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ݼ飺
֮·򷨹һֻΪգշǧ츳вͬеóһմ˰֮еó棬ܲٿȻ֮𣻸ߣ츳ףսʱԼȼӳԽɱе
ߵ츳ھݴ½֮Ϊꡯ

ţⱾ齲ģһȡ꣬ȡ츳ΪõĹ¡
ڣԻֲᣬ˰ΪٵһδԽɣ





Ш 꾭
ͽġ꾭ˣ
ɨɮĬĬؿŶǰֻСӶżϣͷģȻһͷһõţп㣬ǣ˫ֻŰƨɣЦһź
͸ķСݵ̬˺޲մʺĲЬһЬ׳
ʦȲ˵꾭ڲؾ󿴵һĵķ𾭣Щĵطܸҽһ𣿡˼𡶻꾭ת˻⡣
ٷϻʵش𣡡ɨɮü
ѽʦҸĦõʦͽȥɨأҪǸġ꾭£װȻӣĶͷվҪȥ
վסɨɮüͷԽԽˣ꾭оŲ㣬㾿һˣ
ۿ㲻ȥˣصͷһָֻڣһ㣡
꾭Ѿжˣɨɮض
ʮˡСˡ
ʮֻ꣬һ㣬ߣΪʦûмǴʱ򣬾ѾΪʦİ£꾭˵һɣɨɮݺһĹͷʮ㶼ʲôʮ꣬һûô
ž
ͷϻľʹһӣŷţѰܵĻᡭ
µĺԺ
ɨɮʦû֣ΪµĲؾɨ˲֪õĵأűǳ֮Ϊɨɮ
ɨɮĹ¶ŵӣҲɨغС
Դӱɨɮˣʲôãǡе㲻
磬ɨɮ͵͵Ƿˣǵز˼仯
磬ɮ˶лѧϰʮڲؾɨأǻ࣬ɨɮƫƧκһʮ˵ЩǷ˵ĶˣֻܵС
Ϊֲûʮȱһ׷ķΪ꾭
ɨɮ˵ס꾭ǵزĹרſֻ꣬Ҫ£ͿԼ̳λΪһĵز
˵ⲻǺô
ǣɨɮҪǵزһɷҲˡϺСÿʦɷ֤ݵʱɨɮص΢΢һЦ˵ʲôɼҷ𷨣ڷ¶ͽҪΪʦݣŬ꾭Ϊز֮գȻΪʦķ𷨰ˡ
Ƶ鷢˶ʮ꣬ٲԸ⣬ҲóˡʦɨɮʵǸ񾭲
˳µأҲûѡ꾭ϣʦǰžͰѾĶ˲
ʮһС꾭ϵʽûѧᣡ

ҲܵĻᣬɴſڵϣʦĽѵ
Ƶ֪ٴˣÿһʱ䣬ɨɮҪȣûнٲðһٽߣ
ƺЩ⡪߰˷ӣʦĽȴһֱûд
СŤͷȥֻɨɮϣ˫Ŀϻ
ʦ£
ɨɮȻ̾˿µΪʦʵ˵˰ɣ
ǿ̱ʹɬգ洫ּΪʦѡزλļ̳ˣȻ󷵻ش³ɷ𡭡ٹƬ̣ΪʦҪعˣʦͽԵѾ
磿
ʦַˡ
ҽܶײˣ˳ʦ˼Цϣǹϲʦܻˣ
عɷ𣬵ȷǸΪʦ᲻ͽ
Ϻ̾Ϣʮʦ縸ͽӣΪʦʮ㽫꾭һΪʦɷҲб¼̳еز֮λΪʮ˲֮𡭡ϧһֱù꾭ֻ˵һ㣡ƾΪ˵ΪزûʸΪʦ簡
ǲҪʦߣͽ˼Ŭ꾭ˣͽɣһܷ磬ž𣿡
Ц˵źȴ㣬񾭲ǲܴ̼ģƶɮ˳ʦ˼˵£ʹͿҽ
ŶĻɨɮ۾һΪʦߺҲԸŬ꾭ô
˵ģʦΪģΪһĵزžۣͽҲŬһϣ˵ļϿҡ
ãããѵд⣡
ɨɮϲȻǳѽ꾭ΪʦƵظĹӴƽʢ˼꾭ɣη磬̳Ϊʦ²
⻹ð𣿡еܲʦ񾭲̬ˣƲ˼ǵزдͨ磬֮ǰȥڶĵطˣ
գɨɮ۾ˣʵͽΪʦ潫ȥһڶĵط
ֻҪȥҾһŬ꾭˵ն
ֻ뾡ûӪ̸ñΪԼҲ񾭲ɲ룬˵˶飬ɨɮЦգգΪʦʮ갡վΪʦȥڶ֮أ
ںվ
ҷȱӣԸزȥҲ
ͻȻ֮䣬ɨɮͬӴŤͷһֻɨɮƮ裬Ϸգ죬ı󣬾Ȼĸֳһزķ࣬ò뻭ϵĵزһޣ
ʦ㣬ǵز
һˣ
ΪʦȻǵزʮ˲֮𣬴Ըز
ɨɮ˫ĳĺ󱳣οͽȥɣȥɣڶ֮أڼȥɣ㹦֮գΪʦ㽫ز֮λиˡһ죬ʮ˲ظΪϵңҲֱ棡Ըز
ľʦ̵ǵز


001 ƽ£޾
ݴ½³ǣɽׯ
죬շѩõϽ˺һ˪Ժ䳡ǽϣҲһı׶ӡ
Ϊ˱֤׿˵˳Уҵ˽䳡ΧһȦľߡȻһĶҹʿǻȵͷ󺹣ͷƤñӱˮʪˣǰĲױˮ͸ˣƶΪˮ̫ץȱˡ
Ƕ棬ӵ߰ǧ˵ҳԱ
㣬˻ȥߣ
һȥҿˣ
˽ŬֹȺӿ䳡ȺѾ˿ȵˣӣŮˣڷţӵšɧУ˽ǾԼһȺеϣʱбĿܣ
εǣ䳡еտˣƺԶԶûнļ󡭡
壬Ʒ飬
䳡дһһλڹȥһȡ˲ĽһɧȺ˾֮һȺ㵸ظߺˣˣӽˣǼľӢˣ
ù˵ֽŴˣûҲûаգͶȥ˾ۺͶʼɵ񡭡
ϣүϲӽԺ󣬻ҳүǵˣ˽ҲΪϵĳߣȻǰһӣǻõݺݴʮҪͻƾߵͷӡ
ҵտˣ
һ죬˭ڿбֳʵλҸһȡ书ؼõӣȻûбֳ˲ˣǾתԱߣǵ
ţƷ飬
䳡ִһȺŻһ˷ܵͨ죬˽һ˵ĻҽƷˣӽԺÿ¶ܸʮ
˼˵ˮֹס
䳡ĿȴΪͣ£ܿ죬Ծƽغ˳ʧܣ˲Ʒ飬ȡĵʸ񣡡
ʧˣ
ȺУһ׳˴Ȼָ䳡ƿڴѾͷȥһ㶼ʲôûŮ
һʮŮվ䳡ģŵؿߵһʯʾ˲͸ɫãȻؿ˿ϧдһ˿ˣֻѡ
ˢأγ彣˲ϣ
ô
ŮߣԵ꺺Ťͷȥ˽Ǵ˸ɫ˼˵ÿ꿼˶ɱҲһֺˡ
һãһ䳡·ͱ׹׼
ŮԲ㡭Ůؿ۱ŭеĸס
ҧŤͷȥΪŮʧܣҶ̧ͷ˻ЦѻᳰǼҵĸ˰ɣõȴɣǼҽʧȥҲؾ󣬻ȡ书ؼʸ
Ѿͷģ
ײûԼ˼ŮһЦת˲ϵ彣
ž
һֻƺȻϣ彣ŮŤͷ˭Ȼˣʲô
Ůᣬҿûо˼Ŷ
ŮߵһĻЦ̰ƵĽͷСֻһ䣬ˣŲô죿ӣ㸸ǲŮˣŲҲɣ
֣Ȼһʽ׺ˣС㣬ҰʬŲң
㣡㣡
Ů龪ˣǲԵ꺺ҲŤͷһľȺҲѹƲס˽
𣿡
СǰͦʵģôûȻ˵ֻ
Щ̶ۣЦݲûмټ֣ŮȻһǮĶô˵Ĳ𣿲Ҫֻһʽףף𣿡
ŮŭصӷŭΪȣΪãȻΪίžݺ˦һƣܳ䳡
ز͵ҩֻ̼㣬ܷɱĴôΪ˾㣬ƶɮһƵĴۣˣˡ
̾ϢȴЦӣǲԵ꺺ǰ˳־һϣλ֣ԣˣˣһС˼ٺ٣ֵҲ˰ɣŶ
ˣôˣ꺺ŸӡȻͬصͷֵˣһߡ
ɲǼ䣬䳡ٴ˾Եİ
ͬ˸Ҳͬʧɱİ͸һ˿˿Ĺ죺ֻ꺺˵֮ǳ鴤˽ͬһʱŤͷסǶ߰ǧ˵ҳԱҲͬһʱɴ۾ؿ
ѪĿ
̵ģոŪˣЩ˵ķӦ֣ΪԼԽˣԼСһǸǧ꺱ţʸκĿκεĹѪ

ǵģ˵ѾǾݴ½ˣ£ɨɮĹŵӣһ̰ԣ춼׬ǮСУ
ڼǰɨɮ͵˾ݴ½һȴտ˵ӵܡ
һʼЩԹ԰氡ƶɮϱӰ͵ؾľǮ͵͵ذڵ̯֯ʮͭ˿ɫ¼ʮ꣬׬ʮۣһԽǰ׬ҿɶˮƯ
ɵ˲ֵǰ䣬סԼ˭̣С۾ЦзһĻߣ
СһҲһʲôҡĵճӣ˵ˣǸģ˾ŵļ̳ˣϵһȣȫа񡭡
Ŷˣ׬ˣ
Լݣڽ﷢һĹЦŵ߶ȥüʮף¸Ⱦ񾭲
û취˭ûбİã̰أ
룬ǳΪǮĺУ
Ȼ̰ƹ̰ƣĵػǲģղſҪɱӣ̲ס־룬гͶʣƶɮˣ϶رƶɮ
ųߣ׬Ǯӷ𣬴׬Ǯ֮Ҳ
ʲôأϽԣͻȻ꺺ӵĴߴ
ããεͷûɶëһ뵽׬Ǯͻ᲻ʱ䳡ϵţ˼άܴµ»ɫ¼Ʊ۸һֱɵսʯڻ۸Ӱȥ
֣Ҹôָָǿʯ
꺺ָʯַʯ棬һЩ仯飬ŭģĵģ˸еġ
ͿôЦ֣ʮ㡣
Ҳʮ㣬ԵúƵģû취ʵǸŵױȵġ
Ҫ˵ʲô̶ȡ
̲סˣ͵͵أһݹǰ
Уʮ꣬ҵһ̳ˣү
ܼӰ죬꿪ʼϰ䣬ͱֳԶʤͬ˵ǱʣʮʱͲμ˼׿ˣõ˷ĵһ
ʮ꣬ڲ˿ɵˣǽڸ׺ͼλ֮ļһ֡
ʮʱǳΪеġ
һ꣬ѧϣΪʥԪڡ
ʥԪζʲôƾǰֵرУϾܾٳԱȵӡݴ½ʮ˿ڣҲмǧ򣬵⼸ǧ棬ʮǰھĸֻ֣жʮˣ
ǧʷĶʮ֮һ
ڽ֮󣬾˵ңʵ۱˲֮󣬸Ƿһ˷Ľۣ
֮ԽپףΪӵСʮꡯ֮һһǧ

