨĻ֮⣬һ飬Ҷ첻ͷųʶ̽ȥ
Щ䶼ʲôʴƵģ
źҶϵһ¶˾ɫΪԼʶȻ޷͸Щ䣬ЩƺһֿԸʶĲʡ
ҶЩ𾪣ΪԴӲʶ֮󣬲ܶȶôߵĽ޷ֵʶʴ˱ǵĵط֮⣬ʶ޷Σǵһη
ѵЩںʯ
һϣҶϸϸظӦ˼Ӻ˼ÿơ
Ӹղŵ̽Ҷ췢֣һĽֽ̺һֲȻϡ٣ƷȴǷǳĸߣҶʶһͬѩһڻ
ԼǾ֮ܰϻ̫Լ֪ˡ
ǰںХδе飬Ҷ첻ԳЦȥʱڸղصһֻȭͷСʯмΣû뵽ıչУȫʯ
ҡҡͷߵ˱ΪıǰҶóǰԿףԿ׵ʲҲʮֵ⣬һִԣʹҲ˿ˡ
Կ׽ӴɨĻʱ򣬡֡ɨĻ·ǿ޷ֿһԿ׿׵С¶˳
ǰȻֿƼ
ǰһĻҶʱզ಻ѣڽѧʱ򣬶ΪּǺȽĿƼû뵽ԸӦڰǰѾиӦõʵ
Կײ뵽ǸϵȱĿ׶֮Կ׸ͲҪҶŤȻԶת
ת˼Ȧֻ֮žǡһ죬ǳ˰͵ıţⵯ˳˿ɬ·űرյһ㡣
ɶ칤
Ҷ鲻Խظ̾һʿҵӵױȵľǺɵģ˷ʩ֮⣬ǵӲҲǱ޷֮ġ
֪Ϲʲô
ŵıţҶҲڴձȨıձʦŵʦųʱӵľ󲿷ֲƸ뵽˱С
ֻ֮󣬼гʣһЩƽ֮⣬мֵߵıʯԼձĵȫʧˣҲñսķչ֮ͣҲձķˡ
ӢǱ뵽飬Ͷ˽ǼƵ꣬ΪѰұµʿеԿ׺ƾ֤ܴ򿪱µı䣬۷硣
ֻ컯Ūˣ͵ıǴˣеˣȴǺͱ˸Ӷ򲻵һҶ죬ǱӢ۵֪Ļ֪뷨
ҡҡͷҶֽһЩڵʦʦų֮ĶҲʮֵĺ档
ţʲô
Ҷ֮ǰûͷųʶ۲죬ǵźһȴûӦҶҲ֪޵õˡ
ˣȻһʶ޷ӵĶ
Ҷ첢ûмȥ鿴Ǽɢ޾ʶһƽСıȫɨһ飬ǣڱĽһƴСľУȻܸʶĿ̽
ⱱӦŷ̵˰ɣҶ쿴ⱣĶ̲סģСձ˶ŷ𣬻ɱӣҲʮ˲
ⱣʮСһĽܷĸԼʮ֣СֻаƴСȫɴƶɵġ
¹棬ǶŸɫϧıʯ׳Ƶ£˸Ĺ󣬳еЩº
ʯⶫǼֵư
Ҷǵˣɲŷ𣬽Щ񶼰߽Ϻ߰˸ֻаƴСϺóɵСӣǰһǷϱʯĿһſʯҶǰ
ʦųϷʦų
ʹҶӵеĲƸڿЩʯҲĿɿڴ˸װʯĸ꣬Сһ꣬ʮϣʹûĥȻɢʯĹʡ
ЩĥʯƯˣ治һЩ꣬ͷǳ㣬иĹպܸߣҶˣҲĿѣҡ
Щʯֵ¶Ҫ10ˡҶµظʯ˸۸Ҫǽ鱦΢һӹ۸񻹻ᷭһҲ˵
ЩȫɴƵģǰ˸ߵķҲҪٽƽܴƳʮ˸زһңҲֵüˡ
ڱһЩֵ޷ýǮˣΪЩձ֤඼綫ЩеģЩطеĵؼ۶ԣԻһ֡
ֻҶҲ֪ЩǷ񻹾зЧӦձϵĻֻǷֽһѡ
һ֮Ҷ콫ǰ˴ʯŵڴҶ첢ôȤΪСĲֵǮְ᲻ߣˡ


909 ϲ
ǮõĶҶ˵ѾûκˣҪǿ⼸ʯЯҲӵȥġ
˽Լʯ֮⣬滹вټƷ䣬еѪеĴΣѵһļƷҶȻװ뵽
⵽Ǹʲô
걣д󲿷ֵĶҶ콫Ŀ׼һúˮƵĺӣںɢˮɫʣҶȴ޷
ţⶫѽĪǷҷ
ùˮУһŨִʱ׷뵽Ҷڣдƴƺһ˿Ӱ֮Ҷüͷ
ϳ޵֮⣬Ҳ޷ˣҽǰշ˵سɷȻϵͬ;ͬ飬Ƕ׷Խޣȥֻ
ֻһ㲻ͬǾǵҲ˼伲ľǿԼŬ
һͬʱҲڽ˼䴫ҾҪͽͽĤݺ;γһ֮һЩ¸ɮͽ
Ҷиܵһ˿֮ԲŻˮһҲ𼸷ֺ棬ʦԪ߱ϱδ̲Ũķ
ףʲô
ҶǸֻӤƴСˮк˲סˣ沢ʲô֮ķƷһɫмΪָһ
ҶкȻһ⣬ѿڶ
νָǷĲ𻯺ɫףɫڣɫ࣬ΪšŽ̲𡱣ԣͳΪŴʥ
йƴƳλʵӭӷÿξǽȣɲʣ伫Զһ㷨£ǹҴ䣬ɼƳ֮
ʹִҲǧŵӣִһöĵ¡ķ֡
1987510գŹԱڷµعڵعеıJ
ĺǡһľУѾãƶɫ̶ںУΪ״鲻壬ľУǲʾŲ㣬㻨ɫ죬ȡһʾʱһ̽ס
״ľǰ˵ʻһмֻųβ͵ķڲͷɣͷơ
ССǰм俪ȾµСţһСɵĽϸžſС𶤣ϸһִͯӣͯͷв䡣
ϵһëʨװϣһλ׵ĽʿִִСһ񻨵Ľ״ϡ
˵ķͱ֮С
ˣںķУֽöЭ⼸öΪҲ˳Ϊ̳ݵʥء
ӦҲǸû뵽Ĳȥ֮󣬾ȻǡҶ첢ŷȻҲôöڷҵ쳣ķʥ
ĲӦҲһλˣҶһɣΪҶͲ²ⲻˣƾĲԲźµöָǣΪҲڽϵģ˵ԪӤڵĴء
ͬΪı֮վԼֲŷպҲò𣡡
ҡҡͷҶ콫ǷŻصˮԷ֮˶ԣһ֮ķ޷֮ղΰݣշ˵Ҳܳɷõء
Ҷ˵ⶫûʲôˣ֮ȻãܹҪ˳ĤݲܲҲ׻˵ҷҶԸûôӰҲͶȻǼһĴˡ
̾˿ҶûˮзղЩҪ¶ˣǽеĶ
һľʵЩر𣬿Ӧþˣ
Ҷ콫ڱһ˳֮һ㶣ΪӶƮƮģûһһ㣬ҶһǿľͷƵĺӣȴ˿һӡû֡
ҶǺεΪһ󣬾ǾҲữɷĩûܵ˿ˣһԣǸ޼֮ˡ
ţ⡭ǡƱͼĲоҶľУ۾Ķ֮˺Ȼľһԭء
ľֻһŷǽֽţȻдšƱͼֽ֣ɢҶԿ϶áƱͼһ֣ҲƱͼķҳ
Ȼͼһ֮νġƱͼѾƫʷļأһҶ춼ĥ͸ĶǵҳǸѪġ֣Ҷ˿Ȼ¡
ԼҳûȥǲǾܼƱͼеأ
˴Ҷ첻ȻĶǡƱͼоֳأʦԪԸҶӿ࣬ǳڴһҳǲоں֮Ҫı仯
ȥȥ
ʱҶԺֻôһͷҴҵڱһ֮󣬷ûʲôĶҶӵر
ǡ꣡
ȫرպ󣬲Կ׿ǰԿԶתꡱһԿԶⵯһأȻعرˡ
ڵˣҲֹհɣ
ҶȡԿףȥǵź棬ȴ濪ţȥʱ࣬ҶֱתŵһԲұתȦȺ׵ĴţϢش汻ˡ
еõҲ⣬ûзϣǲܱ򿪵ģҲ˵뵽һǳԿ׵ˣΪˣȻǰȨˡ
Ҷˣ
һֱȺĲ˵˾ûӪĻ۾Ҳ鲻ԽؿҶеӣΪ֪ܱ˱ЩڵĶóκһΪ֮𶯵ġ
ţ߰ɣҪȥˣ
Ҷޱĵ˵ͷʵȴֿ˻ôû뵽Լ˼ҹһƱͼĲҳȻ׵ؾ͵ˣҶҲֺܲʵĸо
ͨʩܵĴţҶͲ»صеĻڣŵĶ³ķûг֡
Ҷ첻֪λͷڰ칫ת˺üȦǿѹסԼȥΪԼĺģҶѯʹڱ
ʦҵöˣ޷ҶеϲХȴһ۾Ϳ˳


910 
ţиܲĶиȥ֪ˡ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷҵһƱͼĲоҶҲоڤڤ֮ƺһ˫֣ڰ̬ķչӺͱϾѾעˡ
ʦʲôöХ֪ʦ۽ģܱ֮ΪܲĶǿ϶ͬ죬ҪǻХϾͻȥ鿴ġ
ʲôͷ͸ȥʦǺӵļˡ
ХһＱӣҶ첻ЦԼԼǰȻһ㵥ʵҲѾǶһˣõĺܶﶼЭ׻ȥġ
ٺ٣ллʦХԴϲҶóֵܲˣ
˵ſڣѾӵϢĹ˴ѽʻ˹Ҷĳ뿪µߺλϽӵ˽ķٻȴǶ³Ƿ֪Ҷõʲô
ȻķעҪʧˣ˵ǺҶϵ׽һЩĹ˴ҶصǶС¥֮ҲҶ˸ڸ˳ȥ
ʦܴ𣿡
˴˳ȥХ˫֣͵ؿҶƽڲ輸ϵ䣬δγԪ񣬲ܿ쵽﾿Щʲôһ·ޱˡ
ţԼɣҶ˵ͷ֪ԼӴСϻδ죬ԽǮҪȳǿôһ㣬Ķסġ
⡭ô౦ʯ
֮Х۾ʱֱˣ֮Ǳ磬˸Ÿֹıʯڵƹ£ֳһֹĿɫʣҶҲ΢΢ͷûбʯҫ۾
ʦЩǱСµģ
Х૵ǵ̵䰡顭ƷҲﵽ˲̵֣ģƷ䣬ѵõ䶼𣿡
ХҶƽڹɹ֮꣬ǰҲǵĹԹʯԭЩ裬˿̴Եؿһ飬ʱıʯ˳
ʦһЩѪļƷ챦ʯ֮⣬ӶˣǼƷ䣬Щ䣬ټֵϣһ𣡡
һЩƷʼѵıʯ֮ХԼһʯһĲƷϡһٿʯֵ޷
ôࣿΪֵأӵĻҶҲǳһȻĹʯ治֪Щֵ
Ȼˣʦ𣿡
Х˸߲ҵһȭͷСε䣬˵ɫһеߵ̣֪𣬾ָһСĵ̽涼ֵôһ飬ĥƳٽ氡
ֻԴĿݽߣ۸һǣܶ༫ƷۼѾʯȻֻޣгϿɶϣ֮ʯвġ
ǮҶ˵ѾûκεˣХĻ̲ס°ͣٺЦͷⶫ͸ϰֵ֣ܵùǷϼͻ˰ɡ
ԱǻļֵߣХͷСһ㣬֪ҶҪ͸ʦֻؽ˻ȥ
ХǷģҶ̲סЦǵϢﻹкöأֱһ߰ɣ
ʯ죬ȫʮϵꣿ⡭ЩȫǵģХһﵹʯ۾ɵĸӴˡ
Ȼ뵽Ĳر쳣ķ񣬵ХҲûõЩļֵ֮ߣЩʯ¾͵ֵȫ֮ڸƷʯĲˡ
ʦʲôö
鿴ıʯ֮Х쿴Ҷ죬֪ʦ۽磬ǿЩýǮֵĶģҶϣмı
ҶЦ˵սɣѹ˴ʹʹס˼Ҫðɡ
ǸѵҪָһХ첻һ䣬ʵʵؽ뵽õ绰ʹ͹˴˹
Ҷô׵𣿡ߴҪٿˣҶʱܴʹĹģƵ浽
ˣܴʹϹˣʶһҲԵ֣ǵ㶫ɣҶЦЦӿڴͳǸˮУݵܼûǰ
Ҷôأ
ҶóǸˮвʹ磬ȻǷƷܼûɿЦפ⹤ԱļǺϵģܹ˵ҲҪдϱңҶⶫǼա
¼ǵƶģʹһٲֵǮҪϱģô⽻Աһֱɣ˸˽
ⶫǸǵģתҵģҶƲƲ죬˵ҪǲҪɱڰҪأ
𰡣ҶתǵȻԴˣ
ҶĻܼû۾һùˮк˳־͸ˣʲôѵһָ
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ҶôҲǶܼûãΪϣԸĤݵĻԸԼӳȥ֣ҪĴ治Ҳ˰ٲж
ҶҶ˵ģҶĻܼûԭ΢ЦһӱýӲȻҶĻסˡ
ȻҲйԴģɷϵǣڷͽڹڵԶԶڵ̵ģڲصصڽռĵطڽȻŵصȶ
ЩôһֱŰֶΣηĳ֣ҶӣҲ˺ܸߵۺ͵λ̨ʱ򣬾˾޴ĺ䶯
˵ڷ֮УױȵҪλҪǹöĻǽһʢ£ҲڹҵİŽġ
ΪһʹŷڽռĵطܼûȻ֪öļֵ̲ס¶һ˿еɫǾ˳Ĺ˴Щ¶Щɻ󲻽ؿŲϱɫܴʹ
ǧȷǷܴʹҪǲҪҿֱ˰
Ҷ콫öͳȥҲԼĿǣĲȻ󣬵ҶЩ֮˲á
ҶΪѵǣܽı۵ĸȥǾǶԷ治ȫķŵӶҶʷġ


