==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================
ۡ
ߣһƷȸ
Դأǿ֮·BS³


һ һռ


001 ·
Դ½ԵиعŹ
һ峿Դ￤ľ޴¥ǰͣһͨͨһһСҲǺϵʮ⣬СҲʮӣϵǰڿŵļδ󺺵һŰ˼ӡ
Դ￤λǰλͬСɣÿշÿ£ôλϰΪֽӹҲûл۹ⲻڰϣļвԾĴ֣Ųɵһ΢΢˵Ժͨ
˵ܽڡ
Сȥͨ¼Ƕ˵Ŀ֣
ֻһṦڱʮǰĺȻףһЦݲҪ⣬֣һǰ׳һѱסһҡΡ
˭ѽԷأ붼ˡʡ
·괺
ԭֲá
ڷֿĿԣ۾ͨ죺磬Сˣδˣ㵹˼֡ȹС֮СһֱĲ£Ĵ˵»ҲûΪ·ңҲ磬ɺۣ
·괺չһЦ˵·ҵҲػᣬЩС£ֵܲ÷ϡ
˫Ŀʪ粻ᣬСôءǴһٱػλһޣﻹܿõ˰һλǡ׿ԣһ֮£һǸʮעĿ곤Ŀ㣬һ˫ǳ㾧עȴģ˼£űһ£һĽһ˿ȱչǵǰ
ܵĿ⣬·괺̾Ϣһ
Ȯ·ޡ常·괺˵úΡ
һ˵·޵֣ǰ˵Ŀⶼתϡ˵Ŀжһ˿ʧͱӡ
·ްǸ
ֶ˵̫Ϥˡ
ɺδ¶СҪץˣһֱƼء
·ңػᶼǲС廹һڻ𡭡
վԶĻ۹Ѽֲˣ䣬һƶֱ䵽ΰĹ⻷ﰵ䳯ȷĻҲ֪٣ʹ⣬Ѿκα仯
ңСطˣɫ·˻Ҫǿö࣬ߣЦһң·ĵ΢΢Цʩһ
һЦ
úã߶߶ֶһ˲ţǻͷһμ˵룡
ִֶ·޺šһʮ˹˰״Ժ䣬ǰ裬Ը汸ƣһæҡ·괺ȴԽԽǳ
ײôģٳٲǸδĶϱԭֻһ޶ķϲݡ½ϣһȭͷ˵ɸ书һƽӵܣͷвͨġ½ϴСٲѹ㲻ǿֻбԵԼеӵܣ书;Աͷ·ûһͨ˸ƽĶ
Ҳ˼ˣԶԶ͵һǸҵ׼үʱڼߵ꣬ʱձΪԼ͸׸еѹ˺ٿλС˵ЩĻ·ָָ㡣
ϯܿϣҲǸңһʱ䣬ʽϡˮһӣЩݵ˾Ͷ㡣һŴ˲ʮˣַྴϯϻȳ죬ÿΪϣ·괺һƶմմϲ·괺·Ҽ书һ;ϵ·Ҷеĵһˣѽ޼۷״̬ڻûһܽһ˵ˡ
ߣеķҡҡҺܿӦ֪һҲһ·ҵһֵǻǰţмһ˼
׼·괺ſ˼Σܲ˼ɺڴˣֻܸ㣬޷СѾͷĲһᵽ·Ҿǿ֡·괺Ͻ䣬кǸ⡣
·ڸ׵ףûһһξƣûһӦкһ£ľȻ֮Уͬûһ㣬ֱӱӡ
ߣ·ԽԽ䡣
Եһ룬ӴһȺ꣬Ҵ䳡СӵܡкŮһֺĽô
еõʾļ˹ȥס꣬һСֱͶ⿴
ֵ£ȣڳԿԶȴóš˭ĸܵЩĿⶼԽԽ䵽·ϡ
иŮƮȻһŹüĿ续ĸոɬ͹ѪšӽӲУһԵ˵ɺɺķϹˣǲҪȢѽȥһ
д˵⻰̫ˣǣƪôҲӲڣ̹£Ѫڵ㣬ȸ֤㲻ڵģ


002 ʿ׵Ů
һķϲģҲɺãҶġһɺԴһЩŮ˵
㻹һ书ٺҲûʲôϢˣ˭ƵķϲϹ˵ؿɺСױ仯еֿ˻ɺ书òѹһأҲֻ͵ƽЩ
ƾʲôȢҽ㰡᲻һ߸еô׶ʱձ·괺һ˱ӣӽŵڣѾ޷еķŭˡ
װӣҲСҪǿĶӣĴ
еıһţƺ˲٣ϢӲľʮ֮ࡣ
ڼͷһһÿ˶Ϊ֮Ҳûжãɲ¶ۼ̲΢һ¶ûУȴûһܹ
۷壬Ȼţơ
Щˣҽʯɣҽһ£ҲýϵãгһմˮɾѿˡǺǡ·괺ӲӲЦ
ֻȺҪǵ˴һ֣һâԼıŮĿжѹ
ɺҲͷһӯ߽Ŀǿһ°壬޲ɷ߹һʱڼ°ˣۿС˾
һָЦݵ·Ҽλҳ˵ģҵĴˣعŹ֮һ·Ҽ·ǿ˵
׻һ䣬ɺ壬ȻԺУСһ֮£Ҳֻһͬ£ԺйһƬִֻмʱſõ
·괺΢ȥ
Ҫױһоæ˹ȥ
ȻϣС·괺ǰӲĲû˪Сų
ɺ˵·ĴҹŲ㵽þֶŮһ˵ֿͷȥ
·괺һ֣£ǰ»ԼСɺһٿҲᶩġ̻ͷۻеĶӡҪվҪҲǰ취Ц˵ǣɺֶŮȻѪңһһ˲ţɫöࡣ
˵ɺ񣬾ͲҪ·Ժȥɡ
Сﲻһ˫ֱţظһ飺󲮲ң
˵ǡ·괺΢΢ü˵
벮һջǰĻԼֶŮͷˡ˵ſͷȥ
Ժʱϰˣһʱѹȸȫľһ㣬Ȼµôһȴ벻ڴ֮ͥðȻ˵ÿﶼһ
µͥ˵ڵԲˣ·괺һǶ⡣еģʮ˵һ·괺˵Ǿܵġ¾·괺˵ʲôӴļ׷ŹһССô
·괺ȥͣڰ·һŭ
Բһ裡·޵еγѪ߳ԺУϬĿǰǰûһ˿ϾõŮһÿҪϴ裬ʮǰ壬ӶľԻŮӣ
ôôôһ֪ҾԶǸϲô
Ȼֹȥ
Ŀֱֱ
ɺһ̧ͷܼ尾ꡣͷһμӢϣһ˫ƤϬŵؿܽӴӵûһһĿݣзһֲеĳ졣һʱӳԼֱվ
ԭóףñĳǡ
Ҿ·ޣģҾͽ㣬ֻ²Ӧ˵ӦѧôرˣҲǱ˸ġ˵
ȺҪеؿһֱ꣬˵ĻȥֻǸʮꡣȺеļСû뵽ῴһ꣬Ǹҵķûһغ֮һʱͷ¹ײ۹
ôܻǸķء
ﰡ
·괺غһ
һ£亹ŭŮûмҽ̵ĶҴˣȻ
СŮûһ˿أǿһգ
·괺ŭҲûȥ·̧סˣ壬λ£Ҳļҽ֮
ס֡
·괺ӡ֮ǰƶ˵ģأĿദȴûǰ¶֪ܲʱǼ󿼺˽ô㵽ܴ˴衣
˲һģҪϵΧҵȥġ
Ƕ·˵ͬǳ衣
·ȥŮ֣㿪ˣѾվɫ΢΢ס
Ϊһﰤֵô޺޲ѡ


003 
˱ŭȥôҲ벻Ҫ
Сӵǵﱻ٣ɾ޷ڼһ֣һϯ޲и̾ⷬʵ˲òĿ࿴ȴ֮ԱǡҪ˵زȢɺ
ǵ̫ˣҲᷢĴ͵Ϯһʮ꺢ӣֹ¡壬Σʮͻﵽʿĸ߶ȣٶȣעŹأ˭һмͻƳĶֳأܱ˻鵤ѾǸ漣ˣ̾Ϣ
ȻȻͷ
磬£Сһʲô㣬ģҾǴСҲҪ޸ֶ֮󣡡ҧ˵ڵһӿ۳һֻӨ˸ţεͿ
˫ĿͨĿԼŮ
ɺһԴֻҪҡȥֻʯѱһͻ䵽ͷϡ
ɺһ˲ĿˮӯӯҰɣҲЦˣ²ҵģ
ֻң壬£Ժ˵òáһһֻͷûءս޺Ȼ˵
̾ϢһȻ˫ϥһ䣬һ·괺ǰ磬С°ɣҾһί
˽Ǵ󾪡ͬһһ֮˰عڱ˽£ǵ޿κεزˡ
·괺æֽ𣬼Ứ֪һϣ̾˿˵͵ܣҾͰСˣǵĻԼҲǿֻ·⣬ּеڳϲݣ͡
仰ģȴԺɵһݡ·ң޾ͿԽ壬Ӵ½Ĩȥ
Ҿ·һֽ顭ɺȻ˵
֣ŭȡ
ûϵҹòá·˵
˵ϣһ߷߽ӡ
·޺ȻһЦתصϯϣԼԭλãԹ˳
Ե°鲻˵
ҲˣȳˡһЩɳɳתͷȥȴС顣СѾͷʮ꣬õҲƤ΢ڣ죬Сһֵӡʱڣ·޵Ķ棬ȭ˵·ˣСͬһԷɷ񡣡
·޹һЦһֻӸԴȫԺĿǳУʮֵĹ졣
·괺׵һֻ֣һͬصϯϣһʱҷ׷ٷȥ
ʮ˵λм
ϧǸ书ķȻǼ𵽱̾Ϣ
书ȻɺôõŮӾ͹ˡСһʮ߰꣬һֱüû˵һ׵ףüϸĿһ˫۾ʼзţһֱɫؿ鷢չûһٶĿҲʼǸϣ粻Сӣһ˻鲻ɣֻгɱ㣬˵ɱһ̫ݣҲû취ˡ˭ɺҿϵأ
󣬷֦ͶࡣһϣڶģɺıҲ㲻ϡղԹڶᣬʿףɺûҪףͬнȡļɱһʮ꣬似òţֻƽŸƨһĳС·޵Ŀƽ翴һʺ
װţҲǸûõķ½ֻȭͷ˵㣡
ڴ½ϰƽ񵽸壬ÿ˶һ룬ǧĻۣѾԼһ׷ּ׼ףؽף߽ףƽףĽ׵ĹɺֵԷΪʮΣ壬ʿߣʦޣʥʣڣÿΪʮסͬһҪȴ似ƽף߽׵ؽףףÿ׵Ĳ𼫴мֳַΣÿ似޲ǰˣսɱ¾ڻɣмľ΢仯ֻʩ߲ˡ
ùŶ˸Ӷˣϵͬ£ڸĴתת䳡ϣ˵䳡·ҵƺСö࣬ǧȴҲƷǷȻԺԺתһȦ·޲רѧһٲһ
תԺ䣬ԱڸŮסһȴһСԺ䣬һ׸µǽΧԺھ˵ĳһ·޻ûƵĴɡǼ߼ʣ֦Ѿڴˣÿ߹ԣԸܵһּصѹ·޶࿴˼ۣϴСԺȥһ


004 
棬СԺǳ࣬Сԣ߲Ĵʮ˺Χſɣ֦Ҷïһֻ޴ɡǸС֮ϣСԺ£Ե·վ£¶һ˿ϲţصôŨزԸӦԼܼκεطŨö࣬Ǹɶõ书ĺõطôõĵطΪʲôûסأѵǸӦ𡣡
Դ½·ǿǰͱÿˣҪСǰܹ̫Ĵѹ·һͷģﵽͷʺֻҪһпܣͿʼѧ嵽ͻʿʱʮ꣬ʮ꣬һЩµСӲŸտʼӴҲ벻ֲֿٶȣ˸𶯣ҲĸĴʦϮﱻֱԭ
ǿͨ˵ĸӦȴŵĻٻϵûûҹսǿʮ겻ϵ壬ʹĽ糬ͬˣʶû뵽վڴ˴ʮУΨһһӦһ
壬ʲôʡ
ԭƺ˭Ҳ治ʲôˣҲҵүү˵ġ
ŶҲܱ𣬿ˣǧ겻ֹ˰ɣ·괺̾
լرǧˣ˵ƺӡһϽӿ˵
ꡭ𾪵Ŀ
Ϊʲôûסأ·ʵ
ĹϵһֱԾֻ˲ſסΪйһױҲĹϵס׻һԾͿˣҲûԸסЦ˵ʮûˡ
壬סҲ֪㲻㡣·޺Ȼ˵
һ䣬һ㶡һ˵Ժ䣬ôһסҲ̫·ҵ˰ɡ
׿Цֶٿڸǧסİ
ǰ޶طȷʵʺס·괺˵
ϲϰ䣬ҿﰲĶЩ飬壬ʹӦ˰ɣٺõסҲԼסźãǲǣϲΪ飬طֱרΪ׼ģϲ·βסеϲ˵
ȴһ¡⺢˼̫ˣٵĵطšһţһر𣬻һˣҲڡնϷԸʰһʱ乤С·һ
ҹڸĿͷڡ
·ͣ±ʣдüдú۵𣬷뻳
죬·괺˽Ӷԡ׳ϵһֻɫָǰ
һֻռָ󵽿ݵһС¥ֵǲ޷Ķг򲻵ġ
·һòϵģҴ򲻿ڸŸô
·괺ſһֻֻ֣ϺȻһֻһģһġĸҽģȵܹˣʲôҲĸ׵һδժռָرǧһǧĶ棬һأĸֻҵҪöࡣҵĽָȥףѪ쵶似鼮һЩҩĽĸֻʮ￪⣬ʲôҴӦĸףҲֻ㣬ָֻĸ״Ӽģĸ׵ļ壬·Ҳ鲻㸸׼ѣȴĸװȵġǳ·ҲġΪ·ҵһ·Ҫɲ⡣ļ弫п·޷յ˵ģЩ꣬Ҳʲ޶ʣӦúĸ׵ļѪͳйأ޶ԶΪĸ״ûĹǾһӣҲ˵Ҳܸܵģ˵ҵ޶ͨӣгһջһ˵ģ
·ͷԭԼһĸףȻһ书ɲĸֻ֡ɫĽָСĴϣ̸е˳ءֻССĽָװ˶ٶʮ꣬粻һ߿ɱȣ϶ܳܵˡ
߸ף·Ľָ΢΢ʱһСԴȻ̽ţһЦ·磬Ҫ˰û˰ɣ˵۾ת
ȻǸʮ顣
Ǻǣɣûˣʲô𣿡СѾͷ·ޣмøеһˣֻԼεʱ򣬴ǰһͬԷССľٶ·ܼǵһ
СһĽȻӻͳһֻͨͨһֻҩŵǰ
һ˫۾ؿꡣ
ʲô·￴
СһȻϢġҼҵɾģҴҴүү͵ģøϿඣҹһͻֵᷢģһȥƵĲء
Ϊʲôѽ·ͷһȣǸѪӣֻܵĴ̫ˣһĮ
ˣǰСƨӣͲôˣǾȻǶǿˣСѾͷ
ȷʵǰʲôͻȥɣҳԹʮҲˣõġҲ۲ûطЩɢ˰
ǿɻˣܲ취Ÿȥȡ𰡣ƿʲôģ𡣡

·СϺ¡
Сӣȥҩȥɡ
СԵʧĵĿ˰·ޣûһ˿Ե˼ЦЦ˵
ҿɵÿ㣬·磬ҩûððɱͷ͵İ
ǵģҩаģ㲻Լˡ·˵
ˣҲΪôүүԲ·ˣæɣҵøϿа죬÷ŻȥץҾˣ豣ӣСѾͷҵˡ
ڶһ磬·괺Ƕȥ·ҲʽᵽǸСԺ˸Ѿͷ̺ܾˣݵ⣬ɳڼҵĲ¥ȻһЩͽ鼮ڼҲô󷽵Լӵ׶
磬ոЩ·Ȼϣһƿüܣ壬ŵСϣҲϵӿ·һһüоһĻһϰ伸ʮĸֿһҧԾϢεûмʮĿﲻġ
ӿ壬·޸оõһӨСγС¡λá
أһΣſйϣããȻĿ⣬һĨɫһҹ࣬۵˲ɢˡתӿɼٶɢȥ
ģҰ
·һԾµأԺУǿȥĽŲͻأĻҲûз磬޴֦ɾȻԼ
·Ҳû⣬˽ӣʽŴʼĿ䡣֪ʲôаȻ뵽ôķԼȭͷڴֲڵƤϣܿ죬ûõ˿ٴҵϡá޶ĿѪҺÿһ֮ƤϡʹģľˣʹҲòôԡ
Ҳǹ죬ͷһĵطڶ׼ã·޾һ
žž
ȭϡ
һǧȭȥˣž
·һҪͣ˼ûСĿⶨضɣ·ԵĲһ֪޾࣬Щ۵ǡ
žž
ѪҺϵϣɵƬľơ
ž
һȭϣ·Ȼסˣһ̾ϢԼĵĪ
ͳһ޷һ̾Ϣв
ô£
˭
ʵ
ŶõǸԾ
ôǺֲİ·޽Ŀ˰žСԺֻг
Ҿߣҵô£
Ҵ㰡·޼ٵתѰûˣСԺ˵ģİҲй
Ĳǹɣ磡Ǹֺͷ
ôҵʶ˵
磬˰ǿõù
·һĿǿģ㻹治һһüӰѾСȭֻ
žһʹǸҲӴһ
磬ҷˣٴˣ
ôۣûи·ơҶûۣ
ߣƾСȭͷǴҵģ
·һȭִ
ˣˣˣȭͷ˲ңܲ˵ϵѪŶѪմҵϻһʹжһһҹʱܰˣİôƨãİ취аɾͣҾȭͷӲˣҲûõģȥɡСҶ㣬ݣ
˵ô˵·ƵǿԵ


005 ռ
ҶһˣҲаˣЩ꣬ûУ֪޽ܴʼ𣬿ڳ߱ȱȽǣż˵䣬ʲôɴСֵġ
ǣͦİ㳬˰ɣ
ʣǸʲôҰǰˡٺ٣˿Ҫ𾴣ٴ˰Ҫ˰
Ҳ似
ٺ٣أСһȥɡڲƣˣ
·޺Ȼе׹ܰﵽ˰ɣһ
Уһô򡭡
㲡òᰡúõȥգùͷֶˣŰ񰡡
֪书伢ȷ·ŭ
ͦãǸڼҵļ֪࣬㣡
ҵˣûЩյյȫûˡ·ơ
Ŷ£ϣҸӦһ¡һСӲҪɣǿеÿˡ
·޽ϣһᣬǸȷʵûзĿռ䣬Ҳ֪ĿռģȷʵûУ£Ϊ˶еġ
У˻ˣҪȻҲġ
Ŷ
ûҪ˵ġ·̽ʡ
š
ú룬Ҳ㣬ҿҪˡ
ȻᡭǷޣ൱ȻиĵطˣһܽһĿռ䡭˵Щԥ
ɣһ𰡡˵ˣĽ𰡣
ֻһҵĿռ䶫ﵹȱҲûϵûɲɵĲŪˣٷңǿ͸ˣҵ˵
ˣ㲻ңҲŻῳ㣬ѾˣҲںٲһΣܱǴθҵ꣬ûˣ·޴ߺȡ
˰죬·һһֱ˵ô˭üΪͻȻ˶̾ɣסң֣ҲܷſͨѿռŽȥûǿҪĳ̶ȣ;֣ͣǿûľȵģȲһ磬ĸϺЩ
·һ⻰֮ͬһ㣬ϲ֮ɫԱɣû·ѡ·˫һ׹⡣ȫɣϣһᣬأһ͵ľ޴֮ӿڣǰʮѨͬʱйɼӿ롣
壬Ϊӽ壬һӦʹӿ룬׵Ȼɾ޴ֻÿֲݡ
ӿ룬·ǿͨһ˲˺ˣûһ˿ͣȻһ·룬ɵ
ⲻҪ𣬡ˣĶĳȫһʱ޴ʹһ·ڰг飬Ҳܿ決ľʹ·ֻȫ˲ȥ
Ҫܣ޵̫ˣұºһͬ޲ڿٲ޲СˣҲãٲõ˿ˣǺǡ
Ц
·۵ȥƫƫͷѣ¾͸㿳ˡ
ǺǡСޣ˼ҸӦõѾͬһˣȫ˵㣬ŰǸɵϡ
ӿһ֮ϢͬѲľ磬ЩѪغϣγһµļȱĺ͵µľ硣
찡ʲô˿ľ磬Ȼֻһ顣
油һ죬һ·£澭һʱͬʱһɴƣ飬һ֮޲·޼зŵĳЩЦۣʲôʹȵЩĿ𣡡ãȵҳɹˣҾǺúÿǰˣٴĿҲԹˣҪ׹ۿ˵͵У
ʹķΣ⼸ɾ޴ͬһط
Ҫɣ
˲ŶСޣ
䣡ཻ·޵ĵһη飬ظһʱÿյģʶҲģ
䣡ཻ·ȫ·ѪɽԼҲƮƮġ
ûôǺǣݣǾͱż


006 
֪˶ãѪ⿪ʼغϣ·ʶҲЩﴦɵģǹ޴Ϣڲ޸·һ縧ȻһĸȪ͸ˬ
·ѿſϣȫʹľ˳һҲ붯ˣ¡һɺѪ״ճϣһԶһ֮£ͻȻըѿһ£һٿ㡭
ǺǣޣԵܽܵҵĿռ䣬ӽңңġ
ȻЦɣɣҲҪȣ
ֻƬ̣·ӵ˯ˡ
֪˶ãὫ̧˾˰·ˣ
ǸƽʱԼȥԷѾ·ۿЦ˵һûء㣬˰ɣ
ǸཱུСѾͷעĿһ˵һѪ·ӣˣըʬ˵һŵû˹ȥ
·޴ϥһһṦһγ˿ƣڣˮɰޱͨķɿﴦ¸ûʲôγһСʱڿеĵﴦ縧ﾹȻⰻȻǹɷɵһ±Ƭɫסˡ
ǵġס·޼ȷϺ׹ɺҲɢȥˡ
ﴦģƬɿתţۣһһССͨ徧Ө̵С۵ͦǸطͻͻģûκ֦Ҷǹ
·΢һһʹС죬ޱȺľмһһС̣ϲһйָܡһͻˣ壬ͻˣ
·£ָǿôм˵ллǣػ˰
Ҳûʲô֮Ͷѡ˼żһκ£оǺˬģǺǡû㰡ĶӦǴȻԼǵֲסһţ˵Ҫһ͸ûˣԳұؾǿ񼶵㵽̶ֳȾ͵ˣûת𣿡
·һ㵣ԼεͻƣԺڴ²пܣǲ˵ԼⱲӶ벻𣡡ϾҲлһ£̫ˣʰĸо̫ˡһ̫ˡ
ȿȣʵҲа취ģҲû취ģҴﵽ񼶣ѣҲû͸Ҿͺĺһºˡȿȡ
˵зСԶҲûϵ·޼
ǴҰˣҲ˵ˣǷ飡
ãȿ˵·ȭͷҪǸĵ׺ǺǵЦ
ѾĵˣòŪֵģ֪ĶֻҪõϣҲᱣģСӡ䶯ˣʶɴѵֲĺûôΪ˭Żһ£Ҿ͸ôģЦҿҲκβңοССޣˣ˵ǡҪ˵·ѾĹ£һ˼ͷͷȥﶼ˵һʱ䣬еǰõ
⵹˼ҲˣǺǣû뵽׬˸һͽܡҲͦ˼ģкñį꣬Ҳֵˡϧûʲô似㣬ǿؾģһ㻹˵ĺá
ĲˣʦһӶģҵһλʦһʦ·˵֣ء
ǺǣΪģ֪ͺãҸĶԽ㱾ʮҲ࣬ʮĸСһ˵㷢ˣûĸ޻ٶȣұһֱ㣬˵ĻٺٺǡҵһܸռʱͲΪҵȥʧȥܡȻҲô׻Сĵá
ʦ˵һһռĴڣһ𣿡·ʵ
ȻĶҲ޺࣬һЩޣǳҪ׵ö࣬һٶǰ⣬ҵʶһλ·ʶ˵ҪԺһλĴڣȥһεͻơʶһҪǿ󣬼ﵽ۷壬ֻ޽ͻƲˣͻɢˣͷϣܵõһռ䣬޷ԶܸģȻڵ壬ҲִȻĿռܹܣֿ͵ģֻ㱩õԺȥֻǻأҪܵõλİǷ˰
ԭҵռ䰡ⲻø𡣾ǲ֪ǣ᲻ỹûߵǰͱĳ˰Ҫ
ţȻпܣǶ⣬ҺܰԵġ˼άʽѾͬ಻һˣԹͨģһҲܳأ
һɡô˵½ϲӵռ𣿡
ûģ˭ûпռģ඼У޵Ľĳ壬޵ֽо壬УΨûˣӵпռʱ򣬱˵Ŀռ޷ֲģụִյ±ϣҲǶһݵĹȱҪ׵ö࣬ǺǣҪ죡
ҿɻһꡭ
·һͻȻ뵽⣺ʦΪʲô겻ȴٰȥһٶ꣬Ŀܴöడ


007 Է
Ǻǣ岻ͬģһ겻ᶯٻһҲпܣǶѪ֮һ쾫ػǵóЩǣڰͻƵ񼶲ӣѾˣѵҪǧ𣬺ǺǣҵıҲʦǡֲҲ˵ԺҲᶮġ㻹ǿϵѪŪϴϴԼɣһСѾˣҪ鷳ġ
·ԼһĺѪæܽСݣһϴʱһͰˮϴһ飬ŻǸѾͷһһããȻſ۾·˵Ļϲ
ô˯Ⱑ·
СѾǰǸѪ꣬һʱӦ·үû°
ǰһ˯˯һ𣿡·Ц
ûҺ˸ΣһѪүû𣿡
㿴أҾûУ
ǰ̫ˣȥǰ緹û뵽һͿѵвүĺܺãˣȥСһҩˣⲡᰡ
ûµģ̫ˣС㣬ȥǰ𣬱һǵȼˣɾͲˡ
СѾ۹һ±æѽߣҪ˰
һǰһ󣬿첽СԺǰö
ܽǰóԷҲʮˣ϶ʮˣȫִƴֵһĳӣһȴʵǰ;СһһƽʱҲ·̧ͷȴʵʵһζǰһλﵽſɿƿ֪ڶһףһԱߵһλ
һλͬ˵һϵ𣺡ְ֣Ҷˣֱµ
ͬ˶ЦĿȥȴأʱͽһ˱棬ʮϾٽʯǽٽʯߣȥѾͻƵʿһʮ꣬ø׳ʵƤڣĿҲͬһͷţ
֪ô£ţһֱڶᣬѾͷƵʹʹȥ
Ͼһŭʲôû·ӻû𣬿ûôȳԣѵһҲô
ֶŮҲˣ·Ҳ̫ǵˣһأһߵ˵
ظмĿһ͡תͷҲ֪һŭٶϸġʱ£ٲҶԡ
صϰ֣һʦǿߣһ⣬ȻҲ죬ȵòͣʱһа˶ϣصĺһ˵磬Ҫٽȥһ£һ˵һСƨӣҲ̫ˣж»ŰأСҲܵʱ䰡㿴Ҫȳԡ
תһۣĿһ˿ɫߵܣҵù·ҵĴû·Ԯ֣ڼܲڻǸ⣬˲һʱʲôϵأ
ǣǣ˵ǣҾǾ·⺢ӣ·ҲûʲλԣֻΪ˵һ飬Ҳ̫ԵݣҪһƺҰͽ·ƵģǼҼЦһǴ˵˼˵ĿⶼͶϡ
۹䵭ĿֱĿԽԽ䣬ҲҶӲ˻
ҵһ죬ҵĹؾҶģǲҪˣǲŮһĿǳ廹ʲô˵ϣһܰ壬ΣʮͻƵʿףһһ㣡۴½츳ǾΪٴδ漣ߣҲ彫кڵһ죬һ룬һпܳȴҪһۣʲô
һϯûΪеģмЦһﱻ٣ţλǲηˣѵ˵øǶʲôˣˣߣ
·ˣǱ˵εġһɳɳ˵һֱעĿ⣬һС϶ѹһģ·޳ҵʱ𣬾һֱעһֱ΢üͷϣһһλҵС㣬Ϊ֮Ȼʮ꣬һֱ˹ػСһŹıˡ
һ·޽ʱ͸ܵյĲͬ

ȻҪеĿⶼ֮ڣ۹ʹÿҲࡣ޼ɵıӣɽѹ£ȻµߵΪŵϣ壬ˣ
һЦʲôϵԷɣ
һ·ĿͶ·һ̧ͷȴеλߵĴϣɽ
ңСѣҪһ㣬ǴҵʱСѾû˵𣿡СӣڼҲҪ˵ˡµСֿ
ԲүүСѾ˵úһµˡҪͬԺҳԷͱˣ鷳͹ȥ֪вС
·֣ãޱ˵


008 ɽ
һ˵Ҳò⡣ڼеĵλҲ˵
ֶҪףڼһģ⣬̫ˡ˵
ǣ·޴ӦԷ
û˼ƽϣøϿСԺȥ
ˣһ˵ˡԱһͻȻ˵
ʲô£׿ȥǱܡ
ǿɽѧĿš˵赭дβסѽĽй¶š

һɧ
ȱǵһηʵϷֳϣաͬһڣͬһãǵ׻Ƿֿһ֧ڶᣬڿ룬ܣڶǷ֧еˡ
ڿΨһһҽɽСеĽߡ
ɽǸعŹм֮ϵһ޴ص֯ûĵϸû˸ɽеһۣԱȲľ޴㡣˵Źһӵͷ죬жɽָ¡
ţд£ؼһҪ¡ضԴһٺú¡
ڶ׵ķӦ⣬ǽ˵оǣͬһͬĻһλҲϵá
˵ɽλԾ˵ͬʱһߵ·ޡ
ǰλɽͬһֱãһ͡
ڶĻ䣬еĿⶼԼͬͬһˡ
ɺ
ɽҪɺһʱͺ͸ˣ٣̧ͷҲҶڿʲô취ղλɽĿģͳλСĹϵ
̾Ϣһһߵ·ޡ·һֱͷԷ˵Ȼδš
Թ·޼ææĻصСԺ䣬ͷ˴šСţȻϥڴϣ˫ǰ죬ʼƬ̣ܵĿγһС磬һЩɾӨ״ʧ·ѨͬһһſĴ죬̰һ˿Ҳ˷ѡڣĺóһ۷ľٵسСûһԼĵȴһ꾧Ө͸ССϵ˲䣬żϸ΢ı仯
·ֻеתͬڸ·ʻΨһһ̨ӣû˿谭ÿһ˿Ѵ֮ĳ嵽¸Сϣջһ׳Сͼ仺
̾ϢһܣʦһҹֻٵĴȥͶȿŵĴû뵽Сӻ治һҪҲȥˣӶʽû뵽ģĸӦֲ·ڵĿռ䣬Ѿһҹ֮ȫͬˡתɵǿһ߽ӿٳĶеٶȣһһļӺš
ÿһʱһͻƣһף·ûɵģȻžǶףһ۵ͻƣҪĸ¿ޣͻȻһЩ׼ͻơ·޼ڵһ׸ոɾǲϣһͷ£ǲԭΪѹıϣͺһˣһ¾ͻأĳ·
ͻһҲҪһ°ʦһ
·е㱻Լˡô˼Ľٶȣ᲻ʲô˺ѽԼ塣·׺ǿԼͣϢԼڵСһֱȫɾʵԵס֡
иܵСѾ׳ˣȻı仯ԼʱܣѾԶԶԼһܻõͬףӵг̶ȴҪڵʮֹ
ĸףջȥˣ꣬мԱǰĳһڶǽΪǵһеȵĺڣ
·һ󼤵ΪЩʹܵǣ
һֱͣɣû磬·޾ͣѾɵøɸɾˣҲ޷㣬Ųòͣ
СһҲûһһҹܾˣٶȣҪҵʶţҵǼ鿴ˣһҹҲûжɾͣԲһڵܵСˣôʦɣ
·ĵ·ķڴϿĹͷ̧ͷֳһˮ
ʦܲ㶪ģһɾһٻĴ
úáû뵽һЦŪԼĽˣСӱһװ˼˵ˣĻûҪҵ𣡡ʵһʼֻΪ㲻ٽѪ䵽ϣŲòһµģСһ֣˼ҿܲõģû似㣬һǸ߸˰
ǺǣʦҾ㻹ǿһ似ҵĺãȻȥҲܹҵס𣡺Ǻǣ·Ц
СӻⲻҪͷӵ𣬡ҵ롭Ǹȥ˼֮С


009 Ŀռָ
ʱǸСѾʳ·ǰ֣һ䣺۸Ͻæʲô
ڿү˵ҪɨãҪ׼¿ɲأ˵
Ŷ
һһҪŶСȥСͻȻסڡ
ŶɺҲҪĵޣ·ҵͷЩˬȴֻǵӦ
ʰ˱̣תȥˣ·ΣȻʵʦ㻹ûʲôĽˣûй֧֣ԺٶҪٵġõģҵùȡȻ֮ȻҪüѣҲ˷ÿʱ䡣ȻûǼ尵жңҪһʱԳǻܹ֪ܿģҲһα˰㡣
첻ģֲѪ֮ҪǸиƨãܲһ㹦ûɣûؼңڼŪһţڵĵӣʲôҲǱ
Ŷʦϵĸ׸ĿռָֻֻĽףҪͻʿÿָƷһеġ
㻹򿪣ʲôö˲٣ֶǿóġ
Ҷ˵ңû
ʲôûҵʶܴڵܣԶһĶʿҽ㽫ռȻȥײСһģǺǡ
·˼иԼ֮ĴϲţæͷԼϸʶ鵽С֮һþӨ͸Сͻأ·޽Լղĳԭﴦ۳һСܣһЩǳ΢ɫΣСʣΪһ֧Ө壬·һʶʻԽԽ죬ͻȻһ£ȻСȥ
顪
·޵ʶо˲ıڴһֱ죬СȻҡ˼ҡһһֲʱİɫ״壬СϿӿ·һԵʹȫͬʱһһ統עڵȶ˲ڵ·ſһһӨ͸ԵֻԼѾﵽ۷ĸżҹԼ͵ϮԼĸҲһͬ
ǡ·޾˵ˡҵʦޡҲ󡭡ʲô𰡣
ɫҶϲ
⣬ⲻ㻹һСһעʱµҵһײҵ֮СҲܺһʥ԰԰ˣǧǵãıԴֲֻ֧һʱʱ䣬ûٴģ򲻵ѣóôıӡ
·޵ȷоĲʣʹһֱӡȫӯĸоʹֱ̫΢ˡ
ϲؿԼ˫֣ۡĻСݾͲٺúˡ
ûˣռָûʱõģǸʦӣҵ˸о
õģ·æ񣬽һһֻϣȻеöռָȥ
䡭
Ȼһ£·޵ǰͻأĳһĲľ޴󵽳ԤʮĿռ䡣񰡣Ϊһֱ׼ŵıءɵʱ·ʱΪʲôûء
·ϸ룬ǰȳֵһ͸дɵ֣ôϤůĻ
޶㵽Ÿոտʼصľʮʱ䣬Ϊҽĺ׼ģҵļı¥ݣǼңݶֻ࣬Ǳ¥֮һ㹻֮ǰˣҶ²ɴ̰ģмǣмǣֻҪģˣֻܺ㣡֮ǰû㣬㲻費ߣòˣ贫ҶѪע㲻һֱǸһˣҶסʹÿһ棬Ǵֻô͹˲ô࣬޶ֻиι̲ǵѡ񡣡
۰Լˣ㵽һ죬ЩԼ裬Լ۵ģ裡
СҪĶɣһ򿪣Ȼôд󱦱
ǣ·ջظдĿѰһٶ౾Ĺ鼮ڶȴ似һЩƿƿ޹ޣЩҩĲΪأȴǼס
ƱղذжĸɣǺǣ


010 رԴľ
ȫ뵽ˣûʲô
·޵ʶֱӽ˵һ㣬İٱ鼮Ϊľˮϵĳһ
ԼʦĿռһСôԼڸһľϵĹŶԡ
·޿ľϵһһЩľϵԶϵϵˮϵĶ࣬·һ·ȥĿȻͣһرԴľһϣֻԻע⣬Ȿ飬һ΢⣬·΢һӦһϤע룬Աߡ·޲ע⵽һЩ涼ıǡƼ飬ȴûıǡľϵֻһ
·ްⱾùһ£˵ʦҿⱾ飬ⱾֻǸ߼н׹Ȼﻹвٵؼ߽׵ĹǲǸٶ𣡡
ߣµһҴûľ޴ڡѽĳ壬һûһõʺ㣬һĵ㿴ң濴ǲǺ磬ߴ󣬿㲻֪µĲ֣ҵĸϵҵڻҪһԭ򣬶һЩñһҪ͵ͬ࣬ǵĸҪö࣬ǧ͹ˣԲҪĹʣⱾȿ˵⣬ڵϣһЩصĶʲô
Ǹ·޵ĵס
һЩҩ
һЩͻƵҩóԽͻԽѣЩıʡ㲻ʱġ
·޼æӦе飬ʶ˿ɲǼ䣬ͷкһǿϢ׷׳ĴУǿϢʹһʱ䣬·޵ĴԴһľȻ״̬֮УһŻָת㣬ĵһǧѻһСɽһЩҲעѡġ
ٲݽ𻹵޵֥α嶾ɢһ׵˽رడҲûһ뵤ҩ࣬׼ߡ־ȴһЩ׵ĲҺЩܵ͵İ
ĲݣݰΪֻǴ˵߹һĲݣҪҲ򵽡ֶ׵ҩҪŪˣˣƷģһ˵ܿĺ㻹˵ãˣ
ôã
Ӧǲ˱ĵ͵ȼҩŻôôͣҲһǿҩֻĲݵ󣡿ŰɣҶ볢һˡ
̫ˣƿأôŪİ
ţҩǸĽͽõģ㡭ƿһƿҵʶӦһðϣٶͶʶˣƿͽöˡ

·еƮƮȻҴƿ˳˿ռ䡣
ٴζ񣬴ʶǱرԴľʱѾ磬ͷļʱ·޽һƿĲҺȥʱķӦ·ЩѪ̫ǿˣĲݵ˲ͷţµľ˺ѣƴ֪ʱ͹ȥˣٴδӷѣĿɿڴķ֣ԼѾͻƵʿһиܵʱԼԶԶ˵ͬʢʱԼ
ĬĬ˻ʼ
ʿĻͿˣһ˵ͬҪڲͬľУƻҲǧٶȳɱ֮ǰȴǸӼѣҲաֱʱ·޲ʼ֮·
رԴľһ߼н׹Ϊ߼Ѿ߹ҵõһǳ˵õؼοǱн׵ģκһУֹѹرΪġһ㣬Ϊ·˵·ޣȴҲᣬѧϰʱ峤Ĳһƽ߽׹Ѿǿٶȣʩģû뵽Ŀռָһ߼н׵Ĳ֪ж٣ǵؼģҲô
·һ·ΪʲôҪ
ⲢܵһľϵʩȻ֮ɵĸ߼潲ľȻ֮ΪУеԣнľлˮ
ıԭǲľϵұԵľԽһԴĹںľϵʹһԵԭûй
·޸пһУһ죬һλǳɹˣһһʱѾ֪ȥ·´ֻﲪ·һС磬ָо̫ˣ治ţ⾳Ȼһ߼н׹ܴġ
Ǻõò˰ӦĲͬ̾Ŀռ֮Ľûһϰһϸ΢仯ͬԼС֦Ѿһ
׹ΪǸСռԤģҸľһȻĶղĹϣ˫ľ䣡ȥԺӲԶˣ
·һʦ˵Ҫȥֻ񣿡


011 ֻҪ߼
ǰҸղŲС㣬ϴεѾȥʮˣʮڽһٴνϣεĴҲ֪ܲܶùȥ
ʦ˵ѾѽѵǵС𣿡·ͷһ
Ǻǣǲµģⲻֶ׸ܲܿҵĺܣֳΪ˿ķɣԾͲòһЩСޣȥһΣ˵񼶱Ĵں󣬵ҲҪԣһõò˵ģǺǡ
·룬˵ðʦȥԣȵһٵʱҾߣٴĻҲҪ
Ǻǡ俪ĵЦһһʡ˲ٵ£Ҫ׵öˡ벻ջǣ
·һνĲҺС
һΣͷòôֲˣ·ܹա
رԴľߵ˳࣬һУ˼֣һʱСԴԴϵĻ۽СϣСҲԵö⡣
һƿĲҺ·޵ĿУֳһƬ
ǵƿһѰߣµһҹ֮䣬ȫ·ޱСڡһҹ·һûУͻȻЩ޴ڴʱˡ
·еؼͻȻһ谭βѨϣԽԽŨ񣬽ľķ·Ҫ˺ѿһ·һţѵ˵߻ħˣ
ͻƵıϣû׼ãͱӲˣѵģΣգ
Ҫԣ忪·һҧ
Ծ˺ٶۣ·۵ð
ȥǽҾ··ס񣬽ǿۣײȥһΣΣǲھͱôЩ
ڵٽ㣬·޵ؿڱԾȫıѹȥ
һ˿϶ͬϸڱֳ·һνײȥ϶չݡ·ѪţǿϢѾܿƵͿֻǱһȻһ£Ǳȫķ飬ҪѿϢڳβѨֻһ䣬¸ӨӨСϡ
䣬С΢Σϰ׹ⷺȻžһ죬ɾ޴ע룬СĶλãȻһƬҶƬԵ΢԰׵֧
СӺݣɹˣһˣǺǵЦţΪġ
·һ´û뵽ƮƮģһ֮£ͻأĴʮ׵Ŀռ䣬ͷײϡתֻޣֻ󶯴дµķйȥ
һһҹһֻķȻһٳΪߣǰ޹ˣҲûܸϵˣţ޶ʼ˵
ʦܵĿҲǰ޹˵ģҾӽԺٲһ˸ɫȭͷǣûһΣ·޵ƤĴУͻһɷ
Ƶʱ̫ˣ
Ȼ
緹ˡ˵
һᣬԺţСǰִšȻԶöࡣ
·Ц硣
ţһûˣҲ͵ӳ극̾ȷɣҹգǰ漱Ųأµҿȥ
ãȥǡ·޵ͷЩ΢Ĳ죬һеӵܣһʲôɽڸæˡԼλȻµҲóأ
Թ·޸ɴཫ͵ſڣŵһԵʯϣţռָһ似ϰû似·ʼв
һͶָ޴Ŀռͻأǰ
ֱǰһ似мٱ֮ࡣ·ľϵзңƽ߼ľ࣬ؾؼѾرеرܵǰӵһؼ似һЩ룬˵ŬҲܹõ
·һ·ȥѰʶ鼮ûУһҲûС⵹Ǹ⡣
ʦҸѡʲô似أ·ʵ
ΪԽ߼Խã似棬ֻҪܸ߳һͱˡⷽҲ˽⣬Ҳ߼ͽ׵ľ㵽ˣٸ߼ֲ֧ϣ
ţСʱ򣬸Ҳ˵⻰һؼԣ߼ͽ׵ģʲô
ڱۣ⻰Ҫʵ˵СˣѪɣ㻹һ߼н׵İɣһ¡
š·ĿȻͣռһξûʲôر𣬵ļȴǸ߼߽ףܺ⣬õСʶ˿һΣϢЮһɾκ˰ƣС
ѡˡ·ˡ
ģҲʦģЩƣ㻹ûأô֪Բԣ
ƣɱҾҪְԵģ˭ңģ
ǺǣСӣ


012 ˬĸ߳
û뵽û꣬·˳ִһһеÿͷˣϢǿĿɿڴĵһʹȻȶһεţ뿪˿ռָ
С쵰ǵŪؼ𣡲Ҫˣŭˡ
Ǻǣʦҿˣãһҹô
ԽģһССߣһؼ似͸һСӷҪһ¥һֺá
İɣʦҲǿģεĻָòףҲԼġ
·˵ţͿʼƽϢתȦֱûһ˿ʱСĵĴⱾξһȭʽ࣬û仯ϢУȴǷԸӡ·޹ͼ˶ʱڹرʶԺʱⱾξѾΡ
·ԺվȽʽԴһ飬ס󣬲ֽϢУĬĬжһ飬Ȼ̧֣ڵתһɿ񱬵͸˫֮ϣ·޺ȻһȭǧأԼȫϢӿȻֲ֧һȭġĿһʱһؿڣϢҪתػʱڵСȻҡ£һɰСɢһɴͿ·޴һڽһȭ˳ȥԺһ磬·޵һȭͬһòɣڱһɿΰľǰȥ
顭
ǽһɳ䣬һӡ棬ܿüϡָӡӡϸѿ
·㶿ԼһȭɵƻڶǰҲ롣
ʦֻȭˣǽٺ伸£ǰɡ
ǧ򲻿ɣҪǴһ£Ҿͺˣߵ˵
·˳ʮֶŹһʱԼڿտҰȻһҲûˡһߣ߼߽׵似ȻС¥̫ڼˡǴڵģռ䣬Ӧ˻ɵľ޴ΣգĻһȭҲó
·ƣؼҲˡؾ뼶֮Ĳ֮Ĳ𣬴úֹʮ֮ࡣ
ǺǡЦ˵˼ҵģеĺ˰ɣ
ߣ·޻غ
صڣظЩ·ޣæĿռָΪѡһͽ׵ϰʱ㣬óҺʮƿ˳˿ռ䡣
·Ѿ˸߽һЧôͷĵͽ似ءҪѸܣ֧似
һƿҲֵڰ֮ϵĲҺȫ£رԴľ֮СһȭĻǸĪĺôԭһʱһٶȣԿڷƿҺ޲ǰǿһȭ˺
һһҹ֮䣬·޳Һ͵Ժȭȥٲ䡣˷ûһ̵Ϣ
ʱ겻ûٲɷһɲɢ˫Ǻǡ
վԺУһľɡ
һǰһ磬ȭͷ׿ξԺд˳
һȭһסʮʽʮȭ
·޵ÿһȭЮǧ羢ÿһȭļΪصĻӳһ޴ȭ硣ԺУȭγһʹɳʯݷߣɳԺ⡣
ãȭס·ؿüңɫò԰ףȫþˣһȭǶСˡݵûУԺ˫һرԴľ
㻹ӲˣԺĶٲһˣʦҲҪһˣ
ʦҶҵأ
ô˵أҪһ۷ĻԸܵù죡
ĵЦ·޺һ¡˭ң
˵˰
̾Ϣܵ˺̫ˡ
ȥ·ڵͻͽףȻ׺һϵкܴͬġ
ҹ·㲻Ҳ֪ȫӴԶ·Ĺ͡
һ磬·޸մ˳ЦǺǵ˵ˣ˲ˣ鷳
·޵ʶûǿԶĵزųһ̧ͷԺһһѾ˽
һλλлԼȵɺС㣬ڼСеļˡһλ׵ףʼз۾ڶᡣڶٲ˵أ͡
·޵Ŀǵĺ棬Ϊܵһּǿѹ
ǲŶĶˣһڶ᳤üΪֻǸ곤һ㣬΢ڵʮ㣬۹תɷǹҵڿ롣һλȴǸ΢ֵ꣬һʤѩƺҳԶ棬ͷһ޴ƮһƣԵúǳϵٵͦģģĿһǡһ˫Сȴϼ䣬˵˲ƽӡһѹ·ͷһ


013 
ɺһۿǰ꣬δƺøߴЩҲһ˵ơһſϺһϡţɵĿһˡɺ⼸ΪСһŵһɽɽ⼸Եò䲻ȡ˭ǵŮͻȻ˸δУסڼ̹
һʱǻһһΪµһŮ˵Ϊ·ҷΣڿ취һ˻顣Ȼеĳߡ
·ޱĿǡĻһֱдõ˻飬ֻһֱͰ¸ˡԷʱǱģڼǰֻЦŰֽԼǣʱ·ޣ뼸ǰһˣֱ֮ô˼һﵽͷϣҧ¡ÿ˵Ͷ޶ȵģǸܣҲܳޡ
ɺ˵·ޣȡӦĻԼ쵱Ŵңʽ֮ĻԼ
·޿ɫ׵ŮӣΪ촽ɡһˣЦ
Ŷ·޵ĺһģ
ɺĿԽĺ档һͷǸ΢ֵĻɽζĿŶˡɺһ죬عͷе˼ߣҸѿѪ
ӦҪҵģһֱûҪҪд
ܵɺ۹еһĨ·еŭ
ɣûաӦ㣬ᷴڵġ˵
Ҷ뵽ҲЩ˳һﲻ²ӣͱҪĵزʱŭˡļ壬һʱҿλС㣬̬ȡ
УӦھдңɺԼϲǰϱüΪС
·ֻҡҡͷȻ˵һλСĻ
Ŀٸ㡣
ڵһ£Сӿһ˫Сսȭͷ˫һ˿㲻Ҳø
ʱһӰɿܽСԺ
㣬ʲôȥɳɳģȴϢæ顣Ҫ֪᲻ʵģżؿһ·ޡ
ܵСеĹУ·һůͬһĸСͬĵطûСҪѷɫһЩȴˮ
Сã߿ҽõ֣ϸң·ޣȻҶˣɺεӱʱ֡
㣬ûܵģΪʲô˱˵Ҫģ鼱
ˣƵؿ飬СѾͷʲôаһ˼ǸֺЦֺ档
·޲̫Ϊѣ˵˽£ˡ
عͷһۣϾ׹Ǿ˻Լġϵĵޣֵ裬Ĭϵġ
һҪԼ˵Ȼһѹӡοһǿǰķ
ɺǰһڽ·֨֨ˮϵǵ壬СԳһ˿ˮ
㣬鶯ܣס·ģЩҪôܸѽкҪӵģ
仰һ˵ͷһ޼ɵЦ
ҪӣһﻹҪʲôӣ첻ҪһְֻУ
СŵˣǸӰɣһܵ˵СһͲˬ
·һףȥյĸڶᣬڿ룬ڿҪάСӵġ
ߣ·޺ˣҪǴҲأ˵ûΪԷƣһ˿ı仯
ûȤﲻ·ңװˣúЩڿһ˿ɫɽϰѾϳ˵ѧʮͽ߾ż⣬ͿͻƵʦУﵽһҲʮˣҶǹ׳꣬ͻѶȳɱӡڿڼݵδþǾҲֻάġ
ҪǴҲǸƶҲпܡ˵ıа˷Ϊ档
ôС£ŷ¡ǸһֱںĬĬŵĻɽʱ¶ԼʵˡѾʮˣٲ֨ȳϼû԰ˡ
ҪһҲУ˵ļ塣عҲԺգҪɽ̣֪ӻж󡣡
ŵ·ʵΪɺѹʲôõģ
ͦǸɽ°·޵˵
ɽһ㶣û뵽Էţ棬ŭһûСٿ꣬ʮ꣬㣬ʱҲˣҲ˵۸㣬飬ʱٸСҲСڸϵҡ
ɽЦ⣬׹ȥһ壬ɱȴһʹ졣ɽ治һˡ
ǵãҽ͵Ǹʲôɽȥɣǵҡ·޻ǵӡɱɽĿһ޸֣Ҳеɫ¶˼ƫƫ˵⻰һܶûеķⲻ˷ŭ
Ǻǡ

һЦЦﻹ˵Ļ
һϴͷпԮֵô


014 һγֵĿξ
Уҵ㣬Ҳ㡣ʱò̧ȥɽЦ
һһЩЦô
ǵòЩūţԼȥ·޻Ǹӡ
󵨣ûȻɽŭڶἱˡ
һӵĻ⼸İŮΧűתʻգʱҵһɹйĶܹŹʿļѧһŸ߼ͽ似ͬгȥǸڿ룬ûĶ֡ܵЩѹ㹻ŭۣҲûôƣһݣͻأڳ·ߣһֻȻǰػȥ
СӣҲˡо
ֱڿз΢졣һµķһ֪һʮֵʯ壬ҲҪ÷飬ûԷأΪܴһûķһʯԶˡҼǽоһֱ͸İһ絶
еˡ˲̡
ɺҲһǿĳСӣǾһʹ졣
·޵ͫ͵һһ۵ֱϡξĵһʽ似Ҳγɡ
ȻһеСġһСӰ嵽ǰһ˫СֽһһӡǸ񱬵Ľоȥ
˷Ŵ󾪣Ϊֵǰľ飬ĵǣӡûæٳһոͻʿһ˵ʲô似
ɫڶҲѾûջȫһˡ˱۾
ž
ɲǼ䣬ײĵһ죬СһɶСһ޶ĿҺ籡
ȫһʱˡ
·ޣһѱסͷڰ֪Լ÷Ǹʵ뷨ϱǸкԼļ巢ҲҪʱ֡ôһСԼأһˣں
ô
еؿŻСˡ
³һѪ۾΢ԼкЦЦ·ŷ֣ϸ֮£СŮôˡ
û£ܵǰԺϺҵڣС͵ĸ߼н似ǣϰء
ֲôãûԭǻɽźõġ·ɨһǸֺСӣСһ˿ɱ
⣬ѾǸʦˡĵ׼ʱ
ſɺ˹ûãһֻС֣Юһɳ֮·޵ͷδմ˰ѹѾϢһȫǺ͸ˡ
СˣذϮ
·üͷһšŭˣĿξһӿұۡһи߼߽׵似˰벽ʱһ³һѪѪȴΪڽеһܼġ
Ȼ̧ϸС֣һӡǰͬʱȻһͦСȻ·޵ͷϡ
ͻȻֻһ֮£ʯȥɺһֻС֣صԼõСϣһؾѷСһؾļϣؾɺʱ£
ž
Сһ
һѪ޵þסС籡
һĻı䡣һʱ䣬ԺûһϢ
ɺһסãôôɵΪһֵ𣿡
Ѿ֮Уܻشˡ
ɺС飬·һʱ֮䣬ʹ絶ԼһֱԱһ֣СͲƴ˵˵ȥȴǱĽ㡣
һԵڼѹ
ڶһһɾ޴ϣһб䣬ɱʽȫӳ˳ȭ⣬ѾһΡ
ȥɣ
·ޱ߽һֻ֣ѾõĿξһʽһľӭشǧһĿû뿪С
Сֽ
һԵڼˣ̫һ㣬׵һĻˣĳ֣ƺȫûڶҪڵϦһ
̾һһѾˣһ·ˣصִˣ·һ𣡰ǷһҲӵ̫ˣ
ڶĿЦˣһûһأ
ͻȻһƬ㵣ϵоѿӵ·޵ĻػϣƽʱһҲ÷ķһûѾһĿ־С
ǧ񱬵Ľоӳһǰͬһ类һɽҰӭһС̼ɢɿҰķ
䡪
ڶһ˲Ϣ䣬ֲ˹ڼʮ˵з
ô£
ôܡ
һɳǿСнﵽĽ׵ߣǰֻһҲķﰡ
̡ҵϣٳڶһʱ֮𣬸һһѪӿ˳


015 
ڼˣһʱӦûȥ𾪵ĿǸɫʼյϣĻһʿļǸ
ڿһ˫ֵܵϸĿзص֮СҲ̫ˣ
ڣ룬һɫ˫֣ʮصɷѴڿӿΨһһ߼н׹Ѵﵽ߾ż̶ȡ似ȴһ߼׽׵ĺڰ˺սһնƵĸ߼似似ȴɽһֱӣûǰֹ죬Ҫٷһǰķ
ɺڶɳһ̣пհһ̣·޵Ŀ⼫临ӡֲǼ𶯣ԭǸˣóǸڶἸһֱôԼһͷһûĿͬǸֺײӼǵһʱ俴·޵һҲûʲôһһģһߣ˴һӡں뷨
һ֣ж˷ֲɣ
·һ۾Ǹص飬ʵ˫۴û뿪壬һ޻ӻֻʶˡ
Ⱥоһɱֿһ·ڿһһ߹ÿһ̧£϶һӡ
üˣȻǸˣҴҲû˵۸ˡû´ĻѾһˡ
ߣһʮꣿĿжšǸĻͷһ
߶ף
ɽüͷ߶ôı𣿻أ
߶ףɺǸģӵĸǣʵϴﵽһףѵģֻ֮ǰǰһķװģ£Ǹߣ̲
ڿЦˣЦ̧ѾںڵȭͷγɵѹʹΧĿȭͷγһ㣬ɵĺɫһһȭͷڷ˳
˸㣬߾Žסڰɣ
߾żˣڼ̾ؿǵذȥһȥ˵ɫȭ缸ɲǼ佫·ްһȭƣʹñõɺ˳ʮԶس׷ˣÿ˶롣һŽ׵Ĵһ׵ģõʹô似𣬲㹻Ǿ˵ڿûٴڶ£һηŵ㰭ļ壬ܴҲҪϼ£ʮ꣬˭ʱ
мŮӣǸͣ۾̿һĻؾǸ갡
·޵ĵƤۣȻһУֵĿξһʽǧľػȭǿ¶㿪ٲķ񣬼ȻѾǱԼѲǸ³Ҳǲˡ
ǿͨʮľ磬֧߼߽似㹻ŵ˶ԷһȻӳ޷ﵽ˳ϡ
վڶᣬЦˣǼӹ򣬷ֿԳˣ
Ժӣı
õϻҳ価̧ͷȥ·޲ûеɳȥԣƺûг֡ڿɫȻף·ҲǵȻӡ
޷⣡׵Ĳ˾Ž׵Ĺһûһ˿˼ϾŶɺѾ˲ϻãųе·ޡ
վԺУһĳڣΪʲôǰûע⵽أĿӦɽĿ⣬ɺͷĵ׺Ȼ̾Ϣһ
·޵˵
ȻڿȻЦһʱûжһֻ֣ϣڴѾѿˣѪڵһŵϢ
·ظҲڷԷһ㣬ȭжס⡣
أ·޽·֨ѽ죬Ŀξʮȭһȭ˳
ڿеǰֳһƬççԲԵޱɭ֣ɽХһɴȻ֮޾ϯֻһȫӦһȭξһʩչԴԴ·Լһָ֮߼߽似ֲ֧̫õġȫ
似󣬵ȫ˻£ڿֻĺˣڰ˺սҲӵ˼ǰγһ
һ׷һֳͷҲû뵽ڿ룡ĽһǼӵķŴֱĿͷɢңͲ󺰾ˡǻˣ
𾪡һľ
ɺͷЩɬ
˸ɷǣ䡪䡪䡪һȭһǧľ㣡ÿһȭڿͰһ֣ȭϣȥ˫

ȭͷмٷŴĴһ۾
ˡľȻԼ
򡪡һзɺСڡ
ȭ͵סˡ


016 ؼ
ȭͷͣǸǰ·ĺһ󻼣أ֪СˣıἫңǲ̫
пܳΪ·ҵļÿ˵ͷǳء⼸꣬ԽԽˣСԺû˹ʣĿǳ˵ز˵ʲôأ
·˳ɺȥҪһơֻͽһͣ»ĿһĿӵһ
ɽ
һֻʮ꣬ȴӵ˿ֲʵĶ֣ɽǳé®Сëӣʱˣ̫ˣΪһͷʹĶ԰֡
ڣ롣ѾһֵĹ·ѾƣߣóȫܣڣжٿõĶأ
Ҳһ
ڣ
㲻ˣ·޵˵
ȻѾһ˲õˣɽˣұ֣׼Ҫˣɽһ㲻˵Ȼһ죬һۻͻأǰһĵΡ
ԣʦɽȻͬСɣ
ߣҪ׼ٳ𣿡·ޱĵؿеģ
÷ѻаɣ
һĵΣڻɽֱ̧һ̣ڵȭͷ֮ϣ·ֱһ㡣
ȭؼͽսɣ似㣬ѾǸ߿ˡ
ؼ似˴Է˳ûῴؼһЩ˷ܡ·ҹӵ۷壬һʦʩչؼǰҲûһ˿·޵ĿǶĿЦλɽôɵһˣؼ˵ףɽǲµʲô·ҵģҲУ
Ȼء
·΢΢סһνرԴľᵽ߾磬ֱɽء
Ѫȭ̧ͷڿԼɼɽͷ·޷Ȼؼͷų
䡭СԺһӻɽĽ£ȭĵطɳʯʮףԺе¶ᵽһµĵزһȭСԺĿռ˺ѣʮ׵ĲֱӺ䵽·ϡ
䡭
ɡ
·޵ӰѪȭĸ£ԵüΪվţ͵ľ޴󹥻Ϣӿһʽǧľ㷢ӵ˼
̳ȵ˻ָӾעĿѰʱѾһĹ״ӻɽǰһֱչʮ״ǳĵط࣬ɳڿӱγһƹĺۼ
Ǹأ˾ĿѰңҳ価ӿڻһվ
û
·Ŀڣµ·òӣǴһ˿ɫͻˣֻǾǿûһ˿һη塭
ǲţô޴Ĺ£һǵкӻܹվţǶһһʮ꣬츳δѾûٴһӡʱգҲ޵¡
ꣿɽһ뵽ʾͷһݣĿܾ鷳
ԼʱŶһĨһ꣬ɺ鸴Ӽˡͽôôܹܵˡ
Ⱥдҵз΢ı仯ǿʼ濴վڴСӡ
ʱ·Ϣңظܵ𵴱ĻҪأŬšֻǶԷѾˡ
ɽΪһ˶ֵĵϸС۾ںһ˫һֵӡ˫ּ¶ԽԽߣվԶҲо¶µ
ǰ
һ˫ּΣѪɫӯתֱߵĿڲɽĿͷ裬·ѱɾ޴졣
һСӡؼнɫ
ؼнףһȼܴڵ似ɽǸ֯ĿÿֲĿǸӡ似˵һСĸӵ似ܳɹһ֮Сһ似ôֲȭͷ˵ģ˭˭˵Ӳ
㻹ʲô˵𣿡ɽЦ·ޡ
ͬһ֮һĿҪˡ
·ȴһЦȻһ˵ʲôء˵û˭۸ңƫţʲôܰء·һĲм
ƯСӣļա
ǳԲ̴СϷ˹·ĵطҲƺȼˡǷ׷׺ˣܵδܹѹ
ϧˣһո֤Ƿꡣÿ˶һ˼Ȼ壬С
ɺң˵˼
ɣ·ɲǼһ⣬ڣһɸո۶ɵĴ͵ײ¸꾧Ө͸Сһ£Сڳһɰɢһ˲·壬¡һ£ڱСԺ·޵ŤµĴҲͬʱǰһ¡һŴѷ쿪ȥ·޳ɣһֻ첲γһתֳһֱɫۿɼϡ
Ʊղذ


017 Ѿ
ǣʦޡǡﵽһ𰡣ܵǿᵽڳļʮŵüԼĿ־Ѿѹһеĳÿ˵ࡣı仯糬ǵǸ𣿼Ѿܸܵ˵ġ
ɽ۾ɵޣĿ־ֺһβС̫ˡԷû֣ѾȫȻ׹Ժļ𣬡ˡĵ˵ӵһͷͷͬʱʶĵһ¡Ҫӳ·޵ĹΧ
գ֮䣬һǸ߼߽似ͬǧľѾĿд˳ȥ
ξɿ߶£ۿɼɫ״״Ⲩ·ǰĹռɨһеϯȥ
˲ѹʹýֻһ˼ӵԽԶԽá
ͣ£ܣͬʱڼҵ˽ԺУ뷢ţͬʱɾǵӭȥ߼н似ͬʱ·޵ǧľ㡣
һķԺӣը˿
һ¡¡ĹڼҴԺϵͬʱһ𣬿ڸĿⶼŲ˼Ŀ־塣
ôҪڻ
СԺǽһƬԺǽѾڣҵļʮһ뼤ɳȥزһĿɲĸʩչ似ԱɢȥԺڲŻָӾǣĿ͵ĿǰһУôܣûһģɫҰףǸԵĻɽίڵϣгϵѪһڽһڣϼûм鲼ƬƤ϶˺ۡ
·޵վڹ࣬ڵȫþˣһ˿ѪҺֱֻΪǿлţκһҵ˳ʱõһֱֱţάһһս
ɺã˳ʮԶɫ԰׵Ĵӵ𣬿һãȻĿתǸϣ޷ʱĸܣȡ֮һĺ⣬ǵ۹ԼǸСӡɽȻǿ󣬵һž츳ţпܳΪһǿߣһмĴڣһһ£ϴͬһǿ׽һλáǿΪĸҲһγɵġȽ·ǸģѪίٵĻɽһһ£ո֮ǰγǿҵķַɺֻһſ޵ġţΪֹһɫҲûǶʧ󰡣һ˾ͱԼˡ
ӿǰľҵļסԺڷһаǰһȦҵǱߣмվ·꣬ǰϣ״ĹһֱչȥδĿġ
ǡôܣһܴһֱԾһǿĵλ𣿴ǰһУ޴ƻʾոյһҲһ۷ܷģɳǿȴǰǷ·ϷģҲüҵ³
ܣ
Ӱһʱ䣬ߴӿɼҵĿⶼһľη
׿ɫѿļ峤ϡ
˻ͷԭ˹ˡ
Ⱦˣ׷Ը·꣬·ޣ忴ûˡ˵ţһº͵Ϣע롣˽ıͬʱҲ鷳׿һһߵŮ۹һʧǸԵŮǼ𵽱ˣԴųǣҽߡ
·ޱһץס뷴ϷѾΪˣԷϢڰҵľ磬ǷһɣֻеվҲǳ
һע룬׾ͳһ·ڵ͸ˣȻԾǣԼעϢȻճ·ϣԼȴؼй·ڡ
ȥԼʮû𣡡һ
״ϢѸٽСڣòŵΨһҶӵСӨɲǼ·ڵĿռûϢرԴľʼУһ·޲ľ硣
ʱ˾Զգһɫʹһ亹һʱ·ſ۾תһ˿ͰһۿǸһ壬имϢȻĵһº֮ͻڡ˷ԣϢȻͬ׵ļȫȻ黹·޵Ӳ͹һЩ˵΢С׼δдĹȴŲɹĺô
·޵Թ죬ǴȻ֮ȫľ͸׵Ķʹԭе΢ı죬ĺôһЩһġ
һ֣Ĵмؿꡣ
лл塣·˵
ǺǣһҪллأòſˡ
ͬʱתΣܡֻڼҵһϣΪ˵粻ˡ
·͵һ£ǰһסǸϣǸСأ
ϣûǰĶ룬ִݿ·һŵɫݲֱʮ⣬Եİ˸߼ͽ׵ļʽ뷢ŵĿ
Ʊղذ


018 ر
Сӣҡɲ㣡
ϣֻǸҵСôˣ·Ƶؿ
ϼûҪֵ˼ŷкȻ
ôɵģػԡҵı
λϾȻ׵ĸףүүΪʱͿȻѾһʦмֻ֣һЩصһʱͿ¡
״һûע⵽ŮѾˣϢľһ֮£Ժȥ·޺Ǹ޿ĳϸں档
Ժͱĸ׵ķڣʱѾʮΧһŴ󴲱ߣŴеŮ̾ʱѳ˯ţСûһ˿ĸ׺һᣬһͼе顣
ˣ˿ȥһ·޸ں棬ֳһĨ壺ɷʲô
һеıŮ絶ʣһԵһߣǮô
ҡҡͷͳһЩҩϣ˵Щҩܱû£ҵΪֹɡתҩȥˡ˸ͳһݳл
ˮһҩ¡
ʣ˻𣿡
ԹĶ·ޣ˵޴󰭣ǻƹӱȽЩɽʥҩܿҲ
ɽʥҩ˵
Ǹ޴֯Ķ϶Ų˼ĹЧؾһؼн׵似õó֯
ȥɺڵվ˵
òС㣬Ϊ˵ģΡһǿ˵·ޡ˵ʲôҲԴΪʮ꣬˼£Ҳдҿˡ
һ˵Щֶʲôӿ˵
֪ҿ·˵ŷڣԼûһ˵ľ顣
룬Ȼ书ɲ⣬ҽֲҩʥֲҩʦ޸ܶûУ˵ǲܾ˵ġ
·ҵĿ⣬æһϢеĿռָͶȥһᣬһĿɿڴ·ˣӶҩ·ħڴϣֻһᣬͶһСѣʮ֮ࡣ
ĸõϡ·Щż˵
ĲҺ
תھر
ѩر
ػںɢ߽ף챦
ǴۣҲˡһҲûģֻڴ˵ı׷׳ǰ䣡
øһ֣·üһĿÿס
һֶС׾ϲ᲻¡Ҷоˡ
߼ģ·޴ػںɢﱻһķεˣŵˣֻ崺ϲֲ
·ҪⱦõĿСɺȻ˵ȵȣҩûж𣿡ڹŹ£˵һ䡣
˲ؿҩһ򿪣ҩ޻ɡ
·ҲҪҩСһߵĴϣǸүүȻ˵ܳҩ̫ˣܲ˵ģһתھѾܳԵõĶˣĻһûˡ
ͷ۾ûŮһ̣ʱɫص˵
׵ͷ˵öԣҩЧ̫ͣסģֶǸתھá
·޴ӦһһֹһҪīһָֻǴСҩǰûһ˿һִ̱ǵ
ھʯһ߽޵ľˣҩʦһЩҩܳΪرеһЩʧǲСġ
¾תھ󣬺һȻһĨ죬̶˯ȥ˯вʱʹߺߡ
ꡭ
ֻøˡ
·޵֣û˵ʲôһֱתǸ·޲ŵһڸˣעӰΣͷɺһʹЩıҩһѪһЦ
ѽã
Ȼе
˷׷׿·ޣ˵ҲףǱʶڻǸ֪һҵĸˡ
·סСֻ֣һֱȻһ˿Ķ˭˫۾ҲķСｫһı
ۡ
ɺһѪķڴϡ
·˯ڼӦҪ׼һռָıҩָɺһ·Щᣬ̲ˣһ˵Ŀ󣬲ò徲СԺѱˣСҲˣֻѰס
һóôر·ڲѣһôۺıȥ鷳ҲҪסҵԭ֮һ
ȶ˿С۹⻹Ǳ˵һǵĵĻСѾͷҲһҲѽһˡ
Ǿġ·ﰵ˵
߽ңڸĵ£ʮһ࣬һ䰤һ䣬аʮȫʯͣ£ɶĶҲ֪µװöһ˵ҪԲԶÿ嶼һڡ
Ҵʱʮչأ·޽һ䣬رشǧʯţȫĿռֱָһ㣬ڹרĵѰ
Ҫһ԰Ĺ


019 ϢŮ
ľϵǰʱ䣬ûҪģʧ֮࣬ϵϸϸӵһһֱȥֱеϵˣһĿյһ似ܹϵװޣʵѾΪ¼ûϵ
Ө˸Ȿ˫ݵļǺšΨһһ˫Ǻ似ʲôѽ
·޾طУͷһע⵽Ϣֻ֣ǵļһ
ؼ߽ף
عŹ·޳Ժ󣬾û˵˭ӵйѾˣھͳ·ǰ·޼飬״
֪ܲô߼ģ
ܸ٣һǣκԶ˹ɻммǣǸ߼似һͼԸӵ͹ÿһһммǣ
ммǣ
·ãȻ֪룬˰Σһ似˭ҲԣΪʲôļôأΪʲôⱾ˴Σյϱ˫ݵıأ
·޾ǴһȵȡһĶ׵ҩԹתϢСĵʶ򿪡
䣡
ǳ·һͷڵϣǰֻǽ𻨣ȫӲ˼άȫͣˣ˺һ·ͷǣһ亹ʶһؼ߽׵Ĺչʾǳ
һ·޴ϲҵҪҵĶ
Ϣ֮ҽʦⱾĺ渽һķ
ȥҩʦ⣬ҽʦһֿع޸ߵһˮеҪߵ츳ǿʶȻʩ˻ᱻԼʩ˵ԴΣ
þԳһҩΪһЩҩβ˾֢һҽʦȴ޸һֻڣһѵҲ߻һ弶ϵҽʦһλʥһҪѡĿ϶һҽʦ弶ҽʦΪʥҲпܡһͻʱüɡ
ϧˮһǿʶû֮ǰʶ޷޷ΪҽʦزٵĹ֮٣ȵҩʦһ·۸ǺҽʦߣһؼҩȳΪһҽʦһЩҲ򵥡
ɺ·ΨһһˮߣϧУ·޾ԼһŮ˵ĻʲôҲˡ
·޳ȽʶŵһˮǳΪҽʦزٵĵһΪˮߡУԼԣһͬԼȥΪһʼ·ʹⱾŵؼ߽׹ʾ·ǿԼڵһ֧ϵ硣
ʹ࣬һֱһ·ǿϢײ֮Сſֱܸоҵһ˿ˮ󣬲￴һСˮСϣأСҡžһǶһֻСҶȻʱ³ϣСΪһˮһټİͷų
ںˣԼľˮܹڣ
·޾Լʵ̫ˣԵһ
ʵڴһȫУʶ޷ﵽ˵أ޷ͬĻҪֻһЦ֮һִȻ֮νľֻ·һԸ뷨ˮ⣬ɽȻһдͳͳĿռ֮Уһûϲˡ
Сһ׮ôʲôκιĿռ˵ֻǿʹԭеĳɱǿûʲôΣտԡԲģ
·һҹͣм²ʮƿĲҺ峿һ߳ңѾˮһƬСͬʱƬӨӨСҶѾһλҽʦһˡ
Ժһڣɴҡ̺СѾǣѾӵ˯ȥɴڵĴϣһãȻſһѾһۿ·ޡ·޾Ķ棬һ˫Ŀؿһ˫ůĴ֣ᰴСϡ
ɡ˵
ֻһ°׵С£һк˽Ľָ鵽ϣǵһΣͷС¹ײһƬϼĿǸꡣ
ȣû£ŻˣΪأǵǲǣ㻹ǿ߰ɣһҽˣңһҪģʿףҲ򲻹
·û˵ֻǽһҹ֮ܵõˮעڣʶɻܣ޲üҵľ硣æõ΢·ʩչﵽ޲Ŀļˮܿ˳仯Ŀ¡
ȻڵĲͬǰʹеķθɲǼһƬº͵ˮСʹʧˣһˬã˵־ȵؿŶԼһԶ꣬ԷȻѾ߱ͲǸѽ
۷ɣ·ĥ˵
鶨ĿһҲ۾ϣϲԼҲࡣ
Ǹ˰̫ˣ
ǣиһƱǿƱ


020 Ů
·ƵصãҺܳġ
һͷ񺹣Ȼ̧֣ĨĨ޹ǵһֻС֣Ữ·޵Ŀĺá·ùסͷһϾʹ֮ɫ
뺦ס֣
Уʵʵģ˵ֱ˵·޵ϡһ˫۾˵ʲôҲϱϣֱֱĿ
ʱƺޱ޼ʣʮŮһɴĴϣţഥֻδ˿ֹͣ
Һöˣ·ͬˮ̳ͣʱ˵
·޿ÿСЦ¡̫ޣһεû𵽶ãɺ󲿷һֻǸССİĦеòҲֻǾãοԼġ
ȡһö׵ҩ͵СѾͷǰСѾͷӹ˰죬۾˵׵ĺھ谡ģԺõš
˵ʲôҲҪݻ
㶼Թһˣһأ·ֻһѰѵرϧõ㻹Բˡ
һ̧ͷСѾͷԭһֱıûô
ɺᣬԹ·޵رһҹ˯Ͼͺõòˡ𴲾ͼæãߵСõķ⣬ȵؿԼĸλˣֱֱڷ⣬أ˵Ҳ
ôɺ뱼ȥһסļ˵˭Ҳܽȥˡ
ɺһף׳һͷ
˭˰Ǵүү𣿡ʡܽе˿ɲһҽʦ
ҡͷʾҪ
һʱɺȵòͷڿһ޳Ӱ˳˼ƣɫҰ̧ͷһɺػ
ҲûλСܲˡôأпǣ
裬ôأҽʦûģҲ·ޣȥ
ſʵףΪƣԵûҰеʣ㻹𣿡
·޿ĵһЦǳã
һ£˷·޵Ц˵һС
лл㣬·ӡỨȽȥüɡ˵Ҵҽݡ
壬˲ٵ鷳·˵
ǺǣСӣ㴦𾪣鷳ǲС治ףһҹ֮ĹܴɽˣڼԺٲҪæĵطʱɱϲۣǺǡ
ĸңңһָԽ֪ԽãҲٱ˰㣬ҼҲߡ
Ŷһ㶣㻳ɡ
ҵ˵뿪£ûþͷҵﱻϵ¡壬ڼСҲһЩڲ·ҲͬһľǧˣһϣֵܽþˣҲϲȫЩѾûѪԵϵˣֳɺüһ֧Ǹ֧ҵٶܼԵ͵һ٣û뵽ô硣
ڲļҲƽ仹˵Ȩϣз磬ΪġԵùڳ꣬Ŀ̾һϣ
Ը塣
һţɺͿ漣ڴϣĿ⻹ŵλãһߺ졣ɴʣŮɬϣдҸ
ɺĽŲ˲óء
ˣã
ûôù㣬ΪˣҲǸˡ
ߣȻǸǸصúĶħ˵⻰ʱޡ
㣬벻ΪʲôϲôƯϲңҸöô˼չһЦĪһٿ
սһ֮£һ
ʮŮѾ̫ˣ
·޻صңѾƣ˯һ󣬳һƿҺֳϢСϢʵĹ֮һԸӵķ·޵ÿһıһߴ߻ħȫܾϡÿһĵݽۡĵͼټ仺ÿһ·ޱʹ࣬뵽ΣеСѾͷ뽫ƹӵԶԶģҲһ¡
ڵˮԽԽŨһα̵ˮΣСС˵ҡÿһˮСǰûйı仯仯֮ǰùһҹܲļ·˰ҹʹһЩȴҲֲס˯ȥ
ڶ磬컹ûô·޴ɴʣһۿС۵
ſڴԺҵļһװվһƽʱõĻ浶ڱ·޵Ļ͸еΣյĴڡ
ϣڿŻɽ뿪ңɽˣʱҪ¡أǧ˹ͣɽȻ⣬Ҳû·ް֣˴ղɽǲµġ
ɺȺޱ飬˵ˣȥɽһ棬ɽȻˡ
ʱתʱ˵·ҹʮգĲҲ·ϢĽȫˣСһ·޾¶ɫ鷴ˡ·ܸоòٰˣһʹȴҲҷ֡ؾԼҽûס
ƱղذֵǣȸƱ


021 
һ죬·һεˮΣҪչأСٲ˵Σγٵİ·һȻеһɴδܹľ޴ϢԶһô£
ˣҪ߻ħæͼѹɺ
ϢʦעĻҪͣһ·ײľ硣ǿ󵽼Ϣܿһ·ᵽˣǿ˺ѵʹࡣ
ǿˣ˰·޼ˡ
ʦ㻹ҡϧʶԴﵽ
һ·飬ɺԼĳյС
䡭
·޵ڿռʱһƬããСʹѾǵôܣ·۵³һںѪԲҵһЦˣûľˣ
ȻһӵﴦɢһˮɢĸϤ޸漣㿪ʼѵıϣ³µڱڣڱԺ࣬Ͷȸǰ޷Ƚϵġһ·޸࣬·ž޴ʹ࣬һεĸɡ
֪˶ã·ڵɾ޴һλص¡һﴦСһžһ£λϣͻȻٶȼһ֧֦۵֦ˮˮģ·ᴥܵγˮ
·Ѿ˲ˣһͷϣȫɢһ㣬˲˯ȥ
һĵطϻбӣһۣǰһͷɫ㷢ɢŵŵܰ㣬һЩ򵥵Сϣ۾ţ˯
ˣ˵ʱˡ
СĵĲȥС飬ԥСĴʶһ¡
ţӢ¶һ˿ϲˣнȻֻһ׵ͬʱӵͬʱﵽߵزɲͬԵľ޴һݵʽСϣûһ˿ǣǿˮľСˮϵ£̵÷·Ҫ֮ǹǲĺã
·޵΢ʹûܰ˯С˹ſ۾ؿŻճһ·ޡ۹ճš
·磬ˣ
ţھ͸ˡ·޲ݷ˵Ľıϣһˮϵʱӿ
ֻеһķθȫ̹ͬƮ΢˫ֻۣһҸʱ̡
ʱת·긮Ϲʮգһ˸Զǧ֮ĹͷһǿԼ֮С
긮ѹ͸һɲÿСǿʼԾ飬Լܡɱĳڿ˽ˣһȵԺڼһΣ´ξûлˡ
ԺعŹֲͬͲͬԺ٣ֻһһֱԴ￤Ժֻһͽ׵ԺֻһЩ߽н׾ҪعŹĹԭǽޡڸ߽׵ģֻʮһβʮˣͳȥԶԴ½ģһƬççԲԵɽĲΨһһַӴϵͬķ֦ԽչԽϸſΰ࣬ȴѾΪʥأǿʥϣʹԶĳĴڡ·Ҫĵڶռ䣬ϡ
·޵һ죬ڼ뵽Ǹܵڣҵһܸռĳ
һ죬ɺ·ߵСҲſƺӦͬͬת·жôɣ۵ͬʱܿһۡˣ޷⡣
·ʯڴһȭƮƮһȭγһС磬º󣬾һס
·磬ȥ䳡𣿡Щ꼸ǳ˯ʯðȻȥ治֪᲻
ţȥɣҾ͹ȥ鳤ûС·޵һЦСܲ͸磬ȳʪʯС꣬ȥ˯ͬһס¶ʮ׵
Ѿõòٺˣÿһ¾ˮϵϢ塣
һʯңѾУ֧ϵĽСģģ䣬׷ױԲɵĴ䳡
Դ￤֮һڼҵĳ˴󿼺̫ĳﴫ÷зļҪв¶ʮСĳԱǰ񡣸˵еһЩͨգһʱ䣬䳡УַǷ
ҵС״еţȴ˷쳣
㣬һҵɺΧżΪ˵С˧硣
㼸ˣһҪսأ鿴һɫµĽ㣬ڽµɺԶĽĿ׷ͶɺһЦȻ֪ȫˣҲ˲ʱ䣬ѾɹһʿףСõĻֻеΣġ
ǾҵĵһŮǣˮ飡˵Ѿ·˻ˣ·ͬ׵СǸķﰡ
ߣٷҲ·ˣеͬ·ع壬˼һݣˣѿˮ˰ɡ
ģҪ񣬹ʲô壬˵˭˭ĸŮӺþ˭
ѣ˵Ļˡ
һ˰ɣƱƱС


022 ʿһ
䳡ǰ̨ҵλߣ˸̨ȻȻȥػȫнյʮĿľӪֲҪŵСһԾĸ߶ȣǷȫҲûмҡУͬʱ·ңȼ͵ֱʡһ㽨ģеĿദҲֻǼĳϲ֪
ˡһλĿĴлԣһֱפĿɽϣԴءŽأԱӦпֵܳ쳣лԣʦףҲ͵ˡ
˳Ŀȥ׿һƱ˵ӿüͷ΢壬˲°ˣδˡ
ӭӡ˵Цؿ첽̨
лԵĿ䵽ҵһλŮϣŮҲĿӣ˴١ȻСʶԴӶ飬ǵһμ档ҹȻҪϡ
磬ҪԹ𣬲Сǵһ֡ԶԶĳһĿݵʮµĺ˫֡
һЦݣգճ֣˴˵ͷһ޶׵ˮƽϣ˭Ҳûѹ˭ȥְԣϰߣ˭Ҳûоʲôס
ںȺһңʼѹһͷû̫һɫĿһУǷ׷ױá˾Ϊǰһ˶Դ￤ʾһҶǿǿûһ˾ʲôԣǿΪ˵󵽿Ժߣͻϰֱֺײ
æӭȥȺֹˢˢģûһ˿Ļңǰľ붼ֲ䣬·һ˿һ㡣ѵԲ
һ˷׷ҵˣǰӹһС̺
ҶʮףĿΰĿ׶񣬶Ҳֻһ֣˵ҴЩĩʶպҷ£ɲܽѲѽǺǡ
׿ʮʮ꣬ɷüĿת䣬бȫȫû˿
ֶѾǸʦˣ֣̾Ҽǵȥʱ㻹Ǹ߰˽ף벻һ֮ףٶǾ˰ȥ꣬Ҿֶһˡ
׵̾׷ǳԵãҲǰǿˣСֶ𡣡
ô˵ѾˣԽԽѣܿͳϼһˣǰ߾Ͽʼˡ
ˣڸ̨Ϸ׷һȫﵽ֮ڵҵʮز볡Скһ̣Ůһۣׯأ̨ǰй󣬾վ̨̧࣬һᣬ˶̧һС볡УһС꣬ȥ
ʦһļ򣬸ϴСӨ˸ԽǸ߼Խǹâǿʢ豸Ȼ۸񼫸ߣÿжмȻԽ߼Խ
һ֣صķŵһϣӿеһʱҫ۵ĺɫâԱпͻԣһԡ
ϲûֳ죬ģڶǰַ档һ죬ȫӿһ£Ͱȥ
šǰ̨ߵҼͷʿһסСӻʮİɣǱ
ЦЦ۹һתƳһߵϹһ˿м
ʿһףµĳ꣬ϵıдһ
ڶַϡ
һʿһס˾̾ҵܽԺĲٰȻǴ壬Сͱȱ˼Ҹ߼
ɺһе֣ϳ˸쳤￴
εӰŵֱʿһԣһַֻ棬ʱâǣһ֮ɫϡ
СúãҲǳڰʿף
иŮҼ̾Ϣżλп
ֳٹʮﵽʿףԴΪ١ؿһߵסҲȻһ˿ȣת˲šһƬƽС
ʢ
һɫ׵̨ǰֱߵڶԣȥ
ʿס
һƬ̾УǸĬĬء
һʿףˣ忴˲ĲٰһһߡȺͶĿⶼ
ĸڶᣬ֪ĸˣ쵹û׵Ȼס
С˵ˣȥԹףҲжʮ˰ɣȥƽԭǡԺмԺ
ǰߣǲֵ߳ġҵСʮ͹ȥʱһȥƽԭʱһҲжʮͬȥ׵˵·


023 ı
׻ᣬĶУʮʮߣÿݶɽöѹ볬ԽҵϣԽԽСˡ
ĵ̾ϢһŮڻ飬һƵġڡ·ڻûнֽɺۼֻԽԽԶʲôϣ˿Ů飬վڶһνɣ۾ĴʲôɨȫȻ·޲ڡ
·޴ʱרһµ似ϵˮܡϢȻĵòУÿһξʹһȴĶ࣬ͬʱľϵˮϵϵܡ˵ûȻǷֲԡˮϵľϵȫݡˮǸͼн似ȻΪʵãȴѧһʱͷų似תƬ̼䣬һɾ㣬ٷ֮ʮŵĸŨˮ͸ۿɼ̬ұȻֶˣ̣һƬʮֺȣһ߰뾶СͻԲ͸ˮγϡȫɵĶƣüΪģһȥˮƣӨ͸ǣ
ˣôס˼µĿ޲ܳεˮܣһʱˣ
ʶһ߼н似
֪Ϊʲôһѧϰ似һֱϵֱȥĳ󿼺ˣ似ȻĳⱾ似ͷʹ
һһһʮǸʿĽ⣬ûһֵעĿġиվһĵӣͷɥû˽ԺĿԡ
顣µĽеһ
׺һֱСŮ˲Ҳμӿˣ֪ʿһסûС
ɺҲЦȥãСѾͷȻѾǸɶС㺣СѾͷӳͲƯֻϵɫɺûԼʲôͷһֱԼһλá
е㼤Сĵؽַŵһϣͬʱתͷ˴һţʧǣûҵǸڳ궼ȻʧɫӢٱס
ȻҫâǰзⶼҪ
̲סվСѾͷȻĵزֳһЩɫǿǼ亱еġ־ͬһ㼶һֱȥľȲͬӳͲһȼͬȼսһ𣬾ȾͳɴĹؼ
СѾͷĹǰͬˣ
һߵüļʶȻâ塣ο׻ǵһվһߵļҲͷСѾͷĩˣһϲǸڶǰ˶š
·磬ĲȻֻǸһˡ˴̾мһˡὫСַǸϣһתͷ·磬ӦİĲǸζ
ٳ

𡭡
׷ŮѾָˣոҪٴ£Ȼâ˲ǣĿɿڴĿ֮У򷢳յĺ֮ɫٲܶһ֡
ġ
ʲô
ʿ۷塭
ʮס
ǰ̨ϵ˶վеֳܲʧȥһӦеķȣʹ˿
⻹ҵ𣿴һ˵һʿ۷壬ٶš
׳ʵС󲻵ʮɣ
ʮİʧ̬شЦΪһף˵ľǿŮгϢСŮ֮ǰûйһ쳣ıֹ
Ѿ糱Ƕʼ;ϣ̾м䡣ܶ඼ɽˡ
ʢһߵС㣬ɺʱɺɫԵˣֺɡ
Ǹɵģķڰ˱Ϊʲôܣеɷ𣡡ҶʲôȻվֻңʹ絶һؿڣ˵ʲôҲϲһζСðʻ
鶨Ǹµıҡ壬Ǹ𣿡
ָĵ
ȫ糱һȻûֻСȴʵʵ˿ˡ
Ǹ˭ΪǸ裬Ŀ˸С̧ܶ࣬νΪֻʿһãʣµĴǸ裬Ȼֻ򣬲̫ÿҲûȥǸ
ȫֹˣҲЩӦϾЩ˻ȥ
ǸµȻûзӦùĿЩãȻ
ȻҪԡһЩԵͻأ
ȥȻҵļףĿǰ㣬ҪˤҲƽĶѹû뵽ڽС
ݺݵǸµģƽʱͦ𣡵£
ȻȻµĲŻȻӦһνӳǸһĹŲе㲻Ӧ
鿴һʧ̬ĸףͷһȣںԼģ
ǣǣȸƱУղҲа


024 ʮŮ
վǸǰ徧Ө͸ǰĶԵ΢תҲɢѹܵˣΪһߡ
򡭡
˵С֣Ŀ䵽ϡ
һ̣ؼ伸ûһ˿ֻ˵Եü
ҵļһҲˡһʮߣһͥҪԲСһ޵ĵοǸ˻Ů
ĿеĹʾ쳣ˡ
ʱ˺һᣬһ˵ССһסµĲ۾ﾹȻһţҪͷˣ

һ쳹ŵ䳡
ʮŮӣһףһġ
濪ˣˣԴ￤ôҪûϣöڰ
Ҽصֵͬһ𣺡ףңһŰ
ǰǰҲû뵽ǺǣСѾͷú׽ʪﾡأסͬҼҡΡ
ţ硣Ҽһθ˳ƺһ²˼ʣ±ȡ
˵˵鼫ѡ
ҵλǧ֪ûУҼеиһĺ꣬ܿǼļ̳ˣСʣҲҵĶӣţ翼һ£ؼžܾһţ֮ǰļڶΪӣϧѳɼˣҲȥСɡ
һû뵽ڴʱôʱ˵¡΢£òǰ֮˼תÿ죬ż£붼룬϶ҪؿǴ¡ûԼļڣԴκһҡ
Ǻǣ֣СŮʮ꣬ææԺ˵һЦ
ҼҲֻøЦ
˾һԵװ̨ϵҵλջؾߵɵƵ۾Ѿڻ졣ҵСǿλСĿ֮ǰĲͬˡ˾ηȻĽͼʡ
ɺͲ˵ˣǸչһ顣˵ﶼһ£Ǹû¶·ҹӣˣԴǣ𾪵ˡ֮ǰʮ꣬ûӴ·֮ǰλСʲôǣոܽʿĵزһҲﲻ
̶̰꣬һıԵΪһһף̣ʵǸڵµĹһִġôŵĹҲǰ֮ǰֻǸ
ַ̫˽ˡ
Ǹ·꣬ʱи
鴹ͷص˴СǰأҲ˲ԪƵСţһĻǼ·磬ۿʧˡ
֪ʱ·ͣ죬·̧ͷ𣬹Ϣӿֱϣ·ߣڱͨˡת֮䣬һɴɫֱ֮ϣԽԽ۳Σֱͻأγһ֧ۺ϶ɵһ֧߳ı̵Ρ̧ʵʵ̵澫ܿγɰɫ㡣ֻССʯң˰꣬Ѿ˸飬ʵڲˡջǰСԺУϻɽٲ˵ĹƴӮú޾ա߼似ɣķ֮磬ʹòҵĴ㣬һνϢУԭﴦһСѾȰǰһ࣬Ĳͬȴ壬䣬ӯһ̲ͣķ賤šˮϵľϵܵӣ೤־õĳ̶ȸԼԾѡ
䳡ϣһֽĵڶֿʼˡ
ʾõļڶ֣似ˣмееĳսԴųǰʮǰʮɵûƽʮȥʮӵĽ⣬ǰԵõһ߼似
һ䣬̻һʮƽСǣҲòһʾ޴ƸȻ궼нͣһˣ;ȻҲǼӱˡ
ۺȴǱ߼似
߼Ǳͽ׵ģҲǱѽ
д˰಻סˡ籡ս⣬Ѿľ
ͳ̶֮ߣΧ۵Ҳ߰һ˸ǹһˡӴ֮
ɣʲô
Ҳ밡
УһСеڶǰһṦ򣬳Ϸֱﶷһ֮һܵʹг
ˣźƴõĲϣмһ似ʹƯˣһкʹʶڳ˵·ޣʯЩˡ
ûһ˸ﵷҵġؾ֮һ壬ﵷҵ³רаʮ˵һҵļҶ⣬ĸ˲˳ۣǸ˾͵ùˡ
ʱ֣ϻ˽٣Χ۵ûм٣ǵƣÿҪˡʵߵĵӣǲֵġ


025 ս
Уһոջֵܶҵ꣬¶ϲߵͬ飬Լûʮ֮С
һֱԹ۵ʢһ߽УϵĳԵЩ룬䡣꿴˿ͻأͷĸоƽʱɧĵܵܣ춢Ŀûһ˿飬ӲͬĿӡ
׼𣿡ʢĮȻʵ
ЦЦûЦֻǵͷ
ʢһԲĳˡ
ʢһֻɵĴȥһֻǰΡ͸еһֻּٵǰŴֻһ֮䣬ѻ֮ľ룬ıǰŷӦĶڶԷֻε£ضڻΨһģֱ̧ۣܿٶΧһ
ž
ӣһײײб֮⣬ûվס˵صءɫ΢һֻұۣתͷܵûһ˿֮ġ
Се˼̨ϵ˵
ҼҲ΢΢ͷóСӲûгȫ
ϴʱʮˣ»һԽһֱûϳһòɣһһƵﲻסٿжҵļˡ
˭ǰʢӳˡ
䣬һ˵
žһ˶ֵĺ׳ǳͷ͵أһꡣ
ʢǰԵıȶԷ߳һͷһۡ˵ʮܣҵĽϵķϵռıˣҪӵСˡ
ʢһЦû£ֹɣһˡ
áؾһȭȭͷ¾Ȼγһȭ磬ƿ֮ʢ
šҼЦɽ壬ͼн似С⹦ܺۡ
ϵóһȭǧﲻֹ
ʢᵽһȭһΣˣӰγһɫ磬˲˲ת࣬һֻγצ״ץغġ
ţн似ƹܽצҲн׵ģĵӺʵҼЦеĿţֶԾһȻγʲô𶯡ֻǻСʱ䣬ʱķɷ·Ŀ
ػһȭȭأһͼн似﷢ӵûʢ治ͬʵʵӲӡ˵ʱһһһһشһ
ǺٵֽײһüĿţһס״ʱصȭͷЩЩִľȻԶԶڶԷûһȭʵڶԷϣ鷳Ʊ꣬ؽһ壬ǸӰȥ
ɽ
εʱɽء
ʢһȻĵƲˡ
ȻסеǶȥëܾۡӮˣ
ʢһ䣬ͷ˵ãҲˣǰ϶ûˣ
ߣΪ仰Ȿ߼似ҵˡ䣬ػһɽһֻȭȫ
дһС硣ܴ˵һȭ糬ǧ֮⣬ͬʱΣĻɽͬлûһǰ˲ģʢֻҪһˣԼԣˡ
ʢ˫Ŀһ䣬ֱۺȻһӰصǰһ¡
ǰ̨Щ˵۹⣬翴һֻ֣˲γɸ״ͻأڶԷȭϣһļأȻͬһ˿ڶԷȭƮ
ǡ
ϵ裡
ͼ߽
ĹһȴǼӥġϢһ㣬һ֮ʯҲˡֻеֱһ´ʹȭͷڰ·ϱֱ۾Ȼˣ

˴зһ󾪽С
ĿˣȻˣ󳬺ҵԤڣȺʵĳѾΪʵ
һκվɫһ֣صŭ
СǶԾһ㲻⣬żʧ֣ǡλմϣ˵
صĺԥһջ
ӱϣغһ˵ݣ²ſʼһֻס֣߳ء
ʢСĵػͷǰ̨һţĿдүү۹⣬үүĸǵʮ㣬ֵһϲһƬɫ
˭ͬǰ
飬˴𻰣ɷ
ɺһãüͷ΢壬߽С
ʮ磬̫ˣֵܼд꣬òź֡ɺ˵
ʢһ䣺սģ˵̵ģôõ𣡡
һαĺɺѹǸ˼һֱãʱӵޡ
ãҲûأ
ٺ٣һ׵Ķһ׵˵ǲûۼҵɵһ׵Ĳᣬʲôͻô
˵˴˵Ļɺһ죬еŭǴﵽ塣ٲԣһֻ̧ˮתǰһԲһֻ־Բеü㡣һ޵ھע룬˫ֻŤһӡˣ͸ˮӡɳģʢȥ
ʲôʢһûӡԵʹõӡδѾˡٶڴʱֳƣʢƶ
ȻһɲǣһڳСƣ
ž
ˮһ֣ˮӡƿ
ߵʢϣʹڷɳʮ⡣
ۣ
ʢҪסΣԤϣһˤڵϣæվȴһͷ䡣ʱѾͷңû˸ղŵĿ
˴𾪵ðŽгһȴʮһڶŮƫ̹һȴǶʢ˼ֵܵĲ
С
̨һ
Ʊղذ


026 ð
ӡô󰡣һô似ü
Ҳüͷ벻似ûһֹӡֻһЩͼһӡһԹȽֱһһ£һϡ
ҵһӡϢ٣ɽù߼ͽ似ܵͼҲʹãϢȫ³һ˵УٴȥˡҲкԲͽ֮СҼ˵
˵ɽѵ˵
ǵĿ䵽Ůϣʱ˿̣ɺΪԼ΢ܣͷŸ߼ſϢ˿ѾڵϢ֮Уһʱûٴʹ似ɿȡһҩУǾź˸ԭĵҩſŵͼ޵ںƣʱСһʹһɴӿǿԭſϢ
ɽÿţһ´󣬸似žź˸ԭɽֹȻǸֱʣ·޸弶ıʧȥԭеķɺģܵı仯ʶȤ˳䣬һ˶
һҩʢȻ
ӡʲô˶ͷŵģûˡϲӿϣһ
Ѿ䵽ˣΧ۵һƬ̫ҪˣСˣ
𡣵ʱʢֻǱ߼似ﻹ˵ӡʮ׵ľ룬ĲתۼָһֻӥģԲ˼ĽǶɺȥ
ȥ磬治˽𣺡
ɺȻһƮһȻʢľȻİڲ£һߡһɴɾʩ߼òŶġ
ţЦ似רڶԸľϵĲľǸ߼似벻似Уһʩչľϵ似ҲҪ𣬷ϵ͸˵ˡҼ˵ɫЩѿ룬һ似ǳɽѵ˵ɽţ֮ǰ鱨׼ģɽȷʵ߼似ͬλҵС㣬ϵ֪
Ǻǣ鲮ƺɽ似ָưѵã׻һ˿
ߣͬɽС£˽֪Ҳûʲô˵ģҼֳɫһ͸һԵвʡҲҳ̡
ʢһ֮£һʧǰɺ΢࣬һ˫׵С֣תĺʣᰴ¡
žţʢһͷڵϣ
һߵ֮ˣæеɺʤ˭ս
ʢ¡
Ŀ⼸ͬʱ۵һϣǸСѾͷϡȫΨһߣһʧʯҷС΢飬ˡ
Ҿôν𣿰򲻴ʲô˼Ǳ似ҪҲգ
ãȻ֪ĵͷûһϳ˼ǰһѵϣ鲻
޶ԵãɺȻûɵ̲סе飬ս
ȫһƬţǸСѾͷ̾һҡҡͷ㣬û˼ͬӮˡ
ɺһ˲ͨ죬СѾͷĵһ仰ӼѿǸ߾˲
ãҵأ˭˭Ӯ˵
̧ͷ㣬Ŀûܾ۽·𴩹֪ʲôطȥˡ
ȫһӡȻȻδ
飬Ӧսǰ̨żе뿴Ůʲôľ˱ݡ
Ȼ̧ͷӨȻھȥ·еҪȻҲ򣡡ǻе
ʲôЩЦãȻڴ֮ͥô£˼ôѽѾͷ
ҾͲ򡪡
ּظһ䡣ɳȻȫһ
˭
ڵ˭
Ϊ˭򰡣ˣأ
顪׺ȳ⡣
ȻСһƬϼһЦݣһ˫۵۾âضסĳ
Ŀ⣬ȫһˣͬʱһطȥһȱӰ
·ޣ
δһͷڼһϸβĻɫۣƮΪˮĹϵЩ档һ˫ü
˵Ŀ⣬΢£ȻĿбӵ˹Щ꣬ʲôĿⶼϰˣֻĿȴͷһء
Ůɿ챼˹ȥ˲СͶ֣һ˿Ҳǲ˼ˡ
·磬֪һģʱҪͬء㿴ҳ˶٣У··ʱǡ
ǰ̨ҵϽпЦ׵ȴǼΪӡ
һο·ޣҵŮȺһ̾·СӲɫҲԽԽߴˡܲ˵ٶȣߣһƽѾһԾΪĿţԼأ֪Ѿһʮ꣬࣬ԵøӳȽ
ɺֻһۣͷһ㹻ζһ
ã
һͷޱǿҵͷɶ


027 һ
ȥһס·޵ֱۣһֱǰλáô˿ţؾʮ·޻Щڡ΢΢̧ͷܵһɵǰ̨
һźѿ׶
аѣҪˣĵеƺСµĲ
￴ţȥˡĻϲܽȥɺȻͷһֻСˮˮϵѾˡ
㣬ҽһҪӮģһΰɣǺǡҵĸ߼н似ƽˣ˵СһˮϾӨ
ƽˣûһ似ѽ뵽·ޡ
һͬһʿ֮սʼ
һʼͲԵȵս
ɺֻһ̵似аͬһһսģȻСÿ˵Ǹ似Ҫ߳һ׵似ֻһ·ߡԻõܣϻǸԲ㣬Ťһ߼ͽ似ϢȻͷųͬʱƽѾܣǰˣСϺͬһˮСһ֧ǰ˷Ľ㡣
žһ
Ϣӡ֧СײһʱСɢȥڿлΪһ
˴зУǾһͽ׻Ϣٵǿ󣬾ؿɺС졣ֻСͻȻðһȡƣǿµӡС˵սнˡ
ͷһΪŮôá
ϢһѾǰŵ󣬶ڶɷɲҲѾǰ
žˣϢԵһ٣ٶ˶ࡣ˼ɳˮһ˲СּСһӭǸӡǰηɲ
ڰ;ȻסˡϢѽð벽
һɣĴεķɲѾЮȫܷ˹ȥӣǾˣϢֻɻ㣬ˡǹһλʦҲҪܻǽӣ
ʱɺɫһףС﷢һȡ
ƣ
СһաϢڳкȻ
䣡
һһ㶯ľաˡ
ǰ̨ϵʮˣһʱ䰵ֶ
ֻ·ޣۣ鵭ȻĿһУ·Ǹӡ޹ϵ
һηˣҲһ𡪡
Сһӡ漣һ̷
СͻȻķӿˮˮӡϢٱľǰȻǣʱǰγһˮɵǽ壬Ȼǽϡ磬ӡǰûһ˿ϡ
ЦĿһ۳ߵ·ޣСһڣӮˣ
һ
ɺǰС΢׵Ŀá
ô
㣬ӮˣûٷһӡˣȴûôǸ似ˮϵûУҵĹˮ㲻ȫˮġһ
ʵ鲻˵һʿһߣǧöô
ɺӦڿյϢһתҧ´һɿܳ䳡һδš
һ£ܻ·ߡ
ȻһĮ䳡Ͽ
СӷսС㣬֪еһս
ȥײģ־һˣ˴ᣬҪˣ
⣬һʱݵǣҪߣȴһٴ˷
忼ʱأдֿˣ
֪Ǻηʥ
Ѱңǿһʮ꣬һɫУǼŹֶҲ£ӵϡݵˣϻͻͻģûйһ˫ݵ۾ȴһ˵ĺ⡣
·üһʶŵΣաǰһ˻ء
µһԴ𵽣λС磬ֻǼڲĿˣ߰µޣ߲ǧˣս켸ҹҲȲ꣬С˻ȥɣٵ긮ԻԸ
һ˵˵ͷһźȴʹ˽кһҲ޷ܴһ𣡡
һüͷλʱѾãڿս˵ǿûߣǾо˵ʵ
ߣսûӽӣƨĴ壬ǽµĲҵóɣ
һ㶣Ŀ˵óģľֻһô򵥡һߵλϱǶλҲһ£Ȼ跨¶ȳ˵ԼһϰߣÿһӣڶǰҪľǶԷûпֲ֧֣ȻһĳĽˡ
СļĹӣҺõŰݷáµĿڶ۹֮£ҵ硣
壬֮һߣ֪ûʸ죡
ǰ̨һƺ޿֣Ҫڳдһλѽ
ѵҪһϴƣǽһ°
ʲôˣƱղʲôģǺǣǣ鷳Ƕһ־ͺá


028 һ˫
겮ǧҲʲôʧһ˵ĵϸ˾ֻսô򵥡ֻҪһ֣Ǿܿں
һתͷҼҲͬһ˼һ׳λµĵһͷ
µһ˵뱨ţҲ֪һλֵ
׻ƲʵգСӿ˵ȻĿ·𲻾·һת
·ͷͻһ£ĿĺǳҺǣ
׻Ʋ̨λ˴˶ӣգûӡ
ãСһı°ɣӦң֣߲䳡ģһɫв
ģҲŴġ˵ƺ䡣
ȥѾӿֱۣһɫϣÿһأϾͻҳĽصûǼʵܾ֮ͨ¡
鿴һȺǰ·ޣﰲһˮڣûһѹҵģϲϣ򲻹Է
Ӯ˰ɣΪԼɶҲأ
ת߼н似ƽȻСУǸݵСߵΧڣͺԥһ֡
һˮͷܾǸСӡ
Сһһʵ޻ֱֱ¡
ۡ
һˮˣҲûнĵڶƺһ似Ȼء
ˮϣһ۵һˡ
˾ͷͬһˣСˮûǰǰһ󲽣ɫأ׶Ȼн֮
ž
ƽһˡ
ΧûʲôȴʵʵڳԾС
ƽˣǸ߼н似ԷõַȴֻǼ򵥵Ľ蹦֮һֱûʹκ似ͼͽ׵ҲûãԳԴм֮ϡֱͲһȼһ
鲢ûͬݶһˮСһֻС˺Է
˻
һ߼ͽ似ͬĲ似;ӣڰоȻһ˿ХУѲ֮ǰκһɱȡ̨˷׷׵ͷ
СѾͷȻк֣֮ǰԽһʽҲôǼˡ
СһȻССѾͷһһ似ǰ
طɸ꣡һľڳ͸һǿɱԵؽС֡
ʲô似û˵׿ߵĶλǶλҲһҡ
飡
һɴ֮£СܴʹģһһԶվסСѪ죬Ѿˡû룬С¶ЦһֻƵѾյ·ˣХֱ쳹ȫ
Ȼǽ˫޵߰Ҳ߽ϣĺˣؿڴȻۿûϵŮߣһƵˡ
ȫĿɿڴĿһĻ
ôСЦне
ƵδѾܵʹֹ֮£ûһ㷴ڵʯļ϶Ȼһһعͷȥ
ֻԭվĵطտҰʧˣ
䡪
ֹ
˵ĿҵǸ㣬һ㡣ҲֹסΣǸĻ岽֮ң
ſһ˲ϵ˫ۣԭûҲûһ㣬ǰиɽıӰֱͦ
·ͬʱѾſˮˮܡһЩ似ʱǷӦĳʱ̵ķһ䵽ˮϡ
Ȼһˮγϵˮ·߳ˮܼƵˣŤòӡ
ŶԷߵһףûһ˿ľȣȻǳġҲˣԴϴСԺ֣·ûûҹĿޣǸһ¶ֲһ죬ͿʼвҪġ
·һȥ
ƿֵ
ϱɫһɫϣͬʱһͬʱһһ󾢷
䣡
˲ˣľͳʮסոأûվȵһϢ֮䣬·ѿʮ׵ľ룬һֻ߳ıӨӨľϵɵΣѾͷֱ¡
һɱûһ˿ء
ɱҰǸͷС´ֲִ֮γɵһֻܵһʱֻ̧һ˲ѣ̵ԥؿͷ
ҡһ
ͬʱ·޸ܵһ޴һԼһֻˮȻӭȥһֻϵȴȥۡ
ѪɽһֱֻڵϣǸһʱ֮ûܷӦֻϤֱ۷ɵ
䡱
ˮˣˮƮɢ·ޱྡྷ֮⡣
ȫĵһѪҽվǻȥ󣬾ܿĭɵ˵죬ʮĻ꽫ǽ֪簡ֻͬܿıӰ


029 
һͽһֲСӷˣֺԥ˼֮أһЩϿҲѼ
·ޱ˴ԡһ볤ߣһɫۣθߴǸѾڵϵԣһһųҵĻϣֻѪעĶ֫һһһɽɢѪֹסˡ
ٴ̧ͷѾˡ
ٺ١ЦȻ
ߺߡ·Ҳñӷ
û㣬
ϧһûлˣһһӣ·ĵ׵ǳµĶѾصУֹʽ̫ˣͬһܸܵȫһ¡ûһ˿Ļɣʮʹһʱ֮·޼΢΢
ɱ
ĵ׵ǹһǡ
ٳˣģһһ죡âһĿֱ·ޣŨŨɱѺնһ·޻ûʶļǿһֱǣƺԶûͣµʱ
ǣܲɳصѹ׷׺ˡһģɫѿػ
ǡްѱŮߵеظѹûͷųôǿѹǶԷ߽ϣſһԷǳΪѾΪ޶׵ߡ
̨ϵļҲѸٸϹͬվһͬľǵıϡˣǳ·ġóģɾһ֮ϵĸ֡
үүǿϰ·Ǹˣ鼱еؽС
ȿһɽ˵æ֡
׵ͷ齹ס֣Լȥ׷ѣһȥˡ
ܵԷصѹ·޽ܲԶԿѹΪʲôһֱҹȥʳ˲ʮһ֪Ļ
û취˭Сء
Сûκˣ̸¡·ŭ
ߣ壬ʮʿÿһˣ˭ܼٶȣٶȣһòʮ꣬ʮޣعŹ츳ʮǰĻΪϣʮ֮ţʮ˭عŹ͸ûһļͿԺɨһУһԾΪǵļ壬ļ廹ôͬ򵥵Ŀ˵˵ֻܹܲԼƽԶõġ
һϯ˵꣬ȫ˶ˡѾĳеĴ̣еġԶ˴ʱȽϣԵģ·ҪơҪ㰡
ԭ·˵
ɱڣ
Ȼɽء̧һֻ֣㲻˵ҲҪȡСȻ˵ˣǾѿɣĽЩ˻ơͻȻγһֻߵȼգжȵˣ
ɣСӣסһѵɣһް˽׵˵ݻ׹ζɣ
׹ɽһֱѹ˽޵һĿֲʹõϵɳ֮ϰգƿ֮ױδǰ·Ѿ޷ˡ
·һҧ̧֮ˮˮܡֻˮܵһľ似ڻǰԵöࡣ
ž
·һ˳ʮ⣬ˮûȥ֮ǰǷֳһ֧Ҳ˲顣ʮľ磬֧һֻˮܻ
ŭХһ׹ȣ廯һӰɱ
·һӣ̹һǻӰӭϡ
䣡һ·һȣ˲䱻ӻΪޡ·һ˳ʮ֮⡣
ϢЩһľĿǣˣûκһˮĹ似һ֮䣬Ȼˮξ·ǿεǿһʾľױȣ·ڶԷ׹ͷһɲǣһˮξȻ˳ȥ
ǧľ㡪
߿ϲıһۿҪһСӣȻͷһ׺ȭǡһ磬˰ӵȼյĳ׹ϣȻ΢졣
ꡭ
׹ƵʱٰȻξ˻ȥ
·޷ˣһˮѸٳΣһ˶
С׵ˣСȫǺˮһˣ·ֻаķݣԷȻû֡һ۵
ͷЦ£Ǹ޴ӣһļ뵽ľôܱܿһпϵ鷳ǧҪ𣬲򲻵ѣǾᶯġԷǾ˵似͸࿹Ĺ˵һ£ǾǸһľ޴
Ĵϣ˵ǹʵϿ۹ս˵ĸ࣬ÿڸᶯ
䣡


030 
׹˸ȣ뷢ţһɫ۹ĵͬ屬״Сһ㡣
·˲䱻ڹ֮¡һ˿ΣմУѹȻעһתӿֱۣ·۷죬ܲ˵˦˳ȥ
䡪
ԹУ·ϺȻֳһ߰룬͸ɣӯ˼¡ˮͷΡ
·޸е˼ȵƣ⼸·һǳȫಫϸܵѹǿѾСһޡ
һһˮһ֧ľܡȫˣˮͬʱ似
·ѾദѣͷĵԺ
Ȼëվ
Щ˼ؿǰСӣ㵽̶ֳȣٲȥò꣬Ҫ鷳ͷ
Сӣ˲𣬵ҽ㣬һʦһ˽ǰվôãѾˣֻǣΪֹһʬ޴棬׼Ҫ·ˡ
ʦԭʮ꾹Ȼһʦһ޿˵Ļ١
ʮʦٺ١˴иҪĸ߶Ҳ겻㣬Ǹ˭ǰҲֻܿһӰ
ҵĻؼɣСѣ󿴵Ķ򡪡ߺȻֳ֮һʤ߶ڽ֮˵һαȻֳ֮ɫ˫ϣһ׿⣬һ֧λ˫ּ籡¶һ̴ﵽ塣ڣмֱĽȴǰ׹ۣһɽ֮Ȼ˺ѿռ䣬·Хȥ
δǰȻ͸ۡ·޴һȫһǿξͬʱһţ¡죬ֳɼĽſӣ£ˡ
ξ˲ʧֻһ£ƿһеư·޽һֻˮ룬һγɣǿľҲ֮ܲתʹ絶أˡ˫Ӱ棬һѵؼҲͷŵǿز
һˣһ죬Oţ۾Ҳɵ˼¡鿴ŷĶˣֱһŻһˮӡܲȥֻˮϣµʯ棬֨֨΢졣
ؼǰеļͽϱɫҲûǸ·ָ֧áͷŵؼҲ룡
·еˮһ·򣬲ϻȥɣϣ˵رԵؼҲΪ̣һŻ档ͣ
··ѣ亹ңȫѿʹ·վž㲻ˡ
һŵǰǱĶ֣һȼϵĶսȻôʱ䣬һûֱ꣬Цͬ˵ôӹ֮磬Ǿġ
Ǹ岻ס·ޣһУдϢ֮ˣھͽɣ
ٺ٣Сѣܽסڶνʲô壡һ·˵ţ˫ϣһһھ޴տ䳡
·̧ͷĿԷûһ˿Ļţ淴ӯޱǿҿĶ־ϵĿڴһ˿Ц
ߣغ·޶ضҲûˣ㻹ôܵøɣҪҵĸز粻˵ˣ
˵ţȻתͷȥǱܹһЦɵӣվǶ·ôֻϳ棡
Сһ㶣·Ϸһ˿Ϸʡ㵱İ޵Ȼ࣬·統ȻƭĨϷʾ͸Ǹ˵ġ
һǱ˵ز˵ĻߣҲҡͷѾǲˣܣ˵Щݻܻ
̾ϢǲĿһ绪ï굹һĪͷС
·ѽϢﴦѾ˲ٵСײ˹ȥ
ɲǼ䣬ؼһϢȻǸǰ·ڣûκܹѹסؼͻȻȻ֮·޵嶼ȻһӨ⣬ҷ·ʲôţϳһ˫ĵϷʵؿǸߡ
߲סţ֮һֱͷôܣһˣɫҰܣ˫۴ɣŵŴ죬Ѿ˼صʧ̬ս飬Ͼζʲôôأһͷǿܵһû˵ĵطú˯һ˯ðνȴԼʲôҲǣòֵһᣡ
Ϣһ׵ǰͳҺԺǸˣ䳡Ǽ˵ѪҪˡ޸˵뵽


031 һ޺
˵ĿУ·ϻָһƬĮȻһ͵ĸ߼н似Ѿӿֶˣ׵Ĵɫ޴ʯһʵģֲľ޵ͻأתһɺصɱʹӵչ
Ѿﵽǰ·޻Ϸʵؿͬһֻϰ
ܣˣȻһ˴кֱ¡¡ͬʱһӰﻬԭĲֻˣٶȣһ޳ˣ
·оѣߺȻˣ
·̧ţһ󲽿һ󣬿ʮ׵Ŀռ䣬ʱⲻɳʯ߰ʯ棬Ѻչ֮һֻͺȻѾӵʮȥ
ռ·һŤòӣҲٿػתΣѾһƬȫ죬޴Σǰӵ˼£һǳһӶʹóǸľϵȥͬʱһͬһߴ͵ߣѽһ֧ɫֻչʮ׿ռͷŹȥһͷŵ򣬱Ǽ𺳵ģѾǹС䳡ĸ߼н似ǰһ֧һС
һĿͶŵ󣬻亹ȫţֲ龰ǵȫֹͣ
ʱƺҲסˡ
һ󣬵ȻʲôˣԼҲΪԼ׼ȷһжôƽá
Ȼɳʯɵһﵽ׵ʯ󣬳価һ˵ڻҳȻһĿɿڴģ
ǰѾһƬ棬·ɫҰ׵վڷͷĽǰһһֱͨ䳡ľͷѾ£ʷ״չ
أǲѰңĿֻ·ƬƮ䣬ѪĿĵһֱȥڼص֮£ȻˣʱûǴǸһ۵Сӡ
·û޷ڽչϹǸ˶ʮ׵ľ룬ľ·ȻѾܲ׵޵һҲ˵ԵһĿǰԵòʵĳ·˰ɲӣ
ɫȻհ߰ߣ˭СӣҲֻӵķݣѾһȻһ塣
ʦεԱһδ˲٣ΪʲôأԼҲЩԼǰһС
ĵΪˮϵˮ£Ѿߣϵһµĸ߶ȡ벻ˮģΪ޺һģ
·һ˿ڴʱŻٺ»˽ӻصһõľء
ߵߣ·ϻеȥһЦˣû¡
һͷкӿ
ѾеݣԶҪ˰
壬ӽŲص˹λͬһһ㣬۾ȻǺȻ֮ɫ·޵Ŀĺϵľηҽ֮ڡǶһζʱܲƻԲһκܶࡣ
ﲻëӰ
ֻһ࿹
ǲ˵Ҳһ
ˡ׵Ļ֤ʵ·޵Ĳ²⡣һλޣ۹⻹ǲģһƬУһ̵ĳ˵ˣҪǵ˴Ӵ˾ҪдˣǸ߱϶ٲһǿֲҴϳʧ
·ٿֲΧĳʮ޵ĻҲִֻС
ʮޡȣһʶûУʮ޵ļȴǲǷȱġǰʮĶһõó
ҵϵȴֻĸ
壬ҵûָһ£ˡ·޿һ䳡
׻ˣ޲֪ҪЩѺͻſڽǣ۹ⶼһ治ְ֮գ
꣬Ӵһɽǲ෹һ̾ɽֹǴָܣղŵһѾ˵һУ
·תʯҷȥ༫ȻĸһСӰȻ÷·һ֣û˻ΪӦá
˵¶ʮף·޲ȫȻʹɢһ㣬ǿСϲһ·ʯң·ϥ˫һϣȫָ֮УϢˮһϢĹЧָӸһоһʦһǰıֳأ·ʹͺɵǲ㱡ڳ˹ȥ
Ϣ̴һ˿Ϥʹ࣬·΢塣һһ۲գ鵣ĵظü
תʯеļƷ˸ڵϣ۾һ죬æܳȥ˰ΣҺԺСǰһС޵ûڵء
ֱȫֳǣûлȥֻСȣӳգˡ
һһڵǹ¡ǲŽ·ޣһţĵ׵ĺ̾ϢֹɣСˣٲĿҪˡ


032 
ʯУ·޽ȫܾǲ㱡ǰһһεĳܸоǲڵĺһһ١ҿʼѺֻۣҪһѾ·Ϣľ޴ʣľϵҲӵ
ʹӾˣһϤ˺ѰĸоȻ֡ʹﵽٽ㡪Ȼһ£һͻƳɹˣ
һʱ磬ɨо磬һɲ壬һĥ·ƮƮɵĸо磬б仯һ¸߶Ⱥ󣬺Ȼ֮ǰСÿЦҸڵı
һӳľһƽչСһ㶹󣬲žȻûСѾͷǼġһԾ򿪰һȴԼһЩ滹һֻرϤÿ춼СϿ
·΢ڵ˺һӡСѾͷ治һУԼоûбֳȥ⣬Ȼˣأ·޺ȻЩġ
ææʯңһİ棬ҵԺ
ǹ΢£һµССӰĬĬγһӰĩȻ䡣СѾͷԴк٣·߹ȥ£ϵϣյһֻС֣ҲЩɬ
û˵ûпһۣ齫СԴ῿ļͷоӨˮ¡
ҵȻҪģòſް
·˵
֪˵꣬˺һᣬ˵ٻͲһˡ
·һ㶡һ㷢ĵ㡣
Ϊʲôô˵
Ϊɵһֱ룬ĩ·ҴɩʲôӲУҪǣҪһܼ书ҲٻҾܿˣˡø˰
еĮԽԽأһ˵Ӱӡ
·Ȼ뵽СԴﾻװЩŹ뷨ЦҡҡͷСѾͷᵽǰ
汻ˮյøƺһ˲٣·ֺЦ˵ŶһСЩ£ֻǶ㵽𴦼ңҶãҲȫˣʮа˾ҪģҲˣͲΪģ˵ʲôɩСɩģǶԶ°Ҳû뵽أ㵹ѾɼƵġģٿɥˣҸ㶩СԼȵҪɼҵһ죬ͬⲻͬ⣬˵òã㲻ˣ۾Ǻǣܷ˰ɣ
С΢㶺󣬾͸ٷˣ
ڣæСָһȡ
ǹ£һһСָֻһһΣſˡЩֻСѾоˣֿ˻
磬ԶҪ˵һ仰
ġ
·ЦűС硣
мԺˣ𣿡
Ȼᣬ˵ȥʱһڵġ
ģСֳһ˷ܡǸǿĿ϶㣬һᱻԺΪѧԱкöôأ似õģ˻ĽǺǡ
ӣ·Ѿһ죬·Ǹж鸴ӵĿ
ܵ·޵Ŀ⣬СС໶ٵɨһۣȻͷȥ
ҵĲһ󷿼ʱ˼еĸҪϣһλ
ĸ˳üΧһʮȥࡣ
뿪ۼ弸ǧ˻һ·Ҫ𣡡ɽɫ
ֻǰ壬·֮һ·Ҳ˵һгǿţҲѵõĻѽʮ󣬷عŹ˭Ķ֣ڣĸ֣Һһƴ𣿡
һĬ˵ԾᣬϲԾĳ鴤һﶼں£ôͻȻ֮أȻֻһһҪӦǱûֵһ
ҡҡͷɽ˵ͷɻ
ͻȻƺģôأ̶̰꣬ǣ˵ͨ
Ȼйأϵöָйأһóô౦ҩһؼ켶ģҲаɣˣЩҩⱲӻûأ߽رڵ·ҲòöռָҲõɽֳһͷ
ã壬ţԳȥɣ˳㣬ʮ֮ڣҲòϣСӾ֪㵽ˡͨ졣
һ˵ߣϺȻЩ
·أ·ң岻عˣ˵
ֻôһ˵ȴ㸸ģ˵Ҿ˵ˣ˵ǸɫѿͷǸûûεˣֻǺԣ۲·޵书ܾˣ취Ҳ㲻ˡ
׿ЦõؿԼĸףҡͷЦ
ղղղղأٲ͸Ʊʾһ߰


033 뿪
˵ţϾǼ´֪Ĵ£ûд£һǲҴŵġ
ͣ»ͷ£Ųſͣס˳ʵ·ˣҪǣ𣿡
ͷһ𣬱˴Щô˻ʲô£
롣˵ͬʱӭ˳ȥҲվ׵λϸɫ԰ף˫ַ
һᣬǰ·ںβ¶СѾͷһЦһҸˮס
ľȻվš·޳΢΢ͷӦԻص㣬˼ǸүүȻйоصĳ·޹·µĺӡ
̲סЦ׿ЦŰҡͷһһܳߵ˴ĳǳϵġ
£·޼һͷĿ˸ʱ׹ЦҲλߣΪҵͷʹɣ
һ䣬Σȴû˽ӻĬˡ
·Сѣɽ˵Դ￤ȷʵΪͷʹ
λż·޵һЦⲻ𣡡
һ㶣ֶҪߣ
ţ·޵ͷңҶûкô뿪ЩЩ˵··Ҳ鲻Ǳܿãʵ˿ԶԿĵزǲҲҪǡ壬ллЩҵչˣõҵĵطһᾡΪһߣΪѣ׼ţ˽ҸףһţôһˣġһеĹȫ뵽ˣ׷ͷѹĴмؿ
侲ǣ־Ϲңʮ꣬ɺȻҪ˻飡٣ҵֵıҪˣ
һ価Ϊȴдοһ仰Ҳܾȵ塣
ֶô˵أײס·˫֣кŸмȷʵߣֻҾˣ׷ɱ֯ڰԡ
·һЦ׵ģ壬ҲΪԼ㿴ҾΣ
Ҳ޷
Ҳʡüλүү˯áǺǡ·Ц
һ졣
ҾͲˣǡ·һת˳
Ҫɽסһ¡
үүżؿһѾ߳ȥ·ޡ
ҵ㡣·˵˳ȥͳ
ʲô°ܲˣ·Ҫˣ֪жٻҪ˵أ
ţšǺӣүү롭㣬·磬һˣɽεһ仰ֻ꣬۾ŵصһգգ
뵽Сʱͨ죬ŤŲ֪ô˵
ӣ˵ѽүүǰʲôȢ𣿡үүǸϺͿͷðҲˡ
үүһת
ޣޣҪȢ㣬Ǻ£ȢҲûϵôòſޣɽȰ
һ֪أû˵ҳûƯ书ûãҲ󡭡˵úѹ
ˣȥʣĺͿүү
ˣĺáɽ룬˵
ˣСӳ긮ñ˼ҵСȥˣҿɳ˴ˣûõĶһһүүƴĺӡ
ڶһ磬֮ʱ긮ǰ߳һ꣬Ȼһɫ£ȥһƽûʲôǣһƥϵȺһëɫȴֻһʮŮϵãС顣
뿪һص̾Ϣһ䷿ﴫһλòɵС㲡ˡ
˳긮Ҳ˵һ·ǣȻһ·ľʱ
ģǸǸ
·޿òϣϳ֮е¡ֻ·ͬ˹һıǲ⡣
ô
·ס顣
죬Ժ·˵
һСаᡣ
Ȼˣȥɡ·һЦת·߳һΣǸСȻ׷ȻסһףȻ󲻵ӦҲƵˡ
ǵӦĻԶԶĽС
·޴У˴·һֱߵʱ֣ǰһƬׯ
ׯҲаʮ˼ңɽ룬̣ڴϿڡ
ıççԲޱ޼ʵɽû֪ıԵҲûܿľͷ
·ǣׯΪׯϣһװס
ˣׯ𣿡һƤ£Ĵ׳ױɽ紵ôֲڡﶼִһԻֲ棬ѪŨ֪ˡ
λ磬·;ˣҪԴ￤ȥ֪ôߵļЪޣһǮ˵ͳһǰһ֡
껥һʵ𣿡
Ŷ˵иԺ뵽


034 òͷ
û˵꣬ѾЦվֱˡ
Ҳ̫ˣôϸҪԺûȤ𣡡Ǻǡ

·޵ͷԼȷʵԼǰԵʵ̫ˣ˵Ǹߣ˵ǸһЩֻ·޲ЩʵĴ
ЦùˣһĿʮ˵ðɣʿߣҼﻹסʮһȥǸԺ׺òá
Цһ˶˵ڻͬ˻ؼô룡
ڻһЦУ·ׯȥ
߹հ˹գ·ϲʱк
ڻˣǲ򰡡
ޣثҪҲһ
һɾСԺǰվסδԺڻȺˣ
ˣһԵ͵ɽ򸾣еһ뺷ŮºءһòĴãʮ߰ӡ
·΢΢˵·μӿԺĴ󿼣ҪԴȥߴ·һѵģ˵ֽǶͳݹȥ
Ǹһ뺷֮ˣº˵ԭǸʿҲʲôӵܣǮɣס¾ǣɽ˼Ҳûʲôдģǳʲôͳʲôˡ
Է˵Ȼ·΢Ƕ
ԵȻЩ׷ʹӵ⡣·޳Կ࣬ʳǵһγԵʣǸĿ⾼ֻ£Ҳ
ڵһ䷿ͷܿ¶ĺڡӦû˿ӣ·޿ʼ
·޿Сϥڴϣһ·лһ㣬Сӿ룬ܣ״״ʧ
ʱܿȥ·޽˴˯ȥ
ԶһСڻ֮ſ۾æ˰ҹһƽԣȻһˡ֣Īǽ۵ˡ
ڶһ磬ڻǰͻȻ죬˻æܳһȴһﴵ֣һСɫɷн£ʺ죬дţţկĴϡ
һ༫СӣһڨЦһ·ڻ
ϲ̫үϲ̫үҼүǰӭȢһƸȸˣȱʱɩٲϽξ˵Ĳˣٺ١˵Ҿ
ڻɫ࣬ǰһվֱһ㡣
ĶСӲѧȻΪܣĻԼˣʲô
ףô˵أĵҵĻ־ȻһһԵģүһأݺؿǩοĻԼҲһ˵پܻٵģү̫үûˣ˼ҵС̫үϻأүӭȢʱ٣Ϊˡ
ǺӲסЦ˭Ҳǲˬ
ڻҡ˹ɽ붯ҽ㣬ȹСүأ
ǺӺһһӣһȺСжص˳ׯȥٶȾȻɿ죬Ⱥ˵Ҳʿһ
ڻסϵĶӣ˵ǸҪ͵ˡ
صڻǽᡣ
㣬ģܵڣ㡣ޣܵܺ۾
ص䣬·΢üͷĶ鷳òԼ֡
ڶһ磬ǺϷݣһ׵غһǸͷһƷ
һ£ڻ趯棬һȺСˡ
صУĳͷ˶۵һۣ޽仢ׯֻһߣѾʮˣǸ׵ġţλʦһıʯͷͼá
ڻ޵ûڵأȴֻһ˼һ˼ĥĻ档
˫һ磬·޸մ˯ѣһǵĹˡ·ͷƣ³ʲô£æ˳ȥ
ȻȺˣһ񳵡
һһүӭȢСˣǵôһүˣȻСׯҲҪˡǸһαһš
䣬һЮһȻɱٱšڻ˫Ŀ˹
浽ӺһһȻֱץȥ۵һץţһһǧĲӲסֱڻﷴײȥ
ۡһ죬ڻؿţܴˣһڵҲɲʱ׵ˡ
ͬʱǸӷһţǸų嵽ǰĺڻȥ
ۣ
߿ˡڻѾһŸϳĻסˡ
ӳһ˫ݺݵ۾ĴһеǵãǴӣǸϽţүģɱүǷׯҲа˰ɣ̫ϧˣ
˵һӣʮǰؿߡ
ڻͻȻ۵һѪԺһʱ
дͨͷˣ¸صͬʱСԺ
һ󣬼˳ɵرǵԸ
ׯСȴҲǧˣΪһСǧ˵ķصöࡣɽǲ𣬴ֻһ·ã⣬ѾеõʾĴŹҲʵƻΡ
ԺѾһƬ޸ɽ³ɼû˵ѹˣ˵ǸѾ߸ˣԭٳȢɽϣѾΪԻˡ
Сֻĥ̾Ϣֹͷޡ
ʮ˵ׯ⣬ƥУһ֣˷׷ɽȥ
۳ʮ·ǺӺȻסתѵصȺһ
Ƕʮ⣬һƥɫëĺͣһλһȻĿǣûһ˿仯һ˿Ϸӿ˫
Сӣһ·ʲô˼ͷ𣿡ǺӶݺݵ˵


035 ɽ˸С
ߡ赭д˵
Ǻ˫΢УȻԷǳԻƵСͷ죬ͷɲǸСԺôɵ߾
Զ㣬ȻСүˣ
·˫üһǰСүʮүﻹǵһΡɫһ䣺ūţƾ㲻Сү˵ǰߴ·СүҪӣ
ʮ˹һЦǺһŭŭͻȻ䣬ؼһǿεڿռըʮһ˲ѪҪһ㡣ʮͬ˹һ˫ĿӰ͹ǿǰǸһָͷĵʧˣ£׽ֻӵԽԶԽá
үүСĹ۲ʶүСʹ·
ţկڣͷºžƣĻ£Ҳûһ˷ϣǶһѹկķˣˣ˭Ҳû¡
˵㢻ȵͷϣһɽ´쳹ɽկѾûˣկһʱûӦƬ̣͸۾ǿˣ
ͷѪЩֻ꣬Ҫһ˿ΣյͷǾɱƬ֮䣬կǰѾٶˣһ¼ãѪҳǡϵıȴǺ˸һѪ֮ӯڿСֻҪ۾һۣٲСȺӣÿﶼʮɾǲܹױġ
϶壬Ǵկĸɽϴ׾һԵţˣ¶ϣİٽأʦ׵ĸ֣һֻ󻷵شһٽҾԵĴˡ˵կӣٸӣһ˵ģŷǿЩСֶġ
໽ųɽⲻһȺˣһȺһȺѪȵ࣬һе
ɽѸγһΣסţص濴ȥ
ҲģǻĹֶӻˡ
㣬裬Ļͻ£ʲôۣЦȻɱ뵽ΪԼɽģΪһ
죬ͷһۡ
㻹費㰡С޶¶ƺڲȵİЦ
ƺѹֿһ֧һƥɵĻ˻֣ȺɫĴֲСǰУһ룬û쳣Ŵƴ˭ܵÿ
׾üͷһ壬о
˶ܹˣһͬйһֱͷ
󣬹һƥɫëĺһλһȻʮ꣬һĻ£ĮǰȺ֡
ɽҲЦˡ
ܵƥɽ£û˹һˣǲòӡ׾ɫһ
Сѣɽ𣿡
һ㶣󵱼ҵĽ쵹ͦǡ
·޵˵ûʲô£һڻĽ˼ˣĵҵҸѹկİɡ
ɽһ㶣ڻĽ˭˿ѾָһĻ׹뵽һ⣺СƾʲôôᰡһΪ˭
ٺ١һЦ׾Ҳࡣһü۵Ķʮ߰ĴӣϷһЦǽһô£ЦֱԭǸ͵ѾͷΪǵĳСӣΪɵϣ
С㿴𣿡Ϸʵʡ
ûУҲˡ·޲ɫ˵
УеҲֵүү·˵𳤵ŵǰһָ֧滮ѵմѪҲܰˣСӣǧûѧ£ѧᴵȻ治֪ôģǸɶõĶ֪
Ⱥɽһ޼ɵĴЦ
׾ʶתͷһصĻһЦ˼ҲûУǰиĿ־塣вɵһԻĻ飬һͷɽûһİ취ˣȻ֪ɽĹأֻط
Ѿ߳飬¶ЦĿڵһ£һɺɱѾϲһ֮Ŀռ䡣ɱ֮УһͨܵûСûɱǧϣûԡѪɱƾһ۷壬Ǿ治ǿɱġֵɽǣֳ˿ȣкϷˣĵҵһĺԽСҪеܣȥôʵĺϷ
Ѫ񵶣ĴүСУй񫣡˺С
ģõŸ߼似СëӣֻҪĴүһ£ø߼似ΪС˭ѽۡ
ļһʲأ·ޣûʱ㣬ҿҪˣͦĵѡ
Цǰǰϡ
׾Ҳֳһ˿ЦСٳɫܰԼԽԽСˡ
ģСĵ㡣ϼûκα仯·ޣ׾컹̲ס
İɴ磬Сӻòϵڶ˵ţƥѾڵγһ·̳ǧһĺˡһĳ·ޣгչ·ɳһ㺮âصͷȥ
ǼСġǷóǰСӲһ㡣һõѪ񵶣߼ͽ似һǧѪͷƮˣֻе⣡˷ˣ
һ˲䣬ʮͬʱͷ
·޵ĵƤۺȻһӿ򵶹ӭȥ


036 ɽ
ֺЦ룺ȥԭǸɵӣ
ͬʱ·޵ͻأͷ
콫һŵĳֵѾˣҲ̫ЦˣƣӲƲҲ׷𣬺οգ
أǸֶ˴˳ЦĿǳУͻأһ͸ˮγʮ൶͵ʵʵĶϣһȦȦˮϷٻϣһ˲䣬ʮ
סˡ
ѾĺˣˮֵܳɲǣѪѾûκˡͬ໨ϣǧﾢôʧˡ
һ
˫۹ʶֻϣѾһֻӨӨ񱬵һ졣̹һû
˳ȥǰѪ硪һֻصͷžڵϡʣµӳ׺۵زõϣһ·ڡһڵϣʧ۾ûҵ㣬һɴһɾѾͷȫڵϡ
ãȻ̧ͷһֻѴ¡·޵һи߼н似ξѾͷϻ䡣
ɲǼ䣬۵ķѾã棬еӭϣѪ֮ؿ񵶡
һ£ʮ˵һ֮ʳӳɳڵ£աͬξӵһȻһ󣬽һֻ첲һ㴹£ҡ
û͵һĵôˣֻһֻơ滹һֻɫĹ
Ѿˣֻûһ£ھ飬Ѿûһ٣һѾҪˡ
ۣ
ǰȫͷ°Ѿ뿪壬ȥѪӶϴٲһй¡
ĶѾ˵֮⣬һ˫Ŀûһؿ
ûɱ𣿡һ롣
һһ֮䣬Уһ۷壬ţկĵҵľ͹ˣǰļһתͷ
ɽǰľٸɱеСɲʱСÿһɫҰܣ΢ǰ˭һˮľͬ޵Ĵʦʮţ񣡴һʦû취ͬ򣬴򲻹ңܾţܴСӵи߼似ļһǲĿֲ֯򶼴򲻹𣬾϶ɽϸƽ֣£ϢŪ˼ҵļ֪ǼֱΡ
׾е
ӦŸϽžһۣ׾ݺݸһǶ⡣
Ȼǰʩһ񡣡ţɽ׾ԺԸǲ
Ķ˫ȻЩ
·һ£·˵ҲɽģԺһׯ鷳СǸѾͷҵˡ˸Ϊܺõɡ
лл·ǣǡ·ģԺׯʮڿţկˡ
һ仰£Ҳá˵꣬·һԾת·ȥ
ǣǣ
ǵƸûȥɣǰԶԶģתһ䣬ʧˡ
ٴλصׯׯھȻ˻ɳڻҵĴѾҲʣһԺˣׯϵȫڣźڻһˣһҾǿɽһʱߣȫɱǾͽȫׯһΣյľء
·޽Ҳû˼кͶԽ뵥Ϊ׼СݣͷһɱˣĳǲСһʱҲ޷ֻôĿռָʲô似ѡһԽԽеûһõʵڴ㡣򲻹ӶѣȵԱǡ
ռȻ򿪣·ֱϵ㣬Ŀ似ûʮᣬϰٲ似˵ٵöˡʵ¼һ죬һĪ⣬似ܴﵽʮѾ޼ˡ
ϸѰ֮£Щʧһͼģһ߼ͽ׵ġţ
Ŀ·ͷһǡؼģؼнףҲ̫˰ɣ
ͷֶЩ
֪ܲô߼似ȻЩģһؼǣЩóȥѾ׵ĸ߼似Եòôˡ
ûһؼ似
·ʶ˿һ£ǿϢͷչѾǿöʶһƬհףܾò۾׵ѹ
ģ
ûȵ鿴ԺȻƺҲûˡ
·һ㶣æһţԺͻȻ˶ʮˣװǫЦݡһˣһЦٶԭλϡǻ
Ǻǣû뵽Ļ죡
СԺﱾ׼ûɣķϵָż׳ӣһܲȻ֮䣬ŷͣĶǵӷ·׻ˡ
˳ǵĿ⣬ϵ˿ſڣһϤӰȳ֣һʮˣ϶һ
ڻүڵվĿƽʱŻԺǣﻹлӰӣ类ص˼ȥˡĿ
һ֮ι˵ɽͷһֳһƬ
ֻǲǣȺɷһϵӣЦ
æĿԺһѰңûǸɷ԰Щ
λү㿴׼ϵ⣿ﲻٸĹɨ˴үϲˡϵС˵
òãæ˵Ҳæˡ
ϵϱɫүֱ˵ǡ
Ҫλڱæˣ֪ˡ
һ仰һס


037 ȫ˵
ˣɽŭˣҪׯӰ彻УһЩ˿ʼѰһЩֵļһƴˣһЩֳѪ졣
ȣȣϵϱɫү֪϶ﲻ͸һҹ˯ҲҪôүǣʮΪڣΪһϲ£ϴ󶯸λ𣬱ؾÿ껹һ͵ɽׯûѽ
ֳɫ˵ɽ治һļȥǸһŭɾͻˣСʮϰأ
ĿһתȻԴѾͷͬﱧһ𣬿˵ϣһ˫ŭĿǿֱӡ
ȻҵĿ꣬ߵѾͷǰһԺӲĿȻһǰ
Ժ﷢һͺѾͷһϸŭ¡ʲô
С˻·˴˴СһСĴӴٲΪһ֡Щһͷĵͨ졣
ڵ·һʱЦáԼڶһ䣬ȻֵüΡ
һȥѾͷ֮һߡ
С飬֪Сͬ·ͽȫߣҲǰˡֿĹͷſ
Ժ͹۾ע£ֳѰͬһ̧֣
ǻһӺ̧һֻһָֻӣǸĿɿڴķϵ˵ʮ껢ţկӵǮһˣһ£Ϊҷһ£лˡ
ϵЩܲסĸؿڣ˵֪үһΪѽСׯǳĳ⽻档
ţ·Ȼ֪ˣСĴ磬ţկӵ״˵ˣׯȫˣǲ֪ׯСͬ·һԵмЩᣬ·ԭ¡ŷͷ߶߶·ףʵ˵Լġ
ѾȫӾ׹ȻڻҵѾͷʶһ·˲ļһͬĻˣʹÿÿҶϴһյǮҲ·ˡ
𣿡
ÿ˻жϲ·ˣЩɱ˵ɽµ
ͬµһԪÿ˵ϡһ֣ԺеӴˣֳ׻ĳɫѵѩһӣҪǷֵÿңǿһʲƸ
Ӿǰڵôšͬһʱ䣬룬Ǹһ·һλأ
ͬǰɽ˫ۿһӣֻʿˮķӦӾöˡ
̧һֻС򿪣ͬһ뻮һ
ǺǣΪ״ҰС·ΪǳʱĺСհɡ˵ŻѾͷ˹
Ƕǧһ䡣
ǧ
Ժһ뻹ټͬʱλʶ˭Ե
Ĵ£ͻȻľתˡ
ҲҪѾͷµ˵
ҲᣬתȦһҾ˵ãҵˣСʹɽλүǣ·䣬ׯʮ֮Ҳῴţկˣ͸ˡ˵һ֣ǰԺеСųԺš
ڴһûһһֲҲ̫ˣ
ȵȣ
һʵһСﴫûʲôȺвһףʮ˵ʱһƬ
·ү޵Сȫ˵İ˰
һԺӵˣһȫǼݡ˭ûעʱòصĿˡһǵĴǣ
ǡǰߣʲôﲻģҲҪһСҲûҪ޸ңǲ˵һ˵
ǣǣСˣҲ˵ˣӡ
ߣ£ҵߣ˵
ǣǣæӦţָֻ̧ӡ
мǮҪˣﲻ⡣
ùӣѾעʮˣӣһֻǮ䣬һˡ
Ժ˲źһڳŽĿתһϣǼСݡεɦɦͷ˵ʲôҲȥ
סǡϵһ羴ؿǼСݡ
ղûע⣬ƺȥλʮꡣ·ϳһ£С϶Ͽͷˡ
ʮ˵һ¹ԺУĴͬʱڵϣһʱ䣬ʵĴϣ¡ԺһƬǸ˴Ŀѡ
·ﻹסݣһϵеʹãСӲʮ갡ⲻҪ𣡡
̧ͷſǰֵģȻǸꡣѾͷһ죬ղŻ˵Ļͷӿһ˿
ڻƵĿͬԼСӣҵһʱͷ
Ҳû˸Ҷʡ
ڶһ磬·޿ųȵķƽʱֻм˵Сһż״Сð˼ʮɫȣѼİһˮ׵ĶֵֻǣȲǴӺóģǸҸ˴ӴϵĶʽظһ·һǽĵһ£ȴ񣬲Žȷϣһתȥ
ȫһˣ


038 ѹ
ٷ¸صͬңǸѾͷʹͷվԼţʱǰӾơ
ڿʱ򣬷ϵʳ˴һֱʵ⣺·ʲôʱͬѾͷװҺôһš
ۣ
·һڷ˳
û˸·ΪɽҪ˲µĲͬһ˵عŹүͼһǸԺ棬ʵϿνһ˵׾ĳ˵Ҫġû뵽Ǹ˫˫޵Ĵʦʮ꣬˵ҲţοһʦҲںһʲôԺ
ҹ뾲ʱ֣Ϣ·ľⰲȻһˮڴϣʶǱؼȻĳһʱѣѵ˺һŻָһ·ɵˣ岿дŷϵ似ؼнסԵ似Ѿӵˮľ뻻һĻֻһһˡ
ԵؼϣǷģǷˣֻзܽУӱܷ˲Ʈ쾡£ﵽغһ߾硣˱ؼģǷżأ
ܸٵһǣؼﴦзɣﴦзڣζ޴ڣʶҲ裬ͬڣ
֮󣬷·һ켶似ȴ·ɦһƣ
¾ĵͬʱȻĴĿռָҷͼ׻öࡣ
ֱӵһǰĹ٣ͼͽ׸࣬·õһʶ˿ǰһѾȫòͼĶʶĳʵ̫΢ˡ
־ã᲻϶öֻ࣬ǲ֪Լռ䣬ܲټһͬޣ£Щһͷһ亹˫ͬޣѾˣټһ̫еˣòǰ߻ˣ·ͷٺЦ˵ʦռ䣬ˣʦԼ˵ɶУһٺ٣űһ
·޻һʱϤ˹ľ·ϥڴϣʼһ
·޳ǿʶţСϷֳһɴûһԱ仯һµ·ߣȫµľ·ʵϺˮľ·Ľֽ漣ĲûиıԣԹԵȥ
һᣬһڲ֪ˡ
ڣһˣ¼ۼŵСܿγɵСܿģ·޵꣬йγڣʱѾйµĻɫڵﴦᣬСϣС΢ҡΣע룬Ȼʹ趯
𼸺һɣȻ󣬾ʿһף׵Ĳ·ԼȻˣ⹦Ҳ̫˰ɣǵͼ
ҹڻֻ˯ԺУӽǻʱƵķһƬ·סС͸Сǰ󣬰УһЩ㱿ɼķӡ·һ֧ʻȥһ㣬һּٶһ뿪ŵСڡ
ѹ𣿡ˣˣʲôطһСһҲûתطͷ˯
ѹͺˡοԼûԼͷϡ
Ȼڶ죬ûһ˿ֻһѯʣȺС鶼ҡͷ⼸ǼˣۿٽͻȻ֮䶼ûˣƽʱԼӺ⼸һ㳤ûСȫһҲû˾ʲôŹֻ֡ǴҹÿҹڻʶÿһͷǸѹĿֲ
εĲˡ
ֲֿľʧˣ·ڷſۣâܴ͸ռһӵɱһڣСռһɫֱͨԣһﵽĸѾȫΪһˡļ룬һﵽʦһ׵ķܵļ룬ǳɱȫڵܺѾǰȣڵһǿξܿסκޣκԵκ似һ֮
ռ·޵Ŀֲô
ټһֻĿռ䣬Ǳ񼶿ռ䣬ܴ·޵Ŀռ޷Ժ·룬һ㵽Ǹ񼶵ģȥɣȲ֪һռܸʲô
·һ̤ͬȥǵ·ǻû뵽ȺµҪԭ
ʮλʮ꣬緢ĸǡڻڵĽһ·С̺λˡȫ͵ںСȻܵ˵һ䣺ҵȻһɬܻԼˡ·޼ҿĿⶼѰĵ״о


039 
·ľǴΨһλԺʮߡֽ䡣ͷһ߸ˣӣвһ·ٲ˴һֽν̵϶ʦһһʮĳ١
˴·˵˶һͬһϡ
ߵʱ򣬾࿤ǳѾԶһ·ߵС꣬Ե㶫ٽǡ
С걾Сһӿڶߣﻹãһ·ֻһڣýŽǣûһλ˸ɴཫһΰ˹Щţ⣬ڵĴ³
ûԼڣֽһſ¼һλһʮ⣬ӡʮת¿ԵһˣٺһЦͷأǵλøǰɣǼŽأҲüһ
ͷ̧ͷһеɵۣŶ˰һͳˣһͺá˵ͷԡ
һ㶣۾ūţ˵û𣡡
ĶʮµӣĮȻĿһˣͬһ
ãáͷһһڣһ뿪ӡˣҳˡϧʮ˱ҭֱۡ
ûһӻͷԵꡣ
ڻǿȳԡҪǾͶȥһ߳ȥ
Ȼһ·緢ͷĭɵȥˡ
үүǲų԰ûءڻԵضһȺˡ
ͷҧгݵشչ˵Сǣұˣˣ˱ǸʦأԺԺ׵ӡ
ʦұûСһǷԺԺ׵ӣȴǲòĿ࿴˼ҵһĶֵһµĺá
ˣˣ·ɣڻ·ޣȺＸеĿⶼǿĬԵˡ
·޵ͷתͷһǸˣɫһû
ʦĿͬһӣûɵĻһ
šǡ
ע⵽ȺɽֵҰްСȻһӢ꣬Ŀ⾹Ȼһ׻ĸо
·޲¶ˣ³һĴͬһڻ·ҲûǸĿϰۡºһ̵Ĳ
ָһʱ·ϤĿǳųǰǸ߽ʮףصĳҲ׿⡣ʱĳſھҲӵϸӵųɳţһ·˹˰óȥ
ģҪһӣⲻƽʱһǮһܲܽˣ
ǰߴһ
һ˰
ׯͬʱĿͶǸϣĳ֣˷ţկķ˰ͱӸˡ
һһҵӴУһ¼һ֧ͬׯԣұˡ
ұٲֳɫǣˣǵǺǣһӣǺϣȻȻׯһǰ
ŵİ˳һĵһۣˣ
ϲɫʮһλˣұˡһ䡣Ǹ˳
Ŷʮһ˶ʮһǮˡ˳̧ͷһۣͬǰũûʲôһұ˲ãҲǸļ壬һ˳Կۡ
һһѿ
ͬʱҲԻׯǰ޷СǷĿĵЦŭ
ˣԺԺ״ӣҽ硣
ŶֿһۣȻѹԼķʽŪüȵĲ㲻ԺԺɣǾ͵ýӣԺ궼ʮѧһգǻɸëۣؼұȥˣ쿤˷ղһӣǸ缸͵ñϡǸϿ콻ۣǳȥȥҿûĥƤӡ
׽޵÷ȴò˰

һ޹ǵĴЦӻׯ﷢һڶˬ޼ɵͷǵؿ硣ȻŹص˲ûߣǰʮ׵ĵطһſ۾һգգĶŻׯһˡ
ҪͷһЦǾȻҲŵҪһ
ˣ˳̧ͷһۡ
ʮˡͷЦ˵ͬʱ׼õʮӵݹȥ
ȥһ£˳ͷҲ̧˵һλʿһһĵȥ
ȻָһסˣŴ͡
٣˳˻ͷһͷסļ˹ˡ˳ĿȥһȺƤŵĺ׳УһҲµĿ⵭ĿǣĿ飬ӡ֤Ժеһֲߴ

˵ĿзĶɫҰ׵վǰ˼ͣһ£ͺԥߵǸǰȥãҽйǸסǻ𣿡

ͬһ紵ſһʱ侲õǧ˫۾۵һ
黹еֵܽǣƱղذȸд֡


040 Ժ
ڵˣһ˲ɫΪѿϵһʱһëλʲô˰İ˳Ҫ񣬹ͬǸӣϹϾһŹһ
û֣ĨһͷһʱµĺˮһЩˣ˭ܵһȺɽﻹèһֻޣ
Ŷ·޵Ӧһ
Щͬ𣿡˳һЦʡ
ǡ·޵ͷ
ŶǶԲǲſѵĽ˰컹ȥһ˵꣬صĵһǸӵļʿСӻ·ޣһ˼ı顣Աһ˺ݺݸһţħͯ˵ӣ㻹ȥ˵ʶ⡣
仰ȫſڵ˶ˣħͯ
ֻһҹ֮䣬ȫȫ֪ˡһٻޣҴϰĴ䳡һ˵ˣһʮ꣬ܶ˽вգǾôƺ棬ƺҲͳһĴƷһ£Ȼı鼸˵Ļ⡣
ħͯ·һ㶣۾һǸ˵ֵļʿ
һۿǸʮشﵽٶĿ󺺣Ϻˮע˫ȷͻȻһ¹ڵϣеС˵ˣСˡСˣؿͷȥ
䳡ǱྡྷԶŻеһλʱǶΰĳ顣
ſڵǶȻ۾·ޡׯǸǰһ͡Ѿʮڵˣĸе˺µζһɺʹֻһͷܣҲ
һ̣һȺոջŵͬβ͵ɥ֮Ȯһ㣬ûıȥȻûһҪһǣƥ񱼣Ƭ̾ʧˡ
·æȥַǸʿЦû뵽ôֺġ
Ǹھ׳һ仰ͬһмһ
ͷһúֻӣʮ˴æ˳ţ˳Ҫ˻·޾ܾˣʮһ˳ǡ
»ǳ·޵Ԥϡ˵ʹÿʮ˿һ·ϣ׵Ľϳ֣Χ۵ĿʱʱͶʮһ·ߣһͬһͷ˽ȥ·˵ϣð򶥴ñӣоһƽ·ҪȻһסҲǸⰡ
˵ͷϼææȥˡڻʵ·磬⿤ﻹħͯܳħˣ㻹ʲôԺҽ㿪ˣԭô£ѹǰɽ㣬󿴵һ
·޵һЦȻ̧ɦɦͷĻħӡ
Ժʦұ뿼ģҲʽԺӦסҡ
·磬㵽׵һڻʳ˴ҵʡһʱ䣬ʮ˫۾ϡ
š·޸Ӧһ£ԥ˵ʦһף㲻öߡ
ʦ
ʮͬʱ˳
ͬͣĻ׶ΣΪʿҲǺڻˡ·޾ȻǱȸͷǿϼʮʦ
˺þãͷˣһ̲ס·Ц
һĴϵĳۣײͲ˵ЩŻ棬Щϣüһ̫Ҳݡ
壬Ҵ·еɵۡڻ֡
ˣѰ˼Ҳܴøƽһɣ˵ⶼǴӵܴܲŵİͷԵúе
·кһŹϵһϮҲ۸ִһĸñԷһԸʦûܿĿ԰Ͻˡ
ҹһСջУڶһ磬ڳǽһƬޱֺеĳԺ
аϵԺشĶտĴ䳡ǧĶ⣬ɫɰ͵С¥һ䣬ȻϾɲҲ֮ˣĻֺÿˣӡ
Ժж󣬷˴ˣһ뵽
û˵ó֯ƺΪɢеĽʦ漰С壬ûмҵ˲ɢڸصԺ﹩ְʼҵڣû˻뵽ԼŵԺĶϣû˸ҡ¾ĸʽµԺĪʧ֤ʲô
ҵĶٰʮ˵ĺƵԺСĴ䳡ʱѾɽ˺˵ĴӣǵļˣĿֳʶˣʹýԺ䳡ϣʱﵽ˿ǰ֮ڡ
ҵһˣڴɽĴ£Ȼ롣䶯˵Ŀ׷һЩ첻̫ļˣʱǰк
ư֮һǼ֮һĽֿˡ
ƴӵҲҪһЩ˵жﵽһ׵أֻһСһ
ޣ˵⻰֤ǸɵBһһҿɱȣǸħͯһдޣ˶ӡλܽţǸħһΣңĸ岻ģҸҿģòҺǡ
Ļһû˭顣˿ֻĿԾη
һ㣬Ϊҵˣ
Ʊղذ


041 Ӻ濴
ƽʱǰҫҼȻһ̬ӭЦɽһǰǴûйġҵļһһ㣬ڶࡣ
ɽ壬Ҽ˵ϵһȥ˺ô
һʣɽһ㶣ȻôشϢôﲻҵĶء
ǰ˵ֳǧϣﵽϻһȥһûȥ𣿡ɽʵ
ѾϹȥһһҪæϼ죬ȥȥû˵ļѾﵽʮңŹǰʮĴңȥһϣãҼüͷ΢塣
ҼȴɫءҶûϣȥǲȥأ
ҼƫͷҵĶһһһ̵СĴһѰʲôˡɽ˵ɽ壬Ͽҵôһҵӣһʮ꣬и뷨֪ò˵
˵ǣʲô²˵ء
˵ҵС㣬黹ûйԼ֪ܸܲһ
ôЩһʣɽֳɫԴСѾͷʮΪߺҾûϹýŵӰӣýˣǰŵĲߣľѾˡµüܶģڼֻǸˣܾô¡
ҼһЦ˭֪ڼеĵλþ˵ҲΪѣ˵һ£ȱһ£ȵϵܻԵŰݷãʱָ϶ԣɴ¡
ǵȻǵȻͷЦ˻
һߵҼȻ˵󵽵ģֿ֪һýˣ
֣һŮټûһյϣͲҵˡǻǵϵϰɡ
һͬЦ˵䳡һſ˿ʼ
һ죬Զֱ͸ֺʹŵϣ˼ظС
Ժƫһһа˵Ĳɫ۷Ժڽʦϣһںӿ˹ȥЩˣдǸˣС뵽ǰ¼κԱ
ͷӲһλߣ·죬ֻҲûˣ¶ǣֻһ˫۾ɡ
̾ǻׯˣĻҲûҵõһô˵Ϊ߼ʦǱʮҲûҵõΪʲôܻõļءǸͷʦ١
߹ߵһλͬŹЦ
ʦ֣ѾΪʦˣ˳ҾܵмԺˣⱲԸֻʮأǺǣѡұ۹⻹Ƕġһĵ⣬óͨ졣
ͷηǳһʦбӡоʵ̫Բסλһٶˣûһͷõ͵ʮ
ͷƵĺһйĳ̾һ
ܣǻׯһˣʦˣʦ𣡶ʮˣûһϵмģЩСͬǰ̧ͷͷһİ
ͷһͨͨģ굽ȥŻֲͻ
һСƵؿϳһ˲š
ʦģ϶еġ
ˣÿض˵˵겻һ
زһ
û»ˣҶһٶˣ뵽ƽԭȥʱΨһԸҲˣ˵ܸжáôûҵĶͷأ۾
ͷ˵ݣǱѾ̧ȵȥͿʼˣ˶࣬ûʱߣȻһ춼겻ˡ
ٽӹͷһţôиˣ·ޣ𣿱ʲô˶ˣܣ
мԺȥһң·ûڶ
УҲһǻׯҲû¡
˵ͷһȥˡ
ͷһĨһתͷЦÿȥˡ
·޶վȺ⣬ԵøŴʱۡʱԺŹŹֵĴڣҲû鿴һϣųϳ
أһֻСͻȻһ£·޾ͷһǸС顣һСϼϲ֮һ˫ֱϣδȻࡣֻ۾ԵøЩ
ʱѾΪעĿĽ㣬Դһļӵܵˣһ߶͵͵ֱֵסһλŹ˵ʱȺͶʼѾﵽ˶㡣˭
һ߹ʶһλȭͷϡ
ôҵҵģ·΢ЦǸСѾͷ
һȦأǰ߿ǾúУǺһ֪ˡСѾͷһ˷ܡ
Ŷ·޵뿴Լ󱳣һ𣿺棿
šʯ꣬ÿҶʱҾһֱ㡭סڣС糺һƬһʱòɷԭ˳һ棬ڶ֮ʱŵԳһ档
һʱ䶼û˵ϸᴵ֦졣
ߣ鷳ˡ·޺Ȼ˵
Ʊղأ


042 󿼺
ͷϳ
̧ͷһһȺҡڵ˹ǰߵĶˣһһõҲûд⣬һķ裬ߵĶһҶӣȻҲٲ档һͷۣп˭˳ȭͷơ
С㣬߸΢΢ҾǷӲӦҵ֣ûƴ󣬵жǮľ¥ǮׯǷҵģҵǰȥף˵ľң㿴Ҳ֪ô˵ź͵СϸĵʹŮӿ
һ㶣ͬʱŵĿһˣһֻհСסĸ첲˵һСȺ˵ĿⶼݺݵĶ·ϡ
СӸģøǶƵġģȻҪ˵
·̾˿˵Ҳ㣬򣬵ȿ꣬˵սġʱҺòáͣͬͬһλ׵СʱԶһϡֲһ䡣
߸ӷӲˣУСӻͦǾ͹㣬׼ҩɡ˳һүѾһʿ۷ˣ
һ仰һˣһˣӿٹڴ˷ܵЦ
ׯ£æϹ·ްڰ֣Ȼڴñ£ɫͬ߹ȥ
ҵ˴Ҳ˿Ϊʲôһɵ˽һɺ޷ӹһ˿ˣһŮӵУӰӡ˴оǵһĿۼأûһ˿ϲãǸӰ֮£ЩḡѵСһǮֵֻһ̫ˣÿһҹٵڰױһ˿ʱͷûмһʹࡣ
죬ͷ˴һȻ˿ʼˣ·޻صׯ֮УȴԸȥ·޵ŽеԼѾȥˡڻƵĿһۡ
СѾͷԼδĽȤŨ
еֵȥĿ֮£ַھϣһȴи·û˯õͷûĽе·ףͼ࣬һ
ظɵ߻ء
ǰԡ
Ϊֳ̨ͬϣֱͽף۷壬ʿͽףʿ۷壬ߵͽף۷塣껹Ҫڳʦͽ׵ģûһõϣԺҲͲǸˡȥȥԹϰˣһ뵹ǽ˵ͼ࣬ûȻ޹⣬ҲİãڼԹģԼܴﵽʲôﻹ
Ӳһһ߸̨ȥķһֱۣ߹ͽף۷壬ʿͽףʿ۷ǰվȻӡ
һ߹Ժĸ̨ϣϣѾһڴ
̨ҲǾһ
ʿ۷尡һʿ۷壡ǷҵĹӰ
淢һ̾
Ӳֵ֮ɫְϣʱһâϷȻȷȷʵʵﵽʿ۷һ
淢һкǸǽе춯ء
һ˹ȥȥһʿͽ⣬ûгġ
ء
һ˳֣ڴλеĴߣһ˵ı֡
ڵأһֻֻڲϣߴصֱߵʿͽ׵ǰֻһַֻϣȫܶõɲʱӿʱ
ʿףߺ
ȻʢʿףɺʱȫһУÿµСַŵϣǸʿͽ׵Ĺʱȫ˷Ѿﵽ۷壡
̫ˣÿ̾Ժܳһλ˯ĻӰ
顪
һУ˷˶Ѿ֪ļֻһķɡ
鿴һı磬䳡ֱԽбԹĹûһǰֻʮˮһСַ棬˳ܵͬʱعͷ
ȫĿˣһ˹â޵СŮӣһ˶ʼĿ⣬Խ壬һͷϴſЦñӵͷϡĿеһɵҲװס
Ĭ
ջϾĿ⣬ﻶϲͰôĶ
׵ˣǵĿ⻹ǸһֱͷСϣûȲʡ
̾Ϣ
һϵߵһׯصؿһοߣ߼ûһۡ
ңҲ˸һģֻѾʮˡλҲʮ߰ꡣûһܳСΪȫǡ
ұͷϡ
Ǹʦ֪ǲǹ⣬˳ߣ̨һ˵ȣһֱͣľİ׻ĳӡԵ˼㡣
ʿסһУͷһġ
϶мˣʦ֣˵ʮӸʲôЩЦ
ӶҲûʲôáһͷ²ٺǻȻδĽų
ǣ
ʿף
ʦ֣⣬ұϻظ˵˰ӱ䱾˵֪Ļׯûһʿһ׵ģȻ۸һͬȥһжǺǡ
ҲһİɡͷݺݵһѾһŵıܣҧгݵ˵
ѾЩˣһЩ˿ʼ뿪һ꣬ûпɿˡҽֻʣ˻ׯһʮߡ
ڻϵ߶ˣеҲСöࡣ


043 ֱмԺ
ڻĴӦһȥȥƺƴ󣬿ͽ׺۷ʿǰԵһͷ󺹣ͷȥ
ˣڵͼҲͦõġ
ǸʦѾЦ޼ɵˡ
ͷʦѾֳɫׯûһܳߵģڻҲˡ
Ȼϣʮܿȥڵȫһˡһꡣ
·ޡ
ִǸͷĺѾҵĳһ˲侲ˡ
˭
˭
һͬϿȥһЩ˾·ѾΪһʶһЩֻ֪ħͯҲܿӱ˵ľ̽һ˵ܣħͯ־ͽ·ް
ӦһʱĲͬһͬԭһֱվߵꡣֺ·һʱĲȥˡеûҵĳѾˣ˭ҲͬʱύһΪһЩҪ£
·޿һһЦ⣬һֱߵ飬ȥһֻñӻȻҵĴͷϡ
߳Ⱥʱܶ˲ŵһ¿ſ˼µסŮӾɫס
·һȻվԣһʱûȥǸһߵ߶ӡ
һᣬ̨Ժ߲㴫ˣϸϽ֡
ǸѾһվ
С磬һɡ˾ҧпͿ˵С磬Ǽͬʱ׹СӾǸֻ˴ﵽʧ̬ĵز
ҲǸ·һҲûһ£ֱмԺȥҲСӵǰѾߣڳѾûһ㶯ˣ˻
ټˣЩʪܣׯҲ˸𣿡
ıܵĻشй߰
ԱߵͬѾЦˣ˵һ䣺ʦһֱʲôšŶȥмԺҾϵ׼һˣߵʱ䶫߽˵
׻һ¡
һѾڳ쳹ʣôܴﵽмԺ¼׼ԡ
·Ὣñժ£ӵϣӢϵȻ֮ɫӡ
һʱһˡ
һߵһָһֻ˵Сȵ˵òã
ã
·֪ԳһԺǲ뵽ԽмԺı׼ġǸ۷ǰķ棬ͻȻֳһ˿Ϸ֮ɫһܣѰ˼ʮĺȻ˳һɲǼ䣬̵ʱڴﵽ߾硣
ĿɿڴĿǸգۼľ޴仯
ˡҫ۶Ŀĺɫ
ą̇̄ʮȫͬһվǲеԺλΪλһСĵС磬һжеġ
̶ֳܾȡ
ž
ˣ
ȫ˵ǰֻ֤˳ɾ͵ˣ㵡ɽĺȲ֮Ŀ£ÿг𺳻𺳡
ȫĹѾĳܵޡ·޵ĹʩΪ£ûгԤıˣϲû˶һ˿
ƬǰһأӨ͸Ľ¡
ֻһûеһ˿⣬ǸСͬ۾һҲû뿪ıϡһʼҵһ̣ͱͷβץסˡ翴ǲһʱ˵
ʦܡɵǸŵüͬšȥмԺ˵ͦõģҪҪһʱһ
˰̾һҲ˵ʲôܵõ㣬ǺõٺˡһҵĶ飬ﻹиղŵķ⣬͹һ˼ųϵ·ޡ
һ֣ܵڻֳûʦʧһĺܰԲΪʦʱһΡ
ʦ治ǻׯϵˣҲǼİ
ĺã治ҵܣô۹⡭أֻҪȥƽԭǣҾ֪ˡ
·Ѿֱߵ̨ǰֱǸԺˣܴܲﵽмԺı׼еĻҾϱԺȥ
ŶﵽˣﵽˡԺ㱨ȥܴȥҲԺĽ·ǽĹȥ˲СԶطȥˡ㲻뵽ܱˣعŹﻹûһԺʷֻжй׳١ңԶԴɽԺѧԺھһˣͬһﵽ۷壬ʮʮϵĴȡгһյǧСطʱԺһ䣬㹻ЩҫˡǺǡ
ãҴӦ㡣·˵úԥΪǸصԺǱҪȥġ
ɽҵЩԣͬʱ뵽һͬǼӵܽԺͬҪ£ɳӳ£֮֡һٴӵͼԺ߼ȥСӣǰ;ܹԤˡһᵽߵߡ
ò˵ĺ·޸еͷʹһ˵ǷҼʱ۹ѰҵûǸвĴү
Ƿˣ·޵ЦиӽзӲô
ǣǣʶС¶ɫߵһǷӰ


044 ж
ղŵǼ˵Ҫһ٣ء·޵Ȼ˵
ܣ·Ȯ۲ʶ̩ɽϱһʶҼۼĳǰͬѧʦǰһ㣬ʱͷɽأҲˡ
û£·Ц߹ӣʱпգңҪûվˡ
лл·һؼһһһ𷣣֡ĶӴʱվȺ⣬֮׳֪
»һȺˣǻׯˡ
ڻߵǸʱ顣·޹
߻ׯͬڻĵЦһ㵡
ڻˣиô򣬽ׯģٺ٣ҿһСׯĺ
һ㶣̺ܰס
˵ʲôʲô򰡣Ǹĺڻ
ŶǸ·ҽ򡣡ڻƯŮǰЩִٲЦţɽеʵ
򣬲ʮ찡ͳ𣿡˵һɲʱ߽ͬղŻ˷ܵһµȵס
ǰ·Լ˵ġڻЦš
źڻ˭˵һѻʵ޻꼸ûһĻԣѻܴû˵һʱûһ˿ѪɫС΢΢
һرƯ
ǰܺÿҽã˭ȢǺøġںڻУŮԸϵ˵仰ûһ˿Ļɡ
˵仰ͼ⻰СŮ׻һ£׵ͬһֽ
ǰһġ˵뿪Ⱥ䳡ȥˮľյıĵᡣ
˭ԼòءƯµСӰʧſڡ
˭Ҳûע⵽뿪
·޻صׯʱû鵹Щ֣ܻؼ˰ɡ
ԺĶλϣ·ԺĵһңҪΪ·޴ܼʵıʶ
ʯϣ·Ǽ·¶Ưļݵϸ֡ǯһֻ沼ܶȼߵͼŵ·޵ļϣһ˹һְֻģϣһյʹ·һ顣ʶĻ治ܡ
ģ·ޱ۲һϸܵѪøɾȥȴֻһƬףκ·ƵĿһһߵĴϡ
עһܹȥԡº͵˵
·޵һȥһʹһֻһֻڸղӡĵط޶Ŀÿˡ
ǱԺıʶѴ¶˴ͻͬģͬʱҲΪʶֵκˣԮ֣Ժʲô壬ʲô֮ӵд˱ʶ˶ԺмѧԺȥĵӣΪȻ̫࣬ȴܳȺʦϵļһȺĸĹֻԴҲ㲻¶ĵط𣿡
·޵ͷһᣬͼȥ۲һƬס
ллϣ
òվлģԺӵѧԱˡĿǰǱѧԺڰΨһһܴﵽԺˣϼһȥǶҲֻԺһ˶ѡǶһˣعŹȥߵǸǼһԸ˵ţ۽΢ʪȻԺĸ鼫ⷬ˸д
ˣ·ѧԱԵԺ߲ңһκһ似߹ΪԺмԺѧԱͨýٺ٣ЦǣЩȥĲˣܵǸطļʮͷû뵽ܿһʮСӽȥЩǸ̾
û뵽ôô·Щܳ
Ŷλһ·ߣС¥һĿյϣĴһʯ񾲾
Ժʼˣꡣ
·һƽ֣ЩԾĿǸҲһƽӣĿڣҲһ㣬Ҳô˿˵ƽö˶ҲҲһˣһִŵģ񼫴½йҵԺճΪһĴ档
񼫴½ϵһۣǸ߹߾硣
ǰ˷ɣ·޲ĳΪ֮һ룬ޱ޼ʵ񼫴½жôĽŲСطֻǸפŵĵطˡ
ȻԺȻߣ˫Ŀʹɫ
ʦ壬ȳ˻ͷһͬ񡣡мԺĵӣңѰһؼ
Ŷ˵Ŀת·ϣһƳ֮΢·ϵѪҺһƳ֮ʣͻȻĿӿȫһͷŵ߾磬۹ĵ磬һֻˮܣһֻľֱܷϡȻһ˲ʶӦȴֻǷҶֻǷûһ˿ܷĸоͻȻѹκη
̫ǿˣ
Ǳ·ޣת֮͸оѰѹˡֵͷȥϾȻֳһЦݡ
Ϊʲôǰнˡ
˻˶


045
ǰǲ˵ʮʱ۷ͷ࿴һۣĵ¶Ѿǵء
·ȴǿЦǰԼǸ˳ķֻǰ֮ǰһһǰпֲʵͷǰóۣ·ߵľһƽ·
ţޣССͣ裬ĳɾͲĲĻعŹס㣬ɽĿġ˻û̧ͷȴƺ·޵ģ
ǰ·ûеһ˿ûеģһ˿ʤԷġ
Щʣܽᵽߣʱ
һʵʦǰѹһ𣿡
һЦʱҪģ㣬ֻǸʦһҵĸоȴͷʹһӶûȥҲֻǸССʥʣҲܡ
·޶ĿǰߣҲǼͨˣĿ͵ͬɽȪ磬ףһ˿â֡ĸˡ
ˣԼȥɣǵֻһһʱ
˻ʯһطһϣ·޵ĽǰղŻƽչչĵ棬һطи޴ʯ壬һ߻¶һƬռ͵Ĺ͸ĽǰһʯףͷǶ˵ͷ·ȥ
ǵãһҪһʱȻ㽫òκһǸһ顣
·޴ӦһѾתһ䣬ʧ֮⡣󣬺׵ľ޴ʯ建ˡѾӿǿϢ˲ʧʯ徹Ȼž˵κԵ棬µʶ޷̽ԡ
ԽԽǿտһ޴ĵ½ȫĴʯͣˣЩϢ档ߵǽϣһξһ鷢ʯͷǶӨ⡣·һ·£ֱ˼ףǰȻʣֳһƬ֪Ӻζ磬һֱϵڼܼʹһƬطûΪ¶˿ʪơ
ʮӵܣ򱾵ؼڼϣǲҲһǿϢڴ˳ӯ˸еһصѹؼֵúϸÿһܾһϵĹ似滹һдҩϵϵϵȻǺٵļȴǼرš
һʱ֮䣬·Щ֪ô֡վһᡭ
ͻȻӦһӿһһ˳ȥͷһȻǴϵöĿռָϷġһֱϣеһ飬֣ϢԴԴϵĴͨĽָ֮С
찡öռָȻڸǱؼ
·ѾԸоһָ֮УɱȥֱӻɹһأϢǿٶȡ
һҲһһ֮䣬ɣתһȥ·׹ָҪϲѾȴˣעԼƵٶȸԷٽš
һһһﵽز˭õһöĿռָȻܹиϢֹģȻָЩﵽ׵زʣͽͲˡ
ʱţ·תһǰ
ؼУ·ÿһ쳣أϵѾͷŵ˼һͷҲ裬´磬⽫ϵһҳ񵴣ؼڼܼһؼֻصԭĵط·ûжһڹ
ʱܿȥ·޷ԼѾľĵزϻдıûжһҧСȥûгСǽһƬӨ͸ҶӣײҹĳɹʱƬҶ·ڻɰһɸǿܾͳ·޵塣
·Ըٶ
ϣԶػԺصءûǵı͵һؼôҲ벻ǵ£һö֮С͵òֺ
ʥһǿʶƺһ˿쳣ϸ΢´΢šûжţؼûĽ⣬һСʦû򿪵ģҲ˵ٵôڣҲֻõһԼ͵͵ʶ򿪣Ǹʥ۷塣
㾡԰ɣûԹģǺǣСӡ΢ʱ·ֻصǰ
ʱڹȥ˻һۣվҪǲСӻסˡͬʱڶԷϿһ˿Ц⡣̬ţֻһ顣
ʥأУʯ˿ʯֳʥҪȥȴһźʪԴʯ׾ͷ
·ۻˣڿյģйڻʣһûռָֻһҳҡ
һаңСϴһգһ㲻ʣ
ʱϵĽָѾÿһǽ򵽵ġ
һڳڳڴòϢͣһ¡̧ųš
ֺֺЦؿС滹ûڰʥʶ̽ûʲô쳣ǲģµ쿴һ¡Ȼһжãֻÿһµĵ϶һУӡĽӡ̨Ӳʯ̾͵ĵ棬ӡҲĨȥˡ
Ʊղذǣˣ


046 ؼҵ·
󣬵ϵһҲǸڡ·һݹȥʥһ֮£Ŀɿڴͼнҽʿü
ʱʱõʺ似˵߼ģǵؼģҪңҲжġⱾȴǸص޸ҽ
ֻһ𣿡Ŀ·ޡ
ǰ·޴ӦſȥûпⱾõֵģǱʲô
ããⱾмʮˣ˶أԵʥҡҡͷ̧һֻϣϺһּӡѽ⣬ֵݸ
ֻ򿪣浽ʶԭŻȥġ
·һ򿪵˼ûˣʱûбİ취ֻýʶע뵽ǱУ̹Ϣʶĸоͬ򿪵κؼͬ
ѵΪǱҽüԭ
ߣʥһϣ˵Сѣǳʮټ㣬֪طΪһʥûͬһָ֣оܲã᲻Ѿüûˣû˼˵ֳһֱ
˵ĻڶλϵĻ£·һλصԺĴſڡ
·Ŀ˽ѾСͷɸޣ͵ȥˣһ磬־ǸмԺˡڰڵھͻǽ㻹㵽źãҲøӡ
·޵ͷӦһѾظ˲ѨȻſڣΧһпһһԵĿյڣȫ޾Զе޸γһЩ΢΢תС硣Ǳȴƽ͵ûһ˿˿󣬶λοǲ
ŲԶɽĳߣȻһЩ£̾Ļ˵ݡ·ֻһһӦ
ǸͷҲУʱͷѾõԺȷ𸴣֧мԺһͷм·޸мòвеģû˵ݣһЩؼ봫·ֻõͷĻɽˡ
û뵽һߣۣһһֱֱعǰһǷӲӡݵߴ·һȰο˲ˡǸҵ磬·һƣֻɫȫڣǰӵĸϻؿģͬһﶫ˳˵ķҾ¥ʱѾҹˡҹ£ɽ£סޡ
ҹһС硣
һСӰںԺĴ£ѾܾúܾûжһˡֱǸǰԺһ֣Ŷһ£½ϡ
ˣûҹĿ޵
ֱ峿ı뿪
һ飬ˣôûءǸһ䡣
𣬽Զ
γѵС飬ƴŷȥ
ûС飬·Щһ뿪ˡ
ȥˣʱ£ȥʱѾ³Ǻȡ
ûؼˣһ뵽ңͽסļΪϣһȴЩĿ⡣Ҫĸǣ·ѾˣҪӣ
Ǳģ
Ҫľʹ죡
һͷС
絴ػĪؼ䣬Ц
һ·󿤣һعŹ̺ˮϡˮ㣬һȥջҪϼ֡߾һƬƬ׻Ŀ
ﶼǴıأзݣ·ڴҲаĶÿ·Ҵ롣ֻǲ֪ʱ˵عҵǼеһλ·޼е뿴˭źߴ·УţǰȻһʮҵСкӣһ·ܣأȻʹõģ˫ϵܵúˮ죬һźÿСͨһƬ
·޷ʵСܵܣȥʲôѽ
ǺӽŲͣне·СүҪɱˣ
Ŷ·޿ܵҲȣȻҪɱˣиеЦôСɱˣ㲻³Թ˾
㣬˻淳Ҫɱҵȥɱ֮Ҫġ˵
ŶǱɱ˻ûɱأס
ɱ
С˵ú죬Ȼη·ԽԽϲ˵ҰҪòãҲͦġ
СӻͷĿһۣУһٲĺôҼҺǮġ
ã˵ˣʮһܣ㿴󲻹󣿡·Ц
ţ㻹㹫ģСһҪǧƽ˵ǲв
еܿ첻ء·˵
Сһ·ͣһܿ񱼡
ǮΪʲôûأ·뵽⡣
ߣҺòܳģҪǿץȥˣѵҲǽ𣿡ΪȻ
ĺָ£һСһ
ˡСӷŴ󵶣һ
·޽һӣС


047 
ϦѪӳУѪѾŨһصʬмڲСӺųȥֻûǰѱһһ߳Զ
˿ǸӣջһֻȴûҪǺһСһ𣬴ţ˭ɱҵɱ۾ðѪ
·ǰһסһ
ֻʣ˻ڶսߺӵһˣֻԹۣûǰֵͼ
һ˫󵶷һֱ
һѳ׵ľ޴䵶Ҳа׳̣ˮأѪϵ䣬Ҳôߴ󣬳ϣ涼һֻɫɽڼڼͬһֻİͻһ㣬ֻѪ֣ƾˡһͷ̷ֱţüۣһ졣࣬ʮ¡
ۿ˿ˣ·һӣһ˲¶ʮˣѪֱԣ˾Ȼһӡ̻衣
žһ죬Ƕһֿһ˻ԡѪĿŵһֻϣһѳϱһѾֳ϶˻еߣ뿪ֵܣ鷳Ҷ뿪
֮Ҳ࣬ϸɸɾûճһѪ˿ĿҲŮеһֻɫӣһЦˡ
ģأֻɱһˣôˣҲֻԼѡǺǣУɱ㣬ٻɡ
ǱҶӡ˵䣬ĿĿ˶һۣн̧ǰĵһ΢ڽγɣʱѾκαӵͻȻʹò˻
أһһӰһչȻ֮ľ룬ͻأԷ
ÿٶȰ·ǰһĲһֱʱսʱⷽǷȱ·޿óһѾõóһһܸ˫һսپΪѾ˼صѹʹ˾֮£һ˲׹ģǾֻսپ
Ǻǡ귢һЦаɫǰ趯ɫĻӶ䲼Ȼγһֻףһߵܡ·޵ͷ޵ͬˮϵֻܣǵӴˮγɵģȻҲÿö࣬·ǽг߳ˮĲֻһΡ

û֮Уĥ̶ͬʵƽв죬һֱƵǰһߴסˡͬճҺ֮У˷̲ȥʱسٶ衣˵˲ֳȻ֮ɫнеˡ
Ǻǡƶܣ߼似أһͼ߽׵ĽûиǺǡٶǰ˰벽һֻγצΣ˹ȥٶȲ죬ĿģԽ˵ĳȵ䵽˵ϡͬ쵽һ͸ıץһᶯ㡣˷ӦΪٶ۵ĳֻüһ㡣
һ죬ˣⱻжϣѾʧȥɫȻĵɴ˫ۣΪһֻƶѾ˿ƿֻɫѾһ֧ǹռ䣬˲Ϣ˵ؿڡ
žžڵϱ죬ٶγɵ쵽˼¡ֻýһֻ֣ӭֻӣӭʵֻֻһֽһĶ
С˺ѷεĴһ˫浶ǰ˳
һ磬Ӱһͬʱˡ·ûвӵоԵܣʹĽٶȷӵޡ̻һֲֻĴ䵶ǰʯ֮䣬·ѽܿӿ⣬һֻͻȻֳһֻ߳ľӨ͸ˮܣһֻȴһǿξ֮ľ֣˦˹ȥ
žžԷֻ󵽿ֲز䵶ݺˮϣֻССĶڴ󵶵ѹ²⵴һĲƴɢ
̻زŵؿֻˮܣԼԽһֻʯһΪͬһֻˮ޻һ͸Ҹ˼ǣԷһֻֻͷųһɼǿľֻͬɫӣӲڰ·һ˳⡣ͬʱ߽׸˺ȻһʮƤ׾֣֮β࿴
һѳ䣬ԼߣֱֻһѱȻͷҲһ£ⱼȥ
Ƕ΢֮£׷ȥû𲽣Ӳͣס
Ŀ·޵ȻĿǣûôֻǽһֲܲһɿ⣬ֻҪһͻԥӿˡ
ѹ£Ƕһ˿


048 彭а
ǳİ𣿡̻üʵ
ǣ·ǸСӣ˵Ҫĵ˳һ£·޵˵
ǺǣԭɰС磬ɵ»ǲҪܵĺã˵ءһѩŮЦ·һ˿ĵͬһδС˰㣬
·һ㶣λеĻŮİʵ
أϸһЦӳˡǰһ
·һ£סһҪҾͲˣһֻˮͷ˳ٵǰ
Сۣٲ֣ȳػȥɱˡ̻˵λֵܣ˵ˮġٲÿֻһɱˡ˵ţĴһҲᵽߡ
ɣҲһûס·޵Ȼ˵
㵲˵ģȻ彭ûж˴һ³ȨҲֻܴϹȥˡǸ̻ѵ
·û˵ֻһֻӨȻȻұֻۡһѾ֣ȻһöԸĵ֡
ս⽥ŨСǳЦţһֻ׵Ѿ磬Ƚסأɱٻ١
㵲סġû䣬̻Ѿľ޵һɲǼ䣬ؼ·ֻֻڡƿһе£ߵľΪ֮ҡΣҶ׷ɡͬʱģֻɫҲǹӵֱ͸пյĵǵХ
·޸ܵδѾЩʹеĵ⣬һֻˮ̧һΣûе򵶹⣬ӭֻǹѣֵȴֱӶֻʵľ޵ɵܵʵ嵶˵ܷһݵɫ˾
ǣǹˮϣˮһ˻ȥӣȴһƹֻ̻е󵶣һľϣǰâһʱʢ뵶ӵĵطųĿĹ⻪ű̹⻪ǣۼҪܵش߰ǧĵѹ£ܵ˿һֱѵһ£ͻ硣
סˣ
ֱ̻Լ۾ʵʵȻ۳ɵεסˡѵ˵СС꾹Ȼᴿ˰ٷ֮ϣǾԲܵģʲô˰ֻڴ˵вй˾۵¡ǰԯй鵶ʵ¡ҲѾΪ˵粻ˡ
·޽˶Է⼫صһĺãӡ֤ԼֻʵĴѾڲ֮أͷһˮܣһͬǶ˹ȥ
СۿһЦøζʲô˼Сӿû˰ɣΪķǼءеİɫȻǶϵȥ
ȻϳأӾȻڲзСŴһһֻСþȫǶ̤ȥۣһ죬ˮƲͳ׿⣬վסѲǰ
ɳһ֮ǰѳ޵һײ˸һ
˫ͬޡ̻г˵
ʲô˼С۲ʡ
ûĵľģĶȴˮԣһʦСӡ
̻еʵԸ߹СۣСߵ·ӣ̻򵶵ʮ㣬ͬˣ·
̻дһڣĿսѾȼսɣСۣСֵһսУѾҵض𣬸ƥһ⡣
С߳һ˿ƣԼ·ƶϡ
·һˮһӭϡ
ۣ
ɳ
Ҷ׷ɡһײ֣ٴϡ
ϦѪһƬ͸Ҷ϶ϣѾΪս𣬲סײһ
ǣһ޵һϣȻأٶȷֿ
ʮغϹȥֻиǿս
СӾǸʲô̥˫ܼͬôʱ䣿̻Ƶʵ
·޵һЦҲܴôʹ컹ǵһΡǲҪѻǵϼ°ɣ·һ˿Ϸʣ˫һϣٷֿѾֻܣһ䣬һӨ͸һܾȻͬʱͷȥ
ϵͼ似Ȼܵȴ˲٣·޲սپҪһһĿС
ֻһʦУǧʯͬء֮Ĳಢһʦս۷壬ĸ㾡ȫ˲еصĿԡ
սײ֮ϣҶľмҷɣһúõĴȻ۶ϡ
һʱȥѾսյ۷壬Ϧ䣬а⣬ӰǾףֻܹâҲǴʢ˿û
̻нסģô㻹۰ΣܺľͻȻۣ


049 ˮľͬ
Ҿ֪ܺľأģǺûˣһУһû˰ɣҿһûأ·޽е
ļٵġǶ˶һۣýӹϳɹˣͻȻôһλôϺһҲҡˡ
Ǻǣʹ죬Һþûôˣ磬С˸죬ĪΧ·תͣѾֱȥһǣƸΪ
ѾƽһƬյأû·޸ΪȦջأֻֻزʱڲ֮أ۶Էα仯ֻϼɡ
ֹһʱѾȫֻ֣һʱҲ޷ս
ûһڰսľԶΪѡ
սΣ·ʵ
Ҳã˴죬Ҳˡ̻г˵
ǰ˯һǲ֪Ǹػ᲻һǿȤöˡһѾӮټһǳȥأСĵһ˵üΪ̻һ󣬺ȻеҲҪԹ˵彭ŵĶа֣һʮСӶ򲻹ҲҡһȴǷǳй
ûֳʤء·޵˵ҵǳꡣ˵⵽һߡ
Сٲ˵óʯһѴȼհκ󣬲Žƿϵʳ£ŵ̼ϿˡһЩ࣬űڻϺܿ硣С۴ӻһ飬ϸĵĴȥ̼ңݸߵĴ̻С
̻кȻĽӹһҧȥԵ
Сۿֵݹһ飬ͬһСϱֲ֪ͳһķԼҲԣֻϺЦĿѻ𷢳žžը죬һʱˮ·޿һ̣Уһʱסˡ
һ𣡵ַͬΪԵļһȻʵ޷ܣʱ˾£˭ҲҪ΢
·û飬ϴû뵽һԵĶ˶ʱˣʱ
Ӧ̧̻ͷһűӷŻصСУָָСԥ£Ŀֻ·͹
԰ɣԱԼԼɱˡСۺ޺޵ĵһۡ
·ްڰ֣Ǵ̻˵òΪѣֻǲһûòɣ
·ȥֱӹֱͷ£ĿжȻ֮ûһ㳾ӣЩȻ𾴡
·ɵĽӹǸ̻˵ûжҿɲұ֤
·һ㵣漴дǴ̻һЦúӣĵ˵ֵһս
Ǵֻ̻˰ʱסڣСҲֿһЩԼ¡
΢ͣڻǴгˡ
·ǶҲ𵶵ѣ
ɣ̻не
СһС׵ӣһѣĿмᣬ羴磬ҪһսգĿһ֡ٿٳ
·սȸղҪҵöࡣ
һűǣϢôãоڵָܻ˾ųɣ·һſŷܡ
Ŀһеľ޴ɽֱѹֻĵӣһ״͸⣬ֱ·¸ǰƣ·޵ȥ
žۣ
˸˶ǶаĿһԣϣһһ£ϵ޷죬·ֻٳ˫൲ҹһͨһһһ֪⣬Ŷ
һ졣ǶѲٺˣһĹܲ͸·ޣһһ£һһңһǰһرĺ󱳣һʱ䣬·ͼֻˡֻ߲ܵĵȥ
ײ֮籬㣬һ
һ·޾ͳԲˣŴϱ任λãˣһµĻɫ·Ѿһֻò
УСЦʱѾʤס
һ˺ѿռͷ·޲ĽֻľǰһƣȻתһƾȻ󣬵ֱӱ˻ȥ·һ㶣һƾȻߵǿξһʽľֵַ룬ֻۣĵѾˡ·޲һǿξʽз磬һɨֻӱɿ񱬵һ֮£ɳ֮⣬С۲žδվס
ӡ
Ƕһ㵶ס·Ҳһʱˣһȷʵǿξߵȴһ·ӳѾΪˮˮϰ𣬸ղžǴϻӻġ
·һϲԼͻȻ֮ҵת൱һμͻư


050 ˵
һһܿξڶʽǧľ㣬Ȼ֡һʽ֮磬һľһǧ֮һѹԷһʼƷССһѽӹɣһѹѴǰ裬м˵һһȣģһֻ޵Ѿǰѹõը죬һƮѾǵѹһֻľܾͷһ׵ĵطѹѾǵ·ѹ顣
Ǵ̻зһУǣͬʱһƷӭֻľܡ
䣡
ķҶѾӰ
Ҷ£·޵ȻĿǶˣ̻дӵһĨһ˿ѪĨˡϣһֻ޴ɫѻ顣
ĿԣǶе·Ѿȫڸոյ֮УȫһƬϲɫ˫΢ȿȵսϱš
ǻҪ򰡡ˡ˶һۣĿȫǶԶԷĲᣬѾûһ˿·ˡ
磬úչԼǺǡСԼԣѾһĸܵʲôѹ˲ˣȥɫӹػ˸ȣ¶ͻתϣײ·ޣһʽѽԼȫ¶·޵Ĺϡ
·۾ԵЩնͷֵȫǿξеĸʽѾУ߼߽׵似Ķʮʽ仯ͬԼ伫תš·ҪһļҪ⾪춯صйȥ
ûо˼һľͷѾ֣ͬʱһͬѾͬһͬС۵ͷĹȥ
ȻòԣֻƮƮģûһ㡣
һ񣬵ѾС£ֳһںڵĶذסذѾֱֱؿڣ·޵ЮĿȫܽѹЮ
ۼСһѾڱصãҲɱ·޺ѵը飡
һı̻˫Ѫ죬һһץסС۵ıģ˦ͬʱ޴͵·ǰ
أ
ƵĴǰƾ˵ľ޵Ѿʮ飬ҵõǡ
̻зĴһӵϼһ磬·ޡѾȫ·ֻƴһֱֱ¡ٳȫᡣ
·һָЩϺȻһɫεֱӭϡ
ûӣ໵һСһκײֻһУ򵥵ĽԼ͸֣ٴ̹ȥ·ֻһֶһ֮£С˳ȥ
̻еµ̫࣬ӳۿۣһ˫ѪĿһһϵ·͹뽫ȫԼϣԷֿС۵
·һĹһαûһֵļ·޼β֣òˡξӣһˮܣһ̾ת˵γ֣ÿһ󣬶ʹǶϻٴЩˡ
ǶѾһ״̬һһ·ӲײȫȻսϣ·ʵû뵽Σ̫̼ˣ̼ʽξʮʽˮľܽ֡Ƕذ׳ײһһһײأһ˺
ȻһεɶصĴ̻УĨȥߵһѪͷе
Сۣᵶﶴ
СĿɢң·״½Ŷ壬·޵һ
̻˵仰СϺȻһңͷ˵簡ġɣһЦһѪ˳һֱϡü㣬ЦݼĶˡ
һ˳ʮ·ڻҲǼ׷ϣһô͵ա
ͻȻɫصվסˣһһͬʱٹͷ
ԣɫӵСϵİɫȴǹԣɫâϸСͻ˸һգͬʱһֹͬʱӻ
Ѿɱš
ȻģһͬһײȻƽһ𣬷ŹԣŷƣǰȻһؼ·ͻȻһڣٵγһ״ĺɫһֱն·ǰĵطûĶľмҶͨͨϰա
ǡ
·޴һû뵽۷廹һĿԲһֻȻƳͬʱһţȻȥ
ùͻȻʱײʦѹס񱩵ĺϳ塣ǲбͷﶴѾɨһеƵǰ
䡭
·һ·ɣסˮˡףľɢΪСʮ׺·ڵϣֻ֧ɵһȥûе̫˺һϺõĻҲˣؿںһ󷳶ͷĿȵһɳҶ価Ƕͬ־Ѿֻʣһ㣬ͷƺҲģ˻ţһһ⣬ҲûлͷѾ϶˶ֵ
·޷ӹ󣬷Լʱ˿ڵܣѾ֮һոյĸĵһܣǿվŵĶ֣ϸһ˿ȻϷʵ΢Ц
𣿡ʵ˵𣿡


051 һЦ
һ͸̫¹⣬ڵĳأ·޾ȻĿͬʱһ¡ŵͷķӦͬȻһһĲţôܣһ£ɵ˵Ļѵ˹ô
˼ѵĻعͷ¹£һ޳˼µ尺Ȼֱͦûعһĵ㺮ǣ·޵˫ϣͬʱ䣬һߵһĿһӨ͸һˮһľԣ˫˫˪¹·˵Ĺ
СͻȻһЦƺûйĿģһֽסĴ磬һͷǼġƯһЩ
ȣȡ̻һ޿ȣȻһǵľǵҲˡ˵Ǵʱ˿ֻʣ°ڡ
ݣɣҲûˣֻҪܹɱǶˣˣ㣬ҲЩɷǣ˲ãֻЩֿ
ǰ磬øأأͬһ𣿡СۺȻʳһֱʵĻ㵱˵棬Ҳܲôˡ
ȿȣɵʵö࣬Ҷ˴Ӱһй˵ܹͬѨ˻أǺǣʵģƵġȿȡ
Сḧţ˵ǸǺҪҲᰮ
һûͷûԵĻ˵꣬һƬ԰סСڲҿ̻һۡ
Ǻǣɵӡģʲô£Ҿͬ˵仰ڵʱѵû˵Щûõġ̻ЩͣڼҲûΪԳŭ⡣
СͷǰɵôῴءιǸСӣɣûʲôˣϣ޺ˡֻҪһ䣬Ϊ˶ǮſΪǸ͸˵ĳɱҶ˻һǲֵ
ʲôǮΪǮɱô·һ㶣ֹס˽ŲͲ֪ϸڣһΪǸɫСӣһǿһصˣȻµɱôˣǻܻһôԼʹǸ̻кøУҲȥһСʱһֱеһֱӵΡ
Ǹˣһβǰ˫Ŀ絶㶢ڴ̻еϣǴ˵شʱģʮ֮𣿡
̻絶˫ۣûһ˿ɫֳмһ˼ЦСһһʱ£һȺ໹ֻ֪Ϊɱ߲ǻˣۣ˵Ǹյĺڻܻ彭ţӴӲһ캦İӣڣأŹŹ֮һ·ңΪռϵİղ°࣬⼸ֻϵĶūǿɺޣƺٻʮҲΪ
·ңﻹ·ҵ£·һͣ
һҵˣʮγ·ɽľ˸磬һҲˣ
·ĿԽԽ䣬Ѿȫͣ·𣿡ʡ
·д·ôˡ
¡·ǽš
γֻһٸʿţһֻؼˣһȥ˺֣׽ʲôģ̻ж˵˼䣬ܲǻŵĺá
彭ŶаҼˣ߰ɣǽ˵м٣պһҵǵģ˵ˣٲ߾ˡ·޵Ȼ˵
Ƕһۣת
Ҳңסˡ̻еһ仰ȥ
ȻΪˣ·޵Ĳ֮ڣཫΧ
˻֮ƹ죬֮£ľǼԵÿտܶࡣ̤һѾһȳУһۿվʬ·ޣһˣڴˣ
Уͦһ֧ǹٵײ˹ǹԵüէۡǳصĴǹһ·޴̹
·һװҵ˻治һĺᣡû׼Ƕа˵ˣԼභһȴ˸ʮĻ
ԻһһǹһպͲ
·ͷҲûأһֻжȥۣһһ֧Ⱦ˲ϳɼΡ۵زõҲԶ
վûһɫضǹϡ
ʱ˿̣Ѿʮ˳Уһ·ޡ
ﹷۡ·ŭˡԼˣ˴Լֹ£
һһֻذƽƽɨ
ʮƥͬʱӦȫˣһʱ˻֮˰һء
̶иӿ룬ֻǿв״һʱҹ·ʮ⣬ΧɺüȦģ˷̤أѽյ硣


052 岿
ūţץǾҵˡһǸʮһγ·ǰ
һο·ҲмָˡСӷͬѰеٴ֣˵һ㡣
Сǰһס·޵֣˵ؽеۣɱˣ˲ҵأûҾ͵͵ָˣȻūŻ㣬Ƕǻ˵ֻңɲһ£ֳ߷߲ƽ֮ɫ
ӣҲûٶԡһæң֤Ѿʰͬ壬־࿭ؼҡ·ǸСһͬһһ·˵˵ЦЦһֱ߹Ƭγֱһ
ռ㣬ɢңһһģߴ¥ҹɫƻֻͨһ¥ǰͣ£пţһӿ롣˷ʩ˾ֱµĸλǿŴԺľ䡣
СֱӴ·޽˴ãмϾǼϲС·һҲûжֻ¶׺͵Цݡ
λǡ
ǾҺ͵ĴСӽе
Ŷ
վ𡣿ǰλѾ꣬Ҳʮӡƾܴù彭Ķа𣿵޼˵Ҳд
彭ŵĶаµġ·޿˵Ϸһ˿𾪡Ҳͣ˵뷨Ѿνˡ
·޵ͷҵһӣһսļһط
ʲô֣ǸС֡
ҽг޼ɣ޼ɾСһֱһ羴ĿɲĴеĴսյУѾ·޷һԼ׵ĵλϡһĴ磬һţеż
㸸׻𣿡·
һ΢΢СֺСֶȣʵǸмأųԹҩ˯ˣҪȥ
ãû¾ͺãֻҸطϢһ£֪󸮿ʲô徲ĵط·ʵ
ŶȻУͷԸʰһϢ֤֮һ˸ҿ·޵ͷ˳ȥ˻ᣬܿ
·ʱ˷Ѿ»һ·ϴһֳĺͿ
롣ҵ˼ȻҪ·޵ȻһЦڰ֡ǰߴ··ںС޼ɻȥ˯ˣһţСһﻹǶ
˺ܾãԺ·޵һ·ϲʱһӻԺһǰˣȥһֱԺտĺԺһСݶи˵СѲߣǾ׳˵ĸߴӣһ˵ŵúܵ
롣ڰվסһס˳޼ɵС֡
·޵ͷǼСݡһֱȥֶ˲һͬ뿪
ǼʯңȻרΪģֻüΪʣ׵ĿռֻһһϴʱѾ˸ɫˮġ
·޼򵥳һ㣬ͳڴϣ˵ؼϢһ
ﶴƻǾˣ㻨˴ҹʱ䣬ȫָ
·ۣ뵽еһ£ǾǲûһĲޣҪʱ̻ܵò죬𣿶ͱֻһ˲¡
һӣʶĵؼн׹岿һ澹ȻΪ׶ΣзһˮӰ棬У޷Ĳռã岿ΣнޣǳԽ˿ռƵͻˣܴﵽ岿˵Ѿﵽһ
һʲô簡Ǳؼн׵似־죡۵ظ棬Ǹ磬ԼѾԳ֮Ϊˣ
·ǿסͷļԼѾ޵ʦһ׵ġһһУʯڹȻǷ֮ĻԺǸǶʯݷĿɿڴ
ʯܣγۿɼĹΣСڡ
ÿڶԷпޱȵľǵĴأҲûô˵ȥֻʮСǸ˼ĸˡ
֮ǰûĹ£Ѿǰ˵һС
үл˵
һ˷ɿˣһṦ򣬶үżһɸûȻֹŹ󣬽ϵҲǴһһ۷Թʱе󰡣ѵ˵ôܣ
һ۷壬˭彭ŶаоȻظأԼǰĻȫ̴ˣԼûһ˿Ȼ޶ҲšңүԸˣ·޲һľ״Ͻ棬ϾҲҪȴƤµġ
ӦٿСݵĿ⣬ڳ˶Գصľءһ۷尡ԳһСߴڣ
ֹס·޷˲֪ж٣Щĵƺûĳɳû뵽ÿಫܵһĺôľܸļȡԲڵľ޴ġеʹŽ岿һˮרϰ
ԣȻΪƮƮĶУ죬Ҳ񱩣Է似ԹǰġﶴγɣҲȻԹĽϲġûٶγɲ˾޴ն·޿岿ܸٺγɵĵĳȥǸֲʩΪĵﶴΪȤڽпֵܳĵ˵Ǹɱ
·޾һʱĿжڸˮÿһϸڣְĬһ飬һߡ
ʯûз磬岿һз磬ʩвγɷ硣·ĬȻΣķѾȶʯڶʱһ֣·ޣѾγɼСĿסߵĿⷢɢ


053 С
ܿʦ·޿ʼһˡĶ졶Ȼ롶岿һľ·µ·ߣЩ΢ʹľǿ˵ʮ㲻ʺܿʧ
أһĿУйͻҪйſɡš岿ϵĲǰһ
һףҺͻأգ֮˾ǽǰٶһͻײ棬䲻ͷѪҲҪʹһˡ
ģǽ̫ˣãǺǣ·һߵ鼫عʼŶʮ׵Ķǽȥ𲽵ֻһһ֮䣬Ѿڶʮ׿ռ˸ء
ٶȻǲһĺðؼĶǲһѡˣ
·޹ЦĲһʩչر泩Ǳ似ûе顣˼Ȧе˳ˣżӿ첽һʱ䣬ʯڷһɫӰͣıڼ趯ɱڷ䣬ԽԽ죬ֱ籼ڵķʱŵһηӵ˼£ٶţСڲϱ·޲쳤ЦХһ㣬ֱ˳ȥСһֱڣһ·ǰһֱﵽʮ⣬þòɢ
⻤һЦȻɫϸӱ޳ĻǸʮ𣿷һͷޣ̬ó޲ĵ׷ڲݣѹǳ֮治УһҲ㿪ˡ
˵ҵߣ׷׳Ų鿴Զһ·ҴԺڣͷ죬üͷ壺һ֪ĸˣ֮ߣ˼ܵУǻһҵĸأֻҪǹάҵľͺã⼸·з粻ڣûһţһжСˡֻҪ£үǲСĹ͡
˻ϣ޷ƽ·ҽд䣬ʱϲʱǡԸһεĴ䣬·ҵԪǶͬ·˵˵߲ĸıֻҪ漰滹ܹܵˣǵ棬һ㵹ǹʶ
˵Ĵ壬ɶɹһ
ӡ岿תʱ·޵ĺˮѾ۾͸ڵҲһ񱼣Ūøɸɾˣڴϣ޸ܣֻоѨţΧһٶȱ˶ࡣʱ۾ĿѾˣ߳ʯݡһҹδ˯ʢѪӯĿ쾧
ĿͷȥǶľܰĵۿ˫۴ͬһͷǧޡ
·һüһϸ΢仯˷ӦǶٶˣһһһعŹеڣǻʼҾеʿ԰˳ǧ򳤵һ־񡣾
Ƕ԰սһ־⣬·ƺЩײ࣬ͬʱû˻ʮݡǿѾշˡ
·޵ͷͷҲһ˿ĵ⣬Ͳˣֳ¡һһֱ꣬ܵİ˵أȽرЩů
ӣҵĶҡλү͸ֻƵģӲ֪ĸطĳͬˮٶ·ޡ
ˣѾأһֱûҴ͵ǵ÷һĻЦ
Ա߿ŵ˶ӿɳˡûλƢĶүɶʱ¼ԴǸ纮Ắǵľ׮ϰȭ
㡣·޵˵ֵȻ̬ȣλүеĵλţ棡
ô鷳òͰɡ΢ڲǰ·һֱصǰ
Ըȥӣֻ£ĿĲʽͺܿһӡ·Ϊ·Ҽ֮ӣʲôĺóԵûһӻ̾һͦԼģҲ֪彭Ŷа˵ĶԲԣֻп˵¡үʶȤĽС޼һţһ࣬˸װװӡʵͳԹˡ
磬һХҶЦˣһѲġ
·΢Цͷ
λʦˣǶ˵컨׹ûһ汾µģ㣬ٺ١
·޳ŶӦ
ҪͲǰﻵˣҲûٸ۸ǳҡС۾գѽգ˵
·һڷ˵ҲܵģԼʦء
С޼ɱ˵£һ죬ͷˣһߵĶүżʱ۾˵Ҳ
ȣȣҼдû䣿үСʵ
·û̧ͷ뵽һ£̻˵Ļǵģ·д°ԼյȻͬԼļϵ˵ޣޡʱ˸֡
С޼Цֺã磡
һЦ
ʱһһλʮ£ɫƵĻߣһ˫ϸۣСȥЭһװǻƵĸо˷һ֣С޼ɾܹȥе޴ء
ԭǳأҵļ·޻ǵһοӣһѪҲǣֵó
߳һЦҪд·æ
һСͷһÿĵġ
֮ͣͲؿˣһͬ£Щ̡·˵
࣬ƻأʱ΢Ŀԡ
ʵ˵֪Ķ޲֪ľû취ˡȣȣ
һ仰һ˵·һ˹ȻЩʵϡ
˵ͬ·ҺԨԴǣΪγôĶͷȥ·˳أ·ʵ
Ǻǣ·ʵ·ҵ£һΪԼһ£ŶСŮ޻ҳΪ·з·үˣ⼸ŹøչˣҵҲ̫ƽϧ֪·ɣҹøؼļ϶ұΪʲôСҲͬ£ʹһԺȥˣ˭뵽ǶҸӶ˾ͻɥ֮֡
彭š·޵û֡


054 £·Ҽ
ţǸ¾һɱ֯˵ҲˡѾڿˮһûΪˣ磬һٳˡֻ¹أû֪ǵÿ̳λһʱҲԲںδǶռ졣ʲô򣡡˵ţλֳЦתȥˡ
˵Ǯġ·̽ʡ
ߣȺֻʺĵ񣬿ñǮۺûһͣҳǮҲ޹أɱң֪˭˵㣡һЦ˵ţƺѾǸҸĳ˵üأֻһͱסˣѾ͸ǶааǲȥģǰǮıȴǷҲɵġ
·ͷһ̻˵ˣԼҲİһʮļһһ￴ԼĳʼյЦţƺһĹ¡
·ʲô°Ҫ˧Ҳȥòʵ
ƺ·ЩȤתЦ˵
ŶŹ֮һҪʲô·˭һֻ֪һʣ㲻ġ·޵Ȼ˵ʵĵѾҪгˡ
Ǻǣǰ˵ĻˣҲҲ֪Ȼ£ᴫ˵ȥվǺǻ֪ܵ
Ŷϵܴѽʲô𣿡·΢ü
غȻúܵ͵˵¹øʱ˵·һд·ȻҲὫ޷뿪Ҳȥǧ˵ȥΣ·Ҫ߸λ
ʲôǸң·ޡڡһվϵı졣һ˫Ŀֱ䡣
û뵽˴ķӦҲԾС仰ôǵʵɲ֡
ǡ
·޲žʧ̬ʧУ˵¸ܷļҵļҲϴڳϹƵģûļңȥȫʧͻ˵ģѵ˵ѵ˵⣿룬ɫȴԽԽѿ
ؾĪΪʲôôҵķӦأ·ҵĳôͷһĨȥˣ·ҵĳңְԼġǾֻһ㣬·ͬһЩҲпܡ
һʱ䣬ͷȴκα仯
־ӺεѽҲϵü·ҵĺ𣿡Ц˵
ֻǶ·괺·ĽѾãŰݷõģû뵽ļ˷ʮļҲǺ˲ġ·޻ָƽ
ŶȻνŰݷ½ϣսĴʣԭһΪͨСӣ·괺ȫЦż·ʮʮ֮ǰ£ϷҪ˫ʮڣȫϾٰж֧·ЦΪ¼Ƕ֧׼˽ʮĴ£ҸӴľֵĴ£˵ʲôҲᵽеġ
·һЦֻǺѣ벻вô⣬ҵļûʲôû˭Ȩ˼˵·괺Ϊ˼ãֵ֧Ӧö࣬ɹ
ٺ٣˵ǳ֧֧֮ᣬ֧糬֧Ұлʮ֮ãͻǿ£
øǶ֧İɣλȥ϶Ҳʵ߲ȥҿֿܸˡ
ٺ٣⵹û
˫ʮڻнһأүȥǲһ㣿·ȫȻһ£㹻ϻؼˣʱ򡭡ߣ벻˴Ļʮһε߸ѲⰡ
Ҫȥ˺֣˵һƥǧѾڶϹȥˡ
ʲôر𣿡·û޵֡
Ǻǣһʴѽ˵ֻѾϵޣ޺򣬼ҩ弶ϵرǶмҩõ֧пһ˵ܣһͻƶΪʥ˫ʮھˣ֮λֿɵáǺǣ·үõڵܣ۷ҲûܣʱҲþʲô·ЦˣֱԼӹáʱҡǺǡ뵽üɫ衣
·޶һűĪֻһȭҵȥ
ȥһ˰¶࣡
³鷳ôأұ̻УǸļһ๼һĲþ
·¿ӣ˵ұˣȥϢһ£˴ҡ
æվ͡
ˣ·ûлͷ˵彭ŵǶλʱ˵Ҫϣûʲô캦֮£Ȼ˭Ҳﲻġ
һŻЦݵʱһ
صʯݣ·޺ܾòƽеķŭ岿еˮƵãȻ͵Ǹȥֹ֧õ޺˵ļƻ
Ѷһγ롶Сʱ٣ܻĻ
죬·㲻ݣ߲ݣĶ˵ǻأ˵彭аҪ·޸ӵС̺
һ죬䣬ƹֻһ򣬾ļȻƿʯΨһһС˲˰ٶ׵ĵط·޴ӡһ˫Ŀ档
һڷп裬һЩҶз䡣
أͷһ·ǰ·ȻһĴԼѾǴзϣԶԶϿգƮҡ硣Ѿ޴ڣռȫŰӰӣռ֮󣬴ޱ޼ʣȴڷ棬裬ǿڲ£Ÿˡ
·һʱľ
·Ѿԭʧˡ


055 
¸ѾųƬҶӵıСȻŴԺгһֱʵĴǿ񱩵ķ磬ɫʵʵ״״ԽԽܵγܡ
ɲǼ䣬ؼֻһһں綯
Ƕˣûһ˸뿪꣬һֱڵϣ̶һ棬ʯһ㡣ηô
ͻȻһͬعͷĿⲻԼͬǼҹػʯϡͬķ꽻ӣ˿ȴһ龳УѾڣѾûκιϵˣͬڷ֮⣬ֻһеĴֱʵԺС
޾ϢѾչڿռﲻչΧԽԽڰ硣ǵϴŻȻЦ⣬ȵϢÿһܵˣϲ֣ƽ͵˼ûһ˿ʣֻǳ治ٳ
Ժڲǧˣÿ˶еĶŷ귢̫ͬѰˣķꡭ
·ѾڷҡΣһǰû󴦣ӰͬǷһƮûһ˿켣Ѱ˫ֻۣŸоƮ
һֳһĵΣһֳһˮܣûһ̲ڱţֽ似˦У綯
ȻУһֻɫͻأĳϣһֻһֻ˦˳ȥûһ˿죬һɫ񱩵γܡûһ˿ͣ˦һֻ̣СͬʱһֻϣһɫһˮӨ͸ʣһɫʵʵľֻһӣǾʹϷŵͬʱĳֻССֱ֮£һ֧Ҫһֻɫϣ磬ʵʰĴţͬӨˮȻҲˮĺؼ޾ˮ£ǵ˼¡һֻСģģĻɫԵЩ㱣ʱʱ𣬵ɫѾֱۣǰؼķȫĵ֮СѾõǣռȫ˻𡭡
ʧƬֻأξʮʽҲڷֻǿκԣһ羢ͻһתˮϵһֱ䡭
ؼ䣬ֻ·裬һƬЦտƮҡꡭ޴絶ַɳһˮܣһʽǧľڷʮ⡭һ̲ͣʽʽȫɣ硢ꡢˮľ硢ȫˣּгһ𣬷·ͶǷ磬꣬ޣޣԵܣ似ȫһľС
һ籩ֱʱסˣҴԺˣһ붼Ժһͬӿ룬һɲǶľܰĲˡ
ǰһ񱩴ݲйԺ䡣
Ƕٶ˻ڴľվţЦⰻȻԺеĴһһҶӼ価
Աߡ
ԭһʯ͵İ෽ʯݣȻԭԭӣһʯСȭľм߲ʮ׿⣬һ޳Σµʯ֮ϣɫƮ
һĵȻ˫̶ˮȥʮ꣬·Ѿ꿴͸˲ɣ
һһΪͻĸףʦףͨҪʮĿ޲ﵽĽ׶Σֻ˶̶߸£ˡ
漸ĿоǾηշһЩʼҲûС֪׷ʼҲûʱ
пһ·Գصͷæ
Ѿȫ˵Сݣ·û˵ʲôظһ㲻ֳ
Ե㶫Ȼ˯һ·˵ǰǰںţԾ΢塣
һһ磬ҴԺĺ򿪣һҹˮҪõֵһճһ̧ͷǰվһͷ붼ֱŵĶʮ׳һףҲ׶೤ľʹ󵶣һ˫ĿתضųˣҲ˵Զĵطһֱš
Щ󱳷ĵˮȥԺ
˵˸ƵļһԺмָˣϣᣬǿҲġеĴ󲿷ˣûйγֵĻᣬܶгЩɱʬصYYΡʱܰξһ£ܲϲ
ȿֺĳȥˣͬдԪ
ԺŴ˻ᡣƹ֮ΪǸѹвأ
Ժһеһ˽
ǵģ˽
ֻԼ
Щˡ
Ժ˵֣񣬰ɵˡ
˶ЬӣûԺȥ
ûܳԶС̣һ죬·һ¥ըƽˣһĶߡ
ǰŰ
ĳͱĵ˵ϡ
ô¡źõֱʱ̷ڴͷһѳ
үû۵ܽˣүү
٣ڣûأ˵ôˣҲʧȥյķ緶
ǣǣүǰűӸƵˡ
ʲôΪˡǰȫǧ˼켸ҹųɣװ֮ʱǷѾʮ̧Ŵľûʮ°£Ҳһ¡ӣôֿܣ
뵽Ǹ֣彭ţ
ȥűһõ˺͹ӹȥǵţûã£Ϳȥ·ңס·ң𴦰׷ѣ
ڼϿĿ־壬æתߣȴˡһӭһײһҲ˼ֱֻŲӷ˵үүˡ
صͷˡһ£ⲻǺԺ
һӣ˵ˣȥã
һ㶣ү˵ðڲ˴Υ˵Ҫġ
ģϺͿˣʱٲУһˡȥ
ὣ˳ԺﻹٻԺǿǾ̵ʿһʿѵһҲû
嵽ԺվڴſʱףһҲûа


056 
վĵطֱӿٶĴţؽ챾Ϊ̵ĴţѾﵹڵϣʮһСȭߵĳشﵽٽ׼ĻԺǣǰҲ̶áſһѾڵʮˡҵ¾Ͳ̤ڽ¡
ӴԺǶˣ໽ŷӵסϸ壬顣
ĬĪ⣬Ͷ㼫Ϊ·Ǿףÿһϣһ顱Ȼ죬Ȼ˾һӵأ˵ʲôҲ
˵ʱ򣬻ԺҲЩˣϵĶóٻ
صĿӹˣ䵽һԹ۵ϣһ
һϮ£·ûлҳܹ棬˫ֻأŪһɫӣǼ㣬Ůӵһ档ӯӯЦ¶ʱϡ
Сۣ彭Ŷаһιˡ
ôô彭ŵϲأιˡ
磬ǣүǮߣصشһףǮʹͷɫһԭСǮмһֱʦһףһϣѾɱ˵
˿磬һ˫˵ʲôҲ벻ſڵһλаŮĹеûõĶˣҿ˭ûҽ̵ĺӣ
һүڻԺظ׷˺һյ
үɫ˵Ժġ
һһӣɫЦļҵģȥ̰ɣһûɱӡĽÿһ£õϳߡ׵ľ޴ѾȫӿѹסСӣҲǻء
СһüȻͷܴ㤡漴һЦ˵ļҵͷǻûɱͷҪɱԡ
ӶЦѾȫˡ
ǮһĿѾֳɱŲǳأ˲״վȻ˲ֻȽѵѵˡ˵Ѿٹͷںӵ֪Ҳ׽ֻһսûеڶ·ߣţ˷ɱ˼ɵġ
һӣûʲôķ׹߼ͽ似Ѿھ˵֮£
עȣҲѸ϶һ޶£Ѿһɫܴķ硣
һǾʯҲҪɼ顣ʮһСӡ
ǶүְԺ۾
ߵ·һ㣬ֳɺɫ׾ȻϮӡ
һۡ
ȻӻһССһ㣬һ£ݳ˷׹ĹȦ
䡪һ䴦ɳмߣֱ׻أʾ˵Сӻվȣһ˼һСʱͨ졣
ͬʱͷһۻһ߿ֵĴ磬Сۡ
Ǵ򲻹һе
Сһȥɣһʦǰ״˵һͷƫƫҪҿɲеġ
һ·Ц޳ɢǮһֻɫѾÿС
϶࣬ģЩѲ̲סѡ
ǺǣԭĶֵѽֲú㣬УһΪأºˣɱˡҾɱͿԽ㿴ǲͷңҲʡҶҲһµáСһ˵ûᣬͬһ֪ѡһֱ˵ڻԺ˵취ãһ徲㣬ǸҪĲɣ
ɫƯһţͷͻһǺÿҪǡ
дһˡһŴҲûһź
ðɣ׹ζɡһ˵ХУͷСȥ
Сߵ·ӣ߰һŤһѾǿĹӷ£޵ֻ࣬ӷһӫ⣬ͬһһӰĴľࡣ
һУүȻڲӣһ֮Ժˡ
ڶүҪã󲽺ˣء
ϧԴڶԷС۽²ζͬһֻˮһĻеİɫٴλһ⣬ĿȻĲӡǿ鱦أյģ
һȻСȥˣĹƲţһ·ǰ˺ĶС۵սͦõһòϲ˵׸ɵƵʩŸӣʱĻоİѽѽĴ֮мһСۺЦ
ֵɫ࣬ڻԺ쳤˲ƽүΣʱ˼ٶȺͱĪķλƽʱһġɼүһŸ߳似켶
ܿ죬ɫ׹йӷɳԶճһֻ֣һ׾С塣
ȭƼʢСֻһŤȭţһֻѾ׹⣬ɫȫ档
үʧݵĴһ۾ȥѾ׻һƬֲһֻҪϵ⡣
ۡ
СһЦתԺȥһЩҵ·Ŀȴ䵽ǰһϡЦӯӯĿ⣬Ȼһ
ۡһѪŴӶүĲ籡ţĶүĵصĴۡˡ

ԺСۻЦ
үǮһۣ伫ƣֽŷĴ磬ʱˡ˵һѾ˼ְաǸС壬һﶼǫ̀ϵ֣֮꣬ˮ𣬻Ϊ·ҵþĸҲֵֻܶ˻УϼҲûУҲΪʲô֮ĻԺҪԭ
ȴλү


057 ʥ£ǰ
磬ԸǮǰȥ
˭СЦӯӯ
ǳǮɱˣҵĴ硣˼Ķүشϲɫ
ֲǺβŪģһﶼЩӳëˣûһΪԼģΪһɥĲֵôСҡͷ
ΪǮֵôǮɫ
ǰ˻ܿӣԭһǧĻǲģʦ˴ȱģǰũ̫ˣŽȻˣ彭Գû겻ɵǸƣɶ򲻿ɵ˵ġҲ˵ɱ磬彭Ųֵġǧ˵彭ţÿǾӢҲ٣ǿıȱȽǡǺǣһСС壬֪ж˿ɱء˵ֳһ˿ЦݣԷͬǶޣѾûɫ
ͷԼĸ磬жһ˼ԭȻӦҪġĺҲѾˡתͷ۾ֻһȼյɱ⡣
ұ˽һ٣Ҳ죬ﳤҵҪټҰǨǰȴǰԾʣһ·ɱ
˾ģǮӼص̧ٷɫĴĴġֻһͷ˵˳ҵغɡ
һغ֣泤ؾһǸ߼н似ǼһӲŴġһֱΪ䱦Ҳֵֻܶ˳ΪԹϵԼˣܵȻȴտ޹û뵽֮ǰܵڻǰˡ
еʱһͷһû뵽Щ졣
ѾغڳǮȫ֧ܵ£ʩչ˳һӽһһĻĻͬĹ켣£ֻһֻ޴ӣ˲͵һ˵Ĵϸһľ޴ܣһһͬСͷȥ
δСѾΪ̣ѹʹõصϵĻҳܷݡ
СһףԵٶϷӵ˼·еĵǸ޴һ䡪һأɳʯɽСһ̣һݳĹ
һ֮ڣ·޾Ͳˡ¹ľ֮ڣûһֱûһеððʧʧĴ롣
ʵѵعϢСԽԽϲаĹˣͻȻϢʹͲʣԭȻΪ徭Ļģһʹء
徭ĹعŹڡڶߣֻһֱֱҲʢŲôʱӭһͻƣͻľһζ徭Ĵ죬ӶʹиĿռ䣬ԱԺͻƼΣպͲ⣬ʹǾ޴
ǲ˵·ʹһͻƵľķܲϲŵһ˫ݱǵԭ
·޻ǽеǣϢеˮϵҽķ֣֪ʱԼӿɼľȻ·һֻܴܾɵֲֻϵɱ棬ˮֻ࣬ҪһϢľأͻг֡ôһأһֱŪףȴҲһֱûסҲͬ޵й
ˡ˼еĴţ·޽ԺǵһΣ
·΢΢üˣ
°ɣ·޵ʡ
ǸͣһأҲˣȥɣǡʲôŵˣǰߴأǰһ
·΢㶣û뵽Ļ졣
ʶﾹȻЩˣĻЩĺãֻЩΪѣһ뵽С޼ɡΪС޼һˣڶũٴܳصı·޻ǲ̣һ뵽ز̵Ц⣬·޾ͱ
һĺˮ
ãȥ·޵Ȼ˵˴ͬһǰԺȥ
ŲػعͷǸû
үүˡ˵
صĿ䵽·Ųɢ
ͬ˱һ첽ӭϣһءޣֻʵûа취ˣ彭ŵĶаˣ
Ŷ·޵ͷһתһӺ󣬺ȻһŲСԴһءС޼ɣ¸͵͵ص档
䡭
ԺһغĴСۼݳȦ⣬֪ôģ˶ĵطӣһүʢ漫ĸ߼似䵽ԼϣѾԺززۼȽ࣬ϣã
ү˫ͨ죬ܷӵ˼ǹһȫԿûһõϡ
·޶غܸȤʶƽˣһӣһͬͷţµ似Ҳ;ͬ飬ͬС죬СǾڡ
ϳ֣˻رԺŴǸСأطϻָ
ߣ鷳ˣûо𣿡ѾǾκˣ
·ƵؿһۣһããȻ֪ûиоﵹǾȡΪһǿĳ·ѹѾˡѹʶֻԴ￤ԺƬƽĲݵǰ·޴һòһʥ
ؾؿߵһۣͷһѾһǿܣֻŲܴﵽԶĵطߣѾЩԲˡ
˳˳ŵ˫ȥſڴտҲһӰҲûС
֣һˣǣһƥһˣһһ˽˲ʮ⣬еͷһ΢ڣ߷ũ֮˹ϵ壬ϣ΢ŶĿһְΰѵ״̬


058 ʦ޵ս
ԴӶ˽·޵ĿǸϡȫŵ
䡭
Сһˮһ㣬Ƕߣŭյĳүº֣һȻֻغǰʽһУѾֳЦ˳дûǰأ˹ȥ
˲仮׵Ŀռ䣬ֱС۵ĺġ
絶СȴضǶ
ȫȥ·ޣѾȫһɡ
ũһסСۣһֻխСɽغ˹ȥ
ž
ӣȴûеĴũû̧ٿǮһֻۣǽСࡣ
Ǯһ˳ֹԼȻֻǰԷȴһֻһֻӣӲֱ޷˽ܡ
ȫҲǴʧɫ޷š
Ǯشȡ˸ƣԴ
ʦôСЩ˵˹һ񣺡̫ʦ˰Ǻǡ
ŶʦҪϢԵˣСأũ˵
ºȥˣһ϶ˣǸˡ
˻ϵһ¡
ũûһǰżƵĳǮȴʵ˭ǳءʣУ˵𵴡
飬ȫĿͶ䵽λϡ
ֻһһȭ¾ǣкָ̡
Ŷǣũͷһ̧ǰǰǰﻮ
ɵĿ趯֣֮ԶҪԼʩħ
·޷ֻ˶Ǹũûע⵽
һѾӡʱһּѾǰ׹ҫۣһ߳СѾϡ
ӡȥɡһڶ͹ǰǸһ׹⣬Ȼɹ׵ľ룬ͬһ磬ſڵĳء
ԴũʹԼ󣬳ؾͽȫеܾۼ˫֮ϣʱǰһƬ׹Ϯ˫ֽһܻ˳ȥ
ڶϣڽܣ߷һֻܣ߹˶ʮ׻ûɢ󣬡ۡһ£ûѴ֮ȥȻҵǰ
شһֽ㵹ɳʮףϣǡһһ飬һͷ䵽ľ֮С
ۡһѪԶ
˲ʱЩ̡
һʮӺ˳ȥ¡
Ҫվһиǿ粻ֹ
Զڶ⣬һӡѾᵽһ롭
޼Ȼعͷ˫ֱ·ޣ޴磬ܾҵģ
·һ㵣һֱì֮У֪ǺãȻ򲻹һʥ֣С޼ֱصĿȴС޼ɵ˫۾
۾ȫǵϣ
Цһ£СƺӰӡ
ǰһ
һϵĴʯѿܿӿһֻˮܣһֻ˫֮ϡ
ʥü˵Ҳˣɣǰɱ˵
ͬΪӣ·޸оõС޼ɴʱ˿̵飬ͬеһʹ
ʥһڣԺ˶ľһתͷǸƤͷߡȻǸʥΪһԶĲءϼûһʥأԭ˶ѣһͷֻͷҪ˭Ļûܵ
ͷ˫һһĨһּ
Ǹޣһ˿졣
ǣܴù·һָǸũҴ򲻹㣡
ũһһʦ۷а壬㸸ĸû̫𣡡Ϊһ۷壬Ķ֣ûһ˴ùҲĸӦ·޲ǿܣһʦ
һ̾ϢϴǸʥ̾˿ʦţˮľ˫ޣһʦͬʱܱ𣿶һתһ֮ߣҲòһ۷ûᡭ
ũһѾεǿ򣬱֡
ӡȥ˵ɡιһâҫۣ׵Ŀռ䣬˲ʱ
̫Զˣɹ׵ľ룬мĵһɵ·ǰȻľһܣˮȻӵ֮ϣһ죬ˮƥĽӡͼˮǰˡ
·Ŀ⵭ȻĿûһ˿ĵ⣬۾û뿪ǸʥϣֻҪ֣Լпһս
ĸ֮սÿһӵˣжһ̾Ƚ֮ǰĴ򶷺塣
ããһ߼ӡȻ㣬Ϳɡ·޵ĵȻһֱĲֵһ˵̬ȣǻλ۷壬ӿ֣һĳһ߰İɫϣһһΪ֮һͣϵҲ֮ǡ
һţءһһ׵·ÿһƺӴ̶ֳȾͲһˣֻһһ֮䣬ǵѾӿռƳͬһ׳׵ľ޹һֱ·ޡ
·˫һֶʧˣ˫ֺϵһһֻȻߣӨȻһֻܵʵǹӭȥ
㻹治һĿһʦֱӽһ޵ǽũˣֻĿЩŤ
Ǻһܱײһ۷Ĺܣ·һ֮һֳһƬ졣
Է˷ܣ·Ҳڱȫĸѹ·޵һֻϣֻɫܽһֱһһ·ϱƽѹǿ䵽Ӣٱϡ
һڹڣһ޺ȫϵڵϡ
һﴫҧأ˫ͻڱڲϢѹ£ӷתš
ѽĿԲһ
ϵʱһǣеǿĵϴһֽ֮еĽӴϣâѾ޷עӣǹâּ仺ٶȣũȥ