꣺һǧ
𼶣ȫ͸꣡
һǧضӵг󼰵Ľٶȣκ书ܽһǧΪʥԪҲֻ֮У⣬ضܳΪδֹĵľǿߡ
仯ɽΪ˵ꡪɲǰꡣҲ˻Ϊꡪ°빦

ʲôţǣ
ʲôʺ׬Ǯƣ
ͳû𣡣
ʼ˲ԣһʱ䣬˶ס˺ֻƫƧĽ͵͵˽
˵ܽʲô̶ȣ
ŻǰԪ¶ΰɣ
ܣȥǰԪ¶ˣҪ˵ܽλԪжΣ
Ƕ̫͹ˣҴģܳΪԪ϶Ρ
϶ΣޣҿŲأˣҲֻԪ϶εǿߣҲֻʮ꣬ǿֵز
죡
ͻȻ֮䣬һڲ̬˵ϸ
Ⱥæȥֻ£ʯϸֳһ㵭İɫâȥʹﵽģԪ¶εı־۾ڤ룬ʯϵİɫâҲԽԽԽԽ󣬾Ȼ˽ڻɫɫ
Ԫ϶Σ
꺺Ӹɬر˳ɼؿϲˣһ֮ڣ£Ҳֻĸףڵȼʤˣ
ҾȻôǿԴȻ۾һֹϣˣˣƾҵĵȼԲʱ򣬾ʽգҲ׬ء
Сʲôأ
꺺һߣҲ׬ǮȥĲ߻أ
ٺ٣ԲסԲסˣͷܳ䳡
˵ʵղŲԵʵںܣȻûεĸоھֻʣһͷƶɮǴŵļ̳ˣ˽ǮӦòٰɣϿؼң˽ǮҪ
˵˽Ǯжأ
һǧһ
ѽʮɣƶɮҪأ
ɣȻˣ
Ķͷӿ˲ɵصԼסʱȻɴ۾̰һ³Ҫˣ
ھļ䳡ٲԼסˡ
ԼסһǰֵһõСԺӣɨ㣬ˮ򲼣ƨֽȵ߰ĳǶ죬Ȼĺ涼ܼһˣ
ֵǣԺﻹͦʮͰһſڣһɹɵĹζƮıɱ
氡
ûĻƶɮҵĵһ˳λ̳˰õļ̳ˣסͰԱߣ


002 
ԽԽ֣ƿԺƫƧһǣԼķš
ԺһޣҲõĹӣǽڶѿ˾޴ķ϶确ش˽Ψһܵס纮ģֻʣӵľú顭
ú飿
°ĥ֪ݴ½ú̿ƶɮЩúӦ׬Ǯɣ
ɣЩСǮʲôؼǣƶɮǴŵļ̳ˣΪʲôסڲأ
Խٵת
ܿ죬һƨɴڵϣᡭ
氡ƶɮ
ͬһ棬ھȻһݴʣ

ݾĵڶǣҷϣ
׼ȷ˵ȻӵзǷ츳ȫûгΪһǿߵԸųܣúˣС󡭡ЩǾĴʣ֮Ը˵˽ңģСӾǸͷβķ
󣬡һǧӵߣȻһˣ
ķǲ׬ǮƵģ
ȻҲԸţʵڣɲˣ
ʱ˵ˣһ꣬չֳ˳󼰵ѧ츳ͬһʱ䣬ʱһʰ쵵Ķߡĺߣޱⲻ˵ŵĿ˳ȥ
ʮʱ򣬾һӮҵտˣ׾ΪһˣҵĶˣǰ߼䲻ĵĹأһɱһɱ˵ζ
ٶȻпᣬȴǱԵĳɳʣĸ߲ɱˣĸ߲ɱˣ
ǵؽһ֮Сذף߶µؾȻǰޣףҲɱˣĲҰ󣬷ûѣ߹ǣ
ֵʮһ꣡ʮ꣬һԱ֮ΪӺˡһ꣬ȥޣ·ɢ״żҵʱСɪɪ棬һͷ׶ĽǶǣ
ⳡ棬ˣһֻƷޣͰ
죡үƾʵһоܿǵԴҲˡ
Լ˵ʣȴ߶µػش𣬡ѪѪöѪ̫ˣȻ˹ȥ

˶ɵˣ
ţǧĶʮ֮һʮӺȻѪȻѪ֢
ʶһпʵӵǿߵ츳ûгΪǿߵԸ
Ϊ˱סܣĸķʱ֮ѾȥˣԻʵοʣǡһǧӵߡǡãڸڹսװĻʵ۱붼û룬ֱӾͰս
һѪ֢ǿߣɱѪȷ磬֫ϱɵսϡ
еˡһʹƺȲԸսϷʲô
ⳡսĽǺ
սУѪ֮󵱳ȥܣΪɳܵķ²ȻȻˣҲҵ棬ɥ˴Իʵ۵ϣΪڹЦǶʱ䣬ݴ½ǣ٣˵ôԻʵǸɵxȻһѪ֢ǿս
ҪǣֶԵģǶѡ񣬶ʲô˲ӵԼ
Ϊҵķ²֮󣬡һǧ޷̾ˣ뿪˾Ϊ䲻꣡

䵽ٴξʹƺܲԸйص飬˾໰Ȼ˹ȥ
ļͱȽˡ
ʧȥ֮ԺԼľ˵̬Ҳĵر仯ˣǿʼڹǰЦԼү
еһЩ˵ĹҲ̫⣬ƫƫǸҷϡҵۣһ䷴ĻҲ˵ָűԼƨŲ
ҪĹûˣ˭
˱䱾һǰǰ˾ļȨ䵽񷿾סǰһҹµŹûᡭϸ£ĸˣǽéԱߣ˵ķ˵·ͼūԴ
˼ǰ޷;˫ĥˣ׼һ֮
׿˵֮ǰһԶҩڿ룬Լڲʯǰ棬Լٴνϣ˻ܸԼһɣ
ϧûеȵֵԼԵһ̣ڽȥˡ
ɣ
ЩֻС۾һֻСͣĻߣҪ˳
ƶɮȻһˣ
ңԽܣ
û£Ҳȫû⣡
̵ġСӾȻȫûһҵͷԣ㰤ˣίˣٵô׬Ϣ
Խˣ
ʱԺӵĴűƿˣ߽һɨӣŴкһ
ڰԹԼݣûôһˣءšˣƶɮ
ž
˵꣬˦־һƣȻŴӣ־Сߵ߸
һӾͱˣϸһֵúˮƵģֻһͨľް˫ֲִڣϼ룬ӦþǸͼһĽɫ
ˣȻҵĴү


003 Ĺƽ
֣ƣƣʲôһǷ΢Ц
㻹Ϊʲô˦һƣ°͵Ӿǿ㲻˳ۣˣ𣡣
𷢻𣬱𷢻Ҹ˵ʵҸղײԴ˲飬˵˵£ΪʲôңվͷغٺһЦ
ʵҲڷٵ˼š
ûӦҵˣרɨͰͼūţҴԼ;Ըйأ
¶ˣ
֮Ҳ̵ĺϲ£ˡ
Ҫֻ֪ͼūţ룬Ҳٰٴ򣬶Լ뷹ѡʱҶһλү˵ˣҾƣݺȴүˣ
ⶼҪлǰһ죡
죬ʧȥꡪȻʲôˣʧȥ֮󣬴үĴһ첻һ죬ɽׯߴůִ᷿᷿˱ŷסԼϽĲ桭ǰǰҴСǣȻָıӽˣ
ΪʲôҴѵһЩСô
Ŷһɣžžүϣ˵Ķ˵ӽԺҲҸڵѾҫ˵ǵ磬ҲǴүˣ
ž
鼤ָһͣδʲôӾǴˣϽˢͰ֮ǰˢʮͰӾʹĹȣ
ˢͰǮһǼƼʣǼʱʣѿڶ
˵ʲôأٴ˰ơ
򣬱ȥˢͰ𣿡
ææ˳ȥ
Цˡ
ʲôүޣӵĴ£ʵʵعȥˢͰˣ
ӣ
·ʱͻȻŤͷߺһ
ʲôţת
ֻһڴֵĴľӣӵıǾǺݺһ£ǰɣѪǺ񶼱ˡ
һת

ѹʱѾ˴ϣƲѪֹסؿӿ
ˣ
ӡǸҷϣ۸Ҳһ֣ղţֵҲһֱӰ
ǽôһˣȻҴˣ˺ķʽ
Ҫǣ֮ЦеضǰƵЦݣֱӵŴСָ߾ٴľӣƺûд򹻣
㣬ʲôʧУ
ңֻһʽףף𣿡
ȻһǮĶ̬ʺ͸ղһģһ̰ƣһƢûС
ӾԲ޹ˣʣʲʲôף
ܼ򵥣ҪŶذָ㣬һľǹƽ㿴ƣҲŴһӣͺܲƽ˴ľӣΪ˽׹ƽУٺ٣ƶɮֻٴˣ
˵ţӣϣ˲طѾѵı֣