911 һ
˼ȥҶǾңͬΪıΪӵܣ̸˵˵ˣҶĿУĲֻΪгɵķǰѣɽֹ
ҪҶΪڽҵ˴ˣ
ҶȷϵĻ󣬼ʹܼûþºϲŭɫҲ̲סҶǧͽһо汣ģ
ԷŵӶԣһöһʢ£Ƕܴʹ˵ַҲһĹͣ׵صְҲˮɵˡ
ҪӣҶȻʧЦ˰˵ҪܻˣҲԲˣ˲󼺣ǿʲôҪ
Ҷ˵ǣΨǲЩġ
ܼûΪҶ˵ϵǿⲻ֪ǰˣڹŴҲ½һȻĲֿһɵʦҲԶˡ
Сպܼ֮ûҶ죬˵ҶҪμӵǸᣬһׯ԰ھУҪʲô׼𣿡
ܼûҪٰĽ֪ĲǺϯܵĵ绰һʮҪΪеĻж¶һ˼ǾҪҶе
ҶЦҡҡͷ˵ˣȥϢɣҺϹļ䣡
ãҾͲˣ
ܼû˵ͷվԭͲһϵͳģ˴鱨ҲȾָģõöѾǸ֮ϲˣܼûûжҶԸ˸е
ҶЩ㱨ء
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Ǻǣ뾳˿治ٰҶӹǵӡֽµɨһۣЦϹˣȷǶǲμߴԱ
ʮҳӡֽϣнǧ֣ÿֺ඼صϣɼ˴鱨ĻǱȽϸµġ
ȻҶҲţԼХ֣Ҳ͹ڱ鱨֯ˡ
Ҷʮӵģõ鱨ޣ
˴ɫЩ΢˵Щϵˣ඼ˣҸоֻΪ˸Щ߷ģ޷ȷ˭ܲμӴᣡ
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Ҫ֪ΪʿһǱȽϵ͵ģʱ䣬ȴΪ߲Ŀĵ㣬ⳡνĳߴᣬǣŲ˵񾭣ΪΪս֮һû̵ս
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ҶĿȻһ϶סˣ΢ЦɣȻһ˿ɱ⣬û뵽šɳҲμδˣպãͰʦֺⳡԹɣ
˵һλ̩ʦԵԪšɳй飬̤йؽһ
ȴҿ̩λʦ͵Ϯһغ
һû⿪ʱšɳĵ޷ֽίУԶɱҶ죬ûȴǱҶ췴ɱ˫ĳԹ޿ɻˡ
ףάͶʤֻ̩˳֮ѣšɳʱ̩޵Ҷ첢ûǰֻֻССϺ
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ҶὫдšɳֵĸӡֽ˹ȥٶҲѾλ̩ʦ̡
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ҶȻֿϤ֣һĹȭ˹ά˹³Ҷ쵱ڶ˹ףǺúõؽ˸һأҶæûȥ鷳
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Ȼǣöأ
ҶЦЦվ¥ȥ뷿һյĵط˻֣ʱһͷ񣬶ڷŵģҶǱƱͼо
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Х죬
ҶһЦӻȡǸƽľУûӣֱӴľУƱͼŹζĴӳ뵽Х֮С
ȻǡƱͼķҳХηḻҲû뵽ҶóľȻǡƱͼһ֣ԹⶫĴЩɣ֪ԼǷҳ鿴һ
ûХתԽľиϢĲҳͨȻ˵ɫĹâ
ͬʱϵǱѾ֮ܳΪƱͼĲоҲ˿˿ľеĲҳǵõٻһ㣬ȻӺз˳žһ죬ǲо֮ϡ
䣡
һε𲨴Ӻ϶ΪһġƱͼŰȥžڶȴǶ¥ҵĴԱ鿪ҶХ죬ҲƵòˣֻؿһŰ׹⽫鼮
ʲôطȻôǿҵ
ʿļ¹ݺǼƵУüι״ͬʱҶλÿȥ


912 ϣ
νߣָӵӦǿ͸ӡԤ֪ӰʵȵĳȻˣһУ벻ʹúƿء
ˣı仯쳣еģҶľǹɾ첨󣬳˻¶֪۵ߣȴˡ
ҶסΪĵ㣬˷ȥڿγһһεѹǵصܸӦͷ
һʱ䣬ƺðеĶﶼˣһЩܷͺöѩȮβɪɪһҿԡ
ʲôΪʲô鶼ս
ʵǿ߽ضס˲ķͷȻ֮ѹ֮£˲һ˿˼ǾԶЩѾĤˡ
ʦҡҳŲסˣ
Ҷסʮˣ˴ѹʱڷеҶˣǾٲά裬ХѾǹؼѹǽ֮ϣë׶Ѫ˿ǸѪһ㡣
ģֲԬҪֿһҪ
ҶΪԶХ죬ǹȻӴȴҶ컹俹⣬˼֮Ҷ˫žһ㣬ض˵ϣƾǹҲûһ
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Ҷѽ쾳磬ľѪ֮Ҳ̺ǿͬС˵μǡеһ㣬ȻҶѪڳϣٻпܵġ
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ʦҪ֪ġƱͼ֪θأҶЩЦõؿⱾȴǾþ޷
Ԫһ׷ѰƱͼ䣬ܵȫһĹȴûνǧͼֻΪ˶Ŀġ
һΪһΪ⾿Ǹʲôأ
뵽ʲ֮ߵľģҶҲЩ֮ʱȫעǻͲ֪£λ֮ȴⶫһ˿ηĸо
һ£Ҷͷųһ˿ʶ뵽Ȿ֮Уǣʶ˳ضУ֮ǰǡ֮һʱҲʧˡ
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ҶŬ뿴ԺгֵĶȴǸһ޷̽õҶ̲ס˴ֿڣѾԼϵڵģ˺ʹ졣
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ҳֽϣ˷ġֺ͵ҳġ֮⣬ûһˣʹҶͷųԪ۲죬ûܴ濴κεּ
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˴ĻҶȻѣһץǾ飬һʹĴ˳ȥ˴ûüգ۾ҶͬȰسǰ
඼ˣˣʱͲХڷУ
ҶֶָХϣƬ֮üͷʱͻʱԼҪȫǹѹûϸȥ鿴ХΣȴû뵽˵֮ء
ХʱǱһ۵Ļײһ㣬帹ܵ˺ЩطѾ鿪ҪХ챾ҲǺ۷Ϊͻָʮֵǿһغˡ
ްƣպˣ
һҩ뵽ХУҶüͷˡ


913 £
ʵƶХԣҲʲôʶѾԪת䣬ڵ󲿷ֶתţֻһܽ죬ǿ޸Ƶġ
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ҶԣطȴǺãΪֻҪ˶ɱҸжϾܸӦõ뽫طǳ˵Ρ
ܼûҶ콫Х˵ұ߽ǵһŵ˴ϣĿ⿴ֵ顣
ⶫٹڵմ϶Լ֪ãХƣǾҪ档
Ҷһ£ҳӿȥŵ룬Ǳƹһ㣬ͨ巢ڰֹ󣬰ɫ˿ʣɫԵЩĪ⡣
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зɫʵ飬ҶӴŵͣεǣƾȻֻɢֹâȴûκεı仯
ģʲôôûУҪ
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ϸ΢ı仯ȴҶһּɢæŹעʳָ֮ϣǰҳдˡХ족֡
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ⱾĹͣ
Ҷ¶Цݣ˵ֻҪҳд֣֮ղܵˣǱģ˵㲻Ǽ
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Х̲סҳͻȻӦ˹ָǺɫҳĿİͰ͵˵ʦǡɫɢ֮ɴˣ