059 ҽֳ
ǮˣȻü·޵һһƿԷܽͬһѾӣһǿĽ⣬һһ硣
ѾһƬˣԷһʦܵȻһȫʩΪô°
һɢΪխСһ
˵ˣûܾȸ߹̫࣬ɵȻܶȴ㣬㲻һѹʧȻˣҪܸ߹̫࣬˿ѾˡǸͷֳһ˿âǿһ˷ܡ
һһһ͵֮⡣·޲Žվֱˡ
ؿڻЩƣļת
ǿ֣ȡƣȡ޾ͷǸղǸѵԶľ顣
һڣ·޴ǰҪˡ
һ˲ת似еǣһһĵ򼾵ǰ
ʲô似
Ǯһ㶣һغ䰡
һ˲·غ䣬ҲƽˣҲǿξǧľ㣬һһɲǵʯγϣ߼似һס
µһУֻõһȡţƣˣ¸¡һһܵĵӣʹһһʩչѾһƬ캧ˣ·һ򵭶Ŀ⣬Ҳ׺
ũһѾӸղŵһ׹ǰʦһϵʦһһս֡СԷ˫һϣʧ϶һâģƯĹܳϣǿȶ·ûпġ
ɫصĽӭȥ
䡭ڰ׹ֻǰһƬ׳㣬Ŀۣâһ켴һ˳ĲӲվס
ģһʦôܷô̬һũһתۣ˻ء
ֱХУһ绡·ޡ
·޵һĺܴôǿĶǰ뱣ʵһֻˮܣһͬʱ·ˣһ˳֮ˡ
ȻԴһһʩչ
ͬũҲ˶˾ȻһˣһߵĴ˰ʱֻ·˵ҪԶһЩһЩˣ˿ţȥʦеӣһʮʦһ۷ǰʱ˵ȥġũԼƣһʼߺȽµСҲˡСԼüСӣ̫ˣʦǰʱȥģܲƷ
䡱һȥũջ˫ֽ˸ӡܺãСӣұΪ㣬ҵģ֪һӡ𣿽оӡ
·Դҡҡͷ˵ȥ
ӡǸʯԭǰ˷ֵģʯһѵһʮʯĵرһλϣһɽ֮УڰУշ⣬Χûһ˿ûκĴڣʵϣ϶µһģֻǱʱ޿˶ѡǧ꣬ܽΪʯ˵Щףһӡǵؼĸ߽似ܶ
ܶﶴ·׹һ似ɵȫ
ߣﶴȻҲǸ߼似ֻǸн׵ģһ֮һνȴúһ°ɡũ˫ϻԲ»Բ״̫˫֮ͻȻĴײ֮ɫ˫ּ䣬ԽԽ죬׹мشһɿ񱩵˫ּʢ
·ֻһ֮䣬׹Լܽӵµԥسȥڹܶδ֮ʣһֻľϳɵһֻٵһȥ
Ѿ絶ɳɵգֻܶũ񼾵˫ּΣӭͷ˳ȥ
һײ˲伴ţ·޵һֻľˣ˵ͬʱһֻˮֻܶǰĹܶ
ȻһֻľܣűΪһֻܣ裬ʮףһĹܶϣֱʮףһ죬ڵϣʯҲˡ·޷𣬡ۡһѪʱɫ԰ס
ԺĳˣﶼһˣҲӲũũиӿµʥ
ũ񼾵һЦ鼫泩һʾһ۷壬˵ӵʵȻγɹܶһһ˺ļ޴󣬵ʱĵȫʧ
Ц·һһ߹ȥϽһ
·˫һڵϢ˲ڴҵľһľѾңùģǸǸ˵ԭǿ˹ֻ˵øء
裬ģͷ˹ս𣡷ѻ·ȻľͻȻֻ֣·һ㶣ָľϸοϢɵˮϵҽְ
Ȼ˵ﵽҽʦϣڲһֻҽֵֻ֣ĲϽ˽ϵҽʦѾ㱸ҽµҲ˵ǰѾ޲ҽˣˣ飬Ȼֻҽʦ֣ܰѶѵһоѪȫӺá
ѵ˵
ܵģǼֻǸ˵عŹҽʦһ׵׻ˮʼҽʦٺƽ𡣶ʩҽһԶû״ҲѾõһҽͷҽõʿ죬صãʱһһ˴󶯸ɸô뵽һΪϢˮϵȻҽʦİһһֻΣ
·Ѿûʱ侪㵣ڵֻ֣ɿھߣ֮Ͽľ½ӵһһغϡ
ȻũѾߵĸǰһϷʵؿǰѾеꡣ


060 Ӯ
һȻûôʱգԷͬ졣
п࣬Ǿһֻһֻǵһ߰볤ֻҪһ£·޾úѿ
·޻Ȼֻܽ˵Ŀ̾Ϣ̧ĺȥ
ʦͻȻе
һһĸߴڴúһѳ׵ľ䵶ŵһֻҪµƻ̻УƷɻ
ʲôũ񼾲ĵһۣ˵
һ¡
ʦɣ䣬һѾ޵Ѿ·޵ǰ
ڵǰһ٣ũŭСӸʦǰŪ
ۣһƷɻߴȻǰ
ʦ飬ûˣӲǷ飬ʦſһ棬õӰ黹ˣҲһ¡˵Ŀ䵽СϣСڵعȥ
С쵰ũֱתƵʦҪɱˣòǶ໰
ʦƷɻڵϣÿˣȴͷ쵽£תǿܣͷ´Ʈ
С֪֪ˣʮܵУʱ˭Ϊ飡طɱɣͲ£·Ҷ˵𣡡ũ񼾺ȵ
ԣÿжһݣ仰˵ηֻһʦһʮꡣ
ûϢСӣصĺһũϵʱһ죬ࡣһʱ֮䲻֪úȥδӡ
ʦûǷ飬⼸һֱʦȫ
㡭ũϸŭ
νˣߣʧܣԼĵӣһɱȰҿɲ㣬һСءԣпܡ򲻹㣬Ҿͳְˡͷ˵ԼҲܲ˼ԼƵþͲײǽˣͷº
ͷ˵꣬˲ž쳣жһϢȥǸղŻɫ꣬ʱͻȻֳһĿſɲǵ⣬˲ҶӡһǿϢڴʮ׿⣬ǰֻиǿԤ֪
ôİ˭ֹ쵽£ᷢһǰ껹Ѫίڵأһ̾Ȼһǿ״̬վһﵹ׷ʲôȻû֪óǸͷ࣬㵸ϾȻֳһݺΣ·Сһ㡣ҲͬһŸĽʬƣ·޵ĿҪ׵ĳͷһڽС
첻ҰĺСӡһл췳˵ڡ
·޲޸õ壬Щʣ˿ռСһҶӺҶ¸һƬؼ
һǰһѾũ񼾣ţ˳Ө˸ȵ׼áһҪɱʱһֱźŵһ仰
лл㡭·޶߻ŲĻƷɻ˵ȻֳǸѾϤֻһûκηܳ
˵򲻹ҵģС㣬һΣҲٷˣ˳˵
ũǸʶˣûôܴˣǰһ̻Ѫȴ֡·޵Ŀˣúãллĺģ˳ҵĽҲӦģ׼Ҳһٲķ
·û˵Ȼһ硣һ̣ͻƮ

ǮаһԳˣͬһˡҲ̫ˣͬޣҲû£ۿˡ
ע⵽ϴʱ˿ֵ̳ȴǻɫģưʹ治Ϸɢȥĵȷȷķԣ
ʥЦԽԽȤˣôˣ򲻹ͬޣҸӦǿ䲻㣬йм䣬ǲյ˵ңȫʢʱҲ룬뻹ǲΪ
ũһ䣬ͷʦΪ͵ûйһͷ֮ô˵Լĵùա
ȻһжѾˣ·Ѿһǧľ
һũ񼾸սӹһǰ·Ѿʧ
һɿ񱬵˲ת󣬷ڿռ﷢еػһ
ȻĶһɨԷĳ࣬ͬһʼվһһ˫۾ĿһȥӰһģһ󾢷Ϯıġ
·ѾһԳЧ帺٣岿ˮʩչӵƮáֻܵĿû뵽߼߽似÷ԷӳЧľӵı̬չʾеȫ
·޳һŻɵ֮УλѲ⣬ĵĵطһƬ⻪ҫۣũѾȫ˳ûʱֲֻĹܶһֻ·޵תƣڱ
岿ؼнײһ˵ĲﵽؼϣڷУҲһֻӰˣܷӵֻܿܵķ磬ˡ
˿̣ũ񼾾ʹڴŶִ֣εزĹٶȼģĲǹ߼ͽ׵˲·޵Ĳӣ·÷ΧĹ
һһһ׵似رѽ
ŰʱȥɫķȦŹâĹһʱתһʱ˳תķգûٿ峡еʵ״
ءһܼĻһ죬أͣ·Ѿ˵ʮ֮⣬ԺĵũһҰܡܽѾ˻ȥıĴ·ƬƬƬӰ£һѪ
ӮˣСӣȻ˵


061 ʮҽʦ
ʱƺ˾úܾã̧ͷһ˫۾ֱֱһȻ·ޡ
㲻Ӧ飬סһѵɡ
˲ĿͻأֳһƬ죬Ѫһ
һ̾ϢƥϴʥͷҡҡͷһػûУһҲдͻˡ
⻰һ̣ũ³˫ּϣɹ˫ּһһ׿Ĵ͹ܶǱͷ˳
пΪ֮һͣ޴󣬼ûһݡֻһգ۵ٶȣ񱩵Ѿʮ׾뵽·޵ǰ
ܵ⼸һ·ЩˣղһȭһûкһղŴĲһǿξһǰͲˣһǵؼ
ѾˣҪԵһǳǿδǵصѹͷĸдһʱ뵽ľײʦƺˣٲбȵٶһʱɡʱһʱҪͬ۵ģ
һУ˼ȵΣͬһʱڣԸԵ·߸ԵķʽϵĽײȫӿĽ·죬һţɳʯѣûкˣӭȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ֻһһֶڹǰһ˲ȥͬʱֻϣŵؼܶӭϡ
䡱
ֳΣһ£ûٴδʧƥĹܶǰʧøɸɾ˵һŤĴѷ¼˸ղŵĲңûбĺۼ
˸ʮ׵ľţĿиŲһݡ
ˣ
ͬһ䣬һ顣
·һ̣ڵܻܷӵĲʮ֮һˣǶһվҲվסĶ֣һ㹻ˣֻһֻˮܣǺķٵķܣӶɱ˻Ǵ´ࡣ߹⼸׵ľ룬·վǰֻˮܾͷϡ
˵öԼˣҲöһûĸεļһ֣ǵɱ㻹ʲôҪ𣿡Ϊ
ǺǣҪ˵ľǣҪ㣬Ͳ˵Щѻֱӻӵũûһ˿־塣
·һָҪǰľ޵ƷɻˮƵĺ¡
޵Ʒɻ۵һڵϣ档
С磬ʦʹˣɣ
·޿ҲˮɫˮԷ衣
㻹ʲôũ񼾼ΪĿûҪһһ˵ͷų˾޴ܣܵһػѹסؿӿһѪһС
ã
·΢΢ǰһ͡
ߡ
˲һ߸һһ͵Ķߡ
ߡ
ĲȫԺ·޺ԥȫƽеˮܡ
ǣûǰ磬ǿũ񼾵ĺ·ѹ˹ȥ
һ̧ۣһϷʵؿʥ˫֣ƺǰһֶûһ£ֻǲܣѹѾ㹻һʦ˰¡
ƺǿѹ棬·޽鸡ҲǺˣ·ǿѹ죬ܶһһĵϸճΪһˮգ·޵ϡ
û˿ķ֮
·һµҲʧˡ
ûѹ¸ܵ˿ɱԷһֱЦеؿ·һλ͡
ǿѹסʦײһЦͷڡ
һһֱ¸˶һڱС֮࣬ٲܷͬĴǿĹǰȻִС
ôģͷ𵽱һĿջŵܣ·޺˼ľ롣
޵ƷɻǰסʦصſڡСóһҩȥũڵϣ뵽ָС
ʲôʥʣ·ƶû׹
ͬޣôģ
֪·޵Ļشܸɴ࣬Ҳﻰ
㲻֪ͷһɶĿ״á
·һ
ʦôģʡ
ʦû̡
۾ˣ·ֻˣǰľɫ湻Ǻ
ʦ˭
ʦǡ·޸ѿڶ˵ʦȻסʦ˵ܵΣԼڵĿռҲʧֻԼһ˵ʦԼΣվءæסڡ
ͷȵץģ˵ˣһΡ
һᶯʦ˵滰֪·޻ָ˵ȻϣܷǸһҲ˼ˣֻǲӿǰִΪӽһʹģ
ãֵҳ֡ôģʡ
˵Ҳ֪ˣûƭ㡣·ü
ղţѾ𣬾ҵľ飬ѶϣһӾ޸֪ľһ㣬˵ҾʹӦҪ󡣡ͷԵţ·ޡ
Ŷ·޾ؿһʱ²͸ͼ
ûжģȴӦ㣬ôһʥɲñЦʧšͷøһۺ
ŶҲûʲôԼ޸һ¾ˡ·赭д˵
ͷһֱ쵽档
˵Լ޸ģ
ǰ·ޱסһȫľ롣
ǣǣģˮԡͬޣʲô²ܷأǺǣܲˡʥĿ˸˸Ź⣬ͬǰ
˵Ĳҵģ·ŭˡ
Ȼᶯ˶ҲУģ
⻰ɵҲţ۾ɰˣͲˮ
ôİ
ˡ
Ҳ֪˫޸֣˵ҽʦﵽ󣬿û޹ҽʦ
ʮꣿ


062 
ʮꣿ
ʮôʲôʣӦңǿ뿪ɡ·޷ˣ˶ԶƤʥ͸һĿŹ⣬ûĴſţֳɼצ״ǰأͲųĹļһûһĵط
һҽʦ
һ仰һһԵʦͽͬĻعͷеĳԾǸʥеһƴȥ˸ҽʦһּΪ޴Ϊԭµġ
һҽʦͬһʥĸҪû˸˵塣ΪҲʲôʥİ˵ⱲòһҽʦԮ֡
Ǹҽʦ
ǣ·޵ĻشնѾ׹һѡ
ٺ١СϵܣһϳֲӵͷСϵܣ·޵ʵڲԸ⣬һԺӵ˼һʥȻһ˳ֵʵеԽܡʥ˽˵һûУСϵܣһʥԴӦһκ£Ƕ˵ɲʲô¡ú롣
·޵һҪҸʲôɣ
ȻҲװ㣬Ҳ˵Ҳ뵽ҳѾ֮ˣڽĴԲ˯áͷʥֳһᣬһ˵͡ΪֻһܣһָǸ޸е۷塣
ǵģһõò˵彭ţصˣôܴóҵĴɽĽ
·ޱϵǽסˡ
ɽһܴù㽻ֵ㻹ûʤ㣬ⲻͷӿڡ
⻹ģ
ϧ彭žЩɵ£һɱţ˭ǮͰ˭Ҫ˼ɱǸʲôˣɱһˣԽܶµĹֹأã㲻ɱҲУǽһЩ׬Ǯǰһ٣˵Ļˣɵ˰ɼĳ֣ʱ裬ģǮһ˼ҳҺôҲһ·ڱһóԲϷũŹ˼죬һëգɱСӲɣ˵ǲɵûˣһͬʮ޶ԸҪҼʱ֪Ϲȥûˣϵľ߳ɣ׵رҩֻӻȴ˸ڴϵķˡɵбɵ𣡡
ͷͻһˮ⣬Сϵܣľһ£ϾɵһͷӾİڲ˵ɱ˭Ҿɱ˭ǺǻٴҲɱ֪ҴҽʦѾһ࣬ϧҽʦˣ죬Ҿһֱһ£ʼȥǸ׻ˮ°ʹʦ͵õˣҲû취£ǽ㣬ǲҰ˵ǲǡͷһеؿ·ޣһȵʩĺӡ
ǡ·˵Ҳ㡣
ͷ˱죬ӿ޳ˡ
ٺú룬ҿΪ¡˵ȥĻҾͳɱ㣡ֲһ䡣
ӲҪȥһġвȵô·˵һֱǸͷ۾Ѿųĵصȵһߵļ롣Ӧͷļޡ
ҴӦ¡ͷ˵
·۾һգգĿɫ
߼ͷֱ
·ҡͷ
ˣʮɣ㲻ٱˣˣһʮˣͻƵʥҲǶޣûд𺦵¡
еģϼһһֱߣֱ˵Ϊֹ·뵽Ǹһȥѷ˭֪ͻȻ֡ԼȻʦҲʮֵİգһʥ棬ʲôҲòˡûҽܲܳɣұģҽԼУûҽˡΪԼ·һβˣͷһŭɲġ
ͷʥһ͵ĿʨӴ󿪿ڵСӣΪʥһ죬Ҳ벻бһʦŪ˲ҵʱ
˶һѿĶŶԷһʱԺﾲ˶ˡ
ĻǸʮĺӰǸħͷûβ³ͷҧ˵вĻ
Ŷ㲻˵û뵽ǾͼһԶ˺ңӦе˵·ް˵
žͷݺݸԼһ¡
У˵ʲôʲô˼Ҳʱ޶࣬ʮֵ꣬ˡʥŭ˵˵ʲôҲеֵ󡣡ҪҵܰɣҰȫ¶㡭ĻҾһӸҲ
·ҡͷʦˣò㡣
ǰҾ֪㲻ϣ̳ܽĵӣʦѰˣ˵İ죬߰ɡ
ʥ˵ꡣתصſڴũ񼾵ıһ֮䣬ũϾֳ
ͲѧԵ㣬խ³嶯Ҳǲ磬ȥú˼ɫһûǸũѾŵòᣬͷһ
ƷɻѾڳеǣƥҲûһ˸ʦ㼸·һͬ·
·޻صС޼ߣ˵СѣˣԼأҲˡ
С޼תͷĴһ˿ᡣ
һټ𣿡ʡ
ȻģȴԵ
˵꣬·һЦתصſڣһЦҪ֮ģѭġ䣬һһѾʧˡ
°ˣ֧һ°ɣƱղأ


063 ٵС
ȻʥһȣͷһŨ̵ɳ
̵Ȼƿֱ֮׵Ŀռ䣬ǰڳصһʱһѪֱ϶׸ߣڻеĳ˳˳顣
ͷһне彭ûʧŹһΣҲһ
ԺһǸʱ˵Ļ
ֻҲȥˣ·뵽ܴһʥͬȥͲɵû
һһ·һ·̣˿ˮһСɽ£ɽСһС档СɽһСһѶõͷľ
һ·ϣչʦƷɻ;ͬ·޴һСۺġ·ҲСһʣ̸üΪͶ޵Ϊ˺ţؿ־Զһ˵޲üɫ裬һб£㼣ĵ롣
Žӵĳл˵Ӣңʱʱɺָ㽭ɽ̬֮һԵʥܼѵİסҪոŵӵͷ
˼Ҳģ
һ죬ɽ£һũнޣ޵һ·ߣȻһȻһͷڵϡ·޴һ⼸Ǽ޻̸ĺѾǶιˣͷһΪ˻·޲ɱ֮飬һȴ֪Ϊ¡
·޸æʲô¡
·֣ʦһֱûָܻһˣһֱƲ֣պǻָˣҲҪܴ̫ʦֺΪ㣬ֻ㡣ʦ縸ӣԼܿҲ˼ңʲô죡
ЩС£ѽȥһ£Ҳҵܾܲҽ˵ı졣
Ʒɻϲһͬũ񼾵ķ䣬˵ľٶҲСۺʥʥũ񼾵ĳƺҲУǰȣٺ١
ʲô£ũ񼾣ʵֽ伾۷ŵʡ
ߣǸ˵ģ㲻һС̬ʥ˵
·£Ȼ˵֪ûеһԣһǵһθҽΣҽãҲҲһ
伾ʦһۣغ߹һĿԣ·ްڲ
·޼ɫѿһ֪Ǻ࣬תһϢϢһһ˫ֵֵѨϡ
һ֣˳˷䣬ȴվſھ䣬֪ʱ˿̶Ѿһʶ֪ľ硣ǰȡ
·޽ʶһע伾ڣֻһ̾ҵǴȻѵľȻʱָƷɻ˵ǽд鷳Ҳ½ײֹ
һӺ·޲Žڵֻ;µҽҳֻҽʶƶ£еϣ·伾ӴֻҽһʱôҲıݡ
ֻһṦ·޵ĺˮʹ¡
һټӴʶƶȻһۣӦԷȻһȻĿӿ롣
裬ģСӻн٣ⲻǺô·ˮһգһľһ壬ʱ伾Ѩȫ·£ڽһУһܵˣɵȫѨͬʱ忪ˣ·תΪˮֻҽһԷѹȥһ£Ѩ󿪣ʶִֻ·ֱ쵽伾ڣָоͬһһռ䣬ԼվռǰԹڱ˵塣ԼΪ澭գԷƺֻԼΪС
·һʱ㶣޷ӦԼôͻȻǿĹܡһµľ缸û׼ʱѾɡ
ҽʦԼѾΪһҪµҽʦˡǸ׻ˮ֪Ǹʲôĸ֡
Ѿ·ǰ·ֻ̧ҽ̧֣ͬԼʵһֻ֣ϴӵһֻƬ̵£ˣĲ伾ںúһ˳֪һѾ۷ʹ಻ѣ䤱ˡ
һ˳λ۷ʹһԲ޸У޷̧۶ΪļһʹӺȳ⡣
ҽΣ·޻ľ޴󣬵ɲ伾ǰУĿһ̧·޸Ҫ´ȻһĲͻȻֲ֣Ϥ·޸һȻ䣬һ֮ͨȻͻеöָռΪ֮һŤȻһ£·֮ʶյ伾ϣͬʱľ޴Ϣ·޵Ŀռָ
ҵȤıһʲôѽ·˷ǹܶ似ɣǺǡβҲ˳ǣе㲻̫ص֮䣬ɣ·޵һ뵽ľ뿪ã򿪷߳˾صľУСһ߳ȫȻ
·Ҳ治ô
ˣ˼ͬʱʵ·һǺĵͷ޵имһлȻȥеʦ
ʥǿģԼʶûСⱾ¡
صС䣬·޼еش򿪿ռָȻһ£ǰѾĿռչǰȥڶ౦Ѿ֮һƷЩԺƻĽؼѾԶźãǱŷոմһһ״̬似ƶ
ǺǣǱ似һǱöԼռָǺģǺö֮⡣ҪȻǱ似Ҫʩ裬粻֪жٶˡ
·һùһ֮£ȻϣľǱĵؼн似ܶǺöԴӽܹĴ·޾һֱ˼ĹؼڣԴˣʡȥⷬ˼
ؼ似ɲϴðȻ򿪣·޳һֱҹȫﵽ۷״̬Ҿһκķ޵ҽƣ·޾ϲķԼһѾڲ֪нʦ׵СϢͻƼûʲôĸоһ˲Ӧµľ磬û˺Ѻ޸ʹࡣϢǺõòˣͬʱˮľĹܣһֱϵĽžĸ죬벻괴ĸˣһλˣֱǱ֮


064 彭
·޾ʶⱾؼн׵似Ȼһµĳһ޷˺һᣬдǿϢԺ֣һӹ·ˡ
ˣܶȻҪԹ֧֣ԼûκιһûеġûйķԹѽ
æгԼѡһãЦ·һνռָһϣûʲôҵһĹǱ߼߽׵ġռܡԥ̴򿪣Ӧһ֮£ȻͷʽЩƣ˲鷳
˳˿ռָ·°ҹʱⱾļ䣬ȵȫϤѾСǰ£кȥ÷ù󣬾ͽɽˣǲ彭һֱΪ֪ĸݵء
Сɽǧ׸£һ·ɽ߶ǲʮСƺɽ䳬ꡣô˵ĵط˻ͬһɱϵһ
ɽ¾ܿһƽչչɽȣȺɽ֮УһԴ
ȻкԶѾ˳ֹǣʱһ֧գʮ꣬Ŀ㣬һװ
ʦã̫ʦãʦáһʺȥ˾޵һϣѾΪʦˡ
ǿ·ʱԵЩһߵʦæ˵λ·̫ʦĿˣϿ񡣡
˼··𣬻ΪͶ뱾ŵӵܣû뵽ȻΪϱʦΥƵһ˴·һ˼
һ߲ԶѾõѸŵӭٲ˵һʺǰӵĽڣһž·ǰѿѳƬأм䣬彭ŵһǧľᣬÿ䶼ǰǽߣӵŽмһ伫ݣ伾ٲȻѾΪˣҲˣ·һ·ãһƧĴǰǰжţͷҲǣֱڡ
һţĴݣһŴϲһˣҲʮ꿪⣬һŹһ׸üбɣĿȻֱͦıһ΢ŵ졣ĴһλòõĸˣһĴͷȴǸʮŮӡҲ紲һģֻҪƯö࣬䣬һ׳֮
˵˴룬һعͷ
̫ʦŮȽĸ񣬶֮˸Ҫ
ŰɡͷЩͷ˵
Уʦδɷϣµء
˵ҪǷµؿͷ˵ʲôҲҪߵİڴϿһˣ治ףôôľܣͲеͨ𣡡
ǣǣʦѵǣʦʮ꺮࣬⣬µؿͷҲǳֻϺˮ죬ȴǷҪµһԵŮ۾һ죬ֻǰһۣµڵϹؾصһͷأŮķ»صϣһʱ䴭Ϣþòƽ
ͷ̾һ˵ɵô޲ɼʦѵͷô
˿һЦ˵⡣
һԻһˣЦʦλСֵǡ
·һǰһٸ˼ʲô񣬱̫ۣжһĵһӦ˵һμоûɵ⣬һҲеòۿۡ
һЦ˵ŮΪСֵĪ֡
·ƾܣǸСŮѾһ߹Ļһֻ͵͵һۣȻԸһͬһİСлǲԸ⣬ֻǼҽϾòΪ֮
·ֻûһ¡
˭֪û꣬ͷһһߵĸˣͻȻ˵λСĸͷɣ
·һվ
ӵ˸Ǿȡ
һ껹һѾˣû뵽ʦȻҪ
Ǹһ֮£ӯȻ򵹡ֻûͷȥѾ·һ
ͷôһ˴ⲻɱô·ͨ졣
ףлĴʲôСģ㵹Ƕͷܲͷе
ǰҲ֪ҴнȣֻСڣǾġ·Щ
ȻᣬһʥһͬһʳôЦͷ΢죬д
ʦôһ£ʲôף˫üһ壬Լʦ
ɵҩβ㣬ΪʦȥһֱҽҽʦȻ첻ˣڻˣʮСӣ׵ҽǺǣ׻ˮҲǸ׵ҽߣСӿǵصصҽʦɽСʦ伾һСӲһṦʩҽȫˣǰߴɽأһˡ
Ŷһ˵ĸŮ۾ͬʱһֻǿ·Ҳ̫࣬ôСǸѵõҽʦô
ȴһȴһ£ʦ𣬱ʲô˵ģҾˡˣ
·һ㵣˵˲ǸɵӣǸΰӢۣһʱ뵽ȴǸխʦ磬ϾȻУǸ漣
ʦͷһ֮䣬·һۣٲ˵ȥȴȻĿˢˢ·ϡ
ѵΪ
㣡˶Ŀһɣһ͸ֻС̣еսȴ˭
·һʱͷˣһһӣȻ˵ͷ˵ףȳȥ㡣˵ͷҲתȥ
·ͷƣֻ˵ݣ˺һǸСŮӳСҸȥ
·һһȻĿˡ
ܼһСʱ̶ǿñӨӨСһвԣΨһĻײʦ
ĶһλʵʥȫһҲûʤĳߡ
һԡ


065 ûô޵
СӣЩ˵õģ˵ЩӲʹ˰ɡ
·һ㶡˵λС磬ǿͣҲ˵ʲôС缴ɽҽŰݷá
ʲô˼·һ㶡
ߣҲвȡˣС˾ཻ
˵ң·ʢ̣һ˲ʱϺһ֣ȫܱǶһֻˮܣһֻľ»ɫ˻棬ȫ·ܹĵ£ȫƮ
һʱ䣬ȫǵܣһ˫ضʥϣһڵһͻײСϡ
ʱڵ˲Ŀ˿ֲֿ꣬µѹȻģô֮ǰʦ˵ް㲻ʵʦܹͬʦ伾һսġʵʵܱѾ˵һСȫʢʱĴ֮˽Ҳò㾫ܱ
˫ϵͬޣ˵֪ˣ˵Ľ·˵ܣͬޣعŹҲûڶˡ
СŮҲЩǿѹԵ΢һᶼУǸĵһʵĸо
ôСǡԼССкӣԼܽӴκһλӵǿ
һ̾Ϣʥû˼࿹ʧСһ˵С֮һЩף˵ʲôҲӦҽˣŭĴСҽʦ
µıͱ·ĵһˡ
˵ţһ죬һ˴˽ʽһ㶣˵Сֵܣʲô𣿲ˣȻûһ˸ģʦ˼ҴӦġ
۷伾
·΢һջܣֻ۾һգգĶǸԵĴʥ
伾첽ߵǰδգþ˵ʦܣ㻹ʦҹǡ
ʦ磬ÿֻ˻һһ죬Լһ¶˶ã˵ʦ磬λͰ彭ŵһɣҵ壬ÿ£֮⣬ܵô˴Σʦϣϲ徲Ҳֻܰ彭ǧ˴á
伾ҡͷ
ʦܣҲΪԼܵ˴ΣԴλСֵһսദһ·ϣҸ࣬ұʦ̫࣬غͼʶһ֮⸱ܵģʵãøֶŮһᾡ֡˵ŶĿֱӣһֿ
һһ㶣ƻõһУڼ˻ȫˣıǣһʱҲǲ֪Ǻá
һߵķѾڰᡣ
һߵŮͻȻ˵ɷ򲻼Сڣؿһ鳤£ǧ˭˭ᣬ˭óģѵ˵㻹͸ô㿴ҵ̫ʦһָ˾Ŀȥͷʱ͵͵۾Ĩȥ
һټʮ꣬±һС˲ཻʹˣСӶӲӲ˵ССҲȫ֪̫ʦԴ˺޻䣬һѵ
Ůһһĵֻ޲ͷڴϵĽһʥȻ͵͵ᣬһͼ壬˹ڴϣޡ
ʦТһľǡ
ʥǰָŰ㣬һʱ
·̾˿˵ǰ֮ǰԼһϣҸҽɽǣǲ÷ϣڳȥʱϣֻйһˣҼд·һ̲Ҷλ⡣˵תȥ
ߺ󣬽üʵʦ˼λҽʦǳĸۣǸ壬Īǡ
˶ӣһ˼·عŹǰļУи·ңǿǵﲻĴ壬ҪǷСССɽƽҲ¡
˵·ҵΧյҲʮĴ壬˲űһӦʮҲǼ¡
һʥֲʣڣϵ⸱ӣʮмֶã
ҵˣʦ
ӵũİӣȥ˳ң泤سͷǴ˳Ҳû̫Ӧ˵
ء··ĵף伾ƺ׹
ʱ·һ߽ݣڴʱֻʣ˽һˣֱֱؿ
·߹ȥı󱳴Ѩϡ
ҽҲʲôôġȻ˵
·һ˵ôָԼϾأһܴﵽֵزˣҲǵùˣûתϢˮҽ־֡ʶƶһ·˫֣һ£ֻҽ־Ȼ˳Ľ˶Էڡ˳ȫ·޵Ԥϣ˾ȻûκϢȫĽԼ·С
һϣʦֵܶ˵ĸȻֵ
һڣ·ޱԼһ
ҳһţȻڶУ֧ǲҽΣһܹɵġ徹Ȼ͸ܲķ
һҽΣһֱʱȫˮ͸·޲ŷſ˫֣ͼ֧ڽӵһڵܼſˣ·޾ԭأרһᣬվ߳ȥ
һţʮˢˢ⣬Ȼûзһ˿·һ
ôʳ仰սľؿ·޵ϵκα仯ľ
ý϶Ƶȫҽá·޵Ȼ˵
ͬʱһڳٿʱˮʹͷ·ճϣ˫ҲЩʧ񣬿һʩҽصࡣжһȡλ˸һ˵л·ҡҡ֡
·伾ǰߴ·ѾΪⰲµסԸ˷Ϣ
һ˯ֱ賿Ŵ
һۣһӰڴǰæµϸһȴǸһɫ·﷭
ʲô·һ


066 Ұ
عͷһЦЩˣŪãŰϴֻҪԵȵһᣬҾٺˣܴˡЦ˵ûһ˿ѰŮͽᣬ·һ£ֻֽȻҲûȥ·ŪúңƽʱҲǸӲŮ
æ˺һӣλС·ݸ·ޣ··֣ҪԼҲٶæء
ôλСƶ
ţ·޿ûŮӿµȺá
û£ҾҸ״µģͷһ¡С˵ֹȥȻİ
·һ죬ǳΣԴʮ궮ºԼЩ£Ѿһɲٽ쵹ǱǿŷһأԼöࡣ
ˣ
ټѾԵĺתɫָ˺öࡣ
·޽Ӵ˻һͷǴкˣ·޾еڶεҽΡ
ʱȥ·ٳʱѾ磬Ϊ˷ʢķʳ·ҲԹԵĳԱתԼķ䣬Ŵһ壬ǸСѾͷٽˣߣϢ󣬲ʶ˹ܿռⱾ߼
ϰһ飬·СĽһεС
һԵܣִ£ԽԽüѣھеÿǰһУʹ಻ʱǰľཻͬһδεͻһûΣա·ˣһ뵽нԸײϢʥĿܻΪӰòΪ֮
ƴˣ
˲ѣֻҪǸµĹܶܶһֵʤ㡣
һ·ƱǰУһһֱ˵˻ƳϣڼƣˡܻϵСϣӨӨСܵܣɵһҡҶڣһ塣
ڴϣ·оϢһµĲΡ
Ǻǣʦռ䣬ǺõòٺˡͬһأȻûһִĵط˵һ漣
ڶһ·һԾµأоǺõٺˣȫÿһ̧Ͷ㶼ƮƮĲʸУƿСʶ󿪣ڸо˰һʯϣĴݡ
·һ㵣ӵһԣȻѵö࣬õĺôȴǰĶࡣ
߳ȥ뿴˭ڿԼѵ˵һ˲ɣܳǸϲʥ⣬˭סô
תݽǣһʯһʵ塪ƺ˯һҹЩ¶ĽëϣһӨ͸顣
˯ü㣬·ûоƹķ䣬еҽΡ
һȻǽֻǱ࣬ʱ߳˷䡣ңƣҲࡣ
ù·ٻصݣѾˣǰһŴֽϷһ˫Ь
·޿Լϣȷʵ˫ЬѾˡ
תݣ²š
Ϣһᣬ·һγС˵һεУûѶ󹦷һ죬Դᳵ·һδεУһοһΣҲһһεźȡ
ݺپûҲûгԣֻȫĳ֮У߲ݡҪڼǰ޳ɵԣǸܶӵ¡ѹﻹаи
һȥѾ˴롣
ҹ彭һڣΧˣʥ彭ʦ伾һˣȴĵˣ˸ݣһ˫ֳ֣ͻأسϡйצģһ˫צһ˫ȸǷɿ죬Ϊ˼أܵĵ㻯͸򣬽彭ţʵɳһЩ춯صĴ¡
Ѿܹڴˣʱ˵Ŀⶼϡ
ô˵ˣ
Ǹġ
ǣСȥգ·ȷʵ仯ܴ󣬶ڳ֧Ǿǰһ֧Ѿת֧·Ϊͷ죬һ֧·Ѱе˶ӣӳҲͻȻ˶֧ϵкܶ·ȥ˺֣ĿĵȻֻҺдӵĻǶ֧·סǵõˣʣ֧еһ˾гΪʥĿܡ·Ҿ˵Ψһʥǳ֧·䡣
Ǽ·괺أڸʲô伾ʡ
ֵǣղ˭ҲһЩеĴһҲѣѾԹܴˡ
λ·ǲǡ
ǣ·ޣ·괺Ψһӣǰȥң˵ͬҵɺǴСĻԼֻһֱڴѾˡ
ʵΪʲôѽ̫ˣԴûͣʱһֻһأ
Ǻǣ㲻֪λС·ڵ֮ǰǸκ似ķ֪ʲô̼ͻȻ֮䣬Դ󿪣üһޣ˶ӡǺǣҲ˵Сӽ·޺󣬲ŴˣԴ￤ûв֪ġʥ޳ݴЦš
ǰС˫룬ǰƺǾĶǵĳһҲڹƽϣǰ˸ͬӵˡ
磡ӢۣôûһɫأȻ˵
㻹жþͳ׺ˣתͷԼĸס
죬ʵҴʱѾԶˣֻǻҳԡ
ԣʮµģҲûҪ£
ΪʲôЩ׹ŮѾʮ꣬Ѿ˼˵ͣһֱĸܲһС飬ֺٳȥͻȻһ꣬Ǹеܲ˼𣡰̾һԼһķϣԼŮػ̫ˡ


067 Ҫ
һʣСͨ죬һʱ벻ɵԳһߵ̫ʦۣ˵ʲôǱøõ㣬ҲÿС䲻ǱУ
ͷǰ䵹ãСԲˣͨǰסͷĺӣ˵ʲôҲ֡
˹ЦԼˣСģĻʲôܻ䡣
ʦȥҪһˣΪһʥҲ׵£ҶӦˣΪλǲǲʳ԰ͷЩ˵⼸һֱΪš
ʦԼͺã˺úԻỹ飬彭Ųһǧ𣡡˵
㲻ףҺϲСӣһˣ˵ϣ󣬿ɻǲĵġ
סԼĺӣѹϤ飬ʦԼǽʱӡ
ʮȥֳֵڶͷܵˡ
֪ƷΣֻ˵һĻǸӣҲѵá
ұԴʱһҲû취ʥ˵
ðɣʦͬɽҲ㣬в٣һСĲǡһҺǼҲϵգܲһ֮СС˼أΪȴ˵ùȥ
Ӵõһ߿ĻǲףС⼸۵òᣬһ첻ˮϴһƫһ࣬ӦһҽˣһΪԼļųĶٷ彭ǧˣһ˲ôոʮ꣬ػ㵱֮ϣعŹҲסѽͷһֱҡͷ۾Ů˵š
Ů糺죬
üڵͷϣϡ֮ҹе·Ȼſ۾һ·˫۳ֱȥµأǰʶⲢһˣųһֻ޳ȳƵȥȻͻԳһСĹγɣӯҹɫͷųҫ۵Ĺ⻪
ңңԵһ뷿ڣһԴߵŮһһ̧ͷܿǼݣʱ˿һĹâ
ɹˡһһ׵ľ
Ī̾˿սǸ֮źԶľ롣߲ʰ
ӹ·΢΢üͿ죬ֻﵽһ׵ܸ߶ȣʩչܶʦһױ׼кԶһ·ûеľʱ䡣ΪʲôˮͷҪѵöأԵܼ󣬼ھʹﵽλͬʦһףϢĲϽһֱУûرһȴͬʱʦ׵ľ硣
ҲҪһС
һһҹû˯·һûУ߳ԺǻãͻȻֳһֻɫһֵԵһȻһ죬ΪΡ
Ҫ˰ͷȻŮӵͷ
ٴνУ·ãܿռ书ϳ
ڶһ磬ſ۾·޼ʰһ¶ĴУһˡ
˻ûйٵĽ·󣬽˫ַıϣֻһᣬҽ־ʹԼڱʶ뽭Ѿúף·޾ĿҽΣѾֻܽҽ֣õõӦ֣ͬľԼֻʵһ㡣
ѾͬǰȫأʱȫѪϣָԭֻʱ⣬òʮ£ʰʱˡ
ֻһʱȥ·ۿ۾һ˵ķˣУָֺͣ·Ҳһ̵ĳɾ͸Уоһûʲô
ǰ˲ˣ·ĳɽҵ˵ֻǰһСæҲذʲôʵǼ£һҲ뵢飬ɽˣҲң˵һתߡ
·С磬ԴƬ޷ĳȣһĳϣҲ֪ʦ֮飬Ҽӷ̰ʵǶԲ֮֮ǰĳһ󣬲֪ܲܵȫ
˵ǣģһӦġ·޵Ȼ˵
㵱ȻǾ鷳·϶չһҵ϶ʦȻһʥ̫ˣһ·࣬Ͷൣˡһء
·һ㶣
ǰ˵
ǰʦ˵ʲôҲҪͬɽȥһԽԽǾֻжС磬ˡ
·޴ϲ˵ǵȻǵȻһС˼ҳԿࡣ
һʥλؼң·޼߳ɰգƽϢеĴҡлǰȫϸţε鷳аˡ
һЦ˵֮ǰ⣬ϣ㲻ҪϣҶʹһ¼ûйȥ£ס£Ϊ֮ЩʱԼһǲеģҪѶߵ̤ʵ
ǣҼˣ·޵ͷ
ҲǲþټҲ뵽ȥһΣͿʲˣ
ûһ˿Ц·ͷһȡȻʱ޵Ѿʱܸһӵĸоһ˸Ǹд
šվ彭ＸλһˣȴǸɫЩ΢ʧʮŮ
ͷѾϲεʰҪһ㶫·һͬ·
һϧ󣬶һһһͬɽڣһͬʧɽϡ
תȥֻнһվһúһ̾ϢͬеҶӣ䵽ϡȻȻ＾ˡ
·ϸϵüһɿС򣬶˱һһ䷿ͷһŵ˵Լҹεëһ˯Ÿ˯·û취ֻͬһҡ
ҹ·ҪҲ߶ûһˣѾûʱɳ
뾲˶ʱ·ʮУӹ˳Լһֻ֣һֻͳĺÿ֮ϡ


068 ͬ޵С
ƺǿһЩĽɵƵĴͷ㶡
ǹͻأиյǰ۾ְֳε
ǰ֪ΪʲôƹôѾˣŴﵽ߶ףȥʲôʱ似ѽ·Ƶ˵
ľˮ磬㻹Ǹͬޣ嵹ô£ôͬüԵĹ֪ľǶͬޣѾѼһĹˣ㲻ǹǹħͬޣһһʮ㿪˴ˡͬʱĸʦԺ˭ҸΪѰ
ģ˵֮ˣͲ°ˡһٶͬޣҲ򲻹ġ
ǲһҵĸӦһʥܸоƺйɸµĴڡǹͲ࿹ġûõΪʲôأ㲻𣿡Ȼܾþˣͷȴ𰸡
ǵģܴ㣬ֻһһûٽж˵һʤеڶǿڲ࣬ôҲóһʵϲңֻҸеؾԼ뾡ԼԵˣġ㲻ʦȿʲôͣ˵˵ôѸٳΪһʦһףƹ
һ˵ͷϾʵ˵˵ǸʲôĹˡ
ŶǱ߼߽׵Ĺйܿռ䣬
߼߽ףǱĹĹһǸˡ˶ˣ
ˣһϣǰһܳ·ЩƵ˵
˵һ˰ˣ죬㻹Ǹ߶ϰ
·޴ӦһһתͷȻǸͷ۾ͻ󣬶ѾܷŽȥֻһͷ
ˡ·æ
Ҫʲô
Թԣһ˼ҵٰʲôʱһ㰡Ҳ㲻Ǹˣ
·޾ͷˡ
ҪңȴҪңû취ʦˡ·бӡ
˵ʲôһ죬ѾΪˣ㻹˵һ㣬˭ͷŭˣ
Ŷ֮ǰˮֻò죬Ѿﵽʦһˣڶһʦ׵Ĳϵġⲻ̫𣡡·˵
һ䣬ͼʥؾϵһűӣĶŶ
ˣ˵ʲôҲܸͬסˣҪˣ裬ģ˭̵ܽ㣬ʦǸӡ
˲伴ţ·ҲÿЦãһν뾲֮С
ͷһҹδ飬ڶһƲ֣Ъޣ·ҪҪһסͷԴҡҪˡ
ĹŴӼƻʧܡ
־·һصջһľ룬ϣһһСĴ
˼ңϻ㷱ߴľ¥Ʒֱ¥ߡ
һ޼ʵϣһ޼ʵԭʼ֣Ҳ֪ǧ꣬Ƭ˼µĵطʼһЩԵޣһҲΪһЩԻ˵ıء
һְҵջСӣˣʮˣϰ˵һ봦ΣķĺΪЩֵǮ
еһСӣһֻǧҺʱһһϢʹ˵Ŀ˸С壬СһֱҲĵһ켸˺ٶȣѸٳΪƼġ
ȵһһСʱһշҲҲСһѾýӸˣסˣûһ˻뵽Ҫð·µ
һȦûϷĶôҹ
ʱһݴһŹִñӵˣ߹
ҪҪ򵼣ֻҪһһ졣˿ͬظʪϢһ޷ܡһûҵ˵򵼣ǼֱԶõİţο˵صѾһˣҲˡ
ãҾ͸һӣȸһ˯ĵطɡͷ˵˵ͬʱһĵ
һӹ·ϺöٲãְѾð಻͵ҧһͨϸ۲졣
ǸʲôͷǺ档
أһֽаǦĶӳò࣬ɿ˲ء˺˵
СķźӣһЦ˵СţͽľСסûˣȥְɣ֪ʲô𾪡
ٺһЦ̸յشϢǰĴ壬Ѿںֱ´ӪӦʮңľˡУάһǧ˵Ķ飬׻Ƽҵ˶ˣ˱һǧ˻ǿᣬ׻ƽܴӣ˵ѾﵽףΪߵġĳȥʮʦ۷壬ʮʦǰٶ˵ˡûһʿĶǸ֡·ң·ֻһ·ɽֱĿǱȷֱĻһɿֻжӣ·з磬·ⶼ׵ȻȲһ۷𺳣ҲѵһЩóһǳưһֿˣǺǡ
·˫ü΢·ҵ˾ȻһɫĶ֧֮֡һ·ɽӣöϵ˴һűصõҰġ
˳һֱ߳ʮ࣬Ѿ֮УһֱߵһԸ߳ƽϣľ΢ϡ٣ϦѪӦúĿŶԣֽȴ󣬷ԲķΧڣаĺӷˣããУһ֮һһ͸ƣ·ʲô֮ϡ
СᴵֻеĪǰ
ģǸħ󰡣ͷЩԾĽе


069 ׻Ƹ
ħ
عŹħʵɶߣаԷλڳһȻ󰴷ߵָͬʱܣһܾͬڿռвһ֣˵ħ󷨵ǣʮʮΪһ壬Ϊһ壬һĶǾŵıΪһ󣬾ˣʮˣʮˡơ󷨵ǿʩߵܳȡ
ӲĻͬЩһͬս׼
ȻǸħ󣬶ҲһĳˣҲỶӭ˭ƻĺ¡˾ǰվš
𣿡һߵ
һߵСӣ֪Ѿˡ
ҾûƹĺãǸ˵
Ǿƿ·޺Ȼ˵һȥ
û߳Ͳòվסˡ
һȵ˻ȥүڰ£ʶľԼ˶ϰɣ޼ɵ
·һüͷ˵ǰһܣС۾Ϲġ
ͷǺһЦ˵ʢܲ˼Ҳȷʵߵ˻ȥǰһ
һһһֻǰӳȻһɼ˲ǰ˳ռΪ֮һŤۼܼһ׵ܾ˽Сϸľ˲ˣɳܾ⣬ִЩľм׷ɣ䵽˼ޡ
䡭еĴħһӣȻ죬Ӷƺһĺɫתۼ仯Уָʮ˸һӺȫίڵϣɫ࣬ʮòˡ
Ŀ˲ûˡ
˻֡
Ϊʣսļͣȫվԭϡ
ɱƺˡ
̫һ̳µ棬һҶϸ˵塣ɱ֮˱
·޾Ŀȥг˵ϵһʮ⣬Ѿһصؼʿ״ңһصĶ֫вкÿһƺսһ̣ȶֽţ˶У޲˺ۣûһģѪҺʬǼ
˿һƬѾûһĿյϣԶŰ˸ˡһˣĸȫһͶʦһĸ֡һ˸ֶһ޳ģһΣһĸ߹ʾκһװóմһ߹ȻȻһʣֽȻǰɵ㲻һԲλڲĿӡ
·޾ûơʮһֱڵѹѾûٶսսеֻǱϵķܡ
ǵĶһ˺һ̫ˡȫԡѪĿļһȥһ֣ѪѾ֪ʲôֹˣֻǲסڵ䣬صһؼѾòʣµϣһֻܽԱӳףĿֻһţǲȥòϰʱҲľֻƼʢĸǿ֣һɽܺãݵĽһ˵
ҲǼȻһıƣףһԲܵļȻҪö࣬λ۷״̬ǿĽһܾţһֻ߳ܵͬһֵһֻ۵ı˿ļҪ嵽ǰߡ
ͻԳһѹһеʹǸۿ΢΢
ηѣһһܰƽģλǸ·ĺá˵ºͣȴ˲ɵò˵ĻԿĻֱѹ
ŶҲûܣҪԳƴүҲͷ˵һʥû̫ˡ
һû뵽һ㲻ղŵһ֣ǰˣǶҲˣͷȴʵͷʹҲǸޡǸԵľСۼ½ɣû뵽Լһ仰ŪˡȨأͷ˵ѣµĴֻش󣬾νκιƨֵܲģһմ֣һӶѾ壬һһĴ塭
ϦһֻÿϣȻķת۲ɫˡ
ͷƺµĲһֻ֣һ˵Ĵ塣
ǵֱûһ˿Ŀš
߽ͷ˿ߵ·ޣһʥȻὫĻһ̫彭ţɲҽıһС
οиΧԱȹ彭ŵ·ڡ˵ʮֻ꣬ǸүһҲһ
·һһˣ˼Ҫ嵽ϱǰȥȴ˼λ˻ȥ
Ǹ˺Ҳ·޴١
ô˵ȻǸ˫ꡣ
˵ʲô˾Ȼûһ˿˼һǵĿˡ
㲻˵ʲôҲܰء·޺ܲ˵
ߣҲκһ˵ͷᰧ󣬴򲻹񹷣ҧˣÿ˶ҳʸɴ࣬û˿ԥһǸ϶Ѫ֮ˡ
Ѿھе꣬·ＸһѹͷŭһĳǰǴʱ˿ľ
ã˵úãҲֻǿǲ˳ۣһ£Ҳûϵ·˵
˿ɣȻĺһ䣬˵λͬ顣ҪһΪѡ
ˡ˵һ䣬˵棬仰һ˶ʱĽ͸̾
·սȦĿʼյȻûԳ˿İҲûвܣǾֱǸӡ
ҲһؿŶԷŲƽһǿĻȻ
¶Ȼһߣһֻӯߵĸðڵ棬ϡ
ϵʱɫܷܸ档ڳֱʵʵڸϣҸԵľȻֳһǾǾ޽еˡ
Сѣ߰ɣǰ


070 ǿ
·΢΢һ٣һǰУǲϵһУؾһʥɵһˣĿֲʵѾòŵڶ˵һ䡣ֻǸһۣ¶ľġ
Լһߣֻ·һеڶ˻ְ
΢΢ЦԼһޡ
һνС
Ǹ΢ĸӣĻѾ΢΢ƣ·Ҳܸоķͬ졣
ƺ֪ʲôɡ˲¶ˡ뾡£ǰ⼸ˣֻҪȥ⼸ҲȻڣǾһСˣҲԳ
׻Ƹ˵
׻Ƹ
ִŵΨһΧֻļӵıǼһ;еΨһע˵Ķֹһ˵
׻Ƹֻ׻Ƽļ壬ֻǵһ֧СʼңϾͽ׻Ƽ
عŹļȴǻյ׻Ƽҡ׻Ƽ֮⣬ͬ壬׻Ƽ壬ʼҵѪѵȻҵΨҶ𣬴ûļ
ֳֻ׻ƸǰݣʮӻֶеһûԵóĸӡ
·޻ͷ˿ϣǸͷһֱҡͷһλʥ۷ģѾʮǰˣʱʮ׻޵У˵ֵ׳꣬ʮ㲻ĿޣֻһܣѾͻƶһٳΪͬųµһĻһƴĵڶعŹʣ
ζõģһʾͬһ֧ʮ˶̸Щˣ֧߽⼸ʲô󾢡
һǰʥ׵ͷ͸Ƶģء
ҪŵóŹأ
·޻ţֻǲЩһʼˣֻ뵽Ѿѵĸסһ־޾鷳
ߣȻϣժϵĤɣҿһҵλҪҵǸͻأغȵͬʱֻһֻͬϼһģһ׻Ƹӳϡ
˫ͬޣԭҲǸʼˡ
һҪˣôʲô壡ҲָֻܹףϹ̫Ӻ󣬾ӦһҲǻôۣʮŵܣ㲻վһȻֵֻܶڼƣҲñָʹôطֻܹ硣
ġʮ磬񣬶խվɲ˴£ҹйԼҲˡ
ǸһʱȻͻȻһץһƤֶ£ֳһӢͦʮ꣬׶ŭ
ôģ΢üͷ
Уֻһﵽһ׻Ƹ˵һСȨְΪʲôɱģ˵仰ʱ·ܸܵʱ˿̵Ѫʹ
㻹֪ɣĽƽԭͳǧǽһӣֱָĵӡƽԭҪ췴䣬ֻܿšֻһ֧˵ѾٶˣСĵĺã˵أ
ԭô£˵ΪʲôͻȻɸ֧أԭҲϢֻһڹǺǣЦǾȥʲôǧģҾȥɱκһ˰㡣һ˵ʹ쳣
㻹ô˵ôʮ
ȻһĸѪŨˮģʮ磬ߣҾ͵ʲôҲû
ǸʮҡҡͷڳļһۣĿˣȥģ
·޺Ȼ˵ϣһˣºҿԿǼǸ彭šߣ˭
Ҳ˶һ̼ס彭֡
һ죺СӻݣǰɣһЩ˻ȥԼıܿеˡ֪С˵ļ彭Ǽ١
ѾϷ賤
׻Ƹ·޵һʱ䷢һԷ׷ΧȻܺȻͷų»ɫӰȻƮ׾գۼ
ӨȻһʽԴغѾͷ¡
죡ݣ飡
һâһ磡
ͻȻĶһӿ˲䣬ȫˡͬ͵Ϯ
֧һеǿֳϣһЩʹ
ûϵһʮСֲֿʮӣѾԣ˲ڵ׻Ƹȥ
䡭
ʦ׶һһף֮Ķˣһֿ·һ죬һʹľʱıȻӦľĿǣʹľƵʹࡣ
˲һȥ
ʮһѾ˰˳ܣʮŷԷֻ˶һֻˮѾһξԼ֮䡭
̫ˣһ˵ڷƮġ
Сģһɾʮ˹һֻһֻ񣬼ͬʱصѹ·ޡ
ޣ
ɲǼ䣬һֻľܳ·޵֣еȻģԷؾȵò·ӭеˮ
䣬䡭һ·һ˶ֻѾֱֻϣ岿Ҳӵ˼ؼؼ似ʹеĵλ˲䱩
ǸС鷳̾Ϣ
ͬʱģǸսҲǰĽԳޡ
н֣ͬһһûıϷ졣
ͬʱȥѾֻ֪޵ĸǰֻһֱһ֮á
бǿĲײѹƣһʱضʵʡһһȥˮһ
ˮһĿһɫѿίڵϣ֫鴤˫۷ףһѾȥ˴롣ĵľûܰһ£ѾˣôشĶУп뿪


071 ɱ似
СͬϵķмһƮƮ
·ɴ֮䴩ȥͬʱǿξֻϮܱײһһ棬ԭػһ·ɫӰӡȻ˻أһֱնһˣ䡭
һȻֻһֻ·۾ѾǸʮѾѳľǸʮŻȥͬ׻ƴʮŻʵС̫ࡣڳĻ治Էķ֮һ
ʮŻǾģȻ˳ȥƬӣ·޵һҲǺ塣
·һѾȫ
ͬʱıѾһֻܵ
䡭
һȻڶԷȫķϣûֺܺڶˮӳȥܾһٳһڶγɡһ϶
һϣ·һ·ҲûˣȻۣܸоһִﵽؼĹһ̻ԷܣϿȥӳؼĹΧ
óԼóһܡ
䡪
һֻܣջ˲ȥǿĹһ̣Ǹ϶˺ˣâУһ飬µܾǸ޵ؿ֮ϡ
ء
˷·޺һԾͷԼķ粽ȻϮĵؼֱͳʮ⣬ʱѾһƬ԰ס
ء羪κ˰ĵؼܵ˵ϵͬϣȻʧȥͬ飬һɼ飡׵һֻɵϣȵؿ·һۡ
һյҲ˼һ޾ôʧˡ̾ϢһСǸѲ
ߵܵǰʮ磬Ѿֳһ˿Ц⣬ͬѾγԣװ
һĵطٿر˦˹
ʮЦʢˣе׻Ƹһܱ޾Ͳĸϣ׻ƸɲǼͽһۻˡмûǸִ߿һۣҲֻǰ΢΢һͣͣͼȻĳŵܵͷȥ
һӰ˲ҲۿնһѾû谭һ־
׻Ƹ켶رܱӳѪͳܱǰһӳֵ޵ĸ߼ֻܱͬһһ㣬޵ֿ
ͬһߣ
ʮŵܲûɵܱܵĵزһĺˣ׻ƸȻһֻڵĻܴ棬ͬرܣͬԷĸһۣһмһǣ˲仯һǰš
һεķˣʮŵȴֻ˳ףʮѾһ׵ļٽӽС
ʮ磬Ҳ֣ŭĽеûһ˿η塣
ҲԶ֣ѾõĻᶼ˷ˣû취ˡ
һ£׻Ƹﱩһκ׾룬һӰʮŵǰ˲ŵ󡭡
Թңܵܣ±ӱٳۻʼˡ
·Ѿϲˣûһ˿ɵķӭǸʹϧ;еһޣۿͬ鱻Լ飬ʶһ̵Ĵͣһ·޼ѵȵĻᡣ
ͬһʱ䣬ԼĶ֮ʧȥһؽܱޣؾѾˣȫ󿪣ǽԼ͵ǰ¾ֻñѻأʹڶԷֻ߼ǰߡ
ֻѾѸٻ̶̵ľ룬ž޴ܵǿ⣬һؿڡ
ֻüֻϱۺǰֻѾʣ²һ˲һѪ⣬Ƕûκãۡһ죬˵廯飬䵽ϣ˲䱻ɳǡ
ʮŵͬһֱãʮҲûߣʱΪԼ˲ң߽УһĿһɣٲã͸ۼѼ׻ƸȻֱԷ
һһС˵ǰͬʱֱֱཻضԷһһҲӶˡ
ߣ
ʮһһգ˳һʮŵܵһֻǰʮִա
ʮŵܸµɲǣܾ׻ƸѾﵽ࣬һһҡͻȻеĸӰӰͻȻصʱѾֻʮӰǵض£ﻹһֻϵĸͷ
һʮŵܵȻϵãؼн֮似ɱ
û·ǿÿһĽģӰֻǿļ׻ƸѰпܶص·ߣ㲻ȻҲ䵽ϣˣû̫ǻʼҵĵؼ似ֻи߹
̧̧е׻ƸʮŵܺȻˣһؿ䵽ͷϵʮ磬ǻʼӵܴСһĻᲢ࣬иԵʦиԴС͵ѧϰ¡ǶһҲû˵ϰĻʮŵһֱҲû뵽һ졣
ˣֵŻʼܱ䵽Լͷϡ
ȻһҹһһƤͷͻأĳʮŵ󣬵ۿʮµ׻Ƹ
絶㴵ʮĿʯһ䡱ҵʵ
ȻסˣûʲôʹеʮŵһԼǰĪسһ·κηܣСɽһɫķԣҳͻһ𣬺ѺͻϹϵķ׻ƸûһƢ
ʮˣ˲ʮŵ֮䲼һٿҲ֪Ǳһºá
һ־ûʥһԶͷų似ġһʥҪǳ֣ڳĻʣµѷˣûӵϣ


072 ͷ
ǰûں˭԰ɣ侲뵽
䡭
·ܣ˳ʮ׺ǰվס
˿ǰ꣬ˡСӻǷĲǷܣһ̲ϢϱãΣʱŪѾСӾһ˫ߣģüҲ˵弸ˣ
ˡһ˵˵
˻һ£ľġ
óãһ̫ˣ·Ĩȥˮһ۶ʮϺµͷҲʮû˼ҲҴʮŵߣͬϷһĿĸˡ
·޵ͷһӴˣ̵ģС뿴Ц
޴ͼԣҪΧڵС·ĿһȻľﵽ˳߰룬ѾܵļޡĿⶨһϣһֳܣСĵĿ
·޶ˣµͨʹٶϾ˦˲Ķˣ˲˵Ǹһ֮ڣɽѹ¡
ѹĿֲʹöԷţǰֻǸʦɫ䣬һʱ䣬ֻ뵽ܽȥ
䡭
һֻ°࣬ľغ䷢һֻǵһܾڶԸǿѹ¡
һѾһ״ֳ̬ϲѵãͬʱ嵽·״еܱ˲䱬ǵ˼£ȫ߼似ȥ
ڶѹ˵Ľ£СûСѾ񱩶
·޴һʼͷŵʶѾ˱ûѾʹСһһӵ˼£Ǿ˵ǣɿʯһȴڵȥˡ
ǸѾûɳ֮Уеֱǵϣм䴦Ѿüһ˿ǿ⣬һ϶ѽ
ܾϳһѾ·ް棬ӰԵü䵥
ʮһЦѾֳһ˿⣬һתۣһߵͷǾ죬ס߶Сӡһаݣ
һ㶣Ȼ뵽һ£ɫ䣬ȵס֣
ﻹü
䡭ȻĴ죬òžҶܾò価˾Ŀȥԭ˵ĵطѾΪһӡֻɳʯҶﻹӰ
أ
𣿡
һʵһ·ɫӰ˽
·ޣŴ޷ŵ۾
һ̣·޽·صĵŵͬʱ䣬һ˵ϣϷˮĲϱֱͣɳʮ⣬ӡʱֲɫ԰ףܵĲЩˡ
һָһѾ߻ս
ǸѾˣԭĵطЩɫʣǾ̬
ͬ飬ǿַͻѼңٲĵˡ
֮ǰַһģһһޣҲܳɹ·޼סˡͷһֱͣ߶ţģ
ཻʮޣѾͬ㣬û뵽ĿԼһʬ޴棬ǶеѹͷŭѾﵽ˶㣬ǻһľģɱСӣ
ʮӢͦһѾŤ벻ףͬļȻǳ̲סǰһе׻Ƹߡ
ͷųе·ޣСɫѿȻ⻹ռޣûһͷµ֪Ūٻ
·޵ĿһӣеʱˣͷҪȥѽ̵ģŸʥƫƫһֵģжƣڵսѾÿԵ·ѾĴ㡣֮Բ붯ʦǲܿű˵Ӯÿһָоܲˬ
ͻȻ֮䣬·ͷ˵ˣҪҲȥǻһҾԲܲɱ
ͷֻܿȺµĿʮϡʮҲǸޣףеܱȴ켶ɱͬ߾ʲô
̵ģϷӣ·ҧгݵصǸûԵͷ
ʮҲһû뵽һвĴߣȻһͷյϯȥˣЩڿһǸʥ߸һĵЦٺ١˼㣡·żһǮĻӣŮ档
˼д˵ģ
һΧʮ·ߡ˲ܽĿҪȼˣ̣
һͬһսȦʮŵܣһزʶΪƴھѹĶǰҲվſȥˣȥˣҲٿˣǲԼԲһΪ
ֵܣ߰ɣǡһֻ׻Ƹ
ϵͱ˼˻ߵ֮ʹһ㷴֮ġǸͷ
¿ȥãҪˣȥҲﲻְɡЦ˵
ǰΪҶսҲܿ򰡣ʮŵܼɫͨ졣
УҲƻҵĺϷͷҡͷˡǲһô
ǣûϵ㿴һ֪ˣСл㲻һֱװȥˣûˣúÿžǣС׼ˣǲ׼ǺǣһˣҲͦ˼ġͷƺڵǧϷһĿģ·ڶｫʮһʺ


073 йʦ
ٲҴ⣬·˫϶ˮľܣǻɫķܡĿûеļᶨ
ǣ
ԷҲͬÿ˵Ŀ⿴
ɱɱʹյһʱ䡣
绹ȻƹѾӲˡ
ɱ꣬ɱһʥҲûлġʮҪһЩɵ۹ʹøࡣûٿʥһۣκα鶯Լء
һһ侲п˵
׹ɱһʦ̫ˣʵ֮ǰͬ飬ԼûһƾɱģֻĻյ÷ǳãֱͷڵʯļ϶ʹñΪеһô׵䵽ͬϣʱѾûаأ޷ջˡ·ǿ̫ʶá
ףСȻһֱЩ죬ֻҪһ޴һʦǲġ
һ㣬һһܵһȥһɽ߼ͽ似Ѿһ״·޵ͷ¡
еѾֹһ׵Ŀռ䣬·޾ٶܣͬʱĺй˳׺һ
һűϣһֻѾͷ·ֻþٶˡ
ǰ켶׻ƸڰջһӰһоɱؼн似ǵضĸӰﻹóһҪġ
·˫ͬһ˳ʮף㽫һ
ûһֻܵѾһϮ
̵ġ
ֹ·СյһȦѾԸоڵ̣һߵòˣʹһܡ
ͷϲҰʼȣĲò˼ҡ
û㣬Ҿ뿴㻹ʲôƣСӹģһǿ͸á
ͷƨʥǳ㣬ëë棬㡭
䡭һε켶ظ·һΣ˵ҪֻʦŪ⼸ˣͷһŪȻһ֣һͬҶƮҡһ֮ѾеߣһֻȻͷ£̵һ֣һС硣
˼м䣬ֻüܵӣ䡱һһ֣·ѾƮһ࣬ͬһͷ֣£ҲǻӴһ䡱ȻһӰһ֣·ʮ󣬵Ӱȴһּ䣬⻪һɲȥ
ʮۿܵʱŽ׻Ƹس֣죡ͺһ
һһԵʮŵϱɫǼҴѧȻҲᣬ켶ʹÿһʽûһǸ߼似ȥ켶ͽ׵ĸ⣬ȫǵؼÿһ£ѵһľɱ似˻ʼҵϺͰ
ûϣ·Ѿ֪һлᷴˣֶһᣬֵһˡߣˮһתѾһϡ
һ·ˣܷӵ˼һתֱ࣬һ·ɫӰơһȥ·һιһˡ
ͷ㲻һֱôУҾˣְɣ·޽ĳԲˣޣԼپҲûǵǿᣬһǳսǵǲģ·ֲˣڵÿһѾܵ𵴣ϵʹС
ӦˣãҹٴӦ㡣ʥûɵ˵˫֣˫
·еһ뵽һ£ͻȻ˵ϣ㲻ķܶȽ̸ңҼʶһʥĻǴġ
ͷһ㶣˵˵ʲôܶ˵𣿡ûС
ͷֲϹղŵһԾǷܶ˹ʽҿھͽ̸ҿܲá
䡭
ʲôڵô˽㣬ǲǽҿɲ似˶ᡣ
䡭
ǶҪˣʲôᣬҾ似Ƕɱˣ硭
䡭
һ仰ڲϵĺж϶˵꣬޼ôҵĴк죬Ҳܾ̾졣
ҿɱǰ˵һ߱˴һѧѧûôΪŰ
䡭
Ϊ似ѧģҪ飬ҪѧˣҲΪˣ˰ɡ
ܿУҾ顭ͷ뵽˸⣬Ǽ˵ô졣
ǺǣˣҪˡ
˵䣬ͬʱһͣ˭Ǹʲô似С˿أɱ˵ôõѧϰ˭Ҳ
ͷٺһЦһ࣬úûһſ˵˵˰áܳԵ
ǧ֣ܳ˫ּ֣Уͷţһ˵ͣ٣ƽʮʱ䣬ͷһûȻ˵顣ǰļѨƻ֮⣬˭Ҳûֱܷ˵Щʲôĸ˼ֺͣ꣬һĥ֮󣬷һۼҲû¡
ͷԾϷŪһ鼫̲סһЦþúþֻͣ¼£Ī޺һСͬʱˡ
Ц֮ģͷ˵ҽ̵ĻУ֪ǵ˶٣ǲסɱҰ
·޵ͷ˵õģллʦѧˣ
ȫ˶ʮСӣһ㵣̶һЦЦЦмһˣͷŨؿ꣬Ǻǣܣ似ɱɣҷǳ֮뿴ʹóʲôӡ


074 ܶ
˶ؿ·ޣһʱûǰ
·˫Ŀһ˫ּܱȫˣ𣬷ּ³״̫ǵĿᱩ֮˫ּ䷢һؼн似·еü˺棬ʱأΧĿȻŵ˫ּۣһۿɼķɫּܻγɣԽмɫԽȵʹ񱩵͸˳
ķܶͷ۾һͬеһƴͬʮеһЦˣôأԼٶϹˣȻףǵסʹóб漣
ôİ̲סʡ
̵ģ·޵Ȼ˵
·޵ʶ̫࣬ҲֻͷǰߵĲʮֵ䣬㹻ˣҲòͷ˵ڶ飬һģһͬܶ似һģһʹõܲͬ⣬ȫͬ似ʩŷʽ·˲׹ܶǴӷܶݻģͷܶķȻ̲Ҳóֻܶԭⲻİѷܶհ㵽ðˡǺǣܶѾʶľתҲ֪жٱˣһ÷Էˮɵ¡
𾪣˶𾪵ؿǸ似γɣʥһʣÿ˶һ£ǾĶȷȷʵʵνķܶûôóΪû˻ͷٵӡǼֱͲ෢óԣһһֱںߺߣ߳似ƫƫʹˣԭǷİ
ռѹ˲伫أܵʮеֹ似ͷų
ͬʱ·ޣܱͬ
·޺һѾûֹͷܶˣĿⶨڵһλϣܴģڼУѾеܴҲǾ͵ģʮ㾫ȣĲչѣǿʢʮܴȴķܣпɲԵġ
سХһ˫ǰƣ˻ţɫĿֲɫһȻ·ǰȥɫɫļ״̬ɲһ
ת嵽ǰߵĴޡͬʱˣ·ת޵ľ磬ʹֳֻܶ
û뵽֮ٵͷϣþսûǰѾ似һǹԽӵסģȡпܱסԼĿռܶ˺顣
ɲǼ䣬еķɫܴͻأĻһֻܣȫȻܶӹȥ
ͷֳı飺Ƿܶ÷ӭеˡһ似ǴС·ޣôôأһҵҲôвţ
תķܶΧܴĿĿն׵ľʹǴһӵʱȻһʱͳХȻһƺ˹һ
ֹͬסĲӣͬʱֻеķܶܽӵܶϣȻԷסǿķԷɵ
˷ܶһӣĻɹȥ
ô
Ŵͣѽʵۼ˲仯ΪУһǿķܶ谭ҵͬϣƶն
䡭
ֱɳʮףأҲùȥѾ޷һˣڵؼǰһĿҲˡֻΪܶһתû飬֤ΰ
ʣˣһˣһʦʮСɵʣˣ
ʱ·޳öԷһĿ϶˫ֻּܶڶʩΪ֮ǰԿЩĿⶨһĵϣľϲʹ似ص㡣似˵Ŀǣ
ٽһˣһͷʮУХһͲе׻Ƹ̫Ļ湥棬ӷ·˲仯Ϊĺˣ·޸ǹȥ
еȶѾﵽ˼Ƭ빥Ҷӣ̻˷ɻҡ
ʱ·޵ܶոսɣ˫ּۼ⧲Ϯûʱ÷ܶﵽ޶ҪȻͷ˳ȥ
һһҺڣؼ似֮䣬׵ľײһ
䡭УƺͣˣǵĶ߼ܵʧ
·ޱܲྡྷʮ֮⣬΢΢һ£ŸҷԷ
ʮеվǰ׵ĵطһ˫侲۾
һû˲˹ȷļͬҪǿǿö࣡
·޸ովʮֳһ˿е׻ƸѾһν·ڰٸСӰᣡ
ųĵؼ·ֻüֻܶȫͬʱ˹ȥ
䡭
ֱӱƷɳʮ֮⣬ֻֻһֻǺõģһֻȥˡʱսʹ·޽Ķ֮ܽǰķ֮һһƣĵס
̫ˣһʱȥһֱͣսһˣҲ۵ÿˡ
·һ۵ĻᶼûУһһֻܶܡǰֻܼһߣɱؼ׻Ƹ似Ĺǰ
ʮŵһ·ϣĲӸ϶˵ٶȣһḷ́ÿһ춼ķ׷˸Ŷ˵Ӱֱ֣һ·һƵݵش


075 ܷܶ
·Ѿ̧ͷÿǰͽµܶϣغֱƵǰƺһعһεĴʹǰ£Ĺ⿪ʼֻЩۣ֮飬ЩҪɢľʹ
·ֻһͷ㿪ⷬĹһ˿Ŀ϶ײʦСʱһܶҲǺõġ
ԷѾԲлһعһػ·С׷鵹ľмҶ裬Ƭ̣֣һݵصϣ·޲̧ܶԷһȻؽһһֻѾ̤ӵʱһ࣬ϵ֮ܶʱѾһã
ѹµˮȴˣм䣬͵һﻬ֮⡰žһеܶȥһǵؼߣ׶ߣһһ׵Ĵӳ·޵࣬·ȫûа̳ɣӡǰһһӽһӣܾһֱʮ⣬һˮһľܵվϱ͸ˣҲһ㣬ֻһ˫鶯۾ȻĿԷ
Ȼû׷
ʮһŽĲһͣ·޲֮Զܳǿɽ·ȴǱķˣѺˣһֻ࣬һ̵΢֮Ҫľ룬·޲Ŵһ
ʱǼûнÿһһ֮䣬ûʱ˷ѡ
·޴ʱ˿㣬ʶҲЩҡȻ֪Ϊʲô˫Ī
ʥȵؿҪʲô
ʮ£ʱ򡭡޼˵
˵ʮҲѾȫȫӿеҲһˣһ·ޡ
ͷ˫üһ壬˵ѵҿˣûõóˡ󰡣нսھͳֻٵȵȣؾѾ˵˲Ļٳ֣ʵڲÿǰϳְɣ㲻֣ҾˣȥûãʮһҲӲģʮŵ˵ǽʮ磬Ľв
˵Ѿӣһֱ۾ĵҲɫĸһ
ߣҪĲУҲῴŵġͷĿЩأ֡
У·޶ʮ磬ڵּҵתϢһֱûܽ״̬УʶƺһֵľǿУǰȻһƬƺǰĲһˣһӣһƬⰻȻɽϣ΢ͣһǿϢڷһ
Щ㱣ʮӿ˽Ųе׻ƸȼգĿһ΢ݣеĻѾһХУӳˡ
ɣɱ
ؼ似ϵգһʱʢڻ
ӦǿΣգ·޵ĿЩظһ̧ɫǰԲӿһҲ̧»
һ֮䣬Ȼٴʹ÷ܶ˶ˣûʱɵģʮŵֻһѹֱͷڳסˣһ˶ϱɫ㣬˿ƽ
ͷصĿͻȻһô¡ǡİСҪʲôѽм
Ŀ䴦·޵һֻһ䣬һͻȻֳһڼԽԽԽԽȻһֱĹܶȷ˵ǰܶʱͬʱŵȴһؼ似ܶɽȻͬ˫ּ䲻ײƣٵػһ·˫ּдȻĵ̫кڰҲͳͳһϢֱﵽʮ֮⣬ֱһ㣬ޱгſ
·޵ȻҵЩããȻϵٶȸӵĲ˼飬ʮĵؼһ̣һܶڳΣͷ˳ȥ
ѾûٻһӺ϶ɵµ似Ѿ˵ؼƣһߵͷ˵Ǹ켶似ôİʮ꣬Դ켶似ûеڶˡ
ǿܶʹÿռŤֱӽӵ˾ɱ׻Ƹϡ켶似Ѿһ׻һѾһĽǿĹֱӶڵؼϣǰĺһ˲֮ȫûѹ֮£켶ܸӣתȥྡྷƿһаʮϡ
۾һʱȫǾзɳʮ⣬˵һϣϺ󣬾䵽ϡ
ʮ硪ʮŵܴһȻվסˣΪս
޵Ѿ׵òٰˣ´˫֣һֱ̧ҪԵֻһ·ǾǺͬһǸС
Ȼ
Ȼһȴ󣬶Ȼվһˣʮ磡
һ켶¾Ȼûվţ
ԭн𻷵ʱɢŴһʱû취ᣬ˺һ󣬲ֱͷһ֣¶һϵ·ѻƬƬƬɵõǣһ죬һѪȴָ
Ǿط֣һ㾧ʵĺɫƤ㣬һֻװ
ԭˡ
ۼסʮŵ˵г𾪻Щ΢˼һֱں󹬣Ǹרףǧ޺ڶƤƶɵ켶ףʮϣ׻Щƫĵġ
û켶ףʮˣỹվš
ʮĿԽһγľ룬ֱֱ·ϣڼͳһöҩУֻƬ̣һڵȵϢʹֱ̳ȥƱ֮ǰû֮ʱҪǿö࣬ڴﵽϡ
һѾߵ׻Ƹ˲صϣһ·ޣĿᶨɫͬʬ
˴ĿѾѹһеͼɱ


076 ħ
һ뿴Ǹŷ켶꣬ǴһãϿһ˿ϲŭֻ֣Ƕؿǰƺʲô
һʦͷųһƵ켶ʹﵽ޵壬ʱ˿Ѿκ似һ㣬˿ĵһ۾ȷˡ
Ѿǿ֧ţûɫӲܿƵķû취սˣֵزѾȫ͸֧ȥ
·һֱѰֻҽ֣ʮߵǰζ̶̵ľɶһ
ҽѾʶˣˣҲһʱ֮䣬·ĿռָҲûУݻָܵرҩֻҪһĽ׵ľͿɣϣڵ״̬Ѿûˡ
ʮٶȾԷǳ֮䣬ֻʮ׵ľ룬мһ谭켶ĳùͺͺģͬĵ棬ûϰ
ʮףʮףʮס
ף׻Ƹ泤һ⣬о
ͷ̾˿˵Լʱˣ˵ģٲûôõٴˣѾγɡ
ףֻҪ̤׻Ƹĵؼͺޱغ䵽ȱϡ
·ͻȻЦˣܲпЦӢϣ쳣޾ףȻ̧һֻ˽һӣֻȫܻڶѾһ˿ˮܣϢֻϣϵ֣˼
ҡͷ˵زһֻ֣׻ƸֻҪһͼɡ
ȻֻȴͻȻǲŵĿУԼС䣡
ʲôܱ˵ģɱͷһѾ׼һ̳ˣûϵһĻ޷ʱֹһУѾСϣﱻ֮Ϊȫеܻ֮أһҲ޷ָһ˾ͷˣ
·޲̵Цʦɣһɹһء
ž
ʮֹסŲϵ׻ƸȴȻ˸ϣҲһ˻ôʱ̻Էϵ
Ȼ·䴦һֱﵽ·ڵСϣСһҡƬҶ£һɰγɣһȻ֮Ȼڳ
·޻Цţ̵Цֻһʿݣħ
Ѿǰ޿Ƶٷǵܣʹڵĵطܹӣȫһֵɫ֮УЩƮɢϣһֻʵʵҲչһףףס
׵ܱһʥҲֻмǿزܣѾ־ע˽
·ϷʵЦţʱ˿̵ʮ磬ƨҲ磬ֻ˲ϵĻӣȫǾͰѾûһղŵƣǰĴչ¶š
ɣ·޵˵ϵܷһ£֮ڶƿ֮УֱܵʮϻʮһµͷҲʧˣ㲻Ѿ壬еĻʼѪͳ켶׻Ƹһʧ֮ữ룬òһ鶹챦ۼһƤһıͬʱµĻһЩࡣ
䴦ɸߣһһ󣬽ʮʬˣһһƽˡ
ϢڷǣͻȻ˴һȷɱУȴǸޣ·ջһֻǰ˸ԲԲԻɫ磬мطɲ⡣
ܶ
ԭܶҲһɵôʥؿǸ赭д֮꣬ǰǸܹܺ켶Ѿˣ似·ٲԭӣ·ˣ·ܹܶĶ켶似
֮ܶǰĴ󣬷ƺû֮ǰƣƿһеĵǸޱʱѾǰɾ룬ôԶľ룬ҲΪǸ޵ģܵǿ죡
ɣܶûһ˥ǿһûǸ۵ӰȫΪУɵĵΨһµľһֲγãһȻ졣
䡭
þòЪµˣľԭϣһʱ˼Ҳˡ
ʱڳңСûгȫգȫ߳ǸԺ䣬ʵȫһ֮䣬ûɱ֣Ȼ彭ŵļûһܳ˳ңԼһʼܵĻһЩ˾Ҳ롣
ħʲôʦˡ
ͷϱĪ⣬·޵ĿҲǸӵ˼㡣
һ·΢£ǳЩĮ
ջһ̣ɢ˼һ㣬ԭسϢУȫܿ챻ˮŪ͸ˡ
һʱһˣɱĸޣһޣӵ켶Ĵޣݳ̫ս崦һҵľҪʱ䣬
Ҳ̾ϢڵϣղŵһĻЩ亹һ̣Ҫȫػֱ꣬зء
˰ΣʮŵУʰͬ壬һһˣÿһС͸мʱģ˶ʮͬʱ֣Ҳͬʱһһء
Զڶʮߣ˴˲ʶȴಫڴнһС
ٻصյϣѾҹһͬһ·ޣһҹû˯ڶ죬ֱ磬·޲ŴӻָѹһҹֻٴȷҽֵĴڣһʱȴʶƶֻҽ֣ͣߣֱʹŽϢУָʱйϣſȵ


077 
죬·ˮվصյϣǶӭϣȫԭ꣬һʱпˡ
ɷǲʮ갡
ǰߵ·ܳߵѾû˸ƶϡعŹġ
ҶˣûŪ㶫ô·޲ʡ
Ŷǰ·ҵЪ֮絽÷Σʮŵ˵һָеһԵС·
ǻǿȥɣ·ϲ˵ĿرʰѾûôѪ֫Ҳ˵ʲôȳС·ȥ
˸ں档ͷһͷĿⴥԶطüïʢϣ˵һˣ⼸˻̣ҲûһϢСҲǸһģǺܴûһ˿ҲѾеһսķΧ
ߺܾãǼϣһ˳ú£üɶޣһƳףһϮɫ£оȻһϾɵʫ飬ϰ߳ȻĲʱõǰɨһۣʱ˿ɨʲôѾȫӡüͷŵϵӷ
˴£ߣһʮ˵ף˶ЩʲôˣܿǿǾС
˳˵һʱһ˺죬һʱ벻ǵݣ⼸ֻСĶԴ˶࣬Ҳǣѵ·ңС﷭𣡡
һʱܹĳ
ǰȻǸάҵˣãǵҿô
˹һЦô߳һһŮޣһɫۣȴʲôҲûдֻͻأĳ£ͻȻû˻ΪǾȻһԽţֻϺë࣬ͨ巢죬µĳ㣬ʹļƤ˳ҲԹάС۾죬һһϱɰĺ븲ǣȻһ߷ͷ
ӦģҲ˵ҲõߵŮˡһųͻģ߻ãһеĶǲ沿ɲ
Ů˵ȻҲϰΪʼմܽ˵ḡ飬һ˫ۿģľһŻա
˼һЦϼûǣٱƤ׻Ƽҵû˰֣ôܲûǲǲ
ά˵··зһüǵһҹδء
άҵĹάӵͷ˵ۼֲֳ֪ǿӲ֣ȴǣȻʵϲ׻Ƽ࿹Ѱͬˣֹͬᱦѡ·ң·ڲǿˣûάǿʹͬǽǣе׻ƼôǿҲܴϣһǾԵģⷬѾΣΪ漰رϵ̫һʱûö
һʱάľġ
з֣һͬ飬һ˵
˵
ã·зӦһǸӱϣȻѾˣʱ˿վڿӱߡﻹ̲ס𺳣Ƕˣﵽ׵Ĵ˵ƻǶ˺ĳɾ͡
ѵ˵·ûǸ𣿡άӳص˵
ǰһֱоһˮֲҿ̫ĿܾúϤһû˵һ˿Уо졣
·֣˳֣һܴϣ
˵·зüҾòһ£Ҳܴƽ֡
·з簵ͷ̫ܲ࣬˵һҲǲܵġ˵ǲùάЦûϵһƵĹάӾȻһ̹ģǳϡ
·֣ǰֻһ·֪ûУҶ˴ʱȵõ޺ˣҲòߵģĺԽԽ࣬ЩļֵˣΪôһ޺ˣʵ𣬵òʧԸҪ
ţά˵üǣ˼ǡ·зͷ
֣õϳöҩһһ룬Ȼһǳؼҵĺãúÿӡܱס𣿡
˵Źά۱䡣
ʵͬĻ·ҲѾǵһᵽ׻ƼԾƽפʱͲֹһᵽֻǰֻ鶼ڶѰңһò̫ʵ̬ջҪ۱ˡ
ֳһĸֺ·зУ뵽ĵһ¾ʦڣֶܿɡ
ά磬·зһ䣬ࣺ˵ɽһֻҰζϵܽͬҼһͬȥһɩ˵գ֪ǲ̫ðˡ
ǺǡϢ飬ãԼɩӰɣϲ³ҲЩûԵֲˣǺǡ
˿ǸŮˣǸŮҡ߹۵һЦʲôأҿɲС˵ﲨӯӯֱ·зƮȥ
ˬʵĴЦ
·޼ֱԼ۾ǰһƬƽǸѵõĸڵأΧƣȴʮķԲûһʪȥͷߴСߴ󣬻СʵȻγɸСһ㡣ʮŵܴŶһֱһƻɫǰ棬ǰ
ĸڼʿʮһ֣һУ·һ棬һ˱ǣ澹ȻһӦݳƷȫµĶ¯ڵ㣬ıһЩӦóڴ˵صĻʼƷţȻʮŵܲûжٳž飬ӦõĶѾݱ¶ţһ룬͹ྫµСѾͷǰѾҵԡ£ﾹȻиϴĵطʮŵܵʾ£λʮСѾ·޸¡ȻǴˣ·޺õڶ壬ԼϴһԴһҲ·شʣһķѾǰ


078 
Ͼü򵥵ˬˬһʵǻСѾͷǣʱ۾룬
طܾôͷһߵ·˵
·޵ͷط̫˹עˣ
Ҳǡͷһۡ
·׹
ʱʮϵļʱҲû뵽õʱ˿̣ʱ·˳֣ԼԭӣмϵΨһĶӣοǸķһͷ£ﲻϵļûУϵõĲʮ˰ˣ·޻ûɵҡڵȺ˵ҾģǿǵſǸӵЦġ
ٳСŮŵʮŵܣѾһѹӣһ°׵˿ۣϳһЩƣ⣬Ҳɷ
һͬԹôƧĵطһóһʳòʼҵ·޵ļʶмûԹĶһһƷ
Ѿ֪µǣǳԷʱͿ浶վڣ泯һšֻʣʮˣǵŵ˶㡣
ӳ£ЩǶɣ滹Ҫǣ
Թˣ̸ʮŸ綨ؿ·ޣ·Ҳ˺һĬ
ʴʮŵ˵µһʮŻӣ׻ƿ
ҽ·ޡ·˵
˵֣һֱڰ׻󣬸зһЩС񣬶ᴫЩЩһоһһӦԣ·ҵ£ͷһʱģһʱͻᴫ֪֡ƺǰʲô似Ҳ⣬·԰͵˭ף޷ǲ̫󿼺Ҳչһ˵˶ײҵȥˣѧϰ⼼գʱ㲻ߣӦһŶԡ
Ļ·Щ𾪣û뵽һһǣųͥ۾Ļѳ
ҼĴ󿼣ĸɫأ·ʵԼҵ£Ҫӱ˿е֪·޻ЩŤ
·׻ƿ˵
·һ㶡·ڶ֧һֱĬĬţȺＸû˶࿴һۣû뵽Ȼһɫӵܡ
ţֱӴﵽ߰˽ףʮ꣬Ը߼似ս˴ɷˣûһ˸³˵𷣹ֻǹ˼죬˵⼸죬ѾóԷˡ
ʲô·޼վ÷ʲôʸ񡣡
֪ˣĸ׾Ƕ֧·Цף𸸵һס⼸죬ƵƵǵ˷пҪд·
·޵ͷüͷһ壬˵ˣ֮λ
ʮŵһЦҪ˵ľ£·һҲûʲô𣬶Ҳ̸֪ܽά㣬ɱڣΪĶӱʮҪ˵ģһòŹܣҪ˵ľǣòҳͷ㸸·һѣʼΪ˵Ҳûʲôµġ
·޻ҡͷֻһʱ֮ߣûģ㲻÷ϣò
ʮŵ˵λϣǼֻǾ֮ͣһ仰£лʼ˵һ仰Ҫ͵ˣ˭˵㡣
·ԽԽԸ˵ûнĻ˵
лΪ·ҳҪΪعŹһҲǲܡڵ׻ƼѾԽԽ󻰣Ȼͥڲ֣һǵ棬ǾͲ֪ʲôл壬ʲôм壬ѵȫ׻ϵĶҪǻ𣡺ߣ׻޵ǸƥΪ޵УҿҲ߹·Ǿһֽ·̧һĵλΣʮŵ˵ɷߵ·ľͷһţû˵ʲô
·磬׻ƿı˳ƺ㿴أһսѾ·Ĺˣ·ϼλһλӣĪֻǿ󡣡
˵ǰ֮ãһߴŵĽͷ˵ĺ£֪ʲôʱͻȻԼıܽϣ彭һԾΪµһţôķް˵ĺžʮСͷϣҲ֪ܲܵˡĿһ·޲һӵؿŽǰһ档
޶ԣ
ɵӡ
㵹ǴӦһ¡
·̧ͷ˵Ҳ˭ǹ
һӱϵĻһʱĪ⣬ͷҲŴ졣
˺һʮŵܺȻһЦɫѿ˵·磬ϣ㲻ҪᡣҪֻܹƺһ׻ϵļӪǣ̫࣬ȻĻֱӳƽҲˡҳΪһ壬Ҳ·Ҹߣһֱһ£ҸеκһǶмģͬģάҲлֻǿ·ΪµһĲǸ䣬ҲǸ׻޵УǴ㣬˵ʵ粻˭һջ·ңû˸ҵͿһۣ壬ֻ·֮µģΪǹŹûһʣ㽫ǵһ
һ˵ÿνøͷžȵطɵòһθ߿·һۡС
··ҡ·ظ飬пӿͷʮľñȱҪöࡣĻСӣλᳬԼ꣬˵ͷѣǵϵüΪ͸ǳڴ¸ѹµĽ·ֻ棬ʵһź㲺ܲϵࡣܿ


ڶ м


079 ҵ
һ죬·ΪҾ͹Щ⣬һ԰֮أţɣһӣҲҵĶֵУ巴ĿĴ󱯲ұٳҵǰ·˵ϣĿֱֱʮŵϡ
⼸һֱΪ彫еһĿţ͸£һﲻһˡ
һһֱ⣬ʮŵܰ˫ͻأֳһ˿⣬ķŭԽԵܡ߹ݹ裬ƽʱ¶İ䣬ԥɱˣ塣
ǰֱֱĿûһ˿η壬ڸߴĻӣûֵ
ʮŵܺȻҡҡͷЦһ£·˵ǰ֮λҲֻǸ룬ûдɣǰĻû˵һʲôҪֻҪģвɣ㾡ǡ
·޵ȻһЦҡҡͷ
·һȻı飬·֮ǰƴ֮սȫǱ˵£ûʲôϵʮŵȻһͻȻԼ⼸˵̫ӣԷڻλǲмһˡ
ۣһʥǰǸ棬һˣںһŹ֣Լ˵ĻЩ̫Цˡ
Բ·磬˵Щϰˣֻǲ֪ôľ֮ʮŵܲŴĴ·ߣߵһϣСС·һЩøУȻĺΪһսˡ
òıֻǼ仰Ը˵Ц
ľ仰
˵λӻЩأԸԹŹںáȻҲɱ
˵仰ʱ·ֱʩĳ
ʮŵܵͷ˵ģҼˣǳ˸㶯֣Ҳڵġ
·޵㣬վ
㻹뿪ɣˡȻ˵꣬һȥͷæ档˵СᣬȴҲĵɫ뽭ҪΪöࡣ
ߵʿڣ·ͷҲûأ˵㲻ˣһͷ
յƽһޱߵƻһ빪
·Ҳ
·֣Ѿˣһ˯һȥʮŵܸ˳
ã·˵꣬ͷҲûһ£桪Ǹʥˣȥˡ
֮䣬˾ҹɫʧԭʼС
Ҿ˯һҲͦõģϵģҵõ˯ĵط𡣡ͷԹ
ھͻȥɣҿɲһǷ֮أһӡ·޽²ͣ
һΰˣֲ޵У˵ߣƾ֣ļСëϺôЦСĵùͷˡ
ٶ죬߰ɡ
ǸʥȫعŹмΪĸأ
ͷƵ˵ȻоԣţǻȥǶˣ㲻˯Ƕɡ
Ƕȫ˭Ҳû뵽ۻȥ
·޽²ͣʩչ˳һʱƮݡ
ܿһǰһص˲ɱСʱ磬֦ĹȻңԵľ졣
·ֱǸʮĹߣõһֿ֦ʼھ
ιιͷϱɫʲô
·Ҳͷɻһڣ¶ѾƬʬȥúʬһѰҡһᣬͻȻһ¶ϲɫ˻ؼһ֣һӣȻһʮƬһ֮С
ˮߺһϴ·޾¹չһ켶ۼףǼʮŵܾΪУҲǲңû˲֪ֻΣ֮С·ȴȻֻҪ棬û˻뵽忴˵ʶؾ֮㣬һֱȡء
ʱ¹´򿪣Ǽﰡ¹ֻˮֱй˶㣬ʮصĶʸмѡܹʯľεȻëڹܷܶĴ£˴ӵٴվĶǿߵҲ̫ھˡ
Ŷʹˡˣ򡭡ͷȻ̽ͷ˵
ߣǸʥҿɲǡ·˵ţ³£ۼ״棬һϾһٴ£΢ЦһƷǸСɸᱡĶһֽһ
ʲôܺ档
·޲ùȻһϣʱһżӢף˸Źģԭʮȡ··ĤҲ֪ʲôɵģ죬ʹһĸıò·˰죬תͷû𣿡
ͷͷ˵̫ˣһħСħ㱾ӵģ㲻ˡ
·ĵͷ˵Ǿͺãҿ˯ȥɣȤˣǵøڱǰҵֻӡ
ðɣģҪǴ˯ǻǷֿȻҹҡ
˸Ѱһ֦ҶïĴһԾϣѾ䣬ܿ硣
ʶε˽֮ڣǸʻǸʥ۷壬ͷˡһǵľ磬ͱüˡ
һҹ޻һոշµ£·޵ˮݴˮ浹ӰԼϵĤһѰӵӣͬʥһ߻ǿƽڡ
ӰңԤʼһ
ͷͻȻеףô᲻ˡ
˳Ŀ⣬·һȥԭǶʮŵܵĴԭϣѾûǶ۵֪ȥˣڿǿطԭȻйһ˲õĴ
»ˣûط緹ˣͷʧĽе


080 Һ
ţССӣ˼˵أĻλпء·޴ﵹֻ꣬Ƕ̫øðҲһӲԸ뵱·ôưˡ£һҲûаﵽĿʵҪˡʮŵܲǣظǸʧ
СʱΣʵ̫ңԶˡ
ǰ߹һλ׳ӣһƥҪȥ·޽סλ磬֧·ҵĶ飬и£ҵ
Ŷ·Һô˲ɽأȥǱ߿Ǽҵģһ磬˵·Һ͹άңϵһѾûб˵ĵطˣ屾ʹ˭Ҹˡ
·˳ָȥ̤ǧķΪʮСӣͷȥ˴к۵λãһλĿʵʮ꺺ӣɣ·޼ˣ·з磬Ҫһ壬󣬸֧࣬·屲˼࣬һʱҲŲ·޾Ͱһ֧壬ʵϣʮֻԼǵΪһֱ츳ǰļ֮һ
·޿ɲ뾪Ƕ֧ҪһԱȥүү·ɽ֮ˡ
͸ǣҲҪʲô޺ˣֻǲǵõ·˵һߵͷ
ͷͷ˾ԶԶ׺һ֧СӺС
֧СӴӵǸ꣬ƺ·зĶӣ·ɡ֧Сһ·Ҳͣ٣һֱ룬ǵ󣬳·޶ˣΪʮ˵СţȻһѾ̽ˣһ˭Ҳͣһֱߵʱ֣һ˼Ĵȵͣ
ʪأȥɵģʮ׾ٿˣ·˾һɢں߸ŵڣʮҲϰΪˣû˶ᣬ˷ֳ֧СĶ飬ֳ棬ɢȥˡ
ʲôҲû𣿡·һλ׳һ֧˶飬СжֵŮЩɫȻһСˡ
ôᣬû˵ѾҵֻҺ˯ףĪģëʺûٷأͨʿ˵Ѿ˿ǣעǣһֻֻһȺأ
˿Һߵһ磬ɵ˵Щʲô߰ɣһ˾Ϳˡ
˺ٺһЦӦһ˵ҾͿЩƨ壬˶ڣİСƾʲôôռˣͨҪ˶֪ǿЩˡߵĶ˸ţòҲһ¡
·޺ٺһЦ˵ԣ͸˺棬һͬС
ó󵽴ɼҲûκε·ģһȥһˮ
СֵܣӺǲǲģһ·Ǹͨһ·ͬ·˵
ǣ˵ˣҲûб£͹Ҳڴǰ淢ǸʲôҲ粻
ôˣλүүҲˣ㿴ŻҺǰǸɿţͼʵݵģ۾ʱٲǵһݾǡ
ʲô۾·һ㶡
۾𣿰ǰңҵ󣬾ͷźţǹȥһͬͷƣȻͷܣ˭ܳȥˣǮҹУзݣǲǺá
·޵ͷʵǵԼôҪǿϧˡ
ϧӣ룬һѡΪɽĶΪǸʲô𣿺Ǻǣŷĵռһ룬ֻһЩλǰߵļŻ뵽ǸáƽˣǸ߼ף˲ʦ㵽ˣᵽȥŪӻʵڡ
·ͷһ˵һ룬ԭֵȣ뵽ϰӣЩСҲʹظˣᷴԽԽڡ
Ǻǣϸ磬ȥɣҺȻһ£ûȥһˡ·޺Ȼֹ
˵ͷ˵ҪߵҪСģ˵׻Ƽҵ˿ʼһЩСŻˡ
·޵ͷлʧһãȻͷһۣ˵ȥģ
ţ㲻֪ģﲻǣͷеˣͬʱǻߵҲǲЩ
·ЦǻȥȥɣǾԭصţ˭ˣǾ֣һ˿ɫǹͷͷһ¡
СӺݣһʦףһٸɵޣȻôģҪˡ
Űɣ
˾ѭԭ·ء
һأ˶˲÷ɿ죬ûϰʱһλصƽϡϺˬ
ƽϿҵ˲࣬·޴һߵһССѰһڣ֧кúϢһһ˯
һ죬˾˯һҹڸ֮εСĵĴ̽һջ
󣬺Ȼи˵ϢﲻһȵأһƬޱߵĺ֣ȴǻҺÿձʳʳݴֻһʳһʱƽϺȻһˣǸ־һǸеĺ֡
ҹ·ڿƽϣйһʣȻһǿܲд·һ㶣תͷȥһ߳ҽһ˫Ȼ۹
·һͷԼ·˹һЦ˵λСѣһ𣬲֪Σ
ͷһҲʮ⣬ͷȫףһ£һɷȣһ֪Ѱߡ
£·ʵ


081 
û£ֻҸлһ֪СпϾ񣿡
·һ˹ȥҲãȻҹͣҲ̫ˡ
˸ղŲҲǸʦ۷壬·һʦûһ۷ʦ̫ϡ
˽˴ʣֻһΣϰ˼Сˣ꣬پûʲôˣڶ˶ûС
·Щ죬˼Ƭ̣ȻˣҲͲףһ£һֻһڡȻһ
£ˬ죬кã˵ãúӣСѣﲻɾô
·һЦ˵һ֮ˣòô˼ҡ
һ㶣ͣκȻЦ˵úãСѼ֪˭ôҵаµ׻Ƽô
Ǻǣұ֪˭Ҹո˵ڸɽȻս׻Ƽҵ״׻ƽܣţŰɽ֪ǲǸ¡
Ǻǣ£Сѣˡ
·һ㶣ҲΪҪҰ
ߣͬһ֮˺Ⱦƣ㲻һô
·Щ׹һЦ˵ҷǵô
һ㶣ۿһᣬƽƽվ˴ûע⵽һ˫ǳҫĿɵһݡ
·Цһݣϰ꣬ȴֻһˣ뵽㡣οϻкɴ
ǰҺͿʱֵܣҲûȥˣͶҲһޣȻһ˻ȥɩӺӽС˵ǲǣ
ô˵׻ƼˣżɾôǸˡ
żɣżɣлСѸ̧һżںеһطֵҼһƬ֣û뵽Ǹط֮ءŰɽҡһҡͷһ䵽ǰ
ʮˣûһ˸߽ʣץһû뵽СѾȻԼˣԵ𣡡¶ǣйЦȴӨȻ
֣ʲôط·Ļʵ
ֵ˵ɽ֮ԼһᣬҲǽ֮ˣЩ˭νܱҴǿһ磬ֵһ飬׻Ƽ⼸һֱٹ죬û׼Ƿʲô˾ǵĺߣһֱһ죬ɽȥֵ֪ܱ˳ĹǳܱȣϣǾһֱûб˦ҲûбǷ磬һʮ߸ˣо׻ƽ׻Ƽҵļԣͬӵͬһ֪һֱһƬȵ֮У̽ͷһüһһƬ캣һĺ֡ǵʱȷһǻҺľϲֺΪʳҲ˵кֵĵطплҺĴڡ
ǿҺ·Щ
ȻûУٹһͻз֣Ϊ˺֣ǴھһʳġǾּĵţôЩ˷֣ܽܲܵõһ֣ҲüۡŪˣֻŸ˺Ͷǰߵ׻Ƽˣû뵽Ȼһ죬Ȼֲ֪ĳʮ׻ƼҵĵӣǴˣ׻ƼһֱﶵȦӣǾӦ뵽ӦǷ֣Ҳһɺ￴صģֻŶǰʮˣȴ벻ˣˡǡһ£˶ֵ˵Ĳĵطۼ׻ƼҾȻ֪ôڰǻ֮ʦ˼ӭУ˵ģǿǵ˼ɲֻץסǾ㣬ݷ˵һ󵶽ӣֵһս׻Ƽҵļֻһ߿ţҴۼȻ˵л޶С𣿡һû˵ܾ˵磬ֻܳȥߣϣ󣬡˵ôˣܲö˵һܳȥǾ㡣̽˵һɣȴǾˣûһвͬ˼
Űɽһʱ֮龰¡
ܺȻһس˴ԣʮ̳˸Ѫˣʱ䣬Ȼһ죬ôˣըһƬֵÿʱ屬ɵһ̣ⵤҩһܣһɵǲһ˿ˣ֮ǰʹ嵤ǲݵһԤԼֻжʮ꣬»鲻꣬ءһ۾ͨ죬һֽ˦˳ȥֵһһĳ׻Ƽҵ˴ϣÿһ󣬾ҵһ顭һ·񱼣ֱصҾһ룬У¾ôˣҾɽߣһ˾ͰϢǣҪ£˽֪һûʱǺǣ˲֪µļûˣǲȤֱһʱ֮ǰǰһ룬˵Ǽе׻ƽܷ»ֻҪһ˸ԼһСƽǺǣ벻Ǻܿңǲǣҹһ
˵ţһڶ£ˤڵϣվ
ֵܣʶһ㽫ҼĴ֮ｻҵŮһвнͶֵܰɡ
˵ŴĻͳһСС˫ֵݵ·ǰ·һ㶣̲סʵ⾿ʲôҾͲû𣿡
һЦ˵ֻһףСѲȤģǼ˵ȴޱûһҲزȥˡ
ԭڹŹס𣿡·ơ
Դɽ£ԭиżׯģǲǼĹҲգ԰ˡ
·ް˰֣Ȼ˵ҲǼʮˣ׻ƽܵһ仰ôҿûȥҲûܽӵˡ
Űɽһ㵣Եһ


082 Ҫ
ôǣ˵ǲŹһСģ
·޵Ȼ˵ҴСڴг󣬶ĿȾ˵ĹдѴһܾһµģż£һ׻ƽܾ;˵ģüо˲С벻֮󣬶Ȼһǿ˶һѪϴģûһֱܻյʡģأ۶ĿŶԷ
ŰɽһУˮϴ˵ǰǻģӦõ
һʱ䣬ƣ˶оòˡ
Ҹô졭Űɽа˷һֻϣˮ䵽Ľϡ
ˣҪġ·˵
߲ѡ
ȥԼ
Űɽ˵úǼѣ˵ͬʱȾ
һѾ¾ȥˣͲ£µǣἫ֮ܵ֡
ΪǸô·޺Ȼ
Űɽһʣǰٲ
·ţһ˵ҲﲻģҲһķɵˣѡ
Űɽ˻Էûһ˿ͻȻĴϲһǿܳ۾һ̧һ׹ֱλϵ·ϡ
·ѹ֮£ȻҵһֱȫܶóˣһȻĿ
ŰɽȻˡ
˵òᳬʮ꣬ΪԼһʦ۷ǰݵͬһˮһ˿û
ϵĺ˲
·̾˿˵·һһ°ɣȥһᣬ
ŰɽŪ仰˼ڵϿͷ̧ܴͷʱѪ죬ˣҺΪ
·һЦ˵ոջҪأ·ɡֻ˵һ䡣
Űɽóһװ·޽ԼĻۻĹڱѰ˸ñӣͷϡ
˸һñ¹£ϡܿüԶﲻס
СŰɽ˵
һģǻȥɣ·˵
˻һ֣Űɽתߣ·޻
һṦ·޾ִƮǸԼصϹȥ
Զ˾ûںڰ
ţ·ҴææһˣҲһ˼ĸ··ֻýԼͷһ£һ㶣عͷ·޵Ŀײһ
ףǡʣȴ·תͷߣʩչߵ÷ɿ졣
ƽѾˣʮһֱŵĶͻȻüĿһĻ˵˻ǰ컹ҹȿֺıߵǴȵءð벽ͻֿտա·нһʩչˮһ·ӰӣƬ̴ƽڣһɽϡ
磬ɽһ
·޶סΣ˹ȥҲһĿ
ˣ˵
ţ·޵ͷʶ̽ȥȴûоʲô˲õơԷһһףƺǸе׻ƽ׵Զˡ
·ûҷɽ䱸Ѿǵ߳ɡ
һɫѾĽϡ
һʼû㶯ֻ֣붯ò׻ƽһ׷ӵϷԼؼĲһ˼ܣȻɹĿܻ
һû뵽ϻûиۿģڶû뵽ԷĸоʾͲĶ֣֮ǰ״Բһˡ
˭·һ㶡
ҷܳҪ㵽ֵȺ翴㣬岻
ͻ·޺һͷӦ˵صʡˣȻܲǸ׻ƽܣǸ鷳һҲװʲôŰɽˣֱʧ£Ҳûã˽㾡ˡ
һֵһ˵СɫȣǸҺҪ׻ƽҪɵΪ˵ȵôص˴²ɵ֮ǰ಻ǲʦڵĴץŰɽɱʵֻһһ¡
˵꣬Ҳ·ޣһתԭʼȥˡ
·ٲ飬չˮһӰӷһдС
ʥѾһˣ˵ںֻϣ·Ϣթƽϼ̽һ¡нߵóȫһ͸Ϲ˼ţΪڶߵһ·ּ㼣ܺñϣ·ͻȻһʽӡۣ̤ͬĲӲһ£һ㼣еĺ˶׾룬еһ׿⣬Ȼײһġ
Щչͬһȥˡ
·һ㶣ζ·ʲôأ
˳㼣һ·׷ȥ
㼣ʱʱ֣ʪȲͬʱҶоͿһ·ҵ¹£һֱ˶ʱȻһԼԼĴĻ֮
·α̼ʧԭء
һƬɽڣȻ·޵ǰ˭뵽޾ĺȻһСɽСɽƽƽĺܰСˮںڵȻɵһ˷ܡ
ǰһŴ򶷵ķ·һֱһȵǰʮ·ֹס˺
ɵһƬ˵ģжʮˣѾ˺ܳʱ䣬ϵѪѾˡ
žһһ֣һŮ׳սȺһһµŮϳ˴ԣѩһ硣
ʮˣΧĸŮӣòɿ
·޵۾ûһ뿪ǼŮӵϡ


083 
ȫû·м䲿֣ΧһƿһƤҰŮӣ޵ŮӣһǾ껪ɢˮһϸôĵطܴ󣬸ͻĵطͻмȴСüãˮһÿһ˶ʫԡ¹ϣֱͬɽľ飬ƴɱֱ赸һ㡣
·ԣصʱǰһƬôɫһʱﻹˣͷ͵ֱֱǼ壬˼άҲûˡ
ĳƴɱɽײ֮Ҳˡ
ڵˣս˫һͳһĬǾǾ˵
ʮУΪǿһõأÿһ㾡ȫƴಫһôǹֱЩټսĴǹڴʱȴʢǹ⴦ɫ˳߶೤ÿһ¶ڴǹǰһ޴ǹ󿪴ϣŮûһ˸ֱӽӼĴǹġһ֣ȴߵһּεһֻܽųˮĹ⻪ǰӳһƬӨ⡣
ĶӵܣŹ壬ţʵڲ֪кŮźãŮӶǺ飬һһܣ߼Ľ߽׵ͬһԣŮʹʽһģһ
ĸŮʹĶһּ似˺ϳһлӦʮνƣҲֻڽת޷ͻȥ
ֶ˰ʱһСģнء
·ע⵽ԭŮͣһֱ֯һ֣ڹĽһγɣѾһܵľѰ϶Էֳһ˿
Ĵ򷨣ȥԷֻʣߣڲ֮صʰҲֻǸʱ⡣
ܿģ˵ء
˵غҲȻûˡ
·һȺһŮӵĿ⣬
ĸŮħ
ءܵһѹ·һԿȥﲻ֪ʲôʱվһˣһ£˫֣һվ·˺ܾˡ
Ҳ˷ôפ¹£սȦӲʮԶ鵭Įûһǰֵ˼
ֵ˫ȻûϹԷһҲǲǵѣһǿ϶ģ˾ûĿģÿһ˶һĿġ
ʱһһȥǰЩͷˡʣһֱ֧֣µӵȫڵϣҲκ
ȫѪ
еһͻȻеѣһְɣ⼸Ů֪Һ䡣һͬץסǾܱ˵Һ䡣
˺һ˵áǰ
¹£ֻּһ֣һֻ߰볤ܸӳϡһ˲ʹÿ¶Ϊ֮һߡ
·һޣһ׻ƼҵˣֻȻ׻Ƹ̫࣬ܵõֻӵԴͷӦþ׻Ƹ
˭أ
ǸϾ͸ǡǡ׻ƽܡкϲԣЩɬ
˺һ˵ԣ̼ԭ֮أǧǾȻҲһߣʺһԣ̴ͷһ°ɡ
˵ŴǰлܸȻһƬ⣬һûʹߺɺһͷڵϡͬʱ䣬Ƭһ磬ӵһһһһǿʮ֣ǻ⾭ĵطϾһ˻ΪƬڵϡ
ֻһգ۹߼ͬһ磬ˡ
ʲô似·һ̵𺳣似˷ܣʵ벻һܡ
ĸŮһ㶣һͬóһɫķһֵĳһָ죬һָأһָһָңĵĿͬʱ׻ƽϡ
׻ƽһЦ˵·ɣֻҪҺԲɱǡûһ˿¶ȣóͷǶԣʲôϧͷ
һ㶣һۣһһãˡ
ĸڣҰһͬͬһһȥٶȷɿ졣
Ȼ׻ƽ׷˼ûСֻǸֿţͬһֻèڿһֵֻֻһ˿Ϸʡ
ӰͬʱŮǵ·ϣŮһת򶫣Ҳ˱һʱ䣬ӰĴ֣߳·޲Զĵط߳
ûзַڳ·ޣֱֱȵм䣬ĸŮΧ档
Ůܲ͸磬һʱҲŵͼӣΧȦԽС϶׻ƼҵĴޣҲǰ
û֣ʩѹĸŮѾ䤱һš
ߣ־ܣ׻ƽЩŭˡ
Ůֻǳǿ趯
׻ƽܺȻܸһֻͻȻֳһֻڵģһ߰ķܡôƵķܣ·޻ǵһμ񱬵ֱ֮⡣
ԣͬͬ׵ܸ޷֮⡣
׻ƽܾͽֻܻȻ÷ܽˡ
Ҷ£ް㼼ɿԣһ磬һ߰Ļܴһһ׵ܹⲨƿǸ
䡭
һ֮£ĸͬʱһͬһȥ
أ֧˰գֻҲмѪɵ¡
ȻһܶܵػѾһλһ׵ľ룬ܼȼΧĿһθӵ£ֱܷŮƤˣʹëȫխСÿ
һ̣Ůеֻû̧𣬶ͬһģͬһʱֳǵɫܶܣӭȥĸϸ޳֫ͬʱչ¹ͬξ
䡭
ɫܶĿǰСãһ
ŮӣֻɫСܶܣûһۼͬʱڵϣͬʱվͬʱиѪǵ
˱˴֮һԵһЦͬʱ
㣡㣡
㣡á
㣡ã
ãã
Χǵʮͬʱһ㶣ڸʲô֡


084 
һ곤һЩŮӣѾСµƤͳһҩɿķС˼ͬʱȥۼѾˡͬʱˮ
㡭
ΧţͻȻһĻϤ
ż
ɵ
׻ƼҵĶͬʱȻС
Ȼɢ׻ƽһ֡ϴεĺһսʮи֣һʼͬаǳԾ˿ͷ
ȦӺȻɢ˿ϱɫһֻܶ˳
׻ƽͬһ׻죬ܴǣ˷ֻܶյøʢǵĿѾֳɱȻ޷ץǣֻɱǡ˵ĿŮϡ
滨꣬ŮӶóԼֻɵ
һʼͬаҪһöҩһû·ɻءݡ
ãʮ갡ȥһһȡһϸŮӣϵĵҩǸŮһ㶣ͶС֣ͺµòҰ׵СӵûѪɫ¡
㣬һͬȥɣǱǻһչҡ
ɵã˭ǽӣǿ⻨簡һȥˣסǵġһֱͷܣܵǶͲˡ
㣬ǲҪ
ɿֹȥᣬǶѾЦŽֻССĺɫĵҩȥ
ߡһ޷Ȼһֻɫܽγɣɵ£Ȼһ࣬ɫĽǰ׻ƽϡ
ˮôǺɫأ·һֱ벻׵⣬׻ƽöһӹ׹
ڡֻܱϴֻ񱩵Ļܶһ˲䣬ȻеĻѣࡣ
ˣȻö׻ƽܳŭȣϺһת˲ԭӣϻһգһֻӿֲܸϡүүĵؼɣ
һŭһֻܸѾǰǰʮǸ壬֮ڶһƬһĸӰ֮Сû·ûǰ·޴ӣǵؼ߽׸ĸӡ
ͬһֻԡˣ͵һ̣չʥ࣬Բõһ棬绨һʵĹΣһЦһЦóеȫ޷ӡϵһڵȼˣ屻ȫȫС
֣ҲӦݡ
ԡɵͷ
˵ͬ׻ƽܵЦ
׻ƽȻ򣬵Ѿˡ
䡭
ˡ
һ츫Уâıˡ޴Ȼһ£纣˰Ŀ׻ƽ״޵˳ȥֱɳʮ⣬ڵϣ·飬һѪǱίڵϣһʱ
ȥ
һ׻ƼҵĴޣ׻һܶȻٱеú󱳡
ˣأǺǡһЦԾӭСõ׻죬ɵĽһʱһ
׻ǰֳĽѵһ֮£ַܶ򽣶ܣͬʱֳһֻܵСͬʱ·죬߼ĽȻȫ
䡭
飡
ž
ӣ׻ĳ£ˣԾٶȻҪһ
׷ֳ˵Цݣһǣнеǣˡ
䡭Ȼһһ绨ڡɳ価϶˼׻Ƽҵʬ塣
ûٸѭȥķ׷ȥͬʱٵķɢǸЦ绨վʧķһĿǡŹȵ׻ƼˣϲҰףĿͬһصħ
ˮһ·񱼣а̵ĳɣƬ̵ĵ飬ÿһʱ䶼ĸõġ
һ·񱼣СɽСɽѾСͱ˩һҲֻҪϵԣܰЩɶ񵽼ĵȫ˺顣
Ȼһ̣һӰϢĳǰĿյϣһ˫Ŀаа£ֻˣĿͿ޹˼ɣʮɬ
һ屩ƵĴ˹Ҳˡ£ʹġ
ĵǣһǿ̫ϳˣǿűɵҲ㣬һлȥˡ·ֻܻţζҪš
׻죬ʮĳޣʱܷӵ˼£ٶҪϡͬ飬Ըʱ˿ɫԵ۾ϸϸƷζСķˡ
һֻСߣĺɫܽõϡûܶܣ˵ܶ磬ҲҪʩչֻܷ֡ȴҪɱ˵ġ
һ˫ۣĵŶԷ
㲻ҪҺһֱҺ棬װûŶԣ㲻ǾܿǵĻҺ𣿡޺޵׻졣
׻һǣһаĻȳǣ˵һûأСѾͷһˣɱһֻ˵Цһû̶ֳȣõͬ鶼һȥ
ߣΪǶܴùҺôİɣܰǶ˺飡
ҪȣǼһǧ֣Ҫģ֯˼ֻ˿Ĵÿֻа׿£ǧֻҪ˺һ֣Ǹһﻹóôô˵ҲֻǸ࣬߾ʹٶ֣ÿһѵģΪʲô֪û˵еùǻû뿪ԭǵĸĶ֡


085 һĺ
׻Ѿߵǰ״վסˣѣ͸¹⣬ܿСϵļϸĺë
ļһ˿Ͼãĳ¶ʹֳһֵĽɫϸܽ£⻬ͬŴˮԡ¹棬ϸþӨ͸·ܿõѪܣֻŷСأһȭСӲӲСͷۺۺ죬е¹˼촽յȥϹԵļƷһڣԡ
׻ʱľ
۷ų𣬺ݺݵĿСϣҲת𴦡
ʱתʮ׻죬һֱһӣֱһοˮ£ǻȻδ
Сһͱ°ɽУ߶ŮӣûùʲôԣСû·ʮ֪Χһ߲ôһδʡµСҲĿеа
һ˿߷߸Сûһ˿覴õա
治ҪͻȻ˵һ䣬˵ԣûһöеġ
׻ٺһЦ˫ֻ꣬˫ּȻӿ˳ûγκܱȴֳֶһֻһָ߼ͽ似Ѫצ
ֳһߴСֲܵȼš
Щ»û˽㣬׹Ǹʲôʱ벻ˣҪҪ̽ѽ
һξٲǰ֮Ѿڶ֮ڡڶԷǿǰСС·ֱøСЩãסʵΡ
С߼֣ɫ֮ܽľ룬ݡǣ
СɳѪצϣǵһ·һϣСѽð硣
һ˿Ц¶׻ϣ΢ֻ޴ѪצָȻһ£Сϸǹȥ
ǡ
Сצ±飬˲Ρ
һһȭɫܴһڹ⡣
׻ֻ޴צȭӭȥžһСϸֱһֳһʹ࣬ǺˡһŤȭ·ӣ΢ΣһȭȴС
׻ֻһӣǰһܷ磬Сõȭͷ䵽δһ¾׵ĵȥˡ
ıΧ׻ȭԽӵĹ죬·ѭ
׻ֻǼ򵥵һӣͽĪȭ⡣ҲֻͬŪһֻŭСһŶ֡
žһһȭצϣ׻һЦ
û뵽ֻʣһˣǸ󣬾˵ز׻ƶǱǸЩ
һף˳ЩããȻվסһʱ䣬ĻмȥŶԷһЦ߹ֻԹ㣬ıɵȻͬͬھ׷һͬߣöôá
һЦ׻ߣѪצǰһϣһִֻϣĦ
СЩɵΪһСϿϲ
ɱҰɣȻ˵
׻ҡͷת˳Ĳϣһֱߡ
ˡСͻȻĿֻǸΣҲǰģĽã˿ȥȴǸʵʵڵˡѿˡ
ֻ·Ϣһֻ޻һ·ɫܷĽ
׻ͷתһµ˼ûС
ˣ
Ц˭ȫµʮ⣿ǸްٳҲǸܿɹޡ
ʹթ
ǺǣСҩɾˣɰ⸱ӣҪ
ѾСϣеĴֵ壬Ŀóңȫǳ
Сû뵽Ӷһ£ŵķ֣ˣһֻɫֶܵ˷ɿɣӶ
·һֱ׻ı󣬲ŽȻӿǿѰʦʮľһɵÿ쵽˼¡
׻Сϵһֻ֣Ȼһ٣ȵ˲ʧɫԾȫĻתԭת˹һжˣһ̵ֻŻ壬ɫֱĺ͸Ϊʬ˵䵽ϣѪĽһء
·һɣ˸һģѪ
ɱˡ˵
·޵ͷ
ĿһʱûСɬյû
һü죬ϵͳҲ⣬ҲȫȻǰȻһֱԼŲ۾
̫ˣʫ续
ÿһͻԣÿһת۶ǡۣÿһ鰵Ӱøʫ˷һ񾭡ƴɵ뻭棬κε޷һڻƽָѵС
СȻ̾һ󡭡
˵һ䣬ͼɽȥ
·ʧǵںţʱѾٿϵ񾭻ΧϸԲ
һᣬСȻ˵ٸˣҵ˺ģò˵ġ
·޲졣
ŶһֱҵĻҺС˵
һֻ˺˵ľްԵޣ쿪ôС֣·
ҲҪʲôˣȥ㱣·˵
仰κһЦϼ졣㲻ҪţŵĻǸĹ
Сͷ۾ͷ˵лл㣬Ը⿴ģһſҪء
㲻᲻ô·˵
ҪΪҵļ㱨𣡡Сһңӿ
ӿ˽Ų
ԽԽ죬·ȴԽԽǳءɴѾʮٵǽӽܵĲǿ֮ҽֵļ·޴ʱʶѾԶԶһ۷壬ʶӦ
˿׷ˡ·޽ĿǰŤ޳壬Ҳ治Ǹ£һԽԽ࣬һĺã롣


086 ̼
ôʱ̣뵽·ҲŪԼôġ
ûаģСͷһ˵
аɡˣʮɣǸǶжԶ·ʵ
òˣǽüҵͰ˩ǣҵһֻһͬȥû뵽
˵Һﲻһֻ·ЩͷʹɽǻҺֹ֧õһֱֻ롣
Ȼ඼ȺӵģһʮֻأܳǵÿϵǶ
·һͷʹ
ҿǸϲǶˣǡ·ֹ
ʲôСֻĴֱӹ
ұ㡭·ӰһһȣһΪԼĻеѿ
ͱҰɡСȻ˵ֻнǡ
Сվ
·޼ѵ˹ȥͷһֱţҲСһۡ벻ףһŵŮһ·ǰΪʲôȻز·𲻴·ķ·һ
аа
·ǰ£СϷıϣ·һ˫ֺȻȻ쵽һСеһŴͣһˡ
ССƨƨ
ͲϷֳһƨƨϴȥףʵѲ˶°·޸̾
ø磬һͬȥССƨƨ·޵΢
·޷ѾشһһͬŵĲżе岿λŻ𡣺ܿϾʪ
̫ˣ·ޣƨƨˣɡ·źţһ
Ϊʲô·̲סʳ
ûô·𣿡ʡ
û˵ﶼˣһ¾ߣһٸãû˭ΪʲôԣС綼ϰˣҿǴܱŤأ磬öһܲҪҲ˰ɡ

ѡ
˺ģˬˬڣûʲôʲôΪ㣬ɹӰϴ谡ܷ㣬Сͷ·޵ļ࣬·޵ǽϣżͦడģůֵСһĵ㣬һִȻŮϲҵõ㣬¶ˡ
Ҫðˣ·ûܼˮ˳¡ҸҪǣ£ͻһÿһ粽ӾĦ˿ӵĴ̼͸Ȼһǹͻ·޵ǰ
ǰ߻ʲôˣȻˡ
·޺¡
ҲѣҲӦôЩȻһ׷ˣӣЦġ
·˵һͨЩʹˡ
ûУûЦңǺϲҴ٣ǺܰСЩƵ˵
Ŀ֮£ǸеĿĲֲɵӡ
Ǹʲô֣ΪʲôǶץҲúһ𣿡
·һѣһʱ뵽˺ܶ⡣
û֣ĵһСش
˿̣·޲ŽܴڼһһѾﵽԶ϶û˿ͣ͡
ʶڸղŵһԣѾֽ˶ʮסʮ׵ľ룬һ۷תۼ
ΪʲôҪ˵СĻЩ˵
ţ·һʱûס
ղ˵ץǣôֹͷֲСӵԡ
Ǻܺãǲǣ·޷
ǣҵһġǳõģ书ÿµ׻׵ĵҩԣǺֵǮģԼ᲻óԵһС˵ţͬһŮ̸ǵһ
·ҲǲףΪʲôǸһֱҲûˣһ˿Σյĸо
ָоܲ
ǶŮӣ˻ǵһ𣿡·ʡ
ȻǣǾõģܳкӣڸɻ£ɽץɽӸҺǣʳСú˵
·޽һ
̵ģǸħ
˰̬һԼµһ¾ǰԼӽӣֻðĴŰԼ˺顣
̬·޺޺˵˲Ҿͺܺô
ģ֪ô£һ۾;ǺˣҵġСĻ˵
Դˣ·޷ǳͬ
һ·񱼣·ڵٶȣȻһˣЩ˵ľ롣
Сﲻʱָ£·һɽ£жʮףѾһ쳹ʵ˻

˻ƺֱ˾ͱߡ
·ޱϵСһı£һ㱼ɽҡ
ɽҼʮأһѪɫϵ棬һ˾͸һԳϡ
ԳףͨëĿһڵֲɢɽþȫһͷϵһž޴ӡʮڣϵĽְʸ
ϵм࣬һ壬ʹƤڣһʱֻԽԽѪϡҺһѾצ鲻ֻΪһѪһֱ޷ѳ˵ĹƤëҲѾ˴תļ׷ΧʪȫѪҺ
ۼһӣѾȥ˳ɣһλĿݵ꺺ָ˽һֻչ˿ػصĲ棬Żٸһ
ƺģ˩ţȻҪǲġһ˵
˵·Ҷ֧Ĵ·Դ˾·з硣·зͷЩɻһǸһǸƽߡĿһֱעһϡ
һϣվµһŮӣһ󵽿µĳëӣǹάã˵ãʵѳɻ鼸ʮıףֻǳƺһֱûиı䡣ھ֮ϣȻվȻߣÿһа꣬żأտտ˷粻ϣŵĿСƴޡ


087 Ժڽ
û似ȫƾıս̵ľܸǵĵܣȻȻɱҲɱĻɿֲܣȻʹú似ޣһͷβĶħ
Ѫħ
ܵĻһӣצֻɲײһؼн似ڽʵʵڵ˻ҺľצצֻŰܺڻʹצ϶ŷͬצŵһöܵצ䱩ѿ
䡭
໡
ҺһУޱԶͣά֧һߴԶ߸߷ɣֱʮ⡣
ҺֻצѪ죬Ѿȱȫˡ
ȻһȭѾһ׵ĺϡ
ž
ʯһȭûκ谭Ļ棬ƣ޴Ȼ˼𣬻Һǰعͷһֻצ˹ȥ
䡭
ڶȭײ·ɽһһɳףɫѿվס
һͬʱŴڳ˵֧£ɹ˻ҺͷٴסòбĶֻϸӳĵҲܷžһѪҺ
ػͬСŮϣȥСɵܻܶһִ˵ӺġǵֻûصܣͻȻģǰһˣͬԭվǰһ㣬һûüгѱ˵һȣٶ׵ľ޴ӣصأͬǸӰѾһŻӰ˲仮׵ľ룬ͻأĳһλִǰһȭٱӳأһͿŷϰ죬ɵŰµӰһִǰ֣ͬŵģءһһ𡭡
أءһʱ䵹˲ٷˣһʮִȺɹ˻Һͷǵĳ뵶һͬ顣
ҵϣ䣬ҺѾѳİΧ˻ų˴ԡ
żô
άŭһһֻڽɲѾ·޵ǰġ
άӵĽŹóĻڹά֧֮ϣС㣬ļƷһֻűͬŵĹö࣬˵ҲûΪʲôףʮʱԺоʯϾһӡЩȻڡ
·һüͷһֻˮײȥ
䡭ȻһӣˮһһľܣܴܾҪȥˮеһ棬ӵ쾡£ÿһһܵʮˮȥʯһžˮǰ¡
ϵļ޶һ㶣ôˣʻˮ
һŻеκһˣҪ˳ԶпܽӵȥʮˣȻȻĽһûˣϣһǷĿξľ֣Ѿǿܻάӡ
άһ㵳֣˫ǰһ棬˨һȭ䡱һһ䣬˵һҽٴηβųȫܵĺڽѣɫܻĽŶγһźīĻ棬Ľײ·ޡ
֪Сӣһ£ף
һźëףŤͬսٵС۾׹һС㡣
δ··ܲü塣ѾЩʹСһţκһܱƿһеĳ
СġСŮһ
·˫üһšһɺȻɣôţ𣿲һƫҪ㡭
ܶܺȻ˻ȥ˾ĿУƽƽĴһȭֱڽѵһȭκƣûȴʵĸ߼߽׵ξһǧľѾ˵ؼغ䣬һؾƽƽӭȥ
ά֧Цˣ̫ˣһ˵ȭͷͲһ󣬺οԼֶ߳ǵؼĺڽѣȻһƽƽȭȥֻȭͷǷ
·ֶҲһҡͷͬʱĿһͶֻȻ۾˲ȫ̰·𿴵ĲһֻޣһöرƱڵһöҩ԰һλ۷壬ıݣ뵽µľ磬ʥ֮Сʱ·ҾͲǳ֧Ƕ֧Ҫƹܼˡ
һ֧ȨǶ֧УζصҩƵļҲƣ߼ģؼ似߽׵Ļױߵȵլʹͣһٲǿ֧ɫ£һж֧бƽʱֺĳֻ֧ĬĬţһĵûС
ȭδһܲѾͬڽѵܻӵһ
䡱Ȼ죬һؾΣϸǿĵڶϡ
ǡ䡱һڽѵܻһڶ顣
ѹʱֱӲϣغϵһͲصǸ֮߳ϵһ䣬ĺϳɵһغ䵽ʱܿóٱ
ȭѾӵһǡ䡱һʵֻһһ˵ģһһ졣
¡
·һŤָ󵽱۹֮䣬ּι֮䣬ֱ۷·Ȼ˼磬һʹӹ֮䣬֮䣬֮䴫۵ϱɫ
ĺˣһһֱʮԶվס
еľﵽ˼㡣һ֮Ȼ׻Ƹһ֮
ںȻлͷάʱϵľѾɽˡ
άӷɳʮ⣬һڵأҪԷһ䣬ŵĽϣʹ˲ӽĴֱࡣܹܻ˵ĽģСսУֻйΣԷǿϵʮĴޣԷֻȥʮ꣬ҴһȭҲûơ
άҽһգҪվסĴλҪϼڻֿ죬
ˡһ˾ˣ
ٿǸ˵Ŀ˳ء


088 
ά֧۴һӣһ֧ɫֶܱˡ
ǻһֻţһֻͬ͵ܽšάҵĸ߽ܱ֪˶һݣʮ߽꣬ױһγͷʱԵĲʲô˲õһ·ëͷСӣûϵˣļҲ
ʮδ۷ŭˡ
ǰһʯϣʯм׷ɡһ̧㣬Ѿɹʮ׵Ŀռ䣬еĺڽѻ˳ȥ
һ֤СӺƵ𣬵ֿأ·ʵȴ֮Ψֲ
һδһ£һӲ
һһţֻͬʱֳֻܶܣˮȣľں˫ӭ·Żھʹеұۣȫ˹ȥ
߰ЩЩ
䡭ؼڽһˮܣˮ£ȻĻһƬˮȥˣһֻľܾ͵ǰ
ǡأ΢΢һٵĽδˮ䵽ľϡ
һӨӶӴ֣һ˿Ѻۡ
䡭
Өǣά֧۽һҲһ͵ͨ졣һ̣ܻܶȥˡ
һĽĿһֱ䣬ֻ첲ˣǵֳһ˷ܡ
ǣ
ţ
סˣڶԷ첲֮ϣڽͣƤ档
һɫķܶܣͻأĲŵĳ֮ĺڽ·޷˺󣬴

һľιȫһóܣ˭ĳˡعŹӵ˫ҲֻһӵľҲڶôһ˰ı󣬻һʲôļ壡
һ
ʱգܵСпֲ츳˲ǵѣǵĶͷһ̫ڿµˡ
ʱҺѾһνһ·ҵץצУһֻצҲѾĺϣֻһͻΪء
·ɽеķŭѾ㣬һ֧ʦﵽ󳬹ĳҪٵĻмγϾ˫ʮĴᣬϵ֧֧һ׼ʮķؼʱ̣Ҫľʤݲðʤ
еһ֧ɳǸ°ķҺֻצͬʱķ𣬷Ŀֶγһֻﵽߵܵҹһ͸ĵüγڵϣӶ䣬Хһи߼߽׵ķնЮֻ֮Ĵ
ٿ͵˻Һǰ˺ʱֻһſĸ֮ģѾֻ˺ԷͻȻĳӦϾʹۿۡ
ۡһ£Ѫһ𣬳Ȼ͸͵Ƥһ洩˹ȥ
ҺһУצһ٣һֻޱȻ·ҵӣ糵ְĻӶȥһֱӭֻѽԵĸ߼ն
·ɽǱŭгּ֣ܵĳſѴﵽһշĵĵزۼΣֻһĸ߼似ȻӲ˻ֶȻʧһһ֣ȴǶָͻֻĺﾦڷܵƶ£һβߣѾڰյˣƾ֮߾
˽кãһֻ۾
ϹӾͺðˡ
ָֻĿȻҺһĴͷһž˿ֻ޴˳Ȼȥ
ȫǱܶԽԽ⧲
·ɽһĿԲָͻֻһֻϣһѾһ㣬ͷϷ˹ȥһֱԾʮףžδס塣
ͷһֻѾ˦ĺôһֻޱ۾ͽӳɷ糵״ǰӡϢȫޣѾã
·з磬ŻĹάӣܱ֣һĹΪӣͶá
Ŀһת·ɽ۹䵽Ǹ˳ϡ
޲ޣܶĶ񵽵ġ
ʮ·ɽ۹ûһ飬ɫݣǸһֱֻۣҧ´ͬ顣
䡭
ŷԣ·һ󣬷ѭά֧۵࣬һֻһغ䣬бб䡣˵˵ҸУһСɽһܽһأѹ󵽴ʱѾԶԶܵĶ
ߣ
һά֧ۻӶĻܽţֱӭϡ
ӣǡ䡱һ졣
·һηת
ֱλ۷භ
һ£ʩչʦΪ̫࣬ʦֻάְʱͷţͷźִֻˡ
һߴ򶷣һһ£ǲǸ÷һעҪսԼٴδڰȵҺȡŻһһЩ
ײʦʦ·һԿ϶ҪӵĻû׷һġ
ùά֧۷ǳԻ𣬱ߴܵĶһʹıơĺɫȻȶԷǿö࣬һýŵĸ֣עص̵ĳһ֮ʯ˵谡
·ȻнʮĶүүһǸСȥĿȻܱһƵĶүү
һ۷壬ѵز
ͷһʱ䵽㣬ЩۡܶһС֣ôԼĸ׻˿ô
߹һһֽһεĵڹά֧۹ܽϣһһˡ
ʱ·ɽѾСŮߣһֻץݼ硣
СŮһһܽһӣ


089 ܻô
·ɽֺһɨܷǰСΡ
һֻһļ米ʵһץһʦҲҪΪѣСŮֻһĺˡ
·شһ˫ֱֱά֧۵ı
άֻ֧ñһת
һȺΧž޺ƴɱЩѾ׼ֻǶʮ⣬ʲôҲûС
תά֧۱·޵ľٶŪһ㶡
ҫѾ·һϣһ£һԲ˫ֻĻγɡǸԲǵһ
ǣ
ɫԽɫԽܲԽ񱩣ײžܱԲϷ
ܶ
·һȡѵõĿ϶ؼ˫ɣͷ˳ȥ
ռǰһŤܶһ񱩵ڣһ׷Բһݡһ˲ʮ׵ľ룬ӹά֧ߴֱֱ·ɽıġ
ά֧ʶһ㣬ɲΪԼɽ似ǱܿãͬʱҲ似ĿƺԼ
ѾСŮ磬·ɽճһצȻǸŭĴҺԼͶ
ȻģǿʶѾȷĸ֪Σգٿػعʹɵüһ̣˫۴ɣ˫ּѵƳһֻ߳ķܣ˫ͬʱһŵһΪȫڵһʱɣѶѾļޡ
ݡ
ƿһеķˡ
·игʼһеıһеۣһڶԴӷϵٴûۿԼĶүүһкҡһβͣλ̧Ƥ˰죬Ѿûˣô
ܶ÷ܵģǰһֽãܣɵһֻ˿ɽһķܣڽ˷ܶ󣬼ٵĻȥתķֻһգ䣬ܾʧϣƿһеܶӵӱȫѾ޵ؿϡ
䡭
·ɽһ·Ѿʮ⣬ؾûһ¡ûԶʾһʾãһأֻվǶ˭ҲֵûУûһҪ۵ġ
ȫˣ
һƷ֧ΪĿ۷壬Īһؼźûˡ
һĻڳ˶ˣ˭ҲŵģһëͷСӣһά֧ŴСʦȻһ似һ嵱һλ۷ɱˡ
жɲ
ͬ޺һ似ʹ˶ֹġ
¸һȺÿһĻŴлָ׻ƽܸϵ·ɽߣϸѾһࡣòˡ
̧ͷֻҺ۾һɻҩʱܷӵܻǳȫһ룬СҲˣ롣
Щ·˺͹άأʹͷʹһ⡣
ҺǾڱġ
вٵӣʦһģ޳ֻиһֱ͵ļ峤ϣ׻޻ᣬ˽״ޣ۷ֻһ֮ңȽ϶ԣҪǿԼޡֻһֱԸͷ¶棬ҲһֱһС׻޻屲׻ƼҵΨһһλʥ۷׻޵ֵܡ
ǹά֧ڳһλ۷塣׻ڣԱ֮£Ҳû·ҵǿȨһʱ֪Ǻá
õİ취ǵȵⳡƴɱȻۿʤɣǸ·СӣҲΪֻҪٷŵһޣʣµ¾ͺðˡ
һ˾վһ⣬ۿ˫˺ɱ
·зѾ˶ԻҺĹ˵ǰֻһ۾Ѿ޿ɾҩˣסһᣬȫܾǸһͬά֧սһ·ߣһֻһҹ·޵ͷ
ά֧ܽٸ·ٴεĻᣬʱ佫Ǹֲ似
·ǿĹǰѾƣڱȻһͷæңջֻܻܶӶһ·ɱȻ֮ͻȥ
ǿ½ܿͳǧˡ
˶ڶȥһ˺ܲ⣬һĻҺǰ˲ȥץȴСӽϾǳԴҩ
һЩ忪ʼæҵļ嵽ǰȥ
ʱҺߣѾֻһֱ跨١ʦǣ򲻶Ͻ似кʹüͻΧľ޺ﲻòٴΧС۵ÿλӻһ磬̱ڷзϰ죬һҲĿ棬˻һŴŴһʱ䣬Ȼ¼ӣȴûͺε
䡭
ˮһɢ·޷һһô󡣹٣ϡϡļãҲߴ
һ㣬·зһֻϣ䡱һϽڹºɳȥ·޲ŴһһˮܲҪɣά֧ѴӰ콫ڽѷӵ˼¡
жǽӰɫܽ·ǰһ׵Ŀռ䶼ռˡٺ˵·޽ֻܶӭ˹ȥ
ڽǰһֻһֻҲֳ϶
·޵࣬·зһֻһ߼߽׵ľɱѻ꣡ȫĹ֮С
·ͷһңһ㿪һǰһֻڽһ
䡭
糾ɳʯ׶ߡ
һλ޷˳սȦǿöľѾһľмǸ˾ͷм֮Уİ£ʳ״ϡɢĳܷನ£ֱա
ô
ǿ˫£ܻţĳ漣
ά֧۽ĿתҺһȫѾС˷ʱ䡣·зһ
أǸľме壬ˣһ·ϵƬ䡣̧һŲҰ׵
Ȼţ


090 
һ۷ޣһޣͬʱˡʲôȥֻ20˿ǵ˫
ǲŵĿУ·֧һſڣһѪ絽˵ϣͻȻһĨȻЦݡ˫һ֧޳վ
鲻İ£Ƭɵ״׷׶䣬¶һĵ۹⡣
ۼף
׻ףĻף˵ػ£ϢҳһţȻȻģֻҽֳ֡˳żľ˫ȷ΢΢Ȼǿǰһ߳ġӨ͸ˮܻǳϡ
ۼף׻ƽܾĽгôۼף
Ϊ壬ͬĻйľεĴУϴ׻סΪϵԵʣӡܿס˳شҲֻд˼סʱһ۾ϵó֮Ա
Ȼ뵽·;һˡʮӣ
ѵ˵
ŲģóªСӿԿ϶ǻʼҵˣһֻ׻ܵϣ¾ͱȻҺҪˡ
Ļܴﵽ壬Ǹˡ
ĿһеͷδģѬĵǣõ⸱ؼף
ﲻȥһˣҲûǸʱ䡣ۼһֻҺﶯѾԽԽٻˡ
Ϊһ壬һֻҺҲۼ׵ĳָóء
·ʶЩңǰһֻڽȻǿᣬֻ֧ܵ£ϵѾȻܵһȴʵʵڵӲġ
ʶ֮һܣǰֶһޣٺ٣Ҫˣ·зǸά֧һ߹
鷳׽Ǹ¡ޣƣеĿҲȡ
ֵͬʱֵˣȴǸʦжĪСӡ
ôͷʹͷˣͻȻ
һ㵣а֣
ĿѰңû˳϶һ˿Ϸʣʹթöˣô
˾·޶״վмСӵĿƮƮģͬһˡ
𡭡һۣ˷ͬĺУվһˣˣʵıС
·Ѿһܾ۵ڵСԡϢתҽַٵһ
š
·зһֻһѻͷ˳Ļܷ·޵·
ά֧һǺڽѱ·޵ǰģﵽĺڻܰԵסǰһڵĿռ䡣
׻ƽֵĻӣ·޵ġһи߼ɱ߶£ƺƴ
·ȻţԴ켶似ܹܶ켶似ֱӺܺľٿСˣĶڵʦѾ˸õļʹࡣһ͸֧ʮĿ޲ܸԭ
šΪǿʶĸоһɱκһ˶ǿöܲڲԶ˴Ѿ˳
СͷǸˣ
ͬһ˭뵽һ£ǸСӻһʲô̬
Ȼ
䡱һضɽҡľ󣬵ȵһйƽĿ⼯еһϡ
ǻĪվǸˣһĵȻƺ·Ҳûһ㡣
Ҳȷʵ
ǰ֪ʲôʱһֻ׵ͷͻȻһеĴǰЦʧͬһСѡ
·޵߳һݹ᾵Сͷһûϣһ˫Եóһ˫۾ȻǿܴȻȻǰһ˲ѹµĻѡ
ʥ
ͬʱһݣӦ˶Էʵ
ʥϡڿഫֻˣһ׻Ƽҵ׻޵УһǺųµһĻ䡣
һ϶һߣƽ֮е֡
˸ԸͷСӵʦ
·޿һߵͷ˵Ͳһֵֻģ
ͷһΣСǻǵĻǴ治֪Ƕ˭ҶǵСմ󣬴ǸСӣ
·ע⵽ͷȻĨЩ̫ͻأĨٶҲûдá
ϻ˵ɻɣǣ·޽һҰѱĿֱޣǶɱֲһ䡣
һף漴ѹս⣬޵ҲһʥҪ˵ܴӮȴ˭Ҳš
ͷ·۹Ѿת𴦣̾˿˫һڣһɽǰӿ˹ȥ
ͷҲصһѾʦǸСץסһ˽һ·ϣֻһͱ
Сѣȫˮ
ֻ޴Һʱ˿ٴα֣һ˲ӴѪҺԳٻ˺һûйЧͻȻĿԴ󷢣֫ŵأž޴͵ؿһʱʮ֧˵ĵӣ֣ڵҷҺʹӣ˴ԣ䣬Ѿʮ⡣
ǿ½ܿͳǧˡ
Ǵӵȥ˸ԳͷǸȻ
һʱ䣬ߴ׵һ޴Ĵ⬡ѪҺס£Ȼֹȴ࣬ѾûжѪҺˡ
ֻǸʱ⣬һ˿úȵԭֻһǿ˭һö
ۼʦŮӽͼУһ뼱ֻԽԽĻҺ
·ֱֱǶλͼǰǶ˼æѵСŮϣʾվס
·ЦЦǲͣǶϱɫ뼱˵˴ȥ·޺Ȼһٿʮ׾룬һǿξǰһܣȴû뵽һǵؼغ䣬ƽƽһȭӵͽϣЧԣֱӷɳ֮⡣
һǣ·һѾķ֮һˡ
СŮߣֽ⿪


091 ҵĻҺ
СŮҲһ˫գҲգĿĴ
ȥɡ󡣡Ҫ˰
·һڵѾ޴Ϊ˴ԣǲԼŰ
䡭
޺ܣһƲ㵲¡
·зĳΪ似ͣϼ֣ڶ֮ǰһɫֱ
̧̧һֻ֣ǰһ֡ǰⲼɣڷϣˡ
ά֧ۼһףֻǶϸʥͳСƵͷ˫Ŀһɣϵɫܽűǵ߿⣬һڽѴźХȥ
ͬʱ׻ƽܵĸ߼似ѻҲһ߸ߴγһ⡣
ſɽʯʥջ˷˫ֻһ˼ʶĹ似ɿγɡ
ܶ
ɷܶٶȱ·һϡ˹ͬĸо
ɫķﵽһװֱĿնХײм䴦īͷų󣬼תĿնһžǰһɶ
־壡
һ̣޸еĿ־壬似ǰֻһͷӳĹΧ
ά֧۵һкڽѣ׻ƽܵĳѻ꣬һײܶϣͬʱһٲɣࡣ
һ֮Ƶ˳֮⡣
ٴǰ˶СһֳܶܣһֵĹӵسȡ
ά֧ۿһۻڲҺˣĲϼ룬άҵѾɥʧнǶ˵һͷطԾ
ڽѣ˲񣡡
һ֧ȺȻʥľ룬Ǹݵòӵͷ
ɫĽţһ죬һ·ڹڽŶǵһһһ㣬ݵı
һᣬ·зĳó˾УΨһһеؼɱ似ȻĹϷ
ڿһһһһһ׷һȻγһ֧޴ĻɫϷŴ˾춯صʥˡ
ؼ
׻ƽܵᣬҲǼڸҺﴦĻսһǵؼ似ɽһȼյĻɽѹǸͷ
ޣǵؼĹͷһ죬ʱһɳһٶӿֶΣȻɵսһѪڣһʱǵͨ죬һһӼת۾ǵڶһߵĵǰǰѾһɵɽһϷʵĿغ似һһһķϡ
֮䣬һ˲ɳⱬȻܷ֮ͨ쳹صĽÿһɳɳɱ˶һ˵м䴦һƽ濪ŵһһŴĻֱﵽʮ֮⡣
ںоͷЮĴĻǰγɵľ
ײܾӵĶ֣ˣķˣֱ׿⣬Ǳס塣
Ҳǲܣ˳׺˶Щ̡
Ǹʱǲ׸ղŵ׾ʲô¡
һʮףƾڹӿ
һЦ˫ϣһķܶۻ˳ȥͬʱһΣһֻһ׵ֶܵɣʮ׵ľ룬գ۶׷Ǹܶۻ֮󣬷·ƿصһ֮է
ɫӨ˼Ŀռ䡣
ͬʱܣͬķԱܿķâ
¡
һضɽҡµ϶˼չٲɣһֿһײһ
Σ·޹ȻҡûҺҲפкá
¡һһʱĿ׾޴ĻҺѪҺһңңһСˣ˵صڵϣʹȥ
ĻҺһ˷һһͬǸȻ
һʱֻ˷ɱģ˵ģ˴ɱѪܿ˴б֣򶷴һʼ˲鲼ȫ֮䣬֮䣬ΧһֻӴѪĴϴ
㲻ҪôСŮӺȻ˵
롣·˵
СŮһ£СȻ˵㻹ȥ
Ҫûãֻǲ·˵С
Ϊʲôһô
һ
Ŷ
ٲ˵
ȻӰĳ˴ԣеģѿսѸײڶļ뵽С
һ㶣Ŀ·һжСӵİڲأʧȥĿ꣬һ͵Сӵָʾ
ȥøҰɣõ֣ʦͿԻؼˡ
·˵Щʧƺһк壬·εĳѾнʮ˵𣬶һλϱԼһ
˺أǰľѾΪϡüëһܴԣһչΣͬһֻһ㣬׵Ŀռ䣬ֱǸصȻ
ǣƣһܿҺߣȥĻҺ벻ʱò㣬ȻȻγһȦյش
޵ļʹɲǼ
ά·ҵļ˿ʼĸС壬ͼŸдǿġֻ׻ƼеˣΪһ壬Ҫ߳һЩɱвϿ
ӽ׵ĸߴɽȦڣһʱֻһֻ޴ǡ
£ֱӲԳͷǴ˵Ĳ
һά֧ۿһĻһ֧ڽѣ˶ʮ׺ֶˡͬʱһչͷǰУѾȦڣһߵĶλҲͬʱĬͬʱյͷ
ӣȻܲٴͻذագʥܶۻ˫ּγɣͷųȥ
¡ٴײʹȦĴ߷׷׺ˣȦ
һڵϣһֻȻֻӴĺԡ
أֹ˾ͷһߵĵط㵵ػعͷ
ҪǿؼյĴҲһ˳ͷ㵵Ŀһɿȥ
һˡ


092
һɫӰվͷϣһСϸϸߵģѾֻпһϸ˾һֻŵǸϣҹڶ·ûһֻϼ
ȻǿΪ֮ɫֱﵽĳС
һҹ䡣
иίȻе˰
ǸŮӡ

Һˡ
ֲĻҺﻹиˣһ¾͹޷ˣ˻Ǹˣ͸Խܡ
ʵ¹£Ůõݿȥֻʮ꣬һɫĳ£Ե·ȥǸˣֻǺܹĳͷڱֱʣǧ˿һŮǸŮӵͷһ㣬ǸָС΢΢һ䣬ϸݵĻ׵ľ룬һƣӯķգڻҺͷ΢ͣ٣֣ӳֻ̽Һץȥ
һ㣬ȥͬʱһһ޴৵سǰ
Ȼһܣ·޶ˡ
ڸʲôϵˡ
Ȼռ
Ȼ̧ͷУֻ֣óһΣ̽׵ľ룬ٵطŴ׵ĴСϵɼָֻ޴İ߶ǿźͷϡһôʵôšѹ£Ƿ׷׺ӣ޴ѹǿõϳ϶ͷķڶԷᱡֽܲغɣ֧һ֧ܣǿ֧š
ָϣ޴ĻҺľͷֻСͬżһ֮䣬žһ죬һѪ̹һžӨ͸ıɫˣֻּ֡
ǿ׵ı˰
޷ܿüϢһϳʥһһȫµľ硣һСһҹһҹм֮Сջ󰡣ת۽֣ڳûһٴζء
ö˵˽һ£Ŀ˰еλŮ֮֡
·޺һڳκֵ¾ˣһҪؼˡ
ŮӾȻһֱͣڰ֮ϣֻ䲻ס·ʹ÷Ͳõˣ濴һ£ȻСĵķڴһתһӣĵȥ
Ҫˣʲô֣СŮӺȻ·ޡ
Ҳ˵أ·˵
ҽбûϣϣܼ㡣˵
·޾ö죬һʱûΪʲô;һǸݵŮٿ࣬һ˫ĿĿһۣ漴СŮӵ壬һ˾͡ݡһµ˶ʮ⣬һ䣬ҹɫʧȥӰ
ڣ·ĿԶȥʧӰΪʲô쵽̶ֳȡ
ʲôˣ
һʱ䣬ֻԼҪߵ·ʵ̫Զˣֱңɼ
һ̾·޻ߡ
ɱĻҺƤϳ˵ҩƷ׵Ĳٵҩɷ֣ҩż
߳ޣ͸Ƭ̼ԶǷ֮ء
һû˸һ¡
ʦʲôͷ·üʵ
ʦ³ƺһ̵Ĵͣɫ˲Щ˷ܡ
Ӧλʡͷ˻˵
ʣ·ЩԾеصѹ۹ŹҲĳǿ𣿡
ߣûоԵģһ˵һ۹ŹڳɻʵģӦǸǨߣǿܵعŹ޵ģƺλ۷ʡ
۷ʣ·޵һƱںһλǿôﵽǿ񣬻һʲôľѽ
ĿƣͷһЦΪһʥһٶʮûдʼͣһϣһ롣
ʶѾΪһ룬ңɼλáԽԽͻƣʥ֮Ҫ֮ǰʮŬڻԵɺ֮һͻƵϣ֮ٽףӵϼ
΢üͷ꣬дࡣعŹһܳʵĻǾֻСҸԡ
СѾĿڽʦˣػ󳩡
СȻվסˣֱֱĿʦ
ʦǵøȥȫʣڸʲô·˵
˵ʲô󿴼ɵһĿǸʣҪһ̧֣ͻҷˣжԶ߶ԶҲطˣҲ𡣡
ʦǸбСѾͷ˵һ仰ǾֹһͷҺ˵һֻͰֻ˩ˡ·˵
ʲôһͷͷЩͷۡ
ؼСӸ֪Ϊһ˴ޣͬʱΪУ˼ڳ֪ô㣬ô뷨ءЩҲԷ£˵ʣѾ֪иʿţǼֻҺԼŰ
Щ岻ȥģǲٿ·˵
һڣٻҺҲ˵ˣ㻹ǸϽؼɡͷ˵
޵ͷһ¾ǣҵȫԼľһδ
ҲûлǸƽڣֱӻصСϣԶģһԻ˼ӣЩԣԻֻʣһ˫ˣŮȥıȥˡ˶ЩӣλֵøһƫϢ
δ죬·ٴδгһۣâһûѾһǿܡβ֪еͻƣʹڹڴﵽ۷״̬ͻƵʦһףҲֻǻԵʱˡڵͷһιܷܶǿ֡


093 Ķ
˷ţͷͷһʯϣʱһСʯӣǰһֻСڼСպݲʯӴͶȥٵר־
·һЦ֪ȥʲô߹ȥ߿ĵĶȥ
ͷͷһۣȻ˵ţҵˡ
ǻҺﻹʵס·еʡ
ǡ
жûߣһ𣿡·ʡ
ûУûߣɸҪһͬԸǿ
·һ㶣⵹ϡ
ô嶼õôأ
˵ǰ٣Ҿ⣬֪СͥҪûдһôҲõģԣҹСһ٣Ҳûǿο˵ʮֻҺأ
ˣһ£ʯڡ
·һ𺳵ĿͷʮֻҺҲ̫˰ɣ
̽һˡһۣרĶСʯӡ
磬нһǧ߸ϵ
Ϣһһˣ·޵Ȼ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ע·Ǿʹɣ
﷽Բƽϣǧװ
ЩԶĽĶԹ£½˶еҲˡĹºܶ࣬ǶҪˣֻгʮֻҺһɽǶ˭ܶԽɽ޶أ
ˣά֧Ϊͷ죬·ָλʦ۷壬·л·ȻǶ֧еĸ֡׻ƽܣ׻޻ᣬλϣҲһʮǰǷֳʮСӣһͬƺƵСɽ
һʱСɽѾ˽֪ûʲô仯ˣһνǸȵأ˽ʮ֮ңǰȻһ쾮ﵽʮ׵쾮Χ쾮Ѿóһ˲̤С·һֱ쾮·ȻֹһˣһС·һֱͨ׵쾮ڣаɣϵķӿ
ǿѽ̾
ǵ߶ܸܵľȡ
ŨһѰҵءҵطλǿҲǷ˲ٵ
ά֧۴һӣʱʮӣЩ϶ŴֽشӣھʵŽһһͬӽڡʱʮưһͬȥ
ά֧۴һȥļ͵ˣУʱͬΪ𡣡
ֱһ֮⡣
֪һλ棬СҲӲʶǿһ˽뵽ɻǾͲˡάִ֧̣󷽷Ľˡ
һ߶Ǽõĸ֣һ˳ӻСиžϵϡɼĽݣʹһֱ
ŽԽ࣬ǳص鷴滺ûĶǵĴ»ٶԸЩ
һٶʱ·з˵棬ÿһˣ쳣ͷżӴʯ衣˵һǣһ䵽ȥ
ʱһǰһһȫǺڻҵߣһݶ¡
ɢߺܶ࣬ûע⵽οһѾѿˡ
һֱ½ֱ˰ٶףûͷٻһΣѾſһ鳱ʪĵ档һ֣ϣµҶóɣŵζ
ǰһɽѾаɵˣ΢ͷһ߽ͬһһĴڡ
һһ紵ﾹȻܸˬ;ѾĻѣͬһ
ǸأǸһڻҵͷߵһߡ߽һԶСеĳϣܲ׵ģȻΪһʦ׵Ĵʦͷһάλʦã˺ܿ˷·ཻʮѣһ·Ըָ㣬ͷҲɶһһͷǡ
ӣ
·롣
ô͵ߣһ̫ǰȥ־ˣӺúÿ۽Ҳǣ˵
ǣǣ˵ҾʶȻ֪ߵغǳʲôͷٺЦŵͷ
·һڡ
˲󡣡ߵһ׳ںڵĺ˵ᣬ۷壬Ҫһס
·޵ͷʾл˵úˣȺױеġ
һ·߹ʮףһ·Щ¶ȣ˽
ͷˣ
·һ
һ׵ͨȻǰ߸վס
Ϊʲôˣ߲ȥļǰߵˡ
ڣһĶͻȥ˵˺ǽȴȥͺ;ɥ֪
ĵļһֱǰ棬ȻԽǰԽ磬ʱƹҴ
ʮףǰͻأĳһͨȫڵĿڣɵ͸ڡ
ǵһμЩţʲôÿϳһѽ
ȷʵһǽͬʵһǰײ棬ʹճصĿٲһƼǽתХδѾٲΨ衣
ͦԣüͷ塣ͻȻᵶԼһʱѪ죬˾£ֻ֣ѪڣȻ̤ͦһȥ׳ҡ
Ѫմϱڣһ˿ͣͣЮ֮浶·죬ȽȥˣȻȣӺܿѣپŴ·Ƭ裬üȥȻʧڱں󣬿һ
Ǹа˾̾£ǰѪɽм˴˹ȥȴͷѪò˻
үȥˣȰһͷܷŵ󣬵ǰȻȥ
·ЩżѾ̫ˡȻһ£ܲǰ֮⣬ǿ޵ܣʵʰϣȻŲ˹ȥߵˣվס׷ױá
һϣ͵һֳһն˾ĿУ˹ȥ
һھͿǶү·ͻȻһʱ֮޷⣬
һ£һ֣ǸͷҲûʲôܣô߽
ɵİԣһò
ˣ
һ·˶ӿٶȡǰѾƵĻ
û뵽˸ǰȴһڣبǰ
·ٲԣѾǰֻһ·ߣ


094 
һ·˴Է׷ױáǾĲĿá
үں棬ۼǸʮֱ꣬ߵǿ񱩵Ŀǰһ¶ûУֱ˽ȥ
񱩵ɫ졣һմ·ǰʲôûһ
ͷǾˣһ֣ͬƿһȴһ
һаɵĿڣһһ񱩣ͣҲͣĹȥ
һܽѾʮˡǴʦޣ˼ǰҲϾͷϸٶ˵ĸ֣Ըһʾеˡ
ٽʮףжƽʸ޴ԲΣ߶ģмһֻʢĸ׳еĴ󶦣ͭͣɫ⣬渡Ÿɫ޷ȻһѰɭɭ˹ǣͷǾͲ¼ʮֻѲ֪˶ˡ
ͷϴʱվλŮӣһͷƵĳҵڼϣһֻ£¶ųԲµͻ𡣴ʱ˿̣Ѫü粼ֹܣмӿǿ˫Ŀ΢ϣһֻźһֻͨѪϡεȲƳɣǸӾһϣÿжһֻߴëĻ㶼Уͬɮһ㡣һһһʮֻ
һͷȴҲһͨӣȥȴǡһȫŮӣ
޴Ǵϱŷġֵ䣬ء弫ڻӳ²ηḻʡһٸ绨Ů۹룬٣ͦ޳ϸ顢ᡢͦ΢͹С·һˮÿ䶼һϸϸѪ쳣һʱȺ׳ʣʤѩѼԲˣôһ죬ͻֻ·˵һȺУһ
·޵Ŀǳ䵽˺һϣ˱Ƚ˸ϸǱ
ǡ׻޻۾ɣʲô
˵һˡά˵
а㣡ά֧۳˵
عŹĴӹ˿ڲŹһ룬һֱùŹͷʹǹ׺ߵʽˇRĿࡣаʢУǲȡ̵ֲŰʽԼƵһ״̬ǿԼ
ӹʦ鲼ȫҲȹŹ٣صӵʣعŹһֱɵһԭ
֮һа㣬аʮŽŮһ·ʮѾΪһλĳǿһλʵĴսˣ˼ʮһֱûϢ벻Ȼط
ʱľ߱ɫļ󷨴󷨡ʮĿľӪҲΪһ̣ҪǻҺӣҪڶߵĵڶʮȱ֮ʱѡѾȥˡ
ʱ˿̣㲼ںɢԹҩʹûҺŮһ״̬ȻһһһʼɼϵļܡֻҪаڣͿһ񣬴Ӷشӹȥ
ڶ˽ʶΧʱаѾ˲ɼŮϵļԴԴϵĳ뿪ѪǰˣͬʱһɼҺϵļͬʱһֶ˵Ѫϼ
֪֣Ѿжˣʮʱڴ˹ܶϡǰʮĿľӪɰܾһϡ
ٶվռ䣬λаƤҲû̧һ£·뵽һľӯޱȺһŮһɼǿڸǹ˴аܡһ࣬ʮȻĻҺҲһֹľ˶ͷ­΢΢ʮҺﾹȻԼͬͷųǿٱܡһ۳һƥʹ֮ѪֱڻȼաһĻҺܣһһɫŮһһһмۣм֮һƮƮ֮УһʵϣֳһĪĺ
󷨴󷨣ά֧۾еаȻڣҲ˴Ļǣûжʮ֮ĻҺﲻﵽҪ󣬶һŮҪӣÿһ۷壬ʮļ֮ɼЩ˺ͻҺϵܣͻֱӽ֮У
һ˵ڶʻȻ⣬Ϊʲô񱩵ĻΪʲôЩŮһʣǰһоͶشˡ
ֵܾǿѹѹڲš
ʱаʩѾͷеѪʣʮףĩѾ˫зڰлһԲ£ͷȥͬʱһŮ֮ɫأȴ٣һ׵ĹѪϵݽǴĩˣγһֻĹ
һʮֻҲһģԵʹ쳣Ϊ޵ĺɫΣһֻһĹͷ¡
ҪһЩͯкûЩͯУͯڣ󹦿һֻ÷ѾʮֻҺÿιҩͬһŮһʮԺ󣬵ʱŷҺʱߵԱȼ⣬ʱ˿̣ΪĲȳƶѾ
Ųɼϴ߶Ѫ˹ٵͣһ˼һ˼ȵֲͬ¶ڶǵ˼£ֹ¼ٳײһϷ棬һȵֻȲ״ǳɶ״Сһͬͷȥ
ֻҪڰٻᴦغϣ·ûܵ


095 а
ֹɣȻǶųȥ˽һڰϷǣȵһ֧ܽţЮſɽʯ֮Ǹˡ
ֻźܵ纮󶦡
·޵һֻҲڣֻСЩϳ֣Ե̫ˡ
ʥǹ֣ϳһֻȭûһ߳׵үҲ룬һܽװҲҪҵЩɣҸ˼ʮԶȻǻɵȭ
·¡
һ˵ĵܾ꣬ܰһ˼顣
ͷٻᴦһߣѾûһʱˡСһ죬еùˡͷѪת˹ֻ׷ԲĴǰĻȡ
䡱
״ǰȥ˺Ȼˣ״Ҳһء
㻹ǵʹͷתĹһͷϣ·ûжһ
Ůϼңʹ֮ɫϣˮ¡
ʮֻҺҲǷ΢
аʲûз˺Ȼ׹Ĵиתھ޶ȵļż󷨴һ
ͨһβɹġ
һ£ָܱһη񹥹ȥ
ǡһŪûˡٴλӶػ
䡱Ȼ֮һɢֿҵĹȫչɵĴɽһʱײ˴ХУָ˳ĵdڣĺ¡ɽ죬Ļҹ⸡ľˮӣĽй֡
ѪأתÿһתԭĵطһмһȦƹͬһ͵ڣȶֳһεɫŵֱڡ
йֱϵһײ޹
ѪϵԴԴϵĴ͹ȥȴĻ壬ɫԽתٶԽ졣
ֹά֧۴ϣڽѷɫܺϣ΢һ䡣
ô߼ЮһµؼĹȫʧϡǸ廹һְٻϣôһоͶˡ
ǰŮӺͻҺ׻޻ͻȻһĽ
һˣĿľǻҺﰡһʱеܱ˸ŸֹâʮֻеĻҺȥ
ʱֺطֿʮ׵ѪЮ֮
ȼյ򲼳һǽ
˵Ĵȫ˻ǽϡ
ǣͬʱĽĻһЩ˵·Щʶ˻ȻˡֻĹųȥ
˻ػŮӣɫĹͻת˷ٴι㱾壬ǰͻȻĳһĹͷ׵Ŀ׵ķִ·ǰԵú
ɵĶڷײܺһƬɫܹ⽻ӳڴ֮ϵˣֻźֱ۽֧ѪȥһװСռ
˫Ų¡ʯ׷ɣۻ𶥸Уס¸Ӿ޴ʯ顣ֻʯɫû䵽ϣܲĽ£ɷ۳
ͬȼˣ˵ĿⶼѪɫ
·ƹˣСĵŮӵصˣʮ·޼סļβıߣʶĿһۣնƺֻǿ˿
Ұ⿪·˵ֹȥϸϵǸѪ
֪Ǻƣͨ巢ŰɫӨ⣬߷ϵĽǣʱԼɫ⣬Ѿǲ⸲ǣϾ͸еһɴ̹ǵĺ͸
·һȻԾ
һ˰ܾǰһɨֻһװСּءػͷԶһѣΡһ·޲Ż
ǸŮаʣȻ˫ۡ·ʱʶÿ˵ÿϸ΢鶼ǿֵزѾò۾ȥˡ
ʮޣؼʱֳһϢת󷨴󷨣ʶŵͷˣ಻ԡ
ÿһκȻȥϮΪ֮һѪԽԽ죬Ƨһգ֮¡
·ϢֳӨӨķһֻٴδֻΧڱϵѪ

һɿǰٶһӭȻһ죬屻ֱ򶴱ڡ
žڶϣ䵽Ϻ·Ϣ΢΢һңٴδ
Դ󷢣ԼҲȲ
ʾͲˣ
ǹ似дʮֻҺһ빥㣬ֻ·һĪĸһСϾ
Ȼȫ·ޱÿһȥ涼һߵСܶٴξǰһֻٴʵѪ
ʱ˿̣һֻƥĺڽڴаʵϣ٣һüѪϻԾȼյ˹ά֧ۡ
̣ͬʱ֧ܣֻ˲䱻ˣͳʮ⣬ײڱϣڵʱۣһ³һѪҲǷܾ飬ɫʮѿ
ǽĵһγ֣һ֮Ȼﵽֵز˾ԺȻ
Ȼһ֧ŵķͬʱʮ߼߽似Ϯȱһ໤еĻҺ
˫أֻһϢ֮䣬޵ܱѾһĻҺͷϡ
ǡһ˵Ѿ봦״̬ĻҺͷѣѪ˳ʹĻҺȻѣվ̱һ֮ŵñΡ漴͵У鴤ãȥ
ʹһȻſ۾һƽϾʹˣڼͶһʧأһĶһ˿϶ٴλ˸һ״С塣
ѾѪɫ˫ۣһֱֱ֮ɨˣһÿС³ðɣԣȥɣ
ƽĻͷ˶һݡ
Ѿڶб


096 ҵ
ѪȻͬʱһͬƬǵصĴ϶䡣һʱڶ籬һܱ
ŮʮҺһ£ϱʹ಻
ˣά֧۴˳ʮ֮⣬ܶϷŵ
˷׷ſܷ
ȻıΪģͷ׵һ˸Ϲһˣһ׶סףǵ糾ϯһеƿ
ܾãʯмɳ価
վŵֻʮˡ
λаʵ㣬ҲЩ̫࣬˫۵ȴǸǿİŮӵļʮֻﵽ޼൱λͬʱ֡
˹һٶˣʮ⣬ȫһصѪ⡣Ҳòˡ
м˵Ĵȴǵ
վһݵòӵͷ󡣶ͷľССķܣǰһķ
ʥܲҲֻʥҲһЦϣһ˫ӯĴֱۣɨͷһ£ȴȺû·ĴСڵϡ
ǣһɫӰһ޷һֻ޳õ֣ѪϡղǸӦֻϵвǰٻҪһˡ
ֻĹһֻ޵ͷϣֻܵ񱩴Ｋ㣬ȴСһ룬һֻδ·ͷϣԶͷϣģһһͷȥ
һսˣˡ
ά֧ۣάӣ׻޻ᣬ׻ƽܣվʥ󣬽һŵ·з磬·л
ʥ
·ޡ
ҵ㣬һѪ£ϵĳѳ״ϰȫ㡣Ƥ£ܿѪҺڼٵ
һ˿ЦǴ֡õĻʰǡ
һ˼ʮ꣬ѾŤ˶ִ֡ջʱͻȻ룬ȫƻļƻˣֻһͷȫɱ
ɵֻˣһʥһά֧ۣһǽַŵѪϵǸꡣǸ
·޵һֻһŵֻѪϣȫһ
䣡
䵽˼㣬ѪҺ͹һ˲һ
ֱϾͽӲˡ
·ͻȻĽ룬ʹһֱڳȡеаֱֱͨӴﵽϣһֻҲ鲻ڵͻأͨϵѨλķɿѪϴ
·һһֻʶȥƱĺ󱳣һ֮£ֻҲŲˡ
ݵϾͳʮ֮һ
ȥһӣڿȫܽɸɾ
·ޣеĽһֻҽӵǹ֮ϣȻץסǹصϢԼڻ
һʱ䣬ｻսǿʶ£ҽȻ˲䱻ýӲȻǡаĿǣһƻһ޸·ǿ
·޾ʮֵϢһѪϣػ
·޵ԵģȫȻ֮ķȻһӣѹϢ·ԵǿѾԵȣѾҵļ󷨴󷨣Ǹ֣ͬڲȻһѷĵӡ
ʱڣȥ
ɫӨļһ·ѹȥͷѾѹ·
һһ硭
̵ġʥڶˣݵ˫ַɿĽŷܶ似һ˲俴ݣⲻǸԹʥ
ʲôٲ֣һ˭Ҳųȥˣ˻ƽеͬʱǸٱķܶͷ˳ȥǻ㱾ˣǶ׼ҲͷϵǸǺģĪ
ԣάӵһһʥһҪʣȻͬնһʩ˺ڽѡɫֱܻ㱾塣һֻͷ׵ܶѾСڲסˡ
䣬
ܶ
һ˳ס
ͷʮվؿƣ۲ʹ
ֻһ٣һܶȫ
Ϣȥ·ͷϺˮ죬СϵҶһƬһƬĻ䡣ײСɴһʶԼƣʦΪҽ־ٲʩΪˡûҽֵ赲ǿҲаȥ·ֻһĵĽڵȫӳֵҽϡ
䡱
ܲаʣǰܱڣԽԽ
촽һҧѪֳһ
߶켶аȫ۵ϣעһ

ڽѣ˲ɱ
ѻꡭ
ܶ
֪һʩչһľɱ
һΰɣеȷѪꡭ
һУѪһͬͬʱǵ˽һ׵ķԲ󣬡žһͷϷֻ򻯳һƬ꣬ѪĶ£ʮˡ
еһľɱֻתգ켶а似ȷѪꡱϡ
ڶʩΪͬһУһ䵽ͷĺ⡣
¡¡ĳıڽҡʯ޾ݵĴӶ¡
治ˡ
·ͷϵĹȴȻ¡ҽֵĿ£ȻûҲ⣬ֻһ֣ʽġ壬Ľӽ·޵İٻѨ˴ѨеѨҲʶľӴ˵һ飬ʶһ٣˾ͷˡ
εȷѪһػѾʧȥɼ󷨴󷨵ʮۼˮᡣȻѾȡϵļͼͷųȥȻκһֻɶ
ΪȷѪ꣬ʮˣ·޵İٻѨⵥļĺ͸һСʦЧһʮֵĺÿ뵽
һʵıô


097 
·ȻоҽϵѹȻһɣǹʧˣ̶ͷϾһ˺ĿѷεʹʶһƬһ̰ͬĺļ˲塣ٻᶴ谭Դٹ룬ɽĳ塣
ֲֻɲǼռȫʶ
˼ʮǿɲǼѲұһʼͳĸ֪ٶȽСͷӵزС֫
һ˲䣬Թߵͳһѩˡ
ֻһͻҷ
һľʧ
̳ɢϺһʯۣʯ飬ڽ䣬˷״ʮֻʣˣһݲʥһάҵĴ޹ά֧ۣһ׻޻ᣬһ·з磬һάͣһ׻ƽܡ
˵Ŀ䵽ǸϣˣѾѪӵˣûˣʮֻҺȫһŮӣǸͬ·һı⣬ҲһһȺ·壬аʴСעˣ֪ǽ˻ˡ
׾С壬ͬѩһһС˪ۼγɡ
Ѫ䣬ɫúǳһ޵Ľǡ

ȻаʷһҲƵЦһʵĹ⻪£źХľ磬ӹŵˣɳȥ
һƣʱ˿̵ѾҳһţļͻҺ鸺أʩչ似ǱľͲǱˣֵˡ
ȥ
ֿţûһһɵ
һĳιн·ϵһˣһ棬һؿڣؿڣڴа󣬵ٲ
ά֧۵ϢתһȷûдˣʮҺǰ
ҺһѪŵƵĻ۾ά֧ȥ۵һԣƬ̣أһֻҺʵϣһֻ
ߣˣʲôãÿͷ˵
ȷ
˳һֻҰɫһĹûУ˿ûƷʯͷ
άֳ֧һֹɫ˲ϵľˣǽŽڴ弸ʮ˵ĴۣѵõĴʦ³֮ʷǰ
һȡһֻͷߡ
άߵǰ˵ɾӺδǹάҵĵˣ֪ûʱ䵽һάҵɨӭ
̾˿һǸѩˣ˵аһкܶ£ǼûȥҲʵǲȥһɽҰˣɢˣϳһ彭ţ֪˵ûС
ˣһ뿴
ͷά˵ͬɱźԨԴô
ǰ˸ǹȥĻҾҪֵģһ棬˵вСֶԸǣҪһһǰȥݷá
һһʥŰݷãɲһ˵¡
ά˵彭ǿƣټǵ£٣ǸǾӢѾڹŹγɲСƣû뵽ͬףģԺάҵһǣҲǣʲôܽӵģŹе⼸岻һǧ˵ġ
ͷͷ
Ƿ۵ģԼܵʵ
ǲһô׻ƽʵһǸѩˡ
һߵ·зѾϳ˶ˣ·ɽǸѩ֣֮֮ǰû϶ǻġҲˣ˴Զ·ҵʧأʮ˼ϴ۷ĴϣõȴһöûƷʯͷ
߳
һҪȵȡĵؿǸѩˣ͵˹ȵס
˲ٶ˵Ⱥ߳ʬصĶ
ʣͷһˣǸѩ˸ǰһָѾϣСڵ㡣ֵıϢ̽˺һһ飬ǿʶоһ˿ϸ˿Ŀ
Ȼγɵķ
һģһŮǰָıϺð죬ȻٱĻԣһΣͷ̾Ϣվֱ塣
ģСӲ
޴ĺֱ嵽СײǿСϡ
ȻʹСϲڳȻſһƬƬͰȫ١ůϢظľ籣סš
ʦ˵ĻӦˡ֮ʱСռһؼʱ̣ס
ʱȥ·޷һ£ǾǣļʦСĶˣ˭Ҳѹ˭ɴڲϵ⣬ƾе·ֻάһѩ˵״̬ˡ
·Щˡ
˺ܾã·ʰҵʶֻҽ֡
˲ĳʹֻҽ֣һӲ״̬
Ϣڵ˶ϢڸԣǿĵããϾ˷Ӧı֮ϢĴ£һһεܺϽС
̼ѶЧϢĲ˶·ЩʹУʶʼ޸
ͷϣɾ󣬾𼸶ѻڻ£ϵһȥ·޵˫ֻڱϣ˶һͷҲһԼƶһԼַ·ϣʹջء
·ǿķһʥܾȻ֮Կ
ҹʱÿ죬ͷ˵ˣ㻹ʲô
̧ͷȥԵĶһͷһӡ
ǺǣˣСӣ治᲻Ӳ㡣ϧСŮӡ
˯죬š
ͷû˯ãһ䣬˯
ţûм
ͷ𣬴ۿǰˡ
ѽүүҺüû˯ˣͲʵţ
˵굹ͷ˯
ʹ˵ʦ̫ˣ鷳Եġ
̫һ֣Ȼֱվ˵ϡ
˵ˡ˫ֻۣ۾ռŴ̡찡ѹˡС
֪ദʮ죬ĵʥȻһᣬˮǳ
ȵȣ㲻ҪްɣŪԵġǶˡ
Ǹ˵


098 
úãͿЩŴǳԡͷæϿ⣬и޿ɷС˼£ҰСڻԡһµҲûˡ
ʥһңڽһݸǸŴ߻С
ءֶסˣ㶵Ŀǰ֮ˣһ
ɵˣ
ô·޲Ĵ˺һ˱Լͷһ̻ʡ
ͷѹǿ⡣
Ŀ˳ԣ˿ģһʱȥڷ顣
θŵѹ
·˷һ̧ͷͷĿ·Щ
ͷô£ܿҸҲǹ
̶һߵСҲһȵĿЩˡ
ж
ĨĨϳһƤԭǿߡϵıˮһ͵°ϡҲûʲôˡ
Ƕ˸ǿͬһ࣬ǲŸոշֵ֡
ȻһۻɭϴһѰŸСͭݸ·ޣҲ˵ֻІζĿһ·޼ѳԽȥĶ
ͷûˣǲˡ
޺޺޵ľپǰһ۾ͷˣִٴξͭ
Ұ
˴ʱһͷͷѾһɫҵڼϣüëҲ΢ɫģüֱ˫ޣƤ˫ȥӰıˣһգȻεһƬһˮ溮ˡɫȴǼĲ԰ף׵͸ɫ촽ȴһɫסɫֻǸˣҰײҰ׵һֲ̬
ԼҲϲԼˡ
ΪʲôһΣİ
һڵı֮ĹԺֻһֹˡͷһ˵ת
Ļ·ץıһ˻ȥ
˵ʲôôȥеʵ
Ĺں٣ϵ֮ѹȥˣӦָܹ
ͷ˵ü·޴˰ΣҲԺ£ֻ⸱̥ģˡ
һ̧ۣһ˫ۺһ¸£Сĵ·ۺһֱһֻ
ʮСȻ뵽ǡֵĴʡֻ·õҲĹܴﵽ񼶣
·޻Щ˵Ǹӣ㿴ǲҼ·úôһ¡
˳ȥһ˫СС¡ŵ¶š
ͷشԼ£ҲƵ·ǽȥˡ
̧ͷСƵĿ·ޡ
ܲܰ϶ϣ·ްֱ쵽ıӵºš
ʲôô°ҲϰߴСںϳˮһ
ŮӣܹţҺܡģ
·׵ϣȻֳһرڷۺ
ίСǰϵĴ·ˡ
治ף·ûУ»İɣ·ܹص״̬òһαϢ࿹
·޵һ仰ϾС뵽ǸˣﱾӦóֵЩá̴أ
ɵԷУȥʱˣˡ·ĿǸŮ
ͷܹһο·һ˻ȥ
ǳȥҺˣ·˵Ǹ˵һշͷǲûˣǵÿȥˡ
ǣҴ㣬˫ʮʮ죬ȥĺãطʮˡͷһʹ˵
ʮ죡·ϱɫ᲻ʲôʰ
ʰ£·ȳ
صĿڣѾȥˣֱ쾮һҲ˾˳űڱߵһһ·ϡ
쾮һۿȴһŵķĹ
аʮͷָǸС˵ģһ°ɣĽǣǶˣֻǸԼˡ
СܷѾ˹ʱ˵·ϣһÿޡ
ϡģѾָļ䣬׹ԼͬЩһҪģֻǵ˱Ե˽ַıϡ
мĿһǸһ͵꣬վֹס˿
һһСǰߣǸСŮӡ
ֱС
Ѿûǰյķ
ŵֵĻҰɫʯͷȥˡСָյƽ
󳵣һ·ϣڶһǣʮ˿ڣڽջҪ䷿
ҹ·޻ϢСһεһ
ʶһ뵽У·޾;ķ֣¸СѾı仯Ө͸Ĵɫ壬ͻأĳ࣬һЩ³֦ȻǴɫģҲǾӨ͸ֻʹЩɫϷ
һתǿóԭ·ϲֻϢͬȺȴˬˡ
ҹõľѾɣ֮ǰͺһء΢һһֱֻۣһֻɫĳﵽһ׵ıֱ֮ϡ벻ϲԼһ˺оȻ˱Ĵ޼ܣԣҪ߳ࡣ
վһ߶ӿڵ¶Ȼ䣬һĿ⣬·޽ģǰŵĳϽϸСıǿеˮĽط⣬һӰȥ
ʮﴦһƽڣ·ͣվܾû
ȻЩ⣬·ڵɢϢͻȻǧˡ
ԽԽ䣬·޵ܺȻһ⣬ƺһ͸壬ǰ״Լı˷
·ޱ۲Ͻһ׵̧𣬼̧һѾǰһڵĿͻȻ˼ˣײᡣһ˲䣬ǰаƬѩ¡ǵҵĿ꣬ȻһƬ⣬Ƭĵ⣬ֳɰ൶ϮǷѩƬ


099 
ǿʶֱÿһƬѩ񱩵ܵÿһƬѩһʱֻаĵ⣬סˣһߴ׷Բһѩ򣬾޴ܲʹӿ
ܾã·ջЩʧ
ÿһƬѩΪƬ¡ֻǶ̶̵ĺ䣬ôأԼšԼѾЩİˣ׵ı仯ƺԶ̶̵ֹһ˲ܷϮϰٵĿ꣬ǰҲ롣֮ǰ֧Ų˲ıҪ澭Ǽ⣬֫һԾÿһڶȱһɣҪٶȺ;׼ȴľ޴
һȫµľ硣
·޽ֹסеļһХɾ죬ǰѩ͸ȥֱʮ￪⣬þòɢ
һ̧ͷʮ֮һƬˬ֮أûһ¹ĺۼʮһȦϣһȦװĻѩʮֲֹϸϸģ
صջѾҹɽСˮĳ̶ȣǸվͷ˸ֲˡ
һſ˴ţϢ߹ȥš
һСһ߽Ҳֱܵǰһͷ˵ĴϣҲ
·ƹĺ󱳣
˯Сﺬ˵
ҵĴ·Ϊߴˣ˯ˡ
ţãҾҪ˯С﷭ߵĹӣ۱ţһһ֣絽·޵Ĵϣһܱ顣ؼʲôҲûһڵȫй¶ˡ
ռĴСһ۷й¶ɬ⣬ҹĳ˺һѪš
ðɣݣȥǶ
·סֹȥͷ͵תڸڵķ䡣
ɺãֿˣһ٣ɢͷСһȻĳ˽
㻵ôˣҾҪͬ˯
ɷ˵һͷڴϣһֻźƵһֻױۣݺ§ϣһĴȺס·޵ĳȣƼ䲻ŵؽĿɿڴ·޿סˡ
СȻĿͽϣģйɵ㣬ͷ·޳ŵš
㣬ô˯·彩ӲؽǿǽͲİҪԩ˵İĽСֻԼü
Լ˯ŵģСǴ§Ҳ˯ܣͺãţˣҾ˯
ҴСԼ˯ģô죡һṦСѾ˯ˣ
ء·롣
·޵ȥģһֱһ£ҪҪٻԼȥ
ˣȥҪȥİǱ˯˰ɡ
ݺݱֱۣòűúˣԺ˯ȥ
һ绹˯У˾ؽУأСȥˡ
·Ȼѹأһִ̧֣ĻֱԵĴ΢̧۾Ϳһؿڴ˵ģ˯ü¶΢΢Ц⡣ؿڴһƬʪһƿˮС¡
·޷һֱϲӰľС
СˣŤ壬һߣ˫ֻʶϸ
·ϾͷҪ⡣
ι㣬ʲôʱ·˰ףϵĺسһ
˫۹צߣûץһ죡
СһЦ˵˯̫ˣû˯ģףʲôȻµʵ
ʲô·һ㶡Ͼѹ
СסһӲͻϡ
糿ûҹأ˵һһƵĹŵС򣬻ȥӦŹˡ
·޴һһȣŵСֱ´ȥ𣬳صԼķ
Ƶͷһۼܴп˵꣬ҲƵı˽æʵȥˣûԼ˯ɣ
㡪𡪡ʡ
·뷢ŵĳ𡪡û룡Ѿܲϡ
ʱֹͷĳԷֻ߯һ˫ۣСһתתȥ
·ɫףͷķҲЮˣһ˼İǷ
Сʱͺ޺޵ðһ䣺ƾʲôҰû£ߣ
ίͷŭҲûθڣеԵࡣ
·ߵò죬һͻȻǰ߻𣬸ϳһеˣǰɽ
ĸϳģʹϾʶǰʲô
·Ͼ뵽Ǹţկ
ɽǶࡣ
ǹȥ·޶Գʽ˵
ϳ㶣·˵ģɽĻǾͰǶɱˣɽ̫ɺˡ
˵ϻ£ڳһֻ̧ܶͷ˳ȥ
Ȼģ·һüʮĴѣľ޴ںɳʮ⡣
ʽŴһĿٱ޴ǰС
תɽ䣬ǰ߻һʮСǰ
ûмŵˣİ˵С壬ʣµļˣ·߷ޡ
ÿһݶڻС׳һ
ڼش޵ǰͣ£˳ͷǰȥеһߡ
ôˣ
ɽɥķţɽѽһСʣˡ
߶Զˣ·˫üһһɱѾ͸⡣
һʱ°еĸŮҪ̰Ը쿪ȫ˰ɡ߿޵ҭһߵļһᣬڵֳһãȻǶδһη塣
һǵ۾·ʮǰãȻԼԼ˺ֹʮ
䵽˱㡣
У˵дսȻߵôԶɵݡӦ·
塣ɱȡѵǸǲһĨȥţһη
ʲôأ
еڣҲûӰӡϳ˰л졣ȫʱӪһϡӲ󣬿ջңǼһͶޡ


100 ɱ
·޾˸۶귿·޸СССһ¸ķתһŵβ߰˼䷿䡣
ϡ·޳ĿջûЪϢ¥һ˵磬㿴𣬱˲
һ˼ֲϹǼͷĿǶǼģϴôû⣬һҪðˣ۸Ҫһˡҿǳߵĺã߾ˣ˭İˡ
ӵǼͷ죬ò׾˰ɡ
һ˵ȻᣬΪڵܾ죬ϾŰǹ˵ҿҲͣʮѽţɽһλʦ׸֣˵ãһܵһôΣָϽˣҲˣȥû׼ֳɱҲ˵ٺ١
ֵ˵һһ˽еߣǿйһܲӲɣ˵ģͰݷá
һ˵СȥɣмԴ˼֮⣬ǲ̫֪Ϊ˭й¶ǵвأһȥ£ɱԼĵ裬Ҳûһ˿ԥͷûã˭㵱¡ߣˣ˯ˣˣɱң컹Էء
ֻһ֧ģǸĪƣţɽֻġÿδսǰҪ°ЩŮ;ֲ֪ĸׯһ˵
ţ޺Ҳ٣涯һ˭ӮһСӣֵô𣿾·ңͶٻˡ
һϢһϢȣ˰Ҳû˶׹ԼͷЩ
·һֻѪţɽӦôɱ䣬ͲнĴ󱯲ˡ
һӰɳջ·ްٶᵽߣѳΪһӰӣٿ֮䣬Ʈɣ˻ΪҹɹһֻɫӰ档
ĴƬֵأϴ󻧷ҵĲƲʱһ֧Ϣפٻ𣬲ʣ˶ڼϵɽǰһ˿Υ
ŮȫһأѾһϢȺϢ
·ֱ߽ȥɫֱһֻһ׵ıлγһ㺮ҪµõĹɱˡ
ķһ⣬ǣֱӡؼױģοҲûô졣һܲˣ̧ͷԴʱǸ޳ĻɫӰһһ߽
ﶼǲĴܿտľͳУҪͿߣ
ЩͷòԸ鵶ɱˣ˵Ҳý֦Բ˼ĵѡǸӰᣬֱ
Խأ˵ÿһߵľһΣƺģ߹ȥ󣬷ȻͣˣľָԭģȻµҶҲݣҲһ̧ȣһ㣬Ʈµܣһǰߡ
ۿ߽ⲻǸˣĪǾɽ˲ûһ˿ֻһ͡
һûɱ˽أҴˡ
·޴߹ʱ˵·ͣҲûͣϢش߹ȥߡߺǸڵϣ۾ûͣţǹ񰡡
·޳ƮС˷֣ӭ
˭ûʱأȥ˽С
ϷֲԣǸûżףûһƮž͹ˣ˾ͳӭ
˶ɱľӣߡҲûѻյͲ̣أһƬ⡣ҲûôƬд˹ȥ
ͨͬʱڵϣ˲䱻·޴ĲҶˣֻһƬҶ϶ᡣ
һ;Ⱥ˶ɽǵĻǴսеģƽʱϳνʿɱȡǴɱ¾ӲĥģΪһ֡
ȼ˷ܵĻ档ӦΪѸٵؽ뵽״̬Ѫĵǹ
ܳĶǾÿһһ˼һսǵıֺֺԥѪ
һ˲˵ҰްĽ
ǽһӽ·ް֮ڣһһûֻһ·òŵڶ£ȻؼµɽŵĵطޣҲһٺص׵ˡ
ɽ浹ڵϣƵ죬ѪɽѪһǵˣᶳˣ
ﳬ䡣ڶ硣

쾪ˣһݶ۾гһ죬仺ͣĵӰǰһһ˵صȥ⣬һӵСͷ˭ҲȥðҲȻ
˻еϣץסɱûƽǧ
ԲˬľСֻҪһг仰ζһȺ۾ͨˡһУ˴һСӳΪͳ졣
һҲЧǺ۾ȥ·̸еѹȻߡһҲûǻøˣƬ޶Ŀĺɫѩ˰գȺ粨Ƶǰ£һһϣǰ̣ѪԽǴĿġ
ĵ£ȻϺ˵ÿһһ㶪øɸɾŴһۣʼղš
쿴һߵ˶ӳǶѲ֪˵ɫףûйľʹöûһ˿һĶ־
ݵ˵ǲȥҲǵɱǻңҪļˣǿɻɽأ
Ƕһ֮䣬ʽСǸɷ񣺡Ÿ磬Ҫ㻹߰ɣֵܵһʱ
ˣϸȻһ˻ȥֻ졣ü˾ţһսҲһֽҡͿԵĲһμǿһ꼶Сɸ֣ǾͲ翴ɱˣҲܲԶġ
ôйĻĵһǶ졣
첦ʮ˽Ĵ󻷵һ˵Ļॴ졣ǰʮ׵ĵطǸ¶ӰǰѾˣʣµļʮ˵ӦˣʲôӸأǰһж΢ֻ׵Щ


101 һ˯
·޷ɿתۣ廯һɫӰ֮¾һʬ
ŲϵĲҽ̴֮ٶͻȻͬһһ

ԽԽ٣е˸ɴܲȵһزԼʹȻ˵ܰɣԽԶԽãҲطţɽˣţɽ̫أӦҲˡҲûˣҪǴ绹ܴﵽʥͲ÷Ѿˣ㿴Ǹˡûжʮ꣡۷ţɽҲ֪ôûһţٹ꣬ţɽͲˡҪǽһȥͰҽŪɽҪȥġ
˵·ȥ
ɱҲûʲôסڵǸɱ˵ĲԼͻȻⱼȥһһңܵ硭
·ûȥ׷ͷһʼеʥѾȥֻʣ¸Ӱӡ
·ͣˣһ˿Σտǰʮ˽Ĵ󻷵ѱžĵĻ񱩵ʾҪʦһͷûһ㻨Σʵʵڵɱ˾֦߼ǿսɱʮʽһʽһʽûиһ㷴ءһǳɣѹ£ǧÿһ¶Ŷǵ졣
ॡ
·޷ٵĺˣɿѹ£һʱҲһ϶ֻˣ˫һֱϷʵضŶԷ
ॡ
ֻǰʮȻһ£Ϊͷһ飬һٲԣ
һٸмͣˡ
·޵Բ˼ĽǶȵݵϣÿĶ
ӦԼ˵һ䡣һ˿̵ЦЦһҪ
·޶Уѩ׵Ͻ˼ѪѪʬһءûһ˿Ļ䣬ֻۡ
ûӳȥͷһû
ʱһһС˿ջ
Ӧðһ·ޣЩȥҲϢҲȥ
ҹΪﲻһֱΪһ·Ĳ¡
᲻ܵ˷ȥķҵĴǽͣСģһŵС͵ǰµýѾҲó
һӽӵСѾͷԺģҲ˭ģһͷϴ˯˯ˡԽԽϻ𣬼ֱ·ҲסˣҪȥܰġ
ûţѾҡ
ø磬ȥСѾͷϸһֱ
ͬʱƹ֮һű߿˾УŭȻڶ߿һľ
ССѾͷſš
ѹͷųôС˯ëˣ
СпతŲǡ
СڣҵǸţˣˣҪҵģ̡
·һǺڴϣ̵ͬ
һ·̤̤Ѱҹšۡһ߿·޴ۿȥСѾͷһ·ȼŴ˽
ø磬ôˣڵʵ
ͬµĺӣ·һǺվó˴ϵλá
㺦һҹû˯СѾͷûû˵˵۾ֳˮ
Ҳû˯·˵һûӪĻ
ߣԺܲܣСѾͷݡ
·ҡͷ
ſڴݵһٿ̽£ٿջء
СΪɶŻ򰡣»ؼҴȥòáСһ·Թһ·ͬʥˡ
СѾͷҲ˵ʲôƶʲôСҲסҲˣ˸ĹǷȥϽеһ·ܵ˴ϣһͷ档
·޶ĺ󱳣ؼˡ¡崦ͦ˿ûˮֵҺٹȥţ⻹м˴˫ۣס濴
С磬ţ̫ĵ۾ӱָ
·޸Ͻ۾ǰˡ
о˻ĺ󱳣·޷ҪӦһ־Ǻ׵ģҲϴ˯߹ȥӸѾ˯СǺãϥڵϣ˺ôһ󣬷˺ôľ뵽ϢȥˡϽ»֮ҲԶ
ڶһ磬ڳԷͷȻ̲סʵ˯ô
·̧ںڵ˫Ȧͷ˵˯š
Ǿͺãͷһ߳༫ŮСѾͷջʳɽĶǿ̫ˣʮûɽСһγԵôʳ
۹⻹ܿóСԩҶǴСѾͷ¶Сͷܿγһ컷羰
̾Ϣͷ˹ȥʱ⡣
ϧʱҲûһ椣Լע⡣
˵զͬ
̾
·ϺȦҲȥˣսĵȻӦСӦǸҪĳƺø磡
ÿһƺСͷĺ󱳾һ鴤żһΪ֮һ鴤ĳνүү
СѾͷĽС
ͷĶӡ
֮˺ü죬ʱĶŽϴԼסİСѾͷ£һĽз
ˬʱĸоϴ̼ˣ
ʮϣ˽ա
Ǹڵغ
ںнƽʱºεˮϰ׷ƬƬ󺣣˵
غһƬǣճǣľʮ׾ﲻǸ֮硣
һҶ󣬾·ңŹλϵ壬һͲˣ׾еĹͳͶ·ԼҵǧˣΪӣֵĵطշ׷ױã¶ˣᵶ¡
ΪǴǰûˣûʲôϰֻҪȥǰ߾·
ƿһУǹĵһҪּ
·ҵһǹһ졣
ֻҪգ·ҵ¡


102 Ҫ
һ·жٺĵ·ľͲö֪ˡ
·ұҾм򻧣֧㡣Щ˴ҲûмҲûֻҪ·ÿһµ׼ˡ
·ûװϼ棬ڵϸϣûϳ
ûлؼң·Ÿߴĳţĳƽ
ǰ·ˣһνǡʦ𣿡δأ·һȻľ˷ؾֻǸʮˣûôãٲҲǼҰҵĺӹҵ鼤֡
н𣿡Ļûֻ۾ð
ǺǣȻΪ˭·ټˣǻС̺š
Ⱦ·޵飬СҲ˷
ø磬뵥һΣúһ֪ܲС
ã·˵
ǿţشǧİٽ·ҰһµĲʮæ˶ʮ죬ⰲװ졣·ҷĲȡ͸ġֵǧ𣡺ǺǣڵĳҲ·֧ϵ屲·ɽİٶλϣұýİģСʱģֲ̫࣬˭˭
Ұ׵ȻҲЩɫСЩʣСţ԰ڣƴ󣡡
ߺߣ·ңŹҲһ·ң壬Ǵ˼Ŵﵽλģ˵˿˵ϼ켸ҹ
ԶԶĿ˳ţ˲٣Ŵһ˶ȡ˰ǲյġţ·Ѿжٴˣ۲бĹȥ˾ǰС̺ţɫ¡
ټͷڼڲȻǸЦϣõ˸ǰԾѹɱҲأ·޵·һ˿о
Żаٶף·˳óҳʱ̷Ѹ˳ʣϳõ˶·л˵ȥˡ
ŶԽ·ԽǽŲӿ죬ֳһķ緢
ǰʿȡ˰һλȴ·ҵ·˰·ֱֱһЦ⡣
˰㵱ֵ˵
ǰǾһλ˶ӳģصң˭Ƚס
СһԱ죬ͷŴۣһֱҴ˵еĺΡ
ȷʵڳſڲ׵ĵط̧ţΣÿݵĸСͷ¶ɫǺǣҲܽӵҰˣǿŴүţû뵽Ҳôһ졣ȥţһѣȥúø˵˵Ժߵľɸ̧š
·˰æ£߾վһλ·ҵζܼң·ḻѾʮˣŴңԶ³£ϸüϸ۵Сͷ˵ƣϼͶã¼ѹϣɫʮĳɾͣҲһֱΪҫġ
һ¡
·˰ָֻţ·޾к
·˰ʮ꣬ǽ׳Ҳ䣬תͷһ۽ˣü˵ʶô
·ް·˵ԼòЩ仯ǲϳôأȥѾЩ졣
û·˰˵һߵ·ḻѾͷˡ
ҰСӣ˫üһЩŭˡʲô˲ð磬ǰǸүһ˵ˣ·ѲԼˣʲôôߣûˣ·˿Ц㻹
ߵļ˺ü·޿һֵĴ㡣
·޵ϸûѪɫ·ḻ仰ͬһףͷ
㶵İ˵
ܵӣͷ˵ˣı仯ʵ̫ˣһˣĻҲҵ˵Сٵ»Ǽ֡
С۵Ŀĺø磬һ仰ƽʱϲŭɫĴˡ
ô˵أ·޴簡ѵ˵㷴·ôҲϲáе
·˰һ㶣عͷϸһչꡣ
һ£ǰİٶһͬ￴
ͬһˮͷ·޻ָ֮ǰȻɫѪؿǸʮĴԺܹεˣĿɱ˵ɱ
⸱Ȼ֮ɫ·˰˳ʱĻʹЩҡ
㣬үϽ£һ񣺡ԲүûС˸ô򡣡
·ûֻһ˫۶סǸܹܣ˫ַֻһȥֵȴһ˸ģβߡ
㻹·ޡү·ḻϱɫ漴ԲүС·ḻε·ܹܣҲϵ㡣вð·ˣƭٽ˰һΪҪðأʱ򣬶̫ү˶֣ڴ£ҽӭӴԺ·үû뵽Ҳһˡ
·ḻ˵ǫȴûһ£ͷҲһ㡣
ܹܣ·أ·޳Ȼ
ܹܣˣˣ·үٳһ¼񡣡
·үĸ·үҼǵ·ϱҪС
·ḻһȣЩˣ˵һүǸͷмȹϵ߲ҵȥԺ֧ʹ
ŶȻǷ괺ү·ḻڵͷ
һ䣬·ͷʯͷЩ׻ڼ֮λһоͻü
ı仯ܴ󡣡·˰˵ǲЩʣ
һʣ·ḻֻϸƹ
·޵ͷС
˿Դͷ·޳·ḻ˵ã̧ӹǻظ
·ḻһ㵣ǱߵΣٿ·ˣȴûж
˵ûô
·޶ˣͶȵ˼ޡ
ү˴Ƿ֮·ү׼ģΪҲûͨ棬СһʱûнӸǡ
·֧СӣҪܹô
үǼλ̫үҪģΪ̫үʣ̫࣬ҵĴЯŮڸϣԲֻС˴⼸ʮӭʵί·үˡ
·һ飬ˡ


103 Ź
һƽʱ·ɥ徹ȻǳӣȥؽӣȻҲС
ûĽ𣿡·ʡ
·ḻҡͷ
Ȼ·ﻹûһ½ӷز𣿡·޶Ŀ絶ֱӶԷ
·ḻ֪ǿΪУֻҲΪĳ˿η̬ƣ˾תӣֱŲͬ˶ӡ
үҽ·үûģֻܽүٻͷ㡣˵
Ǹ·˭ѽͷȻʣۿɴˣϣ·һ¡˱үţŻظˣ֪򷢲ˣ˵ʲôΣûۡ
·һܼУһɱʹķƽЩ
ھԲǸʱЩС˻½ʰС̱ҴıϺһһڻָ˵Ȼ֮ɫ
ҵսɺã·˰һ˵
·ԥȻһ˼˵ܼүүˡ
ж·ḻ̻̼ʵ
һﲻˡһָȻԶԶһж
죬·ḻһ֣۹Ķһ̧ۣϽӣܲӭ
˵һ·ȥʱǻͷ·˰һۣ·˰æͷһǸض·Բסүҵȹȥһ£鷳һȡ
˵һӣµİӷֳСżʮ½ˣǶӭȥ
·һﶼζ
ͷһ·ޣѾȻ˫۶ؿԶĶˡ
ͬ£˶ϵãǰһһϳɵһֱϲͷͷǰһͷסһֻ۾һƽЦԳ·ϲŭǾϸ˼ġ
·߰˽׵ˣֻ˼ѾһǰˣλѾŽף۷塣
ڶͬУڶСֵУ߼һλ𹦷Լ켸ҹԲ˯ͬҲǶԼݵһˡ
İϸĿúľֻһЦһ̧ۼ䣬ܷЦͬʱ۾һЦҲûС
·չ·֧еӣĽס
ӣҲû⣬һЦ·ḻҲһֱۣΣһУ̧һ·ƽС
·ḻƥҲһƥǶƥһͬں档
һˣˣǰӵĺХţǰͣҲͣһ£ֱײȥ
·ɣ˷׷ױã˸һţֱɳȥ
Ǹ꣬һЦҲûˣȻĿԶȥ˵ߡ
۾Ȼһ˿Ϸʡ
ͷһ˵СħͷǸ·ḻ̫ˡ
СûϽӣûõ㣬һֱС첻ˡ
磬̫۸ˣ㻹ء
ûµģǸͷҵ˵òá·˵ƽͣɫ
·ҡ
һ󸮵ڣһſĸ޴Ľɫ·֣ÿһ˵С֣ϵĴϣȻԵЩСŲſԶͬУ˴˾ԷҲòСʯʨӴ󿪿ڣ࣬ϣÿŽŶ죬ÿֻһǧֻ
ڴҲڣƺҲϸĵ˵ǧİټǺܶǰˡ
ĸ֧мɵľǳ֧ס˽꣬ӵ·ãӵرãӵã䳡ͽģ֧
ôطʷ·ҡ
Ľ಻ʮˣͬ׻ƻйϸĻҲ
̸ڵĹϵøٹ̣붯ҡôʵֻһӣԼڲõ
һ·ϴ·˽ӣ㲽УûɵɫĺɫТҡڵڽ
Żʮף˱棬һһڴͷϡ
·̫ˣɥ£ҲŪøģТֻͷѣõҲǼ򵥵£Ҫףϸ鿴Ҫõӵ̫࣬ճĺڲѾһҲ򲻵ˡ
ЩǮõһ˵
ڲ۱
֧·ЦſڴӭǶλϵصĴϺϡ
͵ĳһֱţƵ·ǧ״·档
Щ˸ǰӭһʱ䣬˶ˡֻ꣬һǰһТһļǰ
갡
·ﰡ
̾
úѾϰΪһľ裬̧ۿһǸϵĴţƺԼվǸǰ˵ӡ
⣬ԼΨһһпվˣһүүЦӭ˵·־Ͱʾĸ·ЦҲϵĽָǿյĵҩ͵͵
ʮ˵Ҳģ֧Ц˵Цòӡ
ֻЦԽԽԻ
Ŀԣûж˵ʲôһռ֣·Цֳһ־ϲλҲһһչͬʱͷ
۷壬£һףٶѾŵķ롣
ȱãһ·ᦸò˴·ǰһվÿлͣȴ·Ҽʮ׳·괺
·Ｑǰ˵ع¿ͷ
󲮲ֶӻˡ˵ҲǶ֧еүүһֱ
·괺ഥһأⲻ˵ľϲһϾ뵽ϻҵĶӣЩ΢ɬ
ţгϢȥǰŰɣһʱصǰ÷


104 
·˵Ժȥÿֻж£ǸΪھиߵȼ͸ֵȼĹ似Ҳ޲꣬ȥʽԺĵطҲǸ£ıҪ֮ء
˺ȻЩң˾Ȼȳĵطݵ˴˵·괺Щŭɫ
ʲôˣʡ
ү硪иӿŽеĵطУðļҷġ·ҼҷϾ
СѾͷǷһ֪ģһС΢
·Ϊūһֱ·ߣһֱ·ߺ󣬲˺ȥˡʱϿտգһᣬһе·괺ֻ߱ǼūһֱϵĴϣ뾡ȥ·ḻŭ塣
ſ·괺˵
ʲô𣿡ʡ
үѾͷˡ·ḻһǰͷ˵ײãСʹȥϳͣԺҲᷢˡ
ȵȣʲô¡·괺˵
үء·ḻ
޵ụ́Ȼؽеүү˰ǲ
Ѿ𣬱Ѫ£Ȼ
˵
·үⰡү
һ仰꣬һĵڵϣʹȥ
˿ķԸѾһһ֮⣬һȥѾá
δ·괺ֻһӣ۾³ġĺӣÿÿҹ¶ȻСʱķڣһ
ô죿·ḻ˵ϵ硣
󿴿˵·ḻ˵۾Ŀһ·Ц
·괺ֱ˴ţ˽ŲǰվһˣòſǾĶӣ
˭ҲÿģһȻӣû˭̡
·괺ⲻԥıԼĶӡ
ഥ·ʶķסԼܣĸʱʺϸ߸סʲôʱںݺݴЩҡ
ԣԲϵģͼ䲻Ļ·һۣԼѹʲô̶ȣԼؿӿһʱͷųһۺ·Цˡ
ӱ˸ӣ·괺ǳԾСҴһԺȻûԳڵĳ̶ȣˣɣҲһԾ֪룬ͬһ磬ԲʲôϢʧˡ
壬·޶Բų·Ц˸Ա׼
֮ǰûеġ
ǺǣúӣˣôϲˣޣǸô򣬡ͷһ·ḻ
ǣǣϳ˭ðүġ·ḻԹؿ·
·ЦЦȻַһ¡
ӶЯֲ롣
ź·޺Ȼһߵһ˵ܽһڴΪүүТ
γѣղžһ·ǽ룬Ͳȭˡ
ææһΪͷϡ
Ųõ·ޣ·ЦüǸеʱ·Щ仯òԼεһѹȻѹ·޷ſصġҲʹ񲻰
Ϊѵӽ·ЦϢȥԺͶˣûͶ
ΪòŶһˣڿһٿºصġ
Сֱǰߵľ·󣬶ֻ÷ȻĹǰߣûΪʲôԡ
иֱ߹һֱߣһֱߵ˷ֱ±ߣڽеĿλϹ
мһˡ
ֻС
ǧСһͬ˿ȥ
·ޣǸռλӵķ
ˣ
˵ֳ˱֮ɫһǵļһȻö֮ĹǰߣǸҪλðСһõ
Ҳһ߿·һþԵĴδӾԵá
һʱ󣬴Ӵһֱſڣ˼ٴϯȫ󣬶̫үͷһ
һ壬һɥ£ѾǷͬѰˡ󣬼彫ػ졣
ϯϯʮϯеĳϣеĳſһ֧ʤϯƽʱҲϯ
·޶·˶һۣ·ͷһЦЦúչ˺ܴ
·޵ȻͷСڵأûϣ˴￴һϤס·з磡
·һԺˣ˭뵽һ£ǸͶ̫үСӣͷһڴҡϯ
ǼڲĴ磬ͷͱŵԺò͡ԺҲǰߵٶ١һֱûǣ·һֱڸߡ
һֱһʱһʱ·޼˺ԺȹңһֱһС¥ǰվ£·һܵ¥ϡ
û¥ǰһʮ꣬ͬһĸˣЦվӿڴһУ޶
·£˵ع£һͷȥеТˡ
ȻҲ˼̵£ˮʩֻһ֮䣬͵¥ϣһͷ˽Ļ
貢ûʲô֮ɫֻǱĶӻݡ
Ѿ类֧˳ȥж˱ȥһӻˣҪ̺ġ
ʱ˿̻ڲһޣһЦС˸áֻ˿ˡ
ҵռˣ£һ˵Ȼã۾ͷԭɫǲǸռйأ
·޵ͷҡͷ˵ô֪ռ£׺Ҳ֪
޶費ڹŹģĹռȻ٣ܿõһֱûеĹ㽫ֻǳǣܸռޣ壬ＸûСû뵽ȥһң㾹Ȼĺ̫ˡ
ץ·޵˵迴ʲô


105 ü
ɲǼ䣬һºͶ·ڡ·ܸоڣ˫غ۾Ĵ۲ţָоЩ֣ԼСʱǲǳë
˺һᣬʶ˳һϲĶԼıӣӴˣǰȻЩ̬
һȻһ޶
ǣ·˵ҵĺԺ꣬Σȡų񡣡
Եְ㸸֪ڵ״̬𣿡
û˵֪ȫͶ֪ˣ˵Ҫ밵һ¡·޿裬ϣָܸ㡣
ߣͿҰģһֱݣñȻҾԶ֣赭д˵
·޺ȻԼطŴϡݼ͵Ȼ֮ɫǸûеġ
ʲô߰·Щ档
һЦϺȻֳһݰɫ
Դ·ң軹ûֹΪ⹫˾ǵԭ費ģһ֣֪⣬·Ҿˡ˵ֳһȻ֮ɫʮĹ˵̵̲ģЩ꣬ûʹࡣ
Ϊʲôʲô£·Щģٸ㣬ˣҾʹȥǿһҵĶӣһ죬Щδ̽ĶӵʵѾĿɿڴ
ȷʵСһŻţ
ģһȥ·˵ɫһû
㻹ûһޣʥʣ·޽׷š
Ǻǣͷ迪ĵ˵
㿴ˣ
ǰһ֡

ֳһ˿ƤܲˣССĹС˸
ʲôʱ£
úҸӦһǿߵϢͳͿˣ̫ǿˣҲģһ£ǰϵķܣҾƷһ£ƺʹͷʹ󣬾һֱ㣬Ҳ㡣ֱ⡣ۣܺʲôˣǿǸʥŹٵġ
ҵڶʦ˵еСۣ˺ܺá·˵˵һ·ӵһˣøϿȥһ²źá
Ǿͺá
Ǻǣ·ҷȻҵĶӱЩСǶǿö࣬һ˼İͽǸ·ߣɽ˲ţʲôڳϢҶһ룡迴ӵĿȫο
·ЦˣЩĵǰɽšôײ֪𣿡
Ȼ֪ҴǺ᲻֪㸸ǸԽͿһֱĬĬңҵıʺֻܴͼˡĹҲǣ¡ɹֳһƬϼ
ǰҺûá·Ƶ
ɵӣҪǱǰ㣬·ҵڶˣҲãԸһģζģ⹫Ľ̺ӵİ취һֱŰһֱŰӾͳˣǺǣû뵽۵ŮŰˡ
һЦһһ䡣ѾΪĸ׹£ϸĸСʱһͬӿͷ
ޣ޶һȥǣ⹫˵ġ
ǰҪǻɱңɱֻҪʹ죬ܸ˾ͳɣǺǣȻ˵
·޲ʣģ﷢ԣһҪȥȥǸ˵ԴɽĴ
޹Ź
˵ҪعŹʮԣһٸ
صȵȥ
޶˸СЩˣȥɣ
·޴һ˭ɺɣ
飬ǴӼ͵ܳģҰŵˮˣ㻹ǿȥһҲԵú٣̾üͷһ壬˵ӴˣֳôƯСﻹţԲԼˡ
·̳ǸεСӰƨһ㣬ɱ¥΢Цſߣбġ
⣬ô
ˮרΪλŮ׼ģ·¥£ȵķ֣¥£ɿԭȥݵСǺˮĽű߾ͷŸССİˡ
顪ºԺСһȻ̧ͷһ˫ˮӣҵĿˡ
һ˺󣬾ȻһץԵİתӡ
·簡·ʵڲСѾͷʲôаϴ뿪ʱûӦԼġ
Сվס˷ɿ̧ͷһۣ촹£ٿ̧
·硪㡭ôˣһ¶˰첽ǰһס֣ϸĿֿ
Ⱦôһͷȥ۾
·޿񺹣˵ֲǹޣоͻȻóһС
һ˺ܶ࣬Ϊǵϧ֮ġȦȻܺ졣
ûУ·޸Ͻ˵ʲôʱģߵʱûп㡣
֪ߣ໰˵ߺһֱѻС飬ȥһţֻһȥ˻ׯҪ濴һλϴŮӡ
ֻǵԺżλںڻĿŮʱ֪ϵˣһõ˵ͽȣԼҲÿö࣬οȥȴ绹Ҫ꣬ڹŹǺܼɻ£ΪôȢΪϱء
ԼԼ뷴ˣȥգֻ͵һ۾ͻ
ˣ·ûеģҲסһֱ˵ڻؼң£һ֮ˡ
·С¥Ҳ˵ֻǿЦ
Ҳ֪ԺôͣӦѾѧˣ㲻巣ô
Ҳ£ֲţ޵һѾˣ㲻ڣѧѧҲûʲô˼Сʧ˵
·ע⵽࣬һֱʵϣдͬͲĳء
·һԼ︧οֺСлһ
СϾͺˣͬ޹ġ·޶õ
Ϊе£к


106 ޳֮
˺þá
ˣ·磬ҽˡȻ˵
ˣȥģȥԺˣ·Щ졣
ҷģҪҲ㡣СݸһּֽܴΪʲݣмʣʷ͸ֽһǼ߶Ϊ
дţǸɱķ
ʹ㣡㣡ϲһΰط
ı̫ˣЩʱ޿̲ںڵʱ˻ľˣҵĿǣҵһ۾͸һȭˡ֣ûиǶʲôףжãͲôʹࡣ
㿴ţѾȥɽ·ˣҪȥǶѧ߼ĹɱȻɱ㣡
Ҳûõ˻飬ҲʲôѾʲôˣҪܣſҵĽ£ҷŹ㣬ԺҪ¡
ɽɣ󣬸㶩Լɽ뿴ҵǰ
ˣ
ֽ˶ա
ֽǺ⣡
ɺˣ
Ǹ֮ԼɽǷȥˣλɽҲսԼ˵ǲıϡ
·޺飬㿴дĻ
ͷ
ô£
Ҳ֪ҡͷ
ɵû飬Ͳ˼𣿡·˵Ҳ˵Լʱͷ
˺þã·ͬС¥
һ··ԭĴȥ·ϼ˲ϵææµµͷæŲеɥΣһЩТڽҲǿõˡ
·ͷϵĺڴӵȥˡ
û뵽һӣ޴һȺ˿˫ԶУõ
һ˹ȥ·ӵТ˻һνϡ
·Ȼ̧ͷһȻ·֡
·صĺһ˵ǳҪӣүүТ㲻ĨҲҪúýȥӣȥүүײǰڡ
·޹ͷʱû˵ķݡ
·ôȺһλʵ
·޵ͷǣ̧ͷһźͮͮ뷢ߵûмΪ֮һʧЧȴ߱һˡ
һͬһŮӡ
һҪƯһƵĵĴۣһ۾ϴ·ֻžͬ˵ϣľͷƵһֱۿС
޷ݶãҲﶼãŵһôǡ֣һһֶǰܱʣüë۾ӣ촽°ͣͷе鶼ŵһ޷
СŮӺӦĿ⣬ǳǳһЦͷǡôʾˡ
·ȻֱֱĿ˼С̫ˣϲһ죬ͷ
λǹȼҼȵвɡ·ֽ˵
·޽һ
ã˵㲻£࣬лģҪԱȵº˵
·ʧǵĵͷ·ߣһȺˣǰ߹
ȺЦ·ע⵽·Ǹ·չȺںģ·Ц
ǸϲġڸС˵
øպ·õ
СԵһЦͷ·޵۹ഥ
ͦ֡
ߣ˴ԼҲû¸ɣûߵСŮڸʮ죬Ҳ֪ôƵء
·һףСǰߡ
磬ҲãҲ
޹صģ㲻ڣ˵ø·ЦЦþûԼȻЩӦˡ
ʮһ·ǹСЦ᣺үүһĽ·ֱǼĵ¡
·һס´һᡣ
㳤ˣɴˣҲƯˣһΪῴأ边ȻûˣǲǻûҪǺǡ
ǰǰүж˻أɿ˵ÿ춼㣬ͲҲ˵Ц
һ˫֣ǾñĽܡ
۸ô
·Լһֱۣݲñ۸Сͬһ𳤴ˡ
á˵úǿ·һ䡣
磬𼱣ĵȼ죬ֻҪʮʮ죬һоͻ᲻һģҪİ޳ȥͬκһ·ҵСһ·˵⻰ʱһ˿ЦҲûУ絶ÿһֶص˵ġ
翴ӣȻ߸ߴӣҲһСүҪӲܿòӺ
ɽĸоһϲɽҲÿ˵ɫˡ
ɽһȣȦֺˡͲүһֱǸڿүλһ춯صҪˡ
ȼҵʲô·޿һۣѾڹսʧһȺˡ
ȼңŶȼҼɥ鶯۾£С˵ȼҳ˸ˣй֮ųƹŹһŮһ߸壬˵ҪΪɫһ츳ߣĻ¡ʵϾһǵһ֮УǸС
̾Ϣ˵
Ǽˣʡ
·޵ͷĵ׻ΪǸһֵŮ𺳡
мˣ·ҵһΪˣǸ
·һ仰Щ
ȼֻǸ塣һҪ˼ˡ··չӣһ벻֮ߣͦյģ·Լ̣ʱƵͷһеǵϾͲˣŮôүҪˬ
·޵סǸСԺ䣬һСط
һţͿС˫֧°̨ͣϴĵһߣºصӡ
һ·޽СȸԾҲܻûбˣ˫һ͵·޵°ϣЦţֻСؽϣ·ֻҪһͷʲôҲ


107 ͸
ʲôҲһ·޺ͽŸҲó
ø磬ȥˣһû㡣е·С֣ţ
һߵ鿴Σһᣬվԭ˼ҡ
㻹𣿡һͷ
áȻ˵
뵽裬·һЦ
ͷ·һߣʵһ˹һĲϡ
λʥǿôͷš
·ҡͷ
һˣڸſðϷŪҡ
ˣ
áҲû壬ǸŮӣж֣æŸϹȥ֪ǲǸ˶£Ҳûֹ
ŶǾˡ·˵ԭһλֻ֣һֱڰ㻹СЩźãֻͷһ㻹á
ͷ󾪣һؿڣƺﻹЩʹҿҵȥˡ
ããֻҪ˯ʱ˵ʮ飬·Ǻúӣûˡ·˵
ţͷһ㶡£
ǰҲ֪ô£ֻҪһ˵ͺá
Ҳ˵ͷԣȻܾҽһ˯
УҲɡ·޵Ļһ˷顣
ʲô°ͷŭȡ
Ҫͺøͬģûĵطȥ˯СеһȻ
˼ҼҲҪͷˡ
ȻҪСûʲôԡ
һߵĶŮӣѾĿɿڴͬľͷˡ
·ͬ
·Ϻˮ乶£׵罻ʱ̣СһҶͺøһ˯ˣû˯ŵģ
С˵ֱ׳
˵ȻĻˣرߡ
˼ԣҰˣҵģ˭Ҳ
۾ᣬתߣߵüȥվסضڵϣޡ
·޵Ÿ׸ȥ˵ͬһõãҲĶҺõˣҶǶһģģңҺʲôҲûС
һеֹס˿ͷ˺ͷվ𣬾ͷıϣŵ͵еø硭
Сţš
ĺϣŵȶഫرС·޵һҲ޷һ£СֱֱֻĿķӦŲŲһŲм·ͬûҲ𲻴ˡ
·װ׵ĲˣожСһ˵ø磬Ǹֶˣ֡
·޺ˮ£ǰȥȴճüֻӺ󹭣ȴӭϵ˺壬켶߽׵ĴȻ似·޳׵״ܡ
һһףֻŻһ
鼸ɹ£§ı磬úYYһڵóԸһʱĿϷֻһ֣´ξûˡ
֪˶ãԺһһ˽磬ʵСԺһĻʮʮһʱԺŴĿɿڴĿִ˷׵Ĵֱʣ
̫ˡ̾Ժ͸ˣˣԱ߻˿ţһҺзӦ·޷Ӧ
·ޣ̫Ҫˣֿŭȡ
鼱æһҪѪСȴҲ·ôҲ֡תͷˡ
һȺˣͬ·ͬСֱ·Ϊףֻ俴ţϸĿһ˿ңǸŭ·չǶ˽õһȺ֧ӵܣλϺȻվһλòɵŮüĿ续´ֱϷ˼϶һ龰ϺŭߣԹһױȡ
֮ĴڼǶϵһս
·ĨϵĴ󺹣СֻòϵŸ߹ȥһߵĵȻ֮ɫһ侲Ҳˡ
𣿡ʡ
㣬˵һͷַ۾˵ˣǲţģǹúÿǲǺɫͷǲǸƵģɫ۾·չ˵·оһ£ָָôҹ۾ʼտǸŮӡ
·ǸӣһֵĴӣֵ԰һ£Ϊԭ֣ŮӵӦܼЩ
·üͷһ塣ˣ΢ۣǸŮӵķӦЩ档
һͬǰת·ǰϸϸĴ
ֻ֮ϸһ·޵۾˵Ŀһ֣ŮӵкȻһĿǵһûһ㾪ޣֻһо̬ȣƺҪ
ȻĿ⣬ƽȴƺҪӲС
ر˰
֮ӦþܶˡһȺ˵ĿûһϵһС򣬹һȺˣԼû
Ǵûе£κкӿĿⶼġ
Χ˾ͳû۾СƮСŭֻۣһһӡʣûһ˿ʣֱӽ˵ģһ޳ľӡ
Ȼİ˶Թ֮˵
ģͷ죬ôȾģԣڹ֮˵
·ޣҲ̫˰ɣŸŮӾͲǿ·չ˵
ҵĵط㣬ǿ߾뿪·˵ɵСⷳ͸ˡûŮǰ԰ڵ𣿱ҵŸŮӶ˵ö࣡
ҲүҪĶװBɲУ
ĶǣԼҲеȤ֮Ȼ˵߰ɣλҪˡ
දˣǳĺ
û˼߰ɣ·Ȼ˵磬⣬ֻǶ㡣
ǰǶˣҲ·˵
߰ɡ֮˵תߡ
̸ȥ˭ߡһʱЩҡ
Ҫſڣ֮Ȼع·˵·磬һºǹȼһЩѵ棬֪᲻ȥоȻһ˿Ρ
˭Ҳû⻰һڣ˵Ŀɱ˵ĳ嶯
æһ£лл


108 øĹֶ
С㣬㲻ʶô·ޡ·չε˵˼ԣһʲô顣
֪˵·֣Сͺ·磬ȥôһ顣
أŭĺȵ
ûȤҲûǸʱ䣬Ц·˵仰ҲǣȻСһһ߻С¥ȥˡ
֮סˣ֮ǰ˵Ҳ뵽˲ͬȴû뵽Ļ˵ѿ糺һƬͬʱ˸ݣһҪһ
ʶ̧٣Ϊ˭ʿһķʲôʸܹС롭·չȻš
һҲôװ쵽߲ҵȥܻ죬Ҳ㡭
װүأʸô
ȥˡ
ҲȥͷͶصĿͬһʥˡ
ǲֵһңǷѻֵã˴¡·˵
ɣñźȥҸ˵ء·ް
ֻ첲òˣԴϴεļ󷨷Ĵﵽ۷һҲû£ھǸƽСҪǴҲʹ򲻹һƽС
ɿ֣վֱˡ
һ۾ֱֱĿһ
Ŀ⿴ȥ·޵Ŀϻ֧һӲͻأС
ø磬ʲôʡ
·޹ֽһ˫ţȥ
ͷҲǹֽһһҲûôѿ£Сǰ
̫ǿˡ
ȴϲ·磬ûƭСĻûйʲôȻôʵġȥҴķ䣬뿴һ磬ƽʱڸʲô
һۣģֵֹģʲôҿĲ֪ʲô˵ˣк֣ĸСĺ档
뿴·ƽʱĵطСǿɡ˵
УҾʹתתʱĵطңÿ˱£Ͷ档
ˣһţһݣһ·£߽˵һµңҲɨһ漫򵥵ļС
һϯӣһ棬һӣ˼پ飬Ķǵ顣ϯϣϣ洦š
ǲģÿһλáסҪʰ顣
ıڶǺ̵ʯɵǽڡپûʲôˡ˿һᣬӣһЦ߳
һľ·޵鷿ͬҲ鼮ǣеķˣдһЩʼǡеļ˸ĵᡣ鼮ᣬǵ·ƽʱһҲ棬ܿࡣ
Լĺݡ
һ֮бضϺܳʱĵط
·޵ңһ棬ӳĻǴϵ鼮⻹Ǹ˯ĵط
һ쵽Ŀ飬ʲôѽʵ
ҳ·Ҳ·˵۾ʪˡ
·ȥͷɵƷܸȤ
ӽЦˣΪôͻҪʲô
Ҿһ
֣ĸ
ӣڼ壬Ʒ룬ٻٹɡٻٹǻģƷȴǽԣ㻹ھϽ𣬷˫޵ˡЦ˵꣬ϺȻһνͬʱͻأĳһ֧ɫĳһװһ̡ͬڷһ޹ǵϣһֻɫԵøӳصһֻһ·Ĵ״ҹ·޲òܲ˳ȶԼǿ֮ܲƳȥ
һһֲ״ܲƵС¥ıڷ֨֨죬Щ΢Ļζ
һȻĿһοʹܣ˷ܡ
ȻһЦٿջܣС¥ָƽ
һ¡

ǰںܹ죬֮ռ塣㼱ûĹƽı֮Ȼʱһ𺦻ܴġЩĵĿŶӣɫ촽ָ˸ɫ
Ѿˮ磬⣬ľˣйһȴﵽ۷״̬ǺǣҸûǱӲӸҵġ
æ飬·޾ͽҺһ˵ˡ
Ĭ˵ǸаʵǸ˲ģԺҪСЩˡ
ͬ壬ҶӺһοǾһԣȵʱ죬ѽڹǿһҶپܶˡ
ƺѾǸ˴У˵ӡ
ðɣھͰǸʲôң·ȥ
Цһ£СӣڽָأԼҾǣһʲôûôĶûҾΪ׼ˡ
·޵ͷǰᱧס衣ˣػѾܹˡ
̸̸ôã֪̫ˣһС¶һһզġһֱɽȥԷ·޲뿪
Ů첻ǰã·޸һ·ǰߣͨĵİٶ÷һӡ
·ֱáԶֻһӣƽʱɶʮ˵Ĵú·޾Ȼһµλá
һ㶣̧ͷϵˡƽʱļλϣλ£ˣһλ·ڹϵ꣬·һλλЯŮǰĹȼİŮ
ˡƺûз⣬һСź·ḻ·޿Ҳһۡ
·һʱλϯλϴûҲλá
·ŭˡ
ֱǸü۵·ḻҵλأūţ
±û˸ҴһȫԺӶ


109 Ƥ֮
·ḻһ£̧ͷһ˫Ҫɱ˵۾˫۾װ׸͵ͷˡ
·괺ŷ⣬ϯϾȻûӵλ¼ֱڲغһݺݵǸ·ḻһۡ
·ḻϵĺ乾ˣŶһӣվǰһʱ֪÷ŵãشÿ˶̶λãġ
ԭλϣʱ·ҹϵ·һλȴ¼һʱֻ۹ͶǸ·Цϣһһס
·磬ҪǲĻС߿ɲԡȫõ˿˵֮ˣǸòɵŮӯӯ𣬽ԼӺճλó
·ḻһǺĵһᣬûԣæСŹȥϡ
·һӵܼĿУߵǸƮСģ˼ӣŮһ졣
˽طŵϡͲˡ
ȼãɶ֮·޺Ȼͬλˣߵˣ˵壬һδĻᣬҵƿ֪ûʸ񡣡
ȻЦš
ȻҪȥȫҶӭ
·ýˣ֮úֱŵ˼㣬һ˫һĵɫ۾ֱ˵飬Ȼ͸ŷͬ죬꼸ǧҲˣǸеľӢûһֵ۹⣬ƽƽĶżɱͬһһ޶
ﵽ߶ȵ꣬ܺ棬ʶҲһΪʲôҿȫ֮ĴŮ
˵Ȳ⽫еٮٮߣ𣿡·ʵ
õ˵ͬʱһ㵣ֻڴͥ˵õ
·ޣԷ˵ϵȵ
֮һ죬˵ǵģҸһֱڶУѡһ˲š
Ŷ뿴ҹ˲֮С·ֱֱĿ޼ɵ
սĿ⣬֮һһкǰЩң۾ɵһ
С̫ˣʲôʱſء
·޳Է·괺˵룬һеľƱһ
·磬ԺǶλС㣬֪һҵġ·Ȼʵ
·һЦͦɰֻûйòҲֻ˲ϡ
֮ɿĿǸ֪߳ܵĿɶСӡ
СҲĿӣ֮кһ·޵ްϷʣĿЩ塣
Ϊʲôô˵أӣԼûһ˿ĶģЩʲô
ͷɫ
·޲֡󳤲ųȵ
֪·絽һûУǼĴ죬ÿδСֵǿսأ·ͻƣҺдһ¡·˵
飬ĳ£ǲģǻ裬һ㶼Ȼһ޾µĴˣܵ͵ǲŹءο·ҵĵλսǣＸ˶ΪһϹŮĻ϶·쵱˵棬·Ҳ֪ʲô裬ǵõϷСŮⲻǵ·
·ԼΪ
·޿Ҳû﷢¶͡һĵ˼㡣
ʲôʸսһõҩֲ˲ţҽ֣һ᲻Сʧ֣˷˼ǧ·˵
󵨣
žһһֻƱضϣĴŭվ·ӣҲһģѾ·޺ܾãʱҲסˡ
·俴һۣһûɽϨɫһһâʵʰȥĿˣͷ޲
ɭᣬɱˡͬһͷһֻϣֻҪһ֣׽֮顣
һףڵһ£Ȼص֮С
ٸԷ·ˣһʱ֮ȫͣ˿ӣ㶵ĿǸ࿡ס
ƣᣬҲܴһһǴķϷһλ۷һصУûһ
ߣʦһܹܶ켶ɱ㲻һ¡·롣ûоԵģġ
үүСǵЦϱϣ˵ҪսңҵȻ׼ٴȻ߶ǣҲֵܲ°ɡ
ãǳԷ·޾ٿ֮һЦ֮죬·ղ˸޹ء
һãɱĿٴͶϡ
ƤҲ̫ˡ
֮һ죬æ꣬ͬʱ꣬ǰཻɶ·ĿһѹĿػͬϸĸһ
֮һ͸ˣ۾ɿһ࣬䵽ʲôҲûЮȴջأŵС
·ЦĿЮһԵģͻȻС죬˿꼫٣֮һ֮£æſͣ·޵һʳĪĿС
͵Ϯ
֮ŵģҲǣҲǣЩɵ·޺ǺһЦտӷУһ˱
Ŀɱˣ·ıˡ
޼ɵĿˣһԺӵˣĿ࿴
Сôˣ˿͸
һٷ꣬·޲Żصס·ḻͼææ
ү̫үȥһˡ
·һ㶣ϸһһǸūš
˭ʡ
ү̫үϷ㡣·ḻСĵĿˡ
·޷иڣͲʲô¡һߵǸʥ
ȥôʥʡ
·ҡͷ·ḻϷ
Ϸһ¡ǼдһЩʱõϵһ
߹հ˹գϷǰ
ʮףؼʿ·ḻ·޶߽ȱΪصķ䡣
ͬһһ棬εѹ·ϡǵһ߽طһж򻯵󡣳һųֻʮӡ
ڣ⼸ϣ·Ҽλϣһλ峤УϺ峤ǳ֧·޵үүүүûһزȥˣʱļָԼʮĶӣ˼֮λû˸ҷľǸҪˡʱ·괺Ѿףǰʮ֮ǰģ֮ĶЩϰͷӡûùܳΪ
ĬĿ߽һʱ˭Ҳû˵