˺ѷεزҽУƲܽе̫ҽԺӡ
УУƺܲӵġͦŵڶ£֣ɴأ
˵꣬ӵ£Ǳǣ
ӵıѾݷˣһ̨ͻȧǳе˾󲿷ֵӶġǰɡ
ˣȧҲˣ㲻ⱲҲҪһ˹ˡӾر۾ﻹһĽѣѾ̨Ƶĳٴ˰ɣ
һ̣Լɵĺ
ǣȻֿˣ
֣ô⣬ǲ룬Ҵ̨֮󣬾ͲٴأԴһĺ
Ӹеȵľ֣ʣү㣬㲻ǻɣ
Ϊʲôأ棬ǳ棬⣬͵׬㿴ңҶϸˣҲӦ׬һɣٺ٣׬ٴһӾͺˣ
Բ˴ӣأĴӵϣ
ûǱǣ
ӱѪģҲ˼ţ¶ؿڿһֲİˣ
ˣȫˣϿȥӣһƢûУЩ̰ңסһֻĶħԣǶħһ̰޹µĳħ
ҵأΪݴ½ԭס񣬵һ˽
ûСпȥһźĹϲƣ˭Ҫǵ̻ر¶ڹĺһ棬׳ɧɻ
үҴˣ㣬ͷŹҰɣӺޡ
н׵ĳ̨ЦеʣˣڿԿʼǵĽˡҵĽǣҷ뿪ӦøңΪʲôҴأҿҵĵһ˳λ̳
ңҾ񫣬ȻȥѾҫӿ˵Լ̬
ֻ񫣬͸Ҵҵļ̳ˣ֣ƭСô𰸲⣬ѾӵĴľӡ
𣬴үǧٴˣ˴ӣӿҪˣæ󺰵ҸҴ㣬ȷԭ򣬾죬ңһϢ
ʲôϢգգۡ
ϢҲӦ֪ѵȫˣɫǹϷŪԼӾүտ֮󣬾ÿһεļ峤ϴᰡ¶ˣγϴֻһ£ǣǽţ˵㶼ҪˣһʲôҴģ
ţ
ǰ˵λ϶ǳҪϳңҰҵļҹ棬㲻ܴһӣһ·͵ɫӻȥˣҪѧҵ书Ҳǽϵ书ӵϣȥҰʳؤ·ֱ߱ɱ
ӷ𣡡
վ۾Ҳзһϸߡ
Ȼˣղ䳡ǿԼ۹ⲢڿţڿһĵùɱҲıԼ̼ˡ룬ΪʲôҪɱأһҷϰɣҪˣҪϵ书ˣȥҰʳˣȻ䳡ҫ֣ȣԼʲô벻أ
䳡ϵűݣֻɥӶѣ
°˰Σ˰Цǽ׵һ֣ٿϴҹȥô


004 ϴ
Ҫȥϴ᣿ү㣬㲻Ƿ˰ɣ
ĻŵӣǿһֻӴ߳ĳޣϲԻ˵֣ү峤Ѿˣû»ҪҲѵأ㣬ʱȥǡ
㲻·𣿡°ͺٺһЦ
ңҴ·ӱˣԥس˳ȥ
ԸɫУﰧԹ̾˿
ΪƶɮԸȥԿϰ
ƶɮǲܲȥҵĲƸҲмʮҪǱˣʧȥ˼̳˵λ⼸ʮҲûˡΪ˼ʮҲֻܻȥˣ
ߺߣƶɮԸ˳ǣ̽⼸ʮİʱһ£У׬ǮһȥͶ
ɣȻˣ
Ķͷæ£
ҪԸ峤ϣҪľʵǼ峤Ƕʲôʵأ
ԪڣϾðʣ
ڣǽʵʻĳ̶ȣսзӳֲʦǿߣ
Ԫڣָھ׶ΣӵаԪ֮ͿԽ棬ͨתĳʷӵԽ༫޵ˮƽ
ٸ˵磬һλԪǿߣڲðԪԵʱȭҲֻİٽһ˰Ԫ֮ͻᱻǿʮڼʮһȭ֮ʯҲڻ£
ҵļλϣȫǰԪڣ
ԪҲΪΣǴ󲿷ֶ¶ΣֻжΣˣǰԪ϶ΣԵԸɵκһϣȺŹҲڼϵΧȫˣ
Ŷԭôǿˣˡ˫ʵԱȣЦİٱ
ջѩϵĻѩаߺ淢֨֨
ӵ£ֱɽׯߴһӽܵү㿴ɽĸСղؼѧؼ䱦ĵط峤ϴᣬڸĵһ
ͷصסˣҵĲƱڸ桭
һ·˾˸ţſżʮҲøǽ棬ֱƵ˸棬ԶԶصţԼ˽ȥ
ƾǰµİԪ֮ʮûĽŲ
ϴڵһ㡭
ӵѣŵһȴź棬ɻûվȽŲ洫һ
Ҳͬ⣡ô˵Ǽĵճӣ׷𣡡
ﳤϣĹǣҲһ룡ЩΪ˶ӣʧ˶棿ͷ֮ް
̵ģӾվ˭ҷ
лӼ죬Ӧӣ߸ɴ೭һﶯˣ
ѽѵ滹֧ƶɮΪƶɮͷƴôС۾ʱһź棬Ĭذ
ƶɮûȫǰļ䣬׬Ǯ뷢ƣҪ۲׾
ܿ죬עͣϣ
һڴǸʮ꣬ĺ;Ϊƣ˵϶ĸߵܵˡ
ߣͣһɫůΣĸηԣ࣬ɣȻ֪˭Ǽ߲㿪ᣬֱӰ˽ҳ᳡϶Ǹ˲õĴﰡ
ǸִĺУ
͵֮ʱиոƷӣ£¶˴ʾأ
常ûһů
Ǿĸɵߴ֮һУ

кơ
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˵ʵӶɶҲľˣƨˣһ뵱ǸԼˣˣ˽ӵһҲסļ̳˵λˣ
˵һ飺Ӳͬ˭ҷԣͱӷˣоɰƵĴȭͷ
ǵģɰƵĴȭͷһҲûţǰԪжΣóǿȭͷô츳Ĳͬڳˡ
ͷˣ㲻ɣ
ж棬һ˻վ
ϹϣƾԪ¶ΣҲսңвмƲƲ죬ĵȼɱϹϸһΣԪжΣԵʮо̵Ϲϱ
У㲻Ҫ̫ˣϹϵĵȼȷʵ㣬ɼأ
ԱߣһݵĺһЦҲǰԪ¶ΣҺϹ֣¶δһжΣɱ㣬練ƣ
УСһһԺˣں°͡
£
֮ʱǸ귢ˣ
ȻͲ󣬿ƺ̲һĪϣһڣǾʵʵ
ϿᣬӶĳ̶ȣȥһ³𣿡
۾ɨߴϣȻۿһģһС۰˲ӣ̰ȣͫϸ͸һĺɭɭ⣡
ҳȥΪһôͬ˲룬ȻʱҲûоǾ˵仰ˣ
ҽ飬ҷϵ书ûعң
͵
ҪǱ˵⻰Ҳˣ٣ܵܣһĹѪװ
ܷܵ磬̵ģ磡
ǰķ߿ͱ߿
ǰʦûˣҲͲ˵滰ˣ㲻ͬǲǾô۲̲ôִӻһŵǣҿ⣡ɽׯϵǧĶֻҪ˫ַϣ
ǧĶ
̵ģһӶԺȲľ޴Ƹ
пһĭֱزˡ


005 ֻǽס
ƺܲס¸˳һŵλм䡣
ﳤϣһֱͬҲΪ۲ͬóһݵ͵ڱĸǰȻˣҲ⣡ɽׯ
ү̰ͼ𣿲Ҫң
ﳤƺܵ˼裬ҲǣڳϴϹлߣⲻǵҪǮҪô
һ棬ﳤضŵӶҪתˣүңҲǷԷҵ˼ǡˣҵ˼ǣǱģϾǼĵճӣǷҪи˳Ľڲǣ
ˣ
ָǽ滭񣬡ܣԱԣڶʧ꣬ɥҵ棬ǷĽڣ
ǺǣȻǺýڣýڡﳤϵͷĽĵĨ
ﳤʶʱ񰡣
˼ȲɨϣﳤѾͬˣأģһҼ̳˼λã϶˸λϣ
ǹ˵Ҳ޼ɵػ¸
û˷ô˰Σûг˵֣Ǻãλ鸸ףϵ书źˣ
žž
Ụ̊Ѿźȡţֻλǩˣ
ԭС׼
ûעĽ䣬жֱߵĵӶˣ
̰ģģ
̵ģСˣʲôˣлߣüǧĶؾӳɶô
̵̣үүҲˣ
ž
վץǰţڿУڵȥ
Уô
ǰӷˣ
䣡
һȭӣ˵һ飬Ҳͬ˭ҷԣɱӣ
˵ţһŰɫĹâǰԪڵһӦáǿԭеǧ֮һߵƾһ˫ƾ˺Ѹ
Ԫâ֣ɾս˼ˣ
ǵɫ䣬ϣҪǾô
ٷϻ˵
вˣֱ٣٣Сˣж㣬ͱ磬̵磡ôãȷ㣡
еӿ棬ٲŲæֻǸոﳤϴһɫ
˼ǣôѾõˣﳤϣҲñˣ
үﳤסУʦֵܣӣֵΪƴһ䣬ǩְɣүģ
ҪҶˣɫޱ䣡
û뵽һվԼģȻǸղŻ֧ﳤϣͬ˵սѣ
Ҫվϣлڱɫﳤϡ
̵ģﳤҲǰԪжΣרٶȣһ콣ʹñٻҪ죬һ仰û˵꣬Ѿ̴˵˵࣡
ⳬԽٵĿ콣͸ֵĿǣ
ǿǣΪ
̵ģƴƴˣӴҧأӲͷƤײﳤϣ
УһУͱҲֵˣﳤҲ¶˾ģһϸĳУ
ͬϤﳤϺϲԼĽٶȣһ̧𽣷棬һеĶҰײԸҵʽߣУҳ󣬱ײϣҲֻ·һҵľٶǰײõô
һգ۵ĹﳤϾͳб
ۣ
ӱ룬ִؿѪܵͻ˳
ҵȼͬٶȲңսģֻ㣡ֱʱﳤϵĺ仰˵꣡
һ仰Ĺ򣬼ӣʹ̴ӵš
ȻҵĿǰ
ббع˽ϡ
žž
һԵ̲סƳޣʣʣﳤϣ㲻ҵĵһ콣
˵꣬ǰŪؿͻĽ⣬ЦʦأƢأǺǣҸһλᣬǩְɣֻҪڷǩ֣Ҿ̸õҽӦǧĶҲһ㣡
ޣ
һƣ۾ѾˣؿڵĽҲʹֻ³Ѫĭӣǩ֣԰С˵øӹ£Ƚүү
Ҫ
ٺݺ˦һƣŭﳤϣ̽зʬסҪֳ飬ҵ򣡡
һЦҪ˶֪˭ұҵʬΨһ³
ǣﳤ䣬ͻȻγ˳
ͣ
壬׳˵ϣѪ˳ſȥ˵Ķ
ʱһֻƴ˽У常ԲסˣǸɶˣˡ
ƶɮĵ̫ˣһοѪȳ棬Ȼŵôɵ˼ӡƶɮǰӷӦ常Ҳᱻ˴̳˰
ӣƶɮջضϢܲزۣ