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ХеʺҶһ£̶˼˵˻ǣǲƹܵһ㣬Զˣ
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ҶԣⱾûֹڴˣҶΪ磬˶ԵУͲʹȫΪĻͻ٣ʹǰɽ׽١
ҶԵеʱͻ࣬ȻûгԣҶžǺԼΪ൱ˣҲ޷ֵ
ȥɣղֳĶɲСв۵ҡ
ƾҶȻԸڵˣպ˷ص˵ķڡ
Ҷûˣ
͹˴˵ŻܼûҶ˳۾鲻ԽطХϣŽȥʱХȻһϢɴ˿̳˻Ѫ֮⣬ﻹóһ˿˵ӣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ûˣҪȥϢһ£֮ǰҪҡ
Ҷķ˲ٵţһЩʯһĹ㹻Ҷ콫ĵŲˡ
صʹҶ찲ŵһסҶ˫ָסһʯ˿˿Ƶʯг뿪Ƭ֮ҶξͱһŰɫ֮С
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ʮСʱ󣬻Ҷܵ뵽ڣ̸Ҷ죬۾˫֮ѾΪĩʯЩεҡҡͷ
˵һҶ𵤴֮ǰܳܵѾ˶㣬ʯеж붼˷ѵˣҶ۲ѡ
ʱ⣬תۼţЩĸպ·;Ҳƽ̹
˿ҶѹȥжԽ𵤴Ҫɽ٣ֻȫͷų׽٣˿ҶǣңǲԸ뿪ģֻЩοԼˡ
ʦˣʱ䵽ˣſڴХҶ̧ͷ⿴ȥȴѾ˵ڶİϦ£ӳյؼһƬơ
Ҷ߳˷䣬˴æӭȥ˵Ҷĵصнһׯ԰ﻹаСʱĳ̣
߰ɣγ֮Ǻٳˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ̩ɮšɳڣҶ׾Ƕ첻˶ϣؽһѪеģ˰͵ĶԹҲʱˡ
۹Ҷ͵Ҳ첻ˣǸὫΪصصĿ꣬͵ɳҶֻҪйһһܵעġ
йĿʲôʱѽ
ڹ˴ƵĳϣŴһ޼ʽɫҶ첻ҡҡͷָоȹԲˣڶȻıϣйȷʵԶҡ
ҶĻХ쿪˵ʦ۵ĿҲҪȾǺõö࣬ҿʦɴൽ۶Ӱɣ
밡Х죬ĸײͲԸȥ𣿡
Ҷ̾˿ɼҵ֮˾ͻҶĸĸ˰ӶڵأÿХĸף˵ʲôԸȥ۶ӣסʮ£ؾĺԺˡ
˴ӿúȣʱҲ׼ȷСʱŴʹյĵ¹ʻ뵽һׯ԰֮С
ΧͣѾͣʮͬ⽻յֻϹܲŻ֪ᷢ˻ΪǸʹ۵ء
λйİɣ
ոͣóӣһλʹߴİӾ˹˵Ĵ󲿷ֶѾˣ뼸λ
Ի֮Ҳȫֻйߵϵ
Ҷ첻ɫͷųһ˿ʶʱоǰǶЩͻأĽУǿľ񲨶⼸˵ľȻҶԪǰ˹ļҼ֮⣬ҲҶ׽ĸˡ
ڰߵҶ켸˽뵽ǰǸֽṹĽ֮С
ƺոռܹģڲռʮֵĴҲӵڻ᳡м䣬һܿĿյأȫʯ̾ͣһЩûüȥ̦
֯߰ػİ
Ż᳡ڵİ裬Ҷ΢΢һ£ελмտĳأֱǹĶ޳һ㣬ȴ³ɱ
Ҷ˵Ľ룬ó˷׷׿˵ĿⶼҶԵХϣӿѪǱеͻһ㣬ʱʹһЩ˵ͫ׼ȻХϲΣա
мҶ죬ȫû˵ĹעΪڵˣûܸӦĲһͨһ㡣
Ȼ˵ûע⵽Ҷ죬ⳡ֮У˽ĿͶ䵽Ҷϵġ
ڻ᳡λϵǸŵˣֻɫ԰ף˫죬ȥһּĸоߣһλҶġѡλ˹ά˹Ķĳ³
һעҶˣڻ᳡棬Ŀݣϵʹ޷жϳ䣬ֻһ˫ǵ۾ʱʱΣյĹâͬںڰеĶһ㡣
˵࣬һĸߴˣ׵ɫ壬۾ɣϸһ˿ӦǸһ㡣
ӦĿ⣬ͷҶ̧Դλ³¶һЦݣ³ߵʱЦˡ


915 ǿƼ
¿
ҶȤؿǸɫ԰׵ӣϣҶܸܳͿͬϢһѪȺ͸ζλȥƺֻʮˣ֪Ѿ˶ˡ
й޵˵Ϣ˵йɣ
Ҷͫ΢΢һ£ڵ¿ľѪ֮УŵһԼϵζǶ޵еģҶҶ϶¿ʳ޵֮˵ľѪ
˵ǸҶ죿
Ҷŵĵ¿üͷЩȷزԴ˵³ƺ˵ôǿɣһˣǲսʤάͰ˹ģ
Ҷ۲ŵ¿ʱ򣬵¿ҲڿҶ죬ֻǺҶ̽ĸײͬ¿ȴȫӦҶĲڵ¿УҶͻ᳡ЩͨӦһȫǸͨˡ
õ¿ʮֵҪ֪Ҷûвܣа˹սҲӦѪȵģǴ˿Ҷֳģȴһ̶ˮӦκεĲ
¿ɵĻĿ³̲ס˸æ˵ˣҿɲƭǿҶǳȭ¼ģ
³ʱĻһһģ˹ά˹ڵ绽³򣬾Ȼֻһ˵ūͣվڵ¿ǰ³򣬺޲ſڵȥԷĽֺԱԼĳ羴֮顣
ˣҿ͸ܲǣȻ㲻Ҫȥ
Ҷ쿴˰Σ¿ƤûٺҶˣΪѪ幫ܻô꣬ĲǿвԹɫı£¿ڼǰʮ־ʱһغˡ
ȻҶĲǻ˽ǧֱߵ¿˾ǸΣʱ۾δһġ
ȥĿأֻǵ¿һ˰ˣѪ֮Ϊһȥһλǿߣ¿ǲġ
ǰԸˣ֮ǰԼδؾǵ¿Ķ֡
ƿ͵¿ӵĿҶҲа̾Ҫ޵ߵľֵ¿ʵӦڵ۷ΪѪǿĻָһ޵֮˶Ķ֡
֮Ӧþ֪Ѫ֮ǷĴڣ
ӵ¿ϣҶ֪˹ӦΪôĴڵĻʵԼģ˵ǽΪϹ˭֪ЩǲͻƽΪռأ
жѪһ־Ҷתͷȴǿһ͸оԺиͷƤһ㣬ǿԼĿ⣬ԲǴġ
ţ⡭ôܣ
ҶתͷͬʱϵЦݺȻýӲ¶һ˿ŵɫǰŵĽŲҲ鲻Խͣ
ʦôˣ
ҶߵХ죬˳ҶĿ⿴ȥüͷ˵ʦǸӦþ̩ɮʦšɳɣϵѪҲͲ΢ǿһ㣬ǻ⹫أͷȥս
Хе⹫ȻҿˣȢ˶ʦŮֻ½һҲǷִǶʦűѾôˣҪڽǰХ飬Ǽ治顣
ҿšɳ͵ϮԹѾ˺üʮ꣬ˣΪҿŮŮʦֶХȻΪ⹫һسӡ
㲻Ķ֡
Ҷҡҡͷһһٵ˵ȴûпšɳһֱǸĸߴˣХ죬֪ɳԱߵǸ˭𣿡
˭ףʦǸ˺ù찡ƵġҶĻХĹעҲǸϣʱһЩߡ
ûǸˣ
뵽᳡һֱľˮҶ죬ʱҲ̲סһ˿ΪšɳǸˣǵ걻Ҷһ˸޷
ԼжأҶȻúܣ֪£޷ʹӡ٤֣ҲԻȥ
ôǰֵ޷ֻһֽˣѾǸˣȴšɳ˽ͷеֶΣһ޷Ĵڣ統޷۵Ǹι
ˣʦѵǽʬҿŲ񰡣Х챻ʦĻһ̲סŵİץһЩŵ壬ȴ֮ǰļҽʹõġ
һ᲻Ҫ嶯ûҵ³
ҶɫЩأšɳ֪ԼʵģȻֵģ޷ϣҶ춼ܵһ˿в
ת񣬿˫綾һšɳҶЦһ£֮ǰȥžšɳ¹Ҳ޷Լ޼᲻ݵıɽġ
һҹˣ֪ж˻ʧȥ
ڵҶڵλֻж̶̵ʮңʮ׵·У˵¿šɳ֮⣬Ҷ컹ܵ˼ǿϢ
ھšɳԶĵطݵɮˣǵƤϣէȻȥͬһ㣬ƺһܰǹߣɮڵѪȴʮֵǿʢͲнľˡ
ӦӡɮˣǾȻܽڣй˿ʵҲǲС
ɮݵۿҶѾ˴𰸣Ϊ̵ķԴأӡȻһЩ̵ģйԣ˲ش֮⣬ĽѺ͹ͬٲĲĽˡ
⻹мҲҶһЩע⣬Щ˴ǹŴʿһ㣬һ֮ҲΪǿ
Щ˵עûзҶϣضǶĵ¿˿ǵĵ⣬ҶȻҲ֪Щ˵ˣ˽֮͢⣬˭лԺڰ˳أ
Ҷǵλˣ
һλǰ˴ͣס˽ŲйϯλòмĳҪ߳һ׶࣬һȦɳһСһ㣬֮󣬳˶Ŀ̨֮⣬ʱΧĿⶼ
Ϲˣ⽻ᣬʲô³̣
Ҷ쿴˹˴ŷ֣Щ߲еǰ⵹ҶЩڴ뿴ЩǣʲôֶΡ
Ҷĵһ³̣ǸԼ
˴еһŸӡֽ˵֮󣬾ɽʱˣҿ໥д轻ҲǩһЩЭ֮³ȥԣۣ
˵˴¶һ˿Ȼ뵽᳡֮󣬿̨ͶϵĿ⣬Ǻˮһ㣬̵ù˴Ƥʹ


916 ³
Щûбˣ
Ҷһ£ʲô᣿ֱǷЩЩˣһѱ֮ûԼĻⳡջһɱ¾
ı⣬ͨνᣬԼҵҲλİɣȫʧȥ塣
УҶͨԱͶƱѡʵΪǿˡ
Ҷ컹ڶԼ˴̯̯֣˵Щûˣڻڼ䣬ʿԽɵսд裬һԷܾĻܲμѡȻڽһսԱǿԾܾڶսĲϢСʱģ
ģⲻǱƵɱ𣿡
˴ĻҶ̲ס˸ۣڸȻܵӣҲһЩҵĵ߲¼ţٰߴᣬҲЩ˵˼棬³ԻһЩʩع涨ġ
ЩҲ̫ԣʿٰߴᣬ˵һ㡣
ΪʿȥԸЩߵģл飬ȷûйҵز棬ų˻ٿڼ䱻һ˵Ŀԡ
ʦҪսң²³
ҶߵХ쵹ûô࣬ʱЩԾԾԣЩȻƫڼҵХ첢ûжŵĹ򣬷˼£ҶǸʦֶӱİ˼ҷХ϶߲غϡ
ֻ̫ƽʢХһĹȴ޴ʩչֻʦЩԻսʵòᣬֱһ޲񶷳˷
ʱⳡкܶǲˡ
ҶЦҡҡͷЩȷӱùǺХսһҲֹ³ս
ȻҶҲХȥʵĶֵս¿šɳһˣͲȥˡ
Ҷǡأ
Ҷʦͽ˵ĶԻ󣬹˴һ䣬Ϊ˴ҲʽԱйսĻʧȥĽǹҵ档
ǹ˴֪֪֮ԸֻǸ͵ĽɫֻܿƸˮġܣ³ȥͱսĻǾԻ³
㣿
Ҷ쿴һ۹˴ЦϹˣҪЩʵչʾȥսĻ˰ɣҪ¶ˣһ˵ġ
Ҷݹ۳ڵЩߣ󲿷˶Ź츳˴һҲУЩǰҵĶЩСģЩʵǿˣҲȥɨЩġ
Ϊ¹йȻᱻܶҹעģʱҶ˾ٲдΪսҶԼνκˣ˴ХˣŻ˵Ƿ
ллҶҶĻ󣬹˴ᵽɤ۵Ĳ˻ȥҶ쵽ʱùҴѹԼƵԼսҪǵǷϣ֪˴Ҳöȥġ
λŮʿӭǹʳоĸˣ
Ҷ켸˵Żʱ򣬳ڵĵƹͻȻһ˳УһλŻͲ˵Ϊ˴ٽԳо˴˴νľٰ죬Ҹ˵ĳǸӦĴڣҲϣĸλܳԣԼߴң
ģİ׳հ
Ǹ˸˵Ļ󣬳ھ˶˰ۣӦĴڣƨĳڳЩ˵νֻ꣬һ־񲨶ѣͲΪ塣
ʵ󲿷ֵԱ֪νĳоЭᣬֻһǮеõ۵˿ģûĳ߲
ְҵһλħˣŷޣְҵͺ͹ŸװŪĴʦ࣬ʮоŸƭӡ
ĵڶ˼֮ԱǣԼĳʲôÿ˵ɱﵣΣʱܾģû˻Ը⽫Լ˵ġ
ҵĳǿԿǵı仯
ҵǸӦϵۣΪʲô˵ϷǻᷢûŰ
ҵĳ͸ӣһڿ㣬û˵ɣ
Ȼڸ˵ԼʱʱͿʼʧˣǧٹֵĴ𸴴Ӹҵλϯϴ˳᳡ͬװãЩҶ춼̿ʧЦ
ȻҲмҵĴ˵ıȽϿףӡȵһɮ˵ľܱʮȴ٤ĳ
ʦ˵ʲôۿҪֵԼˣХ̲סؿҶ졣
ҶֺأХѯԼЦô˵˵͵Ůϴ趼С
ҿɶˡ
Х㬵ػһ䣬ʱֵйˣʦûκ˵˼Хֻܽյ˻Ͳϣ˵ӵеǿ
˵ʵХȻ·ҲЩ⣬˶ԱȣȻⷽ治ռƣԵ˵Լ󣬳ڶʱһ
̵ģȻСүǣ
Ȼͬ벻ᷭЩХֲɵӣȻóͱӵģļ䣬һȥսˡ
Х죬ŭʲôģ
Ҷһֻѹͽܵļϣ˵ҪףطʵΪ𣬿տڰ׻û˻ŵģһȻӮñ˵صģ
Ҷɯ׺ϴȭʱҲûǵԾԵʵӮһЩ˻Ҳ˵չּ⿿Ĳ죬ʵ
ʦζҴһХ컹Щ߷߲ƽô˵ҲǺ۷Ĵֻ֣һܽ죬ܵЩ˵ıӣ
İɣкʵĶ֣һϵģҶ˵ͷֻɱ¾УܳɳսʿХΪʹٸߣҲĻ䣬κη紵ġ
Ҷǰ쿴ǰ㣬һȫʵھںһ󣬱ԷŲ˵ʮƴʱҽԺûΣء
Ҳ˵͵ͬҪȱһ֮ܳΪߣХһֱٳûܽ죬ҲΪԭ򣬶²ɣĹļҺҿȴ⡣
ˣдʱ䣬ÿһλ˷սսֻڳڽУÿֻܽһսϣҲҪ
ڸԼӵеĳλ˵˵ⷬϾ˳˻᳡ΪħıΪԼɱ֮