110 Ҫ˫
·޻ûԼµĵزÿһλй񣬾ʹվһߡųǷ
λ仯ܴ󰡣峤˵һԼߡ
үү
үүһԡ峤ȥ·ްϢȷ˾Žֽӵүүϡ
үү֮Ƥ߰ߵ㣬һӣһɻ֮Ϣ·޵ڡ
ɲǼ䣬·ֹסϢ࿹
˺һᣬүүջ΢üͷ
ΪôүүЩŵʡΪ֧Щһֱû·괺һ˲ų֣Ѿеѹ
ҡҡͷ峤˵ҿ
ʲô·괺࣬˶һ㶡
ôܣһ޾ȻԲһСӵΪϳ·һ֣·˹ȥ뵽ϡ
ϵܽɱأһ֣һǿܾ񲻿ɵĳ˽ȥ
·޴󾪣ʩ
Ӧòᣬж֧ϲǶɵʱ˿̶֡
·ƴѹڶΣյӦӦɫȻķԼڱܡ
˺һӣϲջ
˿һᣬ˵ûס𣿡
һ㶡
·˵Ҽǵø˵һ˴ﵽʦһǿԱסġѾһʦˡ˵ɫȻȴϱɫ
ʱ䣬һɵһԾΪһʦһֻ㡣
£˶롣
λԹ·ڵ״̬㲻
˵·ޣҪ֪ϴεļ󿼺ˣȥң㸸˵УʲôҲͲˣǼļϣοȴǶ㲻ȥģﲻߣֻµΪеĲҵҲû취£ڶٴΪ֮ӣҲӡ
·޲ɫĵͷ
ûҪ˵ôʡ
·ҡͷ
һ¡ĿˣǸͷʲôʡ
յһӡ·˵
ӣҿ˺ܲ򵥣ɲ⣬ôֻӡ
ܲôûֻǴӰ·˵롣ҾʹӦˡ
ôȾǸͨˣȻֻ·ġ·괺˵
׽·ʲôü˵
Σգ罫޶߸ߡ·괺˵
еϴϮ̫ˣ¾ٷһΡ˵
һͷ
·ЦˣһһˣҲûʲôͼͼ涯֣ҪصôҿᣬǸû޵СͷܺʲôҲûʲôֵġ·Ҳпܣ˭֪Ǹ·Լ˶ҵ£ȴͰ͵ң˵ͨġ
˵·˭㵱ˣָҷŭ
үү㲻֪ô·޾˵Ƕ֧࣬˵Ҳ࣬Ϊˡ
ߣҪĻʻҾ͵úҲ
ŶҲˡ·˵
λȴĬȻĻﵱȻֻǴûᵽ
棬ǿǰ꣬Ѿǰǰӣǰֻ̣ʱȴǷâ¶
·ޣ˾ٱԼʱ𣿡ڳɫء
ûе¡·޸ɴ˵
˵ͬʱλŮӣͥҡʮ֤㻹˵ûСϷȻ˵
ûС·һΡ
СﱧҲɿɲҵĴ
ס㲻ɿˣ
ǰȥʲô¶ûɣһ֮ͯ㿴𣡡·޷еŭˡ
һ㵱Ȼῴŵʱ
һ֮ͯˣ˵ʲôңٱҵǲвôôҡǰҪʡ·޽üһ
֣·괺ȳ⡣
·޵ͷ
ףҲףһëײ˹ˡ
˵·괺ȳ⡣λ֮үүǰҲҶײҿһ͵ҷ㻹λүү£ϴ֮Ͼţȱҽ̵Ķ¡
·һ㶣ϵʱ죬˵ԼûʲôҲµġתۼ䣬׵ֳһĨɫͷ˸׵ĴͷһȣȻֱֱĹ˸׵ǰ
һԲ
еķŭ·괺иܡڴˣˡڱһƤӣǼҷ
˸صļ·޳ϷšϺʹϸʹ
ӵҵ鷿һ£ġʱ˵ġ
·ѹͷͿŭһ·ͷֱԼСԺ
Ų̊ϣ˫֧°ϵͷȴһ鿴𾢡
˸Žݣ·˻ᣬȻ˵˯
һԷʰչӣһͬʱĸЩЦ
һλС㣬סˮɣ˯ͷүĴҪһ޹˯
Ҫøһ˯ġ˵
ĸͬʱۣһ޹
˯ɣ·˵ȻҹҲҪģŪԺꡣ
СѾͷٺٵĹЦ
С鱯еĿ·ޣеҶ
С㣬Ҳ˯ɣø˯ˡС˵
칦˵൱ĺãͷܾŲĸؿڣ۾Բ
ҵȥ˯ˣҵ࡭
ʦ㻹˯ҸҪ㡣·ޱǸ˵
ţ·عͷһ
ȽһС硣
үˣ档
Ŷ·괺ͷȥɣ˵꣬ӭ˳
ǰǸݵͷСͷ΢΢ӣƺһ綼ܽһݵվǣǰŹʮ˴ļ΢΢һЦһҪ˼ҲûС


111 ǹµһߡ
Ŀԣͷ۾ﵭǳ
·괺ʱ˿ͷһݡ
˲·߸ʲô
˵·һͷҲһͷС
ݺͷԼ˰ӣ
£ֱʵΪһλʥ治̫һλ£ϣۡ
Ȯ˵ԸСһ棿·괺ֵݽһ
ͷӹţһڹ¡
棿Ŷٺ٣ڷԡͷû뵽·ôһ󸹷̣ôҲһʦ
·괺һЦȻ̧֣СڷһֻܵγϣȻϴЦֻЦú䡣
СΪȵ
ǿĴ߽ܼıڷ˵ĵȫȻĴʹСڵѹأ̧㶼ǧ
СͷЩ㶵Ŀλ·Ҳûһ¡̾һ̧ɦɦͷ
괺ѾȫСڣһٶǿ׳ҲҪѪزˡݵÿͷȻһ˿ܶûһϷʵĿΪȫɫ΢·
òų֣·괺Ѿ֪ˣܵúķڷ
ջܣһ𾪵ؿеСͷ
λʥ·괺ŵ˵
࡭ͷͬ˵һͷţ
ҲףȮʲô·괺ʡ
棬Ĳȡ档ͷ˵
ȮӺεºܣһʥߣ·괺ʵ벻ʲôԭ
Ը룬һʥˣǸ쵰ӾȻҺȥ治һ档ǸŹֵСͱҳöࡣͷЩߵĿ·괺ôô̬ĸСӡ
ʵǶԲסʥˣȮӸˡϲ·괺һҾءиʥܸڶߣ·괺һʱ֮䲻֪ôмźá
ˣҲôҲһʦԴһٳҲһѣǺǣлл
·괺һ㶣һʱû˼
л˸öӡ
ʥˣ˵Ȯ
ǰӺߣҲĶ֣
˵޶·괺˫ۡ
Ҫ˵£СƴĻҳû·ߣͷһƽ˵λʥȣǳǿߣһ仰֮أһС帩ˣ˵Ļķͳλ·ܷΧ֮ڡ
޶·괺׻ϲҰף֫ͬʱķ
һ£ͻȻʡһתһֻһ㣬Ӵڴɳȥ˲伴Ѿҹɫֵ·Ժ
ͷû·ûĲ裬ڵһڣͷ
ȻȻţͬƽʱȵİӺʮϲ衣
Ůڴ֨֨·ڵ´һһ飬챦¼ⱾѾûκôˣȴȻеĳء淭Щˣҳ治֪дٵĵãȴһҲûá
ʱʹĿȴҹķһ紵Զˡ
Ȼ̧ͷ·˫üһ壬һʧԭأһ̣ѾϢĳſڴĿһӰɽСԺ
һ˿ͣҲûУϲһ㣬һѺʹߵĽɫܵǰɱڿաûѾ·ϡ
ɱɡһ˲Ͱ·˵¡
䡭
ľм׷ɣǰʧˣֳһ϶
·ԭزˣ˲תһֻܶȻ˳ȥǿԷܶܣֻգۼˡ
һ׹⡭
·صһ׹⣬ѩѩҫ¡޳µӰڰѹĿûһ˿顣
䡭
һɢȥؿڴһ˳ºصʯ飬˫ֱʯУֱûϥΣеܶȻ˳ȥ
ʧˡ
һͻȻģһֻ½沿Ϯߣ·ֻʱڴͻȻ鷳Ѿ׵ʦܣѾﵽϡ׸һʦǿ̫֮౶ˣó˼ʮľ˵˲ﵽ¡
ܣһ۷ŮȫܵļȻʱģҲһڵıܴʦ۷״̬Լߵԡ
еİɫĴﵽ۷ģȴﵽһ׵ĴɫıܵһԺﺮˣ˪һȥûﵽ壬·Ȼ޷ƮһֻܵµؼĽܶܣ˵ǰѾ
䡭
һܶϣ˽һ˫ȸ
Ȼеڶܾϡ
䡭
ǰҫĽԶܣһ֮£ûйĳһ϶϶һ֣еܾܶͻȻࡣһֱ֮ʹ
ԷĹԶûнھӳڵھϣһǿֵǰܲѾҵ˶ϡ
ɲǼ䣬ˣɲǼ䣬½ɻ״һӢĹֵ·޵ǰӵı֡غͺڵĽҪϡ
װһ̰еӰɫȻѾҲղˡ
䡭
һСԺƽ·д󾪣ͺȫͣˡԼģȻԼĸסƥغȫһͻأĴ򶷣һæң·ҵļλҲŷ
ǣȴǸף
ģ׷ɱĶǸȺеһλĸס


112 
ɢȥ·Ŀȥʢһڸ׵ϣǣʱ˿̣·괺ϣͻȻһתĽɫǰ·۷һͱֻȫȻĵһļƳȥ
̧ͷӶ˵Ŀͬʱ䵽ԶһӰϣӰƮԺģ¹ǸŮġ
·޽е
ɳӡ·괺е
ôˡɳδĽе
ʱ·ҸӰչԵɵĸλ޵ĴϼûȺ˽СԺÿѾӨ˸ܱҲŵ󻯡
ĸӦǿܲⲨЩҲҪΪ֮𺳡
ǵһӦ
Ȼǵڶʦ˷ԺС
˲ϣһЩؼʿҲԺ⣬ѵصĽɸΧȦӡ
ҫۡ
ǵĿⶼ˵ϡ
ô£峤·ʵ˶ûеڣֻһˣˡ
·޺Ȼе״ҵĴϴˣͱٸ׶ˣǺĴǰһס֡
ɳһ㵹׹һ˵ҵĶӣƫ򣬶ʮˣһ»ô˵ţһֻϣһֻɫ׶Ѿ
СԺɲǼϰһʱסˡ
֪˻ֻǺٵļȦˣ붼Ŀɿڴʵ벻ƽԼļˣȻһλֻܸ֡ǵſڴĴѷ죬õղһĶǵĴ򶷡
ϴĲԣ޶֪ˣҲϷˣôҪѵⰡ·괺
ǣǣҵĴ·괺˵ĿĶ˶·ϡʱ˿̵·ޣԺģ˫ֻ֣ҹ縧µĺɫƮݿһɫĳ£ŵȾ޴
·ûţ֮⣬Źûʣ֮ǰ
ҵĶӡ·괺һХˮѪжʡ·괺Ķӡ
Х޲ȻѪʹ࣬·ˣûһָˡ
·峤·ۣ˵ǰС̫ˣǸԺԲˣ˵
峤΢һͷǰ֧һڳ·ǲ²͸ڵڿһеĶǶģֻǿɳĹȷ֮ǰϵģ·괺ͬף⵹Ǹ֡
·괺Ȼһ׵ľ룬һ·޵֣ķȥˡ
ɢȥֻаɳһ˸˶λ׵
ԺһСԺʱûˣش˵صǼ˶й󣬾ԶԶ˿·Щصġ
ĴһֱǿŵģҲˣټĴڣһȥλһֱûһƬ
·괺һã£ͷصĿ˵ϣǷޣˮ£ʮͷһȫйȥ
ϣ·괺л飬·ҳ֧һˣ·ټҵٲ·괺ϡлҵ޶Ϊ·ţӴҲûˡ
䣬·˵ع£˫۴ᣬһޣ絶һֱΪԼĸףԭĵףӵĵλ֮ء
һϵӲӣڵ֪Լٲһ֮󣬾Ȼ֣޵ӡ
װ˶ٳذ
·޹ڸ׵ıϡ
·괺عһѱסԼĶӣδԼһ޾ȻֻһɥڶӵУʮĶǰȻִֻС
ǶԴľϲѽļ£ܳ׿ԼĶɵĳԽԼءӰǰڱɱôܲĶУҲûãҲûãֻȥ壬һоͶˣ
һЦһ·괺ڳĿŶӣ˵޶Ϊʲô˵أڵѾ㸸֮ϣʲô··չǰƨҲǣ㻹ǲ˵ʲôļ϶ģ޶˭Ҳɫ
·һЦһһߵ˵ף˵һ£һֱû˵·ҵĶ֧Ҫʮʮյ·ҴƷ·ЦΪ¼ڰа㣬ǣڰΪ
·괺էϢʱأܾûз
޶°Ҳõģ֪£Իһ壬ӣ޸һȻ֪ˡ
ףһ㡣
·£ˣgţΧһʶо£ûз͵ĵطһֱԺȥ
޾ͰѴӳĻ֮һЩ£ϸϸһ飬ֻԼ÷ܶɱ˶ϵ££ø׽ܼǲܵġ
·괺ĬĬܾ꣬û˵վһȻͷ˵
ǵģָּһ㣬֧Ҫжֻ֮ǰû뵽ⷽȥǧϸ»ͳ죬ܹҲĶ֧ƼˣǸ·ḻܿ˳ֻۣǰųǵ˼û취ҲһֱƣΪʲôʳԽԽ࣬ĶһͶ֧죬ֻܽˡҪҰ
ףҿ׼ˡʮʮţıóѡ
ᣬ·괺չһЦЩٷ궼ˣеĵλҲһ֧ܺģˣ֧֧һֱͬһġ㣬ҵĶӣһ۷壬һʥ棬ں棬һʲô޶ø㣬ôģϵ߽״ޣȻŪôңǺǣöӣöӣ
ץ·޵֣ܹ룬˺һᣬһȻķſȥʵ޶ǼͬޣôôӣҾȻ޵ԵĹұһؼ似ء


113 
·ЦЦ˵ľˮʦס
ͬޡ·괺Ŵ۾ȻĿһһһƽӡ죬޶ȻΪһ̫ˣѽԣǸ߼似õĲԣѾ۷״̬ˡ
Щĵؿһһէ·괺ֻ۾ԽԽ˷ֱֽܵ˵ġ
Ǳܰˮľ磬ͬۡҵĶӣⲻţ챦һٸҲҵĶӡ·괺ܶûйôĵ£ץסӵ˫ּ֣⡣
һλʧ̬ˣ֤Ӹж
·ЦЦſһ֧һӨĴγɣγһһߣȳ
Ŀţ˺һŵͷ˵ܣ۷״̬ĵתȥȫϣڵλǼͷȥŲ۾վ
νˣӣҪȥ˼֮λ꣬ҲۼһģԺǰ۳֧ģ䣬ΪعŹҪλˣҵĶӣ·һȫǻģ·һǹŹеĵһ壬һû赲֧һ۷·͸˳·괺һλӣ˭У
·괺ĿкᣬȻ֮ڣ߷
㸸׵֣Ӧ·ػΪ֮һо֮ƾԼ˷ˡ
һٲἰǸʮʮ֮£ǼѾء
мôһ֧ܶٿصģ֧жٻֻҪ·վһݣһоͶˣûʸλãĽ·Ҽ֧ʲô죬ô
Ц
˻Ѷ֧飡
Ϊȫ棬ȫĽһһ㣬·һֱĵһɨգһֱҹһֱֳһĨߺ죬ǣ֣ԵķȥϢ
·괺ǲ˯ŵģʱٺٵĶԹЦһĵ⡣֧ԶԶиӶǳıѾõĻİٱ
һԷ·һۼľǶŮͬ龰
һŮȫţ󱳳ڴϣˮһԵˣʵĽ״̵ͦ˫Σ޳һ˫ȣһ˺ֵĳǰһʹ·һѾˣһȴһ˵·С飬ʱŮӴôһʱʲôҲѪڣС֮ǰ϶ܹҵ·СŪüҡһ·ᣬСѾͷ˯иص㣬ץŵʲô§ŵʲô첲ȷɳСȫȻ£֮ǰͬ飬һҪϵһֻѣһ뵽ҪĴ磬ѳСֱ̬ӣȥ·ֻʣһһǶ
°ɫСǶܸǵĵطʵޣֻҪλˣطͻŵģĲλ˵ʲôҲڲס
ǰΪӵڶǶ֮ĴƬѩס̵ͦķüõСأһ¶棬ļ̬Сһһ΢΢šһĨܵܵССΣ¶һɽˮСƽ̹СʵС͵շߣʹջӵ˵ĿһͲɵòв¡ССǶֱһװΣŹǴһģɫëëǴС¶
ȣðȣС£ӣҫ۵һƬĿϾӡ
·վ˰ʱҶҲû˺мǿ黹ǷǱʶӦʲôȻſ۾÷ϵ·硣
ˡ߽˵һ䣬ȻʶԼΣżȥһߵıӡ
һСӽ§סȥֱʼղһ㡣
ˣһ¡齹˵
ûµģ˯С˵
ʲôҲûкӣ
ûµģ˯翴ˡ

æҡһȥҡţе¡
·Ķӡ
·Ϊܽ״̬˺һٹѡĲҪĻٻٹ⼸һֱƴߵĹܿռ䡣Ĵϣõó켶似ܹܶ
似һʹùǿ·ް֣˭ҲϲһеУȴҪսһȴʼղÿʹһξͿ壬Ҳ޷ս
ֻ߹ܴܵпһٻ
һᣬСڹܵ΢⣬Ѿˣһֱ·СƬ֮أС£ҡ಻ĲϵʽС档СѾܴˣ֦ҶïԴΡɫ죬ȫͬͬʱﻺתҶҲֳɴɫģɫģ͸ģ̵ģһֵ̬Ĺġ

Щ֣۷ܹⲨ˸ü졣ڣظϰٱľţУ·üͷһ壬ڽҹһѾйεĳͻˣʦһף֮ǰһһ׵ȫͬģʺͬͻƣһ
ͨһ̣ȻĹ뵽űǰݣҲûʲô仯·ĪľƺڴŽʱ̡ڱǰûбĳ·ֻǳ忪ڡ
賤ѾʹУһֱ͡
أ۵һ·һ飬ݴһԽԽһ϶Ȼƿ֮ʱ̵գ֮䡣
һâСȻһڵϵ·屩ȥ
һʱʹˣ·ȵ߳ҡ
һҹû˯ûһ˿ƣ롣
һţſţһˣǶŮ˯Լңȵ
ү쵽ʱˣҪҪȥϷ밲
ˣ·˵緹ùԾǡ
ӦţСųȥڱҪֵö࣬·磬һĴЦܺ·һػص֮ǰĿʱ⡣緹ӹԣͿͬ·һ÷ˣ˵еһܡܿˣֻͬСһͬԷСʱһ


114 ˫ɵķ
ȵָĸˣʮ̧ʱŮŸո
·ϴѱϣؿͬŹܴﵽʦһ׺˽Ҳסڡ
С鴩룬ȳԷһ̧ͷĸ
ĸ˶Ѫյˣһλ绨СˣߵĴСԷͷң˯ɣʱһѪӿ档
ڴʱһֻȫ¶ŵԷٿһźܾ˼ɵ˵ø磬ҵĶǶǲ㴩Ĵ·Ҵ򲻵
ĸ󺺺ˮ乶£ĿɿڴĴڣһʱҲ˷¼ϵʳСһһȻĶǸӵСѾͷ·ޣһݺ⡣
̫ˣ˫ɰʮòɵС
ڣ·ҲѿݺݵɹСһۣ˻˻֡˷ʳУȥˡ
û߶Զһͬ顣
֪ۼҵλզҹ˫ɰ
޸ǳˮС򡭡
һӣ·ҵشŷһĴĸ·ҴԺ
ųԺŲԶ·޾ͿһӰٿת뿪
·һ㶣оӰϤͼæȥ
ڴԺڲܶ·޼˾ܾ߱չһתǣȻʧˡ
·޺𣬼ǰתǣͼվڹսǴ·޹Ȼһ
ˣ˵һ̧ͷ·ϸ֮£˳
ģ
彭ŵİѽϵġ
ĸ磬ô·޳ˣ־ϲǰһס
һЦ˵·һλʳͣѾˣż㡣
ôᵽ·ʲôʳͣ·һȻ彭¼ԼڴԺ鰲֡вɵһж
ʦֻ𣿡·ʵ
Ƕáϲ·ֵܣݵʥ˵¡¶ϲɫһϲŭɫһˡƺҲһ׽ࡣ
ĸ磬ȥʥʦ
·һģЦֹס
·ֵܣҪһ彭ţһǧˣѾȫˣʲôţбҪĻ͵ƫԺĴ;ңҺüٰš
·ͷһȣ彭Żֻû뵽ȫ֮գʲôⶼˡ
ʦҲ𣿡
ȫֻжʮ۷ؼңʣµֵܾȫˡ˵ȻֻһǧˣʦͰ˰ˣһɱ֣ҲõģɱͬҲòʮСɫ֣˵
·֪˵ûһšΪһɱţ޵Ķôֱ˵ɱˣ伫кɱǰܴﵽЧ
ͬԣһɱ־Ὣһʦġ
˰սڼǧ˵ļ׾οм֡伾彭а֮
·ֵܣлͲ˵ˣﲻǽĵطȹ⼸죬ֵܼʹ켸ҹ۸ʹ˷ֵĺãٽײˣܽ뵽·Ҳ˲˼أǺǣȻ˵һȭתߡ
ֽӴ¾ˮ
·޷صŴһ˴Ӵóǰ߶ˣһ˼£һһЦ˵Ľ㡣ǹȼҸŮ֮һߣһΣȼ·ֲִ硣һȺȥ⣬һͷתӵܣһȻ֮Ŀⶼˮˮģᡣ
У·ﴩżһ£ĵһǡôԵĿΡ
Ҳǲڡ
·ҪܿȻһϲĽе·ԭأΪ㲻ء
·һʲôءͼ֮ѾӯӯһżЦݡ
·ûʲôʮȴͷù֮ЦԶԣ·ǵһˡ
ܲ˵ǣСӸûʸּ߹Ĵ
һﲻ˵˫ɣⲻһѽ
ɺ޵ǣŹ֮ѾĵͷЦݣȻһð˼ûСʲôţѽѵһֻܰBһֱװ̶ֳ
Ҹʲô
ѵ˻᲻ɡ
ȺЩҡ
Ҫ𣿡·ʵ
Ŷ֮һӳΪءЩʧ˵Į飬ӵĳˡһ˿Թչʾ
ͻȥˣǿвҪĨˡ·޼Ц˵˿Щ۹ɱͬڡһȺ۵ļһʲôϢ
̾Ϣһ֮ҲԼΪʲô⣬ڵļһŲ¡СӾǸһΪǶԼһ޼ɵԴ󣬲мһ˵ӣ亦
Դʮ֮߾ҲûйкӡһͻҲˣֽҲûˣﷴкӣһŮˣʲô°
ƫƫСӣڷϣŰʮ˵ЦԼ껹ǵһοһһ۾Ҳ˵֡
ԩҶͷǣ

·磬ʲôʱȥҼң֮ǳһ£ʵ
ȥͦæġ·ͦɴ˵
֮һһס
Ϊʲôǲȥɣ˵㻹Ǹءе˵˼ᡣ
ţСүһߵ𡣡·˵Ļֻ⻰һЩЦļЦ
ΪʲôȥСɫЩࡣ
·޺ȻЦˣ˵ãҲȥΪãġ
֪Ϊʲô仰һ֮ˡȻЦҲõ


115 
Ϊ·´򲻹Ƕء˲һ书ǿͺãҲҪԼԼУ֪иɽôилɽʲôҪģ׻Ƽҵģάҵģǳ͵ľӢҺ棬֪ǵǰһʲô״̬ôҪǲˣСôΪأĺ뿴ܴӣǵһҲһӣֻǺܺ桭
ôԵİʾˣ·ɵҲɵˡؾĶ߶ǹغĻ˸˵ûǹ¡
Уһȥġһȣ·޾ͰԼˡ
Ǿ˵ˣкһԼȳ׷С￴ķܡ
ȥһҲ˼ҿ·޳Ҳ⼸ġ·޵ͷĿ֣µĿ
СһЦȻƤ˵·磬˵ϲŮӵĶǶ㶼ϲʲôģҰ򡣡
·޿񺹡ĵһ졣
˴˹Ц
ȼȳŮСӼң˵
֮س·СͷʺСͷһһӣѪ
·ǿĵȻһЦߡ
·ʹͻȥˣһ֮·ҵľӢӵܣܵɴһᣬȼҽϼӭȼ˵ס·괺ĽŲ
л̧ʱһȥġ·괺˵
ſڱ˴Σ֮ٴǸʧһۣתϽӡ
֪һۣ·˶ٸѾôǸﳹʧ
·ֱСԺԺŴ˳֧СֵܣһԷĵȵ
һˣʮ·Ӻе壬ԺŮôǳ֧еĵĩȻ£кܶѾʮˣǣֻܹĽһ塣
·ЩΪѣͷǣҡͷҲԣһʱ䲻֪ôشǡ
ʲô𣿡ֻʡ
ģ֧Щˣ˵˫ɣһŮ̺ţ˵˷׵޳ܵĵزǾͬǴˡ
·ſϸ߸߷ҲЩˡǳ˲ٵĿ
ûܰɣܵ³У綩¹أֵܴʱǶܣȭۣС󲻻ִˣܲͬһСľ²У
ûУ˶࣬٣ţϣ˾ͳǵĿһʮ꣬ͬ·ͬ꣬ø߸ߴģֽ·ӿ壬㻹Ѿͷ߰ɣ㣬ǳ֧һ˵֧û֣һһ˵ʮʮļ죬֧·ǱСӣҪɲзϣҲϲˣͬǴ˸ģ·ӮǾһӡ
Ҫأ·޺ܸȤʡ
ˣ˵ҪӮˣһǧⲻǴôһ֮£ϵʮӶѺˣ壬Ҳ̫ˣ֧Щ괦ˣҺͼǸϲǣҲ̫ˡҲż椣˫ɣҲ̫ʧˣ
·ӿһ˵꣬ͨ졣
·޿ͬͬ飬ͷϲ˿Ϊ֪ӻѺʮǮʵϣܵõӵ;٣ܵʮ֮һµ¡
ӦٶѺ㣬·˵
ͬʱһ㵡·޻عȥӿռָȡƿĲҺݸǶˡ
Ƕ׵Һպãǧ˵Ҹǵģȵǰ⼸ƿгɣٰһۼҳ֧Ǳǰţһסһ㣬ֻ·˶·ԼԼû˼ԺгɾˣǰǰλļСӣǲ溺ӣ
ɽӹҩҺϸۿ֣⼸ֻƿӾ쳣Һÿƿֹʮ⼸ƿһСưο򵽵Һؾ⼸ƿҪǺȥԶܵмĺô˵֧һֱ·ﵥЩرҩ˶ʼĽ֮࣬ҲżָܷһЩҩû뵽쳤һξ͸ô࣬βϲ
˺һ·ӿȻҩҺ·޵ݻء
ʲô·֡
壬ҲҪĶЩö㶼Լˣô·СӣǶ֧Ҳ˵һǷĻ壬ľǳ֧⼸ƿҩ˷ˡ·޿ȥ·ӿﾹȻỨһԼ⼸겻ãԭԼֵͬܡ
һкܶࡣ·˵
ǶѾ˵ѼֵƵĲҺͻתˡʱһһգ֮ǰһ򶷣ʵǳԿ١
·зɬΪ֧еʵһֱҵķУ뵽֧ĵӵ뷨
Űɣ·㻹ܿʲôʱ
ҹ·޴ӹ˳ǰľŶŮһֱƺһþ硣
ôȥ˯ѽ·ʵ˵ǵҲȥ
ԼӣСȻ߷ߵ˵һָһߵ顣
СԴһֱĴ緢
ȥ˯ҲȥԼ˯ţиҰС˵ίֱ׳
ȥ˯ɣ顣·Ȱ
һЦ˵þûһˣúøһ
·֪СѾͷŵ˼أһ䲻ԣҪĳߣһʱҶ˵ֹֻȥͬеһ깦ͷϵССı
鼫ܵİˮ۾գҲգĿ磬оȳˣһֱذʱĸĸ磬һΪߣΪ弰Դ￤ŵĴ磬ĳĳǵĳˣٸһΡ
ӺᣬֻǲԸˣû


116 һһ
磬ҰѱӰᵽɣȻ뵽һ⣬ϲĴ˸ǷǰһСˡ
·޿ŮѾǺҹˣŮ۾ǺģһЦֱ˵õôЩ鷳ȥ˯ĴѼȥɣǺǣ
Ůϲǣһͬҡ
籗òˣݾѵùģһͷϣ·ǿԼȥ꿴ȥ£ɵȥһߺ죬СС£Ϩ·ʱ˿̵·һСһ˿ţմϲãͷǳǳĺһֻұһҹķϢСһͷ㷢СԴĿںڰŹȻһ£ԼСϣһ󻬣·ҡһʪСյϣزӡ桭
ʮʮղʲô˲õĴڣճҲûж˼ңʲôĵ׼
·Ҳͬ
һ·ݲҵĵһ죬ҲǶǰĽ죬·ƴɱȨҡڵĽԭ˵ĴլԺ
һ·ңǹաһ磬·ҵǧ˾æµǴСӵ룬ϵĲߣѼ⣬ֺ࣬ɽࡣָģϡģвֵҰģȵıģɵʵģƷһӦ׼Ķһһ
ظ¥γǮׯͷҵˣҲ֮ǰ·ŵ·һʱȹ껹Ҫ֡ŵƽʣűڣڳ֧ĴڣһռؼĵطҲܹĵĴһ̨
̨ɣƷǷԶĵطһռʮɵĴ̨Ҳͬʱɡ
̨ϣ·ҵһʵսʤߣõеؼ似͡
ʱ·ҵļķ֧˵һ磬ʹ·һֱŵ˴ϣ·İգÿ˶ֵһƺȡ
ȻֵıĸоһֳصѹиһЩ˽ʾղϵĽš
·һֱûгڣ˫ü΢壬ϰ׹⸡ܽССˡ
һһֱڵĹԽԽŨСϳһ
ͷרעſڣһ·޷˵飬ýζ
Ůŭضϣݺݵĵ
ǽȥͷòǿܣ뿿һѡ
ͷС޺޵䡣
ͷҲǣһһҳֱ˶ʱٱҲܱˣȴڿ
˴ţȥˣһ£ʮ֧Сǡ
·ӿһȡʮ˸ͨ죬ŭ졣
·ӺŪ˺ö
ʮһѰңǰ
Ǹʲôͷڷ顣
ҳ壬ҵĶҩֻҪ·ϣСӾ͵裬Ҳ򲻳ˣǺǡ
ͷһ㶣õ𡭡
õţõţʮһС
ô£ͷǸ·ӺϵĺɫСƿܼɵ
Ƕ֧̫۸ˡһʮСÿ
ʲô°ܺ档
Ƕ֧·սǰᵽǧһѺǧӮһô˵ôɺ޵ǳ֧ҲвӮĻʮһͶǮóѺ˳壬Ҳ̫ˣǼǵǮ֧ܵˣǶĻأôӡô
Сһס죬ֻɿĸڴңһֱϵ૵˺һ󣬴Ҳףһֱ˵ľͼ֣ҷˡҷˡ
ұȫһǮɢӣҲ֪˶ã಻
ȥѺǲ᲻˵עɡ
ᣬֻҪѺӮһ£Ѻ·ƺסСе㷢㶡
ǿȥٺ٣벻ͷҲôõ׼һӡҲ˼ϸ·ػǸСһܳȥ
һһᣬȻ˵С㣬ûӰɣֻ˸˸Ź⡣
һ㣬ʮɣ˵
ǻʲôѽǷС˷ܵСͨ졣
ŷӦ˭ܴٶȱ̬Ĵ۷壬ߣʦ۷廹ǷܵÿУȻҲһ£ûˡ
С˸꣬˷ܵˡ
磬סǣ˴ͷһ
ڲ
˵ǮˮƮŶԽԽ󣬺ڴֻǶһûָû
һͶעĵطһƫĽ䣬Ҫ˴죬ҵҲ롣
ѾΪˡ
ϰӵ泳ֵҪˡ
ⲻ賤֧ôôһṦʻǣô϶ҴǸô
ѺϹ
ͷǸһֱǰһԣӺһֵСӣѾʮˣЩƱסĻӶ
ǰŭĿ򣬽ŵۿҪ󶯸ɸꡣ
ܣܣͷȰ⡣ôϴܡ
һǸ꣬һۣһͽЦٺ٣СǸ˲šô뵽ô÷׬ǮȤ
һЦеƱ˵ʲôϸҲȤһѣĲʱգֱΪֹ
ͷæʣǶٰϧҵӲࡣ
˵ҸǧһӡӮѺһӾǧ
䣬һ˵һ¾ס졣ôһǧûˣ
ʱһҡ
ͷæȰ⣺ԭǸ·ĸ簡ţ
ѳȥׯǶ١ڻأһһ


117 Ϸ
֧ĸǷŭ˾Ͷ
һһͷռ֮һĴӡȻͻأĹʥ٣˫ַ૵ţˣˣһһϧ֮ǰǮֻǮˣҲ֪и
ԱиģϷӡˣһһˣûǮׯϢءϿӡ
ͷȫȻˣݺݵĨһǱ߲ԾµĿˮŵʣ磬ǲˣҪٵȵȣǡ
Ϸӣǰģ˿ˣҪǺֿ죬˾ͽȭͷҵͷϡ
ǰеˣѾѺϰ䡣ͷ򰡣
Ȼ򣬵ȻҰǮˣһǮӣϺú
Цõ˵ôǮҶ֪ٺʡ
ͷƵһһôʱ͸ǧããˣˣķˣ
Ⱥ̾ǲĿݣһٶ꣬ŵͷðϼһ
Ƿˣ
ȻͶӮ
˲Ͷע𣿡ͷˡ
˵ˣֻҪͶӮˡ˶աЦ
вţ̫вˣͷָ磬ʲô֣һǮ
ˣ˵޵׶Ͷû٣ëǮҽ·ǣ·ҵĸ硣òˣӮĶѪ޹顣
ٺ٣㻹׼ǧӰɡͷϷų
ϳⲻһֱŷͷô
ѵһһ棬һ˵ʮҸӮСӣȵӰɣ
˿ȥȴǸʮһСü滹һλˡ
ۣ椶ɳˡ
֧ǸЦ졣Ǯ
֧߷߸ɶơ
·޴гʧ֮࣬ʱ仹磬ʹ򿪿ռָóĽ׵ıҩһ붯ҩԼĴָСӨӨıҩ·ʣµļʱʦҲͬʱʩչηܹܶ켶
һߣ·޽һȥҩڼһ·£ƺϾͻһ壬ֱСʱһŻȵ䴦ϳ壬֫ٺ̾һհ龳֮¡
·ʶǿŹо磬ڿʼɿת
һ죬ɿȥһǿٿûСӨ͸ȥ
СҡԵʮֵ⡣
ڶһѭ
һʱ·ſۣһС
·괺æӵһ˻һֱǵĻܣȻһЩһЩҪϵĴ¡һֱϢƬ̣ǴҶŵģ䳡졣
ûϢڻᣬ˵үүˣ𣿡
ɣ·괺˵
Դ֪λȡ֮·괺ˡҲ߼һҪͨһ¡
ǰûеġ
·Цһ˽ֻ·괺Сһ꣬ȥȴ󷴶ҪӣľȻһ͹վǰ˵磬ʮ·û
·괺һ㶣㶵Ĳ·û֮£ΪһЩҵ鷱æҲе˶һϵ㶵ǣ·ЦΪʲô¡
Ӧð·괺˵
꼪ˡ
·꼪֧еʦ۷ΰ֣һЩ͹
Ŷ
棬ȼһɡ·Ц˵
ۣ˻ֵ֮䣬𡣡·괺ͷ
·Ц̳ȥ˻ᣬٻѾһĿˡ긻ǿʱ·꼪һľɡ

Ȼֵܣֵ֮Ļ٣·괺Ƕһ֮ľη
·괺Ҫѯʰ¡ȻԺͨ쳹صһ죬һ֧׷˰գ·괺һЦ˵ʱһˣȥʼ죬ߵ䳡˵ɣʱѵʱһֶܵġ
ֵһ¥һ¥£ͷǰӣһ뱼·ʮ﷽ԲĴ䳡
һ·˳ӿҸ֧ˣһͬһص㡣һЩƽղŮ죬Ҳͬ졣
䳡ϣѾǵƻͨһЩߴ׵ĸ߸ˣһЩ׵ľ͵ͷϣһʱ䳡硣
·괺˽̨֮ϣ½ģеλĸ֧ϣҵˣҲѾһĺǿʱһͬϯ̨ϣʮ֮ࡣ
ǣһᣬҲ;ˣۼﷶΧ䳡ϣʮ֮ڣҸ֧һСطϯضһپ
չ·괺һ֧𣬡ݣһһ֧ɫҫССڿն𣬷ɵʮ׵ĸ߿գһɫס䳡
֧죬·괺һ֣Ҳ˵ʲôһһȵļ㿪ʼʵˡ
̾һϷ̨࣬ϣѽѽĳϷʨģˣƵһЩÿİϷҲˣ
ˮ۵رߣ˵Ĵڴ䳡ϰ˿
ǴеһͷϷʽԴﵽϰٵҲһΧɼĴȦӡһȦһȦһʱ件С
ľ·괺̾ѣԼʮйʧ󣬵廹һֱ׳С
֧ŵ·ӿԵ𾢣Ȼͷģͷһԭ֧һֵܡ
ʲô£üʵ֪к¡
ŶʲôȺѰҡǣ·绹˫ôû߲û˼ˡ
·ӿվ𣬴ӡٸҺ˵˵·绹㻹ǿǵϴɣһˣҲ
ٺһЦҲ죬תԼҡ


118 ͻ֮
·ӿóԲ£ߵ·Ӻ·粻᲻ɣʱʲôҲһ߳ܣҲǴ򲻹Ǹġ
ˣָ治ָԼǻһһؼӰɣԱˣսˣ˵ʲôҲҪȥٲҲһ˵ſһۣһߵĶֺ֧һ꣬Ƕ֧սĵؼ似ǡȥӵ屾ؼ似Ķ֧Ҫѹз֧Ϊţһ֧ǸӵĲһˡ
һ޼ɵĴЦʹӶ֧Ⱥﴫ
·ӿȻĵ̾һ
ʱ˿̣·ٴλתҲûֱӽһöĽ׵ĵرǿ鵤ȻһνС
ڣСѾһƬ׹֮УյС͸һ
ſڴŮͷķ·޵顣˽ʱˡ
ҪʱͻȻһ˵ײײ˽һͷǰ̨£ʧУүˣ
һãѪ߰ߣһѪҺϵ¡
ȫӼˣ̾˸Ҵ·Ҵ䳡ʵоĴ£ӳˣˣ
ʲô£·괺ǰ˵û·괺˵һߵ·Цʵ
ү˾˰Ľ䣬ʮˡ

̨˶Ǵ󾪡
ÿֵʮÿһҲ⼸ʮܴĿʯҡƳõĻףľһǹɴ̣Ҳᴩ͸ķ㣬˵һ˴ƵĻһλʦǰѾ˲֮ءܴƵüװһˣ˰ٽؼ׼
һ֧飬Զϼǧ˲塣ֻɱǣòŹܶԷı
ԭȽٵöࡣ
عŹҲ·ҵİֿʯ
֮Բڽ֮УΪҵҪҪʮһͬ
һûˣ·Ҿŵľϰӵ£еľǳͥѡǲģ췴жѲҳÿһǿ·ңһ·
̨ľӢϾеϵ
Ĵ£ô棡·Цŭȵ
ү˿·ү󣬾һ˱ŸˣΪǷүˣ˭֪үһȥأѾʮˡ
ʮǰģ·괺ŵĿ֮ˡ죬ǼеһС
ǻ·͵·Цʵ
˸͵ϣ·괺ܲ
ǵģүӽʹˡپûܿ˵
˵˵ôԼҵĶ·괺ŭȡ
磬·ЦȻԼ˵ʲôҲǾԵģǲǵãϻ³ʱҾͬ˵ǳɫմ˶ģ㻻һְһֵܣ֧еسٳٲ¶ģŪüܱǾͥ·Ҿٵˡ
·Цһ˵ϱɫٴһǣֻͥһҹ֮¡
磬ҾͰٰȰ㣬·òã㳤֧еһԱ²˾ģļ£ܸôڿɲǺ˴ҡ·Ц˵һһһ
ˡ
·괺룬һлֲǶһѣͲ뵽Ƕ֧ľӪһ֡
꣬ӦûС·괺Ÿոտʼ
ĿĹˣûǰڸʲô
ȻǸ֮˻û£һ˾ˡ
ײײһˣˣү²á
·괺һϵãǱɽΨʮ꣬ΪҺʵȻһֱ·ʳͣѾ·Ҷʮ꣬·µΡ
ô£·괺ʵ
үɽΪιƥ׷ţɽɽȥˣһƥûʣͷҲ˵
ʲôţɽôܣǶǾǻˡ·괺ͷ˵һ´ࡣľǰõģȻ͵žŰɣǿɲʲô塣
ɽôǷţɽô·Цʵ
ū֪Լ˵ǷţɽģǼ١˵
ɽԱ𣿡·ʵ
˼ʦǾ͸ˡͷ˵
ô·껢أôûҲ𣿡ʵ
껢үͷɵĲ˵
˵·Цȵ
ǣǣүȥȾƣѾʮûˡͷ˵
˵һֱû·Цŭˡ
һҲûʲô£ү£ˣһ»һˡͷ˵
磬ô·Цʵ
Һʱ˵볡һ̰¡·괺ס죬һ·Ц£Դӽ´Ļ͸û˸Ҹɴ⣬뵱;⻹·Цµġ
߿϶Ϊ
뵽̵·괺
һƽĶǸ˵ȥɣͻ
ͷӦ˳ȥ
ʲô𣿡Ȼתͷ·Ц
·ЦĿһԣͬʱˣԷѾԼͼһֽ˺ˡ
ʮһ̵·ЦһЦ˵ûʲô£꼪˻һʲôҪ˵
һĳĳˣᣬ˳ģ˵˻ǹҲ·Һ¥˳¡
˵ƽ˾ͳԾСҲάҵǣ·ֻһ¥¥
¥һʮҷֵ꣬ÿ·Ӱӵ룬ѵҵҲˣôأ
˵·괺׿ǵİϷҲƽˡ
¥һ·ƹ񣬵ǰﱻάҵ˸ץˣ·ץģһάӵƫ˵Ĺ뷿ץߵģǹάӵĵʮС檣˵Ҳĸ£άҵһŭ֮£ͰѺ¥ˡ˷׼˽룬רۼȥء


119 
·꼪˵꣬ǵĿⶼ˼·괺ϡ
һɫĿ·꼪Ҫ˵ʲôûС
磬·Цһû˴ą̊́Ϸû
£·괺赭д˵Ҫǻб¾һ˵ء
·ЦͬĿһͷһݣ˵ɰܾڽ죬һЦ˵磬Ҿ˵·̫ͷ˼࣬ǲҪɵ¥ȥô̯ӣüôڼǰ˵磬ϣΪʧְһٵó֧ˣΪҵˣٲУΪٲˣҲʣھͳˣ£һ·Ĵ壬һвȥΣվأ磬Сֻ˵һ䣬·Ҿǳ֧·ң㿴棬ж֧֧֧֧ǳֻ֧˲ȴƿ·Ҽ壬ȥ·һһ𣡡
һһһ˵޲ݡ༸֧˸ͷ˵⻰͸˵ˣƾʲôһ֧С֧ƽ˵ĵλûСĲʹС֧˴Լ»вֻƽʱұֳʱվ޲иеһ˿˷ܡ
һжġ·괺۾ͻһɱһúҲаʮֻҪΪͻ飬˭
·Ц˳벽Ц˵˵ôȫ˶ɱҲ˵ꡣ
ãúã·괺Ȼţһֻϣ⸡ܲԾͻ˳
磬Լһ£ȫСҵٴҵʮµϣûƫġһᣬ·괺ֻһĶûһҪ˵˼ֻý˵֧ռ˴룬
һָ̨ϵļʮˣλ·ҵǣһ붼ǳ֧ˣ֧ռ֮һµС֧֧֧֧Ҳʮˣɣ磬֧ÿ껨ж٣ռ֧һһ룡ڳ֧Ҳʮ֮һɣûһ˰ɡһ˵ĿҪռȥһ룬λС֧룬ǲ˵û𣬽һ·ޣǸһʮİָҺֻҪʲô۸ҲҪͳͳͶǸôһɵķô
һһֻߵܵ£·괺̣Ҳ˵ԼΨһĶӡ
䡱һ죬Ѿȫ䱸·Цûܶһӣһײ֮£̨ľмɣ·Цһ֮ѾƮԾһתۣƯ䵽ʮ̨¡·꼪վһ
ɱ𣡡ȵ
̨˳˵Ǽ죬ڲ£ŵʱ˵ȫ棬Լ񣬸ô򣡡
˵ǳ֧Ĵϡһڣ̨һƬ
磬²ȫ˵˵ѵǵù˵𣿡
˿ȥ˵Ƕ֧峤ϡ
Ц˵ǣҿ˭ٴϣ·λӵ壬вͬĺ𣡡
˵ʣµλУֵߵϣ̨ǰһΣϵʹ˫ּ䷢̱һɫĿ񱩵ĺ⡣
ǿܲʹ̨ˣ޲ϱɫԴ߶࿹
·괺˵أ˵ǣе£ûʲôˣֻһἰ·ޣ˵ǸΪ˸Ҫǰ޶ô֮¾״֮һ£ΣּͬʱǱ˸ɷЦ˵֧öȴ󣬵ʱʿɲ飬Ҳ¸λֵܵʷһжȫϣһ֪޶ǷﻹţҾһﶨԵģԹ֪ҵĶӣ·괺ͲΪǸʮͶˣǶ֧·Ͼ١ֻǮģϾȻһʦ͹ܼҵԵɡ㵱Ҳ˵ûֻǲԸСϣֵܵĸ顣һ۱һ۰ˣ·괺ʮֵ֮꣬޸ңжٺͿʣ֧Թֻٰһ֮ߣҪ͸㣬Դֵܣ
·괺һϯ˵ƽʩһ˵浹һ˵ͷǡ
·ЦЦһߣ˵˵ȥǳ֧Щ꣬ҲС֧˵ˡ
еĳϣλǣۼҸûˡվԺĴ·꼪
һף£˾͵¾ôľ

Ҳ°
죬Ҫд·ˡ
һʱ֮û˸˵ڵӣԽԽҵΡ
䡭
ľм׷ɣŭһȭ䣬ǰƬĽɳԶһָʸ£
ָľ·ЦǸ·꼪ͷǵ˼Ϊ֧ϣҲסˣⲻ췴
Ͼʮأ¼ǹۣ޲ؼ׼վڳУѹѹһƬƾ졣
·괺ʼϣһĿţĿⲻʱĿ⣬Ǹӵסܰ
Сȸҹؽң˵ȷϵĻ·ҵİ࣡ͷе
û˶
վ·꼪ߡһûҪߵ˼
硣ߵϺȻ𣬡Ϊ㲻һƫ̹֧ˣ·괺дΪʲôͲܻһڼأҿЦ⺢Ӻͷԣ괺ĻһУ¾Ͷᷢ·ҲᵽôΣյľأˣҲˣȫ˵ļ壬С֧Ҳˣǵɡ
صĺһҲ̷ŵ
ǻʲôѶ֧˶ˣٴγʩ


120 
һλͳ߳飬е̫үүС·ɽ֧еĵҲܰԼˣҽֻǷάû˵ǾͲץ˵ģ㻹ҵɡ
˵һ֣ǧ˵ӣһеĸֶܣһӡ
𡭡
ǧͬʱֱˣҡ
Ƿˡŭӡ
괺·괺е
·괺Ȼ˵ǼĴ죬ڽֵУЦյ֧ҲôʮλɣǲһġǱϲЦҿȿһСǵսɣȽ죬е˺ܾãʧһ£һҪ˵ģ·һеСӵܣӶ˳ĳΪһǾˣһû
·Цһ㶣û뵽ͷȻСǵսѵʲô
벻ڵľƶ˵ѾʣҪǶ֧Сǣ·̨һѹԵı֣ǽǴ󹦸ˡСУֻĶӲǳ͵꣬·¹ϵ£ҲֻԼţпܼһ·ҼѵǸϵķͳʮЦ
뵽·ЦӦãôȿСǵ֣˵˵غ·Ĵ¡һ·꼪֣˵һߣǧ˵ڵõİʾҲ˳һΧȦŽ̨ҲС
֮Уʮˣŵףʮ˾ʮʦ۷壬֮˲Ŀ
泤֧еСӵ۾ѾѪˣһսζ˥
һʮһ֧·һףһ̨Сһֱָ֧Ⱥɣ֧Сүͽǵ˵ĵ
Ļ䣬̨ȥǶ֧·һһҲ˵ڿ̨ϴ֡
·Ǹ߶׵ܣһ֣Ͼͷֳ˸¡·ϳȭһһǹԼǿܣȭһֱܾ˶Է·ƺʵϣҪѷɫһЩʮغϣ·ʹ˰ľˡ·ÿһȭȭ綼ҪͻһԶȥ·һ
·ȭ磬һʽһʽÿһб˴˶·У·ͳӲӲҴһȭͷ·ͷ£·һֱ˵̨ϣ䣬Ҳ޷ˣһŵصĵ·ûû˵ȭ
ϲ䣡
ϲ䣡
ÿһȭһ飬һѪ絽̨ϣһͷ̨ȥ
̧س֧Ӫ·һѪһŻص̨ȥ
·Ӻһ̨ϣ·һףһʹøǼ࣬һֱ˰ʱ˵·ӺһŽ·͵̨¡
֧кȻкáÿ˶ó·ӺѾ޷սˡ
·Ӹϡ
һսȫ˳֧֧ƴ༸Сֻ֧һ߿ţûԸһķȥһǴֲһʱ֧ĳߣûøôӦ£֧µСǿߵɫ£ͳһľ档
ʮֹȥ̨ϴʱվŵǺ֧е·ӿ
һˣɴȥ֧һʱûȫĿͶͶ·ϣ̨ϵ·ӿҲһɱֱ
·վ·ҹϵţѾΪ߾Žף۷״̬վϵɫ磬ȻѾЩˣһߣòʲô磬ȫǸװƷ
̨·ӿһ˫߻ۣ·ʵЩһ۷壬ȥһ׵Ķ֣òųȫ
ɨһ̨ϣ֧ĶλѾѾԤ֮УٿȥҲṆ֧̀СУʮֻһ·Ÿ߳һأǹϵġһ⡣֧첻֣εļҲΪܾλ֧·ʱɶ֧Ȩ
ֻ£֧ϰмҪƽ֧ģӵ䳡ģ·ҴԺҲпø֧ˡ
Ų״
·￴һŭ·ӿﾹȻԵһĵ˼㣺ô
Ȼ·ӿܾ
Ǹأ˵ʵֻȤ֣ͬҪһһµĴز𣬹ǰΪֹ·˵ܵͣ͵ȥˣ˸ĵز
ŰɣǶ֧ܵá·ӿٲϻһȭХƽЮż߶Ȼ·ȭ磬ȭͷǰһֱֻ˳߿⡣һȭȭ磬ƣ㣬һʽѾ˴ҷ緶
ǡ
һֻ߳Ľܶܵȭͷǰ
ܶܵͷŲе߶ĳֱ˵ͷڵǿȺ;ȡֻһ̨ϵһ벻·ΪȻѾͷܶܵĵزǻʲôȣ·ӿֻʣ°ķˣµսȫûбҪٽȥˡ
ž
ȭܶϣһ֣·һЦЦѾһƬ̧֣һֻСɵܵڱ۲ϣɫڵӨ
ֻܵһ֡ʮ·˾ͶŴ˲ŵ۾Ȼ
СУܶѾΪ漣Ҳģھͳ·У˭ܲ˵ţ̶£һܶܣܱΪٶѾ󳬳˵
·Цֳһ˿Ц⣬ζؿǸ̨ϣϥ˶ʮļʱ˿̵ĸпκʱ򶼶ࡣǸλˡʮĥһһɷѿġ
·괺վ𣬴һڣȵñˣ·ӿˣ


121
䣬·ûһнܵƯĻȣһֱ·ӿ
𵶾߼ͽ似
һ۷壬߼似Ķ㡣һֻ𵶾ѹͲǵͼ似е˵ġ
·ӿܿˡתóƽʱˮƽͬʱһȭٴ
·һ߿գԷȭֱӻܵϡ·ӿֻջغˡ
ǰһƬһļʹ·ӿ˵ٶȻﵽ˼ޡ
䣬
ǰúԥ
·ӿֻˡһߵ˳⣬һѰ϶
·ＱڱֵģѾʲôʵԵĹܵȫƿ̨
һţһգ·ӿһǿջѾ̨һֻšʱ˿̣ȫܵ£޿ɱܣ·Цڶߡ
ۡ
·һֵ˼ûУѾҪöԷѪ
ʯУ·ӿȻһһֻȻĻܶǿ⣬һһ
飡
һֻ֣ܶܣȥһ֧е·Ѿ˵̨ϣһ͵̨ȥˡ
ĿĿ·һֻܹϸݡ
ʦסѾʮ꣬ûʸͬǺӵ·֡
ȵֵͬܣѾӮˣҪŪխʲô
¡¡ȴӻ̨¡
·ﾪųֺ̆ߵһ˫ʼնų֧Ӫϵҳ顣
򰡣֧ϴôûˣҵѵأһоǱ۸ˣҲں
һӾֹжɹ͡
һ˴վһ̨ȥ·Ӻ
Թҩûлָɫҵ
ɣ˵
͡
·﷢˲мһ˵ִ˻޷ܡ
·ӺȥҧгݣһȭһȭеԴһʯ塣
·Цˣһɢǽһֻͬʽͬλ·ȭ˳ȥȭδܾȴһˡ
أ
·ӺϷһֹͷѵһƵĺһ˳һִֻֻ֮䣬־ͱǿĹ
𾪵ؿţ·ӺĿⶼһۡ
ͬһʽһδ·з·ľȻͬһʽͷһȭ
أ

·Ӻٴδһֻ֣һҧ̧Ľš
̨˿޽У裬һʮŮˣ˺ѷΣҪ嵽̨ϣĸףҲѾ˵̨ǰȴ·꼪סˡ
òŶ֣˲̫ˡһޣһʦʦһͷĻ䡣
·꼪һӵ˼ûУһֻܾܶȫ˻ȥ
ס֣˺ȹһֻһɹʮ׵ľ룬̨ȥ
أ̨Ҳһ磬һӰͬڰײȻĴڶӴ˿˶ۡ˼ͬʱ̨ϡ
һɽһƮ鶯һǼ·괺һһֱõֵܵ·ЦȻЦ棬ЦñκʱҪ
أһ·ӺһĽ·Ľ
ȶ·ӺѾҲ޷۾ֱֱԷĲмĻҧгݵͬѪҺһ
ԶҲܳΪ·ҵļ̫Զˣ
·ЦҲ˭ܣѹ˽ʮһ̵Ŀﵽ˼㡣
ǵĳ壬ó֣ˣԶˡ
𣬡·ﻷܣ̯֣ʵ˵λ壬أ֪ҽҪսأҡλͷڹϴܲܳˡ
ϷʵĻڶ֧ȺһƬЦӺҲڣһ˸߹һˡ

ͷڹ꣡

ƨˣӵС椵Ŀȥˣ
ӻȥɣˡ
ӾͲܳһôҪʲôʱ򣿡·ЦЦ˵ԺĿԼĶӡʱ˿̵·ļţ죬¶Ц
͸·Ц뵽ԺҲöų֧Цˣ뵽ŵһѾЦľ
ģļ֮ΣվҲֻһΡ·괺˵
·괺㻹ʲôأĶأ˵һĶأǵȵ̫ˣÿؼʱ̾Ϳ󿼺ˣһλˣ㾿᲻̶ܽӣҪҲ̲ãʲôʱ·ҵļ
һٱ·괺˵Ŀ⽹ؿӵסֳ𣿲Ӧõģһʥ߻һԼҲϵܡ
Ļǳء
˽ɣ֧˴Ӵ˰·ҵĴԺԺ֧ˣ˵㡭
·ЦһɫĿһεײѾԼһֱ̿వеʱ˿̣ڰѾܹӮǰɽˡ
ǳĿͬһսزһֱ롣
㻹û˵㣬ʰһˣһһٵ˵
̨ϵһ˳һǳ֧ϡ
磬ЦȻ˵ĹݣǷ괺ִƣһ·Ҽۿž·£ѵһﲻɣҪ޶ﲻ·Ҿֻ˻ص֮Сһߵ˵
ϵʱ
ӴԺ·ҵˣʮҵĶӣ·ｫһ£ǸӺúøһ˰ɣ˵ΪЩͨ졣
˭ūͣ
һӵһ޳Ӱӷֿ˴һݵֻõͷĴ۾СͷٺɫŮһЩֻһ£λε󡣵磬Цɡ
·޾Լҳ֧ӪĿͷһְһֿĿ⣬жһֺ⣬ɸ֣ȻһϣϵĳأɽһѹĿѪᣬ֧ȫŵŸոʮϡ֧Ѿ䲻ˣԺб˸ϳȥô³Ͳһ֧С֧һеĴѹͱӽһһ֧ױߡ
ˣĬĬ


122 ȫ
ס·°ڡ
ͷдӿһ壬ǸѾĴУӺˡֱָ̨ϡ
·Ӻվ̨ϣǿûһ˿ŵأǶɪɪվţͬǳ֧ͥ
õģҴ·˵
Ȼ˿˵һ˶
֧áƿڴ
Ҫķ
Ұɡ
·޳ߵߣһ·Ц
Ҫǳһô룿
Ҿʹ·ЦЦûһ˿Ӱһ㲻ġ·ţҲǸﱻϵķõһԾΪһҲǶ£һʮ꣬ѽǮĶӵĶô
У·޵ͷ
ûмޣתͷһ¡ˡ
Ǹܼأ
޶̨·괺˵׶ؼʱ̻Ǹ·ḻʲô
𣿡Ⱥ·ḻ˹
¡·˵
¿˵·ḻԵúܲͷ
·ЩĿһūţʲôʸۿˡ
Ҳס·ḻһũǿѪԡ
㲻ף㵱ʱڳſʱң㲻֪ҪΪ˸۵ô
ߣү𣿡·ḻΪ·޵ĵָѪԲ顣
±ӿ˿׼Щɡ
·޼̾Ϣ˵ꡣ֣֮һֻһ׵ܵǰȻһ£һûڿռＸûʲôۼ
һ׵׵ܲ··ḻ֮׵ľ롭
·̨ȥ
ߵúûһ㻨ڡ
󣬸ղŻ·ḻƬѪģһءֻֿĴۣڲŵĵš
ϣʮûһϢ
һ̶
ţ·Цվ·ḻߣһԮֵĻᶼûСֻͻȻͻȻûܵһ¡
ˡ
·괺תϸ̨òһ֡¡жأӲһֱĿһУ
ȻԼˣҲʱЪЪˡ
·վ̨ϣʦλʥȴܼеһ£۾ƤСӵλãĿڴǧ
·޿˿·Ӻͷͷˣ
·ӺһҲ޷ǿܵίĺһĴ޳
·޷ɵ̨ϣɿֱ۹Ǻȹǣַ飬ÿһʶעУһֻҽ־·ӺĹͷæšӺжϴ˵һ󣬳··Ӻͷ۵һͷĿޱȼᶨ
·̨·ӿ֡
·ӿһ·̨
塭ֻһ˵
·޴ӿռָȡһҩɫСϷ⡣
ױҩ짹鵤һˣһ뻯ɾˮϡֻҪ첻ӦþֻӮǮˡ
֧ﵭȻĿһۡձ
·һϷʵĿǸʱѾûһѪɫˡ
·һҵһ̵ſȫˣһͷħһţꡣﺰʮķŵһ׹м۵ģ
ְɡ·޵Ȼ˵пտҰһ˿ܶûв
ôˣⳡս·䣡̨Ϻվһˣ·үүλһֱеϡ
һ·һǵʹеһСܣҫۡ
û˵Ҫս·̧ͷһֻۣǴȻԺ󻹻ʲôġ˵
Ȼһ£̨ƺһܲ·޵ĽһֻһֻߵıӨӨľ۲ǰⶼѹһһ͵·ǰ̨ľмɣһƬľм·Ȼ˫ۣûһ¶ȡе
·˫ۺȻһеСܽȥͬʱ˫һ֮£·޵Ȧ
̫Ϊˣһ۷һʦ׵ֻܺԲơ
䡭
飬ֱ룬һһֱ۾䵽̨ϡ
һ·Ц·һ㣬Σֱ̨ϣͬʱеĽܵѾ쵶⣬һס˰̨
·ûתһͷǿʶϾ͸Ӧٿջαһȭ׷ݵ·ͬʱһֻˮķ֧
Ӱһģһ׷һһĺ̨
·ѾСˣǰһ˫û¶ȵ۾ٵķŴţһֻȭǰ岿ȻֻǵһˮؼĲڳκһλȣҲѷɫоͰǸͷ
·ֻ־ֻ̧ӭȭͷһֻɫֶܾܶγɡ
飡һȭжģæɵĽԶܾȥˡ
һȭĵڶھ˲䱩
غַһ۷壬·е̫ˣսپУ˭֪һ˭ǰܡ
Ϊڰյԭһȭ͵ظ֮䡣
·ֻнַֻŵ
飡һֻȭͷϾˡ
һȭĵصھ·յĿ꣺Сĵ
谭һȭʵʵڵ·е֮ϡ
飡
Ķǵö֧϶һ顣·һ䵽ʮĵϡѪ磬ظ·ȫɵ״Ʈڰ֮С
·ﱧŶӣڵϷֱҵĵﰡ
䣡
·Цһ䵽ˮ֮ϣˮһһˮֻ·Цȫܵһ˿ȥ·޵ӱ͵øԶ·ЦƮ˶ߣĿǸݵ壬ʹһЦޱȵ¡
ûȥȥذŵĶӣһ·ȥ
·һĿˣ˺ܿɺޣҲܿĻ˽ʮ꣬ȥһ̱һһӵ꣬÷飡
ȫˣ


123
ûн֧˳·֧֮УҲʮ֧֮ܿ
̨ϣʹĶ֧λͬʱķǵ꣡ﱻϣŽ·ҳȥһἰ
ԭķһֻҫ۵ľһֻˮܶܣĲͬһҪϼ·Цһ
·Цһʼʹһ·λá
˭·Ҽ
ʲôСһһѹ߽״޴꣬õսʲôôûţ֮⡣ȫͬһ˼·ҵļֻ֮ǰڱá۵꣡
֧е˴붼ЦĨᡣʧõ˸ˡ
֧вˣڿһӹȥ
ǧЩʧĿǵͳ졣Ǹʦ·ɽɫ
䡱
·޷ɽһ⣬̨ϣһĴľѾ˵ܱȫˡ
䣡ٽһ·ЦЦţȻվһֻ·޻ȥףһӸ򲻵ôˣ·һ㵼䣬ͼԷУһâǵ
Ȼð
Ө룡
ܻģеһֻģ޹ķ·ߣܻϸСĸܵ⣬Դһʦؼס
·޺߹һһɣȫУ֧һֻˮܶܣǰȴ׵ľ룬غַȻѾһ·Ц
͡죬ٵķ붼û·޵ظ֮䣬ȫһ·괺ֱվ
·ЦεЦ֧ҲǻعֻҪһһлпܡ
·һҲ޼ɵľˣ·Цӿȥ
·ЦЦһýܽȥ
һӼˣ֮׵Ŀռ䡣
㻹ܻ𣿡·Цʡ
׼ȥ𣿡·ʣѾûˡ
ҵж㲻ͦһӵġ·ЦԵõһЦ
ˣû£һ£мؼҲ򲻻·뻹浱ˣҪǵ£㻹ôСһҲɵ򣬳ǴͷëûСһߵʥЩ͵˵
·Цһ㶺󣬾Ͳ޳
ȻнʢǾͳؼɡ
ͬԣ⵶һ˲ͽڵĻȫȻѹ£ǰһƬ⣬ʹõ𶯣϶ĽŶ˿ȥ似ȥսУ·ȡģһʱѧˣ·Цһѧˡ
԰е㿴ͷС־ϲؼģͷе˷ܡ
̬ˡܶɣʦҿơЦտ˵ǰ·һ̨ʷ׳ʵĴϷ
ģ·޾ȻĵĴӦ˫ּ䲼Բ
һͬѾһ֮䡣׵ľ룬ؼĹοռ伸ҫ۵ĵռˡǱƸˣ
ʯ֮䣬·޽˸ŵķܶȦɫȦǿ񱩵Ũɫƿһеͷ˳ȥ
ܶһȫһ硣еĿͬʱȥ񱩵ڽǣһֱһĴ
һɲǼ䣬·޾ˣ似ǲ¶ŵġ
˴кվһˣϰ׵ˣָ·ָ
ɱ˶ϵ˰
ǿȥȴ·з磬ĺһɲʱվٵĵӣȥֵĶ֧ӵܡ
ˡϳˡΨ²ҵʥôһ˵͵ڳѾϳʵ̫ͻˣ˭Ҫϲ˵˾ɵӣӺϹӡ
¡
ؼײһ˲Ϊƽء
ͬ޵·ޣø̨һڼįĿɿڴ
ʶҲЩȻͬǸʲô˵һŸϲ֪ٱ˲ţǰˡ
֮ǰûһܶźõǲ۾ϹԵأ
ƺƾС·˫ѹֽһܶ·ЦȴһһʱҪָһ£ٷһͬԡ
֮ʱʮ룬ʱ䣬ܾһ˵
˫ּۼ۷״̬ܶһײһҪǿղֻķܶ·޵˫ּˡž·޵˫ּ䷢ܶͷ˳
ƿһС
һθӡ֤Щ˵Ļɵģ
һģһ
̨϶֧Ķϳ鴤Ľһ̣һƬհסǵĹǣΪҲҪ߳һЩ˵ԭ·ҵһ֣ͱһֱӵСˣ·Цʲô³ء
·ޱûжɱʮ·˿ţ·²ȥ֡Ȼ·ڵطöһøɾ䡣
ںʹܶͬʱҲһ֮ˡ
ɱˣˬˬĶãٲк֮ǡ
Դһܶ·޵˫۾һûһ˿¶ˡһֻѪħޣ˳ࡣ
¡
һ·Цеܶײüȥǿķжۻƿһ߸ϵӰѾͷ׵ĵطɫıһ۾Ķ۾ϡ
һֻܱϡһֻһ׵Ĵɫĺ˵ͷ¡
һȫĿΪ֮һ͡ƺ˲ᡣ·޵ȫһֵɫһİ˪ܵǰİɫֱܲ˳֮⡣
һ̨ϱЩԥĳǾͷˣҪ־·Ц
̫ǿϢֻ۷У·ЦֻǸ߽׵ˣף͵ڽ˶ԷС
Ѿǵˣǲǲ˲ݰ


124 
ʮ·ٿ۹⣬˷ľηЩƺһӸߴ˺ܶܶࡣ
ǿܲ·Цһʱ䣬ֻһͷܣϵܸܶոȥʱУֻзˣ
Ľ̷ƵĶ֮ѣڴ䳡ϵʯĽ
סǡ·޺һٶ𡣷ڷǰСһƮʮ׿ռ䣬·һһѹƺһܶؼһһŤ˶Ŀˡ
ͬʱɽĶλ֧ϣûأͬǰһŽ׵ľ޴ǡͷһĿǶˣ
찡ʲô˰ʥ˶ˣСΪʲôʥа
ңһҲûˣ޴һʥʤˣ򲻹ټһУǸѾһȥˣ֪Ⱦ
»ɫּܷƶһϻȻǹ⻪һƬģ·Ϊ֮ܶ죬ڴﵽʦ׵Ĺܣֻɫķܽӵһ¡¡ײ֮·Ҿ޴Ͽ쳹ڵпռ䣬õõֳܲһһ˵̬ɢ·޳Ʈɣƺһ˲Ǵһ㡣
ܹܶͺȴĿд켶ɱ似ױȵַ˳˳ȥ
ƿһС
ƿһУûκ赲ĵ棬ȫˣʯܶڣӳŷܶĿ񱩵
·ЦܷܶɳһȻٽڶٷɳٽᡭˣ˫֮£ÿһһӡ
ǣ죬죬ӣתżӳŲٶȣѾ쵽ױȵľ硣ܣˣйһ֮ͱܶ룬ֱɳʮ׺žһڵϣҲܶϰ£ȫ·飬Ѿûһõļģһ֧Ѫһ˫ֱ۷ˣһѧȻ޴档
ˣⱭߵһٲôĻǣϻˡã
·ݣһεʩΪΪܵûгߵֻһԷſգһ̵תȫĿⶼϣײ֮󣬾һҵӳ·ߣʱ˿̣׹ûʥˣǰļķҲɱ·Цġ
ǵһֻ֮ܶ㿪
·ЦĶӡӷӷˣһʱңȻһ·ɽʲô󲮸үүѩޣ
ǧͳʡ˾ߵĴһгһӣֻ̣һΧ£ǹ¼ף׶죬˲ͽһڵĳ֧ڣΧм䡣
ˣС֧ҪƷǳ֧С֧ͬǣʲôó֧óԺ·꼪
ĺһ䣬Ȼдӿ룬ֲףǱǧ֮ڣֻԮһֱڴ⣬ʱõźɱ˽ڣ˲佫̨ϵ·ҳǣǰС
ʤѩڵΪɲ
˿˳Щûֳ档˾ķ
˿ʱѪأڷ
һĴɱǰΣ˵˶֧һó֧ˡ֧ڣȻиڳսһ˾ǸС
λһ䣡һʵ쳹䳡·괺̨֮ϣȵҶֵͬܣ侲һԡͻȻ˭˭Ѿ޹ؽҪҪľǣ·괺ڴ棬֧˵Ⱦʹ˳·ҴԺԺӹ֧У֧˵ƽ˳ల£ԼڵĴТһ·֧ľʹ˳·ɶ֧ƹܣٿȫṲ¼Σ侲˵ͬ·ûбҪС
·˫üһ˵ôĽƾԼͷ֧ļ޻ֵҲͿ̬ûжĿϡ
ѾԼߣڻһ󰧰ĺоʹӰٶﴫ
·괺Թӵһʱ嶯ϵߣ̾壬ԱأЦ£ڳߵڻϷǳ֧˳·ȥ
ϲҲһЦ˵ҶҲ˷Ȥ㻹˵ЩʲôáǸСйһȭ¾һʹȻֶͬѨ߰ɡ
ڴʱȻһ죬ݡһһ֧ɫ̻գžһ˿ɷǺÿһ֧̻һɱ˽
ʱ·Ҵţͬ衣
һǧһ룬˵ıһһ䵽ͷɱǿͷװģǧ˵ѪȻɣһɱִֵɭ֮һǧˣһǧɱ֡ÿһֻǰ裬ҫۣ֪˶ͷ֮Ѫųɫ˵ɱ˶ˣҹʱԼϻɱһ˶ء
Ҳһ˵ʱҲһݳɱһǧ˸ˣڳ˶һ顣
ֱȦڣһˣһŹƮÿһˮĶ׿⡣еǽŽ·괺үж˭·괺ӶߣŽȫ֮ѪԼ֮彭һŵǧʦ۷彫һһá
˵죬ȴǾԱɫ
彭Ѿڽϴ˲Сһŵ岻ݣֱΪֹͷۣΪԭǴӵĶЩ£ĸıмǣжͽ˸ͷϡ
彭Сڶ࣬ɱ˭ûġ
סǣ·ɽһӭȥ
һ֮£һһ֮£ͱ彭ŵ͵ȥˡ
彭ŵˣ书ãɱãÿһ޻ڣֱ˵ȥ


125 ʼҽ
һ֮£һٶˣûһʱ׷˳һ·
ˣ߽Ȧӣ󣬸ˣһϵ໢һ׵ľ޺ÿһȥһ˳Ϊ롣һλȴòһλ꣬СۣһֻҲմѪա
ȴ伾ģ˸˵ĸ֡
һ·Ѫȡ
һۿ·ޣ΢£ͳʦĿͷȥǿֻţͷֱţͷǷǿĲɵġ
ͷȥ·˶ˣ彭·ģʲôأ
֧еСǣжð˳ݵĹ⡣ٿ·ޣͷϹȻֳ⻷
һһһǧɱ֣ŹǵһˡԺ᲻УҲǸԡ
ʦ֣·ǰһ
ˬһЦʦڻǰˣãֵܴɱһ
ʦ֣鷳㵲סЩˣұɱһˡ·޵һ˫Ȼ۾䵽Ǹʬϡ
նݳ
Ѿˣ
̣춯صһһӹٱͻȻӴŴ˽
ǾδĿȥ֪жٸⷢڽ
ǾճڵĹٱ뻮һһֵǧĽƵؼףһɫĽǹֻһװ볤ĹǹڹŹսһ֣;ԶһЩҲЩ̵С׶׵ࡣǵȻȫǧĴӹǧ˵ǧڻ¡һһһݳصľ⡣֮ˣһǸߴ׵׳ÿ˶ٽǣͬһ㣬ȵĿСһ壬ĲӶһµ˲˼顣
ǵĿⶼԼͬ䵽һϣǰİһӭӡ
ɫӳΣи̵ķˮһ
׹ǻʼҵӰ
Ϊʲô
Ƿ׷óһƬյеıҲ
ֱ֮ӱ̨֮£һ˳ʵĸ·괺·ү
·괺æǰһҾǣʸλǻʼô֪·к·Ը
һǰľ·괺æؼϷһ˵·үãְʮŻӼһСӰ˶ӳʮŵ֮м˺үشǰΪܡүʾ£˿˭Ϊѣͽ͵Σ
ͳһǻеˣƷپͲ˵ˣ֮µǧ˳ȴƷԱĴ֮µİ˳ǴƷһճǳƷԱ˳֮£ճڴˣķԭܼ򵥣ǻʼεˣʵ϶ߵˣΨֲǻġ
˻һͷ·⣬Դ󾪡
ʲôʱõ˻ҵƧ
ԭ֮λǶõģ֧˳׾ˣһõʼұӻļĸ˼ڵͷһ˼ҪƷֱǷˣ
ǧ֧һ׼õģ׼˺ü֧飬һʱ䲻֪Ǻá
һѾͷʹˣһӾţĻʼ˿ɥĶУ罫Ǹڶϵı顣
ʼҪɱӣ벻ڶ·ʵеڶ·쳤ӵŴ͵Ȼɱһԣÿ˶мģûҲûмͥģ뵽Ψһ·
·괺ԼĶӣӵĿʼǸϣʼҰ˶ӽҲһ
ллˣ£Сдĺá·괺лһʯͷأȫ
䳡ϣʱ˿̣ʮˣһ뿴Ըӡ
·괺һ·ɽ˵˳ȥ£պ㡣
·ɽѾһ֮ǰĲһҡݲһ񣬿ۻСһָֻյϣһ֣һǧ˵Ķ飬ɥȮһȥˡ
ʢǧ˵ĺ¶ӣҲԶ˵ΧһЩƲã˼ʲˡ
֧̾ȥ֧ĽǧڣĬĬĵķ䡣
ʧĿλ֧еĳߡ
峤ϱ·ʱ·һֱڻ֮УʱѪӿĸ֧вһվһ𡣶֧еʵʲٿߣҲվһ˫۾ЩնĿ˿ܻӡ
Ȼܾһֻѵʨһ㣬ֱֱ·ޡ
磬峤˵
Ҷӡͷ仰Щûͷûԡ
ȻΧһȦȦھ·ϵǿĴڣ
޶·괺ĵĿ۶ӡүү
ѾΪȫ˶ʵĸȰӡ
·ĿûеļᶨԭҸףұ
˵񱩵һ˳֮⡣
һһ˸׵ľվϣͬһŻ뷢ҲҪȼˡгֵһֱ֧ܵڻ﷢˵ȶȡȻҲֳһְɫ⣬·ҲоĿֲ¶ȡ
ͷ·޵ͷģ㲻·ӣǸϱ̬СһֱѹǣҲһ˵ĸòˣֳ̬·괺ʮһԾΪޣɫˡһҲ磬ûʮͼΪߡعŹûˣ˶㣬˵ʵһֱмܻٵ㵤Ǹˣòôң·ҵĳ֧ǳ֧ﵽʲôˮΪʲôϵĳ֧ѹö֧
һĮĿһ۵ϵĶӣٲ˵ǰһܵȻ
ɱԸ


126 ս
ͷһߵ壬ȻһֱֱĴ̳ϰֱܻ˳֮⣬ǰȻХеγһֻͷ֮Ρ
һ·ɽһû뵽ܾȻ͵͵ѧˣʷֻλɹ֮һĴ磬Ӣŵ·硣׸߼߽׵似ѷɫκεؼģֻûؼ֮УΪﵽһԸӵĵز
һͣͿԺڹŹ
벻Ȼˡ
·ӭȥΨһܹ࿹ıܣһ̴ﵽ۷壬еֱܵһ⣬ûܶȥӣֱӭȥ
ľ֡߼߽似һƬ֮ӭϡ
䣡
һˡһȻϡ
߼Ը߼һ۷壬һİ˽״ޣƴľʹӶ˵Ĳ̶Ժб
ÿһ·ֵһڵͷſһֻͷһǿһΣƺÿһӵһ·ΪȻĲΪӪϳɳأ²ƿս֡
䣡
һˣʯ׷ɣһ϶ͳɳ״ı鲼֮䡣ǾĶǣĺˡģֻһƬɫıһſ񱩵һڴ䳡ͨĵƻ£ҡ
͡ĺӣͷҲ֪Ǳ˻𣬻ǻ˱
˶ʮغϣ·ֿʼˡܲһףܴѾͷƴĽˡ
·޵ĿԽԽ䡣ʮʽξˣغޱȳصĻ˳ȥ
Ѿȫѹס˻·ֵÿһгأͬˮлӵѾȻ޴棬һأ
غ䣬·һȽһֻջܵһֻ֧ܶ˳ȥ
¡
ʮͷĿЩңеѪɫȴŨ˼֡
֮ľһ·ֵ͵͵Ľһһ
ȻЩ䣬ͷһߵӰСࡣ΢壬ͷֱֶ·ޡ
·ȻͷһеٵתһֻܶܣŵĶŶ֮ˣǿʶѾΣѾ١
һ·ֱֱĿ·ޣСӣ·δļҲǼ·Ϊ̬ߣҲò˶ΨһһλʣЦһ£̱ǳֳһֹĻȣһλ۷ˣΪʲôڴ֮ǰչʾأҾͲΪʲôˣΪ˿˳ɱ˶֧ô
չʾǾͲ𣿡ﻹû¶ȿԡ
ͷһ£ȻصҡҡͷҲЩ졭þô˵ģѾʮ׼ΪıġֻЩȰ
ҲǣԽұɱ㣬֧û㣬н졣Ҹײͬ⣬Ҳүү̫
š·͵ĵͷСӣ·ӣݣǣҵķǿֻǺúӣүүֻˣ
˵ţͻȻһ졭
ұҵĶӣĶһһɣ±ӱڴ塭
˵꣬ۺȻˣһ죬һϢʹ³
޾ݵϢʹ˳һֻ񱩵ͬԡڻеĳɫһλһĴͻ޵ֱﵽ׸£ԡ·޳˹ȥ
ﵽߵľ޴һأһ޿ӣʯһϰգԳҵĻ滯촷ۣڿγֻľۣ׵Ļ棬ȫܽ·̽ڡ
޶˫޵ޣ켶似·϶һܶܵס
ɳӣ·괺ʧе
̧ͷȥһ˸ߴʮɵĴϣӭһλƮƮӡǰɳ
һȱӰƵһͬŴӡ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱǶʲôʱģϸ׶ϣ̩ɽ
·û̧ͷȥûŅ̀ͷʱ䣬ܶʧͬʱ˫ֻǰһ̧һֻѹһɫܲɣһȴ׵ĹܣܲĻ﷢ŲϵײһȻͬܲڱ仯һֻתľ޴ܶ˲ͷųȥ
ƿһе켶ɱ似ײѾǰһԶһϡ
ٽӽ·ǰһ״ײһ
ûз磬Ӧеķ籩֮ײһܾú˵ĶСˤɫʱǰһĻӶײһ͸ǽչ
¡¡
ζɽҡضʹз
˺һᣬΪʱͣˣ˻þʱ廹ײһֻӴѾ⻪ⲨһļȥĻҲλεѾСЩҲСöˣһֱ˫֣˫۵·ޣɫͨ죬Ѫһ㣬ܹܶҲݽߵĵز
·ֻԵĸɱ࣬Ҳƺ˼֡
˶ͷ˭ȷ˭ͻ
Ϻˮ˴ʱ˿̣˭Ҳ޷ֽȥЩĪӦԳһ޻治Ķ֡
һ۸߿ǸȱӰҲһ֪Щʲô
ʱţ·ֺȻǰһ
ƺһǴЩצµظ롣
·ֻѪڣϢЩҡܹܶڻϣԼţ似Ȼܹ־ͷţһ֪⼸;
ǿˣѾˣǰѾͷŹһֻܶˣʱ̣ܴﵽʦף˵ϡ


127 켶
͡СϵҶӲ£һ¾ͻһƬٵͷųȥͲ֧켶似ġ
ʱţûһϢ켶似ͬʱԭʧˣӦеײûܷлһΣﻯȥ
ܹܶһʧͬʱҲ֮ȥˣ·
켶ɱȥһһףףӶ˽һֱչȥѷ죬ҲҲڹӰӡ
·һ··ǲŴˮ̳ģϣ˫ϥ뵽޸֮С
·ִʼҲûһ۾ȻֱʣɫѾûһһʧ˾ʹĵϽѳȥˡ
ˡ
壬ˣҲ͵˾ͷ
ǰȻֱǿͷû
ȫȻ֧һᣬվˣ峤·ᣬߵ׸ǰݻƵ֣һһˮĨȥˡȻƽڵϣһʱȫ˺һ̧ͷĿ·ޣһֻɫܱѾ֡
֣֣Ц֣з֣һɱ֣ʣһ㻹ɱ𣿡
˵ûɭȻһڵϵ·мĵ棬ѾһƬŹѣ·ߵóء
塭·괺йһȴ˵֪˵Щʲô
ɱ練ƣ·޺Ȼ˵۾Ҳûһ¡
סˣȫ¡
˵仰鲻䣬ֻǽһֻ־ٵǰ
һֻһҲȥ·һëҲ򲻵ȴСʦĿռС
·ھ·޻׵ĵطվסˡĿǰ꣬Ȼû˵ѣԼĽޣеܱ
ָоһʱռȫʶ
±ü׾롣
ͣ
ûսˡ·˵
·û˵һߵ죬йǿҵ˷۾˸
ҡҡͷһ˵㲻ǸޣڻǸһҲСֵĶ֡ϼٿС̬סҲҿء
Ǹʥ峤һͣסˡ
ǰǣҾܴù㣬˲˵ѡ
أ·һָǸꡣ
˵ҪǲƴҾлᣬҪƴҾͰҵķŵ۷壬ܲӵˡʥһԾԾԡ
ʮˣû˵ڿ仰һ˵䳡Ͼһͬһ
ʥĻжǻġ
峤Ͼվھ·޻ԶĵطһһжǸƺеꡣ
ÿζԼ㾡ȫ·޾ͲףԼսôôء
ʱú
Ȼ·괺峤Ϲȥ
壬ֶ֧˴ظɣҲԶ֧ʲô֮٣һ糣֧ǰʲôԺҲ䣬Ȼȥλˣλ֣·ȥ˭ļûѹǵģʱǶֻ·ҵˡ
峤һ㵣ڵء
֧кȻվһˣе˵ĿģǶء
Ȼ·˶أ·괺йʳ֮ŵ
˵ͷȻһ֣˵һȥ
ƽʱ٣ҲǶ֧еĸ֣ʱѾٲȻΪ֧еĹǡ
ѾھеĶ֧ˣΪټǨˣû뵽õôŵĻپǿȥ׷׵ĸһͬ䳡ȥ
ܿ죬֧ˣͬĺ˵ȣ˳ȥԭֻʮˣվŲ
ҵӣĳ˴Ժ
һλһˮعͷ˵ͷ
·괺Żվԭʮˡ
Ҫûүү塣һ׳˵
·괺ͷ
ǰϵ·֣·Ц˱·׳һѽ峤ϱ𣬼ߡ
·ŭС
˳˵үү֧ڲ㣬ٻɣɣ֮䣬ʧҹɫ
£Ψһʣһ·ḻѪ⡣
֧ȥɡ·괺˵ȫ
һӺ󣬴䳡ǰֻʣ³֧һˡ
·괺˻֣ûҪߵ˼·ӿ˵Ҫȳ
·Ҵ䳡ʱʪһϸܵ飬·޸ϾӨ͸һ㡣
·޿Ȼţһż׵ϷЩ΢ĺ
ţҪܾúܾòһνƳ޾ݡ
ˮϢڴϢϵأֱϡ
΢Գһ˿ʹ·޲סļӿۡ
Ȼһ㲨ȷֱ˳һ֮⡣
һߵ̾Ϣһͻˣһıߣ
ﰡ
ſ·ɫƺŨһЩգһ
վ·޲ķ֣ǰ֧˾ȻڡǰһŶĻʼӣɫؼҫΧһǧ˵Ľڣǳ֧һˣС֧֧֧֧ûߣһֱϢһˣ˵Ĵ䳡ϣֻһڶ
˵ĿͶܣûһ˿⡣
еĸϣ£֧еļҲûߣȺһ
Сȴӵ˯ˣѵûѹСˮһһĵεĺϡ˯Ҫ಻žж಻ţ˯Ҳѵá
û˰ɳĸ׻ȥˡ
˵Ŀվ·ЩǸȻ˵ôû£ʦһ˱Ҿͺá
ͷһۣҲʦĳ棡
˰Ц
·괺ã˵ذɣ֧⣬Ҷˡ޶û£·ҵĴ󸣣˼λгϵ£Ҫſôʹ
֧ŸԴء׷׻صԵԺӣǵ˽ô𾪺飬·Ҽ壬ͬķˮһһϵ
·ӺŲҶ˰ӣ


128 ͬ
·괺ǰߴ·Ǹ˶ӳȣ˸ں棬һͬö
׼磬һ¡
·޶˶Сε㣬ͷһ˦첲˯ģ˹ÿĴһ۾Ϳ˶ߵ·޴硣
û°ɡЩ˼˵Żˮı
Ҫ£󿮾Ͳô˯˰ɡ
˺ãԶµġ
·޿Լһ˫֣˫Ѿ˼ˣľǷţɽҲмˡ˵ԼãԼɡ
ʦ˵ģ֣·޾ͷ治һвţ
Ƕˣſ۾ߵĿˮҺ巢Ҳʿˮ˯̤ʵȥ˯ø磬Ұɡ
ӣ̫ƨƨˣóԷˡ·޺Ц
ʼӰ˳ϯףƴǲҲϸš·ԭԼλáֻû취ȥ
һȺСǽ棬޵Цһ˼ľơ
Ŵһң˵·á
ɡ·괺˵
֧еһλˣСͲϰ䣬ҿ˸ûҲ˺ùЩһ˼ʮĹ٣˳µĻա·ΪǮܶѻɽô£һֱװƣ·괺ǳĲ֪Ҫÿصһڼϵġ
ιµӭ˳ȥһᣬһˣ󸹱ĽһǰһϯĽ׻ʱһ
ܲǰ·ɽܵǰãڵһϯǰ
֪ʵʧԶӭС
ӳվһЦ˵ˣ¹ȵһݣֻǹʮŵ֮Υûȥš·괺үû£Щ治ýˡ
ǣǡ·ɽﰵػ棬ͷһݡ֪ôĿɽ˵ʲôҲҪǰġ
꣬㡣
·괺к·޹屲·ɽơ·ɽ˵ңϢͨжĿһЩҲһ
ǰһֱԵ꣬·ɽôҲ벻һٴɱϣи޵·ЦԾмĴ£ò϶ã¾ͻΪ֮Щ˿ҲԲˡ
¾зһŵ˿»ŵˡ
·޹ƣһط١·ûʲôӡ󣬲Ҳȥ
·޾ת󣬸Ҳ
վ˫汭΢ӣͬǰľһλӡ
л;ơһ·תſ
·ɽϵĺ৵
ԼոˣʧۣĴһΣĹλ˵ˡ
ʮŻʵҪģĶ·˵ǰ·£ֻҹ̶һٽһֻ·ָ۶£Ϊƽļˣٸ׷ĻͿԽµͺá
·޵ͷƺҲûʲôԡʱ·ţƵҪˡͻȻðӣƤҪ̲лֶûС
·ÿ붼Ҫȡ۵ģһлƨòЩ²ǹ⿿˵ܳɵġ
ҹ·޵סżˣ伾аиüĿ续һꡣСˣĿȥգҲգۡһ죬Ȼһñ¶һͷٲƵĻһ
ǸƵģ
·硭
·һԭǽЦԼ߻˲һ죬ſ
֣еʲôȵ
·Ŀλ֪ôĴʦ֡ĸԡ
ʦ塣͵͵ĽйݵϾȻһ˿ġ
ǣʲôνģ㿴ҵıˣܱģҪܳһԸöá
ʦǲ׳𣿡
ȥ׳ԣޣʦأʦͷűӲ㳤ģΪСѾͷԷκε˵Сˡͷ⡣
ϸ죬תߣһ±СѾͷסһ
ý㣬һҮҲбҲ޸ø磬ǸС㣬Ƕ޸һˣôðֶ̫ˣֶ§ˣĸһŴһˡ
һӵˣľ
ְ֣ͷһߵĿŵӡ
飬鷳ȰСȥ·ȡ
ϴ壬ըĿֲϻݡ
·ʦֵ£ϲ˾ǰ˵ֺ¡
·аʵ£Ա
ֲһʱ䣬ǸŮӺȻ˺öࡣаɻʣǼǶѳ°ʦܣʦһ㡣
һ֣µӣ·ͷˣýźҲҪ˵ʲô
ҿɴ򲻹ǸŮӣٰҸаˣҿҪӳӳļˡ·ҡͷ
аҲֻʦпܽʤѽʦܣ㵱ҪڰյһճͲиܺ˵ֻҪҵ彭ŻȫԸɱ
ʦ֣彭սһʣҲܵˡ
һԲŻɱ¡
ҲõҳʵİɣǲȥģҲʦͬȥ˭̯ء·޿һʦͷԼĺӾһѣ˵а档
ͬȥ˵
ʥɣȻҿ϶ɵġ·Ȼ˵


129 ô
һֱǳΪʵ£еңԶ·뵽ǸңԶԴɽҲһܸڶռǡ뵽ȥһĸ׵ӡ
Ҳ󣬾Ϊ쵽
̫ˡü
Լɣ磬ڲǸޣǸģɻʰɣˡ·˵
ҡһףԽԽô
Űɣô񲻸˵һСʻֵ·˵һתͷʥһıġ
̸̸ҹʹҵͷϢ·͵⡣
ջݣȻתأֱĿ·޺һᣬһǵ˵о𣿡
·޵ͷ
һ˯ĺáСϱ˯˰ɡ
·ֺӦ˯ˡ
ôģͷʡ
ʲô·޲ס
ǸСѾͷҲ·ߡôỹ֮ͯأͷһʳҲ˯ŵӡ
·޺עϱ̫࣡ݺݵ˵
⵹пܡͷٺһЦ߽鷿鷿ſڴѾ˯һˡ
ͷС߽鷿·кһжһֱڵĲеƺʱ޿̶һ˫۾һһ
ʦҲоˣҲУָоʱͻأĳ·޵ࡣ
ʮǰǳΣһӿͷѵһ·΢üͷԷ
ŽŮӵ˯ˣڱֽŵİ£ʹࡣǶ𣬽һˮ·ӿ·ܶҲ᲻ƾԼݲҵϢڣ񾭴ҡ
һʵʵĴǹͶ
ȽһЩԼĿţѲӦ¶ĵطȫ˳۵ļˮһԻۡ
Ӵˣ̫ʢ
·ŵ߳Ŀɡ
ң·޵һ˫ôҲѴԺȫˮǶƺŵǹɴܰ㡣Ϣ͹YYһϵˣۣƺСַС촽ˮ¡
Ĵ̼
ѽ֣һεҡͷ
ͬҹ£ˮӹСЩ塣ϥʯϣһƲѾܾˡ֪һ߳ߺһϧĿһᡣ
üˣ乻ˡ
˯Ű

عͷŮһĮ
ʦ尡ϡ˵
֪Сﱻ£ûѰСŮŤ
֪ҪգСѾҹ˯ãϽۼɱϣ츳ܵе꣬ԴϴһߣҲŲˡУ꼸
ŮûʧʱȸԾʱҲ˵һ仰µӣĺγζӳ¡һкŮˡ
䲻ߵŮӶĵ˵꣬Сתݡ
յһǣһݳӰС֡
Ǽ伫ͨ󷿣ķӣԺӣճǶţë
ơƮһǰš
ˣү˰ͽһЦ
ҲԽţ·㲻մһ㣬һӰǰ˵磬Ǵˡ
˺һڲ˵ͳӣ˵ô˵Ͼ˵Ķˡ
ڿǵġǵ˵
ʲô˷˵һֱ˵ʥһⲻǷ𣿵һ£ʥˣ˵˶һ֡ߣ˵꣬һ
ҹɳɳϸ졣ľһӣһ
ôȻֱһ赭дЦʧˡ
иʥô˵
ⲻ֪𣬲ȻҲ׷ֻöʥûǸʥǸڵЩŭ
ǰҪ˵ǣȻûյʵǸʥ˵һ仰
˵ʲô˻ع
峤ҪƴǸɱ𡣷˵練ơ֮ʥ˵һ䣬˵һܴޣǸĻﲻƴаգƴǾֻķܵù죡
С
˷һϸ˵˵
ӦһݸߵĺСţͷ˽ȥ
ںܼ򵥣һһһΣһˣббڴϣһ˫۾ˣ˫۾Ȼ΢΢ķĹ⡣һڣһɱ֮ݸߺһס
ϰһֻһ£һͷ׷һŲҰ׵һֻݳ֣룬ģͬŮ˵ƣһ˵ﲢûоոǴû
ǸŮ
ǣһԶʮݵļǷһü˵ùʥ˵ľô
ǵģ硣˵ģߵǸʥԼ˵ġ
Ͳթ
Ҳģҵʱ仰ΪҾڶ⣬ܸо仰ķ
ôأֱ壬֮Ӧһװ˵ĸӣ˼뻳ȡһֻСƿȡһֻС֥һУüͷһ壬鼫ʹȥ
ߣɾһʥҲţֻһֿܡ
Ϭ۹һɨأ˵ǲģռ䣡
Ȼ̧ͷԷһĲ˼顣
˵Ź󲻿ܷģû񼶵ߣûʲô񼶵塭
ٺ١֮˺ȻһµأɫĿ۴һӣȻһɫļͷ½ϡǸüѪãһ˫ۿȴʢһһɫһƺ
ȻˣǻѵʲôϿɽȥмЩǣһͬȥңصߣҰ񼶵ĶҳϻֻҪһ٣ͻǷҲòˡ
磬˵


130 
ֻռ˵һСˣǸﱻ֮ˣȥռûʲôָȥɣճһƬҲҪ
԰ݸߺһ֣ȫͨмĹؼǴӢȥһǸ缸һͬȥ
ЦտתҪߣȻסˡ
а硣ͷޣǼǸͳԵȥˣ򲻹ġɫͻ䣬˵Щӡ
ôñԼأٲϽҸĸģ±߰еĻҵˣŹ䶯ˣֻҺﶼùŹ죬ޣ滳ôģ
ݸߵĺŲӣŭ¶ڨڨֺõЦԽЦԽǲã·ˮµĹβͻ
˵ǡ
Ǹζռģ϶ǸȻһ壬Ͻȥ°ɣʹһôٵǸʲôˣǣȵյϹŹߵʱǾ͵ŷɣ
⼸䣬ݸߺüЦ
ڻԭǸмԺô˵ҲǶҾ벻ףʱ˿̵ΪǸԺòŴˣʲôֵѧأ
*һʹӰɫѿĴԴԴϵӿֱʱҡҡλεĴ׹Լ˼Ұһ֧СľѾӳˣԼȥ߶ҪһΪʲôҪӣǾƤӷҪѪͷˡ
صϣɫĵһ£˰죬Լһ˵ĺá
ģ϶ھͺˣסϧ벻ȻĻԼòűһˡ
·Ҵֵͷһң֧ĸڣʱ˿̣һ֧ļλ̸һ¡
󣬳֧Ҫ֧˵ȹ·ɱλгߵĳʹ
ϵһˣҲ֧ԣͳ˵ɱ
С³ĸֵʱͬʱһס￴˿ȷһֻ͵ĲӬûвųһ
үү⻰˵ð·ٲǴǰˣ֧ȫҲϱ°⻰ٲ˵·޿϶ǲģǸֻȥͱ˵ˣ˵ķֺãĬǽ𣬡
һͷ
·޽ĳɾͣΪܳΪŹһʣôŻҪŵɱ˭Ҳɱġ·һԾΪһ尡ʱۼմ⣬ÿͺֻǷͷǣ룬ôˣôôǶƴţ֧֧֮Ǿûʲô棬и·ңǶС֧ȴǾ֮ϲ
һ˵˴վڲס߶Ҳǵͷǡ
ҾӦüļСһ絽ùţԸ·޵һ֮٣ҲΪ˼Ųò˵ġ
һ˵
һ˵ҾÿУСֻ˵ͬ·һ򽻺ãΪֵ˵飬ֶǺӣ֧˲Сһʱ£ҲҪǺްɣ˵ǼǺޣҲ޹ؽҪˣ˵ǵĵλ䣬ǲܵģֻʣһ·Цһ·һϣ֧ûиʮ޷ָԪˡ
ҿô죬··˳ˡôˡڻһԲ·˵СǹԸŹǵĴ硣
ͬĻ飬⼸֧вͬĿţֻж֧Ѿ⣬ȥλˡ𵱱ӻҪģһŷɱ˼ҶӲɣһֵü£˼ҵĶʩĳ밡
ڶ죬˻ӣ彭ŵһǧˣ·ͷȵĴ£ʹ·޵ڴп
Ȼ򣬵СɱǳĳߣҪи˵ġ
Ȼʮ˵Ĵ壬Էںǡ
·Ա߾·ҴӲĽáõ˳ࡣ·괺Ƿڵĳ߶˶࣬¾ԽΪС֧Ӧöģµ׸ô죬ʵÿ˶úرڿ֧һӦ£ղ
ֱʱСʱ˴ɫĴš
·괺һüô£ôش£ǾӦ˸Ҵŵġڴ򣬻ء
һ˹ȥţһ֮£ûˡ
ڵϣȫˣ߾ȻģһĲ԰סǸʮꡪ·Ӻ
һˣôء
վ·Ӻ̧Ҳֻеȥš󣬺ѹѹĹһأһֱŵſڡȫһɫСǣһһŴֽ˫־ٹͷдһд֡
·޻ȫĴˣһͬг
һֽһֱϵ֮⣬Ķ֣֡ӦλдˣҲǡ
Ŀ˴ֽڳߡ
žֹˡ
ˣһ
˸Ӽᶨһ
·ɽһ⣬Ϊ·޾Ե޹ʳִԼĳֻܹһʱʧ֡ؾʱ֧ûʽԳ֧϶²ܵġ··Цϣ˴ಫһ£Ҳ·յġ
ڼһ£·һٴӽ԰һʯ겻
˼
ʯϣĸҶһһֻ׵Ĵӣɷľ¡
ž
һߵĶŮһʱˡ
㣬Ҿ͸צĽ
Ҳ˵ר־һ´ȥԺͣ
̵ļһԲĿšò̵ģǰ࣬ûǻʲôͳˡֻĿŶӵƨɣ𵽣õģ
·һԣֱ꣬üͷҲûʮ壬ĽѾֽһ㣬Ƥǲģûһ࿹ʹľȥǲҲ̶á
һٹӴأµĸһͷĺˮͷˡ
û˸ҹ


 û˸ҹ


131 Ϲϰ
Ůºɻһ˺ᱧһٶʮĴкӣһǵСԺ
ǵļǲǱǵϺҩͰӵԺʯȥʼΪʱ˼
ԺŴվŰɳҵ̴ȥԼ̲ס֡
̧ϣһСĸƨϵǲ㲼ҿ龰ʵǴĿġ
СԹֲɵӣһܳƤơ
·̾Ϣ˵Ҳ븸̫Ϊˡ
ȡһƣȻ·޵ƨϡ
໡
·ɱһĳᶼҪˡ
ʵ磬ôҲУڸأ㵹
ߣɳСǿء
ڣӾͲپǿʼˡ
ĨõҩɳۿŶֱ˼ű˺Ժ
ˣҲʡġΣȥһ
ʯҲ֪֮ǲǾΪ˷ģСҪ˵ֻһܹ緢ЩϵһСӶСʮƽĵطȻһҲζ쳣ҷ
갡Ҫɹ꣬·һֻ˫һһɳѾģӴߵ޳Ұ裬ʲôߴߴᡣ
ڵֻſţһͷһ˲ŵĴŶŮһΨһСǰʱ·޳ΪǿһʥΪһֻһеܿͷˣڻ˲Ĳ벻
ͼʲôѽ
ʦ㲻˯ϰɣ·޳ܣҲЩҲסˡ
ǰмû¶˯ˣ»һʱӦͷʼҪ˯ĵط
ɣʦҪ˯·޴ʱȰʱˡ
ģǲиԳŮң˵ܾø˶ŵĸоֲԹ㣬ͿĿңһ嶯ˣĵ̫ʲôô˳ˡֲҪǮģ϶ǲеģ⼸쿴ûʲô£ҿҪˡ
ʲôӣ·ơ
ǺǺٺ٣ĺǮӣǧඣǧһѣΪˣû뵽СӷˣϧƱûһù񫡣ͷź˵
һǮҲˣǺǡ
ͷ˵˰죬һתͷ·ȴһĹ¡
ôˣͷʡ
ãܸоΣգȴҲԭĸ󻼲һӲᰲġ·˵
ʱˣҲϸ㣬һΣҪҵСɽˣԸǰ
ʦһʥҲ˭ڰôҸоõһֱڰңԴоͻȻʧˣ᲻֪Ѷء
𣿳ԽԽǿ󣬲ˣڵʲôһǵ㵤֮ˡ
·һ㶣ţ֪ˣǵԼһ´ûͬͷ˵
˵ģ˵Ϊ˸ңɲŲףôʼС˼̫أӲû֪ʵ͸뵽ӦӵռˡȻͽͲͨôһһԭ򡣡
ǰǲҵǸҿռʦġ֪˭𣿡·һʵʡ
룡ʥһͷϺ˷ܡ
Ҳ㡣·˵ͱĿ
ʥǰҶݶһͨ
ʦô֪ռµģƺ֪˲ࡣ·̧ͷʦæһ졣
ǣѽȥԴɽеԺϡҲ֪СӻعŹǧ磬жµİͷһ˼ƺص緢ٵꡣ
ԽԽҸһǶȥӦҪ¡һ뵽һռ̲ס
˷˺ܴ̾͵˯֮ܿ챻ʰһֵǧıɫιܼҵָ¿ɡʩʵͷ˺ܾá
ΨһľСԸܽʯ˯źáû˰Ը֮
жȹһҹǣһս
һ磬һˣԴ￤ϵĴǰ˷糾ˣΧȦȥ˲Զһҿջ
һ죬иݵӰӣҹûҵĸݼ֮䡣
۹ŹṦܺһƴֻбë
ϢĶڶ໤ԺǰԺԺԺķҡʱҲڸ̴ߣ伫éʮĺӣԽԽ֡
һҹҺԺеһϺϵһˡ
һ£ƮƮɣǰһֻ˶ɲѪá֦ڵ¡
磬ô˾ϲĽеһģϲǱģĵİˡ
ҵ񼶴ûСɫ˵Ȼ˵
ûУһֱңصûء
ǰʱҾ룬ҪĴͬʱӣһһǰְ֣ΪǸϹӣϹǰĶ㿴
죬ֹ
㶼Һüˣ۰ɣ
仰˱ӺȻᣬǰÿ춼Ҫһҹ磬᲻û񼶵ﰡɽҲˡ
Ӷ𣿡
˻Ȼ򣺡˵ҵû뵽ӳ񡭡
Ҹ˳éҲ񡭡һϵĴӰɫֻһϵšﲻסš
Ϲ۾¿·һҲ˰ɣͲԴ룬ƾʲôôߴʮʮܳô
ϰɣ
*һٿ䣬ԽɫԽޣԽܾԽѭ£˶վʱô̵ʱһվһ˿һֿᡣþõĸ߳ϣлĻ
ɫˣһˣء
ۿš
ɫ˵꣬һ֣һһ׶ıܵϣĴ
䡭
춯صһ죬΢΢ζ£յĻҶ


132 ռС
˴ľĿšһʥ׵һܵһϣҲҪѳɼ룬ֻǻ˻ΣϵǳǳһӡСñʻȥһ
ﵽôЩߵĵزֻ˵Ѿǿˣٲȫһˡ
ڰɫþ취£׹
磬̫ˣҵǸˣףһ˵㵸
״ܵİɫˣҲ۷ףվȶ
Ȼһֻܵ
һ׵Ŀռ䣬շ׼еһֻܵ
䡭
ոսûõףֱһ飬̻ȥǿܲһ׳˶壬ֱͳʮ⣬һʱǱ
ߺηˣʲô֮𣿡ʵȲöࡣ
һתۣѾʮ·Ӱһͬ
ɫ˺һʲôˣƾҲʣһתգ֮䣬ͬʱԭʧˣûǶֹһ׵Ƥӵ¡׳ĵһһ뵽ĺ
鷳ˡ
ڶԹҵļλ˾ΧҵĺԺϸĵشѾЩݵĴ
ʲô𣿡λϡһҡͷ
ΪʲôأһɫӡԺüǿԺˡ
˵ţǰŴ춯صһ˳æǰԺûȥԶͼ˹˴˴зˮһˣһ£ǰѪôĿġʱڵüڣ˵ǰĻԺͷɵȥٸԺ˿ҲûмǽŲ˾ǰڣֹʽϰ졣
̧һֻ󶦣ֻ죬ԭǿԴ¯Դɮǧˣֻ󶦾Ȼûסɼ˵ĿһУֶǿᡣ
˷ǳСģʢһɫҺ壬ɬŵζ¶ڵĶϣߵüƽС
׳ȵλкιɣ
俴һۣһ׹ѵĴ˲ɣֱײ֮ڣ׾ͱǿѹƵòòӿ࿹̧ͷһۣһֻɭױɣûӳ֮Ȼýëֱ
ǹɽֱ׳ģ޴һ˵һߣҪʲô
û˸ҵֱӽ˺Ժ˸һںš
ǰһ̧֣һǣһֻĴ󶦺һ£𣬱ֱ̧ʮףһ֧֦һ㣬ٴηһ£ǵѾڣٴθ߸Ծ𣬰˴һžһɷ״ڵĺɫҺ̻һ䵽ϡ
ƺ¡һ죬һǿʹӽŷ·˼վסһֱ˺һ󣬲ƽ
ˣվڲԶݼϣϲרעؿ
Ʈ£ЩƮ˵ǰβȥ˫һһڣʡ¡
ߣסڱǣ״һһֻӳܷ磬Ʈĺˡ
˻ӡʮɵزڵϹȥˡƤͣѾȥ
ŵϵʮˣһЦ޵ľ綾ЩЧ
ȥţͦ죬
䣬˾ݶʧˡ
һӣҶӾ価ˣԴʼԼٶȸࡣһһĵ
ǧ·޽ո˻أһۣͻȻһʡ΢һӣʧɫ
ﴦСȻҶ˲ˣ֦ҲԿüٶȸɿ˻Сʹʹסе崫Ϊʹ̹ģ굤ﱻʱʹһޡ
Ȼ˫һ𣬺һ죬ʯ飬Ѿ⣬еʦˡ
ͷ⼸ո˯̤ʵЩȻĴУһ档
ôˣ
һСҲͬʱŮһֻ˼·£յ棬ܿĶеࡣʲô°ø磡·Ҳ䵽ϡ
һۼɫ·ޣͷϾأСӻûǰʧǹҲһȻװƵֻ׽ľС
ʦҵռȥ
£ôд𣿡
ӦڼӺҵռ壬˵ռȥǰһε𣿡·һĿֲٻصݣԼĻˡ
ȻС
ֱХ˳֮⡣
Ƭ֮䣬ɳͳǰʱ˿̵·ңŵ˫ַ
ô˲Ͱˣӵ⸱ͬʮǰﱻʱһģһ
ҵĿռСȥ
ʲôȥңҲüɳ·ޣʶһ̽뼸ǰӹѾ龰
Ӱɸһʱ䣬·޵һ·˾ͳʮλ
·괺޶ٲɣϷԸõĴӹǧ˷·޺Ȼͷ˵ף㲻ȥ
·괺һ㶣漴׹ʱ˿ǲ뿪ģеļ壬Ҫѳ֡
ӵȻء
°ɡɳ˵С·ʥŮ·нĳ·롣˴ʮƥеĺˣХų·ңǧԴ￤ȥ
ĳϲ֪ʲô·ŰϣһԳͳء


133 С
ͣ㣬УԽ·ԽǽﴦıѾ֧һƬɢ䣬ļ֦ҲԽ㣬Ȼʶ޷ʦһֱڽѹƵʹл䤱
Դ￤ʱ·һ죬ȥ˺֣˸䣬ٶȲĴ󳵣ʹҪһ֮ڵҲ롣
·һ·һ죬һΣû硣
ԹϢȥռСŬ͡˼Ҹ׳нԼ
һ·ϲԲ˯Ůں棬û֨ʱ򣬺øܿһ֣ǾԶҲûϵ
ҹҵĺԺһжϢ֮ࡣ
һ죬޾綾ݣͺͺϣѾɿݣûз磬ʱҡ
ӰһλСӣɿܻ鷿˼£һŶ롣
鷿λϣһλ
һСɫã֪
ǣСЩµ˵ڿҾܻˡ
ʲôվ
ǺˣֻûᡣСӲ԰
Ŷڷ˼
òģ壬һˣѾˣɽ˵
ǷǻǿʲôأôҲ벻ͨ
ߣǲֻһӦûˣһ벻ףǸ·үһҹ֮ӵܣΪʲôأ֮ǰ·ǸķҪܵңһסСԺȻͱһˣӦøйأȻĻϰҲȥˣôûһˣǲĴ·޺йϵġ
ɽϽһ˵еĹؼ
ϧǰﲻǵ˵һλʥһ嶼ƴˣҲ޼¡
ǸСӻ˻֡
ȥɣԶԶĹȥţǧҪٱǷˡ
ǡӦһ˳С˵ضԶˣԶͿˣˣҲǸһӺá
ѵ˵ɾ𣿡ͷҲ벻˭£ںԺ˺üˣϼһֱģԴûҪںĪˣ֪н죬˵ʲôҲ
СԶһðͷͷһ˫۾ĵطɨŵøϽȥ
ҿˣò硣ϰ˵ݸߺ˵
ɫ˵
ҲǾ޾Ȼûֶ̾һСξ͹˻ˣȻڶϰ˶Ȼ𾴡
Ӳдߣɫ˵꣬һԭʧ
ڶһ磬һվ˺Ժû˸ǣǾʹҡڵĴǰŽ롣֮
ٿƤȫɿˣһĴԺģû֦ѾѾֳһİɫƺȥһͻֶۡ
ϰ˾ϲеˣһһҹҲûˣǺǡ
ߣڻ˵׼ɫһĿƺǰĲһһλһеĶ֡
˵ɣװѾˣˡ
𡣡ɫ˵Ȼ˵һ£ܱȻգгһװܵɭٱı֮Ȼ¡
һ١ϰЩ
ĵֱӿϣȻĴ죬һľм׷ɣʮ˴ֵľһζβֹ
һֵ֮زϰͷϴţơ
עĿϣһľ϶ڶǰӿ֭Һ
һûѾ˵⣬滹ܹ֮ˮ˵ٷ֮ٻš
˺Ȼʵ벻ʲô֧
ȻŰϰ˾̾
ǻ÷Щ£ɫ˵ҺǵϴȥǼһֻ󶦣ȥȡװͩͣҵǺǣ޻ãɵƤһһǳƯƵһأǵץЩˣ˵ӵռǿԸо˵ġǸСӿˡ˵ֳЦݡ
ϰ˿ëȻ
Ȼס·ܵһʱĳεһʹͷϣþ̧ڵСҡ£ϵʣļ֧֧ѾҲˣ滯ȥ֮ǰӨӨ壬ʱ˿̷һҰףɫľ磬֡ԵϢ·һ̾ѾˣСǿС˽һ£ͦĵﴦ
ʦҷģԺŹû˸߹
·̧ͷɱˣҲ޷Ρ
ֻһƥʱ·̣ʱһꡣ
ʹ쳣ɳݺݵļޡ
Ѫĸӣ̧һֻ޴ͭ󶦣ͩͣۼ۸ֻҪоȫ£Դ￤һֻֻδ̫죬˶֮󻹸Ҵҡڵߣļ֫彡ȫĺᣬܵٸһٿߡүԵɣɳһ֧ɵСӣ˶ӺԴѾʮ꣬ƴ̣˻˸ɻӵĺͷ
СӶӳһ뻢δ󺺣󵶣޸ߵķɳ۶ȥ
үͰĵڴϵЩķ˵
ȻУȥÿüʱ
ûүϵСƣͷʽĵײײ
үүʵĿһʱûױزΪһڴ󰸡
үɡСǶûˣʣһ߻үһ桭
үŴһ֮£Ѿûˡ
ô˰
ĸǿ޵
٣үûȥ
үǶǴްһǾɣǡװһͩͱ긮ˡ


134 ʥ֮ս
ȥңã϶긮ȥˡϿе긮⣬ǴеĲУǾͳȥֳɵıˡ
ܻܲ˰ʶǰֵĺϼ꣬ûɵΪ긮һܰ˴У˭кܲһ
ȥֳɵĹ͡˱үܸүն
ɥųȥһֽһһ붼ЩʲôҪġ
һټʮýߣϵ긮⣬ûһ˿Ĵ򶷡ҴſţſŵĶûС
ĸ˾̧һֱͩ긮ǽ룬ҵĻԺߵһ·ܣǷģ֮ԽԽԶˡ
ĸûԺǰվһˣףҵļڻǲƤӵ·Żġ
λӢۣʸλӢǺηʿСΪδ뼸λı֪λǰл֪֮һ˵÷ǳСġ
Ͼţ˲ܶһ˼˵
˵ʩ֮ƣһỺ۾ͳԿˣɱһ˵
ιȻϴŻʱǲףҪǣԺӾ͵ඣҺĸ㣬ǿܵ𴦣ʮصٻȻС
ļҰ⻰ͨõԺҲܡһ˵
ϴɱ㣡Ӳ飬ͲҪ˵Ͼŵ˵
ţʲôϴҪɱ㣬ܵôӲŲ顣
Ĳ飬СͲ飡
Ĳ飬СԹʺȹ򣡡
̵ġ
ѣ
˾ˣ
ү
ȵȣǲһһүȥԼôȻؼҸǸ裡
ɵƣ۸ûүү۵
ɵƣ۹ã۵۵
õĸͽдү
ĸ˺Ȼ˴󶦣ָűӴ
Ŀɿڴ״ǵĶԻ׹һ¡һ裬ǵĵ軹һ˫ã
찡һʲô˰
ԽԽϾָʮıӣʮһʮͷۼҪȭӣȻһȴԺﴫ
ڳС쵰ǣҿ˭³һ
һ֪˭ˣʱһͬ죬ϾŲСķ˸ƨʮʱָУϰˣ˵˵˸֡
ɵϣҷ˸ƨ
ǣƨ
˸ƨ
˵ƨ
ǰ˵ˡ
Ǵүģұ죡ϰ˿Ȩһĸ˾һ졣ϴҪˣǵͻûõأ㣬𺦵Ҹһ
Ͼŷ𣬶һȭ¡ҲûУܲͬ似ѾӰ¡
׳һһֳ֣һһ֮£ˡ
ȭ޴ݺܶϣʹ׷ݵٶȻԶ߸߷ɵʮ⡣
ףܵúÿ졣Ͼһ㶣һ̧֣޶
ε̤ѵˣһһ󶦺ķ˸һ£ٽŨͩ;Ĵھһֱ֦ѾͲʱͩͽ˸ͨ͸
˹ЦǺ浽ˡһǧĴ󶦾ͱķѣһһ룬ء
Ȥһˣ׼ÿʮһ˵
ϴˡʮһУͷ
һȫɫؿڴһѪõӰӰƮ
ʱȻ϶ɽҹǹʣ˾һ޳һ㲻մصڻСһѧһֻĻӣǶһĻ࣬СԵĶ
׸оͷԭһֱߵĴѾʶǶ޳ɵ
ɫһЦ˵˰ɣҲֻôҷһ𣡡˵߽
ͬĿš
нп࣬ڴ󣬽ȴûзûʲô磬ƾڼҺܶҲʲô󰭡
ͩͽ壬ʶѾӦΣաͬʱİ;е·޸ѩϼ˪ɫˣ
Դſڣڹϳصĳţ·޴һȵȣ˴Ϸɳһֻ񣬻ʮ׵ľ룬һʽξѹŵļײɳȥӹ϶ͣһֱ긮
ļС
̫ˡʶϵ·ϲʦģﶼʹҸĲԽԽء
ҪŻˣˡ£еһǣɫ˶еСС࣬ӻ̶̵һξ룬ӴϵͩͣϨĻ磬һ£ȼɿΪ𺣣ֻƬ̣ϣɿĴôﵽľ˲ԡڻʹХ
ء֮⣬Ҳһİ
ȻڽСͻȻһʹ
ֱ
ӰͬʱɽҵĺԺ·޵һӦ˫ּһܶڰգһſܶѾͷųȥ

ɫ˫һУƮһֻɭܵǰһûܽӵ·ϣһСͻأĳڵһܵǰ
䣡
ͬʱءԣͷһ㣡
ɫһЦּˣʮȥ˲ٰ
ߣҲ̫ǿһӢӺǣֵô
ߺߣʱ֪ˡɫص˵һ䣬еܵƹȥϱһƬͬһѩ룬ض
ѩ壡ؼ似
һЦѹһܶˮһγɣ·Ҫһ
ܶؼ
ؼֱӶײһ𣬺Ȼܲһҡɳʯҷɡ


135 
·޵һֻܶڻһһЩ֦Ƥܶɳ𺣣Ƶʱһ
壬˾Ȼ𡣡һСʹ絶ʣһеʦʦ㲢һսɣ
һϢֱײʦĿռСϣȻһ£񱩵ܾԺʥʣһֱǣ·޵ȫͬһƬϢȻĴ֮Уһȣһۣ񱩵ܾȦת䲦ʮڵĿռ䡣
һֻܶ˦ӭϾŴæĽһֻֻܶգ֮䣬еĶܾͻڷܶУҲֱϰ죬һӰɳ긮⡣
µֵܾ״ĿͣڰеӰʧеǸڰ졭ܡ
ϰǼ֮ˣķعŹһǰʱ˿̣һӺݻŮӣȻ糾ˣھա
Ҷӵû³ģ㲻֪ôЩ͵˵ϰ˵ĶмΪ䡣
ʼڣôԼֵܳǸʥ׵ˣȻԴ˽ʳȴÿĺ컹ֵܼԵϾѾ벻ˣĸʮֻдϰ²ҲᵽǼһ˼йأǳĶǼҵ
·޹˼⼸˫ֲϻһһķܶ񱩵ϮÿһϮʹһƬͷͬʦӵʶѾԽԽûжʱˡ
ҵˣˮȻ𣡡׷˸ߵһݼк
ɲʱ䣬˸ִʢˮʲԺ׷ױ
ʱ˿̣ѾԴ￤ˣһҴԺμҸУǱ߿
˹ȥһ£Ǹύĺûᣬؾͬ·ҽ·ֳôţкôӦһкȥ˻Ҽûһ˵ĺá
һμңѾһ·˵Ķȥ
磬ɳˡһָϵϾţϾžȻڶһҳӵ壬Ȼ̧֪ǵһţˣԼĸ磬һȺСǿ֡Ӳ
ۼȻܻţ⣬ȥ
ôˣϾƣ۵³һŨѪЮ顣
̧ҽȥȻǶɱඣҵȥҵֵܡ³ڣϾ˵ֳһֻķ絶
п಻үݺʺ˰졣
ָ̧´ҡڷ긮
ڷܶ⣬ƹĶλʥһ׷һӵһŮһУϵĽˮõϡϣȥˮȻӴ˻ơ
Ӧʦľ·һХˣȫܾϻѹǻɫܹ⣬ֵȴˮľӨ͸ĹⲨܶʹ˵似ֱĻ

ٷŴ󣬰뾶ﵽʮ׵ڼܷ磬ˮˮ󣬽ʣһ
·˫ĿѣϢתѾÿһٶС죬ѪţʶĿ£ؼ似һѹףȼյĻھ޴ķ໯ѣɫĻҽɫĻ棬ɫľмˮ⣬һּͬͷųܷŻɫ裬ؼ䣬׵Ŀռֻһͨ쳹صһֻɫͦ
Ȼͣˣþ·䵽ϣվ𣬳ǰһڰһľ滹ðŹɹζ̱ǵỤ̃ǻˣ
һľмƬմͩ͵мȼաʱˮԴԴϵ£һҲˡ
ƣ·޸Ӧ£ССңǻţ˵ձסһֻҪ֮Ϣڣͻ״̬ϣٴε˳ѿ
ʦʦ·ǼȻʶһƬţһ˵̫ˣΪĻûң˱춾ܷһģȴֻء
̧ͷ곤ɵĲֻʣһͺͺɣ汻ܶǿĺۼĿģͬģѾһøɲˡ
·޷ͷѹת
ϰ˸ϵò֪ȥ򣬴·нĳ·ʣµֵ̥ܴòɿ
ȻĴĽﵽȡûи϶ɷܶеһ絶ʹ߼߽׵Ƶһװ룬ܲףһӶ׵ķΧγɵһƬĻС΢΢ţӳĵ£ԵøСС
һӳƺ񷣬ʥͷϼëƮɣһ˫ͫռݰףĹʱӵ쾡¡
˸׵ľ룬սһģûһվǵĶʮ⡣ͬʱҵԴɽĵԺû뵽ڴһս
ɫȫϸ˪˪֮һײ֮£裬ĵϾϸ΢ѺۣǼ£ܽ磬ĸԼļ⣬һݺ֮ģͲһеɱ¾սһ֮С壬Ϊʥһ׵ͻơ
ĵɱ֮СԺ缫Զۿǣѹ
һƽʱѷһˣһǲõģ֮ƽһбȥ
ѽ̵ġѽ㻹һ¡ߴ߽Уܷڱѹ½ܵʵʰģֻÿһβòӺ󣬶ҪٵҪЩˡ
ϻ
ģȴѹŴ


136
˶Ǹ߼߽似һƬѩһŻҷ磬ܹâ˸䣬ȻĴܹﴫضΪ֮
ʱ̧һ˽·Ҳÿ̧ŵǱɳȥϾš˹ȥ۵ȻϵħͯˣһֳϲСħͯò̧ŵСǿˡ
·޼ߵϾǰĿУһѽϣһ㣬ֱ̤ϣֻûһ˿¶ȵĶ
Ͼһ£ʵǲӦûѾԼͳôԶˣԼҲ
֪ĿǰԾֻҲֻһУ·޾ûˡ
֮ǰ̫ʢˣ˶£ʵûһսֽɳȥǿ֪иֶĻ
үҴˣҲˣϽĿɢҡ
үֻɱ㡪·˵ʵûжˣȻֱ̤ɳڣŪﶼǣλСǿֵ֮ʯִϵȻ֮û취ġ
־ѾȫռϾŵģˣԵɳ
үҼʮĸ»һĺӡ̧֣ŹһСɡ֮ǰҽһݵϾţȻΣʱ뵽ԼΪԼ̫вˡ
˵˭ָʹǸɵģ·һָǿѾȫϨ
ϾŴóһֻҲ̧ͷֻĴ·򣬳սĶ˴ָһ¡
˭·ʵʦѾʮͷһһĳΪҵĶλͻȻ룬Ѿͷû˻֮һӵˣȴͻĳȥˡ
ϴ󡣡ϾʵʵĻش
ʲô·ü֮˵˼άЩ⡣
Ͼҡҡͷûֻ˵Ҳ֪ϰ֪ʡ
һ˵˵һ˵ĲһҾһ̤Խӳ˵ĸĸɵģ
壬ɣҲ֪ʲô˼ˡϾ˵
ϴأ˭ģ·޷ʻܷѾԼԲȻޱȣϾϾ׹
֪иˣúܣҪҵĴ磬Ҫ붼벻ĺôȻǲġ͵ܳõ㶫ȥ򰡡
·벻ͨô޳ɵĴܣ˵Ҳܰ
ãֻҪһ£Ҿͷ㣬·˵ţһλùһֻߣһȡλľС
Ͼһˣʾ֭˵һطϴ˵ģиطɽġ
仰˵꣬·һ飬˵ԭҰɣҲٷһ󡭡
˵еĽߺХ¡
ɱ·޵ܲɱѡߡСǿֵĲҲǿһ£㿳ˡ
ִݵֽۣű
·޿ս
һֻܵ䣬ǿ֮ĩʮеķܸ飬ֻʶ̧һֱֻȥڵ»ƬλһҲһһˡϾ״ѪۿҲǾȲˡֵ֮ǰϵһɱ¾Ӧ̫Щԭǵͷ벻ġ
أһѩ塪
ǰȻӿǧ㵶⣬ֱһ߹һѩɽѹ
ˣһֻŵ󣬺Ȼһȥͳʮ⣬Ȼ䵽ϣѾһ۵нһŰɭɭŮ˲ŵеıܹѾǵ˼£
ǧɽѩ
ؼн似ɣ
һЦǰѾ޾ݵӿѩ׵۵ܹⲨѩɽ֮糤һ㣬ɵĿԵðСʥ
ʥһ˲Ӱû޳ߵѩ֮¡
ؼнףڳܿļûС
·ǰһȫѾþˣȥֻ˵Ҳ߲˶ʮ֮ڡ
ͷһ֧ܶܣȻֻҪؼн似ʵ쿪Ҳûİ취ܶûʱɵġ
¡
ֱǷ׷׺ˣɫһʱ伫Ϊѿ
·һʹ屻ܲ׺վٿ˴ɳʮ׸ߣ˺һ¡
ԭվŶˣһϵ·ÿ׷ƺҲһһȴһ̬򷽵ĸĶӡ
ɳ
ͷһ̷ֻֻһֻԷҲ˴Ĺֻôæûȫ£ǱùǺ
̫࣡벻ʮδѾ̬ˡδ
Ǹأ׷Ǹ·ʡ
ˡЩε˵
ˡĳԾأŮӵֻǸ̫֮ϣӦĽʥһĽʥ׷һޣһأȻˣ˵ӦµһˣǸ˲ţ
˺ѲԺҪСǰڣǷġɳ˵
»˲ţ֮治а̾
·æһһⲻ˵һѣ׷Ը˴ɨо֣ʱһȺ˷׷ӿ룬ǲŸϵһʰСԺ䡣
ִüλ𻰣·֪Ҳ˵֮ҲôʦλȥˣԼҲ뿪벽
ʶѾʶ·޷Ĳ¡


137 ֮
ߵǰȥȻ£İٻԺػ£ܹ뵽Ϣ޸֮С
ľˮ·޳ϢУƮڿռϵĽСռ䣬СЩʦʶҲƺǿЩ·ĴҲ
ҹȥµһ쳿¶һ˪¶·ſ˫ۣտȻûһ˿ƣˡһºѵʦʶ
ˡ˵Щ
Ҫ˵ʦ·޵Ȼ׻ԼµģһΡ
˻ǶҲûĶҪÿ죬ʦһ͵ͷˡ˵
ҶԲס㣬ʦǼǳġ·޴ͷ˵
ҵȻ֪Ժ鷳Ҫ޾ˡžϲ
ʦҡҲᷢˣҲˣȻ˭Ҳٻصȥ·˵ú۾ֱʣһֺ籡ϼ⣬ӳһƬ׳
ҪŹ˶֪£߹
˵·Ѿ˲֪õһٷơ
Ĭ˺þã̾ϢһҵȵĲһ䣬Ҫ㵽ԴɽȥǸģһҵõڶ񼶴ڣõĵڶռ䣬һ֮·ӿ죬ҾҲˣ㻹еڶռڣһλصǰġҵıͻԶΪһ壬Ժҵı屻٣Ҳ壬·ѿңҲԼ·ޣþҵĵڶʦĳ֮·
·ţͷ˵ʦȥԴɽǰһкܶҪҪľҵþǿɽƷм壬һһˣҲܷߣѾ棬û˸ߣԶԶһۣҪֻҲܷ߳Ź֮ǰûдӦ׻ƿһڼ壬ҵʧ󣬿ɲҲɵġ
·޷ʳ½ǣȫһ󣬾һߣȻı۾
ҹ·޼ֱʯˣÿ˶ȵķ֣쿴ĺͽһ·ϵƶ䡣
·ߵʳһʧͬʧĻ·޿ռָıҩ
ʼЩ׼ĵҩʱԼ
·괺һǧԴǣЩĵһ£ҵĺԺߴ׵ԺǽȻһžᣬסһǧˣͳ·һӪ
ÿ춼İ·࣬˵ʯͦ
·ʼߵ鲻Ųʣھֹ״̬żѹǳ˷һҩȻٳ뵽ȥ
º߹ߵˣԸоһ˿ȻΧ׵ķΧ
·޽űҩЧȫĻָ˹ССѾȫȻıӨӨһƬ·ٴֳм֦ѾǴɫģֻңֻ׹ҫֻӨ͸һɵİ»صܣӰؼ
Դ·ҵ˾ûٽһ磬еܵ˺ԺǿԵ·ޣǿռȥԴ
ĳ˰ɳ⣬Ůӣ顣Ѿõʤ׽ãһһһֳԵĶùˮţС̿¯ţ΢չ˽Įļһ
º·괺һȥˣߣһؽ𽻵׵УĻҲ˵ƴǲֻˡһӷ֮أﶼǳ
һһ¹ȥ쵽ˣһѩ߹·޵ߡķ֡ŵĵطֱϣڵɣȻһ֦ð˳ŵĵطȻů紺Ϣ磬ѾϢͨȻ֮ܡ
ʱѾ˶죬Ȼ벻ͨôһ֧СѾѿˡ֮࣬ע⵽·ŵĵطһڵĵϣȻЩ۵ɫֳһСݰ
ҹɳסһС¥ϣԺʱȻӴһ𣬿ſڣһһʪ·˽
һδɸӷֻͷģҲ࣬ȥ࣬ҲһĨĺ롣
ӷ·һҹˡɳۿһ¶ôģۣ§ڻû˵
ҵóȥһˡ˵һ
Ҫȥģɳᵽ¹£濴š
ȼңҴӦ֮ҪȥԼġ·˵
ϸŶӵߣһ
Сƭأ㻹ǸСԼô˵Ҫʲô
ģû£˵ǸɽĻɽҪȥץ߸ţҾͷˡ·˵
𣿡ɫЩţңԸʲôʧ
ǵģ·˵ԼȥǸɽ
ġɳ˵
Ϊʲô·һ㶣ǺųƹŹһĻ䣬˵λ۷壬Ź֮лܵУײǹڣԸԽΪѣ׽ĶҲҪԹۣ㿴ңһԺӵˣʦһһʱæģëඣɳ˵ţ⣬ϵǸʢ
䣬ʯһֱѹ͸ôҲ벻ôֻߣͬĶΪѣû뵽֪ߵغСӾһ˼Ҫȥ̾һعֱֱĿ


138 
㻹Ҫȥô
ǵģǶ㲻ȥģҪһµģԿ£Ҳˡ·˵úܼᶨ
ңҪԼȥɵ˵
ΪʲôʦţǸʥܰﵽĵطǳࡣɳվԽԽˡ
ǺãҲߵģһ̫ˣԼܴڰͲУˣʶ˺ܶ࣬ߵģ˶ע⵽ǡ
ɳ룬һͷ˵ã㣬㵽Ŀռָһ
ʲô
һҩࡣոࡣݵĸ߽ƷĨûʶˣһ¡
·۾һ֮ǰʮӵƤѾˣ·û뵽ԼоĶϲ֮£ϽҿռֱָϵϣһҷȻһֻСƿдаոϲõ֣˳
óһ㣬ˣĨϣһҪȻ˵ϵļɳ򵥽̻ʹ÷
·޴ƿӣҩһЩùЦùΣʲô
ɳһЦһš˵Ϊ˴Ӽܳһ·ŵľ
⹫ܻô·ʳһֱʵĻ
ҡҡͷһʲôҲ˵ӡ
⹫;˾ʲôӣҺ뿴ǡ·˵
ǡɳͻȻֳһʹĿЩޡƺúԶ뵽ѾЩңԶ˵Ĺȥȥ
ͬ㸸׵˲ͬöģվӣӦó˾˵˵ţĴˮ
·ްȥˣ˵ٹ꣬ȶӴԴɽؼҡ
ǰֻеǶҵĵڶռ䣬ŲȺΪ·Ҳһ㡣޶Դأع˶࣬ߵʱ򣬼ʮڵֻˣЩȥˣҲһǿɼ£ǧǧˣûһţһΪļǿڡҵ޶ҲΪһΪԼֻҪɸʣѾˣҲﵽϣܿüأ͸֪ˡɳĳ˵
ףֻõԼҪҵĶ޵һͿ컯ɡ
˵ţ·޽ϵҩͿϣ΢ЩЩζҲЩ̱ӡһһ࿪ˣһᣬϸĵؿǰĶӣ˵ȥǰգ
·ǰǰһλĿ΢ڣ͹ƽ񣬿ȥܲһףҩ಻֪ʲôãⲻ¡ʹ·޿ȥ˸ֵģݺһСӡ
ɳվΣ˵ţһҾͷĶˡ
޶ǲõģסĻŹһֲҪһ㡣
·޵ͷˣģչԼˣ
ʦϣͺãɳǲġ
ҵĸɽһΣԼСľˡ𣬾˵һؼһˣܿ·˵
õģˣЩҪô·ҲȥȼҵģʥҲá
ĸ˵˻ע·޲ƿСһԾɫ˲·ֻ񣬷ɳ⣬ʧҹɫ
ɳдþδһ˼ȥˡ
ȼӲ񿤣мʮ˿ڣйȼξҡҼһ׵ޣѹ˹ȼߵļףʹñЩٵĹȼҸӵԱֲĵλ
ȼڶļѾа֮ãԴӳ˸عŹһŮ֮󣬹ȼҼٲҵһ·һ˲Ů
ͥУʮȼһǵһֹÿһλеݵֲ֪ƣԱӭ絽һǰʮļ壬ڵĳߴǰʮ֮¾ǶС壬ҲǲСһڶ˸࣬һʱռذɵͲ£ﵽĸС꣬ԼѸһ÷ݣ˳ɢˡЩɢ¹ڳ֮Ŀ֮֮ȱȫ֮вٵɽС
˴վһλຩũ꣬һɫ£ϱһֻ³Ĳ
ǻΪ޵·ޡ
Ϊһ·ޣȼʽᲢûпʼ·¶ڵʲôˡ
֪͵ֱӽڣһųвˮģʽƷ·޸һ죬Щˣ˵´һ
һ˴һ͹עؿ
ֱʣ޼·޲δ̧ͷ
ûԱ𣿡
·޿˵ˣǸ꺺ӣľģϵĺ뿴źǱŤϸϸģϸϣһһ߳ĻȡչһϻŴһֻײ裬ϻײ裬֮ܺߵĹɼһߡ
·ֻһۣ͵ͷͳһһֻռָ
ָϣȻһöռָ·޳һļƽʱжٱ￴ˣѬеģοöָͬԼ֮ͬԴϢﵽʦף·޺۹ӵ˺ޣһҲʤͨϿϰ졣
Է۹Ҳ޵䵽ץƻһֻϡ
ֻ޳ϣָһֻԶƵĿռָ
һЦ˴ղ׶ԷͨͨɢͣǳңΪȻȻĶڶԷС
ЦСա
ޡ·˵


139 İ
һᣬ˼·ûҪԼֵ˼˼һתѾ׹һЦˡ
Цʲô·޻ƻ
ЦԼȻСѾһ磬һһʡݣ֣Լô
˸˲һߣֻ۾ݺݶŶԷͬϳҵ޵С
˵ͷָСǸ۹⵶һҪ굽Ƥȥ·޵ҩԵƷһ˻һ㣬ϸһܿ˾ᳬʮ꣬ùĺһ㶼רҵֻҪ࿴۾ܿ
˴˱˴ˣ·һЦǲҸٵĵطʧڿһ©Ҫá
ּ֮ôʵ
·ҡͷûأ
ҵйһ֮ң
Ŷû˵ùȥѾܻˣ·޵Ȼʵ
ԵĻ񣡻ˮˮ۹
Ǿͺã
·ˣ˵
ﴦԺһࡣ˸պöü˵ţ˵Ŵһˣȿ·ľǼ٣ԣִֶеľ·ҵ·зʦ۷壬Ҳһλ쵱ڼдڶʮλ֮ڡ
·ҵĴļСʮ꣬һɷ֮졣·չ·ӿ߸ˡ
ţƣ˵·ҳ˸˵𣿡
ţʲô·һ㶡
ţ˵ЦʮǰһϲţڵãһٰѶ֧ļȫˣһѪ࣬ɱ۾գûȻժ߿϶㿴ж˹ע·ңάҵˣһ׻Ƽˣôӭӵġ
·޿ȥȻһЩ˵·˵˷׷ӿԺУһʱΪ
벻ԼѾ·޼£ҲúЦ
·һˣֺĽ˴һͼȼһüëһֱܳſڣ˼λȼϵģǸյƻûµ·зٺѸĹάҺ׻Ƽҵˡ
ˣʱˣͬʱֹסĻһͬŴ
һʱżſڴУʩʩȻһȺС
ٲȺࡣһЦȥǿЦˡҸɫԱ΢ˡ
һɫꡣ
һˣһƵĽۣݣһ˲ţһ֮·ϵãʮŻӣ
ôأй֮빬ֻҪһּɣòŹȼҵĵλ빬ĵλǣֻܽţȼҵĵλ϶û˸ҵˡ
Ǹɻڴĺûᡣ
ʮŵȴһλϵ
ȫ޵ļŮ˵Ŀⶼ䵽ϡһܺÿ̶ֳȣӦþܴﵽļˣһϿһ覴ãֱüĿ֬ͦεıӣʶȶ촽һ˿޵Цʼչϡ
·޿һ۾һ˿ΣյĸоĵͬܲġڽԺڶûйеĸܡרעĿˣߵǸ˵ļһʶǸôڶλǸ
·ûʵһ壬ȴʵڶ˺ζĿһۡ
ϸ˺ǿǸͷβɫǼ޳֮Ⱦ˵һҧ˵
ţ·ޱһһ£ǿ̶ֳȣ˭
ѵҲܸӦԷϵƣôϾ͸ӦʲôΣأԽԽˡ
ֻ֪ӳֵܣλɽһһָͲһгȥĹ
һ˵Բԣ·޵Ȼóͬλоֹһ֪
·üͷһſڶ˺ľλЩ֣ģɽɽȴλҵڿ롣ٺǻʼһСͷĹŹţСӣһɫĽսʿ߽ףؽٽľ޺
ڻ࣬ɽ˵Ѿ·֮⣬ʹ·Σյĸоء
һ˽ҪǸȻת·޴
Ŀֱ䵽һλºϣλ΢ͷһֻƻĿҲ
ǿʶ·޵һʱ˵Ŀ⡣
һߵȴǸĿӵһһ㶶һ˲Ӳͣȥˡ
ĲĶˣ·޵ĺϷ
Щ˿ʼ߳ȼңȼҰһЩס˳ԤڣʹȼЩֲʶȤɢ;ԶѰס
·޳˴ţȻǸſڴЦ֣һɣ㡣
·ЦЦ˵겻ɢ
ѰһϺõĿջҪʱ˳ϵҪ䣬·Щġɲи׵ߡ
ֵܣ컹磬ȥô
·ҡҡͷЩˣԼȥɡ
ҲǿһЦ˵Ǻãȥɡ
·޶¥С·ֱ͵ķ䡣·²ãȻţһ򿪣Ȼ̧˸ʳУСǸЦָ˾Ͱڵ˳֮ǰ
һϺõľƲˣݻȴ嵭Ʒóв˵˾ֶ㣬ƷҲСܽеóġ·޵ĳ濴˵ĵ
˽Ц˵СˣҹСһ̸ЦһտΡҲ·޵ɫߵǰƣ
һ뱭ˣǳ¹ʮ״Ԫ졣
·߹Ķ档ƹ¿ֻӾӨ͸ɫɣÿֻǼֵǣҲСС
ҲԼȥ̾þƣ
Ȼ·ǰǱŵＳ˵㣬˵ģǺþƣزʶẦġ
·һЦһ
·޺Ⱦʱ٣˶ǵһΡͷˣٲմ


140 ҹɱ
ȴƺ鷳ƣʮ¶ǣɫǵͨ졣ȻҲǸ㡣
̾һ˵֣뱧˹ô
·޿ʻ˼ͷ˵Ȼѵбͼô
Ҳǣ͵֮ˣһǵһμΪָǸӵܣʲס
·һ˵޼ڹŹǲģҸֻһׯˣ̧̫ˡ
һЦĿתеöռָ޳ָԼϰŪԼֻ
ֻЩСĿռָǺϵЩƣҵ㻨ʮӹáȻʲǮҲһׯ˼Ǯò£ֻ㱧˻ȥ
𣿡·һ㶡лʼҿûϣˡ
ǺǣǲᣬʼлʼҵΪǵӶòôһǵÿһӣǳԼԸǱΪǰµģеȨ⣬˵ˡǺٻģʵһҲСӵв硣
ʲôˣ·޸ǳԾС
ҺֻͨǴСڻʹ浽Щ¼öˡ
ǻӣ·𶯡
ôֻÿŻĽɫΪǸ˵ġ
λߵˣҲһλô
ǣǵʺĵһˣ¡Ҵ٣¡棡
¡ңеĵĴô
Ǹ¡ҡ
ԭ¡ҵıлʺô·޵֪һϵ
ʲô֣·޲ǰ˵֡
˵˵ʲô޿϶Ǹ֣ңҲŻὲҵģҲԼ֡˵
Ҳ˵ôҾͽ޶ɡ
ұȽϣ㲻޶ɡ˵Ĵӡ
޶߰ɣ˯ˡ·˵
޶ֱһ˿ߣһҺģҲͬĻᣬҰ֪ܶ˵ˣ㵹ɨسţ̫ص˰ɡ
ãǾĻᣬ·˵һȥϺʡóһǻԹ޵ߣӣʮһԹ
¶ǣӺӰ£ȡ£ŵϣ¶°һЦһڼƷݣ治һһЦĵøһµĴõ塣
ȱ֥ףЯֲɣ֡Ȼ߳棬Ĵģʵĳɣ벻ʲôڼң˵ЯҰķˣϹ¶ɡɫһƮ⡣
գǳǳһЦһȥϾʹ˯ȥ
·ǰͷȻɫ͸ĶϣһֻǸŮӡ
·޽һСõ屧𣬷ŵԼĴϣһУϵװֻܺģһǸ毺õŮͬѧز£ȻҲϸһи¶񱣬ͦζ·һôһĿ飬Ϣţ˸о
صߣ·ڵϣܳ뵽֮С
ҹ·Ӵڷɳ뵽޾ҹɫ
ȼңһ뷿ڣŮ˶Ȼû˯
Ůʼô֮ѾƣȴȻ˷ܵõݵزͣתĹ١
Ϳû컯ˣ˫֣û뵽ʮŻӻȫŮĹֻͣҪܿ㣬ȼҴӴ˾ܼǰʮ֮УһĴ壬ʱ˵һССˣ¡ңҲۼҸ߿һۣҲүүʱԸ̫ˣͬ׻ƿ˵仰ţ
һʮ˾䣬Ҳһһ䶼˵ʡ֮΢üͷ⣬һ˼Ҳ֪ɵδ
ٵ㣬̫ˣһ춼ߣȡõĺøУԺͺðˡ
ˣȥҲֻǸ檣һܰﵽȼô
ŮòõĻĻֵֻǵúúıһ¡˵ţʶ̧ؿ򴰿ڣƺһӰ˹ȥ
˵·Ϊʲô᲻أҲ̫ˣӦҵġ֮޺˵
һֱź룬ǸĹǰԼһչ࣬ݲԲȻݺݲȵûһΪֹûʱûǮ˫ɵǰ֪ͰһأǾǸСǰûеĸо
λǰСӣȻװװģÿһƳŻҩֻŹ֮Сȥͷųһɽ
ߣû˸ҵ˵ˡ˵
Ϊʲôô˵֮ݵ
ʮʮգӹŹĸҴ嶼ˣһһ죬·ҵ֮һ·֣˴޵·ЦһΪ·飬Ϊ·ҵڶʧȥ֮ˡΪͷ۵ɵǸˡǿҾ˫ֽ͸ҲԿǡ
֮𾪵Ըӡ
ϢǵһδӸ׿е֪һеĸоĹȻͬûȵͿһȭ
ġ
·һӰӣƮ˶ߵСԺǴƻԻͣԺŴȻĸʿػ
һƫƧڣϢԾ롣
СĶʮСӣ·һƬҶӣһ÷ǰĴϡǰƻ
͸üλʮŻӣ׻ƿ߾λУһĵ֮ɫ
Ҳ⸱λߵ
̸
·һ󣬶ЩеĽڱʡλʮŵܳʱ䲻ˣһֱѯʡ
¡Ȼһ̧ͷ·Ŵ
·޳һѵʶǿز
һۺͽ˵ȥû̧ͷ
·Ծ˴һһ䷿ȥ


141 ֮ս
ʮ⣬Ǽ䷿ͬĶˣһλλɽɽһλʱ̲ҵڿ롣ʿͱȽˣ·ڴǰİӰ˵ʲô
ţ벻бɺˮѾͷڿ˵ɫ͡
֣ӲŻ۶˲ܳͷɽ˵
ڿͷ
൭ſڴλɽλʿȴһ˹һֱߵǵн
ʲôˣǰˡһ˳ȵ
ǹȼˣ¼Ǽġ˵úǣڹȸ֮Уڼصķн˵˲ˣ˵һ£ҽȥͨһ£ϢûС
һЦ˵õġ
αһ㣬˲ǰѸײڶ֮ƣֵֻͬʱ˵ʺ
ۣѪһ֣Ҳûתͬʱίڵϡ
̫ͻأ˶һȻûһΪüһ¡
ԩ
һתһ紵Ժ䣬ԭʧˡ
ſ˵ڶ˵ȻúǵһᣬȻû˽ſڴҲϢ˶һۣжݣһͬɲſڣһۿȥƽʱĻʱΣڵϣһɫҺ»ۡ
ͬʱһ䣬ܾ˳⣬»ﻹܿõӰ
ԶøԶԶڵĹȸͼǧᰲ˯ˡ
ʮŻ׻ƿ¡滹û˯ɽɫѿ˵ʲôʱˣ
£Ҫɱҡ
ʮŵܻûӦ¡Ѿ˴ӳ˳
Ԥе¡ʶղŵĸоģʲô
ˣ˾ͳƿصķΧһûеĲһ˿
㲻մСԺƬ̼תһȦӣһ䵽ԺĵĴϣÿϣ¶һĨء
䵽ϣʮŵѾڳλ۷壬һЩ̣ǿĲ϶ڡ
Ӧˣ˹¡¡˵һ仰ſڴͬʱһݣͬ·Ǿ͵˵ֶһ˭أ
˴ʮС淿ǰϸϸ鿴λߵ˴¡ͷ˵λʦ
˿ڴЩƹĺۼۼܵǾ˵һ£˵һӣ쵽˼ĵزƿصüãǡüǣΪԴس졣
£˶ǳɽģõģǻΪһʦţԼõʬô죿
𾪶ȼң˰ɣ㿴أɽʮŵܿǸһֱ粻Ļɽ
˵ڸ˰ɡɽ˵
ǻòš¡˵̧һ΢΢ԳɫĻϣŻһ¶ȻһߣŻͬǻܵĻɽΪ֮ɫ
ľĪ
һߣ¡˦ֶһ̷ֳɡֱʿϣɫ棬漫ңֻǶ˲Ƥ̶ɿһţֻƬ̻Ϊҽ¡һֻӳһɫ˳ζ̱ǵĻҽԭʧӰ٣ͬûйһֻǰϣƬĿġ
¡λ˫Դﵽһ׵ţ
ʮޣŹһˡ
ֻǰŻ֪иʮ֣һٷޣޣһλ׼š
һֱԸĳ˼ҹҹߡ
£ڻȥ¡ԥλӣ˵λ·ô
û˿ɵҡҡͷܣλߣǻȻˣ˼Ȼǳɽģҿһ꣬Ƿֵ·аɣҿɲΪôСա
·ģ¡ڣһͷ¶βС˻ܽȵһˣһ
ʮŵܵͷ¡˵ҲЪϢɣҾ˯ٲ˴š
Ҳ̫ˡʮŵ˵Ŀһۡ
࣬λ·үһνҲ̫ѿ¡浭ȻһЦ
ǻΪѵģ˾ѰҪŹģҲ֮ϡʮŵȻ˵
Ǿͺá
¡浭ȻһЦȥˡһֻ֣յָڲ԰ס
صջ·ڴϣ¶ԡ˯ѾǼݳ޵£¶Ҳϰˡ߾ֻèǳǳĺ֮·ߣ·޺Ȼе¶ȥǸ§ߣȻܿͰȻ˯ȥ
һ
۾ͼ˰ߣһ˫ֱ
Ҳѣ˵Ŀͬʱת˵ϡ·Ϊֻ·ĳ˵һֻ֣ĴСϣʶ
ܴѾΪõܺõһֻӡ

𣬱·޳Ϊ޶ĳˣĿ÷˫ּɿĽһֵֻӡ
㣬Сɱ㡭
ʮָɣָֿˮֻһᣬһֻ΢΢̹֣Ŵٿһ£ҫۣһֻľͬһһܻ˫ϣϣֱۼתâҫۡ
·޳һϽеûж㡭
ֶ˼ϣ˵Ҳ̫Բˡ
λɥѾͷųǰ֮Ť
ʹһ¡
·޼æٶ࿹ڵĶһֻܶܡ
һ£һڣһֱ߲ݵŷٻٹʱ۾ı֮ɫѾˣɫҲָƽʱɫ֮ԣһ֮ڣԵıҩڴﵽʦ۷״̬ССҲͶһ֦ɫĴ֦
ţ·úĵһо
γɵһֻܣ棬Ƭ̾ʧˣ·޺÷׵ľȴﵽ޵ܻ˲仯ȥײСÿ
ԷȻΪһӡʧһֽɡ˫ţȻ˫ּ䣬һͬʵܵľ룬ɰǧ˹
·޵ǰʱȫɫľ̡


142 
ûôƽƶľĿ봲ϣ˲仯ȥֻϴϵһñѾǧٿס
·Ѿվ˵ϣǰһֻ󵽶ߵɫٷŵ
·һͷۡ
ӭϣһξûǰɣȻĴڷֱҪСƿ
·һ𣬸ǳԾСѾͷȻҲλʦ߽ϵġ
ᡱ
·޷ݵһһľϡ
޶۾ˣӵķߺ޲ѡ
Ͼ٣һʹ϶ƿ£ͬʱƳһǰһʹּ˳
·ֻ뵽ӳ⵶Ĺ֮¡
岿ˮ·˲ԭʧ
䣬ǽҡһǽ似Ʒ

һֻɫ޷ɳ·޵Ӱ綾һռ䡣һ·һӰ
·ǿʶо˺Σգһ·ɱκֻһ䲻ʮƽС䣬Ҳûһֻﵽʮ׵ñ
ֻ߾׷һ·ݡͬʱһֻС־Ȼͬʱʩḷ̺̌;·ʱбԤС
Ԥǲ̫ӭ
Ȼ֣ͻȻһֻĻֱ˳һ֮⡣
Ȼӳ
ϣ͵Ȼһɽ֮޶еڻʧȥһء

޶͵УԼ߽ױֻشϵľĿɣɰٵľ̲·޵ǰ
䣡
һֻߵľԶܣǰ
ϢĲߣֻȻԴľܶܣҲų޴̶ȡһֻˮܣˮܽãϧոԹ֪ˮˣͬʱڴѾǸ漣ˣͬʱϣǸõġ
ֻľԵķܣͽһۣһ֧ľ̷ɽķļͷϡ
ۣ
Ѫһ֣·޴һء
ľ˲ʧֻѪȾ·ʺһƬ
·ŭˡ
ٻٵ䡭

һɫƹģߵĺڼǽڣڹ͸ǽڣǽ粨¥ڻζȫǺ⣬ҫŲ۾һ̵ʧ
һֻһţ޶ӿϸ٣ϸٽ壬Ťᣬ˲֯һֻ߿µľٶܡһľֻȻѾΪһֻ߽ٶܡ
ٻٵֱײ˶ϣǿܲڼķǰûܻƣܸܲ޶ͬĶܣһͬ͵ǽϣȻһ졣
ǽ氼˽ȥֱӷڶ䷿ڡ
޶ɫѿеٶܿ쭶һֻޣٱ·޵ԡ
һȦȦԲ·޵ͷ
·һֻаߴСĻܣֻС̶ֳȣֻһԭǾ¶ѾλڵĿҪȼˡ
һһڣԶȼˣԶȥ
ܲǣ޶ĳ޲ûоʹ˻ȥǲɣֱ룬һһ˳ǹϻȥϴ̳·һ֧ԶĴ֡
һɫǿС죬ͬһλĺӣһҪѹԷ
ʱš
޶Ȼ̧һֻ֣ϵöռָͻأһֱ۶
ڳ쳣
ŤָͻȻһֻͷһֻ͸˵ұһЦʱһԣһ䣬սһ㡣
һȴһë޵ѩ׵İ͸ɫ岻ϵڳΡ
һ׵ݶռݰСһֻɫ˺·޵ǰһЦѪϸⳤ죬ĺ촽һһֻ޵ǰצȻֳⳤָҲɫģװֻצĳֺͻأ·һʼ̧Ȼֳ֮ϡм仮ĺۼڡ
ÿ̡
·ֻצ£شоȴﵽٷ֮ٵСͻƾȻȥڵķɴǽڣʮֵǽڣɳ¥Ĵȥˡ
ž
ؾѹ羫Ľϣҳһһ׵Ĵӣϸֱѵ֮⡣
·³һѪһƺѾȥˡ
ëİ׺ûʵһƶƮһ̾ͳ·ǰ޶ҲӰ׺Ͽ
˲ࡣҲģΪ˹һµŬ͡
׺ȤĿһᣬצһһ·ץצСʱٴƮһ̣ڶ⿴һӰһ̾ʧˣ·֮ǰӰӶģֻеϵĴӣĿĵǣΣʱʱڵģһ

һʹĴУһɽµһСϪֱ͸
ȺɽƣװĻѩɽչɽƺ޾
һƥһй£һ·齦ֱǧµһ̶
ɫůʹ̶ɣɽ֮ϡ
·ƴ̧ͷ̧ˮ棬ʹйѹ
ȫϪˮղͷҲһˮСһʹˮԣﲻǺˮ
ʹĵһоȫͬɢ˼һʹûһ۶ϼʮ壬ĹԶѰ࣬˵ǸֽҲΪˣǰˡ
ϣ·̧ѰʼӼߡ

һСڰߡһϮ̶̴ˮˡͷԺһֻʵţֻӾͼֵǡϳͲʣһϣְֺף۵ôơˮĴ̵ۣıӣСɵıĴɫ·Ҫˮ
òɷÿ飬û̳
һѾǳ׸µģ͸İ׺ֻǳһ欵ܰԵȥϣʼչһ˿ĻüۣаǵĻȡ


143 
ʱ˿ֻ̣ⳤצ⣬һֻɫĿռָ䵽ǰĵϣѾΪСɽһѡ
鼮лףеҩ·޿ü죬һϸԭȻԼϵֻȻԭĵطѾտҰ
˶·޴ˮȻ޶ԣͷһҲûУרעǰ׵սһһˮͷ𵽱
·޴һȥ
ѽָң
ǺǡҵģҲˣ忴ҲһۣаЦš
аɫɭȻıֱһװ뿪⣬ܲܵǣſž졣ӳֱ׵һ⣬˺ֻͬ͸塣
ıԵҲ˼һ£Լﵽ۷ı˳
ռŤһڵһһ׵졭
޴ѹ£޶Ȧ⣬ЩżƿλĪļһ
̧̧ۣ׺ɺĴۿһ·޺ľ޴ܵ
һû
һ˿ܲҲûУֻǺӵĿĵֱ⻮գͷֻһֵʱ򣬲һ˿ڿв̶䵽ʵƵһһһйƽյ·޷һˣѾȵһֻɫצֻצָ֧׼ţһн޴󹥻ˡֻצôڵ·޸ûõ
֣ҵĽָң鲻ص·ɫѿͻȻֳһˮջصͬʱһʽغȥһ㾢ӳֵڶϣӣһھ쭶ܷδѽ׺ë
ı仯Ī⣬׺Ȼͷָֻףһһɵ·޾һ˳ʮ
򲻹
ǸͷβǰֻбŰķݣϷζ˷
·ޱҪĿռָŰһٴҲҪ¡
·һ˿Ц¶ϣѾƸۣһٵײССȻͬڵѾʶܲԸʹʦѾ
ȻײСҡѣ޵ڿռ䱩һϢһð׺ֳһ˿졣
ûôʲô
һ˫ĿŰ͸壬·е֮ܵ⣬ֱܲĿռ䣬ֱһצĽռյͨ͸
͸վЦ⣬һŵ·ޡ
񼶡
޺﷢
ڵһ£ܱ׺һɱ·޻ҪǿܲռΪ֮ڣ˭뵽Źϣһ۵ĿռָȻһֻޣ
׵𣬾ʹﵽ˽ʮ׵ĸ£צ£ͻأֳһֻ׵ĴɫͷֳһͻԲ飬׶ΧγһѹֱӳΪת
͸ʵදˣϵһʣȴ˸ܵһģ⿴У޷Բ
㾹Ȼһֻޡ·˵ЩѰҵ޾ô׵ĳǰ鸴ӵ˼㣬ϲŻɣ𾪡
λȻǶ¸ŨһצеİױĵЦ졣
̫ˣٶȥˣһûʹʹĴһܣһ֣Ƿһɣ
Хһıӭͷ¡һӾʮ׵⣬ƿռһû
·޿û裬Լְֻܼʱݣǰ廹Щˣ£һֻⳡսգ֮䣬ջܵķܶһ˳ȥ
һֻܶƿһеų˹ȥӭһӡ
ǺǡܰǸؼ似Ȥˣ㻹м԰Сţҿжٱ¡
¡
ضɽҡ̶ˮͻȻƷˣΪ֮һӴһ׸ߵɳʯһƬĻֱչ
ͬʱˣÿһȥ涼һ塣
һ˼أ·ڰգ˫һֻϾ٣һֻѹһҺɫ񱩵ķܣһҫ۵ĹܣһƬ̽ɵԲﻥײµĶǡ
ܹܶ˯켶ɱʯ˳ȥ
ǺǣСӣֶ˸ܣ㻹мܣȫóɣҵ켶似ѩǧᣡ
йһ·İ׹ֱû̫Ĺߣڽʮ׸ߵǰӿ޾ݵѩ⡣ɽܲһһ㣬޵ӡһѩͻȻ·޵ķܹ֮ܶǰ
¡
ķѩ裬ذһ֮ⶼһƬѩŰУ˶ѩп˴ˣȻһѩ͸սɡ
·ƾǿʶ֪̽˶Էһܹܶ˳ȥ
Ǻǡ
Цһ죬أ̶ˮֱʣѩ䲻
˳·һ̧ۣһԣˮ·ͬʱڱ¡ǡ
ʶͻȻʧȥ˶Է·һס֣ķѩ価·޵ǰһƬѩƬ˲䰲·ûпҪ塣
ֱΣյĸоǵضȻתһ·׵ֱ졭
иٽӽӰԾ۶ɭɭİɫ
·ǰľȻƬ̶ˮɵı׶εıɽʮصıɽǧİͻȻѹ
սɣұĽ쳹ʡ޴ıɽӰӡ
·޴һ˲ģȥжһľܶܣͬһɫ磬ƾ뿪˵棬ڽֳһӿӵͬʱѾԭʧ


144

ľһӹ󣬷ųΧ·ʮ֡
ϷɳʯòݣһʮصıɽȫûУѿĴﵽ׿⣬벻ס
һһ˽ʮ׵һ޿ӣ
·ĿеĲŴﵽ˶㡣
͸øӵ죬ʮ׵ߣıȻһչͬʮ׵һ
ôܷɣ·Ŀࡣ
ǺǣΪʲôܷɰҵ־ͽѩɽɺһֻɺܲôǺǣҲ
꣬ѽָҡ·ûʱˣмĴӣⱩȥ
ѩɽɺצȻ棬޾ӿһצӣؾ͵ա˲䶳ᣬһֻɵĶɽΣֵӴ⡣
¡
·ǰ谵һƬǶֱﵽʮϿգ·޵ǰԵüΪС£һֻܹܶû뵽ӣһɵĺǰ벻ûʲô
֮⣬·һĶ֣Ȼӵ˼£һλĽϣһһ׵˵Է
ֹͣսԷս⼫Ũһݵӡ
һֵĹڰյɳ޾ѩԽԽԽأһ﷽Բսв͸ɽȼѾٲԭò
ӽгÿһӾȫܵ𵴳ĳܼޣ·ÿһⶼʹ߶ÿһһˣȻʱѾˡ˵·Ҳͷһغȥѩɽɺһֻצ̶ˮһץһգһצжһֻ͵ı׶ǰʮ׸µķɺѧûаֻ׶ֻ׶צ£һǰ·޵塣
غصĻӵ׶ϣɽȼ
·޵ĺѾʯ֮ϣ޴ˡ
һֻ׶ѾѩɽɺצУȻƽ·ֱ±ڣ±һٵţˮһֱʮ£׶ѾȫȻû뵽ɽ֮УĽ£ɽʯγһʯꡣ
󶪳һ֧ʱȥ·տյֻʱǴĸܣ;Ѿ۷ԱڶԷĹ£ֻһİ£׹̶ˮ
̵һ·һ̶ˮͱʶֻһϢظһϢϢֱӳﵽʮµ̶ˮС
ѹҲǼιᴥ˵壬̶׵·һ
Ϣ˵ˮ硣·Ҫܾòһ಩ںʹ֫ٺſѨλˮ΢΢ȡȻȡԶԶ޷󣬵иʱӣҲֻɺͻˣҲ˵
·޵ʶȻûмΣյϢƺӳˡ
̶ˮ⣬ʮԶϿգչﵽʮ׵Ȼ͸ѩɽɺ滺񶯳ʹһֱͣڰգżĶС̶档ıϣһʼиŮ棬ˣƾһʦ߽ףܲлˡ
̶Ϊ֮ǰһͲϼеɳѾǲ±ߵһʮ׵һ󶴣ڲʯ䣬׶µ󶴣ıٲ
ɽȣʱ˿̻һɳǣС̶Ŀһ﷽ԲľȫȻƷڵأһƬǼС̶߸ǹݺᣬһǧ緭һ㡣
ѩɽɺһĶˮ棬һֱˮѵѾʱȥˣˮ滹ԭӣһϸҲûг
ԽԽȤˣ룬ϺЦԽŨޣֱһλڴ´νĳҹáϾȻֳһ
ʱ̶׵·һεļޡ
ӵб˵·ޣﵽ˼ޡë׺ͼٵѨλȫſˮЯȻ㣬ʹﵽģĶÿһΣҲڵѹǿԽԽ󣬵ٽ㡣
ϢѪļ٣е˿ڱǴⲻԸΪ̣ȻȻİϢнѨԨѨϴʹ磬沿ѪҺٲӡ
ѹﵽ󻯣ڴʱˮһսڣɲֱˮף·޵Ķγɺ
ɣСһҲɱ㣬ٲˣǺǣֿϧģҺ֪㱾ӵеô֮ǰλ۷壬֮ͳλһףһӣֻص޵ˮ׼˳ԾСأµĲĻһֱҵһˣռˣ벻Ź꣬ĺϲ㣬Һúÿ
·ɲʱ˿̣ͻȻΪѹϵļأѾپ쳣
ϢȻ١
ֲͬԣͬʱ
Ѿ޷ɵͷȻ
Ҫˡ
Ѿˮ·ޣʱ˿ȫȻãԵڸΪͻڴһ
ʦ˵ĹͷЩռˣţơ൱סЩˣһգһ׹ѣһȫ絶һһ飬һľ紸ǿ䡭
ߵ·ͬʱھУ֮ѨľˮԼ䲻סͬһײһٸһһײһ
ܺȻͬʱı¸Сײȥ
ӣбﵽ۷壬ﵽʦ۷壬ľ磬ˮͬʱﵽһףӳλʥ޴ͬʱС·ˡ


145 ǿ
䡭
Ӿ·һͷˮף˹ȥ
䡭
ˮһɳ죬̶ˮʮ׵İգ·΢С״̬Ĵˮ֮УⲻϣʵԹâһͬ֡
ѩɽɺԾСһ˫ᣬ˲䲦ߵ֮⣬аĺɫ˫ͫˮе·ޡ
ˮȻ£·ˮ䣬ɺѾȷǸ˴˻֮Уֱ׹˫ˮĻٳڵʱצѾһ޳塣
ٴβߣɺ䵽¶צ·ƽڵ£˫޶Ҳƽĺһһһͬ洦·ޡ
𣿡޶ʵ
ûͻˣɺֻצϣһᣬһȻ˵ȻԵܣһס֮ǰ۷ıѾΪʥˣļҲӦһ׵ķԾš棬ʲô
ɺѾǾκˣҡͷǵͷû˵
ô˺񣿡޶ʵ
룬ҵ֮ˡ
ɺ˵Ʈ۾һֹɫ⻪һ̣һצˣע·޵İٻѨһרעСƺ֮ǰ޲һצС࣬ΪһۿɵйĴСľͻȥ
ڻ֮е·ޣӦһ´֮ԼڵʶȻſ˫ۡ
ǰһ޾׵˸һ̵˼άͣͣ˲俴ֻͷľ޴ëצѹһգ۵£·۵һһգ۶û죬ٿһ£·ƽ˳ȥ
ף׹·Ѿվ𣬻ɫ£һֻһװıܵǰģĻ֮ǰ١
ôûʲô쳣·һ˫һ
˺ʱһЦ⣬Ǹµĺӡ
ǸռӵߣԲԣ
ԣ·˼һ롣һЦķɺ֮꣬ǰЩ䱸
һλް˺һ̬Цøˡ
˺ԵĹ·ֻñϷһҵܸڶռǰȴܸеϲ£Цӭ˵Ľ꣬һյĵϹ
ռ䣿·ܣ¾Ǹµ̶һ¼пȥֻˮһΨһ̡
ѵҪôҿǿڵǿĹͬնҼܹ֮˺ˣڻ֣ٲĻɱ£ɢ˵ֻҪ㲻ǾͲȥ˵֣˺۾иųĺһûһϸɺĳڴһ
·ת
ҿıģûĻһ壬ıѾˣ
һ㵣ɺһ˿ת˲š
ǵģǸ壬Ǹ壬Ҳʦҵıڣ㲻ҵǰվһӡǿ󡣼ͻи徭һδ죬츳һŵĻϣһԼ룬Ҹӵʱ䣬ҪҪҵռ䡣ɺ겻ˣ״е˵޶ߡ
Ϊʲô·һָ޶
ܼ򵥣ûܡҵռֲ룬ıռǸĶͻ˵ľҲ̫ˣֻɱҲͬҡɺϸϸĽͣˮһ޺ӡ
Խ·޾Խò˴ӱ氵ѾЦݺĵӲģ⧲ֺ˼ʶֻһˮ淨Ϳͷ
ЩұŪ˶ҹŹûģ
һ㣬ɺ˵ĵĿһߵŮӡ
룬ΣҸ׾Сǡ
Сǵ֣Ź֪˼ûСЩӲŶʱǾͽЩСǵĴЩ·ңԶ飬˴ɫʣ˴˵룬һ˶һ֧СǴʮԴɽһ·֪ɱ˶ɽޣƽ˶ǿ׾˵ǿ壬ֳˣмĴ˵ɫʸڵʱʵ飬Ѿǵʵʷ£ֻǿڿഫһ˶Ĺ¡
յعŹһִԺмԺͳÿԺѧϰǵż
һٶʮ꣬һѧͬ꣬һŮŮΣ
ĹСŮԺ˵СǵֺһоͲҪ͡
һԴɽˣӦûһöƷռָָһҲͿԽˡֻţпܴһţƵ
һ⡣ıأ·ʵһСǷĵŮߣҲյָĳ̶ȡջܵ
ˡɺûɵһˡ
ôûлɢأ·޺档
ָֻľצָָöϵĽָʯƳɵģҵĻǣʹҲɢ䣬Ҳһֱ뿪ʮ֮ԭһｵһ񼶺Ӧͬϵö֮ͬ˵ŷɺһ˫ۿ·޵֣Ŀһ
·޾ָһȻεһģһĸƹܣȷʵĹáкöԶȡҲеĺöܲ˵˽ȥһǡ
ѳʯָΨһ취ҵһһռˡ˵ùˣ±Ҷ˶ǰһҵļҵõɡ룬˵Ķ˵ǳǻһܣҲҪƭ㡣
·޵ͷҲǿֲɣҲ¡
Ǻǣ˺Ц滨ţ֪ͺá


146 ˺
Ȼһ󲨶ԭص˺Ʈ£һǽһȻһΣ̰ʧˣ˲ԭصľȻһλ߽׵ľɫŮһŵŮĴﵽլеԻ룬лƽָߵϣùĵļģӿٶҲһҲǶ࣬յĵطˣҲյǡôˮһʵصĽ¿㣬ֱѪЧˣḧһͷɫٲƵͷ
ֻǻǰ͸Ļ壬ƺһͻʧȥ
ɺ˫ЦʼһȣҲһ˿ʵЩʲôһλɧĵŮӣ˭뵽֮ǰһë޵
ôﻷģû˴ţһʱ֮Ӧֲ룬ͲᵢҼҹĴ£ֹλ¡ٳΪȼҵСŮ
ɵ˵꣬һЦǡ·޵Ĵ𸴡
ЦȻԣ˭뵽һָֻɱˡ
еĵڶռǰ·һʱ벻ôĺˣѾӿǣԷǲͬͬⶼҪֲģһӶԷа˼Цݾᡣ
ܲͬ𣿡·޾׵ĺá
ҡҡͷ˺ЦԽĻ֦չ
ǻʲôҲɱңǾɡ·޵Ȼ˵һһʼղɫΣŮԶȿȥĸӣҲ֪Щʲô
˺˹·ֻеһֳصѹ𶯼ʶǿʮĳ̶ȣӦûӦ
ǰ죬ܸоļۣһ˱ǵ£ܿ죬һֻҲ׽סʮָۣĻһһ˫ҲͬʱƽʴΣȫغϡ
·һװ˵ĸӣͷȴպķ۾ϣ۾±߾Ǹ׵͸¶룬ѹ·޵壬ʹӵӿ·ֻеԼŵˣһı÷컣ҲȻ̡
ɣ㽻ңҲ˺ģֻ㣬Ϊһ˶Ҷһ˺߽˴ߵĹЧ·ޱͲģӵѪҡ
һߵΣɫ糺죬ĳȫûŮһʱЩ֪룬ֺ˷ܡ
һЦɺɺкȻһ˿ռȻһŤһʺһûѩɽɺٿԭزˣȫ·޵塣
һʼǾʹѨλϣǿ˺һ·ƱǰУ̾ȥˣѪ׷ɡ·ȻֶϣϸϸѪһʵѪˡ
ֻһۣξ͸Żӳûôֲĳ棬˻ǰ
·ĸоԼˣĸоѾֹһνӴʱֲĸоҲѹסȫľʹʹ쳣ζ˲ȥ̹ĸо
һѣһһ黯ֻʣ¸ӣĿȫǡ
ͬʱģһұ޵ͻأĳ·޵ʶϲЦ⣬ͬһɽһӵˡ
·ޱϵˣʲô˼ѵ˵ϵˡϵ˵ĸоԽԽǿʱ˿̣ѾԼֻ׸ķݡԼһԹߡ
һٲתֻеһн
һƬƿһеճСʱ
߽һơһ·ڵĴսֱղŵһսһҡͬΰһҪѹһɣҵֱ˽ӡ
ʹ
ܵû̫Ȼ·̶׵ͻԱȸӵǿ󣬵һĽ׵Ķ֣ܵȥһµĽ䡣
Ҫ·ʶһ䣬޷¼۸
Ǻǡôѽ㲻ΪΪô˺Цʹо͸İļӾ磬ƺȫľˣֻľܹʹȼɡ
סվҵģʵ㣡·޲Ϊ˵ݻ˺ͻֲ飬෴ͬΪķɺ仰ģȻڵʹһ˿ļ٣ңڣڿʼغˡ
Ϣһ˿˿Ĳ·ѾƲľʼһɣѵһʮµڡһ·ڣһغȴ˵ãһ˰µͻȻץһͷҲǼζġ
͵ɭһ·Σ˵֮ǰľһ·Ļôھһ··޵ʶ
ͬʱеĻйĤƤѪҺѪܣ񾭸֪ʶڱ仯֮УһεĸһΡȽ϶ԣܸ·޾Դܸġ
޾ʹ¸ľһ··СĵڡѪѪͣͣһȫµԡѪ
޴֫ٺһͬӿͬһطȻһ£·һ³ʧȥ֪
˫۵
紵¶ּѩ·޷ڵϣþò·һǳǳĻѩѩϣͱѪ͸ܻˣѪˮ
ҲȥֻôţȥѾȫѹ
ʵﻹǺͬİģַСϵСڣĲһǿҲǷͬСɡ
࣬ĵһӡ󡣾ǿǿ̣ηԼ˵ȫޱô
һ£һ·һʱת
ûʶɨڡ
ﴦ
СԭĵطȻֳͦ࣬һСѩɽɺȻǸ͸ĴڣСϴԶڵĵЦ⣬磬һСΧڲסСߣ㲻մء
ǸõطСǲĻáʶСɵķɺȴ


147 
ס죡·ܲĳν
ѽСãأû˸۸ˣţԺйŹˡ˺޽˵
ߣܾò̤ʵԸ㲻ʲôɸ˵ĿģĴڷʽ⣬㲻Ǹռ䣬һֻľӵĻǣһûбĻǣһ£뺦ңյĽֻƣû˵·˵
СɹģģûôҵĿģ㽫һһ֪ģ磬һҾǲ˵ҲţǲǣǺǣڵʵɣѾȫˣһʱ֮ǰȣڿҪţء
˺ĵЦţȴһϬ
·һѪ±ߣһ
¾ǸĿȫǵɽȡ¾Ǹ̶Ҫϴһϴ˵ζ죬ȳš
һԶԶʮΣ·һ죺ѽָҡ
·޵һָֻ
Ҳ˵ָֻ¸ԶԶıܿ
·޽ӹϣʧãʶָֻԼվıߣ׼Ծȥ
ɫķһ·޳һ
ת˲ռ׵Ŀռ䣬ֻǲɵָܰıϲҪһݶ£ʶһϷʵЦ
ɵϣõƲôſȥɡ
·޵ʱľ
ɡ
ĳ򰡡
дǸ࣬ĳ򰡡·˵
ûУСǺǡ˺һЦ
ô˵Ҳܷɣ·޶ϲѶǲš
ʶڤ뱳˫ñͻ壬רע似һ䣬ɷ˵ģʶܵһɳ·ͷһΣԺгִϢʱʶǿȣһ似ʶѾβɳˣһܿ似ͨĵͼ似
·һעű˫ؼм·һ㶣ѵ˵ֻ׺겢˫ֻһ似ô
û˵ɣܻмá
·ϸжһǧ֣ŪĳУһͻȥ·һʱʱ˿̣ѾˣǸѾ࿪ţֻѾ˸֣߳ǸѾз࣬ٻȥҲֻʣµصķݣһߵΣѾ죬һôͷһ¡
ޣǻȻȥɣܷҲһܳɵģٲܵ˰Сţһʧȥ˺ӵȨżļ
㣬Ҹ֪ôģĻѽ·ްһۣʵڲ֪òøлȻ׵ӵ˵ڶռ䣬ʦĿռ䲻ͬ·ģ񲻰һ޾׵мƵ۵ĸо
ָо·޿ɲϲԷѾˣϲռǷֲ벻ɵģ첲Ҳšȣֻп滹ʲôˡ
ôѽμöţ·޵ӷǵѧмŻŻȥһŵõνյСӣҪ²ſϳԷһ
ˣҸǻȥɣһ𣬿ռƮһ£һ͸·ߣߴ󵽽ʮ׵ǰûʲô
·ûųֵ˺ʶУһСǿ鱦ء
յģڣһұ°ȻĶ
ǺǣֻǸûɵ˳ȥεЦ
ޣƤһ߳ûС㣬ҿ鶹Լײ·ҧг˵
ջʶ·޼ѾȻ˺ıϣ֡
յģѹŰֻǿޡ·޷ϡ
ף棬оһ͸Ķ͸ŶˣһչС
һ·ڼ׵ĿУ߷ХƮ߷ţ·ֻػһ棬ĵ棬һֱչȥ֮һʱĵʧʱüֻھ޴ݺ۳ңɾһԼأʲôԹ𲻹·ϵһƬơ
˺չҲǰ̹ͳһƬ˫һգһƫƧط£ϸ£ԭ˴Ӽҵĺ԰֮С
غ˺Զʧ˴߳ѭȥȥþת˹ȼҵĴ䳡ϡ
ÿĵطĴ䳡һЩ£ҲͶطС
ת·ľͷǰһƬУмעĿһϣкХϱҲ˼˴йȼҵĻԺܿȥ
֪һѡμеǰ뿴ʲôڱԡ
޸һɣòżҲüϵ
·޻Ǹһֱ̨ǰվ˴УעĿۿ
̨·ʮʮĴҲˡʱ˿׳һ·޿һ۾ûٿȥ˲ʦߣĶԴ򣬶·˵ڿ֣Ŀ⿪ʼѰǸĿꡣ
ɽ
ҪɱҲҪɽûȥעһ
̨һֻĵԱϬĿֱϡ
žһ˷µأ̨֮˸մһڶ˾ͱȥִһ
һطҲһ̨ӣٶˣһεʮŻ׻ƿףǼеһЩλĳϣһ¡棬ҪѪͷλɽˣλһ·ޣǲϱԤһбŰ޴ӵ֪еľһЩͷˣ·зҲ棬ڽ챧˹£Ѿκϣˡ
ʦһףҲ˵ص·С·ˣȻûʲôˣûڣ·Ҳֻ˿ͣһ𵱳ÿʵС
Ϲװƾһ³ȵúܲң
Ե̨ϳʦ·ҾͲٳˡ
û뵽λȻ
ƫ̨ϣܿõĵطȼҺİŮλŰΣϴû¶ȵЦ⣬ʱʱ̧ͷ̨·һλڡòֱӴ̼ǣ׳ǣȻԹʮ겻׼ޣżҲһλүү²̨ȥŲɣĻۣ˹ϵĲκκָ
Ȼ˽͵̨¡


148 ˺
̨λлȻţмϳη¶һ˿ο
Ǹ꣬㲻Ҫ𣿡һʱ¿·̲ס
ȻҪҵӦһкʵѡͷߣ˵ҪߣҲû˵ġεһ˼ȫƮҺǸϣЩĲɡ
ٺ١ʶЦ
һֱһ£Ϊʲôڶûҵһſռѡ˵ֻҪ룬ܶ˻źŹġ
ᣬһܲ޵ĸ죬ֻ·һܵ˵ģ˼ҲҪȻҲŹԴɽмʮءҴ֪ռĺôڽһλ޵룬Ѱ޵İЩΪһռ䣬һѰңҲ˵ˡ
ΪʲôûҪأ·ɫѾѿ޵ĶˣȻ룬ɱ
˿·ޣЩ˵ֹ
ʶλ˺˵ˣ֪ҪʵģԸ㣬ΪǸûбĻǣңĶĶҵı壬Һͱ񼶿ռ䲻һĵطǺǡҲΪʲôԴɽҲҵԭ򣬻һԭ벻öռָСһ쵽ңҵңҲл᲻ǣСǵõңȴֻˣûһԸԷϵңһԱռˣռǲֲܹġϻͷȻʺĵطұΪأû뵽㡣ףҰɣõһõ°ںγǺǡ
·޾ûĺë
ǺǣԺˣҲʲôˣҽ첻˵Ҳᷢġˣɡ˵һ䣬˺̬򷽵ķС£
ȥɣ·ðһ̧һٻ鵤һεĿ⣬ͷˡĿһ˿ӣֳĶӣͬһλһʱҲòӣ·޶һܲ⡣
˵ʲôҲǸôʲô۹⿴ң·޻ˡ
㲻磬ֻҰŮ˵ЩġȻûŮӣ˵⻰кһγһӡ
·ͻȻЩ嶯Ȼ˵ãһ̨
Ůһ㶣۹֣ɲΪбļһֻ˵Цڻܴɱ˶˵Ǽ£Ҫɱˣˣûס
ŮӲЩһס·޵һֱֻۣصʵ㲻˵İɣû㡣
ˣ·޵ȻĿڵ״̬öˡ
ҸǸŮӼ˵
ˣҼȻ˵ˣ·޲ٿӿһУյģҪţ棡ʹѾģôɣʹͬһɽһ㣬Ҫˬ
мԺ죬ֻҪΪŮЩ֪롣
·޲ˣǸԺԺƹŮǰɣƽʱһòвеģôˣƵģΪΪֻɧҡǰүˣүүһúˣҲǸ˰ɣȹˣҲְ֪ɣģͿţһд˭Ŵ˭
һ˫ۣôҲ벻˻ƿڴǰ裬˵ĵһΣ൱ûע⵽Ǵڵǣʱ׷װĿͶ̶Ȳ̨
СֲܱǶ֣Ҳ򲻵ã۾ίˮֻǾ뵱һֱš
ҴѩɽɺҰɣ˺
·նʹ࣬ȴЧ
㡭Ŀ⣬ŮҲ̲סˮһء
Ҫ˭ѽߵһ˺·ޣ·ҲָһָǸУ룬ԭģǸģ˺
˿ָĵطЦһЦá
ûɣǸ˻ߡղżԸˣ֪ܲλޣǵʺֶӣҪϱ¿ˣԲģؼҴڣҲģװ˺ܺĵ
ߣòһҲֻûСϱô˵ʲôҲΪ˳
·˸˸ųһ֮
Ǹ֪ߵغͷ࣬۱޴ΪԼأһСĺһߵ˵ͬʱĿһǸŷųģʮģһŸձüҲ̶õһѪꡣ
·޾ûˣھɱˡǸȻϣ֪˶¡棬ͬһѾ˵ˡ
ĿѾû¶ȡ
׺ֹǸĳļһʱžλǾ䡣
ȤҿɲԼԼҲòĽָˣ˵һֻӸң仰εʶ·ɫ죬Ȼõ˵߾
ȻĿתȺվסˡ
ˬ·һЦ
ʱ˿̨̣Ѿվһˣҵڿ롣
Ѿλʦ·ЩĿղϲģЩζˣϴεǶٴ򣬶ãȥ󣬻ͦģıȭ񣬶֮ĳ֣Ҳ·ǰһСӱ֮ǰݣֻ
ʦһ׵ĺɫܷ磬ֻѹ̨λʦˡ


149 ̵ġ
ɽǲ򵥣һǸ߼߽׵似Է߼н׵似һ׵ܻǱˡСȭжȻҲǺɫȭ硣ķЩаʹȭ缫һ׵ĶԷӲĺˡ޿ˣһǫ̃̄ȥ˼³һѪһȭС
һʱûҵڿ̨𷽲ëˣ̧ˡ
ؾʮﵽʦһ׾ѾţһëĸˣǻǶԼЩʶġ
·µĿš
˺һᣬҪ߹˵һͲסŮĹһ̨
վڿǰһǽһĺ׳Ѿͣڵһ̤Ϳϻҵĺ븲ǣһС˼ҵϴЩµµĵȻҪЩغݵĻںһһˣСŻ˸ǼżҲû˹ֻ֣ǵ˵ԼֻʮʱַЦһƭӣͼģͲ˵Լʮǲǻߡ
׳Ҳ̨˵ķӦҲ˵ȭʹ򣬵ȭһ·޾һ
֣
ȭɽɫֱܷ˳׿⣬ֺɽͣŵ壬һȭͬһɽͻȻԷһڿͻȻܵ˵ҺԺʱĸܡ
ڿ˫Ͼ٣ӡ
ӡ˫ֻӶ䴩ᣬɫܲڻֱʢͬĸһ֯һĺķܺʶ
ʱ̣ܶ˫ֻŤӡɣмֻһһʱ䡣ԷܲѾɽѹ
ڿһϵĵؼӡͷ˳ȥѹɽڿ治뽫ԼıǮó
ȥɣǧɷ
һźӭԷȭ硣ںɫһ
·Ҳǳһ
۹⣬üܵĽ⣬ӡȻһܷ籩
ؼĶǷͬ졣
ںȭ类ϸܷܵ籩˿һǰ˹ȥ
һһֻǰƣȻֳֶһֻ
ɳ
ײͬĥɳͷѹһֹм䣬ǣһ߰ĽԷܣһĽǹ˸һȦȦܲɢܶԵһڴҲֱ˳ʮȥ
ջǿ
ںһ֮£ɫѿܵһˡŭ𣬴̤ǰµ̨淢¡¡ĳ֨֨¸£Ҳ֪жľͷѣֱ֮⡣ŭĺڴ󺺣һʱһɷ񣬼ڿǰ׵ľ룬Ѿȭȭ׷ȵȭͷһ⣬Ѿһʮȭ
ȭȭɽһʮȭڳһ˶ᣬʮҲֻǸͼ似ͼ似ںڴУɵһ
ڿ뼫ٽһֻɫܣķˣͬʱֿʼһӡ
Ϣ
似ɺùҲɽ似·ʶܡ
ܶڷϣڿӡüһССĹ˳ȥ
ȭѾ˳ͷڴ󺺵ۿһû⣬һȭ顣
ڿ¶ϲɫһ
飡
һƬ⻪ܲһƿ
ڴ󺺴һײأص̨ϣ¡ľ졣̨涼һΡ
̵ģ
ߺѽѽվ𣬴Ѫ죬һֻѾȱȫһϸӵĺˡһһֻ֣شȻ𣬺Ȼһ£ľм׷ɣһӴѾԾɣ˫ֻţһɫо˫ּſ˫ֳѹѪҺִ籡ЮѪ굱ͷ¡
δڿ·죬
·޾߼ͽ似ϾȻܷӳ˵ڴ¹һ๦
ڿɿ춪һӡͼͽ׵似η٣ȥҲͬҲû뵽һӡжãֻˡûʱٽһǧɷڿ˫ǿƾһڹķܣˮ󻬡
䡭
̨һƬľмɡ
ڿ뱻ֱ׵̨£жȻûȥ޴ĳ˳أһſڣһѪأ˶ʱί
йȼҵļҽϣһΡѵص̧ȥ
ڴӮһӣؿ̨ɽĹ֮ϵƻ벻⡣
𣿡ƺѾ˱˹ķ컡Ϻ
̨
·Ȼ֮ЦȥˣһֱŵĻɽ㲻һֱ֪·޾֡
ɽһۣ󣬾йȼһ·ǰ·̨ǰһ㡣
̨ȥɽһźϿʲôɽصĺڴҲûп϶ֻۣǳŲ̨һȭӰΣһʻͳ΢΢ͷһ˲ҪǮ΢Ц͹ӵƮȻܺ׵ĸо
ûйʧֳ̨̬һȭ˵С㣬ȲСֶ̨֪֮ΪԼΪһλ֮ʿͷЩŵģ¡СϺһľͳ屾үкɣ˱үһأʸ¡֡ڰɴˣԵľ͵һԼķҵʱ䡣ã׻˵дȥɣҾԶ̨ҲʡҴ綪
˵һźⷬ˿ʼ侲
дСɽһĺں˵˴󻰵ˣȴֻĳûϳߵСܣˣֻλʮз֮ˡ
ɽһ¡鶼ûвӰ֣ûвμζỨΪ֮Уͳ˽ıʤߣԶڻɽ˵ĻûоһĲףһλʮһ˵ıֻǴɢĽƵΪڽܻܲòϳɡ
һǸͷӣѾúУܰƺֻҪһ֣ˮ
ʮŵѹ飬ʵЩˡӲԸûаյ£е¶ıʵʩԴû첻ɵ顣һԸҲԼеʱ̡
ڴ󺺱ֱӣ߳ŭҲ˵һʮȭʩչ
ȭɽ̨ϵʱѹء
ɽƺſһ˫һͲ۾ͳһ϶˳һѪĵΣȭһָ߼ܱܵӭƬɽȭ磬Ȼһ̨һһѪɽ㴣ֱڵϡ

ȫû˺
һˣƺ˵֮һգ۵¡һ󺺾ˡ


150 Ҫ
󺺷ӦһΨ²һȭһ٣˫Ѫһɫ쫷硣
ǵȻ̧ͷɽӶеĸ߼ȭһȭĹąֱ̂쭳׵ܹⲨһû
һ۾ٿ
֮Ҳǵһۡ
䡭
ѡ
Ŀһȭʵһű֮ģʱۿʱųһ
ǫ̈̄ϵĿⶼһ
ûѪ䣬󺺵һֻײСȭͷһλϡֻ֣ܰסȭͷһˮȭһʯһȭʧİˡ
ɽһһֻϵˮϡˮϲһȦȦܱӴâֱĿۣȥ
ȥֻʮ߰꣬һ˿ʦƴһ
Ǹʲô˰
ֻзˣͬһûһ˿졣
һеһ䣬һ죬û˼ȥ
·޻תץǸ󺺵Ķϴ̧֣һžٷ֮ٵĻ棬ڳơһʱյ÷׵Ļ棬ֱӰǸ󺺶ϱ۴
˺ѷεһˮ¡
һ󽹳·޷ſ֣ҲתžɲĻɽ
ҪдңЦ
ͻȻð꣬ɽһǱ龰;׵ʵסˡһʱû뵽λش
˭ʮŵüߵĹȼҼ
һ£Ȼȥʺļˣҡͷһֲ·꣬˭Ҳϵá֪һҳš
лС֮ҽиõҵģ͵̨ңǡǸһֱ̨ȥһʱƴڵþȺѹٲˡ
·޳һͷܺһ̨ϲһֻߵ񵶣һצֶˡ¶Ϊ֮ǣ̨ϵĴľ˿˿ðò˶þͻȼ
Ƚɽ֮ǰţƺȭСÿС档᲻һ㾫
µķӦǰЦʵλӣ֪ļҸߵڸүôƺã˵ôûеĿСġ
·޿һۣȻ˵ҽޣȥɡ
µһ㶣ʣһ絶Ŀ⣬ʶȤȥ
̨̾ǰصʼ̨Ϻˡȴֻõһ޵Ĺ֡
ޣ˭֪
ȼʹû˻شǸС
ޣе˼¡Ŀк£ʵ뷨
ޡ֣֮ζĿ̨ǸһѪ֪꣬ΪʲôԴһ̨ϣоһʶĸоָоǿҵЩ
һõ·ޣƱˣܵľ̨ȼˡȻӣ䵽ɽϡ˹ȥ
ĿģļһԼȻһ㱻´صǰءˣ·ֻ뵽һ֣Ǿɱ
ɽһҲûˣȻ˵ˣӮˣ䡣
仰һ˵˵һɧƾƾö䣬ϣǵһˣ֮ǰһ˵УӮú
׼ְɡ·˵ֱ
˵ˡɽظôĻ޵ۣ·޽ĻͲֹ۵ˡ
ֲǸǸ֮Ҫɱ㣬Ҹһ·ΪһˣϲνֻҪԴ·һһ˵ߣ˶У羪׹һʱ䣬ϳ˷֮ͬó档
ҵ𣿡ɽʱѾݲˣܾеȭƺҲһЩ
ǵģְɡ·˵ͻӶе񵶣һغΪԭ͵֮ľ롣
Уһĵ⣬ͬʱĻɽ
ٿɽѵ£Ҳֻ֪ж㿪ķݡ»еȭӣѾһ㣬㵽̨ࡣ
䡭
ҵء
ľͷ죬ʱȻȼ·䵶׵Ѿɡ
ͬˮ·һ˲ͽһ̨һ磬׵Ļܲʹ̨ͨһƬҫŲ۾
ֻһ·ɽʱԾ̬һ˿Ͼõķɵ׵İУͬʱϵȭȻ¡
Ŀͷ裬·ѾжദѿǱ˼㡣ʱ˿̣Ļ˵Щֻƴڵܰٷ֮һٶʮķӳ
ɫڰһ˼תۣ·޵ĵѾȫסˡ
ɽԾ׵ٶĻͬһֻķɶ꣬Ǵľ
أһ磬һɫӰգкȻһڡǵһ죬һ㣬¡¡ֱͷ±ӵĺһӰѾЮŻɽɳΧ޵ĺࡣ
·ϳԵػֱ飬һʱ䣬ԭأûȥ׷
תһµкӵ
¡棬ֲ¡棬վ־Сˡ
·Ŀת̨£վһλˣһŮƵ˿ĳ̶ȣ·޻ǵһΡŪԥ
ֵܣ¡ȴһȭ˵ʲô֮ԣֵܵĲԣֵܶһͬǣʲô·ǵҪಫء
·һЦ
ҾҪ̫ѿˣҿŷ


151
¡һ㶡
ԼղõǼҵؼɱһŭ似£׻Լһ׵һλޣܲ˳ɣҲƵԷˡ·ɽҲϣܽһһ»˰ѵѾ
̫ˣֵܣˣʦͽ̹㡣Ҫ֪ԵɽˣҲµһĻǰĹӣ˼ңŲԸ⿴ԼĹӱ˴أ¡Ļһ˿ӡŹĴеڶӵܣ඼ʶоûһˣͬ˵Ѿƽʱ˵ļޣԼŵù͵ˡ
ԷдӲһϯ·ޱѹŵĻҲƲסغһ˵ɽߣһλ۷ôСү͸ȰǸӽѵһĶӣֻһʱҲô취Ҫ˰ɣٲʹȥˣȻԼĳҲʡҷ£һɣʡһһɱ¡
ģʹֱӳΪ񣬴ܷѶ󾢣
¡סˣûˡҲĪҪɱ˵귢㶣Ȼıһ󼱷籩Ц֮

ٺ١
СӰ֪ߵغ񡭡
˭ҵģҰ͹˵ˣսƴˣĻζˡǲûӰ
ɵϡ
·޺߹һ˫һ壬׷ɵľ֮У°Ӱ˲¡ɽǰеĻֱܻˣ׿ķΧڵ¡
¡ŭˣûôʶ̧ٵˣ֪ʲôֱӱˣʡǷ
һڻɽ֮ǰȻһ죬ǿֱ˳⣬ϵһһ׵ɫӵϸ»ƣӳŷܹӣֶˡ
ؽܱ
Ϻɫ״ܲתѹʹһС嶼ڷ裬ֻһ̨ױ֮ϣ¡汾ҲһƬɫ֮Сͬ
һ죬·޴ʱʹõĻܴ֮ǰʦ۷ѾΪһסԷƽֻʱղ֮࣬¾Ҫϼ֣ԱȶԷѹԼе֧ٻٹ񵶣ȻҲǵؼܱȴԵð㣬Ͼˡ
¡˫һ𻯳һױŹ⣬ֱӭ·޵񵶶ϡ
¡¡
̨һζľɢһ̨һˡ
һ֣ʮٴθȻٴײײˣһŻ棬һźһڣһ̨֮࣬Ƿ׷׺ˡ޺ܿɢ˾һľУһԾӣڵײȻϣͿжܲڱ죬Ҳֲ˸ںδֻһŻһһֱذ̫޹⣬䳡ϣʯľмγһߴʮ׵ȦѪڵķӡ
ѾûٳЦǸˣʱգʣʮޣţ
ʱȥ·޽мܳѹϵ׻ԽԽһ첲̧Щ顣ʱ˿̣Ѿս˵¡潫׵ؼн׹չգӳǰȻûŵڳŤܲХֱʮѹס䳡
·һľȥֱ۾𣬶Էֱܲѹеɶ̶һζȥȻһ£ܿ쭶æųһľܣһӭ֮£Ҳסֱɳ⣬ڵϣһһӡ
ͣĹ۾¡棬һϷʵĿʮǸ·飬Ǳ·ޣЦš
װװмＸӺվ
ʵ쳹ȫݣͬ񲻿һ
̨ϣһĿɬȼˣһúõᣬѾȫˡ
·վ¿鲻ʱڵϣϸǱŪýڲӡϢҲЩҡ
ۣͦһսѾȫɵ徭˶ԷĴѪҺڷ͵ľҲޱȵˬĤ޴ᵽľ޴仯Ѿеָ
˺ʲô޳ܵĳ㣬·޶ò̾ռĺô
Ҫһ㣬һֱ·޵Ĵ£ˡ
Ҳȥ׳нӵռ䣬͵ڽ˷ݱգٵòٻˣҲܱסһӶ
·
ʹ·һ¿еļƻأԷһٲõ˱µӣڳ˼⣬·ѾʲôסʵԼʱµĳŵ
ҪŹû˸Ҵǿ߹
һɽһ׻Ƽ壬һά壬һһȱһ·޵֣Ͷ£ļβͶȥ
·һٳΪŹһ壬û˸ҲĿԡ
ԷıԴɽ˺鷳ͬʱһ񾿾Ǹʲôôɵġϰڵ˿ڣһǰĤݣ
ö°һһ
·վǸһЦ⣬ڱΪɵ˵ʱϳһ֧׵ıһֻ֧ʥӵеĴܱȫŴ۾ǰ·Ц޼ɵ
ģشѾģ


152
¡ڿ֧ܱһ̣ĺˡ˵˵ĻȻУԷλ˫ߣһѾﵽĪʥһףôһһȥһλʥ˭ķӣ
վڵأǰЦϣһı飬ͬųһֻϺõĲӬζζ
ͬһµĻλѾЦտɽҪϼ
ȫʮˣʯаǸһʼЦ¿˵СӣΪ仰ڵóӶˣºҪΪ仰޾ĴۣΪ֪λ仰᲻ĳѪۡ
·¡棬һ·Ϸɢܲ¡
·ޡ֮˵
Ӱ⸱Į°ĵУȻǵáȻĿȫǣ⸱ӾҹȻЦ꣬ӡ̫ˡ˵ģô
һö˶˵Ĵˡظ
ף˵ľ롣·޵ĽŲȻһ٣ֹסˡ¡ǰͻȻһ
Ρ
һ˫۾ֱ·ޣ˫ſֻĸסĺ
㶯ڳ
·޲ֱ¡棬ǸүǣͲŮ
룬ôһ˵¡ˡЩԾ˵ͬʱ鸴ӵĿ·ޣȻʶ
򲻹ܣ˵
¡Ϊĳַҿʲô´ҡ
ɵˣ񶼴ˡںһССôȫ
ʲô˵ʲô񰡡
·ѾٵȥˣȻһֻ޴ܱ˲仮ľ롭
һѩ⻯˸ȣÿε¡档
䣬ѩɫױȵĺХȥ
¡һɫܰףһһףһٽҲ֮ʲôеı˲仯˷ܣ·ˣϿƶȫʩΪ£ɫķܣԵúǾǿ
䡭
ܶûһ˿ͬһֻ硣
Ҳߵķݣֱɳʮף̵һڵϡ·ǰҹĿӻþ޴
·ûһԥ²һ㳾ˮ˼£һιεߣһֻغ䣬һξӵػʮ׵ľ롣
ڵ·ޣͿռ䶼⴩жȻСһ㡣
һĵ⣬Ǹ£һ׷һ¡ǰʱѾشʮľ¡ɫҵ·ɣǿ£ڿڣһֻܱԼ˼Ѫ֧һֻ˸ķҲӺ񣬲һη
ֻСʮʥȫһǿ£СÿЦ
˲ѽ¡סһ

ʯļ϶һӰ¡
ѩ壡
ͬ޴˪ͬԵ似ͬʥһܣݺײһ
¡¡޾ܲ
һһɫ¡ǰһЦǰѪôĿġ

һװ·޾һ˳
㣡ʡ
·ޣˣ㣬Źûˣû㵹úܿ˲𡣡Ͽġ
е·޹˼ݱ¶ֱָϵ¡١һжòŶ˵ֻĳ־ͽһСǸһֱע·޵ļ壬¡ڵ¡ϼ壬ʺļ塣
֪˻ʣܲɽǸϲİɣҪŹһ˵ģֻܵǸ̥ҲֻܹԼãǲ֣ҲŹ㡣֮Ҳһˣ·ң¿Ҳֹһˣȥʰɡߡ
һ˵ϵ¡١˦
ճͬѾ֪һܣȥһ׵˽ᡣͬӣѾ׶Էʥһ׵ˮ׼һĽʥ˵Ѳ̫¡οĿûпǸͷ겻ɢĸ棬õĻᣬһٳٲΪСһ
ܲһֻڿӣеˮۿɼۡ
·޵͵͵ĺһͬصĲǣ˲ĺХƿƸ裬ֿĥѣԭǰݵϵλղŵԼ¡ү͡Ǻǣʮ·ߵöʹ
·һɴֱС鼤ϢһɴȻ˺ϣ˺ǶС˯ȻһվѪ۹һ˿ػ£ø͸ɿǴ
޾ʹ·޵ٷǡ
Ѿ׼ֵɫ̴䣬ֽҲ󣬷һһӰӣѾӹ¡үԸٶ˴ԡ
ϰˣµһȣ


153
·һȭӳȭͷͻһֻߴ׵һֻͷѪĴѿװ¼ˡⳤȺֻ̽ͨľ͸û˿¶ȵĹâǶѪһֽݵĿ
ǡֳһݴûйоɣһֱֻֻ⣬ֱѪͻһСߡֶˣһոɵıڣȴﵽסеõˮŽɵġ͸֧бܡ
䡭
ȭͷǰķɺ˲ƿ׵ıڣױȵܲȻǰϡһߴֱӺʮ⣬û
ʱ˿̵·ͷɢ˫ͫ죬屻һ͸ܲǳѪɱ⣬һƿâһǸٶȴﵽµϰˡ
ϰ˵ķǱ˵ģŹеһλܹУԼͬΪһ壬ʱﱧһλһװʮĴӣλʲôʥһɺӳµһλȻļһʹ󳬹Χ
ܳ׺Ѿ˹ȼҴԺϰ˷һιֵɽﱼȥ
·һ·׷
Ľÿһ´أһ죬۵ӲǸӣͬǰߵϰ˽Ȼͬϰ˼㲻մأѵˮӰһǰС
·֪Ϊʲôôǿץסˡ·Ϊܶ죡ǲ·޲Ĳһ㣬ȫŷɺܳš
ȻԼ½õǸмǸûɹҲûʱԡ
ǰһӰһ㣬һȴʯ׷ɣɳ
ûɽߣѾú䤱ϰѾоıܲŻʧ룬ȻȫǶ¡ֻһƬհףָʶһŵˣˡ
ɵľ룬һ㹻ˡ·޵ֳһ˿̣ĻһˮһкĿѾȡȥʱ춯صһ죬ζѲ·޵޳ֱ׸߿գɵľһζȭХһֻͷηɳȭ⣬ֱ˷ϰˡ
˵޴ͷǰü쭵ܲռŤ
ϰ˴һ㾡ȫǰ˳ٶȻһ
һѾȫľˡ
Ȼе·һ㶣ֱֱ䵽ϣͻȻ֮䣬ƥһȭȻ󵽴ϰ˵ʱʧˡ
ģ
ڵϵ·ĿˣʧԼȭͷǰ档տҲһҲʹˡ
ô£ŭʶֻĶ
ʲô취˺мһ˵˵е͹ʹӵʱ䣬ٶͻ˵ˣҿɲɡˣҵͷҳ£˵Ҳȥ
ôأʦҼְʱһ룬ҵĴ˰Ͳټһ¡·ŭա
ҵܣȻܱ֮ǿȻ֮ҲͻӦĴһЩԼãȻҲǣҪܹԼ˺ûɵ˵һ䣬ԵӨ͸СԣĿһϡٲ
ү
·꣬ûһתƵҿײ
֪ԭףһҲ϶֪ɺ˥ղײʦˣںĪ
ƣ·Ѱһεڣһòþϣһïʢ֦ϣϥ뵽ָ֮С
ʱѾ΢¶·޷µأǻعȼҿҲǸ¡үٻȥˡ
ڵȫ˼һ֣ɱ
ɱǸֻŵļˣ
ȼǰҪȥȼǰļδһۣ˭ѽ
·ڻϣ۾âǸһ£ſһƵȳѪƺŨˡ
ǡȻŴ˫ۣͬ˹һ˳ϣ޴ˡǸ־ҪɱˣһʮûеʢѡĿֲꡣ

ſ뺰ʹ˺ô󾢣ûзﰵҡ
·ٲ󲽽ţû˸ͨĸĺ棬ȫһ롣
׵ǰԺǰǰһʮ˵Ľʿʮŵ档
·ҪȥȻһϲĽˣ㡭·ô
·һתһ޼ɵӲŴ߹ϴʱ˿Щף۾ġ
Ŷ·޵ͷ
ˡ첽ڻĹЦá
ǵ·һãһȳһ࣬ϵҩҲΪҹս⸱ݣһлҲ֮Աǡ
ôУЦӭ˵Ĺһ͵ı顣ù֮ѾſڸĻԺǴ۽硣ڡ
ңǸ¡Ļ𣿡·޵ϿЩʲô鹦ϵı㡣
ô֮죬ΣûӹһٵġСֱɱ·ѹסȫˡ
ҪˣҾͲˡ·˵꣬Ͳϴ̨ףʮûҪ˼ˣʮСȥ·ңһСͬʮŻӲһĹϵһתȥͨ


154
ʱһԺ˵ʮˣ˳һƣʮŵܡ·ޣһ֮£ǿϳ˵·ޣ
ǡ·ǰ΢΢һ򻹺ãл·ҴʱԮ֣л¡
ãңҲˡ·֣ͬ¡û°ɣʮŵüͷһ壬ЩǵĿ֮£¡ĵѴѣɳƵ漣ˡ
ţҾǻû𣿡·޲ĵĿѰȥһηηȥȴѲɽˣֻⱲҲλɷүүɽھͺá·޼Ȼ֪ĻˣҲͲΪˣɽ˵ǿп޵£һڣһҪȥģŹһ֣Դɽ֮УͲС
һ仰һԺӵ˶ǳһʮŵܴˣɱͬһƳʼҵϣο¡ǶȼҾȫһҲû˼һ֧˶ࡣ
ڹȼңȼҾ͵˼Ҵɡ
¡棬ڶδļһŹϵŶͯʮޣŹԵĸֻ֡û뵽һճСӲѹ˺üͷ
û£ʮŵܵ϶ʱ࣬ǰ׽ס·޵֣˵·磬ΣֵܶҪʹϼ¹˵ɷ˵
·нҲ޷һƣڱڰ˴µĺ£ƴǣûˣˡ
ʮŵܲһȳϲ·޼ˣϳ鴤һǿ֧ŵӣ̧£ȷʵ̫ƻڨڨĳ˵ɷһϴ֮أһɾ·
仰Ĺ٣æȥ׼
·ˣãϴһ£ٳʱѾ֮ݵóסΪһһֱڵı֮Ѿ֣ϻָ˺⣬ͷҲ΢ڣ۾һλص֮ɫھԡ򵥵ͷһɫ乫ѡ꣬Ƶ˲ɵò̾һøɣ
һֱڽĹֱ֮ҡһŮķȫҲ޷Ŀƶ
һζֻˣ꣬һλ˳ȥ
·޶ˣҲһζһٿɨǶҲżɴĿһĶԵ߰˰ˡ
·ֱԵ㷹ͣ꣬һۼûӵĶˣ·ЦҶˣ͵¼Ц
ʮŵһЦ˵ԶΪ·ѾǹŹ˲ˣСڵ£Ҳ÷ˣ˵¡
·һЦ˵£˵Ҫ·ңΪŹһңʱûãھʹӦ㣬ƽһ¹Ź£·ҿ϶аϸ𣬲Ȼ˻ϼס
ʮŵܻЦڼֻҵ£Ѿʹ·˵֮á˾ٱһЦ
ݹŹغϰ˵Ĵ£һЦжᡣ
ɷˣֻڵʱϡȻһʧѲ˸ϵһʱձ¡
һۣʮŵЦȼΪҵұ۰ɣʲôҪһ֪ͨģȼҲڶţܳ·ľţֻһϴˡ
ȼͷ
Ҳൢ飬һ£·޷бӣһЦһ˵°Сȸˡ
벻˵߾ߣ֮һվ˵ʲôѴǰȥˡ
ٿһ£ڷ⣬ټֻǰһѾ˹ȼңһ·򶼳ǣƽԭǸȥ
һҵ·ҵĲҵµĴŸ˵һаãҪһƥЩ·һ·򾩳Ǹȥ
ȼȻǸС壬Ź֪˾Բ֪·ҵ٣ԭΪ˸ųµһĴŮȼҵᵱȻҲͳ˽ͷβڱĻ⡣Ǻҹ֮䣬·޵ĴŹĸ䡣
Ϣͨʿ͸¶·ǸţƵ

־˼˯ţ
ʱ˯ŵľƽԭǳһԺһͷ
¡ߡ¡ҵʮΰֺг˿˼ߣСҲзЩɣзߣΰˣţˡ
С־ʹԼõĶ˯Ź˲õŮˡÿ˲Сֻһ˶ҲݵŮˡ
ò׳˱ŮʮϻϣĪλӣ̶ʺòⲡҲǴ¡˽еģҲǵȻʺ֮λеĻûӲ졣
̫֮λһʱⱾ¡ߵһĲĸ󽫣һֱڹκܹܵʧǵĶӻףĺҪͷˡ
¡һѪûΪ̾һ·ӻеһ죬һʱϹ淽͵ҩֱȷǸ֮һݡ¡浹мԣСˮˮȥϹ淽¡ɶˣС¡ɾԶһͬˡ
ֱ·޽Ϊֹ


155
¡ôһСûݹǿĶӣĸ޳ִһӵĹ¡
Ҳעϴߵһ˶ա
·Ǹתһֱ߶ŵһ仰
ڡ¡λҴϣһΪﵽʦ۷һ׵ߡüһáһҹĽǰһĶΣǸͷԷȵСšΣʷǿ壬׻Ƽ壬ά壬ص֯ɽĻʼһЩ֡
޸
շ˴ԣݱɵ󣬾ͲڳʮСµĺԺɰ˰ʮλʦһʮλޣǧ߹ͬɡ
ֻҪγ棬׽Уʱ͵Լš
ƻúϸһЩϸ΢Լ˵˵ǣڲ߼Ļܴᣬүֱһһҹֻǻûʵʩ⣬Ѿһλɫصꡣ
黵͸ˣΪһ¡ǿͨʮʶһΪض΢Сʹ·޿ʼļﲢȷһ㣬ֱһ磬󣬾Ȼͷʹѣʧɫ
ԴûвҲܵʲôʹأ
ϳʶ
ʹһѣΣʶĴ򿪾Ȼʹ࣬Ǵûе¡
ķ־վ꣬ɬᡣ
ʶѾܵԣһĵЦʶаĵ
ô⾹Ȼʶʶ֮ĶԻԼԼ˵Ĺ¾ͷϡ
˺һЦ˵ǸûбޣҪ塣
ԵĲ·޵ǧë׶˿
ʲô˼Ū׷ʲô֮Ӧ
˵һܸһĻᡣ˺ЦȻ˵
ıûУֿô
ǰֻҪɾۡһˣҲûʲô˲ġ赭д˵
ʲô·𡣡ۣǸʲô𣿡
Ҳûʲôڣ۷ͿһͳԴ½ӶɾۡʷѾǵһˣһλأֻҪɾۣ˼ҴһӣҸֻǾ֮Ͷѡ
·һ˵ҪܳɾۣѾˣ˰Σ̲סʵǸۣܳһλ
Ŷ⵹ǳ㣬һλǰ˰ǰˣλ˵˵һǰ£Ҳˡڶλϣۣ˵˿һǰڻţǵӦǧ֮⡣ɺ˵
·һ˵ԼʮǧңԶ
·һֱڵһָоһʱռϷ硣ܾ֮·ʵһֱֻǸʥôܳʣмļޣ
ǿɲУǺǡ
ʲô˼
Ǻǣ˸ˣֻʱ䣬ɾۣҪǻǸʲôһСߺ͹ˣǺǣҺɣȸһռ壬ǲǺΪʲôΪʱʶҲ򲻿ˣܣǺǡ
Ҳ˵Ͼֻ㣬ûһ·ˡ
ǰ濪ġ
Ҳ裡
Ǻǣɣһ
Ҳȫң
·ʧǵվ¡Ҵǰʱ¡ҵǼ
·޴ʱŲףֹҲǿݣмλ·ĻŮͣפ㿴һ˵ʹ籡
Ǽδ󺺣ƽˣû뵽һʮҡڵվ¡ңŹĵĴǰƿڴһʱ֮䣬ûзӦǷӦ·Ѿߵǰ
Ϊʲô¡ҿ·޺ܲʡɭȻһƬâڸߴף׵ǰһû
޳ӰûͣһصʬϿԺȥ
ǺңûһˣȫĻǵĺҡ
·޵һ纮һöҶǡߵúһɳʯ䣬粨һ㡣
ʮһɱˣǧﲻУйΡ
·ǸˣһĶ㡣һɱʮˣ⼸·Ҳ֪ҪɱˡֻǲϵĻﵽʥһ׵ıܵûǰվʱ롣
¡ĴУԺ߾Ͳˡ
ԴӵһҵĽԺϿգÿ춼Ҫʮʱߣһеļ鶼ˡ
һֱҵһɱ˵ɣˣһţ뷨ˣͲӿǰԺ̣뵽Ժ֮С
ʲôˣ
һҸҪɢȥλϣһλһλү˸һѪļҶվǰʱһ¾ˣһ䡣
ʮ꣬һҲ·һѱܵҶ˵˵ļص㡣
һɫ¡棬ĵ˵ͷ·ޡ


156
治Ը֣쵶⣬̤ʮ׵ľ룬ţ˵ĽʮϣƬʲôҲǣ׼̤
졭¡ҲһܴţζʲôҴʱ˿̣عڻʺߡԼĴ۷壬һʮ¡棬ڱչء
үÿȥѾ˼ˡҶƲסĶ
ãͬȥҾͲţ˸޻¡޼ɵɱˣ¡ߴһ̣һѪһЩϣһ˿⡣
˸¡֣˺ԺǰԺк֮Ѿ˺ѷΣԺӵףһѪͫʣڵϣûѾﵽ֮ڡ
ǸһȻɱ񣬻һһǰţһڵһƬѪꡣ
㱨𡭡
ˡ
ɱ
ɱ
ǧԶĴԺ·ѾߵԺУ񱩵Ժڡ
أһϵ쳹ԺǺˣ˽ң
ϰΪҴ籨𰡡һ˺ޡ
һɫӰԺӵϿա
һӰǧѹԺе·ޡǸԵ۷塣һȷ˵Ϊ·޾ͷɿеһ˵ĿյϾ٣ѹһ·ڻɫܲҫϵܲȴǹâʢֻһһ֮䣬һ켶ͽ׵ķܹܶΣ졭
似һųİ˸˾ͽһͣ˲ӡ
Ժܶ似һﵽ˷ԲףƿһеĽеλ¡֡¡档
ϵһؼĳףܶȫûע⵽ԷܲﵽһһۿǸ꣬ˡ¡ˣԥʲôֵֻܽľʩų
¡ˣܿ似һչĻҲǲࡣ
ʱ˿̿¾Ҫ㿴ˣΪԭһοʹ似ˡ
䡭
׵İգܲƷɣ˷
ۣ
һѪӴϵȻһ٣׹
Ųŵ۾˵ʥôСʥ
ûŵ棬·޵ĵ׵Ŀռ䡣һƬѪ꣬ͷ䡣
С
һ۷ųһ棬ͽˡ
е˷Ժģܣֻ߼߽ףؼĹһԺĵǸˡ
뵽սŵļ¡ߣȴסˡһͷȻĿһûɫ۾ֱֱԺģ汻־ռˡ
ʲô¡ŭһӵϣɱ
ڻǸʥǿӰɣˡ
ʲô˵ʲô¡ûٻͷʱһ˶˵⻰˼
޵ܲԺĴڣ޾ݡʥʣǣһһȻϣһĨ̵ЦܲѾΧˣܲûκ似ʩչûκη֧£ƴһ似ƾʧˡʧڴϲܲ

·ֻһ
ʮ׵ܲɨ¡ҵĴԺȻͷԾգ˲ʧԺһ̣Ѿڴϡһ̣ʮ⿴һӰ
ˣĸʦ۷壬ޣûһ⣬һͬʱһٶˣͬʱɥ
һ·õȻǷɺðײã룬ҲüΣͻһЩ
յ·޻һᣬɱôˣǺֵǲԭ⣬ֻ·ңԼɾһӵҵûҪߵԴɽȥû뵽Ҫɱˡ
һһ·Ϊ񣬳ΪۣȻ͵øԼ
ֻһ·ˣ㵽Դɽȥɺ鷳
·롣䵽һԺڣܷžʱ̣߽ҵһһǻҳĽ
ߵһţԺĴһһĴӡӵԲܣԿΪģ˸ѪԲ
˰ΣԺӵ¡߸Ӳ¡ҵľӢѾֻʣˡ
ô죿
ûİ취ɡ¡˵꣬¡
괫еļҵͱһûɾСӸɨˡ
ҸѰ·ɣġ˵Ļʱһ壬ɢˡ
·ûע⣬ĵطһԹţĴԺ䡣
󻮹Ժʱֻһ·Ӱע⵽ˡԵ⴦ҳܺĽĬĬʱиӰĿ
ֱһɢŷͬܰݵǰʱһ
̫ˡȻѾˣʶڣȻ˵ߣǶôʧ󰡡


157
һ·һ̧ۣһʮһλŮӡ˵ʮ꣬Ϊ·޵ĽǶȿȥġԼҪһЩֿʵŮӡúһ˫ÿϸ۾Ŀ
˭ôܵҵ¥ˣ
˭·޾˵ڿ˵޸֮ԷǸһ׵ģҲȡǶÿռĸá
ӵˡͦµĶʱ·أԴŲᣬ˰ɫ˵Ѫաкӿޱӣɲÿ
ӯӯһЦغþ·޵裬·һֱɲǣԼʶŵ󣬻̽һԷһϢ
̫쳣ˣԼһѪģȻһı飬ûһ˿ı䶯ƺһλŮӸеķӦ
·תͷط
ǴӿŵĴӽġһңڴǰһ໨ƿϲ֦÷÷ȻѾµƮڣģ¶Ŀһ߾һŵܡ
·ֻһϵһ飬ľһˡ
һ߼н似
似·ͷؼ鷿ӵи߼ŵ鷿Լˡ
𣿶ûʲôӡ󰡡Ůӳ˼
·һ׹ԭﲻʲôĲңԺԺ鷿
ﲻԺɣΪ֤ʵһ£·Сʵ
ǰǣھŮԺŮӵͷ˵
·޺ͳˣû뵽Լġ
ãѧˣҽ·ޣġ·޼һЦѿ֡
Ŷ·ޡŮѧ㣬ֳһĨߺ죬漴ϸԺѰҹغ·ֵϢ
죬Ҳûֵĳҡҡͷ˵ûˣ㲻ԺģңҿĲܣԺҲв벻࣬ôԺﻹûء㵹˭
Ժѧ·޷ӦԺԼͰȫˣûܵΪ
Ȼۣ¶
Ůһ㶣һ죬ȴҲû
·ްѺ¶ȫû뵽ԼþĻǸĻıǵӰӡ
˰쾢·̾˿ĿλŮӡ
ԭиСı־Դ￤Ժӡҵģ˵µԺϵ־Ͳˡ·ָ˵ƽʣйʲô
ŮһЦ·޸ѿ
ŮһȻһֻ޹ǵСıϡ
һ崥弫·һ졣ȻûټӣһԼŮӵ渧һ
һᡣһº͵͸롣
·޻ͷֻ£һֻĻѾǶ
ŮջС֣˻һЦ֪أǺӡţ㻹ܵѧ֪Ƽʦ˭
·ҲǸƼͷ͵ˣʱһɴӡ
һǸг٣ӦˡѧôǸϵòͷ
١Ůһ£Ȼ۾һţһָָֻ·޽еŶ֪ˣǸˣǸƼѧԺѧ·ǰɣֲþЩ졣ԭ㡣
·޵ͷܱͬĸˣ벻ɨˡԶԣҾǡˣû뵽ѧԺܼǵҡ
ǣǽһƸ¼мԺˣ⣬мԺﲻ˵ſǺأ뿴ʵҲм١ܵõƸ¼룬ʮǵڶ
˭ǵһأ·޺Ĵ
¡棡ԺʱһλʦˣֱӽмԺûڵͼԺһ졣ŮЦš
Ŷ·һһ㾢ҲûˣҪԼͼĻҲˬ
ʶǼ𣿡
·޵ͷ
Ȼһ£ʵѧ㣬Ϊʲôҵʶоأ
ŮһЦأ
·һ㶣Ȼʶ̸Ӧ˴ϴϢ֮ǰûеġ
ʶʲô֣ʵѧ㣬Լʶһʲô
ŮֵǱݵ
·޿˰죬ûʲô֮
ûӴֹɣרǵʶġܣǿǵʶǿ󵽿ԼʶܹܿأȻǿƱ˵ʶñ˸ӦԼپǿƱ˵ģޣЦҪ£ʱʶ˲ը٣Ӷɱ֡޵Ŀҵû˵ô
渵һƺûʲôرġ·޶Уͬ׹һʱϲƱϱò
ʶɱˣ𣿡ʳһ仰Ҳǲˡ
ŮһĿǰȻʲô
·ͬҰһ㣬ƽһȻſֱۣһѱסλŮӣһףе찡ҵŮˣܻ˰


158
ŮӴ󾪣һļһһǿҵϢҡһʱûѣһƺЩˣüҲܹˡŮͨ죬ûҲֱţӿһ˿оʮȥˣ·£Լ綼˱кӱʲôоˣҲʶĺô
һƳһʱŮ·ޣ𣿡
ظԵ·ŷЩףڨڨ뿪ճ󣬾Ȼɦɦͷ
ѧ㣬ʲô֣ԺҾ͸ѧʶĹɡ
кӣŮӲһЦ
Ǹӡðɣ롣
ѧ㣬ʣ˵˵ʶ׹ȥô
ʶŮһ㶣۾·ϣ·޻һ𣬸оֱԼȥˣָоǿңȻһУ󵨣СӸҿң
Ůӻɫ˲԰ס˫Ŀ΢ϣ˺һᣬſٿ·޵ѾüĲ˼顣
ʶ˭ôˡ
㻹·ǰһסΪҡҡ׹ˡ˵λ񰡣ʶûͦ˲ˡ
Ŀԣһߣš
þȻĻȡʶģʱû㣬ֻʣһˡ
ܾô·޽ֱ΢΢Ĳ¶ۼĵͷ
ϲе·޽סֽϲɷ˵һ¡
һûأֱ׵ģѧѽ·޳üкӵĻŮӹͷҲЩᡣ˵ģһĨֱߴŵĺ÷
ʤա
ԭŮӱзζ·
ʱſڴȻһȺˣһ۾ͿλˣߴߴϾʧˣһŲӵŴۣ𾪵̩ͬɽǰ
ѧԺһ󾪱ţƽʱ֮صѧྐྵȻҲôҰһ档
һʧӷֽУģѧຮˮʦȻͬѧӵǰ
ֱԺš
ٿطֿ϶ЩΡ
ʲôĿôʰ㣡Ů߳ŭ
һ·ҲǱſڡײ½ѧ졣
һſھһȣȴֻݲһͨڴһλԺеĳϡһͷ׷һľɡ
ںˮͷҲû̧һ£·ȴסˡ
ˣ
Щŭ˵ŵĿôȥģ
Ҳˣ·˵ţһĻͼΣϧԲˮǰһһͼԡ
˻ҡͷϵϢ̫أǱѧԺģû
ˮŭ㿴ңǲǱѧԺģҪǣǣģ֡
̾н΢΢Ƿ˵ҪˣʱͿȷʵûȥ
ˮٲ·޹ȥֱԺҡ
Сͷ˺һӣЩ꣬ѧԺû֪д룬ֻܽ˵һ㣬Ϊߵ޷󼰵ĵز
һ󡣺ˮȻʵϿҸʲô
·˵ԭλѧģǲǺ𣿿ôѧ㡣
ǺǣˮһЦһ;Сһ󣬽Ժˮ˴һǰеһ¡
ӦһһʮĳСꡣ

λѧԱһԺȻҡ
ֶ·˵ͬȥɡ˵תˡ
ģ˱ˣе㱳ѧܸ
ȥ·ҪСѧһѧһлᣬСһǺװһϴġ
ûʲôҽ·ޡ
·ޡվסֺ졭
Ŷ¼õ¼¼Ϣݣ¼ݡ·뵽ǸȫµĵطҲá
Ŷ㲻ǴԴ￤İɣʡ
ǰǴ￼ġ·޵ͷ
ȻЦԽЦԽңֱᶼЦˣû뵽Ǹͷģһˣڻڹ˼
˵һгٵͷô·޴󾪡
ǰô֡˵ǴͼԺĵǰѧһ¹ȥëҲûУԺһŭ˵˼ˣ죬ͳشԭˡ
·һ뵽Ǹϲض³ȴҵͷΡ
ôܿ
㻹ǿ㱨ȥɣԺ֪ôˣȻˡ
ǿߡ·޼ӿ˽Ųȴ̿Цͷ˻Ƕ
ԺԺ·޾ﻻһ·ˮķǰԺϴȻԺСǣԺš˸ԺѧࡣһλȻʦһʮλ˵һλѧʮʦÿʦʮʮӣмԺѧԱ߰ѧꡣ
ԺӴ·ѧԱ˭˵ˣһΧۡ
ԭѧܣͦţô
ˮһµ·ޣ·ЩһͲǶƵġ
·޵˱ҡ
ûˣһ󣬲Ŵһذ칫ء
ǸѧԱǸʮĴ󲽣һ쵽·ϡ
·޵ͷҽ¼ݣ˵дֽϡ
ţǸͷһǲԴ￤ֶѽֹͷ˿һˣøϽųⲻǳԺЦ𣡡


159
ºܿɡˮֽһڣｫҪвԣ˵Լеģò㡣ųͷҲŵ֮
·һô£ͳ۾ˡڴʱտҰò⣬һˣͼԺҲˡ
ԵĻû·޸æĿģĬϢ޸ܡ
һᣬһϵòѧ࣬λѧԱ̧ŲԾ
һϾһ顣ʱŵĴڣܴﵽ·Ļ治
ںòѧʾ⺮ˮ·ޡ·Ѿ֪ˣǻûָɣǲ˳ˮʶȥһֻС֣Ӳ˳ָоأΪ;϶ܵˡ
·ֻվ𣬿ߵˣ˵ſϷ
ţѧ¡٣һôһˡ
ʼɣ¼ݡͷ
ߵԾǰ·ַ̧ȥȫܵȫȥ
ʵﵽмԺı׼ֻ̣Ҫʮ֮ǰﵽ۷ͿɡȫŹʮˣʮﵽ׼ȫ۵Ҳ˵һǧˡʱ˿·Ե򣬴ﲻ۷壬ǵ㲻ġ
ͼһö壬ٵ͵ģòϡ
ܾͬ·ƴȫͻǹһ㷴ӦûС
ʱš
ˣɫ
̵ġ
·޻ع˵ҵùС
ˮһı飬ڲ޵ıӵϢĽңССĹ򻹲Сô
ô£
ҵЪᡭ·˵
УһΣǻУԶ뿪ɡǸͷޱ˵
ǲӦ÷£Դ￤ԺˮƽҲ̫һˣѧ͵мԺΪʲôطһ˵
̵ġ·һߵǰִ棬Ȼӿ

ȻȻһҫ۵ɫâ漴ˣ·ôŬҲϢ
һĺȻ
ϹⰡ
ֲȴﵽ˶Ǹɶõİ
ǡ
ֻһ£Ǿ˵һܾҾǿȻȻﵽĳ̶ȡȡˮֻϸͬˮö࣬ﵽƿһ֣һɡѧԱֻǸûﵽ۷ߡ߰˽ף
վŵĳѧԱ⣬ǴмңĲҲ֪жˡ֪̾ѧԱʵǿ鱦
ţе㲻߰˽ס
ͷ˵⻰ԱѧԱƲ¡
ǽʱɶʵʵ۷塣СΪжţأû뵽ֻǸ߰˼ңιеʸûСٿ·޵Ŀ⣬ʣ³ıӡ
ţе㲻񣬲յҵ£Ժܲͻơһһֱûôͷ˵
⻰һ˵ѧԱͷײǽĳ嶯
ѧѧԱǾƷҲ١
ͷѧԱֻѧԺ޹ϵĻʦһġ
ͷԴ˰ɣ
һλͷĻǸˡ
ʦ磬ѧԱķۣȴһеĻҲʧһС˵
ҾҪһˡ
Ҹ㻻ʮмʦˡСӲ߰˽ס
УҪ
õĲܶɣ»ؾҴ
Уʦ֣˵㡣
ʦҲѹǰɣ˵һ߰˽׵һֱʦյģһʲôʱˡ
ڸĵģСҪ
Ҫ
ѧԱһû˯ãڶΰˡ
߰ʮͷӣ첱Ӵֵһ·ѧ޹ǣûʵ˵
ι¼ݣ˭У֮һһͰ˵ԺЩСѧԱǰҲҳ
˵ˣ·޵Ҳҿ϶Լ
ǰЦѡһΪеĵʦǶѧ࣬ѧԱܻѧ£ǿ¡кܶѧԱòĺôףͷĽ͡
Ǻð·˵Լѡ𣿡
ǲܵģȥҲãͿĸб¾ͺáһһׯص˵ȻԣҪʤһ
ãҾѡ·һָָͷǸһֱĺˮ
̾ûˡ
̵ʶʲôϢ˲ĵ˵
ˮӯӯһЦǰ·޵һֻ֣λʦ˵Сþˣ˵Ҫʶʹȥá
ԭѾˣͷֻķŭ
öӰϵǮࡣ·޲ŷ⡣Ǯû٣뵽ƽԭǣ·ҵĲҵȥȡû뵽ûݲǸʱ䡣ĽԺˡ
࣬ǧˮ˵㽻ˡ˵


160 
ɲΪһͨ˼һõóǧĿȷʵպһʣеĻֵǣ·ޣԵ̬˳ȥ
·ʵˡ治һ߰˽ףƵģΪʲôءԼóʥ֪ܳǻ᲻ȥġ
ȴﵽٷ֮٣һ߰˽׵ܵ۷Ĳ˲ľŵԴɽȥҲǾ޽е֮ţܽѧһЩʦ롣
ܳŰ
𵽱ͷʼ˵
ѧɫ죬ΪԼǴˮ£
һŶŮģ·һеġ
ðʣ£϶Ǻˮʦܣ·ֻβƵںš
ۿһţСһŻͷ­ʱ·޺ΪԼĳٵˡ
٣һӵѵ飬֫¡
ҪһԴôϹֺõЦСĵʵĹ龩ǵѾȻ޴棬ֻƽƽĻصĹȥٲȥЩƮˡ
ʦ·ް·ǰס˵˵ˣԺ
ͷһû׹׹󣬿ϸǰ˺󣬾һ춯صĿ񺿡
һ˾ĺӻί
ڷй̧꣬յѾһˣϷ·ϵʮ޿
·޵סҪһѧԺҲǺеġΪںˮʦһңλƵŮռˣһλӣ·Ҳѡ˯档һʵСʦܣһ֮ģĿ˸˸ʮָ󶯣оΪ֮Ȼ֮
ʮ˫۾Աһ⣺̫ˡ
·޵ķ䣬ںˮķࡣ·޽ݵĵһ£ȷϴλãȻԼ档
˯賿ѹ·ޣڲ֪ѪУѾȻָһ롣˫ϥ̺ã뵽ϢСֱˣŴӹ˳һԾ´оھ˵ĳǿÿһεĴսܴΪϵĴ͸֧Ҳһзʽ
ʶȻЩʹɺžѵѪ۾
вͨġȻ˵ɱҵĵزΪûôʱӦ֪ʱҲҪõĻµͱ˷ˣרһгΪ۵ϣ
ܳΪۡҲ޹أΪҲ㵽һ졣·˵͹ʶȥˡ
СӻݡʶɺĵЦ⣬˵
·ûȥҺˮʦԺĺǽһԾ
ǣ¡ҵĴǰһµ·
һ壬¡ңйŹһ׻ңסڶǣʮĶԲ׻ƼҵĲҵԺ䡣ڽǻʳǵȡ׻ƼҵļұҲ൱ڻİ
ȶԣ֮¡ҹģϾͬһȼ
ԺҲĶϡ
ʱ˿̣ŵ¡ңͬصһģһˡһҹ֮䣬һŹĵĴ壬ûˡɢˣ
·ֱ˽ȥڣƿʱͻأ̶ܴһʱžǸǧ׵ĴԺϵѪȻڣɺɫĵطȻһϵĻ
·ߡȫ
¡أʡ
̧ͷһۣǸͷۻ軨ĵϳֻǺƽһ
ˣԺֵլˣҪɱˣҲֻ⼸֮ˣҪǲ߰ɡ˵Ļ
·һᣬϷչܣĴתһȦȻһӦüʲڣ¡˴æߵĶЩƱ
ûһٳ·ܲ꣬˵һٽԼɱˣ¡ҾͲнĲһ
Ȼأ·Ȼǽ롣
صԼ䣬ǰСһּ㣬һǳŮ֡
дţֵעˮ
ԺӦûӵϳԼ·ҿҩ࣬ĨһھֲϣһЩı䣬ŴţȥǸ֮
ʮ·ޣмԺڣѧҪʮıȱȽǡͬͬĲŶʮˣѵܹ
ˣ·һų¥֮ǰһŽԺĴൽÿһһ佲ңһʮ䡣һͷַСǵĽײġǸѧĸң²ǸʦĽϰ֮
ҵϱŸ֣·£º͵˵ſŽ롣
ڣʮţ˰˸ŮŸ꣬ʮ߰˵ӣһӣΪǸŮӣǰߵ϶ĵʦˮˮ
·޵òһЩ仯֮ǰҪһЩһӴҵ۹֮оͿó
ˮͷȥǰһϡ
ûȥˣҲûж˵ʲôˮŶԵڶŵһСұŮֽؾı־
ʶﵽʮ֮⣬ɲٿضԷľ֪̽Էĸ֪õʶﵽǧһʿ֡
ˮƽƽһֱʮؾйصص㣬һ֣һλȵĽٵŮվ𣬴ʵʦ⼸Ӳĵǲǵذ
Ŷʶÿһε鷳޸ɣ͵ɰɡˮһۣȰĸڱŭ
·ѿһЦ
ŭЦʲô㶮ʲôѽ
·޿һ˵֪Ҫˡ
ǰĹأȥҹεķȥˣ֪ģʲô㶼û취ֹĵĿ·ޣһֻСַϣĦ
·޵ʱʧǣͬѽ٣Ůһ࣬Цֱ
ˮҲֹֻ΢΢·һۡ
·룬дˣĻ
ˣ˵˵໶⡣ˮһ;˵Ŀ䵽˺һϡ