㣬ôˣԼľȻһȻܣܰ𣡣
ɵΪʲôҪأԴ棬˿ڣ㶼ˣҶҲջЩϢȻɾͿˣˣ
˵꣬Цеسﳤ֣Ǹﳤ𣿹һº𣿡
ճֵʱﳤҲһһľȻƲЦ˳ԭҷϣ
ӡУǸҲһֵҷϣʲôµģ
΢Цﳤ
ôЦؿţﳤϣ̧ǳԽٵĿ콣󣬳Լʺ
ͻȻ
֣ˡ
ֲﳤϵĽ
ž
ûκ˿һƺݺﳤϣһݱˣ״ﳤϵſ˵ϣ
Ϊʲô˵أﳤϣٶȵȷܿ죬Ҳÿ˭ҵٶȣǡþͱһ㡭
ƺܱǸӣ֣ˣϢջˣǽ̸һʽװɣȻһǮĶλϣ㣬٣Ҫ常ҪݻᣬԺ󲻵۷ҵ飬˭ԣ뿪۰ɣ


006 
˻
ڳǵļӡУһƴﳤϲֵ֣ϾǰԪ϶Σﳤϸһȼ
ɹؼǣǸ˲һ죬˲һֵĶҷϰһҷϣȻҳִˣ
ˣﳤҡҡλεҪվûеسһڵϵĴľӣﳤϵţ飡飡飡žʮ£Ҳطű֣
ﳤŵˣӣûʮʱˡ
ǣ˵仰ѽǲ˵⽻׻ôа
һ߿ﳤϣ޹գգۣѵǶʶˣðɣΪ˽˳УҲֻҽһˣңҵļ̳ˣԪ϶ΣλʦӣⱾ귽ʮУδ飬ϲ׬ǮĿǰȻΪ㣬пܼ̳ҵļʮ
ɣˣ
Īţ˿ͱһζʲôѣʲôţʲôǿʲôеǹ̸Ц
Ѫľ
ȣ˿Ѫĭӣ˿ðѪСӣ˵úã˵úãҵΨһ̳ˣ
ʮˣʮˣӵڿǿӲһˣ磬ѪǿΪûвڵԼսҲֵ˰

߶߶ţϻཻɫ
ô죬ˣҪô
ƨѽǿӣҴģһǸ˳ͻСӾԻʹɱ֣սҲҪǼģ
ǰȻսʤбҪƴ𣿡
ѶϢڳǵдݣܿ죬ʵʵĲҶˣ
žž
ԵļžУٺȻ΢Цʣʣһ仰ŵ϶Ҷˣǰ͹ˣ
Ǿ͸ЩѰɣʮˣ۾һ
Сʲôأ
˼첻˵ҲȤ˺ܶأ
ϸ۾һĨĹâٵЦͻȻʧˣҲҪ˵̫ˣҵ͹㣬γûе͹ң
㣿
ǰҴ볤ϴᣬ޷ԳӵаԪ֮ȼ߹ڳгϣڳ֮⣬ûңҵʵľͲ𣿡Ц
ٵʵ
ɣ
ƶɮû
ⲻܹƶɮھļٵ书ǿ׿˶ûвμӹʵϵңǸǮһ
ڿСӻʵô
뵽ˣǵģʵ꿪ʼͿʼˣʮ꣡
Ƕҳ֣ǾԶԸˣҼס٣ҲǸѷŰ
˵ţųһŵǳɫâ
Ԫ¶ΣŹâ壬Ǽ
̫ˣ
Ұȥ꣬ʮʱԪڣѾ䶯˴˭뵽һֳ٣ȻʮʱҲӵ˰Ԫ֮
ţ
ֵ⣬ǱֵܣӦӵв츳
һжڵʯ֮䣡
չ˰Ԫ֮ʮָ£Ϸ˫˳ҵĶƷɽ
㿪һƣѧٵҲ˳
û취ƶɮûվµ书ʽҲֻѧˡ
ҲûʲôûʽƶɮĵȼҲ߹Σô㣬
Цӭս
磬ɫɣǲǾȼ߹ңô򣬶䣿
ƺӵпĵһӭսһٴ˵뷨ˣһûжԼأ֪ҵʲô𣿡
ЦУٵͻȻɢһŵ¹⣡
ûĹââٵĽ¶˲ɢȫȻ¹ķ¡ϴȼɫˣаɫɫȻ˵ǳɫ
Ԫڣүʱӵ˻Ԫ֮ʧ
ʮʱԪ¶ΣѾ˷ˣڣٴνԼȼ׶ΣӵȫѹĻԪ֮
ʮĻԪڡ
ǧʷֲֹ
ⲻĻԪ֮
ϹϱϾ곤˳Ƕүӳ֣үãǽԼȼΣ찡Ŷͷүѵǡ
·
ġһǧʮսĵλҵ꣬ǵڶλ£

꣺·
𼶣Ⱥ帨ϵ
·һΧڣʱָѡȼΧСȼ٣ȡӵ֮ĬԼӵߵ
仯ޣ

ȻٱʵǿʵǿףȻܽԼȼΣһӾѹ


007 ֻǴͷ1
Ԫڵص㣬ǽĳǿʮʮ
ǻԪأ
Ԫڲܹǿʣܽų⣬γɡԪӵԶ̴
˵ԪǸսţʿԪڣԶ̴ħʦħʦӵţʿһǿȣţʿҪǿ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죡
ٻشϵ⣬Ҳٴεģ˱޿ɱܣ
ۿ㲻ȥˣ͵ػ˫ӲӲӭȥɻû˵ƽӴٵͷһŻɫĹٶȸ죬Ƶغؿڡ
ǻԪеģԪ
ɣ
ؿڴʹ߹ǡǰɣǰɡض˺ü̲ס˵ϣƺ඼Ҫˣ
ˣˣ
ƶɮѾһУûм㵽ٵ갡СӣȻӵд˵е·
ҵĴ磬ôܵܵʵ
һŲϡ
ر۾ýֺҲ֪㲻Ҳһѹͷϵĳ谡
ô۾ˣúÿһ׵ܵܣһ򡮲硯ٰ
ٺݺݵذǿƤۣҵӣ
ƺѹ˶õйЩˣ˵˺ܳһλ
ҵĴ磬ЩܾĿ˶ţҸ˵ϣ׿һۣͰȷΪĵһ̳ˣƾʲôƾӵСһǧӵбȱ˸ٶô
ҲţҲԴ꿪ʼÿ춼ƴˣһҩһˣһԷһ˵ڴϣҲڹΪģ׷Ľȣ֤ٲ
ǰǰʧˣҷϾȻʧȥꡭ
ûһǧʲôٵһֺȲϣʮ꣬ôʧȥĿ꣬ʱɱĶˣ֪ô
ӣԹض˫ۣǽһľϲҵҴ磬㾹ȻҶִˡллᣬлʮŬ׻ţ
˵ţ˷ܵغݺһţţ
ɵȥײǽϵ滭棬صˡ
軹ԶԶûн
˶ҿţţ
ץסͷڴչٿôţǧʷǿĶʮ֮һڣŰҵǸǸǸԶҲڽµҷϣ
ɽׯ
죬ǿ쿴
һȻɽׯĵƻ׷׶
ôܣȻүˣ
ʲôܵģûүĻôүǱҪǿŰ
Ҳн죬ǰүʱȥˣ
үһȣûж꣬ҲǸһĲֵķﰡ
ٺܵڴ΢Ц⣬ߴôʼղң
ŶүҲ˹ղŵļأҪƴأڶүǰЩȥˣҸ㣬ʵϣˣԶˣһӶעǸ
˵𣬡٣ҪǸӵӸˣαء
ұ죡һץͷһָУʧߣûʸּۻۣҾҪչҪҾҪˣǸԶҲҵķ
չƣơ
غٺһЦǼµӣǣ۰ɣҪʲôۣ
԰
ץƣϵѪ⸡ǽдһ仰ʮ³֣֮
̵ģдд𣬡СӣҪд⻰ⱲӾͱ̧ͷˣ
һӳĴ֣
ѡһ֣һ̧ͷĿ
ˣ常׬ˣܵ·ıǮĨ˰һƬѪбǮǲܴͷ׬ǮǮƶɮͿ£һҿ׬Ǯһҡ
ɣСˣ
п룡
ס֣
Ҫд³֮ʱȻһٵĴ󺰣
һɫ׵ʿ߾һţĿ䣬λϣѾ֪ˣǼ仰

ˣǾĸף
֣еʿ⣬ʿֳּż֣ͳͳſµﳤҲŵƣǿſ
˵Ƿ׷׵ͷ
Ҫʵĵһ仰˼ҵͬôʿʡ
⡭ǻ࿴˿ٿڵѾһˣǰίиλϣλϵȻʸ
ãһ仰شĲ
ʿŭ٣Ҽסڶ仰ӽκκ۷֮£Υߣң
ɣ
ԭѾչһˣǿԼ˼
ѹ˶Ծݰٰ裬Ҳûվ˵һ仰أ
˿ﻹеĸо
˵֣ڱչнӣԾǲģھļȻȫ벻ʲôֶԼ˵ʲôʲôӶ벻ˣ
ӾȻ׵ò
ԽԽ֡