917 ս
˳غļڣټĻ᳡뵽֮УȻûԸһͷ񣬽Լĳسչ¶ǰΪ˭Ҳȷպⳡڵ˲Լĵˡ
Ѫˣû뵽ҲμδᣬҴǽаɣ
ֳŻǺܿͱ˴ˣӹӢϯϣһͿ׵վìͷֱָڻ᳡ĵ¿
λ˵Ļ䣬¿ԴϸɤأȥһǧˣҲȻĺúõģҪ׼ʴƭˣΰӦף
˾Ȼôã
˶ԻóڸʿǸе˲˼飬ӵ¿ĻѾ˽ǧˣ⡭⻹ôô
ѪԲʿˣкϷˣ
Ӣ˹ɳΪλ
ⶼ֪ӢԲʿҮջֱϵǲѪĴڵģҲ֪Ϊʲôɳ¿
ڳڶԻͬʱ᳡Ҳһ˿ɧĿͶ䵽̨˽۵һû᳡ڱ
йĵطڰܴڣͬڰҲҮջԾӵԲʿѪĺֻܳΪУͬʱڣؽһ
ֻ£еӵˡ
Ӣϯվһˣֳֶƺͳߵ˳м䣬ָŵ¿˵¿һںڰУܶһʱ䣬ڣΨһĹޣ
ѹֹҶԲصص˽ţԭڽʧȥǵģ
ųµΣҶ˼üëǺͿؽ֮ҲռѪϣɴҶҲ֪Ѫͻ֮ĶԹԹ
ʵ֮ǰŷ޲ֻлһɣѪҲźܴӰģʵͽ
ʮ־֮һз˸ı䣬̻ʵ׼£ŷķ⽨ʿԵкĹҷĳ˽200ڽս
Ȼʮ־˹̹ҵģҪĿǴ˹жҮ·䣬ѪҲΪǴϴĿꡣ
һѪȺɱ¾Ѫŷ伣ˣǵ¿ٶһֱڱ޷չǽ͢޳Īĵط
ϹˣЩӢ˲ɳΪһ㶼˼ӣֱӾ˺˰
ȻѪ֮ĶԹҶ컹Щ⣬ⳡᣬպڹϵĻȨ˵ӹҵĽǶȿǣЩʿҲӦÿԼġ
ʵҶ֣ڻһЩѾȹϵһ㡣
Ǻ͹˴Ľɫ࣬ǸЩǰμӴԱۿ˹߾ҪսЩڷ񲦴ŵ绰ֹⳡڶ
ҶЩ˶ԲʿǶͲںġ
˴֮ǰǶ˲֪ʶڽ͵Щʿڵʷʮ־Զǵɪ쵼ģɪսູͣʸġ
Ϊɪֱ쵼ӣԲʿ˺պڵʱϯʿ˹غɪ͵飬ԲʿķѣҲӴ˵ǵߡ
˭֪ʣԲʿһһֱػŴеߣʮ־ʱҲܿǵӰֻԲʿֻЧңڵӢôˡ
ЩʼļһֻԶȡʤԸҲƷһʥʿѪ
Ҷ͹˴˵ʱ򣬳ڵҲ˱仯Ǽʿ˼ңҪǻ³Ļ¿ںڰеĵλһǧɣԼʹӲͷƤҲҪӭս
ڵ¿׼³һս޷ʱӢλͻȻʿи绰һ£ǡŮµģ
ţ
Ѿ˳صǸԲʿüͷЩ˻ȥӷŵԲʥܿߵͷֻԼдԹĳС
Ůĵ绰ػҪģҲҪصʿҪһǾҳϡ
ûⳡսˡҶʶ䣬ؽڶߵĶԻȫ˹ȥ
ȻعҶֻ֮˵¿ȴ֮ϣ㲻Ҫһض
ߣеھ
¿һվȴ˻ȥ͢һЩ֮ſƵã򲻵ѣ¿ǲԸЩǽսġ
زûлش¿ĻʱͷѾûʲôˣΪŮأߵͬ˼䣬Ȼڰʲô
Сû
һһ绰ˣԭ㿴ֵˣǸоһȤҶ콫λ̩ɮšɳķаԸǲҪ
ֻǻûҶãºȻһձĸйҶдһ£֪ҶǷԸҵսأ
սң
Ҷ챻ͬ﷢һȥұ˵鷳˾Ҫոˣû뾹Ȼ˻ϸҶûɲȫѽ
ЩĲףһ죿
ͷųʶ򷢻ĵطȥҶ΢΢һձӦǹڵŶݷ츳ߣȻܽݷ˼£Ӿ϶ԣҪХ컹ǿһ
ҪսԼδ̫ԲˣҶ¶һ˿ЦȻԸȻҪ֮ǰȥͶ̥ˡ
ҶӦսʱߵХס˵ʦɣ֪޵ľձˣ
ܼԭҲǹڴǧĴ壬Ųҳ˰࣬˺飬ϼһж̧ͷΪܼΨһĴˣХȻϴˢ衣
Ҫϳ
ҶԳһ£Ϊﲻʲô֮ХȴֻǿҴƵһѪϹմȾ˲Ѫ
Ҷû˵Х켱ʦڵѪҲ࣬ѾôˣҪǻ򲻹Ǹɴ鶹ײˣ
ʮʱеڷؾĹХԲǸ³çˣܸӦó¸ʵɸղŵغ͵¿ХȻȥġ
Ҷ˵ͷХļ˵񲻵񲻳ҲӦöһЩˣ
ХԼ֪Ҷʱȴǲɫһָһ˿뵽ڡ


918 ȭ
λݴĹ涨дΪ֣һǱʵģǿڻ᳡չʾԼĳȻڳʿ˭ǿһ㡭
Хµڵʱλ֮ǰ֪˸˳ļ˵⻹һַʽɶλʩչԼĳʵսʵսлᷢһЩ⣬ϣλǩһЭ飬˻Ļ׷ֵΣ
ձʿݣˣûеӺǩݶأ
һɫʿĸȥѾˣϹǵ鲼Сڣȴǲһֻһ㣬ɢһΣյϢ
ձһλʿڸʿɽĽ£ûκεĵӵزԶС֮⣬Ҳûκεϵһλͨһ㡣
û֪ձʵʦڰ˹ʱǵһ뵽Բ԰ձˣŻԲ԰ģҲǸ
ǳУջ˴ŶǵõһййŶݷĵ飬ڻص֮Ͼʹȥ˾ڵְ񣬳˽̵̫֮⣬ȫͶ뵽˶Եо֮С
˵һţŴйȥڼķٽǱ飬Ȼǰ꣬ҲԼһٶʮ޽ٵʱͻƵ쾳硣
뵽죬̥һı仯ҲΪƽ˽˼ڻɽμ߽ʱ򣬸ȻӦˡ
мʵһԵʣǾǸͱ壬Ÿ᲻ϵϵӾǱŮˣãҲǼ뵽˱
ҪǸһֱڸʿɽвŶݷڻеӰλϺܶ࣬ӢҲڹעһ徫ӢȥѰˡ
ӢۣǸõӣڵ֪Ӣ۵йҶĳѲĹϵ󣬸ԭȥйһ˵ģû뵽ȴδϼҶ죬Ҷ췢ս
ҶХӦսҲû£ܿóХΪԼҪһЩ϶Ŷݼ׵ãХôĶ֪
ôˣҲǩЭأ
Х첢ûڵһʱԼĻܵձӰ켫ĸ¶һ˿мطˣѾԼɵ˺̨ϵҶ᲻¶ɥı
ϹӣȻ㼱Ͷ̥СүͲˡ
ͬеĻХ쿡ε¶һ˿ɫû˵еıʣļǩԼ֡
ãϲг˲Һȥˣİɣһ֪ʲôģ
ɻľǱ˵Լϣ滹ˡӡ֣ɫʱһֱڵӴ޹˼ɵͷſ
˾Ȼǿ󣿡
ôˣαѪģ
Ѫ̺Ǵ֮ﰡ
ͷųѹ֮˷׷ɫ䣬Ϊ֮ǰļܿǿ󣬱˶޷ڵǿ
ȻЩ棬бȸģǼλӡɮֻ۾˿ͼ붨ȥˣڵ¿ͷ촽¶̰ɫ
ѪĽҪϵȡ̺žѪ
Ե¿Ϊȥʳͨ˵ѪѾûʲôˣӦμӴ˴ߴҪԭʵδѰԼ
ƴ
̨λϵҶ죬ܵͷų֮϶ʱ¶һ˿ЦµǸʹŶݷԸӣֻǵıƴʹ̡
Ҫ֪ХСǰ˼ȭӴķǳʵҶ½Ӵ˰˼ҷ֮󣬽˼ȭľ辡ѧС
˼ԸƣټХЩʯڵ붼תţĲֻԪı仯͹ХȫԷ
Х죬ղ˵ʱ˵Լӵǿģɱ˰
ҶĴХĶΪȻݱֿ˿΢Ĳ
ʦĻХҶķһۣص˵ͷҽ΢΢һȴǰڳһ˼ȭȭӣ͸ͷųǹƲͬХûһ˿⡣
ڼȭ£Էȫëףһ˿йֻڴ˵ʱ򣬲Żᾢŷ
Ҷһȥ̽·һеʱһͷţ˱ڵľţȺļпײ֮󣬱סȥ·
ܾţһԼѱ˸סͷţһͷü򶭺ײȥۿžҪƶʱһಽÿţǣƮƮһ˻ţıϡ
˾ǣôһƣͷٽصĻţȻһϥһԵ˵ϣ̶̵ļ˫ţ۾ʧȥ˹ʡ
ţײˣȻҪ⳥ģţ֮¾ڼϽţ⣬ţ¶ʱ˶סˣţĸྡ鿪Ҳһ⡣
ڼȭХʱĹ֮ҪһҶ֮⣬ǹļҺҿӲһȭȻѾ뵽ĸХҲ˿塣
ˣҪΪֻйʶһձȭ
Хȭ֮󣬸һȣҽһ٣ǿʯ̾͵ĵ棬ʱѿСͻȻǰ壬һǳȭХؿڡ
úã
Դ³֮Хһֱֵķǳƽֱһȭ֮ȻϬβ˷µȭתȻһХķ
Хȭʱյ÷ǳãڸûܽעȭϵʱ򣬾ǰ˸ȭ֮ϣڸֻӳ˰˳ɵʵ
أ
ȭзһװը죬ͬʱ֮ĿռƺŤһ㲨˰Ӷȥ
ձȭ͵ѧһЩƤë޺ȭʹòײ࣬ԳձȭվκХЦϹӣ֪ʲôȭ˰ɣﶪˡ
˸£
ХĻ˵ĸüëһɱ¶۹˶ܿڸȴȭʱ΢ţȻڸղŵĽг˿