161 
һĶݡ໶Ҳûа㻶˼΢˫üˮģжٹ¡
໶㲻ҪרһĽˣһЩϵĹ繥֣ܲ뺮ĽĹ·
·һ㶣벻ʶҲ似ֳϵ
ǲĽԽ룬ͱһˣ·֪̬
ৡ
һڣһ⻮·޵ʶ
·޴һشӵվӿһ浶ڵ¶һڿյͷġ
λʮ߰໶ʵĸһĽʶʶս·⧲ͷСĽâһûԺƬ̵Ļ磬ʧȥʶ֮·ڼأƬ̳ɱĴʹ絶ʡ
ıֹ̬
·޿һܵǰڶֻ֣ܵһԥͷкһƬõĪ˲һ֮ϣƵᣬߺܴ󿪣һʱֻؼǳŭһɨգµµСٲͷ
·һ㶣һתͷˮһϲֲĿ
һǸʶ似
·ٿջܵصԼϡҲǸ໶
໶ܾСΪԼʶСѧɥʧжû뵽Էʶǿ˵زȻ̩ȻԼһһػ̾Ҫӵ
ԼֻܵǸʦһףֻʮСѧȴȻóһ֧һףڶռܽһףܵ
һ޺ǡ
໶һ̵ĺͣͣǺˮԮ֣Ѿܼû˿ԥİܵȥ³Զ׼
һ˼ĵʦ·˵ʦǲĽԽ룬ͱһˣ
һĻû˴ϡ
ˮͷ˵Ŀβϣžˣٷʡ
һ£·޾Ĳٳ
ʱϣһλʮĳ༫ʵһλŮվߵ·ǰׯ˵СѧܣʦˡѾһλˣǳ˲ˮʦս뿴ܴﵽ׵ʶߣܴܲùһλߡ
ܹĳ·΢΢̬ǫ񣬿һ˿ľݰȻֻعʦʾ¡
ˮȤĿ·ޡ˵һºɡ
Ȼ·ޣ֪׵ʲô̶𣿡
·޵ͷܺ档
һЦˮڿ
·Ѿԭɫ
ʱΪһʱ·ȫ˵ЩʲôȻǿԼӲЩԼΪõĶ
¿κѧӿ໶⣬˶Χ·ߣһЩ·޺ε⡣
㼸ˣϱ𣿡
ô˵㻹ֻǸ߰˽أѧǶϹ𣿡
㻹иһģν
ѧаһ£߶²ءܱакûأͻƣ㿴ǣѧһ˵ף˵׵ͬԺѧӮˣͻƵһףǰ˲һ㡣Ǿ͸ˡ
ССأǵСѧܣҪˣ͵ѧܸǽƣ
Ůôɫ
һߣϰó档
ˮľһ֣ŵͬһɽˮ֮䡣һϸװʯڶǽţһ˶ߣͦΡ
Щϸ鴹µĵɫΧסˡ
ҵĴϣһɫˮīɽɫԶĻ棬Եòմ׳
źˮ󣬾µóһݵС
ͷһǱ߼߽׹
ֹ֣·ʶˣһ£ʶܵĳһؼ似Ҫǿᡣ˺һᣬ·޲һֱĵĿĺˮ濪üͷ
Ȼһǿ˵Ȿҵ򿪵ʱһ죬ܶⱾͶˡ
ⲻһ߼ôʲôر֮·޺ʡ
ر֮ԵģЩǴȻĶѡ似Ϳö࣬ѡϸ˵⣬ٸһġˮ˵Ҫš
·޼æһûأȽ̹˵ʲôҲʲôܵҲ֪
ÿⲿܸһЩĶܵͬ޹ܵһģ㿴ˮ˵ţһΣ·ֻʶܵһ󲨼Ͼͳһѳһ׵ɭȻܽμһ׶ĲȻһѵؽ׵ܱҲһλ۷
ֻǸޣǵܲһսʱͬʱĲǶԷ壬ʶҲÿܵڣͬǵĵƣֻλǵľͷµһطԼҲܸӦһ򿪵ľǱΪֻʶĵطʵǵĵһ˵Ĵû˻ΪݲµĴСǵĵڸӦܴﵽ޴Ҳͬǵʶһǰ޾ܷŽȥͻһǿġˣŪⱾһʱϣŪ
˵ţˮһγţְ󣬻Ҫȥٳţֻͷ˵ҴһʱһЦӰΣ˷š
·޳ƽ˺ŴʶǴС׾ǿģͳϰߡ
һʶԼʶԭԼĺԡ
ֻ˲ٸֵĴ٣·޾𾪵Ŵ۾


162 ּ
ģϢ
ܸ٣һǣκԶ˹ɻммǣǸ߼似һͼԸӵ͹ÿһһммǣ
ԼϢϵٰܸʲôϢ
·ЩͿˣͬʱݹŵһԱ·ͬ⣬ⱾȻͬ˫ݱ־Ϣơȶԣ·ȷ¡ԭȻһ飬ֻǺΪķֳ˵ʶҲϢһ֡·ԽԽϲ֮ǰһЩɬѶĵطȻʣһǳɵĹͨ߼ϢһȫȻŪͨˣͬС뺣·ǰһ嫵硣ѾУֻҪһֱȥ˰Ԥõ·޵ľϲԱٿѾװףʣµֻʱ츳ڷܿ๦
ǳͬһλǰ֣֮·޵һ뵽Ҫ֪ⱾĴ˭
һѰңϢм䴦Ϣ߼̬󣬼䣺ϣ״ﵽһ磬ʱԺ󣬰Ƶۣ
ϣ۰
ϢȻǰ˰ǰϣ
·ЩסԸէõϢһӲٴν빦ϰСεĹֻһŪͨˣȻһֱϢֻ̬һ仰˺һܣ
ܺ绽ɣпհɣܷݵذɣΪΪɣܶ˶Ѱɣ𻯳ɰɣܰɽϺɡ
йһ̣
ȵˮŶʱ·ڴǰĿԶ쿴ȥǸǸԴɽڡ
ûлͷ·˵ʦԸҴԴɽ
Ļû˻Ϊֻ˵һңɼ¡
͸޾ɫo޳ϡһ̣ˮ·ֱһ̵Ĵ͡
Сһǿû߰
ˮ롣
ҹȻɫ۵·ڵȵһСĵӰߡ
һɫ·ͬϵĻѩʹӰȥЩģ˼Сģڴǰˡһƫ˸ǽ·ûнȥֻڽֱߵֱҹ·ŴһһȻһ塣
ܿ죬ִһ̽ͷһţŷǽڽϣȻĴһ£Ȼ򶫳ǱȥгףһȫƧСһ˻ϡһһ磬쭹ǵĹٵ
ѩ
ǡ
׻Ƽصأÿ׾һ׻ƼҵʮСӣ׶
һ·쭣֮Ƕ˵һͷͣ
׻ƼҴԺһݣƽ·˲ƫͷһۣǽߣڣһһ仧òҪǽػ϶ֱӽ룬ʧźžȥȻһ˷״̬źмֻӰ۾һĶſڴ
֮һһǣˡһãֻ˼ˣԺһŵƹ⣬ǰ£һᣬʵ˭棿
˵˵
ɡ
Ŷ롣
ھ˾٣һ˽ʮλĻ˶ɫأ˵
Ǹˣʮӣһࡣһݣͽеһеĳϡ
㵽׻ȥˣӦõģǼΣ֮ʱЯֹҪǽţ¡Էˡһͷ˺ߣ̾Ϣ˵
ߣ¡Ϊˣ屻һƵ˾ѵҪִƼȨôŭĿԲ
ҿİȻһڵλ֪жٴˣɫһľϿһ¡֡Ǳס
ǺͿˣҲ£ƾͿɺȫˡǸҡͷֹ
ߣǱʹڳﻮ޸·ɱҾͲ֪ʲôаǺǸСӽСһаͻȻﵽһŹĻе֣һ壬ۿž·ҵ£ִԲһɱ¡Ϊ˭ģλҳϣûһүܵÿ죬үү˵˴£۷壬ĶϡҪȥһλΪУѼʣһ߶ͰҽλͲʬҪüڹŹȥһٶĴУܾˡ
һ˵üǳҲһ˶ʱû˵ʲô
Ǹ̾Ϣ˵ѰȻһٴıиʺڣΪģ˵˵Ҳˣһ޾ǸӣиʥǸڹ֧û֣㻹ǳİɣֻнġ
һӣһػϣ˵һ֮ܵü˲ֵˣ
ˣûõģȲ˭ġ˵
үүǾִôŭŪʲô󣬽·°УǸ·޻˶Ƕ˭ܵһҲһ£ǻû׹¡ҾٷˣҪƽƽĶɹʱڡ
ͬʱһ۴⡣
·Ȼ׹̫ԼȻҲС
ǸްΨһޣиʺῴ۵ģǸǲõ˵ȫԣҲһ˼𣿸첲šȵģ˵
仰һ˵£ȫ˶֨ˡ
ˣҪ¡ңֻһ·ֻôǸ˳֡
أȫ˶վ


163 
·ɫ죬ʵ벻ף꾹Ȼ󵨵زһӣƮǰſڴһǰһ̧ͷʱǰѾվһΡ
ɫۣȻû¶ȵĿ
ûǸѾ
·޴߽ڡ
ˢˢʮ˫۾뻮һֱֱеڳ鶯еĶ䡣
ɱˡ
ͬʱܲѾ֮⣬ɭʥһıܣʮѹƵɫÿ˶࿹֮ǿĲλһ׵ߣµĶʦһߣֱѾǼˡ
һߣ·֣òƬ̣Ͷʬ
һ¡ˣ֮ܶǣȴûǰһս
·˵ĿǸֻ̩꣬ȻֻǱϵģȴѾǼѵõˡ
˵ú˼·Լ
·ޣ׼˵¡û˲㣬Ҳɱǰɡ
˵仰ֱֱĿ·ޡ·޵ͷ赭д˵ɱңͲн¡
ܶԣɱǵֶԶɱһ죬ɱ꣬Ǹ񣬿Ҳһɡ
·޿Ȼ˵ǵģҲûնݳֻ룬ʦһ֮ϵߣһҲĿ⻺ʮ˵ɨÿ˵ﶼһƬ
·ޣ˵޸ôǸ⡣
˵
εļ¡һ¾˰ʮλʦһʮλޣǧߣһ޸Ȼץ·ҵǧ롣֪һȥģҲһ档ǸʥһܴùǧߵͬʱһôлʦΪԼܹôǰĻû˵ֱӴˡ
ֱ۾б䶯͵͵ŵһֻףҩࣩͻһȥȻ⣬ƿĻпӳԺġ
˵·޵ûʲô仯Ѿκˡ
ٴӸ˵Ѿʧܶ꣬˵ơΪһͬʱԵľߵĺ似˭ͬʱסǧߵһء

˵һǧ·ˣǰʮҲֻһսֻһ˵ĻǸĸеκһֻһȥ·
ö񶾵¡ߣ·ĺˡ
˵ǣ֮ǰõ¡߸ӣ㱣֤֮ٲ¡ҵһˡ
ʮ˫۾һ붢ס·ޡ·ޱĿǸˣʵʲô֣
¡
ã¡һΪҵ㣬ɱˣŹ¡еˣʲôĺҲҪҳ·˵꣬˳ȥ
ҹһᣬʱȷϢ¡˵
ҹռżţ·Ѿҹɫ֮У¡ΪʲôͲܵȼǸ󲼳أɱǸôһ˷Ȼվ
үүΪǧߣʮλʮʦܴյô˭Ը·Ұһ·ҡ¼û˻Ǽġ
¡˵꣬Ĩȥ亹
Աɣ¡Ҳ¡ĻγĿɬ
һս¡ҽߡ߸ޣʮʦȫɥ˶·޶ĺް
ã
صԺ·ЩΣСϣʶϸϰһܵͬϢͬһޣֻȡʶǵﴦռ䡣
һ·ʵ벻жˣΪһ·ϵ·޷еܼ˷ɺڣǺĵЦʱŨģǳãͬѪ
·޺޵ۡ
ʶͲ·ǡǡ෴ѿ
·ףԼˡ
ڴϣ·޿ʼһƬ̣߾˿˿Ƶ壬͸塣ڵ壬εĸ죬ȫٶѨͬʱſͬʱ߶ﴦһУһ޵״̬֮С
Ͻ壬ת಻;һ·ʶʶдӿ룬ȻһһӦЩ΢ʹ΢ʹ·޲һѣΣ׹ʶ·ȴһԵ΢ɾĴһССĿռ䣬ɢԵââ´һӣʹʹ
ģ˺Ȼѹʶ䡣
һָӼᶨ·޵֮ġȡܵ޿ĳʶԽԽصĲʸУʶ
һʱһʱڶͿһ֮Уʹ֮ʱһǰף·Ѿ˵ʮİˡʶ۳һƬ޾ʶޱ޼ʵſ
ۼϵͣ˵һϡٽû˴֮ʶѹǣ·֪˹ؼ֮˳Ŀռֱָϵ㣬ڶѻɽĵҩǰϸķҡ
ʱѾͷʹѣѪ죬ԴһƬѪ尾
ɢĿӵһöصɫҩϣʶһö׵ľɢȻõģȴҪġ֮ڵȫһҹþˣãöҩʹŹֱһ׵ֻҪܹһ룬֮һܳһϣӶΪһʿһ׵ߡͻƣ֮ǰˮ˵Ҫġ
˵⻰ʱȫû뵽ǰʶԶͬ˵ʮ
·һţ˳Ŀռָ


164 һ
΢ɢǰ죬âֱһ㣬Ѿ塣ռָǿʹϵûһ˿㣬һָͲܿƵˡ
·޼æȥ뵽
ҩһڣ۵һɢˣܵĳѾʹʮֵ·ѩϼ˪ǿԼת·ϣ죬ȻѹһμؼӴһһƺ޾ݵļʶУ޽š
أ·޸ܵ˴йĴʹʶﴫʶҪըˣʶıϳһϸƣϸһ·ţѾҲûų֣ͻȻһ£˾ͷȻһ׹⣬·ֻúԴһը˿һռʶֳһƬտ
ͷʹ˲ʧ·ϲſһ˫ĿʶһƬտ֮ǰһ·ܸоĴڡ
ʱһʶ˺һЦ˵Ȼӵʿһ׵ܣľŶ»֪ǰжԶһ£ЩʱҪѲԼмＸģǺǡ
Цһ̧Сצʶ·޵ʶСÿСצСÿЦʱСצƾնһֻӨ͸ıӯߡ
߽ܱӨ
һЦӶһ¡һ׹⻮·ѵʶ
·޴һһͷõϣһѪ
ݣ
ҧгݵ·޷ٴʶǸСһ΢΢ɢ֮ССռʶŴһЩ
һЦ·һɢֱӳ뵽С
޾ݵһγʶϴһ˿Ц·˵ɣжͶʹʶˣҲҪͬͬھ
ĵЦʱ˺ʧԼƺ˸һ޷ֲĴ
С治һĺݰ
ˮΪû·ϿΣǰʱһĻĶǵΡ·ĿسУǰĵϣʮöɢ಻ʮöɢֱ߾·޵壬·޴ʱ˿ȫһƬУ״ħʹֳ֣졣
ɱ㡭
仰﷭ȥ
ʱ˺ȫ˳ʶڿռС£һĵЦš
ˮȻȥˣѧ̸ܽѾˣµҪԡ
ҹһһҹʳ·޷ݣһֻҹ񣬼ԺĸǽٴǴͨԺǰʯһˣϵҲˣƺǼʹ಻¡ͷɥڽϣһûС
·޵ľһ
ûֱ߹ȥƵƧڣԺһ̽󣬹ȻȥݿաԭļǧѲ֪١
أ·վڷһˣ˵һվԭĵطƾնһ
һ֣Ȼһȡ
ߴﵽףԲվһϣݲŭŵȼ˳һ֮Ľɫ֮ܲȴˣٶȲ಻һ㣬ԣһݶפ·Ǳ߿һ۶ûУȫע˶Ǹϣһֻ֡
ֻһֻܱһѻڵĲӻƵľ׵Ļӡ켶׻Ƹ
˿·ްΡ·Ҳûвֻ΢ӣȻĿŶԷ˼תѾµ˶ԷݣЩ⣬ûбĲĴѾˣڵжţƵľηԼȿһ֮Ųñ˲ҪԼȱǸҪķݡ
ڶԷܲҲûвһ㣬ﵽ˼㡣
ܵõ˳ӣǼѾǷǳϵˣԴʮԺ󣬱Ŀⶼŵģϻ̳Ͽ֡ҸԲǸӵСһȻһȻǿѹ޶ԣȤ
Ǹ·ޣʵ˵ºͣһг߶С˵
·һЦ˵㲻Ǹ׻޵аɣ˵Ѿλʥ۷壬ڿԴˣѾһλ˰ɡţһףʵܻ̫ȶֻǽ⼸¡
Ŷ㿴ˣ׻޵˵仰ʱһղţֻѾǾκˡǰ֮ʱеļλ۷ҲûѾƱڳɻʣǰλĽʥܲ£һ۾ͿĵϸһֻһͣǾǰʮëӣʶΪѾ֮ˡ
·ޣ̫ˣ˵¡ʮʱ˴£ȻѾָˣ¡Ѳ߰٣мλ¸صޣٴĹʧҲҹȥˣϾɱ̫ӦˡȰ߰ɣڵͬүү֮һ㽻飬ҿԷŹһΣ´˵㶯¡һˣͱԴѹС׻޵еȻº͵ͳֻǻء
·һֱһ飬Լڰʱ֮ڻ᲻һٱӻԺ׻޵һ׻Ƽҵ˲ͬǵصصĻ壬ʼҲưոݵġ
ұɱ¡ߺĶӣ͹aﵽһҲҵġ·赭д˵㣬Ϊûүүݸ˵˼˽·ҲȥҲһٶˣҲӦףЩ£ҵġ
·ĶҲ궼һļߣдڸǰƿڴˡ
׻޵Ƭ̣·Ļ𾪣һ˵һֱ棬¡ҵ߰ôɱģмޣѵǶվŲ𣿡
¡ûϸ˵𣿡·޷ʡ
飬ǲϸ˵ҲöʣƺЩ֪¡Ҳ˵Һܺ档
νЩϺףҷЩ£Ǹ۷壬УޣһУɱ˰ʮߡ·޵Ȼ˵


165 
˵һУ׻޵дʧɫ
ǰڶһֻս켶׻ƸɱҲòϵУѾ߿ˡ·˵
ˣ˵Ҫ̫׻޵Щŭˡ
ߣȻΪ¡Ϊʲô㵽׻Ƽſ˵Ĵ壬лʺţֻһˡ·۹һ̱һһ׻Ƽ崦ڹŹһʷˣȥڵļԺ·ΪŹһǵĲҵĵطһ°ɣôҶѿ·ǰȻ΢壬ۿǸԽԽǵ׻޵С
ʱ˿̲Ѿﵽʥ۷壬ֻһ֮ңʮܲѾĵطһʮëͷСӣһȻĿͬڼҶӱ޶¡
ʱ׻޵УȫֹܻѾݶյ磬߶ȼգе׻ƸӵľĶǡ
֮ţ·޻һȻ֮ɫӾͲЦˡ
̲סˣ֮һҲλ׵ĺúѵô죬ʱ˳һֻؼĸӣһԾ˽׵Ŀռ䣬һԾ͵·޵ǰ״ϼҳûмֵ˼ֱӶηĻĻܣ·޿ȥСӣϹˣûͬ˭˵𣬽㳤ԣ
·һ۶ûУֻһĿŶ׻޵С

죬ʹƣͬҲǸ˲õ˲ģϧҴ˶
ռһ㲨·޻ûһֻıܷͻأĸ¡
䡭
ʮصһ䵽治۵ϣ޾ϲϻһ޶Ե·ޣһˣһշ裬һȴˮƽһϺĴƺһһ龫ϣٽҲѡ
·۹⳿û¶ȣһ׻޵еķϣһ˵ʱһ߿ţѧԡ
Ǿллˣ׻޵г˵һû֮ǰ˵Ļ·ҪƹŹһĸݣû
·ЦˣЦûһĻЦͬʱһɴײСĿռСһ£Сһһڵ·ƺֹ
ܲ£һֱ׻ƸµıҲ֮ӴӺͬʱǰƽ·ûжһѾԶķѾﵽ˿µĵزߴ׺һ׵һ涫ǸѾɫѹ˹ȥ
˵ܻ𼸺ȫˣҲ֮أԼѹȥˣ˵ˡףΪʲôʼ֮գԷûһۣΪ
Ǹ񣡣
ۣһѪһᣬݶͬʱ·ջܶܡ
˵Ļ׻޵У˻ȥǼһ·޿׻޵УǸʮһʣʱкҹ䣬⺹õе
·޷ܣֻתһ͵⣬ʱϵǸͷ̧һۣ˵¡Ұ㡣
һֽ·޽ӹˣһʧǵ
ֻʣһνͷίݶˣһɫʣһ˵ꡣǸҳѵ֪ǳ˵ģû뵽˽ѵúÿࡣ
صס·޵Ľ룬һλϲŻע⣬ԺУӦһɳԺʱȻɢˡ
˭Ժأ
ѾһʮСüͷ
ݣ·þҲûаڴֱӽ֮С
ڶһ磬˳·޲Ŵֽϸֹ
д󣬳ٿм忪ᡣ
仰·ףпᣬ¡ߵ壬Ϊ¡һᵽġҪ췴
ֽʳóԷѾҹûԹˡ֧ţҲǾøѹ
ʳҪӦǧ˵ʦʳֳĸãѧĸߵͷΪãһרΪʦѧ׼ĵһãͳĸá·޽ǵһãѧԺһľڴ÷Ϊ٣ֻһٶˡ
˴඼ѾϤˣһ׼ȺͶȼλŵһŸŴʱǾ˷ˡ
һֻͰణģһԹٱģȺнС
·̩Ȼķ衣ȷʵ˵㣬̫ˡŶ򷹴
ʳֻ˵ȥԺǮ࣬ȻҲҪ㡣һλϸ˴һķˣڱѾǳķˣһ·޵ĴԵú١·޾ҲûҪߵ˼̫̫һ䣺һ𣿡
·ʵİϡ
һĴ
ﱩһ󼫿ĵĴЦм̫ˣһֽĿһǡ
Ե·޵νĴŷ봰ڣҪݷʱ򣬷ҵմ˶壬ѧۿЦţΡһ
ġ
Ͱ
»ؼǵͰȻһҲװѽ
һ˸ţ4˵÷ģĺŽѧԱһŸˣﶼŮ֮·޽ʱվке˧Сѧܹȥ·޸ǧеĳһֻŷʱǸվѧɫѿˣ·޶ݳͣ߹ʱλСĽѧ㣬ݺԼһˡ
ô޳ֵܵز
ȥ𴦳԰ɡλѧһİԹ
һ£·Ŀһõ˶ȻҲû÷ĵط
˼ѧ㣬ûĵطȥ·ڨڨ£ͷԷ
һʣúˡ


166
ԵúרģһӵǧĵС߹Ҳû⣬ֱȫķˣ·޲̧ͷ
û֮ǰ֣ѧһ֮ǰۿһԼλϣԵŶˡ
żƳĿ⣬֮ɫͬڿһλ
̫ˣ˵ͨ·һ̧ͷǰһԵõӢ۵ȫһһ档ʮ߰ĻСŮһרעĶ
Ŀһԣﶼһ
Σ
ҲӶԷƵĻװַûıϳ˶Է
ߣ˵ôһģһ֡·ޣ¼ݣͲ֣ûһ㴴⣡
û취ԭĵطָ֣Ҳˡ·޵Ȼ˵
˵¡иҲ·СӰȫҶɱˡĿɱˣ·绯ǧˡ
˵ˣǸ¡ûͲһˡ
ģ¡û£Щɫֳһݿϲöе·һڡ
ģٲˣΪҪ
ݽԾһ÷ˡ
Ȼ¡ЩûεСŮվ˵һ·֮ĵһ仰˰ɸпܼ޸
˵顣Ȼһˣһ䷹ͬһ仰˹ȥ
е¼ݣξͼ
¼˭ۼҹ
Ǹģ˵ġʱֻǸ߰˽׵Ҳ֪ʲô˵ı
˵ѧò㱦ˣһȥɣȻһˣѾмʮȥˣ﹫ôصĳŵСǻˡ
·ԺʱȷʵҪú߹ξ룬ѡ
ѹѹģȫԺû˲˸ȫδѧǡ
ʵµʦûԮ֡㵽СʳƷϷ
·ǰǼٸʦͰٶλޣâ¶޷졣۹ŹܽмԺĲ⼸ˣʮŴﵽģһҲͼʮ˰ˡ
ǲһϰɣ·ʵ
ǻòϣֻҪңûˡһ毲˴˳

Ļû˷ԡԾ˵ҪһûΪ˵ʲôԡ
㻹㣬ûôʱ档·ĳ˵
ģûģվԵһλԳ˸Сܽɫ¡
·һ׵ľ룬һϡСӺҵķʮ˴ˡԼͶһ£ʦжѸپ׼
Сڿյϣ˷ܵĺС
˷ˣСӿǴеʲô߰˽ףôļ𣬴򲻷һλʦġ
ÿĳۣˣСӳֲһ̣ߣֿɼĵطȴۿСܱɣֵĻᶼûС
ɣ·ָָûôʱ䡣
Ƥ͹Ҳסˡ
񣡹񣡡һЦȥֵۣݸԱߵˣ񱩵ѧԺ˿
һĬĬվһλŮӣĿⳡս
߽ף
˴зֳ̾һݵ⡣𣬾ѧԺѧԱ߼ġλӵߣ߹֮һ
һѽԵܵ׵Ŀֲ̬ܲʹ˷׷׺ˡ
ʮ߽ޣ۹ŹԵţˡ
ϵǷû˻Ϊʲô۵ġ
ΪԺλʦ
ôް·޷Ȼһ䣺㶼ˣһʮСѧܣô
û취˭﹫أҲҪ㣬ԺҲ޲ɹˣ˵ҪˡЩε˵һССȷʵе㳬ĵޣ󹦾ñ˵ȥģ£Ժһгͽһһ¡ΪǸҲСѾѧɵԺʮ꣬;¡棬ڶѾ˫˫ˡ
椾һգǿ椣Ҷϣ·޵Ļû˵꣬ǰѾǵصܽ⡣
о
һͨĵͽ似ȴ˵ѹ
̫ˣûø߼һ似ؽֻλСѧܣø߼似
·û
֮ҵһ֮ϡһסˡ
û˺
ûһµСܣſһֻʥſܷ
ôûһµ·Ǹɫ㣬ȫ
ɵӣһȥʥ˼ڻûһأԼȫˣٴȥֻ裬һ嶼ûС
ܵ·Ĵ˴˹ȥ֮Ȼóһ·Сѧܵ壬ɲʱߴӲС
ȻǸһֱ͵Сܣ˵һԺһӵΰĻÿһѧԱѧ˵ԣ֪СţƵʲôز档
֨ǸһֱڰСŮӣΣһҧˡ
·޻صԼסǰվһŮѧ
·޿ˡ
ҲˣҴᷳˣ˭ҲˣŽݣҲ椡
˪椳ûͦ˵ġ·ʱ·壬ڼϲһ¡
һ죬û뵽ŭľҪ򣬼·˼ûУˡ
ѧ㣬ᣬҸ˵˵һҴ˶ټܣ·֮£һߵĳ嶯ͬλѧһ֮ԵٶĽһһºս·ѾӦսˡ
ͻıСܵС֣¹ײϳеһƬϼ
ֻǲһʱ䣬ҲߴˡȴҵйԼҿʼ˵𡭡
·˾ڵϣɺ飬һγ֣ţɽ壬Σе£һԵİڵǰû˿֮·װ̫ˣĿսʮе̫ظ
ȫ˺ö࣬ɵ÷λϣȻ˯ȥ


167
һʱС㽲һʱ
λѧ㣬սģŻ˯Ӥ·ޣ̾Ϣš
ôСܹĿ࣬ԼһӲģϵһͷ£Ķ󡣿žµףĵطŪˣ۵ᡣ
·һ˯ü𣬵ȵſ۾ʱѾ֦ͷһԾ𣬺Ȼһذ׵ּֽдţģ£ԶԵڶ˵Ҳᡣ
ټһʱ
·һЦһºıѾȤˡ
ռָóһɢ·޳뵽Сʶ˺ռǿ΢СطƺһЩ仯һֱܰһ̬ĳ·޵ʶƺʶĵĴڡ·ʱ̲ڸʲô
һεУϴʹ࣬ÿһУʶһĵʹʶÿţ˺϶ɫ
ʹĵֿġ
һҹһ죬ȥ
Ժ⼸ЩֻһǹǸ·޵ġʥһſҲע·޵ķƹ¿ӪĹµȻҲͺܿ촫մԺСǵĶУһжţƵΰԡ
ԵԼĺ·ʱȴԺˣˮ
ˮҪȥͣ²ӣƤЦʦսô
СǽٶĲɣֳһ˿Ц
˵ʮꡣ
ˮͷ޽˵ҵĵӣҪ̫ʦսء
ߣҲĵܸɳ¡ʥһô
ˮͷһμʱڲϣţԺطоͰҴʦɽһأҲΪһʥƤӵ½ңңʱڲ﷭飬Ȼܺ󣬲ŷĴڡͳʥˣʦܴﵽ۷ߣҵ񺣣һһҲõ
˾վ·޵Ĵ£ʶ̸š
СĿ֣ͷ˵þҵôоɱ֮أûо
ǵģҸоõʱһʹࡣʶܸܵһɱ
ʹ࣬ͲֻҲһս
ˮͷͷһСݣ۹ȻĲᡣ
᲻ðС΢΢һЦ
ǰõĵӣżʶѾܴͬˣһֱߣܿµһ
ǺǣмԺסģи磬Ҳڿ϶Ҫߵġ
ǰȥԴɽи磬иս
˵šСǸһǸжţƵģԼ緢һůЯС¥ˡ
ŮôƷƥҰ벻ĸѾӵƥˡ
ٿλڳʮʱ򣬺еԴеȱң̫Զˣ˭ո㻹ؽȥѽ͵ȥٶȾȡ
һز̹Ҳûݶˣ¡ҵļ֧˼ˣҹ;۵Ϊһӣһƽպյģһ߶ڽԾĴ壬ȴҪе»ַܱﵽСǿһģҲһǻı޴йѪĴ޴ɵɣһΪ
һŴӳ̧Ĵϣ¡ӳ֧͵͵ףλ
Ǻȫ˾͵õ
֧˶ˣɽϣϢһأ¹ºѹѹһƬ߽ΪһȺʯ
յɽڣ粻ʱҹıʹøϸ䡣
أɽжһѭȥһֻͷһһ
񳤽ףչҲʮ֮⣬߷ӥʲôࡣϣ¡ҵλļˡ˵˽һʱȵֻһˣû¡Ӱ
ʱ¡һıǰһ۰ݣתһͬ
˭Ķʵ
ҡûʳڶ飬һ˾վ¡һʲô
¡ô󵨣˭ģȵڵĶһҪҷģ
ȱҵļҷǶ֪һ£ѣΪʲôһֱҲأ£¡ǲǾ͵أ
¡ƽʱﲢڣ¡Ҳûôعû뵽վһ˵˾Եͷ
¡˵ˣҪ֣һ޸ɱǸ·ޣΪѳѵļ˱ѩޡ˵ʲô˼һжΪ˼彫룬ûһ̸ҵѵ㻹ʧְ֮𣡡˵ɫ޲ݡ
ʵ˼˿ٲµ·ҶĴ𣿡¡ֱ롣
¡һ˿֮⣺㻳Ҳɴô
ǵġ¡ɾ˵
Ҳҡ¡һžըĴ߼ܹڹâֱ֮⡣
ͷһҪִмҷֻܵš
ߣɱҰɣ¡һӡ
¡ߺһȥ˽һУϽϻȥ۹ɨһһ˾Ȼûһ˸ģ˵·ϵĴѾ¡˴ʧ֮λҲǸտˡɱ˵ġ̾һ¡ߺȻջܵ˵֪һֱȵ·޵ʱǾû˵ʲôˡ¡ףһڲ׷һҷġ
ãҿԾڴˣֻǼˣ㻹ûǣǸóô߻㹻ֻ۵ļȴҪУ˭𣿡¡ʡ
¡Ϊ½ͷöŭ
㿴һָߵľ˵ɽ͸ҵõģ޶ˣСæĲ̫Ѱɣ׻ƼңάңƽʱǶǽãʱԴ壬Щ·޽ҵвǲһС󣬻ôڶܡ˵¡չһЦ


168 Źһ
ҿᡣ¡˵Ҿ׻Ƽҹģ׻޵׿ڶ˵ѹŹһλø·ˣȥֵü󼫲ҵ³ӣ¡һһʮûǲȥΪãȻҪŹ˭ܵˣ׻޵жܣ㻹Ѽ⼸˶ϲ·𣿡
¡һʱסˡ
ûǳһ֪ߵغСΪá
ʲôʱֵ˵һһ֮˵Ҫɱ·޾һǾ͵ҵޣʦۼҵǧһͬǸ󣬽ǸСɱʱ۽¡
ߣûˣ۾ɱ·ޣ⼸ˣһ׵ĶûУ·֧¡ҾˣӹŹʧˣ㲻Ϊ˼ҹŹɱһڵϵİɣǲǸ󿪳ģɱ·ҲС¡˵һ俴ȥ
ǸͺɽڣԲﲻ¡ڰվͿܷġ
һС֧СˣҲҵľߺߣ¡һ첻ûܶҵĻԣסһ㡣¡Զ˵㡣¡˵仰ϵϣ뿪
ʱԶΧ˴һˣվһ߶лɫܷתʹȥڻУֻһһʱ䣬Ѿվ¡ߵǰ
âεĶϣ񱩵˲֮ľ룬ϺȻĳ׶ıֱܵ¡ߵǰ
·ޣ
㣬¡ߵû֮ǰĹʣѿĳ鴤š벻ᱻ˳
ĺһָ¡
ֻǲ¡һһ˵ңҪ־͹㵱겻һУ϶ֻ¡ƽ£ʵ̫ˣҲеĻˡ
ããá˵ú¡ܲһֻĸ߼ֶˣһɲʱѾܳſˣ·ˡ
·С벻ǼҲˡ˻еһֱָգһȴǵ·ޣǴŰĺڷǰ¡
¡֧һ֧ܶͬʱ·һۡ
·ޱѾѩ׷ܵ䡣
һƬѪ꣬һһֻ͵צ۹޴ֱһʮ׵ĴѪӡ
飡¡ߵһ¡ʦܶϣ漣ûȥ¡һ׳ȴѹڵ£ֻȶĶһ¡ȫûһ˾һ¡ߺ޵ۡ
ûټһ·ûһǰ˼¡߿ɲΪ᲻ڹؼʱͻȻѡֱӻ˸ѵõĻȣ·Ʈ
ɫŷѿ·ǰѩ⣬ǰ
·ֻػһֻϣ¡ߵǰһ£񱩵һʱ·ϵֻܶѾйоأһֺֻѹ£һֻܶƿһеĳȥ
˻𣬻ɫķ֮ý׵طпһȥһ̣ռ·Ϊؼ似ڵġ
¡յܣˣʮļһȥ
䡭
ƺһһֱܶһֻϡ׶ڱֳһ˿Ƕе϶һ㶵¡ߣѾǸӣҷɣϣֻܱȥ
ʱʧӰ١͸һ¡ߣǰֳһֻȭ
ȭͷ·ӵĵһʹáȭ󣬶ȭͷĸоˬѡ
һпξеǧľ㣬ֻȭ¡
䡭
飬ķֶɢܶӰ٣·޵ĵڶȭѾҶ
з磡
أᾢĻȭ磬һȭȥһɹռ䣬޵Ļֱ˳֮⣡
䣡
һ¡˲ڻȭȼϢı仯һѽ̼
·ȫǳֱܴ¡̬һʱ죬⼸ּǰݴͣһʱϲֱ
߰ɡ¡ȥڵλǱסȫ⼸֧пֵܳĳѾһЩ׼Բûб̫𾪣ֻǳȥĳǿ·޵۹Сģǵλİŵĳޡû꣬¡ҲܵҾء
¡ڵĶת뿪
أͣһ£һ׹⻮ҹɫеɽڣȻķֳݣͬڵĶһء
ܵ·޵Ȼ˵¡ҳǰɣʮ˹ŹҾͷŹǣȻĻ塣˵꣬ӰƮ˲ڶʧˡ
¡Ҹ֧һѴûʹСûͬ¡ңһСҲǲ磬Ҫǳ֮Ҳ֪ж˴
ϣͱȱûϣɱǿ
Ǽ·ˣҹ䣬䲻ǵġ
Ѫ⣬ףơûȥᣬûȥЩƽʱĶʱ˿ͬʺȼۡ
ֻںġ
ʮ·ھǵĲҵļǧˣڻʮŵµĴ£ʰ¡ҵĵزһ£Ľ֣·֣߸ߵĹ˴ϡ
·˲ϵǨ룬ҲһϢ·괺Ҫˣ·һĽ̡˽̣Ѿõ׻Ͽɡ
λ¡ҵĻʺ󣬾˵ú棬һǷʱĶĿɵѵĵزƺµĶ
ʮϻүλСүӼλλ˱Զĵطңȥˣ޻ϣ
죬·괺ǧˣһǧؼ˻ʳǡŴӭģ·ˣ׻ƼҵĴһЦĵλŹİһȣóһĿ룬·˵һˡ


169 
ˣʱ˿ȴȺ֮УԺһСһʹʶɱ𵴲ʱһĵ˼µһЦ󣬻ӳһ׹⣬һء
Ѫ·ȴЦŨХеɣСүʤ㣬ԸԾ
ԺٴλѧʱֱԼ۾
շݵ꣬һδݻҰܣݵòӣһԵøӵĲݶӵ޳壬ͷҶղϴӼϣ΢촽ţһ˫Ѫ˿ĵƤս˭һۣҲҪĶ־𺳡
죬·˵콫ҵķлл㡣
һ纮ֳһĨΣͷҪˣǴˣˮʦ˵ܿ뿪ǵģ𣿡
·һЦЦһ˿̣޷ԼЩ±Ҫģ뿪ֻ£죬ҴӦҪͬԣҴùˣˣҲҪѧ㣬ʵαԣѾûģΪʲôҪսأ
·תͷλͬźһλʦѾˡڼʮվûҪǰǡ
أһЦЦЩ˾ײЦһЦ˳ǣ˴ġ
·޿λƵѧ㡣ԺգǳһƷԱ˼źҲȥ϶˳Ĺ¡ι·޵Ĵ´˽ʱֹһߵ봰ڡ˶˷صʱ·ڳһϣȫĵĳϣûһ˿ǣ·Ǹ˵ˣܵκ˵ĽϮ
ڶһ磬ûĳŮֽһݷḻѧԱ۲ļŵ·޵ǰϣһֻްϸһˡȻ;վڴ⣬һǸһѧܷŰԼÿζʧþá
˲ǾսɣСܣЩǺѡ˶֣
·òŲ£֪һս˵Ҫġǰһ·޵϶һһ߶೤ģӨȻܵ˵ܸߣȻСȴһݳս⣬ӵϿ͸
һ°ѾΪΣͺˮʮѧУû֮ܳҡ
Ȼ·޶ԣܳɵζֻܿ˺ʶ뵲һµĿܶڡڣѾܵ󲿷ֹ˳̶ȴ󽵵͡ڽսнû˭죬Ҳûһࡣ
۷壬ǿһ¾ͳΪ۷ߡһЦһ̧֣һֻʦһ׵ĺĽϡͬһܣ̫ѿ㲻Ҹһɡ
ܺá·˵꣬ܵ͵һγʶȥ
ͬʱһ£ʶȻ󿪣ʶͬ·ޣͬһʽһ˻¡һһεս·ͬĸоԭܵͬʱĻжԷʶֲͬʦߴһ練ơ
ܵĽһֹܶʦ޵ٵÿ
ҲڷܸҪǵһŬ˴ڣɾ͵м
Ľ֮ڿչ˵׽ߵ·ע⿴ʶս⡣нб
Ľ𽣻һһͷҫۣסǰ׿ռ䡣·һ֮£Ϸ죬ȻЩѳֲסʱʶѾʶΪһƬѩ
䣬ͷɭ
ͬ˺·޵Сľܵһǧľ˳ȥʱĵϹǰʶı˲仯ȥǰһƬҲʧݾ
һЦ˵ǿʶУС硭
ָ棬ƽлϡ
أʶһǵ״޾ϸҪʶˡ·ľܵ˹ȥ
һأûһ˿ɱ֮ʮʽĽͷʹˣ·һһˣԼûʲôԹ۵˺ͬѧУܵʽ˶ûС
һ䣬˵ǵؼ似꽣Сˡ
ܱǣѾʦ׵ܣһεĵؼ
ʶ·ȵķӦǰѾһƬĽ⡪ûнֻǽ⣬ǵأ޴ӡ
·޻Ӷ
ܣ
ʶͬʱһͬʱӶ
䡭
֮Ȼ޴棡
ͷ֣ȴû뵽ȻҪһɰСɣһӣһ似˳ﵽʦס
Сˣһ£е
ǹ̶ֱûκλڡ
·޸оõռһ¿ɲȸղһеܵһľ˳ȥڶγɣһ·ɫ⣬Ѿﵽʦ۷塣
ʶͬһӣõȴ۷
䡭
һ·ȴһһʶܵһЩʹ
ѹѹĽһ¡
һ׵ܣ
飬Ȼһ·޵ĸоȴޱȵĳءʶܵѹǰûУ˺һӨûҪֲһ֮£ʶֱȥһ㡣
·޺ȻʶſһľܣͬʱеѾת˱ʥһס׵ֱֱܵӭԷؽ
䡭
ͬʱˣվ·ͷֳ乺ˮȻ׹ֻҪԼ޵һףô˺ʶȥһ졣ϻȻֳһݿϲ
ģСүò˶þÿ
СĿռС£˺̧̧۾ɫҡ
𣿡ʵܹγһ·ʺһĹ⻷㡣ͬһλ½ŮӨֳһݳ
ǽӲˡ·һ棬ЩΪѵ˵֪һ£Ȼ׵һһ׵ܵصѹܾ󲻵ı̬
ûµģзִ磬Ըһ¡˵ţ״ӣվԭûǼʮļˣҲܸܵռŤ𵴣
ʶ
һöʶеľ޴ɭȻĺỮ
·޴һֱһն˺Ժĳš
¡¡
𶯣һһ׵϶Ľŷ֣߳ݲòҵվԭأܲʹһ·Ѳһѩ׼¶⡣
ʾղء


170 
һ̣סĽ·Ҳƫ塭
·޷¿ۣһ¹ϣͬʱČұȥ
ڻ˭ҲҿԷֻһ·ɱ·˶࣬ǵĿҲǾ׵ıɱ·ҲȫȻˡ
ԭϣͬſŵǸĵطһʱˮʣܴ𣿡
ʦµԳУǸˣǸһʱʧȥ˶£һô˭ܴù֡
һ·СҲһṦδݺ·ȻŲԸʻѾ޵ѧ㣺òЩҩ
ûУšһһһףߣĿ΢ϣˮС΢ţϵ飬ܵ˼¡һŮӣ̲ŵĻɽһᴥͷųױȵļ顣
·޵ۿܵͷźŰһްѳ֣̲סһһĴϡ
ƬӵһշתѹٰＳȡܣ޾ݡ
ƺʱͣݼͲ
һΣ·̧΢΢üĵʵô
һЦ·˯˵û¡շת̡
ɽ죬ؿ
ſҰɣǡǿˡ
·ע⵽侹ȻͬĴ䣬ԼСݲһʶҲѾӦһ߹Ųӯͬѧ㡣
·޽·һλ²ĺù͸˵粻ǶһĶ鷿ͦ·޵ǰСָڲοҪĵط̫ˣϣе𿴣תȥ
·޴֣βתȥλǰԼָо֮ͬǰλһʱȫͬСĺǻǵĸܣһǰȥ
С͵ɴۣǺЦţһ۲գĿǰ޺õĽ㡣
ȻӦõͬĻع飬Ҳ˲Ϲ۵ǰٵϵĽеļ鲼ƬæҵĻһ£ڼ¶ԸҲû취ˣֻСѧܣÿˮҲһֻ쵽棬Ųɿ°Ȼĳй¶Լ޳ܡ
ݵλü޵ĴΣˣݶׯ˷ָĵزһɲһʱҲû뵽Ҫ˵ʲô˾͸Զľ룬Žݵˡ
˴ʤ
·޳һݣը˲øŮɫǣĿСѧԶ
ȵȣȻе
·תͷ
Ѿ۷ˣǵõˮʦǶҪһ似״һλְٸ
·޵ͷŬһ죬תȥ
ڴ̴һľ֡
صСݣˮʦ۾ŹĿһѧ࣬⡣СǸ֮ûеšһǸԲ߲ݽһµķѧԱ
벻죬󣬺ˮȻ˵
첻еģ·һΡ
Ŷˮܺ档
·һЦ˵ȥȻʵʦʲôѸܵĵҩʹڶʱڽ
ȻУˮ˵صĵҩչʶǿҲܴʶǿҲӡ˵һֲҩܰﵽһܡ
ʲô·۷Ź⡣
ǻˮ˵
Ǹʲô·޼æʡ
Ҫصĵطһ滨Ե˵һ˿Զĵطԣⲻʶﵽ޾ı𡣡
ֻʲôط·ɫ
ÿ궼У˵ĵطɽĵطҲ滨
ɽû˵ɽ·ɫһǸ˵;˵°ɡ
ǵı߹ӹڣģҲֻ֪ʦС˵ժһ䣬Ӷܴﵽ۷״̬˵ʵҲȥһԣѾΪλ۷ˣǸҲûٴİ˾ǱˣҲȥ߼Ժ·ϣ·
·޵ͷȻλ彭ƵĴʦֽǸخ˼µѪӣһ£Ǹ˵Ĵа㣬ԼƺһԲУӦˡ
û취
ʦǸ۷ˣܸһ似˰ɣܵ似·ʡ
ǣӦһ似ˣԼѰһɡ
JһԼѡоһʲôʱ򶼿𣿡
ܵ÷ɣҲ̫ˡˮ΢΢һЦ֮֮ݣģǼ¡
ãһȥ·ϲ˵
ˮתţ߱˵ðɣ췹ңͱˣЪһģûҪģ֪Ｋطĵо仰򲻴Լһ㣬СĺӣѾΪʥˣ꣬һ򴺣ȥԴɽˣǿȥĵط
ˮ˵ŽнԶ
·һᡣ
Լһ㣬仰˵ףѰ
ʶ˺С̧俴һۣһ·ëȻģСүͣһͣͣռأ
·޲̵һЦһҧֳ뵽֮С
һӰ߽վڴһֹһķ˺ܾãűϥڱʯϣ̧ͷ£һҸһǽҲҸǾ磬ͬλʹϵġ顱вͬŮҪĹ֪ݸֻһƬƣҲϣõһ顣
ڶһ磬·ãٴγϴѾһ֮áէʩʩȻ꣬ȻϴεЩˣû˸ϴһŷЦǱһλѧ÷С˵ᡣ
·޲С£дĺŵķǰٿͳԡ


171
ͻȻоЩ죬̧ͷķԼλѵһ÷ѧ㣬ýһͬʱܵǹעĻһλŮϡ
һ㣬һ۵ȻһУڴһ˾ٶһõĿⶼ۵
һƬþòͣ
̧һ˪۾ɱһһ̧ͷͬѧǸӵĿɿڴ
찡񰡣񰡣˽ͷˣȻ˸ױ
񻯳ɸˣҲ˾ȣıˣͬʦˮѧԺŮ泯죬ˣԺкӸǳһ㣬ɱ졣ˮΪѧ࣬ҪһЩͲһˣ׷ߣΪСı¶һ㣬սΪóԺˣҲûл
ʱüë䣬Щ죬ʹƽʱЩ׵÷ԵüΪҪ˫Σʹ˲ǿҵַ·ֻһۣͺˣǺߣһ뵽Խ촽ԼͲɵ˷ˡҲиСˡ
ǡɨһۣһĵ˹ͷʱܵڣʱξͼԺµĴɻʱ̣оͻŻ޾ĸ߳ˮϡ
ñ췭ظ׾ȻλСʮ¼ݣǸﵽʥһἶ꣬޲̾£ţ۲ݵĹ¾ǰˡ
ʱ˿̣λΪ۲ݼСںݺݵĨһ죬սǰơ
ܳΪǿ۲ݰǣ
˷ã·޾Ͳˣ˻ͷţסϾͳˣһǰһ󣬽һƬ֣ȻһЩ񣬷ŭķϰ׸߿գ޳ܵķ֡
ǵСǵ鴦Բǹģħצ̽뵽һҲҪɽˮ˽硭
޵ܣ𰡡
Բҡ̲ס
֪˵ڲУҪˣϡ
˵ֵĶһ˵һ²ˡ
ţϽȥ㡭
˵һ䣬˺½󣬷ɿʧˡ
¸·ޣ쵽棬ݺ¡Ȼ뵽СкһЩ
Щ¶С£ԼСǴԴɽ˵ɡ뵽һ㣬Ųᶨʦˮסȥ
ˮڵ˾һǰһ·޵һξǴ¥¡ˮλʦһصĿ·ޣ֪ˣ
·޵ͷ
ֻܴһһʱڱ뷵أú󣬽ңʶ꣬ԭҪŻԭء˵꣬ͷ·ҲǸԺˣҲһͬʡȻҪһЩԺĹ涨ؾѧԺҲҪԷġпտյ·ֻʦѪˡ
Ϊ˷ֹʦѧԱˮԭأ·һ˽ȥ磬ֻһ˵ԭ·ϵֻ͵۵Ŀռָһݼ𵽱ϲ
һ䡣Żأ·޽˵һ䣬Ҳûϸϱ־ǲһһҵģҲν
һңȻռָѾˡͻȻһӿһһ˳ȥһֱϣеһ飬֣ϢԴԴϵĴͨĽָ֮С
ȻҪƵģ·޴ݶڵעռָϢԴԴϵӿ䣬ϳأָܿԭʮԺͳʮһż⣬Ҳ֪ӵʲô̶ȡ·޾Žָ߶ĽŲмԺЩֵƵı飬һĸƵĽָС
һң·ܴһȫµĸ߶ȣҲһԸɡ
·߳ڶҺ˽Ųһ˽·ޱû붯˺ĿռЩΪòʧΪԭͬʱĳ壬ʶβһġԵӵڶ߳ʱʹ뿪ˣҲһš
ʱһˣģҲʮ꣬ȺˮʦҪϼӡ
ƺ棬΢΢һЦͬʱĿȻ䵽еĽָϡָֻƽӹҲ˵ÿ˶۵ģ֪ĳйµˡ
赭д۹ͻȻĽָ϶һ¡ˣ·ޡ
Ժܿõʮ֮ϵǵʦΪԭѧԱûﵽǸ䡣·һţ
һ˵
˵ͷĿ֣õǱ似ؼ·ע⵽д˼֡ߡҴææģõֵľȻǿˮİ顣
·ѿתأһ߼似дǡǱ߼似Ҳ֪ʲôԵġ
۾һһЦ˵ⱾˣҵˣԸóɣɱɱҵΪⱾ似һսǧõȴԼͼԦˣÿδѵͷңȻܹ˲似
·һ濴ⱾϾɲš似໤ӦǼѵ£ⱾʵõùƵġ
Ϊʲôôأ·ü
Ϊû໤˵
·һ㶣Ȼо似еЩ΢תΪʲôأ
ΪǱĶˡһ룬ôԵλϣǱ似Ϊʲôûأ
·ԽԽⱾȤˡ


172
װ𲻻رȻôҡڵľ͵ôԵĵطˣ
ΪѧԱѾʮˡ赭д˵
·޺Ȼһͣɴۿˣ˭
ҡҾǸͦţƵСǡһЦ赭д˵
ǡԺǡ
ǰÿһ鶼ģȥˣţҲˡ޽˵
˵Ѽ񱣬ÿ궼Ҫȥš·˵
Щŭˣ˭˵ģǸͷΪҵԺĴȻˣʲôӡ
·ĿðɣǲȻиΪӵŮ
ڴɣСǺµĿ
һûأҷ׵似ҲǿˣһСˣ̫ԩ𣡡·˵Ȿ飬ʱ·ϱ
ûϵģرٷŻȥ𣿡СһЦĹ
ǱҲκζҿ˺Ķܹˣ·ʶλŮԼĿͷﵽˣһҲȥ˰˳ɡ
ҾͲǮˡС˵涨һҪȡһӵģģıˡ
Ǯô࣡
࣬׵ģ뿴ûУҴӱ߹Ūġ˵ҲշѣûǮ룬ԺȡǱġ㻹Ǵɣ
ףϼһòǸСҵİɣ·޻Ȼ˵
ģţûӦ·Һ¡ҵ£ȥǾԺ·ҽСǵԺΪû׼ʹӦˣ֪¡⺢ӣһǺϲġ
Ȼıˡ·ҪⱾ似Żصϡ
СǾȻû˼·һ̵Ĳ⡣
ôŻȥһᣬСЦʵ
Цװ·ûеļֵĵز
ĺܲᣡ
ʲô·޵ͣ˼ϡ
һһСзųֻܴ򿪹һΣ˽һ£˻˵ʶûģֻΪһ˽⵽ûܿסջ󣬷ǵһ²ɣһȴǷǵСĲУҲˣҲᣬҲǴܻǺˣһķɣһǾúֵ֮ٿǰ־޾׵ӣһҲֵˡ˵ţܸ˵߹ȥù·ĵر飬ͬĿ⡣
ʶû𣿡·Сĵʡ
Ȼ㿴ǵסջģվҪһԵġһԣͻᱻױȵѹѹѹûɢٺ٣ϰˣȸޡǿӦؼȴûһ֪ܽرģһʹãⱾ似ֻǸˣΪ¼ֻһѣˣٴⱾ飬ͺˣֻʣ¿տǣԶˡ
·޲ַǱϣһɲϢȻһȣѪҺҲȼˡ̧ۣһһСһֱţúСǷ֣Ǳ似ϣ߳˲ҡӰССģһҲԭλ߳ƵԺԺһλﵽʥ۷ķΪƸΪһ
ͷǹ¶ġһߺ·޲Ŵĵܵģ޵һ룬ȴһִ򿪣ź
·ûȥЩһֱһʱʱȥǰԶرգ黹
λͬʦã·һ˹ʧǵġ
ôˣûʺ似𣿡ˮеʡ
·ݸһò鼮
ˮÿڶۣ
˵ͷôôɻͻȻͷԤı˵ģ͵㵽ŰǶ֪Ȿ似Ѿˣôܵȥˣй컹ûأϿŻȥҲͷĴ󵱣һȥɣⱾѾʮ츳ţҾ·
ǵͨ죬üôزӿܾƽҵѧҲġ
·һЦЦݺ̣ܲҾͿһģ
ˣõ˶˵ģǶûȵڶ죬ɵˡʮѾˣû뵽ϱְ̬óջ㡣ɲϵ
ʦð۶ʦô˵˼ءʦҡͷ
·޾̾˿ѾϵˣģԸյĹޡ
ץǸʦ˵ҿûһӸ㣬ҪǮǾˡ
ʦҡͷ˵ʦŽˣĹ׷áⱾ似Ѹˡ
ııԭʦҲзݣˮ˵
ʦã㲻˽ʦ˼ôĲҲ뿴һӰɣ
Ҳĵӵ˼ҵĿɣԼⲻˣҲҵӵ
Ȼֹסߵ·Ѿĵ
ľĴǱ似ʶܵĳɽƺͲġ̵ء
৵һ£Ӻˮ£ٲϻǱѾûκ鼮ӵϣıӣӰĻصС
źԼСϣˮһָֻͷϣһʶ̽뵽·޵ʶһ͵֮ʶŻĸο
ã·޲Ŵӻѹſ۾


173
ǰһе׻һ棬ü΢أŵĶ
õ𣿡
·ЩããȻĵͷ𣺡Ȿ似̫˲ˣҵʶѾǿ֮ǰļɻǱˣҪǸʲô
ˮ֣ɫûе¶˵ʦס
û£ҲģֻǺ档·һЦ
㿴϶ģұ֤֮ǰļҲ˵Ļǵ³ܿҲҵĵݡˮ˵ն
·¸ж֣ŵߣݺһ£ʱ£˺ˮʦȰúһ
ˮ֣۾ȴǲɵɫѹʹͶ
·һ£һЦ˵ãҽȫָˣٴ
ˮѾ֪Ϊˣֻ˵˵㻹Ǹʱ򣬱ȥӦңȱʱˣֵ֧ܶ似ˣҲٵģΣաммǣ
·޵ͷȻ˵ϣݺһ£ǺһЦתɱȥ
ˮһָֻϣ˺һеůյõǡ
Сݣ·޼ɴĴʶ

ⲻ似һѵ켶˵似˵ǲһܱ
һûʵĴ󵶴ʶռʶĴռ䡣𣬺ɫ״ܶϣ岻סڣ޴ĵͷڰοյĹͭɫ֪ʲôʵĵڣɭȻĲֱӡ͹ƵģֱֱУֱﵽߵִִֵ֡βһӨ͸ͷ֮εĴΣֻ롣̿ڴſֻצϡ͡ŲͷնˣѴʶľ޵ƺûߡ
簡
һͣڵĴһĽԼһڴˣиסڼƣɷΪһ£һ¡
滹һС֣Сӵ
ȡĴһһеİȻǴﵽµѾﵽ˶ǰıʼҵǰ׻ƸҪŵʮ֮⡣켶Ҳǲͬģһٸҳ
ǿƣҲ··һȴһ֡
һ˺ʶĿռ䣬һ֮ǰС˲١Ȼ˴ʶĴһ
·оõֻҪѵ˺ͻɢȫɱʶ
һ㹻Ծˡ
֮޵˺ֻһŰٲ
һ£һ¡ѵǰ棬ǲ˵ѵºأ·Ϊ仰ЩˣΪһ޷Ƶġ·Ҳ⣬һͷǴһԡ
йͷʶиûɣɱڼƵˣɱֱѹǿĵޡֱӾͱѹˣ˺ҵĻ壬ҲˣΪ˭ѽô
˺ŶǵĽС
ߣ·ЦһѾִ֮ϣֻҪܰ⡭
ķӣΪʲôѡ㰡˺ûһЦ⣬ΪԼľĺˡһͬھģԼļۣǰֻһ·
һϣ·ȫѪҺͺطˣСеƮɣ޷Զ۾ͻȻıɱѪ죬ϸγѪȫŤиӴ𣺡γɣһ
ܳΪսռ·£ȫջ󶼰ǰһٳŰɱɺꡭֻҪγ
żȼ尾·Ѿ˼ޣ״ħ
أһʶ֮ͻʶƴһײ֮ʱ񺣣һɭȻĳȻײȥһ£һйƽ·޴ʶ˦˳
һ亹ͬոմһ·һۣǰ״ŵһ塣
ɢСߣһѪĿġ
ϸױҹĻģһйͬʱȡĴ㣬û뵽һžͿ·״ħӣʶһ̽һҲû룬͸׵һĽڷеĲмһ˿̵ʶѾҳһţؿѪϵ³Ѫ
ѹ·׷£ԼһΡæǰãһǰأһֺ󱳣Ϣ߶ˮҽƬ̽뵽ң壬һٰ
ֻʶܵ𵴣ûд󰭣ǽִ٣ǿҲ˼ңɵܴݶ£һԵ˿ͷ
ֱʱȥһЦſûˣ㡣
ĺˮ·Ӣͦ¡Ը֡Ѿ˹·ޣһֻСǰصֻ
ȱ𣬺õܵܣǰѵô£̫ˣûʣûγ⣬һŻˡʲôȻ뵽һСʱɲףǡ
·޵ͷ
ǰаɱģѧԺѾйôܵʶˣ
·ֳһΣȻԼģҴǱ似ʶˡ
ҪһҲҪ̫аˣᱻɵģǵԺҲܹ˺ûǸΣ
ǣѾ֪ˣģʱҾٶһ£ŰɣҲ׵ر˿ϧ
Լʧģ˵Ǹ壬ǰ׵ô򵥡
֪İɡ·޵ϼѾȫĴأ˼ּͦ޴һֶֻղסͻӲӲģܿʹ󣬼ԡ


174
ƻţѾߺһ֣һ˳Сᵽһߣˡһʱ䣬»ˮڶϣСΣů紺
𣿡Ϣ
ãǶܡ
Ķ
Ǻǣ
滵
̧촽յĴϣѾ츳ѵСѧ߰˰ˣŽڣСһ˵ʶԽԽңһ³ѪԡضﵽﵽС·̽ȥ
㻹ʲô
˺ʡ
ٿط˿Ѿ䵽ϣ㣬æҵʰϣѾѰڵѷˣ굽ԽСĿռԽá
ںŵƣ淴СҪǿղŵ컷ġ
ˣһһһһŮеССǸСǣŮ˺ˮ˶ǷĲ£ͬʱ·⡣
ղŵһǺˮ䲻ָ𡣺ˮͷһ޶Ůͽƽճ谮úŮеһƴʱȻ޷ˡ
еģҾһ£ɹʼ󡣡
Ҫ£һõͽܡϷ񲣬˲ţҪǸ似ˡˮɫͨ죬ŭˣ·ţǵһһʦ뿴ľͽˣ¡
ģģءͷ˵߽Сݣ·Ѿܰγų֡
Ŷ룬ʲô񣬺οҲ¹룬һۿ·޴ľڴͷͬʱһѾ˽Уꡣ
һһɻ˵ϣСݶʱһƬ
ͬʱȥ·ֱǣգأû¡
ˮһ˳ֳɡ
ãûԹɣ
·񲻶ߵĴ£һλ¹ڲѧ㣬λܴﵽ޵ʦ˵ϵ·һƺ˼ȫǰѵϡ
·ҡͷѾ˷ɫĳͷʧ
Ϊʲôûԣھԣһ߿һ֮˵
ԹˣڳܲסѹʱԣҪȺܶˣûɵԼŰĵزûյ£Ҳɵˡ·˵ն
ãúӣҾ֪ҵĵӷͬ죡ˮϲһǰס·޵һֻ֣ŵһɣϺȻֳһ˿ı飬Ŀ·µĴ¿ȥ
·޴󾽣ɫŤ
ˮһۣҡҡͷȻתһǸѾһͷȥɲԼʦͽķ﷢ִ⣬ԼҲܲˡ
ãǵȵһ죬û׼þͱ𼱣ǧ򼱲á
Ҹʲôһкܶ໰û˵ء
˽нԶһѾûɫӴС̽ˡˣʦ϶֪ңҵܱһӦõġ
ɥɴ·һţ˵ҵøϿˣʦ϶Ҫġ
·ϣݺһ£һĳ˳ȥ
Ȼ˵ˮܿſڣЦЦĿıӡ
ĵһɬСϳݺڡ
ûûҹ·޼ûʲô˯ʱ䡣ͻƵʦףԹеɢķš
·޴򿪣һλѧ֡
£·ʣ˻ơ
ѧִ۳һ˵ı顣·̫ˣݿ£ͨ죬˫˱⣬һŰ±໹Ѭߡ
¼ݣ
ǰô·Щ
ʮˣҪӸ·޵Ļؼҹꡣɣ
·޾Ӧöԡ·޵ͷЩ죺𣿺ÿ졣
ѧһ졣ѧԺûˣ󶼻ؼҹȥˣҲҪߣȥɡ
˵תˡ
·һšһôЩײվסԼǽٺǣ˵˵̫ˣѧҪ֪Ѿﵽʦףƻ޵һƬ츳ӱҩ·ǽĿ๦
ԺڹȻˣÿ컻ǰʱСǣˮҲûˡ
ˣֳһˡ·̧ͷƬĶѩ䵽ϣĺ
ſڣʮ쳤˲ӵ
ԺأԺǲܽԺģѧԱؼңҲÿµĹ̶ļ졣
һˣһ΢ڵĹվɽ·Ҽ·괺
·ǰס֣Цտ
޶·괺ֱţǰľԼŶӡôˣԺŰô
ᣬԼŰġʲôʱģ·Ц
㰲µʮŻ˵˼ҽפ¡ҵĲҵۼҽھǵĲҵռһ룬ͬ׻Ƽ干ΪŹһҡλ׻޵ǰԵۼңͬдһѧΪԺĹشҲû㣬û뵽仯̫ϧˡ
Һܺãİɡ·˵û뵽¡ңԼôĺô·һʱ仹ǾЩƺ̫ˡ
һͷԶԶһӰ߹ÿڴ⿴һ⣬Ҳûķ䣬Ȼ֪ΪƴʱǲļƻЩķݣ˹
·޳֡˹
·Һôųһ˴Σ˽װμ俼׾Ȼÿ˵ļ۸񶼹һ룬һǳֱʡǻʼ÷Ʒ֮¹Աû˸ҵǸطƣ·ҵļ˽ҲʮŻ͸ġ
ʱʮŻѾ»ʷΪƽԭƹžŵĳǷ־
߽·ָŸ˵ҵĵһȥġ
æ


175
ҵѧ㣬һֱչңҪ뿪ˣ鷳տһ£ʲôѴ·Ԯ֡
һ˵ɫʱܰףҪ𣿡
·һЦ˵Щɲң˵һԺûʱ
Ҫȥģ
ɽ
·޵ĿüϬâһû
˵¡Ƕ˱ȻҪлɽһսز٣ӦҲ뿪Źǰһս
Ŷ㲵·괺˳ˣƾһ֮͵Ź֮ϵǺذŹһ·괺Ķӡһͦվڶߣ˵ĽԺ
һؼҹô·
һҡҡͷ˵ˣҪһȥ꣬һҪȥġǸʱҽɭϣĸǲܲġ
·˵ˡ
ͷֻ۾Щˮ
·޺͸׸һΣԭ¡ҸȥԭصӰֱˣȻء
һδޣڵ·һ£ƸӲ
·괺ŻԶͲòµýӭӵѾ˴֡һˣһƣ֮죬ǵ켫һʱʮŵ׻ƿδǺ棬־
һλߴﵽ׵ļΪ͵ߣȻǹŹʣ׻޵Уһվһλڵģ״Գ˵Ĺάάӡ
·λƽԭ׻ƿţȻи̣Ҳֻˡ
·괺һ˵ȣ·󣬶ȼƽԭλһ׽λŹļһ죬ֻյһ
·ڽлʵǲк䣬˵ԼϴϴٳʵѿͣԺǰߴ·һϴ
ٳһֻ꣬۾ѪһƬЩˡ
Ѿſ磬һŰɴӷм䣬Χһ׻ƿƲɼ·괺㣬һ߾׻޵Уάӵȡ·ļµģǼ󣬳϶ռУмȥңػɳҲûܻ
Ϻһաÿ˶ֳ飬ƳԵڡƽԭ׻ƿ·ޣλȹһ꣬ȻҪһ˵ȡ
ʱ׻ƿѾүķ·޿ŲˬȻҲǺһ׽ҲֻǱղӦ׻޵ܶƢθһ̸ѧһ֮һһرͶԵм䣬׻޵бؾϰľ飬·޺ܶ벻ָ㣬·ǳӵĶ˾мӡ
ϯֻ࣬˵üɫ裬ĭĽһ˵̬ơ
˭˵ʲô𣬾ϯһλүҲҴһλһλܹ죬ߺ͵ĳ֮ĶԻĸҲֻŵķݣײԡǹŹ֮Ľ
׻޵Ҳ˵ռ£֮¼Ѿϳɾһ˵һĴ˹Ź֪˼ˡ
һЩռ£·̹Ȼֹȥ̽һ塣·괺ͷһ˾Ҳ׻޵ֹȥһŷ˿üͷ΢壬˵Сһ壬ǲǹʲô
Ǹ·޵һЦЩ֣ͬҲò˶ʱգ׳ˡ
ǲ˵Ѿռ𣿡
ǰҪ˵ҵڳϺҵ裬Ҳ̻ˣӵռ󣬾ٲõ˴ʦˣһ㵹Ҫһ¡
Ǻǣ˵˵£׻ͷһ֤ȷʵѾһλӵ˫ռˣŹһˣµһǸͷ㲻ҲֻǸʣ˼ʮ꣬Ǻǣû뵽ôΪʣҶʮδŰ벽޲ҹ̫ˡҽЩʱգɽӣܰһŵϣûȤ
λΪ֤·޺֮ǡ·괺ֱʱ˶ӵġ
һϯֱԵþ˶ɢλŹ֣ϧȸеཻ̫ʵ׻޵רʮ겻£ĵطǳĴ֮Ѿ̫ʵ·̻
̸
صУֻʣ˸Ӷˣ˶໰Ҫ˵·괺ĵڶռ׷ãӶӹ㲵·괺ɲΪһ˳
ûµģŶӣӦԣСʱĴûҵ£Ժ͸ᡣ֪ɽλãü˳ȥѰңҲиȥҾӦܹ֪ұȥԴɽ߼Ժ֮ǰ󻼣ߵðġ
䣬ʮǰλʥ۷ˣȻû֦ξȫһһͬǰٲֻա
·޵ͷҲã˶࣬ҲʲôƣǼʶ㣬Ӧܰﵽܶࡣٴһû¡һ¡츳ߣҲڣȻ
·괺ͷӦ
Ӷ̸ֱҹ·괺ƣ˯ˣԼվ˺þá
ͷ졣ˣ򸴺
·һҹ˯ûڵأһֱڶƻ˹
汬ѾСˡ
·޳У˺ʼհС£ʲôʶܿٳǿСռ䣬ȴȻӴһЩ
·һֻ겢ûзͶǼӽ˺󱳵ĶǰȻңǿ񱩵תȻ·޽סһױͷųһѹһļ¡
̵ģٿ죬ʰ˳ٶԸ㣡
·һЦ
ԹͻصԼĴ󷿼䣬һγ֮С·괺¶ټҶסСԺκ߽
Ϧ꣬·޳ȥԷ⣬ȫСԺжɹ̬ȣ·ҵ¸ᵽķŰʽǲף
죬Ǵһһ磬·괺ոҪλǰͷ
أһӰһ㣬ӴһأһɫŵĿ
ˣ


176 ɽ
һǱ·ޣɫѿ˼㣬·괺һľ͵ʲô£
ڶ·˵СȻ£ȻɼСһ̬꣬һӣ⵽ˣһռ֧ţҲ¡
·ңӼһͶ뵽ͬһ£裡
ڣ;£ˣ˵ȳˣȻûܻ·ٵģǾµİ
ߡ·괺̷ȥ
һķԸһʮƥ⡣·괺䣬ֻ˵ǻհ棬Ӷ˷ɱ򱱷Դ￤ͬʱһɸ봫飬ӾǷ󣬽ӵнʮλַԴ￤һ·׺ƺƵͬһ򿪰Ρ
ʷǰ·Զʼˡ
Դ￤ǲʮˣһһǧ˵ǰʱ˲׸ոܹµء
ҵĴ㸲ʮҶ޸ؼ׵Ķ˵ʿסֻɢң¹ڲĶ顣һˣɣǸʮĺӡ֣˵ͨһ£彭Ĵǧǰս
һ˽ȥƬ̣˷Ŵӭ˳
գһѡķԸһǧ˽ҴԺ
Ժ״ңȻĴɨܿóһսµĴ߲С٣ͬһ㣬ЩûѪĿġ
ҵ𳤿ɻãʳһֱŵ⡣
׵ͷ˵˵ĲأѾָˡ
ǿأ
վˣվҲ֪ҵλֶôˣһ٣˵оսˣĻŹĵһǣˡ
̾ϢţԺǰľѾòݡֲһ޿ӣﵽ׷Բ뼸ʮ׵ĵ£һ͵ĻʱƮĴӣڶǰ
ĸϵȼչµľ޿ӡһһҹ
ʮҶס潽ˮͬʱջٵĻоͽһƬݣҲΪһô˰ĵһѡǧϡ
ɽǸʲôĴڰ
ڶһ磬·괺Ӷǰ
Ҷϵöˣæȥͨ˼ڡ
Ķӭ˳·һԺǰǸ޴ӣ¡ڿǰֻ޵ݿ졣
ܿ죬;һȺˣ·ǧ˶飬ȫվ󣬲İٶˡһɫȻȻһλʦĽǰȰүûʲô£ֻҪܻڣ·Ҿҵһܡ
ҵʦأǻ𣿡·޲ʵ
һûش·ٿȻվһֱۣһѽץУâ纮Ľһ㣬ֱ
˵
ǡãĸɽ˴ˡ
һпȥѪʱӿ·޻Ȼδǰ֣µλʦѾɫϡһͷɳ⣬̵һ䵽˷
תָǲŵõӱ°Ϣ
𼱣Ҫңһȳġ·˵
̾˿ֶλͬʱ°ˡ
ڵһ£ڳ·޻ӳһȭһ̮ĶС¥ȭǰʮίһƬ飡
䣬ãҪɽ
һХֱ
ɽǸصڣҾڿɽΪѧҲѰǵɽ˵ӡ·Ҫҵɽλûòʱ䡣
ʵڶϢɽˣһֺʿһãһɽս飬дţһº󱱲ɽ̣ʱ͵Ĺ󸮼ѿͣ赹ְ͡ãֲ˼
ϡ
ʿһٻԼ·˾赶ء
ʮ죬ɽѾɢ˹ŹԶһʱ䣬ɽ·ң·޵ĴսŪþ˽֪ΪһλռһԾ·ޣ뼸ʮһλŹһ֮ĶԾ˵ٺ󣬶ⳡԾȫһߵĲ²⡣
ʤ
ǰʮ죬ɽǰһѩţ򣬾ΪǸ߶һʢµĻᣬ׻޵µһ֮йһսû뵽ǳսٳδȴȵô˵Ϣ
һڣ·ٴ֮Сֻһһǰ˰ǰϣϢ˳ӦȻͬʱڵĸԵֵĲʣ˺ĶԿ·޵һֱһʹ״̬£Եĺ٣˯ĸ٣һȫȻȫҵ֮УûûҹĿޡ
һº󣬾飬õϢѩţǰڻǰ޸󣬶ڰĴѩɽϣɽþʹڰɽϣѾֻʣһЩҵĶӣֶеѩţȥˡ
Ŀຮ֮أѩɽ֮ϣɽѾǰĴˡһһǧˣ·ޣ·괺ʮ֣λϣ彭ˣĶаĴ죬ҵĽ˰ԺмСսĽǧˣûȵڶ죬ͿΣĴѩɽȥ֮Ĺµ彭˺ͼ˹ͬϡ
е;ֳǧˣĺϴҹУϮɽáϣҵɳˣ׻ٵɽµһ˾ͱ˱ɽ
·ȫĸ֣Ҫһٵƽɽ
ѩɽǧе߷壬ʹʢҲѩɽһƬȫʯͷڳɵļټ䷿ᣬԵڷ˲ʮǧ˵Ķ


177
ɽǰ˵ɽѾɽǰ˸ʣǰһƬͷסԲһյϣ֮ڣ޸ÿɰ˰ʮλʦһʮλޣǧ߹ͬɣ۴һ̨̨Ͼָӷһǧٰʮˣͳǧߡ
òŵǰгѹ˾ٲΪ裬ȴ١ǧ˲ѹֱѩɽѹ
Χ۵˽ս˫ԶԶվţ˹Źеļһĭһὦһ벻ǲ֪ѾһŹ۷Ĵսÿ˶ڴùõˡ
ߵǰֻ·괺Ӷˡһ£ǲ·괺Եò࣬·޸ݵˡһ£ӲǽܣܸһףѾﵽʥףףһףʦ۷壬ᵽʦһסͻƺʶ࣬˺ĵȴҲǣǰٲͷųѹٶȣѹ£·ӵ°빦ͻƳɹġ
·괺еɽѻôͳһֱﵽʮ֮⣬˶÷ܡ
ʼˡ˷
ܿ죬һ֣ܳˡ
ǰһü信һװϽźɴ¡棬һλСĿģɽɽٺһλɫͷһüëһĻɫ˫ĿƺķᣬͣҲǼģݣ棬һʵ޻ĺɫϵӡһɴȻƴƲסķɢȥ˲ɵη塣
ǶһֹͷСëȴֱ棬㼫ޡǰһ˴¡ǰ˰֮أվסһ㣬˵
·괺۶ӣ˴ӭȥ
·괺λǻ䣿·괺˵
˫һۣΪмĿⷴ·ϡ
·Ȼһɫ£鵭ĮȺǸΪĴ
·ôû·괺·ʵ
·޵ͷʵ𣿡
ܺãͷеϣȥܿõ˵Сˣˡ۲
ˡ·޻û¶ȡ
һ㶣һССʮĺӣʮµһǰ˵ͬԸһˡˣܿ񰡣˵ʥģü嶼׳Ƴˣʶһ㣬һܿռСưԡ
ðҲܿһˣֻᱳŪƼµһ޳Ǻˣԭ̸Ǵˣٺ٣ǲǾҪ˶㵱Цư·ƽľ˵
һҲֻ̺ҪѪʲô̸ˣСſ࣬ûйһ㸸ĸô
·ЦͷúÿλӣһӰӣ˭Ҳ˵֣Уں̰Ϲ
ʶһתͷһߵĶӣȻһûһ֮ô֮ǰûע⵽˳óƫƫ˼λʦ۷壬Էִӹ͸ĺģһҡ۾ŵ磬ǰǹͻֻ͵ӡ
汻СУҲ˵
ô󵨣һڵһްƮµأȻȼһ׵ܻͻȼգǰ¶ȻһߡһΣһֻ׵ͨ͸ľͻֶˡ޴ͷ˲ϰٵļͻͻ̼ܴﵽ־֮ߵģ·޻ǵһο
𾫰߽ܱ
·괺üͷһ壬䲼ֻʥ۷֮ϣӵŷϣȻܻڣĶô
·޺һϹǲΪСүûĿռͲĶˣСүҽܻڣͲÿռҲڡ
С쵰񣬰ûȳһߵĻɽŭˡһ֣˴һ֣߼Ÿͷң¹ڲСŮӹ
·޿һۣѪͳϴԡ

СѾʧδЮţˮŮһһϢģ̧ʧĴһۿ·ޣ촽΢㻩¡
·һۡǶӣûʲôãôʱ˵컷ⲻ٣֪лǽԼãЩʱͻȻ뵽о黹ǲͬأδһûһĻܵ˺·޷ҪһЩҲ͸һЩ
һޣ·޾ɱˡ
ȻػеĻ𾫰ʮ׵һΣһ䣬ɱڵĺһѹ˾Ŀȥ۴̨̨ϳһִɫ⣬߻λʿһһңмǸľϺȻһŮӡеһ£غһ谡
еľ飬ǿĲһᣬüʵ˲ٵĿŮˣס
Զ˴һɧȻ˱°Ѳʲô£һĶࡣΪ䣬ܲ˱ӵ£һλ󣬲Ƥˡ
˵ѾΪΪһλʥ۷壬òСĴ¡ڣǰĸоΣյġѵı壬ӵ𣿾У£ɵӦǷģôλ۷壬ٸ߾˵ȥˣôССҲʮ꣬аʲô̶ȣ
䣬ҲλʮһֱоԸ·ң·Ҳûй֮ΪʲôŮ˵ǵƦåҲ㽲·괺ŭ


178 
ߣ·СҶΣһ֮ӣľҵ棬һҪǸʲôţﵽҵͷϴΪһ¾¡ҵĲҵ֪¡жٲҵʵɽģһȡ֮·ľ޷𣿱·ңһҪһΣµһͷǲԼ׬µģֱ˵ͷϻֱð㡣
·괺˵ǷҪѹ·Ҳˣ
ȻΪжУ
ǻʲô˵սɣ·괺ǰһ
ô·Сӣʹе޷ϡһߵһλ۷壬ɽϲܻ˼ԣȥ굽ĸ
ϲǸӣλʵ۷塣˵˼֮䣬Ȼܲ϶һɫĴ󴸣ܲڴϷɿôһָ·ޣһָֻ˹̫ϲҲЩ֮Աǣһһ޵ļһҲ漣£¼˵ٳɽΪԼµڶ
һ֪ߵغСұ⣬֤ԼǶԵģ¼һʵǸѵõĻᰡ
һֱԼŮܿ࣬·޵һļ޷֮ءĿѣ۰ҪѪ
侲Ŷڲǹƴеġ
һٸԼ
·괺һҪӭȥۿܿ࣬λĺӣĿᣬֻɱһ
·˵Ѿǰȥһܱ⡣һһ׵ֶˡ
һΧ۵˶Ǵʧʦ۷壡ܱòŴˡҲûʲôֿˡһ۷һʦ۷壬һߵĴ򶷻ʲôڴġ
һüе㲻ֻǸʦ۷壬Ӧλޡۿšɽ¡ȴЩˣǺǣСӿǷˣ˻ô̶ȣûǲһ
ʧľϲ
һֻʦС
׼𣿡·ޡ
·޵ͷһһƬ˳һ־Ŀξ
ǧľ㣡
ϲƲƲ죬Ĵ̧̧ƹ̾ѹ˶ԷĻƣһ֣ٿʧˡ
·޷ˣſһˮܡ̣ܱ䵽ˮϣˮϣһǽ
·ȴǸɫѿͿ·ѹס䣬Ҳû˴ùڿ·ܶõȻһҲǸްһλޣ
伸ʮǰλʥ۷ˣ
·ƶϣ죬һغ䣬ϲ
ϲȻǰ͡ԣǿҸʵذسȣһ;ͬһɽǰֱֱѹ·ޣ·ֻشǰԵü䵥
䣡
һؾڶؾûһ˿ˮ
أؾ񱩾ϡǰˮ죬ֱ糤ӣƹѹȥ
û뵽һλܷɫĹϲһãеƹâȻıһ࣬ڻ˾롭
䣡
·޺߹һ岽ɫʱҰס
ô
һдеϲ
·޵ȻһЦˮһգһƬɫֶѾ˷
ԣ׵ķܡ
Թ۵ȺһɧȻǸţһóܣŹѾǵһˡǾԺܶ࣬ͬ˼۷˲ٵľ룬ʤ˭
˵Ǹʥ𣿻λ׻޵жΪʲôôûʲôռһ٣Ҳûа취ˣ
۷׷ף
ʲôϲƵĿСŪһԣȥʲôô
з磡
һ·޷𣬷ȻҳѾķϰ졭
з磬ˮ·ֱڷУ񱩵ķܽĵ֮¡
ϲһͷΪһףܴóôɫ似ѾǳˡǿƣҲֻ崴ܷ첻ɡ
Ŀһ̧󴸣ƽƽһͦȥ
䡭
һƬ⻪ҫۣӣܲɳʯ裬ⶼڲһ˿ҡ̾Ƿͬ졣
ٿأ·޴ϲͷϷɹһ󣬶λ·޾ͱɽӪ
һƬ⣬·޼һ
ɫķóһƬɳ·޳ǰܷ磬ֱңһһƺ޾ݡ
ϵЦԽԽŨԼһζˣţƵСӣٲʱķɡ
Ȼı֮Ӷܼ֮·޵ĶʮʽξϲֻȵĽһֻشӭϣûκεĻڣһӭ֮һٽһһĽ·ԼӪ
ɽѾЦһƬһߵսľڿһ־硣
˰ɣСһ
ϲЩͷˡ
Ӷһеش


179 
һĴһ׷һһĻֻһߣڶһӾ޴Ȼһʮشӵһһʹﵽ˾춯صѹĴ⣬Ƶ⽫˶桭
ͫһ·޵˲תһֻˮܣȻһӣ磬һ˳ʮףŽһɫѿȻմһһֻѾǰ
˻ʮ⣬ϲԸϲ·ޣûܵÿ죬ԭһ֣һĴһλռ䣬ص·ǰ
ɴ
ѾΪؼĹһ۷һ˿һļһϲѾͷˡ
һˮܣ·벻죬һ֮£ˮܽúҶһκһ˶ó⧲һæҡ
ɽ¶һ˿ЦֻˣһӴɽǧ֮Թ
·괺Ϸһâ̵ֱֶͬʱиļһһӭͿۣһҫ۰£ǰȻһֻѪɫá
»ʸϳ󣬸¡ɽ
䡭
·ޱһͳʮ⣬ڿУһѪѼһ˳
䣡أ涼һһ˿ɫҰܣڵϣһ
һܾ·괺ŵĴסˣʮףȫס
һЦ쳹ȫɽޱȵЦţ·޾͵ǰüң̫õһֱ켫㡣
һѾԣ˵˼һݲУһֻǰ۵̤·޵ظ֮ǰĵط·һ飬ǧһ̤ϣʮ֮ࡣ
۵һѪ·޵Ŀٴ
Ҳн죡
·ҵӪˣˣһźһͬȥ
˳ù죬ǰ·˵üأװģʱֱһӣһҡӣһͶ
ʵԭ޸˲֪ٱԭĺĴ̫ˣʦҲ㡣һݼ£ʹǿеĴͬһԲмǿȴÿЦ
ʱ·˹ȥҪһ˰Ĵ
ޱȵĻɽǰһһŵ·ޣŤţҲŤùǺһֻȭǸڱȥ
һȭ磬Ҫ䵽ݵϵ˲䣬һ˫ĿſˣһһЦϣ·ûðѪıӷһߣᵽ΢ŵһûɽһ䵽˹ȵףȭͷҲ䲻ȥˡ
һЦĽһֻﵽ׵ı쵽Ƥӵ£վֱ塣ޣһڴѪ̵ֱ䵽ɽϡ֣žžÿһһؽ䣬ɽɱĿ񺿡
֮󣬲ûиıѾһս̨һһݵ֡
Ȼһ·޽һɾʯ·˲ʮ֮⣬һ֧ܵ·괺һϣͬʱղŵĴһƬ棬һֻ߽׻𾫰ʧĵط
һ˿ͣҲûУûմ棬һ֮ܲڰٴΰθߣһ·ޡ
·޵һֻǸùʥ׵ֱܵһֱ֮ڵĿƬƬ˪һͬ
һؼɽѩ·괺Ȼɱһ͵·ֻûƳһŷ
ȻĴ죬似һޱ߼ʵѩ׷·еֻܵͬʱȻһѪ̵ǰ
һһá·޳Ӱ䵽ߣǸֻͷܶĻɽ͵Уܵһգϻѹҹ˫ּȻײܼѹ֣Ȼһ£ؼķܶѾѹǰĻϡ
һֻ𾫰ͷϵֳɿֲĺɫƥľ磬ѹö˶ٻ̡
¡
ܶƿһаķʥ۷Ļ𾫰ϣֱʮ׵Ŀռ⡣
ӣһ˳ʮվ𾫰һգվ֮ǰ
ҶӣȣĿҪ
㴫ȥһ㣬һء·괺ܵɽͷϣһͣ˵һͷһҲҪ״
ҧгݣСȻʹթããͷһսҿмＸ
·һЦֳһ˿⣬֪пԼһսʦѾ޷ʣµ˺ȴֻֻһӵʱʹãһⳡսʱ˿ԵλʥһѾﵽʥ۷壬һҲλʥ׵ĹŹǰ
¾ҪľȳȥеһλʤĿܡ
·괺ӵı飬һۣ㽫ȥԸ⿴飬֮󣬶ȫѾֱ֮ܵ⣬ܲǴﵽס񱩵Ƴ֮Ѿﵽ񼶵һ˫۾Ѫͨ죬ûаֳɵĽܵ
һİ׹⡭


180
ͬʱһһֻ֣ܶȻǹһˣǾҪһס
ʱ䣬ѹһƳķˡѾûɫһߵĻ˼άһͺѹһؼıɱ·ͷųȥ
ˡ
·ҲֻǷϮһܶǸһһ׷һһһ¡¡ıսɽҡضĴڵ޾˺
䡭
һнˣ˵
һܶͬʱ˺Ѿϵ壬һ£һƬѪ꣬޺ۼѭһʥ׵ĹŹˣްһ
·޻عһֻһ͵˻ǰѾΪĿ񵶣һ˻
һһҧֱһӣԶ۴һ˸߾ٺ죬ֻһڣȥһ䣬޾Ӱ£һֻ֧֪ǵסģһѾû޸֮С
Ųأ޾ܲѾ档
·ޱöࡣ
¶һ˿ЦСӣ󣬿㻹ж񣡡
Ȧһ죬еĺɲǼֶ˾һɫٰܾܶ
䡭
޾ܲɢȥ
ʱ˿̣·ҴУһףʹɰζǰˣһӳһתѵͬʱĪĻ˹ȵ㵲ʱףЩȻֻΣǧ˻һˣһȫĴٿءʵʵڴڱ£ĶѾֹһˡЩָͲڡ
·ˣһһ࿿ר־ĶԸпͻȻֵĵˣ֮ǰＸ֣̽õӦΨһЧ취
һʱڣɱֱ֮ûڣ
һ·޾͸о˱˵ѹѾתΪǻָܣô˵ĸ֪ܿû̫ʱ·һϣһѹڷĻɫУ񱩵˵˫ּ䱬һܷܶͷ˳ȥ
ĻһЦһͻȻ䣬һɺֶγһɫ룬ٳʱͬһɻ룬ϣһɽ˫γɡ
Ѿ˵оȡ֮ǧ˵ȡ֮
ˣСɽ
ؼĵͽ似ɽ˫ͳڣ·ǰʱһѹɲʮ׸µĻɽ
ܷܶؼ似ϣ纣ХӴ㷢ǵǰһƬ⻪۾һ̵ʧһٻָ𵴵Ĵſȥһ޴Ĵγɡ
˶·ѣĿѿ
·޷ڰգڶֶܷܶ
ĵޣôְɣûˡЦþĶǡС˼Ĵǹ죬㱻ܲ忪Ҳͬʱһˣͬͬˣ޾ݵģ˫һһɺɫĻ뱻أ˫ּһӿֲɽ
еɽڣ϶һ飬棬˫Ŀɵ˼ޡֱɵĸо
·˴ʱóȻ֣Ȼһֱ壬ѾĴȥ
ХٴθǹһСʱҲƺֹϢ
۵һѪ·޵ηɹ޿ӣ˫ͳܷܴܶ߼似һ켶似ֱǧﱼ쫷硣
ȻٴλʱеܲûɵȴһƬ𺣡
ؼ߽似죡
𲼳ɵ죡ǻƽʱȫ似ֻһӣʱ˿ǧĵؼɱȴһƬ

һ̵Ŀհڣɳֱʮ׵ĸ߿գѾ˶׿£ʮס
ۣ
һѪ·޵һ㡣
ͬʱеɽڣмʮѾľһµûˡ
һЦ⣬ЦʼվûϹϵĺѻɬˣε˶ۡ
ûʱˣ
·Ҫûʱˣ
ĴԾ𡭡
һӳһȭһȭ㲻Ǹ似ֻǴɺ
䣡
ܵĺһֻȫ͸ͷ˳ȭ⣬ǵʮ׵Ŀռ䣬һ˫Ѫ۾ѪĶŻɽſͬһľ죬˹ȥ
ˣףΪʲôʧȥ·޻ӵɵܡǸ˫ռӵֲ߰ã֪ҲͲ¡֮ģ
ѾˣҲûĺڹλѵ޸ôǧ˵Ĵһ֮ǧ˵һλۣ
ϣҲˣѾûƵס


181 
˫ٴһμȡûԼҲЩղסĺɣһĺХˣ·޵ǰγɵޱ޼ʵĺХ̼ɽ
û˭似Ź˹ͬһξһƬ׳Ļ֮Х
ͷǰúС˲ǹ˰е·޵壡
˺ܾãٴĿյϣѾһ׵޵׵Ķڶ֮䣬ڵͬվڻɽϡ˷ڶ֮䣬˱˴ˡ
һģ·ȻվţһѪ¸ûûˣվţҡҡ׹վţվţ¶һƥǣһ
ûʱˡֻһˡ
·˵һԼͼ˵һʱ̣ȫ
ЦˣһϷŰǶԱˣǶԼѾԼƵ˾ޱİ취ˣֻ㳲У
˫ǰտҰǰ˺þãڻΪѾˣǣһηʱ˫Ȼţ׵Ԩ
Ц޼ɵĵ˼㣬СûĹһսŹһʲô׻޵УʲôֻҪĴס
˫ͬһǧɽȫ޲ɫͬʱһƬֶ˾ȥǧѾ似ˡ
һĻ𺣣·ӭ˹ȥ˫ֿŽ뺣УһЦ
ʶһƬ飬һһֱֹΪѾ˲ˣΪʱ̣ҪԼգӲ˵ģǼ˵ӣбû·ˡ
ζ
㾡ȫε塭
ʶԵʹ絶ʶҪһޱ޼ʵɱ⻮ˣǲ֣һֱȥٳ
УһƬ
ͬʱľֹɱ
˶ܸо˲ԾëȻɱ⣡ڼƵɫصĵ̾ûɽˡ
Ϊ֮һ̶жϿһһֱ˻𺣣һֻĻˣϢĻǧɽڣһ֮Ϣĵˡں󣬵ǰһʮɵĵ⣬ûжپޣ⵶ֱͷֱ׹͸ѪɫƷܵͬһ飬ڴֻһϸļϸһߣĵߣпھĵпڣ˻ͷ
ɫĻ䣬ǸЦҲסˣɿ֧һֻͬʱһ䣺ŹҰɡ
һнˣ
һĻ䣬ĹŹһŷɥ£һѪصϣɢ
·ڵϣֱֱĵ£ͷѪѾ֪޾ˣþˣҲͬʱԶصʶͬʱʶһֻ˺ȴ̵ʧȥ˱ľӨ͸Ļ壬ʱ˿̸ӵ͸
һʶҲûĴ֮ˣͬ·ڸղţþе÷Ҳܴɢڴʱû硣Ʈʶ
Ҫɢˡ
·޵ʱݲһ£һͬսΪⳡսУǾģԲ͸֧ҲȫþˣƮ˳
Ҫɢȥأ·ϵָֻȻһ⻪˺һģоˣһһ̣ʧֻĿռָ
һ֪õһߡ

ɽӹŹʧˣҲûɽص֯ˡһ죬ɽϦ£Ѫɺӡ
ز۾ģһ⣬ȫ·˺Ĳһ㲻˺˵·꣬һϢ·޺󣬾˴ԣͻȻͱѪĿħ
һĻŹˣһֱŸ˵𣬵ʱص龰ʵڳܵļޣЩһ·ؼҾٲ˯λ·ˣһѪ
ˣٿ޾·㣡ǺŻСӵĲ֪Ŀͷ˼ʮˡ
һֻϲϵɽ·ҾڴʥϵĴ£һѻǸطյøɸɾλ޵ɺɽһ·죬·޵ļ˶չһ¡ɽصҲãٴʧ٣һѪ飬ѧɺ󣬰·һŲ
ɽʮû˸ҹõ˿ޡ
ǧ·죬Һǧʦ޵زǾĸ̧·òɱţܹǧ··ûܵһҲܲһ𶯾Ѫֹ
һֱԡ
ֱڶ괺
úˣ겻£ȻǼҪһ䣬·𣿵û˵ͷ
죬ϵҺԺͻȻһϲĽģʲô
˱Ժԭľ޿ڿӵԱߣһ̵֧С֦ڴ֧ƬϸС˿СҶ
̾˵ˡ
ô˵·Ҳ˰ɣǧؼʿΧ
׵һЦû˵ˡ
·ҵĴˡԶԶĴһ仰


182 
ͬʱģ·ҵһСԺһȴһɴŮһ۲գĶŴϵ
һޡһ΢ڵŮ˵
ǰ࣡㣬˵бô
ҡͷС޳˺ӡĸ磡
˳
ôܳأ·ʲôʱ˼ˣⲻ׹𣡡
ǧѩΣǲʹʹó㲻һҲүϣѾ۸̧˰ˣƽʱҲˣٲ֣һֱװͿȥ
ŹĲ඼޶ˣҲѹ᲻ãҲҪԼõġ
˹
ŮعͷһƬ䣬·޴вˡعͷֻͻȻŴˣϲϣӣ޼ɵ
ȻûȵǰĶһĴУø磬
ֱ
һº·߳СԺԲ԰׵ϣ࣬۾СһЩֻһתۣ⿰Ȼ
·
Źֻһ֡Ϊ֣ΪĻָ·ڹŹĵãȹ˵һλϣȻһֱΪ׻Ƽ壬׻Ƽ巴·ΪľȨɽһսԶǸʮ߹Ūġ
ʱ˿̵·޻΢üͷԼڵռ䶼һ״̬УȻܶڣ봥ȴܿҪ֮ſɣһսӰ쵽
ֻ˷ܵǣʶһƬʣ˺ѾܵĿռָȥˣ˵ԼǽŰˣһ뵽ܹʹһҲû֮ǰʹ࣬
ģСүӲ
ʶȻѾ·ˣ·޿ɲץһԭиëһ壬ѪأϴκųôҲղȥ׵ĽһֻԶԶӵϣѪ֣·޲Žջصʶ
µ·޴ʶһ似˫һʮ죬㲻һ·վ⣬죬ôҲɲһѾн׵չܹˣǾǷɲҲ׷ѡ
Ȼ˿ȶȴûҪɶ˼
·޺Ȼе׹˺似ʱ򣬾ûָѧᣬֻ뿴ЦȻôô׵ľͽԼء
£Ժ·޽һĿˣһѡѡ͵ԴɽеԺ·޵Ȼ׾ͨˣһͨȴһһŮеĸ죬Ůλ壬׻㡣ʮͽһĳš޶ȻԺ˶ȥԴɽˡϰʮ޵޵ıȱȽǡ
ҪˣĻòһ£·ް涼ˮ
ôˣʡ
û£뵽Ҳһ̲סѹϸϸ˵
ǰȵһҲѾΪ˸ˡ
ǰұʹô࣬н㲻ҵġ˵
·ֻıĴϺݺӡȥҲ΢ģĿɬ
ߵһ·޻صԭ¡ҵļУĸѾ㵽סˡ·괺ۼŹھҪԶУǧҪֱ˵ҹٳʱһ£Ȼ˵޶Դɽ׼ң׺⹫򲻵ѣĽָǳġ׼ҵ·ҵʮ⣬ĸͷ
·޳һ֪ļһһ㣬û뵽ǿ㾳ء
ţ˵⻰ʱı飬һֿ̹ĵİˣǸһйʹ¡
ص½СԺ绨ŮڽǰĬĬĵ紺ҹˮѾЩˡ
˯ıû⣬Ŀĺø磬Ȼӵȥٲſ
ѾΪ·ҵһԱҵλһ㡣
ø磬ʲôʱǾͽ鰡ϲô
·޺Цһʮĺ̸ù죺ϲô
ǰҺС·С򡭡
ԼŮ򰡡·޺Խ
ʲôԣ㲻ʱôһоЦУܸ˵Ҿƺܲ
·
ø磬˵ӣ㣬ңҪң֣
Сأʲôʣˡ鿹顣
ʲôϵǾһӣʮǺǣÿĵģǡǺǡ
ʱͨ죬ˡ
̧ͷԭм󼫺쳯
·סҪ󶯸ɸļ壬ֻһԺ
ԺǰѾַǷ
վһ·Ҳʮˣһģ֪ۡվߵλǸ·ţƼһ·ֺ־н
һ壬Ｋӣȫͣĵɷ֡׻Ҫׯϴö࣬壬»ͣʼһǷǳ硣
ò׵ȵԺֻȻķһ·˸һ򶫷һ·ȥ
Хϵ·ޣǧ׸߿գٿ棬һоѾɼСŹԽԽСˡɽ׳ޣԶùãײţֻߵֻݺᡣ
ʮҺԺһдУ̸죬죬ҲԶͬࡣԣʼһפǧ˵ľսʿ
ʵòôģһλ¹˵ģ£˸ҹ
Źʥ


ľ 


183 ȥ
Խǧɽˮһ죬ӹмԺڡ
·λѧ࣬ǸҪ·޵ߣһϣϾһȺΧ
ÿһεѡͣһ죬дعŹĴԺԺġԺѧҲÿʱ֣״򲻶ĴԺĴ˫죬Ŵĵһ̡ÿʱ̣һЩпǳ뵽ԼģЩĹһĻĻȻϮ
ԹѧǣҲʱĵſſ᳤ľס
䣬ѧգǵԴɽ߳ͬԶ˾ʹһ
վһμ˫۾ȥ
׻ȣǴСӲݳģԾͷɢ֮ݵģխխСسɣʶȣһ˫ȸǳǵ֮⣬ĴСȱϸȱͬʶĿֱͦͬǰֱ۾Ϧ¾۽ȴﵽ˰ٷ֮һ
һΣֵֹʮ⻹⴩һЩĽ
һߵһͨɫ··޸棬һһҵĵķԸ
õһ͵˰ϷʳĸҲˣſΨ׻㣬ڣͷˣ΢üͷ
θôСʵ
һţλкͰѻԾĿ𣬡á׻һЦ
ʮˣԺҲó˴͵ĳ⣬κλƽʱСҲҪϰ֣ѾǳɫĲʽԵѾжعܵǽһʡ
ѵ˵λС͵ѧ벻Ļһλ壬һ
ǵľŹ¡ѧһֱûнܣǲϣ֦ʱݺݵǸһۡ
ܿ꣬˸һ䣬ţѧཫ·޵ķ䰲ŵ˹ĸڣĿһۡ
ల£ڶһ磬˾ˣԹĴԺֻ˵ֻΪԭֻ
ͬĽӹмԺﵽ޼ģʮҪһͬԴɽ
ӹ˿ںͬŹһóλޣʵеѧܡ
һᣬ°ӵһȺˣλõȻλţ۵ľеһλСˣΪǫѷСһ۾ͿԺĵ׻㡣ɱ
λһɼľټ͵ԺģλСԣҲմЩ⣬ʱ֮ͬ࣬ĴǣǰҪȥȻһ׻㣬ͣˡ
㣬һָҷסͷˤ˱
׻ָ£ڵĺˣǺߣŭˡñ˵ָü
ûôСѾŭȡ
Ҽҹ̫ǰһ
ߣǴӹļҵĹۣһ£ͳԺӣСѾ
ͬѧҪһѧģλȥɡѧȥȰ
һȥָѧࡰ￴ͷȻҲˡ˻֣аʮվ
ѧѹסŭԺ˭ԺҲλ㤣СĵȰȴȻĵġ
ǲΪλˣ˲ˣСѾѾ˹صܲ
Ҫ֣Сһûߵغĸ
쵱Ȼ϶˲ȵúܲң˵Ŀͬʱ䵽һϡ
·ޡ
·ſԺʮ˲ע⵽ԭ壬ͷľȻһֱŸͷԲվ˺ĻСӡ
Сӳúܳڣ⣬ҲʲôǾӢһ£һλҲʱô˾Ͳϵô򵥡οԵͷ
˶
·ȴ׻㣺ȥ
ȫȻ
ûףһ䣺ʲô
ȥ·޾ظһ顣
ƽó棬ڶһֻ˵
˰ε׻㣬˲ˮããһ˵ûеڶ·ߡ·񰡣֣Ժǳȥġ
ȥ˵
վһҾʹ㡣·˵ȥԹ˵
ΪȱνԵü䡣Ͼףǿջ
˺һȫˣĿһµϡ
վ˾̸ϻеֶ꣬ǲɵ⡣
СӲӦõǴͳһóĽۡ
Ͼ·Ĺֻ˹ȥһҲĶλСѾһ¡
õ㾢ûԷ𣡡СѾġ
Ҫһ£ǶȥһطȻˣûһ㡣·޵˵
һ


184 
һڡ
ܽгԴӹĴаʵ֣ͬ˵һãЩˡ
Ĳ⣬·ʵ
ˣСѾȻó˼Ǹô룬ק
񣬼ѧ࣬һʮͷ˸߿ա
ʱ׻㽾ޱȵ۾һ·ޣ澡ʧóֵģǹ
ΪܿԴɽû뵽;һСɹһձһλһͬ򶫷ȥ
ֹʮ죬һʮ˲ſççԲԣޱ޽Դɽ
ɽﶼǲ·뵽ʦţ֮һܶࡣһֱɽ˽ĸʱһƬ
󰡡
ﵽ˿ڵĴǣԶǧ׵ĸ߿Ҳı߼ʡطһǣֱһȡǸСҪЩԶԶһƬɽϣ֣ÿһʻӦʮɿµ֣Ҳúã
ã
·ʶʷߵλѧࡣ
ǰֽá˵˵ˣʲô֧·ʵھò˼顣
ԺͲʮ㲻ģԺֻ֮һ
˵һ·޴һ¡
⣬ָ似רҵзǣԺǽʦЩҪɽȥʲô似ﶼУҪΪ׵ľǼǾʹˣϱ߻һףǾףһ׺Ѷ壬ܳȥҲһĲֵΪ׵ԭһľ磬ȫʩߵΪ죬ԵڴﵽʲôףǾҪˡܴǵԼʵҲײͲˣֻ֪׾͵˾ͷû뵽滹һס
ô˵Ժ似Ҳǳˡ
ǰ½ϵķ鼸ʦзġﻹмʦЩ׵ܱʹ似ˡΪÿﶼܱһкֻһֱšȴȫսؼʿزٵװлࡣߣһӦȫʦ¡ﵹнһеʦҽʦ׬Ǯҩʦ֣Ժÿ¶Ҫɽޣ޾˺޵й̶۸ģֳɸ׸һǶҪԵ£ҲһַʽԺջϴѧԱд󽱵ġоǲҩˣԶɽһκķѺܴʳԹĶЩڸ̷Ƶꡢ¥ĳ־ȫиһ񲻵ġ
ʲô·޺ʡ
ܾʯ
ܾʯ
ǰӯʮֵܾʯֵӯ˰ٷֵܾʯֵǧӯǧֵľ㹻һ׵ܰ룬طǲߵãǺǡ
Ȼ˵ܾʯģ·Щƣܶˣ˭Ǯ͵ˡ
ֻͨʯ꾮ڣһʱͳ˾ʯˡ꾮Ҳʯǽܾ֮أԺһڣ˵ˣĻ̬Ӧڼֻܸ֮࣬ܲ
¡·ҡ֪Ҫҵ޻ġ
ԣһһҪסĸֺܶ࣬Ҫͷˡһص㡣
ٿޱߴǣ·޾ǰ·ˡ
չһգȥͬʱµĻ⼸ֻǵĶͲҲͬʱֻ񣬷οȥܹ죬֪Ǵĸȷġ
һƬ㳡ʱ㳡ѾҪ뿪ֻݵվһ𣬳ģ½󣬹ȸ֪ж١
㳡·ҵĴ䳡ѾǹģǰˣվоһǸСϷ㳡һЩǰ޴ÿһҪ˲¥ùӴ˵һȺˣŴ󷽵壬ȿݣȷݣһࡣǲɫϣһųĻ
ĶǸľӢÿϸһдǸֵı飬Į
֮£·һˣ½ǵ
λ˵ĸоͬҵǧ
ָоĹ·˲١
ͬмԺһȷ⣬Ҳû˿ʸ񣬸ĿǽǮһһĿķã·Ϊǵһɽկɽ¶Ȼ֮Ц̹Ȼӹ˵ȫƲȻרǵȥȷԼķ䡣·޾ϲķ־ȻÿѧԺˣͬסһƵСԺӡԺǰԹŹ꣬һϲӭǡ
˶Ƕʮ꣬һƱˣȡ


185 ·
ʦǸѧ񣺡һСѧð
֣ۼҹ£ѧϹ
λѧֶհСܴ
ģھΪѡһ˵˸˸ųǴĳ뷨Թ뷨˵Ȼڡ
¡һϳɵĽйάȻǹάҵ֧ӵܡһһС壬磬ᣬ·һС·޸оһ˿
죬Ҫչһ¡ѧĳĽֻǲԾĽ·ųչ֮УλͷȻ£Ƕλʶʲô֣صĿ˿λеѧܡ
λѧһѧеЦݣִһëȥ޺
ͬסһԺλѧֻչ˹ֵڵ·޾Ĵ
ѧԺʱֱҲû߳Ժȥ⻹ǵѧԺطͿһЩȤ£һЩ˳ûڸԺ֮䡣ҳǼҽǮʶʲôϿظϡ·ιô
·һ˵ͷһĵù
ǵãϿ쵽ֵܻύǮˣȥվͲˡ
·Ҳûʣֻǵͷһ˲ȵĵС
ȥ
һΣֱ˽סǻõġľһˣ·޴۽磬֮߳Ժڽʶ
ҪǮģǮƺѧԺһܺõãΪͿܾʯǿʵʵĺö
ڻصСԺſڣ泳ļֱ·һţһ״
ͬŹԺĶȫˣһЩģҲ˺öࡣ棬ͬһԺܺõĲˡ
һȺվԺУһ˲һ壬һŹĳ˴һ״̬£Ƕλ˵ĸأά·飬Ѫ
ɱǡ˻е
УһרŶĺֹסĽܾСһš
·޽ȰҲˮһ
·硭ɥ
ˣԺʮһ㶣СǮ˵ԽԽףֱƴܹĴֻƴ¡ʮͷʹû뵽һСǿҴѾ˺ܶǮĹάһˡʮ˵ϡ
ҲͷСڿһλ߽ʱȴ޵úûϣһ
³쳣ɵӡ
·޿˿ǣ˷ˣǮȥгƵ˵һù
˵ʵֱûУ
ѡƷһ۸ڶȵʦţΪһ̤߼ԺĴţѾΪˡ
⸱ӣʮ˺ΪȻ
˵𣿡һֱ۴ߵСбۿ
һҲٽģġ·ЦúûûΡ
ã˺ʶ壬Ϊ߰ԺǮ㸺Ͻʮ֮һɵġ۸㣬ֻҪһ߰ˣû˸Ҷˣ𣿡
·ͷл
ָָϵ磺Ժһְ͹ˣԺԺ¶˵㣬Ƕһˣ𣿡
·޽ӣǴʧֱĿɿڴˡ
⻹Ǹ·ôһ֮ɽǧ˷ţµһĻ仯Ѫꡣ
ɿСͬţﳤȥع·Եһ˫Ѫ۾㻹·ôʣȻһڴѪҺϡ
·ɫѿ벻һŪôһ
㲻ٰĹˣԹ˵˲ʲôðġ˵Ļλϡ
·޲ҲȥϵҺǸõĹάһҪ϶ӣ
һάһˡ
ԺΪʲôǺΪô
ǹܲԺһɣ߰ֵܣϰˣкܴ󱳾ģ㲻֪ԺͲһԴûԺڸˣԭͲˣϹܣԴܵԺȥԺһʧôܴﵽ޵һҲôˣһСɾͶˣѹõģһܼ٣Ժܲ˵ġ˵ҲܸԺһЩôӼеһ𣬴ĻԺĿڴܾʯ似Ͷȥˡ
Ҳɣ˯޺ơ
Ҳ죬Ҳ̫ģҪǹȶ֣Ҳᷢ¡
·ͻȻ뵽Ǹѧࡣû뵽ȥһᣬˡ


186 
ãףڸңİһȥݰݣȻǮʡ£ǵøʡСϺһϴ󽻣Ӧòһٰɡ
ڲ㳡һЩѧԱڵʦָ£ڹ㳡һЩ򵥲ãǸѧʽ
·ڹάĴһСԺ䣬˵СѾȹŹԺ˲֪ٱǰһᣬиѧܳ
ǰǸԺȥɣ߰ŰڽմｻǮƣپû˸۸ˡ
ǼϴôǺܾãһհķɡ·һЦ⡣
һƨϴôʱǣǺǣ߰ɣﲻĵط˺ܲ
ά·޶ֻǰԺȻһԺӺ˽棬ܶˣȴûм˵ģһƣЩϴˣԸ˼ûС
ǮһӸһӣ滭úܲһֻߡ
ҵԺŴû˸۸ˡ˺ܲͷظһ仰
˳Ҫߣ·޺Ȼһ˾վԺſڴ¸˿ӣдţֻҪʮӣһǡͬļӷĽ¡д֣ü¡
һʮ꣬ϳɣ΢ݣŸһ㣬˵ܺᣬһüչӡ
һ£άϳѪ·ȥܹ˵Ҳͷˣ
̧ͷһۣͷ˵ͻˣ㾧ʯһ¡˵·޿һۡ
·ͷһݣ۹ֱ͸һ㣬˲Ҷӡ
ߣӦڰ˽һϡͬ۷һսߡ
վ߰ſڴǵ⣬㹻˵ǿȥǡ
˼磬Ѿ棬ҪҪĻﻹһЩ͸ɡ˵óʮһĴŵУһЦҲûƴǣֻµһӣݸά
άϵʱһϲӹһл·ˡ
׬ˣ˺ԶЦ
ѽ·
еԺһһαŰǰóġԺǰǰʮܴﵽް˽ףҸǣҪ£ǰǾԹ۵ģǿλʥǻ߰ˡҪȻһǲҵطӵġ
ʥף·ʡڻض׵λϣǴһʱ˲һף˵ȥڻͣʥ׵ļϣֻǱġ
Ӧװɣ˵ͻˡ
ʥֻŵ˵ϣԺѽ·˵
ǰϧˣֻͣĽϲҲ֪ëΪԼǸأ֪̫ԶˣŹһԺԺֻŵʮϣȻҲۼԺ֡ûеӰֻۣʲô취Сѧܣ˼ǿģȰһ䣬ǧԼſûţֻţǲˣƴҲǱȵ
·޺ͬĿλͬ磬뵱Ҳλ緢꣬ȴ⸱С

ߺߡ
ʲô
ǰһ˭·޸
зǷСܣʡּһ䣺ʮʣǷΪԴɽõ塣
ڶ˭·Ϊһֻʮˡһ䣬û뵽ȴ˸Ϣ
ڶǰ׼ң׺ļ塣
ʱͣ˽Ų·ɫеס
⹫
ԺյȻûǧˣԺһٶ˾ʮֵۡͷΪһûôڣӪ֮Ĳһ㡣ԴִԺ֮һٶ껹ԴץٵһΡ
̨ϣͷı֪
궯˵Ѿڡĵڲֵ̫࣬ԺҪԺ磬Զı߹˷ԺΪˡ
ѧ̨һʱܵ˵òˣվ˵λԺϡ
һѾѧིĥһʱѧԱ˵ͬѩϼ˪̫һʱȴִͷС۾Ȼ˳
³죬˾һٿϼҲȻγһϲָмı顣
񡪡ܴĽŲģӭ㳡һȺˡ
ȫˣȫһֻԽ򣬲ȫУˣûصȫˣ˭ҲԸͷŰ
񣡰׺䰡Ⱥﴫ̾


187 Ѫ
·һۼԼѪף⹫Ⱥ֮ǰһ۾ϵóŮֻ֣ҪһܿóӰӡ
ºһȻһЩȴ棬Ӣˣߴһװʮ࣬ѣ·ֻصĲڶֱˮһ㡣
·۾ЩɬСûүүѪǵһλ
ȥΪ֮ǰŪΪʲôҳߡ
׺ʮ꣬ǽɷڵҲǷǳĳڡƺ׼ҵѪͳûгóģһһӢˡһϾ
찡ʲô
ϺȻİиڵϣһ졣
һŮ˵ĺ棬΢ͷһһţ
˺̡ѪϴԣľжǸεĹ
ʮ˾ӣ̰㵭ɫͷ׵˼µһ۾ˮˮﶼƽһˣ΢ëֱСӣһŻһķɫ촽ΡһĸӣϢģխС˫磬ȴûһ˿һصȴһֲɵ֮ϱ¶쾡£ͬɽһѹͷϡ
Ů
ǰ׼ҵô
˵ʡ
·޵˵һͣԼѪҺٹ죬ȼյȡһΪһŮ֮һһСұƵĶϲŮӲͬȻȻǿҵĺɶɣ̼ðһȥ
Ǳðɣ
񣬸л׼һδ͵ӸԺ治֪ôлźáԺϻ̳Ͽֵı÷ǳ
̫ˣĳ·Բˣ¡
ﻰҡ˸ôͷе졣
ߣҵ֮Ǽҵ⼸СʲôԺǺʲôʱҲԺˣԺĲҵصĶҪܵӰ졣׺Ӣһ⣬۹͸һϡ
ǰһһԺ̫ˣԺߵĵʦʹﵽ˶ʮϣȥеĲҵܵġؾԺΪƶģҪԵԼֵĿˣò˶õġͷп
⼸СֵĸʦУùǣһλ׺λСλ뽻Сѧ£֪ûв㡣
ĻУ׼ҵ˶ҪŵõѧģλȻϰܣȻҪСУҲ˵ġݵԺȻóλСϰܣһ·
С࣬Ժܵһˣеʦܵǿġ
ѵλѧԱǰ׼ҵĸߵôԺʡ
ǰ׼ҵĿˣ㲻ںҼҵǼСӣһλҪտһ¡׺˵
ŶȻͷĿһǸһĹ
·һ
ʽŽУǷѧԱһʦʮŶһһȡһķȥȻǹŹԺѧԱҲĺã·޺ķֵһĵʦλͷԵĿһۣȻȡһֻƺɿļһڣϽ𡣶Ⱥù˵ˣҽӵĵһѧԱһúý̵ǵģܻӢģˣ
ʮп޵ġ
ԭһһֱںԺһЩӵ£ʵǵʦ㵽˷ָĵزֻðǧѡĳһҲһҲǸеĵСֻϧȾƵĶ֮ǰĹγһУβǵ¶˳
·޵ں˭̵һֻ񼶿ռģڹ似ʲôģⱲӶò꣬ĻҪֻװģ̹Ȼĸһҡ
ҵǸֻѧԱ㣬лһ㣬ǵҺ
һŸɼĵռ䣬ʮСӣмһŹǵĵʦ¾ߵġֻʮ˸ˣ˹ŹˣǴӹˣپƱ߹֮Ƶ¹ˣܹ࣬ˡǾԽһЩҲ֪ǲԭ⼸еĿһеţһλմһλȻǵ죬¾ŵʦһȴѡһȬѧʱ͵ʲõ
˵ȵ¾ÿ϶
ӹλΰȻ֮Աǡ
ĸģλﻹ˴ô
ģҵȭͷʹ㣡λĽ
ǵԹ֪һ£СѾͷܱˮֱ֮⡣
Ҫ֣һֱӵĵʦԼְ˵ȱ𼱣ԺͬǿԻսģֻǵԺ˼ල³ô͵С㳡ȥȴһ˭˭ǵѧǿǲã
˺Ȼкá˾Ȼһ𵱳
ʾղء


188 ֮ս
С㳡ʵϾһ֮һյءʱ򣬷Ѿһˣ·һ۾ͿǸӰһȺϰܵŮм䣬Եüէۡһλ곤ŮӴǽƬСյ
Ůӳһ㣬΢Щ֣ǽģԳһɫ
һλȵ¾Ÿһλʦ¾̫ˣ
ѧԱߵǣλʦ󣬵¾žСǴһһЦĿˡ
ðСʦǲٺ١֪ǻǾͲˣһѧϰѧϰɡ
Ҳ٣ʦôܹһԱ޿˵
һȺ־ѧԱһʱĵĿ͡λŮڣ·޺ܸһֱš
ܵõҵĿ⣬ǸŮƳĿһһɨ첻ͬһ̨ҪٶͬʱҲߵġ
·ʱȻҪһ£һҲ˵Ҳ׵Ĺ
Ŀһԣ̷ֿˣһ֮ķֿٶнģνˣһûһ֮Ŀˡ
ﶼһ
δѧԱעĿϣܰڻɷֻߡ
˵ʵʶܵĴʲôͻƣǸûʲô츳ĲŻȥҪöࡣ
ܰ໨ǣܱÿǳÿ˶ͬۻҵ似赸չ
Ŀ
һλˮСֳܱʱȫһһȫɫͷ׵Ļɿףߵ廨꽣ǰܹ⻷˸
̫ˣܾȻܷųĶСҲǵһοһӶﻹսŮɢѼĽȴѵؼܱѸ߼߽׵İٻХʩչ󣬴ҲףֻǺÿ򵥡
ܵУÿܱӣͻȻɢһƬһ죬簵һΧȥһػ
׷ܣֻֻλŮһ͵Ŀ
ܰͬѧͿʼоλŮĿŵֻʶ
ֻʣһˣŮ³
һ³·޾һʱʶֻеһֱܲվĵطҲв֮ǰʮûйġ
һЦŶԷһһ·ͻ֡
ǾȻһʺ磬ȫΣȻԷܱһǿռŤȻȻתСർʦߣҲ໰ȥ޸һ
罣Ѿ侪޵ڳ
罣Բῴ˵νͨ͸ϸܵ˶ĿӦǰ켶
·ûܱȻҪʮ㣬;̶ȶԣҪѷһ
Է廨ѽ׵ȥͬѽ뻨ԣ黨ͷףǰѸղݺأɨһеĻһҲ
·֪ǸֵʶѾˣֱӻܱľѹķʽһܴĿͷ
ϣʲô鲨ֻЩǸȻĳˮͷ
СԸӣȻɫ
ãеѧ벻սѧǡһվһߣڹλõĵǡЩ֮ˣǵĵϸ
ҡҡͷλŮ˵Сർʦ󣬲մһ˿ľ뵡
߼ǲͼսģЩʧСûǿ󣬶ǳλ޳ܻʦȺĵ¾ŵ֣˼ǵˣɡ
ɱλհСƺУȻһʱһھǺںǱ
ãáȡȡʼսĻֱۡ
λʥˣܲѹھơ
һϣ˰죬Ѿ͡
˭ѧ͹ߵ͡
¹еһ߳¹һΪʥÿҹɫĺˮӳһɫ磬һ֡ںף棬̩񰲣念̩޲顣
¹ʥʥʢ˾ʥߡֺֽ꣬һֳ֣һˮܵһף䣬ˮܲ㵴
ǽֵҲϻһо¡
֣˫һ
ɳһȴ֮ͬǰܽͬÿùͷȻһ˷ֺֿȴվԭûжս
¡
ָӣ޵Ĵ򶷻̫ڼˡ
أǣֵһƬƷϣһƬ֮ϡ


189 
¡
ֺһ׳׳֮⡣
·ˣɫѿûʲô󰭡
ƺ¹ǿģһûǰ
ǴӹλĹָеһλȥ
ü۵ȥˣȲԱȴֺҪԼö࣬棬һӳ֮⣬ҳͦĿ
һӣ¶۰׵һֱˣ˵һ£ı£һ̸ֻڵĹֵɫľԵĹֵ·֮Ʋֹ΢΢Ǻơ
һλûߵŮЩ͵˵ҲŮĴ򣬻ˣ
ҲŮģ̡û뵽ԸңѾһȥһ־ֵıɱ似ؼͽ׵İ׾ֱֻŵǰһһ£ǰһƬɫ⣬뿳ƣһľ£׾ȴǹⰻȻǰȳһֻľΡ
ӵеؼ似ΪĻʼȨõó
һ뷨ǰЩȫֻſѪ泯졣˾ҲҲͷͦţ
һ̧û÷ȥӣǵⱩһ߼߽׵似쭶
ӣȻ΢̣еĹֵѾ˱仯һĸ״Ȼȥ֯״ǿܲҲ֮һܱȻĳ࣬ͬʱľܣܱԽ󣬺ԵܲҲʹöࡣΪʲôܱԽ߼Խ޴Եɡ
䣡
Ⲩͳս棬ɢϣѾһƬ״ı޹ĺۼȻǹеǼĽ
վ⣬״ǣǻеսһ汯׳ǲܹһСģǸѪҲСٵͬʱѾһս֮ġĿÿ񱩣Ҳأٵգ¡
һ磬ĵ˳ܲﵽ⣬ﵽ׵ܵܵĿһĻչֱֱ£¡
Ϊ֮һֻڳ˸
·Ϊ֮һӦһһؼĹԼ˳ȥ似ȫͷţȻﵽ㾡ȫҵĵز
һ·ޣҲҪһܺһЩ
һߵС¾ţѾܣһвԣͻ֡
ȫĿⶼ䵽˹ϡ
ֻһͻȻ˫æģָָۣ۴磬һȦȦܲʹһ˫СϲƳһġɫ״Ѿ֯һٶܣֻǶǰȴһͦḷ̌
ֻƣеܶļʽֻǽٶܺͷųȥ
ŵٶܣӭƬ⡭
䡭
ľм׷ɣˣ
Ǿһܵģʵǹٶܣûһˮྡྷ䵽˹ϣȻѾ·飬ֱͳ֮⡣
Ȼվţһ̵ķϾŭˣѹ
ѾģҴң
˹ȥ
·һ飬ǿú΢ֵжΣһףԴֵܵǰ˸Ұ׵ӡЩ쳣ǰأŪòӿ֫ǹŵģ׵ҫۡҲƷ
ͬڳ¶СȻȫȻ˵Ŀ⣬һ⣬ƻȥһҾ徵һĻ
һܷŹˣɫѿصıһײڵأ׵û۵ĴȾͺﵽϣצ˻ţֵСȭͷ䵽ϡ
£ԺﴫΪһμѻһ󣬻һ۵¡
Ŀɿڴ֮Сܹȥһֻƻͼһϣһ˦䵽ϣ
ʧǵĵ¾ѾȳǸͷУһ֮ǰһ죬ͷҲصˡþܵҲ첻
ƻ¶壬˫ֿϣܻĶסŹλ壺㲻һֱôҾ˺㣬֪˭ǹûǰķŭзй
׻Сʱһףܲһ˵ƣѾȷԼĶֻ֣ÿǸһֱȻųص·ϡλȻǰ޹ء
ߣţǴ򲻹㣬һɱ㣡׻˻һ·޾;òˡ
ǹŹ˰ɡм˵ͬʱ·ޣԵ֮סѵ㣬Ǿͷù̵㲦һ¡
·޿Уһ˿еı仯û


190 ܾʯ
ιǲӺеľһսøס
·޺Ȼҡҡͷ˵䣬㵱ϴɡ
ʲô
׻ֱԼĶ䡣
·磬·ްôѾͷǰ䣿ͺˡ
ʲôһС£ֵôܵġ·˵ܴﵽʥףС࣬¾ţ̫⣬һɱҲõڶУԴɽжǿĴڣ⹫ǽУһλǿ̫¶âĿͷͳԹˣһ·ߵڶΡҪ񣬲ʲôһĲֵѧǾҵޣزٵĵֲ룬õռ䣬ȻԼڸ޷ռʥϣվֱģԲԸ⿴ġ
ǿ£Ҫվ۷֮ϣЦ
ֻ²Ϊ֮һСڴʱ˿̵ơ
·磬СŵĴƻٿ·磬Ȼ޽ӣܸһͬԴɽһֱΪҾΪ£Ҿ벻ףĹ꣬ôͻ޶ԣڴӹҲˣ£Դɽһɱǧߵܵȥˣÿ˶Ķ֣СѾͷֻҪ̧һ̧֣ͿΪʲôΪʲô̰
һ羪һͷһɱǧߣôܣ
С࣬¾ţƻ˵Ŀⶼ䵽һϣƽ糣Ц˵ӻ˵Ǹ˲ң
˵꣬޳תȥˡ
ռȻĲܰڻһƬ㵡
ƻһѪʶһܵж
˫ޣ¾ţáʱСλ˵
λܾԺų˵ʲô
ѧնӹŮѪоͷ׳ĵʮ˸˵ͷ
ûģر죬Ůͷϴ򣬻ͷ˺޾ڡڸ޴۵ͬʱݺݵĴִ˲ƣ
мµһ£ֻǻеСŮԭǵҾڱѧԺ༶Աߣھӡĳбù죬Եʧ٣ͳ̾ĮҲòôˡ
ڵڶͿʼˡһϿΣΪʦĵ¾žͻһԶģһ
ЩǸ߼߽׹ǿѡһ
ǰһٷееİײˡ
ԴɽĹ᲻µģȻ˵ãһ򿪺󣬸϶ֳһݿϲȻԼĹҪ࣬·°빦
·޻صԼС䣬ʶ˿һľĹ似·ҲٿԼ˴ϢľҲˣ׹ϣԽԽᵽķͬ졣
¾ó˴˵еܾʯһָͷСӨ͸ģõ춯
ʮ˸˹һ뿴ǰߵ̨ӡ
ܾʯ
ܾʯҽĶͼģʮֵܾʯÿʮ
ڲۣһ
һ죬ÿһšԺ͸ѧԱģѹҪģ͵ˡ
ʮÿǰһšСţ·ܸоڵģ񱩵ܡ
ģ̲סʡ뿿ʯӣ֪ⶫ
һ뿴ʦ
ԺԺСɽɽһ֮˵ҲȻҲҲһصǰеġһʯȡ֮ʯҲеľʯ塣ԴӵһֻپʱҵͶ뾮ڣԻ̬ͲϵдﵽûͻƵڼǧ˾ͶУڣѾǧͷԻ̬档ϵľʯʵϾǾڵʯڳȡ޿ܺͬɫŵӡÿ£ԺڵˣͻԾ룬ȡ񾮱ߵʯתľʯȥϵܾʯԴм±ǣԺԺأԺгϰأðȻ룬֮ݡ
Ǹطǽزǹˡ롣
ҺԺڣԺĴʱ˵ıչܴ֮ŵģ¾˵
ڣһĳǿߡ·޴ûʶļܾ޵ֵزƾ벻ġ
·ްյ¾ŵʦָ㣬ѧԱһ𣬽ܾʯ˫֮䣬иԵḶ́һɿ񱩵ֱӴ˫ֽڣسﴦﴦСѾһӱһ꼫ϸСѿ壬˺ҲСʼշһСܲתֱעСռ䣬Сѿ΢΢һ£һȴãӦó·޵á


191 
ʮ˸¶ϲǵԤࡣֱּӣֻҪǮ࣬ɼķǵĿ˳ϣ
ʦȥһˣĶӣʯ֪Ժ᲻ɡŮʡ
ʱķƣÿϴĴһЩ鱦ǳصӡ¾мţȥҸӵĵط
ȻԣôԺķΣȫбϡ¾˵
İжȹ
磬Ժˣǧˡ
󶼺·޼һȥ⣬ʶʶνõĿ
þã¥ֵƽԭҪ١·죬õɫװΣɫ˴ɫ·Щ˵ԣҲˣķԶСû˴ţλ磬߳ȥ߲ˡ
Уάһұ꣬鱦ٳʱ˶˸ˣǼе̳һΣкóԵĺľͶԣֱ䵽ɫ˲߻Ժ
ԺſڣȺĻعֳһˣǸһ·һռŮӣһϮ㲻մţվ˴߹󣬰׶޳ĲֱֱͦţɫǰȻģһˮ
·õԼĵһ£ͣĽŲҲ֮ͣ٣㶵ĿǸӰ
ʶģ˴վţǸܵһѹһ̧ͷӭһӵ۾·ޡ
˫۾Ķ˺¡
˷Ƕ࣬Ǵʱ˿Ҳ٣ܸѹеȴֻһ˫۾
·˸£ͷ
ʱһλһµŲɵ˲ʮˣƽʱţ죬˸˵ʮ䣬һˡλԺǰһϯ֮صġʱȴԸƨɺ棬Һܵ۵һù
ãһȥɡԻЦһӢͦϣȻݡ
֮·һ̵óĽۡ
ʶ⹫ľλǰһλ׼ҵ꣬Ѿﵽ۷ʮ֡ʯ
ǲмڴԺģҪȻҪš
һЦһЦȴ㵹һƬз·ɱʯòɱһܵǡ
Ŀ·޵Ľһһ΢΢һü
ôһϲŭֵļһüͦ档
ûʲôʱֻǾǸ˸ǰ׼˵м󡣡
һοһ·ޣһ󣬵Թܶ࣬ȫͬġ˵֪λҲλܸ֣ϸֻҪҲõ
һ̧ͷȴ·޲ûпǣһ˼ˣһ𾪵Ŀ򶫷
Ͼ֪ΪʲôˣǸкܲ
λǿ
ܿ죬߾ͳǰ
·޿ǰûѪȼˡ
һֻޣһƥǣ
һֻܳʮ׵׵ĸ߶ȣͲᵥֻһͷˣǾһ׵ľ룬ԺĴǰľצ֮£ζƺԳء
ëֱѪëȥͬȼգһβƺһ˫ûи˫ۣѪͫ磬ĺ⡣޴ѪĴ죬е͵͵˴УܷųڵĿռ䶼ۿɼĶŤʮվסˡ
һɵ˵࣬ҲֻǶԺţ壬û¶ȵ۾ֱֱ档
Ȼûһ̤
ڻƻٵӰǰﱼ
Ǵ̫ܲˣһӦʥ֣һʱҪﱼ׷ʲô¡
ڵѾȫ˵˰֮⣬ĿֻͻȻҪʲô
ʱ˿̾Ϳ˵Ϊ¡ȫģվԶľ͵ģǰ߼λ޵һ֧ſǵѹ
Ѿ˵⣬ʯһۻҪǰһλǸһȻֲܾ꣬״ظСҲתǸꡣ
ʱ·ޣԼһ絽ǰһٸһȫŪôֻܵפأҡڵ޼ɵģҪʲôأ
ǳ˵ģǴһͶһֺ⡣
һ֪ܲܵõռ䣬ֵðգҲҪ֪յʲô̶ȡֻǵľצ£·޾ԼһҲòһֻϡ˺սֻͬǽ֣ȻԼÿʦҲֲ˵ڶѹԵĸоû˿ġ
ֻô


192 
һ·ǰһϮۣͨߴ壬ʮĿݡ⹫׺䡣վ˰ʯǰͬʱҲ·޵
ˣˡ·ͷһ
Ѫף⹫汲ΨһܽӴõľүү粻ˡ
˲·ǰλһ˲ʮӣչһԺɫ˫ͣڰգȶų
˵Ѿ˿ĵز֮ʱһġ༸λǼµˣеϵĿģɲ
û˼Щѵһ·޽ŵϵֻϡ
˭ʰʯĿ䵽Ǹڿеϡ
ǷķǷСʮһϵһ似ûʲô˲ġʯ˵Լܲʮûס
ǸǷļһջĿ⡣
ԺѾӭ˳Ժܲ»ҹȻҲڿվסȴûıʲô
Уǲ߾ı֡
ǻͷ˿ˡĿܲмͬΪ˼֮һλܴǺҪߣȴû¡ǰԵ̫Сˡ
ʲô£Ժʵ̬ȹ
ǿߣ㻯ǿ˵
ĪԺʵͲµţ֮ѾʮֻȻѾꡣ
ԣλ۷壬а꣬ٲܸͻƣڣҽɢ꣬ðˣͷѹ
ţͻڣɵð˰֪ʦ˼ң᲻ءԺͷһۺԺķʱ˵ıչ֮ҲðȻӦ㣬οֻаʱ䣬ܲͻƣҪǿԼԵġ
ףֻڳǿߣиأܡ˵Ҳڵ㻯ģͻҶڰֲһöռ䣬һ˵Ļ꾮ڣҲУҲڻɢ䣬ͬʱҲܶԺ
Ժδ˵һ·쳹⼸׵Ŀռ䡣
УĴﵽ۷ĵһλͻƵϣҾͰһ¡ǵǰͻأĳһֿռ𵴣Ȼξңÿ˶ĸӦǿأһӰӺԺڻƵĻ﷢ӨһĹâ
һλΣԺԺڶһֱֱʮ׵ĸ߿աͬһĴǰ
λǿ
ȥʮģϡüëͷǼ޷һ˫۾ܶӣɲ⡣ɱΣ·޻ǵһοоֻҪһָϾԼĴ֮ءǿ˲˼ľء
μڴˡ
λһͬӣ
Ǻ䷢͵͵ʣ͵ķȥͷء
лǿ
һٰݹ
Ȼһ𣺡ʳǿߣֲ룬ֻԺڲô
עĿڿеλǷСʱѾһˣͬĺɫͬ緢˳ҲΪƣֻȴҪСö࣬ʮ˾ӡе̳һʥǷСܡ
ġǸκ
ġһ˹ȥЩȴҲмֵĽġȥȴʲôҲֻһһ˾ͻأĳߣһֻСḧ
һŮˡǿĿռ䲨ÿһˣλǿһͷǵĳǿߣ
Ҳ
·޾ǵĳˣ̬ǳ˵ʵܲˡΡС޹ǣĽС磬վʮߵߣСӤ
ӾЧҲı䲻ֻС֣ȡ¡λ۷壬Ҳһ׶ѡһףȻͬľ磬ƿȻ֮ǿڿη꣬ô
ţ·޿ӣǸŮˡ欣¡
ʱˣͻƣʱʵȻΣһߴߴӺԺڰգƾ裬ȴƽأһ̧ߣһǼ׵ľ롣
ͬγһֻ⣬ȥͦͨһλߡ
Էλǿʱ˻Գ


193 ֮Լ
㻹ǳˣǿаôЦСֻֽצһֻŪ
ǵöԵǶҲʼˡ
˵Цˣ˵ҵĺԺѾץܶˣҲ˵һܾʯüۣѾõһ壬Ժû˸СֻҲޣؾѵõģϣ顣
һͣһʱͷҲף޵Ѱ㻯ģȫܵԺˣҲȥ׽ǸʯͲһֻ޴ڣʯһҺͰ׼ҶС׼ϹʱµĹžжޣ¾׺СҲ֪ҾͲǺֻܿţͻƹƿۿõһļûһ·ˡ
ءôῴһأѾλˣ粻ǿܱȣÿЩʱ˵
˰ɣͷ㵹ǿˣΪʲôֲռĲǺҵأҪԺôǷСӶ˵ˣҲõһĻء˵ţڿһۿеǶλֵܡͬ˽
Ǻǣ˵Ҳԣֲ£һܵ˵ģοһλ޻λ۷壬һСģ֮ǣһҲ˵Ҳġ˵ץҲмλˣû˵е˽ֲܹ룬Ϊʲô
ߣûɵԼҵӸɱǶ׽ģֲǳǱģҪǲֽŻҼӵܣǲŹأЦ
ǰҪǳԱĲУλ˵ģһңȻҪԺһλʵĵӣź˵ءʱʼչ΢Ц
ߣһʱĺڣЩˣҿǻǴһܵĺãô򣬲ڣȻ˵
һ£ǰǰɵܲ·޵˳ʮײվס
ʱ˺ǺһЦ˵ҿɲԺˣҪȥҴԺ
򣡡˵
Ǻǣǣʱ˲²ûһżӣҲһ򲻻ֵļʽһھһսҲܴʧݵĴһҲûĶ֡
һԡ¶ԺһķԺһ˵㿴ɺãλԺ۽ΣҲܼǰԣռһһ񡣲ѡͶ´ޣվ֮ˣ˶ȻԷϵֲ롣Ҳ㹫ƽֻڶʮһÿ𣿡
һ󣬺ڿһλչķǷСܣ˵ҪǸСˡ
ǷСһЦ˵ҿԲμӡ
һ㵣漴׹ѾλʣʮʣҪҲʱϵ£ͷҪԷϵðյ£ο֮ǽ˵ܳ񣬶ĶʧȴǼµġλ֮ûܵԶԶΪãһʱڴӮֻ׸
ñͲȱžԲ뵽£м
ʵϣּ֮࣬ԭܾʯİżԽߣʯԽ΢Сﵽʥ֮ϣٽͱ쳣ѡʯİԺˡڷǷСõľҩʦƵıҩ
Ǽ۸ýɽ㡣
ΪһһļѪģʮһԾﵽ˸߶ȵļ֧š
ȥ˷ǷСܵһ谭ڿϣļﵽʥӵܾˣϣǵͷ˵ܺãҾͷŹСȵǾͿ˶˭һЦ˵һ仰ռֻһѾԭزˣǶ
ʱ˿Цһ£벻λڴˣ治һǿᣬ治֪ʱ򵽵ĵʲôĽƽϣ
ɣǸһֱԼĿ˵
һתһ߽ڰǴʱѾԾ𣬺Ĺһ磬Ӵţһ¾ʧǵһ
÷ǷСǿϣ𣿡ǷСĸ硣
ȥʯ纣еһλǰǿǵģͽӦóʮˣòſڡ
ǷСܵͷֵܶ˳λйһչˡ
˼ҷߣ·һۡԼҲһַмϧɲֻǼֱǸԼ׼ģ·޿ǵĵһ۾ȷĿꡣûҵģ
ҪֻһڰԼﵽһҪоѹƣȥȡռ䡣
¾𣿡׺ʷͷ


194 ɽ
Ȼֶ֪λ֮ˣǺǡֻԺ£ȴø̣ͷΡ
׺ͷĶӣ˴ӳڵȺòöӼⳡԥƻͷ뷢ڶϡ
ԺһĴԺͷľǣñԺ˽ߣȻԺһʺأ
λҾⳡͻóǿĴۻˡ
еһˣ㲻մһ㣬ֱ̣ʮ·óǣһƬɽ֡
Ǽʮ·ȥɽֳһƬɽˮéݣһƬȻǸũԺ䡣һŽټݣҲǧĶûԺǰ˵ͺȣ˭
񼣣ƥ¡˺һ䡣ʣ²ֱͣʮԺ䣬һͨͨСԺǰվסҪţȴԺĴһλТ֮ˣ
һ㶣ʵ˭
ŵ˻عͷ¹֮£λֻˮˣһϵãʵô⣿
ֻǿ
һТ˵ԽԽѿʱ˵˵ĵܻˣȥ𣿡
˼æݡ
һ飬յһƬĹ⻪ǰŶˣһüũһҺʵҲʮ£һһۣ쳣еȸӣòͣĿâҲڲزס
磬磬˹
ţصòˣǸũָָһߵӡ¡
Ժˣ˵ǰиԣľͿֲռ䡣磬ƥ۷壬ҲûˡܷŹλᡣ
ŶǸ۷壬һĻᣬɽ˾ܷŹ˵
ߣǸԺˣɽ˾ֻɽһˡũ˵Ͽκв
˭Тѵ˵ʵ
˵Ǹϲģ˵һҵˣȻŵĶû£ʮѪ˵ûûˣҪȥ̽ң֪Ȼȫû˵ǱһʮСӸģҲǺˣôȥʲôﰡΪԴɽôһʥ۷壬ԴˮˣȥĴ򣡰ҪҸ𣬿СԺԺʱͷţ˭ҵŰѽ˵һֻΪһ׼һСĲҲУڴδ֮ʱþͲ֪ǵĴڣС£ֻܵȵ˵ͿŲһˣ
ũЩϻ
һҪģֻʱȥȰһ£ѯ
ǸڣСӳԺķΧȥȰɣҴӦǸ·ļ̫ĳй˵һ仰ġũ˵
ǣүĴӦţֻһѾԺӡ
үıߣСڡλ˵
ţϲңҲøҵ̫ˡȻȥɣһ֮ҵҲáǸũ˵
ǣү͸ˡ˵깪˳
֮˻񣬺Ȼռһ͵һһĶϡӨһߵ΢΢Щͼ˳ϣһũϣͻȻϣ֮ľɵ顭
ʼļ죬¾û˵Ϊʦĵ䷶ʹԺ༶ͷЩʵϧӾˣСƺͳƵԽԽ죬־ʹĹˡ
֮ǰĺĴɽĵʦΪһϻ죬Բ⣬ɵЦӼЦľͽ
Ȼָı·ûκӰ죬һ˵ϣȥԷʹӵ¾ʯһֱ֮СԺһã˶˭ҲôעһһֱĬĬСӣֵ˴ŵ·޾жȹԺͷһ¡
ʥףҲʥһܾ֮ʯ·޾ˡ
ʯҵҩһЩĽ׵ıҩǿõģͽĳǧӵǸطŹطıҩ۸˺⣬ȻҩƶҪϵѧԱɣʤڲߣҩʦҲڶ࣬һֱǹƽ⡣
˵ڶµѮ·޵Ѿҳǧӵǰ£ԵܶȫͻƵʥĽסٶȺ׶·޺㡣Խ߼Խͻƣÿ߶ġ
ʮ죬͵ɽ޵ʱ䡣


195 
ѧ޵ʱǷֿģΪҪﵽһĵʦչˣޣѡĵصҲͲͬҪһƬǴûֹ߽޵ԴɽһЩľһЩͽ׵޻ᵽѰʳҼÿ¶ǴԺĳǵѰĽµ࣬ȡͽܺˡ
죬ҪԺǧˣԺͷĴԴɽλﵽһѧһƬ򣬾治ߵùԶֻƬĶĵԻ񣬾˵ӵѾ׵ޣǳȺġһȻǧͼһɢС
·һʮ˸ҲûҪֿ˼һͬɽÿһ֧浯ͻ飬Ǹ߽޹лͬ
ٳʱĿĿһʯһʮˣа׼ҾλСʥǲ²һһ˿ջ࣬ûܸϵˡͷ£ǲĺã͵ͬۡ
ΪܸܺȡߴС룬һɽЩǾ쳣˷
ʱ·ѾеĻòˣڲӰ£ѾǮҩˡһΣ·ǱŴϣġ
϶ˣҲС⣬ֵǮģֱʱ䣬һĽ׵ҲãŮ·˵ѧҪѧԱɫʶֱʮ糣óĽѵ
·޵ͷȻǵһۣ΢΢ü
һ˾ֱ֡
·ԽԽǲɴͣĿһ
ʮ߳ʮ׺󣬲ŷûиһ֮£ȴ˿վֱһùʯĿܡ
ιˣʲô𣿡ŮʣЩͷ
·޲شֻǿǸ
Ȼ˳·ɢ˵ҰȻء
һһСһʮ꣬ĿЩʹﵽˮ׼ˣһѼĿߵȴǸ绨ŮˣֻЩףɫˡĽС磬վھߣĵСų
һŹҲǺӣŨصɱ͸һѪĸ߽ױ
ߵò죬һ·ǰҲûֱͣӴ߹ǰ
ŮһЦ˵λ㣬Ժİɣ
ô֪Ůʡ
ǴǶ·Ů˵Ҳ޺˵ģ
ǰҲǣŮ˵
ǵģҸһöȱһöܺˣֻóһҡǵˣ֪УһɣŮͦûĻЦЦ
ðû򵼣֪û˶¶Ц˶࣬һֻֻ޲ֵġ
ᣬɽǣȻþͲôҩʦˣܺ˾ʲôֵǮˡŮ˵
̻ȸԾϵĺ¡
·˹߹ʱȻ˵Ǹ߸ĺá
Ůһ㶣˵˴·õö࣬˶ҲӦҿһĺá
ǸŮ˵ǲ̰ĵģֻҪһŶ޺˾֪ˡ
һ˵Ҹռϴˣһͨˡ·Ҳû˵ʲô
ʮٴγһ·ϣ죬ǸŮӵ˵˺ܶɽ£޶࣬ҵõ֮ϵĴޣ˴۽磬ü𵽸󱦣һ벻ƶˡ
ʲô֣·޺ȻͻǸŮӡ
Ůͷһۣ˵أһգĿһ·ޣתͷ𴦡
һŮӵȻöкӿúȻ
ҽ·ޡ·ĿתĶһ˿ı仯ҲӲߡŮֻŶһ·ͬŮдģȡ
·ްҡͷԼǲ̫ˣ˴ﵽʥһҲڻʲôϵɣؾԴɽŹЩ£ﲻᳶʲôϵġ
һλʥһλ޻Ϊһö׵ܺˣɽ·޲ܲһݲɡ
Ҿһһַâڱĸо
ֱ֧ԭʼɭ֣
緢ڸ·ʩչһʱߵ÷ɿ죬֪ڿտյԭʼɭһѸ١·޸˺ߣʶ̽пܴڵࡣ
˲ӳأÿһ׵ľ룬ȻȴȺܵɵġ
һֱ˽ʱҲаľˣʮѾԶѧԺ뵽ɽ
ʱ¹ȺҰûľҲӹϸߴɭɭü١
ʮʼܴڵޡ


196 
һֱ磬Ȼһ˺ȻһæΧȥйиڸƴܣһʮ似׷ɱȥǸڰﲻˣǰǿһȻͷޣпͷϸѰңȻóһССľӨ͸ܺҲǼ׵ģþ˹˿ͷ˵һףܻһöܾʯ
˲ЩʧȻһޣĽ׵ҲͲԶһιǰһʱıܣ˸ָƬֻҰ¹˳ˣһѰ
ԽԽǳʪһ·£·޸оڽһƬɽȶľӲҲϡһЩ̦ĴʯϣʱܿһЩճҺҲƺ˼䡣
·СĽ䱸γۼ״棬Էһ
һȻݵһһȫɫͷȴѪһͻ𣬿ȥ졣
Ůһܴǣһ׾ȥ
һ£мҷɣֳһӣȴٵݴȥʮ˷һһΧϣһٿ䣬类ˣϸڲкһңּгһöһ׵ܺ
˸˷ܣɢȵһ·ȥ
ԽߴʯԽԽ󣬾ճҺѾһƬ·޺Ȼеһ£ǲѰɡ
ͣһ뵽ῴ߲һֱֻñ׻˵ǻǴĶɣ̫ˣһ׵ġ
˵ϼһ׵ߣҲǼٿܾʯúܾõˡ
۾һԴ֪ܾʯĺôѾûܵסջ󣬶ƺ似ͺˣʮһҲʲôΣգһ˾ȥζʮúܽ㼯ߡ
Ȼû߳ԶĴʮСߡڲкоȻһö׵ܺ˳˸ѪڣӿеĽŲ
ͻȻֳһĨɫ
ԽԽ֮࣬Ȼܲﲻϳը죬ѪԽԽŨܿģÿ˵ﶼʮöһ׵ܺˡ
ȻǰĹŮһͣ½Ų
һۿȥһһ˴ϸĴҶιȥ
ǣĽޣ
ٶ磬ֻʮ׳ľŮŮӴһһֻ׾ͷ
ͷһڣһ䵽ϣƬ״ﱻһ˻Уֱﵽ֮⡣鴤һ£һη˹Ů
Ůˡе׾һ䵽ϣǸһ£Ȼֻ˼Ƭۼףһ״ɽĴ˿ֻĵѵĴ֧⣬ǸŮɹȥ
ʮ˷һ似ͷŹȥһʱ䣬ĽĻˮиĹâֱҪ˺һ㣬ȻĽ֯һͬһط
¡
ɳ޾ݵⷭȳ쳣
ȵ価ĿһĹŮѾȫһɫճҺˣҺһһ
ǰϣһöͦľӨ͸ܺˣճ档
۾ϸһ񱩵沨Ľ׵ļֵĽܺˡһڻߵɫҺ壬ڶĽף
һһλ˵ʲô˫˸˸Ź⣬˷ܡ
׻۵
ұɡ·˵һЩɬǸ˽ϵľ޵һժ֣µУһ㶣дӹȥŮĨϵ¶ͻȻһͣȳŨ˻˻ֱ֮㼺һƬ
һȺζŵ˳ǰ
ߴ˷һȺĽ׵ľǧֻ˻֮ԽԽ󣬽纣Х㾪סв߲ʵ߶γɶΧ£
һʱֽű䣬ɫ
˺ͷմһڣֱȥ
·Ȼе浯ֽ浯ȡ˦˳ȥ
ХֱϰϿգȻըһɫӦʮ̻ӵϿը졣
һֱͣһϵԺͷһһƬɫʮֻ浯뷢ڰղһ﷽ԲĺɫôԶĵط뿴ɫǰ첻ġһôܵǸȥԴɽԴأ߶λҲԡǺܹ죬ȫգҲ͸Ƥ͸ȥ


197 
ôܵôԶĵطҪܾҲҪʱûĸʱĲУмûת۲ŻᵽǶ
ܿ죬Ժһͬļλʼߡ
һͬȥԺ˵һ䣬Ӱ˳ʮ⡭
ǵñסһƮɢ죬ԴһΣ
ȺѾεǰ֮ڣȴٲǰʸһ°׸ߵǽᣬա
·޷ܲﵽʥĽ׵ķܿ񱩵һһѹһķֶܶγɣȻȻͷųȥ
䡭
ƿһС
ɫӰֱϰ죬񱩵ܶǰһ׵ĴľȫȻȥͨ
ʮ˱׵似𾪵ԸӡֻйŹ˰ͷ··ϵ
Ůų׻˵ĻǰһҲлûǳԵ£ȻԼѿ
·ͨȥںţֻǸǸȴûҪߵ˼һֱĿؿգȻһֻ񴩹ҶĿ϶˽ֱ嵽ͷϡ񼫴ַǶ˷Ծ׵ľ룬䵽ϣһ£ʮ׵İУ͸Ⱥ߶
׹·޽һֻֻܶ죬һɵתۣص似˹ȥ
ý㣬ߡŮϲĽеǳȥ
׳գ·޷ϵĻɫܷӵ˼£һԾǼʮףһϮ
ߣһŭߣ˽ľ޵Ȼâһû
ɢ£һ·Ҳȥ
Ѿˣ·ޣʱ߹ûܳȥλ񣬶ʲôó֧߳߹ȡ˶бӦúܶʱ˿˵һȴ
ף·޴һס˫ֻһֻܶųǰոպ£ͨһ˺ʮ˷С
㲻Ҳ㣬ҽСԴɽֻǼǰȥعŹҲͬ죡
·Цˣһ˼
ܶٳ
ȺһաϾµͨӿ롣Ⱥ״ȫη
ʮ˸似ȥÿһһƬѪ꣬ǰߺǲ١
߰ɣС˵
˵Ҫǰ
еģһԺȺǾͻģҲȥȺǻߵĺá
ͷһȦŮȻеý㣬ͬ·гǲûе㣬ǳȥܺ˾Ͷ͸ˡ
һЦ˵ⲻң·صģҵֻһ˻ȥǸˣ
һ£·޺Ȼſϵı
еĶ˴һ벻Ȼзǲסǰ
ļ£·޾Ȼɵʮ׵ϿգǴûɳɹ·ޣһμ֮£ܷɵôѾ˼ޣѲߣһͷ
ſһϣһ
ڿе̶̼룬·޻ǿ󣬲׵ĵطһֻͨѩ׵Ĵߣ̧ţ߰İȺ֮С
һλӦ֮ϵȺ߲ûġغ·޾Ǹһֻܶ
֮ϣǶٲͣȥʧˡ
·޵ķܶһֻһ·ɱֻѩɫǰһƬѪ⣬Ųֻͣ߳ʮǰľһֻĽ׵ľ׶һѪܵ˿ڣȴžǵذ
·޷˳ʮסһ̧ͷʮѾԼ˺ܳһξ룬ƴ˺ɱеĽ֮ϵĴɱͶΧ
·޺ˮ˲нʮͷĽ֮ϵĶ㼷ҲҪӲıˡľ׵ĸߴݺ£ĶĿɲǼѪһƬеܵһӣܻӳ׵ĵ⣬һţһ³ָӣѾ
һξʮףǰȴֻſľ޶߿ڡ
ˣ׵ĳɵľ
·޿һЦܽƵǣ
ʮ˵У·һʮ׸߿գ߿е˫ֿ˫ּ䣬һƬɱ罭ķĿһֻ˫֮ϣ׵ľ޴ܵ̿ڣϵ·㷱ûܿõھģһߣâҫۡ
䡭
ƬһλڵʵѾﵽ˰˽׵һȥ
Ƭʹʮ׵ĸ


198 ţ
һƬѪ꣬ʮõ·޵ĵڳ裬ֺХ֣Ѫ䡣
׵ľ켶ûһ˿ˮ
·䵽ϣµͬʱѾɨȺѪٶ˻һƬ
޾ɱµ·ɱ·㣬ȥХȺ·Χȥ·ɱʮֻѩ׵ȥĺˣȺ糱ˮˣʮŸֲͬ͵ܱɵɵȺ֮УȺٲǣƹһɱĵȴȥ
صѪʬ飬һ׵Ķ׵׵һֱ׵ĸɫܾˣɢһأһ˵ĽǸ˺ܿǵǰʧˣͬʱʧľȺĶΣ
Ҳ֪վ˶ãʹúˮʮ˻عǰĵȫѪ߹ճҺ
ô׻ɣеżԺǣ
Ҳ߻󡭡Ů˵˵΢΢
ô˵һֱԲԣ׻ŭָеС׻Ƹ
ҷģһ·磬ҲúŮֳһݾȻ֮ɫĿڽ·ôȻĵͽгˣûаǿΪ˺ˬôô˵ǸûаĲǲԾĵλᵽߡ
ʮҲû˼ʰϵܺˡ֪ôʱкȻ¼
һˣԺͷ
֮þþԺҲǸеĶǡһصܺ˸ߴ۽硣
ֻʮɫȻһ㻶
ǻôԺʡôܵ߹ǸϿʰһ£ȥɲǾ֮ء
Ժи߹ȥӦ׻е
˭˭棿Ժһͷۡ
·޴硣˵
˭Ҳȥ߳˾Ž׵Ҳ֪ж٣Ǽܽȥٳˡȥˣͷ֡
ءϰˡ׻ޡ
ĺӣˣȥȥûˣǿʰܺ뿪
ʮһ붯֣һӼһܺˣԺţ˸չɿ뿪յء
УʯһʮʢԺǿ༶ʮˣλˣгʮȵ浯ڳյѧԱǣǻٵܺ˸ϻԭʱǶʯһĳɼˣ
ʮŶܺˣʮ׵ģĽܺˣһۺܺ㣬׵ģҲֻӵķݣƴӵķݣӵ˾
ʯɫȻһ̾ţ·ӦеʵʱһѪսֱ˽ʱ˶࣬ʥڣܻҲûˡ
ⷬ
ǣԺ沢ûжǵĳɼӺ䶯һ޹ʹǵĽǧ˻ˡ
֮󣬾͵õһ춯صϢ
ȫԺһ༶ĶӾͽһ࣬ǰһˣǧһܺˣһǧܺˣٵ׵ģʮĽ׵ģſ׵ģһ׵ģ
һʮɵ˵ôһȺСޣޣֻһ͵ʥ۷֮£ɱĿԣǣٴ˵һΪĲһȺˣһ˵ʱǵ𺳱ȿһͻƶɻҪȣ
ȫԺˣܺ˾˵ֻһ֣֮Ǹûܻ˽·ޣ
ڶ죬ڵ˿ڣ˲֪һ֣
·ޣ
عŹĵһˣ
ȴ߹Ҳûл
·ޣһ·ɱ߹ȣ۾ֻѩɫĴһֱ˹ȵףԽԽǻ뵽ͷһۡޱ޼ʵȺȫʮɳĴ
ǣһ۾ȻһߣɫģѪεɫѩ߼͵ͷ壬
ģȻţ߽׵ߣ
·޸е壬ΪֻҪߣɱˣԼͬ߳߹ȣڿû׼еλı̬߳
ϧԼıܷУ·޽һ֣ջأϾѹһȦɫܷȦγɣͬʱİ׹ʢܱҵķײ֮һܹܶͷ˳ȥ


199 
ʱ˿̵·粻һǰΪɱȣ֮ǰֻܹܶǸʦһͷųһ켶ܶͰڵſˣھԲзſյĹ˼ɣ似ĵܻ£һʮûġܶѾʥĽףǧɱһµá
ԴɽƼرʥһĸֱ֮κεطаԭܾʯͱҩĹӦǱ޷򼰵ġ
ƿһеķܹܾգͬһꡣ
ɫԷСЩֻѪɫ۾Ŀһ似ﵽ̶ֳȵޣѾ߱˺˼ά϶һпϵۡ
رеǰѵǹƺɱ˹ͷһ̣ûľֻǹ۲š
ܶ·ǰһͨ׿ʮ׳һͨ
ܴﵽ£·Ӵʶһ˿¶ȱ仯Ӷ˳ķ
ȵĵطȥ
ѪģϲĻҲ䳱ʪ෴ģȵĵط϶߾ҪЩҲǳڡ
¶ȱ仯ϸ΢ģֱ仯·޴ﵽһ׵£ȴ
һļܶףǰȻһͷ˫ͷߣ
һ쵵ƣȴҪһֻƽĴͷҪСö࣬Ȼſľȴִò˼飡źɫĶﵽ׵鱩ҵ˫ͷ·ޡ
Ǽսģ
ķɲǼ·ޡֻͷŴ˹
·ûӲҪЩԷˮʩչֳһӳѾڲ£˫ͷĹȦڡ
һƬȻоµǰͻأĳһض˾ǴӵضﲻðǶڵȫǾճҺȻߴǸ߶
ȻȣۿǸ߶βܽһյ߶ﰡѰ·ôһԥѹɽ˫ͷһԴ˹ȳϢŻ
·޻һһƬɱֱѹɿ⡣һ϶˫ͷ׵ޣ֣һ¾ȻûܶϿ
˫ͷ˻УһڶҺ·޻һȭȭ⣬ˡ·һ
ʱ˿̣ѾضֻǰĴߡ
һһѪ֣һΣһͷһ״߾ʹȥ
һ£Ӵϣõζ
һ·ͻȻеһ˿죬ôϵ˻ͻȻֹסˣͬվڼ˵ɽ֮ϣ˲
˺һ·ΪǶ˺ǰһֲ龰
һȺѪ߽ߣǧϢ£ض֮ǰһĶѪɫķֲ泤ࡣ֮󣬾Ǽѩɫģﵽ˽׵ҪСһЩߣ߼Ĵڣ˽׵Ĵ߰һóһ·޿ǵΪҲҪʮϡ͹·ģܺľ
⻹յĶ塣Ϊ·޵۾һССߣȺ֮ϣڶ֮ϣСԵôЦÿһߣһѩɫ棬һҲҶ˶ͷ­ŵϣŵ档Ƕһ־Եĳ
óҲСҲ׳ȣֻʮɵĴǰԵó߶ȲˡһƣͷϳһֻѪڣ³Сȴɫġ·ޣȷǷپŽף·޾áʮ׾ޣڳԣ޵У
ʱȴȱ޵Ƿ⡣ǸҪУЩŽһҲָĴ֮٣ǧһһ¼޲̫
·е׵Щ΢ĲѪҲǳ岻ˡʵеɱôĸ߽ߣһܵʮ£Ҳһ֮ƴ˻ʶĿܣþ㽵һɱڵ
ھѵҲȻˡǰͬʥһͬ׵ǧߣλ߻ڣֻһԼͲʤϣ
һһȺһǶĺƺ£ǰӿٶ
·ϾͷֹΪ֤ʵʲôһȺֻ߻ʺȻĽȺһ󣬾Ȼһ˳ףǲԸɢȥȻס·ޣֻǽ쳣ݣƺͷӡ


200 ߻
һ·޵ͽ˶һȺ缲㷭߻һʮ׵ľ룬ǰĵϣ̧һ׵רעĶס·ޣƺֻҪжһɱһѾͨпó
·һٺѾôҲӲȥΪʲô濴أ¹ģ·޾һĵӳⲻƽĵȴֵغ䣬⽻һɽǰƿһеĳ
ΣС߼ɵȴǵ޾ɱ⣬ɱӦǿ߻ʣһľһ絯ɰϣһ죬һСӿʮԶԵһڵþһ·ûĶˣֻһ͵˵֮ǰ𵶹ۣƥ׵ӳɱ֮âǰһײ⾹Ȼһƺظ
ӭϵ⣬һȻĴڵضǰصһѵͬһɺԵǧ֮·һֱʮ⣬Ѿвٴߵ棬
õضϾ˷Ӧ·Ӧ¶Ⱥ󱳴ѾȵʹС
ٲԥһת붴ڡͬʱһƬͳڡ
¶̮ˣ߾Ȼѡ˱ܣٽһʵϸղŵһѾռϷ磬ֻΪƬɱ⣬ûзſֽһȻ·һ¾кÿˡ
漫ڴʱ˿̵·Ѿޣʶϵĸ죬Ѿһ磬ûһߣҲܸӦõ׵Ŀռ䣬Щʲô
һ붴ˣɫ߻Ѿ˽룬һ֮ǰСһ죬һ·ޡ
ۻȻ·޴һ
֧һ֧ܡͻؾһʥĽѾǿһ磬ûл֧ܣ̶һס׵ĹӦòʲô⡣

ཻͬܶ·һܡͬĦϼ̵ܶǰȻܱѧ£Ȼˡ
䣬ನ·ֱȥͷ¡
ضһ·µģǻѣһٲܿأ׹ȥ
·޴󾪣漫пܻһϡ
Ȼϵͷǰȥ
¡ضɽҡ
ʯ׷䵽·ϡһ֮խĵض֮Уӵľס𶯲þò·һ٣ֱָ򶴿ڡ
׷ʮ׵Ľɫߺ˫۶񶾵ĶƺŲĳޡһζͣԭأʮ׵Ķ̶һξ룬˵ʲôҲҿԵõսľ·ףµĲضһ𵴣
Ի·Ѿǽȥɣ߼Ȼ׷·ҲͲȥ
ԽԽǿ͡ԶԶģ֮СĸţǼǧߡ
ȳ֮ҡ
ܿ˼ǧףȴԽԽ¶Ҳڴﵽʮȡ
·޲˱ܣ壬һ·£һǧףѾʮ¡ֻɫߣٲȥ
·޽ߡ
һǧףǰĶǧף¶ڴﵽķе㣡
ֹˡ
·޵ǰһͨͨľͷһӣվŵĵطǧ׵ľ룬ǰһһ¶ȣ˷е㣬۵㣬ǰǼǧȵĸ£ӣһʯͷ۳ɵĻɽӡ
жǵζ󶴸ıϣȻȫһܷӨľʯɡһ·ԽУԽֻǰɫĶ˱þˣֻ뺰
·ڽٶȵĶڱһ־ٵšʮԶĵϣڵĽɫƼһȴ˳һֽɫڻܡ
Ҳ±·Ƶ롣
ﵽޣѾ㱸˼άߺܵС߻ʵڶڴһսĻʮУ·޾ֻ·һֱС
ѪǱµģŻ¶ȱ仯仯Ȼλһģȴȡ
һһޣԣܵļޣĵĵŶԷ¡
·ʱ󣬱ܵ˾ͷ
ǺµģҺӲʱ죬ȼյĺӳϾʯ棬ʹ¶ȸߡ
·ٶȻܣˮʪȫѾԵֵˡһ½ٿ׳ĻߣϷǣһܵĵϵļʽ
̵ģ·̲ס


201 
öɫ
ȫ⡭·޼Ч˾ϲԽԽߣԽԽ˷ܡ
òͣȻһſڣıﲨһһɫ˹
ʱ·Ļоս֧һ֧ܶһȻĴһҡ龧ʯ䵽ϡ
һȥ
·һܶһ֮£·ˣ
æתܣһʱտҰĻбܿãܺľʲôҲûˡ
ģˣҪ˸磡һֻ߾տɹˡ
·ᣬһֽѣ·ܿʮ꣬Ƥڳˣܶһᣬ·ȥ¿ӣӵƤζջҲֻʱ¡
·޾һĿţһ̧ͷ߼ĵĶƺкӺܸȤ
벻ᱻһֻĿ飬·Ҳ˼ˡȫ죬ʹ಻ƤѣϾҪȼ
ȻһɫӨ˲ס·޵壬֮Ѹ·޵ͷһ·âȻǴָϵĿռָ﷢ģ˺ı
ʶС֦£ֻ˺Ȼҵĳ֮УһΣٵıܷӦ·һݣ
ϲ·ޣֻ˺ʵԶԡ˵ʵڣһֱʹڶԿ֮У·һİͻʦ٣Ѿǵ֮ʱԼһɽµ޸·һþеһѾǱ·޻ʶþ˳·ʶ壬ϵ˿ռָ
һΣֻߵС˺ٴλȻʶΪȴֱӾ·һ
Ӧ£Ǽò˶ãͻһݻ𺣣ǣǰһλ߻ʣһޣ򲻹ġôء
·޳˫ѪɫףƬΪʲôѪߣס
ǻӣӦܲˣڿģûһ˿ľ⡣·޸ӵᣡ

ͻȻֳһݿɬһεǣƴˣһ£Ҳʵġ
Ϊʲôأ϶ѽ
ľģ˺һ£תϢ⣬زһܲ
ܲͻ⣬ûʲôĻܻ𷴶һ˳ȥһƬ
Ǻǣ۸ġ·һϷŰĿŲԶİŰĻߡһĿʶͿģѾ˵ƿ͸ɵĵزžҪտȴֺˡ
Ǹǿߣ߻³ۡӵСˣ¶ļһ
һѾһֱ۾뵽Լȥˡ
ϢĹŵؼ߽׵ĹᵽԻĿԶĹһȫԵܣͬʱԼƺҲڸı䡣
·޲òϢ˺֧ĻҲһӣĻָһֿ֧֣ܵһȴҪ£˵ǵһΣǿʶ֧ͬ¡þͺͬʱеͬһԵܣһʹһ
޾ݵĻϢϢҪòγɵϢϢĵط㵱ҲǲУڴʱ˵أڵľϢ
ĺԶԶ·޵һʱϲ޷ݡ
ŻϢӿ룬СռóһʱȥѾһɡӳֵȥһʱѾָʮ֮һܡ
·Ҳͬʱ˲ܻͬɵĴͬǰϵĵ΢źɫӱҵĻķٻٹɵĻܣϢɵɣȴֱӽֱԴİϵСռ޴󶴸ӯ޾ĻϢԵ֪ѹֶöѹǿĿ񱩻ܸǼа֮񶾵İϵϢ·޴һԵһ죡
һָԴϣҲһ£ٺ١
Ȼ·޸оһ춯ﵽһ׵ʶʹϢӲͬһʱһ֧ܶ
䡭
һҡΣѵľʯϵ䵽ϡ
ԭܻȻԽԽ߻ڷӦѾһԸǰķһͷʹĵʵʩһ͵Ϯ
һı죬ʮ׵ľתۼĿռ𵴻Ǿ˶Էҵһʱ֧ܶܡû뵽ġһλʥãȴͽ׵ܶܣǿᣡ


202 
һ֮£ܶûȥˣನ·޵壬ɳʮף䵽ϡ·ظһѹһŻ͹ԭأԼȻûΪӽҺӣ˽һ¶ʱȫԡ
ȻϮĿԵ˿ͷܻ˼ޣά͵ĳɻʧȥվ뿪ֻһγϢܣάܻ
֮ӣϢǿòŶһɣȥ
߻ʵľѾ˵ʮףȻľ룬Ϊһλ߻˵һܹõ֮ǰʧܣٲᶯһάΪĶҲάϵĻߵλıأһ𺦣ľʧܣֹʲôãʮ׵ľ룬ҪٻǾͲ֮ǰôᣬǿܴﵽõϵĵزۼǾõġ
ǽĩգһȫĻǾġ
һһ޾µĻʯƵļǧ׵£ֹĵȴʱ
·ٴδϢʱѾȥ˼켸ҹ⼸һȫѾָֻĿѾɣȵļͣɿᵽ˴ûеʹࡣ
ٿԭ߻ڵĵطѾ֪ʲôʱûӰˣǲȥˣû·ܵﲹܰһ࣬ﲻȥҲҪˣɱȥѰȵĶҲˡ
뵽·ȥ
طһ˿ˮҲˣȻϢתˮܴӿеõЩˮݵġ
߻ʲڡ·һǧ׺󿴵ϰѩ׵߽ߣֻſǵȥʱ˿̣ȺѩɫҲ̧ͷ·ޣһʱûΪʲôͶ·һЦ˿ϰԵĿɬһγѾɬϣĿѪһƬ˫ֿŴǰûһ˿ԥĳȺ
ƴǲ̧Ǵ綴Ĵ췴ɹȥ
ɰٵߣԿĶȴֻչֻ죬ٶ첻ˣʱ·ޣѾγǰѪȵͬʱȥ
⼸죬Ѿ˲ͬĲ·ıϣһĺߣĿ񱩵аѾıˣаɱ
һƬ⡭
ɱأɱһɲǾͳ
ž޴ѪģճҺľǰ·޵Եü΢СЦĵַò˼飡ǰϵ÷ɿ졣
һĵ缲׷׷һͳغһһѪ·ǰγɣֹϢʵ¶ߵʬѪ
ѹʥϾ׹ܵҧ̱¶ͷٺˡͬĲʹܻ»˹ĻϢ
ʥʥŲֻ࣬Ǳܵ˺ҧܵ綾ֻܱܲСӿǽܷŵ󣬶ĵ£ͣҡ𵴣ʯӶ
ǾԵһɱⳡɱһֱɱڲֹͣ
һ··޳׵ʱѹص
·޹죬ĿѪ׵ڶǰһϵײɢܲײ£ռŤòӣⲨֱﵽʮ׸߿գʯɳȥҡгһʹӡ
·ޱǿܲͻ˶УһʱϢңоһ£Լй˵Ŀԣʹصԭصĺá
ʱڴѾʯСࡣιȺһùǺ
·޻أеķвľ޴ʬϣȡ滹ڲӿѪо¼Ʒ
ȵöӹԲ·˿߿飬һѪһķԭأܣ߿ǰϣһѾн洫ץһʿʼˡ
㣡ζĶҲ˰ɡ
·Ц
Ա·һӽ˼ֱʵܲˣڵ£ٴγϢС֪Ҫȱĳȥֻһ·ǾƾԼһһȥ
ܾ
ʥɻʰɣɱѾĽ߻ʣ
֪ÿһ̶ڼ尾ƴļޣ·ڵ״̬ݵһٰѸʮƵǡҹʮ󣬼ɿݵ·һվͬʱ޾ɱ£ǰѵϵĺ߸׳ܿɫϢֹʡ
ٸһ£첹һ£ܡ


203 ԭʼ
·޺ںɫ˫ͫ˸ĶĿ̲ζһǰ
߳һԶͿȺȺȷ󣬾һֱҪ˳ȥ·޵ĵѾռ˶ڵĿռ䣬ɱţǰһ׵ޡ
Ⱥ˵úܿ죬ӣ·Ѿǧ׵ĵ£վ˶⡣ĿۣɽȳϢ·ѷȴôĸĿ赶ֳ
ȻеȺ߾Ȼûֹȥͼһˣڸ߻ʣҲڰ߶ѻɽ֮ϣ䶢һֵļʽ
·ٳף뿪˶һξ룬ǰͻȻȺһֳ֣һͨȺҪߡ
ͷϲ·̲ס߼߼Ȼ·ȫͣ£ۿȺķӦûо԰ǰ֪ڵضԼ֮һ뿪ϰٵ߾ҪյزͬڶֻҪһǰɣڿϣܵУܴﵽͬ׵߾ҲܿܿͶʬ޴档
ûаմӮȺ֮ǰȺķҲǲҳȥԵġ
һ̣޴ջǰ·޷תء

߻ʼٵĽһȺ˲䵯򶴿ھȥڶγһǽ
·޵ǰһƬ⣬ܲ׷ǵҲ翪츫䣡
ɣ׳ĵûǽѪĻ·һ޳壬Ȼһʹܲ׷شȥ·һ֧˳ȥ
ۡ
Ѫ·޿ֱֱ׹붴ڣһ··ֹǧ׵ʶУһ·£Ϣĵص
Ѫ֮ûУգۣͻʧ״ﶼ
ٿһ£дʶ·ſ˱½ٶȻһգĻӳһҡ·һ̣ͣҺϲ²ʮף۵һе˵Ĳݴ³ֱƷθ
ȶ£·ڱȼ˲䣬Ϸбб䵽ʮǸ
Ȼվ·³һѪѪͿܳ⽻Ļܣ嵽ʧˮļޡ
ܵͬʱûмڷضڱȡЩȥѪ⣬䡣ȻƺֹЪҺӡĲš
ڸղŵһ˲䣬һĶ
һöʯ
ڶתҺӵϷһöȭͷСľӨ͸ͬһģһľʯ壬߸ڵغӵϷⲨ·ĵ㺮棬Һƽ羵棬һ˿Ҳ
ԵȻ񣡾ʯҲʯ
һ̣·޵ĺֹˣڴﵽ£Ȼã
ô·޽һ񼤵һѪܲҲһ
һżʯƺ˯ǲԡףӴ࣬Ҳ԰ɣ
Ҳ񣬳ȥġ·˵ܰ𣿡
һʹ飬Ϣ·޾תǣֱվǰ˵
˺þãƽ𵴺صϢٴվһ̧ȣǸǡ
վĵطʮÿһȥһ¶ȣԽԽǳȣʮµʯѾһƬ죬ֻٲһ·ܣʯЩ΢ڣ棬ܷ֧֣ڻ·ֻܱ˺ķѾɵȼĵز
̤һһȫܻϣѹ͸ܱڣȫѡ
ǻҪ߰
·޵ֳһݿɬٴξٲ
ܽҪȥĵһо¶ѾļޣԼҪȼˡȥǿʶѾӦһʶȻע
ǿ
һ·û취϶ֻ̤֮ģλ񲢲һž̤ء£βġ
ǽֻԼٶܸӦϵκϸ΢仯߻һ˿ĸо
ˣСһº𣬲ʶڿ˵
񰡣ڳˣҿһ£ҳȥɽˣһкܶҪȥ·˵˵£̫ˣ˵ĻѾĵޡ
ô㣿Ǹ˵ᣬҵСɱడ߿ЩͷˣҲΪңǲҽˣܻڣǹ˼ҵĻС켸ܻߣĴڡ
·ĿɿڴҲ뵽ǸСľŽ߻ʣȻλĳԼϹˣ򹷻Ҫأû㳬ȻˣѵᷴԼôֿܼΪ㣡


204 
ô˵ǳȥˡ·Ȼ˵
Ӧǵģɱ̫ˣǶӵĶǼˣȥû·Ǹ϶һ㡣
·޶վһᣬоܿþˣ˻ԭأȽϢһ߻ָľ磬һ߻ָ֧񱩵ѹ̼һֱһһҹŴӹ˳򶴿ڡ
Ҫɱ
ҪʲôǸʵҪɱ𣿡
ǣ·޵ͷٺȲѪͻ·޽²ͣ
Ǹʧˣ·޳嵽ڣѪ죬ȫҪðˣ
ɱ߿Ͳˣٴ
һڣǰ߻ʣǿȻİ˽ѩߣǧ߽׵ľһޱߵߺ
ȺһĶҲһֱİ󡣵
·һ󱳼ԭԼҲȺƵǣ
򲻹߻ʣζʲôҲòȺ߶߻ʵı
߶վţ߻ʲڶǰ֣·޲뿪ǰΨһݣ
·ܺȵҺ壬Ҫˡ
һϢܴ鳱ʪĵطȡؼˮݵģܲ˵ĳϢֻƬ̣һƬʪɿݵӿγһſŵˮ飬˲䱻塣
һֱͣ·ʮһûӴˮݵ壬ѾƤ漣ٴ¡ͬһˮĸɲˡ
ӵ˼ά߻ͼһű죬һɽɫĶ˳ɶϢֱƮ̰ȡˮݵ·ޡ
ֻҪһ룬߻ʵĶޣǰ˾ͻἫĳΪһʬ壡
·޵Ĺ·޴ʱһ
ȺߺȻһ粨˰Ķ÷ſʶ·޲ˣһ𣬴ӹӲ뿪ſѾ˫
ȿľǴǰĶ·һݶһȭӳɢˡ
һ̧ۣſȺ춯ľǣһֻɫľչа״Сڸ߿մҲһֻޡ
ʱ·һ
ֻ׵ľȺҳһšʱܲϰգмϵĶ
ͲѷԻʧܸա
չᣬʮףȴһ£ɫĸ£ٿصƺɫֻһ߶ʱ羫ֵѾһֻѪܵĶܺˡ
˲һֻͷĽ
ȥ⡣
õĶݵ࣬ʱһۿһѰɫĶ߲ԶĲݴϳһѵȥһߵѰߵ࣬·һʮֱ֧ʮöȺ߰˵תض
ص·޻ָЩΣŶڽеʯ㲻ң
鷳һ䡣
ֻҪһռ䣬ҾõȥҲᷳˡ·ջ
ʲôǸһ㶣ûǸѽ
˵ûС·һɫǳѿ
ȻǸ壬ɽҾʹˣȥѾˣֶֻУӵеֻ壬ĶҪ𣿡Ǹʵ
ǸӦþռ䣬ҵȻҪ㲻ǣҲԡ·˵ϣץסҲǽеϣ
ұΪҪɱĳȻֻҪһͦȤһ㿿ʯϰɣҿܷܲŵҪ˵һ£ҿǴû£ˣǸ˷ԥ
ǺǣʲôҶòˣûİҲһҲȥ·ʯǰӨ͸ȫɾʯ幹ɵĶϡҲ벻Դɽһʯ󹹳ɵģ־ʯ弸£Ǹ壬֧ľ壬ʯʵ࣡ʯ֮Դɽ֮
ڣλ֮跨ңԶȵ꣬һٳ
û鼫Ȥһ·޵򿪣ܸӦһɱ˺ǿᵽ֪ٱʶ쿴ȫÿһϸָо·̾İٱ
ʶʯҪռֲ룬Ǽ׵¡ڴĵš
ҿʼˡһ仰·ѨλϾһʹʹһν١


205 
һεĸ죬˺ñ̬һʱȥȻ飬غϣ̸ҪʹһֱǺϣϣһɵľ֮ǰֺı࣬Ѿϵһµľ磬˵ղҲݣ
һθܲû֮ͬǰͬʱĻ۵С֮ȫͬһص㣺ԣ
·岻ԼĿƣֲֻܿĸо޾ͨĳԺʶ
ˣⲻҪͷô
·뵽
һ£ʶܵ𵴺ͳױȣ
·һ̵ȫʧ񡭡
һжǿյģоһжڿտյʶغϣٺϣֱ廹Ҫʹʮĸ죬·֪Ҹʱһֽѡ
䡭
һ̣·ȫȻʧȥ֪һ˵жãһſ۾ʱԼһ
Ȼо˶Ⱥߵж׼һ㣬ɫ˵ߵϣһһʳ͵ǰ
̫ˣ
·޵һʱʶһۿǰ
ϲˣ˺ں֮ɫ˵ڴһԵĹ⣬Ѿȫıˣʯ֪ʲô裬ˣΧƵĴѾ֣ܱ
񰡣ûиҸռ䰡ôҵܱˡ·ϾͷڣԼһռӰӣȥʶʮ⣬⣬ռأ뿿ſռ߻һսռ䣬ûг֡
·޼˳
ҸˣǸΣ˵ֻ壬ûռģұͲ壬㽻ʶҲһæģһȱҸˣҲλǰﲻģû𡭡
·һ㶣ϸ̽Լ˺һ󣬺Ȼ£Լĵ
һռ仹ҪڣһԼĵСе˺Ѿ˵طСһƬռ䣬Ȼտǵĵȷȷѵĵﰡ
ллҵ̫ˡ·޹ȥĸʯ˼ͷ
Ǻǡʯ쳣ĵЦˣԼҸȥɣ
Լζ仰·δеĳ죡
ҵĵﻹǿյģǲǻһӡİϵϢ̫ѵˣϧҪúһ
ɣǺǡʯЦټżػصԼȵȥˡ
·޶ԼΥ˵ĵռһпԼԼԺͿԼˣõΡ
ϸ۲Լ壬·޲ûпռ以ִ󡣱ĵռ䣬֪ǲΪģûһ˿ûռ¼
пһ·޷һ󣬴ʱĵط¶ڼٶȣںٵܲ£Ȼû֮ǰΣС
ʯǸ̫֮ϲ
·޹ĳĿͷŷ𣬺ܿĳϢС
ڵĵص׿񱩵Ϣ٣·޵һǴδеĽչǸµĵռܿдϵĺɫĻγɣһССĻ۳ΣԽԽɳš
ʮ·޳ȺȻʣԴڶڴγٲȥԵǶߵҲתˡ
·һǻ߳ɫܻ˳һ֮⣬ǰѵѾΪɫɫ嵶еĵߣףϷɫܻ𣬿񱩵ɱ侲ϸĿһڵˣҪʦϵ߲
һ꣬·ͷ˸վڶڣʮȺȺһĿƾ㲻ϡ
·޺ȻоǺܿԼΨһʥظˣʥﲻʩչܻǾֻһӣ·ԼʧλСǿֵ࣬ȴǸӲļһһĵмɱȥ־Ȥ֪ô˲
ҲԵģ·ֲȥλ߻ʴˣֻڶߵ¼֦Ҷд
ɬʣһҸĳš
£·޾ض£һһδϢѳſ˫ʱ·޸ӽࡣ˫ĿݣͫѪ죬ͷɢݵòӡ
Ե˶ǰǿôҶӣپƤȻǸǰֲѾˣܵĶȥˣа궾ݣʹһҹѾһλҽʦ紩Խˡ


206 
ϵĻܴﵽʥ۷壬ͻƲǵϣһ춼оõıǰ޴繦Ҳļޣٲȥʮʳɽ·޾ͻԾʯˡ
·ްγһ߻ʡ֪Եģöԣ˵ҳȥȻһɱ㡣
ѲǰеѹѾĵȴܸеǰĺ䡣·޴ʱ˿̲ܻ𣬷·Ǵıϱŷģõ
·һǰɫ߻ʾˡȺҲһ֣һһ߾ͽȺ֮Сһǧ߰˽׵Χסֻǵȵ·ԶʥǾͻһӵϣ˺̫ʹ࣡
̫ɺˣˣֱ
·޾ţ˫߻ʣȫʶȫܣŽ߻ʶȼաҪ̵ʱֻҪпܳߺ
΢΢壬ģе
أˣǰУǻһһֱԾͬµһ򣬰ɲǼ䱻ӳ޾ɱˡȺ߲һӿһ˸߹һˣͬһХʮ֮϶Ѫľ졣ûһҽĵȻǰСÿЦȡǵ
ɫ߻һ죬һƥĽӭĵ⣬ԴСǿֺһȫʩΪʹ֮󣬾һ춯صײ˺ֱܲ⴫ȥ
¡
þòϢʱ·ٴεĻӶоˢһ⣬˺ǰĿռ䣬ģҲɵͻȻһռŤòӣΧȴǺɫܹⲨĹⲨΧľƳ֮⣡
һС߻ʣ𣬺һ£Ѫɫһ
߼ϸСȴżصһӵϣû֮ǰôƵơȴһɳɳ졣·⺳صһȴϸСĺײͣڰ죬ȥ
·һ㵣߻ʿȻ̴ٵ˻һһ·ܵǲһе
ѹȻأʮܲһͬϮ·ޣ
屻ɫܲͺɫ̰
ƬɽĹ£һƬȻų
һƬѪڵϰգ¡ĴװĹĵȥ
Ⱥ߷ˣһԳ·޹塣ִһųŷҹˮľȻߣҵسӵżʬ޴ʬ飬廹ҪЩеĻ΢΢鶯ԡѪһţ죬һСĵС
ȷʵȫм׵ܿѵ·޾͵ýӵһѡһɱֻߣȫµʥ۷ûһõҲ
·ˣΪɱ
Ĩ˰ϵѪܵУһֵĴ·һ󼤵ͬʱֻ֧Ҳļ
ûһ㴭Ϣᣬ𣬳߻ʵķλǰ˻ȥ
ɱһ̸
ˡ
ͬʱǵīľٴ
ǰī䵽λãһƬȶҶīߣͷĻʶ˳
īٳ·޵Ķһ͡߶ģһеıʡ߻ܼʶߣѾΪһܱҴﵽ˸߽׵ı׼֮ʹ߽ܱ֮£ȴҲ硣
һҪģ
ɲǼ䣬֮ϵܲٴϮ·ޡ
·ֻٴ֧
䡭
ھ
ٴǰˣɱⲻ߻ʣ
߻ͻȻһ˻ǷˣͬʱĿн׵ľըҡ϶ɳʯ׷ɣ֮һӡ
֧⣬ܵļأ·޺Ĵһȭͬʱ֣һȭǴѾߵһž죬ȴʼ߻ʵݳ
䡭
һȭȭͷγһںɫĻ·޷Եİϵﵽʥ۷ܻ𣡵һʹõ֮·޾һ´ô泩
ٴνīߣһ£ȭͷڶ߿ը˿
䡭
Ѫֻ֣ʣ°ߺȻĵɻȺ
ѪʹߣѪߣ
ȺˣѪڣ
Ƿ׷˻£ſ
·ֻ߻ʣɱԼÿ
һǰɱʹѾʢĵȻ䡣Ѫɫ˫ͫѾͬЩһ˷
䡭
۵ˮһ֮£ˮⲻȥ·ƺһһ·ܲĴıϣ÷ֱʮ⣡
ʱ˿һ·ɱ߻ʣ߻һ·ˣѾԶ˶ڣ޾Ⱥ£Ѿ·
ÿһѪ·һȣһЦЦԼݵˣ
弸ûͣԸѸ͵ĵͻߴԣ
Ѫ졣
㣬ȫЩ׾һʮ
䡭
·޵Ľ³һӣһ壬ҡΣ£΢˲仮ʮ׵ľ룬ֱǸһֱС߻ʣ
ݵӰͬ£װһﵽ֮⣬ĵ׵ǰ棬ûκԴڣѪǵ
䣬ڵ¿ѣ߻ڵһʱ䵯ʮ⡣ȺСһؾһ˻У
Ⱥߺӿϡ
䡭
½ˮ飡
·ĵڶѪ
̫ˣȺףֻҪ߻һУͷӿȫȻ
·սúܿ࣬գȴŶĴڶͬʱߵ壬֮ͬͥǰڰա
һ£·Ȼչ֮˫һƫ⻮ǰֻͷѾ߻֮䡭
һչֱʮʮסȴ߻ʣ䵽һ
ӣ·ͷʮ׵ĵطͷǡ
ıһȴһٴηٴ˵صһ
׵ľﳣͣҪΣһϮ֮£һöֶܺӡһˣĿĻңһ˫·ϳ֣Ľ޲ıԴͷɶȺڹͬŶվ뵽ݺæղһ£ǩԼݺᣬһߣм
³ѪʱѾθ죬ְอʹУҵʹظѹ쳣ʱ·ޣ߻ʽһ֮ң
߻һīߣȴ˰·ͬߵϣ͵ƵίڵϣƬȥ
·ͷһϲ߻ʵĶҺþˣǺûᣡ
һ׵Ĳ·ȫһܲѾ˽һף⻹ס߻ȫ
ɱ⣬·ͬʱʮܲ׷Ծ塣
˼ˣ·ԼĹǰͬ裬ĿⶨĶ߻ʣȥûһ˿ɣ
߻ʾ״һ죬һأ
䡭
ײصľ졣
һ䵽߻ϣۼ׵߻ƤֻڵͬһĳһӡӡµҲŤϰȺһ˻Ⱥ纣Х㶯
䡭
æղһ£ллҡ


207 ռ̬
·һȺһļѪߵܲص˺ʹغһḶ́һԵͣͣһͣ߾ͽΧ
߻ʹ˻һֱͣߺӿͬһ
߻ʵʹ࣬ƺܹͬܣȺһ״̬һֵ˻ò˼飡
·޵ܣһǽγɡµǶ׵СߣҲʮ״Сͷڵ·ޣŨĺī·޵˺ǻģ˵̼ЧȴʶľѾж֮Уٶʱ̫ˣ㹻ͷ
ߵĵڶ޿ھ·޵ͷЩ׵ľÿֻҲɵһͷţ
ߣ廹Ⱥ֮ͷȴѾ˽ʮ׵ĸ߿գµͬʱܲ
ɲǼ䣬·Ϊģƽһɽߴʮ׵ɽ·ûˡ
·ǧȺ߾ǼҲҪˡ
ΣգΣգΣգ
·ʶ󻯸ܣȺߵһ˻Ȼǳ߻ʵָȻ˵ĺͬʮʥͬʱ֣ڵеʱ壬Ѿ⣬ܲʼʱһ롭
һ£Σյźһ·޵ʶһƬѪ죬һͻȻ·ֶļȿ޾ɱľĽһʱ޶ȷŴ󣬶ʱһһָ·еԼ֮Ѫȳĸ룬һֳѷ༸ľƷ񷢳ľٲܿıˣǷƷ
Լˡ
Դһ֣ʹ·޵ʶ֧ڵĲܣܳ񣬴Ҳһȴһ¡·޴ʱ˿̵ʶ˷ڣԭʼʯĸ죬·޵ʶѾ췭ظĸı䣡
ָı䣬ȴֱӱ֮ϣ
Σʱ̣չ̬
Ⱥ߾޿֮£ǰѵȻĹ󣬾һλԶ¥ŮӣżţȻ̧ͷŷԭλܴڷӣ
ʵʰɫ⣬Ȼûһ˿ɱֻĴߴ͸һĹ⻪ɽдγһ͵Ĺ򣬻ģ·Ϊĵĵص㣬ֹݵ˳ȥڹɿ飬ɷۣɻңޡ
ûлŵ壬һƬݺύĹ֣һϾӨ͸ܺ˱ؿ
ɢʱ·޵Ѿһû¶ȵĿѰһӰ߻ʣʶţʼ
Ŀⶨ߻ʾڰ⣬ӣ·ᵶ׷ȥڵٶȾ߻ʵĶ֣ٴչ˱ȣٶȾͬһ㣬Ƭףİףףףһףʮסһ·ϣûһߵǰһ֮£ԵԵʲôĶ֣߻ӴڵĵһɥʧС߻ȫ֧֧Ӱ
ʮס㹻ˣеĸ쳹ʣƺĻ׵Ŀռ䣬׵ĸ߿£ֻеڰȻС
߻ʶ̴ٵĽһȻһ𣺡Źɣߺܾˡ
·һ£̶˵ҲܣҳԵĿͷ̫ˣңҲҪɱܰĹҵĺԭ
һ߹ţ췭ظһ죬£ɳʯɽ׵ĸ߿գһĿĵԶ
ѪУһöļƷܾ˳·ǰ֣¡
Ⱥ߷׷ױӣһ׵˽ף׵ٲҿ·һۣٵʧ߹һ߹ȣԴɽɽҲԵߵ磬ͱһ˸꣬һһˣٲˣûٸҵطĿʮѪģͬȫϢ
߹ˣԵĺڰЩĿ棬·ޡ
ûԼصʶģ͸֧ˣ·ص࣬վŲҲʹǷȣ̫ʹĵطһҲ룬߲ˣֻǴɱֻվţҲԶʧڿһ˿ۼ
ٿһ£һֻ˫һգԣĿתĶĽһ磬·һλݡ
Цһ£·ûн飬ȥס񣬽ķϣſ˴ıϣһ̴ֱ
ԴɽԵһɽ
ɽһƷǷ̨ͤ¥󣬳ƣһԺ䣬һԺɽһС¥ŵС¥λСĹڳһ񳡣ϰֻչʮµĴס߷ɻأһλĿСѾͬδڴǰʱӹһöͽ׵ܾˣɫ뵡ζĹƺѾʹ
ŮۼСʲôʱȥ˰ˣҪʲôүѾɹˣôһ̲ס˵
˵СҪͺÿˡСѾ˵Сûһǲͦģеܵġ
ⲻǸ˵ôСĸ˵һ䡣׳ֺõЦ
ҵȻǣСߣҲǿСѾһЦ˵
׳ȻλĿСѾҲΪˣǷ
ףʲôСѾȻʵ


208 
ĿͬʱעĿգһֻСһЩչҵһֻԶշɽſŸˡ
Ѿͷ𵽸ʲôСѾʡ
Ǹˣ׳ش𣬡û·ƨͦףҾ㻹ǿȥСɣ׼Ȥû׼ܸϼ죬⼸кӹˡ
ԣȿȥȥͻء׳Ѿһ뵽С㣬Цȥ
ֻһһӰɲ¥һʣأģѾظû·Сӣ
˳Щԣͷͻ۾鶯ֱͦƬɫıһĸͷһɴ£ɴ°׵ʤѩΪļҲѩƵİףȹ͸Щɫһ˫ĳţֻ˫ţƤЬ
СʼϲŸӣףƤƳɣǶ˺öһӶӨӨⲻϣһǼֵǵһ߽ױ
һ˷ܵ˵ڣȻƽ̨ϣĴȻۣסȥıϣһķһ壬ݣƤȴİ죬·ոɹ˹촦ˡСһʱ𣬷Ծȥߣϸϸо塣
ã̧۾۾Ǻ˷ܰһˮƵһ֧Сָ·޵ϣﶥȻȻһ£ָס·޵βڳСһۺС³һ㣬ݺݵ¡
Ǵڴͬʱһ飬·һԼƨϡʱ˿һ󻶿̨ͷų
ǺǡȤƨɻͦ׵ġǺǡ
׳ֳȥȥҡҡ׹СѾǶԼȴҲǻ˼Ρ
Ǿ׵¾ǰչˣСһŤ۳ȥǸӴϱ·Ѿˣٽһװ˵ĴӣһģϸϸС
һ·޵ȻҪȫĳСǰһЩ̫ÿĵطСﲢûб濴ȥôÿĵطһֱһУǳ£ǳϸĿ˻ᣬʱ䳤ڵҪˣһݣһҶɫëһɹʮݶһȴȥˡ
ҾøøһȻµġ׳й˺һѻΪͬĳ겻ڵСѾ
԰С˿ʧǵ˵
ǰ˵ǣٱСŪඡ׳׳˵
СѾȻʡϵʱһףǰôû뵽е¥ȥ
£һԺ䣬СѾͷһܣڹսǴһͷײһϣ̧ͷһ̹񣺡ү
λЩӢˣʮ꣬˵һ㣬ֹײɫһײ֮£Ҳûжһ£˰СѾ
ʲô𣿡ʵ
ûûʲô¡СѾȻ˵ԼС㱧һλһ˿ҵط׵£ྪ춯صҲˣؾλƻС㣬ɫԵıң˭ҲҪѪġ
һź״εӣѾ뵽˵ҲЦǸ˽С㣬˶ٶ񾭺£Ѿʤö٣һ¹˵ҲǴ¡
õģ㲻˵ˣСҪ̫ˣǾȥ裬ĻȻ͸ţǺǣҳߣҲûطȥˣȻҲԶļŻˣ岮һ˵Ҫߣƴӣ̫ܵһܵǵļǿǽһСħͷǣǺǣҹܳߵһվ˵أ
СѾ죬ұλүУСߵĴ̫࣬ÿһﶼͬһ쫷磬˷׷׳ӣټңΪСסߣѸٻ
ãȥɣСĵ㡣ү˵
СѾߣһ뿪үٶһһܽһС¥
¥ԴС˰¹ĽأֹǱ̤ͱϷеʹ쳣˭򲻵ѣǾ̤ġ
һ뷿ӳǣλСħѾλ֮꣬ڣһҩ裬ݺ˿УûһĶϺࡣСѾԼС̾Ϣ

˷ָǣȥˣȻû뵽ϵ㶫°
СѾСͷ˵ģۣ
˻һСѾͷһңλȻѻڵСӣ˶ⶵСֻ֣֮ǲѷǸڵġ
Сз̾СζҵļԱͽˣҵĵͣϧݵ̫ˣУôݣǼ͸ඡǺǣζ
С㣬㲻˵ãٶ˵ȥҲƣͣ
С㲻ͺο㿴ѵõһǿ٣Ҫһ˲ţǺӣ㿴ѾͷҴʲôȻһֻ֣Ө˸һֻƷܾˣ˵ֵϸͿǮҲûȥ
СôùֵСѾϲãүͲطˣСͨ찡˸ͣĺѾͷõõĶֽе
ɵˣҹͽͬѾͷһֲͬŵõģȻȫܴùһλ޻𣿺ٺ٣Сӻе㱾£СҼñ
ֻعȥߵһֻϻóһҩݺ·޵ĿС
ӲٲſҸ˿ݺ˵
Сһ㶣ʵС㣬ǸԵʲôǾػɣ
ǰȻҩ²ãС˵


209 ɫ
ѽԹһˣҩ˵һ²ܳһô󣬶ҩܶ͡ԵġСһס
˭ɳԲѣ뼱ҰҶˣٲѣιʮǿҵֶθǿأߣСȥϻȡҩ
С̾ϢסС㣬ͽҩˣûôÿˣҿȵȵȣ᲻˵㿴أ
ҲãҾٵһᣬҪǿֱҩߣͲҵģ⻹˵ã
ˮ̴С¡ȥչһ·޹ϡСԳһЦûֹС㿴ˣúó󣬺ٺ١
С׳죬˵СѾ˵Цûûмء
ƭӣСʱϲȥһߵıӡСǲˣ
򣡡ййСŵҡ֡ʲôơ
˵ʲôӣСüЦġ
ǶͽںԺС⡭Сţ
С㼫俪ģ£Ϳǳø߸ߴǲǴ˵һľ档
û壬ǰɡ
ʲôǡСٴ򴲱ߣСԹεıӡ
ǲǣˣǺܴ󣬱ҪСһЩָָλһҪ·ޡҪѵˣѾڲ֪Ϣ£ת뱻Ӳ˼Ͳ֮ҩһʱڱɱҵҩŪϢңһʱѲˡ
ģС۷ʣСʱͷ񺹣ҪԼȥǼͰɣȻͷСͳԴҩһİ쵽ıǰߡ
ȥǼСȥǵĶж󣡻ҸóԵģҪʲôʲô
СˣС㣬ҰɣҺˣҲȥ
ףˣҴˣСҲûϻٱ޾죬ıһƬѪɫ
СˮȴаԭλСԸŹ֣ԽԽǴÿģͻûû˵ĽȥֱѾıλѾˡ
ʮ£СѾڵأСȤ˱ӣȥ·һžػŻϲİעŵǿžŽ׼Ʒܾϡ
ö֪˵᲻ԭҴĴܣģǸһȻҸҵĺ״˻ǰƫƫǲףˣҲ֪ٴ򣬵ǵò
һϻȫܾˣϰö⣬˸ҫ
ٻعСѾܹӵվĬĬóһ֧ҩƿԼ˿ҩϰΪϴƿҩͳ˱زٵ¡
ṫϣϸ·ޣʱ·ҩ๥ֳһݺɫѾҩЧ£Խֹһ㶣ֹȥһšʱһŴ۾
ôС㣬Сһʵ
찡ˡڳô󰡡Ȼ˵ϲ⣡
Сĸǰٿ˺һͬĿŴ֮ˡ
ڶһ磬õϢСλС㷿С
һݣͼѵıŮͨ죬ڴϲ
ﵽˣæֽ̧·ϣԼŤ󡣡ôˣĸ˭˵ʲôˣĿĸ󿴣ǸѾü˳۵Ĳ
һҹ˯С㣬£ĸ񣬾ڴߣס˿۹⡣
㲻֣˭ظкӵģȥӸɷɣɷİ񣬼⡣ĸ˳мƣ˵Ҳ̫ࡣѾʹ˸ɫǶǰ֣ҪСһߣڴϵСϵȥ
Сŭ·һҹδѣʮػҲˣȻֺϵı䱾ѵһζʱûѣѾŭ˵㻹ľǿװҪͳӾҵǿ֮ҩ裬ϣٲѣˣȻ᲻ã̵ļ޻ǵͷˡ
ʵϣֻҪһҩ·޾ȫѣʱĶɹԼָֻһͷһ֧֣ǼֵǧĺҩҵҩԴڵƽ⣬һС
ѾɲǳˣһСһӣͺһܲȻֻʦһܣֻһ֧Ѱ졣
Сһ֧޻˹ȥֻʦһܿŷ֮£һȥߣˣ顣
˲ѾˣȻģǰͻأֳһ֧ɫⶾһı޾ڷ֮ϣ㶶ü£סˡ
Сһ·޳ڻ˫һţವһ£ȻӺ󴰷˳ȥһȥͺÿˣʵһӵĿɿڴУʲôˣߵ·ޣ֪һѪ磬ֱѪ
ĸʱֽɫеԣһ䡪ˡ
СڴֹסΡ¹ɫÿȴⶼһ޴ƽ̨ΪԷܾʯΪҪİ¹и֮ء
ɵֹסΣһ˫ĸ˵
㡭ȥԺڰ¹˱Цӡĸһӣ
Խ˽ԼĸԽâڱ
㷢ĲңеһηĵС
ãҷģɡĸ˵
У˷ģ̤һ
ʾղأм


210 С
õģ׽㷢ģ˰ɡ
Ǹˣ޲ø磡
ðɣĸŭĿԲеҾõ巢ģҪҴ㣬Ȣ㣡ɫ
һ㶣ʲôİռıôеУô޸Ǹݰطһ㶼
ĸ᣺Сڣɣľ͹ˣûбˣҪ֪ҵĵҲȢģҪŵü˯ġ
ŶǻãҾˣܸɴķλһļãСĵķŻصϣϸĵĸǺñӣһЦһëȻʮͬĿǸãһֱ˯ŵꡣ
ϺˣӢǱۡ
ĸ߸պиױܣһֻ־޴йҵϣǵһľһζεһء
ǺѾͷģĸŭ
ȻȻ⸽ôôµкӣ˵
һλкӣñ¶֣˼άõˡ
֪ʲôˣ϶λߣɫһǸɽҰӣҾõ˼ҳкƤ֡죡㲻Ҫ°ɣǰ¹ɲˣǰ¹ľѧ˵ȥ
ģϳǰ¹ûѧ¾⣡֮Աǡ
㶮ʲôĸҲͬ硣
ĸйͺЩòѿзϵŮˣϸһ۴λףΪʲôɵ̶ȣƤ־ͻɳɳ촽Ǹѵأ·ʮ꣬־ĸ죬Ҳѿ˼Сڡ
ܿʣȹˮôĸʵ
Ҫˮôһ㶣ʹûҲ·޻ҪˮһֱιＫȵıҩͬھĸһ˵ע⵽һ㣬æСһۣȥˮһˣҾͳ㣡㾹Ȼû뵽Ҫˮ
С飬ȥȡЩˮι·޺¡
ˮأһڱߣһľβʣ·޿·һˮڣһʱٲ͸˹ѾСʶֱȥȡڶҲûС
ڶͬٶȥˣСȥȡػʮΣȡһֻƿмʮˮҲõ뱭УֱӾ͵·޿ֻһṦ򣬾ͼ·޵СϻָЩ󣬶ǸԹ죬СҪȥȡĸסˡ
ٸˣܹѺٸ˵ţ·޾ˮһڵĳȶҵϢʱ˵ߵҲ˳࣬ʱȻſһĿǰʮˡ
һЦûιСиˣҵĵͽҲˣ㣬ݣҲˣһ׳ԷҲҵ磡
˾ԿЦ
Ӧ˿ԼĿ⣬֮ɫ·޿ǸŮҰ޵Ľ壬ᣡ
ôʵ
Ȼһӵıҩͽƫĵľˡ
ò̫ࡣһ£֮ǰ˭һֱҶҩԣܸоڲϵĸιҩɣǸԳƸһӱҩŮӡ
ʲôҩһ㶣֮ǰǱҩģֲøɳȻ
С˵һֱŵģιһҹҩҲҪι
ʲôˣģĸ·ޡ
ԺѧԱɽޣˣһֻˣ֪ôᵽ⣿
˵ֻҵĺѾͷ㣬͵Ҿ㣬л˾ˣἫġ
·޶ĻЩףҲûϸȻʵܸЩԵôҺܶ
ȻС֣ȥŪ˲Щ¹޻ʲôģ
鲻ܲġĸЩöɿСֵóôá
û£̫ˣҵͽ㣡Сӳÿ濡˵С·Ϻݺһšһĺӡܾòɢ
·û뵽һҲû뵽㣬ֻǸеΡ
ĸĿŮһĿʼʲôʱ뿪
ˣȻȥˣλͽסķȻҸţһ˵ɫָ·˵סҵļңѧЩأ˹ֻһ·ι񣡡˵תš
һʱֻʣ·޶ˣСѾͷҿ̾ѣ㳤ÿÿģ˭ģвţ
λԷЩڵڲͬ·޾û˵ĺãֻǱĿ񣬲
Сȥ˺һ󣬲һһݣŵ˼̻·ޣ̽еü䶪ˡҲ˲ˣӵ˲϶̣ٿԣЩɬҲûԳʲô£һûˣٿ꿴С񼫶ȿ
СߣһṦһõľǸֱ飬δ·һٴԣֱʮ࣬࣬סڣһʱʹµأص߶
ųԼҲͦ˵ģ뿪ʳʱ̫ˡ
⣬񲻾ʮµľЩŻģֹƵ߶һööͽ׵ܾˡ
ʲôطʲô֣·ᡣ
ĸ׵İ¹ҽᣬԺҪҴ󽫾ֻͽҵūͣһλǸСۼ˹ͻ¹ȥҸǵǧүϲɱˣǰСĵĺá߶˵
·һ㶣Ҳȥʲô¹ģҪԺȥкܶҪȻȥȵпȥ㡣
ʲô·һ仰Чü۾ų˫۾һɲûɱʲôˣ⺰ںŵӦѾ˳Ϊԩ꣬ݺ⣬·װġ
һپǧˣٺƤλղһ£ȸָм


211 Ů
Ǹ߿λСһۡӦҪɱ˵ģԼʱ˿̻ûлָ¾λʦҲ˵ʥ۷֧ʹͷųռ״̬֮󣬴󳬳ҵʱܵٽ֧ɵѣûһʱ䣬ǻָʱ״̬ˡ
ʲôӣȻᡣ
СŮԥҪǲҪһɱȻ˵ˡ
·ڶв֪ȻѾ£ָһ㣬ԺǴԣʱ䣬ֻҪʱϻȥԼļƻǲӰġ͵ͷ˵ãҾȥ¹Ǹʲôӣ
ϲ͵һ֣̽һŤЦ
ȻˣҵĵСͣ
·֮ԱǣʲôͷŹСҲõĽз̫˥ˣ
Ȼõ˾ƷŽܾˣ̣ڶʹظ¹£һƬϲأʱȼʱٱֻûһ˵ϣĻһаˣСͽһλѾһֻһڣϰգ¾˿޳
̫ˣˡڰеСŮЦĸҹѹ
˵ʱѻȸ
ͽͣһλλ߹ףԲжʮҲͦߵ·ǰϸϸģǡʵȫǿȨµĲ
һһҹмϢ˼ʱ峿ʱѾԴɽǰ޾ݵĴԭ˷ӿܿһЩǸųȺڣڲݼƶɲ˵һԭĴӣһֱɣֱ磬·ǰѾõһƬĴ̲߼ʣ˵ģˡ
һǣһ˫ȥ
ŴһƬ㳡мٱ뺷Ĳԭӣ³ಲϰ򣬼޴Ҳûֳôľ죬ȻǾõһˣرλԷ󽫾˳ԾСͳһķӦȴǰ񣬱ϹϾҲҴ
ҵأʡ
ǰͣɴΪʳ¡иģС˵
Ҫˣϵʱɫǿȥ
ٲǰȥΪһλǺûз緶ġҲֲˡ
߸ֻúš
һۡҲ·ҵĴԺû¥󣬲һɫĽ𶥺ǽһޱߵĲԭϷѤûǰһѾأԺĴ
ԭ˸ܱ뺷⿴;ͱԭҪ͡һ뷢΢Ҳףһ˫ĿɵҪܴģԶ޳ĸ棬һۿᣬһӦǻһץһشＸʮľ޾ͺȻĵĴԺĴһӻĺХ
ž
֪ǰ򲻿ɵ˵ĹԺģ˫ָ߾ǿžܾʯһһޡ
ԺһƬ鲼紩һ׸ߣ
ϴѪļˣѪҺԳıĿ¡
һҲûУСѾͷеҴҪҵĶɵ֣ĹŮһΰɣ
һ£ǸֺҲһ£ͣڰգһ˫۾䵽һ˫СϡСְ֣һӿſܾܵʯͬξ
һһ̶ǱͣЩԼ۾
̨ʲôƷġһͷһ֡
ùʯŵϸ˺һ󣬲ŷɫˣ˵үȷʵǸƷľŽܺˣұûҵı˴󹦣ٲܴˡ
үĪǰܾ˷㿴һӣһ춯صĴЦԺﴫ
ҵıŮɣΣ´ΣõóһҲһٱޣ˵ȻִָֻŵŮָСһšȻһֻ־ͷḧͷֻϰڶˡ
һЦļֵǵıشˡҲûôľˣ˵ȥˣ⼸¸ŰİȴҲС۾ĺˡ
·޸ӸеԼھ֮ˣҲȺ
СǰᣬЩȻ˺һȻ˵ܶûҵˡۣƺҲһ¸д̡
·޿һϲкܵѹȷ޷ܡ
СȻط˿ڣͷ·һ˵ɣȻء˵УҲ˵öءǿκһλսʿ
·һ·һش󹬡һŶСԺǰֹסŲмѾӭǰȹضͷһŷС뷿֮ڡû·ҲֱӸ˽
æŽС£θǺˣǲһ·˺ۣǸͦĿӣѪҺ󱳶ʪ͸ˣλүһ£Ϊ֮û֡
ĵڴߣƾæңȻ̧ͷ·һЦֵ˵Һÿô
·ޱһû뵽޺˵ϷԼڵᣬȫ㣬һСǰʱתȴͻȻÿ·¶ֻСã㵭죬·ɫ
һ°ɴãǰ·Ͷ˵ſڴֵлûûٸҽŰ벽ĹأѾǲȻʽģΥ֮ݡ
ᾭһͨѾͬһ죬ѵĴͳһֻϻЦĴóһҩݸ·ޣˣöಹҵСͣɲ̫Ҷඣٺ٣ⶫɺˣҶûóԣ
ʲô·뵽Լʶ˲ͣιԼҩЩˣ֮ǰǲǸҳԹˣ


212 ɫ
ǲǣ־ػļҵ߱谡Թ֪ˣֵһӵģССһ㲻֪󲻵ģСˡ˵žҪӲ·
·ƴŷλССҲλʦ˽ףȻʱ˿̵·޻治Ķ֣ۼźɫĲ֪ʲôɷֵҩ裬ԼԽԽλȫС㣬һ˫ҲԽԽ˷ܡԭλСиƢԽǲԸ£Խϲǿѣֱ
ٺ٣˰ɣģö
˵ڽж硣
·ۿҩڣȻһܽ˵С㣬үں˼磬Сȥ˵̧ͷǰ龰ȷʵÿѾһţСһͺݺѹ·һֻ־·޵ֻʣһݻ赲
һʱܵóѣĸļǾӵģվ𣬽մſȥȻ뵽ͷ˵Ҳɣҵðι֡
·޺͵ĸںߣΪԼ֪ĳΪһ࣬еЦҲ֪ôǵģλСһ˼İķʽ
ںʱϼڵšϲû·Ķٵζֻʮ㿴Ż㲻Ĳʽ·˵㲻ʲôö
µӣЩȻζòˣüЦʮָ
ҵСҵ߳Ե㶫𣿡ʡ
ΪʲôһλûԣֻЩ̱ĸʵһ䣬תͷЩѾһһֱŮߵꡣ
̫ˣȻ˻Цңôݺӡ˵
ҲǣǾһ뷹԰ɡλŮ˲˵
ϲʾһߵŮһӣȻȡһֻ룬ʳȡһЩݸ·ޣʾˡ뷨СһҪм㣬һˣ˭֪·޶ֻҲɫܲơ
һٶ˵ע⣬λСӣĸ磬ûһµˡ
˺ţһλ˵;޴Ϊλˡ
ǰǸˣܿġ
Ҳ͵ķ㻹ͷôҪˣһλСһŵ˵ǸߣһһķʰףԱ֮£λүǼء
򣬹ҵȻҪЩأˣҲȳԺˣҺþûԵķˣ롣˵̣꣬ʼ༫ӵش
ܲ·޾ͽһӵϣѿ
Ƕˣˣվᱳһֻҹè
ҵţأүʵ
ţ⣡Աһ̳е
һһŸܽһŴţϸһ⡣ۺ۵һ飬濴ѪҺš
˽ӷŵүߣȥ
үٵһУһͷ˵ţµСţЩ۵úܡҪҪһ飿
˽˵ҪȴЦҪһŵǰһ飬Ե㣬һ飬ȴݳ
Ҳһ飬ۡ
·޿һۣȻת˳ȥ
һ飬ĿͬһˡڵʱҲΪ֮һ͡
ôӵˣСãʲôʱɱСЦᡣ
ߣҵˣôҵ£㻹¿𣡡ͷԷһ˸⡣
·ֱСĹ뷿ڴ߿ʼϢطһҲܣȫİ취ȴǾָ
һֱʱСŻصУһ빦еӣҲΪ档˼ÿкӶҪϰ䣬Ȼע⹦Ķָ࣬ߵȼǺձ顣͵ӹ˳һȾһҹ
һҹҽҽȫ̫͸С䵽ϣ·Ѿȫ࣬˵ܻһҹһѾȣݵĿϣٸǰķݡ
ſ۾ǰһֻ֣һ΢ɫҩ֮ǰûţͻȻˣʱۼѹͲٿ
ʲô·ü
ҲẦģ׳
ҲҲ˽κζ·˵
ǲûݣв
·һЦ˵ҿûףңҲƽϣۣҲ˵Ŀֳһɷ
һȻǰλ꣬ӢٲƯֿݣɱִֵһеӡֲɵһ١һŮҵײ
찡ָоԴӳ󣬵һδһкϵõָܣ
̼һ˫ģеҩȻԼУ˵㲻ģҾͳԸ㿴õġ
·޼Ȼ񣬾Ȼһ˵Ľ߸ܴ֡Ů
һȡһСķŵ·޴ߣСָḧ촽۾ðңصķ޲ɷ
·ʵ벻ܾɣο֮Ѿ࣬ؿˣС΢ţ٣ٲ·޾ԼҪˣֻ¡ʵʲôҩ
߱裬ǼƷֱҩϳɣǿаģȻ̾Ϣһһ̾ͬһȵС³չ壬ȥԹӻȣȤǲǡ
·ٿıҲžСգѪ٣ǰλħŮȻ绨ӵڻĳ嶯ͷһ·ͲܿƵֽһ˫ס棬һȻĿŵλߡ
λȴǺǵĳЦ⿪ѵ漡ѩȻ¼ľɫ
ٺ٣Ǹղأлл


213 
ʲô·޺ȹһıܲȻܺһڶʱһѹʱλԴҩС㣬ѾֻʣһǶҲѩɫĶǶȥͬѩӡλӳճЦţ
ʲô·޿ɲ֣λүɲŮɱ˲ɱӬѣƾܣҩԴô£ﻹ˵ϱ˵ĸܣֻǸǿж
˺ܿһţѾſڴɫ֪Ǻã۳£ǶѡȻǾžžĴ˻Ƕˡ
Ҳѿඣ
ӣ
Ͽ챧ң
ٲſҾͲ
̵ģҽѿඡ
֣ɧŮӣҪҿӣ
žž
λվȡ
ʱһ˷ɿܱ߽ܽУСãˣҪҪһȥǸʲô
Сſڴסˡ˶ǰСС˫·޵Ŀѣλ·һ㣬һʹ˴ʱ˿̵ֵ൱˭һʱҲƲ˭
磬סСӣҪඡ꣬ͻȻԣƺܽ˰æҲվͿģһ֮·ſץһ·ǰתͷ׸硣
ʲô£
ϴʱ·Źϣ۾Ҳǻ벻⡣
ģ˸ţĿˣôҴˣɫСãʲôͰ㶼øɱ˰ɡ
·һסȴû˵ʲôóӦûܳۡġ
ܣƥҵģѱҲֻɱˡģȻˬῪĴЦһߵСӺܱӡ
˵ôᴩ·Ͻ
ǰһͬŸģȥɣȥ
ðɣǷһ飬ھȥ˵ţûſڣȻܻ˵㿴϶
·һתͷƨһʹ䴲
һŵóѣЦֹˡ
·ްһЩĳˣһγϢС
磬᷵أмͽ¡
˼룬·ŸᵽһֱǿԼ̫ݵСһһĴ׳һ߹ףᣬٽ֮ϣԼһװ˵ĸӣһһأĩβһվԵüկᣬͬһֻվзȺĳϺ
ϲɫҪˣ׼游Ĵɱڶɽ˾ɱһʣ˰ɣ
졣ʵ˵ˣֻǲ֪ܲһͬǰȥ
·ûսôȤźʱ뿪Ǵỹн£뷵ȥǲпǲУһ룬߿ҪġλɫС㡣
͸ɣ죬ָúǿҵ󽫡С̫ͣˣ⼸նԵ㣬û㵱㲻ҪίҪܴù͸ˣŶ·޳ЦǼһƤ
͸תͷ濴һ·ޣЩ⡣һǸݼƵģվȺ﴿⣬Ҳͦй
ˣ͡ɣͽޣ͵УСͣСҪһΪ󽫾ڸǰһ졣ԺйҲºˣǺǣȥ׼ɣСҪһֱңҵҪЩҩ㡣˵ҩü˿
˵ʵ·޵չ˷ָģ׼ʱ·޾ͱִ
ٳԵɣСι㣬ԣ죬Թһڣ⡭
·޾ͦι㲻ιĺأ˵ûꡣʲôݰҪ·Ҳ˵һ䡣
Ǵ⣬·޲ϴصؼףܲģ˵˵ȥ·޵ͷ˵ҲȥвУ
Уż˭չ㣬˰ˣǿɲС
·ֻ÷ɿ촩ˣɵһ֪ˣΨһһؼװˡ涪
¹㣬ʮһ··νѾʵλͷʵȨ·ţ·ļҪֹֻǿʳûʲôԴѾϰΪ£û˻Ϊʲôˣ
Ϊʲôռ˴롣
ԭ˿ȴ࣬·ʮˣ뿪º·ռȥڶɽ
·޸Ҳû˭ĬĬţȥÿҹʱͳ˸СӰӡ
йǰڶɽɽƽ೤ҲûмͺͺġɽһǾһ¹أһСӵУڱ·ռˡҲΪʲôǴﲻɵԭ
ͷһʮӪڶһսһһأһʬʲôҲûУ·ܴ
úȴǿСڣ쳣⣬ֻҪͽ嵽սȥ̾ˣһȵĳУ˾ɱò硣
£ȤǳյϷһ·ޡ·Ѿһ£ֻҪͻȻĿӣһξȥÿ춼ڻָἫƵķ֣ҲĶˣѾֹһεϹƨϺݺݴȫļҲѡ
ǰԽԽʷǷļһ
С͡
֪ϸСͽһң


214 ħ
ȥǳػڣ·Ӫճơһ죬źȻˣǰڽʿѪΪ֮һȡ𹥣ؼ׳ײ׵ûһЧû뵽Լˡ
Ⱥ鼤˶ӺХų˹ȥ
ǧ˶ӣһ˶ӣǧǰȥ
һ˳ߵò죬㲻մһ㣬ߵǰ״һʮ˽ӵһѩʮ뺷ԭսʿϮˡ
ĸºӣмһȴһɫ£ʮӣҲûͣͰ֣ܲһһȭʮƥɳ֮⡣ǰ׶û˲Ӳͣײһ˶Ӱɣͬһ쫷˴ԣ׳⣬޲顣
Ƭ̼䣬˶Χֻһ·ǰУȭϣ֮
ʱѹأ߽Աϼʸˡֻ˻ء
һֻɱһӣ·λֲܸų嵽Уֹס˵ȥ·
ʮλʦ˴һȻǵĶ࣬٣ʵϣֵֻˣеλֻܲм䣬˿
õѸϢõûᣬͽ˵ǰͷһγСѾͷ໵һȥ׵ľ޺ʮһλ꣬ҾʶλΪгĽ·޵Сӡ
׳С
СʱΪѣҲЩľսλߵĸλʣпܾһλ۷壬һʥ۷ܸ֪߼
򲻹ЩλޣԷĸޣΪֹܱûͷųѾԶ׼
ʮ⣬Ҳû뵽ֻ֣λҰСͷ뷨ȡڵѾָ֮һγҲڴоȳ
ţرǿλСѾͷǰ壬鵰ƵķҪ˷ܵѽѽĽУģ׳գ
ͽǺ˵õģÿһ⹦ﵽʦ߰˽׵ĸ֣ǹ룬һ˴ԣÿֳһ֧ɫҫۣܲﵽ࣬ļн⼸˱ѾԽͻȻλʦ̺Ȼܾһ֧֧ɫֶܱˣ⼸ʮܲҫܵʹȦ׷׺ˣֳһƬյس
սϽе˰Ȼ
ҾӪһλʵģӥ̶ΪʦְҲǹʦӦĲλʦ˹һ۾λߣһЦҹӥǣλһʽһ
뵽ڣСҲ͹һ÷ɣֹȻǷˣһɹۣ벻Ѿλ߽׵Ĵˣϲϲӥ̶Ц
ﵽݣϵ»ǿصģ滰ҲһҪ˵ġ
û뵽ԷһЦ˵Ǹҽ֪˭¹ϴ󡭡
ڳϷٰλߵǺȻǰûһֻΣЦһ֣Ҳſ޿ֲֳЦݡ
ӥ̶£η·Ҳǰ״ʵһ㡣
㾹Ȼ˻ħ󷨣·𣿡ӥ̶ЩѿϵܵѾﵽװ룬ܲز
Сһ볬ңȴðգҪ㳢˵ӳһȭɫȻǿֱƮ죬һȭռŤһֻ޴ͷȻռ׵ķԲӥ̶ɹȥ
ӥ̶ѹǰһһͷһƬ⣬ȫΣȴһûȻըͷ˺ˣͬƿһˣɫռذͷƳƬƬƿͷȴֱȥХŻûֻһģһľͷӥ̶
ӥ̶ٺˣһֻɳʮ׵ΣֻطĽˡ
ٿһ£Ƿʮ׵ĸ߿գʮֻͷХŴ¡
ӥ̶ɫһ䣬벻ħߵĻû˫мһϣ̼ͬ˫ϸǧѹһ㡣˫ּʵʰĽɫ۳һȻͷųһƬܵĹ꣬ǰ˿
ײܲþòɢƬټ󳡵أʱλбء
ʦӵÿЩЩŻѪ
·һᣬܷŵݳʮ⡣ȴֻʣ͡򼫲ܲ׳ʮףѪ
ӥ̶˳ʮ׺ԼʵԷЩ֮Уܲõġʮ
ȻԾ˫ֻһܱ˫֮䡪Ȼ׵Ľ


215 
ӥ̶ЦΪ֪һԼǲҲҪˡ
ӥ̶ܹʼܸ׾ȫУʱǵѪѾֱ£̶ܲ˺ѿ֮춼ŵ˼µΣ
ĿۼʮĶ־ҪɥԼĵ£Цü⡣
¹ΨҶ
ѪͷܵܲԼͷ˵ʱӥ̶Ȼѽ˳ȥ
һʣµܣߵͬھ·
ûеڶ·ˣ
֪ܾ޿أԼҲõȫˡһҪļ
ӥ̶ʱܲɶƣɵסһǵһ֮أԼþǻеڶԼվһ
ݳԴԴϵע뵶ȫȻ˶ԷѪӰ
һֱЦǰҲһͬŤܴĿռʹڻӶռ䡣ȻռȻһʮֻǵǰɢȥһ˲䣬˷ӥ̶ɶȥ
ʱʵһײһ
ȻܲʹһսĴʦһηˡ
˴ȴи꣬УľĿһУ
ֱԼ۾ԼˣôԼľͲʲôһǶǵ
ô뾫裬ڳԽԼ⣬ƿصķΧξͬԼ˽棡
ô£
¡
ģʮ⣬ӥ̶ʵϣ
ۣһѪһԶӥ̶ң
һʮΣײˣ
ǵһʱվ𣬻һֻͻֶˡ
·Ҳûһ㣬ֻǺԷΪʲôվšʮҲͬɭΣѪѪϵ£ԼѪѪҺʧһļ٣ħߵı׶ˣħܳܳʱ䣬սپ
һ룬Ҳ˭óġ
ף㹻Ѫħ˰ѪӰһЦӽӥ̶˫ּĽ⵶𣬽ɱ⣬׵ϣӳ
ʮ׷ԲѪֻһϸϸ硭
û·ˣӥ̶ĲңӦһ
ѪӰɲǼסȫ
Ȼһɱޱ߼ʵһӰ˫ֿŷϰգܲλޣ۷嶼ǣɳɱռΪ
һѵ˫֮УһУһȥΪ˭
סˣΪǰĲǸҪǻܻС·ޣŹһ·
ֻһϸϸߣѪӰ΢ϸȴͬһ鶹һĻѪΣһ޵ڽ֮󣬻ʵһ
˫ĵӣ˵ܽذȻײʹôض
˷ֿʮվǲŵĿǰĶˡ˵λ꣡
Ȼһ޵İȻѪѪ֮ɨõȻ޴棡
ǲżһʼĹʦôһС޷Ӵܸо·޵ܲȻǿ󣬵ڶԼвֻǵϵĿɱ޷ӣ׸ĵؼһǲģ
̼䣬һɱǰС˶ɱӥ̶Ҳüӥ̶϶һѾѪֹһʱǻָ˵ġ
еѪٴλӳεĿ겻ǹӥ¹һƽʣһʮ꣬Լе㺹գԼʵݣʵɱһô꣬ԼӢ
ͬʱҲΪңһʵҲˡ
ǿСӲûоµ˼Լа˵Ѫ̫ðֻ赭дĽǰѹֵӭ˫ɢܲڿ˺ѵĿ죬ռ䱻Ťͬһδˮ飬治ϵ͹仯࣡һ죬ѿѵҲڴʱ
ϵİٴοԣڷȻֵܲǺܴ󣬵ѵ޾ɱ⣬
ǺûʹеܣһɱСӡ
˫ϵԲʮɵĵ峹׵١·޵ӥ̶ٴԶ
ɱСӣ뿪еǰѵҲħΪá
һֱԼѪΪ٣СӵĵƺԼĵҪţϺö౶

ǴʱѾ֮ģѪܾ߬߬ۼ˵ϡһġ¹ţܽһѾûˡǵŵʮ׸߿գ޶Ĵ컺̽˹ȥ
Ѫƴɱս
·޴ʱҲɫأ廹ûȫԭԵǬһûһա
·޿ɲӥ̶ںʲô⣬򲻹үҪˡ
Ȼ·޽ŷܣˮʩչûеȵǵһ£Ѿʮ׵ľ룬ĸͬ۷ȥˡ
·̶ĵ˸ǰԴ˵óܱ
۷Ц˵ɱЩݰòʲô
·ҲЦˣǺٺٵЦֻ΢΢Ʋ졣
֣
·֣飡ϵĸ޵Ѫֻ֡һУ۷㱻ȥһ첲
ʱҲѾϵһѪǰ·ٴʧһ޶ȥ
εȼ֮ߺСģ
߸ʦѾЩһ߳Ļƽ˳һˣԳأȴϴҪԼСġŤͷһ·Ѿˡ
·޼Է֣Ҳ˵ֱȥ
Ļƽֱӵţ߳Ļƽ˲䱩ǣһӱһ壬õ·޵ĵĹѾ·޵Ƹˡ
·޳һûչܱǰγһܣȥ˿ϵ˹糱
ǴеͨҲһ߼߽׵ˣǷͬСɡߵĳȣǿҪǵһߣϵʹۿۡ·޵֮ƾȴĵ׺
Щƽ˲佫÷飬·ϵİѾô֪ǲԼܾܶͿԵֵˣֻһ·Աȥ
·ҪĶһһ·භһϵĹȫǸޡ
ǸޱȫעƴܣѾĵزˣҷˣԼͬţΪԼܣͬභĶֶǴʦģԼвͽ׵ʦԼǰɶˣӲڻ¡
·׼һ㣬ν䲻⹥䲻ĵ˽Ĵ޺ˡ
Ǵ޲ҽһٲ
·һֱ֣ͣ޶ȥ
ҪѪɱСʰӥ̶ڿɹ˲ӥ̶ˡԼĸޣĴӣ
ѾˣҪ飬Լɱӥ̶϶µĴ޿ҲСӵĵ¹٣ҪһסĴҪʮѪ


216
˽״ʵװѪµͽǰ뷢ţؼɱħնͷ˳ȥ
ѪηֳʮӰƿʮ·϶ѹ˹ȥ
ʱ·ӥ̶С
˻еӶߵܱ·ߣһܵ·ҲϽһⲨ
·һ֧֧һһˣܷŵＱˡ
䡭
ûһ˿ɣؼϹⲨֱӽͳʮ⣬Ȼڵϣɳ𣬵϶
վ·޵͵ͺһߡ˫ֳһѪ졣
һϾ٣һѹһɫ˫ּΣȻͷ˳ȥܶ
Ѿ⼸ʮ׵ľ룬ıǿʮ׵Σס˰գѪ͵ܱͷۿնû¶ȡ
ﵽ˵ؼķܶĹǻǱĿ񱩳һһСС޸ǰվôãֱսǳԻ
һ׷ԲܶƿһеĵǰںһѪȻǰХ֮޺ֹϾȥɫܲѪһĲ
䡭
ܶҵѪϣȻסòƻĳﵽʮ⡣
·Ѿһһˣ˽·˴ԡ
Ҫߣ˲ñ˵ˡغһܶ׳ͬٶȴﵽ˼¡ϣӥ̶ȻѪܵ
ûһ˿ֿ
ˣᶴٽᡣ·ŵĴӪȻ֮λѪ꣬ǻʱ󣬳Ѿ󿪣·˳
·ܵüң
䡭
ǻĿǳ·ϣǰɵĵѡĻҲһֻһΣ
ǣȻһӦһɺƺƵǰ״ɣֹס˽ŲȻ֮忪Ҫܴﵽʾأٳʮףп˲ˡ
ʲôڶʮ׵Ͽնһ£ǿëȻһĻģ