008 ֻǴͷ2
Ѿλأˣʿż㣬ת˳ȥ
ô
Ѿٰ裬ֻһͿԷˣɼƫƫʱ顭
ҧأԸҲΥ
վס
ٺȻһЦ
үѾ˼ûʸ£ʿζ˶١
ߣҲҴȥٵЦݸ䡣
ʿȻ磬٣֪Ҵ飬ǹȻΥ㸸׵Ϊҡɽʿ죬ȫʸɱ㣡
ǾͶһԣ
ٻ벻⣬ɫůΣɽͷ죬ϵ׻ִˣΪһ׼ûôÿůεӣ׵ҲΥҲǸһ˵ġ˵ô
ٶ˵
ůﴫһţ
˵ˣ
ӯůΣǸʮҵ޷ˣòֵм֮òˣ϶裡
ɣ
˿ڴˣһУؿ׶裬Ȼһ㷴Ӧûô
һ̣س鴤ʹ࣬ﻹžļ䣬Ȼ̳ͻȻ֮䣬ٸԼ貢ʲôˣţϵ书ҲֻСһ
ȫȥɣ
ƶɮֻԶԶض㿪ĵؿһĸ׵ӣȻ󣬾ͶԼǱĲ氡
Ϊʲôƴ˼
ڣˣȻǾ֮ĸıȳ˻Ҫ֣
ھļĸ״ûЦһƵĻû˵֪ˣΪʲôôܼ򵥣Ϊĳϣĸװ٣ĸȴһ֣˾䣬֣Ҫҵĵ̺
趼˵֣˻ʲôģ
ǰܵŰһ룬ڱʹҪȻ˸ҴҵĴүүס
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲôĸ׻ԴԼ
ɣ
͵شӱѳǹһ˿ǷĹЦ
ȲΪʲô˶Դӣ֮ܶˣȻѾӣǾͱƶɮ㲻ˣ
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ʱɽͷǰ񣬡ˣô
Ϊʲô
ϵ鿴ۣЦЦɽʵˣĳϴټģҲҵ⣬ִҪǲҲҪɱ
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ţ⻹һ˻ɣ˼ۿ顣
лˣɽͷվˣȻ֣ɼҲΥĸ˼ٸһλɣ
ʷڣдʱĲᰡ
ƺûɽͷĻ˵顣
ǣүΪѴүϢѪҧָ⣬ԼѪд顭ɽͷС͡
Ϊֵ֣𣿡
ҡͷ̾Ϣ鶪ɽͷ죬ʮޣҲΪһѣˣ㽫ȥٸһʱ䣬һ֮ڣһ꣬սʤٶҾͲˣ

ɽͷιȥ
һ֮һֱ꣬Ƿƨһһ츳ʧȥ˾ԶҲǶϵһ첲֮Ҳܳ¸첲һǾݴ½ʶ
˵һ꣬Ǹʮ꣬һ꣬Ҳһ갡
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һˣձѪڴܴ裬ĸ׳Ϊ֡ЦóˣҪôǷӣҪôԼ̵Ŀֲˣ
㻹ʲô΢΢ü
ᣬҲҪ¡
ĵ߹һЦҾ㣬һһûأˣ
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ҽ˰Ŷңҿ϶ûдˣѵһӦóƺ㡮٣Ǹǡ𣿡ЦأĻȴˣ
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ѪԵı֣ô
ү㸸Ѿȡһʱ䣬ûбҪ
޹أ
ûȰɽͷ죬ǰٺһЦүԲ׬ĶҰҪдǽˣ𣿡
ʶȤٵĮͷ
ϣ˵ģͺãһΪȡ
ͻȻһתҲҼס˲ϲԿҿʲôһʮ׬סǽϵд֣ÿ춼һһ֮һһ꣬Ȼ⸡ѪϴĴ֣
㣬ˣ
ɫ࣬ˣңⶼû⣬Ҫ׼ôۣŲţֻҪһţҵļ̳˱ֲ٣
Ȼвĸˣ
ҪգۣǼȵľǲòƤϸÿһ
֮Уһȳһյȥ常ôǿ׳ɣ
ӵȻСд⻰ʲô˼ܵĳ軹ôǷǲǣпȳһѪ
ǹˣڽûж
˿Ѫĭӣ常㵱ǷӺˣĲϲԿ蹷ҧˣһÿ쿴Ű̺ۣһôҧ蹷һĵ˴ˣ˵ڴ裬Ҳÿ쿴ϵĴ֣һ룬һ꣬ȻһһһҲĽѵ
ЦֻҪÿ춼ܿϵĴ֣常Ųţҿһȥҿ׬һУֻĴͷѣ
е۾ԽԽСӣ֣֣ʮˣһοСô֣ûһв̵Ĵͷ
ͷ
ͷ
˻߳˸ȥԶԶƺÿ˶ǵҲģȴְȻͦıӰ
һˣ£ȴſ£
һ󣬸ͷ


009 ֮˵
ҳ󲻿뿪ĵҹ˾ʹ˴ķ˭ҰѸ淢鴫ȥһΪ棬ɱ
ǣǼչˣʮˣȥӣҲĬ˼ˣһҹ֮䣬˺񶼻ʧ֢Ƶġ
Ȼûв͸ǽڸĸҥԻǴ²д˳
˵ô³ܵܵڸչ赽ûأ
УϢ͹ʱˣҵõϢǣһҹд˻ڹ飬񣬻ڹ黹ڸϹأ
裬ȥ
ƵҥԴ³ǵÿһ䣬ƺǰǿӲֱ˺ˡ
Ҳǣֻʵͽľݴ½˾ˣ˭ʲô
ܿܣ

ϴ֮ĵڶ峿˶ëѩɽׯĺɽһݻѩǣܴһı׶żڵϣžһ졣
żϣԶԶԶĸµѪ顭
³֣֮
д֣ƲƲ죬ƲƲ졭
ƶɮһθоԭϽк֣ܶ׬Ǯֻ֮һ
ҪĽףΪΪѩܣ
ɣ
ƶɮһŬһ꣬Ȼ٣һѩյܴ裡
Ҫ׬ǮῪİ
뵽ȻڴѩлȫĹؽڡ
žž
ÿһĹͷһĴ죬ǽȫˣ׼Զһֱ۴ֵ÷һֻѸ͵ıӰ㸩ȥգۼͳ嵽˴ǰ档

ױһ״ȣ˫Ƴʮָָ棬Դ羢ϣ
ǰɣֱ۴ֵĴһ죬ƴΪ㣬һȦƵ·ӿܿɢɡ¡۶ϣϰѩϿڴβ룬Ӳģ
ùɽ
ƾµͷԣֻһ飬ȫ׻Ʒ
ƶɮȻǿ
ܵĳ˷ܵĴһһƷҲȻɵ
ûʲôƾ壬ƶɮһһ׷٣
ɣ
أ
֮ԶȻһϵ
һʮߣæЦӭȥϣڲˣ常أ
ΪڲҵļҽʦڴҲһҽ
Ӹ֮оһֱԲѣҽأ
ţڲӱšԵúǸ߰ŽȥˣҲѣ
ָָĵط˵˵ˣΪһսʤô
ٺ٣˼
ھļڲǸ£ҲԼѣʵʵ˵
뷨Ǻõģ˾ӦϽġڲһתһȰһ䣬ˣƾһ꣬Ҳ׷٣˻ûзѣ뿪Һˣ
ţ
˺ͳҪƶɮûʲôǶǵˣɺڲǸ׵ŰôҲҪƶɮ
ڲ˵ģûԹô֪ҲܴأЦе
⻹˵ôû꣬ʲôٰ
ڲȻ֪Ϊ˰һ꣬㸸׸˶Ĵô֪һٴΰܸ٣㸸׻ʧȥʲôҪģѾʧȥ꣬˷ͲҪ㸸ˣһ䣬Ͻ뿪Ұɣ
û꣬Ͳսʤ٣
ôҪ
˵֣ǰ֪ʶɲô룬벻һˣ
ǳ죬ƺû꣬û˵һ
ڲ˼û꣬Ͳսʤˣ
ϻĳʶѾˣһʮ꣬Ĺ
ڲЦӲмɫԽԽԾҲʶʲôİЩ֪ʶˣ
֪ڲҽûұʲôʧ䡯Ĺһ׻ԵˣڲҲ֪ȥҹʲôӣʱԱû䣬Ҳûϰۣ˲١롭ǿأ
죬Ļ֪ʶأ߾Щ㻹ǵôڲ


010 ·
߾
оĸƶɮﻹЩ
˵Ǿݴ½ѧԽľˮеΪ̲֮Уȡ֮֮ߵԴ
߾Ϸչȼ
һֻܲھ⹦ս֮Ϊһߣ
ڶѾܸܵγɡ鵤ͨ鵤ӳ˵֮Ϊڶ飡
ַΪƷһƷǿƷ
˵磬Ѿܽ鵤ˣãӵ˳ΪһѧʦԳ֮ΪʥԪڣ
Ҳ߸ȼɫ𽥱ֱǰԪԪԪԪԪԪԼǿĺԪڣ
ʥԪ֮ϣǡľ𡯣ѾûгˣѾ˽ϸ֡
ڸһЩģ徳˵ʣʥڵ߾磬˵Ѿ񣬾ǵһֻڹϵĴ˵֮Уֻһˡ
ˣ
˵ƶɮҪıϳˣƾԪ֮ҵʲôأ
ȥգǿھ֣
ããǿУɣһѧʮӵѧѣһٸѧһǧ
ʲôأ
𣿰ϣԲסԲס
һ죬ʵʵ˵Լɥڲû꣬Ͳսʤ𣿡
Ȼǡ˵һ룬ڲţˣˣȻңϾǼ谮ĵճӣǷģߣȥҸ㽲һ֪ʶ
ȵȣϽСĵſڴ˵ҽ̣ǮһСʱ
ڲ˹ȥ

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ڲϣɫʵң꣬㻹ǵö٣
һҲǵˣС
һҲǵá졭ðɣҴͷ㣡
ڲһ˼ν꣬ʵһꡪﶼԣЩرǿ겻Ͻظֻأγ꣡ǰóͳΪԣ
常оٸӺˣ
ڲ룬һóһˣпܳΪϵ꣡ǿǿǰ
أһСؼ¼
һԸӸˣ˵ʵսһ㣬Ѿ鵽ˣġ·ͿԶʱߵȼ࣡
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һӾ˺ڲԼԭˡ
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ŬƶɮҲ׷ٵģ
ˣΪʲôҪ뿪ˣ
ڲʧȥ꣬Ͳսлöܸӵбٻٶȣ˵ϣӮ𣿡̾˿һעٴΰܸٵģʱ򣬲ûˣ㸸ҲҪܵǣڲһȰ뿪Ұɣڲһӵٻ󻹲𣿡
˵꣬ժ¼ϵҩӣȥˣԼúһɣ
ûпڲ뿪ϣ
ĻȻ̶ҲӵĻ
û꣬ûжսӳ֣ûٶȣƶɮĲһٵģ
Ȼˡ
ܺڲĽ飬뿪Һˣ

һԵҡͷȲ˵Ҽ̳֮Ǽʮ˵ƶɮ赽ʲôز
һƶɮڸӣЦһ̬֡ƶɮĲߣҲߣˣⱲӿɾ̧ͷˣ
ǲߡ
ƶɮʲôսʤأ˼ҿӵƨ·ƾⲻһ·ƶɮпܴ𣡣
ȵȣ
ƨ㣬һ
ƶɮô·ǿȼǿ갡
ͻȻ֮䣬Լ̬֣ƺһ㶼·׼ȷ˵ǲκε꣡ǰ겻Ǹ߸ϣġ񣡣