919 
ȻӺ뵽죬ûϵͳֻھⷽ棬ʶתԪ񣬶ûʯڵʵͣں۷壬ХҲ޼
ϣȴǺХԶˣһʼͷųƾˣʵȴǽԼɢˣ޷ӳԼȫʵ
ХĹҪϬĶˣ˫ȭǰһ̣ûй¶˿ֻȭͷϵʱХͻȻתȭһȭԶڸ֮ϡ
ǲ
ڿ̨ϵҶһĻ΢΢б¶һ˿ЦݣҪø˫ȭ֮¸ԵĿԶԶ¶Ҫصöࡣ
һǱɢ˵һȴǱȫһ㣬𵴵ĿĶԻУֻҶһꡱϸ죬ȴǸָǣȫХѿ
Ϲӣɸٶһȭ
ڵκͷȣȫתˣʱХ磬ȴԵˡ
ˣҪ̫ˣ
һٶ꣬û˵ѪˣԭһȭХȴûԼ˸ȻٺХӲƴӲˣһȻͻأʧХǰ
ףȥˣ
ôȻʧˣѵ
ϢûˣùŹְʲô
Хо˸Ĵڣǿ̨ϵˣ۾Ҳʧȥ˸ӰϾͷųӦͬ޷ָ
ͻıʣû᳡ɧҪĻôʵҪȥˣıͻʩɱ֣ǳڰٷ֮ʮŵ˶ûа취Ӧԡ
ʧ֮վڳ֮еХƺҲӦЩãȻڳһȭӣȴĴȻҲ޷ҵ
ɣ
ХάȵʱһݵƣͻȻӡıϣ³֮󣬸ĺųڣʵʵڵһ͵Ϯ
ȻоЩɣеĿǳᣬȻҲǳһ֣ǺãȻﲻˬҲ޷ȥָ
ͣ
һƻеХ죬͵ǰܳ߰ףڰ֮еʱһѪȻǿǰѩ׵϶ʱѪ߰ߡ
ХķӦҲǼ죬˫Ÿ䵽ϣξת˹ȥһȭ˿մХȭͷǰȻһ죬һɴֱֱ߰ĸ
һƣȻôǿȭƿյҲǰľԼһѽʯȴ֪ХΪֻ³һѪûˣ
͵ϮͷȻٺХӲƴһΣ뵽˿֮Уֹʧˡ
ˣ
ʧȥĿ꣬ڵХƺЩ˫ȭʱ߻ţ·˾ܽƳһ㡣
׻̫ˣһǾҪ˵ˣ
ڲˣӦԲõķֻҪӦ죬ҲòƴܾˣХʧȥ侲ֶָԾмֱģһЩ˵ѾǸХ̡
ֳˣ
ХԵʱ򣬳мͷһΪͬʱӦһ˿ĲȻХҲһȭͷХԵ̫Ѩֻһ֮ࡣ
ˣ֮λΪҪ̫ѨмѾɴ˫ۣ׼ȥХͷѿʱΡ
ءһ죬м仹ŹͷվŵеһһͷԵ˵ϣѪԽͷѵĵط˳
ôţ
⡭ⲻܣôһȭģ
˶Ϊµ˽Хʱ򣬳վŵģȴһϮµХ죬˶鲻Խ۾ǵĺӾ˼ķ
¿ЩԲʿЩǧϹ˿ҲǾɲؿХ죬ΪǺ͸ԾҲֻĳԤһǵʯ֮䣬ȴûа취ٽлһжֵġ
ղŵĶԾȻ죬ǱһЩ˿УǱ۾ղŵʱһɫ¶˹Źֵɫ
ԭղŵĻͿԿڸȭʱԭһХ죬ƺڲҲתһ壬ⲻ۵һתȴøȭͷ˿մ
ͬʱХ쿴ƺһȭȴػ˸̫ѨϣҾǸԸӭȥһ㣬ǹǰԴȫХһ
ͷΪĵطһȭ֮󣬸ƺ߶ûܷһͷԵ˵ϣؿڲţֻнȴûˡ
һֶӣߵĹԱŷӦ˹ĸ̧ŵ˳н̧ȥ˭ܿҮҲ޷˵ˡ
ϣҶ˵Լǿɡôȭͷײأ
ڵХƺҲԼһȭסˣֱ̧ƺŷӦ˹ıЩ˻ɵˣҲЩȷСǷ˴ˣŻɺϵ顣
ˣСӱ˱˻ˣɣ̨ϵҶסЦһʶ뵽˵ӵУ˳ڵХ֮⣬ҲֻҶ֪ղŷʲô顣
Х컹û³ʱҶͿ˸Ϊձ˵Ǻǿ󣬵еȴһٵķټʶ壬Ҳܸ˵Ŀӡ
⼸һϣҶﻹ᲻׸ɱﵣХ³֮ǰҶһţǵ˫֮УԿһ
Ҷ첢ûи˵ХһʼһƲǼٵģҲ˵ģȵٴʱǻХſʼϷƭøΪ棬űХһȭɱ˳֮С
ҿˣĲҰԴȭͷϴյġʦĴХƶһ䣬Ŵҡڵ̨ȥ
ˣ֪ܲսأ
Х컹δ߳صʱһȻ˳ѭȥһı֮ղŵĸҪݵ˴λվ
ģҪʦͬˣ겻ȥ͵Ϯʦ־Ͳ˵ˣھȻҪХսѵʦһ߳Ķû𣿡
ǸҶвȻŭšɳʦȻдˣǾҶĳɣ


920 ɱ
ŵĸȻʵѧйŶݷڰɱ͵ϮĹХ컹ҪһЩֻҪȥռҲҶХ³ӭеԭ
ʵҲˣڸ֮£͵ϮХδɷһȭУϸ˵ХʵҲǺ͸൱߳١
šɳͬλ̩ĹʦɮѧǽͷֶξҶܶûŹȻδ뵽죬ŶԵĻХ춼δĶ֡
šɳߵǸˣҶҲСģ޷۵Ǹιﶼǵǹ룬޷Ƴ죬ʵԺ쾳ĸˡ
ȻҶҲšɳոһЩʹ÷ûʵأ̩ʦսúҶ⣬վλ˸ˣ˵ҵĵӸովһսմĹ涨ӦÿԾܾİɣ
ȻȻԾܾ
ű̧ȥʬЩɵĸҶĻ󣬻͵ش˸϶˵λڰСʱ֮йܷսģ
Ϊ糬Эķ͸ˣʵǸ찮ߣÿȥ깵ͨûʲôģûмѪȵĻ档
ԭֻΪһЩڱݵĻ飬ҲЩƭ˵ļһѣпʵ֪Լ뵽һ޴׵֮С
˵Ļšɳһ£۾ҶһۣվȻȥҶȴûзŹ˼˵ɳʦôҪȥأҵ鲻Ȥ𣿡
ˣҪΪе㱾£޵ˣϱǿ˶ˣ
šɳӿһ˿ŭ⣬̩磬ͨ˼޲ĤݣǹҲҪִҶԴе٩Ļšɳǲϰߡ
ɳȴûվ˼ڼ֮ǰͨϢõҶϣ֪ͨйսҲʮǿ
μҶɳȻҶϸܲһ˿ĲԲΪҶǸͨ˵ģߵӱͿ˵ȫҶһ÷顣
ҶûзʽսԼԼšɳɴؾͷڹ꣬ȨûĻҲǽԽϵԽСˡ
Ȼˣдһ
ҶϴЦݣֱȥХߵʱĵӵļ˵ɵòȭ̫С˵㣬ҪٴһĻϹӵԴͻһֱըģ
ʦ㣿Ż
һȭɵ֮ԭ־Х죬ȻҶֻⷬоؿһ󷭹һˮθз𣬺ͷһȴһڲθѪ˳
ʦǲİͲٶһ£
˲ߵۼХ첻ؿҶ죬ֵĻ᱾ͺ٣ɱǵһξҶĳХҲѹסղܵƣһ𱬷˳
ҶûصͽһۣЦСӣǲ֪ô²ѪСӻȥҪһ£
ףǣٺ٣ллʦҶôһ˵ХҲоԼظ䳩˺ܶ࣬һʱ֣ѪУһɫѪ顣
Ҷ˰֣˵ȥм죬ڵѪٸɡ
ʦҪСĵ㣬ϼһúܣ˵Щֶεģ
Х˵ͷѹ˵ղšɳվʱХǱ߿һۣޱ޷֮вزһֺ⡣
ˣ֪ģ㰲˰ɡ
ҶЦҡҡͷٵڵΪټϱɽ壬ͨĵҲκβԼ˵аƳĹˣҶҲûȥǹƴȭš
Х˵ŻҶ첻ɫڵһĨܶ˶ûܿХ³ǿѪǱѩһ㣬Ϣؾ
λҪǲ³صλϣҪ˵ĽҶ׼ȥʱ򣬸˵Ϊ˴δˣбҪάϵ
Ȼ˿ҪԭҶɢһֺƽ͵Ϣڸ˵ǾǿԱˣҪǿҶХվһ𣬸˿˵һЩ
֯ɵӰȻһ鶼ûУ
Ҷ챻˵ǿЦãҲûһʶֱߵм䣬̧ͷšɳ˵ʦˣѾˣ벻Ȼϣʦһ϶ΪҶĳµģ
ʦԪ𣬾ͺšɳ˶Թʹ̤йһšɳҲû˿ʦ緶͵ϮҿԹһˡ
ȵҶɱ޷֮󣬶ԹȻ𣬺šɳǲԼݣֶԸףάͶʤҶѽ뵽ɱ֮УֻһֱûҵȥѰ鷳ˡ
ûղ˵Ǻǿ󣡡
ղǸ˳ƺΪʦʦʲô˼
йʦǸ׵˼ⶼ֪
ûһͷĶ𣿡
Ҷʽšɳսʱȴ˳ڵһɧΪڴҶ͸˿Ĳ࣬һ޺ĸоΪҶֻХӶѡ
Ҷ֮󣬺ܶ˶о޷⣬һͨһλսӻˣ
ȻһǲôģҶ֮ʱǵעضҶϣЩ˲ߣԸ鱨ϵͳľع
һ˶Ҷ֪֮911¼еı֣ڹźͰ˹֮ս飬Щ˵֮С
ҪеһҪ۲ҶһһпܵĻҪ㵽ҶëѪ֮һЩ
ХҲصעһԱ׼ȥռХ³ѪʱȴѾһ˿ۼˣҲʹҶ
ҶҶԹĻк˽⣬дҿ˰ɣ
ڳ۷׷׵ʱšɳڿˣĻȴ˶סˣΪ̩ҵĴҽսԻʹ̩ڹϵĵλһǧɵġ
ɳʦû𣿡
Ҷѹûһ˿Źšɳ˼ЦʦӦսĻҲ޷³ɱһΣһԣ