ﵽռģڵõƷ֮ܺڰٸʦɣҲҾʤ
һƶĸ̨ɽǧƥƷţ̨֧һģǧ׾ʯųģǧܺ˽ܵΧΧĴǿ·޵ļƷܾˣ
һվڹԣһ֧ƽĹĴһһ¼صڹϡ
үﵽ۷үԲٴ޺ȻĴڣ˶ʮ׸߿մǻʣүش£ȻϽʢﵽʮ׵ĴĹĵĵһ㣬öƷܾٿһһ罣âֱ죬ǻ֮λ
ǧһܾ۳ɵﵽױȵһͨһֱָǻʵǣ
ǻʴʧɫǰƣֻӭ˹ȥѪַɳһȴǷɻ·޵֮㾳أȻһɱλꡣ
ħϵһƺƵĵ̻һɢȥˡʱǻ֧һֻǰ׹棬Ѫ֮һֻȭشĺ·޵ͷ
䣡䣡䣡
ǻÿĲӰ¶һ޿ӣһϾӳըʮ׸ߵɳ
·һ˫ֹֿɱ£ϡһίٵӥ̶۾һ֧ܱȻΣͻȻ¡
·޻ӳͬʱҲһ·ȥ
һ󣬾ƿһеĳȥ
ȻһʵһֻѪȻǰѪ꣬ڵϡ
ǻʵĺХŵļȫӸ߿ѹµһѾȫȻİһ
¡
һֻΣһֻ콫ͬʱ綴ĿУȭ޾ɳȭ
Ҳƺ޾ݵչ
ɳһ׵ľ޿ӳԭĵط·޵ֱţɫǺëᣬӥ̶ˡǰǱǰĴﵽ׵ķžžı֮Ȼĵϳһѷ죬ѷչһһĻ֮У·Լرǰȥˣޣʱ˿̣һʶʹ絶뵶ʶξ޴𵴺˵üأۡһѪԶ·ڿڣ
ִͬʱӶĹ춯أ⽣˴ԣǻʡǻһ֣ٲҽһͷǣ䣬ڽ⽣ĺ£ɻԼӪ
ᱳСʱǿСѾͷˮһߵӥ̶ȴ˵ͱؾӪˣºȥΨһһλܾˡ
ῴλײ˵һ仰Ĺʦ仰ķ˵ͷһŮӣˣߵʮ⣬ѾڵصʮױߡսڳˣСѾͷƽһλ˳ޣƥƷŵսս·ȥ
˫Ļսڹ·ȶס˶飬˻ʮӪ


217 ®
һ··޻˯ѣʱȻ𣬴һǷү㣡ȻȻ
ǰߵһ·Ҳ֪˶ٴκŵ˫۾ʼպţҪλǻ£
ҲûԹʲôӥ̶ʼձĿָ壬ˣһλС㻹ٵУϧ޶ǣҲܴʦһĶ֡
ӥ̶뾡ڣ˳ս޵еģ
֮һ޼ʵºǰߵһ̣޵ƥһһͬ˵ɳ̲ϣٲ
ҲᣬСͷʣ˵ģǺڶ۳ǧˣɱңҲ·ˣСһģ˫ڵϣֻ־ֻСϲȥ
ӥ̶ɫأͷХһƥֱʮ֮⡣
ʲôͷ𲻹ͷһڡ
һᣬͼһֻСںϳ֣ˣ˽ͣ£һ֮ˣ֮̾ڴϹнеүˣͷˡ
ӥ̶û˵˵ǿ컮ҪǾȣ׻Ժ˵
Ƕһ㶣ӥ̶˵ۼҹǿͷɣ
˵λҲûйķӦֻǺܺĴһʹǰݡ
ЩС棬ˮһλ׳һᣬС˺
ߵֿ죬һӺѾüĴһƬ½ءԴ㵽ˡ
벻ľȻõȥռؼСиֵֽ֣ͦ·֣뵽ǰ׵ˡʱ˿̣ʶһƬ磬ﻹӰӡ
ʱѾϰڰ߹ֻСһ˾ʣǿ˭͵ģ
ȵһλߣҲа䣬óǰλСһ֮ܳһٿˣɫ˯ѣֽӹ˵ʲôҲϣϱţϵʵ·ϣȻûм̧ЩСǲıҶģС࣬Ҳš
һһȫӥ̶Сеĸ˲֪ٱ֮ˡ
˽꣬ӥ̶Դ뵺ƸΪʦѾнʮδˣǼҴǧﴫ˻ȷˣǼĴ£ûص·һµӭǰǰ˸ںߣƺƵ˵ϵСɽ
һƬȫԭʼé®ǧ֮࣬СԺ࣬Ÿʽ߲ˣǰһƬɹһƬ̵أȮţһԴ񵭡
ֱӵ®ɡӥ̶˵һǵСᡣ
һ֪´󣬸Ͻǰߴ·һһ®ǰͣν®ݶͷˣһֽɫ̦޺࣬ԶԶȥȻͬһ㡣
СԺҲûʲôرֻǵ˽ǰû˸Ҹ˵
ӥ̶ԺǰĹڵϣͷȥݺ᣺ʦТͽСӥ̶ˣ˼һɺá
һһλȥʮ˳ϳü㣬һ룬һɫ£һصũ磬һº͵Цݡ
Ǻǣôˣޱӣ˲ɣΪʦúÿ㣬Ϣʲôˡһ˳
ӥ̶̧ͷȴϾʹֿͷվ
˵úذһüͷʲô˵ģһ˿
ħߵǡӥ̶
ǺǣǸûϢСӣλǡһӥ̶ѾɫƵᡣĿһ
·ޣ
Ŀռͻأһڿռ£ջˣü˵ʶô˵ܱˣϵһȻ˳ģʲô
ʦ˺ܱһѵʦܲ뵽óʲôӥ̶ЩĪļ
˵Щɫ
ǰʦͷų
ӥ̶һ仰һ˼һλȻĴڣҲ񼤵ǰһϸλеꡣ
ܴһĲšˣǵһˣǣܴôأ˭˵һǻǰƨǣ
ҡͷ
ż˵ιˣܲεʹ컰ûʱㆪ£
ӥ̶һѿʦ˵
˵ͷ˵һԣ̧ȥɣʩΡ


218 
С®ܿȻϷ£ֻڣôԶСֻֿǾСıϣ̤ʵԸ뿪ԼߡŵľϣҽСڣֹ᲻Ͼߣߣ۾ת˲ĿСֻûйĸܡиλԵСŲ£ֱۣ漣
ӥ̶˿Ҫ˵ȴʦֹסˡ
˰˰֣·ͷֻ޳ЩֱֻּһֻŮӵְÿ˫һСڵĿռһԼ屻һǿɿţͳ⣬˺·嶼ûһ˿仯ȷʵѾƵһ
СĿһҪ־Сˡ
ʲô֣СҽҸ㡣Ȼ˵
ӥ̶Ҫֹʦֹסˡ
ҽ£㸸Ҳ˵ңºһЦ
ʲô£Сһվиµʲôˣ
˵ˣͦȤ˵
Ȼ˭֪λǰĴ񰡣һ˵һ֣¹һٸħ߳ɻʵʣӴ²ϰӣ˼Ĵʼջλأ˵а飬ϧȥˣҪǻŸжáң˼ߵɣЩ
㲻Ҷʦһߵӥ̶ǰ˵
ʲô㲻λɣ۾һʱ֮ɵü¶۰
Ǻǣ˵£벻ˣ˼ǵãҲǸóȥػؽĺãٹ꣬˼Ҿһң˼ǵйһλҲ㲻һˡЩп
ΪʲôҪְҲ벻ǰȥʮˣȻİˣǲǾ˵һλǿôڹڵİѾ˲ˣһûܳΪһۣҲֻһˡ
¡¡֣ػºͱ顰Ǹ˵֣һ˵νģʲô֮ģЩԼȥˣٸߵߣеҲֻԼغ£ǺԹȥǺǣⷬ㻰ҲԶ꣬һ죬ʵûжֻ벻ˡ
ٶ˵ỺĽ·޵ͷԼ˫֮䡣һƬ֮˫һֻʵʵĹ򣬽·޵ͷ档ȥ·޵ͷڷɢӨ
·ˣ벻غͷʲô¡ʱʵڲҶӴţ˵Сݽ䣬һ̧ͷȻϹһˮīɭȻĻһѵֻһһҲľĵɽ纣ƺ֮ݲССĵ⣬һߵȴһƬգմһīƺ˻ˣûһʡſţһ亹֮Ȼ뵽һ¡
ԼСйһĵ
СǰӶʱһߵ⣬ǻҲΪ֮һ򵥱СʱͺȻ޳ħǰӿɼʱ𺳣ģ
ٿӥ̶һ¡
ʱ˿̵·ޣʶʼһƬ𺣡ʶȥƬ̣Ҳƺһһ֮飬޲ߣֻܿţӦ޷ƿصƻһ̣ڲһʱ£ӥ̶ʹĵ⣬Ҳþʹ϶Լ˽ض嶯֡һ°ԼҲˡ
һʱ֮䣬˼תǰȥһ飬ʶͬһƬ𺣣ʶʹ˿ຣڣҲ
Ҳ֪ʹ˶ãأһǿʶһ̣ͬʹÿ̹ģһ£̼䣬ǵȻۿʶİȻ޴棬ʣµȴһ˿⣬Ĺſȥ֮·޻Ȼ÷·ԼϢΪԼƣȫɵƮƶˣɽȪʡ
ɵãڵģͻȻһƬһɴʼע룬´ʼ޲һˡһһξ׼ޱȵ޲Լҽֻϸ£·һλӣදʹϸĶ
ʱţ·޲֪ڣһλڣİΪΪһȫµʶҽΣȫһϵĸ죬ֵ֮ģһλģһλƿʮһһĴ֮֡ȫµʶ֮ǰ˼֮ǰһڳɾһƬʶ
££
۷壡
ϣ׺ǿߣ
ԭһڤڤ֮ж


219 Ĺ
·ٴۣѾ£۵ͬʱоһݵ΢һֻڴԼ䶢һֻȳ棬Ŀ΢ƺ벻⣬·ܸоÿϸ񾭶ֻȳϣĵĵѳʱ䡣
··ǰܸܵķ硣
ָо̫ˣһ̣ΪԼѾǸˣǸʽĴڣȻʲôͻȻܸܵô龳
һᣬĿתǰһͷ­ֱչԼߣϸ˿Σ΢˯㣬һƾĿˮ¡
ʵúǷݿ̱ȥûء
ᡣ
û·޷ʶľ޴ı󣬵һ£ʶԼ
ûС
󳬹ʶտҰҲһ˿ڹӰӡ
·ʹ޷ڲܶĿռԵе̣Ҫһ޵ռ䣬κμռ䡣
ûˡ
̾Ϣһһ֮̾˯еˣ˯һ۾Ϳ·ʧĿ
ˡ˵һ䣬СﾹȻЩʣһԼûϢСǰ
ģ·ʧʵ
ǻºˣϣˣǺǣСΪأͦţģῪ˵
Ŷ·᲻һ㾫
ûɵһ̧ۣشӴ
һΪ֢󷢣ȴֱֱ˫ۣŶǽҲ
ǽϣһÿڶۣ·޾ϳǾֻǻʱ̬һɱ޵ӡ
⸱ҲŲ۾
ĵһô˵էҲһһҲҳ⵶аǰѵңһж㲻ˣ˵أ𣿡۾Ȼ·޲û˵ʲôֻǿ⸱ܻĻ;żȻģ뵽˽⣬Ƿݵ⾹ȻȻԶһУǾĵ⣬úһֱʶһġ
ӵ˭Ҫ·޼˵ҪųȥȻվסǽʵң
Ժʮףиʮģˣźˮ¹¡
ǵģͷ
ôĻ񣿡·ʳʵ⡣
Ŷ˵ǽϵѽûµʱġûҪ˼ͷҲûԵӥ̶ͷСݿһۡ
ô˵ҵǽ˵һ䣬·޵Щ񱩵ѾڷڡᶯʶʱʶѾԼ£Ȼ̽Էʵʻţ·޵һʱжϡ
һֱǽ˵һ벻ѹ˻񾭳ôص⣬ȻԼǽ˵û꣬ǰվһһ
򲻹ҵģһҲ˵ҲڣѾˣʶҲ˸죬ûˣõģģĶòߵġ赭д˵
ʵڣѵһһδ㽫ﵽ˺һĳʱõĲһһֶԼսʲô𡭡˵
·סˣҸӦĴڣҵʶӦô·޿Ц˵
һЦһת
Ȼڽһ硣ռһ·޷ˣϵĻܺĲ⣬ȭͷ۳һֻͷһߴС˺ӣ
˥㡣
ǰӰһģһǰԺǰλ¡
ڣղһ˵ܰﵽ㣬ָֻ״̬ǿܲհγһ񻰳ͻȻ˫Ŀ磬ֱܿ·޵ĵס
һۣ߸ӥ̶·Щ׹ǰҡ
˵ͷȻǸ˵֮ͣΪ֪ôõģ֪ܷ㽵ͻĵ£˵ûɡ
·̧ۿǽϵǸɭȻĵĶ˵ǰѵй£˵
Ҿȹ㣬һЦ˵
·Ƿ˼ҵģǮеĸо
ǺǣѾλǿˣӦм˰ɣٺ١·˵
һܴ𣿡¶СºŨ
ðɣôǿ߻ټ˵·˵Ǿͼ򵥰ѹŹԺԺСǣ뾡Ȿ似£һһʮ˵˳ûʲô·ֱ˽ʱ䣬ЩСǵĽƺСҲʶ
ţײռôﵽε˲뵽һӣµͷ˵
ϧ⵶߱꣬־᳼СǣȻ㣬ҲǸգʶ·޿֣˻ôʱ˲٣˼ͯȥǣ޷ˣһ޹ء


220 
ͣפ޵գǰһ޹أǽĳֻ˼֮С
ѵǰ֪һֱȴĵ·̲ס˳Ĭ
³̾һǴĳ־гж˼ֲɣʱ𣬻ˣڤڤ֮еע⵶̫įҪйİˡ
ת׶·޵޶Ҫѵ
Ҫ
·ѿڶ
ʹҪЩѣҲҪ𣿡
ǰѵҵġ·Ŀⰲ
ûн·޺ĻֻǵЦ·ޣ·ЩڣҲ֪ǷԼ˵ʲôλɲ⣬֪Ѿܸߵʲô̶ȵǿǰԼһ˼ƺ
һֱ·ѾͷˣԣôõİѾʵ͡·޵Լ黹Ҫֱץ¸첲ҡΣʹСŮֶ
үү˵ôҼСϿһǰѵأҶˣһָȥأ˵
¿Цãȥ
µӺȻˣһĨʧڿռ·޼æǰ㻹û˵Ĺ¡
ȻסڣʶӦµֻصºߡ
ȻԸ̸Ĺ¡
·ֱĸеǹһǳʡ
Ȼеʶһ޴˵Σʱ򣬼ǱڵǰʶҺ͵Ĺ£˵
£ӥ̶Ҳת
һ磬˹һ˫źƵֱ§ס·޵ĲӡˡǰһСý·޵ţѹ·Щ
·޸оãǻǰһ˵ʲôӣһҲ֪
Щգһ˫С־ס·޵Ķšһ¡·޿ɲ۸˫һ֣ץס˫֡һֱ˺棬һֻ߬Ľġ˼ûȴ·޵˹Ƥһ˫ںڵӽ촽ԽԽϢš
ȫС¹ײҲԽԽ٣ĹĵظƵʽֻ촽ٽЩǺԼ촽һ
ϧ첻ԸļһֻааһЦ˳ȥʧз߷߲ƽԼôҲǸ𽵹ʾãȻһҲں
СӣҪһ·Ϸ糾͵İ͵º͹ˡ㶼У壡
ϸߵ촽·ЦЦ
ԽԽ·ްһ˵ٺ֣ҾͰǹȥ
ȴһףСȭͷ·޵ϱĴţĵﵹе·ܰ˵ĺݻʵʩ
˺Էˡ
ˣЩٴ·ˡ˵粻ǵʱߣҲݣʲôͳ
·޲ᣬСҡڵ߳ȥ
ĺɫĺϣ顣
Ϲһ¡
ϵɳ̲ϵ˼һΧԣһ߿ŶʮصĴ㣬һ̹ܡΧš
ӿʱ̵ĿѾҳԵòˡ½½ĻȥˣЩŮ޽ԶĽת衣
·ޱҪȥ˯ģȴӲ֡
͵¹Ҷ͸ҹеʡ
·ޱǣ֣ϴڡѾͷǸգԼʲôɣ
·ᣬһ˺ϱĴͣסӣ·Ҳ󣬻˸ơ
·޵ʶӦǰ治Զһ˽аЦѾͷëǽ
£·Ҳϲһ
СŮժϸһȴ黰Ŀ
ӶԻԼŮ峤Ůкһ޸ĸĹ¶ŮĸԸ⡣Ů˸˼ңˡ
Ůкô죬кĬ˰죬֦͵׳Զᶨ˵ҴߣǼݴ뿪뿪ºĺҲֿ
Ů˵Ҫҵô찡кһŮ˵һӣ˭տǣ˵صĿ
кЩ˵ȥ޸ǸӺˣʲô
Ů˵Ҳ㻹˭ȥкһĪչҲ
к·ɺҵȻеԼϵķһڵϣᡣ
·ƣСѾͷʱѧƸˣ
ʱǶµ˷һЦкվ𣬺ʣ˭ǣҹװŪб³ŮѾк
һ
·޾޴ʶ͸Ӧ˵ĴڣʼֻΪҲһǽڿûô򵥡
кһѾ˰ѳ˲ȥתһֵꡣ¹ӳɫǳѿ
Ůֵе㣬治Ҫ͵˵
˵ǲŲҪѾ˼һͱ˽ᡣ
·˵֪Ůĸѡķ˲òҲɡ
Ů˵ʲô˼ңһûдӦأ˵㣿ߣ׿ڴӦҵģڵ𣿡Ů⻰
ӺٺЦ͸һȥɣ
кŭȵƨҪȥƴȴܳһӰһգۼ͵ǰžžžžĸ⡣ȻһŽ߷ڵء
ŮһԭǽŵĹæǹҲֻӡ
һһ˵ţ


221 
СӺܿͷ·æǰһ
㲡ˣʲôС
ҾǲˬСһܲɿߡ
·޸ǰȥס
ǿĴͻȻһˮ
СҺܲˬһ뵽ܼ޻˸ҾˡҸͬҼ޸ģҴӦ˻ˡ
·޺ĿģҴûȢ㣬ϲҵŮмˣҵ˼ϱߣֻһ£ǾûҵĵʥɻʣȻصҵĹŹȥȢһŮӣ
С㡭ô˵һŭˡұҽ¸ܵطô
ǰ㻹ҳ˺öҩ·˵һỹģһָˣȻһԴɽȥһغԼĴ±Ҫ
վҪߵġҲ㣬һ߲ġԭһŲš
ûסҪ£·˵ûһ˿ء
͸ˮ¡
ȻУ·ƿᣬһȥ
кں߸棬ֻһᣬ·޵ӰҰʧˡ
Ĵбߣһ¶Ӱܾˣûжһ¡ʯ˵Զ
ˡûлͷ˵
ʮ߳·޳Ӱ
ǰ
Ҫȥһ꣬ٸ˵¡˵ȥ
»ˮ»£ĺͻȻһŤͬʱٲȥ
·һʵ벻Ǹʲôӵ¡ǲһڵʥ۷壬˽ĲΡ
Ȼ֣ǿܲȶɲǼ䣬»·ӨȻסе塣һֱߵǰˮֳһͨٲ˽ȥ
ȻֳȻܲ͹·޼վסǰ׵һĻµϣѾһ
һܰŵºһСɽһģ´ӺǧֵˮľգȻ鱻ºĺˮ˰գһɽȥ
һ뿪ףһ죬ˮ̾Ĳȱڡֱϰˮƺƴֱ嵽·ĵطϣȥˡ
·ͬڿһξһһǰɽļĶȥ˵Ҫȥ갡
ǾͷǰβŵġһλھȻǿ־磬ʵ벻ϣۻţʲôӣֻѪҺ֪ķͻȻԼɻʺͻعŹ뷨ӡ
һ˵۽ҲҲܵĲͻƣ
ֻ·Ѿɽڱߡ𣬾ͬʲôҲһķ׸߿գȻһֻǰһһֶ˳ΣֻɽİܹⲨڵĺˮ˹ȥ
ˮһֱܲϢʱӵϣһͬµһ˫ŮӰֶˣգȻõһȡơ
һ£޾ſͬһչһ漸﷽ԲĴĻըˣͬһףӴٿһɵС꣬һֱһ֮á
·ĵطʵǿһеģθʶͬԼһĿ̡
𺳣
СһֱȵλˣٴλصߣͬûһƽĶź棬ͬո£һɵһ
һᣬ˵粻ݵģճɰȥλܸũ
ǰںһֱ͸ɲ¡·Щ˼顣
ǰͦõģȥСܳһءгɾ͸е˵Ϊںô·ޡ
ұΪ۳£֮ϣΨҶ𣡡
һЦ𵽺ߣһˮˣúȣȹˮˮҲá
˵仰ʱũ˵Ҽбһ
·޶ĿλȥǸ紫˵һϣۣµһˡȻУ˴еˣȻôҪдģĲҲ;·ܿ׵ġ
ԼƳĻ굶㿴굶ô·ޣȻԼεһЦǰǿģΪһ֪˭ı
һЦȻָֺ棬˵㿴
·תͷȥǿ¡
һѵ棬ºΪ롭ء
һһʧȥӰ
ѵԼ


222 ͷ
Ѿʧܾã·޻һ𺳵ĶƬ
һǰִֻС˺һϵֱۣŴѹ
һԻС·˵ǰһô
С󲻽⣬ɴ۾ϸ
·޵ʶһº͵˵ȥɣҵǴϵõʾǿģȫָˣһһ£Һٿһۣѵҵǰȴһѡ
Ǹأҵĵ
֪ɣҲֻ֪һʹùѵǰʱұڻҪԾ
ʹ˭
Ӧ˵İǰı߹ϣףΨһҺ¹ˡ
ϣס
׽֣·޾Լλû۵״ӣԼĹΪеԼе̶λ˵йء
һɡ
ǰģ·޵ᣬѾͬԼ˵ԼԼСˡ
ʮһƬģٺǰʺֻĵطȴ
ллǰ·˵һ䣬ٿת򶫷
ᵫĸš
ȥʮȻһ£ɸ£ʱһģվ棬ֻеɵư硣
·չָʦܣϣ¶Ÿᵽڵ˵ɽ粻ϣײܣһֺ飬һȥͬһƬĺ棬Ǵľͷ
վͷһĸܾ֮󣬶ԼС׺һڡ
һХͷХ·޾ϥϣ뵽Ϣȥˡ
ٴۣһ׵ĳ棬ϼӳۺ⡣ûûͷҲ֪λǿСһҹعͷϢķڴʯ˯˯˲ţȴɰֻ˯ÿǷצ
һӰλ񣬿óλʦߵúܿ죬Ƭ̾͵ͷ¼ϵʳк󣬰һֻϵһŵĶС·ϣ˵Ͻҽģ緹ɡ
һ̾ѹʱץ˵סˡ
ֻ˵
ĵĺ˵ˣܹô
˺ܼ򵥣·ȴԵú㣬Թ󣬿ʰ뿪СĵĴ򿪳״ǼѾ뵽ʲôˣȻ򿪺¶Ļ
һѾƶ£ˡ⻭ʱһֱصĸܡɲԸŰ
·޿Żеþòš
õʱãԭȻʤաʵȻţֻǿһΣеϸʵкܴ룬Ƿݵ⣬ȴ̹ģҲͻ쾡¡
·޴ľĶǷ㿴˽һʱŷŵֶ࣬Ŵ˰
ûСʵ㻹ۻȥɣСˣ۸ûصڶɽȥҵĸǡ
߰ɣҪûҵĵ·˵һ䣬һΣ빦ȥˡһֺݾΪһĿ꣬Լġ
ͷһ༫Сͬɽ³Ϊһˡʯͷһļ㡣ͬʱߴԼ壬۾ë
ȻЩѹĸоһΡӸĵһλǶడ
ʱɽǻؼңΪСȡ£ұ˵֪Ըһͷ
һ¹·Ѿȫָʥ۷ܣٶȣûûҹвûݵòӣЩˣȴλĹ͡
һ¿ȥ˸СȻͻɽֻҪ·ӹ˳һĵݸԵġǾʵĻǻȥ𣡡
۾ԽԽԽ˵ͬʱݵ
·ȰߣȰ˼ҲͲȰˣԼ
죬ٴαʳʱһۿСվͷӭ˫ֿһ·ʯˡ
ʱǴŲõġҲλʦһߣѾ뵽֮һĵš
ֱ̫£·޾˫ֿģһ죬ۺһʧ
ҵĵҲˣǰ˵ҵĻҿһӰӡûйصһԴɽҲûõġ
һĮ
ҲԷ˫ǷչõĿţӦŻǷ޾ɱ⣬ƺ֮ԼտҰһڹӰӶûСǿֵزʶѾԼÿһϸˣȴΨһûǰ׵Ӱӡ
ˣҲǰѵҾɽ˵ܰﵽҵģҿô˵
˵꣬·𷹾ͳԣԹǷǰһԣɮ붨һ㣬ֻһῴһ̧ۿһòãº
ˮƴ󲻾˵жܡ


223 
ڶһ磬ỹ̲סȥͷһţһӰɽȥ
ɽĽСǰ·վסˡòŽȥѾվ⿴
ûγһۿ·޻ﱧŵǷ
·޾ɵҡͷ
˵ܰﵽҵģ˵ҿΣҵʶﶼûеӰӣˡ
ԴͷųͻһֱڵģֻҲܵˣܵȥˣ㲻ܿõꡣðѡ
ʲô취𣿡·۾һ
ǸһɱĶҪ治ף׼ˣҽӥ̶㡣˵ţĲ®ɽпƽأȥǰɡ
˵꣬Ҳһǰ档·޸Ͻţߵ·ǲƴϣ˲ͻûӰ
¼ܸԼĲӣҲǰͷȻſڶſ˵С̶յ
ߣһᣬ˴ӴһɸǴӥ̶
һѾȫȻָˡԾٿ֮仮䡣
¶˵һɽƽأǧƽ׵ĵطȫЩɰǵСݴɰ䳤
ԶԶĸᣬܵǰҲ̡
·һʱû׵طʲô˵
ӥ̶ˡһͬڣҪʲô
ָָ·޶ĴӣʣʵѾﵽĽ׵Ĵ˵ȥɱ
𾪣
ȫڵء
ӥ̶Сʵʦ˵
㹥ɱƽþһֻϡ
Ҳף·˫ĿԲɡֻһ£ȴͽɱҡ
׼ɣҵͽǲΥġޱ顣
ģ㻹Ĺ֣·ǿʶȻ̽λڵʶһƬɱ⣬Ȼģûһ˿֮
Ȼһ齴ӴԼΪ㣬֮ǰãеڣƴһûˣھʱˣԼռֶߣȻײԼ֮лܵġ
׵ᵱȻΪһЦģ̽˵ʶﶼʲô
ʦӥ̶ɫѿҪԵľˡ
ʦԶ֣ɫûһء
ʱ·Ѿ˵ʮ֮⣬ɫĿû¶ȡΪʲôܰҵķɱң
ҪףһӦܿóʶѾС̶ļǿ󣬡˵
һֱڰң·޵Ȼ֪
Ҳֻ뿴γһ㣬ֻһ·ܰﵽĵطðɣ˵˵ҵأȻĿġ赭д˵
һ˵ϾûɫģһжõһȥɱСġ
˵·޳ڰ֣ʾҪֻǳģûҪСҲӦò˺һλү֮Ůӥ̶Źʦһְ
ðɣ¡˵ţɫһ·һ¿˹ȥЩǰ
ʱ򣬴Լİǰɣʮƻʳһ㻹ĹϵôһʮͳΪˣǺ˲ġͽܣѾˣǻĽϣʮûб仯
ʦµһģͽ˵
ǺǣɵӣжҶûءĻֻڼ˵仰ȴҲҵϿɵġһ񣬶ڶ̶̵Ķʮ󣬾ͳΪ۷¹ǴûйģԴҲû˭˵ܴﵽٶȡһλ۷񣬻࣬ǳǸʲôӡֳһ˿Ц⣬˵£˼ˣ˵һ˵Ĺ¡
ߣǻ˵β£һмϼһҪĶɱСһԱһȥ˽ͷһ𣬾иĵ˵͵Ϯң˵һֻɳ档
ͳ׷ˡԼ˼õõô
˵öԣҵǸӣ޵УǺǡ
Ц۾ݺɱ
Ҳ˵֮󣬺ܶʲôջУҰǳͷģлʼҺ͸ģÿղϡʱұǷҲǳͷֻҪҳ֣۶Էʲôֻ£κҲҽˡһԼΪǣͷԷȣųµһĳƺţ뵽ڹ֮桭


224 ϣ
ڹ֮ͿͬԻ˵вǿģǲǶҪڹ֮𣡡·˵
ܵУǧֻҪɱܣҲֻʱ⣬ûܵ¡˵ֻһʱڣײռ䣬ӶﵽܣģֻͬһߵλȻ⣬ҿռ䣬һֱ֣Լıռ仹ڣռôֲȥأ
еռ䣬еռ䣬ΪʲôɣҲס·˵ȻҪɱ˾ȹԼһ·޴ġ
ŶµͷռҪռģ˵ļǲ޸ռ䣬Ǹ˻˭أ
ԭʼʯ񣬿ԺʹʮҲˡ·޾ûҪ
ֲãµ𺳣ãҽ˵¡һǮֵλ۷壬Թ֮˭뵽ң͵ǸѾʤˣҵʱķ⡣ҪʲôֻҪſ˵һڶ˷ŵҵǰʱǲ¶Ķĳĳ£ڶҲõҾСۣǴӹһλү֮ŮʱųµһŮڳʲôӣΪı׼;ҵʱȻѻ飬סջһ벫ķġԵǴӹҵͨң˵õ߹һұǲӦģǿסС۵ڻܵ˱߹ȥ
ߣɫ֮Աǡ
ǰɫϣ߹Ķǣһ·ʹֹȥܵǵĴʦһλ۷壬ֻһ룬ʱֻû̫ࡣŻ˵ĹҪһʱΪһӦУûλһЦ˵ȫٶҪȥ鵽еĴӹ֣֮룬Ǵϰ̣Թأһ˻лϣˣɱȫҲãҪǲӦģҵʱΥңǶû˵ٵɱ
ڳ˶Щǿ־ĹҲһ뵱ʱĻʹѪɫһƬʵҲҪڴ֣֮˶ǿϱɫ
ҲǳȴǷʹ֮ɫ˵һѾ£·Ҿ͸еԣܵʱûж򣬵ֻǰѵؼܵܵתһȥը죬ҵİֱֻ۶úԼˣҵʱǿܲһĨƽˣҿʱȴֻһϣһмףܵôǰأǸСȿֻжʮӣһЦ˵ʲô壡Ȼ˵˵㣬£ݴȫ¶ģһЩͿˣ챾Ӧɱ㣬ͦģǰ;ӦӴٲ漰ҹ֮£ֻҾͷŹһΣ˲ѵá
˵ˣ㻹ģ˵
ҵʱƾһȷ˵ܴﵽʲô𣬶ҵʶҲ̽ʶʶһ򽾰ˣȻһЦ˵ͽɣӵ˵˵һ䣬϶һҲὫ쵽ɣһһҾ֪ҴˡѵҲ˵Ҳ뵽ǰǹɱ
˵²ͣһ£ϳ鴤ɫҰףȻʱ̹ģʱİǰ£ֹסĺ¡
ǹɱ֮£ǰѵͻʼͥԺҵǰʱ죬֮ҷֻеڣٺ٣һλ۷壬ȻһҲӲ֧飬ܵ飬ֱûʲôǰ˵ȫ΢΢ķɫ
ῴӣƲ죬ûнż̡
ҵʱŵñҪѿö࣬¿ЦһҲûҵĵ˵֮ҵǰһµҲûˣͱĿ˺һᣬҲûһ̧ۣȻǰߣ룬ܱܹ弸ף֧Ų飬Էܴﵽʲô硭ҵʱųʲôӣǸʮȣʲôҲǣϸĶ˵úÿѵǰԼģɱǺ׵ģǲǣסҾͰѵ似֮Уڱ߹ǻ뿴
ҵʱ˵ϣͶء˵ҲҺΪ˾Ц˵츳ѣǺúÿɣܰһЩ£ֻŵûҲĿҵʱŵϸһᣬһջ󣬵ҵʱֻǿ˼۾Ҳ̧ͷ˵ؼҸطɣҹмҹ£ǺӸģ˵һЩ£ɱһЩˣһ£ڸˣ´Σȡ˵յȥҲ֪һۣϣǰһλʮߣǰ΢ɰ
˵һΣϾȻֳܻԭҲҴһԼ굶ԴͷʱҿЩ룬һ֮С
·Ϊ֮ݡ
¿˵ԴҾûٳС˵Ļ˰ɣӰһһһ£ϣһսѩ֮ܣȻϣ׵ĴˣҵȻҪɱ㣬ȻҲҵģ˵ء
·޺һ˵ԶҲλۡʲô֪֮࣬ҴԺģСǴӱ߹Ժģһ˵ĽڣȻôͷֹɣȻմϣ״۵ͷ򲻹ҲҪս׹˼ҵֻϧҵѾˣȻҲһ㡭
ߣһ˵ҾҪƳǰѵȻٰѵҵǰԽҵ֮ܣˣһѾˣӥ̶͸ΪʦƳʣµҲʦͽ˻ͬһѵΣ
˽ʦ֮ӥ̶֪սѾ֡Ŀ·ޣһܳһֳֻǰѺȻĽܵɭȻһ֣Ͼһ
ȳְɣӵĿ·޳˵
·޵ȻһЦһ·ˣȥ˸꣬ȫ·֪սذܣȫȼս𣬰ϵֱܻ˳һ׶Զʹȥܳһֻ֮ħŵһֻܻȼգȴйɱӵϲû¶ȣӥ̶ЦΪǰ벻սȻҲΪȻˣῴǰѻ굶ģΪҲô׾
˵꣬޾ս£Ȼ˻


225 ս
û·Ҳ׸

ǰѵͣ٣ػγɵһӥ̶
ӥ̶Ѿʼ𣬿·ʥ۷ͷһ
ʦΥʮֻĲĽ׽ܣеĽ𣬵ǰһɴĵ⽫档˫ܻһ𣬰ѿռ䶼յñɫ
·޵һǰ״ѽð벽ǰһ֡·ֱܵԼһƬ𵴵ĺС
һ£·޷˶أ֮ȥ
һλǰһȰʮ似޴繦
ʮ⣬·˫ֻķܶǰɵһᣬֵôյ㹻ء
ڣĵĵȴС·޳ƮɣâĽ似˫ּ˳ȥ
ƿһеĿܣܵĿܶȥռ䶼һŤʥ۷ܣʹһﵽ׷Բķܶɶȥͬ·ͷųһΡ
ӥ̶ӱܶ½ѣٵǰһӡۻҡȻ˫ſţ״̬ƺӵ似·Ѿһǵڶɽսʱӥ̶ûôǿܣû뵽һµʱ䣬ƺƣƺҲһ
ܶû似Сͨ죬С̾ѡ
ܶӥ̶ۼֹסˣ
ٽһǲܵģһǰžıҵײ似ӴϼӾ硣
һߵĴºȻС̶ڸʲô䡣һλڵȻóԼͽֻڽӶԷ似ڴ򲻻ֵĹսһ죬ҲֻһǾ˶Ҳֳνʤ
ʦӥ̶һһͶڷܶϣը
˲̫ˣһλĽҪǿ·̫࣬һͣܶȥ·Ҳһײ·ɳʮ֮⣡
ӥ̶һ֣ȴһ͵ۿʦһۡ
ʱЩѿ·ޣٴ˫ֻֽȻܾͬ˫ּײᡣ
Ǹȴ㱵ĿǸֻǸһ׵Ĺɣ
Ǹ似һҪٲ似Ͱˡ޿κεѡ
ӥ̶ӦţΪһλʣȻӦõ似нٶȼӿ죬һٶ൶쵶Ӱӭ·޵һ
µ˵ͷͷΪ·޵ģ벻ܾ˼£ͷų似ͬģսĲλĽ׸֣λʣʤǸδ֪
Щĵӣ֪ͽܵıԣ˼ҵĶһҪġʳѰ
ȫɱ·ޣϹȥ
ȷʵӥ̶ļңȴȹԼڵǵѪ֮£Լѱ֮ʱ·޳֣ԼҴۼأһʧʱҪԼȥɱˣӥ̶οµԼ
·֮Ҫ򶨵Ķˡ֮ξ֮У
Ȼɳʯһɿ⣬·岽Ȼ޾ս˳һغɽ¡
ӥ̶һ䣬ܲϵڶһͬ¡ɫֱܻһɽѹ£
ӥ̶Ӧһĳأˣǰ֧һʥ۷Ƶ÷ֵһߵº
䡭
һߣ˻ȥ
ǵѷ죡
Ϣ֮ûУ·ٴη¡
⣬ɫĵ⣬ǧƽ״СĿյϺ뵶һ硣һߣλߣһΣ·಻ϵĹ£ֹʽķϵ似ȫ˳һζĵܵȭӡӵĴ򷨡
һȣӥ̶һĴӦţȴǵ۵սú۵·޽һ似
һʱܿȥʱȥ·ȵƺ޾ݣΪ֪䲻ɵսλ˵˵һй
ۿСѾʱСʱӣпһλս԰ܵģ˴ѵսߣ
еԭ
һĺúӣ
룬һôܾȥء
ս˽ʱѾûһĵ棬ѵͬոء·Ĺ֣ǰϵܻĽ
Ӧ·뵽ôָֻܼ˺ҲóˣȻһͬꡭ


226 ս
ҪΪʦôŭˣ
ʦҲףΪʲôλȹͽСֵ֣ܶǰѵڣӦðγˣӥ̶Ѿо·޹ܲȥһʱ֪òͣ
Ҫɱ̣
ѽһСްǸһֱĬᣬһֻ߳ܵһƬ⣡
ʲôҡµһۣһ۾СȻֹռһһεܲ͵ǰȴ˵ʲôҲ岻ȥСε䣬ǰжģ棬໨һСûû˵Ļӵȥ
վһ߲ڸһԶεĿǰһ涫еڶ赸
ӥ̶˽·޵һٰ֪ȥˣȥҲ
ֱն
·޿ޱߵĵռ䣬һʵ޵дڣ
ʱ·оսᡣԼ˵Ľӽ·Ѿʼ˴롣
·֧һûеȺͽӴͱ飬æ֧һܣֱơһ··޵磬·ޱɣֱֱķɳʮס
䡯
أҳһ׵ӡ
·
ۡ
һѪӿ
ӥ̶ԥһ£Ȼ޷˵·߹ɱ
γɣȻֻɱ㣬ʦΥӥ̶һ˿Ť³â㲻մأס·Χʮ׵ķԲ
ҵĵڣһġ·˵ɫķܲʹԼٶȸ죬ǲܵ£Сϣ滷߻λʶʮǿһֻڸʲôָƣοһҪˡ
һᣬӥ̶ֻýһ¡
ܲڵ£·޵ǰһֻͨصһܵΣȻ
ӶĴ·޵ǰϻҹâȥ
ǽλǽӵؿڴȻѾܲǽ·͵޴ϣȻһ۳Σмϰ졣
·޷𣬴ʱӥ̶Ѿξ룬һƬ£
·ֻˣ֧ܷ䣬ȻײУһǰһֱɳ֮⡣
ں߲ĸţᱼǰҲ
һ׷ӥ̶Сɵܵҵλʦ
˼ʣҲĵͿǰ֮ڣپͿˣĳͽСͳʮ⣬Ҳʦˡ
λ¹Сƿڴӥ̶ʦ˺һǧʺһ
³Ȼ⣬ǲɫӥ̶ѿһʦѪͷΡƳ·ڵⳡʹսȫ߼似ڻ˵ܵĹ

֮ܵȻһ壬пȫ۵Ϻ⵶Ѿʵʵܲһ׿⣬·ޡ
ӱ߲ϵײѾ·ϢңʶҲ÷ս⽫ԼѾһ֮䣬ûԼδǰӰӡ
·޲ٴȥˣ壬ãҲԼģһЦȻٱ⣬ϵöռָӭ˹ȥָֻɺĻ壬룬㻹ңһ군ɡ
ٶܹ֣ӥ̶һ㶣ѵҵε⾳ˣͷһϵĽȴҲͣ£ȴ·ϵöռָ
ûָѾвƴܲ
ˡ
ʶֻСµķɺҲһͬڶΣгصѹûжȴһȻ͸·޵ǰһﵽʮ׵͸״˺֣ȻŲܲȴӭϵĵؼ
䡭
ⲻӥ̶˲ĵؼ似ͱ˺һ˻ȥһɵĴһߴ壬ֱɳʮףڵϣѲϣ۵һѪӿŴӵվ
·ǰһһ͵ǰһȭһֻǴ󵽽ʮ׵ĺͷ˳ȭ⣬ֻӨ͸˺ȴȻֻǷ״䣬ֻǸеĻ塣
벻·޻޵һ۹ֳһ˿ͣһȭֻǻ˻䡭
·һȭ˺ļıܵѾԽһ»غ䣬ֹ޴һٱһȭӭƮһ֮磬ȻײˣĲɢȥ
ؿڴ·ٴη˳ȥһηɵúܸߺԶʱΪҪɳȥˡ
С˺ѷεĽС


227 굶
һ֮ﵽ·ڰղ˿ԽĲͬҲֹˣ֮£ǳ׵Ļɥ
ΪɽὫԼһ飬û뵽ɴȴͣ˺ĻʧؽָԼúõģû̫ܵ˺
Ľ·һֱԶ֮ȻһֱһҲûͬңһռеһȴͷǶԼܺð
ͷͷһȴһƬɫˮȥͳˡ·ڿһͣһ£֧һ˫Ө͸ı˫ȣ׹֮ƶٻббµķŬ
ɣһţȻȻľп塣ۼŴܵĻһƬǳˮ·޺Ľ²ɫܣܲ˫Ȼһ֮·ϲһ£ܿˣܳҪȥĿˣ
ǲ˵ԼѾԶأ
ԭ֧ͬʱҪܵľ֮
ϲ뵽ʵòŵģֻǻûҵеķţƽӳ᷽ȶ̶ܴҪϰеĶ˵ԸߣһʲôеģҪʱĥСгҲһܷɵúܺã·ֻһֱûϰԼˣȻһɳˡ
һųᣬĶһֹ֪СӻжٲΪ֪ľ棬ƺ˾ò˼ĶͻȻð
᳹ױСˣ˧ɣߣɵľͿһŰţ㰮
·ббĿ壬ǿɳ̲ϣʱһ˵׼εɣһûֻһ
Ͽգ·̧ͷķСƮǡ֣һ۷£鵭Įʮ׵ͷվš
ƾնûʲôòǸ׸УûҲµǰȻһȸߵܵȫǵ壬пڴĿվģ廨Ʋ࣬׾͸һϣɱϣĵ⣬⵶·һ۾ͿóԼǰĵá
һӥ̶һͶ϶ĹأҲΪǰѵͬǴġûǰѵҲԼҲ䵽־ء
һ䵽ϣʧȥ˺֧֣·Ѿܾ˫˲ȥƮɢڿˡ
ѾûһսԸʲô似ùˣֻλʵͽܶ򲻹ܿ۷Ծô
еҲУ·ùѵɱ˾ǻȥ䣬ʱܺϻԼܹƳڻһξ롣
׼𣿡ƽʢǰ˵֮Ķǣ·޶ǲΪȻȻԷѵҪȥö࣬ͷųռ״̬Х֮Ĳ֪ҪǿϼͲͬһϵģ
еڣҲһս
Ƿսɵģ
Ѿ֫ȫ
·޺һȫһ֧ǰϧǼ׻ףۼʧˣȻҲܵô˵
ûõģķһҲûУðεһҲż
γֻϹܽ
ʦ鰡ӥ̶Թҩ˹
·Цǰѵһģ̡
Թ֪ûС
ôԣ·˵
仰˵꣬д˵һǰǰѵվѿգ·ޡ
ɵò죬·ܿ߹ÿһӰΪʶѾﵽʵһֻԼˡ
ʵһ
·޵߹
ΪһƬ뵶Ȼͣ·޵ǰֻ΢֮һΪ
ᾪге̫ˣҲĵһΣ
ӥ̶ʦǰ£ٶˣ档
ʦȹͽһ
޶ԣٿأһ뵶·޵ǰͻȻʧһѾصǰ
·ޣһβԶûлˣ赭д˵ͬ˵һɵ¡
·Ȼڸղţ뵶ǰһ̣ʹѣѾʹķΣ
˴ԭȴʹǰѵһԼĳһһɱ·ڳ⡭
ǡ
ʮղأȸѪӸ


228 
һԣ·ɫȴһļ㣡
ͬʱ˸˸ûиղŵˮһ飬Ǹ˵ı飬Ѿɽɫ档·Ȼߴ
˧ԼʱıһŻʹĻ
˵¾һ
ɣٸһ·˵
Ҫ׼ˣ˵һٲͣ˵ţǰ뵶ͷ˵죬·˵Լꡣ
ߣҲ׼㲻һҪôǣСүùˣںٶһΣ˵꣬·ǰ˫
۸ʲôѽҪˡУ
·һĳأ˫ֿǰȫʶɲǼ뵽ȥҪȫҳǰѵȥѾֿ϶ǣѵԼĳҪһԵٴͷų
˫΢ţɽܻȫǰȴǿտҰûٷȻѾ֪ûֽãͷϷǸˡ
ĵţΪе׼
СζĽһкܶ˵ĻȻúȴɱ˵۾ŰеλǿߣȻ˵һ£ˣұضɱ㣬ҲֱӰɱˣȻ˳ر˵նûһ˿СŮӵˮ˭ĻҲֻ˵˵㣡
ɱңǺǣСӣûǰѵϣף·ޣҳˡ䣬
˵һ峺ʮֺһǵһλһĳʽһı޿ɱܣ⽫Ƭռռˡ
ʵ죬ÿһӰģôʵ
´ŵСҲԼһֻ֣С죡
ٿѹ·޺˫ۿ
δѾٴʹķΣһ˫һͬХӭ뵶֮ϡ
ڸ質Хһ㣬ֱޱʣСϿշɢȥ֮þòɢ
С˶ţעĿϣһ𺳾档ͻȻһں߷˿ͬһ·Ѿſһ˫Ŀ˫һȻйɳɱ˫ּ䣬ʵʰļ
ǰ뵶·޵ȸߣǰһ״ǰ㣬ޱʱ˿̣·ǰϢĵüˡ
ǵ⣬·޻ûܰγ⣡·Ѿƾɳ쵶⣬ܵױҪţư
ٿһ뵶ɻ˰գɫ·ߣصĿ
ˣʡ
·޵ͷ̶ҡͷͻȻĺɬ
ûҵĵѾˣ벻İȥȻҵĿǡ֪֮ҵĵķӦΪǴģһУĵ൱ı壬ֻĵˣҵĵǴﵽڵ֧֣ҲҹıģⲢ˵ͻ޵УȻУмѣκһֻҪʩΪܸ߹㣬пɱ㣡ҸЩΪҲĵ⣬ЦҷѾĻûпԵɺϣСѣлԵֻǷų⣬˽ͷǰһۣҲĿˣЦһ˽꣬һֻ鲻ƣ
Цռ΢Ѿ֪١
Ȼãͬʱ׹һɱ֣ԭֻλ۷·޵Ԯ֣ĵͷŲġ
лǰң·޳ĳĹȥ
¡¡ԶԶ·Сѣ࣬ͶûбƳֵֻ꣬Щʧֻͷܱǰˡҵʶ֮Уվûбɱ֮⣬Կ϶õֻܰﵽЩˡ
·˵ڣѾмˡ
µʶ˵ӥ̶ͽ뿪Ѿһ֪࣬սˣ湫뵺ȥɡ˴ʱҲõĲˡ·СҲɸһ뿪
ӥ̶·һӦֻԸ⣬ţôôҪأСĵûлָء
ʰһ£ڶһ뿪С
˶԰ƥ·ЩڵϱƵĽʱϣڴԭϳ۳ңޱȳ졣һ·СѾͷி˵ЦֻɳӵС
·޿˵Ҳ죬Ȼûٿϣ
һ޼ʵĴԭǲݳӥɵļڡ
ߵ紵˾̲
һһٶһ˵Ъˡ
ԭϼʮѼһ˼ңˮݶӣ紿ӡ
Ǽ˼ǺÿͣԼ̾ƣ̶óͣɱһͷ
ԭ˹ʦݡһλүǧһλʦͶȻͬ죬˼Ҹмӡ
ڶ糿˾̲ЩףǱˣ·ʱӥ̶ձ˼ӡ
һߵʱ֣ȴǰмƥ񱼶
֮˸Ŀ࣬ϵİСһÿһƥ󻹶˩ƥΪ˳;ֻ֮áЩ糾ɼ˲һˡ
Ȼ棬ȴҲûж롣Աÿ˵·
ͷһδڱ۵һͷ۶δٶȡ
һ˱ϵİȻ˿԰˼£ڵϣҲݣæһ߬ס˰ʹĶԵϵĶȴûȥ񡣷
ǵıӰߺι˶ЩȴҲ
ʱӥ̶ѾӵϼǼ£ǽȹ֮
ףĺöҪˣǲɵˡ
ӥ̶Ҳ˵¼ܡ
˵Ȼ֪Ϊʲôסǣˣ
ӥ̶֪ѾͷƢԣЦЦҲͷ
չ˫ۣ˸˵мܿϵˣҸѽӥ̶·˶Ц
ӥ̶¹ĹʦôҲļҳ˵ЩͷĻ·ȴЩֱӾʣȻϵʲôҸģһ۵ҸôˣʱǰֳһȺţȺǼ󳵣ŲжľˣţƤɢ


229 
ӥ̶ƣ˵ʱˮݷļڣ˶Ҫһµģ˳Żתôڴʱתأ
һȺţ²߰ǧֻĺܣ벻ļӦеı飬Լǳ;棬ţ򱻼ϣûʱԵ֮ʡ
ʱһֻСţ۵߲ˣվЪϢţعͷУߴСţԴӴΣȻûˡ
һ˹ţһӣţֻһһͷǰߡ˶ǵӵСţҲ֮һСӳҪСţϳС
СͷСţϳѽ
һȺܻ˵Ҫˣ߷ò˼Ҫ׷ˣʱ˵ţ˶ˣϳȥһľҲģ
̧ͷ·޼ˣһ˵ǰͷ׼ֻķ򣬸ϿתͷԶֻɡ
·ΪʲôʱܵһȥȺȥˡ
˾ɲǰ
ʱ֣˸ǰŴŵֻ꣬¶ޡȴȻ²Եҹ¶ӪԿ·޶֮Աǡ༥˴ӶΪ֣Ȼ·ʤˡ˫εץ
ȴӿĺòҺӥ̶ȥŪԵȥˣҪ·އˡ
һᣬӥ̶׽һֻҰãһƥǻ
˶ѻ𣬽ҰζڻϿ
ݲݵĳЩ⣬˱ֿޡ
ҹ·޺ԼǰһǸòݱСĹҲᡣ֪СӼֱ˹
һҹ˯ϷСԼҳʦ档·޶졣˼ҹȴһ㶼ں·޵ߣһݾ·޵ĸ첲ǿ˹ȥ±ߡ
Ǳӥ̶˯з˸ͷһߡ
·޸Ǵ塣
ɵҲóӥ̶û˯šֱ˸첲ָһķ˵Сʱ˵жˣϾжٿǡ
·˵š
ϵǾôţҲùҿû¹˶ࡣ
·˵š
˵ĻǶԵġ
·˵š
·޵ĸ첲Ϻݺšһѣ·޼װˣһ
һҽΪӥ̶
ǰ˵ˣǻˣ˵Թ˵Զ·޺ӥ̶𣬶һۣӿЦ
ӥ̶˵ȻЩĳȴǲ¹Ժѽ˵Ŀ·һۡ
·˵ǰͦɰģ˭̯ôһÿǹܵġӥ̶¹ĹʦԽȻҸ֪ϣ·ûǸ˼ϵˡ
ǰԼл֣ȥ˿ʧæ⴦ȥһ·̣գ۱㵽
Ȼڴˣ鷳ұ˵鷳
˫ֲСϣһʮӡ
ĸ˻һȺţһ̫̫סҾ˵кãǹȥɡˡ
һĵ̬ȣУ˵˭Ҳȥ
·޺ӥ̶˸ǰʣô£Ǽ˼Ů˰ףǺ£׷׺˼
ӥ̶æ̫̫ú£ǲǴˡһţ˵øԶˡ
·޼ż˽Ų鸡ɿ壬ʶСÿĲԭô³Թأ
۾͡ڴϾˡߵϸϸ˵⼸˰ҹĸȺ·ҿЩţ϶͵ģԾסʸס
·ʣô˵
ǵȻ˵ˣ˵е׷ǣҪɱǣǵţ򡣡
ӥ̶˵ɣھӶڶɽ̣ôеҪǵţأ
Ǹ̫̫⻰æ˵ѽλȷġǰۿϵİɳǱɱˡ
·һ֧ڴ֮У쳣࣬˶׳ʿǺܶࡣҰɱÿһὫ
ϵİɳǱ˵Ĺųǣÿһ£ԭϵľţһЩʳϵƽʱȴ˾סǸС
ӥ̶̫̫Ļ
ɳųڶɽǧô·ķ븹أ
̫̫鲻˵ѡȴô£
ʱһȺǨˡ
ӥ̶ȥʣǿǿôһ˵ǰöࡣ˾ɱѽҲϽ߰ɣ
δ˵꣬м˸˽ǰ
ҹǨ㣬ž˯ˡּͬ·ţҹ䶼Ը·۳һѣѹѹ˳һӣţŲһСж
ӥ̶ֹȥ⼸֪󲻽д󾪡¹ľڣ·ļʮ嶼ѾԽڶɽڶһͿأȫˡ
Ϣ̫ˡ¹徹Ȼ·һȺں֮ڡ
ӥ̶ʱ߶ģһĴڰ·Ҳһĵƶ̩ɽİգ뿪սġû뵽ȻĽ֡
겻ѵʱ򣬺ȻһȺֳֻ񱼶ţȺеı󺰣ܣ·ɱˡ׵̫̫˲ٺϻˡżˣҴҲ׷ŴȺȥȺţɢڲԭϣٹܡ
ԶѾ¡¡һǧ˶ӡ
ӥ̶һһǧ˶ӣµ¹ܵѸ١ֱӾ̣ӿ˱ɽ̬ƣضˡ
·Ҳ˹ԶһƬĻѸٽӽ
ӥ̶һ֣˷ֱռ֮ͨء
бӽӳ¿ͷ϶ų̲һסȴұ۹¶档ж߳ľȷǲ
ÿһ˶Ӿ۳һǰУƽǰڼٱ֮У˿ҡһǧɵʮ󣬼ľ붼ٱ仯һǧѳڴ϶žƣڲݵһһСӣʱмﵽ˰աӳ£ƳγεһƬ
ȵһ˶Ѿӥ̶ǰǰһٷ򳤳𴦣ӥ̶ߴն¡
ȻҰԣףٵɱˡ
ӥ̶ӹһ˿ĵ⣬֣
ܲһŵİ׹ӭ򳤵
Ӵ׹⣬ѳƬ׹ȫǰٷ򳤵ϡ
ǰٷӲʣȻһߣҧͦס˲Сӥ̶ĽܲδʹͣϢһ·򽫹ȥٷ򳤵ӱɳʮ׿⡣һڲݵϣʹ˲
ʿȫͣסӥ̶ŰΧ̽ڷȥǧ򳤡
һᣬһؼףα뺷ĲǧһĿúɫۡеһֻ۾䡣
ӥ̶һ֣һˣʵĿɳ𣿡
Ƕ۴˵Ҿɳĸһ°ٷ򳤣
ɳǲʿ·һν棬һ֧ãͻ¹ķߣֱ¶ǣļҵ׸ˡ׼
ӥ̶شʻѾ֣һ⣬նĲӡ
ӥ̶ǾҪġ
Ǵɳûлһӣһֱܳϡ
ˮˮܣ
նڶϣˮʱƬƬѣءɳͻȻֳһǹͨ͸Өˮǹؼ
ˮǹܱʢһŻɫŤա
ˮǹһӥ̶͸оؼڲͬǹһ㷢ϸϸһߣһ롣˵룡
ǿ
ССһߣӥ̶СǰȻǲȡơ
ˮǹײڵϣû̫󵴳ߣ
ɳͻȻʧȻ͵ĳ֣һһ಻ײһĽཫӥ̶˺ü
ӥ̶Ҳ̾ǹݣâƥ
һ޵Ľ׶һһʼ¹ʦһɳԽһ£


230 
ɳһ£һƬǰʮ֮Ѫꡣ
ʮ˶ӣܵһƬһ·谭ܵÿһҳʮ˵ķ
ǧ˶飬˶˼ƥһ·ٲϢֱºߵļ
·ϵǨƵǣ˾ȻϵóᣬҪٻȥˣˣүؾ;У֪ܲٴζء
벻·бϮ飬Ҿĺ󷽡
뵽еļ٣һ·УЦ⡣
ΧŴһһҹڶ峿ԶԶĿ˲ߵĳǽ£ѹʮҵĹнӭʣһС벻ʦʱһƬ׶
ڼױӵţǰүָӹǣĿѪȻܾû˯þˣһʮ״Сľ޹ľͼߣȻýˣ
ǿɻˣүһʦŮͬأãеʦڶɽù£ԭıѾǸܵУǣ·ͻӺˣһһͿأԶ֮ˣ
㵽˵زӥ̶Ҳû뵽ֻҪʦаٶ༸λҲνʦܹϣ׵İδʱҲҹ֮Ҳ֮ˡ
һͬСһͬɱǰȥΪɱȥĿ˸Ǳ
·޺һ
ȻүתһˣǰһסСᣬ˫ͨ죬˵ȥˣˡ
һȫף벻ȻѵĸףæǰסһȡһСӸؼĶ磬磬ʱǰӾǡ
һڳ㣬ǻϲ˸С
С͹ؼȥƾҳ֣СǻֵѾСһλҵˣ·޶һֱͷʹѾǷˣ˼ôʵϺкĶҩ˼ڵԼôãһҪȻܾ
λͣȻпȥ֮ܵǰһսǾ޵һѾˣע⵽үæǰ֣֮ʰСӵʱһʣֻܲλ޼Ҳλţˡ
үС㹥ǣ·޵ִܹ
ã˹ʦˣ
˲ݲݳԹЩھֹͿʼˡүԴݶĵǰϷɼ꣬ڼֹͣүӶ𴸣һšһ£ڴľмɢ׺ĴŻΪƬʯм価еȴһʯڣ
Ľ룬ֻʯмϣǽȴ֪жٶֵʯڳŴѺ俪
һУһǰȥ
꣬˻ȻδܲЩʸϣһ䣬޷롣ЩʿȻؼףҲȫڱεסһƣٶȡ
˴ǰнߣ֪õڳ£ϵóˡ̾мʮλʦ³ǣһܲӭˡ·еĸʦҲǷ׷ױϣǰһƬܹⲨܱХס˼꣬£ڳǰһ׵֮սչˡ
·һֱԣ񱩵ܲһ֮⣬һѱӨ͸Ӷķ˪ϣͬɳĻվǰʦǡһλʥ۷Ǽ侪޵ġ
Ҫţϼľλӥ̶һǼ죬زȻٲʲô˵ĳ˰ĹʦˣּΪʱˡ
ǰʮλںһֱưɱ£Щ·Ѿϳǣʧȥս־˳ɹѪҺȼգҪһϳȥ
Сɱ𣬳ҷɣϰ߲½ѪЦеһģɱؼȥ
һȺֱ£·޷һҪٽŷϳǣȻͣ¶Ȼתͷȥ
һֱߵһֵĿһۣȴλӥ̶¡¡Һˡ
һƬɱȻֹ˳Ŀȥ
һɶ
ʮĴӪһУһʮ׵˹һͨ£˽״ʵˣλ۵ӡ
˻ʮ⣬һͷɫΣѾǰ̵һƽ·ϰյĽײһȻľ£ĴЦǣǵ֮ء


231 ʹ
˫ֻն˫ѪעֻаѪûΣƴӵֱ˵ǰ֮⡣
²ͣÿһȥǿռһӷɹʮ׵ľ룬δѪѾ
⽻£һǵصĵүǹȥ
ձħ֮Ūа쳣˫ܰ˽ħǣ˵ƺֻһ֮䡣
̣춯أһƥմĵǣүƾһʦ۷֮ܣģ˫ֳ䣬ﵽһһöͽܺߴ׵ⲨĴѰöƷŽܾϣ۵һĿ˰һ֧ʵֱָħʵǡ
һ̣ɾײһþò·аûվŵˣһѪڳȥ
үһۿԼļףһ۵СӣڵŤۼͻˣλѪԭеγѪ˫ѴѪעХأԻӴֹȴǴ˲϶֮ģҪħͬھˣ
ͻأᾪĿɿڴһѪȴʹֳһֹЦƺһеܵһţͻȻ˻еСǵҵĺð
Ӱɣȥ
תλӣһ˽סСһ˴һ᲻λʦͽףԷȴλʵʵĴޣһ֣һԺ䣬ͻ˳ȥʮһߵķ³һڼѪٴϡ
Ľӥ̶ӭ϶ֵǣʱĵһĵѪ쵶˦үͬʱĸһĵӰһ׷һһһ޴ɭһһֲ˵Ҫһٳвˡ
ӥ̶Ľ̫ѹأһƺƵĽӰ컮ǣ
·޻ʱǰħʵǵһͽܣܷŵ󣬱ϺչһԱɫһ·׵ܲ
ʥ۷һλ޵ʱֽű䣬ΪǸСӵӣʹľ˳ȥһɾǶʮףʱѾɫ
ʱѾӵȥ·ʦһη³ǣ뵽Ⱥս֮Уһʱ޴սܲƬʱҪսˣ
ױȴҲ޷սţ˺һغ¹δ˵һսȴѾͬ޸ˡΪû߼ֻܿţ
ῴڵϣѾٳ鶯ɫһڡλ磬ѾΪһ׵Сӣ£ʹ಻ȴȥסıͷ
ǺǡԺ۸ҲЦ࣬ȴȫǻ
۵һ³һѪѾ֪Լ¹ٿˣսǿ̫࣬ʱһεĳϣֻжߵܵһװܱǰСᣡ
·ٴεغλ޾Ҳˣѣһ߽ڼ״·¶
ģֲᣡ·Ѿȫһ鷳һ޳ӰһλһЦϷŰĿλСĴǰдûе䡣
ɫķһ˺ĳ֮ǰûйģʱѾħٲҶ࿴һᣬеʹĿŭﵽ˼㣡
ɣ
Хһֻȭ˳ȥ
ģͻأƮ˺ЦֻѪ˫ֱֱۣӶԷλޣղŻһĴһɲʱûѪɫЦݲˣϣһֻ֧ܶ˳˫ţˡ
ȭɽ·޵Ӱ˫·ϹؿգĵһУڼУԼȻ漣ŷ似ȭǰһֻʮ״СͷХɹȥ
¡
һ硭
еֻܿ˲ȫȥһߴɳȥ
ʮ׺Ȼվֻܼ֮ܶһ֮жȥ˴ܲʮ׺
˲䣬·һչһӾͶΰĳǰȣֻһƮһֻȭѾҪҵϣ
ôһ˫Ŀû¶ȡλǿСֻǿһ۵ϵףߵܵһӣһħʵȥ
·ǿʶȻõһУȻһʱԼܰ١
Ҹղذɣи


232 Ҳ
䡭
ϳ׸£ûλʲô·޵һֻȭѾͷϣȻմģǿƥΣһʱײͷϣ޴鸡˺Ĵͷײ桭
ֳһֻӣѷλֵһֻŸѾ·ȫҽ˵Զˣʡʡ°
·޵󣬽ʮ׵ĸ߿Уǻһλһûû˵ĹѾЩۿԱܵħţʱħԴ󷢣Цϣһؼ似ͷųȥǵλûʮĿռ䡣
¡
֪Ҫ·޵һ
ӥ̶ĵؼ似նħˣͬʱүشȥɳ
ǷЦȻֻѪ˦ȥ
ѪӭĵĽ⣬ֻǰѹȥ˲һصĺһﵽʮ״ϸĺɫӣХӥ̶ѹȥ
䣡ѪˣҲڰȥ
䣡նħֲסʵѹٻɹĽϾԶԶ˽ʣοԷλ˫ħʣ
ӥ̶һͳʮ⣬ļܶȥʱ·һֱֻѪ졣
һѪǻʺȻһֻɺͷڴһ¡ıǿ񱩵ĿξȻһ࣬޿ֲڿƿǣγɵħο
ȻЦһͣѪ۾һĻȤ£λǧĵСһѶܵĿڶʮϿյȥ
ܴչԾʮ׵ľ뻹Ǽɵ¡ʮ֮ϣ׹䡣
ǹЦһӶûĹĶ֣ȫұڽ£±ֻ룬ħߵĽ󣬾ѾΪˣľĥһˣ
ǸصĽСȥ
һߵһʮ׸߿գүͷһۣҲܲˣΨһŮٳˣֹһεñӺݺݳÿһ޶׵ͷһӡֻλѪүֳܱˣŮø
̾ò˫֡Ѿղסֻˣûһֻģϣ𲻵ǽ⣬ѪµѪڹֱϣһ
ǵһֻץһץʮֻǾצʮ˹ȥ
צ£СС˲ãܹⲨ˲䱻ѹһֻܵƮ£ȥһˣ
Ҳ衪ӽþ
˫ȻҲݣ
úáһֻһգһ£ʮ£С˲䱻ɫħצ
ʱһ죬һδеĽƿһеһүһﵽٽĴ׳еĽ𴸻һâ
ֲϵػ£Ѿ˸϶һ㾡ȫܲﵽǰûеĳ̶ȣһȴܾҷɣһˣ
צһϣݿħצ֮Уʮ׾İգǰһ񲻿ɵĽ⣬ֻΣŷ̤һгʮ֮⣡
ͬʱ·޵һӥ̶һүﵽʦ۷һһ֮ˡ
ʱһֱıŮһͬص档
Ѿһ޴ԨĿӵףһֻ̧ȴ޴ɴˣүʹ絶ϺȻˮϰİȽˣĲ彫ޱߵūͷҲ֪ҪٴˣҲӴ˾ûгͷ֮ˣ
ޣŮΪɱǶ񹷣µأ۵һѪȻ͵·첲ڻ
ʱ˿̣ݼң·޵Ļһߵ
һЦ·޵۾ʹϧаСȻЦˣСҪˣͰҸɱ񹷣Ȼ¹ѾͷףӦһһ㡣뵽ҺҺģͲȣҪȻһӱ飬ҷĹһֱǺǣʵĺϣһţ裬˧ҪˣͲ˧ˣȻҾͻ׽ȥߣԶҵСͣҵĹסඡȿȡ
ǿСϣѪ£޷һ˫۴ʱ˿˿ֻϣһаĻȡ
·ַŵıϣϢ󷨷УһֻҽִǿͻСѾͷѲʼİ
ǺǣĻռСıˣһҪ
·Цϱȿ޻ѿҽȥͬʱһʱһ£ҵС漣ĻţҲֻǻˡ
һ̧ۣӾ޿ﻹܿλǻʣüͷֱ˵ã㿴ܿһ棬ΪСһɱС·һ巢ģɱӾΪ׼ġ
ʮ⣬һħǻʵǣĪһеһɳɱ
עղһ£лл


233 Ѫ
µϰλʦһֱƴɱʤֻݣÿ˶۾Ѻֵ̻ܵ˻ⳡѪɭ
˭ͬǻһս
ӥ̶Ƕ֣ʦ۷үֻῴŮʹ絶·룬һʥ۷壬ĽҪһλ˽ʴǷˣǽеύү֣֮߳ȥӺ˧ק
ģҵĵһ㲻Զˡ
·ọ̈̄
ӥ̶ҲһͬӣһλĽͬһλʥ۷壬սһλѾۿ״̬Ĵʣûһס
һͬܣܴﵽ˼ޣһͣʮǻȥһƬڰ硣
ͬħһֱЦЦ޼ɵԣ˻ʲôɲӡ
սɣ찡ӥ̶㻹жٽ
Ц˫ѪȻ͹һߣƤͻȻ۵һԭ˿ٴѣѪҺ˳⣬֮аѪӵͷɵٶȺ͹ģѪҺֳ֧ȣֻ֮ǰĸԿֲͻ󣬻Ѫ䡣
Ȼӥ̶һסʮڵĿռ䣡
ɭɭĿǣХɷ磬һ˵
ӥ̶˽һնħΡ·޾һȶֵģֻһֻܷܶɣȽһᣬԵ˫ֻ似γʱѾ֮ǡ
ܿ񱩵ֶ˾ƺ˫ҲܳأһɫâͬһܾᵽһײݻͬʱУһ£Ȼ·޵˫ּͷ˳ȥ
ƿһеͷźѹס˽Ĺâ׵ʥһγڼ˵ǰһȻ벻似벻似ͷųģ
ܷܶХſɹȥ
ǵ֮£ŤΣɵܵСǣ֮ܶڣܶڼħ֮󣬸ӵĿ޼ɣͨ쳹ذλǻʡ
ûնħѪһ׵ܶһ
ʲôڿεţѪ˫ཻǰȻһʣȻģռһѪǰγһѪʮ֣ʮȻ˲ûĵƥĵ⣬Ȼӭܷܶ
СӣҲ似ɣнķħ
˵֮䣬ĵѾռ˹ܷܶĿռ䣬ԴȻһţһƬ˵𵴹󣬾һը죬Хһ˿
СӣλʣҾˣϧ㲻ǣһɣ
ǷЦܲԴûըͬʱ·ޡ
·ǿʶ翴ŵһǸܣʶʱ˿ѾڳκһλʶһҲҳɣһĵ·ͬʱһţѾգбըУɳʮ⣬ܲȻͣ˰գᶯһеῴԣ
˧Ůɣ
ֻҪܻ죬һж㡭ү˵
ġϲЦ绨лл
ԺͽеϲŮңүǺĴյŮϣһ¡
һ£׳ᡣ
Ȼһɿɵĺ֣ͻأ·һվ֮Ȼ֮þãһĴڷѵĵֳ
ʱ˿̣ӥ̶ѾЮһǣⲢǵ⣬Ǵвܹ⣬ǰ״һӣһǡ
ߣҪֲҪĴ𡭡ǻһĲмĹͬʱĻбÿ˶ģֻǲͷǲܹġ似Ҳͽԭ鼱ƴԼ͵УӶ
һײͬСɣӥ̶ۼԵйǿΪ֮似
屻ĹâˣƺҲڡ
ǲûˣǳŽһѪ
ۡ
Ѫİ׿ռԵǷѪһ˫־ȥѪǰʮ׵ĿռǧѪӣ۾СƬռӽӥ̶
һѪžһᱩһѪ˫Ǽͬʱײ棬žž֮ϣɰٵѪһ㣬ͬʱͬһžžеıУƬѪ֮Ͱӥ̶ȫֻһת۵¡
ɣҵѪֲ֧Ľе
ռȻһͬеĴı죬ӥ̶ȫһϸѪڿ壬Ѿ˵ĽӭȫѪĺ䱩
䡭
ˣϸϸܵĺ䱩£ûһ˿ۿۡӥ̶ѾԵͣƬħϸܵѪմȫֺԵѪһմֽӥ̶ɫ֪ˣУӳ˲ɵĽ


234 
ʱ˿̣ڰе·Ѿ˫Ͻ˵ڶܷܶǵǵǰλһӥ̶ǰ似ܸ͵ϣֻ˫ţƾҵ϶Ϣͷųȥ
䡭
ֻ£Ѫͽըˣ
Ʈˣһ˾ʮף
ӥ̶䵽ϣȫڣĽ׵ܰ£ûȥֻ˵üأԭã֮С
ֻʣ˶ˣһλʰ˽ףһλʥ۷壡·һܣ·㳹ܣ˭վǻǰأ
һʱ䣬ڵĸŮʮѪʿһͬλ޳壬ͣڰյ̫꣡ˣ˶޷߹λԵǵǻǰһء
ô롣ϣԵĽǲѡ
ʱ˿̣пһۿڵ·޽ϵĹܷܶͷ˳ȥ
ȻƿһеÿռһŤ
ǹЦ˫һţʮɫĿδı󼤷ɶǰһ׳Ĵﵽ״ϸܷܶӹȥ
¡¡Ĵ죬ʹࡣҲڲһ似һħ似òϢ
·վ̫ܲˣ似Ǳˣನֱϼײ˹ȥ
ʱһ䣬ҲѾڿУڿԣ·޵ĵһοеսڴչˣ
£ʮλʦȻսѾһ˻˻һƬѪܵĲң
СӣȤȤһʥҵҵǰԼͦЦϺʹĹϵⶼֲôΪԼλʻţһָλУӼң
ҲҪЩߣҾͷһ··˵
һ˵ǾһЦããҿܵҼʱУкҪǻţҾͷŹһ𣿡
һϷŰĶ·ޡ
ãҪףкһţһ㡣ȻֻǸʥȡҲʥսɣԶף˵Ҳޡ
˵˫ֿǰһ˫Ŀ̫ܷܲ࣬ܶҲûд繦˵ˣκʱ似λǻ涼ͽ͵ģֻһ·ǾǼڵȻ·һ򲻹Ӳʮ˿ˣҲ̫ʮˣλСȴ޷µġһսΪһƴ
·֪Լһ˵ǣ·ˣ˰ε벻ܻǻʵİ취
似Ҳˣεɣ·˫һգȫʶͷųսʶ
ֻǰѵڲ֪ĵطټ
ɣǾս
ӣѩ׵ķɺҲͷ˳·óĶȫóˡҲֻзɺпܾҲ·뵽ĽɺܹԱģУҲܸӦֻԵĴ
ҲλħôֻɺĸΣǺµ
ҡͷ·ûлش״̬治Ὣʲôǻʷﵽռ䣬һ˽ڲУֻܿһѵ
Ĺ춯ǻʸӵĲм
һλ۾ʥòųΨһ֮ͬǰǸ似ۿСӷˣǻʲôɴ㻹ܷų似ô似һʥ۷ܷɵҲͽˡ
ЦеǻʣѪ֣ǰһѪ⣬һѪ˲ﵽ·޵ǰ
·ȫ·ƬѪĵɡȻǿɽĸ߽似ǰһ
ʮ׵ľ룬Ƭռȫ䵽Ѫ쵶
ǲ̵ЦţĿꡣһ̫ˣҲʱ̡
Ѫٿǰ
·ܿڿеĲӰÿһ׶ڼ٣ȻܹһȻֹˮȻĸӦڵĳһӿ
ȫǶǵصɱĻش𣬵𵴶
ˡ
ռͬʱڲԶڰŮҲӦ
͵ϵı飬޷Ȼֻһλʥġ
ǡѪ˫ۣǰ
Ȼ˫ֿѪ˲䣬˵𵴱߳һƬٱĵ·޵˫ּҡֱϣֹţ޾ɱ˫бŷأǰѪƬʵʰĵǰ
ֱʧ·޻˫ֿţһվڿСʮ׵ľ޴ڶ
ȫǱߵսͣ
ʣļʮλʦ㶵Ŀ֮ս벻׵׷ʲôȻһλǻʵһ޹
үźĿһۻŮΪʲôŮһλСġŮʱ˷ܣͬսģԼ
ͣС˭û˧
ǻЦˣЦﶼŭ𣺡ŪаĹҲֻܵһ£㿴үүĵؼɡȥ
վţĳ裡һλ˽ʰһ߽׹ѾǶʥĸ߿ˣûСӾȻһӵ˼㡣ƫƫһ䣬ΪеһȻԶʧˣ˵Լħߣ˵һУ
Хйǻʱϵβ˰ķǣ˫֮һѪעֻϵѪܲﵽ˼¡ٴλ𡭡
ʮֽ壬ѪһһһѪʮٴγΣķɹʮ׵ľ·ޡͬʱХħĿȻ·޵ͷϣڴһɣͬѪ
ؼĹƬռŪɭֲ·޵ڿǺѪÿЦȻͷ˫ֿһ
ڣѾõһƬ׹֣Ӱôؼδһɳɱ֮Ѿѹ·޹죬޴ѹ£ƬѾһηֶˣǰ
ˡ
һ󣬿ռ𵴴ﵽ㣬ǵ˲ʧѪһͣ·ǰȥ
ǼԼ۾ĶΣһСʥٲһķʽĵؼȻɫȻûܵ˺ҾȻһ˿Цϣһֿϲ
ɣɵǻʣһԣСү
·ЦšһĹѾӰˣֻҪΪһΣţܰε壬ģѾģ
ʾղأŰĽ꣬صԴɽеĺÿˡҰæղһ°ɡ


235 
ǻʲŵһ֣λСʥϡ
һѪһ߰͵ħѪԴȪһδѪҺʧѾе˼ȵһΣҪõħԲòһſѿľ죡
ۡһѪ׹Ѫɣ
ǧѪռǰʮ׿ռ䣬ͬɢĺɫʯ漣ڿУŲԶ·ȥѪľɫĿ֮ͻȥܶﵽ۷״̬һ̣еһз·ֹˣû˷磬Ҳû⣬гȥԵȷ⣬Ƭ׵һѹھֹе·ޡ
ǻʵ˫׹£·޸ܵ˴ûеııһ˲亹ֱɭɱͨǻʵֱ·޵ʶɱһУ
·˫ּ俪ʼȣ𵴲Ϣ
ʮ濴ǶˣǰսѾʧȥˣֻ˲ܾⳡԭĴϴƣǸʲôĽ֡
һѪ鵽·޵ǰϢ뵽֮ǰӥ̶һըüңۿһĻݣҲֹͣˡ
ɲǼ䣬Ѫļ١Ȼ·޵档
䡭һεѪб··飬ЦЦü⡣
ϸܵѪٴθһΣӥ̶ҵö࣬ؾʲôʣ
Ǵʱ˿̣ºߵǣƬأһǻصĳ֮֮谭֮䡣
·޿˫ϣһֻȸߵĵһ֣͸һ£ʱ˵㣡
廹һڣϵĹ·飬ĵȴû˿üһ׿йⲻûͺɢˡ
·ЦŻһȦ⣬ǻȻıѪ鱻øɸɾ·ǰʮ׵Ŀռ䣬һһ֣һչѾǻʷ˹ȥ
ǻʺ߹һ˫ٴѪעֻѪ֣ǰ˼¡Ѫɫ⣬ɫħܲһͬٷɽ·ޡ
·Цţ˵ˣûɱң͸ȡĽˡ
Ų׳ѹޱߵѪѾչ˻״̬·һ֣·Ҳ˵һ֣ϣһ·ͨأ漸ٵƬһһĴǻʵ壬֣λһǻʣͬѪһ㣬ɼ壬䡣
·ûлͷҲûǻʵռ̬ڿеȸߵ׻굶ֿͬ˼ʮصѣ׵ѪЦûеͨ죬·޵Ǽƻ͵һˡ
ǸռҵģԴɽŰɣˡ
չ²ͣ·ǰڵʯںȥһʯм׷ɣڱһ֮ˣ䵽ϣ˫û¶ȵĿ˿Ѿľ·ʦǡ۹ɨÿ϶һ
ǻô·һϷŰѡ
ѹ·ʦǣɱȥһɲʱҵܲǰ䡣ս·ʦ̾൹ڵϣҲ
ڵүŮһӣһӣǡ
ʮ纣Х˹ʮϵؾǷŹһŲӣȻ˸ŲӴڡ
ʮһǡһʱٴɱӭʮĵоǻϢ·Ѿתͷˡһͨ׷ɱֱҹ١
·ûиӳڸҪǣԵүһλ˲һʧ
·޽Ѿڻ״̬еŵϣСͷγǸпˡ˫ıϣλһٲһеĳǻʵ龰ܵôСȻȫȻˡ治֪ѪŵѪǻ𡣿֮ǰɱܼҵ£٣ǲ˼ģһˣһŭɱˣ˵Ե쾭塣
ҽһڣ·޿˵ѵľ࣬ʲô֧ڻںһͰֱڶŽ͸֧·޵ͷ˯⣬һǧ˶Ϣֱؼ˵֣Դ
û˲·޵лԽ롣Ҳ֪еǴŲõġ
£·ڻָ͸֧з֪ģţٶȳ졣
һ죬Ƶ·޷Ȼۿһۣ۾ˡ
ˣ·޾ϲǴὫĲٵˡ
һȴϲӣЦüģҲжϣﻩġ
˧ȻȥһŤЦ


236 
һѣү˼졣
һսԭѾͳһƿءȻ࣬˭ңײǸܲٱ仯ġֻЩ
ӥ̶˸һֱչѾΪԭһʦҲǿߵݳ֡Ȼ֪ºĳϣһλҫԴصһλ۷ڵĴڡ
ĵڶ죬·˵ʲôҲҪԺˡ
үҪŮ͸ģͬʱҲʾɣҲ£·ʼյȻԣΪĺܼ򵥣صԴɽȥȡǵռ󣬾ֱӻعŹȥԺڹŹɡƽƽĹһս֮û顣һӦе
һҪģǾļ壬֪ʲôԭʹԶ硣⹫һƲס׼ңһЩǡ
·ˡһ֧Сӣָ·޽Ҫ𣬰£
·ֻЦҲûжСǰתһ׺ݵļܵĲϡ
˵㻹߲ߣ׼ĽССһ̽뵽ѪҲ
·޲赽ɱԼĵزҲͦջ𡣺Ȼ̧˦ƨһƣѻûõһ⡣
Сҵ˽ڣϷޡһԺӵǣ˵սľ鲻ãпɱ˵ġ
޲֣Ǽĵ°
үֻһȥ·޳һֱϣɫεү˵
Ҳã·±֮ԭһù֮
Ȼֹס˿޵þ춯أֹҲõɲһ㣬Ȼֹûһˮ
Ҹȥ˵һ·ëȻĻ
㲻ȥǳŵģС¶˵˵ѵҲǸԺҵǾ˵ϱô죡˫ֲȻ˵óҲһõ
Ҫô˵Ҿһ㣡·һ̺ھȻ
ҵأСѾͷڳһ
û취·޲Ǳˡǰȥֻ첲Ť˱󡣶˵ʵ𣿡
һԼǲԭСԼǰŮҪǴȥôˡ
ҪǼѵ⣬һ˼ԼжŮ˼һֽôүֻվЦ
·޼û˴𻰣㽫ڼϡĴãصԼȻڴϣ͡һѾ˺ǰ·
һʣʲô룬ҲҪ
·һԲ²ͣϵ·˺˸顣£СҲ˺ˡһֺСվڵϡ·ֽĶһųš
Ȼ׷˳С·ң
·޴һ˰Ժ̽Ůʵʲô£
Ȼ󵨣ϾŮӣ·ǰæػصС
·޶ԽŮ˵ȥЩѹΧסҪд̹ҪáŮ֪׼ĲϣĸҲһվڹԺ
·뿪ԺӣֱҵҪһֻ˱Ժȥָ߶ȹ£¹ڴֵһ¡ԺǴֻаˡ
ţʶ׷ŤͷһԶһСڵ㣬ҲһͷһӰ˭
·ǷѾͷƬ겻ɢģ
·޵Ҫö࣬ԽԽӰҲԽԽ
ʱѾɳ˲ԭɽ֮Сɽ
·ȻԦ¸壬ֱ˴
ߺ󣬺ò׽غ˶ˣȥ˼·ҴҴϡǰ·޵ȥһһֻõ׷·ޡ
ʱɽ˴֣ҲżӸ߿շ¡
ľеĸߴףеСֻʮףľȴףߵʹ䣬ѡЩطҪս˳ӲͨȻҪļ³򣬲Ųڵȥ
·룺˵Ϊɣʲô·ԭִ裬ȷҪ·ġ
Ȼǰһľȫ޳һƬճ
ԭﾹȻһӡԲʮ¿סġʱмֻɳ¸µĽص
濴һȦ̵ΧУһĺڶ
·޴ɽһĶڱֱ˿ûԮĵطûȥ
˳ŶһȦȦ䡣ڿ˿ӵסܿµľ
̦м겻֪ĹҲ֪ܲܳԡԶһٲ齦ڿӵ׵̶С̶вʱڳβ㣬̴̵ҡڼ£̶С̶ˮ磬г·
·޽ͣڿӵף񱳡һʱӼ꣬ʱ䳤ҲҲͻȥˡ
ʶڿӵɨһ飬ûʲôޣصĴĺõط
̧ͷ붥ǧסӱߵӴ󣬶мֻһСա
ȴһֻӶϷ˹ȥһˡ
·ް̾һǷС椡ƶľѵã
һᣬżϸ߿գԴɽķȥ
֪··һܴ䣬мɽжɹһҹڶڰʱֿƬޱߵĴǡ
á
ƬҪҵԺֳ˷ݼ޵£һһֱ˽һʱڰϳǸŵȥڴƺϡʱ˿̵ĴƺѧԱڴչ似ͼ콵Ҳ棬һۣǸŲµ꣬Ҳûˡ
ٽǴᣬطն࣬Ҷǳͼֲˡ
·ƮȻµأ˷񣬾ֱԼľȥһ·ϵٵĳߣԺδ죬һǿ;ڴˣ¼ʮˣһ̤ڹŹѧԱСԺʱˡ
Ժһͷޣëף׶һͷçţֱ·ޣΪơ
ߴˡ
·޸һ룬ԺһѾһվﲻˡ
·磡
üĿ续һʼʣǹ׻㡣
է·ޣλŮӾϲΪݵ·磬ڽûϢ߸ΪС͵͵ռˣҲˣˣͻȻ̧ͷ䣬Ȼվʮſڴβ֡
еʪǰȥһסȴһ仰Ҳ˵ֻһЦһͷվˮε¡
·磬̫ˣ㻹ţΪҲˡ
·һЦ˵û£һͷţΪߴˡǻðɣ
á˵һ䣬·Ѿ֮࣬ǰûеϡ
˶˳ϾĻȻҲǶȻ֮Ѿãһ·ҡݡþòš
ʲôˣŹάһͬһһСüǡ
ŶǽŴӹŹѧܣά˵
ŶŶ˵СӾȻ˵ͷܸͷӦòȥҲСӣòĵĵͬк
־ٲϷſû·޵ЩӣǲڵļֵɽΣ֮ʱһȺˣһݸм˵ĸһ
пˣ·޿һǰһһСϵĳƽƽʮӣ¶âվ·һ۾֪һԾȴһλҲһòƽƽ˫絶һڲزסս⣬ʼ۾˸ͬϿ̰ͣЩʲô
֣
·޵һʱµĽۡȻһЦ˹ȥ


237 ҳ
ˡ·Цк
λԴμүӣάܣԺĿˣԺ԰һġ
·޵ͷΪ˵ҲŻԺ˺ܶˣԺﶼסˡ
ǰԴɽԺԺ˵ǼʮǰˣǴֻһֻû뵽һֻ۷ǣԴɽûĸ岻ۺأ˭ӵܵõһﵽ۷ȻδʵΣСѼ¡߼˵
ûɣ躹һһ˾üֻԵλһս⣬ԲŵλСӿŲ̫˳ۣһţ͸һѹУͬŶ̬ȾܿóλҲСԺˡ
ǽȥ˵ɣ׻Ȼץ·޵һֻ֣ԺǼ졣
·磬һô߹ӳģһĵ
һһ٣ݵĲ͵һ١
ô£ʲô߹ȣμ߲ʡ
ʱ׻عͷһ仰ſڵĶǺš
㲻û˵·ְɣһɱ߹ȣһǧһܺˣһǧܺˣٵ׵ģʮĽ׵ģſ׵ģһ׵ļƷܺˣǶλԴɽ˲һ޻ɵúܵġâ¶
⼸죬λٲȻСԺ֮ԺǷΪϱСѾͷͲˬ֮ǰаΣΪԭϴζԴӹǼ£ףﲻͬڹŹһлǵ͵ĺãλҹЩƿ֪
첻һˣ֤Ҫͷ·ˡ·ˣɽڣǹСԺˡ
ޣ
ûʣֻһܣӣٿҲֻһ·һһλ⣬ľܰſڣٿλ۹Ծη
ԭλ·ߵһӦ첽ǰͼٴʶһ¡
·ֻλٴ֣ͷ˵·ޣһˡ
ѽԴɽѾ˲֪ˣû뾹ȻҰһ·޵ʶȴ̽һ˿ΣյźŴӶԷϴҲȻԣΪ⡣
֣ԷȻһӦġ·ǿûģв
СΪԴɽҲǾ޽еģΪﵽľأòġݣ߽˵СѣҲܺôӳ߹ȵģ˵ﵽ˽׾Ž׵߻Ҳеģ֪㿴ûС˵߹ѾˣֻȺ߻࣬Ҳû˸ȥһ
λμһֱ΢üͷۿλ»һҲ·ꡣܹɱôߣһֱԸֻԶﴫ۹Ҳǲ֮ɫһԵĿ
Ҳ߻ʣû·赭д˵ʵһ߹ȣϮҾȳ߹ȣҸɽȥˣȻڲŻ·һʴ˵Щ¡
ʲôˣô򵥵ľ˵ҲͲٶʣȴ˶ļɵ
ǼŵεȻǱǵĸģгСˡǿ֣ЩǲһЩŵԻٵͷģʥһĶһ٣ﻹЩϣġ
ߴ˻һλϸׯأ־ڱص֮
Ǻܺð·Ц
ţ֪·Сһλʥߣıǲµģ컹СһΪŵսΣСڣŵͶ˼ְաЦ˵
һҪȥġֻҲܶȤڳ֣쵽ʱٿ·Ц޺
Ŷ·˵ҲȤԣһߵŵȻʵ
ֻ˵ȥûһ·ҲûﷳˣΪԼţԼܵУʵ󰡣Ҳ·޾սõĸܡ
㾭ǿԼĶ֣ܹǸصĸ
ֻǸӡ·޲֪Ѿ鵽˺ԲƵС
·绹ûԷɣһߵ׻㰵ʾ˵
μ֪Ȥվ˵ǾͲСϢȻطˡ
·͡ſڣߺȻվס˵ҲСѻʮĿޣΪǶͷؾ벻ɻδ֪˵ܾ޸ҲһٰѡСѽĳɾѾͬСɣЩã˵ء
·޵ͷ˵öԣ˵ǿ˵Ǻǡ
߶Ļش⣬ӶȥСԺһͷ
ص׻·磬㱾֮ôǶôʺѽøˣ
仰һ˵˹άһ⻹ǵһ֪ǰλ͵ѧܣȻһλ׽ռӵߡ֮Щʯ
Ȼҵġ˭Ҳõ·޵һЦ˵һţ仰Ҳ֮κ֪
һ󾲡
Ȼᣬ׻˷ܵСͨ죬ƺѾ·վߵˣ
ģǲ˵ȥġάӦ
Դˣ·ѾСԺļҳ


238 ·
ڶһ·һԺʽЩͬСɡһ˵ȣƵĹ׻졣ţƣǶλ죬һţòвеĵС
Сţܲ·˶࿴ۡ
˭
ʶ˱ģЦ
·⼫죬ڼûʶ
˵ǣ׻ĵõͣе⣬仰Ǻõģֻ
·Сർʦã˽뱾ѧԺ༯塣¾ŵá
ɡµʮ˶ڣֻȾƵĵ¾ʦҪܾòпܳ֡ǴĳԣӦβһΡ
·ޡһ׵ĽУ쳹á
·˰ɡŮȻֹһ㵵ĿſڣͬԼԡˡ
·簡
һӵ˶˳Ŀ⿴ȥһ󰲾ʮ˹ȥ·ͬһͬ׻һͬ棬
˻ȸԾ˼ᣬɵЦд²֪롭
ͬˣѾǶԱɣû뵽쾹ȻٴγڴǰñʶΪλͬǣܲô
Ҳᣬ뵽ʱһˣ쵶ɽ׷Σ׳ֹ¶Щ˹ΣԼûͬһսûһĻᡣֵмУ˷ݶ·޵˼
·벻ܵҲǺܼŮϽ׹º·ܳˡԼǴΪͬż𶯣ʹĵλһ±üߡ
һʱ޷Ѿо¾ʦںһھƺѾſˡ
ڸʲô
һŭ
ĵ¾ŭˡѧԱĿ󣬶ԽԽˣѾǳջڸ󻰣Ȼſڸ㼯ӵ
˲ΪֳһᣬȺһ֣ĴԳһ
ʦһˣ·޺ò˵
¾һ뾹Ȼĵӣϲǰһѱסȥ·޷ֻҪһ˵һˣǱ˵·޻ˣһ¾ͶǱΣ׼һ¡
ѽúӣɻˣһֱ¾Ŵ̧ӡ·޾ķﾹȻ¡еʱ𺳣˻Ǹˣ֮װġ·ǿʶǰǲģҲ¸Ӧõ
ʵ¾˳˺þƣΪ˼ã·ϴδĴܺˣʹλһֱԺмżžСһʱ˱ĽҲһʱǣ˸߿ף˹ֲŵĽλʧѧԱȻһΣΪʦһֱΪԼܱѵվӶҲһֱҸȵĻᣬȻĻǲˣλʦͬʱõʱҲԽԽ
ͻȻ·޻ĵؼõĵ¾ţ֣ҲλţѧԱΪͷĴ
ͺˣǴϾͿˣʲôҪõİҶﵽֻȡΨһĻᣬʷ˵õռԺҾһٳΪ߼ʦͬѧƽˡ˵Ҫʲô似ҾǻǮҲҪõ
¾һ˵⣬˸˸ų֮뵽ǼһͬһЦƵģ͵Цͬ£бߡֱӴЦģǨǲģͬΪΪܣһʱûзˮ𣬷ǰ֮ǰĴӶھʱӵۡ
õ¾ŵľڴһԭ
ò׳һһ𵱳ĺѧԱԼǳȻˣбô
ڲͬˣ㷭Ļᣬһ뵽λֵһ𵱳󣬱ٿԼ۹⣬¾ˮͻ
·޵Ȼܲͷˣ벻˶飬иӵĸжĳ֡
İɣʦһΪһλ߼ʦġ·˵
ȵȣ·磬㲻ĵŮеռֲǼΣյģرѾﵽ۷壬ΣԸߵģ˶ˣѾˣĺԼ
ֱӣ뵽Ҳ˵ˡ
ԣ·磬òջţٲðաʮһͬС
¾һͷʹѧԱҲҪˣԼʧܵʲô̶أ
ûϵģõģǷģûµģ·˵
£㲻֪˶ٸֵᣬһɽСӣλռӵߣ˵Ҫٵõһռ䣬־ڱصõġ˵ܹһʱͷųܵģ·磬ȻˣܣһǻܿģǾգ
Ⱥ鼤һҲܸж벻һͬžȻѲ֪İԼԼˡ
ˣһҷģǵ·磬ʵλռӵߣڹŹΪ·ΪԼ͵ôԼģûվ··ϣƥ·Ȼ˵ˣһǵ·ģ
ڶʱһҵɴ۾·ޣһ̣·޸ߴ
·񣡹ֲôƺҲ̫͵˰ɣ˸̾
Ůһ뵽ʱڴӹλ˵ǲ㡭ʱû⣬ҪŭˣһλҪһŭ֣ԼҪѿýŸҲóˡ
ΪԼʱΪˡںѧԱһλõսһܵԼʶԭѾǺСľٶˣ
ʲô˵ģ¾ǰŹʵȥˡ
ͬģѧԱһ𺳵Ŀˡ
Ȼġ׻˵·˵ڶռ䣬ͻģ
⻰Ǹ˶õ۷񼶵ܣһͷųҪ춯صİ


239 ʯ֮
ռ߼룬·ͷһսѾﵽˣ֮ʱԼռڱɽսʱܵģڻ֮Уֻһѻ꼶ʤƺʤСľ֮һһ¡һĲࡣ
·޳Ĭ༯ҲĬ׻㵣ĵʣ·磬ʲô˵ܲܰϡ
ߣˣʲôֵġŮһۡ
ʲô£¾Ҳ
ǰﲻϵģ·޳ĬƬ˵Ѿռ䡭
һ
˵ôأ˵ھͳ˫ӵߡ
磬ܲǻ죬Ҳ̫ţ˰ɣһ͹Ǻˣٰǵù𣬷Ѿˡһλѧ˵
˵꣬ҵռ䣬һ˶սǧߵĴսУ̫Ѿˣһֱûѹһаһսﵽܣڵûϣġ
·޻û˵꣬λѧѾ·ȥ
ʲôȥ׻졣
ȥ˼ҶˣΣǳɶˣҿλŵʦҲ򲻹ʣͷءҪܴʣҳȥͿߣ
Ŀ⿴λΰĵʦͼɫׯأһɫĸģ
¾ŵʦ㲻Ĵ򲻹ʰɣŮ治ʵʲô𣿡
ԽģѧԱԽ
ȿȡҴù¾Ų߲ѵĵͷ
ʲôŮݴˮ
һʣ¾Źעһ
·磬㲻ռӦʲô𣿡һҼģһͬŵĿ
ֻλʥ·һЦ
ףŮŹ
۷壡·е浼ʦܡ̵ѧԱԼ߼⻹ô̰
ֹɣŮɲõʦôء
ȷʵǣ·ʵش
ǣܵһ֣Ƕܵʥģһ̽ĿʵѾǰչʾˣ·ҲҪȻһЦ˵ҵĵɱʵģҲֻʥ۷塣
ȡ˵ôܰ·ѧԱõǵռ䣬̽µʱʦҵĽ顭¾˵ȨѾΪСǿ۹ܲѺã
а취·޵񼶿ռѹġɼΣƸ۵˵
·޾ϲ˸ǶλʦĿ࿴
а취ʲô·Ǳصõģ˵׻׷ʡ
¾ŵˣҸطһֱƶԭβĸ
ʵܼ򵥵ģֻʵ㹻ڵռ䣬Ȼָܻˡ¾˵
Ҫʲô׻㼱ʡ
Ҫ¾˵꣬ɱǣѧԱпŰ
ΪʲôǵĵʦӴŮĴ˵
˵ǲдܾʯô·ڵģǽǣھȥһֱӻָռĹȥа¾ǾսڣҲ
¾˵ҪѧԱмȥѧԱǺͶһ䣺ǲǰܾʯ˰ɣѧԺȡܺʱǸһѽ˵һ»һأԺеֻôˣ
ѧԱһĿͶ·ϡЩܾʯ·һ˵ãܺ˶ɱ߶õġȷʵһҲûˡ
·磬ȴһˣ׻۾ЩѪͫʡЩͬŸ۾ɬɬĿ
ô£·һ
ЩܾʯǸõ֣ͱˣһ٣Ů˵
£·ŭˡ˭
ô֪£¾Ҳ𾪡ǵһε֪
߰˸ɵġŮߣһֻСǰ꣬ˡ
߰ǲǽǱѵô·޾ŭ׻㡣
ǰǾǰһģͶˣǲɣһȫˣ׻˵
ߣǻ˵ðܵĵһҵ뿴ǵϴǺҲ˭֪ǵĵϸ
·޻䣬ˢˢʮָָͬһط¾ŵıӣ
ô뵼ʦ˵˵ɣ·˵
¾һ˵߰ɵģѾйˣʱ̧۾˵һݺݲĻ
򲻵á
Ϊʲô·ƣͬʱһ߰ﻹЩͷҵðŪܾʯҪҵĶ
߰ԴӷִԺĵŽģôһ˵Ǿװɡ˵йϵΪһ֮һʱϼ塣ʱգҲǵԺԺĵһλ˵աǺɽһֱչеʱ˵ļ壡
¾Ŵ˻һ˱ֻܾʯûϣˡ
·龰ʱ˵ľ޳伫ǰ·޾֣Ҳִֻķݡͬ۷¸ĸоʱԼֻû嵶⣬ס뵶ˣǻԱһȻľη֮ǰһº׳٣ԼˣͲһϡ似ǰ·޲սܣ
˿·ޣ·޿ŵ¾ţȷҪܾʯҵ񼶿ռѹһ֣ء
Ҽǵҿһ似ϢһģֻǺۼԺģԺ˭ҵأ롭¾һԾ;ö㣬ֻУȥľƿ


240 ˱̻
ǰ׼ҵģ·˵˵׼Ҷһζ
·һᣬ¾
ԣԴɽĵڶ壬׼ҵ֮дͬͬȥ׼ңⱾ似ǷҪһõϣ۵ΰóǿһᡣҼǵ÷Ժʱ̾ϣ۵ĸӢţ˵˹ֱ£ԸȻģķȴҡͷ˵Щнʮ޹һдͻƵģǵõЩҽʦѣޣֻҪпڣõҵʱͷǳ𾪣һֱ¡¾˵꣬ѧԱһӣæĻѻСһ׮ô
ʦܴӰ׼ҰⱾ似ô׻ʡ
ҿԺȥһ¡¾ų˵
ȥϢŮԼ˵
¾ŵʹ죬Ҫߣ·ǰסˣ˵ʦԼ취㻹Ǹң߰ϴ˭ﵽʲôҪȥҪҵܾʯ
㻹ȥҪˣʱԺٹ̣λѧ࣬λʱˣ߰ﵹû̫ĽɫֻЩʥһСӣǵǣԺǲͱԺʱˣǽύأ¾ǺˣҲк˵ȱ㡣һߵú·Ѿٲ˲ˣҪõǣ˭ǰԥսԶڹŹ˴Ҳ۲ʱӴ¾ʡ򣬹⿴·޹ˣѾǴʱˣʱѾڵ̨ˡͻȻȹһھƣ˵ȥƺʱһȥģּ̨ܾʯ
·۾һ˵
˵Ὺʼˣ·޾ͶһǸ߰εϴʱǺǣһʱͷҲͦȤģͷˡ
¾ͻȻϷŹ⣬뵽·һȭʱ̨ٿԼһˬ
ھȥ༶ͬЩȺ鼤ˡ
¾ŵһţ߱뵽һ⣺۰һҲû֪Ǽˣٲ̨ɾͻˡ
˶дӺݺĳ嶯ΪʲôʦôأûһܸɵƯġ
ΪʲôͲһأһֱûô˵ʡ
۰໹ûһܴģʵǲЦˣ˭뵽·޻¾ơ
˳һõǴڿʼڴõǸ鿺ܣԾԾԡͬʱԺĴһ͵˼ʱǣˮһӿ۸Ĵ󳬹ֵһǡ
עĿľǰļ壬ǧ˲ֹûһסԺһֱסԺ⣬ǳᣬһƵòѡߣҵȻҲ˼ڲû׼Ƿ࣬ƣһλߵó˲õǴǰ͹ĦǼڶժȡռˣҲĸΨһһΪֻһֻȫĳҲͷһ˵ϡ
һ°ǰкÿ˶ȺͷǰӵŴƺȥԺӭӲϾҲҪɼ¸ڵԺڵϼС㡣
ư̾СߣǰͽᣬǴ壬ΪǶأ벻С
¾ͷͷһԼʮˣ·Ҳ϶һۣܲеʧ䣬Ǿˣ˭༶ء
·޵ĿԶԶڰ׼Ҽλ׺ϣﵱȻֹסЩף⿴Ҳһۿ϶Ů游ͬӡԣüĿ
ʱ˿̣׺һӣĵеĽߣʮʥۣǰ׼ڶǿռʤߣǳʥڰ׼Сڵλϣһλİ͹˶ʮ꣬涨ǲܲλģڶİգλʥ츳׺ΪòʲôռҲճΪһڶͷ˰ϣٵʥݼű⼸ˡ
ǼȨĽ
ʯҲȺΪԺԺдԱԸĽӴԺӰ׼ң׼Ҳй⡣
ʱԺôһȺˣ˷׷ۣ׿ȥ
ʱˡ
Ŷʱ˵λʥʱҵĵһ꣬˵ԺڶĶߡ˲𰡡
·תͷȥ˴йһλɫ֮ˣõ㣬ܸһĿһеĸоĿɨ˴ԣûһͣɫĮûһ˿顣ߵ㲻մһ㣬߰еİڣǧӵʮߣȥ˱̻į


241 ҵľʯ
ŮȻԵ¾˵¾ŵʦǵĵʦҾӦðҪǵܾʯڲʦӰɡ
¾촽΢ϻЩΪѡ
ȥԡһ
ã¾ŵͷӭȥ
ʱСѣЦӭǰȥмײ˼סˡߵλ߻治Ǽ׵¡
֪ڰ壬¾ųʱǰ
Ǹ񲻾۽꣬һۣҲֻһ۶ѡ𣬵¾š
С伶Ժڳ󣬵Ȼʶεĵʦĳνʵõ¾źѿڵ¾ǸˣһеġЦݿ˵Сѣ԰ףһ·裬Ǻǡ
лл𣿡ʱòһΡ
ŶģǰõԺؽͷһһܾʯǱ˸ȥˣѧԱҹһ£Сܲͨһ£ٺ١
Ŷ֪յĹǰûܾʯҲνͲҸӣȽһãΪǣҲģأº͵ĵʵ¾ţûһŭļ
ǣҵѧԱǳڱĸģҾСܾʯ˵Ҳνģͻǰɡ
ʱĿһۣһۼ棬һâʰɢҵĿ⣬Ȼͬһ˵ǣ
±ˡ˵һ䣬̧Ⱦߣٲ
¾ګګվԭأϺ׺죬м졣
˿һĻЦ޼ɵԵ¾Ӽˡ
ȵȣ¾ŭˣСҪǲңֻҵԺۣ¾Žе
ʱͷҲûأһ仰ҲСˣֵذɡ
˸ЦǰϣҲˡ
һ¡һʵ˵ڷҵ˴
ʱεĻعͷȥһͦ޳壬һſס
¸˵ɡʱһ᲻ӡǰȥ·뿪ܲܲȥ

û㣡
ߵСҲǸ߽ޣһƾһλͨϼ졣ͬʱȴ·ȴûж
Ҫҵܾʯ·ֱ˵ĿһཻʱȻͷһݡ
ܾʯ˭֣΢üͷ
ҽ·ޡʯҵġ·˵
·ޡʱƺеӡظһ顣
һ飬ΧˣʮڵķΧڣһƬ
ַŵ·ϵˣ־һ͡
·ޣܾʯģʱߵһæʡ߰ԣҲλ۷塣
ǣ·˵
˿Ϊʲô
ô˵Щܺ˶õģʡ
ǣ·޻شҲûʲô仯
Ǹ·ްȺдһУ仰ͱ˴ӿ뿴﷢ʲô£ĻǾ仰·޻ˣ߹Ǹ·ް
糱Ĵ·޸еһ˿ѹǾ˵ӿǺ
һ۲գĶλȥиּį緶ʱ
ǰλѾַŻ׵ҲǴ澭ˣȻΪԼܱһֻ޸ţƵëͷСӡѾоˣǸܾǵˣΪ³çΪˡ
ԲѧһλѾ·ˡ
·ûֻһ˵һ飺Ҫҵܾʯƽ
ʱ̵ֱͬһֱһʱ䣬ΪǾҪʱʱȻ˵õģҸ㡣ҪǶûãûôࡣҶǻҩˡתſһߵİڣ˵ϻж٣
߰һ㶹ڵõһ絶۹󣬼æϷңľУҲûǧڣóĲǼٿšλУϸĹ󽻵·
ٿţһʴһµ·ҲʮֳأŨϢӰͷų·ûӣֽ˹ǾϴԶֵġ
·޻ǶʱЩأ
Ĺٸ㣬Ҳںܾʯ֮ȫùΪԺµĲǣûİ취ʱ˵ҪЩʯҲ󡣴ﵽʥܾ֮ʯͰﲻˡõǺõıҩҪҰŪҩô
Ȼ˵İڴ󲻽Ļ·ǿҲΪǿùλϲŭԵϴ
ллĵ鷳㡣·Ҳװ
ǺãµܾʯҾñҩ㡣Ҳñ˵ҿѹ˭ʤһԵǲǣ
ǵġ·˵仰ߵ糱ˮ㴫˿ȥ
·ҪμӶȡǿռı԰
кϷˡ
ãҶȤϣ㲻ʧһվͬһ̨ϡʱҪʵҵĽ£ûһ˿¶ȡ
·һЦ˵㲻ףһǱشģҲ㡣
˵һ䣬ת߳˴ԡǰȻֿһͨ༶ʮһıʧõܾʯ߳˴ԡ
·磬˵һʲô켤⡣һѪڵʱ̡


242 Ϣ
һõ¾ŵʦΪǱ·޿һ۸ںĵ¾š
ԶԶԣȥγѵĵ¾ţǰ̨ȥ
·޴ʮڶĿлƺʮ˵ĶȥˡΪ˱ڹԺĶ鶼볡һƬ·޴ʮ˵Ķŵβİ༶ҪһЩʮԵöЩᡣ
ʱһ֧飬˷׷׿ȥСർʦŵĻŽصܶӣΨһкӣһֱŸͷܾ֪ʵĽ˲ռ˴롣
곤ڻԣ޸˵á
Сһۿ·ޣһ£΢Цŵͷǳԣӡں߹һ£ӵ𺳣ܹƽˡ
λʵУ·ȺۣҲһۿĿԣ΢һͷδƺӽ绨ˡ
˺һᣬĵ¾Ųܻأ·˵ԺҪ㡣
·һԺӼҲ̫˰ɣ᲻ʱִˣԺһЩԥ
𣿡ŵʦ
ûС¾ЩλŻţûô鷳ˡʱ²̨үүܲһչԺô
ԺмǱȥģ·޸ŵ¾ŵʦһ·˴ԣǰߵĴ̨߹ȥ
̨ߴףߴλյĸ֣ĳϣڴˣſԼСһʤ
ǰŴԺŰ׼Ҽ׺䣬ұǺҺõһֺǣѾ꣬λ۷壬˵ѾмʮûдˡһǣЦǶ֮ǼͷˡǷλʮţǷСǰһŵʮˣ۷壬ˡ
¾Ŵ·վ̨ʱûۿǣ¾֮˵·ˣʱͣǰŵʮ˶һͬʱǿ
·һ䣬ӦʮǿʶԼɨͼ쿴ʵָоȴǿµ߻ǿңѹֱʵһ㡣
סԼʶվţ̽ӽ
Ƭ̣ʮ͸ǰλǳ͸ΪȻˡ
ܱסʶ˵һ㣬λ˫޵ߡ
򵥰Ժſ̾
ǺǡͰЦ
·ޣЩܺ˶ôһźʣλ϶һ£ѾȻվ·ǰ
·ǿʶõÿһԼﵽٶȺͻĳ̶ȣȴҪռС
ǵģ·
˲ϹͷҪô༶ôߵܺˣҲ֪ܲȫˣӢ۳갡Һܿ㡣¾˵ҪǴᣬ֪ڵļܾǸ컹ǼΣյġ糿񣬷ð˴ķյģؾţԺһᾡܲðջáͷ˵ĳ·޵ʶܸӦ˵˻ʱľůȻģﲻλԺһݺøС
˵ѧʥһԭйʮ壬ŻܵǵģлԺĹġ
ʮꣿͷЩšԺҲû˵¡ܼʮ壬־Ѿǳѵˡܾʮ壬ĽҪǿжˣȻһõλᣬԺȻҪ֧ģڱڼ䣬ʲôҪһ취
Ŷ·һ˵۹ⲻ̨ϵ⹫ϡϢԼˣҲѾģǹռĹϢûУǾ˵еŴڣ¾ŵʦ˵ľӦ
׺۹һֱעߣԴ͸еһȻиУƺλ꼫ͶԵһһͷ΢Ϊʲôļأ
䣬벻ʶĸоǴĴ˵ġԼ΢΢ͷʾ⡣
⹫Ŀӣ·ͷվǰ游뻹ֹסĳ嶯ò߶ʮ겻صԭŪףóȻϣпܻ費ģ˵û·ޣƾԼһ˵
Ժ󣬡·뻹˵ĺá
˵˵
˵б似ϢģһҰܴģ֪ܲܰҽ赽·޵˵
̨ͣϵİ׺仹ֻҪԶϰףҲ˵ʲô΢üͷϸĹעĶԻ
һһĵ¾ţ֪ʮа˾˵ġⱾ似ҵǿΪۼԺԼĶʵΪ


243 һս
ɣ㵽߼һƵ似㿴𣿡ȻͰʵ
ллԺˣⱾ似ӦûʲôĿԴ档·һڻؾûʱ˷ѵȥŵǴ֮ǵȻҪȥһģʱһ뻽ѿռ޹ص£ᵢ顣
ԺͷĹϻؾûԻ𣬷͡
˵öԣҿǱ似һ޶ģ޿ƥԡǰ׼֮ȰͷɡǸӣǿռòԺҲ㣬ԴءԺⷬء൱һγŵܵõ仰κһλѧԱ˵߽͡
·޺飬ͷ¡
һ̧ͷʱľܰĲˡ
̨ڶŵ˴һˡһλߴ˾˵زľ޺һżĿ׵ȴһѾ䵶˴У߳λ
·еʯ뵽һˣһصһˡ
ͬλһλˡ
˭·ʷһ˫ĿѾȼս
о飬˳۹⿴ȥ˵˵Сλӵʣ
ʣ·޾һʱһʱȴûоԵĵԭȻһλպĵʣ
ǰϵǰѵһͬ׽սûʤλһõʡ̾
˭λģ·޶Դ˸Ȥ
ûκֻ˵ʶġôʶ·޵Ĺע쳣
Ǽ·˵һ䣬һǡ
Զıһ˫˪Ŀһֱ׷
ʮ̨ޡλ̫࣬ÿսһֵʤߡ
ص飬һ̭Ѿʼ
һʱʮ̨սҡ
̨̨½кýƼߺ죬ѸԺŪ÷һ㡣·޼˴ĬĬţһʵǿ߶òųʲôȫͿɵʤȡЩˮƽڶսҷǷòɿ̨¿յҲǶ֮ˡֻԺʱʢǰȴԽԽࡣʮ˽ƺˮйͨ
ֻ̨һоͽִ̨ȥСĺ䶯̨ʱǽִŻѪֹⳡѪ֮ɫ嶼һĸӵܲϳµҲն¶ͷǣһٱǼס
Щ·޽вֵ似׷ϳоֻ֮ǵһ̭ĸвᱻóȻǰۿǴ񫣬еúҲˡ
·ޱ̫һֱŵ磬űе֡
·̨Ϊһע⣬һʱ̨ϵעĿ
Ǹһ˵õǧܺ˵ôʡ
ᣬǸûлΪ˽߹ȻܻŻôͬ˿϶˵
ԣʱƹܾʯľ·ޡ
˵ȥ߹ԣܻܲ
·޶Ǹʮ꣬лʽ׳˶꣬Щ·ޣЩΪȻ˵ѾﵽˣԼ䣬ٰ𣿡
ĺģ·Ǻܸлġҡҡͷ˵ϣ۷Ҳվסģ㻹ȥɣҲ㡣
ĺȰ˵ЧͻȻܴǣǿ̨Ŀһˡ
ǸɫϸȤ
ְɣ·Ҳûвܣֻǿ
һ㶣̶ЩˣҲⲻôһһֻȻǿܲͳһ׶Զ
·Ŀһֻʱͷţһֻ赭дǰһٿһ£һռ䲨һǰһʤѾǰǱ־һλ޶һλʥʲôɴġ
Ȼܱײϣһ󲨹˸ܱͣϣһ·ǰһܷƽǸܾ͵ͨ죬·죬һѷʯ͵̨չ
·΢΢һЦʾ̨
һɫûˣת̨ȥ
չػһս·޾Ͱһλϳ
µ̨ᣬеҹͽ
һ±һƬ·һ㶣һˣս⼫ʿĹķ̨Ȼܲȴλʥ
˴Уҹ磬аһǶ㣡Ǻǣ
˺УУ̨Ȼͱ˵ǵ磡
нǧһͬ壬༶ϱɫλа
άתЦ˵ҹͽ·жˣλʥ׵ߣԺҲǰʮ֪ôŵˡ
˵·޵Щġ
·̨͡׻㲻֪Ĵһһǧ˫۾ɱҲǲʧɫȻ˼׳·
һСѾͷ׳ƣĶˣޣ
λһ̨Ҳ·ޣĴȭ˵ֻΪǴͷ׳һ׳Ҵ绢ⳡӮңҾСӴǻ磬Ҵ̨
Ƴһܣ·ǰվЦ˵ҲλʥףǿԼȥɣҲλһʥҿףҶ𣿡
һЦ׻Сͨ죬ͷе·磬Ѿģ
·޿ǰλȻܹ˵Сӣޱ飬ֻĽܲ˳
ƺ޾ݵ̨ǿϵĻĺ⣬ֱ׵ĸ죬ֱһ㣬ȫڿ񱩵İɫĻֶ˴һѾչװ볤̡Ҳֻ俴λλͽͬȻһֻӬŴ죬Ƭϵڻ𣬴ľ
¸ղŽŵһǧˣҲһͬſ죬ͬ
һףףףĽףס
ǣǵѾӦʱ˿̵·޵״ﵽһסֻ֪Լ磬ѾԷѹ̧ͷ˵һսվ·ǰֲѾǼ¡
ҹͽ˺Ȼ˵˴磬ˡ
Ǵ˸¼̨񣬶һԡ
·䣡׻һٴλӶС֣һû˴ҲûΪжٿЦǺһ顣
̨ϣһЩϱɫһ֣һԶεĿꡣ
ʥ۷壡ʮʥ۷壬ԼЩСʥǣԲرȥˣ
ʾղء


244 ׼
Ƴϣ·һ˳Ժţڰʯһ˺棬һֱ˼֣һԺǰʯĸǽﵽףֽߣż󣬲ԲްϾ޴֣׸֣ԵЩˣƼʢǰʯʨӣƽԭ·Ҫһվ棬ֱѹ
ʯһֱȥʮ·ޣȴһǰſڴļλ׳һͷ˵λͨһ£˵Ժ·׺үӡ
һʼûףһɫµһʮ꣬Ҳû£ͷ˵㲻ʲôʱˣүôܼһӣ߰ɡҾʹˡ
м£Ƿͼλͨһ¡·޺ܿ˵
Уү÷أʱ˭Ҳܴš˸ǲΡ
·һȻһ£ܲһֳֶֻ׵ܱ΢һ޴ıǰ˵ȥȥٲȥҾ㣡
ִõǴ粽С
ܵɫõһСӾȻͻȻóôһڰ׸ǰվţǴʦһȻֵСӵʲôز
һ£ΪͨЩ͡
Ѿòͨˣ·ǿֱܲһڰ׼ڡ
һ˲䣬׼ҵľ޴ͻȻʮλһſڵΣͶŭɫԲȵʲô˸ڰ׼ҺΪ
޴ĵƹ£·һ˴пλУĽӰվڵƹµöǡ
ʲôˣ˴һ֣׺˳
·ջܵһԼѪףͷЩȣѪԵϵĴϵȻ׺һһСǰһʱû˽̬ƣֻöԷǹһů
ûмô׺Ȼʳһ䡣
·ǰ˵С·ޣûǸ˼ӢֻۣԺ
ŶǸ·ޣϳϸԳһȳôҹˣ𣿡
ǵģСһ󡣡·һι
˵ɡ׺Ҳȥ׷ǰС£һڣԺ
޿˵ںһͬԺ
ǰ·ҽһλʹ׼ҵĴԺ˿ѷɫڻʼҵͥԺʯأߵ滨ν棬Ȼ
һֱӽϺõĲ裬ʮ˻վλãᳬԼȥ
·ޱ׺õϣѾǸ߿һۡûλСǿ·޵۹ⶼм
쿴СѵһԣȻţû뵽СС;ȻѾﵽʥ۷һ˲ðʱգ·СѶʳԴˡ֪СǴĸԴɽģȹһڲ󣬰׺ʵ
·˴ﵽʥ۷߱ǲʲð׼Ҽ׺ԽӴģ˵·޵ССͶʥǱϣѾλĿ࿴
ԹŹ·˵в裬Ȼ˵СӴ󡣡
׺ˣûֳһ˿⣬ֻ΢΢һЦ˵Ϣǰ׼ҵ屦ģ£Ͳ˵ˡ
仰һеʮɫһ䣬·޵Ŀ˵⡣
·һЦ˵ҲģֻҪһǰ׼ֻкô
Ŷ׺һ㶡ʲôأ
һ似ҵϢͬһţ֪ûУȻֻǻϰգϰǱ似ͻԭҵǱ׼Һˡ·˵
Ȼأ·˵һ֣ȴǳڶԼ⹫һ⡣ֻǲ԰ˡ
һ˵ð׺ͷһĿһۡ
ô֪ǳͬţ
ҵĵʦ˵·˵͸Ϣ£ǱӰ׸Ƴȥģ˵͵ڽԼ֮С
׺ͷŵ¾֪ô֪࣬ͷ϶֪ġ
ҪȿǱ似ſɡ׺˵ֳһݳء
·ڳԺ֮ǰ˹Σöͬ԰׼ҵĿռָͬʱȡǱ似һֱ·ⱾмԺˮʦҲϵķ
Ȿóûһ˿Ľ׺С
λ⹫õУֻҳͷˣֳһ𾪣˺һһֿ̯˼ҳźҳⱾ似ݽ黹·ޣͷ˵ǳͬһλ֮֡ͬһϢֳݣһݾ֮һ֪ⱾϹĳ𣿡


245 ڶ
˵ǳϣ֮֡·˵ֻû뵽屾֮ࡣ
ǰҰ׼ҵõ˵ʵϵһҺ뵽ÿһͻʹиռ䡣λΰȻ˼˾磬˸ɣΪһǿߡ׺俴·еǱ飬ᣬһת˵ջȥɣԸ⣬ǴᣬһӦҪ󣬵ǰ㿴Ǳ飡
·һ𣬽ʵΪΣڼ谡˴ᣬҲòˣңҵֻһۣҵһڰ׼У𣿡
ܿǴ֮ǰǲҪģԭҵİҪõǸǿռģѾʵڵ۶ʲôвҲȷڵõǱ󣬻᲻дͻƣΪؾеţһʾпʥɻʣҲô£κΰġˡ׺һϴһ
·Ȼλʧ˼㡣ͷΣȻ̧ͷ˵ûУ֮ʵҲǽ˵дΪĻҪУҲעһֹˣǰѾǸ룬ԼӳΪһô
׺һ㶣̶ͷ˵˵úܶԣ֮ǰһж˸ûгĻᣬһҲ֮ǰպʱգһĻڴ󲿷˻һݾŵİ׼˵ǲܷŹģΪŹˣ˿ɲᣬڼ徺Уһȥ̤ǴѴһҪһֱڱǰߣֻֻһ˶ȡǿռ䣬ǲø츳пĺȥ׼Ҳ˺ˣĵȻһһʵصΪ㣬ѾеʵʣҵҪȰһ䣬񲻹ʱ£ҪһߴӰеĸߵķչ
·޵ͷ˵˵öԣǳǣһҪõ֮񣬽̨ҿҵĳҲڳҲãҲһãҲԼûﵽ֮ǰ׷ҴȻѾʲôҲõ
òģ۵Ķ׺ޱ˵
·ɫһ䣬վȻ˵ҲͲ˵ˣ
׺һЦ˵ˣҰ׺һ仰Ȼ˵ˣ;䣬Ҳˡ
·ҲһЦ˵Сȸˡ
˵һתȥӰ
׺ֱʧ֪ΪʲôıӰϤůĸоֱΪֹһ̾ʮĹȥˣʱ簡֪ǸɶĶڸʲô
֪λˣû˸ǰš
·ֱ˰׸Ѿ¶˾ģߵ÷ɿ졣
صڹŹСԺһСεӰǰϣһ޳ӰȸԾһס֣Ц·ɻˣȥˣһת۾ˣҺõġ
·һЦ׻ҹ¶մʪȻ˺þã¸жЦֲǺӣ߶ģһȥɡ
׻һЦȴ֣ڡ
һݣ·޴һʮ˶ڣ¾̬ɾϵһʱóıƿһڡ
Ƕ˽һ˻һƬһףؽĳս֮ݡ
·޵ͷϾʹˡ
ǲȥ˯˭ҹľͰ춼񲻺ãͶˡ˵
Ǻǣ·磬¹㣬ֻףߣû뵽㲻ڣǵģһֱٲĻǴҾҪһȥˣ㻹˵ŮԹ
·޸мǵĹģһЦ˵ûµģֻǳȥ¡ܳʲôУİǴңȥ˯ɣŴǰСǣ
ԣһƬ
˸ǣ¾󣬺Ȼ𣿡
·ֻ֪ҡҡͷ˵Ӧܳɡ
Ǿͺã¾˵
Ѿ˯ˣڿ·޵ʵ󣬶һֱĬѾʲôϣˡ
ڶһ磬һҹϢһҹδ˯·޷ɱˣ䡣
Թ緹ֱ̫գһͬңʮλϵһһͬƺȥ
ʱѾ֣˻ҪһЩһսȻһЩѾʤ뿴ⳡʢӮ˭һʱΪ
һλã·޵һ֣ѾΪһ㡣ǼλֲļеҲǳΪ۵ġ
·󣬾˴Լһְ״̬ǿʶϸ΢ĸܳϵһС
ŵ㿪ʼһֱгһ뼤֮С
̨ϣмĽĿ·￴оͰλ׼Ҽ֪֪λĵС꾹Ȼʲô롣
̨ϸλ߳߸Ƶ˵ԲԵĶԸλĳޣһĿԼҶɵĴƴ
ʱǷСޣǵϳСĺ䶯ǵսʵʵģòϼϣԶ̨ÿƾеĲЩͷ
ֱ磬·޲һһһֱ֡
̨ս
µĻһ䣬·۾ˣų˼ǿҵս⡣


246 ս
һ׼һò㣬޳ֻĿλʥ֣˲̨վһѾ̨վڶߡ
·ޡ
µ˵ûеֵȥȣ
·ֱŰۣ˵Ҫͬһս֪ս𣿡
̨һ㶣·ڳʲô衣
ֵġ˵
ϣھս֪ų̂ûλãһ㡣·˵
¹սİ׼˺ֹǧһЦ
Ϊ˭˵˼ܺˣܵ׸ð׼ҵİ׼Ҳͼ𣡡˵
·ޣ̨ȥȡµĽʱһ̨ϣһһߣµĸ߽У·̨սꡣ
·ޣȥԼޣ֣µ˵
ãҴǲǾܻս·ʡ
ýеСµеڡ
ûϵǸ̨ˤȥ֤ʸͬһսӦսǡ۽˵
á
·Ӧһ䣬̨Ȼ𣬽ŷºһʯ׷ɣ޴̨ʯ̾͵̨棬ѲѾ϶ʮ׵ĸ߿գԾ̨֮İ׾룬ͬʱ˺ȻĿУٿһ£һ˫ﵽʮ׵һ˫ȻſһȣѾһηɹף˫һգ廪̨ϡ
̨ȺзһչмԺ̨ϣ⻹ǵһˡ
һ£·ܲŶλһһȭ
غ䣡񱩵ĺɫܿ쭶ܻ𼸺̨ȼˡ
䣬һϣԷƼͣԼˣſһȻҲλʥһꡣڶıԣٴ̨ĶϻϣꡣЩѾûϣһ֣Ѿ̨ˡԽѾ˴롣
䣬ڶ·ǰһĺӳֵϣ
䣬ˣǸѾ˵ޱߣܲ˳ȥ
Ͼó棬һƵУڽϣǵһγ֡
Ҫһλ̨·ܴǣһʯĽһΰȫĿⶼеһϣ·ޱչԽ׵ľ룬ٿ֮䣬䵽һϡ
ʱҲѾ󣬽ִ̨ȥ
˸˼ʮ׶ĵ֯һ
ٺ٣ҵСˣЦ
ҲĿֻҵĿϣûλá·˵һ䣬һҪˣܴǣһֻȭȻ֡
ȭһƬɫܻ·һ̨ɲһ㣬һȭȭʹǰĿռ𵴲Ϣ
Ȼӿξõһغ䡣һȭĵھӿ
ǼеĽƻߣʱ罾òУȻ֧ʲôܣ߹һֻȭӭͷֱܲףȻһǿξез硣ͬغһ
ɲǼ䣬ֻȭ䵽һһײһȻ̨ܲǰ˷׷׺ˡ
һ֣һһң˸̨ǣһöﶼԶԷе𾪡
·޿ֵܣϻѹʼķܶ似ǵһԴɽڶ۹½ɡ
񱩵Ļɫһ̨ǰһƬ꣬С˫ͬް
̨ϣ׺ɫѿ·γĻǱ似渪׳нһܣ׺ûɲǱˡ
ˣһ͸ܵصܾ˼£ǲǰ֮࿹ģο˫ͬޡЩľ
ܶ·ߵпһֶˣһֻɫķĽ״С˺ȻĿ
ʲô似
ܵĿ񱩣ϱɫ˫ҲͬʱӡһĹϡ
·޵Ǹ似ɣȻ˵㵲ģˡûҵľ似ͬ׵ģҲӲҵĵؼķܶ
ûмŷųܶۻ𣬶ֱֱŶԷ
̨ϣѿİ׺վһ¡¡˹ˣۣ䣡
У׺Լ䣬̨¼ʮŵĿ̨Ǹͬ½ǸӰ
үүҪԡǼģھһλͬһСӣģ˫ĿһķųǸ򡭡
似Ĺų֮ʯм׷ɣֳ̨һó
··ϵķܶͷųȥ
ɫܷХƿһа˳ֶˣܶһϾͶһƬ磬ܷ磬һпԴĿһаײȥ
һ˲䣬ܷ縲̨棬·ԼҲԵԵС
䡭
̨ϣֱİ׺ס˳ֵĳ嶯ɫĶΰĸ̨
ȫʮ˿ͬһط̨лȫܹ·һˣ¶Ѿɳ⣬ʮ⣬׼ҵһλʸ֣ס壬ͬʱ˵⣬۹¿ڱߵһѪѾ׵ˡ
̨ѻȸ𶯣һˣ뵽
׺صλϣ·ĿҲһճ׼Ҫ


247 ɳ
ͷλӺ˵ðܾ˼ޣͬ׵һʱжˡҼ˵
ͷͷţʱرҲܸꡣ
ȹһÿս·޿Իȥˡ
·޲ûлСԺǴʮˣ߰ȥҪծ
߰ǰһᣬʱһ˵˻һ㶹󣬷Ը£ȥóһ·޽ӹ򿪣һɼҩ㣬˱Ƕһöﵽ׵ıҩ
ŽоŶ˵ɾűҩһĹЧһöǧһٿܾʯɣҶ˶ƽʱȻ˵
ã·޸ӦҩأԼһ࣬ԼĿռָһ
ʱĿһϵöռָͻһݡָе찡
簡֪ʲôʱֵ̨ͬԣҺڴʱɫ˵
Ҳǣ·˵˵иǰ񣬲֪ŵڼϣ
ǰͬⳡԣûֵϸֻڵϣǰ߶ʣʮķǷСܣǰߵĶǶʮꡣ˵ǰԺģԺҲиֻԴɽߵǰ˵̫ˡ
·޵ͷ
ʱһȻ˵Ѿλǰˡ
·һ㶣˵ʲô˼
ܵİۣǰǰʮڵǰٲҪ֡ʱ˵
·ŻȻνЦЦСԺ
ŲʲôʱưֻǰҪ¡
ƳϣΣڴϵİ׺䣬ǰĹ°һ֪ܽ·Ѿˡ˻֣˵ɡ
Աһ˹˵۶˵úء˵Ľаɳ죬ǰ׺Ķӣ۵ĸס
׺һŭɫ
һᣬ·޳Ӱڰ׼ҵĴ֮ڣй񣬾͸վһ࣬Ű׺䷢
̾һ˵ɡ
·޾ߵԣ
ҪõϢһ֪Ҫһ׺俪żɽʵ
뿴Ǳҽռ顣·˵
׺ٿ̧ۣһ˿ɫѵ˵ѾϢһôԼûеһµļûʲôõģһͺú÷ˣܿҲ֮١
ҡ·һ֮£֪ô˵ȥϰϢĵһǳûһҲôգĵ˵ϰȥġһʱ֮䲻֪òýĸ׵˵
ô׺վѹȻһ䣬·ֻúҲ⡣Ϲ΢׼ҵļλˣѾɫ˳ȥһʱֻа׼ҵλ·ˡ
ǲǴһ˵ϰϢ͵ֵģʵõзĿξǴģ
˵һװһֶˡ·ֻҪһ䲻ԣľܱͻɵĺ䵽ϡ
·һ䣬λǰǳ˰εûбĻᡣǵһ֣Ѫ
ڿʵʰء·̾ϢһܺȻһֻֻͬһװ볤ľ̵ܱͬĳϡ
ܹϢһһСԣֻһģһܱж
ϰ𾪵ȫڲһżеϼò԰
һһ׺ʵһλŮô
аɳҵĶʦ·˵˵󣬽»ɫܲһʱߵĴ㡣׼Ҹƣ뵽Ψһֻһ·
ŵĶŰ׺䣬游
ɳӣȻȻӰ׺ʧµò˻ص˺һᣬŴ۾ǰꡣֲÿ͸еУŮĵӰ
˵õĵӣɳ켸·ǰ·޵ܻڣö˵һǳԼ׼ҡԴɽûеڶܱ
·һջܱ֪ĸΪλҳߣһ߾Ƕʮ꣬˲õĴ£⹫ʱʹķΡ
Ҳģ׺˵ɣڰ׼û˸Ҷһ£˭㣬һɱģ
·һᣬܡ
ʦ׺ʡĿѾȥ·ͻȻ˼֡
ܺãһֱΣҲ֪·˸ѡ
ǲҵ׺侹Ȼûа㻳Ļ
֮ǰûпôûӹʲôôͷʵ
·ҡͷ
ξϢ㣬С㰡ɳ˵
ǵģʦĸף·˵үүܽϢĵһۣһġ
õġȻɳӵĵӣһʲôܸأĵŮһ߶ʮ꣬ҾǰҲټˣܼ˵ѾԭһйڸŮһǰҿһۣҲûһأ˵Ѿˣ֮ǰ˭˭ѾҪˣҪǼ˵һ𡣶ʮ꣬Ҳҹˣĵİۺݰѵ˻ؼҵ·ô
ͷҪصȥ˫ͨ죬·ҲǼᣬһ⹫սгȥ
ɳ죬Ϣɣȥһ·ϲܳ⡭˵һתҪصȥˡﾹȻ˵Ĳϡ
·Ȼڴ£˵·ٺʦʦɳʦͷˡ
˵ͷأһĹͷ̧ͷʱǰѾû˰׺ߴӰһƲסʴӺߣȻû
һ̣·һۡ
⹫ﰡ
ź


248 
ã·ʶⱾ似һΣֳⱾ·ϸԼǱмԺǱŵϣתҪǡ
ȵȣߡɳ˵ǲռСıˣǱǸļСҪ֪ĶҪģǺǣ벻СӾȻĵӣ˵òء
ɳû֣һƬ֮ɫ
Բҳֺ似ͲܿƵġûܵ·˵һ֣أֻջ
ףһˣ֮£Ҫˣ˹ֲġȥײԼߣ·Һú˵˵ʦôˣһֱ
ͬ·һͬţ׼˼·޺ģ߳һжүţǳɲѵҲˣҲûд򶷰ĿɿڴǣƽʱĶүλ֮һֱ˴ţȻֽǣƥһһƥԺķȥˡ
·ʲôͷ
˽סʡ
һ·ϣ·޼ڵһЩ½ЩֻǱܿпָܳ׵ĵطֻ˵ԼǸҺӣʦҲ޶طһ
ɳһֱʱһ䣬һϸϼ顣֪ԺĴǰɳֹסȻ˵ʦСǴҵĳ谮û뵽Щࡣ
·û˵Ŀദ˵໹ƽ£벻λ˸УЧһ·ʱʵʦ壬ʦΪʲôҳߣ
ɳһ̾˵Ǽ£ʦȻû㣬Ժл֪ɡ
˵ǰ֣·޽һʧҹɫŻصСԺ
شҵûеֻһµСӰȻԭĵطһ¶ĵ
صڣ·޽׻ͻصסȻԼϥϣƽ뵽ʶ
ʶһǱͷȻǼܱľӡܸ٣һǣκԶ˹ɻммǣǸ߼似һͼԸӵ͹ÿһһммǣ
еЦΪʲôԼûоⱾйʲôΣء
ϸ¿Ȼ¾˵ĹȻһСμΰ˻ָĹеռ䡣·޻˽һʱŪеĹؼڣ
ϢıԴȻʩŵʽ·ްķ˼УȻֱֽע뵽ռ䷽һɹɵע뵽Сռ״̬ռ䣬ԵӦΪ˷ܣˡ
ֻһʱΧڵѾȫʧռƺֻľţһëˡ
·ͣ˹Щɵǵһǰй֮ʱע룬ûв֮ʱȴ˹ǿö࣬һ룬ٶҲƺƽǶλ衣
뵽Щܾʯȡǰٿһ򿪣ǰһ񱩵Ĵݳ·ܾʯϣһγ빦֮С
һ£ӾʯϷݶʧ·޵ǰɴɵϢӿСֻһᣬһƬůõһεСռֻ˺ٿһ·Կϲһ̧һһ࣬ǰٿܾʯֻһṦѾΪҽ
ɻҰɫʯۡ
ӹ·޷õռ˵΢ƸղǰգһʱӦܹ㵽ԻռĵزһʱڼٿʯǼӵʱ㣬ʯҪλˡ
·ȻΣĹޱơҲһ㣬񼶿ռ䲻ͬԼԼеǽЩֱӵռĶ࣬Ҳͳˡֻһռͺˣֳ߶·޿Ҳ
һ£·޷𣬺Ժտյأһȥ
һӰӣ·޵ŵ󣬼˸Ѿ߰ԺһңϾͷһţһ˹ȥ
һ¥ǰжף·ȻֹסΡ
ˣһһССλ߰İʱϵȴ·޴һȻԺ½ˣͷϷԼʶʱͷУ·˹
ղϵղؾͰһ¡


249 ˭ţ
·ҪأѾʵ˭棬ɡ
֪Ҳˣ·޷Ŷ롣
һڣ۽ȴʱǰһѵܾʯӨ͸ʯɢŨ
ʱ·ޣ˶ϵãһ뿴ʱһЦ˵ҹãծİɡ
·޶ŷԺйһһЦ˵µǣ˵ܾʯ͹
һ˵רǰծʡȥٿࡣ
Ժһ㶣Ȼ·ʱ֮˶ţҲû̫ȣֻһλծһܾʯɵ㡣
ж٣·ǰҪʰϵܾʯ
ʱһӱ߳һõôΪʲôط
·޿˿˵ֻҸõĶǽأһҪõġҼǵ˵ܾʯʥûʲôģҲ˵ûܾʯˣЩǧŲֹɣȻҲûʲôͻΣ
ȵȣ·ޡԺȻ˵һ䡣ЩܾʯʵԺողɷģֻԹʱϣεǴϣʹռ䣬ϣԴΪأпܶʱԺ񡣡
Ժһ˵·޵Ļĳ˵춼ˣôǿռ䣡ԺϣѺϣǰװ˷𣡡
Ժһ㶣ô֪
ʱЦ˵ΪΪԼùңǲǡһֱΪҵþˣ㲻ֻ֪ǲַ֦ϲģѲүҶ£
𣬺ãͳȥһˣЩµľʯҲҪˣҪӮ˼еܾʯҪһŲٵ̻ң
ãʱһâһƳѾͬһɳȥ
֣Ժ·һӰҲڴȥֻø˳
һԺУλδ˯İڣϹʲô¡ܸӦܲİڣһҲһߡʱԺģһ˷粻̬Ȼܲһ˶ڲⲻϵˮ֮УǸˮߣ֮ǰս·֪¡ʱ˿ܾȴԼ¡һţ
ˮǻĿǣ·ûвܣǽľı̵ֶܵˣɭȻľܡ
·ޣǼͬޣԺע⵽ܵĲͬеľ˼㡣
ܶ࣡·˵һ䣬һɫһ׵ܲȻʱ
ʱһЦһ̧֣޾ˮ𣬾Ȼγһ֧޳͸ɫޣ׳̣Ȧˮһһ·޵ĵ⡣
䡭
һӣһƬˮĻըͬʱˡ
ܲʱֳһ˷ܡֵһսĶս⣡
һȦˮֱ˳֮⡣޳֡
ˮ·һһ֧ǰȻһ֮ʱ޻شʱ˿̵·һĵӰȻһܲͷϺȥ
Сģغ似һ֣ɫһ
ʱһЦһ˼ַȻһˮ죬һѱӰǰ·ޡ
糱ϫصıѾһؼĹˡ
·޵غȻڱϣһľӣһӿϣȻһײУȥ
ͬʱˣܲྡྷ·Ѿڽķܶˣ˫֣һֻϾ٣һֻѹɫܲһ׷Բķǰޱȿֲγɡ
Ժһؼ似Ϊ似𶯡Сӣ̾
ʱһ֪Ҫó似ģЦüΪ⣬е··ޣͿ߰ɣȻҵɽһûлˡЦ㲻֪ߵغ񣬴˼ֻ޾;ø죬㿴ʲôǾ
ɽ֮Ժе̫
Ȼ󻰻û䣬ʱ˫ָ߾ٹͷһܲ˫֮·޵ǰͻأһˮ壬һ䣬ɢһѵƬˮ
һƵĵɽӨ͸˫޴ɽĳ·ǰ˵һԹ۵İкãΪٿϴܱ˷쳣

һ
΢üͷ
ʱ˿̣·ϵķܶѾ쭶ƿһе˹ȥ
ʱӶϵɽֻϵѾĺ˽ʮ׵Ŀռ䣬ӭܶͬʱس·޵ͷѹȥ
ܶɽӣÿռŤϱɫ
ˮڰ׵ĿռɽþòϢ
·˼𵴣һ˳ʮ⣬ɫѿվס˲ӡʱҲ岽漴ͷɽǰȻ·ޡ
һӰӣһذĽ·ȫ˵£ɽ纣쵶·СÿЦ
ˡ˳ɽͬʱ
ʱʱѾĿⶨĶ·ޣЦü俪ġһʹŰɱڰǰԺǰһչʱķǷܲô
·ͣڽŵ似ܷܶѾûʱԻһ似Ƿӭɽĵ⣬һ˫ֿͷϣһʹͷϵ˫ּ
ûʵʣֻһ⣬һĵ˫ּɽŻͬڿһɽ纣Ķͣ͵Ữ˿ˢһûи죬ǸһʱǷǰ룡
·ûȥյһ˫ĿĿ
ͬһֱܱõʩߵϣʹͬڻʱһ㡣ʱЦݲգѾʧʣһƾĶǵѪ˳
ҰǰҺһڵϡ
ԺһƬţһĲţЩǣָոպ꣬Ϳ˼һĻ
һһ˫֣һ֧ĵ⣬ʥ۷壬İһ
⻹ô
·޲ûжͣط·ǧܾʯȻڲӿм߰ڵĿУһչʮ׳ıӳСԺҹɫˡ
ղһ£ˡ


250 ս
峿׻Ѿϰ·޵ķǰ̽ȥһۡ
·ԴʶﵽһûйعţûǰѾ֪һΣ׻һ̽ͷĿǰһ˫ĿһϣСһС࣬Ȼ˸СʷϣżܹĴһĸһǸʣ˾ǰÿյ·硣
·磬ʲôĿ䵽·ǰһѻҰɫĻҽϡ
һǧܾʯ·޿Ц˵һӣֻһڣѼֵƵܾʯͱӡֻʹռԵ·޲֪Ҫܻռ䣬ֻʱƺˡ
·磬һҹû˯һ׻ʡɴʰǶѶ
˳Թˣʮͷ󣬾һƺһӡÿ춼иԶĵطϹߣЩǱ˵ģԺϵԺ浹ȣͨһһԡ
̨Ѿҵһ̶ȣһģ̨ˣһ۾ѾﵽıԡСҲУÿ嶼˲ģǲһλСȥʲô֮ġ˵ǰֻһ
·ʮ༶¾һȣܸоڶĿһ˳ֺ󣬾һֱĬĬעšָоͬϼþһео·޵ľޱ֣¾ᵽȮĸܡͬٲĴڣ·Ŀ⺬Ĵкһ·޵¾ĸоá
·磬ôû߰ˣһֱܾʯ£Ⱥ˰죬Ȼûƽʱ߰ǳȺ֡δЩ죬ʲôıְɡ
ǽ첻ˡ·˵Ҳһֹ̲ȺиӦͷԽĳء
ɣǵϴҪսǻռסλãΪʱкۡŮ˵
ǵϴˡ·˵
Ϊʲô˶һ㶣Щš
ǵ·޺Σֻ˵ͬһܣ˵СˣƵˡ
˲˵ˣ׻СͨͨĿ·ޣӺ·֮
ԺʱţƵĸŮȻתͷߵ졣
һ˵Ӧǰʯ
ŶϧμӴᡣŮź˵
˵䣬¡һ죬һʯķɣѾɢˣһϺһŻ棬ʯȻȼλʥɻܵĽ֮£ʯͷȻҲȼ
űԽԽȻһһСĵĿһλñͷһũױˣ˵үÿô
û̧ͷ˵ٿ
Ӧһת˴ȥˡ
Եһһ٣ȵе·޵֣һֱͷ·޲һչüͷ̨ȥ
սߣɽµĽйȥ
ɽ·޶Щӡȴһʱ벻ֻһλѾԾ棬ᱧȭ
·һƺһ⡣
ʱڸһϣһԾ̨ȥһӣˣǺټŮӣŮһվ̨ϣϾҹעϵ·˹
·ޱһһڻˡ
ˣԶڱɽµĹŹһ˵Ļ֮Ů
ְɣǸɽԷ·˵
·ȴҡͷ˵һ¡
·һۣڸܿҲ·޵һĸܡҪɱѽ
վڻλʥ߽ףһ֣ǿĵؼȵʱԽ˾ԽѾЩͷˡܶվŵλŮߣҲһشĴޡ
أ񱩵֧ܲȴһľܶܣһˣ裬ӼǱ
·һ飬ϸǷ䡣
̨һƬ˵һʲô
Ǹ˵ʣĳȴֳһĻȡЦЦЦݲҲĵһ
һҧ£һڵһռȥռ仹ǰŵõģԻ֪ʲô·һ̣һƺ޾ݵܴ壬ڲǴܲоԷڼĲ԰ȥ
˼ûϣһʱתͷһԶڸһ޵һ߿ϣһһֱڵһ̵·ޡһۣâ磡
̨ϣ˲վǴȥֻû㵽ⳡͬĻ֮ǲںٶһռģֻһЩʥıѾ˽ˡ
ôءеͷʹ
Ӧһʼͻ뵽ֵġ׺ɫһ
һߵ۷ĺȴ˵ΪǣòΪһʥõõռɣǿǸ۷ֿռ䣡
һ㶣ĿֻһЦȻ˵Ǻ뵽һ㣬ûֺҵҲûиߵôҪռģͬλ֮񣡡
һ˵ʮλһʱѿ
ԭһƬϣȫˣǰʥ۷һҲвģ
䡭
ӦԼܴǹһֻ֣ȻĴһƬȭֻһֻͨͨһȭ似㲻ϣֻһȭһ̨ʯȭסޡԷһĵɳȥʮ׵˴УȻľ£γһֻӣ棬֪ѾСȻһ̨ʯϰգת
ڸһ̨Ĵϣֻһ˻վԭزǸɽͬλֻ֮ûͷųǸ°˵ˡ
֮ͻأڱһԱ䣬Ѿʧǵ֮⡣


251 ħ
·ҪȥİһĽ·޵׻ʮ˿ǵԶȥӰֻҲ֮ȥˣŻ죬ıǵʱµʮͬʱеһرĹµƺߵһȺˡ
ҪȥİŮȻУ
ģ׻СͻȻޱȼᶨ
ķڶ߲ϣ·޽ܷŵ󣬺ĻӶĿȷû˷һ㾫񣬸Ӧû׷󣬾ͷٶȣһֱϿշ裬ֱʱǰһγǸΰɽȡ߹ȡ
ȺȻڣŽ߻һΪλ˽һ켸ҹĴսڷֳʤһͬĽռס˻λ죬λ߻ʾȺһ̧ͬͷ۹⿴ʲôǸĿĸӦ߻ǿʶǿüġ̵ͷٵ壬˻
ͷˡ
·ûκֱ䵽Ǹضǰ档ȺԶԶΧȴ׹Ĳ˰ӿš
治Ǹӣ롣
ھһεĴսѾвٴʯѣ棬·޺ȻļȭȥһĴ󶴡ٲɣٲڡ
ԽԽǿѵ·ֱһ󣬲òųռڵİϵܣʹԼܹȥ
һֱǸ󶴸ıڵľʯһְɫĹ·֮ƽľȥһһġ
ʯʦֻˣ֪㻶ӭǺǡ·˵
ϴδҵСû˭ҸǰˣҵȻˡǸ˵ôǿռ䲻ôõõİɡʯ٩
ô֪·һ㶡
Ǻǣ㲻֪ôԴɽһʯ󣬶࣬ˣ˵֮ʯǷʯ󾮱ϵ£Ҳ֪ôʱڴƥھڣֻ첻㣬ͻˣҪ뾮ߵġ¡¡˵
㻹˵ãӦóǵôʦ͸Ӧһҽ᲻ʲôͻƣ·޺Ȼµ˵
㲻дϢˣһһõռ࣬ߵøԶ֮ǰǸ޲ôΪʲôҪ᱾ĩأǵܲ˵
·޶ʱסˡ˺һᣬ˵Ҳõֻռ䣬Ҳ˵õҳ֮ŮѾһλ֮ˣһҪҲܵɱҰ
ߣǵߵûдģͲдɾֻͣǰСжϢռһֻԶһұŴ־ųְ㣬Լƫ׷С˵Ķʵд󺦵ģ
¡¡羪װ·޵ͷ·ֻͷϺˮ乶£ͷԸӡ
˺þã·޲ڵϣŻʯ֣µĿͷȥ
ʡͺã·ҪԼȥߣֻǧ󣬻̸ͬ°ˣҪãддãйؼ˸ߵԣǲѿ͸ġ
·޵ͷٶԣ˼ãھ뵽µϢ
һк󣬾춯ĵȻüʧֱע뵽·Сռ
Ϣֳǿƥ죡
СӣʲôаҵĵϢˡʯ˵ൽûк¡
ףϢ޾ݣ·޵һʱ״ռ䣬Өһĺ
ߣ᱾δʯǲм
һһҹڴﵽǧȵĵ»·޼ᶨƵţƤܿĸɬë䣬Ȼδǿʶ޾ݵĶռĹעͲʱֳ裬һĿ絶
һǴֻ̨ʣˣһλǻһλλɽһλ˵ȴǺһλʮ֮㶨
ƻʮһսҲᵽճλһͬ󣬾ǰĽԴɽԺҲãֻʣˣҲֻһս¡
¾һ춼·޷ߺ󣬾ʹ߸ˣӵԭңƺ˳ӿѾﵽ߳ǶںߵĽѾٹģֻأ᲻
׻֧ͷճ·ڻأ򲻹ҲòŷߵģΪʲô
һҹ޻
ڶһ磬ԺĴƺѾɽ˺ȵ̨¶ǿߺˣһλŮλͬһϡֻʣλߣµĵʡ²١
һ̨۹⣬ļȳƣոʼմһĨ⣬Ƶλ׼Ůվ̨ϣȫȺҵҪӰǣʧȺȺû
ٲ˰ɣǻʲô취ء뵽
˻ȫˣǻϣпܿǵ·ͻȻ֡
µһλԺеĳϣ̨˵ʤ˭ͼս˳ȡǩԶ֡Ϊ˶֮һսֻһλᣬһͷռ֮һʱĻָڣпһԣҪԾΪ˹ƽ
δ䣬ȻһЦ¡¡ĹƺϿգЦò񣬽컹һսɡ
ֻöʹ絶һЦȴΪ֮ȫ𣬵ز𡣿ռ𵴣һգȽȴһһͷβ߼ʵĺɫΣڰʵʰһ֣סչ⣬ֻһž޴󵽳ͷ䳡ϿգȴѪ֮ɫã뼸ɳžͻоӨ͸Һ洹䡣ʣβǿ
Ǹ֮ȴվڶ֮УһЦĿ档λ췢꣡ൽֻжʮӣͷףֱֱһ˫Ѫɫͫÿ绨Ƥˮ͸ɫϸüֱۣıӣĵɫ۵˫°һЦǵÿŮǣ
аЦţƾ޽ڰգڣλ·ӡ
̨ϣλϰɫһߵİ񣬲˵һڻˡ
ռ䲻ס𵴲ϢһХĴһӰڲĿռĽС磬Ҳʮòúǿ̱˫ĿˣһױҲƾ޽裬ôʣվں֮£Сȴŭһ֣ѹס˺ʹγһЩŶԷԵ˵㻹ǳˣȥˣ㻹ǻţ
ȻͷԺɽһʱ죬ôħаѾˣ
ɽһ󲨶Ϣһᣬһһƥȼŵĳʮףߴ׶ǣƾնУͬͥǰ
ʱ˿̣Ƭ£һλ˽ħһλŮڣһλ״һͬղʱе֣ʮһͬĿ˱˫սֻеĩ٣Ѿӡ
ղڵûյİղһ¡


252 
ʱֻ֣ܲǿǰˣ΢΢һ񣺡а벻ţ֪ʲôԸ
һߵĺڱľٶˣʱͷҲ˼ˣöôǵаħһλħߣ˼ڸ񣬲Ҫħ֮аɣ
ʱϲŭ֣˵Цˣʱ޿̸ǵ˽̻塣ֻλаħǰϣ֮ͬˣҪеġ
ٺ٣ʱ컹ʶ󣬡ħ˵ˣҲ֪ϣںδ
Ѿн겻а걻ǿ׼ħɽһ֪ΪʲôͻȻڴѵѽôʱħȴһ
ߣ˵ϣѾ֪٣ܿѾˣվһռȥˣһɽʲôֻż˵֣˼Ҿ͹ȻǱôȻԽԽã˵أħһ˷ܡ
акָ̣ʱ칧ʵ
ûʲôƥǣţ۷壬ҲѵˣٽһǲܵģҲμǵĴᣬ뿪缸ħߣܲͬһսǿأǲǺ˼ħ˫΢УͳɫͫһգǵĻȸˡ
·绹ƯŮһ˵ʵĿЩ롣
аħ߰׻˵Ķа㻹Ѱɡ
ʲôħħģ˭ǸֻҪ˾СŮֱ
׻㱻һֹȥһֻѾСһעȥŮϢܵһײʱѹ׻԰ŵС£ԼȻħ̫רעЩħ
һѹŮųһ亹ٿʵĿͱÿħܻ治Ǹħ˵Ǵĵﾪ̾ÿħħĲںġ
а˼Ҫǿռ䣿ʱе㲻ţΪһλڣΪһʲôá
ôңħ˫һʱֱʱһǰһռ䲨һǰһ״ըһ糺ơʱһ
һǫ̂ϵһʱ˱ƺֻжʮħòһ㰡
һ£һƺܹϵ¡İǰħ߱鲼ȫ½ѹ֮ϣһʱ䣬½ңʱҪǳλϣ׵ۣ½ħߵͳ֮£˵Ǵλħܵһͳ֮¡һսעΪһ棬ϣۼħ츳ѣ˰֮ģһ似ħͷϣûȥħڿ󣬵õħɽ磬ٳǿӵһ·
۲֪٣ħȴ˳λ˫޵ħڣ֪λ֣ûлӮ
ȻĿռը죬ڲܣչһСһƬâ֮ڣʱ죬սɣ۲ڣֻܵסħ
ʱɫѿȻ˵ак뷨
ܷѿռ֮ɣһֳֻһֻʮ׵һֻܱ̺罣ɫͷף˸壬ʣε
ǺǣȤһû͸ôڵأħɫħ΢ŤʵһȴûҪֵ˼ҲԴСģҲھΪһܴùҰɣùңóҲԴӴʧˡ֮ĴԻóǡǾأ
һЦаޣĻ
а˵ǣǳ˿ǣʱԸ⵽ǰһսʱҲûвܣͬĲ˰ٲһʣȴԾλڵ࿹
һ˵Ȼ򣬵ͷ˵ʱͷһҷ㣬һֱȫȻǰ̺罣ݵĿħڡ
ߣ˵˶ֻȤΪҴλħߣҲһΪ۷壬֪ܸܲΣ֮ͬ乫ƽһսĻأħ˵˴˴⡣
ʱ찵һڳ΢Ц˵ȻֻҪ˭ӮⳡԣǿռȻģＸʮ˿أ˭ҲԼġ
ģ˵ģӮˣҲᶯǿħܵȻó֮
Ǻãλͽɣʱ˵
ãǳħܳŵһһõһС硣ʮȺ߳һҲʮӣøüĿ㣬һ˲ģȺ˭õȻһаħߡ
ǰһվޱ飬Ŀնͫȴķ΢ĺ⡣
ʱǳǴ𣺾Ȼλռӵߣһ¼ߵȻȴʶǿһɨˡ
һս˿꣬ȺһţʶٴηǸһֱ˴һλռӵߣλ꣬ûУʶʮھһֻҲοǸˣȥء
ڣʤЩ


253 ս
Ҷڣ·ޱӿĻһ޾ݵϢϵļӳֵСռ
ռ䲻ǿĹò˶ˡ
Ѱɣûжʱˣ΢üͷϢе˼¡
һɣûʱ俴ˣħ¡¡˵
ôӮжɡһ߽ӿ˵
ôöħӮָеһˣһ㣬ҵĵӣѣ־ҪѪҪĸҪˣ˳һһ׶ԺǽȥɡˣϻˣǴ򣡡ħ˵꣬ٿһħΣڸ̨֮ϡħһգһٴԳͷҲһ
λҲܣͬһ̨ϣһһҽħܼм䣬ͬʱʾ˺ˡƬ֮䣬ϰ˵ĸ̨ϣֻʣλڣе棬˷׷ܵ⣬ųϵ˶Ծ
ôҲ벻䵽ֵزһҪսûСħ߳ڱУ䲻ԸҲֻһսɽʮ㣬ΪͷͬħһսмЩ׳ӵȻ㶨ȴءһ¶ˣһ֣ӱѶȡ
ħ߶ʮĺӣħܵȻĲĿռһ̣ʮ˵ǰǰ޵֮ǰСʦһֱһ񱩵ܲŪúڹһƬͬͻȻ˰Ƭһ㡣
һ
֮񰡡
ͬһԣǰϵˮܣϵħȴֻСһŵĺͬҪìܵһ£СһҲ⣬òͬġ
ĵһ
ˣħԭȻ֮񣬶ҴӲ֮ܲϡǶħߣħ߲ͬľ˫ޣ˫ܲ˵ͬλȥλ֮
кϷˡ
ڸ־Աɫ֪ǻڼĺλϡ
Ȼһ£ʮɽȻܣһɴײռ֮޵ܲǰڣȫһƬֱһλ·һͬıһֻ󡣬һЦĻ󡣬ԼıأɽɽͲܲ˵ĽһҪԴɽڣпͻƵǿߡ
ɽĻھͲһֻ񼶸󡣬ϧֻޣҲֻλˡ
λޱСɽһĶŸ߹ü׵˫ħߡ
㶨Ҳײռ䣬һﵽ׵޷ɻܲĻһԻɫ󣬵Էĺеһƴ
ǰĿ䵽λϣ߼˼ͬʱĿܲЩʧûôǿĶ֣ЩңĿͶλ׵ĵСϡ
ľް԰СȻҡҡͷ۹ת򶫷Ȼת
˼Բ¶ģͻȻ˵ˣҲˡ˵Σٲͷ侹Ȼʧ˴ˡ
ʱվһֳ̼ȥץءץòŶطġץҲģһʧȥս־ˣȥҲȻ
ڶ
ʺĻ
ħܷЦһӰʶʱΪܣǱĳɾͲСأ
ȡǰҷֻˣ㿴ʱСĵʵ
ʮνֻǲܳ˶ʮ꣬˵㶨Ĺء֣ʮҲ˶սģӣ
ʱһ飬ҳˣõмϧЩʮˡ
һһߵĺڣһЦĿСУҪԳˡ
ռͷʱľޣλѾչ似һȭ
λǰӿĺˣܲһķӿϣХһľ졣ռڴʱŤţһͬȭſ޶һĴ죬ɶ¡
ħܽɣɽ㶨βͬնܲѾһ˰׵Ŀռ䡣
ѹ£λ߻ֱۣʹ似һؼں㶨ͳɽûдﵽؼ似ֻһи߼н׵似ƣܲȭǰγһֻͷĿɲ˳ȥ
¡¡ܲһضɽҡһҡܳͲʯķɣ˱˵εĲ
䳡ͬһ飬һ޿ǰ
һʵЦһЦȫħܵ¼
λħֻһǶλȴ֮⣡
ۡ
㶨Ѫɽ鼫ңʵĽѾΪϣ¶ļ϶˺ۡ
ҹƵùˣˣһɣѲ˶ʱģħܿһۻʱߡ޴һӵĹǡĿУͬڿԼҵĹ
ݺἸǣХɽ֣޳ܹ벻ĵ̡ȻƲ
ʱ̾ϢһվҪںһ˵ӣλħߴͽߣ˺ܺġ
һѾС㶨ǰһֻСһһ֮͵ڡ㶨һֹס˿ѪҺ
ðɣħˡʱأû뵽ϣ۲ڣħٶ磬ĵĲһսʧгصǣû۵磬ܵסħٴô
Ļδ䣬һЩСĴһһս
һ̧ͷǸ޿Уиǿ


254 ս
ʱһ֮£Ҳᡣ
ɽײĲһһܵ˺㶨ӳءȫ㣬ѪϿʱûܲܣȴһֻģ죬˶󡣬ȻҲǸޣֻҲܵ𵴣óЩˡһ£⼸λħߵһͻҪλС
Ҳħߵõǣɽǿ˵ǴħеˣѾǧҾսҲǵóѣ
ôǵĴģʱһ
ħɽҲǧ֮ң˷ץ꣬ɽħǲӣǾͽ׳ȫɱСӶħɽȥˡҪħħǰ壬ͬѪ𣬾ıóѣɽ˵ʹ¡
ʱ쿴һߵλħżЦ绨Ŀɽ·˵һȤ¡
㲻ϣۻ𣿡ʱɫʵ
Ȼ£ѵʶôҶˣٲڳɵۣ˶õģ˵ŤתǬֹôΨһҳɵ۵ĹǰҪһԣұɽҵڶΪĵرҺ˹ħЦ˵꣬ʱѾɫ
ŤתǬеĹԶŵħִġ˵˹һɣһ飬췭ظƬֻһԵͬ
ʯҩܺˣеĵرҵĶħܷЦƺѾ˹֮ա
Ȼɽһۣռһ˿ʱ˴һֱӹȥѾˣɽȻأһͷһƬѪ꣡
Ȼûˣ㻹Ÿʲôħ赭д˵ɣҾ˵˵
ʱĿȫʮֻҧ˵λǴս
ħһܵĿƺʮݽ棬ʱ˿̵һٴо־µĸоѾܾúܾã·˱˵£緢վȫߵϣһпǣˣӻħɽƵõ˴йã
Ȼʱֹסˣһ߽ҰһҲȫ꣬Ŀݣë΢ͬŴӻ߳
·ޣ
ͬһžһĿոոϻһɲꡣкǳ
·һ˫䵽Ժǰ֮ʱ͸ܵ˾춯صܲһܲѾķΧ䳡һ
ǰЩš
ǰǳƬƬڵϵˣЩһϢһʱԵÿտĴ䳡Уһ޿ӴĿġǿʶﾹȻλͬƿذƵǿߡ
ֻļ𻹿ǸߵʲôزһţȴûпӰʮ꣬һ֮ջڵϣ뵽ָȥˡ
һں㶨ϣһȴͻأһ֧ʮ׵̺罣
ʱһۿ·ޣռһͳߣԵô仰
·޵ͷ˵Ѿˣ𣿡
ʱЦʱͬɣӮ˵Ļǿռˡ
·һ㶣˵ͬ򣿡һ۵״̬еСӡ
˹Ҳһ£ɵĺɫأŽ֮С˳ԾСʥڲ£Ȼ·һǰˣͨ˻Щͬġ
ĳ֣ħܺܲΪȻ˵ʱ죬㻹ʲôҪˡ
ʱһ˵аҲǰȡǿռģΪƽǴ˵˵Ҫô£Ҫ뾧ʯģ
ߣʲôӮ˾˵㣬Ҳһʱ˵£ʲôףСӻǸռӵߣаţռ仹ڣôֲռأ
ħֻѪͫɨ·ֻһ䣬·ԼһȫѹˣͰǰ˹ۿ
ָоѪҲŵˡ
˭ȻĲ˰ϵĻܡڶһһҹ֪ģϵĻѾٴͬʱǿʶϱסԼʶסԷʶĲ쿴
Ǻǣ˼ħƯһȣµĿ·ޣ㻹ǿʶҲλ˫߰ܵסҵʶ˼˹·ע⵽ĽŸû棬ֻ̧ȴƾնСһ𾪵ĿȥԼٵˡ
λڣ
·޸ܵаܲ
λħаܣϣͬʱħߣǰȡǿռ䣬ѾӮˣǲսأʱֳûеĳأֱǰλꡣ
·һǰλȻϣͬʱħߣһ벻һǿռᣬȻϵش󣬾ȻѼδħߣʱ䳡ӣصһȥˣ͸еαԣζˣͷһϵλ꣬Щԥ
Ȼʱ󣬴粽룬ȫܿƵһ״ʱ˳繷ʱ˵ߡ
֪һ£񲻹һ񣬡ʱ˵ǿռһֱõģ֮ǰŬǱֻ֤ܵõ˭ʹ˭
úӣʱ˼۾˹âڵĴǵòõǿռ䣬սһǲܸܰħߵģڼǰ磬Ҫǳλϣۣ¾Ͷħ磬Ҽ㲻ףֻһ㶮ǵ𣬺ӣڲΪһ񣬲ΪԼ磬ս
ͷЩ⡣
·޴ûΪ˱ȥսͷһʱЩҡĿ⻹䵽еǸ޿ϣ䵽Ѿ˵⣬Ȼûߵϡأĸܡ
Ǻǣʱ죬ģˣħ粻֪жأȫ磬磬ôΪǵأǽãͬǵһħ˵ҪҵĹˣûĵǾ
Ѫ۾䵽ϣݵǾȻԾһ


255 һ֮
ʱǰҲ֪ԼܲӮһֻ˺Ѿ̧ͷһĵЦţģһδæһѣ֧һӵܣ
СҡþδѵĿռСʱ˿ҲŲԭһСͨ徧Ө͸ܿϢɢһɲ
֪ѣΪҪԵĹǶ˫޵ħߣܴﵽףҪԵʲôĶ֡
ʱ˵꣬·Ͼڳ鴤ͬλ֣·ٷҲǸʲôڵҲǸף˺ҲŴﵽװˡ
˵һ֡·Ϊˡ
ʱ˵ͷһߵħܸЦΨ
Ϊʲôⲻƽһ·޼ˡ
ܹƽȻҼҲ˶սħ˵ǺǣҺ뿴ôһģ˼ŵ˺ȵ̧ͷ졪
ȫһһ̧ͬͷſħ˳ȱѪɫָ˼ɺɫҩƽķǿУͬһ㡣
ʱǾսˣʱ죬ѵһܴùλһִôЦҵҪⳡϷһЦٲߣ죬ȴûܶ㿪˳ݰ׵ŪȼյƤë
ѾԼˣСԹĴ޵˰ٺ٣˼
ǵӺܿ
ʱ죬һսٲʲôɲǣ˰ɣܺ˴ﵽʮףŤתǬ󷨵ķۡĿģʱҲȻ
ɫĿ·ޣȴ˵аҲλǿߣ˵ɣ˵Ҫƽģͬϣͬɣ
ȻᣬħһϷŰĿһֻۣҪܴùҵĵӣ͹㣬ҲΪֻܺʳԵģ˼
·޷ԼĴЩԼĿˣħλ꣬Ѿܲϲ˳ֻҪһ˿ײռ䣬ϾͿսˡ
λ·޶ʱ˵һһࡣ
Ҵ򲻹ʱô
˵أʱ˷ԵĻҺͬ㻻λá˵ŤתǬôһת﷽Բһǵܺ˾󷨵Ĺؼڣ֮ǰûףаΪʲôռ䣬õܺ˰
·Ͼʶ˴սĳءǴ򲻹ôʶʵ
һߵħһЦ⡣
Ҳƽ֣ʱûʶش𣬷ħõġ
ҲᣬħЦ
ƴһսǶ˲㣡ʱͬʱ˿λѾվ𣬽㶨ϵĺڡ
ߺߡħܲмЦ
£Ƿ䲻ɵġ·޿Ц˵
ôءʱ۹ƷŹ⣬ֱ
Ļֻɱǣ·˵ᣬѾû¶ȡ
һ̣ѪȼӦһ̵ĲͬλλƿߣһͬζĿħܵĸǵ΢΢һ١
Ǿɱǡʱ˵ֻӮ䣡
·磬ҪģǶ֮򲻹ģһһһӰͬʱվǲŴδлָ׻㡣
·޳һЦ˵򲻳ɵģʱ˼Ȼ˵ǸŤתǬɱǾͲٲҲҪǣҲԼ˵һݡΪǶս·޴Ӳη
ûϵǶúÿ·磬ôŰǣòá·֮·һζҲ˵
·硭׻йһٲ˵ɡ
˵ĶԻȫֹͣ˵״̬¡ʮ˶ͬʱһ£λȫһ꣬һغÿһ¡ÿ飬ÿеĿУ̤̳ζ
·磬Ѿģħ߶ҪӮˣСҾͼ޸㡪Ů
·һ顣
ˣ׻ݺݱһѹŮ·磬Ҿ͸һӡҲеСһʱͨͨ졣
·ޣǣʮ༶ͬѧǣһͬ¾Żĸ첲Ҫ
·޴ǡ˽Ǻ
·ޡ·ޡ
Хһδеڴ䳡ϷʮһͬߺԴɽǵһΣͬһ˼ͬĸߺһ˵֣֮ǰϣڣҲû¡
ǡ
ǡ
һ˸߹һˡ
·Ĩ۾þսҲǻѪ
ðɣеǾսɣ
Ѿӵվ𣬲ҶɺХĺɲˣЦݲѾû¶ȣѪ˿ҲѾе˶㡣
ڣһɴռײ˹ȥȻһ£ֹСԵʡ
أҸƱղذɡ


256 С·
Ŵħϵõָ꣬ڵõħָܵʾҲȻĽܲڰգҵܲײ·޾ȳ֣һܣһȦתұһԲΣؼܶ˲˫ϣγһ˳ȥ
ܴﵽһܶգ۵顣ܶÿֻ׷ԲƿһеХ˳ô䳡ϳɳϵĸʯȫ棬ӳĲб쭶ȥ
·޵ǰȫǷ˻˳ħܵͷʮʱ˵۹⣬СӺôܰϷһˣ
ʱ˵֮ǰעͣû뵽ǿ̶ֳȡ
ħܺһΪһ˴ùħ񣬾̫ˣ
֪ˡʾ΢üüͷ
һַ֣ͬһµķ·ͨһ㡣ֻţɫǵֶ˳ȥ
һٿһ´ͷ·޵ķܶȻһ죬ܶĿ¡һ󣬺񱩵ķܶһͬʧյʱһһֻȴѾ·޺˿
ͻȻַͬıϣɽ·޵ĿȻǣͻأʵʰŤľ죡
ʱһʮҲͣ˺
¡һըɫܲ±ѣ·޵һԱӶеĻڰա
˻ϲ
үүǰ׼ҵʯ˰׺ߣȻ˵
׺ʱϺ·׼ҵܱħ߽֣ǰ׼ҵҫ׼ҵ似ţ
ôУʯɵʡ
׹ùõͽܣôûءԺҪ׽Ҳ׼˰׺˵
𰸴ʯϣٴе·ޣв˵ùôֵ̳ĵӣǰѰ׼궼ȥô
·ƿΣ˫һգˡʱ˿̵һ壬ǰһһ˾֮˵һ壬һλﵽ˾Ž׵۷
׵ܲƳĵˣ֮ʮ׵Ŀռȫܻ£һ׷䣡
ȻռһħֱѪܷ߰ѣ۵һѪ˵ǰ׵Ŀռ䶼ɺһƬѪ̻һܱһ֧ʮ׵һֻζŤתϢĵؽѪ߽
ͬѪ죬ֱָգ˵һ𵴵ÿռ
·޵ܱǰ࣬غȻѹ£Ȼĺ䵽Ѫ߽ϡܱһһ䲨ɢĵѹֱŻ¡
·һη𣬶Է۷ܲͳԶ
·ɫЩףڿжһ£һչɻء
Ȼڰϣ˫ֻɫܷϷĽ˸ܷܶȻһ۵İ׹ӻɫܷĵֹܣӳ˹ܵķܶ糴˫ּ˳ȥ
似׺ͷ𺳡似ǵһμ
·޵似ڽʱѾؽѪֱָ߽·ޣƳգʮףܲûѾعʮ׵ľ룬˵˻·ޡ
ƽĸ߽似۷ܵļӳ£ֱơ
·ǰף·Ѿе似ܷܶͷų
䡭
ͷգײܲˣѪɫĽ⣬ĹܣɫķܣɫħΣƬⲨݿ
ħһЦǶλһۡǶλѿ
ħһվԭĵط·Ѿ˼׵ĸ߿ա
·ֻؿڼƣѾ׳羫ʹ಻ڿһ٣·޺ٴſڱо£¡
ڵȴһʱĬĬš
ȥɱħܺȻһһâ
λħӦһϺƣȻһλħ߾һۣѪܣѪнѵؼѪ߽Ѫצħص·ޡ
Χ֮ƣֱͬʵĺ·չʮ׵ڵУʮףѾ㲻Сˣм䣬С˲ã
Ѫ߽ѪߣֱָգħӰӼѹм䡭
һ£Ӧϵѹ·ȫ죬飬һ̣ѪƺҪѪˡ·޺Ȼģһ֧Լͬʱܷŵ˫ʧѾһ֧϶ڽշɲǼ䣬׹桭
䡭
һ·ײɵġµĵѷ첻չ׷¡
·ȫѪѪҺס¡˼ƣѾչˮ˫ٳһԾ£һǧ׿ռ䡣һһλħ俪ľ޿ӡ
ٵһȡ
·޷ƺ˼ޣ̧ͷʱĿһ˫ѪѪۣ֮ڲԶ׼ȥλħȽΰ·ǰ
ٿڻ·ѪţѾ˾أٵˡһֱŵһɴȻСֻĵ˺ϡ
䣡Ȼһ·޵ĴڰΧеһηڡ
һİСͬʱģ·ϵĿռָ˵һ͸Ĵﵽʮ׸ߴ欲ˣ֮С
˺ľӨ͸Ļһα·ͷųĽЦ֮Ǽӭ˹ȥ
ħһֱЦŵһһ鲻˼顣ڷЦãֱȫ졣
벻һ֣ռ䣬ײһ׼ʱײڶʱӮˣٺ٣ħռҲˣ֮ʱҲͽˡʱ̾ѡ
ħһصĺһ
˴׻һŹˮСһֱ԰ţһָֻ֣ѾݽѪϣȻҲǻȻŴһͣճտս
ǵĸ·ÿſѷһ
ּƴҲǺѼġ
ռļӳ֣·޳ɣ˫һţֻͬʱֳֻһֻǳ׵Ļһֻȴľı̵ĵͬʱӶӭѪ߽
еܹⲨݺύͬһ˼
˺ǺһЦһצӳһ̣еˮһͬצˣһɽ˲Ϣ֮ɣħ˳ȥ
վҪö࣬ûɵܲشһ֮£Ȼѿ˲Ρ
ͬʱģȻĴ·ޱϻ֮ײ֮⡣۵һѪڰյ·޺ȻЦˣʱ䵽ˣǣЦţһ֣ͬ˺һͬ¡
ħ˫Ѫͫһһ˵»ûС
ʱһ㶣ҲܵλħռѾΪʲô˵ء
·еڿлʮ׵ܲλꡣ˺צϵֻɽⲿ£ȴѹһλ
ʱ˿λռȻþȻ䣬˻ͷ˵ϵħһۣһؿڡ
ۡ
Ѫ죬Ѫ֮ʮ׵Ŀռһ۾СŵѪ飬Ө͸Ķռ䡣
·һ㶣Ȼ뵽һ似ǻºǰһսӵǿ˵һ仰ɣҵѪ
似һӣֹס˵壬ʧȻһĽ˱ʷܶ˦˹ȥ
ʱ˿̣˺ıɽѾӵһƬѪСѪմڱɽϣһ͵˵ɣҵѪ
䡭
ɽѣһıм
˺һˣѪѾӭֻþצǰץצγɼٿһ£һ𣬿ռѪմһ̣ƾʧˣһɰɫٿ·޵Ŀռָڡ
ܶƿһаӭȥѪͱĻɫ綴ڣ֮ڷܶڱȻըˡ
Ӱڰ֮У桭
·޵һĿʱ˿Ѿûһ˿¶ȣ߹һ˫ֻһ׵Ĺܷܶ˫ּΣԥ׹е˹ȥ
ƿһе似ܼӳ֮£ܶﵽʮ׷Բٶȴﵽ˼µĹܽռ˺ˣˣŤˡ
꣬һͬ似ʧȥ
һһλλ֮սֽսᣡ
ڵϵһ̣ʮѻȸȻһκ˰ĺȡ
ġ
·䡭
а㲻Ҫʳ԰ʱЦ˵
ħЦʼչϣȻһͷ˵ҵȻᣬ£֮ǰҪһ£ҴӦ㲻ǣû˵ɱ˰ɡ
аѪһߵʧȥӣʱ죬Ҳһռ˴ˡ
а򲻿ɡʱϱɫǿռѾ˰㲼˿ȥ
·޸ովֱ壬ǰһưĳһֻɫͷѾηΧͷȻһЦһ˹ֻħһЦĿ½ƺûжȻ˫ֻ֣ǶĿ
Ѿ·޸е˴δйľֻͷȻ羫ƣһֻ׵ȼյĻȻһϸ۵롭ضľ޿ڣ·Ŀ׶ȫǼܣڷͷХǰſŵ綴
䡭
ʱܲһſˡħܲɫĿ·޷򣬾ûͷ
ʮڽλħߣ˭ﲻѾʧڵ·ޣ
·һ̱۾ԭʧˡ
Ȼǿһ͸صһѵֻһѵĸ壬ħ߻߹ȥ
ħ˲ͬһһĵɴ۾ظҲŵ߻ԡ
꼶ϣˡ
ռԭѾտҰһħаܣŵò֪١·һѪڵϣЦõ
дף֧֣ǺǣҰæղغͶƱɣ飬Ұ


 ;


257 
꼶뵶ϣ˺һ·һ̣ԼĻĻǺϵһĸо֮ǰйġ
Ц·Ȼվţֻ˺ľһµûˡʱ΢ѳߣͳһ͸СҩҪĿСһеʱ죬Уҵġ
ռ΢Ȼ·ߣֹסʱ˵Ķ
ﵽףҩ̫ˣúҵСԪɢȻֻĽ׵ģʱЧǸ˵ţóһֻˮƿ⿴ƿӣǼ˹֮Ķ֪
ʱ˵ͷھͽֻƿӶ·޿ڱߣ˵СӣһСڡ
·ˮƿͿڣһͷ·Ҫ͸֪ѵһıҩﲻӣſݺݵڣһֻˮƿѾûжˡ
һ飬ۣƿҩ𲻻Ƽѣмζʱ䣬ȡĴӸеõҪһƿ֪Ҫˡݣ
·ڱһȣһº͵ͻȻɢ֫ٺ֮У˵̹ٲԣڵأ뵽Ϣ棬ѵõѵĵռ֮С
Ⱥ𶯡ǳˮӵڰ׺ͻеֳһס˵ĽŲ
λ˿ܴ̾꣬뿪һݳʱˡ
˲СӰ
һ˸ħаܰ·ޡ
ֲãһ˶ȡܺˣԭ
һܷһʣߣûħܿó굶ʱı飬̵ģè󣡺ٺ٣ˬһٿǸΣΪϣ۵ء
˲Ͼߣ۷׷ף˿·޵Ŀ⣬Ȼֳ
һ赲Ⱥе𺳸ӵԸӡ
굶ܱĽϷʽҲֲ似֮һǴﵽ֮ǵ˺һȴǴﲻģѹǿħܻΪϣ׸ôҲ뵽һֻСó̬似
û뵽
·޴ӵʼһ֮·ĸҲͨ߶ʮ֮࣡
׻һȺʮ˼˴ﲻܹһСѾˮ͸ˣǿЦ⡣
ֻ۷ǣһھ·ް׵ĵطһĿ꣬ﵽǻۣףСӾõռˡǶм㣡ûڣֻһ·Ǿħлɢֻʣһöﵽʮ׵ܺˡ
ʱܿȥٴ۵·ȫָ֮ǰ˺ҽֹڣ֣ܳӯڵСԪɢЧ·һѹϿȥôĺ΢
ˣҾʣٰˡ·һۣȻԼÿЦһֱׯصϾȻЩ̿Ѿкܶûˣõ˼£ҲͷǶ࿴
ʵ·޻굶һ˲ʶʱе𺳣ħܵʱһ̣ΪϣٳǺħߣ·޴ӵ˺һҪй֮ˡ
ϣۣ
λǿ߶Կһڰš
ɣʱ·˵ͬʱһƥǡ
ǿ·סĻڽк·޵ֱ˽š·΢죬Щ˼رǹŮһ̲ͣ˵Ҫ޻Ļ˻ߣûвˡ׻ˣס͵͵£Ѿһ״̬Ȼ
ǿ߰ɣ·ܲաλͬʱһֻǣ̤ؿ֮СȻ·ֻǶңķмˡǶλȴС
·޸λֱԺĺɽ
ͬʼԺӵĪ⡣ЩʼһҲû˵ء
һСɽһʯң£ʯϸһ̦ʯ֮ǰһشľʯһھ޵಻ڡǾǿڲִ֪꣬Ŷ޵Ĺž޻꾮
ߣ⣬ˣһ˾Ժķһλȴǰ׺䡣·ޣλ׼ˣеĵλѾ˼أܷα˱׼ⰲţִ˹˲ٽһڰ⣬һעš
м龭Ĵʯƽ羵˾ʯˣ·վһ⣬ܶû굶λǿħǱ꼶ܵģȻɱ·λ񣬲Ǽ¡
ΪһٵģҲ·޴սеõĸ
λ̬ƵĶ·ޣһϸ·޻Ĳڡһƥ޴Ǿſʱࡣ
ǴԺģʱʵ
عŹ·СĴ
ϣôʹһ䣬˰˶ɫŵĿ
·ҡͷ˵Сôĸֻеõ˼ҵ似ˡ
ŶʱֳʧǾ̫ϧˣΪ˼ָļ̳ء
·޿Цҡͷ˵ԼĹѾͻƳ꼶ɶ֮ĳ˵˵λ۵ĵӲΪ
˼ҵһ似ǴæôҪǿռôʱ꣬·Ͼ쳣һ̼ˣλ֮ʹЩЩ̡
˿ƥ֮صǣܻȼյ˼£Ĳٵˣļ޽£һֱȼգҲҪľˡԴӽԺĴţжԼ⣬Ǳˡߵǿھչޣһλۿٶ֮һȻֻλ̬
·ͻȻҡҡͷ˵һĸڳﶼ𶯵Ļռ䣬ѾҪˡ
𾪣
ĸʱڵȴֳݿϲ
ȷ㲻Ҫˣһﵽ۷Ļ᣿̽ʵȴһȥһΣǲͷıܿˡ
ЩԥΪΪռѾŬһսһ£Ϊߣֻռվģλᡣ·˵Ŀûеļᶨ
λһֱ
İ׺ͻȻ˵·ޣڵĿռ䣬Լô
·޻ͷһ㡣
ҲףȻеռôֲأӦñռųġ
ʱһЦ˵ʵܼ򵥣ĵռҲǺֲġ⻰һλһ˭ԼĵռָأҲ̫ˣѵϣΪ˭
ôǿռ䣿ʱѭĿ·ϡ
Ȩһ˴𣿡·޹
˵˵ɫһ
·˵Ȩ׼ңǾǿռĵߡ
һ仰һ׺侪ϲӡ
Ϊʲôǰ׼ңЩģѾõռˣĸõǵ۷ĿռҲǲСںǲġ
Ϊǰ׼Ұɳĵӡ·˵仰׺Ӳһݹظһͦ仰ð׼õĵλεˡ
Ŷɳĵӣʱ𶯵Ŀλ׼Ҽͷõģ䣬ȥеĵǰˡ
˻ָٴֳž顣
׺ӦһԭطŶȥ
ߣ벻ȥ׼Ӯңˣ˵˵°ɡһߵһλڣɫѾüء
·ޣһ£㡣ʱ˫Ŀֱ
·޽ŵ˼㡣
Ҫǿռ䣬ҲõģΪ£̫ˡʱ˵ʲô£·ûŪ֮ǰǲ״Ӧġʱڿ£һǾ춯زŶԡ
ڳɵۣ
·߶·޶仰һֱϡһλڣλŮҲעĿɫѾ˵λһʼ˵˵ġ
ҲףֻǸʥ۷壬ǵľֹȴҪҡ·ɫҰס
ܼ򵥣·ޣҪڳɵۣǰҲеĻλȴһҲûˣŵõڵĸ򣬲Ѿδһˣҿħаܣٺ٣òϰ꣬޹ŤתǬ󷨵ĸֱ㲻ЩҲҪڳɵۡʱħ֣ϣѾİδˣҲ֪ĸߣһֱһпܳɵ֮ˣһٴﵽͳһĴ¡Ǹ˾㣡


258 Ϣ
·޴ûôʹ䵽ͷϣ׻һʱ
ɽߵĸˣ㶹һᣬô׼Ҽ׺䣬Ѿѡеλ·޴ܹİ۽Ժֱ޻꾮ǰĵʱ˷
ʱתͷ˿ߵֻǣ˵ڰҾ뾮ɣҿҲȼˣһܣҪʱá
ǵͷİˣȻվǰϵܻҵȼ
׺һҧĲܣһֻ۵ĵﴦһһɫ˺һ̧ͷ飬ֻٲɣȻ˹ȥС̫廷УһֱʣܴΧ塣
ʱһ̱ü˵Ƕ԰۵ĸ졣ǻİʹӣ·ԼʱܣͬܣҲΪġ
׺·ߣֱ
ܺãˣܽʦذ׼ôȻһֱѹͷ˼е
·˵Ҳ֪ʦ᲻ͬ⣬Ҫͬͬȥ
ҡҡͷ˵ұؾǸף̫ˣһ弸ʮ˿أҪ˼̫࣬ҲǣطˣǻҪһ㴦ģһҪԼ
·һ㶣ʵʲô£ҪУ
Ǻӵ£Ժ֪ġ
˵·ҲͲˡʱͻȻ˵ھʦһ£Ҫ⡣
ʲô£ռô׺ʵ
ǣǱġ·Ҳ˵ֻǸʮ꣬һ°ǰʱǵһʱҪҳֻһߣһ֪һ⹫
Ҫɵۣҳô·޻˵˳
׺Ծı·һ漴λ¼˾;ǰλԼŮͽܣҲ൱ڰ׼ˣͷƬ̧̣ͷʱһɺ˫뵽пܳɵ۵Ҳһ˰ˣû˭ܱڵʮҲǿģ֮ǰǰѻ굶Ҳܰգ룬˭ʺϡռ䣬ͽ⿪֮ĳӦ޿ռ䱾ǸЩɲĵ׼ġ·ޣ֪ϣǶʱɵ۵ô
·ҡͷ
ʮ꣡ħаܶʮһڡٺ٣˵һڶʮ֮ǰһҲˡ
·޾һ벻ԭϣ۾Ȼǿֵزʮأһɵۣôһΰ׷˼ǰ˷ɣ·޲ɵĳк
ӵ۵ӵ屾Ϣе룬ֻҪõǧŵ飬Ͳ׺˵ûע⵽·ʵһֱϣ۵·ߡ
·ͷû£ѵԼ·һְŵô似ͬϣһְһĵ·ߡȫϢ;ƿȻ֮һɵۣҲĲǼңɼ¡
ֻҴû֮ǰһֱľǵõһռ䣬ȻصŹȥڼߣһ
Ӧˣɵۺ޵ģҲľ磬ѵûҲԶ𣬶Ҿ˵ܹԽյһģǵϣ۾ݴ˵һϻ׺˵
Ҫɵۣ·ڴĿ˵仰һֱȻıͻȻļĿⰲִšһ˵ľģ¹£Ϊֹûġ
һɽ£һʣǷ°۵壬޻꾮ϣϣܻǵʮ⣬ȫƺȼա
׺һʱ䱼ǰֻȫѪҺ͸ˣһȳ֮Żȣһһ֮䣬ʱ伫Ƴ֮ǰȽϣȻѾ̥ǣѾϵһ߶ˡ׺һŵģһʱϲ֪ʱᶯ۵壬ϸϸ۲Լת
·޵Ŀȴ׷ǵ壬ߵյ㣬ҪܽԼɻʽ뵽겻ֹ޻꾮ڡ·޸ͬܣλΰȻ𾴣ͻȻĲִٺͲĵһ˿оֻһʱûץסֻͷһ
ʱǼʮλ֮õޣҲ಻ֻ̣أҵģֻúȻĲܣʱ̣Լһ֮
ɽܲŤһλһλĸ
ܻȻǵһ㣬ʱ˿ݵϣһܲﵽ˰׷ԲƥȫܲڣأһǵХ罾죬𣬰ǧĲɢȥﵽ˿ãȫһʶƵһ죡ȫľȣ
ȻǴﵽʮ׵ľ޴ȻĻһƬ⣬һ㣬ɢ޻꾮ڡ
ʱ˿̣ؼȫϢȻ֮ϢŨûʵʡ
һ⣬ͬ·ĵһȴ·޳ճմĶһУһεһֵĸһ޳·ͻȻԭʧˡ
ŨŨȻ֮ϢǰܲǴ޾ݵԭҰɽ֮ϣηǳĻϴҲ·һƬüÿһĤÿһ鼡ÿһѪϸÿһ񾭵ĲÿһͷԼ۾ɣˬЦȻչʲô似˿װףÿһ壬ÿһξߣÿܵϸ΢ı䣬пɸı䡭
ǵĻܿʧܾʱ˿ںԺλˣȴһľ
ÿ϶ϲޣͬϴȫӴɽҰ֮䣬ǰľȫǺɽģһȻ֮ѾǰΧԺĺԺ˼á
ͷλǿ˫ۣŵĿͬһˡ·ޣ
Īڰ֮УһԵչһϣڻûż似һһ಻ݣһǿϢʵʰİǰһ״ʡ
ͻȻĸ֮Уͻһ谭ʥɻʣ
λ֣һλһλ񣬳·޲ظ֮УֻȻЦ⣬԰Ρ
龰̫ˣһʥɻ֮Ǵﵽ֮Ҳ޷ֿλǿһͬͷ
꣬Դأֻпܵ۴ˡ


259 
ȵ·޴һθѾΪһλһˣվԺУӢģݲ˲̾
ΰ·޾ԼٲǸСˣԺоϲУ·дδйĳ㣬ԼҪʲôˡ
ˣʱˣǰɵ֮·ֻһ֪ڸô졣
ʱڶһۣ˻ϲ˵һѵģҲܰﵽģǾеռ䣬еܣȫԼĵ֮ڣӴ˺һߣΪڽ֮ٲˡ
ˣҲˣֻռҲٵİǣЩѹˡ
ڣ˺С̧ϽͷĿһۣһ۵ȻܰԹȴһϣܰﵽҵģǾǳɵ֮󣬸һһ㡭һЦˣһֱĿռָ
·ЩοʱٿռʱǸĲᣬЩʮͬ˵һҲǲܵģ֪һʮ֪ģֻʶﲻ
ãǾͶڴ˰ڵռɡ
λ࣬һͷλߣʱ˵ЩѶȣЩգ룬λںӦܰ¡Ƕλһ߾䣬λھ˵𣿡
ĸˣһͬͷ
ħѾҪΪһħ֮ǰûµ۲ϣֲϻο֪
֮ڴǰ΢λ˰겻ֹλڣܹ֣ͬ˵Ҫ
ոճɻʵ·ްʱ˵ȫɣȥȫ壬м䣬һǰһλǿڽǰѨ֮ϡһһӨм·ԽԽֱ͸һ㣬ڲ˺ֵӨгֳ
λǿߣˣٴУһվԺУֹʯܣ⣬һֻɶɹҲӦ
ɽԺڣӨԽԽλ·ȻΪһ壬ֲ˴ˡʱ˿̵·ޣУԲͬȫѹռ֮ϣǵ֮ڵܱƵĵ֮ڡ̼СĽλǿ߽ʶ棬ȫʩΪͷ϶ֳе
һҹ
·޷·һֱڻ˯֮УһʱѾ·ѾϣǰʱˣԵĲ࣬ĿԼ·޻ͷͿһλڣһ̱ĺŪڣʱ˿̣ȥֻʮĺݣϣһҹ֮ϵó
λڣʱˣйأûиǲָܹˡ
·޸пˣûǡӹѾͬ˿ռС˺ӰӣСĿռ䵤ӯܴﵽһĴһ̣·ûй˷ܣֻǸеεѹ۹ӵļִš
תõǿռ󣬾һҹĵѾһ֮ΣֻǴʱһĿǸſ۾꣬ĽмηзҲ˵һָࡣһǿ϶ģǾǣλӵϵ۷֮λֻǸʵǰ΢
´һԺڣ׺ֻԼʱʶһΣپȫⲿľʯһ㡣
һֱ磬λǿ߲ۣվ֮·Ҳ·ͬʱλǰйʾл
ڲɫʱ˿ЦòлǰϿ֮·ֻܳɾһǰ;ҲΪԴδħ֮һ
·޵ͷ
֮󣬺ںȻ˵ڣ͸߰ɣȥԺֻճڳɵۡ
ʱһ㶣˵ΪʲôҪȥԺ·һֱԺĵӣ﹦似츽׵Ĳ֪ж٣ѵԺǿԺ𣿡
۾һʱͷ㲻˽һԺҷ˰쾢ѵͿô·ޱҵĺԺڳɵۣ²㲻Ӧ
ʱ˵˵Ӷ·ҵĺԺҲܿҵɣһ࣬ǳɹԽô
Уʲô£ԺģڴŭȻǾʹһܣ㵽ױǿϼ֣
ʱΣ˵Ů˾Ůˣխǻʲô֮ħ·޸ɵ۲Ǵ£
ѵ˵ҺԺСô
·޿λҲ࣬ҲúЦǰȰλǰҪˣ·Ҫ뿪õġ
˻һλֹŭʵҪȥģ
·޿ЦȥģȻֻҪҪȴȥ顭
ʲô飿ʵ
ϣ۵Ϣ֪λԺǲ·޴˻˵꣬Ȼϣλٲˣȴ۹⿴λ׼Ҽ׺䡣
ҡͷ˵еļ·ѾˣҪҵûˣ鲻Щʧ
Ϣʱ˵ͷ˵ԭڵǹɴȻ֮ϣ˼ҵĹ벻ڤڤ֮жֱϣһְ֮·ˣ˵ʲôأ·ޣԸ°ɣʱһЦȻһݣռһ󲨶ѾǰʧȥӰ
ʯˡ
ż˳˺ɽֹأۿ·˵Ǻǣгǧ˵ȵٿһۣһһҹδߣ㻹Ǽһɡ
·޵ͷӦ
׺Ȼ˵ͬȥһͬһذ׼ҰɣҰ׼һһһ·һϣ۵֮·ǺǣⱾСֻһμʽɢʣŵüˣ벻Ȼôǲأ
󾪣̾˵⣬׼ҾȻı·һֱеģϣ۵ĵ֮·
һߵİٿ·ʱѾֻʣĽ


260 ǧ
ںȻֹʵǲһ;飿
׺һ㶣˵ǣ֪֪
ڵȻ˵ܼ򵥣ΪҼĲоһҼǵؽʢõģʱΪʲôرֻһμһͱʼǣһ˵٣һ·У˵ǵϣµģвδԡû뵽ǰ׼Ҳдһ飬ƶʢĵˡ
׺üͷһ壬˼
ȷǾϣģΪмϢһЩǱӵϢҲͲȷ˵ϢļͻƵıǵĹԲŽ϶
ŶǾˣûϣ۵Ķġڵͷ
ٴδӺԺǰľǳһ˳ӿԺǰԺȫˣһҹδߣȻΪٿꡣ
һһɱλ֮ħߣѾǸ׵׳٣ҾȻһѻ굶ħаܣǳûζʱľһ̣˷ܼƽǾķӣԸӵշ
·һ˾һɽХĻ
·Ҳδˣ˵ĻЩ޴룬ȭ񡣴˴߹˽סһѱգˣһ̣·޾££ȴĵ׵𺳡
ҲᶨҪΪԼΪǣΪǧųһ۵ľġȻϣãԶ϶ˣ޷ˣܶҪȥ
˴е׻㣬Ŀλ꣬λһʱԺ·Сӣڰյһ̣ƺ˳ŮҲ
һ󣬼˳˴ԣа׼ǣŸͷԺĴ⣬·ҲͲԺͣͬǸһ·⹫׼ҳȥλȴֱǣһԭʧȥټ
׼⼸һֱڻ֮УôҲ벻۷ǵռ䣬ĵȻĪ˰׼ͷϣȫһμסֵ·ޣҲȻǰɳĵӣǲǰ׼ô
׼⼸Ǵ磬Ͱˮϯֱʮ졣
һ׸·ȴ鷿жȹ⹫ҵʮ졣
ʮһֱڿǱ;μǣȻĿɽˮдõĸ򣬼ϢеĿƵľӹɣԶ϶ϣСļŵ㣬Ҳ˱߹ǸϢĹȣµгȴһԵȣԴ֮ء
ʹ˰׺䣬·޵֪һƬ֪Ŀأ˵ǧ٣ûȥ֪١
ⱾˣҲϣۣǸط˰֮ãйһδĸҲ˵·ޱʮǸԵĻ֮أȥ׷Ѱ۵ĸ֮á
ң·޴ͬһȥԼйȥҪһİ׷Ѱȥϣ۶ʮɵۣ·޴ʱʮ룬Ҳ˵룬ڲҪͻƣһͻʮСףܴﵽ֮
ѴﵽĿܴ꣡۵гõҪϢ࣬ܳڳ
ʱ䣬ʱߣ˽ྭ飬·๤طһ͸ð·ʱոջࡣ
һ죬Щˣ·߳鷿ԺԺһƬ޻԰磬Ȼ̧ͷ·޿һǧ԰УߵǰȥһǧȻЩʱգȴǽʵ鶯ķţָµǧϣо֣𣬾ϸϸһС̾͵Ǿ㣬·ϡϵó壬ֻţǸϣ֮ӣϲˣеػŰ
һλǿŮӺȻ·޵ǰԼò绨衣
·޾þøּƺ˵ߵԭ
û˵ð
ʱ˹·޻ͷȴԼûϵ⹫·ޣһĲɣ
ʦСʱô·ʡ
ǵģ׺䴥飬ŮСʱӡ
֮ô£ʣ۾ȴ˰
׺Ĭãſ˵ȻѾˣҾ˵ԴɽĹ֮һʮڵ˿ڣ׼ʵĲҵȴǸʦߵ£йءǧ֮ϣָŰŮ̹ĺۼ·
ǰ׼һֱĲҵΪأԴɽҵҲһСѡһ꣬ż֣һˣ˭һλү֮ͶͰֵܣ˭뼸Ժһǻ䣬λүȻ˻Ȩ׼˳ɾһޱ䣬һ·Ϊ塣ʱλֵܳ˻̫ӣ˱ͽãʱСĴ֮£Ұĳӣ֮ҵӣҲ͵ʦ֮󣬻̫Ӽλ»Ȩ֮ĶӣΪԱεŰݷãһףĸҵ壬ټϳǴ󱦵ֵһģּ´Żףһʦ֮ʱѾǻʼ֮ˡ
˭뵽ʦһʮ꣬Դɽ·ϲ֪˸ʲôСӵܣ˵ʲôҲϼλ֮ӡ֪ʼϷͬСɣֻðȥ˭뵽Ϊһ֧Ʒ룬ȻŪϹλӡ£Ӱ٣һŭлҵӣҲɳӵף·¼ڸϳٲ̤벽˻ԴɽʦһȥʮˣûĸҲԶٲü˵ĻԼҲΪɣ
׺˵꣬β˵ҵҸŮһͬٴȥҵķ޽ӻأһʵ֡
ʦһģҴȥң·޺Ȼ˵
˵׺һ㶣˵㲻˵ʦ޶ôҵõ
·޵ͷܣֻǹŹһһ£²һ֮ڶʮ֮ǰܳɾͳɵ۴¡
׺ͷ˵˵һ£Ҿ·Բ㡣ѾñħһǰõҪʮܺˣҲ֪㲢ϣ׵£Ҳͻţӣ·ˣʦһ£˵ҵʦǰȥɡ
·˵Ź·ңҼ·괺⹫
߰׺һ˵ʲô彩ֱһš
λǧţԴɽһ꣬һͷڵϣһͷȥ⹫ﰡ


261 ɽ
㡭㾹Ȼɳӵĺɣ¡
·̧ͷԼ¹ˮӢͬ׿̫ơ׺˰Σͷ˵Ͷˣ̫ˣôûע⣬а׼ҵѪƵġ
ǰһѱס·ޣٲ֡
ҵﰡúӣΪʲô˵¡
⹫ߵ£һֱ϶˵̫˵·ҴһֱϣҲˣ⹫㲻õȶõģǸŵ£һȥ˭ɱ˭ʼҲ
úӣúӡ
׺ȻУɳ죬ɳʯۡǿ
䣬ֱ׵쳹׼ҴԺ
Ƭ̣Ϊ˴µİ׼һͬںڣһɫţܲ
ʲôˣ𣿡ɳ䣬ѾǶʮǰˣҵҲ¼ˣٲĲ
ǰ龰ʵЩ졣
ѻ׵İ׺䣬ﾹȻϸϵĹͣϻп޹ۡ
ʲôˣүүʯɲʡ
£׺ڷ·ޣһһţ˵Ǻúÿǰ׿˰
ɳЦôˣȻǰ׼ˣСõĵ𣡡
ǵģ˵·˵꣬׺Ȼ£һ˶ʧɫǴûй£ѣҲûǰġ
·ߵɳǰ¿ͷ˸ɳҵ衭
ѻȸеĿⶼ·ϣƣɣȣй󣬼ˣϣ̫׼ҵӡѼҸ񰡣
ҹĵڶ壬׼Һһҹֱϵţһҹδ˯·޽Ź·ҵ˵˵ƶŽӻذ׼ҹ̵Ĵ£ǵ̣һճ̡еԽŪԽ˶ȥӣ·޸ж֮࣬ҲͻȻ˵Ҫһ
ҺȻкá
һֱİ׺ȴʱ˵ӣˡ
˴󾪣뿴·޳̾⹫ģͷ˵ǵģ⹫һģ赣ҡ
׺ͷ˲⣬ΪʲôߣСһۣʯλС֣ܵϷſ
дҪǲͬġ׺ֻ˵һ䣬СǾײˡ
糿ڣ·һһ˰׼ҵĺţָͳ⹫һ񣬲ȥ
վǰþֱʲôҲˣǲϻȥ
ǰ·ն治֪жټյλӰ׼߳ꡣ
·û÷УһΪԼڷмչʱ̫ޣһȴǵ;˾һ·¡Щ⹫Ӳ鱦·;ңԶ鱦СֵߣʺϡǺȴֿȥ˵֮·ɽأĸ࣬ҲζŸļơЩλ뵽ˣϽǾϵ
·һ磬ϻ飬ʾλѧʵ޸֮š
ǲԶ·޾͸һһǵ̷飬Щÿ춼Уõĸָ似ܾʯ׵ҩ࣬ȥ
õķ٣̶ܴ벻Щ̰ڵ̷ǣǴǴͬСרűǵӶ۸ٽҲ̷һӼˣһӶԼԼҲҵƷòǣҲЩʦһĸ֣żλʥȺ˵ͷĿ˹άĶ
·ҵӶͷĿһλ˳ƸҴ˵ʥ׸֣ʮҲˣһ˪
ôҴ˿һۣٲһĵλе֡
ǰûǮ·һЦ
һȥģҴʡ
˵иԴĵطȥǡ·˵
⻰һ˲濴һ󣬺Ȼ˵ûɣ
·ҡͷЩĪ
ԴԴΪʲôԴ֮𣿡ĵʡ·ϼįҲûʲô£ȥЩʱ䡣
ǺǣС⣿·޹֣ʮ˵
Ϊֵһζڣ˵ǸطѾˣˣûˣ˼ɵƲأ˺ͬĿһۡ
԰˵нɽҾȥЩӻա·װǻ˵
ʥ׵ĸҴ˲ϵģ˰·ˣû˵Ǹطʲôƨӣлֵȥ𣬴㱻ƭˡϽؼҰɡ
·ҡͷ£Сһ˵ĺá֪Ҫնöȣ
ߣɵ̶ֳȣһɣȥģ
·˰ۣڸ˼ʮӣ̷֮С


262 ȿ
һ·С
ԴɽһƬƽԭش
˼죬Ѿȥ룬ҴҲͬӣȥһСȣһһλ޵Ĵ£ȥ
·ʮһ;ǵ칦
ꡣ޷ҹ
·Ϊ񼼣ϻʮ죬ҹҲǳжȹʮ˽ݣȴá
ʵһʶΪһĶãߣܳҪǿʶ֧šļ죬·ֻҪһ֮УϾʹֱֱ䣬ǵȻЦ
Ҳס˵
Ͽ˯ãĴүѡ
·Ҳֱͣŵķ˼Ĺؼ㣬һᣬһγԣ̵һ¡һͨЦ
ˤͷ·˵˿˺治ˬ¶ˣ·ˤøӶ࣬Ӳȴûٹעˡ࿴һۡ;ۣǸήң˯
ˤʮͻȻһΣ֮УŤŤδ֮ʱһ֣ʶȻֳһϢֹס塣ȻͻȻֹȴûˤȥѾǸͻˡٹգҵʶƽ㣬ܳУһϢʶʹȫͶˤ
ԴӳԴɽ̶֧ӾͲ뿪˼롣·ҲЩ£·ƽ˵ģ·ļɴй̶ķǮһЩ٣ҲоաС˳ӵӶ·û䣬Ⱥˡ
УһһһСɽ޶̶ͷ˵׼·Ǯɣǰһ죬Ȼֻж٣ȴһλʥͷˣҲҪ
˴ӦٳǰȻɽеһȿڡһȡ
ȻǰߵȻֹȻһæȥһ֮£Ҳԭزˡ˺𣬷׷ӿϡ
·վڹȿʱǰľ󾪴ˡ
ٷԲһĹȵϣʬء˵ѪģѪŨȻǸոշġһƥƥûУȫˡѪɺӣѾһ
Ⱥʬ֮УȻһͷȫƻĻţ޴ǧأ壬ǿ״ִÿһаɫ·ȷ
ţվ׹⣬һӺ˳
˱һȻͷţԣȻվһ
Ǹֻʮꡣֻһҡңһɫ򵥵һһԴ֡ڵüëһ˫۾·޻û۵Сӣ촽ȴСɣ䣬ϸݣһɫװһ˫Ƥѥӡ
һŸƤڹʬѰѾ߹壬Ȼջķᡣ
Ũüһ˫Ŀ磬ֱˣ۾ս⣬Ȼһ£˴ʥܣռһһɫգͷ֮ȿһƬڷ֮¡
Ȼλħߣ·޳һ
˹Ǳؾ֮ۼɱ˼ˣȻо£ȴû˻ȥĿλϣλап࣬ԷȻɱһλʥļˣԼʲô취
ʱǸȻеһ·ôôһսСүǲƨ·ǮģԽȻʮֺ
޻ع˵ǹ·̶ӣСӢ۷ǹȥɣǲҿҶģᵽ˵̶ֻƽСӢҪٷǮǿġ
λȻһ㶣˵ǲɽһôǵã·û飬һͬߺòã
һСħͷȻ˺˵ĸҲӦӦСһСͨɽȡһţ޻ţ֮ϣɿţϵİѰ
λļ룬ԽλҲ磬ͬ䣬ֵλͱͱֻǺ棬û˼һ죬ͬϤˣɽ֮£ЦܳţҲûӣǷҪҵţֻóˣһʱղס֣СĽȫɱˣȻ˶ѾɱˣϵĶҲҪûģҾְʰ·ϵ̷ѡ˵꿪ĵĺǺǴЦ
˾ԱɫλɱëԶá
·޼ȺıܿǻţȻ˹˫棬·޴ƣ·ǿЦá
Ŀռָһλ˺Ļ壬޶޻ϢУѾ
겻޴ţСˣ벻Ҵɱˣ
ţöԣȻ֪С˵ֶΣֹסίίİ
һ˫·ֱӹһЦ˵ףλСܵأȤ㵽ȥ
·޵һʱסԼʶħ߶˫ޣԷʶǺǿģ⣬ڿе֦
СȡЦˣ·޹̬곤㣬üţ뿴ɽ˷֮ģʹﶬļ仯㼣֮ʥأѰһʺСֵ֮
һƪģλһңң㻹漦Ǹ̥Ҳҳţǰ
·ҡͷԴӱλɵ֮󣬾͸˵ǣ⡣
Ⱥֻ·ͬ£λѾ·޵ᾢ˽ʵʵһǴ߲Ͼʹ˷֡
ҽСɣʮˣأ֣λʵ̬ûа˵ӡ
·޵ͷ˵ü֣ңʮ·
Сһ죺Ͳܺú˵òСֵܣһҾͶ㲻ֳ֮ɫ
·һη̬֮ٲԡ
Сٰ߰㶺Ū·ֻһζıܶ𣬽ϵ鼮һĳһӣڰɴһ㡣·޸һľǿ̬СʮһӣҲʧȥȤܵһλȥˡ
λħߵļ룬·ֹֻסһĸ·ĸطͣһ·ȥλСɾȻһ·κ·ĵطҲͣͬ·޽Ͼһ
·Ρ
ʮȥԽԽ٣ԽԽһ쾹Ȼ̤ɳ֮ϡ
һ·ڣµ˸ȥֻʣˣһһ·ޣһλ겻ɢСɡ
˻ͬ·һ̤ͬȥģѾ˼С·
˶һۣúЦСʵǰ߿û·ˣ㻹ȥİ
·һЦ˵ɽɽǲͷģȻҪ߰ɣֱ쾡ͷˣ
СɹЦ˵ããֻµߣҲˡ


263 ԭ
Сܻ޷·޴ʱһˣڡοǸħߡ
̫ˣһµӡ·û޹ɱ˵Ⱥãֻ뼤ŭ˵
ηκҪЮ֮СһۣУһȻ̬֮
СɹЦ¾ûб·޸ɵƵˡԼһֻ֪ľǿ
һǰһһ죬ͣϢʱǰѾһƬĮǿľҲԽԽ˼·Щܵطʲô
мóϵĸԹ˳СʳɳԣһԸӣдŭĲһڱʮ׵ĸ߿ա
·޺һۣһϷŰĿԼһתٲ
ʱ˿̣·ʶѾſȴⷢСɾȻûҪֵɱ⡣֣ȻĽегԵˣ
·ȴϱɫվ
ĿȻͷҰԶԶı·޵ҲתһṦ򣬾ɼʮСɼͷȻ
Ұţ
ȻҰţ߻ųɰٳǧĻ
Сŵþ㵡ţȫǰϲˡ
ǼǧţɱڿһΡ
ǧͷĻԭǸȺʳߣ
ˣߣҪɱˡ
ٿػ絶СһʱѪעһɭֲѪֶˡףʥܵ
·ǣûɵĿš
䡭
ԭ֮ǣߴףҲң˫۷͵ĺâѪԣѾֻʣǿҵĿһֽ״̬һпʳĶǣҪƴһԵġ׷ȺѾжʮ죬мżֵõļֻȺ޸ӵıײС
ǲη
ǧֱֻײƤŹͷֻʣһգжѪ⡣
䡭ѪҳһףħײһӡʮֻǱҷɳȥֻڰռѾȥµľȻһ
ء
׶Хһ
ȺǺһΧˮ糱
濸ᣡ
СѪ衣
ȥʬٵʧȺǿУõ֪Ⱥ˷ܣСɡѪμѪܲ͸ĿӣͬϷѪɫââָʬࡣ
˽һʱͬԵð뱥ȺȴţȺ׷ȥˡ
СɵһЦһֻ˵ðһˣеɣϿˣۼǳԵõġ
һֱߵ·ҡͷ˵Ҳɱ
СɿˣֲǺУ˵Ҷɱˣֻ㿾һ£㲻Ҫ󶼰첻ɣˡ
·޻ǲб۾
У֣СˣûˣҪһˣҷɱ㲻ɣϧҵ㣬ȻʣԼ̫û˼ˡ
ֻԼ֣´⣬Ѱ֦һѴ
ֻæ˰ʱڻֳ᲻ζСóһҧ޵ڵϣĳˣˡ
·
һ·ȥڻԭֱҹụ̂СɲʱͣһСӡ·һ֪Ǳ;Ҫ黹࣡
ط̤ʵˣ߾Ͳ·ֻ벻͸µⱾӣΪʲôôұ¹֪ľˣû׼еĵ屾ڡ
ˮȾˣԭȴˮѰ·޲òڰҹʱ֣͵͵йȡؼ¶ˮʣʢģʪأйʱҲ㹻ˡ
һ磬СɺȻһֻˮ˵ȵɣ㻹ͦû㡣Ȼܹȡؼ¶ˮ뵽·޲һˮˣȥʹͽʣµһˮһֱϣǵˮúúõһ˭֪·ĹˣȻһ죬ǿó档ﵹҲ
·޽ӹһڣȻߵƥǰһ죬ȻޱһˮιȸˡСɾͲܸԼŵ㣬ۿŲ֪ܲߵóȥ컹ǿ㣡
·ƲƲ죬˵һ䣺Ը⡣
Сһȭ˹·һ㣬ܱģû㿪ϣֻһ죬ƺˡ·޴һ赹
Сһֵתߣڵϵ·˵ˣҪһǰ߿
ûͷת꣬λȴֱ˻ӵ𣬷ŵ֮ϣһǣһţһٴ·


264 
·ɴϽ֮Уû뵽ãԺļżαڶΣܰĵˡ
СɶҲ⡣
һ쵱ٴδ;ֿ˵Ӧõˡ
ţߣһʱ󣬽һƬޣççԲԵ̺߼ʣĳڶǰȻ·ʶġ
ܿͿ˼ңǰһȻͨ⻧ũҸЩԵĺȵġСɵû֮ˣһأг棬˵ˣҶҷԵ㶫ǰ·ȴһƫ
СɸǳԾ˻صڣһٳԺȡ
·ǶϷ򸾣壬ظطʲô֣
ͷ˵ǴＸʮ겻ǰˡ
·˵ԴɽֻĴ߿û뵽·ˣߵҲ֪ôܻȥ
ͷЦǧĮа취ˣȥģֻҪ񼴿ɣǵκεطȥ
Сʵʲôô
ͷһ㶣ʲôǸʲôûУֻ񡣻ǧˣҵ񡭡һ羴ֻݻƵֽǰأ۾ȷе˵һ
·޳һڣһ뵽ġǧ겻ڣҲֻλˡϣôϣѾһλĴڣϣܵһΡ
ʲôط·ʵ
ŶǿԶˣ񶼣ߵ񶼰ڵĵطλһͬȥСɫ
ɣ񣿡˵
ӣ飬⵽ĳͷġһĻ˵ģϿţҲõ˺ѡ
ͽıڣ˵ܲұԹ쿴ţĹǡ
ôãҪǻؼҵģ˼ң͸ˡ·˵ʱһϣ˵Ըǡ
ѧһ䡣λһļôǮƲͻȻڵϿͷ
·Ҳǵı⣬ɱ
߳ԶС˵ǻڿء
·޵ʶȻӦõͷһѹͲῴ˼ҵӡ֡
·޸ӵ뿴λߣ᲻һֱ׷ģϣۡ
С͵ۿ죬Ȼ˵ܴһ־ʮӡ˻˺¡ĵ̫ҪԴģ
һһɱˣȻ˵⻰·
һ·Уţܳһ·ߵĲࡣѾֻʣͷˣţá
һһҿջϢסʱ·޾ҪϷҹţ벻СܵǰһУССүϷ
·޵⡣
һҹ޻һ죬һ·һסһҴջһһ·ȴҪһŵ
ջסˣҴߡ½ѵģ̸Ļżм˺ų嵽ϣһԾ··ҲǼ߲֣ǹһЦΧһˡ
Сڴ߿Ծǲм·޷䣬˵һῴͬǾһȥģǣһǸˣ
·̧ͷ۾ʼСɰĵ֮ɫ޸֮ɫ˹Ŀ࿴йɾ̲еĳֵ죬ǰҲƽ֮˰ˡʱСɾͱܿ۾ȻŪһ֮ͱһ۵ĸŪûˣ֮
ȥ·ֵͷ飬һǮӴ̯ģ֮λƺ֮ӣ˵УһЩ˵ʲôһ߹ͷ彡Ӵ޲֣ʲôħϮʮƣ£ȺйȺްݵʲô콵֮ʣˣ¾أȵȡ
·ԽԽȷλһλڡֻܴﵽƿĵزܴﵽ似ĵز
żһභȷ似ƽƽͼһλʦƺͺ˵õӣú޺ơ
ܲڵĵطȻĲԻСɳȥǡһλСʥһ֣ķʮСʥԼҲ޴˴ɾͣһŰ
ԼסԼֻһˡʵߵ˼ֻǿԼĮǲ̫ˡ
·ţС淴ĴҪӴ¡
·޿һۣ˵ҾͲˡ
һЩĪĻȴܹãСŭֹסŲ
ţطиڣܻųȥ͵ˣ˵û㣬˵粻ҿɾͲˣܱ˻ˣҴǳˡ
·޲̧ͷ˵㡣
СתطȻ·ڴ춯صһ죬СһĽУүүҰɡ
µĻֻʡԣѾɵ¥ˡ


265 ħ
ڶһ··޼λǣţСû˸ǣ·ԼλεСӲЦʮСɣ·޾
㣬ͱԼˣȻŻʲôأ
СɸһǮСм
֪һ·޻ĸࡣ
һ··ߵľɫѾ罭ϰĺ·ϸ߼һͬǵ̸ƺμʲôᡣѡӣ
ʲôᣬʲôһ࣬·޺֮ǣˣʲôĻҲ£СѾɷͬ·˴̸֮£˸߲ҵͬĺӡ·޾һǵŰ
ǰؽðСǮͿ·һۣϵõǮ࣬·ֻˡ
ʲôãҪҳΪӣǲһĺ£Ϊ𾴵ˣΪʹ񸣵Ĵߣѧ߽似߼ʱһԱ㣬ҲÿͿģ磬Ϊһߣ󵽵һУ񶼻㣬ڻβһ䡣
Ҳʱ񣬼һȵõİʾ
Сڵ֪λ߶Щͽ似ͼʦͣЦ¸¡һļòˡ
·ޱӶ
һƬ籦Ĵ·ǰʱ·ͷ𣬸ֶܵΰ㡣ֻҪ⣬һθԶˣ֮ÿһ׵ǶȻĸϣܵͬ
û뵽һµļУ·޵Ѿһǰ
纣ͬºеһƴںְݡ˻ЩƷϣף档
ԶԶһ࣬·޿һƬɽжεһƬΰηĽȺ䲻ֹϦҫʥĹâ
ģСָʡ
ָģַһ۲õĵط
Сˣ׵̡
ģ˭ôţƣǱⳡǷȥˣ
·޺һۣܲǸоõġ
ʱһֱײǷ׷ױá
ʮ¼ҫĿһаߣǻ£Ǳ˸Ƿͬ죬׺ݣɱ졣߸һʳıɫҲнףʮ׿⣬СɴţΡλ򣬸λһģÿλٽ⣬׸ߵ׳ΰӣȴʮס
ʲôôţСɾʡ
Сһͬվ·ߵʹͷ˵ǺӺɵмݣ˵ѷȥġ
·޳һ
ʱʳѾ¡¡нںȻƸ󣺡ŹҰɣ£Ѿˡ
ͣߵĶ
·һ㶣ʶ󿪣ȻڣһֵͷСӣҲͶʮӣһֻ֣ŵһλʮŮŮˮѾʪǰ󡣶СһλŮȫ࣬һ·ȥһ㡣
һ˲䣬¡¡ʮײм侹Ȼλ֮ˡһһСϵĶһۣѾһϢٵĳûͷԣ۾졣üӻﺬһ಼
Сǿ翴˳һУһȻܲһڶ𣬽һѣһѪܷѣѪעһѳ׵ѪѾϡ
ģվס
䡭
һѪɫҳ׵ĹⲨħǵذʿǣߵļһأؼһλʥǰһֽá濪˼ɡվСߵˣͻȻܲƳԶǱķվ
·˳ۿš£СɲҲҪֵġ
벻˴ϣĿŵĶУϹģ
СħȻһӵʮλֻʣվڱ߰µˡ
ʳֹס˲ӡٶߣʮλǰʿΧϡ
һ˷ͬʱеһѵؽ׺ɫܵСɵѪһΪԼ˵ؼͺ˲ߴһ屻һȥʮĵϣһƬ
䡭
۵һѪ죡
䡭
Сɾͣħһκռ䡣ƵĲʳ㸲ƥһţǵһһ飬ɳλװֵ꣬־Ȼ˵áһѪӿһؼֶܵˣͷϺڷһ𣬾ȻһɫߡмĿģ˪վû̶֣һ·޵ͷͷԵСӡ
ܲħڰ䣬һ֧ܶСǰһٽӣܶ飬ڰײǾ춯صĴ졣лħޣħޣڻħޣƷǼľ޴սϵ̫Ҳʮ֧С죬ܱܲͬһͬҵСһЦ֧һͣ
·һеߣСڣһɫħߣ
ˣϣ߹ĵطȻһƬħ磡


266 
ʲôˣֵĺվڰߺ΢üͷʵ
ǹȻһҲ߲ˡСüͷѪһᡣ
ȥ˶࣬Ҳ䡣ϲɫ
ģһȥǵʮһ𵲣㲻ƤЩ̫𣡡
ٺ٣ƤҪôܰѪҪ岻ϵħ֧֣ҲѪࡣʼգɶûֳܵ·޸ܵõȺֻһֵĻһλĿǵļһ
ҲС֮£ֻһʱûְˡ
СӣСɼλŮ˴󳵣һһλȥλȫ㣬ļеӡ
˽ĿͶ¹ڲϡ
СӺٺһЦһǰȻܲȻһλʥȻֻǳ׵ģ룬ʹڲʤƵСɣЩ鷳
СɹЦѪǣȻ塣
㲻ỹΪԼܵʲôӢ۰ɣһº͵Ц˵
·ƽ˲ȣɣСѪ쭶һ֮ǣȫѪµѪɫܲ
ʮλʦͬʱ֣СɵǰһƬ顣
ȻһڼʮܶϣСһһʧȻλһֱЦŵĺɣȴѾָˣϸϸһѪѪбٿһ֧ѪڵؼҲﵽΪСâԳѵܾȡ
·޳һСˣ֧ҲСɵĶ֣Ⱥлм䣬֧ȡ
Сɺγǿһϱɫһһߵ·ޣʾ
·ȴȻδһ㣬ֱֱĿλСӡ
һЦһףʦͬǰħڰսԷĺѹƮҡ
СЦˣԶΪʤǶǹģ
˻ΧµʮؼʿҲΧƽ
һߵ·޺ȻЦˣЦϣϸ౾
ЦһȻĿռһ˶ܵռ̱仯ȴλѾѪĺɡ˫޵ħߣͻȻܲĿռʶȴһӡ
һѵ
ɭȻһѵιⰻȻкߣǿλõĹߣȻʶ޾ݵɱ⣬ʶѹˣ
ɫ³ɽҲ벽
·ȻҵЦţռһлָ糣ÿﶼһ£Ⱥһλ֪߳Ƕٵĸ档
СĿѰңҲңҲУ˭￴ó
ˡɻһڣͬﶼһ˻ƣǰһˡߡ
˵һ䣬ͷҲصһƥǰһܵԶˣȻͬ
µϰˣĻȣ׷ȥ·ֻĻ뼸ʮʬ塣
Ҳʡһ㣬׷ɢȥֻܵˣ˵ùץˡλŵþȵŮӣСɾϹһλ׳һһյԶˣ仰Ҳû£ŪСɺһ
·һѰԮֵСɣԶԶȥ
СɱҪ񱼵ģ·һһԼҲܵ˷ݣֻĲǰС
񶼡һӵмʮ˵ʥǣı󣬾ĿеɽɽϵͽԶǰʥĵطҲʥ
񶼣ɫѾˣ·޵˽һջͶޣҪڵϷ
һ·ģ·޲ÿСɣҲ֪Ҳ쳣Դӽǣһֱջ֮СǶ㲻ģ˴ζŶβ
·һ䣬֮Уٴ鷳˵أǾٵġ
СɵȻ˯ţȻܵ·޵⣬۹С˵һˣ㲻Ҫ۽Σ޹أҪûڣ͵·ɣǵԵҲ;ˣָҲ壬ʵ²ѰЩҲ֣ԼȥģƫЩ޳֮ͽ̫ƽඡ˵һᣬûлȻˡ
·޻вԸ˳
ҹϡСԺУһµȵҪ֮ˡ
ҪվһӰҶƮԺġֻһˣǳСɵ⡣
һۿ̨ϿСɣСϸװµˣˣЩˣźã
վİܲ˳һԺһλߣɫӨʹԺůɫ
һܣǰ֮˾Ŀ꣬Щ棬ʵ֪һ𣿡
䶯ȻλֻʮСһ£͵ĳ뽭ߣΪһҹбرĶϸϸݵģ߽С磬ûôãɬѿ泯죬ûŪڲϣһ˾춯ص£ȥȴṦΰȻһϡ
ԤϵСɣ̲סЦ˵ڵȵĲɣ
ǸСͭᣬ䣺ʲôôһλպյСӡ
һ˵̾ȷ˵Сɷû뵽ľȻλСķ裬ԲϣѾĴüλҲһƢ
ǰһ£ǴǸպյôҲ֪
䡭
û䣬ԷܲѾһֻ񣬺ڲɫ󣬵粻СȽҲСɵѷɫ
ţ㲻֪нСнãûб˴ã͵ڴ˱СҪôԶһ½м̣Ȼֻܺųȥˣ
Դһ죬һЩֻҪվԺûͷЩѾϢĴӺˡ
ӣôţûԴҩɣ
̴Ӳҩ
СƨһȰ㻹ǿؼҰɣȻ㣬ҲЦ۸ŮӣСȷʵʧȥսԸӲмŮ֣οԷû
ҿ೤˶˲ˣŮӣн̣һһ顣ŮŭˣӣرǸëͷСӡ
㣡СѪԣһ㣡ܵһѪ⽫ʮСԺڵ¡
˵һ飡
䣬ܲ䣬һ֣СŮͨ졣
ˣˣҿûŮӣҽһ㡭
Ļû˵꣬һⲨѾ


267 ս
ΪħߵĺռС㣬ûжѪ˫һ̧һȦ˫ּŷȻ
СݵؿˣⲨ磬СǹħܣԺžžеı졣һУСֻΪһֻպӡ
СѪӣԻԻһ磬ԴΪһλʥ󣬾ûùǼ˵õţͬһ޷λʦֺˣ˭뵽ɵĵʥĵزͬййء
䡭
ⲨѪϣȻĴԺչȻڶѾ֣
˺һСΪһϷաֻǸСﰡأȻܴǣһ£ܲɭȻãޣǸ߼߽似ɭɭյľصĳ񡣹ȴӵѿӭԺеĶײһ
չײСȴǰĻŹͼȻħӡһڣǰγһǣһһһ׷һһɭɭ似ײȥ
ϣԺɳʯɣʮջҡϢ᧿ΣСĸ¶ͷֻ治סİ
סĸλˣߣûߵĴٴۿ
·¥ϵһȻ֪ңֻʶһ
˴֣·ȴһȤ£һܣʥףһż͵ĸеĸֳ֡ߵֻп˭似ߣעһ̡
¡¡
濪Ѳ궼µܲʮ⣬Ӱ裬һײԷ
ⲨŮֱۼ𻮶γһԽ
Сŭϼ䣬ͱһԶıӵĻȣѪѪɫǰγԷ
似˵ؼ

䵽ϣ˾·ҡ
С˷ܴЦеҪˡ
ֱ̧ۣ·죬¶ۣһָڱ䴦һ̣۵һһɫҺڰһ֧ӨĳȻǾӨ͸İ֮ɫѪħмٵһ֣ɫһֵؼϵܱĻû߹Сܱࡣ
һһ䡣һֱõСɣҲûеݵɱ֮ʱȳ֣Ϊֱһá
ûɹӰʹ¹µԺÿһ߶һӰ
ˡ
һѾסСɵȫ
ƹ̵ıѪħɣһнй֮衭
СɸӦܵѹͷϵĺȻֲסĿģȴһѪǰеɣҵĵ
һ𣬰еħȻһ̰ʧڵСǹڵˣͬѪ֮ڣ˵һռСеѪǰڹ֮£޾Ȼһλˡ
һʮ⣬˸ԺˣϢĿŶԷ
СɵѪѾΪıʯɫΪؼ񵶣Ѫ
ѵؼԣõڵ˾Ĵ˫ۣѵһļսڴʦǸּį˵λʥĽ֣ѾΪһ׳١
СӣˣռСЦ
ޣҪҿɿ㣬㻹ûأС֮Աǡ
СӣɫɾĿأȰڳ˵СΪŭҪѪһǸ°˳еĹҲһͬ˻£
СǰԺ㽻ײһ¡¡ȥ֮˵һ֡
ؼײͬСɡ
һײ֮£ͬʱˣٿٴԷȻĵڶײԺ
ѪĽ˷СɲòóҲϰһԼҪСһЩŮολ㣬ģҲܴӵ°
ص̧·Ȼ˹£⼸±仯أö߽ʮ׵Ŀռ䡣ǰѾ磬һƿص硣Ѫķǰһķ壬һƳǼУһƬɫ
ȻѾǵؼ似ǰռСƮ
ħһûеļܣǾħþƾյıΪΣŮһʵĻӶֻѪħϴͬЦ˹ȥ
¥Ϸ·޺Ȼſ۾ǿʶ֣СﾹȻʵڵģô£ӦβŶԣӦǻûΣȴǣͬһʵͬѱѪħҲһĴֻ̳ͬܲǲСһЩѣӣǴ󳬹һ֮
¡
ײȻһһԺĵһֳһӡһף
Сɱײ÷ֱɳʮײֹס壬ڵϡȻֱţһžǿȴ׵ˡ
ѽȻЦħþĵؼ߽似ѧûᣬȻ֮һСˡ
ߣ֪㻹бأҪҪһһԣǺþûҵˣ㣬ˣúúɣռС֮˵
ΰɣҾҪƨɵǸˣйһɫСɻӵϡȻǵؼĹɱѾѪͫʣʵǶ𰡣
·޿Цһ£൱似൱ܺѴ򰡡
һֱŸղŵħþһֱŪôģٿǾһ˲䡣
Ǹ似ƺܣСڿһս󣬾Ͳã֮ĴҲûԸ
¡¡ĵܵײԺһٶ꣬һɧĹֻһľ죬似׵ùڴľ
ʱ˵Ҳϡ
·޳УٲˣԺײȥֹͣˡ
磬·޴˳ʱ»ˣԳԺ·ʱλ˯ĵԱǲ룬³£һֱ
ųԺǰľɫ˯Щ죬ľûˡ
ӿݵԺͬѷ洦ɼＸ׵¡
벻ǣǶλȻڽ֮ϣ죬ϵļƽš
ޣõһиƨãһһûֱɨʮ⣬ѪСɼ䲻м˵
ƨһĻγɵһתתģһתжãһйˣֱȴ㵲µģҵתùˣռСŵĵطԶֻװˣܷžֻܿսˡ
·޼һ·𲻿ϽڣͷëһţǱ˵Ҳսѹ£һֱս


268 
ԣ·޷ſʶ̾סˡ˵üأľСһǣ֣ʱ˿̣˶ദѾѣһκã¶Ŀ޾һ븶֮
·һ֣СһռСǰһ̽һһ󲽻ط
ιҪʲôҪɱˣռСе
·޲һͷȴС۾͹𣬶ڶһ£ǲǷˣô˴ǸߵĻԼǿǷֵõģദһ࣬Ȼûλǽɾеˣ
СӦòԶԼİ߰ɡ
·ŽϵĺռСһϴԾӵСɣֱԼסǷڵϣһϥã졣ʱٲðСﲻٵĿˮȫ޹ǣѾ˵̫ˣֻ˰ڲ
˲Űõõ·޲ڶǰĿŶˣȻѾŪþ겻Ķǰ۾
Ȼڿռ΢ʵʰˮչΧסˣһƬ޾ݵĲɢͷɽڣ羲ϵ죬ȫܵһɼܹЯǿ֪ٵܲ£һ£ǰԭλ޷󼰵ļį֡
һɣ·޵ֻ޳ÿѾǵظ֮䡣
Ϣһޡ
·һϢסһλอһֻҽ֣Ѿ쵽һλڣڶѴʼ
̶ȻѾоˣͬʱʩˣȴǴûй£ܸͬ߹ƽʱһȫʩΪ£Ҳеǳ˵ùأһʩҽ죬ЩΪ˱ס˵ΪҲֻսһԼˡ
ʱߣΪǿмĳ֡Ǻγ֪ѵ;ƣ֮ǰѾˣͻȻָߣҷѣѾܸоҽȫϣĶҽΡ
˰ʱйѾ˹ؼʱ̣ջͻȻһϰߣһʿջһȮ
·΢üͷ֪ǺˣСһҹδأǰѰˡҵҲֻһ£нй¼õģһңӽչ
λҲУ̧ͷſȥ
һᣬȻ˴ţ˴ʱ޷ڣùһ󣬸е죬ڴ˴֮ǿʼŵײ
ССסߵһײķŴ󿪣һ˳˽ȵļλʦһŰֵǰλɡ˱ǰ龰һ
ɽеСãôҪ
һţںصѹѾһܴţٴС
·޶糣λռС̧ˣѪۣ֮ɫ֮ڣﻹ֮ܵȵҼСã
ȻĲʥܣҪǰʮʦѾȷѣΧ֮·Χȥ
·޵˵ΪˣǻǳȥɣʱһܲڽеҽκȻһ𣬺ռСиУ۵һһѪ
СáɴʧɫﻹܵȴȻһǰҪᡣʱ˿̶֣ͬʱɱˣ·ް;סֻ֣ö˸ӵϼˣɲ˵ҽΣ̨ͬϸ˺ȴҪֲһ㡣
·ͻȻһһջһ籡Ȼʵʰܻѹڵļʮλߡ
䡭
һ֮䱡ǽںȻȥʮλʦͻȻܲȥ
䷿伸ȫˣ·ȻڶǰһҲûжֻҽȻ£Ҳûܵš
С۾ģͬһ·ޣϺˮ乶£ģС̫̬ˣʰһλĴʣᳬʮĴʣܿĻʼھ۾ǰһٶİһСѧܼԺȡһֱ߳Įһ뱣֮ǰһΣжܸߺռˣһԼѾеΣˡԼʱûҵ˭ڲŻȻףλ
һλҽʦλǿߣ
ܲƳԶĺɣһλǿסˡҪֵĻ˶߲õģԼ
㶹˵ͷлתɱȥ
·нп࣬òϰʱ־ͻԼܲڰʱ֮ƣǸδ֪