ΪʲôָоƶɮϰԵ
϶ǡ
۾˼뵽ڲ˵ġһꡭ֮ʱͻȻէ֣޲úݺݳԼһͣ
ɣôˣƶɮʦյһززרŹĵ֮ô
ûֻҪһ֣ͱԤ۵زƲã
ԽԽͨ˳Ҳ翪բĺˮӿ˳ʦݴ½ĿģҶӴ꣬ɡ꾭û꣬꾭רſĹ
꾭ǿԿģ
ٺ٣ˣ
еĿϲһˡ꾭ݡ


011 꾭
ɨɮ˵꾭Ų㾳硣
Ų㾳֣ȡԷڵľԣֱǣ飡ڣͳǢ⣡ģѣ룡
˷˶ʮʱ䣬ֻ꾭˵һ㣬顯ľ磡

顯ɡ
һǷӡΪӡڶһη䡱
ֽܽһ𣬷ӳĳص
ӡнՈ䡭
ãã
ƶɮ»˶ʮ꣬ѧһЩ̵ĶȻ濴ֵ˼أ
ˣأ
С۾ѰҸʵꡭ
⸽ʲô갡
﷢޲ڳҧһڵʱ򣬺ڲ˽
ڲ常ˣæӭȥ
Ǳסˣꡭڲҡͷ˵ȥˡ
˵ˣ˲õԤС
ʵ㣬ҲҪ׼ڲ̾˿̵ϵǱסˣؿڱ̴฽Ҳܵ˾ţ˻󡪡˻ϵ书Ҳͻۿۣпʧȥȫ书
常ʧȥ书ˣ
￩һ£ڲܵʲô˼Ҳܵ𣿡
ôᣬʵֻ꣬Ҫ꣬и飬Ȼᱻŵ
˵ţڲ̾ϢѾˣȥȰȰɣִܲһʱ벻
ȥ常Ⱥڲ˵꣬˳ȥпھݴ½֮ˣͳΪԼƴһսЩӣһ常ͽеĸԸ

ٺ٣ƶɮҲҪˣ常ܵţⲻ顶꾭ô
ӷ常ƶɮչһˣ

е
ͬһľɫУǸƵǰɫĶУ˾̳ӣд¶ļͼܿ
ʱãȻڲϣ߹ĸ޿ŮӣϸһĸŮȻһģһȻǺİ̥

ƾĸŮ߿ãȻݶոմӺڲе֪ԼھŹȣѾ˻ˣ
ͬʧȥ꣬˻ʧȥĶսٶȣʧȥһ书
ңû书ˣ
к޲һͷײ̵ģӲոո˶һޣˣ˭չ˭ס˵
ǲʧȥ书ԼҪܳΪ˵ĳ𣡣
ԽԽķ͵һĴأĸŮŭ̵ģʲôޣҲǻûô
ĸŮӿ޵ĸˣ
ˣˣҲ޵ˣ૵غĸŮ֣÷գ񡭡ѾǸˣչˣ»һЩҴӾǮʡģǷЩ뿪Ұɣ
ǲߣĸŮеӴϡ
ߣһôҲӢᣬɵѾͷǣǲģ˻ʧȥ书עҪһģҲֻ·һ
޳һţ
վ͵һһطۣһΡ롯оȻĸСţҶֻʮ꣬Ưİ̥Ů
С
ͬǺУƶɮôûһأ
Թ԰̾˿ȻĵĬˡ꾭еԡ
һζá꾭ǳСģǳ˫ֵʳָָģ˲ӡͬʱ۾Ĭġ
촽º϶أֳһɫķ⡣
Уһ𲻶࣬ͨ⣬ֳǻ۽ý˫ڲϵĻζ䣬żչֳıۣۣ˱ķ仯
࡭
ĵһΣͻȻԼըˣһһĹ㣬ЩڿƮ裬ܿ죬ͺͱĲΪһ壡
һ̣ǲ
۾
׼ȷ˵˲˫ۣ
ɣ
ѾһȻͬˣ
һ۾ͿԼߴɣµУһ֣һ̧ͷΧϢ֮趯
ٿлУλŮҲǿ޿ӣɾе棬Ȼһֻ׿ǵСڹ꣡
СڹֻаƴС֫Դ˹ſе฽һһģǸܵ˾ŵĺӣڹ͵͵س
常ô
꾭ȻãƶɮȻ˻꣬갡


012 ҵģ
еΪڲơ

꣺ڲƣ
ڼϵ
ڲƣƤӲȼӵһϣض˺ӵ߷ֺ
仯˻Ϊ鼶ͭƤǣҲܽΪ𼶡ľ

л常ϣɤӣʼ˵һ꽻
֣ϲѽЦк
˭˭ڸ˵
Сڹ̽һԴӵͬգͷֻСС¹ǣ룬ȻһССͷ
ͷڹ꣡
㣬Ĵ֮һ䣿ˡһ
ҵȣҽ꣬Ѫĺᡭ
սսػشһ̧ͷ࣬һ˹ȥ
죬ǺεȿֲĹﰡ
ӣðŻ⣬ﻹųԶŵĲмƣС۰˲棬üۣЦŶżϵֺ̬ͷׯϵȻͬ⣬ǸµĴް
ɣ
ĵҲ̫Сˡ
ûܿķ࣬Ц˽ȥеץ꣬ĶƤ֣ѣô𣿷еĸɶӣԼֵܣ
ǸҷСڹ˹ڹŷ࣬ô
ȱҵӣ̸֣һʽװɣ
˳ƣСڹãһκ⣬̫ˣ
֣˵˻ˣҸɵҲʧȥ书ô£
⡭
صͷŤʵҲ˻̫ˣӲӦе
Ϊʲôأ˳׷ʣǲ㱻̵ģÿ춼ڴɱɱµ𣿡
㣬վ˵ۣ
ƺԲѵ̬ȼŭˣ֪һʲôôһе˹ȥʱҾſϣؿŽҵĲӹȥ㿳ҵԴǵڶˣڶˣҲٱ˿Դ
ڶΣǰ˿Դͬꡣ
Ǻܶǰˡ
ЦһȻѪûıŰҲûĲֵ̣£Ҳ̰һ£ԹܶϺѣ
ⲻԶͷ
ǰҴûʲô캦£ɻкܶɱҡָָԼĲӺ棬һŵʱһ鵤׹ǣˣǴ½ľҩΪ鵤ɱҰ
һûбı£ȴһӲĹǣصʱҲûмܹǵĹǣǵ鵤
̫ˣΪҵ鵤ҵĶ˼ʮֻĸڹꡭ֪ģѪҲ̳ĺɫԡǼʮֻƯĸڹ꣬ңܲˣͷӶ˳
ʱڶڣһͿҵԴ˳˿ڰƤҵ鵤
꺿ޣҾĸڹ׽׽ͱ˿ԴбҲ˲ظԩ꣬ų˽е꣬ڲư
һ˼ٴΰСĲٳȥˣҲٱڿԴˣ֪˿ԴʱжʹؿԼˤһʯϣҵԴڼʮ֮һʯͷϡ
˵ţٴ˹棬С߰ɣˣ̫ˣҲܳȥ˭Ȱң˭ңҶٳȥˡ
֣֣˼¼ˣһ㷴ӦûУ
ôأ
Ѿ˵ˣ˿ԴӰٴЩ˿Դ֮󣬾ûеٳˣ
ʲô취ܰһأ
°˼
ȻȻأ˼ˡ꾭桭꾭ӡˣ
͵ڷһֽͲǡȶҡ˼ôԣӡκϰʱܱ侲̬õ޿ɺӡ
Ǽӳ˲ӡġ顯ԣǲӰ̬ǿ־أ
Ͳסĺ棬һŴȣ̺ˡ顯Ե࣡Үᣬ󡭡꣬ҳ


013 ֮
һȣķҲ
ϵһָ߾еǻ۽һ˦˽걻֮ʱǻ۽Ҳͷ鿳¡
һϿ־壬ϾηϷգϣɾ޿ɺ֮ģ

󣬹Ȼʲô˵ʲôֻǾĳЩԼĶˣҲˡǽů̲ס
껺ͷ˳ֻҲ뿪˹ǵı
ֻаƴСͦеϣȻСƽȣε̩ͬɽ֮Ρ룡

ȫչ¶֮Լڹӣ̲סЦ
̫Цˣ
֮ԼȻųһڹӦôų򣬹ɣɳܵųҲڹˣΪ꣡ѪĺᣡӦģֻսһǰս
찡⻹ҵ뷨𣿡걻Լ̬ˡ
֣ںôЦʡ
ϵĺͰ⣬ԼΪʲôֱ仯صͷҵѣл㣡
˵Լֵܣ¿ԺҸɵͺˣ˻֣Ȼ̰ƣɶѻǲȡ۵ġ
һģϣģֻҪһţû˿Թеķ˺Ȼͷ쳹
ɣ
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ı仯Ҳȫˡ顯Եĵһáԣ԰ȶ̬ӳ۷
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ԣǲҲܸƶɮһЩôأ
氡Եһãǡ
ͻȻðһ뷨
˵Կȶǵ״̬ǶƶɮԣǲǾܽȶƶɮأ
Ҳ˵ƶɮ»꣡
ԽԽܣսȭͷ̲סҪһˣ
ܰԼ»꣬һ˺ٵı飬Ǻεȵһ߶һȥ󡯵Ĵ½ʶȴһԼƷʶٴӵʱ򡭡
¡
û꣬һ촫꣬Ĳˡ
ֱ
Ǻǰȫû꾭ֻ𲽽׶Σƾˮƽ֧ŲһСʱ䣬ѾǺܲĽˣ
Թ㣬һ֮ڣֻάַһӣ
ȻֻҪŬȥάʱȻҲԽԽ
ɢȥ֮ͷӱ仯ζлָ͵͵С
ղŵ鶼磬Ȼ֪Ѿı꣬ڰ̾ŴأĸСϱͿĸǺͿѾǷˣǲߣҪܿ𣿡
İ̥Ů˵涵һҡͷ
ƲһЦžҪȥȻһŲ
УȰôڲһ
常ûҿ常ŹֵЦٺ٣Ȼ֪常ϷʲôҸҿ϶常ԲѰͷˣ
ȻѰͷˣе겻ָøǿˣҪǻѰˣ
Ȼ£͸Ͻ뿪Ұɣƽڲ˿ĴǧƱĶĵǣ㹻°뱲ӵĳˣ
ڲҵ˼ˣʲôʱ˵Ҫ뿪ˣԴ
뿪ôڲһţյϢѾ㶯ˣ˵ϣɱ־ͻﰡָָ棬ٿеӣ书ϣһ˵ɱֳ֣ʲô㰡Ҫģ߰ɣѾǷˣͲҪˣ
氡ڲû˵
Դ˵Ȼ֪Ϊʲô常ƺ˺飬Ͼܻվˣ
ڲûĻ漴ƨ𣬾޸иͲվ
̣
εҡͷûн͡
Ҳ˷ѿˣڲո꣬ʹһ󲻿˼ĴЦ
̵ģˣ̵Ĺˣ
оϲ״Σһͷײţݺᣬϲ̬ںڲҲİ̥ŮСǣÿ˶֪ˣϣ϶ĳּ顭