921 а
ɱһΣǲѾǸˣ
ѽ˲ǻĺúõģˣ
Ҳ˵ЩѪҲû˵𣿡
ҶĻó˸еһ󲻽⣬λ̩ʦߵ޷ȻͣȴԼ뵽ڵģֱҶ˵⻰֮˲ŷ˲ԣǸ޷ˣϾȻûһ˿˵Ϣס
㡭šɳͫ͵һڰ಻סվ塣
Ҷ⻰šɳ޷ʮ꣬һֱչӣΪʦͽ⸸ӣֻšɳ֪йԻһֱ̤йؽһȥѰҶ졣
ûܰӱѩޣ޷ʬƳɹ죬šɳб͸еΣҶ޷˵£޷ˡ
ɳʦɸһս񣿣
Ҷ˫۽šɳ˿ûԼɱ⣬һλʦ˰ͣҶ첻ٽζԹȥˡ
ˣ̫
ô˱ҶʣɳҲ޷ˣȻ̩λȻҪһɮҪ﷢鴫ȥ̩ĵλһǧɣǹҲġ
ҪǣɳоҶɱ⣬֪ʹù죬ҶҲǲݵ³ɳҲ¹֮ˣȥп־壬λ
ɳ뿪λͬʱߵ޷Ҳ֮վಽظšɳ󣬲˳Ծǣ޷߽׵壬·ȻƮƮģûзκε졣
Բ⡭д裬ֻǵԵģɲԶΪʤšɳ¿̨ʱ򣬸ӲͷƤǰ͵ۿһĸߴ޷˵ý
ҵĳǿܡšɳĿûˣƹҶ˵д裬ǾͱҪˣͬ𣿡
ƿܹ죬һԼĵӣɳʦļ
Ҷ̾Ϣҡҡͷ˵ͷ̥йǸʡݵĹϹŴµĪ仯ˣֻѧƤëͲ֪ߵغ㼴ʹϣҶĳֺξ֮
ҶΪѽͭǽһ㣬ǻһֻƳҲܽθŧˮͷԣȷûκεв
ʱȻûǰµҶ쵤֮еıɽƷʱµֹǿٱֻҪҶһ˲ܽ޷ǧ˺Ƭ
λȻͬˣǩְɣšɳҶ֮䣬ֻоĲڣóЭϺԼɴԶԶض㿪ˡ
ԼԹˣɳ¶һ˿ɫҲûϵĸֱʣֱָͷƳһѪҪǩԼֵλá
٣Ǵ󷽰ѪҲ̣
ɳľٶҶ棬Ҳߵӱϣѭ浸صдԼ֣Ȼ˳ʮףӻóһڰ׷ıϾط
ëɣܵ飿
ǣӣ޴ôǴӶ
죬СĻӿڳ˲򵥣
Ҷó󣬳ܶʱһЦ˶ҶΪе޷⣬ϾҪˣѵҪȥȡ
ҲˣҶϺӡȵλɮͬʱ˫ɫ䣬صɫƺ˿˿־塣
ǵ¿ǼλԲʿĿҲضҶϣǶܸӦõⱾ鱻ó֮ɢһ˸е־ѹ
֣һûţΪξͻԶɢأվڳмҶҲв⣬Ȿ֪ҲǺܶ࣬˳Թáָ֮⣬ҶһֱûҴ߶Ǹ֣Ϊ޷Ԥϵġ
ʲô
ҶšɳȻҲӦɢϢɫһ䣬ܸоõǹƺԻصҲҳˡ
͵ߵ޷ԴһǣѶɳȵ޷֣ʦմѩˣϣɱ
໡໣
ɳôһģ޷зһܷĺУҽڵһ٣᳡һ֮޷ӴҶ˹ȥ
ɳڵľƹ죬صǵǹ룬ǰ֫ԴɱģҶûУɳа˳ɵİտԽɱ
бףǹĹΨһȱǶҲֱֱȥûʲô仯
ɳΨһĵľҶڶ޷ĹʱԼһֱվ޷ӴΪԼıɡ
šɳĵȻǶģΪ޷·֣ҶȻһ㲻ܣںϾؿе鼮ǰ޷˫ȭҪˡ
ɳֳһ˿죬ڹĹ˭û̩ĴУɹƳɹ޷һȭйһͷҰֹͲܳܵġ
ءһ죬ǿװǽһ㣬ó˾Ƕķ飬ѹ̲סһᣬֳôĶ񲻱
ֻǵǿڵʱһͲŴ¶˺ȻɫҶȻö˶˵վ¶ûƶһ۾ȴǴ鱾ŲˣĿ񵭵Ŀǰ޷
ô
̫˼ˣ
ʲôͷôᰲȻ
ڼžƬ֮ͻȻЩǧϹҲ޷ǰһУΪǣҲӲƥһȭ
ЩŵһȭĹܴﵽڵ۷壬ǲûڣͱɢҵĻ
û˭ܷ֣ʱҶתһγɵĻ֣޷ƴһȭڻ֮ҶŶʱһȴǽȭȫ⿪
ǲܵģ
ĿɿڴĿǰΣšɳȻֽһ«ɳ浹һֻԼһߵǧ򼣬ֱӾ˽ȥ
Ӳؽֻ׽ȥֻšɳûһߵ֭ҺͿʼع޷ϵƶȻǿࡣ
⻹㣬ɳֽĴָУһڽҧϺ󣬽ֱðѪ޷ӡô


922 
ɱɱ
˼Ѷ֮šɳջ˰ס޷ӡôĴָۼ˿ؿԭõĴָȻˡ
໡أ
ڱɳ;Ѫӳֺ޷ԭͽ׸ߵ·Ƿע˿һ㣬ƾ˰׶ߣϵ·Աѿ
޷ƺҲܲͻ¶ļһƣ˿˿ɫҴһȳζ޷ɢ˳֮С
޷ԭϢ۾ڱѪһƬԺֻһǾɱҶ죬ɱǰǸˡ
зһ޷һ̹һҶѹȥȰСƣֱ֮ҶԴȥ
аеŵڼԼǱͬʱȻܽ䵽֮У̫ˣšɳϱʱҶ첢ûгֹǾվۿš
ɳΪҶС۸֮˸ĸ磬Ȼȥһλǿ׳˵鷳ֲ޷ֲھԵʵǰһеŬǰ׷ѹ
Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷšɳȻⲻ˲ĹʵǿһأȻֻߵڣ޷ƿķ
ꡭ
޷ľµʱҶ΢΢ԴҼһ֮һ׹϶µǹɴʱ⿪
ȥǹɴ֮Ҷļһֻͦꡱһ죬޷ӴͻȻضɳ⣬˫һƨ˵ϡ
ʲô飿˺û
ʲôѵǶ𣿡
µĶˣµйˣµˣ
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ϳ֮⣬ΪľͲѪ֮Уɫɳ֮󣬾ȻִڵѪ˾
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Ϊ뵽ɳ֮Ѫ⾹ȻȫڻֻľߴصˡУɵó֮Ȼһ˿ûʣ
̰šɳ˼Ȧ֮Щеľյһ˿ʣʱ򣬲뵽ˡ֮Уڰֹȥ
ҶܸӦõɳľ֮󣬡ƺһĸоûһУǳԱ˵ڴһ㡣
ģҿûʵ飬ҪдХ֣³šɳò˶ٰɣ
ʹԼƿšǿʮǾãҶҲ̲ס⣬˵еġʹ˻ʹɥǰǰɶѾӦˡ
ϵۣʲô飿
죬ǸôͻȻըˣ
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923 ̰
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޷¶ĸǻȻʮĶ棬ɫ޵֩룬״ª򼣬βźЫӣЩһ֣ҧ˺üԱ򳡵˹ȥ
ŷ޵ͣЩʦҲỿоǵ˽죬ֹŷ޾ˣڳЩˣô׶Ķ棬¾ߴȥһʱ֮
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ڶݵľ֮˵Ŀ⣬ǲؿҶλķ򣬺ܶж̰Ŀ⡣
ȻѾʶɳı仯ʮа˾žͺҶеǱ鼮йأϢжֱʵȡ
кܶ˶ΪҶ֮ԿԵֵס޷ĹҲȫǱ鼮ĹֲͣƵĿҶλǻţҪ͸ɳǱܡ
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صλϵҶȻڱĿ񣬲ⳡκεĶûӹʶ̽飬ǼԲʿʵڿҶĵһʱͱҶ첶׽Ǻе
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Хɷĵ˵ͷʦ鹫޵֣ԸҲôˣХ첻ɻѪҺڣֻ³ȥսصĸ֡
ХĥʱһЭȻλͻȻ˲Ԥϵ⣬ͣһСʱҿһṩʳҲȥĻ԰ɢɢ
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Ҷ쳤𣬶ʱĿ⣬Ҷ߳᳡֮󣬶ʱм˸˳ȥδؾ涯֣ȴҶ켸ӳǵıҪɵˡ


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Ҷۡǻ氲ȫɣ
Ҷ߳᳡ʱ򣬹˴һ·ϼֱǱâһ㣬Ҫ۾ɱ˵Ļ֪ԼѾ˶ٴˣ½󶼱亹ʪˡ
Ҫ֪Ȼߴᱳ֯ߣǸϣûκһҵλģԲڻ᳡зʲô飬ᱻ׷ġ
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ðɣʱˣǽȥɡ
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925 ϣ
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վڳڵĻλֻվ˰λʵǹ˵ԲʷεʿԸ˵Ҳǵʮ㣬ִˣǻǿҵġ
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뿪ֶӺ󣬳һ仰һֺټ˵ģüӣڸͬУŽ仰˼˹
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ȻĲǳڹӡȣӡȣ̲ûбռ񲻹ֻǧͽӡΪʢеĽɣӡȽ̡
ӡȽγ8ͣۺϸڽ̣ҪŽ̺ͷһ½̣õ˵ʱӡϲ֧֣ϸ90ӵ10ͽӵ15ͽĻ̺11ͽ˹̡
ӡȽҲձ齨ɮźӡλߣֻӡȽУҲΪ
֮ˣνĿɮǽɼϸѭӷĽ壬඼һЩȽưܵӴ١
νȻǺ˴򽻵ˣӡȽеλߵı֮ΪţǾǽеְԱξɲҲʿ͹ҵĹߣǷᣨҵߣޣū
֮⣬С񡱵ĳƺһȼǲеģɼλ֮ͣȻӡȵҲΪӴġ
Ϊڹҷ֮ϵţȨ֪֮ϯλˣǵӡȨλڡ
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ͬԱˮƽģҶͻȻĿڳҲȫ˳˶һ£ǶݵˣȻ񶾰ԼĵˣԲḶڿڵġ
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ǣҪңʹ˵Ķ֣ҲҪһµġ
Ҷ໰ںλɮȴǳٳûлػʹóڵ𽥱˵Ŀⶼӡ˵ϯֵüȥҶ졣
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ҶԲѷһƢǺܺõĴϾȻûлػӡɮЩ֣һվ׼ɮһµʱкȻ¶˾ɫ
Ϊվŵλϣ˫ڱ֮УȻѪǶͱѪγϸߣ͡ţȲɮˣѪۡ
Ѫ֮󣬴ϵʧȥ˻һ㣬ֱ̱˵ϣԭȵѪһ˲ʧӰ٣ûһ˿Ĵڡ
ȥˣ
ͻıʣɮĻңһ´ϵıϢһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ


926 У
ϣϣɱǰ
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ɮϰ٤Ѿһˣйһ¶¼ӡȽУɮֱǸ񻰣λߣִӡȽ̵ĸ߲㣬Т
ɮȥˣôӡȽеĸ־ͻᱻдӡȶܵɮ˵ӡȽеְԱ³Իޱȡ
ʵղűХеĸձеӰҲɮˣһٶձձĵλһһֱӵģձʵ˲
ЩϢʧٵˣֵˣȻǸΪձ켺Ӱɱ֣Ҳᴥձҵʹġ
㣬ɱĴϣ
һɮ̧ͷ֮ǰֵõɮӣҶг˳ޡ
ϢôصģֻиղҶóǱˣȻϵ״Ϊ̩˲ͬλӡȽ̵ĸ߲鼱֮ȴûȥ롣
ǳڵˣҲ׷׽ĿתҶ죬ǵ뷨ӡ˲࣬ɮ״˹ңҶֵǱ鼮Ѳ˹ϵ
ҪǴ˿̸˶ڴĹμӵλ飬Ѱ಻סе̰ǰῪеȣܱǴʱ顣
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ҶĻάɫ䣬Ƕ˹һλԸܻıľˣǰ뵽λ̫ƽһܻһ˻ڵĿѧ֮⣬ֻж˹ͳ֪ľڡ
Уάεʵ飬Ǳʾʮǿ׳ԭȥ֮󣬺ͬڽ뵽صȫȥˣΨɹĽĳֶӵ˳
άĴڣ˹Ҳе֪ڱҶгڵ֮άҲ̲סȻɫ䡣
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άһĸоҲˣҶĻ³ǸձҲ˶٣Լֻעͷ­һܱ򱬵ġ
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Ҷҡҡͷ˵ҲҪϢ㻹ǿд裬һϰɣ򡭡Ҳܣ
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ΪϵˣԲʿôöԸģ
Ҷ컰һڣ᳡ַҶǵġϲʵ̫ˣԭӦһȫߵĽᣬֱͳҶĸ˱ݡ
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Ҷ콫һУǱХץ˹ȥ˵Ҳһߣϣ