269 
ûһӣˣһһͷ޳ڿջԺʱСԺˡ
ջ˷ɲǰ˵ع£ˣС϶ͷˡ
һ֣һܹȥ
ʮ꣬ߵǿģеĿȥʮ꣬ʵҲٳȥˡ
һɫûйΣһƽ͵ݣȻмȡ
߷׷ΧϣеȻȫǹ֮һʱԺﾹ¼ʮˡӿİʮˣһ΢壬Գλʮ羴֮顣
ĳƺöˣ˵ҲΪ⣬˻֣;ٲ¥һٲҶƮ϶¥Ļȡ
һ̧㣬˾Ѿ·޵⣬˶࣬Ҳò˭һ֪µľǴ˴
һǰ˺ˣһƬվ·޲ԶĺɣһѾٵú䤱ʱ˵еʦǸˡ
ò˵Ѿܵǹ޵ܲһĿ·ޡ
·޴һԺģͿӦλʼĸ֣˵Ҫ߹Լ࣬һѾڽһӵĶԶ˵İһӦñ֮ǰˡϢѾע벻ĺô
·޼ӽйɲΪԼͬһս֮£ܴһ
Ϣأѹʦ̧ͷ˵Զĵط
ʦСϣɼ
ȴһ֣˵˳ȥԺȥȣԼλơ
һݽԾɸŴ۾
˵
ţΪСˣڴŲãȥһٴʮ֮ڣͱᷭ飬仰Ҳ˵ڶ飡
Ļһ䣬ȻߣǼأһʱߺӿԺģԶԶվԺŴ֮ˡ
Ҳߡͽ˵֪ʦλɱ֮ˣĸΥҪȥȻ뵽һ£С˵пѾ֪ҸҪˣ֪
ţǣ˭߽ʮڣҲʲôˣ˵Ļ㣡үҲȣ
˵꣬ߵſڴڲбϣĿ
ɻæ˳ȥ
ջֻĸˣһ仰һ˵лĿ˵ңͶܵ棬ҲҶഭһڡ
·޲û˾ѹء
һӺֶλһۡâڱ·޵ĵһܡ
ռСһʶɫĿ·ޡ
˭ΪʲôңҪʲôһʵ
·ҡҡͷ˵ȳȥɡ
ռСһ㶣˵㲻˵ףȥصĶ飬ҵʲô۲źã
·һЦôͻؼȡʮӸңҵѡ
ռСϲ⣬еԭǸҽʦȻҪշѵģʮǲе٣һֵأ
·ЦۣǮġȥɡ
ռСųλСҽʦһһĸм֮飬˿ã˵
תҪȥȻ˵æߣǻûֳʤأΪ󣬾ΪΪСү˶࣡
ռСٿתŭĿСȴѾܡ
ȥ·޵ȻĶ˵ûпСɵĻٿǰλԴӳ־һֱΪһΡ
ȴ޷ҲǼ˹ˣѵ˵ģһ¡һ
㣬Ҳȥλ˵ɫп·ޣпκݡ
ռСǼΪģǰ¶һ˿СйһֺݺݵĵɹСɣ·˵Сҽʦ͸ȥȡѣͽܡ
·һЦõģȻС˵ȥɡ
СɿһλᣬȻ˵Ҳߵģֵиͬͬ
㵱ˣȳȥ·޺顣
ףʲôԣҾ֮ˣмһҪһ򣡡СɵӵЩ·йɱ֮һ㡣
·ʵ˵ðɣԼأ
˵һ֣صĶλˣҲڽĿռﲼ
û˵һ仰˵ѾʣǽŪѷ첻ϣںȻ鵹
һѱɭȻѾ·𣬺Ȼȳ֣·ǿʱһ磬ҪĲȣǶսսʲôã
Ҳһдſʮ㲻Ļˡ


270 ţ
һ֣أһ֣һؼֶܱˣ·޴Ϊȣ
ѵǸˣħô
֪ˣһֻħѾȻȥȻĳݶм׷Уʹһͬչ֮¡λħߣеȷȷʵʵһܱѪɵѪࡣ
ޱһӳһɽĵ·ޡ˻ǰߡ
ӣλʵײСջɢ
ԸߵСɷԼҲﲻʲôæֻһ޾ĳ
¡
һĿͷһƬƬ飬һݷ֮ϡλѾվһƬտ̨ϣǵһķ䡣
һûгȫ·޷ԷҲȻԼڸ߳Լ׵ĶǰȻһˡһغ䣬Էһ¾ͿΪܻ𼸺Ƭݵȼˣ
ԺһĺȻ֮ɫɸʲô˵ĵ˵εĻǺеġһתͷֲ֪ʱһλֵһٷԺ⣬һ΢üͷۿš
үǼλ޼Ļ
䡭
һȥ·޵ÿȫϵһ˹ȥԷһһܵȻʲô֮غʱӣ·޵İϵܲѾӰ쵽˶ԷķܣԷܲȼˣ
ܳһӡû˵ͬ·޵ľȿɱȣǸûڴ˵Ĵڣܵȣ˵ѾԺһУһλǧһţ
¡
һ㷿ײ֮Ϊƽأ
ջĶһزԫϱڣҲ벻˲ξͳǰʮѪΪƽأ
û˹˶ΪǰһĻֹͣ˼ά
ύ֣һƾУԼȥ˸ҲǸȣᰡ׵ľ֣ȥĵһ֣ϵڶڣһλʮͬսⲻλ˭֮ӣȴû֮Σλ߰ߣôߵĴأǲҪѽ
˼Ѳ
·һ󣬾͸ܵ˲֮ĺһ˳ʮףֹס塣ʱһӰѾȥֻ˵·һӰȻʥԺײ˶ÿ˴ˣ˽һҹ֪˴˽СֹסŲûپȥ
ٴûûˣҪµģڿսԼȴﲻ֣һСѾͷ壬ñ˵СҲŵ
Ǹ϶϶·޺ҪģܵٵĽһֻֻܶһ׵ܶγɣ˳ȥ
ƿһаķܶ·޵һμˣҪԼ񼶿ռһǰ;
Եĵؼ似һǰһξ籩ʯ䣬˽׵һȥ
似ǰ𶯣¡¡֮Ҳõ·޿ù䣬似ҲڱǸ似Ƕһλ˵ǾһԶڷܶûһ˿Ŀģ
ϱɫ벻Է似СĹ֣ܵʧϣһ·ͻȻֳֶһǧһ֮ʱϣֱۼ䣬Ӧһ⣡ͬʱǸһֱڸ߿ղħȻȻϣ̣һֻɵľ޻צŷܶȥ
ɣСһ似ѾףӲ似ǾͲٴˡƽͬ˵λõĸɮѾСѾԤ̫࣬Ѿһ־޴֮С
꣬ҲģֶѵģҲʱ⽫Ҫˡ
似һ˲ײһõĺڳˣΪҪһû
ò価ȫ˷״ײһԤĿ塣ﵽʮ׵Ĵӣڸǣһսǿ֮ս
·ȻĿŶԷֻƺڽһͬ似ܶ
ȴѾܵϵѹʮλϲЩԼȵźˣ似˼ҵĵؼѾˣռȴǸѾһؼ似
үĵ𺳱˶磡̫Ͼ϶λļֵϹĴ𰸣
ǶԩҶͷС㣬Ķλǿߣǲ̫Լ۾ѵΣôأǴİСɲͬһͬ·֮ϡ
ҹתһҫ۵İ׹Ļɫͻܸҵһ֡似ÿռŤòӣжƺ似ۣܷܶ·ϷŵȻͷ˳ȥ
국ȻĿĹܷܶԴȥռĵһʹãϲķ֣似Ȼӵľֱ似ҲǷֵóе͵ȵģ˵֮ǰ似ĻҲֻǸ߽׵͵ȣ֮ﵽʮ׵ľ޴ĳ̶ֳϣʧеȣ似ҵܷӦ似еߣ
似ûнӣĿУλɽ߼ߣͷľſһ˫ɫڷɳһֻɺ󣬶գһȻĿŵ桭
¡¡
·޵ǰ޾ɳһĽһֱԽԽ˿ʮ֮⣬׵Ĵǰ
ûһ־һǿˣ
ٽСˣС룬Ժ֪᲻Լһ硣㹻ţƵʱţư
ʹǺүʶźġ˭õλİ˭ҵȨ֮ռҪ롣
·˫ֿǰɫصĿŰеλʣ룬Էø似ǾֻɱһܶԲССʣ㵲סġ
һ£ͶһƱȡһҳûйأһл


271 
·޵ĵδһ˫ĿϿյչŷᡣĿûһ˿ɻңڿһӣ㻹ôƤȥ
ٺ־Ҫÿˡ
ˡĿֻ˵ȴһΣȻƺЦϷŰЦ⡣ɣƺ˵
һǰʧȥսȥġ˫һգ·ǰҲյøɸɾȥ
ϢٴˡȥһʳǿߣȻڶһλĪ˭ǿʰݵܵõһ΢΢ĵͷʾھȻһʮС
ʦˣСɲԶĺȻ
ʦֵܣСɺͦظ
һأòӡ
㣡Сɺ޵
㣡ʹ˾һ
С֮šȻܶİ澹ȻˣȻһĻ
СƨһǶô
ⲻһʮŮӣǸħСɱΪԼ޵ˣû뵽ܵң
·޶һ޶ԣ񶬶£ԤȻתͷȫĽ֮УһתͷȻȻģĿ⿴˹ȥ
Ǹӵ򡣴Ӱλ˷ɵýˣ˴˾ɴ󽫰
˶Ǳ˫ɫĿۣ룬ƤϸλŮӡջϿգ˫ڿС
ļˣȫԺӶٶȫڵأȥ
վŵļ·޶ˣүǸ޷ĺ㡣·΢۾Դλɴ󽫳֣ĿȴתϣߵܾܲңƺڼԼ
еĶû˵ĹֻĿ·޿
λߣʡ
·ҡͷ
ǶλҲ˵Ȼܲչ˱ħξȻֻɫùǼܣֲڰ֮ϡҲûдѪѪǳֻ󵽽׵ɭ׵˵ȹͷϰ֫ԣҲϻһ˫·޳ǲһԱ֪
ǶµźɫĹǼܣֻﵽһ׵Ĺͷ޴ſ濴õɫĻ档ٿȻٶȾˡ
·ͫһ˫ٴϾ١
Եλʥ۷壬ûʱܶҲܵ¡ǣͻأģܺȻһͷŹȥ
䡭
𻢾ҧ֮ϣǵ˵֮ײһȻĻһźɢ֮䡣
ļᣬλʹٴηաһеʲô˼
ͬһе˼һͬᡣ
ܲգһħֱŶˡ
ȥ񣬴ѣǲ߲֪ѻòкס
Ƕһ㶣һ˲ʣ˵ǲܴڵģһһٸǣܴѣǽǵǴ벻еħϣ߱س
ض˵˼ȻҵѣҵȻ֪ʲôߡǣ˵
ܲգûһ˿֮⣬λʹֻһͷ˵ãºֻܴбּ֪⣡
ϱɫһηضݡȴɫֻǽܷѹף
λȻȥ
·޲ݲ˵ģħ£ͬԴɽڣħһаһֻǷŵġ
Сմ᲻ϧ˷ʱ΢ʵ
··˵²Ŀġ
ᣬܷСѵһ̡ۣ˵
·һ㶣ֻյõģʱԼѾһܴѵߣҲûĵطȥˣղŵΣȥҲʲô£ҪŪȥŵĲ̫¼﷿̫ʵ
·޵ͷСɿһۣ˵ã·ɡ
ϲԸһ˴·Сɶ˷ֳһλŹŹ޵񶼵Ķȥ
棬ɢȥˡүԶԶĸںߡ
ʮ·Ȼӳгȥ˫˼һĴԺͣ¡
иСͯԺһ롣


272 
ŵŸֻ®ѣòһũֻԺռؼ㣬ΪֻмˣԺжĲϥ
һԺ䣬Ժļ˵ǵϢ·Ҫ˵˵Сȥ
СҪ·ֹסˣһ߽ݡ
ݵܿȥһӣھǼũߣ滹մȻջá
˾£裬˳ȥ
ֻжˣ˶һ·޺Ȼ˵ôģ
˵ҵܸ߹ܣȷһֻ޴ҵĿռָڣҪҾͷǺħεģֻҪ֮սǿġ
˲һλܵˣħ÷ˮ·˵Ҫһʲô£ֱ˵
ܿλߣħߣӦõҪĿġֱħ书аÿ궼ҪѪѪ๦ѪеģΥ˵ĹΪһλħǿĴڣһħ硣·һ£ħߺĵɱ˼ߣ߱ɱˣǼˣ
ǣ˵бˡ·ʡ
ͷ
ħߣλô·ʡ
ǵģͳֻǸ裬ʵҪɫµġȫ߶ħߣĵӣ룬ܲ𡣰ʣЩߣ浽ڡ
λǿĻҲﲻġ·޳˵
ܰﵽңΪһס⣬͸еһʦйܲӦþϢҲ֪ԲԣɫŵĿ´Ƕ֡
·޵ͷ˵Ϣֻô֪Ϣʦһλˣ
̫ˣһ·޿϶վǰһס·˫֣ǵġ
·޿ӿ۾ˣ˵ҿɴ򲻹ǿҲ׷ѡҰﲻ㰡ֻλʰǳ׵ģ
԰˵ģһλҲаʮǿߣˡ
·ŽһֱķˡֻλǿߣΨ²һһݳƷһͨȴïʢֲߣְ
·һ㶣ȴе΢΢һһصڳĽűߡ
·ίȥһˣ߶档˵꣬Ȳȥ
·޸ں棬һ·ֻݵһ˾Ľݣֱףڱϰһ£̲ˡǶдŵľʯ沢̫ο·Ҳò۾ʶõÿһϸ
ԽԽµҾһ·ǰ˲һףһǰǰվȿʺ߻һλ꣬ϲеʦִʦܰ¶˸ˣɺˣ
˵ͺȣ·ʺã
һ㶣λҲʮӣôʦԸǲܲģֻʵ
Ŷ롣·ޱǰľ󾪴ˡ
Ĵǧƽҡ澹Ȼаʮڳ֮Сʮһ߽ĵáеݼ·
˴ѹǶˣһʱûô¡ֻٴظһ顣
ʦأ˲ʵ
ʲôأûס
˵·أ
Сӣⲻ·𣬴ҹдʦˣҪ·մȥὫ·ߡ
ʮ˶һ㶣˭Ҳû뵽ʦôݵˣȻǻҪСеѾʮˣɿλʮ꣬ǸӰ
ʦΥһܲԸ֮
·ۿţҲû˵ԴԼ½£ѵöˣСĵĺЩԼ˴Ѱ۵ĸ֮ãɲġ
йûӦ̧ͷһλСӣһĵȻ֮ɫȻӶ̬
ηʥͦװƵģ
·˵Щ⼸ʮ䣬ӸҵĹ¶ӵܣ似ֻһط£ħ߸ϳɽȥ
·޵ͷȻ˵Щ˺ܵ
һ仰ʮͬʱվŭĿ
̾Ϣһ˵ϧ޷סڽ̣۷壬ͬħ佻֣úԶ㣬ˡ
Ҳܰ㡣˵˵ôˡ·˵
æ·ֻҪһˣˡ˵·һͨȥ
ͬͨΪʮС䣬Ƕֱһ䣬վ棬Сĵǰţ˵ʦ˼һҴһǰ㡣
һᣬ˵ɡ
Ŷ롣Ｋֻһͷɢ΢΢Ө⡣һһһλˡһλˣ
·һ֮¾ˡ


273 갲
ǿ
һλ˹ǿߡ
˿ȥֻвʮ꣬һڳڴڵ£⣬رһֲ԰ס
ܳԾ
ϢеĹ˶С
ͽܵҲֻ۹·ϡ
Ϣʵ
·޲Щܣͷǣ˵úô
̾ϢŵͷԼ˫ȣ֫Ѷϣԭ
·Ҳԣǰϥǰ˫ظ֮䣬ҽͻ塣ޣ·רĳ֮С
·޾˽ʱȻֶѾˮʪˡ
˵˽ɫɥĶˡ
·ҡҡͷ˵ضʱ̫ˣΪȫֻʣ֧ţѾΪһ漣
ȫϣ·ϵᣬͬˣһľ
㲻ҽʦôλϢߣȻҲ취ʦܴȥ̸ʲôħ£ڰȫ֮Ψһ࿹֮ˡ
·޳Ĭ֮ȴЦ˵ᣬ㻹Ϊ˼£λСܰﵽǵġ˵һ˫˫۶·ϡ
һλˣȻǳμ棬ܳΪǿߣǶŴǻ۵֮Ѿ·ܿ׵ľ硣·޶ĸˣľ⡣
ֻһλʣڴˡ·˵
ϢȻ֮ϣ֪Ϣ𣿡Ȼʡ
λǰ˵ǵϣͬʱڵдȻκԵܡ·˵
ԵϵܣܰϢĴľͷųҲУҲһٶֻ꣬ǻԣܴ֮ﵽ߼ޡ㣬ϣһģǺǣֻҪʱ죬㽫һ硣۾ﲻĽ֮ɫΡ
˵֪ĿģĻӦһ;С飬ǰǱġ
·һ漴Ȼǰ֮˼ȻλϢǿߣһӣΪ档Сɾͬһ
ҲǱǶʦ
·һ䣬ôˣ˵ϣǰ
ǰңöʦһµĽ̻壬ⱾȴǰżȻõģҳںȴıҸ򵽵龳кܴͬһֱ뷨ΪⱾǶʦ˵
û뵽ǰȻùϣ۵Ľ̻壬Сʧˡ·޻лز
ȴһ䣬˵ˣߣʦ֪һħУ֪ʧֵزҸ˼Ҷˣϣ׶ʦҵ֮£ǴӴ˲Ҫᣬ˼Ĩڰ˼ʹļס
λǿʲô̶ȣҲĶ֣λ۰ɡ·ʵ
ٺ١˸ǿЦǰУҲˣƫƫǸֻǸ֮񣡣һ仰һ˵·ľܰĴסˣ
֮񣡣ôܣһλڻһλУ˾ٸҲ벻ġ
·Ȼֻλʣһ׵ģûһλһԼᴦһ֮ء
ʦôֻܰһ֮ô᲻š
Ǻǣǰ㲻֪ǵһһѪˡֻλʥ߽װˡײռ䣬Ӷײûû˵ͷţǧռͷųٺ٣ʱ龰޷ݣǿ̫ǿҲһ˵ܲףڳǧħ֮Уڳǧռǰλڣֻϵ
·޿˿ᣬԼҲͬһɫ
ǧռ򿪣Ŀֲ氡·޼ֱսսϣսǰСɳԼЩಫǶϷˡȫ֮λǿ߾Ȼܹ治һǿ
λսһֱĬĬעϵ飬˵Сѣһ֪ôӳǧ𣿡
·޵ͷǵģ
ΪʦȻ뿪磬ֻ̹һ£Ϣ񹦣һ似㲻֪ϾȻĶڵģ֮ʦѪ֪֮ʲô𣿡һ˷ܣͬõͬǰչʾĺӡ
·޵ͷ˵ģ
ȻĿռһǰСＸŲ޾ɱ⡣ɭĵ棬յĵߣͬ·޵ȸߵĵ㷱
û˵£
ʦδ㵽нôʲô͵ѵͽ߰ˡ


274 ħɽ
ˣ翴͸ɣȴǰ޵ͬһӡ֡
·õһЧҲó԰ڡ
ʲô˾ܵõģڤϯ·ڵõ֮ǰûϢǾһҲᱻɣɲΪƿءԵ֣ҲΪʲôڻ˼ԭ
ȵȫƽһֳһֹٿ·ޣͬԼԶˣĿжů
ҲҸýһʦܣ㾹Ȼʦ񹦣ĵȴڵͷˡ˵
·ʱ˵һֱҪ˵ĻǰҲͬҵõϣ۵ıЩ״ӣͬնġҵϢֻ޹˵һ屾֮࣬Ҳ֪ûиõ
ŶڻȻ򣬡ΪϢ֮·ģ𣿡
·޵ͷ
ҵй룬ܶ뱾ʦʱҲֻһѧУ屾֮˵ӦеģֻµҲֻ룬֪еǰ
·޵ȵ仰æ˵ԼϢҪļΣʵһ֪ģ
ӡ֤ʧ˵ʦµеҲǰ沿֣ܵõ뱾ˣͬʱһܸһõĶȻѾ֪ĵ˵ڼУѾǰߵУأһڴ
·һ㶣ͬʱмûԭİ˰ε⣬ֻһ£һѾǾ춯ص磬ѵ˵ܸһôȴҡͷ˵һҲᣬʲô𡭡Ҳˡ
ȻȻΪôӳǧħײģʦ޵аһǰͣסɱһ·һʦһ˰Уеֻϧҵʲֻежѡź˵
е·޶˵аɽڵȥãѾСˣѾǾ춯أϵأֱ޷ȥˣС
οļУЦ˵ѾˣҵȻȫ㣬ֻǸ֮ǰһҪӦȥһ£һǳ֮ѣڳ첻£ܴӦô
ʲô°·һ䡣
ȴӦҡڵּۻۡ
·ԥˡ˵ȷôΪܣôҴӦǰ㲻ƾָһڵ·ġ
ͬʦֵܣôа㺦֮ģ֮㻹Ǻѵģɰδֻ֪ǹϵ֮ˣҲòΪ㡣ڵЩİ֮ɫֳı飬·һǰһλǿ߳һĳǿù۹⿴ˣοŵֻһʮ꣬ɱѣ˵ҲġΪ
·һ𣬺Ȼֱ̧ͳ˵ã˵ǣ·ֻΪޣȫģ
ڵͷ˵ã벿еȥɡִó似ԥĵ·ޡ
ɽأȻûнӹ·ѾоУץʼգڵ˫۾û뿪۾
˵ɡ·ɫЩ԰ס
ɱǸħ񣡡˵
˶ڵأǲܻܽһ½·ɡ·ϸࡣ
˵ȻѣǲǲɵģΪһ㣬λ֮񰡣ĵطҪĲֱͬսҵı֮бʣµ²ͺܼ𡣡ЩƻѾãʱŽԼЩһ㡣
ʦǧ񰡣ǵôı壬治֪ôõôռġ˵
ߣˣܵõ˶ռ䣬ħϵռ䣬ֻһطҪľǶˣͬһٶߣһͬɱǸطеħ޵ıȫˣҲսλĿġ
Ǹʲôط·ʵѾԤеǽǸء
ħɽǧħ޵ıɽֻŻ˶ħޣռ䡭˵һ䣬۾ҲĶ·޿
ħɽ
·ΣҲεĵطİ˵˻߳ѵ˵Ǵ߳ô
ٸһ£֪ܲдʮˡ


275 ʦ
ƶϲĻνܿܲһˣǧħ޵ĺ壬Ƥˡͷ·˳ѾЩˡ
ޣ·ӡľλǣȻޣĳܴ󣬵һٸȻվǰͲǳˣһǧأһ·㡣
Ψһİ취ڴ˿ŴͷɥĶ˵룬һޣڣ׵ö࣬һͬʱͷǧռߣǾġҲֻһ취
·һЦ˵㿳һռ䣬ͻģ֪
û˵ʲôֻǿŶˡȻ·˵һҽҵľ硣
·һԼ֮ǰŬûκϣġִŵĿа֮⣬·ܲһλǿһӶԼƭһΡߣ˫ֵظ֮䡣
̧۶˵ţЩҪͬ·ֵ˵Ӧ˳
Ϣˮһ·޴Ľҽ͹ȥ
ȻһȻĲ
·޴һڵ壬ǿܣɱ
ҪֹѾܽסˣ˫ͬ˶Էظ֮䣬ѶλƵһЦȻ˵СˣǾס࿹ģ˵һ䣬һǿƥĴ˫ֳ·ڡ
·޴ľ
ڻԡǿԮԮϵСע룬ǿò뵽ϢУȻͼпܱ
һڣתΪϢעĵ֮ڡûһ˿ĳͻͬĹͬĴȻԣһų⡣
ܾúܾãƺֹϢСõʧ
ٴۣ·޽ǰĴڣϣ۵ͽѾһλ˼ңһλܾʧˡǰʮòѾĿȫǣɶѣ˫ۻǣ䣬ȫ׵һͷ׷䵽ϣȴʰ𡣶ٶˣһʧȥԪ֧֣µʱѾˡ
·ӹԼ֮ۻ룬Ѿһײ㡣ף׵ܡ·ʵ֪˵ʲôãֻＫء
˳ʾ⣬·޽һῪŽ
һۿԼʦʱʹʧ˵عʦ£絶ʡ
ʦǺοۣ
ޣҪ˵ȻһҾȥˣ˵˵ͷ˵ڶ˵ѾǼݳ޵¡
˵·˵
ҶʦֵĹȣսϣʦһ֮ͳ˴Įʱͽþ֣ҶԲס˼ңĹŪħ磬·ʦܣʵѾҵʦˣʦĹܳΪħ簡ҵԸʵ
ᣬҰµܸ·ʦܣ˵Щ˵ԽԽС£ʦߣ˵Щʲô
ǣȻһռ˿ήֿռץͷϣȻޱȵһʰ쵵ĹâٿתͷϣٿֹһϢ˺ȻأһѹǷۣڶǰ
ʶһѰʹһƬǿܵܣʶܿӴʹѹɢһʶУɱ޾Ȼʶһ֮
·óһΣʱῴ⣬ֻҿʦζԵʱεʱľһҹߣԼʱܵõʦϿɣһ벻ǣϢʮûдڲòѾûˣɶ
ڲᣬѵʦ֮ǿֲ룬òԼ˵ˡѾʦ
˶һѹǷۣĬĬ˰ա
·˵ħɽǱȥˣҸطһĵ㲻ͬɣ
ҲǰϵʣӼʦŹǣһʱ֪Ǻá
·ֹ˷ţ˵ǻ˵ɣӷ˰ɡ
ͷһͬ߻ش
һٸӶڣе˵
һͬعһʦ̻塣
ἣɣ˵ҵ϶ʦǵʦүղѾȥˣ˺ǵТڣ˵ݼһʦүʦյͽܣҵʦ壬·ʦү¿ͷ
һһЩʹͷöģʦϵİлæ¿ͷ
·ֹס̹Ȼ˴ҵĹݡʵ飬ϣ۵²ˣ似߹·ϣһ·߹ġܳΪͽһߵ룬ΪԼòϣ۵Ͽ⣬ģѾͽˡ
λսûһĪΪʦүˣڵӳ𾪻𾪣ǿһٶʦȻλʦʱһжġ
ʦүˣһλʮСʦү
·룬Ȼ𣬴ϵĿռָһص似˵ҲмٱѻɽһСɽ˵ˣλʦүƲˣǵԼʺԼİɡ
ǣѱùǺҪʦүɥ˾ҪȸԾˡӵеĹ似٣ͻȻæ׷ǰʺԼı
лʦ似ִһıˡ
·˵յħɽȥǻȥɣҲʦԸ
ͷӦǰߴ·ȥң߱Ĩȥˮ
ҵ˽棬·޺ȻʶǱ¼似šʶӨҫۣһеʶϿգֻ·Ŀɿڴ


276 
еʽûʲô仯ǽ䣬еǺееľٵøЩеֻƽƶ·סˣļУҲóĵô
һУߡǰƳʶӰƳƺأһ⡣򵥵ġ
ڶУɽƳ
Уһˣֱ£ͬ·һֱģеȴµ⼫򵥵һʽȴЩ·޵ĵһӡ
У⡣ֱ첻
У𵶡жһȥصĸо
òһӣ·ѧее㶵Ķʶз
ٿᣬ˫Ŀգ˫ֿվ٣ڽаεĵһѵĵһ˵һδͻơ
˰Σ·޾ݵһС
ȫǾʯ㹻Ŀռ䣬·޺ȻĲܣϲ쳣ĸֱ׵ı仯仯Ǿ޴ģһλڵɹֻ׵ܣɼǶôľס·޸Ӿΰܲı˻졣
Ȼᾪ޵Ŀаε塣ֻױ仯·޵ȸߣ޾ɱλɫ䡣룬һսѵһ֪Լܽӵס
·޿һۣ˵ûأ굶һ֣˺һ֮ҲҪâģӣ
Ȼ·޾ͰϵĵһУߣȥ
ˡ𵴣Ҫˡ
ŵһ澫ʯжѣʯ۷䡣
·յȴһЦͷȥһмĿǽڡ
ʲô˼·ʡ
ûʲô˵ֻʦԵеһУһ£Ƥë㲻ϡ
·һ˵ȷʵǰ似ϵʾĵеģûʲôԺǡ
ֻһҵ쿴һѵڿռߣһһ£¶㣬
·޴סˡ뵽ϣ۵ĵоȥ򵥣Լһߣֻͣ⣬ûľ衣
Ѿһֻܵȥԡ·˵ҪԵĻһЦ˵ȥħɽ԰ɣһܾߣħȻҲܵõġ
·޵ͷȻһЦʦ֣ε壬ʮҲģֻȥħɽ
һ㵣ʵΪ˵
·Ц˵ɱ޾ͷβ˵Ϊΰ壬ͷһ㣬룬㲻ġ
˶ãڶԷпһɺ飬˵Ѿ˾ħɽȥȼԼѪҺ
ʮҹһˣһһԺڳ۳һ·ȥ
·ıԼȥ˵˵ȥһٶȫȥˡаλСҪħߡһȺмһλԼڵħӪΪе£λֵһ̬ȣһȶ䱸Ŀ࿴
һ·ϣһֱ·޵ͬӰӡ·Ҳ֮ǰԷΪϴ󣬶ԷΪСܵΪһַ̬ȡ
ħɽƺǴξĺڰ֮ɽһаֱҹʹһλָ·ڵһ磬ѾһƬ˳Ļ֮ء
ǧ˵ǳأԭǽӲĵرֻһֺɫĵ޺ֲеĳнһ׸£޺ɫʵƬû˼ʷǰĿһȺһȺͬĸߴţȺֻȺ󣬾Ȼһλ봹صİˣһ֧ϸõޣ˯˯ĸȺߡӹ졣
ԶԶͣ·Ըڴ˵Ⱥߡ
һ̧ͷͷڳȮ·Ϸ
ĺһȺͶܹԵĴͷԵϵĺ޺
Щħ򣿡ᾪˡ
˵ͷ˵ѾûвħĶˣǽµʳҲħ޺ЩúõĹҲǳħ򣬲ǺֵǮһͷһȺţļǮǵħܺˣǳֵġ
·޽ʶų̽ȥռЩ΢Ĳ˺ȻһЦ¶βĺڻƵݡȻʶ·ʲôҲ̽·и𺳡
Ǹʲô˰
ᣬҲһĺȻ֮ɫ
ħߣᾪʡ
ȻһЦ˵ֻǸͨˣʲô߲ߵģǲҪȥħްҿ԰ﵽǡ
Ҫǣᾪɲ
ǺǣǵģҪ׬ơ˺ȻһЦ⡣
ʲôƣ·ʣѾͷų
˻Ц˵ǲȥħôҪħܺ˰ֻҪһЩͺãǵ򵼡زģҪһλ˵ġ


277 ˮ
ıǶ٣Ȼʵ
ħܺ˵һ롣ЦûһĻܺɵӣֻе̰Żµ
㲻ɱ㣿ʡ
Ȼ£Ҵ˼סЦƿ·ȻһƤһһİ塣óһѵ˼£ֻЩ׼̲ȥҵ޼ףɱҵġ
һԽ⸱ɵ󣬾Խ̧ͷѾܿΡħɽΪҪƽĴϣͻأһɽôЩ졣
ǲ㡣·˵С
뿪ˣһһ˵ǰܿˮˣӡŹ֣һȻλˣСһͷϣܵ÷ɿ졣
ǲ򵼣·˵
Ŷֻ֪Ǹȥ֣˳ּ㶫طѾûˣħܺ㰡ȻûԻǿϧһЦ⡣
˺˵ðʶͬ·˵ǵС
·޵ͷʶ˵ܲħһİɣǸ࣬Ӧòд¡
ǰ߹Ȼֳһɫĺ
ˮ໷
һɫĴﵽ׿խĺˮһߴֱĸɽܺ棬˿ʯͶУǳʯͷˮȻˮˣҲûˮе˵һĴˮ津ȥ
ȻˮһһŽһ׵Ĵͻأĳˮ棬ȥ
󾪺ˣˮٶȿһεľ쿰쵽ǰȳֱ֮ԡ˫һգ֧һֻǵһ죬֪ԷǼħޣȻһʥ֧ҧˡ
䡭
ճҺһһ۾ǰˮѾѲûˮȥˣСһĶħͷϷתְȻħ֮ˡ
ǺÿˣЦ
ݺݰһۣŭȤôһٲã˵лңһỹģӲ˵֮¡
ԶЩʱƮҪִǰĵʰֻܺȻһֻȥٿؽħܺץУˡ
öɫܺ·Ĳͬһаö׵ģѾЩˡ
ˣǺǣȻʰöֵǮء
䡭
Իеĺһȭܲײصĺһȭܣʥ׵һȭǿöɽʯġǺ˱ϣǰһ⣬Ȼûʲô¡˵·󱳴ɴ䣬¶޼ȴúõģûа
˻ͷһЦ˵СôҺۣÿٴҼҲá
ŭ۽СЦÿˣ޽ӡȴ˫һ£Ծˮӣܵ԰ȥˡ
עˣǰħɽħ㣬ˮӺɽˮãʳǷΪӣɽһ£ɽŻħޣͿǵˡзųЩһû
һٶˣгȥ·ˣʥһߣ˴˻ףд·޴ԼĿռָóġһԾӣ˷һƬս⼫ҡ
ڵص׵ʱ̫ˣǳȥãǸصĹ¶صףһʮꡣһļ飬ʱлչʾ˶˫ĿŹ⣬ɷ
кǸرǵһֱħ֮䣬ΪʦһְһֱүãѾβƵͬ˹ϵһ˫ŮҲڰٰƲ֮££ʦ˼Ƕͳһͬӡ
һʮˣһһңɽ
һ·Żħɽ֮ɽľȱȽǣȼŷƣɲʱ֮䣬ɽȼ
ʱ˿̣ħɽеһħ
·һʮˣûתǧףһȺ峤׵è״ħڳһڵè
˻űɫ˫ͷŵ·
ʥǻӭǰȥһɱʼˡ
ͬʱһʮˣҲͬһȺصħײһս֮չħɽһܲⲨŵħɽ΢ԺԲƣǻܲôߴĳλħܵˣ˷ܵתħ壬һӿֲаӰ˵·Ϯô
ǸӰӵͷӦǵģħǵĵһħսʿǡ
룬㲻˵ЩСİɣֻҵʳȥߣ̫Ц𡣡
ǺܿЦҵħǵģ಻ֵöħսʿģǹ˵һأҲǵսʿȥһ¡
룬Ҫħɽƽʱ̫ˣõҶǵϴεսڼǰˣǼ£һܼȥһµħɽѪɺӵʱ̣ʱ̣Ƕħǣ׳սѪҺɽҰʳǿԽַѪ֮ڵоõʱĸԺȵ֭ԿǾ۾̼ʲôѪأϵܣ㲻ЩöôðħɽĽɣ룡
ǵģҵħɽķ̫ˣ徲ɱһЩǿⳡʢɣǵĵصħֻħһãûʸıһ˷ѵġ
˵öԣʭ󣬱룬Ҫ֣Ҫ̼Ŀ־ǿܿ࣬ѪҺҵɽٴѪɺӰɣ죬ⳡϷ̫硭
Ȼתһ˫С۾ʵʰѪ⡭


278 
ƣһֱɽȥ
Ǻܹ죬˰ɽȻֹֻɽȼȴҲסɽ졣ҵĻʮ׸ߣɽ£ճһƬ׵ء
ŨֱҪڱա
·޸޺棬Ҳûвܣֻǿ߻ӶܱɱѪɽ
ͷħèÿһ˻ûֻЩħޣʥǰöˣܵõڶ£һѪ⡣
Ũ֮УʮʥѪɽɽϸһΪͻСɣÿһӵͷһξͷ£һƬꡣ
ֻħޣһʱòˣµڵѪɫ۾ӽ֡
˸ߺЦһǰС
·޽סСɣĿ죬ʵ֪֪·ǴԸģǵħߣ
СɳĬΣ˵֪
㡭
ֵܣС˵һ䣬תǰУ·޺һ
߳׺󣬵ڶħ޴ǴЩޣƤ鱩ңһͲɵ¶Ѫԣ˶ϣȫƽϺʥһȥѪѪȺ޸ӵķˡ
ɱ
Ⱥųص׵ʥǽѪͫʣǰֻѪɫ
ûôЪϢ·ǿΪΣһǰһںɱ¾˶ս̡ܲ
һһҹĹȥɽһܣһ
һˣȥ·⣬ȫԡѪæһȴλˣеһֻռʯ飬ߺԽأȫЩͽħ޵ħܺˡ
վĵطѾһֻħޣҽһЩ˱ǡ
ԭ˯һ°ɣԹĸЩˮῪ˵սҪʼˡ
ʦɱ˼ǧħˣûʼôʡ
ûشɽǵγĽ紦˵Ϊʲôأ
Ӧбħ֡·˵Ӧϵħޡ
ǰ׵ģͬǴƽ֣ǲս
ĵһħޣкܶô
һ䱻˳˵Ӧò׵٣Ȼ𲻻ɾ
ԭسָ֮Уֻ˶ɽֲ·ޣλ۾Ȼɨӵĳˡ
ʱһһĹȥ·޿һüͷȻĲܣͬʱһλߡ
˺ٺһЦԶҲŵеĶٺ٣ױˣܶడ˫֣ȫ
ǰվһ¡ǰԶֱߡƷеһ˹ͬˮγɵ˻˹
ɫ۾һһģͬǳ󣬾ڼƵױÿֻڰ֮ڡӨ͸ĳǰ䶯ı֮һȼչĵ棬תɰããˮһֻһֻһıǿħԶѹÿռҡ
·ϱɫܵ߹ʱ龳
Ⱥڰ⣬·Ѿڽķܶˡ˫ֻһ׿ܶ˫ּ˳ȥ
ȻƿһаȺ
һϰգܶк֮⡣غĳѵĲٰ룬»صһ·޵
ԽԽ죡
ÿһһε䣬ǽ׵ľ롣
·޽ͷ˼ܶ溣ֻǼ𼸶˰ˡ
һֻλƮڶʮ׵ͷϣٿͬʱ˫Ƴһҹȥǰ̳һֻʮ׸µĽɣ˹ȥ
ڶԸռϷ磬綴ĴɹȥһƬɰֻıУһҫۣαɰٵıһƬ
ּܵ似ܳ־ͷţһֶһֻܱһƮųȺȥ
ף˹ֽУǸħ߻߰ô֣ף
·ͷŹһֻܶ󣬺ɫܻѾȫȻһֻ׵һǽʮ׵ıȺ
λǿߣ֮ǰеʥʶӵȰ档۾һɽĶ뵽սС
˺˵⣬ȤĿⳡս
·޷գµܵʮ׵ܲȻȺɫܻûǵϣ·޵ǰѾһƬ꣡
̳ɱ״ĴŨĳҺ綾ܲ͸ǰγһżĻ
䣡
ǣ
ڼ֮ϣħײɽ¼伤Ľ
·ޱನõأʮ澧Һըܵܲײϣʹ衣ʹֻײɵģĴнʴԵĳ涾һմ壬ܲǺް취
жʱĺȻҲܵ˳澧Һػ
ٺ٣ǵħܺ˿ƵҩľӰЦռʯ¡

һȺڷɳһֻԴı棬һ΢СɫĿǰ·ޡ
·Ƴһֻǰ˹ȥ
žһ죬ȥһ̣·޵ǰȫ־Ө͸Ĺâɵһħˣ纣Х


279 С
·޷ˡͬʱغ䣡
Ѿﵽһغ䣬ŭ糱ϫ˹ȥӵأǰƿһ׿ĳءʮֻȥɱмꡣ
һɱֱʱµļֻصȥˡ
ٶʥߣļ磬֮ǰָһ־зž֮ˡ
߼ʰŵϵħܺˣȻһֻдһ㶣ֱں˺ܹ֣ǷۺɫģӨ͸Ө⡣
óôпˣĸ·Ϻ֮ǰˡ
ζģԣĺóԡ˺ǣԵǵ졣
Ե𣬶һߣ˷ӣһԸɾС¶ǣȻܳԣӲȻûʲôζԵȻһ䵽ȥҾ綾ıħܺ㾹Ȼ޶ġһ֣ʥǴ
صħܺˣֱԵס֡
˴յСߣʵ㲻ħôصصħߣΪʲôɱħˣ
Сĵһۣ˵ħôˣħħ书аҴ綼ûСҡһۣʼǰ·ޣлмֵɬ
ûʱϢɽȥ
ŵħɽĻš
ľǧ£߿ɱաһУԵС
˵ǲԷֿˣϹսΣա
ЦΣգ̫Σˣ
㻹ȥ·˵
ȻһеĿռʯ飬ĴʯԽԽأ涼ħܺˡ
ϲһסһȺߴħɽʮֻĸߴ׵ħܺܡڷ¡ײﵽﲻֹ
ܿâɱһ
ս
ħƤȥҲС˶ѣҿüǵ˿ϣǵħצ£ȴǳɽĴﵽ۷ħһҲֻ󣬶ٻʥǱܿâϵĽܵϣӴơȫսʥһʱ󣬲ſǰħܣٴǰ·һ棬ɱܡſ˸¡
֮ǰ·ССͣʦʦƣлٵĲͲƽȴķڷˡ
һףһħޡľȺѩˡ
Ⱥûǰ·ѾоǵĲͬԴɽ߹ȵȺûԡԹ飬ͬʱѹߵľֱʶѹ
ûսʥѾʹ࣬Ųԥˡ·޹ϵȺǰγ
޾ɱ⣬Ⱥѹ÷顣һռ䶼Ťһߵ߸һ֮ǰĮȻɫһʱ伫Ϊ԰ס
һ·ʵܻӳǰһɱ֮ǽһʮ׵Ŀռ䡣
䡭
ʮڵ߷죬ȳĺɫѪȺϣȺ߾һ͡ѹҲ׷׳֡
һߵзʩΪģ·޻ǿؼָоȻһѾ֮ǰһͻơ
վ·࣬һĿѣԡӹͬһѵԼʶĵų֮
·һʮף̤Ǹ壬еǰ߿ϸħ߾ѪꡣһߵʥǣȥֻЩ˿ڡ
Сûж֣һֱϴӶǰţ֪ǲǾ㵽ϴĵ̣һǰͻȻСԽԽӳݡ
ûϰʱȺӵӣһصǽħܺˡ·޿Ҳǣᵶɽ
һΣһֱ߳ٶףƺɽѾǧˣԽ·ԽǳأΪֹһֻħҲûгֻ֣һͬĻʮ˶
ܻﵽף·ͬԼȸߵĴһ·ɱɽȥ
׵ħԳˣΪսǾȻӶι״ħܱ˴һֻ޴ħԳΧסһλʥƬ̼䣬˵أ֧Էۻħʮµײ£ȥ̾
С·ֱ룬һֱǰ档һ˱ֻȻħԳΧڵУХѪɵ£ԳУȻĺɺĳһֻѾﵽ߽׵ĺеһħܴﵽ׶೤Ȼ
δѹѾСɺһ֧һ֧еؼѪӭȥ
䡭
Сֻ˫۴ʹͬʱһʮµػ£ȥˡ
ͷϷĺɫħ£׺ȴҲһ֧ħײħͬʱħܱһͬ£ֱѹˡ
һ֧֧ӳѪ˲䣬Сɴ۾һԼʮ·ޣϺǲ԰ס
Сɣ㣡
һȣһħܱһͷ޴һͬײȺ


280 Ѫħɽ
һ죬ǰ֮䣬ѪħһƬֱ̻ʺʱȫһ̴̣ڼֻӵĹ֮С
¡һ죬ħڰջΪС
ۣѪħ͸˻ʺ
ž֧ذСϣԳ弫޵İƫֵ֣Ŵ죬ŵһֵǧһ߼ȥ֮һѪһ⡣
һ۾Сһֻ޺ȥħ֣ȻĽֻͳʮ⡣
һҲײ³ںѪ
СɵͷȥɵվŲ΢塣ҶһͻиöѪֻﵽ޼ħػ£ܻţһǹ鹦ϵǼס
Сۻס壬Сʵ㻹ôң˵۾һƬ⿴ȥ
·Ѿֻ֣ͬÿһȥֻħܴ¡¡༤˴ֵĴ㸲֡
ԼսѾȻҲͷ
ӦˣȹңƽˣǷˡȻһЦѪӿ
Сɾ淢ЦȻ֮ɫ
бҩó˵
ģСɼеֵȥļӲʶȵɶˣҲû⣬ֱȻһֻСӣͳСƿЩˮ֮Ůױ֮һƿ΢ɫСƿϣдšǲݰҺæǲһ̧ͷһ˫Թ۾
Ҷ˳ˣΪʲôҪ۸أʣȻ¡
ûаΪҩǲСɾýͲ壬һŭɫʡ
ҧ˵ͷ
Сæ͵ߣ˰ƿȥҩһ븹ȶƽ͵ҩЧ̷áȻ˫۴ɣȻֽմϿһߣȵģ
ɫӰŶ˶ײеľԳ
սңĳСɾȻûܲǺһоѹѾˡһȴǽԼ͵ħĺ֮£Լһͱ۾
䡭
⡣·վʮ⣬һֻԳͷҲأһΣеȥ
ʶŵչˮɱ޵׵ʣµļʮֻѾԳϰա
ʱ֮ڣҳٵÿһߣԽԽеָоһֱڵϣҲѾһÿһظ֡ڵϸ΢仯
ɱֻ͵ϮľԳ·£ûͣͣһȥ
ߣ
СɶϴĮΪȻֵͬͬһ˫ۻЩʧ
һһ·ͬһ𣬽ⳡɱ¾
·ʰϵһöħܺˡö׵ģЩ΢ɫܿת
󣬷Уǵļȥˡ
һûԶ˵ʲôܲ̾һˣѾϵܶˡº󣬹ȻٵĲ䵽ռ֮ڣȻ࣬ѾͷŴ·˵аġһʮֻ
Ȼ߻һ۹鵽һλ˵üصߡһԲˣѾֳһɫ·Ϊˡ
һʱȥһ˺ˮ·վȥʰħܺԣɫЩ԰ס
һˣ˻ָ
ò·޶ûûа취
ڵദʱʮ꣬ʹʧ
·޿һСɣ˵ߡɽȥ
׹ȥ·ͣǰһƬɫ֣һᣬʹһ󣬳һֻħޡ
һһȺ·޻վ¡ΪһѾﵽʼ
΢΢ҹĻ£һɫħˮ˫ỢֱߴףĿ࣬ĿжǱӡıӡ
·޻ͷλʦֶʦϣͽ·޳ʦ塣
ʱ·룬εĻᡣ
·޵۹⣬ӭ˫Ợ˹ȥ
Ȼһּ֮伤˫ỢĻȭ϶һֻͷΣ΢ЦţжϷŰ
ܣ·¡¡죬Ŀⶨλʼħޡ
кȻĿẮ˫ỢˮһգγһǡɫıǱȾҪӲ౶צ˵ħΣѾǵ״Сʵһ㣬ͬı峤һģһֻȮݳ׳̣׵ɭпˮ¡


281 ǰ;
̧ǰ֫˫ỢĽצ˵ħλ˹
ʼħǰľײľֻۣͷƿһаɹռ䱻ŪòϢּȫɫ
һʱ佫κݺ£˫һƣһֻӭ˹ȥײþòȥ߼һڱܡ
˫һչ˫Ợ֮İ׾룬Хɽּ伤˶âĴʹһצ£ʮ֮ؼֻʣ´ﵽǧĴʯ
Ŀһһֻܵյ˫Ợȥ
䡭
ѣᱻǿƥħܲͳʮ⣬еܵȥûĳɣ˫Ѿ絶һʵħܱһɨǰɨоһûˡ
֧һ֧ٴξˣδӰħ
飡
׵ľ޴ɨֻﵽͬߵĽһѷչȥ
ȥħų嵽ͷſԵľ޴͡ıһڹƥȻľںڹʧøɾ䣬ħһתﵽ׵ֻ޳ᣬּγһɫĶΣʮᡣ
˫絶縫ɫ⵽Բһ쫷γռ䣬ɳʯѸײڶᡣ
ĿɿڴĶٲǰĶΡĹǰϣ
·޺ܵȻĿһСⳡսʲôΣգΪʶǱѾвеϻ֮ˡ
ȫںڷ֮ϣܵȥȥǰһֻ޴󻢿ڼ޿ɱܣ
ڵӷ׷ײܣǰ·ֹˡ
ֻһ˲֮䣬ʱ̣Ȼ۾˫ָ߾٣ħħ֮С
أΪһһɱ⣬ӡ
һֻڱʱ̣ε壡
Ӷֻնħ
ûʲô֮ܵǰħѾﵽ˽ʵҲУ
ۣ
Ѫ֣
һֻ˫ỢХҲûܷһأ
ɫ԰׵ĶһѪ⣬еĿ־л塣ڵܣһ̣ͷžˡ
ʦڵӵȥ
˹ȥѪҳֻħܺûռʯڣһֻѾŵͷ·˵ҡ
죬εĽöʼľŽħܺˣ·޲ûջܵǽöħܺӸᣬȻλ˵ңôܴðеħޣ
˿Ц˵ô֪
·ֹȥװеħܺ˵ĿռʯСһܲע룬ʯһСѵħܾ·ץˣд£ץλһĿ࣬ʹĿԴ̣ȻеˣҸ㡣
·ֹס˶ܲɲ⣬ﵽļ𳬳·޵ĸ֪ΧܵԵ춯˵ľƤô򵥡
˵ѵÿǲЦģ˵
·޲Ϊֻ俴
뿪ħɽֻһ취Ǿǳħ˵֮ǰһ˾Ǵųǧħܿռ뿪ģѾܵУǸħˡ
ô˵Ҳˡ·޿
˿ЦȻҲ˵õħɽܷ׵ħΪһֻûбֻǶħܺ㼫ܰˣÿһȻڵֻܿռ䣬ͻᷴɣҵģſҲΪʲô벻ħɽԭ򡣶㣬ǣб˳ħܿסֻħ޹ûİ취ȻôԵĻԽԽħޣޣǲܴ˵ĳǿ߰ЩϺʳﶼ㲻ϣҲһֻЦ߰ˡɽɣǻģ²µȥѾ֪ˣɽɽǧ
˵꣬ƿ·޷ϵܵʰϵħܺˡ
ĬȻãȻ󿴵һӹĶ߳
ǲħޣ뿴ʲô
͸ġһֶһ
͸һ̯һ氲һ˫۾ǿħ״䶯һֻһֻճŵ棬ÿһֻֻһ׸£״Сϴ䶯ܿʹﵽǧֻֻһ֡·޵ʶٻмǧֻ֮ࡣ
찡ĵʺǳˣʧɫ
·ͷһᣬڵӣʹ
ħ޴ﵽ˻ʼڵӲЩʥˣǧֻħʵĹ£ǵ˼ң
Сɣ·޺Ȼ˵뿪⡣СӦһȻͿϴ󣬺Ȼİγһʮ׵Ⱥ粨˰зӿ


282 ȼѪҺɣħɽϣ
һȥпռһŤǧֻʺͬʱͷų̺ħܲǵϿ״һʵʵĤ塣·޵Ĥ֮ϣģֻһ϶ֻʺɥڵ¡
ĸڶħǲνеѾͻ뵽·޵ܲڣϸСĿǾȻǼеĵЯߡħܼӵ⣬û·壬·ѾܸоʹСһ֧˱ͷһСɣѪ䵽Ⱥֻʥƿʼħķҵ棬Ҳҳΰˡ
кڵӣ۵ǰ˱ΧһȦӣȦģһƺޱȳء
ʺΧ㣬ͬһɽһİʥǰʥǵܵʺķΪһȥȻҲмֻײ˵òٶǧʺϵӿϣħܲѹסʥ似⽫ڵľ÷飬۳ȥһƬﺣ˺ϵһ߾ء
·һͣһǧεظоһɴڻмξҪ
һȥȻĴֻ׵ħ󣬷ƿһ϶мֻħ޾ڵ»һ̲Һ壬Ⱥ޽ϣͬһȺɿĲϱ·Ļ֣ħ޾
СһѪҲһЩһȻ˻֣Ҳý
ʥڱħʰǰɫ䶯ɽʱһҲɽȺͻֺ̳м
ȺӿϣҲм͸ʬ幫ɵҺɽ¡ɽԽԽߣԽԽأһٶ߾ͱȺ棬޾ĵ⣬ɽֱ͸
һսĶǡֵǣûһֻħ޻ȥλˣʹȺУɫ԰׵ĿţԼðʧɽΡ
·޺۾Уɣҵĵ
ˡ
һֱʣħɽϿվþƽϢšɽϵĳվòŻ¡
ħӦþλ۵ɣ˵Ǽ֮ˣħɽˡһЩ΢˵
ߣˣٳˣħɽɽйԼģƽⲻݵơֻ۾Ѫ⣬̶ȴðֱǰһд͸ɽȥˡ
·𵴲ϢɱѾǰʮ׵ħܻò˰ӿ
һ·γɣ˳ȥ
վСһֻ죬ĿɿڴĿһþĵӰϴǰ˳ȥ
Լߣ·޳ɹĵһУһУƬֱ£ƿһֻһֻʺڵ»һ̲Һ塣
һʮֻﵽʼħȥ
·һץϵһֻħܾˣܷһĨɸɾľӨ͸ĺ¶Ȼˮɫģһ£ֽʮֻϵһһٴȺһǰɽȥħܻĵȫʧȥЧáĵѾ֯Сɡ
һƣȺ޾ͽȫħܱɹ׺䣬ǵλ½ɱ·ûʱЩһߣƿеĹ֧סߣϿɣԺ׻˱Ϊһ塣˵۾ﶼѪɫһƬΪħ޶ѳɵĴɽϣѾԽԽ͸ٵ鲻ˣһٶأ
һһһһʮػѣ·µ׺䣬·õòӣѪҺҲʪ˰ӵǿҽֵҽʦս˵ġʱ˿̣ȫܼ֮ϣ˼ôˡ
һȥСɺһǲģ˵üء·һһɱĵ𣬽һСɣ㻹𣿡
ȻȡСɵЦ类ҭں
ؼȫħޣ䶯ССĵâ·޵ͬ·˳һŹ޵֮գӳµħɽ˵Ĺ׳ۡ
䡭
һ·ٴͬʱ䵽ϡͬʱ·޵ʶһּ޵ܽҪľʱ̣һɳı仯ʶ﷭ţ޿
ʱ̣·ˣıݻûеʶΣմﵽµѹ£Ĵﵽһܷһµľ磡
һХХĳ·޵ĿСħɽϹȥ
·һ⼸ͬʱǰ˳»µħɽֻüĵڻߡ


283 ȼѪҺɣħɽУ
¡¡ɽ΢
ϰֻʺ󻯳Һڵϡ·Хϣ²ͣһȺȥ
ħ޶ѻɵСɽǰɽϵ壬Ѿ͸
·޺ϡ
ڵڷȥѾй˼ʮµ׻غ䣬Ϣ𵴣һ̣һѪѹڡ粻õġ
䡭
䡭
Сɽ糱ӿȥĵ£Ѹּٰи̴ٵĽйµǧֻʺ󣬺Ȼһͬȥ
һӺƬͬĿյϣֻʣһصľҺ壬ʺ˵øɸɾ
·ȥڵʰħܺˣУܼþˡ
ǰʮˣΧһܹⲨɵĻһѾڴˣҲزȥˡħײ飡мѾʧϣһĳָ֮С
ܹⲨһգµʮվĵһ£ҲѰܲħܺˣָԼ
ֻѪ죬ϽӲı顣
Щߣû˶Ƕܵӡ
С¹ѪֹסڵϢĴѰħܺˡֱ˰ʮŵ·
Լһûһֻ·޾ͽӹһֻһڣ̵һпʳ֮
Թˣ·޾ͳϢУһ
Сɾһ߿һ˫۾ˮ£ͺٿ޹ϴţţǿ
İʱȥʶһپʾ£·޲ò˳ָȫֲԼʱֵܵһµĿޡϲ
ֻħܺˣǻʼģʳһʳƽʱ񱩵ܱʮ壬ڣһٶҲĴն
·ߣ˶ӹ·˵ֻɽˡβӦģһξħޣȺһҲʣġ
ſ۾ſͬʱȪӿһͷʱȴи˵²ȥɽģǲߵģ˾Ͳߣ
˿ȥλˡ
ôȥģ·ȷһ㣬˲ħɽȥˣ
ѾǸˣȫħ޵ռ䣬ԴǱÿһħܺˣԱ֤ᱩ˵һ۵Щٲߡӡ
¿һָ·޶˳ָķȥʵ¹£ɽµħ䵴ħѾ񼶵
ֻߵġ
·ŭϷƽʵΪʲô˵
˵ҲɽģҪħܾˡ˵
·쳣ᶨ˵ᣬţԼɽȥĺǲʧˣ˵⻰ʱȫû뵽ԼҲʮѡ
ҡͷȥ巢һĿ졣𵴵ôλĹһȫԭλһ죬ڵ֮Ѫ˳Ѿָ˴롣
ȥϣģûС·˵һ䣬ٲɽͷȥ
޳ӰھҺ߹
Сں߸š
СɣҲҪȥôʵԴӽйСֺһֱ
ϴ󣬡СЦ
°ɣ·޻˵
ٺ١ãϴ㲻ɽǶ¡С˵
·޾ٲ˵һͬɽ
߳׺·ͣĵһλħ޳׵ǰһֻʮħޣǣ
ﵽ񼶣Ѿֱ๵ͨˡħ˰գʮ׵ħܲͬ⣬ϣ뵽ԴɽֻǼһ¡
ûи飬Ѫĺɫ޴ͺ˵㲻񼶵ռôҿԸһԵǿ󡣱еĻҪá
·޲ܲ˫ڻԲķܶ
ߣͱҵܿռ㣬Ȼֻǲм˵
·Ѿеķܶͷ˳ȥ
䡪ƿһаĿɹȥ·ľƬ
ۣȻſ˾޴ͣһ﷢ͬʱһħܹⲨҲĴȥ
¡ӣܶȥ
Ȼ·޵һֻѾγ⣬޾ɱ֮£һ룬ѾһӰڿǰ׾룬ڹգ۵ļ֮һ
·ޱϵ˫һգĹⲨڵ¡
ǷһУ
ۣ
Ѫ֣
һ͵Ϯֵ·жһʮħܺˣֱУȥٲС


284 ȼѪҺɣħɽ£
ħܺ壬·޸оһֿ񱩵ֱע뵤֮ڣȫһε
Ҳһһ֣ƴʲôǿ
վ·СöࡣһһСɽ
ףֻħޣ񱩵ħܲߵľѹˡֻ˸Ĵ׵񼶽ħ
ҪҪռ䡣Сܸɴࡣ
·ҡͷֱӻӳûٷŻڡһ£ģûô˷ѡ
һһֻצһֻ׵צǰΣʵһ㡣һֻȴǽצ촦£һ֮£һﵽصɽ壬˹
䡪ƿצΣһ·Сͷȥ
ͬʱ·һչ㿪ϰٷɽѹ
¡
һѿɽ䴦ɳʯ粨ӿ¡
䣬·Ѿյ壬һ
ϧ֮Ӷ񼶽ħҲֱӵɱ޾ĺâСǣͷ£Ȼһʧڵϡһ޴󶴿ڣ͹㣬ˣС֮ȥ
СһףѪ¡յ·Ѿһ͵档ڰ׿ռ͹ϡʵ죡ǿʶȻ֪Σǿѹ£һٳͷһֱŹܷܶ·޾ͽ似ͷȥ
䣬СɵĵһײСС׷˳ȥ񼶵ħڰվ˵üء
¡
ܷܶһֻǰƿħæķȥˣĴͳʮ⣬Ȼȥ
ŵֻһͷ»صٲ
ٿأ·ùϵֻħܾˣУöʡˡ
ĸƨ棬Сߡ
СѪ·һץһ潫ҽڣһħɽɽȥ
ϣɹѪ󣬵ˮּ䷢˻ǵĺ⣡
ûʮףһսһλʣҪսļȫħޣûһӡ
Ĳǳħޣһ׵ħħ
ˣ죬˫ħޣħֱ˫ӡһĿһһ˵Ķ֣įͬһս˷ܵ˵һС
սɣС㡱߹׵ħޣһչ˫ᣬ˫צץľ·޸оԼܲҪˡףĲһ·޴һһɨƳɱסǰĿռ䣬˹ȥ
ħ¸µķ̶ХȻĳħܲͬʵʱһĴ
ƿڵĿռʱŤΣһħļͷţĵĹһ
·˵һٵϡѾǵڶСɽ
ͻȻأɽ纣ǰƳһĻþһ·Ϣһ𣬷һܾȻߵһ֮ࡣеСڻһֻҽ̫ˡţǿʶֳҲҪֳ˷֣ܾͬ
ǰħѾϵħּԺԡΪѾǸ־ԵħΣܻΣѾòˡ
䡭
һһצ
·󲽣չɣҵĵ
ˡ
ХٴγΪױ·ɽ纣ƳһƬ硭
ħǰ󿪣ǶΣ
¡ħ벻һ࣬һСֻλʵСС࣬Ὣһǰ
ɽ

þħܵķѳƬɱȥ·ҲͬʱķħɽİһһħӰȻĻȥ
Ʈѩһӿն£ҹɫ˵ˡ
·ڵϣһ̸оڿյģûһ֧֡ȻûзſץСɵֻ֡ҽֻС΢Ķϴ
̧·޽һֻħܺ˿ҲУһȥˡ
ħܺˣǲ̵ģ񱩵ħܽܵģֹͬʣܸһ䣬һڵըѹƲסʱǾͻᷴ
ȥƳɵСк͵Ĳҩضַƶɣܱ˰ȫաһ·ħ˴ţħܾȡǵƬ̲䣬ʵϾֹʣ
·ǰСһŴﵽħħħܺˣһСɵˡʶѾһпս


285 ֵ
׵··˰ʱмļֻԼ
׺һֻħްȻĵħˣ۾С䣬һģ쳤ףһ־һ󶴡װ룬ȫë۹ϥֳһֻħֻҲн׳ȣͨȺ죬ɫħֳһַ״Ҳı·޷ħǸƫ׵Ŀԡ
ûоԷСɺȻ˵Һˣϴ󣬷
·ûû˭ʱһ֣͵һС˼ұؾйˣӴĮȻ·޲ԸģҲǲص顣
·һᵶվšоõĳ˫۾һһֻͣǷŻٶȣԼһָʱ䡣ʱѾһ·˵ͬһء
㲻Ϊħôֻħ˺Ȼ˵
ħۣΪʲôԼ·޵˵
¸£ΪѾǧˣˣûаˣȻôħ˵ҿ԰ﵽ㡭
Ļû˵꣬·Ѿ˳һֱӵõڶУɽ˹ȥ
ʵԶ·޷ͬʱѾķɹοռ䡣ʱһ˫һչܷŵɽ纣һƶ£Ȼѹ
ħ벻죬סһħٵӭȥ
䣡
һˡ·ÿ죬˵øһ㡣
ӲԼ̵ܲġ׸ߴ˫һգһѹ£ɽ޾ɱӰ£ħ̧죬С۾һ£࣬Сö࣬Ϊʲôѹأеħһͷϲһؼ似֣
Ȼһ·ޱϸߴٿǰ£ٴεɽ纣
нˣԼóһ֮ǰһһЩͬ
Ȼٴη·ڿеʱֻһգۣٴκ¡
ʱ·޺˼ٵһֱһСľء
ħЩˣÿһԷһģһĵеһѹٵħѾһֻ򲻶ĴС˫һһȥûز
ٴˣ䣡·ܽʱħ˫ۻŽеٹͱӲصףᡣ
·ֳһ˿ɬЦ⣺Ӯˣ˫ֻɿĽһ֧ܷܶܲڷܲڣķŴף·ͷųȥ
ʱλħ˸ոհγֱ壬ȫȻ˹Ⲩ֮ڣֽйһС۾Ȼ࣬Ȼһ֧һȥ֮У·޼ٷŴѾǰܿϸ΢Ц⣬һ£Ǹ˼ǧɽ
ɽ²þòϢɽ㺣Хһħ˵ͷϡһڵһ޴ӣǵѷǸӣһ͵ȫı·ˣѧĵڶС
·һֻȻλСɣ¿ȥʰֻħܺʱ˫ȼվֱòһֻħܺˣ·ϵءһͬУһ¡
磬ҰɣСɿˣ档
һͺá˵Ҳûˣ·޴Сڵֻҽ֣ȴһ̲ͣ¡
·ȻվƬ̣߳壬һ߻ڵֻƷħܾˣһ߸Сҽţһ߼仺š
ϴΪʲôͣأЪһǸáС顣
·һЦЦ˵ĽӲ
ǲͣµģͣһᣬǾͻΧʱǾˡţǰȤҲһֱߵɽһһûأҲ֧ת·˵
ʲôУСһϲ
굶˺һһɱֻħޣǲǻлġ·˵⻰ԼвšǧֻħޣһӵϣԼſ˫ӵ⣬ôһ¡
·޶һ£Сŵϡڸղŵһ̣Сɻָ
Ϣ·ȡһս֮ǰָܻһϡ
·˵ҪһֱҺ棬һ롣
ٲȻֹͣһĻعͷ
»ˮ϶¹¿СһᣬһѵؼѪԼĲ֮ϣ˵Ҳϸϸģװ볤е£Եò΢
ʲô·޴ʧɫһ͵ߣСɺһǿ˵ϴҲٸˣҰﲻ㣬ֻģһصȥɣͬǰʥһ𡭡
·ɽ¿ȥĵطħܵѾʡսļ
·ҡͷ˵ֵܣزȥģ֣߾ǣһͬɽôŰǰħӡ
Сҡͷ˵Ҳȥǰ
·ǰһһҲʹСɵһˡ
Сֵܣһͬһ࣬Ȼûͬ˵һֱСܣиڣ۸㣬ҲﲻܡסֵܣħҲãǸ͸˵СҲãһͬˣǾԶֵܣҲ㲻˵ģһͬɽҲһˣ

Сֱ۲òԿأˮšСǿĺӣǵһڱǰ޹
磬бòģҾͲһˣɽţһѪϸСĲ£ܿͺǰ·
磬ҲܻصǶȥǷɵģҡ۾
·һȻûĴкӣһˮһĨתɽеâ䣡
磬ԶֵܣС߿޽С
ȻҵֵܣŸɱǰħСɽ㣬ĺúûš
·˵ţ߽ԶǿĺٲӵģҪһֱɱħΪֹ
Сԭؿһᣬܵһգûɽȴһ·ȥ
һֱ˺һᣬȻǰһ磬ɭֲһɽأǴﵽħܲ
ûħʲôӵģСһЦȻɡ


286 ɽ
࣬Ϊħôҿ԰㡣ض
ΪʲôСʵǶǡ
޵ˣħ۰һħһͳ£Ƕôҫ㲻õôܰһ֮ħ۾Ϳöˡ¡¡˵
Сɲңƽ˵ʲôôأҿΪʲôռ䣬һһγĻᡣ
ǣͲˣǧħȻмһ˳Ϊһħۡʱ¾ħ£ǿȥȥκεط֮£ǵǵİڲǶΰ簡ǣǰѾһ㣬˭뵽ϻɽΪƽ磬ǾȻһϣۣģǸα۰ǶϻħɽСĵطˣٲȥǾ͸ˣǱҲħ۳ǸϣΪΪˡ
Сɴһæʵ˵ʲôαۣΪʲô˵ϣǸαۣ
ǣ㻹ûףֻǸĶǸӵеۼܵļһǲԼõĸǱ˸ģֻҪԸ⣬ܰʵħ֮εģģǸ򲻵ôֵ飬òģֻܳڵۼħߣйʲôŹֵĸУģǲףΪʲôͲء
Ǹ⣬ЩԵ˵
ߣѪħ࣬ǿ񱩵ĸԣôʲôءɵǺȻ¡С˵
ף˵õмֵ㣬벻һٳ㡣㲻룬Ҳ㣬ǰ֮⣬ҲȻü䣬С֪Էλħ
˵ҪɱǾ֮͡
СһЦ˵Ǿɡ

·ɽÿһߵü仺·ɵйķʱԳ˼İһһڻָš
ף˰ʱʱָ˰˳ɵܣȻ󲿷ֻǿö񼶵ħܺˡ
ħܺ壬ϾͻпͬСģħܺ·޵ĵռȻɢ񱩵ħӳĿռͻ˲ĳΪܵһ֡Ȼǵڵʧˡ
ҲҪģ·ͣ½Ųǰʮ״һħˣˮܽ棬ȥȫӨӨġ
ǲҪҵħܿռˣħӴ
·޵ͷɽ¿һۣСɵӰȻѾˣ̾Ȼ˫һ壬ֳһѷ첻ϵĿ壬·ѾħķϰգȻһ˺˿ռ䣬ǰڰĽ˹ȥ
ĵУ
·һ׹ÿһоһ㾳磬ԭϣ۵ʤʽܣȻϵĵ⣬⵶ؼߣɽ纣Ĵ磬ءϸϸһĵ⣬һٵĻӶڣɱȻλʣѾͻƵʶףܾٵһ·ǰֻһ³ϰĽˣһ֮˵һδ
սƺֹϢ·ɱһһǰĻʼħħޣһһε֮ĸƽһģǸᣬǶ޵ս
ӵ·һ·ɽħɽҲ֪׻жߣħħ޻ж٣ֻľĴһս״̬УҲͬκζִһ棬еХ˳쵶⡭
һһҹȥȻһһҹ·޺ԼߣѾѧ˵Уڹ⡣
ڹһ·޶ʱԼҲһǰȻһƺͻȻ֮ӵһĵеȴƬڰֳһݴĿ۵ļ
ﵽ˺ڹľ磬ѾõȻԻ˵ǰֻһֻħޣ似ǰҲǲɵò
ĵҲ
ܴûǰ˳ɻָԽϣָʱԽ̣·ѾҪɽ
˰ɣӦÿˡ
·롣
ɱһħܴﵽ񼶵ħ޿ʼڼԼʱ䡣Ϊ֪һģﵽ񼶵Ķǧ񼶿ռļһҹ·ӦˣһһĽӽ񼶿ռıڣ
һ
·ԼҲǲѾٸˣܶࡣԹħܺ˶һʾħı·ǹ˲ôˡ
·ĵ˲ħޣħˣǸ࣬λ
һ䣬ȻĴ·һ㶣ͷһǰһƬɫĿѩɫѾ겻Ļѩ
ǺǡһЦ·֪쵽ħɽɽˣʲôĶߴأһ̣·Щɴ֪
鷳Ұȸղһ£лл


287 
ףһλȫĻ߽꣬ʮףüɭֲûһȱȫ沿ŵһֻۣצһֻħܵϵĻʵһ㡣ȫȼһĿ񱩵ħܻ𣬳׶ߡ߲ѩˮ¡
·վǰʮ⣬ܵѹһζҪ̬״ȴȻķһֻһ״СĻɫСֻС۾ܰȤĿѩеսʿŵʶ·ȴӦһ˿ħͲһˣħô
ֻ߳ɣ·ϵսѾȼաҲֻֻ꣬רעĶֻòĻɫ絶еХвϡ
۷񣿡ʡ
ڱӶӵķŭһħŭСС࣬ûʸͬħԻһذɣ
·۾ûתȥֱǸȻĲɵС
óħСȻ˵Ȼ²ȥħɽģɱһٰʮħʮ֮һֻҪһУ֮ء֮һֱɽҾۿһֱܹߵɽСǸʲôɫҲǸӣһֻĽʵСӡǺõ˵ǸϣһͬĵĵˣǾ͸ˣǾ뽫ϣ׵ĵӣħ¾Ȥö֪࣬λۻʲôʱ롣
ܳɹô·޵Ȼʵ
λҵȻʧܣڲǣ̫ļˣֻмܵһλ˵ţֻܰ˵С˵˹˵ʱֻȥ絽˼µĻȴҽ
׾ҵĹ㵽ˣСȻͷСطһĳХХĳʹħɽڻζ
·ɫˣرǸӦħɽ£ξͬͲõĿڴֻ·Լָħܹ⽫ħɽӳʮɫ½롣вѾﵽ񼶵ħܹ⡣
ֻһսˣܰô·ʶֻռָһֱһõ˺
˺аһЦ˵ǾһսɣˣһߣǷҵǲСأǺǣҪϢ
·һЦнָȻһ͸Ļ˺ͻأĳǰʮ׸ߣһָЦţλͬ࣬ꡣ
·ҲȻһ˳ٲ˵һǰŻڰĻȥ
˺ͻȻλħһû뵽·ջһ֡
̴ٵĽйһһߵСצһƣһ𣬵һѩĶǽǿƥħƶ£·޵
䣡
ȥ·ֻɫСڿռγһӰٿس·ǰСצٻӡһɽɽ屻׵Ļǵص·ޡ
С۾˸˸Ź⣬С˷쳣սѾܾûйˡħеĿһȫȻ
·޺һչϰգͬʱĻֻ˺
Ȼһ˺ǰצʮֵıѩǰ׶ͬ࣬ȥԷٵλһײ֮ɽƽˡ
𣬱һգ˺ִűʮľ޴Ȼ䡣
·޵ĵڶҲɽ纣ѹϵĻɫ
似ûŵأɽѾܲסĶ
ħܵצʧͻȻֳһ̵ֲЦ⣬ſɺͣ۵һѪǰûһֻӴʮĺ꣬ӭɽ塣
䡭
似ٴκһ˺һɳ죬˳ʮ⡣
䡭·޵һڵϣʱ˿̣Ͽһһ̣һת붳Ӳıʧˡ
һأһ϶쳤ʮһ׵һѷڴɽ֮ۡ
һ㲨·ʶǿ󡣼оǰֵֻɫһӵ澡ͽһ˫צͷų
¡һħ壬·޿ɹȥ
·޷Уӳĵ죬Ҫؽײ¡¡һ޴󲨶ɽ䴫ͳȥͬʱֻĴײҲͬʱУɽ˲˶֮ء
¡¡
·һ˳ϰףվеһؼһһֶ˳ΣѾߵħȥ
ħǰͬеǿ·޽һħ֧£ûȥʱ׳ֱذ·ޡ
ؼƺֻߣ·޵һ棬ҲֻǶ£²꣬ȻħĿУѹ򵥱·ޡ
·޳ХһһһǴﵽǧ׵ҲΪ֮һ͡
·ԭʧˡ
ȡ֮һؼһΣֱ͸ɱ⼸ɽˡ
Уѵ˺һǰһԴǧ׸ߴ˲߽⣬һ׸ߵħֻֻﵱߵС۾ٵģŵĶͻȻɵľ޴壬޻ֵ
ĵǰʧȥսġһļֻħǽ䣬谭Ĵǰӹ
һӶһȥԭֻһѪꡣ
·ڵأٴγУһֻ֣ץŵö۷ħܺˣУ·ֱȥ
ȻһԻײеĺꡣ
꽫˺һˡ·Ҳף龹Ȼһжʱޣһ̣磬Ҫӿռ䣬·޵һ˺һѾȥ·ˡ
ڽйһɽһйƽ·õһöħܺˣѸ£ᵶɽ
ɽȻƬѩ͵Ĺǧ䣬Ρ׳


288 
⾹Ȼܵܲ͸·ֻҪԼٴλΪ굶壬ƿǧֻ޴ħ޵Ļͻⳤռɽɢ
ħɽʹ˳ţٰڲָԪ
һһɸߵĻǰХгͻħ𺳵Ըӡ
·Ļֻħܺˣʱ˿̣ٵȴǣһٶֻħܺͻȻķѡ
ֻǱȡһ룬һС޷յħԣʱڻ֮ǰܻл£ͻȻ
ʧɫ·վ˫ڷ͵ħ¶Ϣµظһͬⶶµѩ嶥ñѿ
˺ֵĿߵͻȻ·Ѿħܸ壬Ʈɣ˫ѪһƬȫͬˮ͸
ħˣ
ǿ·޷ѹơϢ򷨣ŽͻȻľ޴⣬ǵ뵤֮ڡǿþ׵ľʱ˿ͬǧľڱۣѰͻƵ㡣·޲ͣڸɽ緢Ҫ塣
Ȼʶ󿪣·޽ǰ֮ڣаħȥ
ٱɱӵǱʶħͣȴڵǰγһƿ·ľ壬ʶУ糯ľ壬Ȼҵͷ
һͣ·һЩʱ䣬ȫ뵽Ϣڣдﵽ¡
˰ʱӵĶ·沿鴤ʹڼӾţвϢ޾ħ֮ڣתʹռ֮ڡ
Ǵʱ˿̣պȻһһӰڶͷ
ǧ˺һ飬ħ
ڻˣһ̣ħɽɽ֮ǰ
Ǹħĺϳ壬֮⣬ᣬһͷɫͷƮɣһγĻ룬һ˵ʵҺףһһֲħ档鲼۾״ͻۿһʮӼСֻõһСף첿Ǵ󵽳ֱѵ
˫̤һ˫ħ޵壬ƬƷּħܲĪ⣬ĸָħͬʱһ֮壬ʹԶԶڻ
Цͬ˵Сͬô㲻֪˵ô㻵˽ռ䣬ֻʮ֮һҲĶ֮ġ
·ͬľһħܲӽħʲôߡ
˺̬һݵ˵ħ£Ŷˣ˺ң
ߣСʶ࣬ħһ·ͷŹһΡ࣬ǷɱɵģȻߵͲȫ뿪Ҫ
¡¡ס
ڳűˣ
ħ޾ݣ·޷ֵѾԷ˶޵Ȼ˫ǰ뻮һͷܶϷɿΣȻͷʡ
ռŤǿԽķܶƿһеĳϣ֮
һ㶣벻Ҳ˸߶ħ֧ŷؼ似
һǰһħΣ󻯽Ϸܶ
Ȼȥͬʱﵽ񼶵ײһХײɢȥ
·˫ֲܷͣܶܶܶһһħ޻ƶ£·ҵйûû˵ͷ
ƣӦȻһЦȿ޻µЦһգһһĲӰﲻϳһһħܿռһһħ塣
Ѿ̫յɽȻһһһٸǧռڷŵ·ͷϵƬգ·ͷ⣬ڳֻħαͷųһʱѾŲ֮ħ֣һһ޴ֲħħޣʣ·ѹ
ʱ˿̵·ޣ˫ֻ֮һһͷ졣ħνӵһÿӵħζ񱩵񼶵˺ˣȥˣʧȥһħܿռøռħβһ໹ֹͷųľġһϷŰĿܷžһ̡
һǶôκʤҪ
˺һУī£ħɽȫħ£
ʱȥʱʧȥ˽ֻħܿռ䡣·˫ֲͣȻڽᶴ
ֱǶ衣յ˼ޣһⳡȤս


289 ˫
߹һй죬յ񼶿ռһգһ£һɫĹϳ֡
޴óʮŨī춯صĿ˻бۣͬסǧһ׵磬һڶֶ٣ЦЦŶյ޼ɵħһͳ£ħķ
ɣСӣôı䲻ˣڣҾ죡
ɫͷų֮ȼվˣȫĺڰٿǳذһУǼǧħĿֲʵ˵·ޣ㵱ϣ֮ͽλﵽڵزִ֮ڣֻһӡ
޷⣬Ͳġ
ʱ˿̵·ѹûΪͷ˼ٸؽ似Լ޴йħȻĵ֮Ѱʹࡣ۹⵹ǿĶΣܿصڽҪѹǰħܺ˵ķɡ
һڣ޾ǰߣҪˡ
ļٱƿص£Եùµֻ˺似ʱͺĻһ⣬ص·޵Ŀռָ
ڹѾס·޾ǿ壬ҲѾˡ
ȻһɫĹ⵶˺ʣ˺ƺƣƥںɫ֮ϡ
¡¡
췭ظ
ɼµײһֱӵĽƬձɵ
ݰײһһӰƬϡ
һ
ħӳ˲֪ħܿռ䣬ѾΪ˰ħɽϿա
ƣ޾ĿռħΣһ˫Ѫɫ˫ۣеڻǰ·ϡ
磬ˣֵܹͬսĵ¡¡˵ͻȻᡣ
Сɣ
һ·ɽɱÿһħߡκħĸҪһһ¡ÿһθ춼Ǽʹģʮθ֮󣬾Ѿȫһľ֮Уʹֻ࣬һʹķεĸоħڸԣ׳ħ
˼ôˣһһܡ
һ̣֮󣬾һ£絽ɽˡܵɽӲɣһսôĲңȴġ
ײһһħռ䣬Сһ̳ɽѪ
ײ󣬻ӦԼǿСɣȻܹȫٿеһײײ֮⣬ֳһ˿Ѫɫ
ٿأλħԡ
ѹ·˫һȻˣѩУһƬҪԼһεħķɡ
дϣ꾭̫ὫԼϣΪ˭ҲУ
ǣһĿͻȻСɣŶǰԼһ񲻶һ棬޵µӣЦţȻ˵Լʲô𣿡
ҵȻ֪СһѾ嵽ħԼϵ·硣ǹͬĵˡСɻûȫܿصʶһֱԼ¡
Ҫɱ㣬С˵ٿһ£еѪＸʮ⣬ռŴƬա
Ҷħ񣬶õĿܻһ룬ЩħûȫƿأټһҲǰ׷ѣģСӣ˵һ˫һ죬زϣֶٴֳǸɫ۾۰ĿиѹǿＸĹЦţȻͷųȥ
ʱ˿̣ȫѪĵӰ
ħڵХһɶذ˳
ӣɫħɽٴڰԨ
ײþòͣ
ܾúܾù
ɽһƬһߵڵȻ΢ЦһСѾڼ⣬еѪһƮ
ƿصĲһС룬Էȴܳȫ̫ˣ
޺أһ˫۾ŵǸ壬źϴѽҪסˡ
ۼȫֱֱ죬ȫ죬۵һѪƶٳѪϣȻĿռһŤһǣȫ¡
ƬգһȫȻռˡ
ЦţһֱûչĿЦӳһȭǹ򣬶һֻ󵽼µȭͷ
ɣСӣһнˡ
һȭųǧħܽħɽ⣬飬һȭƥײ֮ϣΪ֮㸲ˡ


290 Цħɽ
¡¡ײòϢպȻѩ
ëĴѩӵ·ĩչ١
һȭСǰһöСɵ裬ɽ壬һ죬ɽҡһĿڱɽѷɢ
Сɵʧڿ֮ڡ
ػָеӵĸߴƣ··һ㡣
Цϡ˵֮ǰ·޴һ𾪣ôѾ޼ɵˡ
ϣʲôµһХС
·˽ս£һĿһĽŵƱСһ̲Ϣٵµĵռ±ڣǰѾ͵ֻһĤʱ塣
ҧ֣·Ѿδɣɿռ佫ٽϡ
µĶèϷһϵһֻɵɫ̾Ϣ˵ˣˣСûȤͬȥˡ
̧˲䣬Ȼסˡ
һǸһ͵Ŀ
Сɣ
·òӣһֱѪðһǿһֻħܵɡ
ռ䲨ϣȻײڵռϿһ̲ͣħΡ
㾹Ȼšˡ
ȻҪѵģСЦñ׳
úãҿԷһ·߰ɣ㲻ͬʱΪħķϣȻ˵
Сҡҡͷһ˿ԥûУҪţˣǲߵġһѾй·ޡ
·߲֪ʲôʱ򣬼ѩȻڻˣȻмСͻأĳ֮Ȼۿɼٶšǵһγħ硣ССĸıѾƬռļӦѾȺħǣƬͻȻǰͣ½Ų
գܹһУ似һУջصȥ
ĬƬ̣Ȼ˫һϣһɷγɵĹ߳ϣֱʣͷȻѾʧǧȻƵħΣһʣһ޴ĴڣƬһռ
գһ̲ͣŶëѩƬųء
£˫ֵ»ǧħ似һħ죬Ƭռ
ָռС·޶ģ´ڴˣҲΪϾȻܴ似ǡ
Сɿڳеϴ󣬺Ȼӭ似ȥóԼΪ似Ѫе似ֻҪһʩչ֮ļ壬ܹܵϢģԸⷢ£Ѿй˼
һֶˣСХգеĳ
˽һռ𶯲Ϣ
ףԯ٣
ⰻȻ˽ѾشУļѪͻȻͻȻõħС޷γһֱڵѼҴ
ףͭɫĽϵƣɫףһֻ룬֮ޣ뷢Զ
һħһ㵣ĺǿѹǰëǰĶƺƵĽֱͻ˿ռơ
Ȼģԯһħײһ
ֺХе似һӴּ¼⣡
һâֳ似ʣͣͲˡ
ƾδݶһһħµһ˸ƾȻֲ£սһâķײ
ȫʩΪħΣѹСɡСȴ˶Σ䡭
ÿһ䣬һ˺СѾ·ߣͰǰһֱŵ·Ĵ磬һĳţСᣡ
磬Ҫûˣ㻹ûӦôʱӦ˰
Сɴš
ҲӦǴڵģҲжСɵĵ֮ģ·ſ˫ۡ
۰
һƱڶɵĵﺣѾΪħıĤչһµ磬·ͻԼ۵ͬʱǰһƬޣһأ·һԾΪһλ۷壡ٸħˣ˷ѵ̫ھӦλˣûƱڣһ׵Ѿӵ˰ٷ֮ܵͬʱڲ췭ظı仯
Ľףٷ֮ٵܣڵ·ڵѾ˽
һƬ·̧ͷ죬֧ŵСܣλһһЦȻԭʧˡ
ͬʱһ꼶·վĵط˵Ѿһ㣬ǰȥ
ûնգ·޵ĿȴǰƬ治֪Ŷħ޵޻Ļ֧ռڵĵطЩı壬Щ淢¡¡˻
ˡ
굶ѩ߽⣬˸ʣ޴Ļħޣɢ֮䣬Ƭ̾ͻɢ
һߵʱҲӰˣ⼸е񷢳ľռһһļټУ˫ϴһħҲʧ·ٴˣɸһѩƬѩ磡
СɿĵЦţʱйĻʱⶼģЦԯٽǣʣû⣬线߹壬һħճһѪ꣡ѩʧˣ
ħʧջָ
ħС壬ֵܻţһЦħɽ䡭


291 Си
Ц·ɫһ˵ֵܣħô
Сɵͷ
ǵģϴħֵܴսһħɽеħɨҲͻظƽˣõģʹսһɣ־е
·һ˵ô˵ԼĵռѾˣ
Сɵһ㣬Ȼˮ˺һ̧ͷ˵ϴһбİ취ô
·ΪСɶˣ֪ҲҪԼҪʹľ
ãֵܴսһ·ǰһСɣǣֶУɽµȺȥ
һȺħȺħͻ飬Ȼ۾ֻǶ־𣬿ʼ򰵴
һһԯ٣ħһλ۷壬ȫɵˣЯֲɱɽħɽҲˡ
ոճһ֮ǰȻռһλߣһ˪һڳĳڶǰ
Ȼλˡһлŵʮλʥᡣǡ
·â˸еɽ
һЦȻƽڶ𣬾Ȼλħߣ·һ˳һ𣬵ֱؽ԰
СɺȻĲܣѹֱＸʮ׸߿ա
δ·޵Ĺ뵶һµľ磬𾪺̾ڵۿ棬ҲĿ͡
˼ħûвֻһ·ħ޵һȻһ֮£ʧ
һЦ˫̤Уħɽ˵ܴĳƽ⣬ǿ뿪ɣħɽûмǻָˡ
Էɲ⣬һ𾪵ģһ·˭֪λȥߣȻһλǿߵĴڡ
ʧ·ֻñϳЩ亹Ҳ⼸ʮ˼ӵһҲһ˵Ķ֡
һȺٲֿɽһֱ;·˵֮£Ҳһ
һ·ɽ˺ˮӣףͿǵȺû뵽ȺħصĵطǾȻܹҴϲ׷
磬ԶԶȺħһλȺڻԭ߶
ǵ֮ȥӰǰµ˭õȻһλҲĳħߣҲѾλħۣͲ·֪̽ˡĬĬޱߵĴĮһȺħߣǶ࿴һ۵Ȥ
һһҹ˻Į·֮ϡ
·޺Ȼֹס㣬ع
УСѾͣһ·ߣһĿŴҡ·һ
ҾͬҸǰɣС˵ҪȥһطֱӹȥöࡣһָǸ·ڡ
·ʵȥģ
ҪȥĵطС˵
ȥǶʲôѽССΪСĶ˵Ҫ뿪н
ǺǣСһЦһֱ·ޣ˵ҵõһСӣ;뿴ǵ˺ǲĴڡ
̫ɵˣͬǻɣкܶණҪ㿴˵
Сһü˵Ҳ뿴
ֻ㿴ֻϲ㡭Сһżѿڶ糺һƬ
ǺǡСɿĵЦ˵ϲܸˣͬʱ·һۣ˵ұ˿ɣһħߣֵϲ˵ţʮ϶һֵƤ
ɫ԰ףȻת
·޻˵Ǿʹ˱ңԻۡ
ȥҲ֪˹ϵܣᵥ·һ˵лʦһߣֻʦʱܻ˳ָһⲻʦֶ
·һЦһȭعСߡԺЦ˴һ·ȥ
ֱǶˣٴε·
ᴵһ˵ĻڷƮɢˡ
·Сɶ˱һ·Сɿ·һۣȻЩȻ
ǧ֮ңһ·ɽˮòСɷ£ԣÿֲ֧
󣬶̧ͷʱѾһǰߴصĳϣž޴ӣдأ˽˰һ·룬һѾˣ񼫴صڶ˿ڶ࣬ڷԴɽҲһúϢ죬һ·ϷŹظȥ
;ⱾǵһȥлĹŶ
·û˵ȥһĿģĻʹ֮ڣи̫̫ʮδŰҪǹƥ
ͬʱԶرԵһŹƽԭڣһҼ֮ǰȻʮֻȻľԺ⣬һǰš
һֱţҴԺǼأִȥʨǴĿأóǹŹһĴ塣
ǰļҶļ˴ʽҪ֪Щÿֻļ۸񣬿˷ͬѰҲͶ˼ֿ
ǰ곤üǰйһ˵鷳λͨһ˵׼Ұɳʯĸˡ
һ㶣һ񣬼æܽȥ
·괺ڻͣŶɫ˷ݳأʵʲô𣿡
ʩ˵شүһȺݾˣԶһΣ˵ǡһ¡
ʲô
˵ĸˡ
Ŷ·괺վ˵ĸ𣿡ӰɳģǵһΡ
˵ǽаʯһ١
Ȼùһˣɫңĸɳ˿˻ڣֱλˡ
ʲô𣿡
·괺һ𣬲š
ҸеһϤܲɳ˵ֽ̫Ϥˡ
·괺Ÿܵһº͵ܲŴͷſǿԼ࣬ȴӵЩԡ
˵ʲôɳ졭˲
˵һɳ㵹
·괺ʧɫæǰһѷһ֣һܶȹɳһ壬ȻȻһƿɷűȥ
ʧ̬ˣʮ껹ǵһΡ
·һ뱼
ɳܲʮֻһգۼ䣬͵⣬һǰӢˣݲУһУԼʮδ״磬ɳ죡
硪йһɳ˵ϣޡ
ʮСﵽʮٸˣλʮµŮӣҵˣüһ档
ʱǨѾһ㣬ΨبŲ飬һֱѪ֮С
޹˺ð죬ɳƿãȻᣬǷȻ˵һ߶ʮ꣬иĸ
縸ǿ˰İɳ˵Ĺڵϣס˫
ТŮûϡ
һλŮкܵĴʥȻܿ޻·ҵĴǰʹ˼
̧·괺ܳѹڼϣŰɳһ񵽵ء
·Ҽ·괺
ɳ˵ͷλǰһʥΪΪԷȴи춯صĶӣ·ޣǸʥˣ·ǰҲ֪λ߰ˡ
ǽ˵ɡүߵ·ҳ΢塣
ɳ켱æ˹ӹԺʮһͬԺ
ƽİɳѾǶ˵Լסء
Сʵ磬ɺãһֱǡ˵¡
ɳ̾Ϣһ˵׺ܺãֻǿΨһŮࡣ
ɳ뵽ϸϧգֹȻ뵽һ£ɫ䣬ʵ磬ֻ˵ʲô˼ѵ˵ȥ
ɳ켱æ˵ĸװڣ㲻ֻһֱϷߺѾʮûлˡ
ɳû뵽һ£æԼߺ¡ɳ˵˾ټҸϳԴɽһ£Ȼ˵Ҫҵ·ޣڿҲǼء
ɳʶӵ£ɳ·괺һЦ˵ϲңһڵĺ󱲣СԴɽڣСܵУҵǰҲΪǶ֣һ壬ħаܣѾΪԴɽϵһߣλ⹫ƽҾ͸ȲˡǺǴЦ
·괺һδӣʱˣѪһӣҲȻ֮ɫѾϡ
ʴ磬ʲô𣿡·괺ʵ
ʣԭλ֮񣬺ȥ;ʱԼĵռ䣬ƺʶס
·괺ͷϸʾɳʱش𣬺˵ǰߤСûؼһ۵£ɳֹסһѹ̣·괺˵ʲôҲҪһ˿һ·ſ磬ˮϯһ죬ڶһ磬򸾶飬ͬŸ˰ο·괺Ҳڽӻĸһףڵڶһ磬һ˳˷ٴξԴɽ
ȥ죬׺ҹʱһ˶ڴ֮ϣǲϻطЪϢ鼤ԤУŮڻؼ;С
Ƶʱ֣ԺһƬŲһֱӴƺһ˽ţеүСˡһ˵꣬Ѿ
ڵվ𣬰׺ǰͻȻصϣƽ¼飬ȡ
һᣬɳʹ룬߸ͬС׺価ȴûпҪˡ
أһ۾ûɡ
ףɳͬɷһͬſءɳ˵
С˵ǲТʱ򲻸Ͽ쿴ӣʲôʱأ׺ҲͲסһռѾ⣬ǰһƬƻһ˫Ӱֱֱڵϣͷ
С˵׺һ䣬ͷһ죬˵ǰһһԼҹҹŮŵϸš
ɳѾб䣬ʵǸıڿЩ΢ĲͬѾλСʵĸˣʮǰǶޢ껪УഺСѾͷȴǶ˷ݶׯķٸ
ٱҲǸСѾͷִ룬Ȼһᣬ
ɳһۣȴǽһ
̵Ĵ֣ȴ˵ʲôҲ
ôô꣬ţ㲻Ͽʲô
ŮТҰɣŮԴӵڶС·ޣᵽĸʱ޿̲˼ֻǲһϵڣŮТҰɣɳӿ޵
׺ڻϸһᣬɳӵʹķΡ˱ͷʹޡ
ϣֱֵڶһ磬ҲûϢҪͽһ¡ȥӻؼĸȴᵽҪ̡
ȫһͬһٴӻĸס
뵽µڶдʱѾƣҪλʦ˵Ѿλ۷壬һͳΪڣԼǶ֣ȥԺķλһλ۷ǶЩյġ
ڶ죬׺ܵԺȥԸͬ񽲹λһ͸ܲӦĵ
׼죬ͷϣ׼һʮˣ·괺򸾣һλʮƥԶ֮
мŹĴСһзֱ˶ǣ˿ڵĴǣﵽ˼¡
ʱ·ֵѾС


292 촽
һʮڳͣסв˴񣬰׺һ˵ȽС
ʵΣпˣ׺佫˰ƫƧСջУҹɳӶзʹ̽䡣
׺Уɳչһ˫
޾ݣƺ߲ͷûɳãһռ䲨һ˳ڶǰһ룬Ǹ̫ࡣƾ
׺ϵãһ֣˵һ򻹺ã׺ҵķޡ
һϳһЦ֣صһ
ݹүү彡úܣϲɺءֻѾ˯ˣ֮أǲҪŵĺãλհݹһʣյ˵ܣټҲٰ
һɺã׺Ȼ˵ҵλյ˵ܡ
һ˵ʹһңƻ𣬽Ǽ߱ߣĻϰա
׺ڰ֮ϣݵĿ棬һֱ밵û뵽ˣ̲סһĽֵܡһһȺӵһ˹վڿڵµǰλѾϵȥȰ׺Ҫϼʮꡣ
죬λһ۵Ļϣڽеǰ״ô벻컹ټ
׺俴ˣͷ
μϣ΢΢ðǰĳ뿴ʮδޣ֪ʷ񡣡
֣벻жֱʼҴ׼Ҳ׼Ҳ˼ʶҵĻֶԴϣʼ׼޹ϸ㻹ǿ뿪ɡ
ôãҵķޣһؼң׼׺˵꣬һ̤ȥ
΢üͷ˵ʦôûһǹĶ֡
ϣѾڴˣֻǹʦչصؾʹԶЩҲˡһ˵
˵ţռһѾڻʹϿգһۣλʦҲмˣȥʮͷˣɷǣһ֣ܵʵʰΧ
ˡͳĳƻͨʧʲôط
ʦڹɣ˵꣬ӵŻغˡأ׼Ҷʮ̣ڲ˵߲ư
·û˯СɵסڴϣºصӡһֱЦʲô´дϣЩ㱡
·޽СɲչһЦ˵磬˵ľ;еλô
·ҡͷ˵ҿӦòҲҵ벿Ϣ˵߶ˡˣ;Ϊʲô£ʵ
ûʲôһҾͰ·ඡС˵
ʲôϣйأ·ʡ
Сɵͷ˵ŵһֻһöҾͺҵǰ£öӦѾСˣҺ뿴ʲôģһ˵
Ŷ⻹һֻôôû˵·޺Ĵ
Ҽ˼ǻ𣬼磬ֻǲ֪СǸʲôӣҲɣģǸܾţˣǺǣ뵽ʹңߡڻʹһ֮ãͳ
㵽ߣΪֻпܴڵС·Щš
ȻҺģ档СЦ
뷨治һ㣬һڻʹ϶˿õģҾȥȥˡ·˵
ȥС˵һ֣ء
У·Ҳһ֣ءȻϣסڻʹұȥģ˳ȵȵðɣȿҵģô·һϷŰ
ãСȴܸɴࡣ
ļ壬˵˵·޺Ȼ˵
Ҽ㲻֪ģҲ˵ЩȤ£磬ȥȾưɣһСɺܲĵЦ
·һ㶣ͷӦ
˳˿ջڲԶһ¥Ѱ˸ˣҪ˼ɫСˣһ̳ǹʮ
ʹһ¶ǣСɺȻƽеСиСүҪ
Сæܳһᣬһ𣬽һ˫ŮϺʮˣСѾͷȴֻʮ߰ӣõҲ㣬˽վߡܲùСʲôӵӣСЦģģҴֻģģСү͡
·֡
ͷң˼£ǸСѾͷ촽᷿ײǰվǰСűѾͷ巿һֽһҸԴҶб촲ʱȣһ촽˳
ᷴĵĸ˶ֹ
СɺǺһЦһȥ߳ź䣬һ촽˳ǺǣȤСүϲһ
·޿һۣһǿЦССϴ۾һƬƺȶˡ


293 
߰ɣ·һŮл˳ȥСɣʲô¸˵˵·˵
СЦʲô£ֻСܿҪħˣǰһ¡
·һȻʶڵվСɣôˣϱɫ
˵ˣСҪħˡ۸ܴϼ죬ħСܾȥħɽƵ۳ò
ʶȥ·޴Сǿʶ̽ħʶһʶͬ˺·һռһĶʶʶķһ
ԭħܸ컹һ֣
·ʶŵ̽Сʲô̶ȣȻȻͷʹľż䡣
Ͼƿͼ֣࣬·޵ʶ׷һ˱¥£ȻǸǿĺܲʧˡ
صСɻڴȲֹ·˻˿ջ
غţ·޽СϡСɾȻЩ죬˵ϴҿеġ
·һЦ˵֣һ似ǵµģרʶܴһ¡˵žͽָǵͷϣһܲѾⱾ似ϢСɵʶ֮УĴʽʡȥʶ֮С˵ʶܵƬ̵ĳײ
·˵Щ˺£С˵ϣ֮־ϲæ뵽ϰ֮С
˾һ֮ϣһҹ
ڶ죬Сɾϲ쳣תʶѾһЩ仯дõСҲȥˣһ˵֮У·ֻҲţһ̽ʹ£ֻ÷ŵԺ˵Żڻʹ֮ڣ֪᲻ҵ˵Լ˭
һһʮʹ֮⡣
ȻĲܣ׺һ˵ȣֱʹܲڽ׷׺ˣʦ޼ǰǰվסֱ˳ʮ⣬ɫĴš
ֱػţǰѾɽ˺Ȳµ־־ǹɽȣϣ΢أ׺󲽲ֱͣ˴ԣһѿɽ޸Ӳ˺һ·
˫֣ﵽ֮ϵ־ë£زǰͬûһġ
˹شԺǰڵµǰżˡ
۷壬ʦʲžڵǰƬƽʯǰǴﵽСǹǲʮ˵ĸʡ
ѾƬˡ
ʲûܣֻº͵ĿŰ׺ˡһ·ˣ֮е£ͨܵסһλôЦ
ϵܣ㻹ˡȥֻʮȴȰ׺һĹ˵
ϴҰ׼Ҳӭ޻ؼʲôʮˣֿҷ򸾶ʮ꣬ʲôȥأҵؾжһʣǵ£֣Ҳ÷ҷžۡ׺ߣʳ
ʼлʼ֮׺䣬߲ˣʮǰ£ʮҲ䣬ְɣƽ˵
Ǻǣѣĳʮأ̵ֽġ
׺˵һ䣬ԺХܲǴĿռŤ֮λͬʱͷܣ׺ķܲ£һؼﵽ֮⣬ɫֱܲʮ֮ǰˮѾͶٱռǰʮ֮ء
棬ʲȴǴȴﵽ˳ɵĽܣʹȥһҫ۵Ĵ𣬶ǹȴļʵܲ
ʳǰѾʥ
׺һ¡
һռ䶶һʮ׵Ѿ羭죬˻Ÿξ롭
ʲͷ˵㻹ǽˡȻһ£ʯʯգ˫һһһӡͷųȥ
ӡǸ߼似۷ȴѾﵽ⣬һľܵıǸ֮
׺һɽһССĺ۵Ľӡϣ
ʧˣ춯صһȻΡ
׺֪Ƕ֣Ҳ벻˲࣡һǰǧ֮һеؼЦ˳ȥ
ʲɫһϣźХķ絶˫ֺſڷȻס·ʱڴ˿ͣͣڴʱһɱ֮ǵչɫķӡӶӭ򵶹⣬¡¡ײƬҡŴ˳ȥ
һߡ
˫΢ϣǰȥˮˮζĽŲ£һƬﵽ׸ߵĲǰ˳ȥһλǹ


294 
ǹһֻλĺ֮Ȼ壬ռеʶֶˣɫʵʰ죬ܶײһˮˣıǰݣȻǰһһأǰʯ޾һȥԺедڶš
ǹںȻǵˮһԺӿʯͨͨ˫ּ䣬Ȼһǰγһɽǰƶ
Ƿ»߳˵ڶɫƽͣˮⲼʮɡ
ǹֻˣɽѾԽԽأԽԽ󣬼ѿء
۷ʲһһ䣬ǹеɽͻȻһɫǣưѹ񡭡
ʱİ׺䵶Ѿܲ͸磬ǰȫǻɫ絶ХбڣǿڹʲǰҲֻնˣݲȥڳǹһ֮
Ȳã֮սֻסʲλصȴλСʥУֻ֮һλޣ۷·괺Ⱥзɳ캣ǴʣʱԵʮʮλ
ɳеɳڴˣؼңİһ仰ᣬɳ̡Ʒǰŵļλʥһ֣ͬһʰ쵣ܲĵ
ڰɳǧɽз
һ˵λʣ캣ؽɽ纣ĽƬռ䣬˫ͨһƬؽҧʮ˼λһֱĬԵĺӣʱͬ転ȫƴʽԼҪƴ
·괺һֱԴʱȺҲֻǸСɫܵҲһλʥƵһ
޴ս
λ񲻶ϳţʲۼԷʮܲѾŵ£ȵϵܣһУͱ಻˼֮ˣ
¡¡̳𣬽ߺǽԺǽȥҡ
֣㵱Ϊ룬ҶŮѾӣҵ޻һף׼йҲ䵽ϣĳѣٲЦҰ׺һӢۣȴҲˡŴ磬ģͷһսɣ
Ȼĵ磡
ʲ̾Ϣһ˵ʼҴҰһգʵڲܷǽȥ
͡гһȣһӡ޷ŴͻȻһ֮ǰƽأɱ֮˺͸׺䡣
ܵԷ֮أѾԼܳܣ׺΢΢һЦȻǰһеһգԭһ㱣ѾΪһɫ󵶣ذŽӡӭȥ
㲻ˡʲϱɫԷ굶һǾ֮
ԼУĵ𺳣ϸشֵˮȻƿԷİ׷Բɽ糤ӣȥ
ǹһˣȻһ·ˮһдˮһգһ״ֹסŲ

һƿؽɫһǰ˺ǰһС
ذ׼ңɳХ֮Хһ㣬ڻʳоþòɢ
ʮͻһԺУȻǵǰȴ
νУÿﵽףؼܱ棬Ҳһӡˣÿеĵǹȴ꺮ƣ˵ǵؽһҲΪÿѵõǧ֮˵Ĵʦǰ˵ں󣬽ʮתڵУĬ빲ǰǹ֣纣Ҫʮ˼ڵġ
ɳ캣ֵ۷壬˼ˣȴ˺ͭǽһİΧȻһλͷԺ
ʥޱ򻥿ǿܲڹⲨ֮ڣɽȴǰ벽
䡭
ɫ꼶һǰʲǰͷȻЦ£˫ۣȻĽʱԺţһһװ˼壬ͻȻĻΪһֻɫ壬ֶһֻ𴸻ɫ
شʱ·һͣͣʱռ䣬ʶֻڴ˿ֻ̣ڶ
¡¡޾ݹһڵ´ȻΪƽء
׺۵һѪ죬Ʈɳײֹסأһ޴û
𣬷ȫˮУ˳սʣһˣٴȥѾû塣ʱ˿̣ʲԭʧռѾǰޱķУһھب֮ǰλ׼ҴʣûһܾٲɳŭһѪе˳絶壬ͷĽ
ѪֹңѣһһӣγһѪ̾͵·ǰ
ֵܾһ־һǰ
һԺӵ˿ǰ⸱龰дڵڸϣʲϸ࣬һ˺󣬽Ѿĵǰ·ˡǻһڣһλϣλһλݶׯȲˣϵļĸ
ѪϣɳѪ
ÿ˿ǰĴ󱯲ң޶ԣѪŨˣ»ʲôܵдĴ飡
ϻĸǺáŴʦѾ·ˣܲҲյɳŷ²ͣͽԼ͵ޱߵĽ֮ڣ
ͣ£Ǹͣ£ŴʦŹҵӣ
һغʱ˿̶òУһ˷ֿˣվʲλϼĸĻãѾٵˣһʹվԺС
ɳȻֹͨһڵϣޡ
ﰡТؼңһҲգֻҪܻصߡ
ᣡ׼һȫԺУ纣
̧̫̫һ¼СӷŵĲϣ֪Ҹı飬˵ɵӣʲôʱֿһֱϣֻܼˣ߰ɣܺãѾϰˡ
ҪôɳѪжͷȥ
ĺ磬˻ͷһλȨյĻһ߳Ŀһӵλ޸֮ϣһԺʿһͬͷ
ŴʦܴҵĻʹɱҵĴڸ֣һ֮ڣ㻹ʲôȵߣȴĵס
ʱ˿̣һɷѾԺϷڰ֮У³һѪ󣬳˵ϣֵһҰ׺䵱֣Ҳн죬ͲܷҰ׼һ·ɷѿ޺СлѪǻȥɣ
׺˵׼ҴУѾһͿأ޻֮йʲԼһսϣģ˭õһǹȻȻƻʳ񣬴мƻʲǿҲģһ࣬ȻܵλһҪڵľ磬ûǹҲҪ޹
Ϻ߹һ˵֣֮Ѿӱỹʲô塣ְɹŴʦΥʲô˶ĻʹֶȥҾͲȺˣһãԼһʲô취֣
ȫԺأԵĻ£˲̿һĻ
׺һף˵С磬Ƿ޽һͬڴ˵أ𣿡ֿ˫֣
϶ʲôڵģ㿴ǼŮһТصĺúӣ˻кһѾžۣͬһҲˡ̫̫һЦȻ޵Ĳ
ӲТ캣޵
֣ŴʦȹԺɪ
ߣкȻ˺߹һ˵˭Ҷ׼һ£֮أһ޳ӰãһֱԺˣ


295 ײ
̧ͷһλ곤ÿ续˫һɫ·еɱޣڰħšɱÿսһηħɽںϵħܺˣܵͬʱ˷аħ֮ɴ˶ϵɱӳأ֮ǰǿֹһӺأħѪõͨķ֮
ûл£ݺᣬ˱ɫʲһȻо߲λ۷壬սɱ⣬ĵһɲ֮С
޶
׼һ۾˳۾ԺΧĸĸҲ̧ͷǵĶӡ潾˧վڰգ˵˭Ҷ׼һ֮ư磬һ˫Ŀȫɷһ߸ûһ˿¶ȣ˵ɱͲֻ˵˵
ǵĶӰһѾҳɼĸĸкƺӲĿɽֻҪڣٲҵ״Ҳõˡ
ˣӦ󣬰׺ů
·޴Ӱһֱֱλ۷壡
ڵ·ѾľˮֵԼħǵ¾гԼɡ
ǰߡ
۷һλ۷壬һ֮Ĺʲһһӡֱӭ·޵һһʮ֮⡣·ޱԷȻƳʮ⣬ͣƬҲûУٴɽ纣أһչٴκѹ
ʲֻƳȥ֪Ѷˡû뵽ڶθݣֱѹ巢΢졣һһ֣һӡӡ˹ȥռĽɫֱýʮ״С˳ȭ棬һӡ·ޡ
䡭
ײǷ׷ײ࿹һЩ˵֮ܲ⣬ɫѿ
һεǳ̲أ·ֱɳףڿվЦۻء
޶İ˼У·һƳȻѵĶϵмǺһЦ˵û£ϼһӵĵǹõģЦɣȻûһλ۷ݰȻ֮˿۹ء
ٿȻأֱصһȫһ֮࣡
ȻʲСģ˫ϣһһ׺սʱĽٴֳ˳˰׺䣬ڳ·ܱƵó
׺˵ﵱġ
һһλĸС˭дȰ纣ֵˣˣֵˣҵĺŮ˸ﰡСϻƵġᣬ˼Ա
׽ӣһٴκˣ·޷ɳ⣬Ȼۻأһڹؽ԰һ֧ںڰ½磬ֱƷƬռ䣬һӵɱݺᣬһǰ˱ɫǵô似ôǶ֮裬ִ䣡
ʲʧȥս⣬񲻵ϻ似ܿ˾һѹﵽޣﵽԵ
һŹ˫ĿٴαˣȫʢнһȦһһֻǰγɣһٻ£𻷲ͷųȥ
һһӭȥһһȥһһɣײϣ¡¡ͬԺв
׺ȻЦЦǣˣѪȴҲˡԼֻмܣֵҪˡ
ϸǲ԰ס
䣬·ٴκˣһֻף֮һ壬Ȼ
ʻХĵ𣬵ڻʹϿսҡϢɢȥ
߽ԾԺ·괺Լӣ֣˵лл㡣
ɳһЦ绨Ҳлл㣬Ķӡ
ȹ·ϵѾһǰﵽ׵һ£ֱڻʼ͢Ժ֮ϣһѾӽ̬
ʲͷһĻϣ˵ΪʲôҪأħͷһ·ڲɱˣʮһʮСֻҪʱ䣬ܰײڽ£ޣ벻һʮСӡ
¶˾ģֻشһͬһɽһͬʱƣǰʮڣ˺ֱͣͣ˵Ȧȥ۷һͬ
ؼ似ͬλ۷л˳ȥ
ȫ֮ܣ񹦷ӵ쾡£ӭ·޵һ
һƽѣһһڶջûе
·һֱɵӰ٣Ҳ֪ɵȥˣҹʧˡ
·괺ͷ𣬲˽˳
˰̾Ϣһţһɳ꣬һҲļޣҲˡ
ʲһׯϵĶղеӵĳأӣһĶ˻ܲڸӾҵڣǰһһȥǰĵ̤Ѳ
˫죬סȫͬ
ٵģ˱·޽·ʣµĲʮ֮¶Ĳ֣˺ۡĿ磬ٿͣڰա
ãͷٽӹһУӮˣһһأ㵱ˣ˵ȻڷҵźҵļˣȻҾʹƲˣʮأʮûһСС񣡡һӣ絶۹ֱ䵽ʲϡ
ʲһ£˵ˣֻҪһûף˵Ķ滰һ۷壬Ȼʷƽ٣
һǱ·侲ԣһ̣ͻȻʧ£һѻ굶أҫڣһǰߴڣѾ񼶲еģѹʹ絶ѹһ㡭
ʲͬһһĿţɫ̾һΪһ̶ҡҷ
һ̣۷ԭʧȥӰһ𱯿಻ڰ֮УͬĻ̬ѾΪĻƮһ£Ȼһ𴸣ڴ֮ǰ
һݣһɭϣ꼶̬ӵһ𣬹âðҲܿðҲס䣬һȻ


296 
֪˶ãɢٴܱƵ۷ȫ·ÿɸֻڵӼңѪҺԿвðֹ֮嶶һţȻڣսδˣȻһЦ˵ϼһ㻹һףҵ͹ˡ
ллС˵Ҳòɱ㣬ȻͲˣΪʦǲѶΪ֮СѼ¡ʲžش·ҲﵶЦ絶档
ͷҲˣٷųһλ֪㻹ܲԴ㣬±ӱΪΪˣҪôΪ֮ϣҪôȥɽֵҲͦõġ
˵·޾еöռָֻ˺ſѪ۾ЦͬߵСӣ
·޵ֺȻһ٣عͷȥ֪òԼˡ
һ˳֡
·ȴϢ󣬾̸ܵޱߵѹܲӻʹһۻеСɣһһűɳջ
ߺ󲻾ãСĵһ˿صĲҲʹ˳һ͸ܵͬһܲһ֮£ѾߣﻹȴһƬɫħڽɣգǱ߸
·һٸ׶ħΪԭÿһΣ͵ڸħܿռһᣬʶܵвﻹܹ˵ЩɵнʱͿһĻ˵üأ֧ҪһһﻹܣȻħܿռײ£ħƬշ賤
ʲֹͣеϾٶ㵵Ŀһλꡣ
Ҵϴڹ꣬ôСɺȵħθڰգ档
۷һһһСԽСԽţ죬һ֮Ҳͬаˣᡣ
ħߣߣҲҰȻĽٴδǣȻ֮䣬ֱҪСɵħδɢˡ
Сɿ˿ϴ󣬼ʵ㻹𣿡
·޵ͷ˵ˣҵ⹫š
ǣϴЪŰɣҰѻʹˡ
ʲЦ׵ǹҲΣĶʲô˰һΪƻʹ治֪СĲ֪ߵغɵ
ЦȥСɵڶħռײħ賤ͬʱƮһħΣʮ״Сһֻǣ
ʲһû뵽Сӻһֻռ䣬һûöãħγһֻ˫Ợڰ֮ϣû˻عĸħܿռȻײϣڹʲ˴ľĿӶħγ첻ϣѾƬʹϵǧŵ
һЦСһϷŰĿλ۷񣺡ħҪˣʹж˲ãߣϴ˳ֻһ·㣬Ǿ
ʱ˿̵СĿһϸֳħƤЩ͹ЩŴЩȮһֻѪȻ£ռ䱻ƽһŪŤ䣬ӣһڵҲֻжһ·
ʲûж㣬߹þǰ·࣬һ۾ףһʤҲûϣˣ֮ʹһ󣬱ɷ档ԣɲǼ䣬ûѡܣǹעһٴλɻ̬𴸣Ѫӹȥһ֧ҫ۵ľ޴ռ䣬ȻСɵһӵһ

һЩر
ͬķɳۣǰһĻЩ
СɵһӹǱ꼶ħܷͬͻȻʧȥˮʧȥۺһĽɳ״Сɵǿһһһ㣬޾ݵħǱ޴ɭȻľ޴ͻһƬɳڿռʧˡ
һһݳһɫСӴķСɣצһž޴쳤һ
СһˣħοСȥ
Сһڣһɻ泤ףȻΣһռ¶ȺȻ
СֻˡǵصħѾС档СɷЦ֮ȻһֻץС
ǰһֻ׵ħ״֣һѽС棬Ȧתأ˫۷ŹĿһСЦӵͬħ棬·һľ
ͳһռ֮Сɽ棬С˿ռ䣬ٴοߵĻʼҹ
Ѿͬ·޵һսѾ˼޵۷ʲʧˣҷ
³֮˭Ҳû뵽ġ
СһҲûгɣɲǼֲ±ߵĵңͽŭⷢйЩϣһ£ףֱʮ׵ѪһȥһǧΪ촷ۣͷϵħΣȻĴ£ڰյСɣͬһֻ˱ħϺݺأ̼䣬һȺŵĻʼϵĻʹںɫ⣬ͬ߼̨󣬳һƬ
·һЦȻֶһϵܻ۵һ£һȫڻ֮СһƬ𺣡
ֵӶЦ¼


297 
ų費ֻ۵ĿҵƬҵΪҽ
ϴ˭۵⹫ţҲɱ֣´ˣָµľһˣС˲
¼ˣɫλϸǶ³һţҪϣ굽ˡĺˣ֪Ҳ׺䰡
׺ЦӣˣɱˣֻΪ˼žۣǻЩºáС磬߰ɣλվڻߵĻʼҹ̫̫һҸЦ⣬ɷʦڲɷѿĵǰ˶ʮ˼һ̻ϲᡣ
ֻڸ˶ʮٴյһ
ɳ캣ǿ޳ٸ·ϷҲܵĸߡһۣˮ޼ɵʱ
ڻʹһһλ΢΢ӵߣ̾Ϣһ˵ôأǸħߣ治֪ôγԯٵġøһԴɽˣԸͬһȥʱһҪˡ
Сǰ棬׼ҵʮм䣬еĵȻλһʼҽε̫̫·޶ʮδš·һ⹫⹫ȴҡҡͷ˵ŹɣǱؾĹһͷһλûʵۡ
·ֱλʵۣһ߽˵ˣұһ£Ҳɱ㣬⹫ʣһӣͷҼĴ浽㲱ϵģ˫ƽĲƽϻʵһԱ˷ž˵ϡѾ죬ʪһƬ
乬ֱӳҲˡв֪жɥٱʮ˾Ϳʮֺ߳˻ʹɵһĿţóһʮ׿ͨǹҲ֪˶٣û־
ԶɳһеĴ˷׷񣬴౸ֻΪ˷ֵĲ⡣ȺᣬϰգԴɽķȥ
һطҲиһֻһֻ˫Ợϻڿն𣬾Դɽ׷ȥ
˾ͷ죬Ⱥħһ뿪ȻͬһΣһôһʹ
صԴɽ׼Ұˮ硣
·괺ԴɽһƬά֮Уһλ۷壬һȺʥ֮УΪϱһʵ𾴣ĵܵ˰ݼٹ⡣
ǳĲĶ·ޣһԺÿÿӵĿⶼο
ƣ˻Ż˽˵үʱɸҴڡˡ
׺վһԵ·괺˵һȥӭɣǿǳǿߣڰû˵ǵĸǰһΰ׼¶ˡ
׼Ұˣͬһصһͬӡ
λǿһžͺǺЦòʦڣ˵·޻ˣСҲȥǣǾֻˣأ
׺ЦãæԸȥУ·괺λʶ
·괺æҪΰݣļģǿΪһҲཻ벻մ˶ӵĹ⣬ǿԼ
ʱ˺ǺһЦҲûжһ£·괺ȴҲȥˡ
һߵĺ˵˸öӣΪͱΪˣҿɲСӼǳ𡣡һ̱·괺֪ʵһ
õλˣһȺĻҺ˵һľһ
ºãòǧˣ˵һǰλ·ţ·ޣ
ʱ·һͻĶСùϢѾƵ˼£СɺĴֻ֣һһҹû뿪ĺ󱳡ǿҽּǿʶһİСڷħԡ
Сһϣλһ㣬΢Сı仯Ƥ͹ƽһţȮһѾԭģԽԽֲ
ˣ磬Ҳǰ׷ѡСȻ˵ﾹȻûаˣǰģһ˿á
·޷ϸ۲죬һ̾Ϣų
ûã
ܷžˣҲЩȰˡ
һôСҲվӣЦţŪһˮⲻѰˮǸ·޵Ŀռָ֪ٱĿռ塣ʱʶſüһСצ˺
ƯС̾ţͲͣ
·ް˿￴λСܣϴСɣ쳣ϧһ࣬ԽԽħ
ʱСĽС·޷ԸģʱŲðʧ
ʲô£·ʡܲͷ
ү룬ԺʱɣͬҵĴˣҪ㡣
ûա·һ仰˵꣬ȴڵվֻų⻪
Сɣа취ˣңһܰﵽģа취ˡһĳŶȥ
ʣСһˣɿܵǰ棬ֻһۣʯĲˡ
ſţǸͬһı۶ȥŵһ¶ε̫ˣֻħ
žԼС¡˺һصԭĵطȻռһһͻأĳǰ΢΢壬йС˵ˣ·ʲôʱȥ
ߣңңʮǰͲὫҶһСطңܰγԯٵĴ˰ɣĺˣ֮ǰĸΪʲôƾʲôΪƭأʮ֪꣡ʮôģҲȥģοѾλħˣһӣڻȥǸӵΪƭô
˹ͣС˵˵Ŀ·ԣԴ֪γԯʲôܱ֤ġֻѪŻبŵͽҲûܰν壬ӿ㣬ͬһȥɡ
СһЦ˵úÿ⸱ӣ㿴˵
ЦⲻʲôģǰСҲ˼ҵľ֮ͣҸ˵ֻҪһȥڶ죬ָܻԭӣٲΪС·ˡ
С̧˺һᣬǿ껹ҡҡͷ˵Ҵ˵ҵģòűˡ
ֻ˵˵ƾʲôﵽأҸ˵ˣû˸˵Ĵ󻰣͵ȵȿܲﵽ춯֮ħռΣ
Сɺ߹һ˵ôҴ˵Ļûģ£ֻҪ˾ģţһﵽҵģ
ߣ˱Ĳм˵ǰƨҲǣ
䡭
ħܲСһ֣
Ʈ£һʧڣȻûӦеǽ
˵һ䣬Ҵ˵䣡Сšӵɭɭ
ǣǣ´ˣٲҺ˵˵Сˣôʲôʱͬ»ȥҪԳɡ˲Ӳ˵
ѹң
ǵģСˣڵħңջȥ˰ĺãС˵
Ҫȴ˵ܰҵģС˵
ãҾ͵ȵȿֺ߹һȻĿռһԭʧˡ


298 ý
·޸ϵʱλѾͬ׺·괺һͬ鷿͸Ͻ鷿һţһ۾ͿλǿߡæǰǶȴЦŰ֣Žһ
ռʱһ㲨ڵͷһ̾˵۷ˣѾǣһղģ˾ηһ׵ôأֳ̱һ˿Ц⡣
ʱЦ㲻˰ɡħаܶɽֻҪǻס꣬¾ͲһͿأԿԴɽڵһȵġ˵ţ뻳óһֻӨ͸Сƿ֣µķŵǰϣ·˵ߵʱ䣬ͷҲûб£ͰһƿҺκ˰ɣмǺȹҪйͨʳеС
·޻ûôһߵİ׺վһأﾹȻЩлǰҩҺرöζŽױҩѽ׼·ͬڴ£
·괺һر㾡ҲҲ޴ɵõرó˵Сһλ޳׺ˣҲҪʥĴ˵веıﰡϣҪд񣬵һܹȥǺǵЦ
̫ˣһƿûôʵû취˼Ҳֻһٰʮ־ŽױҩΪħܵĳ֣òǰƣȻЩ·ѰһصأƻʳӦò¡
·޸мæͷȥһڵûһƿױҩüͷҲֻʱ֮õ
·ǰСĽӹֻӨ͸ƿСķռָ֮ڡ
ʱʱĿת˺ϣڵһۣ˵ҿûô󷽣ңʲôҲûС
ЦʱЦ˰ɣһ͸ܵóɡ
̾Ϣһһʹóһֻƿţֿŷϣ˵ͨҺͨɣͬʱûʲôҩܰﵽˣ·ֻܿԼĸˣһ֧˱ֻ̣Ǳҵˣ뿿ʱģ˭뻹֮¡֪绹ħ֣֮Ҿ͸÷ŵڣ˷ˡ˵ҡͷ
׺俴ϵôСһƿҺ壬˭뵽ĶһֱӽΪ񰡣һƿҪ޵ľ˰ɣλһ̱ĺڡ
Ȼһʮһٵģڵͷ
׺̾·ͬǺ˼ʮļ벻Ұ׺Сˣӽ֮󣬺ҵзԸ·޲հ죬׺Ժ޲֮
ڲŷãһΪȻｫڳɵۺ㻹ѺҲȵ°
һЦ·޾ַڵϿͷȥվ·޺Ȼ˵һλǰ
ʱЦʲô˵
·˵λѲˣλǿ߳һȡ
һüʲôҪλڳ֡
·˵ǰԵȡ˵תȥһʹһϸݵһˣһף
Сɡ
λʶ̽ӵһȻ
ħ񣡡
ǿ󣬲ħô򵥣վһСɵʶһ̽أɫѿ˵ħռ䣬ôõģ
СһνĿŴңҪ˵¡
λǰľƤ£ħܿռ䣬ԭĵռ䡣·һС
ʱ˿ڣЦ˵λħߣôܰһλħأ˵Ƕ֮ôþռأһһ˵ռ䣬ޣô࣬Ҫҵܾʧôüͷۿ·ޡ
ʱҡͷ˵ѣһһҪʱɣλСѾħ裬ǵȲˡڵռ飬Ϊ°ٸһռ䡣
·һʱʧٿСɡСȴûһ㣬ЦƺԽѹԽġ
·޺Ȼ̧ͷʵλڳأǶλټһλ۷ڣûпܣ
۷ڣеȻõһλ۷ڵֵǶˣͬʱʩ֣λҲʱӦ£Ǳռȴһܰ޸ʱԥ˵
·ֳϲ˵Ǿˣ˵ܰģ벻Ŀԡ̣˵أΪֺλڣ·ʱһ¿ڡһһУž޴ġ
ΪѰεͷ˵Сһλ˵۷壬ҲСһ̵еʱ򣡡
·޺ǺһЦǰ֡
һأڿЦáĵ׵ܰһƬ
òɡССһ䡣ֺãΪԼʱħɽĸ֪ڴ˵ܻǵһˡ
ȥҡ·˵
Ŷҵ˵λǿߣ⺢ӳȥһջٰʱ˵
·޵ͷ
һ£ͬƿҩͰ˵޹أҾʱ˵£ȸҩ˵ġںȻ˵
ʲô£׺ʵ
һ¸·ޣ˵
Ŷ׺һĸǺҸɣ
ߣ֪ʣǣҲǣֻ˳ˮǰ׼ҡǺԶ֧׺仹֪ģھǰ׼Сס
Ŷ׺ӽţ־ȻԼУɲǺ¡
˵·޵£Ҳ·һۡʱ̻Ǹĸ֮ԣӵĻ¼ҳ⼸ǴبžͶ¡·괺ЩڣӵĻҪͬģ¿˼ˡ
ӱ߹λǺǣ벻ɣ֪ҺҵѪڵһЦ˵
Ϣȫ׺ԤϣһŷӦ
һµŮôͬҳϹϵ
ߣ㵱Ȼ֪µŮҲ֪ɣһһ֪˭ôĸҲȴкܰһ㣬ҵǣٹʮʮ꣬ȫµдҺҵѪ˵꣬ȫӵ˶òŮˣ
ǴֱʣػܳڿҲȫã
¾ͺðˣǰýǰ׼ǲҲӦġ׺Ц˵Ҳͬ޶ĸ£վҪͷСͬŮйĪ֮ΪŮ׼ңҾ뽫ֻǿĸС߶ȣ޶һ֦㣬Ҳ뷨ֹǱ߹һǻ壬һŻס괺أ»Ҫ⣬⹫ϣ׺ϲЦտתͷ·괺
ʱƺѾˡ
·괺뵱ŮԼһ߾ǶʮδأȷʵһֱλΣ벻ˣˣ߶ԷҲλһ֮׵Ĵ壬ҲŵԣȻ˵ȫƾɣϿõĲ
û䣬һһԽûиһСƨҪ˵ϱ
һȥȴǸĿˣû˵һ仰Сɡ


299 
Сɣﶼǳܺ˵·ʾ
ɣ֪ǸĳɶҲҪۣСһ
Ҽġ·˵òΨһһλʸ߽Ůӣ˵ΥģֻһֱŲ¹ŹλɺڱԸ򣬵û¡Ͳһɺ֪¿ҪѹһЩʱյġһɹʱ⣬Ȼһֱûͱƣ·ҲһֱÿС˼ܿ
оλѾйǵȻ嶯һУɶĶģۣȻܵû¡
Լѡһ·޾ϼҲóˡҲʧΪһ취
λСѣ˵ģ˵Ů֮òҵСٺʲˡ׺ЦⰻȻԤıУȻʮֵ⡣
˭СһųƱ˵˵Ҳͬ⣡ҿ㣡˵þУ磬Ҹһõˡ
̲סЦ·һСɵ֣ܳȥ˵СӿɲϲõģȻһʱҲһٽ
һӵ˹ЦʱǺð˵Ҳ˼
Сɻݣ·Ѿ˾Ҫһ磬ʹȥԶС
˾˯ڰ׼ⰲŸ·޵һԺڶһ磬·һſۣͿԶĶ洲ϣСһֻÿۣһĿ۾ͨ죬Ȼһҹδ˯ӣһϣСһЩһֻ۾ӵѪ죬·ͷһ𣬼æ˵СɣҪȥһطԶɡ
뿪ԴɽôС۾һһ
·˵ǣͦԶġ
˳ϴϣѰЩԵģСɳһͷˣ·ȴֱ˼̣Ų˵ߡ˰׼ҴԺ
֣·޺ſһ˫С˵ſڴұϣҸȥ
Сԥ¡ʣԶô
·˵ǡſұȥħˣȻħռġߴſԼȥСԥ£ſ·ޱһչ˫ɵεĿȥ
һ̣ʫ续
СһҲûд˿̿Ļ
籡ɴĳڳûʰɫʣСɵƮ¶ʪĿߵϼѾǾĶǵĹСͷϵ·޲ʵıϣȻ۾һֹ̣ˮһ̣һֱȥ
ʱķУͷһηɹôԶ··˵һ˼Ϊ̡֮
ɽһƬɽȣֱһ˫˽ȥϿʼЩĶܿһЩ޴һ𣬼ʮɰľһ·ǰ̧壬Ѹپȷ˵ݣȥ
·ֱڵض֮ǰСǱ۾ſЦ۰ɣǵˡ
ô죡Сֻſ۾ǰһĻЩˣĿľЩ࣬ǶںУһЩɿӵضдڳһˡ
·ҲúЦС˵ǺģΪʲô
·Цͬĸ£ǵҸˣټǾˣǺǣǲʶ
Сɵ֣붴ںСɣһ۾ܿǰߵĴ磬ϾȻˮ͸ˣһλߣرﵽ۷ߣູܳˮӦǺ¡СͷһЩᡣ
ԽԽȣ·޲ܻ𽫶˰档ֱҺӣС𾪵Ըӡ
ǵı̬ôҵطģ
ߣǱȺ߱ƽģ·˵Ѿ¯
Ĺ˳ĵϣĿͷȥ
ԭʼˣ
Ǻǣ˸СħͷնһߵСһ
ģҵСܣԼڵĿռٴ޸ͦģΪ˰Լ˵ħ塣·޳˵
鷳鷳ԺǱˣܸ鷳ֲǴΪʲôǸ˵
·޹زֱǿͷֹ
Сһ㶿Ĵ磬УϴǸѪӣǿͬеһƴģˣ޳尫һأ߰ͷ­һ¿ĵлڵĵϡ
һףǸ˵Ҳװ㣬óʲôöôҿǿһȤĶСϡ
·һ㶣һߵСɣ֪ǿţûҪһͬˣһۣСһĿҪ͸ӡ
ʲôʾ·벻СϻʲôλԭʼȤĶ
ǺǺǣһһСҵСˣŹǲϣ˵ʲôԶʹ죬㵹ʹˣأҵĺúһֻһˣҪ㻹һһҲݰɣҪߣ˵ʵ׵ıСǿö࣬Ҳһ飬˼ҵصص̫įˣ˵أСޣ
·һסˡСԴӵС棬һЦտı䰮ޱȣҪó²ָѡ
ԥ£·ްȻ˵ܲ
Ǹ߹һҲˣҲǸСԭʼ֮
Сɿ磬ӻóǸʢСпռˮϣСֺףӨ͸ˮ棬üɫСζﲻʱ³ЩãСɺȻһЦˮŵУ˵ɣǻ磬СϲģΪһֻĻ
·⣬ϲ˵ллСɣԺһֻƯġ˵Žˮڵϣϻңһŵ棬ˮСͻŻ棬ˮռƺѾݲˡ


300
СɿİСƺҲϲҲһģٿ
ԭʼ񷢳¡Ц˵ãϰɣ˼Ҷ֣޸һ¡
·СԼ֮ǰıǰ֫ſȥԼϵĻ串ϣⶴл
ȫɣԭʼ޸Լĵռ䣬Ȼȥһλǰλںͽڵħռˣ֮ϢŲöãͻΪһλˣʱֵٷ£Ƕô¡·һЦ˵ţûѾСɱŵ˫¡
ռ䲨һһº͵ĴƳ·ޣһŰɫΣסСɵ壬ԭʼ޸ʼˡ
·һϥԼ֮Сһ·ĵܼ磬ĵصϢݰģõ֮·ҪֻϢܣǸĻֻҪһֱطɳˡ
ƿױҩڲ񣬳ǳֻǴؼͻƣһ֮·ǰС
һ·޾ʱ䡣Ҳ֪˶ãһƬžУϢѹ
һۣСɾֱֱǰһ׵ĵطĿתĿ
ϰɫ˸Ѿһֻϵĵռ䡣·ϸɨӹϲ˵ѾɹһˣСɣҾҪȥºλˣԴɽ˵žҪ
СȴһסȻʵ磬ǸʲôСѾͷ鰡ŵþˣ仰ʵþȻЩ
·ôЦ㵣δɩӴ㲻ðģҼλ˵ʵȻû˵һֱоһܲҲ֪ôоҪҵģȢҲδɣ˵ǲǣҷҪģں˭飬Ҵ룬Ǽ۵£ǻǱˣǳ
·˵ֹȥСع·޶Һһ񡣺ڿĵطһɽ֮ϵĵطǿӵŵصҾԭʼʯ񣬾ӨȼšԼĸ£ɾڵһٳΪ޸ְСܣ·޵ĸмûܹ
ԭʼǺǵЦţֻŹעֻˮ򣬶·ٲᡣ
Сɸˮֻûд򿪹ˮռҲҪˡСڱĶסߡ
ٿһۣȻ·ͬСһͬȥ
ˮڣСѾͬСɼˣ˶ߣת塣³ϵĻ
˶·ްСȻȻķıϣûа
·һչԴɽзȥ
ڰգûɳ·ȻһµĴҡ·ֻһɼҵѹԼѹ֮£Ȼ
һмʮ׳һ۵Сҡһ·Уһ·ųһ棬׵Ļݵʾǿ󲻿ۡСɾϲĽҿСˣأ
·޲ôܳģ
˵ţһɽҰ𣬡ҵ
СɷЦ˵Ǹ϶ǺֹסܰųˣܣмˣҲҰųǸ̫вˣҶһˮռ任С̫׬ˣЦ
·뵽Ǹԭʼ֮ҲеЦ
СɵߣȥķУٲ뿪
·ǰСںһͬҸȥһ·СɲסŪҲнһ·СЦϣʱ̡
ʱļϣʱ֣ͬʱ䵽׼ҵĴƺϡ
ãв֪Сۿ
ʯ˲ŴԺһʮܵƺһȴ·λħ˰СɡֻС
ʯЩڡԴӵ֪⽫İ·ϣһֱѹԼʱɲߵڣһ˶ص·Щ֪롣
Ϊߣ·Ѿڵļͬ׺һͬȣֻӵķݣȴһ룬ܲԼλôĲࡣ
ˣСõܣʯӭȥ˵һҪеġ
·ЦЦһĳŮ
һӰվڰʯʱͬ·ĿϷһƬƣȴûеͷȥǰһ˵·磬ȥѽ
ŶȥԴɽ·е㲻ڡ
үүʹ㼸ΣҪأСġȻһЦϰĶֱ·ҡ
һߵСغһ˵˭
һλħСжţʱЦãҽλСɵô˵˲СѾܴ۷ˣЦȻ󷽡
СһƲ죬ֻһҺʹˣ߿ĸǡһסСһһ׳룬ˡҲ·һۡȻ
·޺ܾԲ˵鲻ã⡣
˭þ仰ݺǺСһ£Ȼתе磬㵹ͦϱģأŮĳøƵģ㲻ñ
һ仰˵ԣ͸ˡ
һŭˣһʲôã
СȻֹعͷ
ʯʥѾеװ룡ܵӿ
ǺǣСˣһܰȻĿռһһЦײڵħռ䣬ڵħһƬ΢̵ħڣһЦĿŶԷ
ʯһֱ·ޣŸӵĿСɣΪһ񣬾ҰﵽүүǣҲǿȥӴħƣˣǿСҲֻײռˣеѪѾǵ׿⣬Է׶ܵʵ޷ͬն
ߣС쵰ΪǼ椣Ҵ磬͸СүҲСүүЦôҰɡ
СɱƢĻǰ˭Ȼħܵ
⣬ħܲǵأڰ·ʯѾɫһħʥһ̫ˣ࿹һ֧˲ȥԷƥһ޵¡
Ȼ˫ӭϣһһӡһ衣һӡǸͽӡϵǺܺõһ似ˣֿӡСɵһ˵һֽã۵һͻޡѪٴκ¡
·̾ϢһȻĲܣһɽɽĵƣȻĽӵСɵѪϣ죬׼ҴԺ
ﱼ
λֵһˡ˳ʮ⡣
СɿһеľȻԼĴ磬һ£۾Ȼˣ޽һããΪǸŮˣңã
һ壬ʯ׷ɣֳһͬؼһħӰ˲λ绨ŮħƮڹһͬ£
ǰֳһΰĳ뵽ǿ˭Ҳ벻ʩչȻǿһزʥһȻĶסƬʵһֽűֻһͷħⲻǸˣô
·ֻٴγ֣һ֮ͬľףеԺڹ֮
һ˸Сɷ˽ʱܼľˣʱֻϵɱƶԷɿɽһ
䡭
޼ɵɢһ˱ɳȥվס˳ʮסɫľʮ׼ҺĻһ˿İ
ͬ춷𣿶ù
ʯһ߻ʧɫĺ˹ȵףԼ·޵Ĳ˵֮ǰʲôĻһҲûˣͲһȼϣôȣ˼ҵһԼǰǸӣʲôģ
̾Ѿʮİʯתˡ
̧ͷ죬һУһȫŵ·ϣûзְʯȥ
һ·ޱʮף壬ǿһѾǿ֮ĩʱ۵һѪ罦˼Σڵϣվסˡ
ֹͣĶСɣһֵĿˣСɣ뺦簡ȫ
Сħ۵һޣһתߣһȥ
ռһʱ׺ѾڰУô£һ·޵ӣŵ˼æͬʱһ͹ȥ
·޿Ц£˵û£⹫Ƕˣûˡ
·괺æ·£Ҫ뿪Ȼи˵·ô
ȥһһ˫гᣬڰգһĿŴҡ׺ڳǸһɷڰ
СֶǷСǣݼǰ
׺ͷ̷Ƿҵ˲ᣬʱʵ·£
·޻عͷԺǰλʣϵǷСǲϵʱ˵ԴɽѾڴ·Сеһˣǰ֪СһֱռǰһλϣΪޣһֱ·пͬдһû˲šǰһλҲиۡ
Ϊ˲ûһӵܵĸ˵Ҳзִ磬һɰȻƻй¶·ޣǰһĿġ
Ҿ·ޣ·վ˵Ӯˡ˵תߡ
ˣκαԶûȤͬڹʺҪҲա
·ޣһ±ˣǷСɲ˵һ£˲ģϣóʵ֤ûп㡣
·˵ҪҪһԣʲô塣
ˣֱ˵ǷСͱˡ
ͬһҲò˶ʱ䡣׺һߺȻ˵Ƿõ壬һֱͬ׼ԣͷҲѹһѹǵơ
⹫·޵õͷ˵ã㿴ʲôʱıԺЩûա
ǷСһЦ˵ƺˣǾɣڵȰԣǰ̨ܲһٴﵽǰһĸ߶ȡȻһЦЦЩḡ˵ʲôҲǰǹѪʲô˵õֶΡ
·˵ãǷСǶĿŹ⣬㣬Ű׺һ˫һչˡ
񫡣·ߺ˵һ䡣һλʣԼŰأ
׺Ц
ص䣬⹫һָֻһʱ·޾ȫָﲪ֪һмһĪսЩĹǴ·ҲΪʲô
һֱһߡʱɳȻ˵޶λħԶ㣬ѾԲ˵׼ʲôʱħԴ󷢣Σյġ
·ҡͷ˵ŶӣͬһˣҾȹҲһȹңƵ֣ңܣСһأȥ
ɳҡͷ˵ܾСЩŹֻ֣ǻ˵Ϊʲô㻹Ǹҵĵá˵ҷŲ
һӡ·˵꣬´ˡ
ȥ׺˵ɳӣͬļҵôûʹ㡣
ɳ˵Ů겻Т޶¾ͽɣҲŮĹ
ߣᵱʲôǱ߹Ļ壬λʥ޶Ҳ䣬кڵĴýҿ¿˵ʮȫʮˡ׺˵ţĴЦ
·ԣЩСɣ֪ⷬ롣
鷿߳ԶһӰӺӰеĿ·磬㻹𣿡
еʡ·ЦȻûˡ
߽һֻ֣·ϣʶ̽˹ȥ˻һֿ̾·˾ܰһûӾģֲǰǰһĿ㣬Ȼһ
·һЦ˵ҲʥˣŮмǿˡ
Ҳֵһġ
̸̸˵˵·סСԺȥ
»ˮ˶ЩԳ
ֵܺװкܴ󿴷ûѽЩίԵһã˼˰û뵽ԶԼӡǴûе¡
⣬˼뵽ʲô˵ʲô˲ԺദˣͲˡ
·޲ã⻰Щ
ţһúദġϸãӰĵװϺһƬ
·ͣϸǰλСһɴһС¹ײסһ¹ºһ͡ǳ׵棬á
ŵñ˫ۣһСӾȻ΢΢
Ըô·߽һĶߣкӴضȵϢֱϡ
š΢Сüûڿʲôۼ
·ްѳֲסȻͷȥ΢촽ӡһ¡
Ǵ֮Ѿ·סСԺԶȻһħ·ſ·޼æ˵ȻȥɣС£Ҫȥ
˵һ䣬Ӱԭطһʧˡ
¡΢ʪ˫¶ڣһεȡ
󵨡ûкӸҶкʱ޴룬һַͷλ·ͲС
ãء
ͬʱԶӰһ뿪ˣк纣·ޣ·ޣ޵ô
·һݣͿСɣڴϣһ϶Ǻˮ
Դס˯һԴߡ
ʱ˿̣СɵӵֲǰħУȮͻأ촽ѣһɫƤڰϣ͹ƽ֮ͬ档
ʱ˿ϢУħ࿹ĵѾħѪʶһƬɫһһʶ
·һ˫ıϣϢһֻҽַ쵽ڣѹеħԡ
·һ룬СϰͬʱϢУһ
СɴϢת
ֹˮʱƽͬϴһաǰȴѾ˴Ӱ˺һֱΪԼˣСЩ´ܲһҹйæѰҡ
һһֽǰȻ¡æʰϸ·дģҳȥ죬ҡ
䡣پûˡ
СһʱＫҡ
·ûչ˫Դɽ⡣һֱһ죬ſƬʧСºһС
ϣ·̧ȵҲûˣãָվСɽ򣬺ȻĲܣ˫ֿǰһɱޱ߼ʵӿҹĻչȥ
ռٿһһ˳ںߣһϲĿ·ޡͨΣǿߵƺبŲݡ
СѣҿЦƽʹȣһֿ
·һЦ˫ֲ䣬ǿռܵ۾
·ްε壬һǰͬ·޵ȸߣɭȻĵ⣬ĺ˵ĳأͬ㷱
һĶȻǰʩǰŲС࣬ȷʵټһվһ⣬¿ã̾Ϣ˵ͷųɻ굶ҿһһۣźˡ
·ЦˣֻĿֱ£Щݡ
һξô
·޵ͷվûж
ºǺһЦ˼һתѾˣʵ˵ɣʲô£㲻רΪչʾģʲô˵ܲܰﵽ㡣
·Цˣ̧ͷ죬ܺȻĴǣԭٿʧˣһֱذĻ̬ǰ޵ںߣ
ĶǾ󣬼ýס쳤ХһһХںϴʮ֮⡣һһСλΪʱΪ
½һγŲУڿͬںԺһ죬·ȴһ·һ˫⼸ƣڱ֪Уķм˼س̾࣬µŲУ治һС·ĽùǺԼʲôʱܹƾء
س̿һʱԴɽʱ컹šֱԼСԺǰ·޼еܽڣһֱĲСɣһۼڴǰѾǻˣȴ
Сɣǰġ·޽
Сɻع
³һ֮ת˲š
СɵǰȫħˣҹУûйһ·ǰһԣʶѾѪħʶռȥСط𱸵Ŀһۣ·˵ȥλǰƳڵħռ䡭
˵꣬Ѿʧſڡ
λİĴڣСɺȻˣ޵þ춯أòֹ¿ɫռ𵴣һܹȥѾסʶ
һӣ׼ҴԺˣͬʱλ׼ңʷٹ⡣׺еļλ߹·޵СԺ⣬һ˿ҲҷһСϵ⣬ԺĴСվм䣬λڻҲˣλ˳֮ƣֵסС壬ԺĴһ纣˲Ժֹɢ
ԴɽóΪ֮ͬܣ̣Ӱ
׺뼸λգסʵĽŲһ֮ͬ⣬һ𺳵ĿСԺ
ܶﵽ޷صλڣڻƻ΢ͬ޾ǳ׵Ĺֱʡ
һᣬһЩƬǹɢȥһһħѿռ䡣
ԽԽ࣬·괺ɳҲһֹͬŲ˵Ĵš
һʱȥ·СԺ⣬Ѿн߾ţ𺳵Ըӡ
һʱȥ·ϷǰһеĿŶˣ˵·𣿲°ɣ
ɳһЦҡҡͷŶӵĴֱʣɳģȫǽöλˣԴأҲҲֻĶ˵ǻǻĹ£ǻô˵ľ˵ŽһУ˵ĵȻλڵľ׵۵Ķӣȴһκ˶ɵ¡
·һֱվԺģ޾ĳ뵱۵ķɣԼгһҲһΪϵĳߣǶôʱ̡
ʱţһҹĵȴйȥûȥԽԽࡣ
һĨϼʣλڷԭûܼžˣλڳָ֮СǳĹһɢһħռ䱻ƳСѾȫħţһ糯һʵ֡ʮ֬һ˫۾ſģ濴һʡĿЦƵ·ޣһˮγɡЦˣЦ糯ϼ
ֱʱλǿ߻ûӻָתԺ˾ʱҶ෢һԺŲû˸Խ롣
ȻҵһӼҴҸʰ׺䣺үҼɻ𣬼ˡ
һ仰ǰ˵
֨һԺ޷Կڲ˵Żŵģۡ˵
ܲ룬һԺ͹µǰ˵ɣȥɣ˸ˡ
˭ü򲻵ǲʱġ
Ҫ˵Ȼһ飬Ű죬һˣŵúư˱ûԹ
ûҲѾһͬתͷȥ
һˣü信һֻжʮϣȻЦⰻȻ۴䣬Ʈɡ
ħаܣ
һζĿˡ
һʱ
ðħܡһµſ۾к
һۿ£ħһЦøˡ
Ǻǣ벻ҲڣڰСǺǣһһ赭д˵
仰˶У׹ôԶ׼йؼʱ̳֣һɵĻλڣδʱҲˡ˿ԥĳ֣˻һڲͬ˻ָ˴ܣһλ۷ڣûʤ㣬ολǿڡʱɫħĺ̫ˡ
ڵĿȻ޳ָһ̵ĶϣǼǿŽħˣȡõģа̶ȲǽǮܺġ
Ž
ҵıһǰմԭʼشģ֪λħô֪ϢȻǰᡣ
ڷһֶܱγɡͬʱĻʱˣһλڣǸѵõĺûᣬλڣһλħڻǴ´ࡣ


301 ϲ
ħû뵽һλڣһλѷ۷ڴˣ⣬ʱһЦռ𵴣Ѿ̰ԶȥλʮλҲ׷ȥһʱǲϣУǷгţͬһݶȥ
ã޹۷ħܵħٻò֮ħеĿռʹҪӣܸϵϡָܻ룬Ȼ
ûҲֻＸˣŴӴɱܵñ˭뵽Ȼħܰпţʵ͵ˡ
ڿ˿·ޣСɣʶ̽ԷһƬϲɫ
ħռѾˣСɣӴԷˡ
Сɿϴ󣬵һͷͷļԱֻؿ͵ģֵͬһλĺӡ
ƽһߵʱȴ˫ü΢壬˵еĹǣ֪λħѾõ˶ٱŤתǬһУһҪģʱһѡ
ǰµͷ˵󷨣Ϲʱħ۾󷨣˲ɱ˽ʮ˿ڣٳһƬħһٳɵۺ󣬽ԴڵһƬħݺᣬֱ۳ָ꣬¾ٷһˡ۲ûܵħܵģΨһİ취ϼһҳأһȻŪһλħ۳ԴؾͲˣΪǿߣҲ˵ȥԲס˵ġ
ʱ˵ͷ˵£ͬһ˵֮ǰ֪ϻ۷ǿߣͬλŴ򲻹λħаܣͰϣŵλ·Сϣħܳɵ֮ǰڳɵۣԶԿλħǿ֪λǿߣҲͬһ˼λȵ⸱ӣ·СѣҲҪ·ù˫£յöడʱ˵ģȻصﶯͣЩ緢ٴλصԼʡ
ţٲˣ첻֪ħܸ£Ҽǵõʦǿ׼ħɽ벽ΪʲôȻҳˣʵ
ʲôʦһ㶡
µͷ˵ϣ˼һ£һֱΪʦ
λһǰλȻϣ۵ͽܣθһݾ֮⡣
ʱ˵ʧʧԭ۴ˣ˲𡣰λħҲûа취ٲɽڳɵҲٻʮˣŸðĴŤתǬ󷨵ķЩħһأ
ʧɫԭˣֲãǵȲˣ²˳٣ϱħɽɣϳһ
ڿһЦ˵Ҳһʱ˵˵·޵¡·ϾͿԳǼϼһȥħɽɽɲֻһλħܰ˵жħħʣɰϣϣҲҪѺСϣ˿иǴýӦ£ȻͬļҵǸСѾͷһȥ߹ȥ˵а뱾ϢģҲйСʱͣ;һҲйصġ׺䣬ϽŮȶһͬȥ߹Ѿͷǻ壬ܴ빬ģǰ뱾Ϣڻʹ֮ڣ
׺Ӧ·괺һ֣˵㶼ˣλǿ߶ڣ;ɡ
·괺·ͬĻλɳ
λʱȺһȥ׺ֻ֣ͬõʹͷĥһߺ죬޾ס
һߵ·ȴͬһ㣬ֻпŵķݣ̬ĻᶼûС
·Сˣ׵ˣһСʹȺУʱֽűӹ졣
׺佫Լߣ֣˵ͬԼҲû𣬺οͬ㸸йԼҰţҵȻ֮Ůί޾Ҫް׼ڵĵӡ޶ڼҲԴɽ˵õˣҲ㸸ĸ˵Ҳֻи˵ķݣôλǿΪ֤ͳɾǵĶ֮飬ǰ겻Ĵ棬úᣬλǿΪ֤Դɽ֮ʷϣʷǰҰ׺ҫ괺޶֮ʹзҾʹŮһ£ȫԴɽǰòá
׺籼ףȥȫ̫ˣû뵽Լ˷֤飬һŲϵԣиǹâ䡣
Ǻǣ㻹¡ЦϿ춨£ҿǼŻؼһء
׺ͷӦ
·괺ٹ棬Լн죬޸пӵﱻ֮ʱԼĶˡӰĻ뵽н֮ҫλǿΪ֤һλΪϱʲôɱģԼصعŹԵĹʦһһ֡
һӣкᣬĬĬԼĶӣһ۲롣ԶĽ˵ʵʮٸϼҲþһԼĶӣֻҲ֪ˣ
·괺Цã̩ɽ֮ԣ·ļҺӵ¶
˿λ꣬һݣһò绨һ֮ӣһ£̾ؼעһľ䰡˺Ȼкãס
ЦܸС˴ϲʵѵãҵÿʲôõóֵĶ
׺䳩ЦضΪ֤֮ˣ׼·ѾǸмˡ޶֮ɣ
·һԼû£˵׼ʲôˣȻߺһһ棬ȡһָֻֻߵòҵݸ
·޿벻ʲô
˺ЦһƬвʲƽԡ
˵Ŀ⼯еϣҲһֻҪλСȻһ˼еȵȣҲͬ⡭
һ㶣˭ʱֹһΪ֤˵ĶѰȥȴСɡ
СӺˣϰ׵˼Ū촽Ҳǵɫˡ۾һɾȻ֮ɫèһһ·޵֣ĳߡ˵ҿŶ󰡣ͽ飡ǲҪһ۵֮·ô˵˵ģôҪأжЩ
Сɣ֣·һΣһ͵ͨ죺Ҳǽ飬Ƕ飬ȥ֮·һ𵽱߹ȥȱ֣һ˵
ŵĿһ⹫͸ףǶλѾܲƵĿŻָСɡ
Сڰ׼ж׺Ҳ˵ʲôֻǾùֵֹģһСֵܣ綩绨ĴɩӦǼ˵£е̫ˣˣֳϣӦóĻ
СɴӲ˵ķӦֻһеĿλϴ
ãûСҪٿҵĹС˵е
˾Ŀɿڴֵô˼ҵĶ񣬻˵˼ҲãǲҲˣ˿ţͿһ㲻
һˣۿСɣ֮ǰİħ滹𾪡
·޿ЦãСɵЦˣطȥٸ˵
ڸߣˡСɼе
㲻֣ʲôʱ򣬿ȥ·ó˴ɣɫ˵
û֣ϴһͬôò죬͸һñӴôòһ°꣬ͷϾʮӹøʲôûǸʯҪƵģϹ𣬿ôճճġ
һ˶ʯˣĿɿڴһĻЩ˿ʼЦһӦϷǷƣЦϣҲȥˡ
·ͬʶһĿСɣϺ׽档
ȺİʯתȺ֮⣬ֻһֻֻöܣʥһܣƿ˴ԣͷҲ̧˳ȥͷѪ氮λЩмСɣ˵һֱ˵˵Ļ
׺ȫ³ֵݺݵĵλ֪ߵغСɡ
õһ£ʲôң
·Сɾȥ
Ƚݣٸ˵·޲ɷ˵Сϸ·޼ҪڣȻһȻܴǣһѾһ㵯أһѪͬʱֶˣȻĻ˸ΣȻѾɫ
СɴʱѾָʥһħܣħܵһﵽ˽ףȻѸײڶ֮¡
һֱ԰СʱܺȻĲҲֻüǰ֧һ֧òִ٣ֲ㣬Ȼһ׵ĽˣѪǰϰ¡
أ·޺һѾˮĳࡣһŰϵǿǰͬʱסˡ
䡭
ײýͷѹһ£Сɳȫ۶ģһǸеļˣ
·ޱֱ˳ʮ⣬һ˼ĿСɡ
ʲô·ȵ
һԵİ׺һû˵ʲôֻ֣ǰӣҲó·סһģҲһԹۡ£Сħδ˿λڣǿҲһĿСɣ˵˻ⳡʽҲӦ·õֵô
СֵܼĴ֣λһʱҲ벻òóּԸԤ
һʱ䣬ȫ˶㶿λôͻȻĹ¡
꣬С۾Щˣ·޵һȻĴǵǰȻľѪ
䡭ڳĸͬʱܣ׺䣬·괺ɳɳùǺ׶ӷѾ֮صˣô񾭴ңҪⳡأݲýһ֧Ʒ̴̹ȥ
·Ҳſ˻ܣܻȼգֱ˳⣬޳壬ܻڡʱѾ·ߣǿҵкϢֻҡʥһĴı֮¡
һĻСɣͷһ赶£·һͬ档
ͬʱ¡
·һʱ޴룬סˡţ۷ſͬһ׻һ㣬ƾСɵѪ£
˵˶£СɺȻֹסеħܵ·ʵϴȢŮϲ
·˵ôˣСɣĹܲģʲôΪ˵˵˵ͺˡ
ϴǴûᣬҲɱܺãҲҾ㣬ϲСѾͷ֮ѡһѡ˭ֱ·ޣĿûһ˿ЦЩ
˵ʲô·ļˣȻ§λһҹѾǹˣʱڻиӵļ
ܱôҵĺֵܣõֵܣһͬģҵδӣȻǸĸ֮ĹܲģҲûʲôģ㲻ò𣿡
ҾǾ˵ˣϲңѡһ㣡ûң
Ƕ벻ôˣš
·ŭˣ˲ûƢֻû취
ԣϲδޣѡҲֻѡ𣬰֣ܲܲڶء
Ļû˵꣬С£۵һѪӴӿһЦЦñȿ޻Ҫ룬Цһ䣬Ȼһ֣һֻʮ׳ɫڿնķϣطʮ׸߿գ·ޣеʮ꣬ɣһؼң
ռһһͻأذУҲоܲỺĸڰУͬһƬҶӰɰ
һȥֻʮӢ׳꺺ӣһͨ·һƵĿһߣλǿĳǿߣͬһȺµµΪĹڡ΢΢С˵õģС㣬ūʹؼҡ
С㣡
˻һȫͬʱסˣ˭Ҳ벻һкӻкӵСɾȻλŮӣ
ʱһоȫ˵ͨˡ
·޴죬ŵĿеСɣһʱӲá
С£˵ϴ󰡣ûû˱Ҹϲ㣬ֻҶôҲǸĸģͬһǸܸһСӵ˰£ϴҲˣҲ֪ܲټ㡣ϲ㣬˭ϲѾøСӵ׼ˣ㲻Ҫǲǡһʣ·һۣһ·õ
۵һѪȻϣģԶȥһټȫޡλʮһֱǰһͬʧߡ
λ񰡡ʱ˾˵


302 ̨
ĴΪūһʲô׺һ˶벻ͨһײҰСһŮӣ˵ô
·괺ʶӣ˵𣿡
·ʧǵСʧķֻһҲˡһ𼸸ԼȻûǸŮӣȥǰԼ߳ĮһħߣȻƴ˵ħɽħԼӪվڶϣˣֱ֣֮ʵѾһ˵ǸŮӣԼûоĪᣬԭ򣬻ΪʧȥԼⳡ飬ţǲ˵ԼΪŮӵܵġ
·괺òٴһ飺޶㲻ô
·˵˵ģʱȥүүͰĸӸϳţ˵ŵĲǼѪĸǵ߷С檣ֻõһС䣬ﳤ󣬲һħܣľ衭ӺܿģСĺܿ
ǰԶĵϣС³һѪѾɫȥȻ
һֱĬĬ·ޣͻȻ仯λСһЩ޴룬ܿ춨ΪеһԱʶҳԵĳ̫࣬ܿٵĺĴҳԡ
µĿ˿׺䣬ʱѾŭ졣߹һ˵ҪǸŹֵҰСӣ޶Ǹûˡ
·һعͷǰСһһ׵ӣЩĶ⸱˭Ҳӵ뻳úðοһ
ȻҲˣ
ϣһֻƵ׵Ŀռָ͹һ˫İԹ
·£Ȼ۹ⲻĿϵѪ
Ŀģ
ʲôһŮӣѪ˫һļ߶ĵĿƺʣϲ˭
·۾ָ⹫Ȼ˵⹫ȻһҴӱ߹˵Щҡ
˵תߡȻܴţ۷ܲʮ֮⣬չˮڷУٿһ£Ʈˡ
һʱûò
׺ʲôȥѲߣ˭ҵõ
ɳȻ˵ɣĹĸĸûеվЩҳ߹һ˵˵òã
׺ɫѿ֪Ҳֻܵȵ˵ΪѵĿһ
ڳⳡͻȻ仯裬ʧŭ֣һ½ţתһ
һԴϲĶ飬Ʋ
µһûüͳʱֻ÷ŻػУͬλһȥħɽˡٴҲ󲻹ƽĺҲ·ıȥħɽħ¡
·һ·񱼣ֱʱȻ䣬ѾԴɽڡ
ڶ죬λڳǿһͬȥħɽ
һ죬ԺڣһѧԱǾһ£˶֪˷ǷС·޵ĵ̨֮Լ
༶ĵ¾ŵʦԴӵ·һ󣬴Ѿ˴ĹۡһѧԱܵ½޾δ¾źܲʵʲô°
˵¾ţɣһͬȥ̨·ͬǷС̨ܵս
һϣ¾Ѿˡ
ץһƿƣ¾Ŵ·⣬ǰˢˢʮλѧԱ
ԭǽ찡ǿȥ¾ԸоѧԱǵһɱһ˵ȣʮһͬԺ⣬Ƕĵ̨
ǰÿ굽طһһսֱǰǰʮ־޵˲ѾԽԽ١ǷСҲڵһλϴ˽ˡ
ڲǱսȴȥսһλ֣λҲǺܲԸʲôǰġЩڵ·νˡ
ϰ˵㲻Ƕͻأɽ⣬ߴʮףǧƽ׵ϣѾվˣԹ۵ƽ̨ԼĹУҲվˡеֻΪ˿λ׷ɵ۵ʲôӵһˡСۣûΪһƽ֮սӮ࣬Ҳ˷˶עѺһʤ
ŵʱ֣ǺȻһһһˡ
һɫ£·ɫЩ㲣㲻մĵڱ˵ָ£˵̨ǰҵЦͰȻ̨ϣһƺһ硣
׻·磬ֻоϵı仯ѾȫȻˣЩƵ·磬һվͬһʯһͬһһ
ֿȺߵߣе·磬㻹𣿡
·̧۾΢΢һЦͷ۾Ѿ˲ɣ׻ĵһЩʹĸо·۹תʮλֻͬͬӹڶˡ۹ÿϻÿﶼһůĸоʵһ㡣·ľѾ̫ˡ
У·޳зŴ
һ󣬻ǷСǰ·޺Ȼóһʱ˸Һ򿪺һһͷȥ֮ǰƿͨҺѾʶ󿪣Ȼһµľڣʶٳһͻ֮ʶڣӵȻƵҲ·֮ǰЩ仯
·޴ʱȵҺʵ˫ͨҺҪǿöࡣͻȻ븹·ײ
ϵˢ·ȻȻڴʱ˵ؽһ֮ǰչһƬҰһĵ̺ϿգŴСһǳ
ϢԽԽѸ٣һţѾٴδﵽޣ·ֳһ˿ʹ֮ɫȻһϣ½·µγһ塣
һңͬһһȺˣжٶˣһɫ꣬ɷĿ˵ӡǷǷҵСһǡǰһˣλѾʮĴʣǷСܣԵһˡһֱڲųҲΪԭ峤ϵ֪ºһֱΪ˾̫ǡ
·޽ύλһ£ѾôΪ£ԴɽĵλѾͬСɡ۴սӮڷǷ˵кôὫǷҲ˴ĶϣгԸġ
ֱ󣬼žǸԼж㣬ҲЦǷһߣǿƣҲǹˣܰѵͷѹô
ԶԶķǷСѾϵ·ޣҶƾ·ʯһ㡣
磬УʶʲôǷǷҵ׹һߵСֵܳ˵·һ·ӵһֱѹһа
ôţôǲţһʮСӣжΪֵԴɽڴ˵ôҪÿ˭Դɽꡣ
һ·Ƿһ·ȥвǰѡ̴ʲϣǷҵǸֺ
һ·̨֮ϡʮ׸ߴĵ̨нǧƽţĶٶһ̨ܸ֮ܲϣͻȻһ١
˸̨߲ȥ
·վֱ֮ѹ˹治ôһԣѹüѷСЩԲˣҲŲ
ǷҵЩСŴĳһ
찡ǸʲôĶְ
ۼ̸ֺ̨ϱɫѾ˳ˡ
·΢ͷȫɣ˫۱պţһ
СڸʲôʲôаʷǷСܡ
ǷСܴʱеԸӡУĵһͷ֮ǰĽȫȥֻʣ𺳡
·־õˡǰһ΢΢зֲʧơ
·޻΢ͷһϴվطѹÿһӶӡ
ߣȹһûӦķǷСһ·ּıӣһ䣬ͬʱ԰ڣһ̣ƲסŭķǷСҲͬʱǿƥķܲ
̨һţһɳһҹ⣬̨ȫɫ⣡
˺Ȼкá
·ѹֻϵ̨˲ӦõվýԶˣֻõһ΢ңȴ֪Ѿվסˡ
ǷСܷܴţ̿סĿռ䡣̧£һһ·߽ÿһȥǺȻһһ¡¡ĴͷѹһλʱſܵķͬСɡǿ·޳ӰԷܷ缤üҶȥ΢ͷŶԷܷײ΢ڣǲ˰벽
һһӡǷСվ·޶ʮԵĵطľ룬һλһɹ
·֣ҾͲֵԴôǷС˵ֶ˵ܵѾ⣬ɫ뵶ܲӵͷ⣬һӾ׵ľ룡
һᣬ·޻ûֻϵıѾ֮ǰʹֱΪƽڿͷŵ˾ͷ·һһ޸ѾƵĸ
ʶŵ󣬶ڷǷСܵĵſܣܵÿһһλʵĹǲҵĵģҲȫԶԡ񼶱ˣֵƻʳ֮ʣ·޾ûҪΪһûжĴ򶷣µһţΪյƻʳһһߵŶԷĹ
һƣеҲȫˣ·׵ԼѾǿͨǵľȴﵽٷ֮ٵһ̲ͣţʶȫһּ֮СԼƺܿԼȫÿһ΢Сĵطÿһϸÿһάʶ޸ţţǷǷС֪ڸʲôһٴȥ
˸һϣʲô
ǷСܴʱ˿ͷѾŭ֣бԽܵôӣһҲȥˣԷȻƤҲû̧һ£ƺ˼ֵһᣡ
ͺһ˹
ܵһӡһеؼѻ˳ȥ
ѣһӳܾͽ漤÷صһһӳǰֱѿ˸ֲķƽ桭
·΢һ¡
һڲᶯҲûдҲܣɾʱ˿̵ľոֺϣûǵܲǿܲĳײģȻȻȻ岼ܲѾ㹻ˣҲûãֻǶԼѾﵽ񼶵ܣȻܲޱ߼ʵ޾ɱȻѹһХǰֱòϢ
һƾ·ǰ޳ȸߣݵһе·ǰһ⡣
ǷСܵһµؼϣ񱩵ķѣһ࣬ͻȻ伣ˣǰ絭ᣬ΢¡¡ĵĵ˶ֹ·˵磬˵ͬŻһ㡣
·ȻϢһһĽľ죬һҲûܵ
ǷСܴۣĵױ
£ҲǾĿɿڴ׸ղŵһŵ˭ҲҪ˱ܣҲҪȫԸһôƾյʧˡ
ô£ǷСѵ𣬷ŶԷһ룿ģȻ˵ȥֻ֧һȻ˵ܵһǲģ
·޿ȻͬѾʯһ㡣
ֻһ¾ѾⳡսĽ֣ʼƷСˡĵȻΪղž޵һ֧Ȼ˵ٺ٣ô
áСҲǿûˣȻһҲûУҷǷСܹܺ裬ݣҵ׹ɣŭһغȻһڹƵһ׹˳ȥ
һƿأ谵ķסƬ壬һڹ͸˳һﵽ׵ļµزܵԴɺ󣬻ǵһǰȫ㹻ģһǸûߵļһȥ¶ĻǾֻˣ
˺һֹסˣ˿һУþĶǣ
Ŀⶼ䵽Ǹ˫ۣһľϡ
·޴ʱһޱߵſһ˫Ŀ
Ȼû
ֻͦЦĿŶԷΪȫʩΪЩŤף۵һȻʱЦˡ
Ӣϴûеɣһǰǵ˵һզ쿪
䡭
һϣһλʵһǴ·ǰ˵һɱ£ȻԼ˹ȥһǴһǰȥ·Ҳڴʱǰһ
ֻһͣˣȴһǰ߹ȥ
䡭
ײһһºȻȥ嶼ҡΣ
ָ·ǰ߹һһôʷǷС˵ұߡѵ·ҲһͬеܵҲС࣬
ص·Уõǰ˿˵ǰǰôҪô˭µս̨
ƺͬԷ˵
ԷûнĻ۾Ѿٴ̧ȼյս⣡
ôЩ̫꣬ܵˣôҲܽܡѪϴҲҪⳡϴпʼ𵴣ʼп񱩵ķХŴڱܴﵽʥһʶҲͬһɣǰ֣ʮһҪڽ콫γ⣬ԷųϺݺһ
·ƽĿ˵㲻һһǲǣǾɣҲһһûſķܵȥȻ͵̨ͬһͬʧ˵Ļװƣ翴ʲô񲻰ôĵĶҪһ̨·˵Ƶᣬ˶Уһذѵ˴ľ
Ҳ̫ţ˰ɣ
̨ҲмˣǧƽĴ̨ӣ֣ҪССһܵʱҲ˵ƾʲô
СܣˣˣɣѾ˵µķǷҵĵӣʱ֮ǰһѾ֪ܵʲôطȥˣȡ֮Ǻ𺳣仰һҲΪֹ·һҲûгأǷСܿѾЩˣٴȥ˵Ǹֲ˵һˣôؼҰһλеţǲݵĳްκμԸ⿴ġ
·޳λǷСҡҡͷε
ͬʱǷСһ飬ϵķܺȻ˫ֿǰҪγڵ
ռλз
ȻǷСȰε壬һ˫ּڣһɣ˷ɣеһҶľ޴ƥǰһﵽľͷһһѵһҴһֻ緫紬һѼʮ״Сһֻ׵
һ֣Ͼȫĵѹɽ˵ĸоǷСܻӶľһȵͬһɽܶô˿
ˣҲֹסˣһֻ̣ѵƬռ޵
·޻ҡͷȻһ޴ܲѾٲһܲ޾ݣǵأƺͣϢչ
һ·ϵͻȻʧˡ
ʱ˿̵·޳ƮɣܹеĵѾѾǵأ޴ڣһΪһ·Դɽܱǧڵɽȣɱ˲֪ޣջ˵⣬һõеһУ𵶣
ʱ·κ󣬺ȻһĶһȥܶʮһѹûҷ
ʱ˿̣ڶܣ۷ʵܷĵУ
䡭
һǵ⸲϶ʮ׿ռײصײһ̣ŵĵ̨ѾһƬƺХͬǧ˺ѷεĽţƬռһƬ֮С
ɱĵһȫˣĵһףľͬʱڳ֮˵ϣ鹲ң֫ͬڵµԼ̨֮ˣ
·޵££֮£ݺ۳ң֮£̫Сˣ
ٿһ£ǷСܵһɣٻ·ѾûܴڵĿռ䡣
Ȼģ߶ܣܵĶԿв֧˸ָܷܣɫĶԿѹ
ĵķǷСȫĽһ̣ˣջأѾſ˷ᣬӶӳƬȥǵѹ֮£ӳҲֻ濴޾⸲
ⲻ似Եʺ֮£ûģ
ǷСܷһУɣˡ
˫ֱͷ˵ϣۣѹ£³Ѫ
Ȼסˣ·޺һſһԱ˵̨ڷ֮ŵǧ̨춯صľ죬ѷѲȻȻըʯƬء
ϧˣûʲôǰˣ̨ˡ¾Ŷ¶Щϧ˵
׻㿴˵ûµģҲͻбֻ̨Ҫʤ֮Ĳ̨Ӵ治ڶνģֻҵ·磬˵һأĸЩ
ʲô񰡣Ѿһλˣݣûսˣ㲻ʵ·ͦ¶ô
ǰԶߡҪһСС˵۾һ̼־
˺һӣְ˽ŵĴʯǳλǷҵûôˣֻǴһ˫ܾȵ۾ĿһʱԶˣ
еĽ
·޺ᣬɻ˰׼ҴԺ
˺ܾãһȺ׼յĵ̨׼ҴԺʹǻ𣬺ֵһҹߣ
׺伸·޵СԺǰȥȥȴûн롣ʱȴŮŮͬһͬصСԺƿ·޵ķš
·޾ڴţԼĴߵλСɵġû뵽СɾȻǸŮӣһİֵ֮⣬벻ٴദеһλֿѣ·еѹûܶͻȻͬʱʧȥһλҪõֵһλˣͷһᵽġ
ʤûʲô̧֣ͷλףЩĮ
޶ոմ˷ǷСѽԴɽڵڴ£һ˵̨׳ð𣬲ǰǰϵҪˣǺǣǾҲģС޵еġ׺Ŀ·޵һٱ˸ˣ·Ҳͺࡣ
ӣ֣˵ǸСô
·޵ͷ˵ôǸŮأ벻ͨҸô죿˵˵
ɳЦ˵Ҫ˵ͱȥԵִǲĶɡ
һ仰پûн˵ĿԼѾذĶӣһ͹ˡ
·޺ȻһЦ˵˵öԣȥɣ·ڽ£Ǻǣа취
ţʱʱܰﵽ˵£¿ÿЩȥֻҪԼԸͺãȻԺкڵ£̫źˣʲôζǰ
ԣҪҪҪ£СŮȷ˵·ҵһ·
ɳЦ
ǺǸСǿһ౶񲻸˵ҾͲһôŮŮУˣҲӣҵţѵˣ׺ļˣվڵȥ
⹫ҾǿңȻҲߵģ··˵
׺ǺݺݵĵԼŮһۣ˵Ҳ㣬ǰ⹫£ܻҪİɣĸܵϼһһЩɡ
·Ц˵һġ
ã׺ȵľ仰Ц˵ؼң
·Ŀɿڴ뵽¡
ȥ߹;ȥĵطҪİ뱾ϢʵѾͷҪȥţ߹ҪڹڴѡλʿʦʦҪȥȡʦһְ˼Ҿܰﵽ㣬ܴʹɵСӣ롣׺
·һ룬ԼȷʵҪȥһ˱߹;һվλߣǷöܴ࣬ܲϻʹȥɣ˼ǿԼɾɵˣԻǰѰҪõöࡣ˼죬˵⹫ֻܲ˰ɣ
׺Цǣʯ˾ɳͬһȥһҲչˣͬ⣬һͬɡ
һᣬ·޵ͷ˵ã
˵һлһ½飬һЩϵ£ʵ·Ѿ⹫֮ͬϣǶ˵Щע
ҹ룬˲Ŵ·޵СԺɳȻ˵СĲ𣿡
׺죬˵ǸĺúӣֻǸҰСӣ䲻ҵ
Զ·޾þߣϢУþòųȥ
ڶһ磬׼°·ʼգûп·һۡ
Դɽһֱ򱱣ƫعŹĸһһһ·ɽˮǧı߹
һҲͬʱͬһطϹȥ
˴ӵλӣһλżһλũӵˣ΢ͷϣһģżһ̧ۣһȻ֮ϡǼʮ˵Ķ飬λСЩ΢ˣϺɴڣߣһλ༫ɷһ޵Ŀġ
ŮлߵǵС˴Ӱ롣
ºӵũ˵£Ѿ֪ͨиĻɽڣμͬʱڴһˣǺǣϰľӪŵȵ죬ٲɹˡ
ũϺһ˵ʲôҾ⣡һǰ棬Ŀж׳־
ʱ⴩һ統꣡


303 Ʒ
·Ϸֹһգһ߹߹ȹŹҪһ˿ҲԶ࣬ǸСȡ
ĸ뾩ǣһǾ͸о˲ͬǰаٶŶǣЩҳ̲鼫ϣҲмʿϵû壬òóһֻڽʿǰһΣͷϸһϹ񣬳ǰ̹һƬϰոǷز
ó۽ȲߣһЩǰŻʰ񣬰ʯչȥһǹڴн˲ţʿʦʦɣзʢĽȥ⣬߿󲻵õıҩ似һȺȺΧڰǰ۲ݡ
·û˼ЩһֻʹҪϣ۵İ벿Ϣ
һ˵ûȥʲôʹȥңһ߹壬ļҡ
¥ߴϣһŴﵽټʯһֱ֮ڡ˼ţòʲôˣ˽ӹǵƥͨ
ҲˣɳԴɽ׼ҵڶе̳һʼ֣Ҳһλǿߣĸ˻û߹Ժһмʮűӭȵһλߣ룬÷һ˫ѩɫüë˵Ѿڰ֮ˣȥҲʮӣüĿ䵹ڷֵƣļμ̣Ҳû˼Ůɳ죬һסЦտеֶ̫ˣҵϵܵܿһۣܺ
Ȱ׺껹Ҫֻ꣬檼ڣȢһһûһҲмʮ֮࣬ѾͬɳĶŮһҲԴɽһԭͬĸֵܽҲмʮλͬһԺڣϣŪģŸҪȥֵʡģͽŮȫȨֵܰ׺ҲһȨͼʡʡ
̽ɳһýԸ߰硣
λ𣿡Űʯ·ޣ˶˲ĳڣ÷ݣʯûٷ˪Ƥϸй⣬˫֮£·޾͸λӵܣһĻɫ£Ϸ紵ɹģȥȻȶʮİʯҪ󣬶Ҵﵽ񼶺ȥһԲһ㻪ʯͬʷֻĿģһλеĸ֡
ɳЦλҵɳ֮ӣӽ·ޡ
·ûֻǶλһźͷͷͷŮɫܲλʰ˽ף·ʵ㲻ʲô˵õݣһֻǷܸ߳Ǽһң˵˲ãҲֻĸ׵ķݡ
·޵в䣬ҲһּɳҲ·˵̣öӼ̡ʯй
̴οȥסһ̾˲ųڡʱϯѾ£˽á
ļҵĴ·޴۽磡ֱʮ⣬ֵһΧԣϰ٣˼λгϹ⣬ڵļ֧֧ߣ˼ʮλ̵ĶǣӼʮ굽ʮ꣬ͷٸҲǴŮǲģҲĸϵ÷
ɳף·ʯλ㡣
˾λʣȫҲеĴˣļҹϵܣ׷ྴ
ɳҺѡСƾʯͷϣڼݣƨĵǡô֮·޾öֻ࣬ǰ׼ҵݣͨȥҲǸëͷСӣȱƣһǧ֮ӣʼҲһƣӹһЦһں£ԱλԵĳԲˣ·ԳԵרģһֻһζϣļ˾ôʵûʲô
ҲͲ
һᣬ·޾ͳԱˣҲǣ
ʱһλʮ̵ڶеҲ֪ϼֵǳõһ˲ţļ˳öܳڣһͦ֡Űɳ죬Ȼʵ֣ǰ죬̫үŻ˵С󸮹ӽ֮סأ֪ǲλӰ˵һڰɳ׵İʯλϣɳ⽫·ް˰ʯ֮ǰ·ҲûʲôֻļЩ⡣
λ׵ǰʯһ˳£Դϲ˵Ŀ˰ʯϣһͬʮоţλٷļһһ˵Ƕλƫ֮ŮüһλŵĴ֮ļСǸǶʼСõһĺá
ɳһ٣Գһ˿Σ»˵塣֮ǰΪ϶£ȴ˱ʣеĸһʱҲ˵һ٣λӸ²ʵǹôǸϵһλ
̵ȻģʯһţΪڿģһʱ䣬ĸ˵ͣʳĿͬʱ䵽ɳϣ˵
ɳ첻ԽֹĿһߵ·ޣλƷϵһϵȲˮ
ŰɳĿ⣬ļһٶŷ´½һĿ·ޡ
ɣҲǰ׸ˣǸݣ
һʱֹͣһײһĿɿڴĿ·ޡ
·һ̧ͷ˵»û󶨣С£ҲǸᡭ
һᣬ﷢һ
ԷֶǺȾƣԵĲˡСŮȷʵ䲻λӣǡ
ɳһ죬˵ҸڳɫСһогϢҲ˻СӻûãǾ͵һȣ±񲻺ϣʵҪ·һǳȻˣԱݵҲÿҲǱһЩĺá
ĸ߹һЦ˵ЩȲҪˣǺȾƣ֪ʲôʱϵĲٴξ۵һֶ˴͸ɵ㾪춯صĴ£
ɳһ㶣æʲô¡
ЦСŮҲΪˡ߹ڴѡιʿʦʦֶܣһ֣øʦǼ׵ô
ɳҡͷһЦ˵Ϊ̧Сֶˡ˵ʦһְϵҰΣҪοһ֮ˣѡ̨ϲá
˵ǵģμΪÿǿԾټסˣ߹ЧġļǻգȨȻУǼȻˣһԣҲļҵĴ󹦣ǰ׼ڱ߹չҵҲһξõĻᡣο깱뽫Ʒ
Ŷǵǣ׼ڱ߹һֱûʲôҵԼаǵʧΪһλᡣɳͷתͷһۺߵ·ޡһ䣺˵أ޶
ļһ㶣˼õİɳҪⰡ
·û˼ȡʲôʦʦھ˾˵ʻ£Ȼ̣ǰ˵ϢⱾ𣿡
˼£˵˵ϣµİ벿һֱڻʹ֣֪ʵǲ벿
·۾һ˵ǣ
ǺǣСΪʲôⲿ̷ʡ
·˵ʦȨõⲿĻһҪμӵġ
̵ͷζĿ·ޣ˵ʦǺǣǲС£ʿһλԣʥлȡùʿһְʿԹʦڴʦҪﵽ񼶲еġ
Ŷ·޵ͷһ֪ʵôʦǲȨǱأ
ļ˶ĵĿ˵⺢ԭӲ⣬˵˵񼶲гʦĿܣôأΪ˭
̵ͷ˵˴λ˴ģΪ˶ԸŵĴӹ˲ŵİ취֮ϣŵ벿Ҳ˳Ȿ˵һеҲڴ˸ãΪʦĽƷ˳ɼ˴ĵġ֮ڹˣƽʱ˭뿴Ҳǿġ
·ڵվ˵ôͷǰ·ޱɣҪ
˻һȻвСЦ
ˣʲôأ
ΪԼ˭
˲С˵
ΪˣĿһԵİɳ졣
ɳ֣˵Ȼ޶ȥ鷳ˣ
ļˡ仰·˵Цɳ˵ǳһÿϣ
ֶ˵λСѡ̲Ĳš
ɳ΢΢һЦ˵֮ϡСֶǲȥʲôʦģԡ
ɳߣ仰ھһ㣬ļĿɿڴ


304 ǹ
׼ҵ˰һԺڡ
һС¥ɴһ뷿ڣļҼλߡΪ׵ЩݵŮǸ·ʲô·˵𣿡
ãСͷûߺ죬Щ԰ס
ﵽʲô𣿡ʳ˶쳤ӿ۾š
ף˵Դɽиǰ𣿡ŮȻʵ
Ǹ߶֪ôˣ
֮ǰУǰһķǷСܹģǧƽ׵ĵ̨һˣҲûе̨ˡŮ˵
ã̹һһҺȢ𣿡
Ц£С˵Ҳ֪
һˣϢ
ʮ󣬱߹Ĵѡοʼˡ
·ڵһ˱ԳļʮдУ̾Ϳļҵ硣Զóһ·⼸˴ҡڵߵ̨ǰ
̨ǰѾ˲°ˡжǳдԱһλ佫ȫؼף˵ؼʵҲǸװΣʾⳡµĿءⳡѡεԪ࣬Ҳλ۷ʡԣһλݵߣһȴǱ߹ΨһĴʦˮ˾ꡣ
׵Ѿſʶ̽˴еΪʦһֱõʹڵǰ벿ϢҲעϳһ̡
ԪļΪӣǰЯʺһߵİɳ졣վߣǸλþ˵˵Ĳ̽ܣһ˵ȻԴɽ׼ˣһ׽˾ʶɨλʣҲͷ½ģһ̨ͬ·޸ں档
̨Ѿĸλʺ򣬴һٺѡ
ԽԽ࣬Ҳӡ
½ôԪ
±ҪԱӣ⣬ڹкϢԪ˵ڴ˳£Ͳǿһͷˡ
˵㣬߸ſʼһѡΡ
һϣλߣᣬ֣̾мȥһ
ͷһѡιʿļλҲްˣһޣޡɽ˺ĺ˷
·ڰɳһֱųϡ
ڶϣһλһˣֱܵװԶһλʥҲϻһؼλĽ޺ȥ
ȥûһʮ㱻ˡ
·һ㶡
ɳ쾪ʣѡǿ˻ô
̽ӵӦòᡭҪȥһߵԪȻһ˽ӿ˵ȫಫ˭ܿó汾£һʼȻҪͣܲЩŵɡЩתͷȥ
һλдԱһƣȻλ׹С
̨˶ӭ
үˡԪǰ
ǺǣĴ£ҵȻܴѾͬһһ߷һ˵£ڸλˣɡԪ࣬ǲһ¡
ǣǷүӢ档ԪӦԸȥ
˼һϾͼ˸ߡ
һüϾҪļϳˡ
Ȼ̨ϸմһ飬µĸеսЩͷѵף׵ΪҪֻˣӳ¹
·޸һ㶣оﲻԣֻһʱ벻ס
һǳʱ׶̫ˣ˵ܹҲΪһ̣ͬһƬɣ˳Ⱦ̨ϣƷҲܽ˴ɶȥڶĿȫе̨֮ϣļ˸̨»Ķס̨϶ˡ
սһλˣһ·ͷһݣ벻λʥеܱǺˡһ֧һǹǼټģӦѪеĵؽ
ǸУ
·޿̨µİʯէۡļСϲһ𣬶·޻ǾԶ֮
̧֣ڳˮ㲼ͬʱֳһ֮ââһգֶǰ׵ĺ罣Ȱ罣ȷѣһƬʺˮĻǰƬռ䣬Էȥ
ǹһӣӵúСģһأٿػг⡣Ȼ죬һȻٳ
ͷҫ
СĵľǹһӣȻǹߣڶȥ̨ļ֮Աǣ˽еʲôʱܴ갡СŮҲӲɴȥˣ

·޺Ȼ˵Ĺɡ
̨ԴӾү;һ䵹ˮ˾Ŀһۡ
вã˵׽Եؽǹڰܡ
˵꣬Ѿײһһմߣ˵̨ľͷ·ˣʱ΢΢ӣһѾϷ˳
·̾һ
߳һչһʱ̨ͬͬʱóʺϮ˹ȥϣȫСˬӢˣʥܲһ˸߹һ˺ȻѹͬһϣĴҫۡ
Χ˺ȻкãۼһǿƥԷƵء
ܲģȺ罣ǰ״Ŷ
ǹǹʱޱȳأǹ⴦ҵĺʵʣ̧һ˫ӥʽһһǶܱ
̨Ǵʧˣȡ֮һź쵽µһŻ棬һ֧׶εĻȻŤƬռ䣬Ȼƿһа˹ȥ
Хֱ˺̨棬һǹȻǹ˺һԵ׹ѪеĻǹȻ״ﵽǹһ֮ҲҪǷĸУܳһǹ˵ǸǷļһ
ӴϴŻͬʯдУһʱ̨֮ϣĿѣԡ
ûӰȥǵһ·һ죬ʯһһһˣһʰһʯ裬һֱ˵̨һϣ·ˡǰĻǹҵȼԼɼħֳ
һ̨ޣʱеĿֻϣ̨ϵ̲ɵվһҪ
·޿һλʯѾȻĲŵĿŴޡ


305 к
ۣ
һҽУһ֧۰̨֮ϡ
һһʤһλ
˿ȥһλһѪ˷ȥ۰Ҳʰȥ
·ͷһ壬ʲô֣ѵ˵ٿϣƴѾһܴţѾ˲Ϣ֮ء󣬺罣Ѿɶ̶һأҡʯҪޡ޵Ĵʾڷ֮ϣ˭춯ȴ
ͨ죬ѾΪˣԷǹһһǹ£ѹֻǼǣеĺ罣Ҫȥܲͬܣıһ飬ʶǼ̼ĻԻ޷ĴڶԷػ֮£³Զ׼ġŬתͷһ̨򣬵ȫѾˡ
Ȼһ󲨶ڿռγɣ΢΢ĿԶֱĺ󱳣һȻעڡʹڼ£壬һע룬Ļʲô̷ִٵĲ䵽ϣǣղסϵĺ罣񱩳Ȼ֧⣬һǰĺ˳ȥ
ѾڵЦˣЦڴʱϣһĲ죡
ôܣԷȻ˲䣬Ϊһλʣ
ǹһһ
һڹڿ˴۾Ŵ⣬ҲŴ䣬ʱɵ÷Ŷһ
ں罣ѹµһȻ֮ܲǹٴѹ˹ȥ
˴ľ
ûĶսս˫ȻͷʥɻʣҲû˵ѽ
·Ц£˵¶ĿˡĿһšһɸӺƵܲѾѹ˹ȥ
Ǵﵽָ֮մܵķġ
ǵһ죬˫ʯ֮£вٴͷΣƵѾסҲĺġȻܴǣѾﵽ۷һмХһ׻ǹϣ
¡
ʯɣһ̨ϣĺ罣ȫȻѹڶԷĻǹϣԵԱ˼УȻȥ
ą֮̃ϣɫǱǰһʣµĺɫʡϴӴûˣ
һʱӦò˺
ͷһɱˣǹͻȻܲĹͷŻߡҲûȥҰˣǹܲڶҲУظСΪ
̽סһãصСʱĸоһǶôӢȻŮʧ֮ˡ
䣡
һϣ촫һ߱һѪһ·磬û䵽ϣѾڰգ
˸еʤһλ
·ɫѿĴѰȻһ֯ͷ졣
Ե쳣ҲһԵԪ̨վλϵľү˵ǧ꣬³Щ찡ΪʲôЩ˵ֶЩĴţ־öԷ˰ϲЩԾô
үһ˵ҾͦãûʲôСֵģʲôǸĸ£ˣıԣôûˣ¼ּ֣ҲͲùıȥͺá
Ԫһүһ֮ɫٲҶ˵
·޿һᣬм˻ˣ̨ٿȥҲζͶԻĸصǰŵĶԺڣʼϢĵһҪ£òһʱԼܡÿ춼ǣǸȴٳٲ
һϰ˺󣬾вȨߣʮǿڶĹʿ
صĸϵλʮǿһʱ䣬ĸϲ󣬴ϯϣһŮӳļҵĴ֮Сϯλʤһֱڣʹһִӵص׵õĸоС
һĶƽʮŮУܳļλҲǰͽһֱдѹĸŮĳĸ뼸ҲһĿ֮£ŵңԭסĺԺڼҶ֮װһ£ƽʱҲϵȵĲϡһڡ۾ûɹۿԼŮ˴ϢΪһȴӴãȻٲһꡣ
ʣ
Ȼﵽ֮
һֱ˷֮С֪Ѿﵽ֮μʲôʿ֮ѡֱӽʦѡС
ĸﵽʵҲ˰ˣǼʮ꣬ϰˣ˭뵽һλõСѾͷȻǿʼ䣡
Ҳ𾪼ϲ
֮ϣһλһλʮĸʥ۷֮С˶ǰʮ֮λڻգ²ѣ˭Ҳ벻һʿ֮Ȼ֡
һʹ
˵֮սǿѾﵽ֮ŮλʮĶӾϣ֮
ȥ·ʿ֮λѾֿɵã·޺Ȼ˵ǰǲйʦ֮ս
̵ͷ˵ǣʿ֮սҲһһʿʦһְ֮ڲڹʿ֮£սңǰʮҪܷĸ˲ʦ֮ϼһͲ֪ܲӱˣ
Ԥףǰɹ·˵⻹һ·ǰ
˵Ǵʦ֮ĲʮˣСĸһϯ֮λǳɹˣҲĸһ٣ʲôҪҰæľ˵ǣÿ
лǰ·˵뷳ǰ·֮ȥҲʲôʦˡ
·仰˵ʣһļ˻Ϊˣһ䣬Сѵ˼ǡ
ǰ֧·޵ı·ֻ˵һ顣
ΪʲôСѷҪμӵİȻ
һߵİϸҲǴ󲻽⡣·޴У֮ȫǳϣ۵ȥģںȻ˵ˣʵڲס
СҲûʲô򲻹˳ͺãҲȡɣ˵
·ҡͷ˵һʿ֮ˣʦʦһս֪жգСӻɥ˵ĺáֻǷǰѰ
һЦ
Ŷ׹λ֪꣬ѶˣͷһЦ˵㵨ʶжϢˣһ²һ£йˣڰ׺ǰҲýǹһЦ˵ҲãȻСоϷհǣСһ׮÷ϡ
·лλɳĿ֪д㣬Ҳûϸѯ
һٷɢ
·ȸǳһᣬҲ֪ǲϬһֱСƷ͸˳
һһ˺ԺһƫƧ䣬վ
ʱɫѾֻüԷһӰӣ˶ʶǿߣһͬͬ
Ĭ˻ᣬ˵лл㣬·硣
·һЦ˵û£Ҫ֮ݣҲֵġҾòûаﵽ㡣
һ㶣ʣΪʲô˵
·˵㲻ҪȥˣһٳֵĻԼڲزҪ˿ҵʵ
ŶҲ룬Ҳ˵ãǼ˲ġΪ˵
Լģ·˵һ̨䣬ܲ׷´ɡ
ţǸ취ֻһ֣ҲλʣͬĻҪ߹ߵġ۹ȻųǿĹâ·ǰԼԵ̫ѷˡ
·Цˣһʮ˲ЦЦúܼ顣
ЦʲôǰúС
ûʲô·˵ֻ뵽ǰһ仰벶ȸں󣬿ҽУȸֻһֻҴСڼ಻Ϊ֪˵ǰ壬Ҳܻš
ԡ㸡Сͷ顣˵Ϊ»ȸŲμӵô
·̾˵۶ٻȸҶҪ˵ģֻǲɵƵһζɣȵȿʣһֻȸ˵ʦһĶûãϢһҪõģ۴ۣ
˵һ䣬Сվʱ䰵ӰһĿվɽһȻһѹ
кӣҲҲˣô


306 Ȩ
·˵ѡòųģȻðĵڲѡߣ˵˲ֻõʲôʦ֮ĶʲôԼ롣Ҳֻ˵ЩˣҪȥˣ
˵꣬תҪȥʶȥס֡
աͬʱһ
ûзſ˾˺һ
ȥСôȻʵš
·û˵ֻ˵ȥ˯ɡЩԶ£˵öԣȥɡȻûԺ˵
˵꣬СԺȥ
ڶ죬·ûгСԺϻļ̧ǵĹӡ˵ֻʣ°Ǹϱųֻ̂վ̨˵ˣȻתء
ļҵĵλû˶д仯Ϊ˶ΪλǿʣȫҲλˡһеġСﲻš
죬ʦ֮һʼ۷ߵɱ
֮սļʮڣ˭Ҳ벻ľȻһѪս·ʱѾ磬ĬĬվȺ֮󣬸ϴǿɱ⣬ѾЩʧˡ
ʯ͵Ĵ̨ѾѲһϵĶѾƽؼХȥ
һ޵ϣ·һ۾ϵóСȻ֣Ļʦ֮սܿλ֮Ļı󣬾Ǹصɽ֯·޸оԽԽˣΪеֵʮ뵶ܼһӲˣ˵һɸŵҲڷôΪȨ˭ء
·Ŀ䵽̨֮ϣλʦˮ˾ϡһֱھү֮࣬˵Ϊү¸Щ
ģ
䡭
һ£ʮһƳˣѾɳ̨ķΧڣǵٵشƥǰʵһȫ֮ϣȻһ죬Ѫɽ˾ȥˡ
ΧǲסˣһЩѾȥѡαɾսѾǵ
үһ¡ܹһһӣչһֻ֣ɽˡ÷顣
·תأûҪٿȥˡһһΣȻ뿪ˡ
죬λʦ֮λһ졣
ļһ˲ս֮ǰһˡܾϡ
ϻʱս֮Ǳ̧ظŵġһõĶλ˵ˣѡΣǲɱ
ΪʲôأȥѡβǿҪˣȥλʹ̻һҹ˯
Ĵʦ֮ս
ȡ·޵֣޵ĲˣһֿգֻһµֻһޡһԴ¶ٳǿֿϳ
·ֻһ۳Ķˣ˳˴䳡ɽ˺
޴ʹڰҲ
Ժһ鷿ڡûϳСһķŭʮ꣬ʮ̫ӺڸʴһСϣͷһٴ⡣
ʱ˿̣Ŀ㲵Сʵһ˺飬̤߿Ӧڵ̫࣬ȴλȷǷʸҡ
Ƕǹ֮񣬡ָ˺ȵɾŻȥˣҾ㽫ȨΣӹһǣΪ֮һԱͲΪ߹һô
һ˳˵ϣүҲΪ룬ڻ̫޴ү˴λὫʵΪά롣
ߣ˵úάȨǽάҵһһȻһٶҵλӰˡλӸǣòٶȥˡ
СȻΡ
ʱϵ÷⣬˵үˡ
һ˻ͷ˵ڴţŷɡ
˴Ӧһ˳ȥһᣬšһһŻɫµ꣬ŸӡԻ˵÷
Ȼһӣλϡͻأһæȥε׷ȥ
ʱλѾһλӳһֻ
Ȼɱ⣬СС鷿üȥ˲λʳףһ֮£Ȼܴǣһͷųеܵ˹
䡭
鷿ڼ޸֮ĻϱһҲ⣬ʯм䣬һ伫仪Ļʼ鷿̼Ϊƽء
·ûõڶ³֣һλ״һʳףͬСӵĲ࣬ѹơ
ܵȥҲһƬѪ꣡
·ûͣͣڿռһѾΰĳһλǰλ֮ǰѾӮһʿһʦλǿߣ·ǰʵ̧ͷȻһΪ֮һռֻüһͷϣѾγؽܵĴʣһӡźڹͷŹȥ
ӡͬӨ֮⣬˲ڰ֮У
ң̯ڵϣ͹ֻС۾Ҳͻ
䡭
һλոսĹʦˣѪʮף۵Ļһһ
һһǰڼʮĿͬոշֵ鷿
ϼ첻鷿벽һǾ춯صڶ
СϷǱ·ޣ˭ɽ˵ôȻɫоȻеڣ·һ࿴ˡ
·޲죺ʲôɽˣ
㲻ôɽҲҪƹģ
·ҡͷ˵ֻģƻλҰҲϣϿûʱϻȥϢûˡ
ȻΣȻЦ£̾һ˵Ѿˡ


307 ر֮
˵·£Ȼ׹ȵ㾹Ȼƭң㻹ţ˵֣Ȼʲôã
Ц˵ҲֻǸϣӵҵ񲻵ľ޴ûȷ֮ǰǲҶҵġȻλҲȣС仰һ˵ظһͦȻųһѹ
·ֺЦֿĿ˵ôء
ϺȻһָЩѾԶԶΧһΧ˵Щˣûһεģȫɱǣ
·ޱӺ߹һ
˵ǶЩˣһҲϵãȫǱƹģ
·޾ٲɣ𣬻ɫܲȻĴǣһһܶγɡͷţϣ¡¡ǹһС
һᣬΪģʷ״һƬͬĽǧƽط·޿˳
Բˡ
ûܻţһƬأ
·޻ǵһɱˣǰǱȳֵģβһ
Ƭصһطһһֱβ·ܴ󿪣ܿ·޵ļ·֪һֱţҲͷλСϡ
СϿǰһУ㹻ҲǺôľ
ڴȥɡ·˵
Сϻҡͷû˵Ҫȥֻ˵ɱǡ
·ŭˣâϡ
㻹Ҫʲô֤ҪҪǸͷǰϵҡ˵
Сҡҡͷ˵մϻյˣûһεġ
䣬ܵ·޵һҪȥ
֮ܵ£СϾȻֹˮЩ͵ĿǰҲ·һۡ
·޵ڰһ٣ʱһ˵֣֤˵𣿡˵λŮ
ô֤һİ˵
ǵģ֣һģһֱԴɽĻɡС˵һ졣
Ŷɫ
ֻõϢȻġϣ۵Ĵˣ·磬һۡ˵
·˫һ٣޾ɱһֶˣ޾ɱСٴεɫ·֮ǰ˹ѵΪһɱλСʣŲòɱСڵУСϸĿ֮
·޵ȸߣɭϣϵһ㷱һͲܴġ
СϿãͷ˵ϵѵ˭Ҳţѵȴƭңȷʵϣ״֮ðɣɡҸҪĶҸ
·˵ֻ˵ҴӦ㣬Ҿ
϶һ£̾һ˵һ٣ˣϾǣ
Ȼ̾˵벻ҲˣȻῴһʼҴд񵶵Ĺλһϲ֮Ѿˣȥɡ
ҪĶǶ𣿡·ʵ
Ȼ
һˣƬһֱԺϹȥ
·ϵʱ̫ݣһɺˡ
һ·߹Ժӡʹƴһֱ˼ǧףһ֮ǰ̧ͷȥϣȻΪ׳۵ȥ
Ը˴򿪵ţŶ롣
漫Ǽǰ߹ʮ׵ĴձϣһλߴλӢߡСһͶλߵȥһͷȻӿĬĬף󣬲վ·˵ǴϣףĴˣΪʲôݰ
·һſ֮һСѾϾɲһȴɱ˵ڻϣʲôѣ˵Ĺڵ£ͷȥ
Ĺͷ̧ϸ۵Ļֻ˾ȻмϤͷһʵһ۱˵мƣ
˵Ӧ߷֮ϣǰԭͻȻĴлٻˣǺġģмʧ档
·޶࿴˼ۣ˵ûжʱ䣬óҪĶɡ
ϵͷԸں˵ãڴػҴȡ
һ죬ͷӦ
Ͼһ˵ȣתձںһڡ·޸ں档
һһ߲ԶСڰ·ͣ£ڱ·޼Ǳϵһϵƶ䣬ƶ伫࣬һȻһ˹ȥ
ǣ
·һ΢죬ͼƶ䣬Ȼٵ㣬ǵһٵ㣬һɺ󣬲Ŷ˵Űɣ
˻˵굫һúõձڣĶ֨֨ѽѽĳ졣˰죬ڶǰֳһһɸȵķ洵·޲ɵһ
Ȼǵһ룬·Ҳ͸˽ȥ
תһ䣬ǰһʵ·ʲôúֻǻϿ
һ·¶С
ıڽǾ޴ʯͣߴǶҹ飬һ·£ȵķ粻ϴԽ¾Խصķѹ
·СĽ䱸λȥ޸֮Ļϵмֽģûʲô£˼ȴǼأ鿴ò
һ󡣽ƽһ֮ǰŵĺأ⿴Ѿ·ͷһݡһʯɣǧֲֹ
ͣת·ޣȻ˵ֵܣ˴ͬ˵һĻ۴ôҿԸ㣬һʼҽصı⣬һĶ뵽ļޣҴ㵽ˣǽһʼҽĻҵŵֵУҲòһΣ㵱˵Ļô
·һ㶣ϱ࣬˫Ŀзųâʹмָߴ
Щ˵ĵǲŪģ·֪һ㣬Ѿﵽ֮һӣŲֽͬҲܲԴ˵Ļ·£˵һᾡģ۰ǻʼңѾù˼ݵˣҲ˼ʧȫʲô̶Ⱦʲô̶ȣཻûʵڳ֮⣬ҲֻȱסԼ
Ŀԣ˺һᣬ̧ڱһʲôر֮ĵطȥȻַУݺһҧһֳѪӿֻ̧ѪָһεĿУֵһᣬм䣬ѪϣѪʯͷ޵ĿУȻ˳ʯ£˽ȥͬʯ޺һ㡣
·ע⵽ԭʯ޿Ϊյģʮͷʯ޿󿪣ϵȷʹȺ޿дĳʪ崵ȥ
һᣬָ˺󣬵һվһʯ֮ϣȳ쳣Ĵڼ仺Ĵˡ
˺þòȫ򿪣·޵ǰͻȻһ磬һʱľ


308 
Ŀ󣬳·޵Ԥϡ
汻ҹյһûпͷ
һ㱡ĺ棬Өıʹưıĺҫ͸ɽһѶѵȥʲô鱦ֻ벻ģûпġ·Ȼһִ۽ĸоı⣬ȴ·ҪģƸٶ࣬Ҳνֻһ£Լﵽħܿĵز
վſڴû·޿߱ӦһĻϣƺڵȴʲô
ϻعͷ˿¶һݾ档
·޲ɫ
·֣ôЩغ޶԰ϺȻʵ
·һЦ˵Ƶᡣҹ뵶УǮʲôá
һ㶣ͷһЦǰһýʯн˼£زһһɳǵܣֹһᣬϲžٲ롣
·ʵǸʲôأ
˵˵ַ硣
ַ磿·ظһ飬ƺ˵һּ󷨣糾ϸС΢룬ɳǧСͬʱ磬Сһ㣬ľ綾ͻҪ˵벻һ֮ǰ߾һ󷨵ԼЩﶯģ˰벽ôعƴʱԼˡ
·һѽλץǰ˵ǰ߻лô
ҡҡͷ˵ҼȻйأѾˣȻһֱҺ߸źˣҴȥҪĶɫ
·ٲ֣ȫᵽ߷Уһ·ץı·
˽һλð硣
һ·ǰ棬·޿ҲһֱŴʶƺûб߽ı⿴ϸ
һΣϺȻת·תߵһͨڡٴƿһţ·ûȽ룬ѾǴһ
ϢӴģǿ߶ģʵһΪ֮һϡ
ϵĽŲֹסˡ
·֣ҪĶ档˵ʵҲֻ˵ǽȥģѹѹҡֻԼȥˡʵڱǸԼȥɡ
·һ㶣һ룬ȻӿȻܲͬʱڻ֮ڡһͬڡ
Ҳûڣ·۾̾ͻˡ
澹Ȼߵã
һܣ·޴һǸߵȼĹ似һżͨͨǱҩģָܵģ˵ģΪģƼƽ׵ģָĿһȫЩһ࣬һ𣬾һף𲻻Ҳ֪ϻʵǴģЩҳҲЩʱˡ
ߵ棬·ǿʶһ۾ҵԼҵĶһӺϤС飬Ϣ
־ȻЩ΢Ҫ֪ѾǵĸıϢˣ뱾ôҲֻһûˡ
Ͼʶ˿ȻϢһ̵ѣΣ㼴ֹѾӵܣȻⱾ죬ԽϢԽǿѾǵСˡ
ⱾСÿ¶һСӡ·ͬһȴǵʶ򿪺ʶһӰ񲻶ϵĻӵ¡һƬأæ˳ʶеϲѾﵽ㡣벻Ķ׵֣һ
ϰһۣ˵ˣǻȥɡ
תȥ·һ˵̴ͷ뵽ӦиȤĶŶԣȻסֹסӣʩȥ
СһΣȣȴܰԸ¡
ߵܾͷ·޹Ȼܵ˸ǿʹվǽϴһϵСԳһ·ϵ΢СҲ޷֮ء
򿪣·ָָǰ⻬ǽڡ
Сһ࣬˵·֣һǽڰҴ򲻿ǽڵģ
·ϸСʹгֻ˵úڽȷ֣ûлء
ʲôΪʲô·ʵ
õģСϾǽһѰһ΢Сͻϵȥ
ģһһǽȥԳʯʯԶ֮ǰǽڴֲڹϵö࣬޾ʯ
ʲô·ͬʱʾеһš
ʱȴ˵ʲôҲˣСֵܣ򿪲õģԼ򿪣˵ʵûκλأֻѹǵģСֵԶ֡ģҾԣ룬ǴʱͻȻˣһܳôֻѹңһҲ߲ȥġ
·һ룬Ҳȷʵˡһ룬Ȼ߳ʯңѰʵĽɸ̬ȻڵϣԼ·ء
Сп಻
·أ·ǰվסһڳȻȫڼݲǿ󵽼ı졣·׼úС̧֣ܲһš
ѽһʯԶ׼ȻŻҪϵöࡣֻһͣǾе⼸ʯңӵı⡣ȱ⻹Ҫʲôء
·ԽСģϸӻһһƶʯšѽѽϳ֣Ħмѹ
ʯȫ·ǰʯڣȴտյģֻһǽϻһϵһ
һۣ޾ͺȻأ˹ȥ
ٿջأǿѹϺ·޵壬صѹǿܽʯѹɷ棬ο塣
ʱϵĿռָһ֮סȫһסָڵ˺̧̧ۣſ治ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ã·һѣͷŵص˳ʯȥʯš
ãδ·Цô˼һ־һΰסǷҵġ
ģ·ʶ滹ʹȻ˵Ҳˣһǻᱨġ
·Ȼ𣬵һۿʵֻһ棬ΪʲôôǿĳأʶܵˡֻǵʵǼ򵥣ֻǼʣ⼸۵⾳ȴǿʹڲ뵽£ܵ󻯵ĳ
ϽϢУһֱָãźȻĴʶǰ벿Ϣ


309 ⾳
ΪȸظðСʵд첹˵һһҪ쵽ĹСȸС
Ϣϣһ칦ÿһǵݽʽľ·޷벿֮ǰҪһ죬Ȼſһ˫һƬĸȻ֮һΡһļʱɽ·̣վһ嶥ٻͷʱЩ㼣ԵôɿЦ
ԭİ
ʯ֮⣬ϻڣȴѾ˸ʳŶ
·һ㶣ôûߣ
ϵһۣһ۵Ȼϣ·ƮƮġ
㿴һָ·˳ָ򿴹ȥ
ǵһձϣһͭڵӦӰȥ
·޾ʣʲôܿ档
ֻһ澵ӡ˵
·߹ȥϸһԭֻһ澵ӣֻһСЩľ棬ϻһ顣һӣһֱ쵽֪ĵطӰͨСһһĴ
ɶ칤
ȻӰģܴ¿Ρ
·ϸλߡڶֹСĿǳõġ
Ǹҵ壬ɽһָһλ˴ͬũ񣬵ȴ˵õһλ
λҵĴʦӦھŻָȻܴЩģӰһһϳͦˡʣ⼸˲ϵãƹģҲһʼҵģǴ֪һطֻǽķֻлʵۿڿഫ͵ùءߣŻôʦѹңҿȡϣ֮ʵˣǾ￴Ǵ򶷰ɡ
·ϸһվŵУһˣϾ޵λʣеӰλ֮Լľоʹλ񼶸֣в֪ڡһȴںδܿĶѾٶˡ
·ùߵɳǰͬͬʳûûʣдġ
ϿһۣԼ֡
ڵ±֮ˣԤ˴ʳˮĵطֲʱʱ䳤ˣҲ
ԱļҲͣһǧѾܲ£ȱȫ
Ȼ漸̸ͣ·޴ӻϵĸоǣһη֮ڡϢҪڴ벿Լָȥвͨġһϣ·ҲҪȥ
Ѿ벿·޿ʼ
Ϣʵһ㣬·һϢͬһնһ㣬ۼɼϢٵγһ޴У޾ʹзٵ·޵ڣϢУճڵռ֮ڡ
һһʱһʱ·޵õһµɹϲſ۾ɨ仯һγ֮С
еǿϢȫʯţڶ죬·޴˳ڻ˲֪ϢѾȫ塣ٴγңۿűϵľ۾ѾѪ˿һƬȻһҹû˯
ûӰ
Щ·ҪңȻһǿ𵴴ͷ˵Ĵ䱦֮С
꣬ʦѡѾɣ΢ˣεͷֳŵ³﹧򡣡ıڽ졣
ϵʱɫ˵ҪˣҪˡ
һǸٶ𣺡ֻ꣬һ֮ģֻҪ΢ڣ˭ҲҶʰë
ֹһᣬȻת˵Ѿһһҹв⣬ӵٲӣ˲
ȻӦһᣬžһľϣȻ׼ڶƵԴֳٲɼ
Ϻվھȥͬһֻȹϵϡ
ˣˣƵòҵģô־ûгȥĪҲˡ
·޺һ˵λһ־㻹һᣬеκһ׾ٵİȫˣߣ취ɣҪȥˡ
첽ȥ
λ񣬼ʹλ·ҲǶ֣Լһ֮ˡ
һʯ֮ǰȥ
벿Ϣ󲿷־Ȼἰʯݣ˭뵽ϹµʯݣȻסڴ˴ﵽ֮ã磡һ䣬Ȼûܹһӣͱѹ˳
·޶ʯڵǷѾʶٴҲҪ档
Ѿ˼·ޣȻĲܣܷʶһƿʯţ˽ȥ
Ƭ̡
ͷʹѵ·ʯſ۾Ŷǽڿȥ
ִֵļ׾һӳУһǰɽȻѹ˹ʶҲղסֱӽʯң
·޾һʱָʶܵ𵴣ȻԼ޸ʶǿĳ£ȻһЩ仯ƺЩһ㶣ӣȻ̶ֳȵȻ漣ٴεЩ΢Ǿ°ᴿһ£ȴҪһϢᵽνĸĸı䣡֮ǰȻףǼߣһ⾳⾳ϲ𣬷ʶȫܣٴγ롣
һΣ·ڿǷȫòһȻ޾ɽ͵֣һͬһѻʯһ磡һ·ֹѹ޵꾳
Ȼĵأ·ŵأг
ЦħܣҴȥ
棬һλܵλũߣ˵Ѿˣûʲô֡
λũһ̧ۣâ˵һ֣ڣ
λӦһˡ
үһ˹˵֣ˣҲ£һˣܲһɽȥȹ
ũ̧ͷһۣ˵Ҵ򿪱֮ţҷߡ
үһ˵򿪵ķֻǸСʵ֪
ũ߹һٲүڨڨ˵֣˴󶯸ɸ꣬Ѿгϳڹأ˵һ
ũһֻӳΪʵľүķɳʮ⣬۵һ³һѪҪģҼʮǰӦõõĶɱ񣡡˫Ŀ磬ȵ㲻ҲҪҵ£һʱ֮ڳȻ͵һطĸȥɣ
ֱʮ֮⡣һسɫ
£һ£һף˿һ治۵ǽ֮ϣһŤ֮£ٶֻҩ֮길ԴȷϹ
һЦСϰѿˡ


310 ֮
·ٴ
ĿָãĿһţ۹Ȼٴγ˽ȥ
ڻǰʯڿһʱѾʱ֡Ѫӿס񣬾ǿעĿǽϡ
ǽ治ȴ޾ȺɽԽԽɽɽ⾳ޣȻ·Ⱥɽ֮ϣɽХƵ·ѾʯҵľޣĸһС
һޱ߶ֺ󣬵ڿ쾡ͷиɽһԴΡ޾ʹɽ޾ɽӿȻһ׹ɽɽҲ죬еʵ޵ģֿɼģȥһ˫ڰʯ֮ϡ
Ȼһлþ𾡣·޵ǰǰֻһʯڣִʯͷϣһһߡ
䡭
·ڵСž춯صĸı䡣صʯţǿƥ忪·˳
һʱһʱǰλһףڳ׵ߣһ׵ԼҲֲѾӿ޾ľ֮װɽ֮Ȼ֮һ㡣
һϢ棬Сڵ˯ţͷһؽ廤״֮࣬Ҳ֪ҳġ
·޼򵥳Щٴλصԭĵطڶʯ֮ǰ˳׼ȻȻƿʯţһͷ˽ȥ
䡭
۵һѪ·һ̣˳

ߴɵĺ˲佫ʶĵûҲ
·ҵĳϢУֱʱȥۣһˮ֮ȵڲ
һĶ𣬺ȻĲܣʶ󲽳ʯ֮С
˵һۣһߺӿһһֻ֮ɵһƬε
ڶϣСٴμ·֮ʱֱԼ۾ǰ֮ˣ֫ˮһƬͬˮݹһץͳԣһ󣬺ȻǺǵɵЦͷ˵Ȼð˼Ŵ޲С
Ͼ˵·֣ô
·޿һ˵ûʲôҵʲô
СϿЦ˵ǣǰѾˣڲ
أ·ЩĲɡʶû
ڣСϿЦ˵ҹǾ͵ע⵽ˣһ𣬰ȻܿǿһֱȥֱǡϲȥʧĿ˿ǴϵİŤ
һò˰ӣͬı⣬ͬʹգʱҳ޾ͬˡ
·һЦ˵ǲǻм죬ãã
һ⣬ҲˮռһѾСʵǰʧˡ
ʯ֮ڣ·ӳеһƬˣӰƬСòһС㡣һʱ·޳Хһվһվ纣ƴ޳籡һʶˮǵؽ𣬺žϣ£ȻȻ˵ڶ
䡭
ڶһȻͬһ㣬˺֮ϣһǰѾޱ޼ʵһƬ죬ƽ˾Զܿõ׷
·޾ˣЩءӿһƿصĺ飬Ȼ޵ˮ۵һգ޾ˮ֮Ӻ촦ӿ룬·޹Цһ˫ĽӴʯڱ棬ǲһɫĲ֪ʲôȾϻĲηһߡ
ˮ֮Ȼڱ·ٴͻƣӵ׵ܡ
صʯ֮⣬·޽Ϣһֱ磬סʶһƿʯţ˽ȥ
һƬƽ̹ƺƵأʯгӯ֮·޴ûԣһ룬漣ģȻûκξҵķӦʯһƽеĴߣڴʱ˿·޵Уȴ޾ãء棬һ·ǰţ뿴ؾͷʲô
һ߾һһҹ
ʿһһֱߵ֮ߵʯǰصĴ֮ȻԭﶼҪͻȻ·ޣһ˫޳֣հʯ֮ϡ
صСߣ˵㶫ӣ䣬Ҫڵˣ·Ҳһ˵ʲôͬʱ䱼ܣǴ򿪱ǰʯңô·ܹߵġ
ƿ˵ʯţأ۹һһ˳ʮ֮ϣȫòͨһڵϡ
֮ţ
Һ£һĨȻһƬѪɵ֮Ȼǿеʯš
ʱ·޲ҽԼˡûٴȥȽ֮ţʯҾͷһʯ֮ǰµĲӦһ֮ţľˮоȫ
Զԣ·йصҺӵ֮Ŷ˵һЩ
ܺʯȥ˳죬·޽һգڻ֮С
ڴʱһ·ȫһͷϣǵүЦԭǱ֮Ű岽ˡ
·ٲԥһʯ֮ڡ
ϣԭ֮ϣʱȴＸʮ׵޴ӣӿǧƽ֮ĳȲ𾡣ڿĿ¶һʯ
̽ãûҵŵĻء
һλũүһ֣˵˺󡣡
ɽ˷׷׺ˡڰ⣬үһֶˣĻӳֱֵ˰ʯţȻ죬һʯ׷ɡ価ʯŻڣֻǺһʯ
үĿһšһɱ˫ֻ£һžһ˫ּγɣͷųȥ
¡
ʯѾѲХһ۾Щүڼ켸ҹûнķŭУһӳ򣬺ʯ֮ϡ
ǣһѷʯ֮ϣѾʯţڱһʯ
үһЦеǽȥ


311 
һ롣
ʯž̾žȻʮסʯŹһصĵ棬ܼǰǰߵѾָĻˡϱɫүһ֣λж༪һ䣬Ѿǰү˵ͬˮ˾ǰ棬ɨƽ
˹ӦȫȻĽܺȻĲȫͬһ㡣룬֮ʵܼ֮£׷ɽƬɷǺĽ̳һ·
ˮ˾үţٲ룬ڴ
һ·ߵò죬ʱһʯǽҪ飬ͨвϴ
¡
·̧һ˫Ķǰ޾档𲢲صҺӵĻңǹ壬ֻ޾ѹȻȻһɻ֮ԿѾվЩʱˣ΢ڵİϵܻ⣬γһܱķ֣ȴڣǷڵĻ磬α
ճյĿǰĻ֮磬·һ̵ʧȻݳ澹Ȼģǿ󣬳е֮š
ϸϸȻһԭʼ֮籾˻𣬲硣һУʯڣҪǻ֮Դ֮Դǰ·ֳһǻ𣬸棬Ȼǻ𻯳һԭʼһ£Ȼıըһµ硭
·޷·֮ϣǰһС
˫ִʯϣ·˻֮ҵĻ֮ϣһ̻֮ϵһߡ
Ľף
ʱ䣬·ĽףĽ׾ͬһǶؼеĸ
ϢĶڽ֮ϣѾܲȥˣ·޾ԼȫѪҺҪԼȥϢأϣҲֻǽʯ֮ڣѾ۵ļ¼ڻҪ
·޴ﵽĽ׵ٴӿ⣬СХıڽ𣬵ֻǸʼͻȻ˫֣һɱ𣬺䱦似׷׻м紩·ǰ裬һϣ·ͬɱ½磬һȻʶʶͷʯ֮ڡ
ͬʱһλѾ⣡
λȻһͬŲ֪жصʯźȥܵХѶѪص׶С
¡¡
ʯŴ󿪣һλðչǰ
λǿ̱ǰľ󾪴ˡƱ޷һҲһͷȥ
ºӴһ죬㶵Ŀš
ү˵ҴӦǵıأеı˵ˣֻҪ֮
Ƕ˴Ӧһĵлˮ˾겻ǺһЦһŴǿʯףһ̤¡
ȻһһƬΰĺƮվ֮үһ䣬ܴǣˣͬʱ֧һŽɫ
¶༪ҲȻһ˫ȭͷһȭ硣ˮһ֮󣬸ջӳϸ֮ϣ΢ϣһѵȻȥǰѾ۵ķ糾΢
̳΢󣬱ָүѾ˵˶ʮ⣬һļֹס΢ϮۿǰһС
λﵽ񼶵Ȼǵ΢СѪȻһͬʱѪүǰƮڵϡ
΢ѾǸ˷״
һأһΪ̫ͻأһΪÿһ΢ﵽʿһʿ˵Ǹӣǵʿ֮ȫڼ΢Сһϣ㹻ˡڸ΢أ֪
ү治ɫʰ¡ÿһʵûʯ֮ϣС
һůЦݿ˵ҵСֶ㻹ôҵһѾʮˣһҲνֻûʲôģҵĻλֻܹҵĵطҾҪһҲɱ㣬ɽΡ
Уʶʵʰǰ֮̽⡣ѾﵽףʵĴ񣬸ָļΪһվڵıκԼеĶٲÿ˵ɫ
壬վ𶯡һ΢𣬱ڼտһ·ײıڣϡ
үٿȻֹһʱӵıСġĿڰһϣһֱѰλֶ
ɫ԰ףЩĽǺ͵£ûжѪɫ࣬ʱ˿ȴһ˲ӵľǿϡֱλƹߣһְֻһϡȫ΢΢
壬Ĺ־ɣûܶûλھƹô֪аĵطʲôҼȻˣͲ֣һɿҶġɫ԰׵˵
ŶĹ־Ҳ̺ܰףͳһֻҲʲôɣǵ㣬ʱݳϣĹ־ЩһְֻĵϣŻ˵㵱껹һ벻һҪֽԼһͬ͵ȥ
Ϊ˵˵ҵ£ȷǸʶĻλҲΪΪ̫Ϊ̫ӾͺΪɱ˿ֻţŲòҸʵǻֻܹԼ
Ĺ־ͷ˵ǰֻҵ겻õΣſ̫Щ̼ͲнˡҪļĻҵôڵĻҵ£ɿ𣿡
Ĺ־˵ǰ߽
ڶҲڽսš˿졣涼ڵѪ
Ĺ־ԽԽеѾâ磬һصϴ
Ĺ־˽ս۹
Ĺ־ȴƣѾߵǰʮ֮Ŀӣһʱͷ
ҵһЦ˵壬˳ȥΡ
Ĺ־һ㶣ʲô˼
ЦҲͬһ㲻䡣˵ţֺȻ
һ뿪ǽ棬һɳɳ΢Сӵص״


312 
ٹӣֶͬڵˡſֺҵת뿪ԭأߵһѽǰ棬һŪڶиǶ
ʱߡ
Ĺ־ɫȻգͬʱܺȻһɫش˵ѾӨ˸ϣһҲȥǰѾչһ硭
˵һһⲨⲨƽеĿռﵴռڹⲨͻȻ˲ΣǱⶥ㣬һƬ磬ڰУŤתԼ硭
ĶǵĿһȿռ֮ǰ˿
ҪİǲͻȻ򿪵Ŀռ䣬Ĺ־˫ֱǰһηĿǸչ硣
һӰӴչĿռﻺ¡һʵʰĳƬ֮С
ӨһĹâϣռħܵᣬֱ䣬޷һ׵ӽһϸ£һ£֫޳Ҳҡɫ촽һ飬һ̧ۣĵѩİ׹⡣
ֻܰūţҪըˣصװмٶֵĻҩĹ־˺ʱѾûˣܸܵһѻҩȼ
ǸӰĿ⣬Ϊռı𶯡
Ǻǣʼұ⣬öĹ־˵ĹƷ֪ж٣Ҵûġһ˵ϣͬ仯
еľūŶ͵ɽȥһ˿Ԯ֡Ĺ־۵һڵϡ
˻ڿһУĿɨͬһƬ⽫λСʵյһ͸״̬˺֡һЦ΢ͷ˵⺢Ӳɱһͬ͵ɽСͯҲͦġ
صɳɳֹסˣؿʼҡһɴӵص״¡¡ܸܵױȵƻ
ֶɫȫ˫۳ضǸΡĹ־ѾǸûشĻˡ
ŶͦѽãǺǣ
˵ţλĻ
һֻ֣޳Ө񣬱ȴҹ㻹Ҫʤһһӣƺһ˿Ҳǧ걦Ѿܵһˮӳȥ
ϴһâ棬ȻǺܾúܾԺŷġһⲨڵ̳¿
䡭
ÿһʯʮΪĴﵽĴʯӲ֡һȥµĵһһϢſʯӿϣ޳ԵСϷʹڶϿա
һֱţ˴⣬½ȥ
¡¡
¼ٶֵĻҩͬʱըƻҪƬƷʱʱ򣬾Ҫﵽһʹʹһ붼͵£֪
Ѿû˼άǰҲ񲻵龰Ĺ־ֻǷڵϣܽʵʵ
һ֮Ϸļٶֻҩ֮ϰ׵ĵײ
һһйƽ
Ȼڰա
ȻռѾȫı䣡
ȻţֻǵǿѵĴ϶㲼ʯϣһռȥ˴ӵصɼĵطдɳĻҩӿʯе鱦Ҳλֶ
ţλȻڰеĵ˵ڱѹʮĵˣҲ㱣סˣ
ͻȻһ٣ɫתֱ£һ˼ĿͷϵĵطȻǱĿⶥĿȴ˳ȥһ£ˮһҲֻһߣƬռ˲䵽˱¡
ߣħڸʲôô˿ԶոմаγĹ־˵ĳŵʮڲ͵ɽԲðɣû±ˣ˸ռһһâջصڡ
Ǹһֱͷϵ壬ȻķɻصĹ־УĹ־ݣСķ뻳С
ȻͿ˸˿ӱվһĻֶ
ɵˣֻǴĿǰһУ
ٶֵĻҩѾˣȴѹʮĵ£ܽܵ˵ľװ
ʱĻѾУٿߣһĿ
ú룬ôĿ²ܲѾƵ˵ʮ⡣
㣬Ĺ־ԼˣʲôµڣȻѹѾ·ˣࡣ߹ļҵģûʸĹ־к
ߣοҲҪȵõ˵ȥɣ£˸ĸʣ߹Ѿҵˡ쳤ЦЦҹɰ̶ٲɣһֻϵܵѾ׶೤ɫ˳ʮ֮⣬̧ƺ̧ٵĻ̣́üһϷŰĿǸѾǿСʵۡ
Сʵ۵СԼ־ʱɽĿĹ־
ȥɡ
̧ܵͷɽ¡
һ޸֮Сϣʵò˷ѾģţɱҪľǿʱ״Ĳ̬ܡ
£ȻֱӣȻЩ
䡭
һ죬ٴڵصڴʯ׷ɣ󡭡
Ĺ־۲һ飬һ˳Ϣһʱ侹Ȼңһ˼ԼĵطΪʲôأʲôطˣ
価һӰֳһֱʯе·ޣһĮȫͬһ״ģʵһļ״
ӽ֮ų·ȫͬǧڵɱѾĵطˣ


313 
·޴ķҲӽħȫ
һֻϸǳʮֻؽĿⶨĿĹ־ԣԭǿᣡ·޴ûģȵĽ֮ﶯǰ󶣶һصıһؾʧˡ
ʵ·ڽ֮ڲûȫڵһĴУѹͷ𣬾Ϣǿѹ£һ۳ɵ״̬˳ûϵĽ֮ʹԣղأʹȥͬһһľˡ
·޴״̬оأԭ¡ֶѵãһϣһؾˣԴʱ˿̵·ͬһĿŶԷֻһ
ɱޣ·޸˶ʮۿŶԷͬʱΧ޴仯ҲηǰȽϣѾ˵
ʲô֮ңЩƾ·޵Ҫ̶ȣȫܷžҲɲһ롣
ģĹ־֮ǰһǰ˶ԼĴֱʡ
ǣģССͣȻ֮ܣĹ־֮һȥܺȻռʮ֮⡣
·޵ͷϽתѳͬʱ׼Ĺ־
ְɣҲϻ㵱Ȼҳȥһս˵
ԣĹ־ЦܴȥֻһǾң
е
ڱЩصı˵صĽ֮أʱĽڴ˵и߳࣬һ֮䣬Ϣֶ˳ȥߵâռŤһѾ쭹֮ľ롣
·޴ʱʶɷĴտصĵزԷѹɽֻһգۼ䣬ƥĵѾۣϳ鴤һֶ̧֣˽ݺᣬһ߽׽νԷһȥ
Ĺ־Цˣ쵽˶ԷĻңѾһ㹻ˣ
ɣСӣ
·ܴﵽ˼£һһʮѽȥУһȥΪޣǰߵĽתϢͬһװ˱Ĵӣݣ󽣲ֹݵĽײ
䡭
ͣ·޵ǰ
Ѿûκα·޳һֻЩǽڲ԰׵ȭͷʵʵĵϡ
ܲﵽ㣬Хܷ罫ʯϰգ·Ŀһ˿ЦȴϣǰϽɫâѾ˶Է
̵ģ·޽йһһ͹طһ֮һâıӳֵȭͷ֮ϣҰްĽйһʯ裬·Ʈȥһ˹ȥ
䡭
Ĺ־ֱԼ۾߼֮ܵγʮףڵ£ԵüСȭͷڵ¸΢СÿЦ΢С֮ȭ·ʮСӣȭͷ׵ϣһһĽ˻ȥһ·϶µĲӣ
˵ļλڣл飬һṼϵĶ£߹˲ǿ
޷ǰСӿֲֵСϽ鹦飡
ȹһ·һȭԷ˻ȥȻԾӰħڰУһܼϷܵĴŵĹ־ѹ˹ȥ
׹ذһ꣬Ĺ־ʮȥһƣǰ߿һ䵽˵زһǧҲ
Ĺ־һֱˣ֮ǰĿһȫ֪ȥˣȡ֮𺳣ԷܾȻԼ֮£Ҫ֪ѾλѸʦ߳һأ˭뵽һֺ󣬾ͱһСѹŴֻзͺ˵ķݣ֣Ȼ̧һöռָ죬ռ𶯹һֻ̬ķǳ·ǰߴףøǾףһ˫Ѫ۾ס·ޣ
·һ١ǸЪǷһա
·죬ޱӵĿ˿λ
ʲô⣡
·һ䡣
ʶͻȻһֻ˺ĵЦò㣡ǷҵĹˣǷһҲνҿǺþûȥˡ
٣·һ䣡ǰһžѾЩĿмֵ⣡
·޼ˣ
ʲô⣡֮ϺȻըĲ·޺޵ۣɴܱȭͷĽޣ
ϺһԱ·޵ٶȺһһȭĺͷ
㣡
䣡
һȭ֮ʯҲҪˣû뵽ֻͷӲȻûȥеķ˫һֽһҵϣԴһΡһֻȭѾ̩ɽѹ
㣡
䣡
һȭͷûУצµľʯ̾͵ĵ棬϶չȥһͷ­ȥ
ǿŸ߰ѾҲû֮ǰĿĿ־ˣ
Ĺ־ĿɿڴĿǰһУֱģڱһʮС׷Ŵ򣬺޻֮һɺӽŵһֱ汾
·˫չһ·׷ŷ壬ȭͷ£
㣡
䣡
㣡
䣡
ɣ

ڿֻǵľ̫ˣͷûдӵϰĻᣬһ·ĳУ·޵ĸɺͿУ䵽ͷϡ
Ĺ־ˣЩֲԽ뻳ֻùõٴ˳
㣡
䡭
·Ȼֹס壬һǿһת
ڸʲôĹ־ѾӨâ壬·޲ľ
ϵĶһˣһоǸɵġѾɫǰĳŻˣ
ô·һĹ־Ѿڷˡͬʱһͼϣ
סˣ
ʲô⣡·޹ֽһ˫һ죬ٴαŭˣ
һһñڵﶼһ飬óᷢʲô¡
Ŵÿհγͷķǣһһ䣬ٴνͷҲ¶
ţˣ
·޷һ˫ĺñĿΪ֮һ