014 ǿ
УϸҹȥѾˣ֣Ҳô
пϲЦڲŭصָŷš
ƨ򣬸ղôģ㣬Ѿˣȫˣгźڲ˷ܿĭ˺ڲһ
㣬ѾȬˣ
ڲԲţϸ˿ӣؿѾʼϵ˿ڣأڲͻŴŴ󡭡һˣ
УȬˣ
ǰӲȬˣҡеɫھϲлһЩãؿڹŹֵӵҲûˣֻû£̵ģӸоˣڲơñǰǿˣ
ôܣڲȫɵʶ߶ûָ⣬ĳʶ
һԵٺһЦ̲˵һ䣬νʶƷô
ûĵ٩ڲƵس˳ȥ
̫˼ˣ
оȻƷ˴½ʶָ꣬ұøǿˡ
ôܰ
ǼĽֵܣָˣǺ£Ǻ¡ԣұ뾡Ϣ߼
֪ôѪûƭ㣬Ŀ޸ģ
СҲн죡
ڲʧǵӣЦһţİ̥ŮҲ˳ΧֱֻɵСè䣡
ˣˣˣҵĸɶӿɻأкƿĸСϱ
ˣ

ôָأ
𣬾޸Ǵ½ϵĳʶأ
İ̥Ůߴߴʵǵ˵ʽǳأһһ䣬ͬʱ˵ģɻһĻ
ѽǲᣬҶˣ
һץżϵСӣղž棬֪ҵôָ𣿡
вܺ˵ֻܸܵı仯ȴ֪İ
ȻҲ˵ˣԴٺһЦ⻹˵ô常϶Ƿ治̿λСֱ𣬾ͰһѰָˣĺ£Ǹ֣˵
û˵
йЦתͰı仯ˡ˵˽ؿ㣬ģһ벻׾;룬զզأûûε
ѽѽкȻĶͷƺʲôҪ飬׷˳ȥźڲıӰ󺰣Ϻڣȵȣӵ궼ԻָǼ
һԸǰĸף֮ȵңһȥ
ѽͿͿҺͿˣӦôģ
ԶĺڲҲӦץסеĸ첲ǿŵߣӣټҿ޼ʮҽ˵ʵѪԤԣ
˵ʲôأ
ûǵĶԻѾҪˣʮˣһθо꾭ǺεȵӴ󣬺εȵ
ʦл񹦴ͽ
ˣ
常Ѿ޸ˣƶɮأ
ٺ٣ƶɮҲȥһµˣ
ֻҵ꣬һ٣ϴˢһսĳ谡
ڲ常ǵһ£׷ȥ˵˵һλߣͨʲô취õģ
ʲôڲһعͷ
⻹˵𣿡еؿڣ常궼ָܻˣأһȥⳣʶ׼˵Ҳа취һأ
ԣԣӶָܻСӸû⣬̵ģСӿѪ𡭡
ȣ
л˵һ룬ͻȻڲһԴˣڲЦү͸ղʧˣûпһ꣬ûҪ뿪ˣ
һˣʮӣͲƽˣ
һѺܴȣ˵˵õİ취ˣ
үǺãõ꣬
ڲһ֣󲿷꣬ģȱѪģڶٲûߣǻԵɺϣӴǿֱ꣬ϿɣӶӵ꣡
ֻӵһΣ
˵ڲЦЦȻˣʶѾ׼ȷˣ
Ϻ˵Ĳɻһּ
һԲ꣬Щ󲻿ϽظǿߣԸĳ壬Ϊ˵꣡Сǿ߸塯ǿһ֣Ϊ޶ȵıλǿǰ
ְܹ취
ٺ٣Ȼƶɮˡ꾭Ǿǿĺˣ
ԣǿ߸ˣ
ɽׯҵǿߵꣿæʵ
ţһ롭
кͺڲһ˼ܿ죬дЦһ³Ƕһɽһħأһ˵ħﲻһλǿߣǿ׵ĵزȻûгֹĵľ𰡣
Ŷ۾ˣЦеǷˣô常ڲǸʲôʲôȥɣȥһ˷ħغˣٺ٣ȥλǿ̸һ⡭


015 Īн
ĴѩͣɽׯϷһʮһƬããĴɽѾѩǣ棬Ӷڱѩ
ŲֻƤƳɵĻѩ壬źޱһ㹻õʳǰڴɽлУڳҫ£߼ʵѩۡ
һ滬ѩһﱧԹ
ȻҪȥɽѰǿߵˣĹȻҹĴѩҪƶɮʱ˻ѩҪ·ˡ
ˣ
˵ݴ½ĽͨˮƽôƶɮҪǿѩ꣬ܲ׬Ǯأ
һѩͻѩ壬һ濪ѩΣŶ϶׬ˡ
ɣ
Ȼˣ
ĶͷϽҪ¡
ĿǰҪģȻǾǰµ书ˡ
Ǹţκ书һǧǳۣµ书ʽûмףҲа˾ʮװɣ
ȫ
ȷκ书Сۣǧ书Уֻһʮ꣬书һۣ󣬾ĽѾʽ·򻯳С⡱
ǻǧָһ޻أ
ɱʣ׿Ȼڣ
Ǿµǰн⣬޻ؽڽƵƶɮͷƤҲףƨôתǿĽأ
иֵĵУ
ǧ쳾ΨҶ裬ԡ
˵仰ʲôϵô
ƶɮǿˣˣˣµĽ̫ˣƾƶɮˮƽȫղ˰
֮ƶɮĿǰֻһ书ɽ
ԣǴ͵ѧһС

ɽɽ
飡飡
ûп̲סӿˡ
ǡ꾭ûˣ϶һǿ꣡
գС۾ȲĴѰ
ֻɽɽһϿɣɢϿ棬ҹĴѩϿȵѾ˺Ļѩֻһܴȥ
Ϊᣬһ಼˿󹤾סСľݣһĴ̣һǾסש߷ʱʱشһƶǮƬש߷棬һͺͺſڵϣһֻɫĴڹꡣ
صǣҹĴѩ֮ϾȻûлѩԲ߰׵ֳһֵѪɫƺʱпѪ
飡飡
ˣˣͲǿķħأ
ϵӲ󣡡ȷ˷ħصλã˳ؿ̸ţ˴Ҫļơ
˭Сеʲôѩô
һש߷̽ͷһĲԸӣʱѪɫ㣬ôˣ죬㻹м峤ϵƣ
˵ģҵΪʲôأЦ˹
㵱Ȼ죬ŹҰɣȻתܣûʱ䴩ЬӣŽţűѩ󣬡ˣˣˣ
ƶɮֲǳ˵Ĺޣʲô
ɴ۾
ãүˣô죿
ţֻǸҷϣǰ컹үڸأ֪ʲôǳһȥס
ȥңҲǰԪڰƾǣס𣿡
סҲҪ֪ʲô峤𣿡
žĴ󺰣ϿͻȻש߷ܳ˼ʮСľ˼ٸ󹤣Ȼ󣬾Ǵصףúöƺ͵Ҳ˲Ӻ£һӾͰ˸ϡ
е졣
ǣ淢ˣԴʡ
ûû⣬ɽأһش󺰡
û⣿֣ҿɲĺӣǵӡָָǵıҿҷϣ£бҪ³𣿡
ҧҧв⣬ҲֲҷܣɽĵطϹ
⻰˵ֲˣҿҵļ̳ˣƾʲôԼҵأ
˵ţЦߣһֹļһ˳ƶĶơ
뷴

һ˸ƣһ˾¡żⲦŪЦЦѽԲסˣСŪֵĶƣ㹫ѣҸ㱨𣿡
δ
£Ǽһ亹˿ϣ
죡˵Ǹҷ𣿿㿴ҷƣżʮȫװľ
үҴˣҲ㡭
ɥˣȥҲҸʵ飬ֻ˵һʵ㣬ҪǽȥˣǶҪԴϸ²ŵףҺӵϣˡ
󵽵ôˣƶɮһۣẦüһԴô
ֱ˼䣬ɾҲ϶˵һ䣬ʵڶסѹˣǰʾԵؿ˿Ψһһů󡭡


016 ˼
ɣů߳ˣһʮߣǹĵЦݣಽظ˺棬ʱظЦ˵գѵū
Ϊʲôһūţƶɮֵֹأ
ӷɿת
ˣ
ۣ
Ϊıߣ۵书ǲģԪ¶ΣҪЩҵĵڰ˳ˣ
۵ƷʵڲզأԼ˵Զø磬ȫǰľǰ۾Ѿſڶһ٣õ鸾ҫ˵ֻǰԪ¶ΣҴ϶εԽʤ
ƨʤ
ʱľǸҷϣ书˭ỹֵģ
ٺ٣ԭǳ˼ˣС۾ЦĻߡ
ʲôأۿ˸ϵͷظǼ˵˼仰Ȼ˹
ͷ죬үҪ󣡡ĹǣҲ
ҷϣôɽ
ƺЦб۵ôĵӣ֪ôʲô𣿡
֣ԼңһԼҵӣ𣿡Цطʡ
ɫһ䣬ˣ⻰Ǹ壬κ˻ؼҶûдɽȻҲûдش𣬶ᱻץסģ
첻СӵƤӵﻬ˺ܶأƮƮض㿪⣬ƲãûɽɽҲɽͳ죬Ҳȥһԣ
һ𣿡ǰһ󲽣һǷĹЦ
Сˣ
ıɫץס죬ѹڶߵС֣Ҿ㣬ϸҹɽȻͱҲˣ
أЦطʡ
ߺߣ
ҲЦþɢϾʣˣγ彣вǰܴܹһΣ죬ҾٴһΣ
ˣ
۳ʣͬʱֳֹâһǰԪ¶εǳɫһǽϷտɫ
ǻı־