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Ŵһ·͵ʿףӿ̨ˣҶз۾Ϥ˻֪ÿҶ¶ʱҲ˵ɱġ
е鼮뵽УҶߵ᳡ϵӴõЭǩԼ֡
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ڿԻȥˣʰһ£ջۣʦֽҪˣڻشʹݵ·ϣҶӵ˹ļҵĵ绰ں۷ʮϻ誣Ҫͻˡ
صʹݺҶ죬ѾȫЩ飬˽ٸձ˵ԣⳡνߴֻǸ־ѣԼģʣȡЩ飬زŵҪˡ
Ҷ첻һ£¾ƽϢȥߴ޼գ緶ΧڣһΪ֪ͨķ籩
зӦձǵĺӽ뵽һ״̬ӢͬӢʼҽս׼̫ƽĸӣҪպϾϰ
ȻҶǿ󣬴һЩҴ񾭣֮ǰĳԣǾøն¶λҵʵ뻰ȨԼۺϹζҶ˵Ŀ־塣
սƵһα˽һֻԴҶһˣԼҹعۿ¼ҶΪʵͬʱҲһսӰ
ܿ͵õ˽ڸӼСʱ֮ͻȻ˱ս
ĳ߲ʿ͸¶ֻΪйһջᣬǾǽҪɳҶȥзǹٷʡ


930 
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ϻ誺ȻɫһϵЦݣ˵Ҷʦܣʦһ仰ʣ֪ɷ񣿡
ҶЦŰ˰֣˵ʦ֣αؿлʡ
ΪԼѰ쾳Ĺϻ誷¶ޣɽһ࣬ȻûܰõҶ죬һֱԶϻһֱշ
Ҷʦܣҵ붼ѽ죬̫ʺʦʵǣǺʱ뵽ռȥ
ںΪʱоôԣһ뵽죬ܶǻصĸ̥һ㣬ǵĿܵģÿﶼҪë׺ϢʹˣҪѴʱųÿ
ϻⷬʳ󣬹ļҺҿҲͬʱҶ죬Ҳ˳ͷֻҶһֱ뿪Ҳ޿κΣûҶ棬ǵΪĻδܱĺá
٣ʦ壬ʲôðңء
׻Աⷲ¶׻ԭͺżȻȴĶûУۻķˮԸȥʲôռ䡣
ʦ֣ʦ֣֪ȥ
Ҷ˺һᣬ̧ͷ˵Ҳ֪СܻȽᣬǸ᲻¼ˣλʦǽռĻҿǽȥ
Ҷͨıʼǵ֪ϹʱڣԶڵɱȣҲ񻰴˵ǵ˺д߽һЩռӡ˳ȥγԼ޺ɵȽռ䡣
Ҷ֪ݽ磬һʺ޵Ŀռ䣬ԣԪӤΪٸ߲εľ磬ͲǽΪ֪ˡ
Ҷԭ֪ݽλãһЩĿռĽڵ㣬Щڵ㶼ǽ籡ֻ֮ҪΪܽ룬Ҷаսͳռġ
㲻ȥ
ҶĻ󣬹ļҶʱˣСʦܣ⼸ͷӴЩռ䣬Ҳڻҵȫմ֣㲻ȥȥã
Ȼ֮󣬹ļҵòʮ꣬ͨʼǵ֪ڽռڣʮ˱ȱȽǣǼʹȥˣҲɢһûĸܿǵġ
Ҷ첻ͬڻʮ꣬ѾҪ𵤴޵Ǿ޽еģԻΪڶ£Ķ
һ˵Ҷ첻κɣ𵤸ڽռҲһǿҶ죬ļҵҲȥˡ
ʦ֣ĸڣԶΣǰ֮ǰǲ뿪ģҶҡҡͷܼᶨʱûܺĸһԷǳϧڵ
⡭⡭
ļҵ˶ϱˣТ֮һֿ÷ǳأҶ˸ĸҲ޻˵ˡ
Щ֣ҿڽΧʦ֣ʦ֣ʵһЩʱҲǺõģ쳾ģδؾǻ£
Ƿռ䣬ҿҲЩìܣҲŮŮҲзŲµǣңҶĻҲת뷨ǣ֮нǸ硣
ðɣǽ죬ҲһԻӻͰСʦ˵İɣ
ϻ誺͹ļҶһۣ⣬˵Сʦܣ㼯Ʊͼȴʲô֪ɷóʦǿ
ҶǴХȥŷޣ֮Ȼ˷ܲѵХ죬ѽҶսɫؽһסĶͬˣȻҲûʲôĵط
Ȼԣλʦ֣вԪ̽Ǹ֣
Ҷӻȡ˵ⶫаԵúܣֿ˵Ԫ񣬶ƺϵľλʦ򲻿ɴ⣡
ҶأļҵҲҴ⣬ȴʶӦһ¡֣ƺĲüԪһ泩Ǵ档
Ҷֵǣ۹ļҼй޷Ҳ˵Լ֮⣬˸û취ʹⱾ顣
ϧˣ޷Ĺܣ
һ֮󣬹ļҽصҶûʲôңȻҲ޷ʹȥȡˡ
ʦҲǼʶģ
Ҷ˵ϲˮХվҶļҵĻЦ˵ʦǸ˲ǻûҵ𣿿϶μƫ̻ҿǲԣ
֪ва
ϷǷɻʧ½ǡɵҲʱˣͺʧһ㣬μһҶ죬޷ѯϢʱӵĻҶҲһ
߶ҪҶŵģѷĵطҪ˷ҶһƷʯܲһҲĻδòʧҶЩò⡣
Ҷɵӣļҿ˵Сʦܣ޷ȷǸҪܽҲȴһ
ãǾԣ
ʦֿ˿ڣҶҲԥ֮ϣ˵ͽɽȥλʦ֣ҲͷųԪⷢʲô⣡
ȻƿһЩĹãҶ컹ǲ˿Ĵ⣬ܸоõֻܻܶиôֻΪǳ޷俪
˺Ҷ˿һɾ֮뵽Уʱͨİɫ͹ĺɫγɵķǰ

Ҷ췭ɫҳԪĬ֣ͬʱָд֡


931 
¿˹˶ĳڣصĶͽ۵̻Ի͵ĶͷʶһǧݵĺͣҲ·ĳĴ裬ÿ춼Ÿ̬
ôðҪҪϢһ£
һĴСĶ̨ϣλƯŮɹٺԼĶĿͣ˹˿ҵڲʱˣÿ춼ܼЩǷ϶ֲȱǮĶĿ͡
֮˵ǷϣΪӢ˵һӢĻѪüͷŵģƯŮɹپʹûмЦʹһӮʮ۱ҵʱҲûһչЦݡ
ĳţȻΪҪ׬ǮģĶĿȻӮҲĳ˲ǧ۱ˣһǧӣƺûЩǮ
ֶĿͣĳȻǺܻӭģȻҲȥԷĵϸһ󣬶ĳ֣һλѪĸһλˣһСҵнǧԪҡ
һǰĸĸһγ˫˫ɥ̳˸ŲĽ䣬׵Ĳҵ˰ţÿƶĲ˿Ӧûڸĸ˫ʹ֮С
ٶֳӢǸǷϵףŮͬ飬ʱλСƯŮɹѾʾ˺öˣֻҪһ㷴ӦŮɹپͻȥġ
Ůɹʧǣ˾Ǹľһ㣬ʾûйκεķӦÿֻظŶĲ˯һľлܿڽ
Ѿȥʮ۱ˣû˿ֵӣŮɹ̲סһ䡣
һ˫˵ĺɫ۾ȴһӵĽ𣬽һǧԪֵĸ۱ҶƯŮɹٵǰ˫ضŲڵɫӣ˵ϢٸҶһʮԪĳ룡
ѪʵͲʲô̳ŲˣҶһֱѰٵ
ϷǲֻʶӺһֱһСϣʱΪҶѾɥϸһصģ³ϼ壬ż岻Ϊһˣûƾ֤½Լôġ
û뵽ǣ׼صеʱͻȻҶֵϢͬʱμҺͺŸ˸߶ֻͣҪṩ䣬һǧԪŪ
Ϣ׾ˣ֪ѾȫֻҪ¶棬ӭһǺŵ׷ɱͼļҷһɡ
벻Ҷǰ棬׻˵ߣڶʮͷӴҵʱԼһ·
ҵһй˺ɶûŮļͥһǮͨһϵеֶΣѳΪǺϷĺӡ
ЩϵƬҲ޷죬õԼԼһЩĶ۾֮⣬һˡ
ߵ˾·ʱѾõĺ·һҽԺԼòúƬϵĽȫһȻ󡭡Ƕ޹һĳŷѧĶ˳µؼ̳ǵĲƲ
Ǻŵ£¶ڣԸıԼ֮һ󵨵ľޣҾǺ͸۵ڵİš
õǵºڵһйȻЧͻ˻ӵĵطûκɹݣѰμҺͺţôû뵽ȻͶ˰š
һպϴȨʿҲܻͷǮ㹻ӻˣÿ춼켣˶ĳ֮У֪ԼһӻҪԽˡ
һ󣡡
ľȻؽһĳƵעȴββܸɵҶ죬»صִƴȨᣬôججضȹһӡ
һ򣬻󣡡
һ۱Եĳ룬ӳȥһöÿ춼ǮʵȴǺܿƣҾһϸ1000۱ңңҲ㹻ġ
ʱϵĳѾ˸ɸɾҡҡͷվҪͶƯŮɹٴкȥʱȴǷǸŮɹٽɫƺЩһ
ôˣҸ
ԼӣΪǸŮɹٶԼϵ۾¶һֵɫ־֮ƺͬͲ⣬ܲϲ
ףҵıôѪ
оЩζĨһ£Ѫ˳¶ȥ׼óһ¡
ͻȻ֣ԼĶû࣬ڴֺûһͬʱ˫ȷ·ǹǦһ㣬׹š
ô£ΧأЩ˵Ķôôѽ
Χӵһȫʧˣ۾ܿˣƵģǰλƯŮɹٵҲ𽥱ģ
ôˣ̧ûһԼԴŻţԼһСָͷˣƤԽԽ˻˯
ô˰⡭˹˶ĳ
ǽҪʧʱͻȻӲش˳еؿȺĶֵǣƺưͣκε
ʲô
ţڴ˿̣ͷһɫУɢϢ˹
һжˣ﷢һƬҵʱƯڰеӰ뵽֮УһҲ󿴵磡
ˣˣ
ʧѪˮ֣ľ£ʱһֱעϵǸŮɹڼΪ˭һ˱ãǶ޷ѹסеĿ־塣
ҲŮɹòЭģһװ˶òӢڶ̶̵һֶڣϵƤ˹ϣǹΧοȫŵûɢö˲ɧ
ѶϵıȻҲŵòᣬְڣóһӰʬװ˽ȥֻŵķΧˡ
Ȼʬ壬ȴǶ²סǵ죬ڶ̶̵ļڣĳֽʬĴžʹĳԭֵĶĳ˲쳣
зӦѵĽĻǸˣ۵У˵Ŀⶼϡ
һ֮˹˶ĳʵʱҶеͻȻڹʢҳеİɫâѹȥ֣ҲȾһʺɫ


932 ػ
Ҷ죬ôˣ
仯ʱ˷ҶɫЩ԰ף־Ȼ΢΢İӶȾһɫ󣬿ȥΪ졣
û£
Ҷ³֣Ҳû˵ǻؽضе룬˺ð֮ų˿ͷȻϸܵĺ顣
ӿڴҩƿеһļƵĵҩҶµؿ˻ָ˵ѾףûװôΪ
ȱʲôˡ
Ҷӣļæ˵СʦܣôˣϿ壬ʲô
ļҵ˶Ѿ뵽֪֮־ڣǺεȵĻȻ뽫һնǼ׵£ҶȻģʵ˳һ
ʦ֣û£Ԫĵе࣬ûʲôˡ
˽ŵӣҶЦӦòΪƿصģպΪ
Ҷʹùһеġ֣ǰʿٿ߽ϣʱӲؽ̩ʦšɳ˸ɣֻʣһƤ˹ϡ
Ǵζá֣Ҷ첢ûкķѶţֻڼʱЩдšɳվƺԸ㡣
Ҷû뵽ǣ˴дֺȴͬţһ㣬شֻϢ򣬾ͽҶۻһա
ˣҶĴʱǹȻĵԴԪƺҪҶضϺ֮ϵ첻
ʶšɳǾ߸ʬӣҶ쵱ʱŵһٵѳɣɵʮֿ죬ʹˣڵٵҲСһȦ޹Ҷ쵤֮лתš
Ҷ֮ͨ΢ϵƺһ˵걻УŶ϶Ѿˣ⵹ҶĲ٣
ҶĽߺ󣬹ļҳšɳѪʢܴϵõ䣬ֻһ鷲ˣ϶Ǻ֮ʹϳȡԪġ
ʵ͹ļѾʮˣϹŵһ챦ˣڣѾʮһ๦ܶ޷ʹó
ҲҿˣҶʱΪ޷ƿʹβ˻˻ǣ԰Ҷ˸ɡ
ڴ˴ʹһЩԴҶҲûŻعڸ۵
֮һϢ뵽УڰһҶĳڣһ̼ĸʬDNAȶԣǱӶԼ׷
ʱһ£ҶһԪκĴߴ£ʦֵһ˵Ȼص˾ǣȴ׼ЩǼ֮󣬴һéɽʦ