314 ظ
·޻ӳһȭֱֱȫĹ־ϡ
Ĺ־һ壬ֻһˣһֻϵͷų·ײȥ
Ȼӣ·ĶԺ䣬ڱ𵴲Ϣ·һ̧ۣѾĹ־˽ʮ⣬еѾգһֻһ
·޵͵ͺһϢЩңһȦһѹֶγһַֻܶ˦
Ĺ־ϵѵ·ϵֻܶװƿһеĳײȥ
ܶȫǺ⣡Һɫ׵ڣĽмУҵĽ֮ؼʹƼΪ似жɶ
Ĺ־֧һ֧˲仯ΪУȻóһؼӭ

нϣƤױڼٵСȥ
ʱ˿̣ǹѾڡһδĵطչ
ɫ̯ڵϣȫʧȥ⡣
·˫üһŭУһںճ޾ɱ£һкڹ⽫Ƭռ˲ںɫѹ֮£һߵ⣬ڰһû
䡭
Ĺ־һһɳ֮⣬һѪ۵֮⣡
·޺գ˫һգһȦһתһ׵ķжۻٴγͷųȥ
ĿѾпռ򿪵ϣ
˫ֲͣ·һ׳׵ķжڼתܣļޣǸ򿪵ɵú£ǹȫܹ࿹ģ
һһһ׷һȻȫ󵽼ʮ׵ķжڣĵ֮ڻҺɫķĵ㺮ĥײ˻ǾĶǣɨһеɹȥ

ײһγɵͲѾԤļޣ忪ʼҡ᧿Σ
չǸοռ䣬ڱ·޵似ɵˣռ伤У·޳ʯ֮УٳʱѾǿ塣
ϸһ·޿ʲô͵ģ࣬Ŀüǵ˸ȥһ֮ǾҲҪϣȴ󲻶ֺ·ַ뻳У̧ͷĹ־ѾΪһֻҰޣ
Ķʧʲôҵĺһ뵽Ĺ־ȫСڸܺúûܺúõһܡȻģóƴɴ󷨣˳˸壡
ɵ壬ʱ˿Ѿадв֣ͬھķţһ̬ĿģѾʵǿвֿĲ֣һ⣬ʵں͹ģ
һ˺ѷεĺѾ·ޱƵصĹ־ͻȻԭһֻͬİ͹ƽͷ֮ϣѿһЩµ֯µıγĹ־ӣһͨѾһֻվŵģ׿ģһ
ҵĶﺬ˵·ÿһ涼һǿ֮ǰħܲǿѾﵽ֮
·ЩֽŷˣһͣȻһ£ͷһһ飬ȻֻŴγͷķǣ͸ķǣʱļ˥ֻǿװԵ۾ȻͰ͵Ķ·ޣһĴ죬ȫȻѾתɹŻˡ
·û˥˵زޣްһ϶ô·޺ݺݸһţܴУһŽʮľ޾û߷ɳȥҽϼأͷȥǲǾȻһֻȣ档
Ĺ־Ѿ
ĳʯϰա
·˫һȦһתһֻжͷŹȥȻſһ˫ʯȥ
ᣬһе·ң
ͷһλŵСϣ·ֻһ˫סԼһȣչʱλĹ־Ѿ˷жһȫиѪľ޴㱼
̬岢ȫﲻӲȣ汻ж˵ѲһŽһ׵ľһţĹ־³һֻƿռ·޺ײȥ
һֻؾﵽڵ֮ѿ㸲ѾĲܿصúȻ䣡
ȥ³ֻһǱ֮ڣԶȥˡ
䡭
·޵һײӹȥһײ˲ƿٷɳ׺ǽϣײ¡¡Ĵ죬췭ظģµؼٵı̮С
·޼ٻӶᡣѾŵ󣬶˫ּһһķжֹͣͷħ״Ĺ־һͷˣֻ޴צͻ˫ϵŵķǵβͣ
·ǿЦãҪ˫ϣһߵı⣡ΪǮֵ̫ˣϣʯڣҲаԥɶʱ䶼ûУ
¼Զĵطħ״Ĺ־һץצץ͸ĵ·ϵķǣǱץٲ֣ȫнĵطˡ
·޺£˫۱յģʲôҲ˲ĵز
ת۵ʯţ·޴ȹһ˫ȫһһ似ܷܶ˦˳ȥͬʱ֮Ĺ־·ٲͷһ¡¡ɳ󣬾ͳϵĲͨһɵľ޴һֱ·һֱ桭
¡¡
·һɳ죬Ƿŵĵ档纣ӿĵ棬òŻָƽ
ȷһе·޻ǺܾòŸڵ档û׷Ĺ־·޸Ц
ȣˤڵϣ·޼ƣߣؿһۿ˲ԶվŵһλòŮӣþĶǣ

վһλ絶ҲϵãݵǿǻԶһž޴ļһСһֱֱĿų
ŵĻûɿֵ˼
·޲һǰһ¾Ȼһ
ĵͷŷ֣µĵ澹ȻһƬѩ
̧ͷȻĿģһƬѩأ˷絶ۿȥѾһı
ʱ䣬һֱǳôı仯·ĿɿڴĶ磬ֻ뵽һ֣ħаܣ


315 ռ
ں֮УվȻǻ谵һƬ·̧ͷȥպãã߼ʵĺֱѹͷϣ߽һȴ糣ġ
Ŀ絶·޴λݵСﻨᵽģɱ֮𲻹죡·еģսشţһ첻ܴһ죬ԶŪȥ
·磬еľϲͼ·޸ж£绨Цѩͬˡ·Ŀڳˣˡ
·ЦЦ˵ܹǵˡ
СҡͷЦƱˣֱܲסΪһλʥڵǰһ¶Σա
һ£·޺ðһ֧ٿ˻ȥĵط֧һѱı֮һֱȣ·Ҳûа취ͼǰеʱ򣬲ϵ׸СѾɿˣڵϻػУǸļһȴƤı·ޣȫȻ֮ǰ˵ȭͷ
·һȭͷȻĻ붳֮ڡһȭͽ͵µһ¿
ǷһХشӿݳӵ·޼Զĵطݺݿ·ܲʮ֮һڲǰһӦܲõ˴˵һַ֮ġʵϣʱ˿̵·ѾĶˡ
·ޣû뵽㣬ۣû߹֮Уȴ֪ʲô롣˵Ĳܡ
ɣСЩĳһֲ
壬ҪΪҵҸ籨ѩޡ˵Ȼ죬ӨȻеŮгˣΪ𰡣Ǳ߿ţ԰ˡֱȥ·ֱ顣
ƹҺܱǸѹɱҲû취£ɱľҵļˣûжԴġ·˵
˵˼ô˵ҶҪɱģ޹ضԴеܽѾӯӯȻģڵһСռײȥ̣һɷ·޾ݵȶֱ졣
һ𺳵Ŀ
·޺Ȼԭͬʲôһ£ﵽ񼶵ߣ˹ݵķӦֻһͣȷʵ˾춯ص¡
뻳ӳһֻͨӨĹԡһӳ˰֮С·̵ĸʲôѾģ
һѾ۾һͿʮ׵ľ룬·޳˹
·һ죬ڵȻûλĴС㣬֣չֲܸܵĶһĹעȻϵֻ񼶷ǣһȻе㿴ʲô
·޾һֻ֣һֻռָͨ۾һ̾ϳֳһı顣
·޽еܣҾ㣬ҳɵ֮󣬸
ٲö˵໵ķһ˵Ľֱ͸ʮ׵İٻȻͦ˫ͫѪѪâצڱһıѩըһ͸Ѿӭ
·ȫĶ塣ţٴУ
壡һ£һУһߵĵʺȻ޴ͷһѵؽ׾޴壬һŰһӰ䣡
Ǿ޴Ѿſ˻ǰٶһʱղֻ;תûʵľ޵֮ϣ
䡭
޵ֻ֮ϣǵһĽ֮˶ĿײȻֿȻķֿ
Ҳֻλ۷ʣ֮һξġײһ˳ʮ⣬һ֮˫ڵһ壬ٴﵶϣ
ףӰǵذĺա
·
·޴ʱͷѾ꼫ССϲôὫùˣԼҲô
Ѿ紦ڻþ֮СƮɣǿƥʮ֮⣬г׵ĵؽɣܲݺύ
·ûһսҲ治Ķ֡˫ûһ̸뿪Ǹ壬Ȼ˵ãǷһΰɣ
һ㶣ͬ˭˵ϻĶ
·ٴξ˾еöռָʶһһЦ˵õģ
ռ𶯣һʮ׸ߵȻٿس֡һĶ˵˺Ƭѩ֮Сȫ͸Ѫͫһչֳǲһϵķɧ˻ǰһЦƥĽ£һ˫ǰצŵһ̳һ£ǰǰڷֱһ޿ӳ֣һֻ׵ѩצ֮ϣѾһ׵εļʮִСɽȻŻ˹ȥ
üֱԼ۾·޾ȻһеöֻΪսСӻжپ춯ص²óģ
·޴ʱ˿̺£֮ǰþ˵ܣʱһһھۼ˫ֳޱȵǰŵ˼£
ı仯ѾĿ֮ڣٴܴһĸжʱܣѾ֧似ɡֻһľɱǾǰγɱס

һһ⣬Ƭռ̱ͻȻĹֳΣһռ
·Ŀɿڴ
˵ȻǶûģǸħ
·һŭ̵֪ģסڣ
ڱþܣ·޾ῴǰĿռ򿪣ûһ취
âɣҫһ׵һѩˣǸ򿪵Ŀռ仺¡
ֻǸΣѹ·޾
쳣һߵֱˡԵĿһȻڿռС
һ˿һۻƴ˺ɱ֮սȻĿһֱ˫ֵ·ϡ
ֵͦġЩͷһ֡ĿռһĪϴֱذĸ޵սͬʱǱߵĻһȻһӼȥ
ɱҺū𣿡µĿ·ޣŭϲĿƽ͡ϲɫ
·һЩ˼άͺ󣬵ŶԷɿܡ
ٿһ£˫һһâֱӴ·ϣ·޳һͬ͸㣬˺¶չǰ
·޾Ȼûһ˿࿹ֻԷ塣ָо̫˥ˣ
ûˣһָ㲢ǿūŶٰôɱģϢһû뵽ֹҴ򿪿ռģ׼ɣҵūֻɱ˾Уо仰򹷿ˣͶóɣ޺¡
·ȫ˫ȻǰĿһ̱ƽˮᣬ˷ѡѾغ


316 
һָһָָܰ޳ָ赭дһʹЩ鸡ǰ
һ͸ĲССһƣָ⴩ţ·޵ǰ󣬺ģƬռ价ӣһһȻ˹
Ⲩһʱռ·һͣͣ·޸о޲ߣ

̾Ҫ˺ѹ֮󣬿˲ƿߵ
·޿˫֣һ˵һȫͷųŽһǰܲ㣬ȻӦǰ
޾ɱ˲·ǰһָ֮Ҳٿػ˹ˣȡƵ·ޣХХʳ

һ·ɫͬʱһ䣡
·˫һ飬岻ܿƵı޴ͳֻѾ붳˫󻬳Ķ˫γһ˫֣裬ѣȫĹ죬еһֱ֮УҼٵС
ۣһȣѾֵһȣ·һѪ絽ϣίеȴȻڣ˳ʮ׺һָ֮ڷžֹס塣
ȫڶ£
һ֣һĶҲȻס֣ԷҲηĸһ㣬ŶΡ
ɫףܵ·ȥʥܾȻƲǲ㼸͸ĸ㣡
·΢ӣ̧ۿŶԷλֻҪһָͻᱻ飡ûһ˿Ļ֮ԼȫܶڣҲǶָͦˣ˸һϣ̫ˣ
ףȻԷһָͷ·ȫĽ̤÷飡
˵ľȶȴΪ߹·ޣ۾ζĶ·޿˺һϵİɫ޷裬Գ鲢ƽ˺һᣬƬռ˶Ȼ˵
·ҽľ
˺Ȼһ֣ռ𶯣Ӱͻأĳ·ǰ׵ĵطָֻǯӰ·޵ϣ˫ĿĿ
·ȫһ˲ˣеŲһҲʧˡ
·һ𾪵ĿλѾռȫģһʱ鼫࣬ҡ
̾Ϣ˵
Ȼ˿·ޣش
·ֻõͷ
һ̾˵̾Ϣжٸпλſ˵ͷ˵벻ȥϣ׻ҵ˴ˣΪһˣʮ;似ͷų屾֮࣬Ǽûܳɹ򿪲ӵǺǣ벻벻ǵȵһСӣ˲𣡡
·Ŀ˵Ŀ̫ˣһʱ䷴Ӧٶۡ
˵һֱҴˣ·޳ɵʡ
ǰѵûҵôЩĿ㲻ỹûϣСӰɣ
·ɫ׵Ŀû˵
ǺǡλЦȤ˶ˣҲԶˣѾӵУȻûиӦⲻЦʲôأҲˣ˺ȻָһֻǸ˶С·һ˳۵һѪɫӵֽͬ
һλһתͷѾһŭ
ģҼȻѾ֪֮󣬾;ղֻһµ˭֪СôûãһѪϣСӿɱ˵Ҵ㣬ȻЦҡôССɲֵ˼Ҷ֡ҡҡͷ˵ϧ֮⣬ֻҵ壬ȻһתԣҵëˣȻԴѹСɹܵģ
˭·ã
㲻ʣϣװɣˣٹһ꣬˶ɵĴԾǺǣĶ꣬ųһԻҲѪϣҵҪõҼ崫ԯٸ߳һСӣ̫ˣȫԯҴ˵Ķ֣ھʹһܣҺúһϣųϵı飡λЦû˹·Ѿܺϣ׵ı顣
ԯ٣·֣ʲô
˵ʲô˼ҲףΪʲôҪͬ崫˶֣һ󣿡·һ⣬Ѿ֪ǰ֮Ǿͬˣϵǲ¡
òףֻһİʮ죬ҵɲɾͺãʱϣˣȻˡ˼Ůؿɸҳˣ˵ʲôǿҼ崫ԯ٣Цô㵹Ҫôǿ
㶵ĿһôĲ⣬˼죡
ȻһǸһֱڰе崫үͬ˭˵
Щ޼ɵ
·һֻѪӿ𾪵ȫסˡ
һЦ俪˵ҵı߹Ҷǰ͸㶨µĶˣϣǼиˡүү̫ˣ
ҵĶ֣ǰͶˣţҲʲô֣Ǹɴ˵ү
ЦãСӣʲô֣ұŮأ
·޼ݣǸ˵СɣôԼϵˡ
һĬһ崫˳Ѿ
ҿ㲻ϴɣȫû˸ղŵ磡
·޿һЦĺСȻԶСٴν̸
ԯٶ»бӵô·˵ȻǳЩͬСһЩսӡ
ٶϴԭԵ֮һ䷿Сˮ
һʱͣԽԽӵѿɬ˵СӾǸ·ްСɣүүһСӰˡ
·һЦ˵Сɣ㻹ô
Сɿ޵һ㲻ãϴ˽ɣ㡭
·ȫ׻һ
侫ʣٿԭʧ¡¡ȵ˵˵ʲôԯҶˣȥĽ
ۣ
Өһ۵һһƬɻҡ


317 Ѫ
ԯҾ˵ӵѪеļ壬꣬˽꣬һϰγԯѽ
СɵĸĸףֻһμεļСĸŮЯһͬɽʱ֮Ƶԯ޾ʹһӣǸɽ֮Ҳ֪ǲǱӦĺ֮УȻĳһ˰ν壬ȻԯٳѪͬԯһɳʮ£ʮ·׷٣һʵҰ֡Сɣ
һ̣Сɵɽʱȥֻжʮļԯ޽˶ӵĶСǸкӣֱȡ֮Ϊ֮Ĵ󷿣п£
СɣȥպͳԯСɵŮӣÿҪĵһȴ¡
ԯͬһǰγ£һСҲͷŪ岻ȵ̬Ϊӡ֤ϣ̸ʱ˵Ļͷһ·ϼꡣ
ǵõ굱˵ԯ±֮ϣҡͷ˵ҲȻԯȷʵ˵ãҲܷڵһλϡ
һ仰ɽɴ˽¡ȥԷ˯ǵԾ˭ҲȰˡ
ϣ˵ϻޣϿ϶ֲʤдˣŮҴҲǲܣʱһԱֳܷʤҪ֪׶ҲǶϿɣãѣͬ£Ȼ³ˡҪȻҲֲ˸һкܶҪ
һԼҲö·ԯҵҰ֣СɣһǾеľս
ȻͬϴĿжԻСˮûˡĵģһⳡԡһԯ޼ȹϵϡ
СɵЮŻָ˼֡
ɽģȴˮġ
ϴҲߣжٺ㰡
·ȫɢ˼һۣĵȴѾΪһλ׵ߣȴڶԷһָ֮¡һʱֳ֮صΣС
廯ɷɻɢ䣬ǸռٿȻʧƬռ·޻ͷǾ޵ֵĵʣλĿĻ
ʱѾؼ־Χ佫£һб߹߼ڶ֮ǰѹѹһƬƬѩѹ
һң˿ߵĻ۾û뿪·ޣʱǰȴֻǣٴĶ˼ºȴţϷȥ
Ҳ֪ôģ·һٱͷĻˣһĵάС
ѪͫƣǺ˥ĶŶԷ˵ˣҲȥ
ʱ䲻ˣܽȻĿ·ޣֱܵʮףһɿ磬һգ
Ǵ˹ȥ
ȻĶײλֿҺ塣Ǹ̬ҺҲ͸ġȴһΣԵЩҡ
ʱ䲻ˣ
ѾȫˡΧܽ
ͷһ۵ʣλʮߣԭͬͬ㣬ҵ󣬾һֱߡ˵ͬһҲΪһ۵ĳõʴִ
˳ԶֵģѹСͷĴ󲡡һ۾͸ѾҪಫˣ
ϵһۣӵ𣬺Ȼ˺ɽϡĴ˺СצһһͣѹٴһӳصĶ׶צϺ˹ȥ
·ָԼڵľ춯ذײøո¶ͷһڱ߹ߣɫվԭء־ǲһ
絶񼶵Ķײܵ˵ģ
˿̿ȥӵˡһҧ´ѪҺȻĻ֣һ»ԼС֮ϡ䡭һֹȥף
ַ֮Ϊƻ󷨣һײѾԼռĵ似ȴǼĵͼ似Ϊʩûлͷ֮·ܷž֮ʱɢ֮ʱû·ˣʵ͵͵Ľһͬơ
С
壬ҵʬᵽҵ͸߰ɡ
˵һ䣬Щãʵʰֱܵ׿⣬·վڰ⣬Ҳܱϵѹ裡
Ȼһ£ռ·һ˺ѣʮ׵Ѹײڶıǣ
ž죬ڽϵϰٴε񼶺£ѾӵãЩˣǺܾҲܴͷǣȻ·޵ʵһֻԼܴĿռָͷһңһõǸĳŵһİոպݺСӵһ仰÷Ƿˡ
ӭϣԼľ޴ܵײȥ
һֻѾɶȫһˣĿռͬľס
䡭
һ֮£ʮ׵ľ޴屻׳ʮ⣬ȻڶϣȻҳһӣ
ǷɿҺ£һȻ˹ȥ˵Ĺ岻ܿصΡ
ͷŵܻڷ޴ܵճĿʮ׵ľ룬һٳһȻǵؼ似£
ɱֻкˣƮܲ£ͬһλħŮ
һǿһֻܹͨõ似򵥶޴
䡭
ڵǰȥ
һɢ廹Ƕײܲϣ
䡭
һΣֱӱɵ·ߡһΣ죬Һӿϣһỹҡվ𣬿·һۣٴצһ壬ӭ
·һ㶣޷ֻʲôˣ
ָܣ֮ĸһЩΪڳΪı仯ڵȻǿʱ·ޣϢ£µĵ棬ѩЩ
䡭
޴ɹ·࣬ʮһĿ塣
ǰһ˪·ޣһĿ·ʯܡ
ǰһػζˣ·ȻָϵĿռָһٿһâ󣬷һʮ״͵һ˿ռָ֮ڡ
һռָͽ֮СԵزռƴãߵúܰġ
֮ʮףʱͬ㲻մأ۾Ѫ죬ѪȫѪҲľͷĿ·ޣеܵѾﵽʮףȫ
·ģ˰ɣ˵ҲѪ
·ҡҡͷһƴɱһֱƣɱ㸸ףǱεģػȥһһҪɱ
һЦ˵Ѫ޵ɽа˭ںأж㣬ͬھҲһԵ֡
ѪҲԵһѾơѾԤЦü俪ġ
󼸰⣬ˣϼѨ⣬ֻܸܲܲɿһУ
˭ܰе
˵һ䣬ȫȻһѪ٣Ѫ壬ӿֲ쳣һ·ǰһѪĻһѪǰĻѾʧѼʮ׸ߵĻ굶֮ڣƿһа·ޣ
ѹɽʮ·ϵ·ȥߣȫ㣬ڻ굶֮£ռʱѾﵽ˼£뼸־ľĿ亹עĴԶһʡ
ˡ
һ£·۾һѪĻ굶ʮ׶ʮʮ׵˲ʱڵܻʮ֮һ
ֻں֮䣬·һХХ籼׹գϱɫʶ˵һƿһϣһµľھƱڳΣ
ˡ
Х
·ԭһʧˣһ̬߹
굶ԣ
ֹס˺ľĿǰľ
˺ҲֹסһֹĶԵʵĿŰѪͫµת
ؼ䣬ֻƺƵĽײһ

һ̺þͷγѪ


318 Ϊ֤
̬ǵ˺һ֮ﵽ˻壬ߵͬʱҲϵһ֮ϡ
·ʹѣǾԭء
ǰĹִĿģѵĵرϣһ׵ĵ죡ĵѣѩϣһǳɫķ״ǻǸ̬
Ǵ£˳ӿȴûʲô
ʽ޵ֲغ󱳵ڣ·˵ϲˣɱҰɡųŤ촽ţӿ
·޳ĬƬ̣лɫѩƮ䡣
ǿ
߰ɡ·˵صָ
˺һЦ˵ǵǷҵġ
ѣ·˵꣬λСϣ˵ߡ
ʾ⡣
޵ڱһߴĵСһǶѻҰɫʣ˺һ·ڵϣһСѶ𣬷벼ƬڣСİãط뻳Żߡ
㲻һôص˵
㲻ٻˡ·˵ѾѮҲʵıݣ·˵Ǹӡ
ڼʿóһͨ߹Ӱ˴Զȥ
󣬱߹ػƽ
ȻְգͻȻļʹøս＾ı߹գ಻ԡĸǲ
ͬѽ٣ǻ̻̲ա
·޽ļҴԺڵһڣһ첻Բ˯ڽܿصĽ֮շڣڸ;ϣͣ˵ϣűһڣûƿ
ڳ·һһվѩϣɫĵһɫƷΣǰƷǰλϳ΢壬һϢվ˲֪áϵĻѩҲˡ
ʲô£·ʡ
·޴һ̹ߵݡ·ܲһֻȥһ֮˰ȥʮҲһ˱һУɵվ·޵Ŀӵľη
ʦˣ롣λϳǰһ˵
ʲôʦ·һ㶡
ѾΪҹΨһ뻤ʦּϽ£ʦͶһˡ
·޿Цá
ҪʦʲôãУҸȥһˣ˳ʦˡ
·һнʹ
һɴ󳼶ڣһƬ¡·޶˽ļҵλҲڣȺڵ£Сһݵϡ
£·ҲûʲôСЩᣬֵ
ȴڴ󳼵ۡ
ʦڰˣ쿴
˶һӣ·ҲŻϡ
ҲҪʲôʦ˰ɡ·˵
ڴ淸ϰ
Ǻǣ·磬Сѣίһ£ҵһ⸱ӡڨڨ˵ʮͷ·öࡣڳ·޴磬ȷʵϳǺûؼˡ
ôĹңòŷǵҡ·˵˵˵ѩô°ɣȻҲˡ
·֣췣ְ֮ѾõϢֻĹǨдӹұ߹˳عŹ
·޺վ˵ŹҲڱ֮ڣ
ǰĹѾԼڴ˳ڹۣͬ취Ϊ֮֡˵
·ͷһ˵ʲô˻ܸ컻ʵѾһֻ֣û˵
·֣˵ħɽħаΪħͷ걻ϣħɽû뵽ڳˣ˻߹Ҫˡ
Ϣ׼ȷô·ü˵
ʹûϸ˵˳ۣ֮ѾõȺȷҪУڴ£ʦ㣬ܲܰұ߹˿ࡣ˵꣬һ֮ˣĿⶼ·ϡ
·޿Ц£˵ħڰʮҿҲǰ͡
·һһڣ֮˵ҡ
֮ǰ·˵λЯħɽˣ֪Ϊʲôһƽ٣λǿ߶ɱħܵĻȰǨĺá
ĬΣ˵λǿߵħɽ֮УħܲУòʲôŤתǬ󷨣λ࿹֣֮˵λǿڴ˴󷨺£Ѿҷ𣬵Ϊ˴ʣǧֻƷܺˣûд㣬Ĺ㱣ס˹񣬲췭ظء
·һһֱŻ˵棬ȴòˣϢʲôܹõ
·ֿ˵һλаʣʵ
㣡·һ
ǣҪһħܴܲżƷܺˣû뵽ۣλаһֱ׼һͬĴ󷨣ħҲҵ֮ȫʮļǧܺˣΪŰɾĲҷλǿǰȥһºܳɣ߹ϳʧһºܳɣ߹ϳʧ
С˵ȫס
ô˵Ϣһˣôλڻô·ð
˵ֻһ·Ǿǻҷ𣡡
·ͨһڵϣľӣľмһҧˮһ
λڽдǴüĿʱˣһԿ̱ʾʵػ̹ĺڣҪ˵ǰˣλĸе֮ˣΪԼͲ˵Լһ̡
·ʹ絶Ȼħɽ򣬱Х
Хֱõ˵أҡΣⱯ֮²¡¡ֱʮ֮⣡
ħܣˣΪ֤·޲ɱ㣬ĲΪˡ


319 ˳
·޴ӦСʵ۴֮󣬾ͽ벻߲ݵ֮С
벿Ϣ
·޷Լ˴ʶܵԼʶ˽һܵÿνԵþ޴󣬴ʱѾԼܣﵽ֮ʶǿ·Ϣӵ˳˳ˮ벿Ϣ·޷ܵ
ڶ죬߹ۼλʣаļڡ·ڴӦħɽ֮к󣬰ϸӾͻԴɽʵð׺֪ؾ·ҪԵǴħڣһǸոջλڵĴħͷ˾˺ǵģȥԲߡ
һ˵Ŵ˳
ΪзȫλУ۸棬һڶ֮Уһˣ·ޡֻԹһηĿ΢ϣܣʵʰϢųӿûڣ塣
·ϼ࣬·涼мı䣬ȻЩߣһжڰ·һ·Ͽż·䣬һɱĲҾ
·һ˴˳ʱسŵĽʿ˵Ǳ߹ʹšϽУһǰ߿·˼ӿг̡
һ˵ʱѾǵ죬༸Ĺʦ͵ˣͣڹ⣬˳ĴӭһȷǷСд
ʦ÷ɣļǰС˵
һᣬļڰ֣ʾȽȥһڳǰȻĻ·ޡ
ȫưϰӭ뿴һ߹ô춯ص̴£û뵽ĲǼλʣʼȻѾ˵ˣڸһľӢ˵Ǻܴʧ
˳ӭҲλֽл츳ѵһĳȴӭ˼λʣв죬ʳںˣɫǵĴʦ
Ŷǻˮ˾λˮѾãʱǰ
ʼæļ˵ʦǰҪš
ֹһ顣⻹ĥǹٲҴţڡ
ǵĴʦ˲𰡡һ˵
߹һλʣڶĿȥϵôˡǴӹһλʼ˳ɻ߹߹еܶϵ
ʲô˼ŭ
λڲǸ֮ʱں壬Ĺ֮ݡΪߣԴΪأŽᣬΪⳡϵҴĴһսȻƾһ֮ħ࿹Ȱ˵
˽Ժһɻ˵߹ֻһλˮ񣬶ŹǹݣľȻֻʼߣһŵŹһλ߶ûУܰϼࡣ
Źӭļŭݡ
Źģ۷׻޵дӣСǣ·ϣάλϣǼСе䡣
Źͬ߹һܵӹĲ֣˵ӹʮ˵ĳޣʱ˿̲˵޼ҳ֮ʱ׻޵ʾһڣΪ߹߽ӷϴ
߹һĹӢˡ
ͬڴڣ̶Ըħܰ취ͷءʮ˾һ𣬼ž
ȻŶλҪδʵҪλˣ
˳ĻҹʦЦӹĴʦ
˻һ϶ʱһЦλѾﵽ˽Ĵ޵еĴڡλȴǶԳ֣ʹŹ߹ڼδսҡһλѾﵽ׵Ĵ񣬱ˮףĹǽڶЦĳǿߡ
˵Ƭ̣һ˴˽δѹѾϱɫһͬ˿ȥ
һˣ棬ߴ磬һۣķ뷢԰ףɲ⡣ȴλ˽񶫷Цλģٱܲġ棬ɿݣֻһӣڶЦߣͬơ
󻹸һˣ΢ͷλཿõŮӣʮӡһ֣άͷǴ
λδһǿ׶ԵǸŭԣ˶ЦĸҲĶֻ֡С۾ڱ߹Źɨɨȥһ
Ц˿ˣЦλԶ࣬лң˵һ˷׷
ˮ˾ֻûô˿߹ˣʵ
߹»ûˮΪߣȻڶЦļƻУռżصλá
Ҫ֪λֹ֪ʦˮ˾ѾȥڵĴʦ·ʱš
ĻһЦϡŭѭȥλġ
Цһ˵˾ܴô˵˴£ȼ֮һ֮ˣĥǹĹƨʦʱüôλ·Ĺƨʦɣ˼ȥɡˮ˾лλֶ֣ʱ֪ѾڣӵĽᡣ
𣬹֮⣬ǹûڳڵ·һ衣
ŭʲôڴǴʦѣھս
һδ䣬ǰӺȻըľм絶罣ȥԭûȴѾߵλƳ⡣
ʧɫˣһ˵ףۼǧľ̾Ҫ̵ϣȻһ죬Ⲩ磬ܲȻʱռڴʱȻһͬͣһ㡣ľмͻȻһƬڣֹ״ǰ޷硣
һ˲絶罣ľм䵽ϣܴţһ˳ʮ⣬δŭλġ
˿ȥλ˽񶫷Цº͵Цλǿͣ򲻿ɶ֣ǴĿЯֲ磬ͬԸλħܣ˱˴˺¡ߣ˶Уһ
׻޵еͷ˵˵ǣֻλ̫ǹŹ߹ȻĶ֣ܱƲһҲ޲ɡ˵վһ򵭲ڹŹй˵ļ¼һս֮ģʱǽ߹ߣͬģ˵Ǹûᡣ
ĴŭȻܲıڽ졣ۼʮλŹ߹һͬܲȫȻʽѾǲݵľ棬ҲЩɫ
Ц˵Ǵ˳Ϊ˭ǿֶ֣񡣡ºͣâ˸ŭ
ĸЦ˵һȺŴ룬ǼһҲһ֮ߣ߹νʦôʲôڹ꣡
ŭúãûҴʦұ߹ս
䣬һ˵ʲô£зôҶˡ
һ޳ӰǰֻʮӣӢϹһ˿ˣһڣϵһ̵ģ
һ㵣ĳ˵ľֹе̫޼ɵˣ
˱߳Ա˵㣬㺦˲ǳҵļλʦҳ꣬Բðɣ


320 
ʱһ·ֻߣһ·
·ʱٲһмʮɫĻ嵽ߡ߹Ѿǰ
ʲôұ߹Ĵʦ·£
һ˵һֱվڶλ֮λŮӣһ·йһ֮ԵĴаʣ㡣
Źȴϲ׻޵кǺһЦصһֱģʱˡŹ˼ˣһʱ׷׾һ˫ֻǿŶ
һʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼ·ϡЩ졣
ݺһۿˣǸʮĺӣȻԷʶ̽ϸһӣܵʲôľأʮԼ˵ʵڲֵһᡣ
Ҳһһش̼ߵĳλһԻƵĳλͽСʡĵӣһ򽾺ˣʱʦڲ࣬ｫСӷΪʦͷȻеҰСӣҵʦڴˣ˭Ҷһ£
ܾһ·޷ʳ̧̣ͷһۡ
ڣƤĿһڶʱһռͻȻӦһʵʰڿռ仮
ģݺȻһЩͺԭ̫Сˡ
벻˾Ȼܲ׵ܲɱ֮ø˷׷׺ˡ
λһ۹ѾһƬ⣬ʶ
һˤڵϣѪʶѾܵش
һʱӵľϢ
ɫ࣬ûæھӣһ𺳵ܣȵҪϷˡĿŶǸһ۹󣬾ȻͷԵ꣡
·ͷû̧˵㣬ұҪλʦѲⲻѾ򣬲ɱ㣬ȥ㣡
̧ۿλӹĵһʦ˵ұһսüһʱʵԸ㣬Ϊ߹ʦȻҲϣƹʦǽˣͲλңұǹŹˣŹͬѪҲ˵ԼҲ
׻޵ͬŹſ϶ǰλӵˣǵ·ޣ·
׻޵ЦСѣƻʳˣףѽ
·ͷһλ۷ʣԭ򲻽ܣػԼйģ
׻޵мæ񡣹άӵҲһһǰ·޼·޴ʱѾΪһ֮ʦλߣλ粻ƽġ·޵ͷк
һֱû˵Ĵ˳ʦЦ˵СѣĹͬٴѣûԵУԼ㣬ʲô´˵ãʹⲻҲҪȵһˣҵ˽¶Թ֮ʣͬӹλ֮սͷŵ¹Ρ˵¡¡㣬߼ϵһλз
·΢΢˵ǰСӿֻλΪаʣɱаа֪ж٣ҪħܶϵļƷܺˣڷ˴κƽٵľͷĪħɱλʦѣǷɱɵģħɽ֮ǰҲһڱţ֮ڱ֣Ͳһֳˡ
Цһ㵣һʱԡԴ·޽г֮ϳһ˿ʱ·һ˵ͷһݡ
Цһ˵֪ͨλ˭֪ħΪǻ֪취أûң˭ɽͷƵŤתǬ󷨣֪ţʮ֮ڶ޷˵ʲôɱħܽ񣬲ȥˣ
䣬һɿ֮ϡ
·޿Ŀ絶滮
ҲȥǸģİɣû㣬ǲܻ˵òĻ֣֮ļƷܾˣߣΪһ죬ˣ˭ҲǾ仰Ͳ
΢ռһ˿ȻȻܲڣ˵һɱıڽҡ·ֳĿһһӶ£һ߿
һѹߺĲ࿹еľ֮飬ﵽ˶㣡
λЩ꣬ʱ˭ÿһλ۹⿴һλɱ
СǴγһӣΪٴĿôķɣŲϧ۵ƭ·޵õ˱Ըóҡ
ֱʱ˶֣ﵽ֮˼ϵܱҲּȣԼеһȣʵڲһ㣬ͲһȼϣͷǳأƮҡһߡ
һ̲žʧֶƾնѪƥͷ壬ͬʱֱֱײڣȻĴ󣬳һש͵ĺɳ嵹ɳ⣡
¡
һߣ·һչһ˫ȥ
ܾȻķ״ƳһΪһѷ顣
λʻ棬֪
һģǰ·һǰһ󣬷Ųˡ


321 
Ժģͷأʱһߣ߹һ˵Сӣ㿴ʦô˵ģ
һ䣬ָһǽ͡߿ĿԵֻ֮⡣
Ц̾Ӣ۳갡ˣӦ˵ˡ
׻޵ߵߣº˵С·˵ò޵ôˣǶйţ˵ħʮа˾С·˵ǽ֣ܾ֮ˣȺк棬羲
Ц̾Ϣ˵ǰС˵һûôࡣҲգ벻ССͣѾļʶԺǹŹ߹иˡ
ԺУҹ缫ȴûҪصȥ·޶ȥķ
У·޷ܷſһ˫ȣһֱʶŵһֱĿռֱ̽ȷ˸ѷɳźһ£ܷŵĳڴаǰ
ٿֹһʱûѪɫ
ʱѾһƬѩ֮ڡ·˫û¶ȣ˵ҴӦʦ磬˵Ϊ룬пһҪ㡣̫ˣԲðɡ·λһĽһλߣ
ɫһȻɬЦòڣεѩ֮УȻһ˿̬˫һѪɫǰšаܱ
һʮˣһֱҲûȤζĻǵøаͣڻʼ۷ϣ޷ƱڣСŮ࣡
һ䣬裬Ѫڰת·ޡ
·ĿһѪɭɭ֮İں֮£
ÿѪˣһֻҰ׵ͷǡݵۿڹͫͫһɭ״ţ治֪ԩ꣬޽֮ĵ㺮
·ֻӳһ
ǰһƬĵУҪ

׵ĸѪĺǰʮȫһƬ
һصһѪٴ˳ȴֶ˶ѪܴǣѾ֮ǰһ࣬ҽУһƬƴϲȻһͷϳҷƮɣ룬ƾն衣
һȻ򵥣ľǵ⣬ÿһӳҪϸϸ޾ĵ⣬ֱȫ͸ˣѧһС
䡭
һϸӵ룬˫һۣѪҲѾ仯Ϊʮ֮ࡣݺᣬ·ޣ
·ȻһȻУѪ׷׻ȥء֮Ĳ̫ˣһ֮ǽףο·ϵɱֱƻѪΪ̵֮а֮һ֮ǧ仯
֮ѪлһƬĻϲķԲһ֮ȫѪѪ֮¡
·ֻһһĵţֻһУܳΪĵУͲǷƷ
ˣһѵһƬѪ˽ĸʱ
䣬˳ʮ⣬ѾϰѪ׵Ļȥһľĸʱ·޾һֱͣһͬһܹҲûһζࡣ
·޼ֱ
ͬè
ҵչֵɱѾԽԽأһһĶǣֽŷ
һЦһЦܹ죬ȻóһֻˮӨ͸һѪˮѪɫִ
·һ㶣ʶԸӦһ˿ΣգԷǴаʰڻûĵơ
·Сĵһȥ
¡¡
Ѫըˡ
·޴ʧɫ̫ǿˣڵһ֮ɽѹ˹
·ӡһߵʮ֧ȥ¡¡ƣڱһɳ֮⣬һǱĵһ
ǡ
ѹ絶ǰаһ˫ѾѪɫ˫۽ߣһһģһˮͷų
·޷ˣһ˫һһѹܷأ֮ʹͬͷųһֻ׵ķж

Хѩֻƿһһ㣬ǵʮ׵ĴС˹ȥ
ˮѾбδȫȻĻŷŴа˹ȥ
һ似ֱµأɫóľУȫķѣɢȥ
䡭
жɹȥ·ĿɿڴĶбʮ㣬Լ۾
ʮ㣬ɨȻ
ЦѪʮ˾ͻӶ˳ǧѪǰɭ׵ͷһͬ·޷ɶ
˭ţ
·޺һءʵ𣬡ɣҵĵ
ˡХ֮ĶǣΪ·޻ӵ£ɽ
֮һɽȴǰٷְٵһһɽ纣ĵɱ⾡纣Х£ѹѾ֮⡭
׵£䲻ĵ̾һ˲ûڵ
ĻһƬѪꡣһһڵϡȴѾ˼ѩء
һаʣ㣬ȥˡ
·޻Ǳ֮ǰһ𺳣벻ʲô似˷ֳʮݣߵǸڵϵĶǰʰϸһԭһռ侧塣
·޾һϰı⣬Ȳæڴ򿪣һЩ̣ѩϣϢָʧȥܡ
һʱ·ſĿȫóֻռ侧壬ϷأһλоõӦڰٽ֮⡣һǰٽ˵ĶѾ֮ϡʶ󿪣·޺Ľ˾ռ䡣
ǰľˡ
ȴܾˣٽ׵ĶУоȻаܺˣһȴһʬǡȷ˵һѻɽɵһƷײı缸ʮ׸ߵСɽȥɭɭĺˡ·ʶһ̽ѻɽȻǳϣǧ겻ֹһ㶹ִѶóһһ֮£дţף
ΪʲôأҼȻ㵽ͷҲûóԵУΪʲôء


322 ѡ
·ԥƬ̣ɽʶСӡ
λһѣΣѾﵽ׵·ޣȻеѣΣòⱾСˡ
ѹ·һʱһϢܼ򵥣ֻмְˡ
˱аһʱ֮֮ģȻѾɱʮޣǵѪȤĶɡʮ޻ʮԴûﵽ֮ͱóˣ˵ģȻͶҲǿһ磡סףʮ֮ڣܴ棡
·޶ʮĵף۾ٿð
ռָһ󲨶һԳһׯ˵̫ˣɱ붯ЩĵĿ·޵ӡʱ·վһѱӷӡǰͬڿһλɱ˰㣬۾
Ŀ˿߰͸˺˺һȻЩʶռָ·޼λСǿǣУλСǿǣӵλ޵񰡣·޸ӵܡλ֮ѵ򲻿һ
ռ侧ﻹһЩţйаģҴǳλа֣֮λа˵ãÿһǵؽ֮ϡвף׵ģ·һۿһϣдţŤתǬ󷨣һ޽֮һ֮·Ȿλվǰһ㣬óƿѼľͨҺ˵赭дƿܽ·֣֮ͬؽһΰʱˣ·޸ǰмӡ£·Ϊʦһ·վ·ǰֿɼһ㡣һ似ȴ·Ҳˣ·һʱٴʹ絶˫۶ĻعͷȥһȺƵױڿ﷢һ졣
˳Ŀռ侧еǧʯȻǰڵϣϢСһ·޽ʯռָ֮ڣλǡ
˳ڣ߹Źձ˱˳·λаʵӰ
ڴڿȻһζһĸһ𣬱⣡
ڻζλڰ֮УĿ𶯴ȥǸƲӣӰϰ죬ͬһŤתǬʩУһƬɢȥ¡¡ûϴ
׻޵ϱɫߵĶЦʲôһаô
Цҡͷ˵ڰ֮⣬˴ƣλǿߵײ
һ־֮ɫ
ԣô˵õ˲
λǿߵĻǲǹ׻޵˵
ЦЦ˳ǿ߰ԴмλĳǿߴڣӦһȺ˺ޣֻǻɽ緢Ȼͷţ
˰죬޶߷׷׻صû뵽˴ΪĹ֮ж˵Ĳ˳һλ˻û
ʱ֣Ѱҵһ˻ʧĴҪطϢȻ˾ͷһչһ˫Կշȴ·ޡ
·ˡ˾ϲظУһ߱Ժǰ߹Ź˸ܴóɸϵ
һۼ·ʱ𾪵Ըӡ
·ͬŴӵػһãĿڣһ˺ۣ洦ɼֻľ񼫺ãһЦĴ
ʦɻˣӭǰȥϵӣ·ϡ
·һЦ˵Ҷˣȥ
ûаҲˡ
ӹ˿·޵ĿЩЩ˼ɡ
·ֱڣܲȡʳŵǰʹҲи߼ѾΧǰ
һ·̧ͷһ۾ڶĶЦ˵ʦʲô𣬴ȥħɽúıһǲеġ
Ц˵죬Ȼˣ˵˵뷨ɡǴˣΪħʲô취ħܣ뿪ħɽ߾ɽѰȻˣķвͨģǶߣ˼һҲħܵĶ֡
·޵ͷ취ãһƣĹҲ˴˴֮࣬ã
ߣһߺһ·̧ͷȥλӹĴʦݺһġ߹˵ʲôãдаڣȥаڵãﻹƴô
ǹҴʦɱλˣվ
ߣ£ҲҪ˼֮󣡡ɻһ߽ӵ
·ĿһӻͳһţɹǰĿռ䣬͵񶫷ЦǰЦһдŤתǬ֣ͷɿϡʶ˿
һͬעĿϣ˺һᣬһ𺳵Ĵʶ˳ͷ˵ͿǸСѴ˹ΰҴĹлСѣ˵һ
·޼æ
Цλ˵ĿϿȥв֮⣬ͷһȻ΢һһϽ˸һŻΪһɻҡ
Сѣ㲻һɡһǸĶ·˵
·һЦȻᣬ˷ȥҪġ
ôħħɽô·ʡ
Цͷ˵취һôܾᣬǴ˷ܾ޴󣬲ȻӦġܺ˵ȴǴ󻼡һ취ЩΥ񣬾ǰס磬еӦ˲ֹħܵͬѪףֻҪ壬һӦõģʱ᲻һеķǾп϶ɽ󡣡
˵취һʱ취дﵽһ£ֻеڶ·У˵Ҳû˷ԣ˶Ĺļ˿˵ҪҲ޿ɺǣֻѡȴǼѣ˭ȥҲֻһ·ħаԣ룬ŵģ·һһüңħܶ˼Ѫ֮ˣȥ
ֲַĥãܣҲû
һ뵽䵽ħֺΣ˺ĵס˭ҲҵһΡ
·ֹסԵĶʵ˭ȥ壿Ŀһλġ
ĿУݺݿ
Ц˵ѡһֱҵ˸뷨ҿǲеͨ
˷׸ЦλҲһߵĳ߷緶Ǿ
Ц˵ֻƴ·СѣһҶ˾ͱһϵħɽҵ뷨ǣ·СѴǰħɽһǰ塣
ⷬ˵꣬һڰ߳Ĭ˿λߵĿⶼǾ壬Ҫֻ
׻޵˵Ӣۣ׻ͬȥ
Źһݡ׻޵д˾ࡣŹһߣΨһ·޻Ǳ߹ĴʦһŹп˵ڴսС׻޵д˾٣һǴŹһǸжЦ֮ػһ֮Ҫ֪ǵϣһλ֪Ϊ֮һӡ֮ءԭħܺΪᱦ֮£ֶĳҲаʮϣ׽ǿħɽ󣬾˲ȥ׵Ѱʹļࡣħһ£źλ֮һͬճһƬأмڷ֮ڡ
Ѿٶ꣬ķӡ֮ѵǿѾԳ룬ֻҪﵽ֮ܣܿӡ֮档
ҵĳѾˣ˵ڵ˲ڶ࣬ﵽ񼶵֣û˵ʱ鷳
һʱ·޺Ȼ˵ûǱħɽ֮лڷͶӢˣ£ͬƥͬȥΪã˵ߣҲֹһλֻҶͬȥ񣬶ǱΪأ
˵ţ·޶ĿЦЦĿλһϡ
һ飬Ĳܡ


323 һ
ĵܲҪȥˡѾ·޻ȥһٻȥΨһһʼҲ㳹ʹˡ
·ЦŨ˵һս㵹ͦԼ˵ҿǱŤתǬ󷨣Ҳ֪ôǸа󣬿ҲȥħɽģҾҪ㣬һͬħǰɱʦѣַаĴҿɲȥһٹŪһȥ٣ҪľɱһθҷģɱħܣĲΪˣ
ݺƵĽֱ⡣ʲôˣЦҷԣһСС񣬸ҽаһλİħͷ̫Цˣܿסħܵһô֪۱ˣͬã㽫շôĲٺ٣̫ˣ˼ٲֽѵ㣬Ͳ֪ߵغ񣡡
ߣ·ȥ߱˵ǵȥɣԱˣҵˣаҲֻˣҿɲħܻͣһڵˮƽ
һ㵣ӹ˼̣Ҳ̫ˣһСͬǵĴʦ򣬻˵ⲻǳǶޱȵĳ羴ΪǶҲǴʦֵġ
úýѵһ٣ʦǸûõİͽе
λǿߣдҪΪ˺ԻٽɽЦ˫üں
Ǵӹʦʵð̫Գͽ䣬պЯֲսǼġɻ˵˫۷Ź⣬޲ԼԶֽѵСӣλͽŲ·ޡ
һаʮߣ·ǰյϣԶ
׻޵˵СѣһдΪء
·ЦģһǴҲҪȥλİħͷɣ˵꣬ܡ
㿴ţ·ǰɱޣһŰε壡
ͬ飬ĵߣһ֮гӹǱ壬һʱ˵
С̾Ϣ˵һѺõ
һߣγܵҲȲ֮ͬһҫۣ޴Ȼ֮ǰԼҲõһȣֱӱԷѹһϡ
·޺ϻһջ£޾ɱ̱һͻȻǣвΪ·յĵУ
ĴһһƬƣɫư˳ȥ
ĵһ߹ŹڶѾǰһнʿܺ޵ֱǹʮ׵Ŀռ䣬ƿ˵˼άѹױȣ
·ްӵԷؽ似Ƹǽײһ𣬺ȻܲǷ׷׺ˣ˵ܲڲ֮
һ·ͳʮ֮⣬ҲֻǺһһˡĹЦΡûƬ̳ɣӵϣһзˣ÷ܣ֮ܲһɽѹ˹ȥ
·˫üһ˵ȴаǿ̫ࡣͬһٴȥѾײӭԷĵɽ
䡭
·ٴηˣ˺ᵶʮ⣡ڶڶԷٱѹ֮£ѾЩ΢ĸ򣬿ѹǺö·Ŀ¶ϲɫ
ƲãһѾ似죡
һϱüأӹͬƿǰĿռ䣬֮Ƭʮ׵ľ뱻һ֮ŪþŤ㵶Ʋɵĺ·ޣֱûҷ
·˫һһ˫浶һȻֹˮϵһͬͬһУʱЩ仯ŶԷ似˹ȥ
¡¡
Ӱ·ޱ񱩵ܲʮ⣬һ»ӣٴѲĿӵ˷ܣս۾ȼա
ɣƥ򣬻ʲôоСүóɣе
¶֮ɫһ㶣һԼʮ׵Сӣҽˣͷ˵ã֣Ϸһ̣
ƥͬһ似ٴֳǰǵأѾ·ѹڵ֮£
ȻĴ·ȻˡЦŨ
ԣʦӹ˽е
Цҡҡͷе·СѣЩִ磬֮ʣ
һһ߶һݡʲôߣȻУ˵һ㣬·޻û
·޹Цͬһ˶Էϣһ죬ٴ˺ֻһֻ岽ȴһ׵һ͡
ΪʲôһУСӣϷŪϷ𣡡Щŭɶ
ߣΪʲôһУΪһлûɣñͷ𣡡·޺ȹһһƬȻҳ
ʼˣ


324 
˴˽ĸʱӰûֳʤ·޷ֻһУºȻ
ֱյס֡
·ҲڣеҶˣóԵԹ
ʮĽһͣϳ鴤ĨĨϵĺˮ䣬һλһڵϸѿ
·һԣص˳ⰲŵķ䣬Ϣһٴ⣬еƥ򣬳
һ֣߶ΪλһʦĻ
ܻ⣬ɫѪ죬Ҳ˵ȻܴǣһܵȻ·ޡĿҧгݣ˫Ŀ⡣
̫ɺˣСӣݺ˽꣬ûܹ裡죬ϸǾ飬һ似ͳȫҵףﻹʲôֻ޲һǸСˣܽͷޣ
ɵذĵ⹥һϱɫͷǿƥĹ£ЩʿһжӲֽűĿɿڴĶŶ˵Ĵ򶷣֮ȴǴܴһޣҲǵļ֮һô
·ĵĵҲˣĵһһӦԣһ̲ͣҲòˣÿһƺЩ΢Сı仯ͷ񺰣ľͲܻһбôڣ
˳أ·ڴӶԷܲ͸ҪͬھĵлЦ鼫ˬ
ԽܻԽˬǸ̫ˣ
˼ǧ·ǿʼ
һֱԺڵߣһʱٴο˶ˣ·һһɵĽ±ƻԺӵϿգѾ裡
ĸʱһ·յϲ˵˳Ȼȥɣٽ
ĶУ
һ죬˶ֻʱĻָʱ䣬һġ
һ·վУСӣү߾̲סЦλ׵ķϰ죬һʱ䵶ѩÿһȫܣֱһλƴһ㡣һֱ·ѹ֮⣬ٴεı·һһһԭء·Ǹܽˣأ֮ʱοˣȵȥϢٽ
߻أ˭Ҳͬ˵Ӹһͷޣ
죬˴Ӽٴγڴ֮ǰʱ·޵Ѿ
ÿһȥȻ֮ͬɣƿؼƵ£·޵ÿһһ漣ñÿͷһá·¶ЦȫԼӪĸ֮С
ģţ˽꣬ÿһȫʹ䤱ϵǳɽ
һ·ٴ˵ˣСӣȵ˰ɡһĻ·޴ʱ˿Ѿһµľ磬ÿһһͻƣͷԽԽÿһȥͼһ
ĿˣȻ֧ѾסԷһ֧֮ȥӹһңֽű
еȻ档
·޺ȻХ˵Сӣлл㰡
һ¡
һѾؼȤˣ·ͷȻ󿪣ͻȻ˺ν𵶣һѾһеҲ·ΪֹһУߵ࣬ǣ𵶾ȻֻΪǰ࣬˵ǰ䡣û֮һ찡ʲôĴڣ
ƿһĸ򣬳Ϊּ֮Զֱ·ʮ򵶣뵶ϣ۸ʱһƬġ
䡭
һ֧˫۽Ѫȫ飬·޵ĵϰ죬һ֧һٵĻΪޣֽͬ𰣬һͷ¡
δŵأ۵һѪ֮⣬֮ʱ˶һ̾е߽ԸС
·ӭ뼸׵İУȫıų֮⣬ɽ֮һͬ棬Х
ˣߵסڰգ΢չ·һеĴš
ħɽССþò


325 ʥ
׻޵붫ЦһͬӭǰϲĽɹ
Ц˵СѣǲӦһħɽ֮ˡ
·޵ͷ˻ص
ıڵӷƫҽλָƲ޴󰭣ӹɻ˶Цࡣ
˵ȥħɽ֮£Ц΢üͷ˵²ϣҿǲǽճС
Ŀº͵Ŀ·ޣһڵĿҲͶת·ϡ
·޳ŰΣҡͷ˵Уû֮ȥ壬ֻᱻСҲУҵָ
һʱԡ
񶫷Ц̾˵ȥ£ÿһ춼Ǽ˵ĶȥСѣȥ壬ħɽɺá
·ްԣȻ˵ƾ㣬ܵħܶãһʱʱһӡ
Ц˵߸ЩƴһӦû¡
·Ҫ˵ȻϵĿռָһ磬ٿȻһ£һߴ׵İ͸ķͻȻߡһ֣ǿƥֱƷˡ
ĸ¡
һȻķˡһЩ߸ǲܣ˵ȫΧ֮⡣
·ȭڷͷȻ£һȭֱΣһ죬ȴŲҶ߸ȥ
·ŭôȥ
Ӻίǿе
Ҵ㣡·˫üһȭơ
Ǹ͵ĸȥҪͷ굽¡·һʱЦá
ί˵һֻ꣬ңҴ桭
ߴ󾪡˭Ҳ벻·޾Ȼһֻ񣬺üһǲ˵һֲĻ顣λ޻˵õģ˼ŵĻһֻĺ꣡
ֻޣ
˽Ŀ䵽ϵĿռָϣٿȻһâͬʱӦ˴ҵĲ²⡣˺γѾΪĽףͬӴ壬߼صѹ
ӹ߸ѿڼƻֱھڸлϻ£ԼֳȻǿüѿ
λޣڿĿռռˡ
˺򷽣Ц˵˭̫ʵܲϵĳ㣬Ҿ͵ñѬ
С磬ζء
䡭
ƻԲһצͷϣȻĴ죬һצ£ͷغ棬ʱ䣬ڴѷڵѿһֱǽ棬ֱ
۹ֱŵѷ϶ʶʲôٵܴţ档
¡¡
úõһ˺һצˡ
·Уֻʣ¼ƫһƬ֮ࡣ
ľǻûָģӷųʯһۿֻȻޣѪֱͫɣŵû⣬ȻĲܣûõľľסĳһѪ
·޵ǵʲôңúôţͶҹסҵģңߣĵģ
λһһңֱܲʮ׵İգ粻һֻϧ·ùѪͷһҿֱһĿɿڴ
һ£·޺ȻӻͳֻԴаֵ֮Ŀռ侧һֿռָһ־򣬶Զ˵һһٲˣҪǰҵģɲǸҵģҸ㣬
˺Ĵ˸Ƿ˵ˡٿһ·â𣬷ĿռָڡҲΪ⣬Ŀ˿ָֻĿռ侧壬Ҳ⣬˸У˾֮ڡ
λޣ·޷ҶԼֱ̬λһţСӣҲҸоãͷŴ񶫷Ц˵ûҵĺȥҲҪߵ۷ſɰңûħʱ
ʵ˵ֻ⻰еںţû˵
ֱڣ˾Ȼû뵽Ӧúɱλħܣǻʲôʵ罫λİħͷ˲սʤĴڣ֮ǰλڶ£˭ٴ롣Ķλȥ󣬺ֹٴռܺˣ
Цֳһ˿ɫһᣬ˵һʱµĽ֮ڣһֻ֮СѱΪ˳ʦУĵطڽ߽ˣλ⣬ҽһΣһλˣ䲻˵
·ޱͲǴ˳ˣҼһ߹ʦ֮Цⷬû˵
·޻۾һ˵ô˵ǸطڻʹԺˣǸʲôط
ЦЦ˵Сѣǿ֮ģ໤дǽȥġ
·޵ͷ˵ãȥãҾͲ˻ʹ˵ٿð
ҽ˭Ҳһ
˵һչ·ٿգŲԶĻʹȥ
Цϵ˵ĲԽп࣬׷ȥˡ
λ̾Ϊֹ
·ٶȲ죬Цܿ׷Ҳûж˵˲ʹϿա
ʱѾ磬ʹʳǺܴͬ
Ц˵СԵƬ̣һʱ£ڴ˴֮ʱһʻԴΪصġ
·޵ͷڻʹʮ״
ʦЦʹȥԺͨȥ
ҵһʱ·޳˵
ЦŲͣѸûڻʹڡ
·ڻǰ£ʶſ֮С
һʱܿȥû·һЦվ¶һ˳ģЩ˾͵ôȻͲѡĿˣһνʥأʲôã仰˵ΪõʥؾӦã
ǰؼʿеȥͨһӣͷҾͽȥˣ
ؼʿۼжĸͬϻ˽ȥûðӣһȺƷε߳һţóмʼŤ߷߽еˣˣʲô˸ڻʹҰˣ
·˲˶ЦĿԣЩû취ģ
·ЦˣȻ˲ۣǻʲô˵أѾİɣ
Ĳܣչգ˫ֻϣһܶƿһаˣ
һ˲˻ʳǣ
ŵλߣֱܲǵأԵǸʲôܶһ׵ͷų֮ʮףըӸӵľף
ʲôʥʣ״ʿܱܶǰһøɴ䣬һʱʼԺͬ꣬һһʯֱʮ׸ߡѹ̫౯˵·ޣʱȻһĺ˹ȥϰ˲һѪ꣬˺͢ʿ־糱ˮʹﵹת۵ĵѩǹָ֣ļŬܲ͸˹
·۹һ䣬߹һȻ֮ǣֻ䣬ɫķܶѾҫۣؼķܶ׷жжѪɺӡ·һ˫ĿҲڴʱ
̵أӽʥأǰǣǲۣããȺСѾģ
һȻ״ϻʵЩ˳ЦͷеСѣǿϷ򲻵Ҫˡ
·¡¡𣬽еһսСģְɣ
Цһ࣬ߵĿռһŤﵽ˰˽Ĵʦưܡ
·ѹЦ׹⣬ӭ·ޣһ̩ɽ


326 
·Цһ𣬾һֻ֣һֻռ侧壬ϵĿռָѾ𶯵ÿռŤ
һֻʮߵ˺·ߡɺѪͫѪâ̰Ŀ˴ԡٿȻСǿ·һߡӵĺס
·һָЦҪɵĻܼ򵥣ɱˣֻʹĨƽˡ
ƽ˶ֻеĿȸԭȻһ˿Ц⣬һۣͬħ
Ц·޵һֻܶѾƿһаɵǰ
Ц˫ֻһ˫ּӭ·޵ķܶ¡¡춯أǰɫƺƵ˹ȥ
ȻĴУǧഫĻʹԺѾ˺һ֮£צľһﲻֹĴСצ˦һһצٴγһƬɳʯ¡¡УһǰȻͣҳ
ǣͽĹҲԲʽĳײ˶ײȥ¡¡Уӵк߶ٻ壬ǿ񱼳лһλ಻ϻϡʮ꣬һŸϻʼԣʱŻʧ룬ɫȫһ࣬˼űԺ
ǵٶĸϵλޣ˺ˬ˸߲ңѾͣˡ
һ·̳ʳǶζͬһҵĵ¡¡˴˳񱼳ѰǿģȴǻʹϽ֮أʮ׵ķɳʯֱ̳
ôˣʹŻˡ
о𡭡
ǲ˿ẮԺ
˳һλŭڵ˺ǰ˺һЦСצͣһ˫һӡǰӿһɫһǽڶ֮䣬¡¡У˺СצѾһڵˣķȻǽӶĴϵİ£ϻʵ۹ķ֣ڵҵ֮䣬˴롣
λҪʥص꣬Ȼͬ˽״ĴʦòʤѾγ·޻ÿһɵذѹޣ㶫ЦףҲȥˡ뵱꣬·һʥ֮ʱƾ˵սʼοʱѾȣһһи׳Ƴ簡
һоҪϹʦȫ似ӭɽ纣ĵڶУѾǿ࣬Ȼкڹ⣬һذĵɨֻеѹޣȫڵ޴˷ˣ޷࿹һܵʱĵľһľ˲ͬ춷Ρʱ·һʱֻλףûнҲƴ˽ĸʱù룬ڴͬȫг棬ﵽһڻʹϿղһƬ£չƿ˵
ʦЦˣͬʱ֧ܣϵһأɳ֣ѾȫǾ⣬ⳡսٽȥˡ
ϻʵ۶ɸ𣬡λɣٴˣӦˣȫӦˣȥĶԡ
ߣ·޳߹չڰա
˺ǵĶлڼ˺λ֣צӳĴͳܵ飬ڶҲǱŰһ֣Ƕ·޸м㣬ǶôĸοԷй̫ˬˣӲʯͷ­âҫڵüʮ׵壬ͬһ̨ƻʯľм׷죬òֺ
Сѣסְɣ϶Цˡʦûŵ޷ӦԵ¡
ˣǻɣ·˵˫֣һǿռ侧壬һöռָжڴˣԺɨ˹
˺ַһղסĵǰѾյһƬǽһ㶻סǰĻһĹһЩƫڲ˳ֵĵط˴ݲ⣬һƬǽ壬ȫǶϱڲԫǧ⣬ľĶƬͬ޹սҾвᣬλϻʵۣ޳ˡ
ݵİʮλͣһߣѾ¸ϵͬǧĿɿڴ
·޵Ŀ˾ηǲ˼졣λǰٸ棬׻޵пǰ꣬һ֮ﻹǸһɬ꣬Ѿܹƿ˵ܹԼԸҪõʲôҲñ˸ߣֱȥáλڣŹԴ˸ۣһ¡
·޺һͬںȳҹλٲɣâ·еĿռڡռһ󲨶λʧ
·޸ˣСʵۣҪʥԴ·


327 ۾
ϺĻʲôսս˷ţԺȥһڿ󻤼ݡ
·һձС
ʹѾһĿȻչһ°ߵƫǰϸΧԺԺǽѾ治ࡣ棬ͿһСɽٲ˼ɽ̨ͤһ࣬Сɽ²۵һطһʯšʯſȥͺطǳѾ̦˵жˡϻʾʯŰվ½Ųָʯ˵Сˡ
򿪡·˵
ϻͷһ˫ûи۾һæǰȥʯãҵأ·޼һ۵ͻ֮⣬ʯžͷɬһߡ
Ķڲڣ΢͸·һϻϣϻϻͷ״̬ҵĿĴʦЦ˵ͬȥȥһΣϤ·޺һ˵ûб㣬ҿɲµ档ֻίˡ
ۻʵۡϻ֪㲻һµڡЦ·һ롣
һɫʯ͵ıڣıڽҲʪһ·£ԽԽǿгףһʯǰϻأУ뼸ףһһֱʮʯţѾ£ߺȻˮռ䳱ʪ߳ףǰչһƬأ
ǰѾһ޴󵽷˼زĴɽͷＸ֮أһ˿ͷ£Ǵͷϵĸط¶µġһٲǰʯϣٲСɵϪʹӽ붴ڵһපڡϻʵһָǵٲ˵Ҿٲ棬Ҳûлˡ
·ۿһۣѾӦһƣٲڴ֮ʢܲɵȻĲܣ׵ıֱָʵ۵ͷ
ǽȥ˵ʲôǴаޣ
ʦЦҲܣüͷڻߡ
ϻ̾Ϣһ˵շޣСȡϵһѪȥɣŵһʼѪζͲṥˡ
·ǰϻҧһָѪҺĨϣȻ˺һǣݸ·ޣ·޽ӹٲȻ뵽ʲôͷԶЦ˵һͬ롣ЦЦ˶ֻһ˿룬Ȼ޾ͻṥģȥɣгɣҲ˴˳ֻ㣬֮ʱẦģ
·޻ǲģȻóռһ𵴹ֻ˺ͷǣ·ָŶ˵վҲһҲߡ
޺µطȻһԾʯǰüһһȻڣֻ͸´ˡ
·ٲԥ־ǿ½ٲ
ģٲֻһȻŻһڣ۾Ȼһʯţ·޾ȥľǽҲҪȥοֻʯšų쳣Ż󿪣·޵ǰֳһֻߴʮףһľԳ
޵ԣһ㶼ƫңлӶ࣬ǰλ۷ĻԳǻ𣬻ֱϼ׸ߴʵһȼšԵı״̬ƽʱȴºͣγ
Գ޴ͷ­ֳǣһԺëֱͷϡ˫죬ֻ֧۰ϸĵ֫󣬱羫ƣֶ˸ǳҵĹâǣҡ·ޣѹ֪֮𣬺ĸǣĺ·ȫ𣬶ʹ
·޽ϵǿЩ֮ѪĲƬݹȥֻԳֹ˳ڲƬϼܵšȻһ˫Ĵ۾յ·ǰֻ޴ָͷ̧ϸһ¡¡˵ˣ
·һôģ˵Ҳǡ
Գҡͷ
ˣζ˻ʼѪԽ˵ó塣ڶչ·ǰ
·̱ڶһѪʯסˡһ״СѪʯϢȻͬصҺӵλԭʼһֻ̬Ǳǿӵľ޴󡣹⻪ѪʯɫĹâͶ졣
Ȼ
ͷģȴǵϵһֲԼףҶƬֱʮƬ׸£·ĴȴǣȻͷǿѪʯֹݵϢ
ʵʰϢҶУʧˡЩҶڻ趯šͬԵø˵һȺͯ
·޺ȻΪȻ׹ﾹȻĶ츣أֲͬʣģһȻֲ֮
·ȻΣһתҵ˶еһһ͹ԼͷϵĶϣһƤֽϣһֻ޴ԲԲһָɾݵSߣжϿһŨΪһΪһһм䣬Ȼֻ۾
ۣ
Ƥֽͽʯϣ˭ȷϳֽ⣬ֻʯڡ
۾
һܿ΢΢գ
۰ͫ˫ֽϵ˫תͫĿ·ޣ
䡭
ܴǣ·ޱ˫۾ŵú䤱ˣһɱڣڶڼ·ްε壬֣ﰲࡣ
ǹô̫ļˣ
ʲô·ȵ
˻شֻǷ޷һһ׵澹ȻЩɡ
ɣôȥԳ¡¡˵һָ·󴦵һƽչĴʯĺۼн뵽˾ġ·ĬĬ档һ˫Ҳ벻ǷǷе˫ҲȻգ¡
·޲һ⣡ģҲ̫ˣôҲֻţҼпͻȻС
Գܺ˵
·ޱһЩѹ
֮֮ٹҲֻһʥأ˲վԼС֣ΪŶԼ˱ʱ䡣뵽·ޱ˫ۡ
·ǿѳĳʶϢ
һУ·޾ͱԼһϢԶӿ塣ɵһУſͶм䴦޾Ϣڡռ˲ӯ
·޿ϲŷٶȣٶȲʹϢ̫ˣϵӿ룬ڵ֮ڡɿӳܡ
Ȼ·һΣһȣϢңһѪЩӲѹͷĿ𣬽Ϣٴ˳ת
ʶһ˫Ƿһģһ۾֡Ŀ塭
·޾۾ǻģһ˵ģǿֲǣأǿ׵ʶûӦﻹһ˴š

ħħˣټʵҲӦģҰοͻȻ۾ֱűϵǷ
һһںǿ󵽰£ɽ顣·۵˲䣬񺣺˫۾ٿʧˡͶĿǷоԼһһ뻭ȥΪеһ΢С޵Ĵš


328 ϣ
Ŀԣ۾۾ԷĶ˫۾Ȼľ˼·ʶ徹Ȼǣ뵽һռ֮ڣ󾪹·кȻֹˮ㰲ͣʶһ˫۾ȻĲ뵽ǸС
·ģ·޳ڹ޵֮УĹ˶ǳޱߵĺڰ壬Լعţɣ·Ϊģһɺڳ֮ɫһȴǳİǹ貣һһĽȻͬ·Ϊᣬã޾·޵ڡ
ﵽ֮Ϣ·޵壬ֻƽĿţһ
ʱţ·ߵǴԽֲɫӱԵʼɫݻ棬޾Ҷ䣬εϢ·⣬ǸԽԽΰ׳ȥϢһۼеѪҲɫǳõԳ龰ۺȻɫæڵϣס񣬲ʹԼܲ·ȥ
ÿʱڱ仯ɫ쵣½룬ôִʵʰӯͶ·޵ĵռҲжϵĸıšӵһžڵռγɣѾһſŵšϢڣȱ仯ȻʵȻһö״ȻΪ壬ٲȻѾǸСš
һУ·޲ֻں֮С֮
Сɽ΢΢ٲ֮ļˣʯĿɿڴĿţӦһؼγɡ
֮ʱй龳𣿡ϻüʵ
Цҡͷ˵£΢ȥʱֻϢһʱ͵ֵһ꣬ϳʱ߽׵Ĵͻƣ޾գѾǴ컯ˣʱ᲻ƣԼ֪Ʋģ̫ںΰ糬ܿصѾϳܸ֪ġ·ӦĴ컯Ѿ˸ĸ򡣡
һ̾ȻЩ֮⣬ȴ˺ġ̾˵ǵϴһֱͻƣɵϣܸһ壬ҲǸ޵Ļ̬
ǴͬУͷ˺ĸһǣȵʲôϴӦ㱾ʲôΣ
ǵ·޽һģʱͷϳʹҲЩͿˡɵôΪԣҡͷ
ʱ·޲ûдǹâӵɽﵹһµСһ㡣
һ·޻桭
ԳҴӳ˳ɽѾ䣬ֲֻʣһ΢̵ӣһϣಿֶίڵ¡ѪѾӨ͸ûһ˿ѪɫϵƤʻһһɺɫ
·޴ʱ˿̵ĵѾɺƬﺣһǺӻš
ϵǺڡ֮ޣ¾޽У
ڶ죬·޵ʶһ¡¡ӣѾǼܣܵԴڵĿռ䣬ڵһռҵ֮·һֱߣҲһֱע㡣һʱ޷Ǹռ䷵أǼҳħ֮һʱϧĴţûгַֻɡ⣬ʮգǵҵһǰԯ٣Ǹ϶һֱۼҵˣӣһ;ֹҲֻǸʼ
ȥǿպȻʧøɸɾ·һſ۾ڵϣͷȥ
ϣ׶ʦӼˣ
̧ͷ·ѾӨȻ
벻ǸȻΪ򿪵ģϣһֱڰԼ˫۾͸ռ֮
ʦһֱ·Ķʦλ֮ߣڸĸ֮¡·޸п࣬תͷĹˣʱ֮ʱѾ˷츲صı仯
ڰյѪѾֳһֻҰ֮ɫڰûȥѾǸ漣ǴֲֻһӣڵϣҲûټˡһ̧ͷϷƤʻһֻ΢ڵƤ
Ϣ·յøɸɾֻԳһȻж
·޶ƻҪ֮󣬲ָܻ
ԳǱ仯
·˼һתӹ壬̿ϲХ
ɺǺӣ·֮ǰİٱֱͲӦе·ЩҶ꼫֪ͷųһʲôĽ
һХѾɽ飬ɽⶼ
ֻԳ㶵Ŀ·ãҪȥȻ̵һ·޹£ľͷأͷ
·޲Цʲô˼Ϻ
Գ¡¡˵ۣİٶˣҪ壬Ҫ㡣˵䱿׾ֲߣһֱطҲûô˵
·޹Ц˵ҿɲʲôۣʲôҲܸ㣬ҪǸңҿɱ֤ܸܲڵĻᡣ
Գ˺һӣףһͷȥҲ˵
·ףѾԼˣ㲻ԼҲлڣѾİٶ꣬ûʱˡͷ˵߰ɣܰﵽپͿǵ컯һᾡġ
ԳϲڶڷХһһٲȥ
һٲ·ǰľƵޡ
ԳһϻʱȻ΢΢ݣϻϵǳ϶ֻԳйȻҲϰ֮áϻʵŵɫ԰ףæ
ЦעĿ·ޣһһѾ䣬Ͷ䣬ٲȻķֻ֮ӵƺ´·æʵΪʲô񰡣Сӿɾҵ
Цϲɫ˵ϲСڣѾ֮ϣôݰ˵ɱħһҲл
·΢죬˵ˣûڣֻǸ۷ˣħǷɱɵģСӻΪģ
ϻҲҪǰݣ·ס
ʱɽкȻĴ죬һʯĴɽһѾһ


329 
֪ʲô˺ͻȻѡ
˺Сצһ̣ʯѣʯСצ֮ϣȻԳ
Գһ˻һֻȭ˹ȥ󣬱۰ǳԶܴﵽ߽ס˺ǿࡣһȭ֮˺۵ʯɽϣ¡¡𵴲СĶը
λߵһεȾɽҡΣڲ𵴸ӵľס
̵ģʲô谡·һ䣬ͬʱ򶴿ڡʯ£ڼٱ
ʦЦһѱλһپŶЩ겻ĻϣǿҵܲѾȫڽ˫һֻ޿һ֣򶴿ڡ
ɽѾۼ־һҲڼ⣬˳ͻȻɽҡУһˣ˵գһչڿУλ߹ʦ·ޡ׻޵һڱ߹ŹϴϲһյȴǴ˳ʦЦﱧλɫľȻϻϡĴ֮գľѾ˼άɥʧȥͬ׳ͬ
ƬԲʮСɽը˿ɽƷˡͬըڵ汬ը±ըγɵĲһӾǵԤ롣
λûӶڷɳըɽ壬ϰС
˺צٲһ͵ɽ壬һĿааĿһߵĴԳĵݳеľɽѹٱѹȥռһ
Գſ˾죬֧һ֧ܹӭ˹ȥͬʱθߣȻһȭ˰գײ˺
¡¡һҡ˺צϵɽķѣʯˡ
˺Գһȭ֮䣬һչҪһɳ죬ѿԳĹΧԳ̫ܳ࣬һȭֱѹ˺һ䣬Գһţһֻܹƿռ䣬˺
˺Ŀһɣһһķȥ֧һӹȥ
ԳһӴѾǵذȥ
һԳķӦϣСȡһ죬Ȼײһһͬˤڷ֮СŤһⲫ֫ϣ컥ҧšתȭ裬ֻޣǽʮ׵ڷ䷭һšһ·ͬշ
ǿĿɿڴ
ôˣʲô˵ʵ
ħޣ˵ģ˵
˵˵ǻͬħսֻںľǻޣ͸ľλСħͷħޡ˸С˵
·ֺЦȹ˺дԳ֣Ѿһֲˣ·ߵֻǣ΢Уֿ˻˵һźãҵͷ֣ߣһ
Ц˵Сѣɣʣļƫٻˣûбµ֮ˣ
·һձռȻͬʱ޳ͻأĳֻ֮ࡣһ죬۵ץסֻޣ˫һ֣еǷֿ
Ȼܹĵ֫Ȼǿ˿
˫һ˦һֻ͸˺һֻߴ󳬼ĴԳ׵ıӳʮ⣡
ֻ϶ܵ˶Էʹβŭ۾ѪһƬ֮ʣһ䵽ϣͺ֫˵棬ٴȫԷײȥֻһգۣ˺צ϶һֻɽԳغһȭͬʱһ㡭
·޾վǸϡ
Ǵľ档
˺ɽ֮һǧĴҲһ飬ҵӿ˾ĶǡѾﵽ˱̬زǿסԳһȭ֮ôԳһȭӵľ˲˼֮
һ㣬Ŵŭﵽ壬һƽʱһ뵽ʱվмĲ·޶Լʱ亹ֱ
ѹִͬɽĿռ䲦üϱɫ
Ŀ⼯е·ϣӦö˫֮£
·ֻ˫ۣӭϡĿ΢ӦѹͬʱﺣǺӺȻĹ⻪ǣһ͸·ֻٴһѹҲῸ¡ɺתԼ£
¡¡λ֮˵λ֮Źþòɢ
Ŀ򳾰֮У뾡翴ʱЩһǰǣмֻվ·һ塣
ֻޱֱʮ⣬죬ʹ쳣
Գʹֱģ˺΢
·ϵĿռָȵǶ·޵ڣ˭ٴ֣͹ԶԶģҲң
Ʋ졣
Ǳ׵ｹۣȫ·޵ĸˣСҪֻްҲ̫˰û޶ˡ
ᣬرλʵۡ
˺Թĵһ۴ԳҲٿ𶯹˺һ壬·ϵĿռָ֮ڡ·һԳķϰգ֮ǰڰϾ֣ٴǸȥȻһˣֵҪӳʳȥ
صĺһ·޽еСӣ룬Ӧһȥ򣡡
Ҫǵһʮˣһ͡ͷңңһ·ڼĻʹϿЦ
һһ䣬һ˶Ըոոԭĵ˵ʦز˼ˡ
ĺһһҡ


330 ټ
·һֻʮ׸ߵĴԳˣһֻǣıչܿ˴ӹǰЦЦĿһˡ
ȥİС
һСľѪƴĳ嶯ŪüԻ
ôŭգѾָҲԽӿ
·޹ЦеĴԳ˵˵һͬȥģС׼ˣǽͶ˵òá
Բŭ㣡֪ȥĻܴӦһ֮˭֪ˡ
·Ŀ̱ü䣬վǰһưǺ֮·ޣʱڼӳ֮Բһ֮ڶѹѹʵһ㣬ԽԽǳأᣬռ䱻Ūճˡ
ѹ֮£ѾɫȻʱ˿̵·Ѿһ¾磬һԼֵûе¾磬̾˿˵Ըɣ·
·޵ͷ˵ã·
Ĺ߾һ򵥻һ£ȥֻ·Ķˣȥħɽһ˾һʱһͬħɽ
ħɽһ󣬽Źͷֳӣһ·ڷ֣Լ̫һΪǣ·ȶ壬һʱɽ
һʱħɽϣһӦļѪһһȥ᲻һеϣ߾ɽٴ
··޺˵һĸˣһ£ϼһﷴĵһ·ָ˹Ź˼ľһֱһڲ档˭ǲ鷳
һ·Ѿͷö
һ·нһ쵽·ǰ
ǰ·ʱλ͡עĵȻǸ·ԵǸ޴Գ
ޣԻաƥԳȻҲһˣǰĿλʱһʱЩš
үһ˳
һ£ǰһƬһܽȥһдſүүˡ
ĸүµסʡ
ү·ް
·޴߽·ҵĴԺ˵·Ҫ˶ѾǨƽԭǣ·ҵµļ֧ϵǳƽԭǡһᣬ·ǰӿڡģԺĴһƬ
·괺ǳ֧·Ⱳ·үү̫үүĴڣЩеѾ뷢Բԣ·޿ͷȥ
·ܵ˴˫һһܴ˫ֲϳһֱ֮ӽ˷·˵һˣض·˵أҡ
Ⱥһ֣ӵڣ·޺Ȼһ㶣˴Уһˣ޷ˮ⣬ȴǸƯı
޳ˣĴ磬ڻˡһʱ侹Ȼǰ
·޼ߣգ־ϲЦСѾͷˣްôģ
һͷĻҲ
·һתͷ𴦣ʱ˿̵Щ졣
·С֣һͬڡ
Ȼ䣬ֻ֮ǰϣҲ֪ǲ·޼ʶˣһУԭĸ߸ϣ·ȴֻһĮ
λҲã·ߣϺڲ£һ·˶Զ֮Ҳ徲
ʱ·ʱ˵ԼԴɽ֮С˼˿·˭˭ͻȻıֶ·޾˵˴˴εħɽ֮С˴ϲƺֻҪ·޳һж⡣
·޿Ц
ֱԵƵƣһ·Ķ˸ط䡣·޷ԸķǰվҶԷͻع֮⡣
ʵľ·޵ļ裬Ѿ־˻ع֮
·û˯ˣССĿһŴϡ
ø磬ô㣬һϾ˯š˵šһ꣬СѾ֪ʣŮֻ֮·һ˵ʲôҲҪһ˯ģ˭Ҳˡ
䵭ķ㣬·ЩԳ
ʶϾͳһӰһԴ֡ڵüë۾ɫС죬ǾǿĻȣԭһ֮СһȻǸкӣҲǲ˼飬Сɣ֪ڸʲô
һ뵽СɣѾ˷Ӧ·侲ʱôˣһֱƽԭô
Сϸ죬룬˵û͵ߡʵС˼·һգһȻ뿪ƽԭǣһһͬ߹·ÿһ߹ĿջҪסշת˯
벻
·޺Ȼ˵ҽϢɣܾϣһֱҲûʲôɣ
ҡͷ˵ɣš
·˵ҾҪȥħɽˣ֪졣
ûϵģҪȥġСȻ˵
·һ
ҴȥΣգûչġ
˵չˣԼСסңҾ͵͵š
·޴󾪣˵Ҫȥɱˣû׼˼ɱ㲻ȥ
ɫһţˮ
·һǰ壬һ뵽˵ҪŵĻֹסһ˵ҽϢעľ
˵һٿͷϣһܹȥѾʶ˵һϢΪԼΪ֮Сûеʲô
񣡡
·ͬӴʶ졣ʶСÿ·ȫƿԼ֮£ǿ״̬
һʱ֮·£ʼйĵһС
һҹжȹ
ڶ죬˳ѾֻʣһˣǰһˮĿдţñ㲻ȥζ̫ǿȥ˷ңרĶԵеĻ·ΣգֻҪȫʩΪӮһҡڼҵҵĺϢҴӦ㣬һֱӵ㣬òãǧôĵġһ
Сһ˫ָԼĲȥ


331 
磬ĺΣ𡭡СȻãʰС
ڰϣһʱ䲻֪Ǻãˮ
죬·ľСɽ¿Ŷų
ɫ˫кѹֵĹâһֻһֱһʯϣ̧ʱʯһֻӡʯڰࡣ
̫
·˫һĿ䵽ǰǸķӡڡǸһˣħܵѪס
Ȼҫۣɽ
ļ̾Ϣվһ϶ڵȻܴһһӡһ磡
·޴ŴԳ롣ڼޡڶǰһƬȮŵһûܵŤתǬĲ滹ǳľ¡
׵·˻ۼȻ˿˵һˡλ̣һĿˡɫľȻһӶλ̲λްˣæܶ˲ȥƿ壬һѪ⡣УһСԺƽСԺ̴һ̴ٵľȻֹ˲תڶԺС
׬šһĸֻŶɱ·
·ŴԳչڰգ˫Ŀ棬ûһ߳Ӧóˡ
ķ廧˼ңʮʱȫˡӭ˵޹ʶѪͫʡ
Գܵ޾ɱ⣬Ǻǽ˼Щ·סһֻħܻɱ˵£ɰɡҪȫԸħܡҪɱ
һħʮħһѪһɴʹֱʶʹѡʮһۿĴҡ趯ħģĿѪһ㡣
ЦһƬ⣬ﵽʮ׵⣬ͬһոһ㣬һʮ˻Ѫ⣬ڵϡ糱ΪѪӵķųѪ⣬һ֮ѪѾǵء
ʮĿ굱Ȼλģûȥ·Ѿǰ
ʮ﷢ҰްХУǰ
·޺Ȼһ£ͬʱʮ׸ߵħƿռ
·΢üͷĿ⵭ȻתǺ֮ܲӿȳɱһǰһǰ߳ȥ
Ȼײ˲伴ţƿԷܲħΣֱ䵽ʮϡ
һ
׵ʮš
ۣ
һѪ꣡
磡һУе˺ѷΣ˫۳Ѫħκڷһħħֱܲʮ⡣ٿĿռѾ·ǰħܵ£߷ֳʮŤź£һ֮¶ħ˻ţѾħ飬ľɹ
·޺һһڷ磬ߴʮ׵ĴԳޱ۳ְ㻮ȭյħѪͫ
·һɽش֣Էħܵײһ
۷֮ײף
ħﵽ߽ĴԳײһ
¾ײĺƣײķݣڵн쫷ɨΪƽأ
ڿдʮ⣬þòϢ
·ʮףһȻĿŶ档տҰƵᡣ
˺һҿܡ
żܡ
˭ӳȥɢ߰ٱѩޣ
ȥħڴ˰
նݳ
·Ժֳͷһ飬ѹԼƽԭ¡֮ʱ¡ߵʱں޵Ŀ⣬ںڵ겻һɱ·ޣӶŴ
һҲ
ͷһԼͷһ뵽·Ҽҵʮ˿ڣǰһˣࡣ
һ̾еֻзԼ
˫һֻ˺ӿռָһֻϣһǾ޴ѪĴһ˫ûи۾֡
һĿռ侧壬ͱ۹ѪɫŪü˫ѪɫͫףעĿ档ԳЩѪȵһΡмĿޣһ̼ԣѪҺˣ
ء
쳤Х线
ֻ˺Ц촽
ȫɱˣ·˵һָ档ŷȥ
Х޴һȷ磬ӴСǧ񱼡˺ӭͷ
ֻ޾̨̨շѹƿһеķж¡¡֮ǳ̳ҽӣ֫пѪˮĽܵܶܣһޡλħһܵĵĿɱ׳һ㡣ֻѪɫ
ҴһƬѪ
ʱ伸͡·ͷֳʼţħӦøϵˣħɽ˲һλħòһʱģ
·̧ͷɫЩ԰ףء
ĴӣѾ˳˷硣·ֻûӶ⣬ڿռٶ˲ϢӰγ󣬵һ֣ǼѪꡣ
ûӳ֮⡣һŹأ·εĻѪɱŨͲԽʳʱ졣
ʱɱлн
һʱȥ
ħɽ£񶫷Цһ֣һаⲻϣܴ׵ħɽȥ


332 ˭Ѫ
ħɽϵͷŵøӾңնīɫħɽ·ɽڣɽĳֱмӵ
Цһ˵ȣٶӰȫڽâɽͷȥ
ħɽߣɽȴҲհѩ
һӣһѾǰһ׳۾󣬼﷽Բڣ˽ʮֻܾˣʱ˿̣ܺˣͬʱͷſ񱩵
˺ΰĽǰͬɽеһ㣬С޲ߡ
ǽɡЦ˵
߳˴֮ӣܴһ˴һˣ󴫵ЦϡЦʱ˿ȫųâ˫ƣߵһܺ˴ȥ
䣬ϣ˶һ𣬼ܵͷţЦס˫֣˽ȥһžŽܺУȡ󡭡
ǿʮƤֱȥѪһͬȺһССܺˣ̩ɽ
¡¡
ħɽ𵴲Ϣâžˣ˿ưǣֱó󡭡
һȡЦסһҪѪһȡţɽӶٶڲ
ܺһ󣬾Ĺâ΢΢ĻҰ֮ɫܿ죬߾ͶһѣɽƶĹâʼ𵴣֮Уƽɵǧ֮ΣֳǲǴ֧֣ħΣ񱩵߳£ƶ۳ǵīڰ壬Űʮ߿ɶ¡
Ҫ죡׻޵ͻ𣬴ʵĿⶼǾ֡
ЦϲͣȻ۵һѪһȫĽ
䡭
磡ڽǰȥƮɢա
ЦϲͣһѪ
ƸһЩŻɵ֮ɢȥֵա
䡭
ڶεİʮīٴײ£
ۣЦһͷڵϣѪ⡣ɣÿյġ
׻޵жĿһɿ֣յνȥһ׻ƸһƬƹâ
ʮλߣйλڵڶλϵĻϣλͿڵϵĶЦһ·ҵϰ칬ʮ·ħŤתǬ󷨡
һ·ǰո֮лȥ̫һ׻Ƹӵĳݺᣬ֮ڸǰһȻӸꡣ
һ·ƻʮ·еĵһ·İƷŤתǬˡһɢȥȥؼػ˳ʵ磬Ĺңݣлߵж
˴ħɽһսעΪ괫棬һֱȥ
ֻʣһλʮСӣӷ֮ȫ˵Ѫʬ飬˵ѪҺɺӡնܼλ޶ãǿȥߵò죬Ҳͷ
λ޿СҲЩˣͰĿλλָǣһֱĴʶŵ֮⣬ҲûλӦó֣Լħܳ֡ģˣ
Ŀֿϲһһâɹռ䣬ٲͷһշЦ𣬱ԼĴӹȥˡ
λʮ˼ȻһͷڵϣپͲˣظ˺ôĿӡ
һֱͣڰе·ȴüͷ壬ûʲôɸ˵ģȻۼշų⣬ȻѾˣӦħûÿи鷳һֱжԼòߡ
óռ侧壬·ٻ˷ǣÿռָջ˺·޷ȥʮ׸ߵĴӴԳˣһĸչ£ԼĹŹȥ
·ҵ
·һ·ҲûϢֱҵڣһڳе·ţʰһ£ҹҡ
ߣ˶ͬڶ˵һ㡣λһ㶣ȥ˸ڰյ·ޡ
һģһֱֻСʡʰˡһϲе磬һ߰
·޵ͷһЦɫмǡ
һλϽеΪʲôҪҰ˴ҵ˲ǸС£漰ʮ˰
·޽еж˶ҪߣߣȫᵽƽԭȥвⰡ
ү˵˶Ը·ôһʵ
·ҡͷ˵ҪԸǣҪǵ壡ֳһӦϵһܱôһ
˻һ˵˾Աɫ
һӰɹԴɽʱͬȣһŲʮŤ鴤һڼٵķУҪȥ˫۳Ѫ˫̤ڼﳤȵħϣһīɫ⡣
ʹ絶ڽħԭʼ֮زŲܾˣͻȻͷʹ׹Ѫű˵¾ʹԽԽ磬ħѰ߲ͬѪеħϵȫʹѰеġ
˭
ԶɽǺޣ¡¡ײȥǰʮ״ɽ֣һ֮Ϊƽء
ҪȫҶɱˣҵѪףѪ׷ס


333 
죬īɫľ֮ϣħĿܵĺڼ״̬
Ƿ硣Ѿķӡ֮ѾȻ޴棬һƬչħǰϱڲԫѪ֮ۡͷϣ¾˵Ѫħϸǵľʹʶˮһ㣬ʵʣн䣬öһƬͬǰ
ĺûһ˻ţųӤ
Ȼüͷ΢ڵһƮƮһųһǰٶȣڴ˴֣һӰûʧ
Ǹ󵹵ص꣬ΨһûбˣǵֱͨظĴѷ죬ãħ˫۶ŶԷ˫ͫɢ˫Ҫľ˫۾˫۾󵹵ǰӰ󿴵Ķ˫¼ӡӡǲĥġ
ħ˫۹һƬ֮⣬۹ֱڶԷɫ۾ϣȻģһƬӰӺȻײħԺ
һλߣһɫľȻ۾ȫɱ⣬һһƬ˵֫Ѫ귭ɡܸܵλиͬܵǵĿ־壬ȫսֽżνԼڷ֮УǶԷǲһ֮ڵģһٶ㣬ȴҲƵ˾ֻ˳ֻޣһʹﵽ񼶣ͬڿһֻһ㿴ĵ䵽š
λһЦƺת뿪ʱһ֣굹ڵϡ
ԣ֮ϣһˣҲλ꣬ʮ˾꣬չһеڿУȴǼλ˵õ
ħܷ꣬ѾõҪĶλİλȴϵãģӹĵһˣĸһֱħɽԶô᲻ϵãħЦˣЦԽԽվߣһᱻЦࡣһЦȿ޻ʹ
֣м޳ϣԳһػ磬΢ɫħܻͣƬ̣˦˳ȥһ壬ħ·ƾճ֡ﵽﳤȵĺɫ壬ͻأƽ¡𣬽ħܸڱϣĴʡ
󣬺ȻըһƬ⣬˲ͽûˡ
ȫˣֻʣһİͻ˼帲Ľħһŵ۷ħߣǵס˵ֻء
ȥӹɣҪȴԴĨȥħܶħ˵
ħһھ޴ż䣬ʧڰҹ

ƬԴϣѾм겻йˡʱ˿̣ӹɽһһһ
ħܣħĻ߹һӣֻ߹һһ߹ӾΪƽءѪɫħܲ˼﷽Բ޴ħڱ˰ա
ÿһħŭջ޾ɱ¾Ŵӹȥ
ȥʮ򣬶ǳǸ߱صĳǷصأħһ̤룬һ̤ڳǽǻǺҪӳǴģûϸʲôҲסһ˫š
Ȼٲ˴ǿߴţһЩߵʵѾﵽһ˼ĵزħ۷ǰܿסһˣĲڣڴӹġħΣ۷壬ҲһһƬѪꡣ߲ݣ˫Ѫ죬ħţʶ֮κһʮ򣬼ٸС䣬һıӴĨƽˣ߹ȫأֻҲڣþͬ
ûߵӹϢѾ˹ȥ
ŻõĴʦıٽʹһٵسһɫĿλʦ취һ򽾺Ĵʦȴ֮£ļ壬ʮӦôȥ
֮ǰļƻȫ̴ˣԭƻ壬ò꣬ħһ뿪ħɽͶֻٴ󣬶ħܸɱ˶йߣҲкıŤתǬȴҪʮܾ˵֧ţٹ֮ʾˣħʣµļҲʵ֡
һԸļƻǴھ˵޼ƿʩʩһơžѹԼҲȻǱŪǱɱж
λʦνòŸдġʵʲô취λħҪǵĹȫϣλس
ޱĿһس˵иð취
ȵĿ˵ϿܣܶԶܶԶ˵תؼҡȰɢ
ǸϢŵˣҲϢ϶٣ϢûǣܵҲûʰزٵЯħܾ͵ˡ
ħ֮ǰǰһˣġ
Ȼһ֪ңҲηˡ˽꣬Ҳֵˣħ֣֮ЩңԵĲħܣλ·СӣĿ
˸˶ʮ׵ľվһʱüأӦħܵһһ΢΢ҡΣʱ˿̣ʮѾûзܴö˶ãЩľȻ
ΪʲôɱҼˣħһеħҲͶ쿪ϡ͹ƽƤʵʰĽ֮
ĺһ˵ΪʲôǸаǿʳȫȭͷ˵Ҳɱ͵ɱңжΪʲôأɱ˲ɱİٷ֮һΪʲôأҳ㣬ֻҼ岻Ҫ֪в⽻Ķ˭ҿһһ㣬ҵңѾһЩȫģ˷׺ܻмԸἰˣҲᱣһȫ㣬ֻȫ֮֡
һ˿еĳ̫ˣԼ΢
ħĿľȻ˰β˵ħɽ˾ˣһľǲֹͣģû㹻ľ˽ά֣Ҫ١ֻ֪һλ˭еһϢ
һ顣һˣζżѪȥϢõҲ̫ٹҪˣһѪײйɱطĳ嶯ԷƣǵúܿЦ
һٸӡɬ˵
ħ˵ֻڲ˵ҲܲóĹµĴڣǶЩ°ˡ
﷢һһѪҺ˳¡
ħޱĿ˵һ˿ʵʵĿĴħѹȥ޷·죬Ҫɳ
ĿһЦ˵Ǿлл
˵꣬ճܿӿһԼͷ
ħܻÿռ¶ٴڱ֮¡
㲻ôģҪɱȫ㲻뿴˭𣡡
Ưһֻǰһ˺ǰĿռ䣬һڹϣ˵һˡ


334 Ź·
дͷˣŷ֣ħ֮ĶԻдһΣΪȫڵļٿ飬Ȳˣдһ£½һ¹
Ǹ˭ħʳ仰רעΧΪ֮һһ
ЦЦü俪ģԤλСͷȫ帲ĴĵЦǸճСˡ
·ޣǹŹ·ҵĴүӦþڹŹڣ죬ҿҷȥˡɱȫҰգȫף
ЦԽЦԽ۵һѪʮ⣬ͬһѪƥյĻѤöˡЦòڵϣԻ͵һ·޶ĿŰĺġ
ħĿԽʬ壬Զһ̣˼ЩƮ
Ȼһߴ׺ȸǾ˵ĳǽ±飬ɱ֮̾мسǼʿ˲ʬ塣һһֻ֣ڿռγһˮգ˫ۺܰĿȴ˰
ָĵļ֮أҷߡƽû
ͷһλʦûһ˿
ħħҡͷβλаħʮ˵ȥһ·ϣֻõˡ
һʱӹֻʣˣȥߵĽˣٲһͷһ⣬ֻҲûʣ¡
ֻԼ֪ɵЦڷΪҴڽӴ
ħںɫħ֮ϣһ·عŹȥƽԭʱ·޻ڰ֮⣡
ƽԭǱӹҪСһЩ˿ڣҲ˵õĴǣħܵûҪҳ·ͷֻһͷƬĨȥǡ
ħֱ˰գħƽ˽ǡһʱҵĺУ˷
һߣž춯صħܲɫҵĴϣӭУʮӹУħܡ·ȣһ˵ȣܵ׶࣬Ȼӭħܡ
ħһ۶ûУָһħδһ͸ĿõĿײ·ȵܵϣûУͬγ̣˲ҷ
۵һѪ·嵹ɶءѾܽһħʵʰĶĴ
ĻѪ꣬·ҵĵһ˾ʹȥ
ħܲסǰһֻĽŲһ㡣
ħޱ飬˫ֻһιⲨֱ˳ȥһڣнȻ顭
ħķ·֪ڽӣݶмλ̾ϢţȻһ˵֪·ġ
Ժ²ٿ޳һ˼еүɣˣ·޴СһСѾ硣
һ仰·˶λүڣҲоȣأ
յļ˸·ȻŬ̫ˣ·޼Ҳûá˺ӸŮʱͣϢ·⼸еˡ
ǻʮʱ·޵Ȼһ顣ͬһݺһ¡ʶѾܵһɼصѹƽԭѹȥֻһʱܿ϶ǲǴɵĻ롣
ʱʹͷȻѹʼˣ
һֱĵѾƽԭǿʼˡ·ĳ˵Ѫ
Ǽ£Ȼ·żУʹķεĸܡӦħɱһ·ʱʩչ˴׶˶ܸͬܡͬħߴѪӦһǿŴִѪ׼ʶĶԶʮ˫ͨ죬ͬۿԼһƬƬȥ
ҡ·޺һűӰڿѾ˼֮⡣һֻϻһֻʮ׸ߵĴԳ
ʮһӣ·޴ﵽ˼ޣڵǺ֮Ӱ
һӣ˿ڵĴǣѾ֮һ
糱ˮӿһ棬ǵٶħܿͬ
һ̤һⲨٶ˾˲š
ȻվסˣصĻع˫һ壬ϰգĿԶȥ
һССӰֻٿ֮䣬ٵķŴУƬ̣һվǰһۣħܾϳǸ꣬·޵ʮ꺢ӡ
ƽĿ⣬ͻȻݣֶԷȻֻλ۷壬һȥʱû뵽ģΪʱƣλǿ߰
·ޣħʵκвҴ壿
·޵ͷ˵ħڣλǿ߿ǻ˻ţ
ħܵЩ棬˵ͬϲʶǣһͻʵˡߣҪɽңٹһ£ҾܾŤתǬоˣֻİƷǲʦɣ
Ƕҵʦѣ·ͷһۣȻ֪Ϣһֱģħ׿ڳˣһʱ䣬λʦѵķ·۽֣ĿѪɫ
Լܣ˵ɱʦѣɱƽԭħڣҪɱˣҲɱˣҲҪɱˣ첻׼𣿡
ħĿЩûߵĻúϸȻЦ˵һİٶˣֻǸСӣΪһСİ޵ǰ˵ĻʮСӣֻǿԼķϣҿԸ·һˣǾ󡣡
аһЦӢϳĶˡ˵仰룬·Ҳǵһ壬֪мɵӡ


335 
·޷ſĴԳ˫ǰȻչһЦ˵ҵļ˾ҵ󣬳Լ˭Ҳšħڣ㿴Ǽģɣ
·һХ˫ּɱ𣬰ɱħ˫һʶ
ˣ
Ӧζΰѹһ·ֶˣһħξһգħܵ˫һâ
㣡ǸԴɽɱλӵСӣҾȻڲϳħĿʱ·һڣҶʱյĿޣѾĻ𿾵ûͬէֵ꼸˸ˣҲѹһʱ䡣ûϳ
ô˵ϣĵˡħЩΪѣֳһԥ·ûʲôվһλϣװǿ״Լۻߣ״ɱô
·Ц˵˼Һܵ㣬á
˵һѾǰ쭶һ˺һƬӣһǰѾ֮Ǻ֮һѾһӳ֡
˿̣ƣֻħܵħĺ౼ȥҲ죬ͻȻ꣬ȻϵóָŽе·񰡣·ˣزħˡ
ڰУ·ҴԺ˶ǲǵĴү·޻˰
Ҳˣҵүˡˮ涡ƺֻҪү֣ٿеҲ£үܵģ
үòȥһ£һǿʼһ뷨üλºͳϴ
ôѾж޷򼰵ĳ֮սּȥʮڶˣ˵ʲôæ
һǺ֮һߣɱǵأħܾͻȻʣһֱעԼԼѾɱ˰ֹǾٴԼģûܽŤתǬڳɵۣʱѾָʲôܷµأѪ֮𲻹죡
ƽһָž飬ҲҪɱˣ
ָһħһ»赭дռŤѾ˼˵Ŀһ촫֮ǰûеġ
𡭡
еħ綴ʢ
ȥɣԳ
·ХһԳɫͻһ߿գħǰԵùС޾սȫ⣬һɫ
ݡ
ħɵһײ·޵һϣħԤģ۷һȻѾ̾Ϊֹǲܵ˵赭дһԵ޷һ׵Ļޣײ·޵ǰġ
·һӱб˲Ƴȥͬʱһɽһصĵɽ춼ĵơ
䡭
ϣԳһȭħΣͻ˸ߵħַµľнµ壬񱩵ĳֻĴԳ
Գһţһܹͬɫ磬ƿŨƣȥ
Ͼ֪ˣһ£ħĴһⱾӦһɽˣ¶ȼȼ㡣
Գְһ͡
ħЦˣȤĿ·ޣһ۷壬Ϊʲôսһλ۷ļޡһٴδϷһѾԵĳһࡣ
¡¡һ죬ײһƬ
·ֻؿڴ𣬱۰һʱ伫ʹеҲ쳣һӣٴתһ档ȻǺ֮ţѾᵽ˾ųɡ֮ǰҪóļޣҲһЩʵΪֹħܻûİεһҪ
¡¡һٳ⵶Ѿһ㣬ؼ䣬Ƭռ䷭츲أһֳԳеħһͷ˼£˼ɡ
Գһ˻ƽŭһֻȭ϶»䣡
ħ΢΢üħͬʱ˽սһʱ䵹Щ΢ĸָţ˫ǰ滮һʮֹⲨǰͷųȥ
൱ڵյâŰ
һ𵴲Ϣʮڵķݶ˲һƬɻңεĳײѾıյɫ
·Ҽˣһͬľ񣬴Ŷΰգģһǵүģһһ࣬벻үѾﵽ似ľ磬ͬħսһ
үǸˣнС糺죬˷ܵͬԼսһ㡣
⻹үôҵ񰡡˾̾š
·һס
ħס
ħܺһȻһƬɫĻ·ȳ֣ǿĶǰ޷뾡һܵռһϷ硣
У֮ڹ⣡
ɫĻ£һϸϸҫ۵ĵְ֮߳䡣ѾͷֱʣеħٴջԳľ޴󶴸Ҳͬʱһֻȭ
ħܵһʱǳѿһ۷۷ε壬ˣޣóͷβһʮëͷСӣһۡħڵĽսپ
¡ܸؼһ
ħ޳Ưϣֳһħܱ
ǵǽһͷɵôŽ׵Ĺ壬ǰ˾ǼʮɵĴ壬ɭɭ׹ǣ޴ħܱһŰɫâӲͷϣɵһʱ佫ռŪͬ
ħܹһЦħܱһħأתѪ֮ɫԳֻĿʼЩ컯
СӣϣĴˣóҵħôҲܽһˣ֪𣬳ȥλڣʦϣ¼䣬ֻ㵱ҵô㹻֣ˣȥɣȥλʦѼ档Ҳû죬׷ǡ
ÿ˵һ֣ͷͬһ壬һͬϣͬͬʱ۶һغڻɫĻһħħͬ״̬ɭֲ
˵𣬶ǣ޵Ļױ˵ħħһ鹦ħܱһһһεĸıһ˵ԣһжħУľ׵ٶȣǲκι޷򼰵۷
˵꣬ħЦţͷ֮һӳ֣һħѾóȫ۷ʱֳħȫ죬ȻԳ⣬ԼһֻӾ޴֮壬ֻֻ޳ģôֻ࣬һӣħ
Ƕ̧ͷ죬һչ˼


336 Ǻ
ͷɵôռ䡣
өóһӣϢģĻֻһĶƬռ䣬ǵǰ趯ֲָŨɫһ㣬ϢӦصĺڰֻôˣۼƬգϻӳ
䡭ڰУ·ϵܻͻȻѹȫÿһÿһƴȫſɡɥʧȫϣʱƿأܸӦԶʧٶȾˣǰһɭɭͷռпռ䣬޴ڵģѹȻϢȻǰգÿһͷһһ־һı
·޺Ҳֹͣˣħһ֮һ
·޸оԼʶҲƣﺣǺҲвȺҫ
һ˿ͷӿԺԼô
λʦѵЦòĿ·ʮ˵Ѫ׾ǳԼĵﻹԴɽ⻯УԼһһж⣬·ҽֻʣµˣ¶ʹš
һ·޵ǻͬ˫һ˵һʻХֱƬޱߺڰڲ
״̬ǣǰһѤõ⣬ƿڰ·ֶˣǾһ亹ĿǸ꣬ȫϣʹų
һҧ촽Ѫơӿһʹһ̵ѣͻȻеү
ճĿﴫȥ·޻ˣϵĳ飬һѿЦݣȻĶѾǰͷӳ

·ϰеǿǿʮߵļʮһһޣʹӴﵽɵĵ翪˵һը磬ǰڰѿ
ħһܻصһħɵһһ
еﺣһǺâ죬·⻹ǵһ֪ǺԼͬʱܵޱߺڰǹʯͻȻǹ⣬۳ޱ޼ʵӣ·ͷâÿһ붼ڱУһ̵ǹ⣬·޺ȻĸӦõԼڵǺ֮ѾӵǺӵĲ֮ϣԼһƬС磬ԼƬգӿǺ֮·˲ǣѾ
ħܶһƵ𾪵Ըӡ벻ʲôʮܻ꣬ӳ˵һͲһλ۷õģһ㣬ʱѾ֪ռ֮󣬾ﵽ۷壬Ҳ޲ߡ
䣡䣡䣡
ͷһŽһԱɷۣɷɻңһŽһţÿһŵԱһƬڰ飬һƬվͬһȴһ򿪡
ħܷ·ܲɹâˣ۵һȺѪʮ⣬ϸӵ͸İѾԶ˻ڣԭģ
·˫۶Ŀλħڣ֮ǰһζսԼҲ֪ôġǺӻڷš㶨Сǹˣʧ
ħܶ·ްԣһͬͬһ㣬ͬϣһ֣Ҳһսܲԣٲλʮ꣬··ǿߣ
Ͽùһ㣬üģһЦӢٱϣ˺ҪƯһЩħ̾Ϣ˵û뵽Ѿͨľ磬ˣƾղŵһн֮սȻǶ裬棬Ǿһǰûüеսɣ֪ΪͬϣһսѾ׼˶꣬ǰһսݣǲһģһֱԼһսͬϣû뵽󣬻ͬڴһսҲ㲻ˣҲӦ֪㵱ϣףҶĹǰҲȫ˵ģ㣬ֵý
·һ𾪵˵Ļϣ֮ĴսʵǼаˣʱϣѾλۣħаܵʱûﵽħڵ۷״̬Զ֮һսʵܼˣǶ²ó
һѾ·Ϊһλ۵ĵλҪöĶԸϣ۵зڴʱ˵أõ·ϣһսŸո۷·ޣԵϣҲҪɫĹ
һʱ䣬·޳ȫ޷ڿаڶ΢΢壬ɵ壬Ѿһ
Ҫħְɣ˶ʦ֮Ҫȡ۶ֻһ˵ܲţԼţԽԽãԼʮ˫ޣʵΪ˽һսһս
ħЦˣ˵ǰʱɼ׼𣬿Ҫϣ׵ģʲô
˵һ䣬ɫ䣡


337 ħ伫
ôص飬ħǼ˺еīɫħȻ鸡ҲС˼֡ԳһĴ£ڻʼ
֮ǰսʵ˵·Գͬħ֮䣬Զһλħ۷塣ȻħϮ·޻Ӧԡ
ʱ˿̣·ûоȥעеս˶ڱСʧȥ˻ױħܸĸоӵĶɽ

صĿռ䣬ûΪճֶ䣬ӵѹ
ĹŹڣҲٳӣһ죬΢죬ԺҲѵüսڴǶǵС·һɱ˲һħܣҲ֪еļѡ
˽С
·񣬵İ˵
·ľȻĶûκרעһֹ
Ҫȳ֣
ܵħȫͷųҪͷŵʲô似뾡һ֣·޿һħϷӿʱ뵽¡
ħܴʱͬһСڱɫ˴޾ݵӿһ˫ӵɲ⡣
ռĲʼҡ
ٴӿȥʮڣû˿״ʡ
ħ޷ħ֮ʱ·ջеͷϺȻ죬Գһȭʮ׿⡣
ʱ·޻Ȼδ˫ֺȻǰһֻ׵ķжȻħͷųȥ
·Ǻ֮Ѿһֻжӵǰûеǿƿһеŵʮ״СͬʵģУ׽κܱ
ħܾȻȻ
ǰȻ˫һɣ˫ַֿĴһץһ磬һץ֮£һĿռͱֳ˹ͬڳһ͸ʵ壬ϰĿռ䣬һ֮£ǰ£
ٳڵһ̣зһͷɻ״ɢʡֲľ࣬ɳ棬ľʬŹǣȫһץ֮£ޡ
ʲô似һΪãĸҲֻĴħó
䡭
׷ж
ײħǰħܻ벻ץȥһֻ赭дһȻͷǣŷжһǣһ֮£ٿĹߡΪ似һӡ
·һӵרעԼֻж˵֮ǰķܶɽôڵķжֻȺɽԭݡȺɽѹȻԷץȫã·ޱ
һֻ
ûһǺ֮пξ֮ϣܵףȻԷ
ħ˫΢Уȫһ״̬Уƺûпֻֻǰץһ£һֻĪĴӵɳ뵽Ѿǵһ֮Ŀȥ
·һһʮס
Ŀ棬ڵﺣӿǺ֮һεĽӵ֮⣬кֳǳԵù졣
ȻĴʶ˫Ͼ٣һֻѾֻռ侧壬һֻϣ𵴲ӿһֻ˺Ѿռָ
·һУħУ˫ֻһЦеĿռ·޵һֻжһֻЩ壬壬ЩЩڰЩǰ£ᣡ
Ȼγһֻ˼׶壬˴Ĺâ޷ֱӣ֮ǰһƬգ˼ʮ⡣ħ˫ͻأȫ·ƬƬѣѹƬƬͣ⣬һƺʱͣˡ似ħڣÿһѪҺؾֶˣѪܸǸ߸߷ϾҪһ㣬С֧ͻƤѾܿõϸСѺۣҪѿһһε뿪ͷҲһڰУѪͫʣ֧ͻ⣬ȻʼħһֱЦЦ
·ϣۣҶ֮๦Ϊһ׼ļƷ似ɣ֪Ҹȡʲô𣬹ͽϣסô֣似䣡֮󣬱ңҪ־͹ɣƳ似ҲеİϣףȻĴˣ㳢ʣЦ¡¡£Ѿ˵ʮƽԭǣͷЩ˶һƬѪ֪ж˵صزǲ塣
·ȫѣڽ⣬Ȼɿ֮Ƶ·飬ԳѾƱƻߡֻޣһλ꣬ŶžһͻȻûе˼һ¡ݻ
ɣħܣ˭ĩգ·޿Ц˵

ħһЦ˫һƶƳռ֮ɽͬƶһأһ½أħħζòջأƶħҵһı⴦ռһ
ۡ
һѪܷ죬ڲظžǵڶ
ѪҺͬϵССѪ֮һ·¿ȥҲûֹ似·ƹȥһĵȫȻ˱֮ˡ
ѪߡͬһƬͻȻѩѪĩһٵš
·˫Ŀ죬һʲôɵأʲôдݻһУʲô似ʩߵΪҪڵһλϣƵö似ģҲ˵似ĸһλ۷꣬־ˣ
뵽˺ˡ֮ڣ޴ȥ˲Ƶ֮ôܽϰٷͬѰˣ·ʮ˲Ƴȥô·ֻһԵ·޽йƴ˰ɵġʱֻͬʱŭ·ߣλ޸ͬܣ·ޡ
ġ
ħ似ǰ·ȫ絶иһ˺ۡ
ɣ·ޣ
ħܽеѾһѪˣһѪħ
ɣҵСˣ
˺ʹﵽ˼ޡһûЦ绨

ǺţһߵĴԳȴЩããȻߴʮ׵ľ޴΢΢֮ǰħǰҲû˶ĴԳʱ־ˣ
ž
һ̣·ϵֻռɼ
˫һħ似ǰԳһ
ʮ⣬һƽԭҵ·ˣͬʱеһζײע
ʮħ·չ


338 
ףɵаʵױʮֻħ޵аɣѻСɽһĵףһֱ·ԴаõĿռ侧壬Ҳ·޴оʹ̡
˿̣·鿪ռ侧壬˷˺λŽӿռͷų
ͬʱǹħ̣ŨҵħУʮֻɢŰѪħһλ򿪣ÿһħǴ״Сħзӿ
ħĺ󣬻ǽ·λһ״̬µļֻ˳ȥ
׷ٱħȥ¡¡ײ׷ĿֲаʹʮħĴչһ£ħܶξȫƳħһСģħڵһ塣
ڰУ޿ֲڹĵȴҲѲ׵
ħܾˡ
ѾһѪˣʱ˿̣ȫеħžˣİѾ˱ڼ壬ͬʱԼ꣬ͷųĳ壬ͱ·޷ųһħ棬˭Ҳ޷ɵԷڿбҵķ¡¡죬ΧһƬա
·ֹͣˣɫòҰףһͷţͬſȫܣҲΪʲôͷͷųԭ򡣵һۿħܵĲļˣǺЦħ㻹ʲôҪ˵ô
ħܴѪҺ﷢·κ似㶼Ӯˣ㲻ܣ㽫ܲҡ
һЦ󣬺뻳ѪҺͳһһѪҺȻһԼ߹ǡ
ħܺĽ߹˳
ģ߹ͣڰյľȻȻħܱħͬ·ͷųĵһ㣬ÿһħԼаġħܷ߹Яġ
·޺һһ۴ããȻ״̬һֱߵֻԳͷŵ׵ڣֻԳûء
ָָǸ߹ǣ˵
Գһߴʮ׵˹ȥȥһ׵һҧħܵ߹ǡ
ħʱо˾һ̾Ϣ˵ããӮˣ벻ĽȻܸϣ׵Ĵˣȫһ죬ǳѪ٣򡭡
·޴ʧɫ׹ȥ
Գһž죬һʮֻܹ򣬵ħǻмײħϣͬѹյһݣħ͵һײñٽ״̬µ壬һ±ˡ
·ſʱʱѾȥ¡
һۿС˯ֵĴߡֻ۾ٿضԵһС￴һᣬһУҪ˯ȥͻȻŴˣŵü˯ȫҲOεĵ
·֪Ҫˣεһ顣
ھһϲļ
ˡ
д͸
һһֻСԭʼţʱս·תͷ࿴һλŮӣˮݺĿЦֿޡɻòɷ
Ȼ
ʲôʱģ·޼ѷ
ʱһ͵͵ϴһֻСḧϣ·̧ͷһǵŮӣ顣һֱСֻ֪ʲôʱϲ
·УΧһͨѰңʧǣûǸŨü۵СɡҪٳ֣Լˡ
ˣˡ·Ա˻۾
Ĵй󣬽Ųˣһ˵ǰһָĽеӣˣۣ￴һ
ﶼڣԴɽô·ſ۾循ϲЦһ¡
һˣеˣˡ
·һ۹ȥüһ׻޵УСǣˮʦЦڣò֡
·ͷһݣȻʵħأ
һЦ̼˻赹ǰ
·괺ǰ֪޶ħѾˣ˵⻰ʱ·괺죬һԺ֮ħܣǶĳڰȻԼĶԻ͵Ĵ¡˵㼸ҲҪ䶯Դص¡ܲ
·һЦ˵ǻã˵Ȼ̣۾˴ˣæ˳ȥ
·ʶ̽һʶһһĴʹ˵ǲᣬֻǵһƬǵس˹پʧȥ֪
޷ӣҲʲôܣ·޼һ飬֫ãûʲôֻˡѾﵽ۷·ޣǿֲ֪ٱˣѾ˵ʱĳж˵ˡ
ħѳȥкõһ졣
˺ܾô
ɳҡͷ˵ӣ£ĺ˼ǶۣѾ߳˴ҵԤ
ʵϣλ̽һֱΪڶָܻû뵽ѵĵͦ졣
ûһ췭ظУѾǸ漣
һʮڴ糾棬ȫǽ·Ǹʮ׵ľԳ˶ʮ⡣Գ£˻Լը֫岻ȫ˻̬Ŀռָ֮ڡʱ˿̵ĿռָѾλޡ
߹ɳõҽʦǵĴʦõϢ˵ʲôҲҪԴɽ·괺򸾣ڵõĹ󣬾͸˻ø·ˡһʱԴɽˣͲ°ˡ
عŹǨһõķӣסĲ׻·ޡ
˼죬·Ѿܹµ߶λСһֱߣ˴˵ĹϵΪУһꡣʱײ·޴֮䣬޸ˣȴҲķ
һһ磬һϢֻҪתϢָܿԭ̬׻ˮͱ߹ĴҽʦÿҽΣĸѾغϣֻʶ˹һ˶ʹġ
ڴϣŶĵһĨϢ
Լˣһʱ󣬵һϣ·˺ܴ


339 ʦ
¹ȥ꣬ǳʱڣһ죬һʮһƥ񿥷ǳĸͷϣ½ƽԭǣϷȥ
ȫԭ·ޣһɫ£һСߵˬ
ĿĵԶϷɽ
ȻҲ·ϣ;һ˵ʦϢһûе֣⻹С·Ѿԯٵ񵶶Ի£㹻ʱϵɽȥ
֪ΪʲôԽɽߣԽʱССλŮʵ㲻϶ƯкӡǷŲ
ǲԶϵ·޹ŹһЦʶѾܿΡ
·⣬ͣƥ֬λһװŮ˭Ҳ˭˼Զ·ԡ
ƹȥ·룬ˣǼȻ֪Լȥ򣬹ƻ׷ϵġҪվҪˣһһɡ
·޴ӭȥ
λŮǰͣס·˵ȥͲٳ죬ȻҪߵģ˵ţϺһ±
֪Եɺ˵
һЦٳĵص
ͷأ֪·ҲҲڵˣͷ˼ӣһ˸ϳȦȥʵУҡͬɺһֱվһġ
һɽˮϷ֮ʦȥĸˣһװλɫһ·۹⣬ĵȻЩŮӡһ·ݹһڽʦ
ʦ֮Ǹ̵ĵطҲĹ磬ԴϣֻﻹḶֻ̌ߡҲΪشϷԵĹҪöࡣ
һȥֱӱ˵ɽ˵ʤڶ࣬ʦﶼвҵ˵ɽϣ۴µĵطǷȥɵġ
һ·ͣ㣬һ죬һƬƺƴһƽ˵ɽǰʱ汻ǰľסˡ
䴿ˮ޲ɫںϣֱȥͬ˼ɾ
ǣɵء˵ʱڴפ㡣
ʮ˿ڣСǡ
ʱûҪ˰⵹СһЩ΢ջȰסЩʱգһû۵ĹС
ĸסһ䡣·м䣬һһǱɺͬסһСҪ§һ˲С
ĸԹ㵽ߣѾ磬̱˺ܶ࣬ĸ̶ֳȵкӡԸſ
ɺд²˼·ްЦʱһ߹Ȼ˵λӣһ˲ţβȥǰϿڱء
һ㶣ףһºǲ٣Ǻ棬˵˭װúÿ𣿡
ͷ˵˲ã˲ãװǿ۳ˣҪͬ߹ӶһҲ۸˵һɫԵ
£ĳǰȥ
Ȼû߶ԶһƬյϿһĲ漸ǧ˼̨£̨Ͽȥ
·̨£ж˶ýš˶ǴʦҲڣ似ȴһһģ󡣹˰죬Žһ˴̨ȥ
̨һˣü΢壬Բϴűŭ˫óλԸŮӡòҲѷ١
·޶࿴ۣߺһһ·ܵⱲӶûйġ·һȻӣҲˣƫƫСѾͷһģŪͰ·޼һһëڼִһ˫ֱֱĿλһӣˣʱȻ̨½еιӺòã
תͷλ꣬һʱǰ̾ѡ
վ̨һҲһ졣ڱǵĴҵ߹ӣκλ߹ȴְŮ˽ͨСһŭޣʵһλ߹ӣת⣬˭֪ްʮˣû߹ӵˣһֱһʱӦ޵ľȻó߹ӣһϷһƬϼͷ˵Ǿ빫̨ɡ
·һ½ǣ˵֡ǲޡ
һޡ
һʥ˫ޣһޣͿͬƮƮ㲻մһ㣬λС˵СˣҴȥǲǾ͹ˣ
û뵽һ˵㹻ΪվڡҾ͹Ҳ˵ֱˬмСɵӡ
ã˵˿ǸŴʤĴʦЦСӵǻؼҶȥɣһ㣬Ͳˡ
ϲЦվһȷʵЩ࣬ࡣ
мһˣһȭӳ̨һ磬һȭһΪ֮һܡ
ˮܲһɿ£λʦ·죬ɫһһܶӭϣͬʱֶ˵ܵҲȥ
žһܶȥܵһ룬ʦͱһǫ̃̄ȥˡ
̨һʱ
Ȼһк֮
·̾Цɺۿţû˵ԴӱͬʱϢȻ٣ﵽֵͬļ𣬻кó·Ҫߡڻڴʦϣһֱƿݡ
һЦʵڻûУҿҪ˻ؼˡ
һЦ
ʱһ˵СֵѾﵽʥ֮ҵ㡣˵һ˾ޡ
һ·һ˫ǧƤѥһźӢӣߴȻŨüۣĿͻһ¡
У
һ˲俴·ޣڣں£ֻҪ̨ܵУˣһ֣ǻҪ


340 
ˣһ㣬˵ܿλʥʲô
˵һֱ棬⼸춼ڡ˵Ŀֱֱ㡣֮ǰСòҳֵģﵽʥƵҲòˡ
ȻЦԭλˣãˣҾͽø㣬˵òá˵žҪȥһȻ˵ӣȨվ
˵㡣俴λӡ
߹ӣмȻмˣҪﵢСŮӳޡѰ˼ҵĺ䲻ɽˡ
һ㶣̾ãֺο࣬ȻĺˣҲòɽѽɽҪͳһʦһɵģ޽ߣԽΪԹˣ㲻Ҫˡ
̨µ·һ㶣ԽΪ仰ָ
ʱ˳ߵڵڷŹƨĳ
߹ӼһۣĿ絶
˵㲻ÿңҲ½ģӾģһӵѲҲͷô˸ͣ浹вˡ
ߣ߹ӺһȻϷһʵʰĽһ֮ʮ׵ľ룬һû
һͷڵϣѪӲӴŤ£پͲˡ
·벻һԲϾҪɱˣϣûܼʱеʱЩŭ
ʱͬʱ̨ϣλ߹ΧסֲӵܱһͬϮ߹ӡ
ޡһʱ֪룬˵һߡ
߹Ӻһֳһݿһӡ䣬ͻȻķɳһƥϽ˿ƣ޺ۼѭֻһͬʱˣһ˵ء
·ͷһʲô似
ȡʤ·޴û似Էֻλʥסһ·޽ӵĻҲֻǿܱˣ似ʤУһѾﵽʥס
·ԴߵĶǿȡʤܸ߹һףѹõԷԼȡʤĵ䷶м򵥣һ£ֻ֮ķͬʹб𣬾Ҳһˡ
߹õȴȡʤʤ֮··޴ûнӴġ
΢üͷ뿴ѽж֮١
һˣ߹Ӹӵ⣬һЦ˵һӵ½ǰһǶģҸǵԵʲôҿ
ɫһˣΪɡ
ŭɶȴ֪Ķ֣ܾĴ
߹һЦתޣ˵ҵˣɢ˰ɡ
ӣҪ߳˴ԣȻ˽еҲеõô
߹ӽŲһͣѭȥȴλʮ꣬Ŀһ˫Ȼ۾
˭
ܵԷɲܣ߹ʵȫ̴ڽ״̬
ǰ壬ֶֻѵ˿ɲС·˵ܣһֻף߹ӻȥ
뿴ĽСĻôߡ
߹ӼĲλʥܣһһ˳Ҳһ㣬Ʒһ
·õһһ
ֶԷһִ̺ǸûȥԼĵȴǹ֮ؾȡҺ
һͬʱ䵽ϣһâ
·޻ӳغ䣬еУһУĵѹĵӣȻʥܻ֮ӳҲƺƴ󣬴ռŤ

һײǻ߹óһУ֯һļʮ⣬ÿһͻһʮӲǽ·޵һн
ף·¸Ũӡ
߹һн£ĵѾǺȻһƬ·ԭزһʵһĽƳʮ⣬ҪһнѾÿ裬һҪ
ɲ⣡
ĵһͷ
·ۿȻʵӺ𣿡
߹ͷһ˵˼Ѿʮ겻ˣʼҸʲô˼
·˵ûʲôɡ
߹һ˵ЦˣЦͬһŸľҪͬսһ
Ϊһңʸͬ˼ҽ֣£һҲӲһˣûܽһеأ
ô˵ײˣ·΢üͷ
λǿߣȻûʸ񡣡߹˵
Ҳǡ·ʵ˵һ£һХУһƿ˿ϰĵ˹ȥ
߹ϱɫϽ˸ӰƮڵ£ñ䣬˳ʮ⡣
·һһ
߹ʹѣϽ˸֮ϣѾû֮ǰᣬȥɬ·޽ƿǿʶѾӴ˶ԷĽ⣬ӵĸ̾ԷʽϵĲͬ졣
ײϣ·޾һһĸڷ˵߹Ӻߣĵš
ѵãҪúѧһѧѧ
λŮӸڶ˺棬λ̧ͬ¡·Գǵ壬ֳ־ܵУ˵û˵йʲô壬ҵҲһʮˣλСʮ֪꣬Ⱳôȥġ
Ȼǰĸ뿪һһֱš
Ȼٲ˿ֵˡ꣬ҳͷͬ½ԣˣ֣ⷬ˭Ҳ
·˯һ£ϸŶԷĽ⣬ơ߹ӱʽ˳
Ľ
½ɽ֮
·¶ϲ̾ǰ˵ľ޴ϸӵĴݶܣֱ׷Բ


341 һ
·޵ľλ߹ƣڱԽԽ̣ԽԽаԴ󷢣ƴȫĻӽס·޵ĵɽһѲͷҲɢ״̬ԽԽá
ں㲻ɵ̲ס˵λ飬߰ɡ
˴ŭȵɱֵܣ˵ʲôҲܷŹ
·һľ֣յһһĻعͷ
߹ѾΪǿ֮ĩһǽӲˣһ̳ȻյģãһֻϽȻʧֱֱĴ£ִС
·޵ĵüģüϣҲͬʱʧˡɱˡǿʶȻڵʯļ϶һ·
ĿȴһֱŶߵգɫׯء
ʱ˿̵ı飬һ˵ͬʱ˳Ŀ⿴졣
һʱϢĶͬһ򣬲Ե·Ϊ׼
˺һ
ôˣ硣ʵ
··˵
¡¡
ζ
ҵĻζһЩվȣڵϡ
ҡ
ˣ
ǿֻŶ֪롣
·޷סı˫۶Ŀ򶫷ⲻǵʶѾоõ֮⣬һɽӵر
һɱ֮ǹɱɽ壬ӵص
ձɫػζһ֮ӰֱѾΪ۷·޲
ڰᣬһϣǵһʱзӿڼƵȺ񾪻ҷɣȺʱһֻڵϣ鴤
̶⣬ܿõĵط£Ľ֮Ű߿գ֪жٸʽıڿУþòϢ
龰һ˵ĿɿڴܰڵϣԼ۾
һ૽е찡ˡ
·ѭȥ˵еһλ뷢԰ףһλͼϵߡ
һλʵ˵ʲô
ɵϣɽӡɽڱˣ»ˡһˮ
·޻Ȼ
صɱصĽ֮ԭŷӡıĻɽˡ
һոЩƽĺ⣬ͻȻʢͻȻĺ죬ϼҫۡһϼгһʱ𣬵׹Ĵ죬Ŷȥ
·ֻͷһѹʶһ˷ڣǴй󰡣ʧɫŰչȥ׷ʶȴйĿ־ͬһʱûжͿڶʧȥټ
һߵ߹ɫһʱѿ˳ȥϢ뿪
صڽķ뿪Ƭռ䣬׷Զȥ
һʧͬһĸʽҲصԭĵطһйƽ˵·޾ʲô·ˣֻǻ֪ʲôˡ
·֪ϻֻЩѾ˱ĸ߽ױ֮ӵк֮ĸ߽ױ·޳һЩ˵⣬ǵһĴ۽硣Ǹа֮ĳ־Ȼͬ·޴ʮħʱĸ·
ʦʱ򰡡ͷҵ˴еĿĵء
λ鷳λȥǵô·һصλ
һ뿴λߣ˵Գǵ常ô£
·һЦ˵£ֻһʱϷ֮ʣЩ뼸λǰԭ¡ݼһµ֪λܸôģСӾ޶⡣
λһЦ˵ϳͷС϶ĻҲһͬȥڵ᲻㣬С϶λ΢ͲҰƱˡ
·Цллλ
ǰߴ·һʮߵУƥóƥ·һˣ˻һһ·ȥ
ɽһ˵߹֮·ŵһߡ
·ɽ£ߵһ춯صĹ¡
֮ǰƬħħ֮䣬ս²ϣ޾ս£ҪıʦĲǸģһֱڡ
ǧ꣬ⳡսγһ˧磬һа˧а硣һħ˧ħ磬ڴ˵شսʮ꣬ʮаռϷ磬ѹͷۼƲãħԼֶԸаۣһϣħа۵аһĴսħڽа۴ִа۵ı壬Ļӡ˾ɽ£а۵ĸֵӪֿʼһᣬֱǧǰɽһսħ˫˫ɢڳħ类ϵħɽ£ɽΪǵ֮˼ǧƽ͡
ǧսıѻһɽɽ飬֮ڣɽԽԽߣ֮ԽǾ޴ʱҹս۸ǽڼƵıɽԭǲȱڵ¡ɽ¿أɽо˵˵õľǰѵаõϼ£䵶մ˵ѪԣΪŵһĵ£֪ղſǲûȥˡ
ħ֮ս·˵ˣйа۵£ǵһȻ뵽һ£ɫصʵô˵а۵Ļ廹ڰ
ߵͷ˵ǲٹʧǵۻʼ壬֮
·ɵĵһоһ˿־塣ٴ̧ͷ죬оɽȻΪ˶Ը½ɵĲơҲʲôףǳɱ֮ʼղͻ
ǧȥˣɽķӡ֮ɱ̫֮ھ춯أ᲻Ǹΰаѹ뵽аֶΪ֮ʮħסΰΪ֮ŤתǬ󷨣Ķó۶Ƕ֣ҪħУ֪Ҫ˾ɽʲôֹһͳ£а֮ʱ˭ֹˡ
뵽·亹ܣʵɽģ
߼Ŀȥһָ˵ɽǵľɽɽǧ֮ң
·һԲһᣬλŮǵ޵꺹ˮ͸˺󱳡


342 ½
֮·֮£ҹ
һ϶İĴռؼ㣬ʱ˿̣֮ȻǰűѻɵĴɽͻأĴѹɽĴദѾ٣֮£ľ棬Ҳò˵ǰŵǰϵǻţǰŵĴǣණأȻֻӲ׷ΰ
·ǻˣʱ˿̣ǰѾࡣʦҲʮˣÿһǲ֮ͬͽ·һ۹ȥͿ˼λʥһλʡ
վȺ֮һ·ȥҲֻʮ꣬һվۣܲ·޵Ϊǿĵϸ
һʣ·ҲһֱλԶŴۣаۣЩĲɡ
һֱš
ţɽȻѾһ˶ʦǵ߶۵ĺˣһҲһݡ쿪ţҪɽ
飡飡
ľľסߵĻۼѷ콥࣬Ѿһˡ
ɽ̲Ųɱ¾֮⣬ѵõЩ֪ıͬĺ꼫ϵ֮ԱһҪʤƽʱ֮Щڸϵ˵ʱԼϢ˵ģܲڶĹع̣Ҫˡ
һɽס˵ģֻǼɵʵݣҵʱ˶࣬һȴţҲҪˡ
ǧΪʲôˣõţ澹ȻϢļǧˣʧˡ
ɺ·ޣС˵ǻȥɣҲ
ͬͷ
һߺȻ˵ߣǧѷĻᣬ·ٺòˣǲȥ
ɺ˵ҪֻǲԸ¶ˡ·磬ǽȥ𣿡
·ɫ࣬˵ȵ˵
ǱߵĴʿһۡ·޷ֻһ˶ǰģӦòʦˡ
һͷ
ʱλ߳ͷеλǣһԣ°ʮСͷĿ֮һλ£ǰһɧţ²ò˵½ɵһѹ֮£òɽΪ˽ԶԿ½аԵоڴ˵ĸλӢۣɲһ¿Ҳ½£ʦҲֻڶԿѾһϣʱɽҲ˵ҲףǿѣԹɽ֮˭һУɽڣǲϧѪģ
Сվۣһһ˵һȻ̬֮Ȼ𾴡
ܲɢ߽ͬڴ˵ĻýĻ˺һеǶ֮ˣ֮зݣʲôƨϱɽ
һ˵ܴǣһȭȥ¡¡죬شＸǧĵţȥǾٲҪ롣
˺һ
·ɫһ䣬һֱڴ֮ǰΪλʣ֮·ҲΪ֮ݡ
һŵˣһξ˳
ģֱֱڵϣȴǶҲ˽еˣ
ֳ֮ɫλһ֮˴ţӦλ۷ߣû뵽Ҳûпһôǿһʱٸǰ
λʥвʣ˫˫ܣֻؽֶˣÿֻ󽣶Űһƺˡ˸֧һ֧˫һ٣ȥܵﵽ׿⣬ݺᣬͬʱš
̾ٺϱڵ˫Ѿ޵ˡ
һ仰û˵꣬ȻĴ죬һֵܣзɳֱɳʮ⣬غͲˡ
С
һʱ䣬ž˵
˳еλأ˵֮
·޵ͷλûж˼ߣҲһֻ󿴣ƺڵʲô
ȻعͷһƬ⣬
ⲻϣ˲ֹһλֻΪһЩ˵һЩں档ǰеɽãɣ
ǰߣһͬһ·Ϲͷȥ
·һ˲ʮ꣬һĿ񱩽м硣󣬾λ߹ӣѾָܣϸʲۡ˲ϣΣ˳һֻ񣬼ʮֻһ䣬һʱ䣬ǰнǧ½ˡǳٳٲһЩ׼ġ
ǰλʮȻλʣⲼɱĽ⣬ڶ⣬Ƶһٺˡ
йھȻž˴
˭·һˣһĿһۣ˵Сֵܣ㲻°Խͷ֪ɣ½尡˵õ
˵ţλȻ񱩵°ԽѾȥ
˸ܲǿȫܲȫǽϸС˿ķâ·޴ûӴܲ
ǰƺÿһܶڸǣڿ𵴡
ɽһ֮µߣȫ´ˣȨɽܵô
ȫ֮ȴ˵ͷ
·ͷЦɽѾͳһʦǣ˿¶ǵΧ
ҲǺ߹󣬳˵°Խǰˣٽһ¾Ͳˡ
˻һڶ߲˺󼸲֮ǰ˵ǿ˿ʵɲǿһ仰ܰƽģɲʵ
°ԽǺһֳֶֻԽֻף飬ÿζڷżԵĽ⡣һѵؽֱ֮⣬ʵһ㣬߹ľʴţȻ৵һһ˺ϱĴϢĶΪء

߹ӵͷһۿ·ˣһֳͣһ˿ŭ½ﵽ࣬Ļ˷
ʱǽ֦֮ʱ뻹ǶԸͷʰˡԴΪء
°ԽѾţĴһˣͬʱǰֳһ
˹ͷһ£ģͨͨһˣʮӣʱȫŲĽ֮һֱֻҫȻͬʯҳ·һƵĽ֮£ֱֶתƼʢ
°ԽнⱩһƬ⣬Էȥ
һߴıײʵʡʦе߶ʵʵΪ괫мϵʱϵĲѰȻɵܱ
ײܲ͸磬ɱݺᣬˣγһ׵ĴȦӡ
£似ҲǶ໨ɣ·ۻңȻ뵽ΪʲôҪ˷ʽʵǻʵģۼƽƽֻǺÿˡ
ףһѾܼõģ۹⵱ȻҲ̫ࡣ
˰ʱֲʤ߿գ·ȴԽԽȻζԼҲǴнȥﵢ󹦷򣬺Ȼ̧ͷȥһߵ
ֻͷˣ̫أò࿴

һɫ·Ҳʮӣ÷ǳڣûо˪ϣ£ϸࡣһƯ޳룬ƮݵĴǰ㲻մ䵽ϣǰ
ŷһ̧ͷһˣĹһƬ
£
ԯ½ˡ
ˣԯһ˭Ķ֣ɽɽˡ
С˵ţĿⲻ䵽λſһȻòϡ
·̾˾ǽɲ⣡


343 
ԯĿбӣֱȦȥ
߹һԽһںߡ
Ƕ˻սݺĵ֮иѷ죬еＸףݵĽԹߣѾȦ󵽽һ﷽ԲǸ絶ֻɳʯסϰ죬λ֮սѾһ¥Ϊƽء
ԯŲͣҲûܣⲻһ߿⣬ǰһϸĹâȴԽԽһǰһ֮⡣˺һĽ⣡۶ôıй⣬ܲͳͳâǰΪȻȥ
ߵǶ֮⣬ߵȻ˵ס֣Խ޼ɣֿɣð˵
°ԽӦһȴһʱ֮Գ޼ɶ۾ͨ졣
ԯ߹һһֻһһһָϵɫף࣬΢һءȴһ

Ž˷̾
ߣ׵񽣣һֳܷǧֻǲҪˣȻųһ޼ôӣ
˸˵⼫ķУȴ˵ͷ֮Ѿ񻰣˴˵Ҳ˵ʵǵһ
׵޼ɷ˳ʮ⣬һͣǰȫıƬ˲仯ΪС
ÿ
˵
޼һݣһȴǵǰ
ԯһȻһһХʹ﷢ֱʮⶼܸܵޱܲһХվס˸˫һʹࡣ
·ֹȥִֻڱɺϣǱϢΪǵһεĳ
Х֮ɽȻһӵɽഫʨŲ
ȻˣɡǸһͷ
һ˵ǵˡ
ԭǰ·ʶѾŵ֮һģӰɽȥڽ̫֮ʢصѹ·޵ʶ裬Ŀ
仰˵꣬޼̾Ϣһתڡ
ԯŲ룬½һͬںߡ߸ӿ
·˼˴ֻʣĵţ뵽ڡ
ȣеһ㲻ͣһֱ߹شԵϸ֮δһֻ뵽ɽϣ
֮󣬾һƬǽ壬гһ·Ѿְ׿ѷ죬ٳһѷǴﵽһ׿⣬ɲ⣬ðɹɰ
·ֻűɺܵ£ǰʲôԵĵطɫۿ΢죬ȻǺԣֻ·޴˾ǳڱˣУоҵ˴ʥز˵Աòŷġ
ǰһƬƽȣﵽʮﲻֹƽ֮Уһΰľӵɽǰ
̫ű֮ɽ
жٹűܶѳΰɽ壬˭Ҳ˵塣ƽɽ֮⡣һеɭȻǧ֮ߡ֮⣬ѾоޱߵɱͷųԶһһɽ޾ݵĲɢȥѾܸܵ纮ɭɭ⡣
һߣ˽ŲҲһֱ档
ԽǰѹԽأɽ·ѾͣϢ˵ϢʵҲ޷ǰһȻ˭˴ջǰֹ
ѷѾ׿£жжԶأѹ絶Ȼ磬˺
·޵ıɺͣ½Ųǰߣܴţһűɽȥ˸ǰγܱʵǰԿеѹ
磬Ľȥɣùǡ·һ˵
·һЦ˵ôУ˶ิӣҲģ
˶ࡣûµģͬһ𣬡ɺ˵ȱΪҪ߳һأѾͬãһڴˡ
·ҡͷ
һߵȻ˵·磬ȥɣ￴ǡ
·һϲڵȻģֻһֱЩԥ
һԥͷһһҧȻ˵·ģڣǾͻڣǲˣ˵Ҳˡ仰˵ն·һͷ˵ӣǾͶˣл㣡
һۣ·ɽȥȴһмΪɬ
ǰѾָۣıҫһͻȻ˵СҪͺˣԯ٣¶һ޶óǰصɱҲסķâ
һ˵ȻΪĴ·ɽϴסŮһͣ˿Ц


344 
ԯĿбӣֱȦȥ
߹һԽһںߡ
Ƕ˻սݺĵ֮иѷ죬еＸףݵĽԹߣѾȦ󵽽һ﷽ԲǸ絶ֻɳʯסϰ죬λ֮սѾһ¥Ϊƽء
ԯŲͣҲûܣⲻһ߿⣬ǰһϸĹâȴԽԽһǰһ֮⡣˺һĽ⣡۶ôıй⣬ܲͳͳâǰΪȻȥ
ߵǶ֮⣬ߵȻ˵ס֣Խ޼ɣֿɣð˵
°ԽӦһȴһʱ֮Գ޼ɶ۾ͨ졣
ԯ߹һһֻһһһָϵɫף࣬΢һءȴһ

Ž˷̾
ߣ׵񽣣һֳܷǧֻǲҪˣȻųһ޼ôӣ
˸˵⼫ķУȴ˵ͷ֮Ѿ񻰣˴˵Ҳ˵ʵǵһ
׵޼ɷ˳ʮ⣬һͣǰȫıƬ˲仯ΪС
ÿ
˵
޼һݣһȴǵǰ
ԯһȻһһХʹ﷢ֱʮⶼܸܵޱܲһХվס˸˫һʹࡣ
·ֹȥִֻڱɺϣǱϢΪǵһεĳ
Х֮ɽȻһӵɽഫʨŲ
ȻˣɡǸһͷ
һ˵ǵˡ
ԭǰ·ʶѾŵ֮һģӰɽȥڽ̫֮ʢصѹ·޵ʶ裬Ŀ
仰˵꣬޼̾Ϣһתڡ
ԯŲ룬½һͬںߡ߸ӿ
·˼˴ֻʣĵţ뵽ڡ
ȣеһ㲻ͣһֱ߹شԵϸ֮δһֻ뵽ɽϣ
֮󣬾һƬǽ壬гһ·Ѿְ׿ѷ죬ٳһѷǴﵽһ׿⣬ɲ⣬ðɹɰ
·ֻűɺܵ£ǰʲôԵĵطɫۿ΢죬ȻǺԣֻ·޴˾ǳڱˣУоҵ˴ʥز˵Աòŷġ
ǰһƬƽȣﵽʮﲻֹƽ֮Уһΰľӵɽǰ
̫ű֮ɽ
жٹűܶѳΰɽ壬˭Ҳ˵塣ƽɽ֮⡣һеɭȻǧ֮ߡ֮⣬ѾоޱߵɱͷųԶһһɽ޾ݵĲɢȥѾܸܵ纮ɭɭ⡣
һߣ˽ŲҲһֱ档
ԽǰѹԽأɽ·ѾͣϢ˵ϢʵҲ޷ǰһȻ˭˴ջǰֹ
ѷѾ׿£жжԶأѹ絶Ȼ磬˺
·޵ıɺͣ½Ųǰߣܴţһűɽȥ˸ǰγܱʵǰԿеѹ
磬Ľȥɣùǡ·һ˵
·һЦ˵ôУ˶ิӣҲģ
˶ࡣûµģͬһ𣬡ɺ˵ȱΪҪ߳һأѾͬãһڴˡ
·ҡͷ
һߵȻ˵·磬ȥɣ￴ǡ
·һϲڵȻģֻһֱЩԥ
һԥͷһһҧȻ˵·ģڣǾͻڣǲˣ˵Ҳˡ仰˵ն·һͷ˵ӣǾͶˣл㣡
һۣ·ɽȥȴһмΪɬ
ǰѾָۣıҫһͻȻ˵СҪͺˣԯ٣¶һ޶óǰصɱҲסķâ
һ˵ȻΪĴ·ɽϴסŮһͣ˿Ц


345 ˭
뿪λŮӣ·Ȼһ·ϣڱǰȻ֮УҲᣬܣǰС
һȥǰߵѾΪ衣
·̧ͷȥǰıɽѾâɵָԶűһɫпϣһ˪ѩɽ֮ϣĺ˶Ŀ֮£΢΢Ѫ죬ɱ¾֮һ֮⣬Ѿĵ㺮ͬɱ״ľ֣һһƽߡ˵ϻ֮޾Ѫ֮ȥѹѾôɽħߣɭɭಣߴľ޴󵶷棬һеǰ
ɱ⣡ÿһһ㣡
·ߣ֮УǶЩʦиһЩ㡣ٽף·޽¿һһֻѾ֮ϡ
ǵɱӿȫһͣڲܣסȫ
ʥǣΪͬͽ׵ľɽţͷ˹Ͼһݿϲֳ߽׵ľϼҲеķ֮ϣͷ
ѾֻʣʮȻǰλһĿ·ޣóλСѣʵ䲻Ƕʮˣȴһͣһֱߵ۷ʥߡż˼ɽ
СѣǿϣȻ档ѡ
·޵ͷЦлһû¡
һڳֻʣ²ʮ˵ǻعͷһȻĿһۣһԢ
ǵΪڴ˵ؿ˵һ־ǿߣٵʳסλӢЩ˪̥꣬мʱ䣬ѵ˵Ѿλˡ
˿Ŀⶼ·޵ʵΪһȻ·޷ʶһ棬ǻΪ·֮£ĲѾܿ˵ġ
һ·ϡ
ԯǰ߻һˣǾ˳ͣ߹ףһɫ£һֳֻһֻʵһꪡսꪣǹʱս֮ҵܻϿ񱩽һֱڰɽϣѾֹǰһ״̬
ϣλʽųıâ֮ϣ֮С·޻һһɽ
ɽѹѾ߹µɱ⡣
߼·һλߣͻȻһΣ۵³һѪһң˵һ֣֮ܽ£ı汻£γһСܽİ£ת費ϣɽȥ
ˣˣ
λֳܱͣ֫ڵأٲҾٲǰǵԼܱϵɱ֮޼¡Կϵѹ
·Խߡǰȥ
˿ĿѾס
ܱҲûвһɣѵ˵
ôأһʮĺӣ
λһһӣǸʲô˰
ɽŴ߹Ѿɫû뵽֮ǰ֮Ե֮ˣȻǳԼ̫۷壡ϳһ亹ҪԼ֮¡һˣԼ˺ܾãǺ¡
۷壿
·΢壬ǰѾߵ˽ԯһ֮⡣
ԯû뵽Ѿ˰ɽܸ󣬻ͷһȻһȻλʮˡһɵţͷ΢΢һЦû¡
ֹԭشϧ֮أ֮С
ԯ·ޣѾΪߣԶɽˣϣµıѾǷ壬ԣѪԣÿ¶ɱ⣬ǳǼ
վͬһϣ
ڻλ֣ͬλǿվһǸǲԽĳǿߣĴڣ˭ʶպ󣬸²ʶĳײλܸ֮֡Ĵ˸ҷ
˹ͬһһǰֳ񽣡ɣ
Ϊɣ˽ͨ񣡽̣ͨ⴦ȴΪͬһֻС޵Ŀ־Ǵáһǰѹʱһᣬһȣ˶֮ǰ
͵İһ·жǲšôܣСС;ʹﵽ֮ǰ;޿
ѾܵޣֻܿǸͷԯһĳԼɽȥǲΪ֮ͽʲô汾£ڿȴǳԼһ
󣬸Ŀɿڴǣλ꣬Ჽɽ˽֮
ɽӿϣѾм֮ڣĿ֮֮λ꣬ɽ̾Ϊֹ߹ӳˣ߰찡˵ģʲô˰
ֹֹͣͣɽһͬɽλɽǵʵһ㣬زɢϵɱ֮䣬ʯ
ǵ˼£ԯ·Ҳ߲ˣھɽ״ȫתܣ֧Լȥ
ͷ뿴һ˶Զ۾ȻŴһľͬ۸һ㣬žߵꡣ˵˭ͬԼվͬһ߶ȣֱԼ۾·˫Ŀһۣٲɽ
һɽѻȸһ£ˣһλʮˣ
ʦٲǽһɽһսʤĶ֣
˭
ʣ˴˴š
λŮһֱעǵ޵Сӣ˵ı飬ֻǺЦλ·磬ܸػһֹεݰˣ˭ǰ޶ԣǲŹأߣһΨһģ
ǵ·޴绹кܶಽҪߣҪվɽ
һ·޽²ͣһ·ɽ

ɽ¼ˣĿֻͶһϣһ·ɽѾеԯ˦˰֮⣡
찡
۷ĳǿߣ
˴ľ
ϣѾȫǵؽ׵ͨķâ֮ϣ·޽ŵʹ˼һϲɫһ飬ĽŲһ
һףɽɽ֮ϣȫ·Ҫ²ųǧɽ֮ϣ


346 С
ѹÿһһأصӣ·޵һȥɽ嶼΢Ρ
ɽ¼һͬĿ
ɽʣɫɱ飬ʵɽɢȥ
ʮף·޽һͣ
Ŀⶨɽ˫̧ǰ˫Ͼ٣һɱѾӿ˫ּ䲼ɽһ𣡻һռ𵴲Ϣһε壬ɱɽϷӿ𣬴ɽܵɫ֮飬һͬŤ𵴣һ£ɽӿɽ¼һͬһߵ֮
һз׳Ƴ
ɽϣıһͬ·վ֮з棡ͬʱһ
޵һգ·޾ٲɽǰֳһɱƿ··޵˫µͬʱŵϣһͬӭӵĵƹһԱʹ̤һƬƽ֮ءһĵ棬ӿ£λӵ֮Сӡ
ٽʮף·޵һ˫£Ѿȫ۵һ·޷飬ͣ²ǰֻʮ֮ң·Ŀһ䣬ʶﲨ죬ڵﺣǺӴϢһεķ賤ɽһʻХŹϳ죬ŰȺɽɫ׵ѹס޵ѹ·ٴɽ
ɽɽ£ĿɿڴΪ֮𺳲ѡ
ԯ˵ⲻǰɣСɵĿǣһ֣гȻͬ죡
·վɽ
磬ɽɱһӿɽͷͬڽ֮֮УһС޳壬ʱ˿̣ͬյԶ֮񣬰ɽ˰𵴲Ϣ
ãɽŻָƽ·ɽ뵽һµĸ֮С
ʯҲһʱ̧ͷ㱼䣬ӰѾɽΪһ壬Ǹʱֻһ֮ϣ
ѵᣬ֮͡
ڶһ磬һѶɽһ֮ϣһɫװŨڵüë۾ɫЩƱ촽ɽµֽСеĿռ侧ڣſ첽ɽ
·λŮʱɵһͣ࿴һڵԳһݹâôŬһţ뿴Ӧóڴ˵һˣûɵüͷһ塣
СɣˡȻϵóλСһֱСѾͷǰԼһߵԽСڱѷɫٵСǰûɵĽСɳòɫҲǲ磬ɺ·Щӽкӡ
ţϴأʵϷһЩ԰ס
û˵ǿһɽ
С̾ˣٲ˵תͷɽȥ
·Ϲݺᡣ׿ĹֵǡŲͣһǹһУ磬Сˡ
ɬĺûСѾԶԶ͸ɱⲻĺ⣬Ǹɽ¶޳ӰϤУСɲཫˡ
ȵıԼ£ʲô˲𣬾ϴҲòСӭɡ
һеСɣٷֿˣɵһҲҲĹޣ
ޣľ
һ·Ѿӡ
Сһ·ɽɽҺݣУѾͻƵ֮ȻֻǸĽʣƻʳһҲֻʱϵ£ɽ֮Ҫõһλӵܣһܼ򵥵ô
߹߹ʱ߹ӵͷ˵Сùúá
СɵͷȻʵɽϵǽ·ô
߹һ˵֪
ŶСɷɲɽ
·ɽ˷׷дСɽ¾öˣҲͲΪ⡣°Խߣһֱɽλʣ߲λߡ֮Ű׵ľ롣
˵һСڰɽ֮γһѪеԯ٣
ףͭɫĽϵƣɫףһֻ룬֮ޣ뷢Զ
һɽһεĲ˷ӿȫɽ
߾Ŀȥһλʮ꣬治⣬ôˣԽԽص죬λóСһǰȲɽߣҲһۣһ·ϣһֱߵԯԡ
ԯһԯ֪ˣȫֻүүӵżѪеٱүүȻмˣôҲֻˡ
عͷͷ˵Сãˣѹ̫أҪǿԼϵɡ
Сɵͷ˵磬ǽ·ô
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪֣ܱһиףǰѵӦþ
СһЦһ˵иף뵽˴統ʱͷӿһ飬Ҳϴǰ㣬Уֱɽǵļ֮ϣ޵Ϊá
ٲ˵ٲɽ
ɽµһֱеĿСɵľٶԯ٣һ·쳣ߵ·ް֮ڹһ
֮˼أۼ·޽ǰˣСɻûߵȥ
·ѣӼңϢҲʼң֮أٲܾٲǰֻ֮Уǰٲ˽ҩ͸ıҩһУԼܡ߿ԱͬɰģһһҧԾĳ嶯
̫ˣ
һʮ죬·޾ûһ£ͬʯľһĳɽܡ


347 ӡ
ɽֹ
·ɽϣߵĸоġ
ʱ˿̵·Ǻһ࣬ﺣǳĹâһƬš
޾ɱ¾ͬԺݣ飬ʱЩɲǵĸܣһչʶʣ˵ľ޿·ʶչһС硣Թ⣬ģʵ󣬸ȴǶĿǹɿǿһ¾ӿ·ʶ
ԭɽ۵ѹȴʶ޾ĶĿ
ʮ죬·׹ϵĵⲢǿϢһֱУʱ˿̵һƬɽϵޣﺣԽԽ࣬ʶ̫ĿѾ޿ռɡʱ˿Ѿһٽ״̬
Ȼϵĳ뵤ﺣĿҲڲסʶѾʹѣ飬Ѫܶһٽϡȴƽͣʶ뿪壬ԼС硣
ƣһжǸƣǧĲɣ£ռһ˲ˣ˵ʹС΢ռһд
óԼڵﺣʶĶԳ£ͻȻѪ΢ɢ
̧ͷɽͷƬеꡣͻȻܵһ˿쳣ͬģ߶һȻһ֮ǺȻۣͬһط
̫ǿˣɽ޾ɱⶼᵴøɸɾֻʣһƬ
ôˣǺȻĿɽ
Ǹ𣿡ԯͷĿ֣ء
ɽһ۾ʧˡ
·ԼҲӦԼʧɢ֮䡣Ѫ⣬꣬Ⱥɽ΢޵Լ֮С
ﺣʶͬʱѣȻĳ塣
ȻѪѪ΢еʶһµľ磬Ȼſ
ûʶ뵤ﺣʶѾϣϳǺΪһ壬Ѫغϣһн߽⣬·ѾһµС磬һƬº
·һµľ硪뾳
ͬ뵶һԼӵһµ壬һ˵ʶһ׵壬һȫܺϵС磡
ѾȫޱߵɱУɽ㺣Хӿһ£ȫյ֮УȻĶ硣
ֹͣȻĿתɽ
µƽâΪһ·һ£һֻ̤ķΧڵؽױ棬һ׹Ľһ䣬ؽױâɱ뵶ͬʱը΢ữȥ·޻Ȼɽ
ÿһһâ󰵵޹⣬ٲʲôɱ⣬ʲôܣеɱȫѹˣȫյѹ飡
һ·ɽ
֮£Сһ΢ЦĿ
ϴ󣬿ţЦ˵һƬ
·޾ϲӵ뻳ȻͬιԼЩȡСûУȻģͬϴһʵ˼֮УѾԷˣһβεһΰˡ
Сɣ˰·˵
ţҲԼƯˣŮˣɵģϴôţǺǡһЦ۾ϲ¡֣һͬɽ
·߹ĵطû꣬ǲٻָˣֻɽЩѹͷš
Խ£·޽µǧԽظζһȥǺ¡һһƬĻĻ£пھ飬ʧȥ˹â
߹ʱԯѾ΢΢
ǿϲ·ڡ
·һЦûʲô˵õģڸȴԼľޱ䣬ѾΪ׵壬ʶﺣΪһǺѾ޾ԴԼͷųƬܲ˾ȥ
ɽ£·޻ͷһɽȻ˵Ӧ÷ͻȥɡ
һ㶣·޿һλ񣬽˵ͷ˵˵öԣ
̾ϢѾɣ֪޲һǼص÷ϡ
·ĵһ˵˵апܸˣ
⻰һҲǴʧɫ
ǵͷ̾Ϣƺǵģа۵ýϼѾߵɽȥˣ֪ħĹͬӡ֮ǲǻڣȻапܸġ
ԯɫѿ޺޵۰˵а罫㰡罫Ϊаħ硣˲ǻܲң
˵λаѾȥ˻壬С˵
ߣһѵΪһλԼǶ֣ҪͬħִܵǿߣԼ첻καôҪҵүүסϣط磬үү֣Ҳ·ӡĿܡ
ǣ·ʵ
СһЦ˵ϴҴ磬˵үүүүԯϣ˳ɡ
·Ǹˣͷһ
㲻Сɣ·
СЦҵĸգĸŮ˱үүɽһ֮£͸ԼϡڲˣͷǿҸĻֱԯСˣǺǡ
·ҲЦ
һߵĽΣ΢ŭ˵¾ͲҪ˵ˡ
·ЦСɣ֪ʮ֮Լôԯ١ɽи˶ô
С£˵ŶǸյأϴҪȻ˽ɣˣҲ򲻹㡣
ϴ䡣
ȴǹЦ
·˵ȱʲôˣλǰһͬɽͻص°ɣЩף߸ϵĻｫһѪ֮ء
мĿһ·ޣ˵лС£һ򲻷½ɣȴǷˣ½ɽΪλСΪף»Ҳ۾Ϲˡ
ԯһƬȳϣҲǸж˵½ٲɽΪѣ벻֮ϼسаľʹ˳Ҷµˡ
ﲻ
·޺һչϰա
˫һţǺӹһǣͷųâⲼʮ֮⣬ϣ޼գȻԳǳǳֱ֮ѹ̫Ĺâ·޵һƿĸܣȻһЦһֻɽѹ˹ȥ
Ȼؾޱ䣬Ű޾·ֶ˾£Ťüҡһ޳ʵʰѹȥ
¡¡
ӵɽ壬ɽȻһرѣ߷׷ⱼλԯҲѾգЭ·ѹɽ
·һֻѹ£Ĵ𣬵濪Ѳϣɵˮӵص׳ϰ죬Ⱥٴεķӡ·µͬ췭ظһ㣬·ػص˻Ĺʱغϣɽһ㡣
˫ѹϣ·ʲô似ֻڵܺϳɵǺ֮ؼȫǳİɫˮ·޷Ĺâ˫һգ˫ֺϳһӡѹ˹ȥ
ɽһͬҡΣɽ¡¡صĿͬͬʱλҲѾܾ˫ѹͬһǰ׳١
¡¡
ʱȥɽһ͵£·λ񣬹ͬ˫ֽӡϴڵ棬ϵӣγǧ겻ķӡ֮ɽ˵¡
һͬЦ
ɽ価ɽһλָΪһƬƽȡ
һ·һִĴ棬ڴ˵Զ


348 һ
С·޵Ĵ£λһװŮǰɫúܲ԰סΪеİͬλŮӹͬߵѾʱСųʵûɱеδеѹ
Сһۼ˫üһô
һһָߵı˵Ҳ·ĺӣλɺϴȱľŮӣһϴ˰ɣ
Ȼ
Сע⵽λѷλСӣԭҲǴߵģһʱ䣬ֱۿ·ޣֻеһۣնģˡ
ϴɽô㶵ʡ
·һᡣλŮӣʵ˵ڣ˵ǷҪţϲ߲ŴŵġһͣСӵĴʹСͱϳȥˣԸܼˣԸ˽ݲð覴ãǸӲĺܴСʱС̲Ұף˫ֱ䣬Ƭ̣Ȼ˵ϴѾø˽ˣѵ𡭡
СһΣ¡죬߶һʮ׳СϣСͷҲصվϣСХУԶȥ
·޺ſ׷ȥʱѾΪڣΪ뾳֮УٶȿС̣СǰеСɣ˵һֱ㡭
û˵꣬ˮСѾһֱ̹ȥ
ԯٵһ̣߶
·ȫû뵽˼ңһȻֻǵʯ񣬵Ѿ㹻ԯٴ̵ˡ
ۣ
׽·ţ
·޴ʱȻȻӵ˻񹦣ľԯֱֱĴ밡ǵһȥ壬ǵĽ֮
ֵĳأС·ͬʱס
ʧɫСɣİγôҲ벻Լƽƽһ˵һλǿߡ޵ϴ
һγ۵һѪɽ·޴Ӱһͷȥ
СɴľСϣԯϻȥ
·ޱסŵϡѪӿϸǰ׵ˡɺŵÿ޽ǰֿˣָøӡס˿ӿ˿ڡ
·ʱѹ˫ü΢壬ӵҽԳιȥ
˵ļأѾΪһǿߣҽ໤һ¾ɢ
СҪǰһɺܱܲ·ǰ
ֹСɷ׵Ŀ·ޡ
ߣӣɺŭеһСޣѾ˱ɷѿ֮ġ
СһᣬۼҶ㾫µСֿòɵһʱĻ䣬ֻеããأԼȻһ¿꣬ʲô˻ϲһŹòһ㣬һɽкӣҲɰ֮ءοĪĸһٴԼ𡭡
·ǿǺ֮ӿȫһɫӨ֮ڡؿڵ˿ۿɼϡһʱ䣬Ѿ˶޸ſ
λŮеĿɺСˮݺᣬֹס
·һЦ˵ûˣ
ûСӰʣСأ
˵ǸѾͷˣ·磬ﻹ۲ۣ
Сԭ˿ڴСĸ
·ްѽһŵϽ֡·޺ǺǵЦһݶ𣬹Ȼ˽СɵӰһֻаһΧߡ
̾һ·뼸תȥ
ԯСɣһֱصɽ
ɽϣѾԵƣļ紺ɾɽߣһƶˡԯҵĶ߷ϡ˼Сʱɽ¡Сͯǰӭ
СˣСͯЦӭС£СɴС˷ӵܵһֱҪáԶԶĿСɻأʱЦӭӡ
СȴСûֱܻԼС¥ϣһأӡţԼſڴϲ
ԯ¥үү⣬šһᣬ˵ɡ
Ŷ룬񣬽һүү
鷿һ˴ǰվӨһĹâϣռħܵᣬֱ䣬޷һ׵ӽһϸ£һ£֫޳Ҳҡɫ촽һ飬һ̧ۣĵѩİ׹⡣
ԯϣ
Ž۹͸һ㡣
ʲô£ʶǸ˭ɫһ䣺ϣ׵ĴˣҲˣÿ죬ţǿϢﵽʲôΪϴı߹֮أʱûôǿ
ԯü˵ͬ׼һ㣬ԯʶҳҪĶ
ۻʼǿߣذΪһѾ⼸һСվѣ뵽ݺæղһ£лл


վ


349 ɽ
ԯϣ˵үүҿѾλǿߣСɾĶ֡
ԯ˳һᣬŵ˵ɽǵ˿ʱˡ
һݣ˵үүСɿ»ܲ˽ҵѹոս֮Ǻȡ
ԯϳĬƬ̣Ȼ˵ʱ䲻ˣ켫⣬ʮıȽҲñˣԯپ㱻ѹȥˡϣ׾ʱǰҫˡ㴫ȥҽСһͬϽұչɽϵҲ̻ص½ȥ罫ǼС£һͳʦɣȻǽµļƻԴƿһ㿴һµ硣ϣ׻ף˭˵㣬һԽ£粻
һЦҪתȥԯϽס˵Ǹ·ɽͰŵԺɡ
һ㶣˵үү˵·޻ɽ
Ȼϣ׵һϢеɽϣɽˡˣȥȥСɡ
Ӧ˳Ҵȥˡ
һᣬһС¥ķһԯԯСߡ
Сҧ촽ڴǰĽȻδ
СɣŸ˽ôԯֳһ˿Ц⡣
Сһü
һСҰСӣҽδ֮Сɣעһڽϵģԯҵѧ߹ѪͳôʸϵģģһȵԵһҾɱޣԯҵŮҲ۸ġ
С̾Ϣһģ˵үү죬ҲˣȤΪʲôҲҵһҪأһ˺ãͲпܻϵڶˣ˾Ͳһүү˶𣿡
ԯֳһɫ
ˣЩûõĶȥұչԯ˵
СĬȻãʧĻعͷȻ˳ӵĵͷ
үүȻ˵֪ұǶǿ
СЩɫ˫һǿĻȡֳâ
ȻԯҴԶʱ𣬾µһ壬ۣԯϡɨ¡ȻǸۼ˼һ㣬ʮ֮һСɣϳˣٴһͳпļϣ׹ԯϵ֡
Сɵͷ
һǰһźɽĽȥ
ǵ۸ĵطµһ漸ʮɸߣƽ羵ұϣ˼ǰ޹׳ϵĽ⡣ϵɽվڴǰѾˣҪڴ˴ϰʱ䡣ΪǸ켫
ɵķԸɽ
ɽϵһУһˣСɵĶ壬ԯܵССɵĸףΪֻλ۷壬ֻԯҵһλ°ˡڼвӡλȴλǿߡ
ֻһӣֽзǷҲһλ˲Ĵ
Ժӣһ죬һλСӳʽ˵ɽһɽλʮСӣѾ˵ˣɽÿ꿪ɽһͽٵС˲ߣһֱ˵Լ޽ģϣ׵ĵġ
˵⻰ʱʽɫ졣Ƿ￴һۣʵ㶯ˣ
ʽЦʲôҲʦһ˵ϣ״ˣ˺֮ģһȥ
ǷһĽ⻹ûСɣ͸ǰŪǸѵɡ
ʽЦ˵ʦҲûԿȻۣȻҷ
Ƿһˡ
ʽһ죬˵ӵ̽͵ݲǰ֮ڣܡ
ǷȻԼӣȻ˲Ǻܿ̿࣬츳ѣ̽ȻֻСɣȴѰڴ˽ǰҲҪ󱻶û뵽һʮ꣬Ȼɫˡ
ΣԳʽ˵ҵĻȥûҵԺޣ·սСҼ
ʽӦһųȥˡ
ɽ£һµӰɽŵĳǰɽϵĽӼ
·һɽڽµշת·ڵ֪ϣ۵һϢȻɽ֮ϣֻɽѰһĻᡣλС˵ҪСɼһΪѣҪɽµһũסͶܵɽ¡
뵽м£ԯٱزٵһսҲС֮һս·ͷЩƣˣòΪҲɽѰȡϢаһϣۣεݣΪĴˣٲãҲ˿ˣԼǴҪģ˼֪˼ҵĴˣַɽǸ˼ĨôԾ·޵ֱɽ
˵ɽŰɣҾ۴ˣ跨ȡϢġ
һᣬǸʩŽСӣת˻һ־Ӹµ˵ɣʦҪ㡣
·޵һлٲɽ


350 Ժ
ɽЩ˵õĹŽ۹ȥЩŷ磬еЩ¥󣬴ϣһɽȥߣ֪ж
·λʮһµĳʽһ·С
˳ףһƽ̨ǽɿµ䳡нĵӣרЩᣬһƽ̨ߴλԺܹܣǷ˽
һᣬ˵ɣڡ
·һۿŶ긾ˣͨһڰĳ£ܼ⣬ҲûʲôֻǴϹֻССЩɫСϣ鶯С۶ˡ·ǿʶܸоСɢı֮⡣óһֻ
վ·ǰ·ȴܸܵϵͨеĸĸоĸ˵ãЩǷķ轣ȴЩ
·޹˵·ޣϣ۵Ĵˡɽһ۵Ϣгĵ֮Լ⼸Ҫ󱦵
Ƿǰһ·˪Ѿλ꣬˷ݳ죬ӢͦϣһĨ΢Ѿڴϣ˫۸ÿķʣһۿȥģ
·޿ƽ壬һѹŵԽԽľ
Ƿʾ£˿˵۴˵ĴˣСֵܲعǫұԯʦͽȻ۴˴ˣǾƽǰһ˵ɲҵСֵΪʲô뵽ɽǲҪҸɽô
·ҡͷ˵˵Ϣһᣬڱɽðǰԯ۹ϵǱѰΪ˰ĵԣҲҿǱɡǱؾϣʦĶ
Ƿ˵Ȼ㿴۴˵Ĵˡ˼ⱾҪñɴɽˡһ㣬ֻҪóΪ㡣
·޴ϲЦллòøһ
ǷһЦ˵õģҼϣ״ù˱ȥˣһҲҵĸݡ
·һЦ˫ƽٵǰ΢΢ܲȻһɱССڿ񱩶ıڽԶ·ĳʽʧɫѹؿһͣʶʹ쳣æһ絽ȥ࿹
·ްε壬ߵȸߵǰڷǷǰ׾㷱пһߵ˲ֱӡ
ǷҲʧɫʵϷâѾĶû·¶ţһûǷԵ⣬ɲ⡣·޻ûܴﵽ־磬Ͽͱ۵Ҫɱ졣Ƿ̾ѣ˵ɣϵıٲֻһ
·ָƽһĵŶԷǲϢԼǷǷЦЩ˵СֵܵûҪǲҪɽĹأһɽ
·һ㶣ʵʾ
Ƿ˵ԺԺһԺԺÿһԺһԺĹ似ӵԽǿһĹ似ֻһ·Ǿƾ£ԺȥȻǧأһԺĲǲġϣ״˵Ǳ飬ԺĲڡ
·һüͷ
˵ҲҪȥУҲǹ˰
ǷЦɵӣԯѪ׵ĽҲҪԺ޵߽˸ǧĹأСֵܣǲΪ۴˶˹أҪḶ́ΪǿˣЩչˣԲõڵ˵㡣
·Цˣͷ˵Ҿллǰˣ֪ô򷨡
һһ󿼣˴ϣͿսﵽҪȻ
·˵»м󿼣ҵ˵ԵĴ¡
ǷһЦ˵ºµ׾Ǵ֮գСֵܻĵһȰɣ͸㰲ס˵ŷԸȥһʰһͷһ佣󣬸·á
·ųʽǳʽûѹ»·޵Ŀ֣СɽϣСĿȾΪǵɽһ·һԸӡ
·޼ǰݺ󹧵ģͷӿһɺ˵ҾʹɽȥʥҲˣһССԺԺסô
ͷڵһƽ̨ıԵǸԺиС·ʹ
Թⰲŵķ·޽ԱߵһС
ÿߣÿ˶һС󡣽ڿһֻıڡ·޽룬ڱţڵϣϢУͼѰҸһ˿⡣
·޵ĵܿԺ֪ԺǣѪ
ζЩ꣬˵˵ɽͷȴ£֮һվͬһ䳡϶Ծ͵Ʋס˷ˡ
Ⱥܵ·ⳤľǰһλţ˷ɣһ̽ʵ·Դӽ뽣󣬾ͺٳҲС뽣֮ڡ԰УȻû˿·޵Ŀ
µס
һſ۾·Сš
Ǵ󣬵䳡ȥ´󿼣ǲǲμӡ
·չ֫˵֪ˣϾȥ
˵ԺЩʥµߴ󿼣·᲻񣬵˹رعټе뿴ϢҲϷŪˣʱ䲻࣬õϢҲֻʱ䣬ʱϣ˰ڲͬСһս·޵ʤĲУһֱȴһ£λаۡ
аͻȻ֣Ҫ·ЩԤС
򵥳ЩûǷλʽ·䳡ȥһ·ϣĿһӶͬһȥĵ·޸о˺صɱ
кܶͬһս
տ۴䳡ϣн߾۴˵أ̨ɽһڳߡУԺŵԺһһʱԺĳϼµĶ̨ϡ·⣬Ҳڱϰλ·޹ʱһһλ߼
ԯܣҲСɵĶ壬ɽһʮģǿߣȻЦţ·˵˵СֵѾɽһֱûտ㣬Сֵ֣ߡǹͬЩСĳ
Ҳҡ·˵ǷѾ׼л³ֳҲûɽϵǧغãֻܿ㵽ԺңлϣʦϢ
Ŷ¡ԯ˵ǲǵֵ𡣡
Ƿһ˵أϣСֵܲҪ⡣ʵʵֱӵԺҲ޲ɣֻɽʮߣ¿ʵСֵ¡
·һЦ˵סֻһҪԯЦˣ
һЦ
ʱһˣһ·ɽɽȻ̨֮ϣһ£ദѾãġĿһۿ·ޣֳһеλҪͬСɱȵСӰɣǺǣúã˵˵ãʲôʱȴһ
˵˫һ̧һâֱ


351 
·ֻͷһѣΣԷĽ⾹ȻɱʶٱȻʶ˵࿹
λһ˫âǣܲˮţ·ļ沨
·޺һʶȻǵνѹ˹ȥɱɲǼӯʶʱʶѾͬﺣΪһ壬ǿĳ̶ȣ㵱Ҳвһѹɽȴڶе⡣
һһײһ·ǿһ졣
λ߰ѽһһΣһ£ǰԳһˮѾæջؽ⡣
飬һĺȻ֮ɫ
һν棬ȫڵʯ˲ɣڳ֮ˣ˵رλԯܣѾﵽĽףһУ׼֮ϡ
·޶ͻȻ֣һŭ⣬ҪԼﵽ֮ʶ뵤ϣһԼ˲ɣŭֳ˫絶ĶŶԷ
λߴƬ̣⽣һ飬ʵ϶ʶѾһػʶǿˣڶʱعͷȻеʹʹСˣУǻô
һߵԯܼæվ˵ʦ壬˼ҲڽҴţôɽˡûд󰭰ɡ
죬ʹࡣȻչһЦ˵һǣȻû£˭СӸôߣȱ䣬һ˵ţһ𴦣Ѿԭʧ
ܻԼĽ󣬼æڵϣ֮Сз߷߽еСӣʹˣһÿ
·õ߾Ȼԯܵʦ尡죬ȴ߰ġ뵽˵ҪһﵹҲЩ
ԯʾҰǷµĿʼ󿼺ˡ
ԺߣֳУķ䳡ϣʼԺҲǧ˵ĻᣬΪһƴģȻŹλᣬ޹Ĺȫóһ쳣ҺÿʮԵս·ֶĿһµĸоȫýеʵ彣ռ󲿷֣ܽоֻǵóܽߣһǾӢеľӢһ־ͼӮ
һ졣֪ͲǰսھǧߣǰʮĸЩʥߡ
·޿һ죬ĸдǿ֣˽磬⽣һ㣬ЩĻﲻһ
ǰʮߣŲϲɷ̨ǰȴɵĽ
Ƿֵ߱쳣ʣҲʮָˣÿ˷һ߽似ֵõһЩЩѵһĺöʮλЦտ
еһ⽭Ȼ·޿˵·̼е֪ɲԡ
߶ʱһֱŵһ򶷣ڲ֪⽭˳
Ŀ̼е·ϡ
ʮλʮ꣬зŹ⣬ԾԾԡ
·վ˵Ҳ˵Ժ鷳λʦˡ
ǷһЦ˵еһͿԽԺˡ
·޵ͷ³ЩŭԼһǿȴǵͬʲôʥ֣ⲻǴⵢõϢʱôⳡԣļòűʲôɷҪŪʲô
һŭϾЩ䣬һƮƮ䵽䳡ڣҲûܣʮλ꣬Ȼ˵һɡ
ʮλһ㶣ȻǺӡСҲ̫Ŀˣô˵ҲͬˣǴСʼٸܸ߳ȥȻͬʱսʮⲻ
Ƶǣ̨û˵ƺϿĻ
⽭һ˵·ȴ˵ɡѹȺۣΪͬ޵֣һֱлͬ·һϵСһСӳԱɽͬǣ֪ɽͬеĸ߲š
ʱһ̧һֶֻܽˣһֻ轣һԺ⼸˵һߣǱԡ
̨ϣԯڳҲ濴ţһλ꣬жٽ
һʱֻ⽭ϵı轣ֱ֮⣬ݵڵ
·ɡ˵
·һ㶣˵ʲô
⽭ŭȻ㲻òɡ
ߺȻЦ
·޳ȵҲҳ˵ʲôЦ
仰һȫ
⽭û뵽ڵһ죬ŭãã㾹ȻӣǾͱˣ˫üһâǣһĳɸ裬âХ֮·ޡ
ϺкáһУղű֮ʱûóһеؼ轣·޴ȥһ̹нƮ쵽˼¡
̨ϷǷ̾亢ӹȻк֣ͬǿˣһ֮ܿ裬츳ߡ
·Ŀһ䣬ܲһȭӭŽ˳ȥ
ȭȥܽ۾ţ¡ǿǵؼһУһܽӵ
⽭ˣȫݶı轣һӡ
⽭ϽһͣԷĵһȭڽһŵڶȭĽͬͭǽ֮ϣǵһ޷ƽһ֮ʣĵȭӣѾǵصѹ·ŭϣһȭغַһλСʥľһλڵһغ䰡
˼ֵܣֻûһ轣һأ⽭˳ȥֱɳʮ⣬ز
˼
·޻ͷһǾλߣ˵ҪҪһϣ
Ÿɢһͬγ
ܵ⽭ߣ⽭Ѫֹһû
ǷʧɫܵͽߣַһĿһָֻؿڣʶȥȫ߰˰ˣܻҲдˡͷһعͷǾӣѾ·Χм䣬ǣм·ɽˣȻûȳֵ˼
Ϊԯʱæû˵·޵״ﵽεȾ磬ԵҲ֪ܴﵽһû뵽λ꣬һ֣ȻûгȫѾһλꡣ
֧ͬʱ̳Ǹ߼似⣬һʱ佫ŵ䳡Ūþ춯صƣ
Ϧ£ɽ·ϼɾ·˫һЦ䳡ϣֱ


352 
·ĺһԣû̫ϣǸаһֱѹѹǾСҪԼôҲµвסλ̫֮а۰£еϢ֧ڵĽƫƫڴʱ˵أɽ˻ΪһõϢϰһа޴
ʲôʱˣǶʲôأ
ãҪһһµĽҪԺԺԺģܽԺҿǱϢ𣬻ҵĵúãҰӵܶҿǻòսȥˡ
·Цֱʮ֮⡣
Ѿһɱ֯С磬̫ˣЩĽߣѾõ޽Ĵ⣬Կ죬ԽԽռϷ硣һ̳ͻû֧еڻʮ֧ϰ֧Ӿͬʱ̳һ㡣ǽɵ꣬·޾ͱ㽣棬ϵĽֱҪ޳ˡ
̨ϣԯܱɫõЩˣλʥ֧߽׳ָ߽似ⲻҪ˼Һÿ𣬲Ūղ˳ɡ
Ĺǰһλʿ϶ǲܻųġЩģΪһֱû·޵ĵϸΪ·ҲΪԼҵӵġһȭ⽭Ȼλʣѵľλô
Ͼ˴𰸣·ŭˣ
·ܱʶ뵤ﺣ϶Ϊһܲͬ˰ͬʱӿ˳ǿľʱ͵˼¡ڽ£һŵ˾ȭûκ似ľȭֻܵľȭȭһ䣬ƬռͻȻһƬͬǰƽȻ󡭡
¡¡
̨ˣ߾Զݣɽĵһƽ̨У·Ϊģʮ׸ߵˣֱϰ죬ҡβʯĴ䳡ӿʯһţͬХһ㣬ֱһ֮⣬һ̨֮£ѷ죬̶ѷһţ¡¡ĵ߷𣬸Զ໤
Ƿĵӣۼ˹ʯ˷˹æһԱߵһӣ˷ݳʮ⣬һݣŴӲľκ˳ȥ
֮λڵһƽ̨Ĵ䳡ٴλָƽֳĿ
ˣ
ǷΪԼľˣĪĿԼľӪ˼ʮ䳡
ԯڰգһŲ׶ݵģ˿ȴǾζĿǸᵧ䳾ֻ꣬һ䡣λڣҪλĽ״ڴͬļȭЧǺ֮ʶҲûͬﺣ϶ΪһΪǾ뾳⾳򲻳磡
ĵӣһ뱻ܲƵڵءǸûüܣΪ·޾ȭ֮ǾʹľĿξĳסˣֽűͷͣͣĻõⲻΣһλǿİܸ𲼳Ǳ꼫ܲ˳ȥ
λʥȫ˻ɳȥģɵָԶɳ˴䳡ڵϣһ¾һ壬һǶЩʥѾǿɵʲôʱ´ͿԼ컯ˡ
·м䣬Ǿֻ޴ʮðɹɵȻƷ˵Ĵ䳡ʮ﷽ԲĴ䳡ʯûˣ˾ŵֵĹȵأ޸ѣúõһ߼֮أ˱ʧˡ
·ޱ飬һչ˫ɵԯܵߡ΢΢˵ԯ֪´εԺľУرЩ𣿡
ԯڰУɫ࣬˵СѼȻѾλǿߣΪʲô˵Ҫ֣ԴɣǲЩ̫ˡ
ߣߣʱףԵλ꣬ȻͬһСͬһϣսϷŪġλڰʮĴڣǾҲԼġǾȻҳսⲻǶһ
ԯܿԶһӣôģΪڵλСڣ
·һЦ˵ֻ㿴ϣʦϢɹغܶ࣬ҪһԺһԺĴȥҪµʱС֪ԵҲĸº󣬵ȻҲºſǲڵѾֹǰľһ㿴ϢҾ޷ȥҲ̫ģиһֱѹɽͻȻ̫а۵ǰ̫ѹɽ׵ϼ£ͻȻɽȥˣһֱĻ᲻£̫аѳӡ֮ܵԴĻ˭һֱԼΪԱʱ֮衣ҵĿԣսϢ£֮»Σڳɵۣ˵·һ
ԯһ˵ҲǴһʱһ꼫˵Ҵ䳡ô
̧ͷȥͷϡһᣬżһһŮ˳ƬռϿաеļ࣬һ˳ȾȾ£Ͻһӣɵ£ţһϣ˫Ǻһ㣬жʡߣȴλССüëЩ֡ڣĵĴۣŲ·ϡ
Ǳչغ󣬸Ӧɽ𶯶òһԯϣΨһһλγԯٵԯСɡɽδŮ
ûλɣ·޿СɣͷЩʵСɣ㻹𣿡
ᣬûжԵڶŮ˵
Сһ޵ʺˮһСϣ


353 
Сɾǿıͷȥ·ޡ·ͷѹ
ԯϿɽδŮһ飬ŭһ˵һڣɽΪΪҽϣ׹ܽһĵӣ
һѾռΪ֮һʱϹ⻪粨ư翪ȥƺĹ⻪С룬Ƶ⡣⻪Ȼǡ
·޾ȭ̫֮ھףȻԯлʲôҲһλ겻òӡܲʵʰĲգŵһ׿鲨һֻȴ̧
⣬Сֻ۴ǣȻеүү㲻
ԯϸâ˵ֻףһСҵɽĻηϣײֻҰһ¡
·ûжϻ֪Լһƽ̨ڲһԯ˵ڻϳһ¡ȻĲ֮ܲǺҫܷܲɳҪ޳γһһľ޴С߷׷˵ڶ̨ȥɽ£һʱλǿŪһ硣
ǰֻõϢϣʦµģѾɽˣȴҪºпһ㲻ɽ֮ҳֹأǲ̫ƫˣ·ŭ
ɽϣ׵ĵطɽ֮ǴܣҲðǵϹòʹңɽˣԯĿ
ǰðֻ֮˵а֮ǰ˼·˵
аۻˣҲҺϣ׵£㲻ΪһССĳڣϢܴù̫а۰ɣЦٲ²£ԲĿסĽѵɡ
ԯֻ̧£赭дһӣȴߴＸܲһŤһͣһֻʮ׵ľɵƳ·޻ͬŭһԯһ⣬ֻǶЩھ޴󣬸ǹ·塣
ƻڰ֮⣬·Ѿ޷ˣ˵һγڴʱ˿̣Ļһߣһܲյƽ˹ȥ
䡭
ɵľ޴ײڵ֮ϣյԯһ飬޾ɱƿƣֱ͸
৵ģ˳֮⣬ֻ޴һ⣬ڵ·޷ٲѾʮһϡ
ৡ
ǵϵ⵭ȥƴΪ룬ΡһѾڰ֮ϣѾܲһѹѻζ
·޼صĻӶƼ֮£ͻȻһƬڹ⡣·ֱ˵ʽڹ⣬һߵڰһû
һﵽʮ׿ľ޴ٴֳһѷ죬Ϊޡ
ããϣ׵ĴˣܵƣʸͬҵԯһԣˣСӣ˵õĹʲôɣ
һѹ£һն¡ֻ޴Ѿ࣬סƬ䳡
Ϣһ㣬ޱߵѹϴʱռ䣬һֻ̣üһֻϣѹͬʱÿͷҲͬһֻѹ£ʮɽߣǵһοʦ֣һۣһ㣬һһ׵ʧɫ
ѹ֮£·޵Ե̫С˲ٿ
СɸţСڳ
ϴ󣬸С
·޶̧ۣеľҲﵽ㣬似ӦþǵѾ˼޾磬ԼûӴģ㵱Լ𶯣ҲҪࡣ
ԵĿ۰ԽΪĴۣƴԼѾˡȻԯһ治֪ܲܵһ
·޴һǿǿĸĽХĵⱩʹƽ˵õĵеҲΪֹһУ
ǿʮǿ𵶼һѾﵽ뾳еʱ˿ҲѾΪڵǺ֮ӿȣϵǹ嶼ŷӨĹââ뵶һӳ֮ʱչڸ֮ϣһƬǶҶţֱ·⵶ӵһ·ͬһŹһ㣬ȫԺֻһͷƿƣ
ˡ
ݡ
ԯΪһƾ޵쵶У鿪
ԯôҲԼ۾߸Ǵľôأ
ƿƣֱ˰еԯϣǰһƿһֱֱﵽǰ˳Ⱦİɫ˿̱⼤ùĵ裬ֱ顣
ԯɫѿ벻СӾȻƵֵز̾һıŮĸ£бԵıҪôٱչܴﵽʲôزλǿӵױ似Ǿ춯أԼò˰˷ʵŴ־档Ƕˣƺϣ׵
ǰˣ
һԯϲòȥΰһ׾޽بǰͬʱշ·һӵĽϣ׾ȳ׵Ľж·޵⡭
һ·ϵ˲ȥΪޡ
ۡ
·һ޳嵹ɳȥɳһ֮⣬ˤڵϣѲһ޴壡
һУСС˹ȥֽ·޷·һһѪ˳Сɿ޵ϴû°ɡ
·޲ȻһЦԯ˵лǰ飡С֪Ĵˡ
һ·ף֮ľһ㣬ǼĲ࣬ҲԼͬλۣ۵Ĵվһ
ߣϣԯɫֻ࣬ϣһˣڶĵӣǲ˵Լпأ
ϢºԺȡ󿼾ͲҪμˡԯ˵ø㲻٣ڷɽһƽ̨֮
·޵ͷվ
ԯһץһֻȻСһץһУߡȻֻ£¡¡׹̨һ۾޷˻ᣬһƽǰĴƽ̨Ѿӡһֻ޴ĸǹ﷽Բָֻӡӡµĵ棬ƽࡣ·޻ٹĵ棬ƽˡ
·޾ָм䣬˺ûܿϲûܵúõָķ϶
亹£ĵ׵ĺȻþòƽ
Ѿû˵Ӱ˼չȥˡ


354 
΢΢һϵ·鲽׷ɣ紩һ䵽ϣವģֻʣһ߲
·Ҳ޷˼ƽϢ˷ڵϢ߻غɽĸԼŵĽһһҹûг죬·޲һ߳
˽·޻Լķ任·ܹҲаһţĲܡˣ
ڵѾ˾֮ʱ׼ս
һλһЦݵתȥʮꡣһ־磬ͿʵˣΪ·һûΪǳ˵ԼҪ߳һЩѾλǿˣɽټһλǿҲ׵¡·Щޱ߷ƵĵطҲᡣһݵ·޵Сϵ
һ޽ϲ⣬һסЦ˵ҵһˣСڽʲôҲ
·޹˵ǰ£
һЦ˵뿴óҿ
·Ѿϳ䳡ϣԯѷ֮ΪʦˣӦԯͬӵߡ
·޿˵ܲˣȻǸһֱû¹ɽ޵ĲͨʵֱˡһЦ˵䳡û𡣡
˭˻һֳޱȵĻںŶһʹ˵׷һֻһӣٸӦطʱʦֶˣһ±һüһҿʲôʹһ䣬͹۾·޵ʣʲô
·ֻһ䣬ļ˵һƽ̨Ĵ䳡˰ƯĳϧûϣͷҲ벻ʱʲôǴһõʱ龰˵òáһĿ·ޡ
·޿Цãҡͷ˵ǰҲˣҲ򲻹㣬Ұĵȹ£õϢٸСɶһͻؼˡɲ¶ˡ
˺ȻһЦ˵Ĵͻؼô
·޵ͷ˵ǵȻһʲô
˹Цһ󣬸˵㲻ҪΪСɵĹŮߣһֱ㡭
·һʵô֪
˿ǰһѾ΢ţ˵һڽͷԣҾĹȥȻû֣Ȼ˵ϴ󣬿˽ɣүүͬҼ޸ģˣаǿǸļ˳ۣģҾûĺÿֻһĶã˽ɣûİ취ɽҲû˼żСӣ˼ģѵСȥˬʲô֮ʲôԣʲô۵ģûһã˵أ˼ҵȻͬ˭˵̽ͷһٺ٣СѾͷڶϵһƻҲ·˵˵ֲ֣ԣҾˣСӴľһһء
·һ㶣ŻȻǵԼһ·ȥԭʼæµ·ȻˣʱҲû⣬һ·ϣ벻͵͵ŵռָˡ
˵һλ·ȣӿͷĮʱСһһװԼ߳ɳһͬսħɽʱһλħߣΪϴͬһȺߣħɽԡѪսǱħ޸ħ񣬴ӶԼԴɽԼһΣһӣһ·˶Ϊ˴ʲôס˵أ
·޸пˣһʱ㶣˵ôСɵӣҿһԣ˫ȸүүɡ
·һЦ˫һγ⡣һܱʣǸһ£ԭ˵һѪأԺûѪһˣߴǸСɱ⼸ʮ׶С
߿ֿ֮ô˵ȥ𴦱Եط˵Σһ֮ɫ·һ֮£̾λˣѵõˡǵͷ˵㿴ﲻʦ֪Ǿȥ˵òã
˴ϲЦȻ֪Ҫѵҵģܵɽȥ޷֪ãȤھߡ
·ЦǰҶûнʳһᣬ˷ȥأ
ããԡߵͷ
СװڷǰѾ߳ԹһЩ·Ҳ⣬һ٣Թһǰһ󣬱ɽ
ɽܶɽ壬಻ϣͬɽһ·ɳֻۣͬһ㣬߷·޸һʼϣ߷ԣƴӳܣ·޾ˣֻúſ˫ʱȶͿˣֱһʱԶɽϰ
һƬƽɽȣ߻վסع˵һǰɳһ֧㻪쵣ܸӵɫӣȻǷˮľͬޣԵֱ˳һ֮⣬ݣ
һЦ˵СŮɣһȻûԯĺý｣ҲһױҪǰ֫Դͷˣ
·֣˵ǰǶ֣Щ
ߵһЦ˵ȻҸҴô㣬Сɺһӣҿˣϻˣء
·Ŀһ˫ֿ𣬽е·ǰģҵĵһˡ
ɱ⣬˫ֱּ


355 ɽ
һߣ·һӶɽ˻졣
Сͷ۾һ｣ɫɫˮ⣬·޵ĵ⡣
ȻײڹȵɢˬЦеã̫ˣ˸ܴϼµˣ
ó¡¡棬Ϯ·ޡ
·޻һɽأѹõһΡ
˶ȫƬɽòֺ
·޷Ĵ򶷶ãɽм꣬Ǻлսսһ𣬾Ȼ񲣬ڴˡһһСһһҹֱܺľָͣܡ
һһҹս·޶սϣ˵ǴаĽӴɽ֮仯нΪ˽֮۽硣ԼһȥԷѾʮ̹Ūæңף뽣߶ԣԶЩ
ԷλŽ״ڣҲλ۷ڣ·ӵǺ֮ټʶ뵤ﺣ϶ΪһڶԷܴ֮ʱҲܡ
ԯִǰͲ̫ˣȻֻһ֮ҲһףһĲͬöȫһȼϣ·ԯǰֱһλǰͲС
ֱ磬Żָ²·˵
·޿ЦҡͷȻ۾һ˵ҲĶ֣Ҳˡ
һսѾ̴󼱣еˣ㲻ˣٴ
·ҡ̾һܵòٰܣҲûٴ˵Լ˵ʲôãҷûٸ㽻ˣʦִȥɡ
ͷż˵ţСֵܣҸոе࣬񣬲ӮٸҴҲʹ˵òáһ֮ɫȴҡͷ
סߣǶһȴ˵б似｣ѧһ£սӮ˵òã
·Цͣ½Ų˵ǵϣ۵Ϣѧʲô㲻ø𣡡˵üɫ
̳ĬĬ
·޿˿оˣ˵ǰϢиҲѧˣӮˣ˵á
ҡԴ
УУҾ뵽Ҫ˵ˣɲУʦҪѵҵġ˵Ժҵıڣܽģʦһ¾Ͳµõļõģһʣһ£϶˵ǹһղɡҡҡͷ
·ЦǰʶʶȻô֮Ҳˡ
һϲϻҡͷ˵вУʦֶϣͷ˵ɽ£͵ѧĹʶ򿪣ͿǱǻ˵ãС
·˵еģ㿴ֲѧʲô˵ϢµһһۣǶĺ°
·⻰˵£һʱͣ½Ų񡣹һ·ޣ˵𣿡
·޵ͷ˵Ȼˣ㿴ֲѧֻҶ֪ʦô뵽ѾôϢ͵ˣǲͦõġ
һ˵Թ֪ϢǲǾͬһսˣ
·˵Ȼһսսսкη
ߵʱϲͷ˵ãȥһԣ
˷𣬱ɽ˹ȥ
ڶһ磬Ǹֽʵ߾һͷ̽·޵Сݣ۾ɵøƵģ
·һһҰּ˷ܵӣ֪Ѿˣһǰһٴηɳɽȥ
ɽ·ƽϢڵϣʵһߡһӡ֮ϣһ£·޵ֳһ似·޴˿һ仰Ϥů
ܸ٣κԶ˹ɻммǣǸ߼似һͼԸӵ͹ÿһһммǣ
ϣʦΪʲôһأ·벻ףԴûйʲôɵʵ˹ǹǿ·ޱ츳ˣֻԼϿɰˡ
ڣʽ򵥵Ըӡȴ·ҲһģڰУģﵽ֮Ǵˣϣѧȫ·ǰипˣҲûпλȴһֱԼߵ۷塣
·ԭʮ졣
ʮУλʵڣЩҰ伢ڵȵü䲻Ρ
ϢһȫǶľ֮Ѿ֮ްѽ⣬ÿֶǺԶҪϸϸǰȻһǧֵһ׹·ʮ죬Ūˡſ۾ۼһƬֻԼľѾͬʮ֮һµء
ʵһ۲գĿ·޳һ˵ǰ·޸мͻȥɡ
ͷеʮ죬벻ĵһ仰ȻҪߣϵʱ͵ͨ죬еû
·˵гٴҲ١
㻹ûأͷ
ҲŪͨˣ뼸º󣬾ˡ
û˵꣬ͷѾӳ｣
Сӣ죬ߣ
·޿Ц£ε壬ǿߣɽзƴҹ
ɽƬɽȣܲ˼ݺύӱȱȽǡֻԶֹ
ͷЦ·ޱϴθѲˣһҲ͸ʹ졣˻һʱָܣһһ󣬷˻
ʧʮ죬Ҳûʹ·ȥˣ߸ʹ·һصɽһͷ뽣ڣҲÿյķ˶С׶ڷڽ⣬һ£
ºһ죬СãС˵Ҽ롣
·˳ʵʲô£
С˵ҪȥԺһˣ㣬ʲô£СĿɲ֪
·޵ͷطϵ·Сײɽ˵ڶƽ̨ԺĴƽ̨
˴Ͳǵڶƽ̨һƽ̨ܱȽϵ˵ˣӽɾɴùΡ룬·ϼ޲Ǹ߽̬֮տȻ
СһֱԺĲǰһС¥ȥ֮̫װΣȴǰһ֮УֹϢ¥ɢ
һһһ鷿ǰСţ˵·ˡ
˵ɡ
·Ŷ롣


356 
鷿ֻһˣòڣȴǴɽԯܡ
·޽λвûһ˿졣һö˶˵ĵһƽ̨޸ʱи־֮ɫ·һϵѾ˱仯Ȳѵĵط£ͻơ
ƽǰ似ݸ·ޡ
Сɻڱչأ˼ҷԸϣ״˵似ͽϣźðɣӴɽûκιϸ𡣡·һϲȥϸãռָ֮ڡ
д˶ֻװװӣòſˡ
ԯֹеһЩס֮Ļ·޾͸ǳ
һһ۾ͿλڳʵӰ߹ԣͷһЦʵһ㶣һֳһϲղ
صԺã·޵žͱϳʵƿˡ
СѣˣɼˡĴЦȥȵס·ޡͷɽ֮ϣԸ˵д¹Ź֣ҶǾԶֻ֮·޺Сɲ£дֵģϻһ罫ʮĺӣõѡ
ͷһϲֳһǳ˵ˣˣҴ»ˡ
·æʲô£ͷ˵ʶϢϢ˵סûʶΣҲòľͷüһааҾȻһн⽣˭ҲǴӵϻġʦҪˡ
·źЦ˶ӣжһ˷֮⡣
ߣ·˵
ʵЦ
һʱ󣬰ɽƽȣٴֳһһӰ
Ҳ޶ϻ·ްε壬ó｣ԣ߼·޵ƱǰӵĿ񱩣һ˵СѾǶ𣿡
·ЦҪлǰĴ֮£ڽһס
ͷѿ˵ҺҼСˡһӳֻ˵ǻӳΪͷĽУʵհֻ浶ӽ
·޼һЩײ࣬ҲúЦϵһǣһĻӳͬͷĽһģһ
¡һǵһһ䵽һ·ޱһʹֻеԷĽ޼ʣһĿռԼûġ֮£Ѿ֮⣬һţûˤ
ĽⰡ̾·ͻȻʡԷʲô⣬УĵϵⰡͷʱϲһеȻǰδСͷѳΣȻʮ֮һѾһνлӳ·ӳ֮⣬ͷгɾ͸УĴЦͬһӡ
·ɣӵÿһжǧƵĻӵһĴӵϸ򣬶еѧɡһҲ⣬·޾һ£ҪƬе
һ͵ûû˵ĻӶеʮȥʮȥɽƬأÿ춼ǵ쭣Ȼһ죬ĹâֱʮһСɽ̼Ϊƽء
һ¹ȥ·޿ϳʵʵ·޶öԷ̫ңϵ·Ѳ塣ϸǻ˵ģĿ
һһСЦ
صɽԺ·ϴһĸǰȣѾӵĳͬڵڽ˷粻֮Ѿɡ
¹ڶ죬ǰʮˣԵӣ·һֱӣһ죬ҲСټһ죬ҲϣۣλδıľǿߣӦ÷ӡǰԼһ죬ҪԯϹ֤ͬǰǳ
ԯ֮ĸ֮һ
һ磬С׾ϵȾ׷ɿڵСˣ·޳Ա󣬾ֱ˶ɡ
һ·ϣ߶·޲Ŀ࿴ˣͬһȥҲǸ˶ɣ
ν˶ɣ·ֱվǰΪ֮𺳡
һ·ϣֱ£㿴˶ɡԶɽ£мɲ׵Ԩ֮䣬һ᳤ȥϰ׵ӡ޾ʪˮϣ˱·бȻоĿ¡
ɽӣվɽСƽ̨ϣ·ҪվĵطȴƬƽЩͷҪһԨԵ
±ͷ·޵˰ʱżһȺȶЯֲ磬ǿɵԯıŮɽĸϣ£ʵԯܶڣλǷ
ʮ·޸Ԩ
ԯϿ·ޣϸһĸٴνСһͬ졣
С΢ͷ·ޡСӵݣȥֻۣǶĿȻ˳Ľĸûô˯ǳıҩүүĺ꼫ܰϴ쾭һҩʵ᲻˶ܣҲˮ۵ĳ£ͬʳһĲֵǮ
ĸ£һλʥ۷壬Ӳ۷壬Ѽʽߣζεٶȡ
վƬ̣ԯһ̧ȣ׾룬·ǰӻһͳʮֻ·ڱ߹壬һطλʮ׷Բڰڷ
ʮɽĿתĿš
䵽ϣƬռȻŤһһâͬȻĹԽԽߣԯϻϲͣһöأâڳʮգҫۣ˺ƿռһʹγһֱʵһʹնʱʧȥ⣬Ѿǡѹɽ߷׷ײ࿹
·ӦѾӵһռ䣬һؽ硣
ԯϺȻͷеϣףô


357 
һͬ죬һʱ俴λ۵Ŀ
ԵøӵĵͳĹâҲ˼֣ǵһᣬûڴγĿԯϣԯҲһ㵣ٹһӣȻеϣף𣿡ԭЩƮ·תͷռˮһܲϲɢȥ˫Ŀһ̱ÿն졣ҲľȻڵأòϢҲţ·޵ĸоѾԭأʧˡ
סɢ˶ϵ꣬˴¸졣
ǵĿⶼԯϡȻľѾȥˡ
ãԯ˫üһ󲨶ٿػعĿ˿·ޣȻ˵ϣˣܲһɣܲ˴ѹԻزˡ
·޴󾪣æô¡
ԯϳ˼˻˵ɽϢָƳ˾ڲԶطⳡԣܿõģǴ󲻳ʶܿһС·ޣǿʼɡ
·һ˵ϣֻһܣ˽ߣĻ˼ԣȻ˵ǰܲӺٱԵͨĴ󣬵Ǳ߰Ҷʦһѡ
ԯһ˵ΪԼ˭ϣ׾ֻʣһܣҲõöࡣȥˣֻģ˵һǶǰԼģϼһֱ꣬ʱóԸôܲݲ£УһҵҪϣ׵ϣҼҴԯٸһ
ԯû뵽³б䣬ͷƣ˵üɫ
Ȼֱʵתš·Ȼ¡СѾ̧ͷ˫۸ӵĴˡֳһָ̧֣ϵĵܲ趯Сִǰ̧𣬷·ǧأ˫Уһưǰ˾ͬһڹâǣȻֳһ̧ԯ٣
ƺƵףͭɫĽϵƣɫףһֻ룬֮ޣ뷢ԶСԵøӵĽС磬ؽ֣С˫ü΢壬һſһ污ɴɴų׿£һȣ׷似֮·޵ıҪƯһȼС׾޽ϷɳɴᣬѾԽ׵ľ룬һ̳·˵һ𵴵ÿռԲ˲Ϣ֮䣬һѾ⣬һͬ·ޡ
·ֻðε壬һɱһűˣͬʱһ߻˹ȥͬʱֱֳһֻܣһһܣǰĿռ䵲ʵʵ
ϣ

ཻǣƲžһ缱
СɵĽ̫ˣȫǽ⣬ƴķ磬γһɽĽһ˸߹һˣҪ·ûˡ
·һֱˡ
֮Ľ£룬һ£ܲɨнơڲУ̫ˣ˴˽˱˽ֻһһһ·ˣ룬Сԯϸɴٶ˿ѷĽ罣꽣⳱˲Ϣ֮䣬ɳʮ⡣
ԯֳĿĿ˿󷢳ĹâɽӣǿĿѣԡ似ǻûлõܿһۣԼΪвٵ
һӣǧŰٽĳˮйϡСҪͷӵ޷ģǧŰгһó
âһʱ䣬׳һͣͣ΢ɾһ㣬·޶ದ˰ףһȻߣֻ֮ǰһһһǰĽ⣬Űһǰɨȥ
Σ·޻úСģһλڶߣսһλ۷ʣòСġ
֮ǰһҲһˡ
һСǰͬһûСɴչϴĵ⣬Ȼ˫һţܺȻʧˡ
ʱ˵أѾԶ˶ɣȻڰ죬ڵȻܿˡ
СɺȻܣɴչȻ·޵ϡӵܶĿɿڴ
Сɣ
磬·˫ĿɣĶǵĴһȻһͣȻСǰȻһգܺķɻ۰һʹѽ֮ܲײ·ϣһ˲԰ֽ
ۣ
˵Сɣһ޶ĿѪҺСǰ
·޾ˣ˫ۣǰ죬һӿѪѹڡ
Ϊʲôʹĵʵ
СһЦСһ˿⣬˵ϴҴ̹һһֱȥ㻹ˣȣȣã
˲伴ţ·һָסϵ˿ڣ˫һչɵǰ֫󻷱ȫȥȫܷ˹ȥһֻҽַɿĴӶ֮ܵСڡ
ϣ˳һ壬Ƭռˮɢ


358 뽣
ֻҽֶС˵ϤУ·޻ǿҵϢؿڵʵϼǳ˲θҲʱѾ·ֻҽ֣߰Σֱȷʹ˳ſСɵ塣
֮⣬ԯ˪ĿŶˡ
ϢˣŭҲ״ϣ˻һͬˡ
˿ţɽĴ˾ͷϣ״˵Ļһĺ׽档
ʱ˿̣λ۵ŭѾ˶塣û˶׵ԣСˡܴȥǴҲֻװǻƣʲô塣
λ۵һͷʹˣСôأ
·˵ʮ⣬һеĿСɡԯ˵ǽŴ򡣡
Сָ˼û·޻ĸоγһʱ俴·ޣֺּһŮٻӽ·ޣԯϾӽˮҲǸʲôĳ˫絶·µס
򡣡Ȼ˵
Ȼһܲԯ·ǰһΰγĴԯǿСʮĽͬһ׵Ľ壬Ǵﵽ˰׿⣬һСϵĴ󽣡
·γһλΰߡһλѪпüصĳߣһö֤ҫĶǿߡ
·˵۴ˣ֣ͬҵ룬ս١ҪȢŮģҽҵĵ֤ʸҲˣ֪ȶ֣ҵĵˡ
˵仰ĿλһŮӣλһǿС˿һҸĿᡣǸ޵СԳ·֮ǰܹˮҲû֮ʮ֮һࡣҲֻΣһĸŮɽһɱ˵һˡ֮Ҳû޹ֱ·ޡ
̫ˣ㻨Ҳû취ˣ˭˶ôأˣǼŮӶһ£г뵽
ܷŵޣ·һ־֮ڹ⡣
һһһ
һһСף˵ĲĲһ㣬ϴһֱԼİһʲôҲֻз˵ķݣӲһʮĵʮⶼĺ
ԯһⳡصĽŵģ·ޱ֮ǰһʱѾˣ̶ĸ£λ겻ǽ򵥣õ˸ĸ
Դλ֡
𳤴ף׵ؽ󣬸ӡӦģȴᡣһ̧һʽƽƽ˹ȥһٶȿ쵽·ǿ˵زʶҲֻܿһӰĵҲ죬Ƭռ䡣
䣬޿ɱܣ¡¡ײɽϵİ羪װ𵴡
ܲ𵴲׷˵Զĵط۾ⳡѾõĵڵĽ
һ·ӭȥ˫һչ쵽ޣһݺ£𵶣һаĵ⣬ɲǼȫ˵似ǰռŤңĺӵϷ񲼳
ߣСһеӣԯЦţһ̳
һһƬͬĳϵľ޴죬ʹһͬ߸ϵķ㣬ס·޵һƬ

ǵ뽣ײ뽣Ķײǰӿɽľˣܲʵһ㣬춯ء֮Ͷٴ˵һ֮⡣
䣬ܼһ
·ֻñ۰ٴηȫʹ
˳ȥɳ⣬űӶת˻
·޵ĵѾǿڱĵ⣬ٴѾǼʶеۣ۾˼ޣƿأﶼΪҲؼǿҲеоһ𻪣
ԯϵϣײֹһεĶԹУ֪еΰĸСнȻ쳣̳
ݡ
һҲ򽣣һ似ֻϣù򽣾
ɲǼ䣬·Ƭɱš
·޵һӲȥˣ˴룬ǰܶա
˫ͬʱ裬ٿȻ֮˳һ֮⣡
ϻ߰˽ڽֻ͸ܣû˵·Ѿ˴롣
΢΢һͣ˳Ҫһ֣·ٿȻĳһڵԯǰϴһ˿⣬ӵ£
Уġ
һһ磬֮Ѿ˿ռƣһӣʹĺƺƵģǵصİ
ȫǵ⣬ؼ䣬·޵Ѿԯǰչͬչһ룬һ߹ͬ룬һͳ£һв֮Ҳϣ׵ԯ϶ԽʱɱС˶գڵʱû򵽵ڰϣڰģϣ׽Ҫ뿪ɽʱɽۣ֮ռҹԲȻ۹޷ſһٻһµս硣ģѾܸ似һ޶似
ûаţҲа۵Ķ֣ȴļޡһλΰߵεļޡаĶ㡣
˵һХ·еһӳģԶΪѾͬһС
С롣Ϊ·޳տˣϴ̫˧ˣȻүүįǰӵ˵ʵүүһóҲҪɢġ
ϴϴܸ⣡
ˣٻٻҲܲ
ԯóһУɽ
һֻɽһΪƣһо硣
г֮ƣ֣µһС˴˹ȥҲϣߺ󣬶Աչʮ꣬Ľ⡣
һ̳һƣƬƬ컨¡ÿһƬĽԯ٣
⻯ƬƬ״ʮ֮ⶼһϡ·ޣ
һжԸһʱֻʮСԯԼҲе졣ǱȽڡ·޲ûܣóõһµĵоôءõһ£һˣԯϷԼһԸŶ֣ҪһˣѾһ˳츳Ǿ·ޣһǿҪȢǿӵĶʮꡣ
¡¡ײһ˵ײ򴦣ȫǵײޣޣײҲ޵ġ
ߴľ濴ţ


359 
һ˲佫ձ˱ȥûɵ꣬ϸܹ״ת۱һƬػԭ״̬
ԯɫѿĿʹÿ
·εΣȻˣһ۵³ѪһεײսһΣеҲ˵úء̧·ս˵ˣǰȻˣԯȣѷһȻҲվš
ΧĿӺ䣬ԯ߿еˮɱ¡ϣԳһģһĮһֱԼѪΪ٣괫еĵ۵ܱԯ٣ȻܸһСӣϣһҲϡԶԯ·޵һսӦ˵λۣϣ֮һֻϣײûĴˣݺӵ
ɽʮɽӣһĿһΪ˵ģλΰߣһ򽾰ģӳһֱڣûаܹһΣϣ׽սҲֻƽְˡƽҲܣⳡԣԸʹȻ
˭ܱǿ޵ϵĴڣ
ԯϵЩƣص˵·ޣһһУҶǿѵվŵǵվԯˡеһ𣿡
·ްԣ֪ԼӲֻλǿߣԷѾ޵еˡƽҲκεɡǸڣؼǵϵȻţһֱûĶɽϣۣһռ䣬ǡ
ߵʱῴñҪ
үү㲻СɵԵõ¡ϴɡ
·޿һۣС֪ԯٶڽһүү壬Ȱүүһܡ
عͷ·޿λߵĿ⼫֣أ˵ǰԯµһ룬һʩչźġСӾƴһС¾˵£йһţϣܰСɼ޸ңҲ룬ͬһġͬźӦҡ
ĿֱŶΰߡԯҲ濴ꡣɽɽµӴˡ
һС﷢ϲԼλϴ޵̫ˣҲֻһΣ޵ޱȳ졣СϣҸĹâ˵ϴ󰡣㲻ˣҲһӡ
·ûлͷûпӢϣ£ݷһ

һ̾Ϣԯϻ̧ؽ
ɽĵڶУĵڶУλΰϴ˳ȥ
硣
Ϊһкʱꡣ
ԵвǵһΡ
һ̹󣬽ͻȻԯʧˣԯڻڿ
һ΢磬ǴԯϷģޱ޼ʵķ˳ȥԯٵĲһ̣΢Ѿ޴ڡ
ȻʣԯϱȴмƮ罣˵ĸо
·޸ܵ˴δеգԯѾ֮޼֮޴㣬޴޽нĶϵĽ⡣
·޳Ʈգ˫ͻѪɫȫ·ĵ·ͻȻߴ࣬ѪҺ⣬һ̶ȼһ㣬ǺӾˣеǳǷâٵ𣬻ӳһ˲䣬պȻһǳ֮ϣռʱһ̼ͣˣĵҲǼصĻ˳ȥ
йһغСһ·ΪֹܷһУС
ģڰУҲһУһųʵУֻˡ
ľ˵ˣȻ·ֻ˼ɵĹϳȴƴȫȵָܺ·޾˵һģϳͷڶϳͷɳһ֮⣬ɫѾһԶľ룬þܣʹǿĽʽ֮£Ѫϣɳ֮⡣
·õлҹҽλùĴڣȴ˵ʲôҲͬˡ
ǵĴλӳ·޶ԴеĸѾСɣѾϣ״´ʱɣλΰˣͷһ춯أ
֮ȫǵ⣡
ɽˣһȻأʮеа˳ɲʡ¡
ȫǵ뽣⣬ͬԯһ޼֮·ϻޣˣ
ȻؼŤ޹⣬ǰһޱкڰڰһûȻһƬâһƬûâ޶ԣǰȫããȻһƬҲʲôһ˫ʧϣѪ
˶һıʮڵɽ嶼УһɽǺ¡һ죬Ũ֮£ҽӵص˳
޼֮ԣʹ˽
ԯȻվţֻݲ࣬ɫҰܣʧǡû˿
һ֣ûóȫ۰˳ɵܣһλڣӦû̫ˣ̫ˣȴںţӦɹ
Ϊ·޻վǰû
ȻȫڲλȴЦ棬泩һֱҿڣһɹðѪҺ̻ص
Ӯˣ
һУסԯ٣
һ̣Сɰγԯ٣϶ײ࿹һϲᣬɴɵ·ߣһ˫ۣĿ
û˵ӵһ
һлָƽԯϸ̾ãȻһЦ˵ϣװϣף㻹ţӵһɫĴˣܴ似ԯǷˡ
¡¡Щϡ
ĴȻĶײȻţӣâֱﵽһռ䡣
ʱһȻӵһڳ˶һ
ԯˣ˰ˣ֪ô
϶ûС
ԯɵһ£濴ȥͬʱ˵ǻڵϵʮλɽ£ǶЩСʦˣȻûеأͬʱʣͬһһ㡣
ɲǼ䣬·޳һ亹
λˡ


360 ̫а
ʮλ˵ӣһͬ죬񱩣߹Цаȥÿ˶о춯صԵͬǸǱǵܲƳʮ⡣
ԯջصԯٴγ壬˿·ޣ·ѾɫһֱΪ֮ǰĶײͣﻷСɣ˰ҪڼС
Ҫָܣôףǿ羫ľѾͬԯٵĶײУҽһֱ޸ţϢҪ𲻿ľУڣǧѸʹǷ˵ġ
СƳ⣬ı˫ۡ
Сɸо˳ѹ
˭ͷ¶β֮ͽôԯϺȵСǣ
ߣǸ֮ˣһ죬ʮλʦӣͬʱĿ˫ִţ˫ֳȵĿֲкɺǰѪɽѪ
תʮλ˱ͬѾ֮ǰײѹ׷ݲ֮ﵽ˼㡣ɽûܹ𣬶ҵ˸Ͳ֪ġƻ̡̻
޵󱲣һֱԯܰν壬ɫࡣ
Ļһ䣬ֻƬ̣ʮλͼߣдţǰѪڵϡһƬ죬Ŀġ
ԯܺһգƺжϮ˹ܿõǰܲһιѾλĽڣһ䵽ϡ
ԯʶɳĶᣬͬ׼һ̵̳ķλȴǰһһ㡣һţʵʰţ
䣡
ԯײϣܿõĹâɢ
ԯϷȥֻ˲䣬Ȼֹ
һЦ
ɽɽͼȻ̱ѪɽƮ
ɱˣ۶ϳǾѾˣǲǣǸ¡һɽѿʯֱϰ׸ߴȵҽӿѵӿ
Ǹϣ׵ҲڣѱֻһССˣһʲôͷ¶βءѾûҿˣǺǣѹ֮ãҲҵ£
ͳ˶м
¡һɽըһ׸ߵϸ߿ա
׵ŵģȸҽγɵιǰȼյϣһϼµϼ£
̫аۣ
µ꣬ùҽ˸壬İΪ˶Ը½ɽӵԵϼ¡Ϊεϼ·ɽ¡¡ײӡ֮ϣϰٴεײڴӡص׵аڲ֪ħǷڣСݷڵ£ŵҺӣܵɽ֮¡
Ļ岻ʱ֪̽ѾˣֽȴһռزѾа۹ĵĵȵ˰ʮ졣Ҫȷûٴνӡ
Ļ׽ס˵ͼߣڸ߼ʶǿû岻׿ƣΪ˲¶ݣҪ壬ʮϣܳ춯صܣ
ڼȻѾ֪ϣײܻԯϵļвֵһᣬҲ˼ɣ󷽷档Ϊһ̫аۡмڳɱСΪ̽۾ڲɽ֮Сڣɱ¾һģΪĹҲֻ̫Ŵۣܷ࿹
֮ǰԯһ̹ȥž̫а۵ķ
ɱ˽ͼߣȷ˴Ȼһˣаǣϲĳסصĵ£һ˿õ֮С
չݵ壬һеЦšƬսٴγΪ£ΪΪаƬգаص½
Цȼŵ沿Գһ޴׶˫Ҳǻ죬ͻ棬мһͫףȴǰ׳㣬ʵâ֧ͬƣ
ԯɫڻָ糣ֻҪսģǲ˺ġԯǷչ̤ܽϰգһλڣʵһվԯߣغɽ˶ţܲϵһĲֱʮ⣡
½гϼߣϰգ뵽֮УһӣѾʮλ֮ࡣ
̫аЦڲ֮ϣʮ׸ߵӴ죬ʮµĿ߼뵽һϣԽԽ֮һսǺ˼ġΪһλ̫аۣվȺ֮ܲǰ̫гɾ͸ˡĵ£ʹʧ෴ģ޾ĵصϢ񱩵޵İϵڻһֱĻ壬ڵ֮ħһս֮ʱҪǿ࣬һսŵڣڲڱӡ
ӵĿܡ
ʲôôӴǴ׹䡣ûۼߣûߣǻԲðɣʡ˼۸СӵĻаѽɺõö࣡
ԯһ䣬Ȼͷ»ԭصͬŵӽеа۴ˣŹɽСɽȥɣԶ뿪
ͬһ㶹ͻȻʡԭǴ˵е̫а۰Ҫħֲܴܵռ֣Ƿ׷ͷųܣѸɽȥ
̫аȴĿһ䣬غһ˵ĺһ
䡣߶иǱ


361 ҵ
˶Ҳ·ʮǣٶһȴ첻Դĵӣѭɽ֡
̫аۺ߹һľֻ£˵һһۺɫϼ˳ȥǰѽ׽ϼ»ΣХ˴ԡ
׳ϼ£޿ֻͬһ壬ʮʧȻζ߼ӿɢ
ԯ۾һһϵԯͷųȥ¡¡һ⣬趯ȥ
ϼ»ͷףҪԯ࣬˫ɫ޵ƣԯƥ壬ۼ׷˫Ŀףһѳʵռ꽣Ȼ˹ȥ
ϹХײһתϰգһʱֲ¡
仹˸ôôúãе˼а۴ЦУһȭ¡
һٶףһȭ޷Ŵ˲䵽ʮλǰȫ𣬱ҵܻĿȼˣаǰ졣
һͬܽ˹ȥɫأǷĺ罣ԯܵʵ｣ϵĵؼֿܽȭԯϣƺ˹ȥ
ȭ磬ǵصĸǹĿռ䡣ʮɽ֣Ҳܲ￪⣬һ¶ײ춯أȭһӵϣĻ𣬱ʮ֮⣬ʱ˿̣ܽҲɱ¡¡ľĶǵӻдÿռŤ𱻺⣬ɽ̶ȼ
һײ֮£ĺУаʮ⡣Ҳˣеͽ׵ķǷк罣˲仯ȥӻֳѪҺԯܿһۣûйȥѣ˫һһȫĻˡ

˰а۷Цޱۻ£ͬǧǧɽ¡¡ģģһƬ𺣣
ҵһ
ԯϾƻӳͬʱѾһֻ޽˹ȥ꽣ͬʱһߡƵİѾ˥սȴŨңХֱѾ֮һ֮У˻ɢ֮ģ
ʮһǿߣλڣλ۷ͬʱһһۣ֮ģʱ˿̣һ£Ҫ⣬Ѫ⣬ǧжǿҵµĿ
˺˹ȥǽ
̫а۷Ц΢һֻϸ˿һֻӳһͻȻҪԭر˿İУһʮɣһҲ׸£һŶԷʮλӭȥ
䣡䣡䣡
һλȻԯϣֻﵽһСľ޴׳ߣױıƳɣǧ˿ƣһ˲Ͼƣ䣡˺һķɳϸ˿ǵԯϺΧƹȥ
䡭
ʮһͬƵķϸ߽ʮڵն˻ϸ߷趯硣
Ҳһ꣬С·ޡ·޳Ϣ˲Сԯٳף۾һգգĿս룬ҪȫĻ㱦ϴ
ԯٴʱòӳȥûɽȴﵽ׳̶ȣνϸƵĻ˿ߣϸһͻȻһϸϾȻżصѹĵ֮˿߾ǳĵܾ꣬Ǻɽ֮࿹ģ
һཻС˲Ұףϵϸѹ˹
Уȫڱ𡣴ʧɫСɣȴһۿһϴ·ޣȻͷĿһѾЩɣĿӣÿ顪ϴ󰡣һҲãǲǡ

Уİ˲ŸոžۣжٺӵǣЩӦСǣЩССɣСС·޻ûû磬ôģ
𡭡
СȫѣֲʵĴѪһеԯٺȻ𵴿Х˵һһ޹â˫ֱּڴʱ˿̣һ̣ͻ֮ޣţͻ֮ޣֱӳΪĻ꼶һޱȣ򽣻ȫ֮ڣ׳޷˵Ǽ׵а˿

ƽʮɽߣֻʣ˻ڰ֮ϣǼа˿صĵ֮ױΪޡ
ȻЦŵ̫аֻۣ״СǸȼš
ԯϿıԯСɣǰڣѪеϱͲ
ʱ˿̣ԯѾصķǿа۷࿹а۵Ǽϼ£ȴεɽڣдڶߣһһ޿ڡ
һսô䰡䣬Ĵ˵زȪ֮£ܰϢ𣿡
аۿЦţһֻ֮ڣһͬһᣬЦ˵ǿֲĶʲôûҵ֮ʱ֪ɣǾǰˣֲıħаûһĶ֣ڣͻڣΰɣǣҲβĶ
˵ţֻֻؼҵĶͶΰĳռǰ


362 
аֻУһССͷ­⣬ȻǹŵСС壬С첲СȵһոճССӤǰͬʱľǹޱԹɫâССһϺɫĴźѪССаۻţ֮һֻССͷ­۾ҺڣС÷۰͸ѽѽģֽҶĹĵСϣͬһϺɫϸںߡһţԹɷúһ
аֱſϵԹӤţٶԽԽ죬Ƭ̼ǰѾмǧӤ裬Թɷ֮λ߾ˣ⾹Ȼһױô
ǷɫҰף޷ЩӤֽŷ
һԹӤѪɽ޾֮ʱԹɷ֮ѾƬأ֮󣬳ǵÿӤżԹʱȫͷųɭɭϢÿһ㡣
ߣȥɱǣаۺȹһ
ֻԹӤǵ˹ȥ
ɫɷԹ֮ڱأԹӤײ˹
ԯ۾ֳâеԯٴλɳȺӤ˹ȥԯһӳǰԹӤ׷׻Ѫ׷Ľ
ʵڸܲγɵʵһ㡣ֱܵһ￪⣬ӤɰȥǷȴĶСӤӶֻ֣ܲǿơСɻ·ߡͷųСĻ굶֮ͬǰסԹӤĽϮ
·ȻڰУ˫΢ɢѾָ˴롣
Ľ⣬סײӤܿɱˡ
һֱԹӤ֮аȴһҲżϴζǰһУ·ڵʲô
ۣ
һʵһԹӤǵǰѾȫһƬϺڵѪ
аЦˣЦü⡣
ȻҪϺɫأһ³һīĺһֱ絽Ѫ֮ϡע⵽ԹӤ飬˴ȴȻţǧ׵Ϻڿ趯
ء
˿ˣǺĿ
ԹӤڿް
λСһȥѪ⣬ȻٴθϵһģԹӤٴΣĳǰǰƤɫһģһΨһͬģϵĺԹ֮ɷһǵɱ¾ֱǵٴӿֲѽѽţ˫ţײ
ϱɫֻлӽս
һֵѪǷ磬ɱһθǿԹӤѾôȥʱʱһֻϸӳء
Ȼа۸ӵ⣬һε
ء
֮ʢǹ˴աֻԹӤٴγΣԹߵĳλﵽ㣬ǿƥֱѹڿղ
ɫ
ٴȥ޾ݣûиͷԶҲɱⲻģǸͲˣֻһɹɵԹɵģͲʵʵĶɱɣɱԽأǸӵǿ󣬸ӵԹء
һ붯֣һʱһֻǰ۵Ǿ춯صģֻԹӤʲôֻǣŴһǰһ֮ģһ󣬰˺ѷΡ
ײһһ࣬ԹӤɫ۾ȫɷ
ǷӶĺ罣⽫ﵽԹӤͷ˭ֻԹӤȻſɫͫĴۣȻһСһ
һУֻԹӤһͬԹǽеģ˽үСۣһң罣ȴҲ̲ȥˡһߵɷжǲᣬȻ˵ܸ磬ȥһˣܲˣǵҰ
ҪľǶսĻɥѾ޼ԹӤɱ֮ˣܽϺȻʧȥԭز
ǰԹӤҲײ˹
ͻȻ۵һһѪĿУѾ׹ȥ
ԯ𣬴һӵаۡ
ͼԹӤɵڣа¡ף嵽аΣڵļˣļ磬ͬʱ֣Ҳа۵Ķ֣Ը⿴ĥ޷ʩӣֻҪлϼ֮ĩ·Ҳʱ¡
ԯԹӤȺ̾ͱԹӤΧסͬͰһ㣬һһأһӾǼֻͬʱȥǴʱԹӤȥٵ޽ᣬƬͣ
ΧλҲһǰԹӤأԽԽԶ˸ָٲܻչˡ
Сǰ˫裬ûд󰭣һĿĴ磬治֪ʲôʱſſʱԯһƬҰܣ֣ػŮɱ˹֮ܣܿѪ·ߡ
ʱ˿̣а۵Ц羪׹һԹɵһѾ϶ھ
ԹӤкȻһԯܵȷŭ̿֡ѻȥþˣʮֻԹӤ˵ϣſС죬һеĳ˺ҧȥ
飡
ԯԱɢ
ͬʱһڵеԹӤ
һʹŴһһξ۵һֻԹӤٴθϣɭɭɷȫ졣ΨһֱֻĹȻš
ԯϿһСɣȻ˵ԯѪɾСɣҴλ۴߰ɣߡ˵úء
Сһ㶣ԹӤѾʣôӳȥѾͬϴһͬȥ֮ģô£ʱүү˵ͷһͷһߵ·ޣʱ˿̧̣۾ɫѿĿƬա
ԯ˵ִͨڣǼ˵ȥǾ͵Ϊ۵ȥɣ챾¾ҪһҪħϳĨȥ
˵һ䣬һХϵٴλȻʣڶԹӤһ񱩵ĴܣһʾĲֱһ·
Сһ޵֣˼ԣòүүĻ
Сοϴǣ¾УһҲϣܳ漣·ȴһ󣬵ͷ˵Ψһܻŵ·
ֻʣˣܴһͬɱ֮


363 ϼ
·ſۣһ۾ͿСɡСɿ۹ƽһ׿һеĻ
ڶ۾Ϳ̫аۡ
аվ޾Թ֮󣬻ҺɫɷѾƬȫ档ʹӳƬطͬɭɭķţӤ޺һƬͷѡ
ȻԯĽߡ˫һ̧˵һɱ޾ɱ⣬ƿǰɭֱ֮ƿ
һ޺֮Ȼһ١
ԹӤĿⶼ·ޣͬһ¡⣬ݵ̫аҲһ˼Ŀ
صɱζ
·չ˫һǰ¡һ𵶣
ʱ֣һǿСһӳɱ¾֮춯أתǺ֮ƺƵĵԹӤ
䡭
屩һξң۵һƬѪꡣ
²ͣٳǿ𵶼ĵХǰѾһƬ
ǿƥȴպԹӤĿǡһһײһɽХٶռ˿
һͻԹӤ˭Ҳû뵽ģԯϣҲһﵽ˵زаһ䡣ΪԸоԹӤ޾ѾǿԹ֮֮£Ȼ˲ˡ
ôܣ
ʮѼʱسŴһӤ֮ʱԹԼеĶǡһˣȥҲͲʮëӣһͽԹô£ʵϢһаĿǣķ˵Ȼ֮аֻԹӤǷȻķĶԽɱ¾֮Խǿ෴У֮Ͳһˡ
𵶲Уȴǿ֮似οϢءһ֮Թһɢԯһϲܵ˸ղ·һĵ⣬ͷһѾ׹еӣһϼ£
·׹ܴǣʹϵϺ俪
֮˳֮⣬ѪܿᣬԹӤѾ޽вˣڿе壬Щɣ
Ѿ֮ǰʮ׿Ĵâ㣬ѾЩˣܼãѾˡ
ԯϿԼŮ˵ǸϿ߰ɡ
С˵һ߲ô
ԯ˵ѾǼˣаǴ򲻹ģϣúһҪɽүүĿ˸ơӵĿųصڴ
СᣬһĽһһǰ趯λ䴫ˣĿԣǧʵҲ˵ˡ

һа۴ЦУֻԹӤлϼ¡ǰǻҲãֻԹӤҲãֻΪ֮Ķ޵ȴһϼ¡
䵶ڣòЩöм֮Ķͬ·ޣѾˣҲΪԵǼĽɫǸԼҲڡ
·ޣȤ
Ƕ£
а˵
ļ̌һָɹ
ĵ֮
ϼŵ̾ѹ˺ֱֹͣҪ롣
ӦѹŭУϼӭϡ
֮ײһ¡¡ķӿ˸ԯƥȥڻײУһĥơ
ԯһУٻصУֻʣСһϼ¼ɱμСۼһСԯѾǱ롣ΪȻʲôȫ֮ԯһֱı壬ѹ
ԯһ̳÷أԯϽǰһĿռ䣬ֱӴλ̫аۡռһ֣ڹа۾ڵϣȻԳһ֧䱬ҳ̶ȣǰ׵ĿȼˣһƬ֮ءֻֱӳؽ˹ȥ

˲ȥǰһʱʧâչ
ԯ˺ɫࡣ
λһͬȥ
ܽɱ⣬֮⡣
а۴ڣûģлϼ£һӳ֡
ա
һһɽʱһȻм㼤գɽݲһƬ֮ء
̫֮¡
ۡ
еѪɳȥ·һչǰܲͳ֮⡣
аۺܲһ֮߹һٴλӵ
ϼֱ̿ˡ
λߣһͬʱӭǰȥ˽ͷŵ˼㡭

ײޱ޼ʲɢ
ʵ̾Ϣһ˵޷ʣͬǦ׹档
ԯѾ֪ʶھϣ߷ݽ¡
һʱ䣬ֻʣԯϣԯСɣ·ˡɫҲѿ˶㣬ܵ˺˾
а۹ЦţھԵǰܲΡ
䣬ôҲ벻нɣĺˣ࣡Ȫ¶ðЦлһϼ⡣
лǵĴڷҳϳˣȸǲ֪˵ʲôãлһ·֧ţ۲˽ĳɼûվƼҲֻпҰȸˣٴθл