үӣӶûأôż𣿡
ϺĺǽԺҶرԹκ죬ǰŲŽԼҵĺԺžͱκ˵ȴѾõöӼ˫ûȵñ۴ޡ
Ҷ죬ҲǱǱƵýҪƽţǶȥ۵ˡ
κԿЦһ˵С֪֪ڰǰǳ±й֮⣬սһ˵СɱҲ̫ˣ̩ĹʦǸձ˸ɵҲˣӢҲɱأ
ǰӢñ߹ĲͬһƵ۹ӢȴǶʱʮ֮չһǿ۹磬ٽйĺ˽ʱľϰ
ΪܵѣҲǳĸӣټձƲйһ˺ܴѹ
ֻһжҶǸ֮ɢΪ˲Ҷзǽͷݣй⽻ŷǸջ֮кܸɴؾͽǸˡ
үӣİɣڣвһ°ˡ
κĽߺҶҡҡͷȻ޵˺ٸ浽ȥΪҶĲسŵҶ첢йһȫλնж
˵ŻҶκ뵽Ϻһ֦ҶïľŵС¥УҶտ뷿ţɳϵ߰˸ˣͬʱվ塣
ϣλҶĳɲҵ
ϯӭҶæ˹֣˴ЩϼһǣҲһЩ˵ףһͣżΪЧпɣҶ촦ԹΪأǾǲܵġ
Ҷ죬ǹҵĶ밡
ϯ˵ƺһ˿ܸǲ߶ҶĿ佱ѵõǣЩǾȻͬʱͷûκε顣
Ŷܣεõĺôٰɣ
ҶЦҲֱߵһɳȵҶϯܵˣŻҶ£ҶΧġ
ֹǲ١ص˵ͷ˵Ҷ죬ǰǸҴ˲μӵģйüˡ
Ȼйսǿ󣬵緶ΧڣȻֻܱչйңھó׾εڣĲ໹ǺܴںܶεϣӢȹҵ쵼ˣǻ᲻Ծ¶һЩԽС
ǰǸϣԴйϵ̬ȣȴǷһٰʮȵĴת䣬ԭļ˰ķУӢȹҸǾڲǰЩʱյľϰ
һЩؾþóĺ̸Уںܶ෽һֱòӢȹϵĽԭרй趨һЩȫϳˣؼǿйЩеĹʻȨ
ӵףӢȹڱضԼĳŵ
ߴУҶһ֦㣬ѹĳߣӢԼ˹ȹеظܵѹҲ˵Ǻ˵ֳһε巽ʽӰǷǳԶġ
ȻӢ˹ȹңҲй˿ߵĹ㷺Ҫڼ˵ĸѹ£Ҳֻܵͷͬˣ֮γίۣȴ˵Ҷġ
̸ǣѧû᣿
ܵ˼Ҷ¶һ˿Цйϵǻ̵Үգ˹̵ºĬЩˣдߣǵϵй˲ѧϰա
ͬй޵ϵҲѧȥģǧĻײУڻͨˣټĩʱй磬޵ߺͳֻԽԽ١
Ҷ죬Ҳֻػй֮꣬󣬶ҵȻҲʧġ


933 ʮ
Ҷ첻ΪȻӣܿ˵Ҷ죬ǱҪģǲǹʲԷǰ巸µĴǲٷġ
ϵǿ󣬲ĸҵĺ࣬ĸҵĸնǿ⽻õȶֳģУʵЭòҲǱزٵġ
Ҷ죬Щ㵽ΪֹˣھڣȻЩȾָġ
ܻ䣬ϯͳԲһ֪õĹʻγɵģҪûҶ壬Щָֽڹ׳йв۵ġ
λǰЭ𡣡λ˵ԻҶ¶ЦЦı飬ǰ˵˵ģΪҳһΣպң
Ҷ컰û˵꣬ƢֱԽİ𣬴Ҷ죬ôô˵ΪЧÿӦþ
ȿȣԣҪлú˵
Խ˼ϯæĻҶɲǵָǸ䷸ˣҲ㹻ֻ˳档
ЩΪѵؿһҶ죬ϯų˰Ҷ죬Ҳ֪ǵĹǱȲһЩҵģЩʱ򡭡
ˣö˵ˡҶ˰֣˵պЩ飬һµȥģλæҶĳͲˣ
ԼվйˣǿҲҶϣģȻ뱻Щ鷳ţϻǻȥνĽҪȥģ׻ϾҪХ˵ΪӦЩˡ
ãǾô˵ˣ
ԽƺЩϯæӦҲǵ˵ͷأҶ커ӵԸĵӳ˿ԹۣʱȻֵġ
Ҷ칰˹֣˵Ҷĳ͸ˣ
ҶΪľͲҪȥطʲôֻҪڳ˶ҶڵһʱܸӦĻҶ첢һЩɱӺ
ЩȻ֪Ҷֱ£ҶóĵҩֳֻҪǸ˼άˣǶȥЩаֶȥԸģϾڵλãҲǿһЩСֶξλġ

ɽˮéɽʼûܵȾԪ֮ɽҶаɽ˸ֻݹʱֵ＾ɽƮһɹζ
ʦʦֵˣͽﱲģһѾˣ
Ԫķǰ˸ּƷҶ콫ٹͷ˹ȥ֮󣬽˷ͷǰ棬ùһƿҺ䣬˵ʦƱͼΪѾȫϾȪ֮Ҳܰˡ
վԼȥˣҶͷҲǸеһԺ
ԭҶΪһֻʣԼڲλ֮ʦ֣ӡ
Сĵӽɽռһżѵ츳ڵռϣɽѾʤҶ춼޲飬ɽݳһ˿
ļҺҿˣҲ׻Щ棬ȡ˼ʷǳߵͽܣйУԼ²Ƕȥʦ
ھۼˣжʮһЩԾѵˣΪһպչ׳ĸҶԤϵõڰ֮һεʢ
Ҷ죬ʦ֮飬ҲԸοˡ
Ԫͷ󣬹ļҲпһ˲ĥѣԭΪԼɽ֣ȴûʶСʦܺ˷츲صı仯һĴš
ЩˣʦֵԪĹǰãȻ˵ʦڸˣҪûԪ˵˹켣ȫı䣬Բнĳɾ͡
Ҷ쿴˹ļң˵ʦ֣ͶʦѾСˣûҪһ磬ҪȻǰݽ紦ҽͽȥɣ
Ҷ첻ͬļѾ꣬ʹϽҲһӣڼ޳ɽ𵤴վҪһġ
Ǽʹݽǵ֮ĵط𵤴󼰵ľ磬ļҺҿѷ׽磬Ҫһȴϼˡ
Сʦܣǵ㡣
ļҡҡͷ˵Һʦҵռ䣬Ҳں쳾֮жһľ֮պҲ°빦ġ
ļȻ˰ͣ츳֮ߣʵϻ֮µģ̣ǺƷʦཻĪ棬һ۵Էɾмо
ĶҶĬдһıʼǺ󣬹ļҵóһۣǾ޵ģڽ뵽ĸҪֻҪ絽ˣ𵤴Ҳңɼġ
ãǵʱʦֵ˾ͬ޵磡ҶҲ׹ļ˵ĵպҪֶ˶ʵҶҲ̲סѪȡ
ɽ˰֮Ҷ˻صɽĵۣΪһķأټҶÿ궼Ҫסϼ죬Ե۱࣬ҹҲ
壬ô廹𣿲˴ɨͱЩˣǰҶǰӹһеɨѡ
ܵ۵ģȻǶ׳СѾް׷ˣɽľˣȴʮӲʣ⼸ոÿ춼ҪɽΣȥһЩɽҪ
Ҷ죬𣿡
Ҷɨѣ˵һٻܳ⣬Ҫǲһ£ˣȥæɣСˣء
ã壬СھǻһֱտأͷİɡҶЦŵ˵ͷҲû˵ʲô
ҴˣҶ츸ĲЩҶҲû˻رҴĸס
ֻҪҴĺӣ˾ǵһЩѧҸȫѧѺѣܶ˱ҵ˳ǽ汲ũ
ɽס죬ڷס˼գҶŷ˾ǣڹļҺҿûлطۣǽ鲽ȫǵĻ˵Ҫ쳾ܴӺ쳾нѳ
ص˾ǣҶ콫ԼΪӡҲûпȥرܺǻǵĿȫͱһͨˣÿж伮֮⣬ǺͶϷ֣ƽ
ʱһת۾ʮȥˣѧҶѾСѧҶĹùҲˣޱҲµĺۼ
ѹԼʮ꣬ʮ֮УҶû˹һΣֻϸζ̬֮մȾ˷̻


934 Զɽ٣ϣ
Ҷ죬ӲôСܣҿɲġ
ҶǸĺԺУɷ˵ŻȻѾҪʮˣŵϿκµĺۼһ統Ҷڻ԰ӭǸ崿Ů
ҶﲻСˣôʱ͸ʦȫˣǻΰûںã
Ҷһߺ˵ŻһԺдµд֣ʮҶ˶ɵ伮֮⣬ֽСϰ鷨ÿҪǲдϼ֣̹
Ҷ˵Ҳ˺ܴı仯ϸܲκ޵ߵϢȥһͨľӼˣÿ춼ϰߵǻΪ׼͡
öӺȣСһӻˮӿʵúܡ
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ͷʵǻԿģŶҶöÿ꺮ٸ湶ļȫľǲ⣬ƽʱûΪЩ졣
ŭӣҶеëʣԱߵϴϴ֣Цţ·ʤ飬㲻õĵģСӹúܣ
˵ӣҶҲЦ⣬ӶԶӵ˽Ҫö࣬Դ̥ͱҶ֮Ҷ֮ǵֲסⷲȾһͨС
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ӰҶſʼʽ̵޵ǴСµĻҶֳ츳Ŀ࣬ÿһٶȣʮһʱ򣬾ȻѾǺ۷Ϊˡ
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Ҷİڳɽ󣬺ѵȺڻڣѾʮȥȴҪʮǰˣɫһͷ׷ںڣȥǸʮˡ
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ſһ£ıɽǰӭǣգۼͱһ׶೤ôδչ¶ΪҶĿɿڴ


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Ҷ簮ӵԴ۾Ȼһתͷ̶ȿڿȥһΣŶȻվ˹ȿڣЦѣˣ

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ְ֣ҪȥôأһԵСҶƺҲ˵ʲôץסҶ֣ɲｫ״ߡ
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мռ磬ҶûŹģ浫٣֮ݽĻҪ࣬Ҷжһ£պѡ񲢷ֻһݽ硣
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ÿҶ춼ŸȥгˣΪһëǮܺ˵Сϰ죬ڳԼʱҶǻ¶Цݡ
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Сʦܣô˵ʦģպɾһģ
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Ҷصص˵ͷʮԣԶɹ׽жɰգȻûкǰ̬Ҷţɽٳɹļ߳ϡ

ʱһɱ֣µţܶʧˣǰȨ»ƽգ󶼲ǻһgΪ
ʮϯһҲȥˣ̳Ҳ֪˶쵼ˣΨһǣÿһε쵼ˣǻںص£ȰݷþһͨĺԺ
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