364 ϣ׵
ϼһǼʮɴ壬һغ󣬾һֱεڵһ㣬ƾܲϻȥ棬ɳʯҷɣǾԭӣһıԭо벻䣬·֮Ѿɴһ㡣
кһҪӳȴһۿԯϵĿ⣬Ŀܸӣһۺ·пһжڲ֮УһѱԯСɣһӳ˫չͬһ㣬Ŵеļȥ
ԯСһĿ䵽ԯϣүүһЦȻԭʧˡ
һףСӿľ޴ԯ٣ϼײ˹ȥ
৵һ·𵴲һأٿһ۵磬һ棬һأֻǿõ棬޶ϼ֮ⷢ޷˵ĳ˹ȥâҫۡ
ԯϣԯСɼ޹һλߣıݽ˻ԻͶΰһ
ԴǶ˽룬âﵽ˼㣬ʮһ֮ȫû˵ģתۻɷɻңʧˡ
â·ԯСٿʧС
̫а۽ŽײǰĻԯɢһ֣ȥһǻ԰ն䣬ֽסˣƵǰš
һö񵤡ԯϵ̬
а۵һЦ¿ȥ
ޱߴȼңɽһƬ𺣡
ʹУƺûʱռĸֻں㶨һȻˤ䵽һط
ԯСſʱֻеһϢ֮Ȼһɽʪ
߰ߵȻʲôһʱܴʧȥүүʹתӺܽ
ϴ󡭡·ޣѰҡ
߹һǰһһۿϴһֻ˫ӨӨĹޡ
ﵽ붴ͬߵľ޴ޣ˫ȴǺ̵ܴĹ⣬絶ͻ֮ϣ˫ǰ֫ȴ˫֫ˣϸͬһ㡣ʮ׸ߵĴһﰡ
·޲ڳ֣죬ͷԯСɣ΢һͷȻϵֻռָֻޣ˵Ҹߡ
ٿأָһ˺ӿռָ˳
ʮ׸ߵİ͸壬޴С൱һЦСצһץһ£ʯ׷ɣһɽǰץצˡ
޶ȤſֱСɽʯͷȥǰ֫һ̡
һ¾졣
һƬ
·ԯСɣˡԷֻһﵽ߽׵Ĵޣ˺Ȼʲô
ֻ϶ԷСǰ֫ȴǼȻһצϵʯɽ
˺һֻǰצɽ𲻶ϣɽ屻ڳȻ˳ȥ
޴޺Ȼʧˡ˺˻
·һ㶣һĲˬæʣô£ǲӦóȥˡ
ȥɡ˺˵
λһͬߣѾ˺СצץǼһƬ·Сɣ
⣬Ⱥɽ֮Уһϣɽһۿ߼ʣȻǸİĵطУ·ޱһӦÿˣӦþϣ׶ʦǳȴɽȻȺɽ
·Сɣ˵ӦóߣԯСҡҡͷ
һߵ˺ȴͷԵĶһƲ·޺ܲ죬ôˡ
̧еӣȻ˵ߡ
Ϊʲô·֡
ߣǸ˹ֹ˵ҵһᣬȥʦˡ˺һ
·һ㶣Ȼܶʲô˺һܶģԭȻڵżԼʮַŭ
㲻ԲеĲְɣС
ߣһôСңƫҪʲôĶ˺Ȼʮ԰ȻҲǸߡ
·СɶӾôºЦ
ǻûЦ˺Ѿ̧ͷ
һˣ
һƬһ˫Ө͸̵Ĳ泤ǣһ㣬֧Զӵ̵¿ɰۼҲǴ̴̵ɫͷҪڼ֮⡣һ·޷ֳֻɫצ
ԯС·Ŀɿڴ
찡Ǹİ֣Ȼһֻצ
צǳô·޿һ۵ϵİ͸״˺ЩͬҪͬһһսǿɲǽҪͿԵİ
˺ЦˡЩѵ¡һǿƥܲСצһץ棬¡¡죬ǰɶһЩһצȥһСɽ
Ѫ۾ٴѪ죬˺ָ̬֮Сצ̩ɽ
צ֮ԾֻޱĹޡǰ֫һ㣬ָ˺
צһţһ״ӿڿ˵ѾһֻˣѾ˻֮״Ϊʲôȥ۸һСΪʲô¡¡ȥͣȥλŮ
˺һ㶣Էͳ֣ôǣԷڳһ߸ϵӣЩԳܡ·Լһµĺһ㣬ⲻǳԼô
ȻܴǣСצСɽһ¡
·޸еѹԷԼĸоȻɲ⣬ֻһǸԼѹȴأȫͲ֮ǰЩ޵ĵȼѾԽ֮ޣһ㣬𾪣һȻڣ
СҪпͷˡ
һߵԯСɸϾȵĴ۾ӹһЩԾ֮ѾԱ
ûп࣬ʶ໹ע⡣
˺ӹشɽ崵һһľ޿ڣ޴󲻹һƿ׵ľ룬д̵˺Сɽ֮ϣһ죬Сɽȥ֮Ȼɢ˺ϣ˺ȻĲܲ࿹Էһ֮ޣȻվסʮ׵Ӵ˳ʮ⣬ĿǱֹסˡ
˺һ˿ɫͨ۾Ȼ·޵ֻϿȥһܹȥ¡һ·ϵĿռָٴ𵴲ֹһ޴ķǴ˳
ɫһռָȥ
һͷɵǣ
ǣһֻͽ缶ķǣֻΪͬһлͲĺȥ
Ȼ˺Ҳͬʱϣ
ͦȤĿһ·ޣצŷǵͷȥ֪Ϊʲô˶ܿóǷôĵطԼͬĴͷ
䡭
·һ죬СֱصһУ屻Ȼأõֱǰźıͷʹ
òϣǳһŵù޵еԴ
ķɷǵͬʱ޴ٴ˺ٴλɽϣһ˰˷˺ɽͬʱԶȻҵɽϣɽҲһΡ
˺ŭˣٴο·޵Ŀռָ룬֮ɫء·һ˵ҲԳҲ˰ɡͷϵĿռָѾˣһ£ֻݵģʧȥ˱壬Ѿһ͸Ļ״̬ĴԳڼǰ
Ƿſ޴ģȻ㲻λ﷢չȴǸ߶׳۶ȣѷ
һԳûмڶ֣ϸĺһ˫Աȡ
ʱ˿̣עѾȫ·ϣӦ˵Ƿŵϵöռָϣ룬ٳֻأ
ƱǺǣȫ˷ˣôҶģмȸлˡ


365 ĸ
Գ󣬾ѷλ֮࣬ʵӦǶλ֮ϣǿλͬ飬ȭһλ˹ȥԳȽСٺԸѲĴ
һ˺λͷķǣһͬգܲؽ԰
һаٳ絶İǰλ޾һͣģع޴ͻȻһβ
βɽλ
СԴĴԳһˡǶλҲ١ɽХβ˦˹Ȼɽһ£ɽһ顣ѵʯľϰ졣
λҲǾþսģʱ۾ж˷ܵĹâѷĻǿ˵ɡλٶԾգͬʱȥ
ֻ⣬ԹߡһĮĵӡ
·С˵һߣĿ
ͣսλޣЩòСġĸλԼǰʮ֮ڡһڣ޴ȻڰսϣľһɼѾǧ׸߿գȴһľ춯һ쫷磡ɫ񱩵ķλ޿쭹֮ʮֵľʯҲҪн÷顣
·޳һ벻ȻŪǿһ似˫һСɷϰ졣
λ޲ڴʱͨһͬ񱩵ܻ塣

·۸ˣײþòɢ
һ󣬳ǰһƬϼһɳʯľȫһ󣬷ɳʮ⡣
λڻǽһ
Щŭˣѷɻأڰٴγſ죬һƬ޾ˮˮڿвȻһɱ֮أˮһ쫷£ݺ¡
꣡
·Щˣǿ
СɾϵĿռָһȣСʼζϡ
λͬʱ֣Գȭϣ޴ȭ缤˺׳צϵСɽܹ
һƬײ֮ò
·޺Ϊڸ鵣ġ
ͣƶˣۿֻޡ
ԳһԸңȻ󷢡ͻȻֻ˹ȥ⻮˺ҲӦ򲻹׻أ
ڰĹսλ˺֮ĵĴͬʱԼŵõͷܡ
ĲϷŹ߿׷еæתͷȡλٿ֮䣬ȥԶˡ
·ʲôʧһչ˹ȥ
ʮ޺Ȼͣһ£һͷ¡
ͬʱһɽ֮ڡ
·С롣
ɽȲλȻһ뵽棬Щת֧һλ˵ռˣת飬ԶϮˣԶϮλͬʱԸһЩӦһߵĹҲῴţλƬɽ˺ɱ¡¡ײ춯أֵľʯҲʱ졣ŰƬɽȣ˰յս
޺ɳʯ
СϵĿռָٴεһ£СҲͲסڵĳռ䣬һ£С
һʱ䣬ӻҡ
˺þãƽ˺ĳصĺ֮޶
·̽ʶޣãȵ価ԯС߽ڣӳһĻʵ⣡
λްˣܵüҡ
סλޣλ޾ʹģ޵ͷϡ
λ޴ڴ֮£á˺һߣԳ޺
·СɾȴСϸöϣ³һ࣬һֱͣľ޴۾˫ˮĸзţֹסˮϵ£ͬһСϪ
·Сɾˡ
ĸϣ
ôܣ
·Ͼ׹͵ͺһ˵ɱ޾ε壬ֶˡȸߵĵ巢˵ơѾڵĴȻ˵ſǣȥϣʦ
Ȼ۾һϵֿչ壬⿪˶λ޵ӴͷС˼Сн⿪ϵķɵСߣСһ򣬻Ľһ
СһĿˮ֮С˷ܣ벻СȻҵ裬ôˡ
λ޸ɫȥֻһͷͬǽһ¡·˵Լˣǻɡ˵žеĿռָ
λ޵Ȼ֪ٴȥҲһĽԷҲˡ޺޵Ķһۣâһص·ȥ
λޣʱ·ߣһٹ۲죬ȻŴľ
·ǰڰ⣬һֱȡ·ޣ·޺һһƬɽ纣ĵ⣬Ȼڰϣ似⾳Ȼͨһײ֮£˲仯ȥ
壬ʵ˭ô˵ĵ
·ЦȥʦɣٶʣҾ㣡
仰ΪȻɲΪԼĶ֣˵·ޣ
·޵ͷСæʣȻ֪ˣȥ۰ɣд·󲻵õġ
ͷ˵ôλϵϰɣҴȥˣ
·Ҳһ絽ϣ棬ݼϡСҲ·ߣСһȳϰ졣۾뿪еŶĴϿСʱĵططȥ
·СɳСɽķɵһǰһڴͣںС׷·ڴṳ̂붴У޾Ѿˮ㽫Χˣ·۾һʪڶڴؿͷȥеʦ·
һᣬи˳º͵˵ɣˣϢͣġ·ǲϣǺ֮֮ʱ޻ɡͷȣһʱ䵹ǧֻ˵
·ȥ붴һƬۿɼߣҷУֲ׳Ҫﵽ˼ĶγɵӰ졣
ʦϢѾ޼֮·̾Ϊֹӿ˽Ų
Сԥ£Ǹ󣬼ʮ붴


366 
ĸӣڶڣݵѲŶڡ·Сɣ붴
붴ףһЩĶڣ·һۿһλʮģĺӣȫɵڶ֮Уһ£üۣ˴òڼ޹⣬һӨʹλͨĺϷ俪ܣӲݣۿɼٶȷ賤ͬһɫ̵ּϣº͵Ŀ·޽ϢȻûܵʲôӰ졣
·ףﵽľ磬Ѿ˼ǿķϣ۾˽֣Ҳֳܷһַɶ
Ѿãһμϣۣ·ްٸнڰ£ͷȥͷʱȴһʹһУ̲վ
ϣºһЦ۾ٴγϢ֮С
·޾ϣܵޱߵϢ֮ڶͷԸӡ֪ѵãҲ뵽Ϣ֮ڡ
һ˹ڸϢǣй泩ٶȸǸһࡣ
Сһվţ֮ǰүүɽǣٴүүԴλɽ˵ǰٰǻᵽԸѪůתۼšɽ֮а£Ҳ֪ǲ£ˣĿСʹ
һСᣬԵһߣ˯ȥˡ
ֱһһҹ֮󣬷賤ֲѾ˶ڣҲֲָﳤ
·ſ۾ֻеȫµһ°빦
һۣͿǰԶϣЦеĿ
ˣºʵ
·޼æǰ񣬱־ܾ˵ùľͺáתͷ˿Ǳ߾ȻûѹԯСɣ˵ԯҵģ
·޵ͷ˵ǵģֽСɣԯСɡ
˵Сſ۾Խݵϣûʲôɣ˿·ϣףȻʵүүأ
·һ㶣û˵С漴׹Ļ˯ǰһУ۾һʹŵ۾ٴᡣ
ϣ̾ϢͨѾλ̫аۣ˵ʵȥҲһĶ֣̫ǿˣͬʱֳʮʵֲ̫ˡûˣƾүүǵʵҲǸߣҲ˵ġ
·ͷһݣȻۿаۺ˵ãһֱϣڣʤû뵽ϣҲǶ֡
һʱԡ·԰ο˺һСɲֹסᡣ
˻ᣬ·޲Ǹʲôطϣ˵ǽ½Ǿ½Դص½żһŴϷͨû뵽Դصһ࣬һ˾סŷ֣ߣȴҪԴصһʽꡣķԼʣƷΪǽӴˣҲܹأҲ֪ԭ죬ˣԴɽΪߵ֮ȴǸްˡ˵ţЩį
·޸ͷԭ֮ǰʦ˵ۻֻǸʼľֻǸʼһ;ǰ·֪Ǿͷ
ԯСҪһߺȻ˵ܲȻؼȥǸħ˵
˵⻰ʱ۾ȫǿ
ϣ̾Ҳʮܣڻȥȥүүѻֻˣ
С˵ʮСһףˣˮٴ¡
˳˶һĸӣڶھ䣬Ǵϲסͷ쵽ϣ׻࣬ϣһһĿˮ
СصСߣҲײģϣһۼСһ֮£׹Եݵ벻궪һöȻһֻɰܵСӣСܹ绽꣬Ϊհ
ˣһСһͬϣһУ
ʦҪȥ·Ϸʡ
ϣ˵ɣɣӽԺҵĵӣ
·޴ϲСɣСȴĬĬԣºصӡ·޾ϣ׵ĸϣ׿ЦȻǱŵˣ޳ŵħŴ۲ϣһֱɸԱҲҴˣʱûжʦֵܣ޳ŵһ׸ɽ£һսдңӳˣ޷ܴѹֻøǱԡһ£øа۸ˣӣ֮꣬һҪ˴󺦡
СһҧСͷ·޸Ӧ
˰ʱѾǰ֮ңۿξһƬȻһޱߺ󣬺һƬʯɽɽϾڵأһƽ̨ϣὨһƬء
ںߵһɽϿգȥ
ûɽǰϣһһǰһһȥ
ǻɽŴȣҪǿ򱶣סɲ롣ϣ˵
һͷһСƽ̨ǰ˵ʦˣ
ϣЦˣǵʦܡַ
ȴ뿪۾СɿͰ͵ǰСһЦ˵ãĶӵȻҪ㣬Ҫġ
ͷ˵ллʦֻ֣Щ£Ժǲǻȥȫ˼
Сɵͷл


367 
ͻȻͬţʮָˣһλǸʦã͸ˡǰ
Ҳˣһʮ꣬ҹһҲͶʮ¡Ǯ塣òһᣬҲϤˡ
ҹǴʦ֣·޶˵ɵǼᡣ·Сɾµӡ
ϣеλ˵ãͽҲˮǴߡ
·Сǰ޹
·ҪһңչزѾȫϢϣֽ񹦸˺õĹ似ҪˣֻҪʵ似ҲǷͬСɵġ
ʦţڸˡ·޳ЩС͵ʯǰķʳ⣬ʯжɹת۾ȥˣʶ·޵ļûС
죬ԯСȻ·ޱչصʯ֮ǰʯҼӲûˣ·޼ûгˣǰϵʳﻹʮǰǶģȻãܵӲǰʳɽ
ߵ·ɽ䴦Сɺ棬˹ȥһۿǮҹλʦ֣࣬ҪȥȰ⣬ǮеҲԼˣСʦòŶʮɣ㿴ȥʮ࣬ʵѾʮˣ⣬ҪҪ
Сɼæֹ
ҹ̺࣬еʦܣ֪˼޷ռΪУңŮжǣҪƯĶУʦ־ͲˣֻСɶҺá
ޣСɶ˭ãҾͲҾͿǸǿҪˣʦֳȫ
ҹޣ˵˻·ʦأͬСʦһġ
Ǯһ˵ʦֻ֣Ҫ㲻ͬһǸôһȭˣֻʦ㣬СҲˣֲʤ㿴ԼٿңֻҪǸɵӣӦܿҰɣͣʦֲռƣԼ˳ɡ
ҹЦ˵ʦܣҽ񹦣֮дһ£Ρ
ãǮӦС
޺ɽ
С˰Σ̾˿
ãϣλʦֶڣ飬Ҳ֪ڱչСҹ˵ʦɵĴȣϵ˼ܲܽһְҲֻǼͬţʦܳذɡ
ϣҡҡͷ˵Լ˾ܸ
ǮӵܣЩĿˣʦһƫ̹ʦܣЩߣ˵ʦԼҲ̣Ϊ˭ʦ֮ţҲ֪жҪʹʦܽ⿪һģͲг𣡡
ҹҲ˵ǰʦҾʦܵʽⰡ᲻ƫа·ȥ˵ɴȣѾˣһٲҪˡ
ϣЦЦ˵Щԣǻǵ˵ɣǺǣСܰԼ꣬ҲӦóˡ
ӣɽıƽ̨ȥ
ڽ½һɣ˲¼ˣȻڣȴмλ֣ϣֻڰ֮ڣǿߣϳһְҪͬһλۣΨһһϿλ
Ѿ˽ӣϣŽȻһ·ϳ죬ǸﳤȻοҲֻӰˡ
һƽ̨ϣѾ߰˰ˡ˾ȻȫûаҡһεĴȣٽǰ񡣴̨ϣĴΪĸˡ
ϣ״λӽƺǰӵۡ˻һͷһͬ롣ﲻĴӣһλʮĻʿһֻм˵ĶԷӪúЦסЦ
ҹЦŭЦʲô
λ˵ˣλʦܻûô
ԭ·һɣͱչزȻû˭ٲȻڵһȤ£ʦֵ۵һûбĻ⣬ȻȻ˵Ц˴ҵһ⣬ڶʲôʱأغһΪ
ʱǽٵĴʦ£̴Ȥͬһͬ߿
ҹͶ·һվ꣬еƣ˵ôȡЦŭգ˵·ʦ񹦣Ļô׳ء
һ񹦵֣ٵһ㶣漴˵ûɣ񹦣ǲǶˡ
ЦϣﲻڳЦ̫СλСӶҲǼѿ
˵֪֪һм񹦣µܿöģҲ˵ˣҲͼλгֺŵģλǰĴʦ˵ҲǲſžСɶ㲻ϣѾͬ޵У˵СʦѾ´˰ɣ
ﲻڵҲ̿סЦ
ҹ˲ʱɫࡣǮһ˵㵱ʦֻһλͽʦڣ㹻һ
ٺһ˵СֵܣǾ̨ϼ°ɣû㣬ǵʦܣѾ˵һطҲ֪ǲܴù¡
Ǯһһط񣬾˵ԷѾ˵۾ٳ˵һط񣬾ռסǰʮλӣԼҹʦֲþͶˡ
ʦϣҲЩԾͷһλ˴еʦܣ־ﲻյĵӣԭסׯıң϶յӣһҲͱ֤ڶǿУһ
ϲгһλһطޡϣ׶ﲻ˵
ﲻһЦ̬֮Ρ˵ϣϵܣҲЩ˵ʵ֮ͬλҲûףֵĻĿҪЩɺ˵ƫƫӵˮ׼һ˼ϣϵܣ֮λҲֻҵˣ˭ڽͽֻλͽһϣҲûа취ˡ
ﲻˣϾֳɫԼʦܽϣӵȻˮǴߣһ
ϣ׵һЦ˵ûϵְ֮ʦ־ǡ
λӣǰ̨ȥ


368 
ϣһλ˰ΰۣĻὫһССĳְ֮ס֮£ҪǽŴɶ֮׷ˡλ˵õգһ뿴伫ľͷʲô˵һְ֮֮֮λֻҪ׷аҲ޷˵ķġ
λΰޣ
ﲻһӣ̨ϣҲں档
Ƕ˵Ƿúõλϣ׿ȥ̨һѵΣţǵĴʮŴΣʮλ֮λһλ˳ҲаǿߣҪͬ׷λӡֻǿλѾˣﲻλӵһϣȻΪȴǰߵģְ֮ҲֻǶ֮ѡ
ʵ֮λʱϣѾСʤλﲻ⻹ֵ״̬֮¡ڸ۾֮ȻλѾˣϣ׵ġ
뷨ϣ޼ߣĸ֣еȻдãЩӣܲ˷Сġ֮£ԸԼֽ̳ĵӣﲻ߲㡣Բ˫ΪʦĹ
ʾʵϾ͵ȷﲻλӡ
ϣ׵Ȼףղˡ
ˣµĻص棬ɾŴǡͬʱĻɵųϣǶǰһ͵ɽϣǰˣһͬ񣬳ξΪ׳ۡ
ǸȥֻʮˣòʣһƮݵĺ롣һӡ˫۸Ϊɲ⡣
һµľһȵĴȣʽʼ
̳ʮλ֮ˣСһվһֵĵͼʿĴȿʼ
ͬභûǲɿÿһǰʮдƽʱŵĴ͡似ҩġ
˳ȫȻಫżҲõѪ⣬˵ءһߵҽʦǰʩΡ
һ죬ʱ֣ӭⳡȵͷϷҲⳡ߼Ķսϣ׵һﲻ֮Ķȡ
һֱſⳡԾ˽ҲЩעֵġ϶ﲻһСԭܼ򵥡˶࣬ӣΪﵽ˷һصľ磬ѾΪصĶ󣬽ҪɵʮڵˣʮλɶֺͽǸռꡣλѾ˷֮λǿҲֻһ֮ң
־һֱ΢ͷȺ档һֱѹͷļ죬ҪδûᣬһٳΪʮ֮УĿģϣ׵ӵһսûϣôһϳ¶Է
µǰ˵ŹͣǣλӣڽбδȵһﲻϣĵӶս֮սԵӵΪΪ߳ϵѡϵĽǱȡģ֮ǰսλǿѷֳʤ˾ٴȥ˺ǵĵӽ˭Ӯ˾˭Ľ̵зΪϵʸ񣬺ˣϻ˵ϣĵ˭һս
µĿϣףϣһЦλֵܣ˭ͬʦдһ£
ҹǰһ˵ʦǳʦ֣
ϣ׵ͷ
µľֿﲻһһЦվҹǰ
ֽ̡˵ţ˫һǿǰϢأҲҪ°빦ͻ߾ͱȽһЩ
ǿʶ£Ȼһܵǰףӹ׾ǰâ˸
ܵԷǿѹҹأȻĲ
ǻܣԷĹһƴһһȡ浶ͬǰҪ֮ܿ£׵ĵȼš
ɣҹ˵
˵ܱһڵǿĿԡ
ۣҲܱ̾Ϣ
̨֮һʮˣһֱţʱ˿ֳ̿΢΢̧ۣ˵ܵ˸ҲûпٵļĶ֣Ŀۡ
һλʮڵһλϵһλС˵ʦ㣬˵˭Ӯ
λﲻмһˣ˵Ҳ򲻵ԼӮʲôá
ʮ˺Ǻ֪С̧ͷĿдеһһĿһ˶Էһŵս⡣
Ǹ˭ߵλøߴӢˡ
Ŷѽһеﲻĵӣ־СѾ˷һ֮УҿСʮҪˡ
ͷ˵ﵽ˷һأСʮ϶ҪøˣһأϵգҲÿе˭սˣ˼ҪսҰǺǣ˼СӺ
Цһλϵ꣬ձ
һֻȻӳǰܵ˵һ˳ȥâһӿһ֮ⶼܸܵѹ
䣬ƿռ䣬һûܣٶߵġ
ҹԸһֱʱ˳벽ܿŻ浶Ľ˹ȥ
޶໨ڣ˶ûгȫһֻ̽Էʵ
䣬ӣڿռײȥһ


369 һԶ
λʦֵĶսȫ
һ󣬼ҹ浶йȥƽϣһͬһƽϻһӣÿ졣
ٵһ˵һһƬӰǰȻһƬǽ˫ֻǰͣżҹӭ˹ȥ
ɽ֮ײһ¡¡һ֮ⶼǻ뵶Ӱ
ɵĴӣ˳֮⣬ɫ֣ءһ˼ȫƾСһͬʱ˴ˡ⽫˵ӰڱˣֻӰӺ޾ڲҡ
һӴսֱ˽һʱ˵ĺֹͣסˡ
˸С˭Ҳû˭ǿ϶٣̨Ͼλһ飬˾Ϊ;֣ƽˡ
λӻص˴ȥʱ͵ȴһʱ̵־߳˴ԣһ˹עҲʮӣͨüĿһЩ֫޳ƽߵСʱ˿̣ԭеļޣѾǰ˵Ķս֧˼ճһƬ﷽ԲĿյڳм䣬ȥЩּįӡ
һصĸְѾܼǰʮǰ֮ˡ˵
һñˣǮ嶥Ǹ֣ǸСʦͻôҲ˵갡Ҳʱ䣬ѡ
ϣڰܸˡ
һʱͷԷȣѺϣӮأϧҵӡ
СǮһۣСɾҪսǮסˡ
ȥɣ氵˵
СһЦȻ˵ʦ֣뵽һ£һʦ䶨ˣҹȥϼУˣȻʦٽһ֣һʵӦûӮģʱ򣬾һƽһʤһǸƽ֣Ҳʦ档
˵С̧ۿ˿Զ̨ϵʦ˵صıԣܲԶ̨ҲԶЩв
Ǯ屾ǲսλ̬־һ˵Ҳ͵ͷӦСһ·˳ȥ
ʱɫѾȫɽˡ䳡ƻŵ䳡УֻһһŮˡ
־Ų߽ɫ졣ͬŮӱԣӮҲ۹̨ϣʮλ꣬ɵе֡Ŀսеһλ
ʱ䲻ˣСɲֳһݿߣ͵ȵߣȣĲһ㡣ǾϵĲͬΡ붯֣û뵽һλսⲻǶ
ŭЦ־˴ϣ׵ΨһûгǮ޷壬еǵ뷨ȻеǮʦܣʱ䲻ˣһͬΡԽϼ
ϵʱһ̨ϣŴϾһ־ߵһĿ񰡣һԶⳡԡﲻȴֵɫΪԼλֶ
ϣĬĬţɫ
ǮôҲû뵽־ֵزȻҪһԶⲻǶԼԼٲãҲϣ׵ĵӣѲҪͬʦüһԷһս˿ʦϣҲЩŭɫֻǱ滹
ԼһֱڸޣԵӵĽ̻ҪһЩСӾȻҪһԶǳ͡
Ǯŭʲô˼ΪⳡǶϷӮҪζۣ
־һЦ˵ȥģ㲻𣬲һҲʡʱ䣬սһʦ֡
һһƬ
ֱСǲǿûˣǰĸְֱеĵˣѾˣѵ˵Ѿλصĸô
ߣǷӣҪսλʦ֡
ӲСƽʱͲԲģǸ˵õĸְ
Ǻǣˣϣ澡ʧ˼һλҪ˭ϣ˭ܵˡֿˣ
ǰ־̫ˡ
ϣûиôѾģû˰
аһλˣ֣·

£
۷׷ס
ϣ׻һ۵ﲻµѯδ
ﲻЦ־дΪҲð
µĿ˿ϣףϣ׺һ˵ǣ
µĴӦһȥ
ãȻλǿ߶Ӧ־ǮӹɣµĴ˻һϾһ
Ǯ߳˴ԣʦöվ־ǰ
־ܡ˵һ죬һķܱǰȻǿʯ
С
ͬ˷֮ȵԸӡֲ˿ԭȻʯıڰյһ鳤ףף׵Ȼ͸Ŀ͸ź⣬Ѫı֡ÿҪһָϵѪҺߵϵȡ
̨֮ϣڶǰĸɳߣ׷׾̾̾ѣ˵ɲһɣ˲ű
ǫһЦﲻ΢΢ͷ棬ĺˡ
ﲻüˡ
ٿλŵӣͬһλһ˵Ľϲ
ʯеǮʱŸеһ˿ɬһôһҪˣͬǰ̧ͷʦҲ޷ԷһһĿѾռ˴롣
ɣ
һܣһ׳ܵǰ壬Ǯ壬ָһ£ǰ׵Ŀռ䣬Է
ͬʱԯСҲѾóԼԯ٣ԶļڶԷʯǰȴЩ̡߳һ̳ٽ
ϣһʱ䵶뽣ÿռŤʹ
־ЦˣһЦӡһ㣬ʯȻ¡


370 
ʯ֮ء
ڼ׸߿գѾɽ΢Сɴʧɫ𣬳ʽһĴʯǮɫ䣬ǿһеؽ似ͷųȥ
һ󼸺ϵļ󣬺¡¡ĵʯһʯ˻ȥ
ʱСѾ̳һٶལ첲ʹǮܵҲɻǰڶֻ˼˵öˣҲˡ
־߹һһӣʯһâ˸һޱȳص˹ȥ
ʯֳһЩѹ֮ǰһɡ
ʦֻٴƴһԶܲüңѹ˺̡
Ľ֮ܵĺʯٴηɻء
ﾲͬŸӦѹһʱ俴ôˡ
ϣ׻ͷһλﲻ֮ǰﲻЩĵ֮ɫȴȫȻķһߵսʯǰֻмܵķݡ
ϣ׺Ȼ˵ﳤϣͽлɣǡ
ﲻһЦ˵ϣ˵ЦˣڲŸոУʲôСǼȻøˣȥɣʲôġ
ϣɫһﲻٲԼ̨ϵڳϣʯƷͷ㣬ûһ뵽սѾòŴȥˣ뿴ʯдʽϣǲ졣
ﲻ˵ʯֻͼĴ򷨣似ûùأڳ뿴ʯЩ似ɣ
ϣŭɫҲ˵ʲô
ԯСһ̳
һ߽죡
ܿʯֱӴ־λȻȥס
ҹҲһ࣬ܵɽ纣ȴǴϵõһе⡣
ֻ䡣
־һڵأİеʯһΪһһߵܵһֻһԯ١ڵأ˫Է֣Цư֮ء
ط
̨ϣվȫѻȸ
΢ЦͷλӲصúнĳɾͣһ£ȴһֱڲŷǾӡ
ﲻۿϣһۣͷӵĵ⣬ȴûʲôڵȴȻˬ𾪵һ
ڵ־ѾһΪſͬƾնλͬһĸһ㣬ǿķһʯϮͬսˣѾŵ֮⣬Χڵӷ׷׺ˡ
Сɳһʯ֮أһϣԯٴСɱһʹɴ˿Ʈһ£˳һ⣬һʮײ׷ʯϣֱ˵⣬ʯء
ãʦ簡һ˴˭ҸŵδС
Сͷһǿӣһ뵽һʱʦ裬һŭУԯͻȻʧˡ
һ⣬ֱأһ꽣ڳУȻĻΪһݵĽＸʮף׶񣬴һţ⣬־ɹȥСɴչȫս⡣
սȫˡ
һǮ壬ҲѾڶ֮⣬ɱءеֱХһ㣬֮䣬գۼ
־üͷһ壬ܴôãѾԤ㡣ЩΪԻ˫һϣʯٿ֮䣬صߡ˫ĿȻɴˣǿķ֮һѾ󳬹Ƕ˵ܺ͡˫һһ͵һ֡ʯͷϣٵת似һ˵似ͳϡ
ʯɣ
ʯٶתУҲţתӳϵ춯ء
һ£ʯٴηɳѾߵһ࣡¡¡Ĵſ죬еǱ㣬ȼʯȻˣɽζҡ
ϣ׺վ
似ԳλӵЩˡ
ס֣ǿˣе
̨ೡ֣׷Ѿȥʯ似
ѹѾԸӣСһңգ۵ʱ䶼ģʯѾȻѹ
һеݷ΢죬ԭغȻĻȥ˳һѻ긽ؽʯײȥ
꽣һ֣ȫȻ
һŮӣΪѾͬǸ̾ѡֻĻ꽣ٵȴǸΪʯԷǿƥĶѽ
ײͬʱһǮ壬˫Ŀѣ·˲ɢգȫ죬ȴУ
ײͬʱ𵴲ĵ棬ͬһ£¡¡ɳֱ𣬼֮⣬˲Ŀӡ
þòɢǶɴ۾ųϣųɢ
ڱϵһţʮλֺ֣ܲĴѾֳ
Щѿ˵ЩˣﲻĵӲ׵似ȻʤˣŪ˹λҲɵĴʧǸŮӺܵ츳
ﲻͷӦˣһϼӽ̵ٲᷢˡ
ϣһԭزһ̳ڳ֮С
ڳɢǰĳЩھĶǡ
ȫѣʯһƬǽ塣֮⣬СڵϣʯͬʱʧˡѪֽ١
һߵǮӵȫڣƤ˵ж˿ͬʱѪѾԲѡ
ϣ׳Сߣһָֻ壬ˮϵ
һߵģﲻһܵǮߣʩҽΡ
̨һʱЩҡʱ־ȴ۶Ŀ̨֮࣬ĵڶ֣Ҫһˣû֮ǰˡ
С۵һѪСһֻ֣ȻڵһһСȻĿռָ˳ΧתһȦȻ⣬ͷһźɽĳȥ
֮ڣľѾе·ޣЩ̧ͷѵ˶ͷôվٲ˳ǹ졭
Ȼ۾һмķһֻСС֮ﰡô˻
·һ
С·һ۾ͿĿ⾪šͷѾ֮·޺Ȼʶȥ꼫ΰʶͬΰɸǹȥӿռ
СѾ˵ĶҪˡ
˭
һХȺɽ졣
̨֮ϣ𾪵Ȼվľطһ꼫ʶ֮ϣһ˿Σյźţδеģͷɫޱ䣬ߵļλϣҲѾҲסˣݿӹʶǵĶͷĻӦ𶯣
һХ֤ʵһ㣡
֣ХһڶͷϣһλŻӵ꣬δ·Ҫɱ䣡


371 
ϣϵ£С뾭ϻָСûйķŭüٸϣŭա
ԯСԴ˶Ѿϣһݶүү˵˼ײʹϣѰһһľǿԸиŮһ㣬չۡ
޶Ůϣ׵һγŮߵôѾͬ
ʱ˿̼һʹ࣬۲ɱְ֮νģ֮ʹ޷ܡ
عͷϣ׿λص־ɱѾչ
ԯСſϣ׸æһϾ𵤣У£ֽȫ²
һǮҲѾͬΪҽʦﲻҲҩͬʱҽֲ壬Ϊ
˶֮ݣڵص־̨Ȼ˵ˣӶսʦ֣֪׼񡣡
̨ʮ˱˴ѾȫȻ˶֮ġֻһ似ͽλڵطĸ֣Ҳɵġ
ڵλϵվ
ûп˵һХѾȺɽ죬һС֮ϣڰ֮С
·һ۾ͿСɣȻʦϣ鸡ڶɢȥ
һ£·һСߡδͷѾòӣ˫۸ӵɲ⡣
ССЩϣϵ·ò·æԼĻҲӸϣСۿһۣٿһ
ϴɱǿ˵
ͷһۣ·޵ͷһʦϣףϣ˵ͷǸֺ־бһۡ
·޾վųλ־˹ȥ
ֵǣϣСɣû˻Ϊ·пܴ򲻹λط־·뵱Ȼͬ޵еģطҲͬ·һײô
·޵߶ɽ΢Ρ̨˶λҰ˵Сӡ
ף·վסˣ˫ĿŶԷĿû¶ȡ
־ЦˣǵĻʾ̲סЦ⣬Ȼ˵㲻Ǹչص·ʦܰɡѵÿ㰡ôͻȻˡ
·ܣ˵ǸŮҵӣ㲻öһŮص֡
ܲѾһ֮⣬ɢš
־ȻЦţ˵ޣǺǣ㲻һͬҶְɣҵȸһǷôõʲôܣôĵط̶ֳҲˡ
·ĿƽܲѾﵽ֮⣬š
Ѿ̨ȻֹԼùȥˡ
־Ҳһ㶣ȻмǿطӵϣҲѾڶ֮⡣еʯ֮ǰһǰͷϣͬһСɽ¡ӨȻĹâݳ
֣·޵ܲѾŵܸ֪ľˡ·޺꼫ΰ֮ܲƽ̨ܲ£٣ѹɽһ㣬˲ò࿹
׷׺ˡ˵˵ʿѾɫ
·ʵ˵ôģҶҵӣ֪֪ڵĻᶼûеġ˶ѾˣҾһ㣬Լֲң
ˡ
ֶˣ׾ĵ壬޷ӵķУоǹߵʣԷʯߵǰҲ΢΢壬׳Ƴ
ɱ޾ʵһΪģҵͷɱ£תĿһ֮⣬ʵһ㣬תƬ֮أȫƿ֮С˵ûкڵĻˡ
̧Ͼ٣޾޷ܣȻĵһ˹ǹһС
־׹ԼˣԷǸõܣѾ˼֮Ǹ֪ľ磡ɫ΢䣬صܵ˼ܴǣʯӵ͸
λ֮ǰһֱæ˵ﲻȻ˵СѣֻЩд裬ɣ
·еȴһ֮ȥ
һʽߣһɽϵĵɽƽ̨ϻ߹ȥ
̨֮ϣǺȻͷ̾ӣõľȻܰ־ĻӦӣ
̨ʮֱӣһ䣬𾪵Ըӡ
̨ϵľλϣһڹɳߣһͬվǶ޵Ĳֿ֣·ѹվڴ˵֮ǰҲǶܷâ
̫ǿˣռŤòӣһ֮ǰȻһƬһյشѹѹ֮⣡
ˡؼ䣬ֻһ̬֮ݵ߹ȥ
־ɫʱ̣Եλ֮Աǵߣλΰ伫ʿհС쳣̧ʯƴһӡ˫Ŀ죬·˲ѿ״ϰ졭
ĺãжٲᰡ


372 ɽ
ߣɽ
ƬУѾž
䣡
ϵĵʯϣеʯ£˲֮˵Ļҷ谭
䣡䣡䣡
ɽڶµ־ɫͷٴ֧һʯʦүﲻһ֧֧֮ܵ¡
廹ڼĵϣȻǮ屳ϡһֳ֧񣬳ֵ·һ
·Ŀ䣬ɣһ𣬵ڶѾǵأһ֮ǰǮùĵڶɽɽ·ѾĺХ
䣡
ʯ·ǰˮ㷭ʣ
־һ˫ʯݽҧ˫һգط֮ΰϽȥͷѾöԷʩڵϿ־ռˡʱ˿̣˶Է˵Ǿ仰ڶûлᣡģˣ꣬һ꣬һʵＫطһ￪еˣڵλߡ
ߣܴ־ǾΰģǷģ
䡭
־ѹ£УѪҺ˳ѿĸ첲ϵѪѾ֧֮ﲻȫڶϱ壬λطܵߣѾȫ
ܵ壬黯ķ֧£·޵ĵ֮£ͽ֧ѹ
һڵĿɿڴ
·ްδ֮ˣһոձЦߣȴҪǵʦǿʦһͬſסԷһ֮֮ûУûܽܵʵ̫ˣһλ꣬ﵽʲô簡ܴﵽž˵ͨ
ͬһ˼ĻͬšһˣѾڼ֮⣬˳˴䳡
·յȻٴλӳĿ㣬Ŀûһ˿顣
̨֮ϣλټϺĲǿƥҪ
ǰ˰ֳ֣һ˿ԥ
úһߵϣһֻǸԯСϣɫһֻҪһλ·޾ͲٴȥûУֻһĮĵӣȻĿСŮӡ
ͷһ䣬֪ʱ˿һľλһֱز¶ޣǸֳʯĽ־ĵˡ˭ڳֹһ춯صĴսϣһֱû̧ͷ۾û·￴꼫ܲŸסɽһֱȥġֻҪ˶ĵӲ᲻ϧֵģһӣѾ춯أ֮ǰֵʵҪۿ۵ģԭһֱԼΪ˲˵ãﲻõĴڰΪҲԼ֮¡һΪԼ뷨ˣطʿҲżλϷطǻǴߵȼ֮ϵġ
ֻ˶Ŀǰõһλ־ɽѪأһٻ֣λҲȻ׹Ŀأصλȥ
¡¡
£߾ʯ־񲱾Ȼ׹СҪĥԼԼһ¾ĸܣÿһµȫĵ׵Ŀ־棬޵ҴˣˣŹҰɣҲˣ
䣡
ĵ
𵶣
·ûúڹ⣬ֱ˵𵶣Ϊ𵶵ĵ⣬˵ĸоǻصľһȫ˫һһ¡¡ʮȥ˵һǺӣһͬҫĿ⻪ҹɫգȻʣȺǵĹâ磡
һȫ·һ֮ϣ¡¡ˮڣɳʯͨӿ֮ߣռŤϢ޾ֻŵ£ȻһƬڰһѵǹһС
һнˣ
ɽɽ壬һ䳡жϿ
ʮ׵Ĵ϶ǰĵ棬ڣ˴淭϶жѾ޴Ӷ֪ˡ
·߻صСߡ
λһ־Ѿ˷ɻҡطλﲻײɳĵɫѪĵӾ״м˱˹ȥ
ϣ׻ûתͷȻСĵСŮӵ塣·޻תҲûлͷȥ
еļ˰ϵ΢ȴ¶ţ
ϣ׵ĵӣ
ʱ˿ȥˣҲһ޺£Ĵˣ伫֮ΰޣ㹻ţơ
һ׷Ѱ״̬ȻԼһƺڵλһ㡣λȻ³ɾͻԼһ룬ż갡ԼҲﲻôߵľ簡
С·˵㱳ɣһм仰Ȼһͬ뿪
·޵ͷַСɣϡСȻǰҡͷβʱܵŶֻצѾͷϣ˫𣬹۲ı仯
ϣ׻ƽ̨֮ϵһɸˣǣλϣȭʩһ˵ŴˣλϣϣڸˣɸλضɵŨ֮£ϣ׹˰мĻͲ˵ˣϣ׵СӣɽɱˣһйȻҲϣ֮ϣҲйЩ΢ͣʦͽɽɵлϣҲ
Ƭ̣˵С֮ɽ־йȣǲطϣСͽţҶɵίԼߴġ°ɣɾġ
һ̣úϣʦͽһߣȻ£λʦͽﶼеĴ䵽֮УΪɵĶһ棬һ̣סѵõ˲ţŶд
ϣ׳£˿ǱߣڵӲŷﲻһ񶾵Ļš
ǹ׶㰵ѷ
ͷͷ
ߣ
ϣٴ񣬳˵Сͽ֮ͬˣ޷˷뿪ɡ
üͷһ壬Ȼ˵ҲãȥķɽеһصأɸֲҩҩĲأСͽȵڽ֮£ȵͬųǹͬó˵١㿴ΡҺ뽫صأܣҲɺ֮ǡ
ϣһ㶣ͻȻΪǵ̾ѡ˵ɶϣ׵ΡصأɴıҩԴءѾ˵Ҫ뿪֮˿ܣ͵˵ǻģᰵбĿģ֮С
ڶ࣬ҲǸӣο޳ŵ˿ţһȥ˵ʵϣΣһЩȻ·޶ˣ˵Ǻ£ҲСΪãɽɽġط֮ϻ񼶸֡
ϣ΢һԥ˵ϣ׸л˵ĺʹλӸϸɽ
һЦһŷ£ͷ˵ȥɣһλҩޣǹȥ
֮˵Ը䣬ȥһᣬܵϣߣ˵ɲǲλǿߴ·
ϣ׵ͷ˵ãٲ˵צıϣһ֣λӣǮ壬ҹҲһͬԾϡ·СһֻСϣһߵǣһͷдһˣȥ
ǿ£ӰӣһʧҹС
ͷֳ΢һ˼ľĺͶע⡣
ʱϿŹһˣе˰־йﲻ
ߣǰһƽľ˵ﲻﳤϣɣӽʮ֮һһеôˣֻ˵ϢɡλȫȾ͵ɣɢˣ˵һӣλطĴʿɽסˡ
һӹɽ£һˡֻǵ߼Ĵ֣ϵӿŵصϢһ˼ǧĴ䳡ˡҲ½һΪʡҲǺˡɽϣҹ֪мܹ˯Ǹ˵ŵĻ⡣
һޣôأ
˶ʡ


373 
ɽǰ
һ֮أϢûɽˮСطԲҲʮɼûɽ档
ԶԶɽˮɣʲô
λҩ֮ǰƸ֧Ŵ˹ȥ
ٿعâһһûУһᣬǰȻһֳ֣һͨʯ·棬һֱͨСɽ
ҩȣϣ״żλʰϡ
ϣ·ޣʼշԯСɡСѾˣС˼·ޱϲϸϸζϴŨҵϢ
ҹǮ
ɽһսһֱŵĶʦ֮ܵģȻ޴档·޺꼫˶ˡλչزʦ̫ڱ̬ˣһɽÿÿ𣬶˶øɽֹλСʦ֮ϣˡʼޣһʱҲ塣
СС˵ͷҪ·ޱϣʽķ̬öλλʦþôʦӵ
һ󣬴Ŀһž޴ʯһʮ׸ߣɽŴγɴ
ɽ滨ݣһɹµҩ㣬·ֻؿ࣬һɾҩɽϣͨ嶼ˬĸоʶųķϢԮԮϣȻıࡣ
ɽԶɽһǰӭӡ
ҩ޵ϣŵʾɽµĳѾ֪ݣϣԿסɽ˻λϣ黳
Ůޡ
һˣףӣһ˿̻֮ĸо·̾ΪֹŮǵһοһȾʯ֮ϣҲ㲻մһ㡣һ£ûϣǰڰ⣬վס΢΢ȴɵһЦ
ϣô½黳ŷɽĶҩ£Ժˡ
ϣһЦΪ˵ԭǽɳϣ״ֻǿˣˡ
黳һЦҲ˵ϣɽĿһ·ޡʱ˿̵·ͬӷɽҰһ㣬ȥ·⣬Ҳûϴˡ
ɽһƬʮ䣬ȫľ¥²ס
黳Ըȥһһزɽɽɽ֮ˣԲʳ硣ʮСˣɫζˬ֮ҩţɽϵҩƶɡ
ϣλ黳λ㣬ǼҹǮ壬·ޣԯСɣмλɽеĴҩͬ
黳ùһ«һµҩ֮黳ֽϣǰıָҹƣҹæ汭С뱭·ʱϣ˵ɣܵ͸鵤ҩ
黳һЦ·ˡ
λҩ˫汭Ӿ֮ʱ۾һ̰ǽС뱭˵ãλӡ
ϣЦл˿һǧ𲻻
黳ЦҲǱƣ֮Цˡ롣˵ٱ
ϣ׺˰뱭һ¶ǣһº͵ϢһȸȪĽͨ泩
ҩСֻһСڣͱĿĻҩҹҲðʧСá
·һҹͶˣٱһٿͳԣ飬ȥˣ罫֮񿴵üᣬҲɫſػǿߣ磬Գһɴ֮
еĳ극ִҶڿһλҩޣҲϰٸˣסʵλСѣ
·ҡͷһӣ˵Ƕӱˡ
ҩ޿ϣΪۣһĺȻ֮ɫ˵ͽ˵ð
һӷˣ·޼һ룬ɲƽʳмСˣҩȻƽͣΪڼʮˣһ㶼в棬Сӵã֮Ʒ͸鵤ǷصŮ޽黳ҲҪܲҩ๥֮еģСӵ£ôܲڶҩ޳档
찲һƧСɽм®ʦͽ˾סÿһ䷿ݣСɼͬ·סһ·ҲʹӦˡ·˼ʱ߳䣬ԺУѾЩˣϦ£һƬϼ⡣ſԼ꼫ʶ˲䣬ʶɽ
ʱɽһһľĿ
ɽǰĴڣ黳ͬλʲô
黳˵ô˵ϣʦͽĳɽˣ
һ˵ŵƣȷʵֵġ˵ˣȴţܵűȥһʧԲϧð£Ϊãֻǹڷɽ۵£򲻿Ǽ˵֪غɵĸммǵġ
黳ͷ˵ǵȻ»˵ô֮أ֪ж档ÿ׼ʻǾأлصǵ֪ðϣҲˣݣ̫£УǸԷ绢Ľ·޵Сӣ˷Ĳ£һɽġ
λϳһһ˵ԭ־ֲصҩã˵ð
ʲôܣ·ĵ˵ֻһޣ黳˵
Ĭ
ϣ޾͵ڷˣûʲôǰ;дɾ͵ģȻһλޣɽص־ˣ¾̫ʿ޷ˡ
һλ˵ߣͨ뵽ۣҲˣ˭ûԿ£۰׻ֱӺģҿҵĵǶ࣬ȥȥˣ۰Ҳ˽ˣһصʿ͵͵ڣǻɢ³οֻޣ֮ܵڣΪˣ¿쵽ؿ֮ʱˣʱҪɻλӽۣ׼ʻĶɽ٣һٳΪеһ֡
ǺǣǱˣ룬Ӧûֱеļ˰ɣ˵ѩѾأССͣʮ֮ǰĻһ֮ˣĪһλ˵
黳Уͷ⿴ȥ
ʲôˣʵ
ʱһ˵ӦһŶ룬λСҲʮ߰ӣòƽƽһ̶ֻ롣
ʦβ衣˵
°ɡ黳һֱ̺ԼӵСӣ򱣶ЦݡСѾͷɽżģһֱԼߣʵݣԼչ˸΢ѾϲڵУϲһλ
򱣶̷ŵϣתȥˣŲԶ
չһ䣬Ȼվס


374 ɽ
򱣶ڹս֮ͷȻһʶһɺʶ֮ϣԷǿƥѹ罬ڵء˵Щʲôʱ˿ȴľһ㣬Զ
ǰλСŮӲðʶС˵
ɽ˳ҵʶǸ䡣
СﾫϵѹԼæŶԷʶǣ߹հ˹յһҩﾡͷ֮С
£۾Ǹ꼫˵
򱣶ڵϣ˫ۺ£һ
ӦԷĺ꼫ѹʱѹʶ̹ΪһΪĸֻ£Ա
ǸٴγʶУ˵ɣ֪Ķ˵
򱣶һ㶣ʵǰ˵ʲô
ߣǸ߹һѹؽʶڣȻһâʶ˺ˣĵһʹСֽˮˮһͬнеǰݲС룬Сֻû״˵˼
˵ʵʲô͵͵Ҳǲ˰ɣٽУмΣˣô˵͵¡
С۾һת˵ˣ֣˰ڲˡֻԼΪ̫ͣӦСĲǣ˭õʶܴﵽ˿ֲĵزʶΪѾ˺˵ˣܾãʦûз֣˵ԼʶʦĶϤԼû뵽ʶȻﵽ˵زܲٿһСеһҲΪС
򱣶۾һתѾ뵽¾ͻڲļϣȻԼͱ˷ˣų¡ɲҽг뷨һƣԼֻ·һɱڵġ
˵ɣ۵£˵֪ġǸƽ¡¡һľ
ۣţҵʦ˵𲻶ڼΣǰ֪ľ𣿡Сʵ
ߣϷ˵ɡ
򱣶С˵ǱеıءٴԪʱǶԽ룬ֱ˵ĵ빦ǰֽԪսϢע֮ڣʮһε׼ʻ֮ۿǰ˵Ԫͻӿۣʱ˿ֻ̣Ҫбŵڣ񹦵ˣֻҪ֮ԣͻὫԪΪãһ׶ɽ٣Ӷһһ
һ٣˼Ƭ̣Ȼʵʲô񣿡
򱣶˵λȥ˵ķԪսǿ룬һλ˲Ǿط֣ԪҲطڰɣһǿ󵽺ֵزǿɲһķ֮ȡġ
ǸĬˡãһʵǿ˱壬ҪôǺΣգ
򱣶˵һû񹦣ҲûȻ֪ǲǻΣա
ߣ񹦣˵Ӧֻڵڶ˲ʸް˵ķӦǿߵģǲǣ
ūΪӦǵġޱ˵ϴ׶ɽ٣˵ۣһطӶϴ½˼Ѿ޵ˡ
Ǹ˵ɾɷɽ׶ɽΪ𣿡
Сվ˵ûе£ǰҪūˣһ˵ǲСūô
ɶ֮˳ͷңҲǸͨõַĥ˵زȥζ̵Ŀֲ
ǸЦ£вʵͱҽ˵ʦ³ô
򱣶ˮ乶£ڵϣͷĻǴʦУɸ߲֪οеģ³ӿ֪
˵ʲôʱۣǸԿô£
ǣǰū澵֪֪޲ԣǰŹūһΡ
ģҲɱģɱ㣬𶯣ûкôǸ˵
ãūлǰģʮ꿪һΣÿζǽ½ʼ嵽Ｋһ棬һ֣Ƶ۶ȡ⾫ֻʱ۲ſʱһȻպϣԪԳ뼳ȡԪŻ죬ǲſġ˵Ҫ·ĳſ嵽һ죬Ͳū֪ˡԿǽصصһѿԿû߲ʮ֮ڵġ
ǸѨ𣿡˼ʵ
˵һڶû˿ֻ˲֪ġ
Կûбķ𣿡ʵ
񹦸ÿ󣬲ǸȷɽĻҪ⣬طҲû취ġС˵Щʧ
ã⣬Կ˭ģ
Сüͷһ壬΢΢ҡͷ
ԿӦۣҲ֪
˻һǸžȻʵ˼ˣô᲻֪
ޱꡣΪɽĵӣÿ˵ĻΧǹ̶ģΪ۲ţŶµģԵҲûܿһۡʦֵ˵ɽ
˵ĺ꼫ʶŵɽȻһưܲСɽȻۿҪӣʶǸطȴһڣҲ벻ȥˡ룬⻤ĵط֮ء
ȥۿطľͽȥô
򱣶ֹһǸ˵߰ɣһᵱûף
Сͷ£תܻס
Ƿ֮أ룬ٲСΣˡ


375 
ɽɽ
·޳Ӱ棬С϶ЩưܣĲݴ·룬ԭ򣬿»̫˹ע
ٲҾٲǰ״һ͸ı˺꼫ʶ棬Ȼ΢ʹ󲨹һɱ֮æջʶ̽ȥȻתͻأʧںҹ
ʱɽͷӰһֳһ˲˵󣬳𣿡
ǽ黳̽죬ɽĴڣһֻʽһλҩ޳ɸɽȴտҰʲôҲû
а꣬ۿʱ䣬ɱʲôⰡ
Ѳһȥ
·һصСݣϣ
ڴߡ·˵ллʦ
ϣһЦ˵ʶ̫꼫â罭Ǻױ˷ģ֮;ǳϦ֮ʲôʱﵽ֮ʶ뵽ʲôطûܲõˡղҽʶʶ֮ϣŲ黳£ԺһҪġ
·޵ͷӦͷڴƲ֡
ϣļͷ˵·ޣ֪㼱һ뷵Դأ񣬵֮·㼱еġڵΪǴ򲻹аۣȻܰﵽ㣬һаۻҪʤһڣ״ɹĿܲһ룬ǰĺá츳֮󣬾ƿɾΪʱݺᣬʲôаۣһСˡ
·Щʧã뵽֮ͳʶ֮С
ˣϢѾɣҲﵽһֻ֮ԽǰأͻƣϢȻϰԭɾ֮Ϣ㵽ͷˣ֮󿿵ĲʲôԼĸ
ָ˵ģԽǽԽĵã֮С
֮ط֮ϵĸ߾磬ҲУ֮ϵһ·޸ո֪һΡأʵ۵ռ֮ȻܵʽŴ֮ͬ·һֱĶꡣ
ʶúÿһǱһֱʶﻹûж񹦡
ϣɣⱾáһֱõŪһֱ֮ʮǰٴ´֮ǲŽⱾʹӦĹ·ģ˲ʱ䣬սŵķɵ֮
Ȿȥʮλֱ⣬ֻмλóϣлΪԭⱾɾʹҵģһˡ
񹦣ɬѶ쳣·޺ȻĴ򿪹ӽ𣬷ϢʼⱾ񹦡
֮Ҫ麣ǵһ˵Ǻܼ򵥵£ѾһƬ麣֮ڣظ֮䣬ֻҪһͻˮɣٶȻǾ˵ġ
ϣҪתҪȥһԯС˽Сæһ糺죬ʦҲʱЩŤϣһЦͷ˳ȥ
ϴˮպˣӰϴ谡С˵仰һŲ̫ƯС糯һˡ
·ſǺһЦ˵ãҲ̫ˣ֮
£СæǰסһƬܰ
ǣ˻ǵһΣǶʮˣСɲһ±·׽һŨҵϢӿԳﻹ·޾壬ԡңˮ֮УȻѵþ⣬롣
֪Ҳ֮ãм࿲ףҲֻ
ҵô·ЦʣȥСɵ
Сʪ͹֣ޣʹȴû
ϴ˽ôһֱ˽šС΢š
Ȼ㣬ۼҽͶһҲҪۼˣⲻ˽ûˣⲻô·˵ϺᣬСɵָСЩ
ǰ֪Ǿ͵͵Ͱ췹ˣүү֪СӶˣùǺҲû취ǲǡСЦ˵үүٿˮС
·޽Сӵ뻳һۣ˵үүѾ㽻ˣֻ˵ġ
Сɺֳ߹ǵ·ϣ
ϴ˵ʲôʱǲػԴأˡ
·޵ͷ˵һģңҲаԶϵģҪ׽
Сɵͷѳĸ·ԡ·Ϻ࣬ˮ˺þá
ϴ衣·޺ıСӣڡ
꼫ʶסСݡ
ڴϣСɣд΢һƬ·޸С뵱һ߹·ǰȥƬ촽䵽һ
һҹķ绨ѩҹһӺСҲ˴СŮŮ˵ɱ䡣
·ֻʵǻڶСɹ¿һֲ߲ûˣ·޴Ӵ֮󣬾׵ˣ˵Сҡ
ڶ죬·Сʦ˹֮ϲۿʼ֣ͽײź׹ипˣЦÿһһЦҪúమΪʦձСﰡ
Сɸ̧ͷС͸ˣҹǮ֪Сɵһ˼ʱ˿̼˾Ҳǰףأį
·޻ϲ֮࣬뵽⹫׺䣬һȢΪޣԼĵʵܳΪŹɺλСһֱŵģ֪صԴأһоֻһ˵ɡ
գ·ޱչزʼ񹦡


376 콾
񹦻ɬѶʼĵһķӵļѡ·޹Ū֮ϣ˽һµʱ䡣
ѣ֮£ͻһ㾳硣֮ٶڣ·ӵ˵һǿķͬһԼһ㣬뵽ģġֻķһ£һغ䣬ҲǸнɢȥһ㡣ֹһ֮ﵽһط֮ʱϡ
ͷ·ޣûûҹ֮Уһж֮Ժ
һ죬ɽĴ֮⣬ƽƽһֻ⣬˽黳ǽϸߵȼŻõ˵ĴѶ֮˵λϼ
黳һҩ޽˳ȥһ˸ճɽţӭʽλɽϲ⡣
ǡ
ˣصʿһǰ档еλϣˣգ޿յˣʮޣģλֱǰ֮еѩƣ컢·һʮˣ쵱
黳ǰǰڰ֣ЦܺðúתҲ꣬ûеˣɽ֣ҵ˵ɣͷ
黳˿ޣһ죬ֳ
ǫѷ䣬һлǰʱѶϣҲæǰˡ֣һͬסϣֻͬһ𣬵ӣʾء
һѣתͷһҩǣڵǰмҹǮˣΨûпǸһ춯ص·ޣʵϣλõͽأ·޵ģ
ϣЦСͽ»飬ÿŲǺǡˣҲҹܽ޷Ҳûݼȥ
ǹһЦסˬЦǴϲ°ϲǡҲ֪£Ʒٸˡ
ϣ׼æл
̸Щ֮£黳ִ˵˵⼸ҩĲ¡˵´磬һͬȡλֱһֱע·ޣʼղӰЩʧЩ֮ӣһֱߵȼ֮ϣֵǹעֵս֮ˣȻŨжʮѩӵͬ·һս֮Եͬǿ·̬ļûУԼ·һߣǿһֵĿ
һߵ˼ЦС˵ʦ㣬ʧôò֪ͬģֻҪ⼸죬Уǵڶˣûܴù㡣
ǵù⼸ôѩԹ°СûʲôѣҲֻΪ츳ߣ˵ŮС±ĪĻ֮Ǳ̬Ϊصĸ֣ͬ׵ƣ컢ֺͬ󣬼б䣬ɰУΨһһλŮ޴ﵽ˸ߵľ硣
ҲһΪԼСܵеģ˭֪ɽ·޾Ȼһ־𾪵ԸӡӴ˾Ͷ˷£Ҫͬλ̬һսɣͬүүǰѾս׼֮£õһӵҪ
Ҫ֤Լͬ޵С
ԹǻصĸרŸסƽʱû˸Ҵ棬ֻһλСҩÿɨλҲȥ
λʦ㣬۾֪ҪȥʲôˣһЦϣǰ˵ܲȥĸ
ϣ׵Ȼӭһ˾ʹƬһͬɽеƬԢҹǮںšǵסϣ׾ͻԼķ䣬Ӵλ½λͽܡ
λ֮ӣ߿С·޵סСæӭѩһᣬг棬СҲ̫Ư벻·޶һȻʵʦãΪʲô·ʦܰ˵Ѿ飬Ҫϲ
Сл˵ӦɣҲûˡ
Ŷ»ҲҪλʦҲ̫ͨˡѩ˵ʦã˵˵뵱̼ϵ⡣
Сһ㵣׹˵˰ɣ˭Ҳģһȥȥ
ѩһ䡣
һ߳˵·ʦܼҲ̫˰ɣǵŰݷãһҲôһԽԶ֪ϣݣǰС֮£뼤·޳
Сֳŭɫɲʲô˰ڲԾǿһߵǮ½ǣ˵λʦ֣һʦǰȥݷãǿòã
ҹһ㶣˵ʦܱ˵죬᲻ض֪˵Ҫ
ʦ㣬ͷ˵ãǾǰɽҲǲ˵λʦҲȻóʦԴ·ʦһ־֮һֱͬ·ʦܵдһ£Ҳ£ʲô֣ǣڣϣڴˣֻһд裬˵˭ģһ㾡ܷġ
ǮЦǵȻǵȻʦֵ֮䣬˭ʲôְͷתǡ
ѩһ㬶ء߽ͷһۣǼһֱŵûǴǰ澭һľҡľһϡ
ߺ󣬼ҹԹʦܲ˵ʲô֮ԼǮȴ˵·ʦӦóģɵĵط˵תߡ
ССһ䡣Դ·޳֮λʦּǲ䲻ȵģǴʦּҹԼһǰ
ڶ죬·Ȼչزʱ֣һһɸ
Сޱľ֮ǰۿˣǴʦּҹ
ʲô˼·ʦܻôȵΪеĺĵӣλ֮ӣȻǰɽһ죬ôλŭա
ҹǰЦλʦ֣·ʦܿҪܳأҿȼաдҲһʱ
ѩ˪˵Ȼ˵ԼᣬӦüԼֻͷ֮ﲻʲôޣ
˵ʲôСɴŭ˵Լɷ򲻾ȴܡȻվΡ
Цˣ˵Ŷˣֻд㣬ſϳģͬʦдһ£˵ô
Сɺһ˵ܺã뿴˭ʸͬҵϴа壬ԶһЩһֱʦֵΪ
ѩ˵ɣҲһе£ô鷳
ӣСɺĻϳ壬Ҫν塣


377 
һСľд
λʦ֣һط񣬻Ǹλ֣ȼΡ
һ͡·ߣȴй˵ϡ
ȼ죿ѩ˵ǾȺˡ·ʦܣұ⣬ԴϴɽһսһֱиԸϣͬʦлһս֮ˣ׷ĵȻǸߵľ磬ǳʦд裬˼
·޳ĬΣһЦ˵սİ
ʲô˼˼ֻʵ
·ȻĬƬ̣˵⣬Ҳ벻ѧѾ׷;ֻһͷǾɱЩսûаˣΪҵļٲܵκвòŵǣڵûûҹΪȤ»Ҳһ죬Լûû˵͹ˣһҲˡ
ҲеģԴϣҵĸĸֵܣΣ֮УҪΪɱһƬ磬̫ŵа۳ɱҪΨһ¡ҴõģӮνģǲپҾˣһ˴򲻹λ
һף˵Ĵ򲻹ԭ˵򲻹˵֡ŭҪȴѩסˡ
ѩȻƬ̣Ȼ˵ʦܣɣһսֻкôġߣ˵ȴϡ
Сľڣ·ſ۾΢΢üȻ˳
Ѿϣٴ棬ҲûбҪ
·ȻҲ·ȥƯСӡ
ýˣѩλŵһ˿Ψһһλͬˡ
﷭¡
վ·ͬɽһ㣬Ȼȫɣ۾ӣǹɺΰ˭ˣҲܲΪ֮𶯡ʮ·ޣ·̫ˣǿУǹɲŭǹɳԽ̫ͬ죬ǹһɽСվ̫ǰҲ˿ȣѩһ̵ʧ
ôҲףԼвġ޹˵Ĳξǲһģ֮ţ죬ۻᲢôЦ
վǰ˵Ʋһ֮ߣȫˡ
СĿϹķ羰῿·§§һЦ
ȻƬ̣ѩȻ˵ʦˣ˵תߣһ㶣Ҳֻø󣬺ܿʧɽˡ
·Ҳû˵ʲôЦСɣгԵôҶˡ
ȻûУ͸ȥԵһºôСǸȻ˵
·޵ͷ
Сɾһ·ȥкƵССһܣ·ͷĳɾ͸гޡ
ʦ㣬Ϊʲôˣѩ̲סԹ
ѩ²ͣƬ̲˵һû׼ãȥＫңԶˣĻ˵졣
һ죬ѩ겻ᣬ·޵ӰӾӡһ㡣
ûΰӡ۽ػһ߽ӴߵЩӣ̫಻ͬˡշתһһҹڶ죬ѩһ·СʱȻŵЩ޴롣
ûǰѩӰڰ֮⣬·Ѿ˳ѧһɫ£Ӣ϶ЩɣʮϸЩ̰ǣ·޻ȻվסͻȻһ졣
·ǰں棬һһɽȥ
֮ܿ⣬Ѿ˻ɽԵ·޻վס˫۶Ŀ
ȷʵһЩҪʦֽ̣·˵ţӿǰ˸͸һԼһط
õģ˵һսкôܰﵽʲôһǳ㡣ѩ˵꣬ԭЩƮ
һСǰȻڶС࣬ѳҲࡣѩͻȻߣʵʰɵΣ·ǰİ͸Ҫࡣ
·ʦܣҳˡѩһѲ߳˸񽣷˹ȥ
һ־طȫó񽣣ѩ˵ûйģⳡսüء
·ϾѹһǰͬǵһطҲͬ¡һ÷ս·޵ĸոտٲõ麣һʵʹڷֳĲʶ꼫ܡ
ֻķܶǰ״СķܶХţɫתŰŨصϢ棬ÿһ̶ţѾһ·ܶҲͷ˳ȥ

⽣屻һ漴ŷܶתƵ̾ҪµĿȥ˫һģ½˲伴ţѾӰͬʱû·λϡ
˲·޴ȥ
·޺ջ˷зڣԼòС˫ڰһɫٴգĽ֮ͷϵա


378 д
˴˽ʱѩܲһ֮⣬Ҳڳ˽״СտȻǰ
·޽ΰʶ֮⣬˵Ĵ֮𵴲ʶ֮ڣ޷졣
ϸϸԷԷĲٿؼ˵ٺãҲûԵʱĸУ̡
һȭ·޻һȭغ䣬ȭңͻȭ纭һ﷽Բȭ֮£Ҳ𵴲Ϣ
һȭ֮Ҫѩطӵһ½вŵ
ѩᵽܵļǸʲôӣ侳˽죬־顣
Ϻ
ָоһʼһֱܴ󿪣ȫԸšһʼõط֮ÿһòط֮ӵһһܵ·޵似
·һֱࡣǷֳһʶ֣ûóսͽˡ
־Ҳطʦһͬ
ѩҲطˣﲻط񡣺οĿ񹦣һط֮ӵϣ˽ķ֮һܡڵ·Ѿﵽ׵ı׼λĵۻʼߡ
ѩٿصһˣһ˫һ̧׵һˮ·˹ȥһӣ񽣵ĽںƳǧĽ⡣򵽴ʱû·óѩˣ°ԸھԵǰȵս⣬˰֮ܵңҲ޷ܵġ
ط֮һ֧ؽ𵴳һӡ
죬·ͷһݣٲӣһһֻнֳ֮ϡֵһֱ֮ͬϣγһֻ֣׵УϷתȻĽӡ
ˡ
һײֻϳһ˵һһ֮ãͬʱͣһ㣬ռŤòӣݺύȫ
ѩɫ΢ףٺˣӰڿռﵭơǰֻн֣·޴ʯżȻõ似Ȼֱ塣һֱнд·ֱͷųȥǧֻһͬ·޵ǰһꡣ
ѩĿ͸·޿˹·޺ȻĿЩģĸо֣죬Ȼһ˿ΣյĸоǿޱȣѩǰȻʧˡ
ͬʱ˵һͷϣ¡¡
ӳȥֻһ񣬶·ͷϵĲһѾ׷ֳ֣
·޴һһȭȥ
䣡
췭ظһ㣬ȫ綼𶯣ҡΡȭ£ϳ壬ͬǧϲͷȥ
һȭ˰˳۾ϵĿֱǧȣҲڶ֮⣬չ·ھ޿֮ϡ
ĿЩ䣬̧˫ۣסѩ
طҲͷֳһȣȻҪöࡣѾȥصʶʶ˶ܵ˺λŮһʱĴԿհס
ӯ£һѩããȻ̧ۣ۵ŵ̰ӢӵӡƽĿֻйС
ûж˺һűſֳһݺϼ
ɣû¡ѩ˵ԼҲһ⻹Լƺû˵ء
ٿ£һգһǧĿ壬
·޺һֽڻʱ֮Ѿ·ףʶĸӦܲǰﱼ
·ޱһչɵƽϣѩʶ˵СЩͣͣͷһٴ·޵˹ȥַֻס
ô£ǵһ˹УһֻѾ·ץ
ϾХһֺּޣ·ʮ׵ķΧ·ŵǾطֻ֣ڰգѾ¡¡ʹ絶ϣԭûж˫üһѵһط˳ȥ˵һ峤״Сͺب·ͷϣ޵ɱƿѹڱصõһץæ֡ץȥ־ͻᱻϵƿ
˵棬ͬʱϣ۵ӰҲһ˵Աߡ
ܿģλλֱ꣬ԯСɣҹǮʦֵܣǰǰʮ˲ͬʱڶߡ
·һѩ壬ȥһˡ
ǣս̣Ѿκǿǰٴη壬Ϊηûκá
㲻ðɣ·޸ѩϵֻ֣һֱʶʱѩֻеȫ޴ľȫ
ԯСŭɫԼɷ·ʾԼֻڰˡСȻóһλı飬Ͷʺ޴š


379 ޳
·޷ѩһߡǰʦߡ
·ǰ˵·ްݼˣ
޿ǰһȭ˭ҲǹһܵġλֱӵӸͷǵܣĴҪֲС
Ŀָеѩ˭ó˵üᣬڻģȴΪҿһкӻɬСߺߵĵ
·ޣô˲Сģʦд費ʩ˾ϣ׳ȳ⣬·ͷǣ˵ͽ֪ˡһȭȴģʦϡ
Ȼʲô似ϣ»ȭ
׹֮Ĳ̫ˣ·ֻȭԼŮŶ֣̩ȻŵǾ˵·޶ԼʵžԵš
δСӵܻǿУôأ
ǶԸ߳ͬ׵̫ˣЩͷʹ˵гһλ˵õ֣ΪӦø˲ǡǶ·Ļ٣о˼֮ôҲûС
΢΢һЦ˵ԭʦֵܼд谡ˡһЦ˵ȻǶȥɣʦֵ֮дɡ˵תءϣ׸ں棬λϿɫأԵأҲȥֻʣ˼λС
·СĵĶѩ˵ʦ㣬㻹𣿡
ѩ̧ͷ
·ЦǻãǾȻȥˣٵǰʦ㡣˵ȥһСɵ֣Яȥ
ѩ˵ıӰЩ˼к
ڶƽ£·޻Ǹе˷ɽйɽ̬֮
һ磬ֳһǹȻˡ
ǰһʮˣڴǰգʱ˿̣û˵֪ǸʱѾΪʱԶˡ
ͬʱԳſĸʱתǿ֮⣬ۿţռǴʱǽһͬϵɽѩʮһεķ
Щҡ
䡭
ûһʱɽһ֮һֻ˽
һıǼеģҲ˵д·ˡȻֻɫⰡֳ˹΢£ֻ·ûƬ̵顣
һʶעУɫԽԽѿƽʱ΢е˫ۺȻһţѹ
ôˣ޿յǰһʵ
ϵѾٶ꣬üëӾѩ֮ɫһ࣬һɷǡΪǴﵽط֮
Ǻһһºϣֳһɱɱһﶼһ
޳޳·ǵɽ

˾ʧɫ
޳޳ֻǷΪ޳ˣȴǸʬħħˡϴϣ׳ɽϳ˸ֶμ̣׳ʣħʿа֮ɫĽɫ
ϲƺֻһˣǾɵλظǡ
ʮ޳һų˵һ޳ɽµϸ˾ó飬޳ģǼϵȸϻȥԸ˵ȵһˣٸϼɽһٷǸħ
ǳĬƬ̣Ȼ˵˵᲻ⲻɽ
һ㶣׹
޿յ˵Ӧòܣ޳֪ɵһ£лɽڣƾĸطĸҲλ񣬲ȻƲǧġ޳ŲɵΪԼƿ󣬶۵ֵġ
ǵͷȻ˵ȥϣǰ仰˵ƽȴγһˮڿвɢȥʮ˶üĻȻ˵޳Ѫʮ޳ŵһͬɽҲȥǲеġֻнǼλˣѩۿĸ񽫴ܺͻҪвֻ̰࣬ȡһɣȻбΣա·ⳤɣȫܵ۵ע룬ֻϧǸһҪصСӣһ˾꣡
ֳһֶʺޡ
Ƭ̣ϣһŴ֮ûе飬
ţʲôԸϣʵ޴¼£ִ֮ǲõġ
ǶϣչһЦ˵кȻ˵£Ҳòлȥһˡ뷳ϣչһ£Һܿͻ
ϣЦС£žܷģﲻʲôµġ
˵ϣҲ֪˵ش°ɣ˵˫ӣһȴϵϣ׵Ļشϡ
ϣƽ˵شһ£µҲ˵ֻŴ˻ַйϵ𣿡
ǺǣǾȻʱЦЦúǻǰסϣ׵һֻ֣֣˵ֵܣȻֻм֪ǧȥͲʲôܴ£ֻǽϵĴţ۾ɽڸ㣬ʵɽɽϡ


380 Ϊʲô
·ڣСڵǺȻı䣬оſŴǺȻڼǺҫ۹
о죬˳
Сվſڣշ·˳Ŀ⣬Ƕ
Сɣôʡ
һգȻѾܿõһͬһСһɫڶϡһɭȻƣǿϴ
ϴҾҲҪˡС˵ʦɵͷȥˡ
·üͷһ壬˵߶ˣ
аʱˡС˵
ұȥʦ˵ƹۡ·˵廯ǰȥ
СɣȥλʦֵţбĻǾһͬϹԶԶģ·
СɴӦһҡ
ʱЩѹ֣ʿͬȴǸ漣ʱ̡ʱŴ˺ȵ˭룡
ҩޣ˵һѾڵأһ޳ӰԳſڡ
·һư˽ʿʮˣ黳ڣȫһݣѾһ˿η
·һۿʦȻڴǰһơҵͷкλֱλȻĶͷɫһ䣬֮ǰĿͺ£Ǹ޿ûеڶ·
·޿ǣ˹ЩԸ鷳۸ҲЩԻ
Ŀ΢΢ͷѩǰ˵ллʦ飬
·˵Ҳлл㣬û½طףʦһսѹҲʱˡ
ѩ۾ȻЩ΢죬΢ͷ˵ʦܣܲܽһʦܺһ衣
·һ㶣漴еһѹλֱ֣һͬĿϬͷʦϣףʦ΢ͷ˵ã߶ʦһ衣
ѩһã·ǰ棬ȥ˴Ĳһ侫²֮ڣѩСнӹߣƺŵĳˮݲ裬㣬һҩӿķΡ
룬ѩϡ·ǰһ˫ûϾõС֣ذ׵Сָ֣ôˣ֮СǱȻƯ־Ҫһ㣬˺ÿ֣·Ҳǲע⵽࿴һۣѩ¾ɲ裬ţ糺һƬͷ¹ײ
·޾ʧ̬ӹһӲƷ裬Ʒôʱ£Ѿ̫ݳˡҩڣƺҲһͬ
Һ֪ĵطܸ˵˵ôѩȻ˵
·һ벻Ҫ˵Щ£Щķ
ѩȻ˵·ޣ֪𣬹һҪ£ۿʱ̣ҾҪֱۣϵķ󷨣Դӳڣÿ󲿷ʱҶ壬ҩԡķ޽ΪֹһṦ̸̸ģ˵˵ЩνĻĻᶼûУʵ͹ˣҲ뵽߿Ů˿޿ЦЦ֣˸̸̸ģ
΢΢ͷȥе·޺һʱ⻹Ǹ콿ֻһܺõŮӡ
̧ͷ·һۣǾǿ
ۻѵã̰ĵĻҪһпܳˡ˵СȻס·ͷһ
·˵ãʦϲЩĵ£Ҿ˵·һЦ򿪳£һʱ治֪˵
ǸԴأиŹСԶҲܻҾǸŹˣҲǼ֮һұǸͿĺӡ·˵鵤֮£˵Щ˿£ЩԹڿȴһĿЦĶǵʱԼʹ࣬Ǵ˼ಫЩ£ĵһ˿ɬ˵壬δޣɾ֮ٵ뻨ȥ۷սԴɽ߹ȿܵػ𣬵ºߵħ֮ħɽɽЩҵ£˵ͬ˵һԼ𾪣ʱô߹ģֻһ޸ӵͬƹۡǾʹСС֮СѩʱעµĲˮˮˣ֣ϣʱ΢΢ͷ͵͵۾
˵һʱҲû˵꣬ʱ·޺Ȼһ㵵ֹס̧ͷ
λ콾ˮ£
˶ٿడ˵ΪʲôҪԼأ


381 ޳
·һЩңЩ֪ôӦĳ棬һĹ¸˵ˣҪ֪֪ôأæȰ˵ްˣȥˣ
ҲսģġҲп޵ʱʱͻȻһᣬᾹȻֹס
ûûУ·˵ȥˣгɣصԴأλаħɱȻͬСɣ⹫ҵһֵҲˣ涷ţǶõӰʵƽӲģͯʱмʱⰡ
һ仰ѩ׷ס
Ѿܸˡ
ʱ·Ȼһɫͻ䣬ץѩһֱֻסˡ
ѩһ㶣оϳʹʵô
·ü˵һţſţô־ֻ尡ǺӻתſŲͬɫͬС壬ͬʱ֡Сʼڣſ֮䣬ʱе˸𵴡
ѩ׹ſ֣۽˲ܰף·˵·ޣҾҪˣ˵ʵܰﵽ㣬ܻųһؼҴǸа۵ġ
·벻˵ж˵лл㣬бҪһġ
˵ţ¡һݺȻҡϱӲ׷׵ϣһƬ
·һѩǰȥ˵ٶȷǷڰ;һغζϢƬ׷ɣǵһߵһֻ˺ϱĴһ֮²ѿҲͬʱҡΣжϿ㸲֮С
ߣ
·޺һڵأһܣһֻȭͷͷϣѩ
ȭͷǰصܹ⣬ѩȫܹУƿһ谭һڴίڵϵͬʱƿϰա
ıһţ·޻ѩڰ֮ϡ
䣡䣡
ػ
·ȥɵķɽϿգһ껤ɽϵػ
жۣϣеĴˡ
ǾѾʮλɽߵʿվһҩ
ھ֮󣬳һѻ棡
ɽһٶɽ۰ֲֻһǰȥ󡣡˻򶨣һ۽黳
黳˵ҩ޼һ𣬿ÿһֻΪǳ
ϣ׳˵˲ô࣬ȼ֣һһȻǺȥͻˡ
˵䣬ϿϹâ㣬ˮķֲмѾСͬ㿪Ũ
̱ȥ
ʱ˹ЦЦ
ûǣҿܻܲסɽߣؼۣɿɶռıڹ޳ˣ
Цž죬ǣһеĴ־Ȼһ֮£˵һ϶һ׵϶չϣ׷˫۴ţмȥֱ۵Ŀϣһ˫չţȻɽʮĿռȫڲ
޿յˣɫ̾ϵˣλ޳޳˰
һ˵⼸λҲͬʱڿն
ϣ˫һϣΰϵܣǵ϶ӭȥ
䣡
һٴ䵽֮ϣѷһš
䡭
ϣѾ֮˫ۺ˹ȥһ죬ΰ˲ӳֵϡĴǵһâɣһ㻤֣غ˴֮ϡ
ػٴ£âѩĳʿͷ֮ϣֻѺֺ
λϾ̾ѡϣ״ʱ˿ֳ̱ľֻһܹӵУǾǵǣԭһֱûʩչȫ
λϵλһŷ
·ѾſѩʱĿŷɽɽȥ
СҹǮҲɿ챼ǻûǰ黳Ѿһסָһǰȥӳ
Сɿһ۰յɷüͷһ壬ͬλʦһطȥ
֮⣬޳ŵӣѻѻڰУÿʮһսţʮ˵ΪҲطһϣ˾;˾׵ľһָһĻɽ󣬺¡¡ܲ˸˵ע룬˺ϵһò˵ڶ£ˣרŶԸֵ似ʱԳ
޳ŵ޳ˣһϮ£ֳһīȫŷɫܻ𣬽ϸǻ죬һ£Ļһ￪⣬ȻڻϣһƵϣ۴ͻ𣬺ֻͫһС㣬ǲҰ׵۰ſѪ˿ЩֱȵǱɽһʱŶ֣ȥгļػ֮£Ѿֳ̬֮˭뵽ͻȻһλ֪ĸ֣֮ΰ֮¡
ͷݺݿ۸ʮλ޳Ŵϣȵ򱣶ô֣
ʮϸĿеܵѾӳֵ˽ʮ״СסȥɽǧϿգꡣ
һλϺĴӻͳһֻɫС˫ɫһ֣Ȼҡ
ᡭ΢Сȴʵһ㣬͸˻ɽֱɽһ˫𵴹ȥ


382 
ٶ˱۵Ĵ֮ǰĵܣӳֵȥߵļӳ£âʢ֮ϣһ˻ģλҲ׷׽ͷţһʱ䣬ɽͬһâɵľܣ棬ҲЩˡ
黳Ż飬ֻ˻ԭءѩ·ޣ
ѩ̧ۿɽѾһӨʱˣŴĴżײһϺΰ֮ͻʲʱӦ۾ͻԶſȡʱͬʱͷųľǰעԪʱҪУܼյĺӳ֡
ѩһֱ·ߣʱҲûĿɽȻ˵ܰﵽ㣬ܻŴ۳ҾͰһȥԴɽǸаۣ˵òáûбϲ
·ЦȻãҵǲͻƣõİ취ǴһȥǺǣǸѾ
һЦѩſһŷɫ绨ĳɽ˹ȥͬʱϵľλɽɽ黳Ŀ·ޣ֮ĶԻȻˣЩ֮䷢ʲô
·޻վԭû꼫ʶȴɽ
ʼղһˣһȥͨСС
򱣶
򱣶˫ѪѪҺԽԽ࣬ȴޱ飬һֻǰȥ԰Ѫϴһ˿Ц
磬ŴˣҰ
λһλΪߵҩޣʱڴ֮£˫鸡ſϽע롣
רעʱСſȻѪӷ򱣶˫ôŪģϻһܻסʶ޸ܵľ𵴡
̲ס˵лл磬ˣ磬˵ΪʲôأҪô㰡±ӱţòá˵Ჽ
ŲЦ˵ɵһֱ㵱ðҪʲô۷ɽ۶˹¹µģչ㣬ܿ
һЦ˵簡Ҫ˱òãȥ㡭˵һֻ޹ǵС̽绳ĵҩҩ޶ԱһЩҩҲϡ
Цҡͷ˵ɵӣ˵ɵ
ǰȴһʪȴˮ档
һֻ֣绳Щʱڴ֮⣬Ǹһ׶Ĵϣҧأһֻеĺһܲһ𣬳һѷ죬΢ѪҺ
ޱͷʹѣʶһƬհףԼѾ޷ԼˣȻе簡ȥ㡭
Ц˵˵ЩֻȫôˣġϵıȻסˣ֫Ҷ˫ʧٱҲͻȻʧ
򱣶ʹʧһֻ绳ջѪҺ죬һŻڲͳСϣ
ޱ飬ͬʬһ㣬ȻӻͳһֻСƿֻЩƯƵСƿӣһóѬ˱ǡͬСŮӶеƿһ뷽ɽʹû뿪Ķ
ˣһɴ̱ȶ͸˳СƿСŴ㵹ȥ
ˡ
ȺҺһ㱡ϣ֮ϵ·ɫ䣬оææڴϵһֱֺɫҺһʹȼӣһʶһƬ𺣣ʶ֮УֳһȻĶ֣˵һͷˤϡ
һͷˤ򱣶ʮԶĵط򱣶ɫѾ֮ɫնҡİγһֻܵ΢ĵҲ׳̣һ·˹ȥ
ʱ˿̣ǽһȺҺ壬Ƭ̾;ȼ帯ʴ
־ʯĻ޷ȼ˵ʲôܸʴˡֻһתۣ׷Բĸ׾ȼм֮ʴĶѿ¡¡쳹ɽ
죡
޴Ļһ˳Ŵ޳Ѿȼˡ
ɽȫ޳֮¡֮λɫһȫܶͷ˳סͻȻľޱ䡣ϣ׵ֹܲƬȸоȻܣٵȥ
֣жȵ
λĵĴϣŻΣϾʹ˷֣Ȼԥ֮޳Ѿ˽սǵ֣ͬʱŵľǵʶλϴУĵ·Ӱŵȥ
ϣʶ㹻ΰ󣬲ʱ֣ӵʱ֮ҲͬˡʱʶѾ·޻Թȥ֮ϡλ򱣶¶ЦɫҰף·ֻһ֮ң
ʱ˿̣ƷŴ崦ͬһֱϣ
飡
¡¡֮ǹһУǹһһ֮ϣʵĹ⻪޾Ȼ
ǡ
ǿ˺һӣ


383 
һȫ۴עߣһίڵأһɫ
У󶴿һĳЦ԰ն䣬޳һڳۣڲʬͬӵż޾˫ۣⳤָĺɫƣḧһλɴʳȹеŮӡ
˵ŮӣΪ϶ǵ̬ȫÿһ̶ĿͬؽһײƮɴȹտյֻһܺǣ
ʬ
޳һǧʬǣעһطĹ
̬̬ӡ󣬾峣ŵʮλϣһ߷ֻһ
޳һʬһһĿסˣǳһ֮·н
ˣһܿصߣ޳˵Ĳǲ
һ˳޳ɷ졣
ʱ򱣶Ѿеܵϻе·ޡܵȾѪϻɵ䣬˵һ;ûɰٵӰ·޵帲ˡ
飡
ͬһܵ䵽·ϣȻļٵⲨһʵ·ϣһ·嶼ûиı䡣
ڰ֮⣬ϣ׵ʶ־ȻҲö
һϣ׺һȭ˹ȥ
еݴŮϣһȭû֡ˣ޴ȭָǹ￪⣬ȭͷһɹȥ
䣡
һѪ󣬵һ塣
һֻһ̽Ѿ·޵壬˻һ⣬ŷɽɽȥ
Ȼ
޹⣬Ŵغһʡͬջ롣
ɽɽ
΢б¡¡Сڴʲôӱˡ
⣬һصĽ黳ѩڿѾԹˡ
ʱ˿̣ϣ׻ﱧ·գۼǰ
¡¡ոѾءһЦ޳Ѿڰա
˱һˣڷɽɽǷɽܶԵеȫ
ϣһֻʼշ·ޱģͼҽ˵ĵһطʬϣײİ㣬һξλ޳ˣƾ£ͻȻǧֶϣ׽жɢһγʬ䵽ܲϣ˲ϣλΰۣضˡ
죬·ͬܵһˣֻķɣһˣһ˵øӳء
ϣ£·޴ӻſ۾˿ˡ
ôˣѩע⵽Ȼɫ
ˣ𣬺ءϣ׳˵
ôûʱ˵ѩֻһ䡣
ȻһŤŤ壬Ͽĺɨ֮Ⱥ׷ɣ֪жһȥڶ綼ҡΡ
ˣпҲ˷ˣסʬĻпܾϣ
ʦĻѾѹ·һľȻ޷һСĶ𣬶һߣʦϢ߾ȫѹŶĹʱ˿̵·Ϻˮעɫ
ѩĿɿڴһ˫۾Ҳ벻·޵Ѿͷ֮ڵ޳ˣҲҵһۣʹûģЩԳ֣Ǹһµ꣬ѾϢͨ
ǰȻһгϰ죡
һһ˵Ķ˵У򷨲еۣͰ׾Ͱ׵ôʹĿھͺڵɲ⡣
ۿ˰
У޳˹Ц¡¡е۰ˣڹˡ
黳һѩе֮ڣԪѾҪˣ
ϣҲֻۣؼ˵õĵ˳Ȼۣǰһ
ҲǸᡣ
̧ͷĿһѩĿ䵽һ
ɨѾȻ޴档֮أ𡣿·Ҳȼˡ
ǵȴż˹ȥ֪ͬжڡؼ춯صҪײһ
ѩȻ˫ۣϣ˵Ұɡ
黳һ㶣ϵּеۣûʱˡ
ʱ޳Ѿһڹڰ׽ۡûӴ֮ڣѾһֱĴ󵶣˹ȥ
ϣΪһ˺صܣһ
޳ٲǰ벽ǰ֮ڣܽܵ޷ܲͣΣƣһֻ׳״ϸĿݹǱֶˣϣ˦˹ȥ
䣬ݹǱɭɭа׹ϡλߣһʱ䶼·ĵ̳¿ȥ
Ҫʲô黳ѩ·޾ҪԾ𡣾״Ľе
дʵû飬ҲûϢãһ춼ͷԲѣԲסңһˡ


384 ޳ر
޹񹦣֪ܹ޸ġѩе
֣ﲻݲµڶ˵ģң˭Ҳų黳е־ȥѩ·ޡ·޴ĻУʹơ
ڴʱ޳ŵʮλѾѹͷϣȻĺɫܲѾ档Ҫеϰۡ
Ѿȫſڰɫдﵽһ֮ޡΰļ罭Ӱעȥһ̷·Ʒֻһļ¡
ٲ룬ʱѾˡ
ϣеһһ¡¡ĵ⽫޳˵֮⡣һֻȴ鰴ʮ£
䣡
һߵϰգʮλ޳Ŵٿλλ˳һ֮⡣
γɵıڣѩһֻ½Ž黳˹ȥ;˵һɢ½֮ҹ䡣
黳һ㶣ǰȫĽ⣬æֻúˡѩٲԥ𣬿˵·磬ǵ񹦰ɣ÷
·˵㲻á
췼ЦЦ˵һлģǶʮ꣬ûˣһ飬ٲ񹦣Դأ֪ҪʲôʱСðһΣҪһǵð˵ߣƤһЦްֻգеǰȫĵط֮ڡ·һ棬ˣܲܿ·޳ѾǸδ֪
Ż꣬Сͷıʲôһ£ȻȥƬۺ촽ЩϵĴϣǳǳӡһ£Ȼ˫һͣ·޳۷˹ȥ
޳˿ݹǱǰ䣬һƿϣ׵һǧڵĹǱ޺Ȼɢ䣬¡¡ϣ˹ȥͬʱĺʬѾɢ֮ء
ϣ׺ĳһֻ֣岻ʮףȫ棬ϣһֻȴؼ޵չ¶
ʱſΰΪһ˶ս޳ţڰһĿݹǱĹǴڵֻһͻ촷ۡ
һֻһߵǽѾſʮλ㸲
ͬһɽѹȥʮλ޳ŵĴϣΪˣҲòٴκˡʮ˸ɫڱ䣬벻һλϣף㱻ʬ˵ϣףȻһ˶ŷɽ
ҲʱĿʱ䣬ʱ䲻ˣ
·˫۶Ŀλʶʱ޵ĴоԼҪծˣɹʮ׵ľ룬Ѿ۱ϡ
һȻߡһ·ץȥ
ӦԴ²޳ˣǷֳһֹ֧ˡ岻ܷû֮ڣȴ÷ֹ·ޡ
·޻֮ȫѹŶӣһԼͻ
ˣ
½ֱ̹ȥǷıġ
䣬еһʽ߹콵޳˺ġҲΪǸײȥ֪÷ץס·޵Ĵһ·ޱٲκԥֵġ
ӦԷƴľģ֪Ȼ·Ʊؽ֣ԼҲҪѩĽ飬ò˸³
ǽϣײǿܲѾ
·һѾû֮ڣϵ·ȥƮɢڿУ·ǿԼ۾ѾȻ
ѩ˹ȥȻҲڶ
ѩ߹һԭƮ־ͻȻһ·ǰӭ޳˵ķ
һ£·ȫû֮ڡ
䣡
ѩһײ֮£޳˵ķȻȥӮʤѩȴɫףȻһƬʬʬѩѾڲ֪һײ֮˲׹䡣
һУģ
޳ͻϣϸе˲һѾȫ۷ܼ֮񹦱ط֮ʱ˿ը¡¡ĵռװɨһе̳¿
޳һײ˻Ѿ֪ѾȥˡӪ˽ʮһ£ͻһʦͽϣ̿Դ󷢣һ˫һţĴ޳رһǰչ
ϣף㻵Ҵ£ȥɣǵ޳ر
ʮλгϼ˱ŵֻһεر֪ٲͣļſᣬķɳ֮⣬֮һˣһߡɽϣֻʣϣѩн黳ˡ
ѩһϣͱ۳֮У黳ۼ£ӡᣬ£Ѿսһ⣬ȻٷŴϣ׸ܵв֮£ʽٴ
Ȼĺڰڰ޾ʬʬѹ˹ͬһƬѪ֮УԼһ̱СÿЦȱȫʬǵռ䡣еЦ硣
޳رǧ֮
黳̧ͷ֮УϣѾһ˵Сһںɫ飬Ź𣬽ϣװ棬һӹϼ棬һй֡黳ʧɫǰѩԶȥ
һµ޳ˣĿһǸżۣһתȥ
ߺ󲻹Ƭ̣ǵĳڷɽϿգֻһۣѾɫࡣ
дһܣȻǸɫ֮ϡһ֮𵴣ȻŴһ࣬ڳʬʶſѾڷеĽ黳ϣüͷһ壬ĿǸ֮ʱ˿̣֮и˽Ԫļӳ֡˵黳ŵѩô˭ء
ͻȻԨ
Ž黳׷˹ȥ
޳ŵرͷŵܣתٴǴѾס˷ɽֻǸʼ
ʱţ·޽֮Ѿʱˡ
֮ڣ·ͻȻƽֳС磬һ뼫һ뼫Ǿ֮ڣһСγˡһܹУ׵ĴǺ֮תԽԽ죬ͬʱҲ۵֮зת
һת磬ֻǺ֮䣬ͻȻת֮Ϩ·ڵĶ˳
֮ںȻ㣬ڼУ·кʶȻһ쾳硣㻪֮У·ͬӤµ֮Уһ̧ۣ⻪֮Գڸγλɷǵǰ
˵ķ壬ͬʱ·ǰ֮ǰн֮ˣȫ̽λߵԪλ߶壬ͬʱ·ǰ


385 
ѡɺӣȻ񹦣ɴˣ˵ɣҪҵĶԪһԵıҪǿö̬࣬ӵͬˣƮڿտʵ֮ڡǰǰ޺ľˣ顣ſ۾ʵʰѩ۾һţ·ֻеԼ
Цˣ֮ڣˣܺãѵõ˲ţֻΪʲôܵ޳ŵľ綾أΪɢὫһ񹦶ϵϡˣлʱ䲻࣬˵ɣҪҵĶԪһעڣʱҵԪͻԶһ㲻õģ˵ɣҪ٣ϵܴܲⰲȫȥȻ㣬Ҳ̫̰ġһ
·޿ǿͬȻʵǰΪܹܵ˶٣
ֱ˵ҵȫԪ
·޵ͷ˵Ҳôġת˵Ԫɥʹʧ𣿡
ЦЦģӣǱ޵ģߵһһһסã׼ɡ
˵󣬺ԭɢһƬ⻪ͬ꣬·Ʈ˹
·ȫɣĬĬ񹦣ڵǺкȻŴͨ͸⻪ٿʧ·޵֡
ȵ·̾Ϊֹһʡ·޵ܹ죬һĴδ졣һʦһǵԭʼ֮һǴ£һʱΪ֮Ѿǿ̫ͨ࣬ǿʮֹǼͿߺʹ
Ƭֹ̼⻪Ǻ֮ϵһغϴϣһ㣬ǧٵ㣬ٵٺϵһԽԽӵʵڻϳһţȻĹ⻪᳾㲥ɢȥһ͸ֻ·޸Ӧõĵһ³֮ڡ
ΰ·ЩţǿԼȥǸʮࡣ
ſ·ǰλ߲ûɢ֮ڣ΢ۣܣ·޺Ȼ˵ǰðһʣ֪ܲٶҪһֻ񣿡
ٴγۣȻ޾ļ֧ǵС硣
ӣҪ٣ֻһλˣûʱˣλγߣûĸſ·޿仰˭˵ġ
һ˲䡣·˺ܶ࣬ͷƬ̣˵ôλǰߣСӾðһܲλߣһͬңСӲ̰֮ˣֻǲ¿ޣҵĸֻԴа֮ɣɰ죬·޽ͶһѣѺСһƽɣ
йһ˵ְԼƵǣֳһ˿Ц˫ţ֮ڣѾת
ðɣ׼ɡ
ĿһλаԪǰˣĽʣȫԪɢĻ⣬·Ʈ
֮ڣ⻪֮ϵķǻҪࡣ
˳УƮ·޵ٿʧˡ
޾ϵײ·޵壬꼫ľﱼУƺֹϢ·ǿͨʮոоһķεʹȻȻģĸԪΣĸ͸·Լķ塣
ʱȥ·޸ոȫκ֮ϣƲ֮ϣĸȻһѾΪȥʽڷɽʧˣʧȥ˼ջأûС֮ڣһйƽȥǸиб˭Ҳ֮ǰľ绪
¶ڰ֮ϣ·ſ˫ǰʱȴоһ㡣һűڰУ·ޱǰľסˡﲻǷɽһ
ϣ׵ĺںɫѾɽʱɨײĶǡǧ͸ɭɭҲ̶õξš
·ˣһֱšȻ·һһ
ϣʦһֱ͵·ޣԴɽɣˣڵΪѾ֮ˣҲ֪ʲôʱܴ޳رȥȥˣҲܳΪˣﲻ㡣С¶˴£ջȥɡѾ΢š
һգʧϣѾ֪·޳ֳһͨͳ޳رһ֣ѹءرγɵСٴ
·ȻΣĲ壬ط֮ļӳ£쳤ﵽʮ׿⣬޵һʻХǰĿռƳһմ
ɽĶʦа˯һ뵽ﻹֹʮ׵һһߣؽҡ
߹ȥһγɵĵش˿ռ䣬һĵ⣬ײ֮ϡ
飡
װѾﵽʮ﷽ԲľرȻһ𣬺ķɳһԶȻڿУֻٴţѾռʮĿռ䡣
·޴һڶɽ˳˹ȥ˴ŵЮˣɽ纣ĵ⣬أһһʮɽ壬һƬˡﵽʮ﷽ԲرȫȻĹ֮ڣâǹ˺ڹ⣬Х纣ӿ
ӣ
·޷ˡ
յĿ޳رѾǳ࣬ǰһźɫЦҿ޲Ƶĵɽ
ûϣʦ·ŭ˫΢΢Ѿˣһķرܣʦ֮£Ѿٴ
˴ˡ
رѾ˷ɽ·޺ȻССλʦǰȥӳֻɽһᱻʬˣʱ֪ʲôˣ뵽Ȼˮ乣չʮķɽСһȦҲʱˡڶϽϣһվĴǰͷˣһλһ̣ĽСС˭
·һ֮£ԯСǰ
Сλʦһͬǰ·ޣû󣬶һֱעĿķ򡣵ȵ·׷ŷ򱣶һɽȣŻعλʦѾȶڴ֮ǰ˹
С۵Сһ뵽ɷѩζӣͷһĻ˼ʲô󣬴һʬͬ˻ɽ󡣼ҹǮѾɫĵһߡСɴ󾪣ȥȣܹȥչæֵСɾʹˣԭ࿹
·޷䵽ǰû֣СѾиУſ۾Ȼҡͷʾȣ·Ļῴſܿ࣬ʱСɫһ࣬һȴֳһƬϼ⽩Ӳʹ֮ɫ¶š
·˰벽˸һ׵ľ룬հСɵǰĴˮȥչֲմһ̶ֹ˶·޵˺·סСɵ壬ڲĶѹȥڵ·Ѿϣװ˰Ĺεȵľ춯أһȫʩΪǾҲҪѹһޣοֻһʬһƬ̣СϵʬѾǿѹһںɫѹСɵﺣСɵʹࡣȥȴ·Ŭ˰죬ֻգֹȥλʦѹʬҹǮѾʹһʹһ⣬̻һҹ˵ллʦܡ
·˵ãԴȥ취
Ǯʵʲô취Ѿ֪ʬһʱȻʹ࣬Ȼȫѹŵﺣļ
·Ҫش𣬺Ȼ̧ͷһ˳ڰ֮Уһ˵ȣȴλһţǣû˴ʿһ·ޣ۷ųâɫ࣬߹һ
黳ﱧѩ
·޵ĿԽλˣֱڽ黳ѩϣʱ˿̵ѩ֮ͬʱסɫ԰׵Ŀ·ޡ
ٴĿоЩУЩȻ
һߵСɺһԹۡ
ѩϷɺ죬̬Ȼɶ·޻ʶ촽մ
·ԶʱˣЩܻɽ۴£ŪһͿܣҰܣܵһ涼ûˣϲأ߳ƵȴۿŽ°ЦϣеޣѾﵽ㣬һԸǣԹͻȻ·޷˳
֮ǲԤıʵüɫ
·һֱΪʦ֮£٣ͻȻдʣһ侲һ˵Ԥıɽôƣôо綾ôɽߣһ֮ѲǣȴҪ񮵽ͷϣʦϣ׻޳ŵĶ֮г˵ԤıǲԤıʦͽ˰
ϣʦͽˣֻ·һ˵ѣ˻ڴ˶֮С
·޵һʣʱЩ
·ۣʵŮѩĽӽ黳֤ʵһ㡣ɫһ̾Ϣ˵ȷһ֮㲻÷ϣ벻޳ڲõңٶжֻܴ޳ˣ·ޣڴˣȻɽټһͬ޳޳ҩر֮
·ԣ֪ʲôʱܻڵĵʦһʬеСֵܼʲôʱ
ǲٳɣһ۽黳УεˣȻ˫һ壬Ѿһ⣬ѭԶˡ
ĵȴ
ϣ޳رǰԶ·̧ͷͿõǸѾɽߴĶ·ÿһӶǼ尾
һʱڵȴйȥ黳ʼְЩҩǡΪһЩҩ޻ЩΪǳĸþˣ˫͹ȥʱˡյýá·ûʩȣǴͷڵϣֻ񣬷ɣطܹҪﵽת֮ҪδսС
Сѩһһ·޼ԶĵطСɲʱתͷѩһᣬҲСɣȻֳȻ֮ɫߣ·ޣ߳׾ˣ԰Сһͬʯһ㣬־ǿ


386 
һطѾͬ·ȫĺΪһ壬ʱΪȻһſʱɫѰɽϣȥһֻа޳رɫ⣬ɭʬ⣬ƽʡ
·Сߣ״űѹƵĻ𶾣Ȼңŷһ̧ۣСɵ飬Щ֣СûŴ۾Խһⶢţ˫˸˸
·˳ĿתͷȥҹɫһµӰڲԶһˮ˭һۿ
ҹɫ·ߣͬû̫ѩϰˡ
·СɵЩСһתͷɷһ֮ɫЦͷ֣˵ϴףĲġ
·ֺЦֿƽһȻѩߣӡ
ѩֺǽӲ·ô˹ͷһжСĪİԼԼһ֪ҪǷ¶˵ծ
գ·޸ܵСϵıҪӹȥ˵һ䵽Լֱ֮ϡ
·һû̧ۿֻʶȥһһôһӣԭСһζһкӶ飬ԷȴǸи֮򣬺Լ־ᣬôʱһϷų顣һʱţǼгСֺݺ֮Уͷ˶Ի𶾵ĶƣֹʱѾԼģһֱСһ֣һ㡣
·޷ſ֣˫£¡һһס壬·˫ּ䴫ͳȥ
ǿͨѩѨ׷ӿ룬֮ȼѹȥ
ܹĵֻͬѩᰴѩһ̣Щԡ
һӣ·޾ٴνǶѹһֻССںɫ壬ٶ˺ŽϢˮߣĵľ
һȴǶѩ漫нΪҲˡ
ֳ·ſѩú㣬·޵һڵڣС紺üĿ续·ͷһʱ⴫һߡСɲˡ
·޺ЦһˣȻ벻Ŀ䵽ѩһԺ촽ϣƬ֮֮ǰԼ
·תصСߡǱߵѩȻһһ仰Ҳû˵ӰѾ԰С΢΢
ˣֳϼ⡣·վ
⣬Ǹ޳رٴǴһ࣬Ѿٵˣ·޺ȻܺڣͲӦָ˻ʦͽϣΪѾвĳ˵ɵλ˻ľ
ߣ
·޿һĴʦּҹΪˣ·޻ǷĵģǮǸ磬ûиƵ˼Ǯ·޲ġ
ʦ֣һ֪޳İɣжԶ·ʵͬʱ˿Ǹر
ҹ˵֪Ӧһʱľ룬еĻɱ޳𣿡
·޿Ц£˵Ϊбİ취𣬶ʦٵˣǣȥҪģȥ
˵䣬ĲֱһٶףڰУͷųܣһȭȣٵĺ档ȭСǰ֮⣬޴ȭΣڿγһ𣬿żĽţȻĻһȭ¡¡ĺڷɽĵϡ
ͬˣͬɽ緢ˣͬɽѣ
𵴾þòϢļߵ˺ܾòɢҾδǰ߹һһɵ꣬ϵļ㣬Ƿһ㣬·ĳˣһ֮˭濴ڵӣȻ֪ʲôŽе֮
ǸĿ壬¶ֻ־ʯѹ棬һʱĵΰ
·ĿᶨһСɣԼҹ˵ʦ֣ߣСɣʦѩһǸȥ޳ŵˣ׽޳ϵļ˶ҾͲţ᲻ǵ
ҹۼ·޵ľܣҲмַʦϣ׶˵޳˶񶾵ر֮£Ҳ֪޳رûУȥȻ׶༪١뵽滹ʬδʦ޳ر֮ڣζܶ㿪ˡ¡˸չ޳ŵϽˣ޳ȥ
޳һƬƽϣԲʮĵطͬһСһ㣬ҲһˣֻһˣĿ빦Ǽа񣬸ɱΪ֣ʮ֮أ֮Ϊ޳Ѫ磬޳ɼ֮쵽ʲô̶ȡ
û޳ǰɭɭѾ·ܡ޳ӵһѪħ󣬻ʮ֮ء
·վǰܲܶһ׷ԲĴУܵĿ
˵һ壬էһ岻ǵȸߵѾɱŰ·һ𣬺һѾʮ׿⡣ļҹòˣѹ·˺˼
뽫ɽ飬·޲õڶУûжʱҲҹ΢һ񣬵һطȻļӳֵϣ˵һеѾﵽ׶ʮ׳ĹѹأѾԳһѪɫ
ڷǡ
޳ڣܵĴɫ޳˱档
ǰǿУûǰ棬޳ҲܸӦõϣ֮ǰһսڷֳһطȥ׵Ѿˡʱʬħ󷨣ָԼ
ôǸ϶ô
޳ʵ
˴ǣɽһʬô϶ͬʬأǸСӣŵĵͦаʮ׳
˵ţ澪춯صһ־죬·޳緭˹


387 
ʮף
·޽ط֮֮ʱһѾﵽʮ׿⣬ܲڰ֮⣬·޵巴ԵõСЩظӡ
飬ǰˣǰѾ޵еľط֮ԪҲа˳ɵܣҲѷλѾֻС룬һ𣬻Ǳǿɣط֮ӣ·ޱ֮ܣѾǵĲõóΰֲóΰܣ·һԵļصе֮ϣ֪㹻죬ЩӲܣѾ㹻顣
ΰ֮£ڻ
һߣϸֳһͷͨѪĵ꣬Ѫ
ϾѪһ֣ʮ޳ԼӳµѪħ󣬱Ѿԣڵһ£ʮ磬ʢһѪ·ǰѾһѪ
Ѫˡ
·޿а׵ĵ⣬׵ɵѪʵɱˣ޳ܺ͡ʱѪԣѾɱ⣬ǶѪĿȡ
̧¿Х·ЦӦܣԼѾˣҲһаŲ֮
ûؼô
ЦŻ
һ£
ûκ似ҲеκһУһ£Ųй֮Ųһ¡
䡭
Ѫ׵ı紵ɢˣѪţֱԶ
û⣬ǰĵͽˣȻ׳޳ڵƿһȡＸðˣĴҽӿ޳һΪ룬˱˴˷ɹȥûİ취ɽȾɽȣѷ죬Ǽ׿ȡ
˵޳ˣһһ̧ͬͷȥһһ˾ƮڰУһɫ£䣬ƽĶ˵ָ޳˵ļģ˭ָ·ҷŹ˭
ߣȴͷ޳ˣһĹ֮ܳ˻ǳԼ˶ŮҲԥ¾ʮͷԻ֮ˣָ·ޣָһڣŲǧ佨·һ۾ͿüǸΰȸκεĵص㡣
ȥûȻӵһѾеǰ⡣
޳ˣ
ף޳˱һͲʬȻʬڶˣʲôã˵֮ǰȫ֮˵ʬˣųˡ
·ۿףĶףֻҪ룬޳˾ûзӣŪһֻر
޳֮ɫͬ׵ĿݹǱޣĺͫ·ޣͫİ֮ϣȫѪ˿˻׵СӣѪħƾһ͵ʮء
·޿ƽû¶ȣ˵ر˷ɽϵĶҾĹ㣬ĹļˣȻֻ
·޺˵ݣ´Ҳûйھʱ˵⻰ʱǶУֻ˵˵ģƾһɽȣ˵Ļ㹻
޳ЦˣЦɥĲеðɱɣ⣡ֻȹزſɣ

׿ݹǱ޾޳ǰӱͷųĺ޳Ϊģɢȥۼ·ѾԶԼ޳һ֣ʩʬ
·һͺ˹ȥֻһһ߶ûùĿѪ棬޵һǱϣһڽڵĴִݹǣͻ˺ɫ۵ڿռɢȥ
һ׿ݹǱޣ޳ģֻж̶̵һֻβľ˲֪ԩǣһһ
޳һ̵ףһ˲䣬ԭص嶶֮Уһֻɫγطϣһֻʩųڰֻ񣬵ֻҲƬŪֱڱϵ¡
޾ʬѾ˰졣޳Цţһ壬˸ɫŰ˷·Χ£
·΢üͷ˵޳˵һ顣Ͽ޳ر˷ɽͬŵľ綾Ȼֻܿ޳Ż𣡡
ϣվ޳һ֮ļҹĿɿڴĿλʦܡ
̫ǿˣѾԽ˶ʦλʦܳǿߣ̶̰ʱ䣬֪ôģʦǰ˰ΪʦܵҲ̫ھˡ
վʮ޳֮⣬ҹһ͸ʵʰĤ壬͸޳ǾȻ·޵ʶһʱ·޽ƬԼʶ֮ڣСĽ䱸һпֵܳ޳رһ㣬ǲе޳ͽУ罫̡
һҲ䡣̫ŵ۵ĴڣѾ׹𾡣Ȼڵһ죡
µһ·ҪúŰһλ޳
ۼŨīʬѾ·м䣬޳ֳһݿϲ
Сӣֻʣһ·ˣʬһӰɣЦҹɰֲϵ޳ͽգһֳϲɫ
ҹһֲʬѾ·ްΧˣѹ˹ȥ
޳˵ЦͻȻס۾Ȼɴˣô¡
·Ʋǣ۾߼ٲţռŤȻּСһģ׵Ĵһʹ˸ֻ֮֮Уɫļ̣ޣ͸ˮ죬ĺضأľ춯أڡÿһ֮УĽ֮תжٽϸ飬ֻǷâХ֮
·޵ͷһɫļĴͷϣǹһռ䣬ȶȻɨлתţҫ۹âĽ£ɫļһֻͬתšǹͬ޳ŵʬǺƺƵ֮֮֮һĵ·Ȼ֮䣬趯֮е·Ѿⰲ֮Դһ㡣еĸڴʱ˿̣ﵽ۷壬·Ŀ޳ˣͬһֻϡ
ֻУֻһ˲£ͽ޾ʬˣˣޡ
ֻʣ°˸Ŀɿڴķ뱾壬˳֮⣬ֶɫͫ׸Сóһ㡣
޳ڣһƬһ˿Ҳûˡ
޳˴˵ʮϣô޳Ҫˡ


388 
ĺ٣ʮͬʱաʮ˳ͬÿе޳ǰ븯ͷ­֫֫ǣ淺ϣʬ
·ûջֻ壬ʶѾӦһ˿ΣգöߵĳѨòСġѾջʶ·޾һȭһֻ޳ҹȥ
䡭
ȭͷƿռѾͬɽλϱɫһͬӭȥֻҲĻӳһɷʮɷһ㱻һߵǿˡ·޵һȭѾ¡¡
䣡
һ֮£ڰһ̵ޣǱϵ£λһͬײ档е޳ȥ˺ˡѾޣɫ۳ֻƬ̾ͱˡ
·޺ͣһֻغ䣬ͬʱֻһֻܶһߵһͬɽ˺Ĵһ㣬Ť
ܶڴʱϣֵһѾ˰գƿһаͬһУһķɹȥغȴǴһ״һؼӳһ֮ϣ䵽Ѿ⿪ɽ롣
޳˴Уϱ壬ͬʱһֻ鵶ͬʱ
·˫ֲ䣬ǣܵбţӭʮ׳Ļ鵶
¡¡޳˴ɵ˫ۣ̻Ϊޡһ飬ڵȻиУ޳Σ˳֮⡣ǰ꣬Ƭ֮䣬ΪͱˣȻ޳ŷһףҲǰð޻ԭȼǸꡣ
ǴҪģҪǣ·ޣľˣ
򲻹
λϣչᣬ˵ȫԶ޳ţѾٸҶս·˵Ķ޳ˣգôⶾ
޳˺ٺЦ￦ֱ죬ı̧ͷɱܡ
·һ飺ôⶾ
Ƭ̣һȭǰӿһ㣬ȭףһȭһ㣬Х
һֻٿȻˣ޳ɫ΢һҪջطȻȻһɺ꼫ʶȻһʱջء֮£һʹ˵һȭѾ˷֮ϣâһ֣ȥĺ˲ʧ֮С
ôⶾ
·ڿк
ҹ鼤·Ѿ⡣
޳ֿ죬ֳѪĿŭ񣬺óһֻںɫ
޳رһֻһֻȴ͵ıףһͬʱ𣬼ܻ޳ѾѪ
ЦţѪ࣬ЦҹޣеСӣݣ޳رƣǸϣˣʬǿɽ⣬㻹һ᲻Ӧɣ
Ц糤һ˱ɫλ޳Ŵϣٴηˣеı׵Ŀ⣬Ѿޱȣ
·֪һ˿Σöһ˿ΣѾǵһ㣬ͷһһ֮ʦּҹ·޳޳˵ģرƣǲţʱеķŭȴصһء
ʱٲԥ·˫Ͼ٣˵һһǰǴ󡭡
޳ЦȻһͣһ죬۵һڻǾѪ絽֮ϣڵɱǰļöںɫıס
һʱռ˲һͣʮ޳ͻȻĴһֹ״̬֮Уֻö󲻹һյССףƬֹ硣
Σգصѹ·ɫѱ䣬еѾʮ⣬˫̧Ͼ٣ϵĿѪȻعͷ˫Ϲһֳһ˿
·ͷȻ׹öףκζȥģʲô棬ֻһǾף硣
ԽۿҪӵ֮ϣ޳˽ʮչᣬѾ˳һ֮⣡ϵЦ⣡
޳֮£ɢӡλϸڣ˳⴦ųϻڷеıס
Ѿɵǰ·˫һ˲գʧ˫֮䡣
ıһչ·ٿȻ֮䣬˳ףһ̧ۣǰıףѾѪȻ粽룬ոնԶ·˳ףȴͬͬһ㣬ͬʱһص㡣
·ĵһˣ
Σ֮Ѿǵض׾Լʮװˣתۼ
ģ·һȭȭһ˳ȭ⣬ȭײöСС塣
ģȭ۵һ죬ȭѾ֮ϡ
֮⣬޳˷Ц֪һѾˣûʲôıǰš
ҹɫ
·һԼעزȥɽˡ
ϣ޳Ȼӡ
ȭһײ΢ĵ⣬ɷݳٿرͬһһ㣬ʩҷŻ⣬ռ䣬ٶȲ·޿쭶Ϣ֮䣬Ѿײ·޵֮ϡ
ҹһ۾ˣ
䡭
ǰɹââһ֮ʱһλ֮۵Ĵ۾һϾɲͬʱԶڼﴦ޳ˣ۵һѪһ׶ԶһЦԪѾʣ޼ĵ׵ǿհһƬֵˡħ˵
ĿͬһƬ⺣
·޳˱֮أ
ģͻ
񱩵Ȼʵʰסˣ
˾ͬѰֵĿȥ
һУһ۵УƬһ
ô£˴ͷˣ޳˲ŵĶ¾ǰһУֽŶ΢΢
ҹ̧ͷ𺳵ĿǰһĻ
ֻλ֮۵ĳϣĬĬתϢԶȥ
޳ŴӴ˲ˡи̾һܽһ̵ס꣬ڣƣעĽɸ֮ʱ
·ޱ޿ɱܣʹù񹦣һ죬ıף븹ڣ
Ȼ޾ں俪һ̣·޾Լö׺ˣѿ
תеѹȥ׵ĺ꼫ܣܣؾ޽еķһ㣬һأױ˲䣬ѹƣƿֲѹϣͬǧ·չȡ
ǲǿѹ£ӵĿ񱩡·޼֮֮ȡӦ׻ͷ·һѵľɥ֮ô
ȻȻγɵתԽתԽ죬ؼķȥһֻ̣޷ֺûڵϵ޳ˣǱλ˶ҪԭλڳϣɵҲֻ˹ͬ˿һĴݳٻ֮С
£·ޱĿ֮ս
âһʱڷʲô޳˿ǣǸ·޻ûûԼı׺ûɢţԼ־ûɢ
Ѿ˵޳ˣ뱼ȥټһǲʬǸȥһٲõˣʬƬҪףҲȻʬǰڷ
һ޳벼̣ʬһ˹ʹ絶һ㣬ʧشԪ֮⵽˶壬Ѿտգ᲻Էʬһ֮£һ޳ˣϳһ굤͸ڰУָ
ף޳˾ųԪƶɵı̱ڱ·֮ڡ
ţȻڰ֮Уµ֮ϣλ޳ŴѾڵϣû˰ڡ˿ȫ·ˣҲߵͷ
תѾüǸͷ֮е·ޡ
ţ
Ԫһ̣Ͼ׹£һʱ֮˭ҲǰǶԣѾɲ⣬ܽ׶̽еģǿ˵ļһ᲻и춯صľٶ
һʱ֮䣬ûǰ޳ھҲü


389 
˺һᣬͻȻһ˴б˳ĿªƤ΢ڣһĺݳȴ޳˵ĶӣƣѾ޳һطۼͷ׵ıԪɣʱעܵУĻܳס˼壬Сд֮ʱȻĲܣȫʬݳֳһѻ鵶һչһ˫ᣬ·޷˹ȥ
һգһ֮ļҹ뱣סʱ˿̵·ޡ·ûܱ׺飬Ȿϲʱȫϣϵ·һϣȻԼӲ޳ȥˣ֮֮ʦ֮Ҳ취ģ˵Ӽҹ˵ҲͬԼ֮
һҲͷˡ
˾·ͷ֮ϴһҹΪҪ߳Է࣬Լʬܲƽʱһ룬ּɵԷɭɭʬ³ˡ
ƴӲϻʱʱһУ˵һѽ׳Ļ鵶ɷ֮
λϣʲôʱٲ֣޳ˣܺõô
Ƴȹ˶
ǰƣƲ˵Ҳ·Ѿ֮Уʱ޻֮һﾪˣһ£Ȼ𼸰ֻᣬ޳˷׷״Ӽ֮⣬·޳˹֮أգ֮䡣ҹһƣѾﵽ˼ޣֻʱϵ¡ƹˣٵ·ͷ֮ϣʱ˿·ͷϵľ޴ȻջڣȫŵеһԪϣԵԶջء
ʱѾмֻŻХ֮е·ޣ
е·ޣȻ
âǣҪ䵽·ϣΣյѹó޳Ԫ·ޣһ
ǲܶͷϵļֳ˾ϲ֮ɫ
Ц˽еȥɣСҵĵɡ
˷Ц
ۿ·޾Ҫٵ֮£
أһϷһѹϵöռָٿ֮䣬λ񼶵İ͸ޣռָ
ߣȤǣǲ֪õô˺ĵЦϣûһ˿¶ȣͬʱСצһ޾ˮ׽СצϾ£գۼ䣬кһӨ͸ıɽצ֮ϡͬʱȻ˳ȥ
ɽȥһЩʱ䣬ʱȷȴλԴӲıսʿǣ
ΰͷ­ֱ˴ײ˹ȥ񱩵ĴԳȴʿȭȭǹ׿ռ䣬ܣȴλǿģ
䣡䣡䣡
һײ·ͷϰ״չ
ۼѶ޳ˣ˺·ðͳ˸󾪣ȻСӻһ֣
ͳ˾֮
һĻ鵶޵ײУжʱһţ
ͬλ񼶻սȴĻ䣬͵սȺԶȥˣ
ս
˺Сצϵıɽɽ㹻һ棬·ǰβ벽·ѾڳɵۣһҲֻǻصԭ½£ȵλ޾ƴҲ¡
еˮֱ˺պľֻóӨХɷ磡
λҹƴѪսһߵ·ȴʼղߵѾվػ¶ò˶ãӦſ۾ˡĴ󷨣ѹڵģ޳ԪıףСıвǰ
սң˺ôҲûʲôȴǽеķֻһ似ſ죬׵ľ޳ȥҧɶԷֱӵײȥþ޳ײԷ鵶ϣ˫ðѪ⣬շתλм䣬е֮⣬͸Ҳ΢׵Һ̬ڿлޣǾļԪˣĳȻˣһ׳ҵƴɱš
ԳΪ˵ãĴȭױȣһ͵סʮˡ֮Ƶ·ǰΪս
⣬ҹѾƣڱеĿұ춼óˣսپ˭֪Էɷ֮ɵĻףȻηĵ棬භ֮£ѹƵʬٴηɫףԽսԽֽŷʹѡ
һʹ࣬߹󣬼ӽϹ鵶Ҫһ˶Է
ʱչɫ޳ˣȻڰͦ˫һɣССͫ׹
ʱ޳Ͽգ඼޳˵ˣһһŮλС檣󣬶ʣµļλϣͲ֪٣ɿսΪ˱仯޳˷սţλѹء
޳˷·ǰ˲Ƭ̳ɣó·ҲѾʱ̣һпЦٷ޳ž㳹׻ˣ
׿ݹǱѻ٣һΣһѻ鵶ʣط뱾޵һļӳڻ鵶ϣһǣʮ⣬ȻĶ·ޡ
ҹһܺȻ̣Էѩó׵ĵˣһܵˡѷļҹҲֲ֧ס۵һںѪ߷ݣһͷ°ա
Ҳۼ֮Ѫ޺źɫ飬ȳ˱ǣ֪Ѿ˼ʬ˲һѾͬ·߱ƽ
һǰһ󣬸ͬģͬʱӳеĻ鵶
¡¡
޳˵ĵЩܱȵ˵ģʮ׵ĵһʮ׵ĹâһȥĵڵʵʰţͬõһźĻ
ɣǷǵˣվ޳ǰλá
һλڣùһҲֻˣ
޳ǰˣֻзǶǰƵ壬޴׳
һþòɢٱĵȥ
䣡
鵶ײ֮ϣҲˣʮ˲ѣǵȥһӴһ֮󣬺׹棬ãһ𣬱ҳ
ͬʱ·޺󱳵ĴԳȭɽ𣬺ȻײƵĻ鵶ϣ޴һϿڶȭɵĺȥ
ƾȻĶ֣ļ룬ƴ䣬Գ֧ţȭȥɽȴһ˴Ԫʧ
˺޳ǰӨóλ༫޳ˣ˺Цüûϣĵͷ̬޳Ҳһ⻹ǸôҲ̫ˣ
˲ûʱ˷ѣʮ׵Ļ鵶˵һ֮ξ롣
˺ܺˣ󲻹״·չ֮У㿪Ҳɵˡ
Ҳܶ㣬˺ͷһηԼĴ˼ѡӲӲλޣԷ۷״̬
ͷһ·ޣĵֳһݾ֮ɫûˣûϵĿռָΪһ̬³Ҳһġȥ
ֻһ·
Өƴȫٱײȥ


390 
ȻĶײսԶ˺һ̵Ʈһ飬̬ûЦ⣬߳Һ̬Ԫ΢ѪͫһƬȻһͷȥ
һһڷ֮ࡣ

ݳһЦϻ鵶һڣɷڵ
ùڼ񱩵ʹÿХ
ˡ
Գ˺һعֻһıϾʮÿλ޳ʿҲ޻ܵһʮƥıƤëһĵ⻹ƿƤ⣬Ԫ΢ɢȥ
춯صĻ𣡴ԳѪͫ·ޣ˵Ҳվˣû취ٰˣ
ۿ·ڶʮ׵Ļ׹ȥٶ죬޵˵ĵ⻹׷Ȼƿĺ󱳡
Գ˲ʧȥʣӴڵ£ɽأĳþò
޳˷Цһչ鵶ֻһգ۾͵˵档ЦٴξٵɭɭĺɫɷԶ׿ʶԶһΣҪһ鷳
һ£
Ŀͬʱ䵽һϡ·ޣڴԳԳʧľۿȻͬһԼӤһ㡣Զ˺еĶ͸Щ಻⡣ѡ·ޣҲû뵽֮ɵۣ£һŬҲˮһ㣬չ۶ˣпһ·ߵ갮޽ӡȴһ񣬾ÿϧˣһ˪۾ûиݡ
˼һת۵£޳ٱĵѾ޵䵽·֮ϡ
䡭
һйƽ
޳һƬ˫۾һϣȻĵ޳ɫҰܣһ˳⡣
ڴԳ·ſ۾Ļ޳˿еطһ

ˡ
ͺֹͣˣ·һƬУվ˿ϵλ񼶻̬ޣ˺ĵЦţǳ޸йֻԳޣ
ҪˣϵԪţõĻѵڲҲ˵Ŀ·޻ţ·УȻмͬĺһĿ
طѾ·֮ڣֻȫ޳ǰ˳ɵԪǿ̶Ⱦѷڷĵһط֮
Ӧڵɲ⣬·һŰŰ䵽޳ڵϡ
ХһģϷ׿ʮ׳ĵñĿѪͦأȻζϵĵ֮ܲ⣬ĵ£޷ڣѹγһյشȻγУѾԳΪһ磬һһе硣
޳ңǿĶǰΨһ񣬵Ȼ޴棡
·ֻӳһСг֮ϣ֮һк˹ȥһȴû޳ˣԶ˴ԡ
޳˶ڼ⣬һ뿴һɷˣ˭Ҳû뵽λһվѾдͻƣ֮У˭Ҳ벻·ȳֵĿ꣬ȻˣȴվһˡǴ˾ǲᣬλ޴սʿ
ǵذС֮ѾܿʮˣеҲγ鵶һͻޣֻһ˲䣬֮ڣ淭
·һ֣תѾͬһ֧۰һ˻ʮҲ֮У˹
Хƣ·޵ͻȻ̫ͬŷ壬͵ĺ⣬ﲪһ浶һֻȴǰһһתһر֮ڿռ䵴ػֱֱĴӲ£γһ֮ϡ
ֻѾֻܿأתǬأ޾ߣ⻪˶Ŀ
ৣ
·ǰļʮˣͻȻĿ࣬ľȻı仯̨ͬһξ
Ѫڷ롭
ָ⿪ʼѪ⾡Ի΢ϷɢȻƣֱۣëֳһɭɭ׹ۿһ󶴣­Ҳɫ̣ɢڿС
Ƭ̣ʮ˾ԭʧˣ·޵ǰһѪ޳ٴ˳ף޳Ÿֶ֮УҲгȿֲ֮£ֻԼ뿴űǲͬģοǼʮ˶ھӢһˣŮ
Ҳʹ
ǰ
˺Ȼ׹·ʲôˣЦ˵лл·۳ȫվ
ҲǼԵģٵùļһҲڷ£ֻдԳʧЦЩΡ
·ޱصԴ½ٸԳ˼ʮٲ֣ҪɢֻסǿУ޳ڣʼΪλ񾭻̬޶
ˮ£·һһٶ׵ľ޵һֻ¡ŷ뿪ƬѪ֮תλϿգȻһȻʢѪ֮ÿһͻȻӨӨĹԣʹǿȥͬԪ壬˺Գȥ
ǵĽ䣬λ̬ް͸壬Ȼܾͬһ㡣ʹ֮ɫܵģλڷ͹У¯֮ڣÿһ΢ɼ΢ϣһ
λѪȴҷÿһԪ£嶼һϣƬռѾվ̨˯޸ûʥá
ͬһװΣڣѪţ⡣һжͬξ޳ڵڶʿľһ㡣
ʱţλ¼ǰѾһĹǼܡȻһ㣬ѪɣõʺѪҺŽĤ𣬼⸲ȥƤξͿٵö࣬ɿһԴԵë
һӵʱ䣬ڳˣȴƺ䳤͡
һᣬ·˹ڰգһӣ֣λݵޡ
˺һѩİɫıëҲǳǳһ㣬ʮ׵ֻǰצϸ欵þɫ㡣
һɫëʵ˵˫ۣƽ˳羴ϧͷ˺ۣ֮ǰµģҲû޸
·οǣԳڻǻ˹ʮ׵ȻëƤ˫ͬһ㣬࣬۾Ŀ·ޡԣ۾ȷʵСЩǻ۵Ĺ⡣
·̾ĿԼĽһʱ˼á˺ȵߣܣܵô
·һͷȻλ޳ͷһķſ˺꼫ʶȻʮ⣬һԼڿ񱼡мչһ˫Ǽͷϡλ޳ڼǰһĻͷǡ
ļˡ
·ȫŵʱеɽ޳ˣ͵͵˼ˣˡ
·߹ԭƮڵѾܹУٶȱʤһࡣٿ֮䣬·޷˹ȥ
£ȵһλȼͬʱ
޳ܳʮͷ˸ʩչмܣջعͷһѾǰĿ֮䣬λһֱŰȡֵķӣԼĵľһ̵ķŭӻóһֻСƿֲƿĿЦĶ·ޣһʱûóȥ֪ܲҩҺλѾصļһϡ
·ЦţϵôǷɽĻɽ󣬾ǱССһƿˡʱǸСѾͷޱ
·޳ˣһϷֻһأѾһˣȴλһƣĶʦּҹڴʱ·УͬӤۿ޳ˣΨһĶӾ͵·ϣһѹȥѪʶ·޻ٻˡ

޳۾ˣеСƿٲһӳ·ͻȻץӹԣһѵĻܡСƿ·뻳Уͷų鵶ľҪϣ˭֪˵·Ȼ·ӳһֻССܡ
һֻף


391 ɽ
ֻƺͬ׿ɱȡ·Թ˱׵Ŀ࣬һ֮£ˣһ˼˲£˳֮⡣̧ͷʱֻײûиڵϣȻը
öͨסĿʾ㹻ģһߡ
·Щգ޳Ѿܵò֪١
·֪ȥ׷ҲȻƣһءһзɹȥʮ޳˵ļ˾ͱ·ôйţһ޳
ɢӣ޳ʣĶЩͽʿλ޵׽һѣǿţǶλ籼ܣץӡ
ʮˣ·޴һһӣ飡
һٶ׵ٴֶˣݵڰգ·һ㡣
֮ڣܵ޳ˣһֹͬεѹѾѹϣǰһûˡ
ʣ¼ˡ£һơ
·ʱΪʦּҹˡ
ҹܵĻǼصʬֻЩ𵴡
·һѹƣǹɶѹһţټһ˰ʱҹָ
·޵Ŀ䵽λϡίڵϣɫʶͷʹѡ
㣬ýҩ
΢ȴֳһӵı飬˵ɱҾǣֶҩɽ⣡ҵĸŪȥ
·޴󾪡ץһ˹ȹص˵ô˵ˣҾȥιһָλ֡
Ǻϵ·޸ģâĵ
һ£˵ҾǸ˰үү֪۹һбо䵽һλ˴иϣ·޿ȥмɫŸǻùݣ˵һλ޳˵ҡʾԳץ˹
ǸŮҲǿԳһֻţʹúˮֱӲǲ
·޿Ҳתͷһӳ͵һǰֳһ˿ڣѪ˳
ҪǸ˾״Ľ·Ҳٴλӳ͵һǰѪע
˻еˣס֣㣡
·۵͵ϣһ
неſ㣬нҩҶӷˡһʹˮ乶¡
·˵ֻҪҩǸ޳رĽⷨҲɱˡҽⷨҾͷˡ
ǸԹ޵ĵһۣ޵ˣҩ޳ڣ޳ܽ⣬ɷʦɱ˶ûãɷԼҲûеġΪʦʲô˽ҩôɽȥҡ
·ͷһмǸ˵ĻǷԡ
վ·Զ쿴ȥ֪ж̤ϻԴɽ·ڵΪսλ̫аۣѾ˼ְգ𻹴ˣĸ⹫һˣɺˣֻùƼ޲һ̣̤Ƭȥ
Զϣ졣
ɽ
ɵļǧӢʿɽµĿյϡһƣ֮ɫ޳ŲµʬˣͼϣʱͿǸ޳ŵرѾǹ˷ɽʮķԲȥǸҪ˷ɽһƬ
ɽ֮أʵʥأһ٣ûʮһξӢķɣҲٲڣʧ޷
ɵǧˡ
ʣλϣǽֱʮλӢеλ˹ҼǧӢҲеһ֡
߶Ǹرϱɫ˺һΣٱһٽ˷ɽײȥȻУضɽҡ㣬ȴֻرûܺ䶯ֺ
СɼǰΧһڴǰһֱλСʱĿԣ׻Ľ
ô£ǿѩʵ
޿ѹӢʯӵ𺳡
·ʦܴĵΣȥ׽޳ļȥˣҩѩ˵Ƿ
ظһ飬Լȥ޳ЩţľٶǷϣҲҪ˼˼ղȥҲҪöࡣ
޳˼ҼſڡЩ޳ʿͨʿܱȵģ似һص޳ˣʮλϣ˵ɽ󲢲ڷɽһˣܻŻôõĽ»Լӻء
ʲô
˽һѭȥϣһȻ
һɽ
һɽ˱շС
һСɽվŷżˣܰˣʿҹȻ˵Ĵȴ޳Ź߳װɽǣһλޣʮʮ׸߶ȡһվɵļҹܵ
޳Ϯ
Ŀ۵ɽ֮¡
һ޳壬չһ˫׵ľ޴Сɽһӣǰ׾롣
·ޣ
λչصꡣʿ˳
һʱ䷽ɽѻȸĿ׷ĶֱڵϣһֻСɽһֻ˹ȥ¡¡죬ϵ־ʯȻʵеȥϲð
λҹȺ޳ŵͽʿʮλ޳˵ļˣ֮ڡ·ŻϾʯֻСɽȻɽȥ
¡¡ֹСɽֱɽףһ·Ϸƺˡ
ع·޿һλˣ΢΢ͷ˵źáߵСߣС̽ӡ
·ɵݣйݴģͷһ󲻿졣ۺߵһߵѩ·ҲͻȻӵܣ
ʱתͷһǸŵ޳رһһͲƵ༤
Ҫȥ޴޴вֻʱԡ
΢һͷ˵Щ˶޳ŵʿ𣿡
·޵ͷ˵ǵģϧ޳ˣ׽ļˣýʦ޳رѾһһҹˣ֪ô
˵ܸӦϢӦû¡
·ϹһѹԶ˵Ը޳


392 
ǺȻʵ·ޣʲôΪط񣿡Ȼûͬ޳˽֣ԷΪ˵õİ֮ΰǾ벻ףƾһ·ô޳ִɥĲ޳ʿģѵ˵Ѿλط˵ø
·˵λޣȻҲŻ⵹ʵûλȣ·ɥ޳ˡ
ǿȥڵ棬˺Գǣλݣǽʮ׸ߵľΰޣһӾ̾ΪֹλѾﵽһ˵õĸ߶ȡ
ʱ˿̣λ޶ű˴˵壬ȫӦ·޸ǵѪ壬λϲлԴɽÿʮͻλΪﵽ޶ȥͬ·һ·ٴĻᣬ˵֮еˣʱ˿̣λ޶·Ѿ׳Ϊĵͬ顣
ٴΣҲͬ·վһͬλһͬսҲκɡ
ǳ·޵ͷ˵ܺãܺãܺã˵飬תȥ
·üͷһ壬ĵһ˿
ѩ߰ɡͷҲص˵
ѩ£Сλүүƴӣʱ·ޣһҧ´Ƭ½ȥ
λǮȻҲȥ
ɽ֮ϣֻʣ·ԯСɣʦּҹλޡ
»ϣд㡣Ҳúˣλ޲ŵõҲǱҪԶġ·̧ͷԳȥԳһЦɽȥ߹ʮ׵Ӵʧҹɫ
Ƭ̼أͷҰţܻҰţѪ졣˺ŪÿҹָտһᣬɽƮ
λǴڸ֮λһ㣬£ͷ²ˡ
ҹ˯ڵ֮࣬λ޷·ࡣ˫Ѫͫһգգ⣬·ޡԴӳΪʵޣλԸҲûҪٻصռָ֮ڡ
·ڵ֮һͻĴʯ֮ϣ֮УһҹɽеϢܵһ˦ǣһתͶ
Զɽ£и߳á
һǰС˵ţ˻ǸһŲϵǳʮޣҲʬ֮
˵ɣҲΪһ˲ţ⼸ܳ˵ĻûС
˲šߣɳΪϣ˵°ɣϣٳˣɽһң֣ܵУҲˡǶԸ⿴ġ
Ǿתʣ˵зִ硣
ڶ죬û޳Ӱ޳رš
·һֱڰɽĴʯһ졣
ȥҲȥˣɽϳƵţÿ˶ڵȴЩž綾߸ļ٣ʱλһֱɽˡ·޼ʯһ㣬Թһη⣬ûٶ
ڳܵѹءÿһӶǼ尾һ棬ֲòӽΪ֮Ĵսӳ롣
죬죬ϵɽ·ޣҪҪ˷ʳˮ˸
ǣ·ͷ֮Ѿѹ˶㡣
ڰͷϣ峿΢һ۹
޳ˡ
֮䣬ɽȺ鼤ôãǿʱ˷ܡ
޳ͻĴۣ۰׸ӵˣѪ˿ȥͬһֻѪͫ·ҲòһƬѪҺžһսһ㡣ڰ֮ϣһ˫΢չЩ˭Ҳĺ
¶ЦֻѾﵽʮС޳رֳֵ⡣ɽѾһ뱻ȻڱΡ
޳㻹ˡǲϰ죬俴
޳бһۣû˵Ҽء
·޴ȥ·Ȼվִʯ֮ϣͬʯһ㣬˵ĸоѾͬɽΪһ塣
޳۾һֳصԹ֮ɫһչɵ·ͷ
ʱ˿̣λʿѾչԵķΧڵġ
޳˻벻⣬һľ֮ɫ·ͷȻ˵СӣҿҵļˣҸʦ
·˵ȷʦ
޳ڵ˫ۣٺһЦȻΧʿǣЦ˵һֻһۡ
·һ̬Ⱥ״̬ܲ⣬Ȼܴǣһ֮ⶼĵһֻȭͷ̧ȭӿȭ缤ſֻǿ˵ؽױȭָµĴʯ˵޳ҽǸĵؿӣֻȭͷģʦȻһȭȥٿˣһܴ𣿡
޳һңȻ죬ЦЦף￪⣬ǷǵһЦþòϢεͷ˵·ޣ֪⼸һֱ
·˵ģ
ɽ޳˵
ɽǲظһ顣΢΢ɫ׹ħ
ٺ٣ǰ룬ϳܰңеڶô޳˵СҳĵӣʵΪӣ
ǵȻ᲻֪һ㣬˵ȥ׹ħ۾տȥֱȷûеڶˣŰһڳ
޳˵ЦҲ֪ˣǵɲһֱţôˣ㻹̬ȶôҼˣȻ常׹ħһûٿ̫Ŀ÷ϵǷ
һͣ˵׹Ҫô
˵أ۸ɥ֮Ȯ˼Ϻйôһģ·޷Ҽˣ
طһ֮ȴأҲȥ⣬׹ħ֮
Ҫǣ׹޳ɺǾͷʹһ¡׹ħ˵˷ָĵز˵޳ȴǱħɽŵġ
ǳ˵޳Ѳ׹£̧˼һƱô
޳˹Цȴ˵ǣ˵öԣͲٻȥȣ˵֪˼Һҽ޳ܶˣСˣ˵ȥ˼ĶУΪ̳ܽĵӣüѪǰȻֱҡҵ𣬾˼Ҵġɽ£һ죬˼ÿһƣһعһΡû취Ҿǰ鱦ԣģ㾡ܶ־ǣ޻أν
޳״ħ˫һ֣¶Źһţëףһֻڻ
֣һ˫Ҫ


393 ħ
˫һͷȴһƬ
˾֣һɱ˴ˣ֮ҲͲԶˣλ׹ħΪؽխһ޳һƣ콫ɽ
磬ħߴţϵߣ˵
һ֮Ҫɣͬһֻơ
ҲΪʲô޳ϣףϰ֮ˣǰʬ󣬹ɽһΪȴֻǽ⼸ǧӢ˷ɽ޳ŵԭ
пɽ
ɫ࣬תۿλվڴʯϵꡣ
޳ȻЦޣһ˵ʦˡƽû¶ȣڳ˿˹ȥ·ޣȭضߣʯѾ
޳˵ɴ۾վһһ˵㲻Ǹ֮ˣ常ͽˣˡҽ·ޣ㻹ǷҼ˰ɣȻʦֻһ·Ǿ
һһ£þöӣһ·޵ͷ˵ˣŹʦ
޳˵ͷоȻûеϡ
֮ˣ˵һжǰλ͡
·޷˫һ֣һ־ʯķɳ֮⣬¶ڶĿӿŶڣżˣһһ
ңĶԻ޳˵˷ޣĶƣȴһų͡
ޣ֮ϣ޳˺ȵ׹ħȴǸţϵͽһɽһȢˣһһŮŮ޳ȥʣĶӡ
֮£λסᣬ̧ͷеףɵ£ܸ
޳˺ٺЦԶӣҾٿһۡ˲°ɣ
΢üͷ˵û£ʦүڣǲ㣬ǽҩһؼҡ
޳˿һЦ˵ǲҰѵôġʦҪǾûа취ˡֻһûõ㻻ȥ
޳˵һâֱǣȵôҷϣףҶһǱߣҪһ仰ǲһԾ˵⼸ˣϼˣҶԲҪֻҪҶӳȥ
ǳƬ̣Ȼ˵ɺϷ޹أ޳ϣʦͽ֮£·ɡ޹ءֱⷬ˵üޱȣԼҲ̬ŤϷ죬һӢ⼸仰֮ˮ
Ļܿͻ˽֪ġ
һŵķظ֣Ϊ˲׹ħ׷һƵ˾أ
ǧʿһ봹ͷȥ̾ϢǵķڣҲᵽ˵ز
ĿⶼԼͬ䵽·ϣʱ˿̣·Ѿ˲ʲôɽʲô׹ħˣһֻʦö룬·޵ͷ˵ֻҪرʦٽǼϵĶ񶾡ҿܷҹӡ
·޵Ļ޳Ƭ̣˵·ޣֻһ£Ƿʦûʲôҩ
˵ʲô·˫üһһߵСɣϵܲȻըõ泾γһСС
޳˲ȻһЦ˵ѰʬҵȻнҩȥɽʬʵؼʦռģȫЩ»ǣεؼ֮ռ󣬲ŵôһСƿˡûнƽҩͱСͽܣҲң͵͵óˡٺ٣ƿɽɽ֮˼ǰռϵԪǿǱ޳ǿϰٱĺöϧ㲻㡭޳˳̾һ˵һ͵˼Ҳд˱Ӧ·ޣֻܷʦֻԼ취ˣҿܸ㣬Ҳƴ˵ıһ˵·˴룬ʱ۾һæʵʲô˵
޳ֳһ˵ҿ˵ֻ㻹ûӦҵƶ
·޵ͷ˵ھͿߣֻ˵ĲʵץҲӲԶ
޳˵ͷ˵·ޣղȷɡ
·޳λƻ֡ƾ죬Ȼͣȴ޻˼֣ʱһչһ˫ᣬķɵߡڰԣԡ
ǧԿգλ˿޵ڵϡ޳˶һûС
ӣһ仰ܳΪǿģͲҪ޳˵
ƵţɽϵһһȥĿ·ͣƬ̣һչ˫ᣬԶȥ
񿴹˱ֻôҪһӰЩѾ͵͵ڰ·ɱʡġʱ˿̵ķɽ˭Ҳ˵Ҷ
޳һֱӰֱˣתͷ˫ֳһɫ·˻е·ޣֻ˵һ飬Ҫˡ޳Թȴһɻ̬ʦ˵ֻ֮ˮɻ֮ҿָط㣬Ĳ׺֮㵽ȥɡ׹죬нҩҲֻܰﵽ㡣
·ͷһʵм죿
޳Ц㹻죬һҲǲ
ٴԶǸʧĵط֪Ѿӳ˵ʶ֮⣬ȻЦޣűеʦҵ常úݵģӱΪһƬɽû뵽ˣһθͷˡ˵žԭأţȥ·˵һǰԣͷʦ·ޣ֪ԵǸ׽ʲôô
·дʣ˵ʲô֣
޳ЦסһָֻѾڱ˰յ޳ر˵֪߷ʲô𣿡
·˵ֻ֪ôʦ
޳˹һЦ˵ͽ޳رʦһֻֻ֮һֱͷ֮ѪѪõĻÿһλҪҵͷ֮ιұͨ˵ҲԶڣʦΰŻ˭ܵС·ޣݲңҽ첻ҲҪˣֻҪ˵ã㿴ˣҷʦ
ЦУһǰ·¶ŹƵţһȻһֲֻأƿ⣬ֱ࣬÷ɽ˱ɫ˫ͻѪ˿ɲǲ˫һڵˣѪͬСߣڱ棬ʱ˿̣˫üһϺˮ乶£ȹһ۵Ѫ񽦣һִֻϲ˳


394 ر֮
޳˫һʧǻѪӿ֮ϣǿ˶΢΢Ц޳þ޳ر˹ȥ
སѪռѪһߣײһ֮޳ر֮ϣ۵һرһһƬѪӿǰٻƣԽԽرͬʴһ䣬˲伴ȥ¶ɭɭĺ֮ӿܿü治֪жٺѪٰ׹ǣһƮرͳ״ɢڿУõǰĵ׵Ŀ޺ЦܸܵǹϵŰģԹ֮ëȻ
̺رҪȫȻƿҲҪһӲпܡ
ŨɽǧʿһҲû龰Ŀɿڴԭأֻе֮ҲҪˣ뵽ϣ׾Ȼҹ֪ڻʲôӣͻȻһֻͷҲ֡
޳һףֻ۲ʵĿϷһͷ߿գ䵽棬Ƶ
أλҲһͬ赹ڵء
ʱط·һϷƱãռ䶼أʱռ·ͻȻסˡȻѹֱѹʿͷѹ쳣
һ羪׹죬ڿӹޱ޼ʵɢӣúãҺˣ³һң׹ӣֻ׹ˣԼϾͲɽӺ󣬻úûϵˡ
ͨϰ˵زʶˡ
ɫܲ˳
޳رԽԽ󣬵ﵽʮ׺ȫ̱ɽϱĺ˲ûˡǰϣǸţ˵Լţȡʿʶһռݣһ֮սʱʿǰðһŲ̵ףɭ׵ͷǣÿһǵ֮ɫʿ⧲Ͻս֮УһнսĹʹӶʶӿ룬ʿԴ˵أپͲˡ
·ޱСɣںмرĴȥ
ǿڰԶˣĴȻһۿʦϣסʱ˿̵ϣ״ۣѾرĴƱڶڵϣɫ԰ף˫Ŀ΢ϣڵϣָ֮С
·޹ĵܣɢߵ飬ʶ̽ȥʱ˫һ죬ʦ𲻿ܲһɣʶҳһšҪǣʦУӿļѾ룬ϣ׵ȫܶڴ˵أƴѹơ·ֹȥʦָȴʦܻ˵·ޣ㲻ðңסɣҲУ㽫һսʦͽȫһս֮¡
·һ㶣׹ͷعλȻǴʱӲ·ҡȻĿ񱩵Ȼѹǻʮףݿ
ʱ˿̣رѾȫƿޡһգƵ紵޾ĳƲɢʣʧؼعһƬƽ
ǧʿǧ˵ز𣬵֮ǰܼ֮֮İҩʿȴڵĴӵԾ˫Ѫ죬Ϻ˻ţ磬ߵͬҧȥ
Ǳ˵ʶڻǱᣬĹǵ壬һĿꡣ
ɽϵʱңʿܲգܵϣֹͬսһĹ룬Էܴǣܿͼˡ
·޽СʦʦּҹŵȦڣԼλΧСĽ䱸
һֱһʱֹϢǲòʮͬŵӣҲǷ׷׳֣ڷɽϣѾǧɾӢǰȣɵʵתС롣
һ٣޳ŵ˴ʱҲܵøɸɾˡɽֻʣ¶ǧʿ·һˡǮԴʿ֮УûٻصϣߣΪ˻飬Ѿ˲ͷ
ϢȥͬšˣƬ̣ϣʦͽȥ
ʶ̽ԣϣ׵˭óڰǰ׹ħò˶ã׹ͻɣʱɴʱ̡
ֻһ취Ǿǽ·ʦͽƳȥһйƵʦͽϣ
λֱһڣɣʧֻ
ολ·޲ף
һｻڵͷǧʿƬ֮䣬·ʦͽΧ˵ġ
·һţʦСɵȻصɽȥԼԵĲ׺ȥѰ֮֮ˮڿ֧еڵЦˡѾݲòʦͽˡ
·̾˿߹˵ҪʦȥѰҩÿɡ
ѩүүʱС԰ףүү˵үүȥɣʿҩ˻д󰭡
˵Сӣ졣·ް⣬վɵλӢ
ǷλػɽǰոЩ
·޻ͷʾλޱʦٻʱ޵Ѿǰ
Ǻһ˵·ޡҲ̫ˣлɴ𣡡
ǳصڷɽǧʿΧ˷ŭ̸˹
Ƭ֮䣬·޾ͱǧΧڵС
·ͣ¶Сɵ̽ӣһ㶣̧ͷĿλһ֮Сһ糣ŶһֱѹڣһʱҲᷢʦǮǰһ飬˭֪Ǯÿˣվʿߡ
·ĵ׺һԵĿһλˣͻȻеЦЦ˳


395 
ŭȵ㻹ңĿлûɣûˣԴ˵޳þȥץ˻ⶼ̣ʦٲȴǷ˭ּǿʮ£㾹ȻΪ֮ȡϴ˷ԪҪиȻڣɹ棬ɭϵĽɣ˵ͬϷɽΰ硣ĴУܻҾҪ֪ЩǱصġ
·޵ͷҲΪλ˵ͷ˵ִ٣ҲԣֲñˣҲû뵽ۣǵʱϡԸֻܷǲ֪ɻô¡
ǳ˵ܼ򵥣Ԫȥû˭ҲԵõɵ
·һü˵Ҳ޵ֻû˵ѾɷԪٻȥ˵Դӵõϵķ·ΪѾҲỹȥġ
ܻȥô·˵ͬʱΧʿ
Ȼھͳɢ鵤֮ڣһԪȻػ֮ڡκϢ۶Զȡġ˵ѾܣȻɢһ⣬ͷֳһֻ۵
۵ı־
·ЦˣЦЩɬٶڣԼͬϵļ󣬾޷ͷսսս˵ˣٻڶûûˡ
ˣǷ͸˲ֹϢսⲻҪ
ǺǣҲģɰ֮ãҶġһ֮ƾڵΪǿù޳ʿ⼸ǧ޳ȣҲǿ϶٣ڣۣѾҵĶˣ
·˵üϣ˶ȴǶǳӡ
ǧʿем˺ȻĲܣҪ·޵ÿֱе츻һͬǰܴǣеܵ࣬ŭȵ·ģôӣͬ˭˵
һʱܵ⽫·м䡣
·һֻһϷŰĶˡ
طɣʵöʮ·޲ԼΪѣøֱӸ˵ķʽ߱ˣҾ㣬ֻ鷳ˡûһ˿ĲڿһСӡ
ʵ
Ҫȥ𣿡ʵ
·޻ҡͷ˵ڣʦͽ׸ħɣ벻һʱλɽĽͻϵʱģͲô˵ˡ֮ħ֮˵˵ȥǲʦͽˣģħԷŵϣ·ĳһһ˵óһ·ȻҾʹϿһ·
·һ˵һʻХֶˣǴ󣡼ľУ·֮УѾʮףͬһ浶룬֮ϣĿѪĵۺɷһȡһ֣ʿеܵһͬ꣬Ѿ׳Ƴ
شһɱִС
·޴ʱĵѾʦϣףطͳͳӳѵϣһܲΰ޵ѹѻٵˡ
Ѿ֮⣬Χ·Χʿ࿹ѹ
֪սڱУ·޵ˣ׹ħͲýսѾغɴܣط֮һӳֵеܵϣֹֱס鵶˼꣬ഫı磬ݣȻ׻ڵ֮ϣ˫ĿƶŰŹ⡣
ܲһ֮⣬ˮ
·ޣɴδ㣬ȴһǲ߳ɽʥˣְɣ
·Цˣٲϻӵ
һӳٿ֮䣬ʮ׵ĵĵ쵶⣬ֻһգ۰ˣѾɫ䣬ˣ
ĵ⣡
ˣ
ɽ£ϣ·޵ĵ֮䣡
Ѿ·޵ĵﵽյ㣡
Х£ĿѪХأɽ֮Ѿ˼֮ȡ
䣡
ͻȻϵܣ÷ɽϵһʿ𶯵羪κһ㡣
ĵһҲûģˣҲӵصĵ·ٴεΪ˳ǿеһλ̾ϣףͬһ֮С
ʵֹģʱ·ޣõλǰ˵Ԫֽ޳˴ﵽ˳ɵԪڵΪͲܱȼģ
Ǳ޿ɱܣ鵶ȥ׻캳صľ޺鵶ɽͦ
ͬʱģһֱλֱӢҲͬʱ׹һͬӵ鵶أͬ·޵ӵһ
𶯣𣬴ֻһ𣬺һͬ˷ֻһ鵶ڵѣλֱлȥͬʱһϲҰһƬ۵ͬʱѪ
ˡ
ǵ鵶ߣһطӱͻȻڵγһλǵ壬Ű鵶һͬȥ
䣡䣡䣡
ϵײУ·ջ˫쳣ƽһѾȷһ£סĽŲЦУ·޺ԥڶѾٵذ߿ȥڶ似ٲͨͨһ£еĵһߣ
֮䣬һͷβĿΰѪצȻɽɽ壬йȥ
ɫĵ֮£տٳһ·޵Ŀٿȥ
ǰа׵鵶ÿ׻ѾȫȻڵ֮ϣγǧʿԼͬһ£±ӡ˸棬һǧʿ£·Ҳûϵġ
´ɣ˫ü˫Ŀ纣
߶£ȴǷɽͷȻǷɽɽ壬Ϊɽ壬Ȼֱ£·ȫ֮£¡¡𶯣ײ˰׵鵶֮ϣֻһйһ˲ͣͣ괫е¾ɢһƬϼ⣬̻Ϊޡ
ڵſͷ˹ȥ
·磡һУ뵽㣬еǵ鵶ϼ⡣
ѩһѱסүүǡ԰һСſ·
ˣ
һͣͷһ״
񱩾޴ɽĿѪع壬ʮ׵ľ޴زסıŰĶŶˡƬѪ֪Ѫԣ˵ĵ飬ֻҪḩܽһ΢Сϵĵ֮С
ܼϵ·࣬һɫĵĺۼ
һ̾·ѾһǵѪ֮ģȻһջϵ⡣
ѩһֱӡ
·޻С˵߰ɡһȣλ޸һˣ˺ԯСɣԳϣۣǱλʦ֣ҹһмλɽȥ
ɽǧʿݳԶһУȫǾηΪԼһҲﵽѾĴˣһн֮ģǰëֵһᡣٸҳ裬ֻλɷǣٽĵǰ
Ǹң֪׹ħԶ·޵¼һһһɰ˽֮ģҲˣĻҳֹ
ֻλѩȻƬ̣뵽ӴԺҲҲλظܵ꣬ˮҲֹסһһ
·޵ٶȺܿ죬ֻһ̧ǰ׹ȥֻ߳һ֮أؼһ꼫Ѿ¡¡졣
˭Ҳߣ
˺Ȼͷ֮ϣһˣ
ǸǴ󾪡
·޲ûͷҲ֪˭
׹ħڻǸǡһӣϵһ꣬ȴλơ
һֻŲķϣ׹ħһסͨһųϰüۣǾ޿ڣ˫üȻԳֻޡһ£һǧëƮưѩڷ֮ϣ׹ħⲻԣϲ
·޽һͣԵѹһεʶ֮Ѿǰ絶֮ڣ֮˱
ʱķɽϣɵıأɽѾ·һˡ
ɽӴ˳˫壬ڵĵģ֮µӵԵۣǸųֵۣ֪ڵ¶⣬ʱϵԪ΢˿˿ƵƮϰգֱʧڿʡص״ܸеŲϢóض
ǣôĵӣ׹ħͣڰİУȵһ仰һʱɽͷϸ¡
ǲȻһЦһ԰ģʱȻ÷飬΢ҡͷ˵׹ãҲҪҵˣǡ
Ÿ첲һָһ·ʦͽ


396 
˵⸱ӣѾ׹ħüͷһ塣
·޵˵ߣûͷԽԶԽáԷʶ֮ѾеͷƣԷƴʶú꼫·޵ʶʶ֮絶һ㣬⻹һ
ܲܣת
ԳϵϣۣȻ˵ߣҵһ̣
׹ħʱƸϵ׹ħߡһָ·˵ʦү޳ҸıףҸףϵ޳رף
Ŷ׹ħ˫âһϵۣҲ⡣һޣ
߹һ׹ħȻ󣬵ɷ֮ڼȻɲǼס˰աžžĵɷ֮м䣬ﵽ׵ĵֹףըռ䣬·˹ȥ
׵񽣣
Գһܲ˲䱻·ֹסˣ·ĿᶨȻܴǣ˵һſһһų漴ͷȵǿߣֻܵһʱǡ
ǣ
һأ
ÿźȼﵽףȫӳ֮£Ѿﵽ̬زķһֻһɷɻңڶǵһʮƬ˲仯ȥ죬ܲ棬ֻһתۣ·ǰޡ
׵⽣ܳ־ãһˡ·亹£Ȼİγһ˵һؼǳֻһתͬﵽʮ׵Ŀµͳǰֱﵽ֮⣬ʱķֻ֮ӳأ·޾òܰʵȫλǰ
ҲߣҪһ߰Ҫһ𣡡СˮҪ˺¡
ߣǲߣôߣԶˣ׷Ȼû취ˡ·޴һ֪ս⣬ٲ˵һߣĿѪҡͷβĺйȥ
λٲɣȻ˫̤أ廯⣡
ؼ䣬ĿѪﵽľΰ֮޼ĵ⣬аԵȥ
׹ħ˫΢УٺЦãֶΣ޳òԩҲĶְɣ㳢
˵óٶÿ죬˫ǰһϣ˫֮Ȼ쭳һ
׵⽣ɺ⣬ѾѪ֮âһؼǺ¡һ£һѪɫڹâ֮ڣצɽȣӵľס
Ȼֻڰײһ
ĲӿӶ֮ŷһɢضʱ޹⣬ɽҡض֮أľʯȫʮ֮⣡
·޻عͷλѾܵúԶˣ˺ĴǰУԳȴ֮䣬ŵأ֮ࡣ
ղŵһײ·޵Ѿ˰أ򲻹ԷʵδʵԼͻȻĽȫڴ֮ˣ͵Ϯ֮⣬ڶԷ£һˣʱȫߣֻºˣ
׹ħǳԾѾ˰˳ȻǸƽ֣СǸˣ첻سɴ󻼡˼ü죬޳ɣ˫һ裬֮ʱǵصĸɷ֮̿¾ţ·ͻȻǵôˣǧĴȫ籡˿˿ƣ˫־ȥֱ÷ɽϵʿĿɿڴǷֱȥλּĶսѾǵֱӹв
·Ѿݲħ׹п϶ԣ˫Ծ𣬴Уһ֮ڹ⣬Ȼл˳ȥ
ؼʱ⣡
׹ħϵƵ⣬ֻ·޵ؼγһߣ˵һʻХϸĵ߷·ԶŶƺƵģﵽʵ
ã׹ħЦ˫Ѿǰ˿
һ׹⣡
˫֮䣬׹⣬Ѿŵһ֮⣬һ﷽Բ׹⣬Ҳײ˹ȥ
ξ似
ط֮ս
¡¡
㸲һһʿԼһƬհףòʹǧʿȥλﵽ˷֮ϵʿ⣬ȫײڵϣһʱ
̫Ѱ
ɽٴѲϢ֮Ԫ״ʣӿص״ĲѾ˶㣡
·ҡҡλΣһ˳ʮȥÿһ¾һӣ
Դһൽ磬һαѹŴ֮ط̫ˣǺ֮һܣʱ˿̵·ӦѾ׹ˡ
ɫҰף·ϵ˲仯ȥŻѵʹ˫ֿտһ𣬴ﾪ˵һһεģɱ޾ģֳͬʱһзֳɺڰ׶ɫͷﵽһ﷽ԲУתţɽеϢ£
׹Ҳλʿ۸һλСöôеһ֮۶սһ׹֮·޻˵Ŀײ
׹ħЦɷ֮˰죬׹Ѿγһ춯ص磬ǸƿһУ
ߣСӣ֪ͬ˭к׹ֻǸޣȻ֮˵ã㻹Ǹ߶ԼʸôͬԼսЦߣһ꣬һҲǸްˣս֮ɣ֮ɡ
˵ţһ֣¡¡ϣʮ״ʮָ֮˳ȥʮڰձγʮ״ϸ׹·޵壬ȦһСռ֮ڣȻһ˫ü΢мȻ˿һһڣȻĹâǿ׹ⱶ࣬·޻˹ȥ
СӣҲùţɣ㻹ǵһˣҫˡ׹ħЦУɣʮ˹ȥ
ʱ˿̵·ޱ޿ɱܣֻһת䡣
ü𣬺еܣǺ֮˲ʱˣطӳ֣ȫǴﵽ˴ûеܣһģվҵУ·СС壬˳֧ܡӭ˹ȥ
߲ˣԼ֮ľ̫ˣӲġһսľ
ҲҪ׳ң
·޿ţ˹ȥ
գ
ʮ׹γɵĹ˲ʧɨƽ˵еͻ֮ӿ޺ȥ
ǧʿܿס˴γվʮ֮⣬мû߳Զģ͵Զˡ
ɽ·ɽ壬˲ΪƽأĨȥˡ
·˫ݵ£ȫ࣬·˷ɻңȫѵ˿ڣ˫ʧ񣬹˺һᣬ۵һѪ֮⣡
˯֮УʶٴʧȥӰӡ֫徭أѾɡ
Ŀûٿλ׹ħǻعͷȥСʦԶȥķ򣬾þš
ѾߺԶˣӦӳȥˡ
룬ϧûصԴɽȥﲻˣСʦţǾֵˡ


397 
ս
·˫ҪѪѵĴϢڲܣٴδڿӿ
˫Ǧأʹ絶ܾľӾŶԾ˺һжνˣսǾʹҲġ·̧ͷĿᶨ֮תֳһֻбתֹб˳׿⡣ƾ˵б֣ǿ׹ħǰÿЦİ־ȴ˫ۼ䣬ȶ
ɽϣʿѩѾ˵ĵشֻˣһУھŲʷ˱ϣ׹ħϣȻԵ·ޡ
ļ磬·޵ţѾԲˣܶеֵбϡ
һʱ׹ħĿҲλ꣬лţ糬Ԥ֮⣬Ѿˣʮ׷סȥ·Ϊһʧһȴվţսܡ
ˣ˵ѽһ㻹֪ͨ𣿡׹ħЦ
·ſһѪҺ죬Цӵ۹չ¶š
׹ħҲ㲻ϣһӣһްˡ
׹ħ˵֮ˣһСë棬ʲôʸ̸Ϸ򣿡
·Ц˶Ц㣬㾹ȻҴӦһСһ֮Լʲôˣ
ߣ׹ħ˵ϰ꣬ҲãǸйһꡣˣˣ޳ǲֹµģȻѾˣɽȥˣҲݲñǴҵСӣɣ˵桭
˵׹ħ˫ֻ̧˫ֵ̧һѾӿ
·޴˫ۣһֻɽʯ
Ȼ׹ħϾٵ˫ͣ˰գһתͷȥ
·ܲûиоǹԴ췽ɽʹڵĲ֮ӵŨң΢ѾΪƽصķɽɽڴһֱڵɢʵԪʱȻֹͣˣһƽľ
׹ħһĲ˼֮ɫ
ˣˣӦһ֮Լһ󣬴ʱ˵أҵ㡣׹ħȻ˵ͷҲת
·һ㶣ΪһսȻˡ
Ƭ̣תߣ֮ϵ֣֮ȻתϢ
û߳岽¡һ죬춯أ
ɽɽͷɽ壬Ȼϼ׵Ͽգϰգ֮׹ħ֮ƬѾذˡ
·ֻһۣתߣûϰ죬ڵķɽϿգеӰȫѸɽʲô춯ص·ҲûиȥʦСɻϣֵûعˡ
ǣ»ζεõ϶Уѷʮף·ҪʱԾʱ췭ظı仯Īĵϣߡ
䣡
һйƽ·̲סعͷȻһɫжԭڵĵط˳
¶֧ͨɫʮ׸һ׶ֵĴǣ̽һŰɫıƤ۵ͷ
һֻ̫ޣ
һֻ̬Ĺϰ׳棬Ӳ֪ĵصٶȺܿ죬ΪӴ󣬻Ƭ̲ȫγ
ʮֱΧһﳤĳһڽڵ䶯ϽɫëܲѩϸǳǳһëȥмֱֻС۾Ȼ˵СҲа״Сתͷ­Ĵƽʱ԰ܼ档ͷǣ˳꣬ͲһˡֻԵСһֱڵصײҳ治ʩӵĴʵڴסˣֻ˳
һͷɫصѾƽ˵ɽ˳Ȼǲɷ졣
·޺Ȼ׹νֻۡڵصޣÿϢرͻȡЩǰ˵ԪС֮ʣԪȡȴͬŵĻ̬ʿһ˳ͬɽһӱС
·ǰһѾеΣգһʱҳ·׹ħײʵ̫޴ɽҡض֮£ͽ˳ٲҴˡݷ벻ϵȡصѾ֮ѹһ׹ħҲòȫԴһսʡȫԴ֮͡
ص֮ԣȻ׹ħһչ¶ܣ׹ħϲһ氡ɽǱܵõܺˣֱֵ޷
׹ħϲЦһֻףȥ
һ̧ͷɫСһţһ³һֻ
ͼս֦
Ȼһɷ֮ɽſȥ


398 
ܹײ׹ħ֮ϣƬûڵء
·ͷҲأ֮⣬һչգʦСʧķϹȥ
׷һҲǵټ·þһС⡣
Լȫ࣬ûа·ðȻ򣬴ϵĿռָ滹м¿㣬ãѰһڣ񣬿ʼָ塣
һָһֱͷϣȫԭʵһ˼ұ˹ȥʱܼչٶѾͨܿġ
λʮ׳Ժɻ·ͻأĳǰŵһ˼ʵǹʲô
·˵ҵȻˣʹ磬ܸЩˮô
ͷܽȥٳʱѶ˸ˮ·һȹ󱭣ȵöӹĽУλ׳쿴һηУһᣬͶ˳Сһ׷̲ˡ
·ҲͲٿơ
磬˵׺ط𣬸ĸߡ·ޱ߳Աʡ
һֱ򱱡׳˵ǸطԶ˵ܻȥʲô׳졣
ŶǴһ¡·޷·룬ӿռָȡ⻹ǴԺġݵ׳˵磬û飬ȥ˰ɣʶģ㼸
׳ٺһЦ˵øʲôһٴַôû뵽ãһƬ
·޸ǳ꼫ʶչһչ⣬ʡ
û򱱷У·޷ȥ
ûɽʮ֮ڣ·Ѿ̽˺ͷһٶȳֻһǼ
ּյϣλ޳üĶˣǱ󣬵һһҹȻСҲסˣһ˾ҪȥϣҲд⣬λһ·˻
˺ȥ˷ɽ˵ûˡһ˲һͬ˹ȥ
һƬ淭ڵòӣǰսʱĵأȵðɹɰ
ɽԭӨⱦɽʱѾˣĨȥˡ
ϣ˵ߡλ޸ˣ뿪ƬǷ֮
߳ʮСѾͷˣԤгءĵļλڷɽԶƬյһҹ
·һڼλǰʱλΪǸΣһʱӦ
·Цһˣǲϵôһ仰һƬһȴֻһֱķǡ
ߴһ뻳໵һͫоȻ¡
ȻλһȴأλѾôԳһѱ˰գԳЦˣɻˣΪҲ˰
һӵϣ
ֻҪСվԶĵطˮʣһС紺òɷ
ûһ֮Լ·޴ˣһͬȥ
ʮ֮˳ڱ׺֮
֮Ϸ֮ů׺е̫ˡһģɫĺˮӿżĵúңضεĺ
󣬼˲ڵǰ
һƬ£Ҳʷˣߴ֮ϣǽͷһƽ֣ľվ
һ֣Щ죬·ǰûдţɽȻˣһλСɳӭʩ˵λȻȻӶתǰߴ·һ߽С
ô֪ˣСɺʵ
Сɳ΢ͷ˵ڰͿǣֻû뵽ߵΪ糿ܵأ벻
ŶϾλôСʵ
Сɳ˵ǵģ˳ΪзԶʦǾԪϡҲҵʦ档
·ʶ꣬Դ£ʶȻ͸λʮСɳֵΪǳкȻ
λλʮСʦһֱطãֱԺһ·ɮˣͶĿ⣬Сɳǰߴ·񣬲š
½ưܲЩʧޣ괦ں֮УѾˡһֱһǰֻõϼأʮ֮ڡͷȻһƬƽͣС֮ҲΪ֮һ
ǰӭһ˱ϣķĹ˫磬ߴ΢֣Ŀ䵽ϣȴǴһ˳˼㣡˵ò׶һ㲻üб˫ۣӴڼŤλãȥﲻ
˾ĿڼλϻȥĿһһɨÿͷһһۣͽǿͨ͸ˡ
ʴʦǲô·ǰʵ
˵ͷ˵ɮԶʩǳƷŵĺãȻһ˵ɮͷƽ⾳λңһһ
˵ţλд·ҡ
Сɳ־ȥ
ң·޾Ҫ򵹣ֻ˫ϥôҲ䲻ڵΪӲ֮£ȻܲҲסЩʧˣ·վֱӣﺧȻ˵ʦ˶׹ħУ֪ܽȵô
еͷ˵ҲܣҿԡеǼĻ𶾡Ψһ֮ڵĴ֮ˮ
ϣͷһݡڵĴ֮ˮѵλɮѾٳԼСˡ
һ룬ɮȻ㲢ûУ˵µöԣҵѾʵ飬һأȡ㴿֮ˮ޴󰭵ġ
ϣ׸ĿɿڴԼ뾹ȻڱͬϹһ㣬ô
ɮֻعͷĿͬ黯һͣ·ϣþòƣã̾һڳһ࣬˵ӣ֮Ϊ࣬һ·ļ־֮裬ԹûԹĴ࣬޷֮أ̶ʮ꣬ߵ·һ·㾭Ŀ࣬ǶĶͣյΪΪ˵һƬֿϣеĿ࣬˶ˣһɾ֮һķɽ׹ħԼԼصǴϣΪ֮ԸܴﵽٽͷĽɡ
ˮ·޵ͷһֱһԼԼսֺܵǧʯһֱѹϣ˵¾ͲڡһֱСʱɮļ仰λͷһɣˮĹڵϣ
һһֱ˽ʱйͷƣվ
Сһֱɥ
ɮҲֹҲȰ˵ֻƽһż¼ªһݣԼƽ
޹·޲źȻԼЩĳԭѾľԼȴ֪ʱ˿һͣͷ
СɼϴһʣΪЦ
ԶʦͶΪܶصϣƽ⣬ֻȥһֻڼǰȻˮ㾧Ө͸汦γһǹľԪ
˫ַϣ׵ţԶֱӽ˫Ө͸ƣϣ׵֮ڣ
Сɾһ
·ҲǴʧɫԽĶЩܳ
Զƽ֮ͣȴκѪҺϣʦûаʹУ̩Ȼһ㡣
·޺ȻȻ
ҽ֣
ҽʦ߾簡ʵΪٻΪʵɮΪ֮Ĳеʵˡ
ɮæƬ̣ϾȻҲкˮֻ˲仯ɢȥˡ
عһִֻϣ׵Ƥָ糣õþͬûбʲôȥһ
عֻ֣ȴԼϵ·Ȼ˾ĿУԼţ
Сɲܺˣֹס·ҲһŴ۾ǰ˼һĻһԼ֣ڴԼţʲôľ󰡡
ϵĶƤƿ𡭡
ûѪûอʲôǰֻһСˡ
һأԶɽϪ£ɽü޷ݵӰӡԶ֮һƬأ
Զһֻ־̫ȥؿռ䣬ҵ̫Ϫˮ֮УˮǣСϪ˲仯һӣӿʱ޾źӿ룬ͻȻĳȼʵĻӡ
һж·뼸λǰɣһô˼飬á
λԶɮȻʱƼ֮ˮһƣʱһʱ֮ޣѾļҲԪ
һʱ֮һֳһϸϸʹȡһ壬Ȼų貵ĺ⣬沨ֻͬϸС΢С̫ںˮ֮С
ٿһ㣬ϸûϣ۵ţһֳһʹ֮ɫֳʹɫʹ˼ˣ֮ˮǹڱңһڼ֮𶷵һȻˮȴ½ȻⳡƬ̹ǰͲкɫϣ׵ðͬʱǹɷ֮Ʈɢϣ۵ԽԽٹһӣ˫һţڵѾȫʧˣƼ֮ˮȴڡССһϸȴϣܣƿϣɾһ硣
ҽνϣ׷ذлɮڰ֣˵гȥɣٸλƣɮȾƬ̡
һƣɫһųûɡϣ¸жְ£żλڡ


399 Ϣ
ڶ죬ԯС𶾣ΪҹշʩΪ
һ·ΪǰŵԺϢѾ˹һ·˹ˡվסˣһ˵·ʩȥ
·æ˳ǳɽӭǣŵСʦ
ʩ˵꣬ǰߴ·һǰһ£׺֮ȥ
ã΢ĺ棬һ
һֱϣ·ѾǴＸһͻͷ֮ϣŵһˣԶԶģֻͷѾΪһ壬Ƭһ
ֹ΢Цʾ·ȥ
·޷ɲ£¼Ƕͣʱ·£ƽء
ߡ˫Ŀ΢ϣûж·ްߡ˺һᣬ̧Զ˵·ޣ˵㣬ɾ֮˵
·Ӧһ
Ҫһ֮׹ħⲻǴ󻰡˹ߵĲ;νвˣ֮·ԽԽխҲԽԽ򼫶ˣز۽粻Զܳɾ֮ΪҲ˶ֹˡȻֻط񣬵֮ΰ֮޵ľһС磬Լأӵ֮һ·֮Ǻ֮֮С֮֮֮ѾС֮֮ڣֻǻ֪ɾʹ֮󣬲˺ˣɾ֮磬·ޣӵ֮λ׹ħͲĶˡ
һ·ඥȻǰһµء
·ޣҴʱõ֮ǲ׺֮֮֮ɱȵأֻǵ֮һˣ캣භôƿ֮ޣ磬סһС
·ţͷײд
˺ܾúܾãתͷ·Ѿ֪׺Ѿˣʵû⣬·޵ߣֻǸ壡
С⣬СĵôţԶˣ棬ϣҲڣλ̸ŨСɽЦɷصģ
СϷһƬϼٺЦ˵Ҳġǿ
ªޱȵĲЦͷ˵ǵȻԯСɣ֮ôֶܳ£˵õѪа֪ǸСм۵Ѫɶ˵õﰡ
Сһŭʲô߰ģ˼Ҳ˵һʲôСͻȻһףڵأӵмֿ̼ĿŲײϣʦ
˵Ҷӡʵ
ϣ׺ǺЦʮֿģһ˵Сɣף϶ͽﱧˣ
ЦСɵӣϢֻ֮κ߶޷ĵġ
СԼƽ̹Сֳ쳱ͻȻʧеѽðС˶ˣûˡ
ѹһ뵽ĵȻĹ⡣ĸԵͻѣѾʮСͻȻһ½ɫҲΰͻơ
ģ˵Сǵ·ģҲԵҾͶһλСһɡ
˵꣬һֻһ˲伴űþӨ͸ֻ֣ƺ쳤ͻȻһСɵС֮ڡСֻСһůƬ̣Ǿջҽ֣΢Цͷ˵֮ˣÿ壬һλţһļᶨ֮ģĳɾҲ֮¡
СɴϲͨһڵϣĳĿͷȥ̧ʱϲ᲻СɫŮᣬ˵ϴ󰡣жˣ˵ö࣬Ϊ㣬ٳôĿˡ˵Щɬһ··ôĿ඼ۼ֤·֮иС
·Ͽһ죬ʱ֣ϼ죬СһֻǰͳԵġ
·ߣҲź嵭زˣ꣬ȻóһϺõ׾
·˸֮ģͷæЦ㲻ҲҪԾưɡ
Сֵĵһۣһʱʵ࣬Сһɴ֮⣬·޴֣ǰס壬ҪСֹס˵ѵĻᡣۼһڣԶԲ
·ЦûֿʲôȻֹסͷɫ׵̧ͷСɵβСʵ˵һڣ
СһЦϣֳһ
ҴӦ㣬һСôһֻѾڶˣвģӦòд
·޵һͷץǺкһºʱһֻܸɽƽ֣Ȼ΢΢ͷѪӣ˫ʪˡ
ȥСĵĸСɵС֮ϣᣬ
ллСɣжˣһξ࣬Ҳ֪үү̺òá
Ȼվս֮Хӿ΢
ˣңһ֮Ҿͱǿ
׺ӿãһƬ֮⣬Դ֮ϣһϷ򸾻Ȼһ𡭡


400 ؼ
Դ֪СУ·û¹¡
նźһɫ׷Ѱ֮
һʱ䣬˵첻죬˵ڶ괺֮ʱСڽһӣƾˣòſ˫ۺ۸ǳγ
緹ɵ͵µġһֱСͦսصĶӣΪͷû·޶λСʦΧһͬ𶯡
ź÷ˣһҾ˵ϲ·ϲùӣ䣬·ǰʧ
ᣬ·޲㲨ĳСɴǰڱţСɲ԰һСȻλޣ̻ᵽ˵ĸ׵ļ߾һ˯еС·СĵȥͷĻѾ޷ơЦ
Сſ۾·һĶŪĶӣȻ
ˣ·һǡ
ǺÿСɳ˵
ǰÿ´Ů·˵ŮƯʲôӡٺ١
С΢ЦȻʵϴͻƵ֮һ֮ԼԶˡ
·Ŀ㣬˵㲻òģɷȻҶһ֮Լһʧġ
Сͷİ֡
һ죬ڶһ磬·ٴλص£һû£ͷ޾ʣһ
ߵһ㣬·޺Ȼֻ֮ͷһſˡ
һ֮Լ֮ʱ䵽
ɽϣ³ֻ̣ƽҰɽͲˡ
һˣСɻﱧСС·˼飬ڿĴԳͷ·ϣۣʦּҹǰߣںһϷɽɽ
ʱսĺۼȻܿó֮ң·ҲһΡ
ȵ磬֮ϿһžŲʷˣͻһھȴλ׹ħ
׹ħҲ·޵ˣŷֱ䵽ɽɽǴ۾ַ֮ϡóһ죬дֱ߶ĭ
·޾ٲǰ
С˵ϴİ
·޻ͷһЦ˵û£ʦڣоʦͽ󡣡
ϣЦǵȻȥɡ
ʱϣףڲ֮£Ѿﵽ˷֮үһǴ´ࡣ
ȻҲͬʱ
·޽Ųһֱɽȥ׹ħ̧¾âͬνˡ
·޽Ų΢٣кȻеһ˿
˸˶վ·޲һֻһĴУȡϢܶΪϢҲٴγֶˡʱ˿̵·޶־ܺȻɽ
⣬ϣʾλ޴Сĸ뿪Ķսһ㣬ܵġ
λȥ
ֱʱ׹ħЩ;ȻֵֹʵҪʲôҸˣΪʲôҪܰ
·һ仰һãȻ˵ǲԼôһ֮Լѵǰͽ̰ɣ籼ףõ΢Ѿ˵ҲԾĴ
׹ħҡͷ˵ҲҪȻҸԪɣ㣬ߣٱطˣ
·ЩˣͷһʦϣۡҲǲ⡣
׹ħѾ죬һţȻϸͬԪ˳ǧðȻ˫Ͼ٣һ񣬸΢֮ϣ˫м£ȥ΢ȻһţһᣬȻٴС۵һָ⴦ڳһػ磬ٿظԪ֮ϡ
ž֮һᣬһգһֻӨ͸ҩӰյϡ
׹ħϳľԪĺ׵ľ룬ɵ·ǰ·޵ľѾﵽ˶㣬ܴһֻǸǵ֣סֵֻ޷ľԪҩ΢ƣһҩõ˼Ʊдôиӵľ첻
׹˵ǻҪһôһβܶġ߰ɣҲ򡣡
·޵ͷ˵ȻǰսôСӾлǰɽˡ
׹ħϲɫЦԣԣ߰ɣٱˡи׵ϼһﰡԾʧԣٿס졣
·޵ͷΰʶȻſü֮䣬ıųһڿٳۡ
׹ħͷԵĿţһ
·޺ܣһȭתɽ
ϣʵʲô˼
·޺Ȼ죬Цʦ˵ʦѾû׹ħ֮ˣǲһǣʶŵһ棡
ϣ״󾪣˺һʡ
ԭգ׹ħһõܺˣϧ·һˣȫֻ棬սֻС˼ĴһˡЦŹȥʰսƷָմ壬Ȼһʹ̫棬޴ӣֻþŵģһͷʶڡ
һʱ׹ħʶսվħԴ󷢡̬һٶ⸱ǡ
·ϣ׼ѽᡣһͬɽҵСɵˣԴɽĴ¡
ϣ״ϵĿռָ֮ڣȡʮֻȴǸʹĶ·޻ϲ˵ʦܻȥ𣿡
ϣ˵֪ܸܲصˡ
ʱ·Сˣʱȴλ֮࣬λ޹ھ޴Ѿزռָ֮ڡҪӳһʹϣƻᷢƫܵĸط˭Ҳȷˡ
ϣ˼ãȻ˵·ޣС˻ȥɣʦ£ڵ֮սλ̫аۣӦòǴ£˲㣬ԱǴ´࣬ޣҲߡǻӦҲġ
λȻֳΪ֮ɫ
·޿С·˼飬˫üһ壬ͷ˵Ҳã󲻸ʲôأôһȻعԴɽʦǼҲԺ
ϣ׿ЦһӦˡ
·һϱɫô˵
ϣ׵ͷ˵ǣ˶Щ̫ֻôö֪ԴɽûбŴ档
·Ϸ򸾶ã˫˫ϣǰһ
ȻԳСı·˼ŵףָȥһžСɵϰ֮ϣˮʡ
ͷ­һײ·ϡϿλˡ
ֻ˺졣һû˽ĵЦ⡣

һ·ȵˣ˭˵һϾû⣬ֻԴҲ꣬ҾѰʮöٴһͬǡ
λֹס˿
ϣ׳һ̾ĽϣֻŽŲһһˮһ㣬ס䵽ϡһأһֱһＸɵĴ󣬳ǰ
ϣ˫üһš˵ͽһҪԼأ
·޵ͷСһһοĹͷȥʱ˾ģԴɽǲܲأ˻һۣ˫һգСɻﱧ·˼飬˾Ҫ֮ڡ
Ȼ·ֹԴԳ˵չ˼ʦУץסλ˺
Գһ㶣־ס˺һֻǰצյ棬˺붯ͺˣΨ·޵ĻΪǣȥҧסֻ
˺΢΢һûѣȻһЦ֣˵·ޣôܲµõҪȥ
·һЦ˵ҶˣԴݺȥٻˣ˼һ벻ô˵λ֮У൱׽һ㣬ˣչǣڣҷİ
·˫Ŀͨ죬˺Ϊ˼ξȹ·ӡ
˺ʱŷޣ滨һ㡣
һֱţϣ״ǿߡ
·ٲԥգ·޻Сɣ֮ڡ
һ󣬺ع⻪ǣһκת֮䡣ͬһ󣬾ʧˣյ֮ϣֻʮֻ壬˻Ұ֮ɫתۻɷɻҡ


401 ·
һʱĿհףɽ֮ϡ
ż
ԯСɶžյļ԰á
·˼ѽѽĽСС۾һƬ⹫ļ԰
һ·ɽ
ɽϱһƬ£СҲһ˸ˣ̲ݴֻǺټ࣬ЩЩԵһصԴء
û˼
СԽԽԺһƬʵڿƲס۾֮ϣ˺һӡ
˵үүǻ𣿡Сɻͷɷ
ڣʱɢӡӦĺܶŶԡ·ްοٲĸһɽġ
Ըӹ˽١Сʡ
һ·µɽ¡·ȥ˵λСסĵطҲⲻ˱Ĳû˼
·޷ſʶ꼫ʶʵʰĲˮ˽Ŀռ䡣
֮ڣȻû˼ҡ
·޾̾ӵĵſһԱСĸӸڱϣԶȥ
ʱķУѾ˱߹֮⡣
ʶſţʮο·޺Ȼüͷһ壬ڰվһ͡
Сæʣôˣ
·˵ôôຢӣ
ﰡСʵҲϵʲôŹˣ֪ɷļ磬Ȼġ
һУҵȥ
·ޱһգȥ
ڳ⣬ģܴ·ڼȥҲûʲô˼ֱȥ
յǰסǶˡ
һˣҲ޵ˮƽ޵Ĵ֮ɫ֮ϣдźɫʹߵ·һС˼ӣ۾һһ˺ȵʲôˣ߿Ѿʹˡ
·һ㶣û˵Դʲôʹһﰡװǻ˵ʹߴˣ·ʵúˣҲ۵úˣܲܽ÷˺ȵˮӻʺ򲼣ⲻףи㡣
һλĿСתȵУȥ𴦰ɣԶǶˣǲǸá
ڴʱСɻ·˼ˣ·ɫһֻǰȥһһأѾʩչܼһλǮץһһ죬ӳ˷ɻңɢҲ˺ôһ硣
ˣи㡣·ֻֽʮصĴӣ˹ȥ
˴һʹǰ۾ʡλݺæһѽ֮ǰԼУͷ˵ðɣҲʵͽˣͽȥϢһʱһҪߣʹȥ£һûˡ
·޵ͷӦ֮ڡ
һãӳľȻмٸӣһҲ߰ӣڴм䣬мλʹ߿ǡί٣С϶ſ޹ĺۼ
Сüͷһ壬Ϊĸ֮ĸԴ󷢣úܿ࣬Ҫ·ֹס˵һλʹҲá
һҵɾЩĵط£·˼Ĵ⡣
СӶҲͷƲʱһƲסĳм䷢
ӽߴ·޶˿ߣ·ֻǲ
һᣬߺ˳žˣһļʮֻ֮ࡣ·޻̧ۣʮֻλʹߣһɴ棬ȴλŮӣǰı־ȴʹ
ϳ˵ľһںǡµ˵أǶЩţĬĬ
һñڣ·޺꼫ʶȻ
λøһЩСŮӣҲ߰ӣþ㣬Сȴļᶨûӡ
йλСӣվߡΪһλСĺӲȥϵˮ
ʱӽУȥһȴŶŵ˼λСӱǵһңʱǷ
ӽе˭ٿ޾͸˭ͷ
һŸӵĿ޵
ŮӺȻеҶˣʲôǼ˻ǵģؼң
ߵļλȻһҵģСӿ᲻ֹ£ȴʵ㣬˵˻𣿡
ȻΪʲôˣǹŹ·ˣŹһ壬ĵܣûҲޣûЦ·ҺثСӣ·ҸأǴ󲮲·Щ˶һˣǻҶ·ף˵ţСŮ۾һüŭĿλӡ
ӵǳһСĵĶλʹ˵ˣ·ҵİô˵⼸λҲǹŹˡ
λɴŮӣһ˵Ǳӣ˭ҵֻҪҪҲøȻ壡
ӻ񲻶С˵˵ΪֻҪЩС˺ˣرǹŹ·ң˵λǿߣǿ·ްﲻáĿ񲻶
ŮӺһ˪
ǿǿа𣬾ˣ
ٲ˵ֻǿСŮĿЩη
Сɿɷ򣬼·Ѿֳɱ
ôСʵ
·޵˵йŹˡ
һ䣬λŮӺȻӽеѺǴȥеˣŹߵӲСҶԿʹߣ
ӦһСڡһ̧ͷ·޷򸾻ڣеǻ߰
·޺һۣʱ·һ۹ȥɱݺᣬӵʱɫǵǺ˼ϣڱϡ
ߣˡ·˵
ããǸ߽֣һۣѾףԷ붯ֵĻó֣ܹ߲ˡͷ״ٲҶԣ˵ǵùӣʣµʱСӦɣԼλСʦСĻóЩ
·޿ǸСĺӣʳ죬ǿһλĹипˣһ֣˵ӣǹŹ·˰
СŮһʹ߲ͬϴԣøУżСܵ߹
ǰ··ӿĳŮ·޴󲮵ֶŮ˵һͦСظȻַ
·ͷһȣȥϸ˵úӣ·Ҷ
ģСŮ˵
ôᱻģأ·ӿأ·޲Щġ
еǿ߶ȥʹȥˣֻмλڣǸ˵Ķ֣Ҫ߼ӣҾ˵ȥˣǼˣǼͱץߣһҼ˾ͻôʰǸˣ
·޵ͷ˵̫үү̶̫𣿡
СŮ˵ã·޴ˣ̫̲ˣ̫үүҲˡ
·ϼ۾ʱͨ죬СŮڻ˵ģ󲮻ǵġ
ȻСŮɵĴ˵һǸаۣ¾̫ƽˣ
·صͷͷӿ
ʱһʮλ߷ٸһһ߷ȣߴȴǹŹ۷׻޵У·Ҽ·괺άҼάӣСһλʮˣһϣʹе𣬵ˡ
ŮӴ·޻еءû£Ҳ£
ǸۿŶǰλŮӣ˵ʹʺιʴСŮ
Ů˵а۱ռλСӣܿ·ˣǵĸѵͬ𣡡
ߣϣùŹѿ
̫аۣǻɱ˵۷һλаǰҲӲ


402
۵£ߴղһ°ɣ֮ᡣȸм
ǵĺӣ׻޵гȵʱѾﵽ͵ļޡ
λŮ˪ĿһߡĶǹŹߣһŭĿӣ֮ܲ⡣
Ҵϵ۳ǣΪǺãаҪһΪŵӣһĴӣ뵽ĺûᣬǷģǶΪ˵õߡ
·괺˵֪а۱һֱµӣЩС壬С˼ҵӵôʲôʱҪļˣʹߴˣҾΪа۳ʼԸڽаǡҲҪǸ֧֣ѵ˵˼ңҪ͸巭𣿡
ŮӺһ˵·Ǵ˵заԶаȻΪȻҪ˸ʲôڹŹΪа۵ʮʹ֮һȨ¾һЩС¡·׻ͷǻǻȥɣǺʹߵ³Ǿ壬ǵȻǹŹ֮ףаһ鷲ӣҪĸ壬ҲһһˡɽɣԴɽ׼ɣ𣬲͵۶˵õԺߣֻ޵۹Ĵ󷨣С壬ʲôѽǼҪȫʮ˵ļҪ뽫嶼͵Ԩ𣡡
СŮͱˡ
һ޵һܣĬ
·괺Ŀͨ죬ҧ˵ʹˣȥѼС˼ҵӵô·Ҽӱ۶ǡ·׺ӡ
Ŀһȣῴ
λʹȴҡͷ
֮ڣĻʱȫޡ·ĸСܵܣȵ˭ҲޣүүҲ۵ģ
۾аһᣬǴţ
̵һһλ߳ߺӹλʹǰеˣȥɣѺ£Ȼģ
ʹһ
·괺˵ʹˣҪϷʲôϷȫӦ㣬ֻһ棬Сӡ
ʹ˵Ǻã˵ˣֻǲ֪·õ
ʹ˵ǣ·괺˵
ھ͹ǰָһپ䣬·Ǹ˵Ȼ㣬ȥ޻أ
Ļһ޶ˣ
Ĵԭλʹ·г𰡣·д
·괺ͨ죬ڿпֱ졣
Ҫ˵ʱС·еүүȥǡҴǶصӺ˵үүھҲҪ·ûͷ
СѾͷ࣬á·괺ʱݺᣬеúӣүүܡ
ʹһЦ˵·ˣ·ޣܻһۡ㵱绹ô
һ仰δ䣬һ˵·Զ·ңǲģߣôˣ


403
·޻һڣС֣ȥСһһʱûŪףǱǣţſڡ
ļʹߣʱŭȵʲôζˣ
·޺һܲһˮƽϲȥǸӰǵͷϣǵγɵĲƣƳ
ʮλʹߣ˴˫ۣʶ¡һ췭ظĵȥԶҲվˡ
ǣ·߰ɣǳȥСЦŽѾô˵ĺǡ
·޴ź߳á
ܲѾô˳
δ·һ۾Ϳ˸ס
ˣ
λ۷壬ôϣֻΨһĶ䲻̫ŵֹ֣ȫԴصΪ޽۶ȫ룬λаۡһֱŨڵͷѾ˰߰ס˫۵Ƹ絶̹һ㡣
·ӣͨһ˸ǰеТ·޻ˣ
һڣ·괺͵ɴ˫ۣ
ģ֮УȻǵģֻ϶˷ǣӺˣҲ˺룬ǧȷԼĶӰ·ޣҹŵĶӣдô
һѱסһλʮ˵Ƽˣٴ£ٴĥѪһĺӣ
ӡ޶𣿡
·޷ޡ
һߵСҲ¡
ӱһ𣬾þò֡
Źһڵߣһǰÿ˶쳣ʵһֱ·ٴγ֡½Σʱû˸˼ĶԹֻ˴߳ˣҪ˵ȻֻһѡǾǹŹǧųһλǿߣ·ޡ
λɴŮӣʮʹ֮һԭûֻЩʧĿ档
Сϲŵ·ӿ֣վ·ߡԴһ羴ͺĶĴСĴ˵һĴ󲮲
λ˵õĴ󲮲һ֮˵·ޡ벻ҹˣԭԼߣҲûĹ⻷
·괺п߻һźӵŮӣͷ𣬲ʵ޶λǡ
·븸׷ֿС˵ͷɣףжϱˣӣûϣŽµĻ£׳ȫ
Сߵ͵ͽһס
·괺æӦһ۾ȴ粽Ķ¾ǸѿһС·˼ѽѽȻһֵֻСͷ˹·괺æһִָͷСһסˡ
Сæӷ빫
·괺λʮ˵ĴӹСʱɱ֪˵Ĵ֣ȻòССıڻͷյӵСϣ·˼ȻĽСְǵֲڵĴϣ޵Ľͷϲ
طۣ꣬Ѿ޺ˣ
·괺ع׻޵˵λͬޣҡ·괺ӡкˡ
׻޵ипˣ˵һּһˣϲ·žۡ
·޻عλʹߡܣѾɱʹߣֻסԼܲ
·˵㵹ûߣ
һ˵ΪʲôҪߣΪʲô˵ôܸıʲôаۻһֻɱԴļһŮӺ޼˵õڿ￦һ
·һ㶣˫һһܲײ˹ȥ
ŮӸӦǿ֮ѹ֮£Գһֻܽܲײ˹ȥ
Ȼһ죬·δѾͬһС
ŮӾԸӡԷȻֻǿһ۶ѡԼʶѾܵ˺
ժɴ·˵
˫ٴ΢УȻһⲨǰŹȥͬˮź֮ƥĳ˹ȥ
Ůɫ䣬һεضȴһεʮνӲġ
·ǣŴ˫ۣģ·޾Ȼ۾ˣһֶûһ£ǹɺ꼫ʮ˼һҲֻ˱ܵķݣ
Ц·Ѿ֮ʦʥۣٵ֮С֮֮ƿңﵽӵС磬ӵ֮֮Ĳһ㰡
·һֻֿκһλ
ŮӷˣܲѾм䣬γһƬ󣬺һ죬Ůһĵ˵ϡ
·һ̧ŰʮףһƿŮϵɴ¶һżģŮӵ
·ϵã˵ô㣿
·괺Ҳһ˳λѿҵλɺ
ɺˣѪʶѾˡ
ЦŶ·ޣеԹ֮ɫ˺衣
·ޣǷҵĶأ޶ѾˣδϵδޣôأѪ仰˵ö϶
СɵС̲԰ס
иδأ
·ɺߣַӿռָ֮óһľԪöȫԪľԪ飬֮öҩŵ˵˰ɣ˾Ͳˡ£Ƕ˶̫ˣȻӦ˸֣ҲǸùֻһ֮룬̫ǿһƲɷûдģ
ɺȻһЦ˵һ֮һͻһ֮ˡ۵һԪ³֮⣬Ȼ˵ǵϿǰֽҡ
ͷһᣬһλò绨Ů޶ȥ


404
·괺˽ɺ÷ֱͻȥ
·һȣһͬźŹȥ
·ſСĸӣ·괺ߡֱһʱ˹Ź·ۼ겻عŹӵĻׯ֮ϣϡ٣ɫί١ƽԭǣ˷˿׻޵и˵СѣԴƬ̣ѵãɱҲʶɫ
·޴Ц˵ǣҰӭߡ˴Ц֡
·
·괺ڷ֮ϣ˸ϿգеλϣˣС·޻ˡ
һнʮ֣֮⡣
òŵڶ̯·ͷӿ׷ױ˳
·һۿһλׯĸŮݳ⣬ĸףæȥһѱסٲɿ
ĸһϣٲ
Сɽ·˼ݵŮòʱɳ۾ҲĶˣŽڣֿЦ
·ϲ
ܿ죬ʹгһѾΪү׻ƲּءԶԶľڸһ½Σ븮һλүһλǰ΢ҪҲǾ֮Ͱˡ
·һʹߣϢȻҪʹģѾ϶·ѾڳɵۣȻҲٴƿλŹ̫ྪ棬һΣѾֲˡ
һᣬ·Ĵǰͣ˳׻棬׻޵УάãңȼңһЩس峤;۵ˡ
֪ʵһ£Ǿǣ·޴˴ιҪҪ۶ս̫аš
·괺λ֮ϣ߾׻Ƽˡ
·Ѿܾûйʢˡ·޹·ҳ˹Ź֮ף·괺ʷð
ԴӶ¶һֺЩĶӻ᲻᲻а۵Ķ֣ۼƺûϵӣ룬ӻûʧ㵱Ļ䣬Ϊڶ࣬öһˣ
˵һлתаϣ·ʵ޽۶ô
ά˵ԴɽڣһƬյأҪ޽һԴĶǣصĳǣ֮ΪµСͿԲˡûΥּǮΪѾʮ֮ˣѾǿǰĺΰˣ˵һ֮ǣǹŹͶǰϡ䱦ֻҪ֪ģʹߵ֪ģͶĶÿڵܾʯ󳵣͹ȴҪʮ˺ٲȥԴأˣ
һʱĬ·޵ͷ˵Ǿͳ
ʱ׻޵ʳ˴һֱȴ⣬СѣΪһ磬ڳɵۣ
һ仰һʳ˴۾ֹͣˡ
·΢΢һЦ֪ʱҪˣһŵ쾮һΪǧ֮ˣѾֻһѾмƬҶ·˵ǿǿ𣿡
˲תͷȥǰˣƻҲСʱȻһů紵˴һӨĹȻס˹ʱ˿̣·޵֮ڣͬһùѾˣˮϢ֮档
ĿɿڴĿķһſڱ˰Ժӣ
׻޵лعͷ·΢Ц֮ϣһʱôˣ˵ֵˣһۿһλߣֵˡ
˻ȻͷĿжǳ羴ϲᡣ
֮ȻǴ˵е֮ô˵·ѾһޣΪһλˣܹƿܹ绽꣡
һЩСϣߵݣһʱ䣬·Ҵ֮ϣһƬ
·ܹȥһһܿһУȫ׻޵Ѿ֮Ҳ޷֮࿹ӵԵշ
·괺ȫ̫аȻеߣҲֻλ۰ˣ·ȴĴڣּܹԤϣ˵Ϳ׻޵Цٿˣ·ڣԴɽͲһˡ
·괺Ȼ˵λ·ĳи֮룬ܷ鷳λȥһҶպ󣬸ϸ۶ͬλаħһ֡뷳λ˵һ£ҪһͬǰȥһǸ
׻޵ӦҲ׷׽кã·޿һĸף֪лǲģҪѹˣʱߣͬ۶·޷սʤԷͬڣҲԶȡʤ
ʵ·ܣٶкãа۵һֻϼ£һǼ˵ĸܵһ
ֻһ˵Ŀİˡ
һģ֮ڣһޣͬʱ̤·ͬһطȥ
͵˼ˣֻҪһܺ˭һƴӣڽ˵
ҹ·ûлݣȴԺļһλҹˣһλŹ
׻㣡


405
ٴһղأǣ˱˰ϣֱ۷壬ǺǣȸжᱼС
·һǣСɾվ׻档
ҹϣһ£׻ֱֱ·ޣ۹еһ˿ڵҹɫ¶ԵλͦΣɽ֮꣬ǰǸһֱԴɽԺǵĴȣʱ·ޣӺϢŨҰ硣
ȻתСɵɬһЦ׻˵ɩһ𣬷ģҲ
׻һĻʣ߹ţһЦĵšС治İԼ̫ˣ·ޣ·һſˣСɾͼ䲻ԸͶԻط
һǰһߵ˽ϡֱͣ˺ôһҲû׻һͷ˽ȥ·Ҳ֮ϵ档
һС¾׵Сˣһꡣƺ׻Ϊ·һԼҲȸССһһ¶ǣС̺ˡ
˹ͬһң·һڣȻЩš׻㿴ó΢Цˡ
磬ʹˣ㲻ҡ˵΢΢ͷ̧ʱ۾ȴѾˡ˵ֻдɩʵҴӳ¾Ѿˣǻʼҽã´ɲԼġɵ˵㣬Ҿ͸һңٲȻѾͷ̺㣬˵òã
·޲֪ô˵ͷжһһ¡
׻ָˣ˶ƣһʱ˭Ҳ˵ʱţ׻·¾ƣճԵͲ뿪λϵ˶ϡ
һֱȥȥˡ
һƾ·ֱ̧׻㡣һֱһСõλϣǳڱĴ黳һֱûͷʱΪƣߺ͸СʤգһҡڣȻһЦһţ˵û۶˵ԵҲĹͬһƣ㵱һãʲôҪ棬˵ǣ㣡
һŵõһλĳŵ׻㼸˵һǡ
·³׻һʹ³ǰס
·޻һůů῿뻳һƴǣӡĴϡ
һմ֣׻복
·޴Ƭ̣Ц
ŴӰСתߡ·һһѽڻЦСɣòߣ翴ˣС۵Сϱ
Сɺݺһǡ
ӵط
Դϵĵ·ǧһǧĴ·ϣǵһδӵļ߳ѹıףҡڵϴ·˽һͬһصȥ
ϸ磬˵·ҪսаˣһͬսϢ׼ȷ𣿡ͬеˡ
ûˣԴһǿߣĻˣϢ;٣һ˵ֵܣǼٵģ㻹ؼ𣿶ٸǱλаħߣ⼸ʮĺĳʹߣаƣɾаֵܣԴϣٲܴĵطˣֲĵսˣҲҪȥһˣҲԴأһλˡ
ǰλҲУеģƴһΡ
ƴˣȥˡ
ͬĻ⣬Ҫʶмţйڵ޵УҲֻ΢΢ͷô˴֮ʣ޵Ĵûݹ
Ƕȥİİգ׷״
Ҫдˣȥλаۡ
찡ˣ˵ʹ֪ܻ𣿡
ҲһҲȥˣȥ޵۶ˣôѾͷģ
ˣɡ
ϣ·޳ʱ·ҿĴԺ֮ϣѾۼ·һߡҹļ飬ֻȥˣ뵽߶Ӧſڡ
·괺ŭһ£¹һƬ
·޼СȻҲ˰СվȺ֮УЦǰʵߴ󲮣ҲҪϵ۶ô
˵ȻҪȥΪ
·۰һףЦллС񣬴󲮲ãڼһô󲮻Ǿ
𣿡СţգžǿĴۡ
·һЦܲѾ̽ʶһԪССһţѾ漫ֻԼ֪һͬǳ㸡ʶĶ
·˵úûǣ֪ʲôͻǾˡ
СΪ棬üЦ˵һߡ
վ·޳˵˵Ѿ߸۶Ȼˣ·ˣ˺󣬴ȥһս·ǰȥӦ˰ɣĻס·ңа۲̫ȥҪţ
һ䣬׶·Ѫڣսÿܶ
ðɣȻ˵·Ҿվһ𣬴ⳡһս·괺˵
һмˣƺƵų⿪Σƽԭ⣬ҵ˻׻ƼҼߣάҵļǧޣһͬǡ
۳һ֧ʮĴعŹ׳һԶʼг̡
н죬߹һ֧˵ɵĶ۷񶫷Цһ˵ȣ߹ڻɡ֮£ߣһλŮѾʮ
Сڻߣһʱϲһʱ
ϣ߹߸ǰĴʦ·ޣ·֣пˡ׻޵붫ЦȴΪͶǶԷѾãʱһϧ
ºߵݣڶ۶һ·ϣԽԽӴ󣬵ԴɽΧʱѾۼ˰֮ڣǸľӢߣƺƵ糱ˮһɽ￪
·Ҽ·괺ȻȻ֧Զ˧ͷһҲûҹ֮࣬ʱĵ׳һ
·Һ֧жٻ壬񼶳ǿߣȫ쵼֮£һ˵ĺ£ͷܲһ
ʱ˿̣֧֮ǰһ˵а̳ĴԴ۶ʮа֮׵ѾĴ


406 
һƬɽǰ
ɽǾ鿴µģΪ˽ƽʱƲȴɱϣɾ䡣֪˶Է߾Ȼа֮ڣΪѣȨŽ˴ΪԵս
ɽУչѡ
ԣʹߵʮλа˰λһˣһֻסааתһλ۷ʥѵĴԣװһֻ֮ڣ֮ϡаʹڼ̵ʱڣͳɾ۷Ϊ༸λҲͬϸι״ͷ­Ϊħа˭غѪɣ޷ǳ׶֮ĽޣΪ˹һһΪ
λֱȮȰλааħֱܴ֮⣬ƺˡ
ʹͽÿһֻޣЩԭʼޣһѪ۾ȮҪ˵˵
һϣһ֧ϼµĵΡ
ߣֻߴʮףʮ׵ӴȺϱɫܲ⣬ֻ״롣ޣǴﵽ۷壬濹Ρ֮ڣǴδЩȻ˵սǳͬշһ㣬мߣֻܿ˭Ĳˡ
һĵ̫խѷ̫ˡ
˽ĿͶ·ϣֱʱһֱڵһ뷨͹Գ

׻޵һֱ·ߡһϵľλЦ
СѣӦһȥЦ˵
׻޵ȴ˵СѣӦöӦս
Цһ㶣漴ͼ֮ڣһֱҪ̵λˣܲԸΪͨһֱ֧Ρʱ˿̣ߵĿⶼ˼ڴֲɡĲɢΪ֧ɢҪһλǿ֤֤ȷǿġ
·һЦ˵û£ԼȥԵƬ̡
˵꣬һڣ˳ȥҪЦסˡ
սǷܲܵԴɽڵĵ۶սǹؼ
һ֮أ·޶һˣ°н֮䡣һ̣ĸеһ˿¶
ߵм䣬ҲѾУ˰
ҶԿаۣСӣù˵ţ֪սز٣񱩵ʮааܼӳֹڶʱڣǳΪǿߡܶа˵ףӳֵϣҲѲ˶¡ҾܼӼԭʼ޾ͻͬΪͬ࣬һսͬһȺࡣ
һ˼һޣȺ
񱩵ܣȻſ·ǰﵽ֮⣬Ѿﵽͬǿȡ
·û˵ֻЦЦٲ˹ȥ
ʱһͬɽ㺣Хһ㡣еܵʮ⣬Ťڣſ޿¡
˶ǲԸѻ
һ׵¼һܲͬһ磬Ȼ档
һЦס̾аΪ֮ĶȻ硭
׻޵˵λţۣ֮ħҪǿһЩߣ
ǵĿⶼ·ϣڻûͬܳЩż۽ģ


·˫һ˫ǰƳ˿ͣȻߡ
䣡
䵽ϣ
·һƬ񻪣ӨӨ񣬹⻪ͬʱһҾ޵ͷϡ
һΣ˵Ľ·Ѳϡ
սû˰Ϣʧȥ˺Ŵ˫ۿǰ龰ǲģ
·޾ǰʧˣһ̣Ѿ󣬲ҽŲͣ޲
·޴崩˹ȥ˫ϵĶȻ䣬ܵڵϣУƿһ׵ѷ죬ƺ˵ʾǰ
Ƭ̣¡һȻɢȥ֮ȫίɺڻңڷƮɢˡ
սϢ
λ׾Ŀɿڴ˫ֶòУȻĿͬ顣
Ķ֣޷ս
ͬĿжĿֲ
һĴһ̧һ޺£¡һͬѵһ뷢
һֻߴʮףʮ׵·޺ͬһɢʯʮ׸߿աǰһɽҲҪȺޣշˡ
ɫս֮ǰû뵽ģ˶ˣȴ˶ޣޣڸ޶ǲģ
Ⱥ޳ѾȥѾȻˡ
Ȼ춯صıУǵصȺǰ·ȻǰֻѾӿ˳


407 ɽ
϶ϣͬ󣬳˰˹
ߣɫ䣬Ȼܴǣܱһʱҫ
Ŀ飬ڿ·ޡ
ʱ˿̣һ硣
һԴɽװ֮ڡͬɽֲͬ纣ֺСšӵԴصĻὫһȺ޷ϡ
ܲˮ̳̿һ֮⣬ɽȷסˣǰһεĲˣÿһĲÿռž
ա
ֻײܲϡ
ǰ·޵ǰͻأһɽ룬ʯɽľǰͬŵһƬ׶ߣ²ͣһŲ䣬ɽǰ䣬ȴһƬأ֮£Ѿ֪жޣصףҲˣȺһʱֹסǰһͻȻݵĵ֮ڣֱż䣡ǵǰѾŵ壬ҲܳٿȻһ£Ͷ֮ڡ
ʼǰ·ûͣ£һֻŷһ䵽ϣһɽѵľͷѹɫ
һֱߣ
ʹͽľȻת·籼ȥ
ڶʹͽһͬתߡ
䡭
طһ
·޵ĺ꼫ʶѾ˼ʮ⣬Ⱥˣ
﷽Բɽǰȥ
У߶УĶǣ·Ȼߣʼգ˫־ûֻޱһǰڵСɽȻ䡭
Ȼǰߵɽ㵹
֮һƽǰģһƬ߳ƽء޴ʯţûûµĹԭȼգɹɰɫƬķԲʣͬԶŵĻĵأسʱǰ㾰
·ƽϣһҲ·壬ԵЩĮЩµֻǸߴãӲż
񰡡
֮һȺ޾뵲סĽŲλ۷߾վǰЦ
·޻ͷһЦ˵ǻǸ·ɡɫոЪϢһ
һƬž
ĿɿڴĿǰľҲսɣûһ˶սһʹͽһޣԴصʷϣûй
֮ǰǻڻ·޵һսĻʱĻа㻳ɣ
˺Ȼкã纣þòϢ
ƬɽȣʱһƬԭʼɭ֡߳ʮ·ЩˣЦӪʣ·괺ȥʮ⡣
ҹޣڶһԹ緹˿˼֮⣬ǰ̽ӣʧת˵ǰе顣Դ߳⣬һƬɽ룬ϣһˡ
·޺ܲڴ˿ˡ
һʵʵģһŲ϶˪һޣɫЩľȻĿ糱ˮӿǡ
ڵĲʱȫˣЩ΢һϷ
˻а··޻ֹס˴һ˹ȥ
һϵϣȻʶѾ֪̽ǰһĻԾС
һȺͷ߳֡ȺħɽµȺѾֹֻÿһֻ֪ʩʲôаͬһͷСһ㣬ʱȺ󣬼˴ֵĴͱǿеУֻ֮¶ķ㡣
żһ̧ͷ۾ɫ
̧ͷ·ޣ̾Ϣ˵ܴƽġ
λصߣ·һֱкȻڵΪȻ͸Էǳ
аѾƽˡ·˵ʶ̽һȺ£
ͬħɽȺޣȻɽħڻ̬ħޡȻа۸һǴ˵۶Լǲ
ǧƵƹ
·ֱˣ˵
ĬƬ̣̾ǰұаףЩƽǲܴƵģûҵټʱͽħɽл̬ħ޶ˣҵĳңҪӭǡаˡЦ£ϣ˵ֻԻȵ㣬аҲеħҲе̫ˣҪЩƽ⣬Ｋطÿ˶ÿ˴ڵɣһˣˣ֪ǲǴˣȺһҪֻӡ
·ûŪ˼סʵ֪˭Ϊ֮ߣҲа۵Ķô
һЦ˵ħˣȥ֮ʱö䣬£սһһµĵһľǣ˲֮¡·ʵħɽеĿ֣Ҳһòġˡ
˵һ仰̣ȻȥռĲҲûħһײаԵΪܴﵽ˾磬֮
·ϣѾԳ޴ֲĶȴʼ˵Ǿ仰
еĿ֣Ҳһòġ
Լʮϸϸ룬ĥγйٿأȻ䣬ϳЩ亹
֣˲Լ֮£ĸܡ
ܣߴħޣѾΧ˵ģ·Щ⣬аۼȻѾɳض飬ΪʲôԳأһֵ֮ܺͣȴں棬Щܸеиıڰƽ
ħΧֻһսЩȫǴﵽ񼶵ħޣȽ֮ǰѾͬն·޻ճ֮
ףһʮֻħѾ쭶


408 λ
¡һ죬һֻʮ׸ߴĻħ޵ɽʯһǰļѹﵽ񼶵ħްħֱܲ˳⣬ȫݺᣬʵ絶һţһǰļ˹ȥ
¡¡
첻ϣħȺϱǺÿ𵴣循ס
ֻһգۼ䣬·Ѿ¼ٵħޡ޴綴ɽ붥һƬռ䲦
·ǰһд⼤ȥ
ͬʱְγϵһɱ⼸еˣХһһХٿĹâȺһͣһһﳤľ޴ĿѪǰ·һӣͬɽըһѪͨ˵ĳɽ֮ľֻħ򣬻ɷɻҡ
λȫӦԻ޵ߣǰֳһֻͷ޾ãһЦѾֻʮ׸ߴĻ֮ڣ
¡Уڶƥ޴ҷڰǰڣеħ޾֮ǰȻֹٲ
ЦЦս֮У˷ܴﵽ㣬Щ͵ȵֻ࣬צץȥ޾ֻӻķݣ
·Ѿֳбһ׵ıַתţֻСǰչ
ޱǧħΧڵġħޣʨħޣޣǵأɽ纣ȫѹȥ㼷ҲҪ·޼ˡ
ЩħʶϵϢħɽСӣ˼氡ȺѪڣ
·һЦһ壬¡һȻͻأĲȫ
׳Ľ·ޣѾòһֻ壬İε׵ĸ֮ϣУȫ꣬еıĴ䣡
ٵķŴ󣬽뵶ǰǣױɼʮףɰ׵ľ޴󣬺¡¡ĻƬռ䣬ƿһеֱ嵽ɽ֮ϡ
飬޵ÿɶ㣬ɽ屻ֱܽܵ˿壬ɽʯľ֪ߣڰ
ǧħޣһ󣬻ŵҲˣ
ɽ޷׷˳֮ȥ
һɽϲ˵һɽ
һ˲䣬еΪޣ·һչ˫ֻһֻͷܶǰγɡķܶѾ󵽲˼ĵزкĴͷųȥһΡɽ桭
ĺһ̾ɽͷȺڿ֮ʵ̫Цˣ񼶣ܷҲԼ·ȴ֮
Ȼһйƽ
սڽˡ
·ḡڸ֮ϣ֪ʲôʱֻ޴ħһһĸΪµħӡ
ȥɡ˵˦Ѫͫ𣬺ķɳ֮⣬䵽֪δԴɽˡ
·޼ĿȥǰﲻĵطһƬӡֺ֮ϣڻǸطһƬռѾһᾳ֮ڡ
ˣаʩչаҪס۶·˫üһ壬¡¡ȵ̫аٻˣսز٣Ҳһѵ˵һô
Ц춯أ̫аЦһСëӣмֻǲ㻵Ҵ£ԼսΣȻ㣬̫аۣɲ˵ģҲӦ´Լ
·üͷһ壬еҲģһҲȲˣסҵģսɣ
춯صа·޵һʱ뵽ģǾܵȵģλΰаۣƳҲܴӾ׵Ķʱ䣬֪ŪʲôصĶ·ġ
չ˫ǣſƬռ˹ȥ
Ŵǰһģ·Щˣʱ䣬Ҫʱ䰡аʲô
ϵ·괺ЦˣٲȴĿѪѾ·޾ȥһа֮ڣȫԴɽڵ³ǣ۶ȥ
۶Ѿ˽֮ã߹ģ
ռذһԻͳǶĴߴǧ֮ϣưֱ·ѻĽƵĴ
ʱ˿̣͹ȫ壬ݹԵ壬ľšԶͲʱӱ޵ʹߡ
ƥһȥ͹һ޿֮ǰһߣһ߾ʬ뼸Ĵ֮ڣ港õʬǣںɫʬҺڣȳֱ֮⡣
ͬûŵûһľȻĽʬ£Ȼϳȥռʬ塣
Գʮ֮ӿ˳գֺһڻͬʱڵĴ·޸ϵǰɣ̫аҲĴ
ȻͣĻƣľȻֳһ־ϲ
һ⴫˽
̫аùλˣɣ
·˫ִϵﵽϵĿѪţĿһ·ޱаĴɱĵ۶ӵ¡


409 һս
ڴ֮ϣ
һƬֺһĺڻɫĿ֮ڣͬڳһؼס
յһ·޵һ˴֮ϣһͬˮһ㣬ˮӵ⼤ϵһߡ
֮ڣζľʯھ͵Ľڿѣǵһ죬еⶥһ·أСãˡ
·һûܺŭһᣬһһصļӳȥѾбþ춯ءԴӽ֮һνͷŵ˿ֲĵز
ʮﵶ⣬ʮĿѪХȫʮ׵ܺڻ˫ͬһ㣬ŰĸĴ
ʱ˿̣Ц׻޵Уһߡһѵλʶ޾Ŀɿڴ
찡ڵǰվƬ̣Ҳȫ֧֣˵սˡ
˶һۣ׻޵˵ѣۣⷬ磿
ЦҡҡͷȻ˵ܴﵽ˾Ͳн֮ˡ
˾ԵͷһԶ˷ְա
·˫ֳ̧˫ֵϾ٣Ƭռ֮£¡¡˺ѿռײ
⽫Ƭûڵأ¡¡Уͷ·޴һаô
û£ϵѹѾôһ𣬺粨ΰӿ
֮£ʮĽ͹̧ͷ죬ϸǲ־塣˵£жҲͲˣ
ажŭеһλаۣ˵׼սǣҲɵ㣬ֻǴһ٣ʮˣܻٶ֣
·޵У죬һŤķս֮Լа۲ϧ裬Ȼдаû죬ֻǶ̶죬·ףǽ֮
΢΢һԥԶ˽е·ޣܻ⹫氡
·һͷԶԶķһˣòڣȴԼľ˾˰ɳ졣һ⹫ڡ˫һһϻȥ˾ӭȥ
˸·ڰй¿ͷɳվϵͬˣһȡ
ɳһ۵ϲᣬ֣ҿ̾úӰġܻͺð˾ˣ
·޼ʵ˾ˣ⹫ôڵ۶֮ڣ
ɳ˵λаħԴɽøʣͽǰʮĸļ°۶֮ڣǼ壬ͣ۶Ӧ裬Ѿδ˼ˡ
·޴ŭð˵а۾Ȼ˲ݣʩҲŹģ
ɳͷ
·˷˵档
ɳͬԴɽޣмʮ֮ڣ壬Ժ㳲дϵλ꣬һ˶߹ȣһħаܣÿһ¶ԴɽڳΪĹ¡
һ꣬ټʱ·ѾɵӢ꣬ΪһλʿʵԴصһˡ˷׷ǰݼ·ҲһһʱȺ߳һһ˲ס㵹һֻƺϲ᲻еͽܰͽܣΪʦˡ
˵̫ھףȻһλͽܣͷʱмϵãȴλԺĵ¾ʦֺЦֿҡͷ
·ǰ񣬽еʦһɺá
¾̾ã̳ź󣬸ǿȻԺаһˣʦѧɽˡ
·Ц𼱣ѧһλа۴λˣеĻʦѧ
˴Ц
ʮֻСɵİ·괺Ĵ£۶֮£һַǷ
˶࣬½½ԽԽ࣬۶࿪ٳһƬյɸޡ
ڶȻӿϣԴصĽߣڿǰľ˵۶֮¡
Խ࣬߸Լ˱֮ǰӶܱն˽ţҪ·޵񹦡
һλߴﵽ׵çһܾȻﵽ۷壬ͷһ£·սĿġ
׻޵ԷУȻЩˡ붫ЦˣԷܡ
·ޱŲ֮С
ͷϣ·޴򿪼ʯݣǰڵֱֱˣȻϢ
·һλçײ󺺵õᣬĳ˹Ŀ׶˫һֻﵽ׷ԲĴľɣȻƿռ䣬·ͷ˹ȥ
Сӣүȿûб°ɣȻܵĺã
˵˴˵˼
·Ҳ˵ľӳȭȥȭӴȭڴ£Сÿ
¡һ޴䵽·ȭͷ֮ϣҲûвһľ

޴˲仯ȥȻĶ˫Ȼ»ƣһ
˰ΣǸ׵ĸߴ۷ߣȻءһƬ
·ԶЦ׻޵˵аٲǾһͬһϣǷֳʮ飬ϳơֻ̫ˣµߣ˳ʮ֮ɣȻࡣ
һһӦ
·޻ߣемֵĸж
֮룬ڵߣûһĹ
һụ̋Ѿǧ׸߿ա
ɱ·ٴβһ·ʣȵ̫аô


410 а۹λ
ظðˮͷǻһ֮󣬾ֻʣһˣٰȸղһ°ɣһͬӵһߣȻſһ죬Ӵɳһ
̫аۣڳ
һѾ֮ã·޵ʱǰ֮ˡ
λȼյаԵػɵһλꡣһаЦ⣬˫絶ֱ
̫ŵ϶ȻԼһȥ·޻ҪƯ࣬ȻһϮΣֻ˫Ļ磬·Ϥġ
̫аۿǰλ꣬ԷĸоѾɲ⣬Ȼἱһΰаеӣվλǰ
ϧˣаһЦ¡¡˵һΣͬĴ󲻻ٳˡ
·޿ܲѾų֮⣬һսҲһսһɱݺᣬӿĿѪХһڵ֮ϡ
ĵ⣬а۲ò֣صĽϵϼͷų
·޿棬ڶѾڸף׻޵붫ЦĴ£ֳɰٸСӣŴײȥ۶ܱ֮࣬ǳҫ¡¡ײԴɽ
ûİԶȡʤ˵ײ£âƿҲֻʱ⡣
аûȥ˵ĺΪȫ·ϣеϼѾһľͦХ
·޻˫֮Ѿû¶ȣа̫ˣλɣֻأ˶ա
ڿ֮ϣ
ĿѪϼ˹ȥ
¡¡һΣһײ֮£·޷ǰĻ
֮һ֮Ѿ췭ڸľ
аȻ۷֮·޼ӳȫ֮ǰеϼ¼ȥһȴƬƬɢڿС
а۷ЦããĶ֣аһսСӣɣ
֮ϣȫ·޵ĵ⣬ĵӰ˰Ŀռ䶶Ϊ֮ҡΡ
аۺ뿪еϼ£޵֮£ϼ¾һ֣ŵײ˹ȥ
ա
ݺϼԵ֮ϣֻһȫọ́˷ɻңХ󣬳ֳԪһǹ⣬䡣
¡¡ͬޱȳصɽſ۶֮ϣɢȥ޵ĺ֮£ڴ˻ɽ˳۶֮ڡ
ʮ͹զˣã˹ȥһ̣жûеȵ
Ȼڴʱ淢䣬߿֮ϣа˫̧˫̧Դɽ֮ϣֳ̹ɫƣ״֣ʮ״֣Сһȴţһ˫Ͼȥаһ֮ɫȫȻɫǣѪƤ͹СӽĿѺˡ
ʲô
޾ˣǰĲԴһ𲨶׻޵ۿһðߣۿɼģȥ̣֮˻ҰɫȻУͻأıһѷ״ڿƮɢ
·ޣֹڳȡصľԪЦȻɫʱ԰ס
̫а۵аʩΪ沨һɢţԪа˫־£ȥ
·Ѿܵ˶Էаΰضʱһһߵ⣬ֱֱаۡ
·ڵС磬Ҳͬʱʧ·ڵÿһԴأСа۵а֮£˥ȥ
෴ģаѹۿЦţ˫ּ۳һֻ޴壡ֱ״壬·޵˹ȥ
һӣɢȥ쫷һɨ˵۶жڿѣҰɫֲ壬Ҳ̱ɢˡ
еˣ˿а˫ּɫ״ɢˣҲǽ³Ѫ̫ŵۣЦţϵĴӵĳȡ˫־ȥ
һ̵ֱĵһа͡
ֹ
·˫۵ɴˣڵСķŴ֮⣬꼫ܲڴʼ˫ּž졣ܲסĴ֮ϣˮǡϢͻȻϣһƬ֮Ȼ紺֮ɣҲڷ̡
а˫һͣ۵״Ѿﵽһ֮ޣʱȴֹˣȻ̧ͷ·һ˫Ϥ۾Ŀ
аааԹаѹһ㣬һλ֮ˣῴ͸ôΥ̫ˣҲ֣Ҳ⵽ɵģаλɣ
·˵һ䡣˫ֻϺȻʧˡ
ԴɽСţһ޵һġѾ֮Դɽϵ֮䣬ֻ·ţѾɢ΢СĿ֮У޵Ҳȫǵ
·۾Ŀаۣ˫ȥտյģϿһ

ХƬռչ޼֤ΰʱ̣
а۴˫ۣŵĶ·ޣ˫ֻһ֮޵Ĺ壬ǰɢȥӢͷ׵Ŵ£겻ȴĵ£ˣ
һ͸ʵʰĶ΢˳ȥ
ǾĲǣ
ӡģ塣
·޳ȵλɡ
һεĻ򣬵һĵС


411 
Ӫĵ۶ڻûбסɨĵطһƬ棬ܲ͹Ҳȥ˲ֹĴۣѾǲɱˡ
·괺Լˣ͹İ£ҵа۴Ӹѹı⡣һһǼᣬһһ졣
ʱ·޵ʶȻһֻϣһϺʯɵĳ׵ĴӡǶӸȤĺϤֻȥ
΢£ֻĴ·£ȥ˰ӡ
ǧֹֻͳǰ·һöϣʦʹ尡
пˣ·޺ȻЦ
֮󣬾عŹһɽˮСɽ⣬һСɽ֮ࡣ𼸼®ᡣ
һ죬һλʮ꣬СϪСɽǰ
ɽǰСʯ·ϣоһͣȻˡǰС硣һλСкӣɴֻںڵĴ۾
˭ҴСɽ֪ס˭𣿡СӺʵ
һ㶣˺벽һ֣˵±߹Хƣ˼켸ڿˣΰ·ս
СЦЦĶȻ˵ͬ·޽֣أȻɽȥ
һ㶣ʵСӣ˭㻹ȥͨһɣôԶܲͬһӶְɣ
СǿȻеΪ·֮£´ɽ
˵˫һ֣ܲϲ˿һֻСϣֳһֻɫܵĳ߳
ˣֽ·˼顣˼ǵø紫һ˵ХһһȻõغַܲһصļӳ֮£һС
ХƼ׶æһֻܵ˾Сɽǰ֡
Ƕ⣬һֻʮ׸ߵĴԳ§һССֻӵСѾͷͣĺšСѾͷһĴץһѣһַҪµءߵһֻ˺ʱϵĺ֮ЦѾˣĿŴԳ
Գ˵㻹ʲôһ˼óԿˣ㸺ġ
˺˵ˣģһҲʡģϺ˵󲻺ڸ˻쿴ӣҲҪҷˡ
ԳĽѽҽеСѾͷڻ˽˵֣ͺˣ뿪·˼˼ҿܲˣһῴ롣Цţ޴ޱȵĴ죬СѾͷ£СѾͷܵëĴʹС־ȥԳһ㣬һ¾ûӵСѾͷŭŽС־ȻԼзȥԳæĽУιúãԳˣҺˡ
СѾͷŽСִﲦڴԳľϺݺһ¡
ԳһʹֳӡȴޱܵЦţ˵˼˼оǸСۡ
˺ޱӵĵһ̣òȥС˼ܵѾ˼Ҹûˣɻǿ֧š
ɽһǰ·ڳϱĿСɸ˹޺޵Ķ
㻹ȢС檰۾Щס
·ȻΣ˵û˵Ȣ
С۾һ죬û˵Լȥָ֮һɽȣȿڴ˼²ݷľλɫŮ
飬λǵ
·Ѿ֪ˣֻ벻λͬй飬ÿÿ𣬾һƬᣬԴû·ķһš
СɣȻ˵Сɣͬ飬ҲǺܺõİ
һ仰ڣСѾצ
·޴󾪣ٿĿռѾ֮ܵ⣬СɼСɽϴԶ
·ޣҹ
ɽһյϣǰķڵϣȻ̧ҡβ˹ȥ
·ͷϣݺһ£ЦһֻǣôǱģ̬
һĬĽ尤ȥ
·ػССݷ
ʦǰ
ɡϣ˵
·Ŷ롣
ϣͣԼĵӣ˵ˣһҲûбչһ𣿡
λһ׷գ·ٲò̡
·ЦʦҲ룬ǲӦٽȥ֮֮ϣǲǻиΰľ硣
һ仰յɴ˫ۣų˷ܵĹ⻪
ͽӦûи֮ЩһֱڸĽǴѾµķ֣룬죬Ҿôı䷽λȥһȫµ½ȥҲǿ½֮ϣиߵʽͷ۾ų
·Щˣ£Ҳȥߵĳ嶯ͷ˼Ƭ̣˵ҲãʦȹȥһУҵȻµ紳һ
ããϣĻ󳩡
ʱȻһɽǰ˹˵۱£³ʦʦ·ţһ۵ķּӹĹ֪ιʣҹѾռ߳ǣʮ۳ֹ
·һüͷ˵µôߣȴֱɽǰ
ɽͷ̧ͷʱѪ죬ؿ޵·ſ֤
·˵ӹһҾһΡ
ͣһᣬһĽƴӰǸĵز֮ˡͬһֻֽǿƷǰ漸С֣дţ·ޣӹٸҺΪʮպ
˫ֶһСƣȴͬһ֮ذǿ֮֮ķ뻳ٿ˼ͷȥ
һˣɽ£һͬȥ
С֮⣬ϣһˮĶϣһ⣬ֱ֪ͨȥˡ
==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================