꣺꣡
鼶꣡
ߵĽɣͬʱӿٶȣ
仯ɽΪֹ꣬罣Ӱأһ⺮˽һ

Ҫƶɮô
ˣˡ
С۾һӾͳȤƶɮתʹΣһ͵Ϯһα˵Ű򣬶㲻ʵս飬ͻȻ䣬ǻʵսĺûᰡ
㿴ӣԪ¶Σ꣬ǿʵᣡ
֣ҪҪ򣿡˷ָܵУ۷ʱһͷ磬л
Сˣ
Ϸˣ֮ĶԾ𣬳Ҳ˳Ƴ֣ʺ
ԣԣ
ԽԽ˷ˣȻǻ۾飬Ǿ͵úúһӦˡ
һУҽеġӭ̡һֽâ󣬻ʮâƶɮʮҪ

ˣóôƶɮýӦԺˣ
֣Ľһ£㹫Ŷ
㿪һ˳ƶԹ۾һȻѧ۵ӣӳʮһס۵ĺʮâ
ʲô
һֹ۷ֲԾˣ
һ׽Ȼܲ͵ѧǰǸѪҷϣӲֵİڣô潻ˣ磬ƺ䲫ɱĸо
ҷϱˣòһˣ
֣ʲôأרĵ㣬ſҵרأ
۳ٶ۵ĽУں˼룬Ҳһϡ
ϣˣ
ᣬıˣˣ۵ϥǾš̲ס˵ϣˣһŲס۵ϥ䣬վһץ۵ͷ쳤
ܹأ۵ǰ͹һΣ
εͻ𴦣۵ʺ
ֽ۵ʺԴٺһЦȻ󡭡һ
ģʧ󺰣оˣģҸԴģ
֣˵ʲôͶ䡣
үҰɣҴˣĴˣҲʲôˣΪԼԴۺŰ
ҲУӣϰԵر˼룡
ɣƶɮ˵ʲôأ
ڿɲǼƽϼСǮʱ㿴۵ӣϵĻûûɢȥտɫĹâ
Ļᰡ
硭
ƶɮá꾭̵ˣ


017 ڣ
ð뷨ҡͷ
УУҲ˵꾭û˺Уƶɮ
㿴ڵĳ棬˶ڿţƶɮҪǵ۵꣬ǵݴ½٣ǿ쿴С۰˲ļһܿ꣬веǿߣ
⻰һȥƶɮ϶׷ɱ
ɣ
ǾͷŹۺˣ
ҲУ̫ˣֵ꣬͸ŹˣʵƶɮĳΪǮĺе밡
ԣˣƶɮҪ꣬ǿһۣһЩڽϵľ飬ûɣ
࣬ζҮᡭ
뵽һֿۣһ͵͵һĲӡˡ顯Ե
Сģֻ˫ۡ
ֻ˫ͫӦòᷢ֡꾭ܣ
ˣ
һŽƵľУгˣ뷨ںϣĻ˫ͫҲ
һ׵ĳ棡

꣬ǰ˵ս֮ҲӦúķӳһҪôŭҪôģҪôʡҲеһŵòðͷˣ
ľȻͬ
ˣˣˣ
У۵ŤˣٵĹһСʲôҪһһµײƤƵ춯
飡
һ죬ⶫײƤ۵˳
һ߸ߵСˣԲԲ۾ȥǸɰŮССϣһĹŴֳۣһɵĴ󽣣ͷֻܾСá
СŮǻ𣿡۾һ
ģѽȫӳ˵֮ͻȻѽһƵһһףģɲǰжϰԼ״̬жôãܣһֱܣܣܣܡ
ˣײĴϣ
ŮһСܣ𣿡ͷؿСŮ
ѽԲңңܴˣ㣬𣿡
СŮûһܳȥ߰ʮףȻʲô۵ɤеģеĽϵţܣѽڣˣңҸղŸƴʮû϶϶ǽڣڣѽ
Сʧããѩɽ֮С

ôˣ
һͷˮ˼
Ǳܵģ־ģһոոʮˡ
ɣⲻ˵ƶɮ
˵Ľڣʲô˼ƶɮʲôڣ
»Ҫȥħأ˷һӵķʱ䣬æ˻ʵ硣
һ㣬컹ܶʮ࣡
֣ڣʲô˼֮һʱʳеʡ
ڣ
һ⣬ֵ໹ûиܵѣãȻʲôԼǽңӦ֪
еû£㻹𣿡Ʋ졣
ң
Ұɣ
ǿĽŰȥʵ۱²ʱ˵ԽѾﵽľ磬㹻ʱ䣬Ǿݵһ񣬱֮Ҳ޼
ƾԽ⣬֪ܲڣʲô
ڣһֽ⾳ʣ
֮ˣ˵Уһĳ߾磬Ͼͻһʣ֣ǽ߽ϵ֮꣬ǸйصĶֻмʣ׼õķĹڣһ֪ԼǶ֣һӭսͱɣ
Ҳ˵ڣһݣߣ
εҵĻش㻹𣿴үЩɶ㴫ڸҳԱİ
ڣһݣߣ
ô˵ƶɮӵнڣֽˣ
û֮ܣǿƶɮϵĽڣ
㾿ŵʲôزȻѽ־磬󣬽ڣҲȻƶɮϣ
ˣˡ
ϧƶɮ̫нڣҲ֪ôð
ʵʵо꾭ɣ
עصʵ
ҶĻش⣬һٷ֣ЦԴǵĽװɣ㿴ҶˣҲͱˣȥתһתɣ
⣬ⲻܵģͻȻҡ
˵ôһһô죿˻νĳɻ۵Ĳأ
үͱΪˣ
̾˿͵͵ש߷ļˣҸ˵ʵˣүȥˣҲ뿴ʲôκζ
Ϊʲô
ΪɽѾˣ˵ܣҲѵر۾
ķħأħػ𣿡ҲЦˡ
ħҲˣɽһһľһСʯͷȫ˼ҵˣۿЦҲɽΪ£ɽˣ˱żͳľܱ֪ģڻС
Ȳˣ֣ҪȥħһЩûа취
ɣǧ˵û취Ȼƶɮɾˣ


018 ؿ
ʲô취
ګګصͷүɽĸȥģ˵öˡ
˵ţĿ˶ůһǼˡ
ҲЩ˵ӡ
˵䣬ů߳һؼʿͷһʮĹŮ߻һӣ׳׳꽫
Ƕʽɫףͷ֣ƣԼ˫󽣡һ̷ֳ֣ˣһڹŮչһ˷ƣ·༸һģһѵصľˣ
ˣЩʿĿս϶ǶźƤӣ˫ҲϵſʱõĿ޹һ
û
ڱѩأ½ϵﶼжŷ޹ģ
Сؿů棬Ȼﺨ˶ʮͷѩɫĴ
񣡣
ǲѩʿɣ
ɣ
ļװ˵ѩʿڴıǱһֽǿµİ׵񣬼ǱĶű־
ڱ˭
ٺ١
񣬴ĵ壬ʮ۱ˣѩĴߣųơԵһ񡯵ĳţxЩûŵ㣬סһͷеĸԪ֮һĴǿ֮ף
Ԫڰ
֪Ԫζʲô𣿺Ԫڣʥ˵ķˮ롯һﵽ磬ӵСԪַ༶ѧͶ㶼ɽǧǰҲͬݽ棡
ںԪǰѾû壬ûͬԪھսϵռһ˾ܸɵһ֧ӣ
ɽˡǱСĸˡ
ˣ۴и˵أ㿴ǴӵĽô˼ңǱױ󽫣Ԫ϶ΣԲԣԽѹʲôʵóһԺıͷӣǰԪ϶Σһͽʵʵ
ԽߵλС㣬֪˭ô˵أ
۸ӵˣˣλС㣬ǱүĵճŮ䳾Կ
Сˣͷð亹
ϻҪСݣΪܰʮɽôҸ㣬Сɽˣ
ػ˻֣ˣ֪㶼֪ˣϣҸ᣺ϽߣС𣬿Դ
ߣ
ûҵ꣬ƶɮ߰
ɣȥˣȸС˵˵һûƢƶɮȥһ˷ħأ
ѽ֪С٣С
߰ʮ׸ߺһһСܵ䳾ǰЦкСҵļ̳ˣˣ
䳾ü΢иķŪһǧô
ϣܱСס֣ǷˣˡΪ˷ħأ
һƨ֮ڨЦСһʽסһ𣿡
£䳾̬䵭
ҲûʲôҪģҷ峤ϵħһЩܲҽȥˣֻҪӣӾͺãֻҪħĿݹǣֵǮġ
ž
˵꣬ӵԽ˦־һƣˣɽСպһһľףСģҪ߷ħأСô
Խ˵
䳾Ҳһ죬ƽ޳֮ˣͳɽˣ㻹ҪôԽС˸ȥ
ȥ
⻰ĿǶͣ
СһԲ̰ͣ˶ȥ˻ǺǿİԪڣ
䳾˿ǵ񣬿һҲûϣ
ܾǰ˵ǷΪֵģһǺ޼ֵƽһǱصĹ壬һ񣬻Ҫ̬ô
Խִб
ԽĮҲǰԪ϶ΣÿǷв
ϣԽƣơˣ㶯֣Լ߻𣿡
ߣԽһЦСǡ
գۼǰסļ򣬴һ𣡡˶
ɣ
ƶɮʱ㲻УҲһоͱܣ뱱ʵͲܷ
һͺͱ𣬻֮صģ
ǿһԹ˵ֿ
ɣԽԭת˼Ȧ˹ԣȻƵؽ˰գ
ߴХķ඼ըˣ
ɣ
Ϊ˷ħأƶɮѾĲҪˣֲЦˣ㾹Ȼ˵ƶɮ
ƶɮٲǶҲһļ̳˰һ仰Ͱƶɮϰգٸ˲ιۣûƶɮҪҪˣ
䳾
ƶɮסˣ
ף
ʲô
ŭǰһڣ
ðŷӦԭɵߵ㣬׹ʱ·ͻȻӹһž޴ĺӰӰȻɵĲ죬Ӵױȣ̵·һޱ޼ʵĺɫ̺ӣ
ˣ
޷ˡ̺ӡϣˤھ٣θ﷭Ҫĸ³ˡ
Ȼʵ̫Ӵˣſıͬſڴϵϣ΢صһ˦ûȻľ

ƺڤڤжѾħˣȻȻٴηɻ˷ħϿգ
ҪϮС䳾


019 Ϊ㣬һΣ1
СԸ汣㡭
ԣǱ㱻ȻԵ
ֻسŷħصķָܿЦˣ
ԣ
СɵϣȻϮ϶ֻġٿڵ״ƶɮſȻıϣ䳾ӵһԪںͶʮѩʿҪǷ޲𹥻ƶɮҲҪˣ
뾡뿪Ȼ
ٶȻȻıϣĿһ£ڷħϿգʮס
룬Ӧˤƶɮɣ
ҧأ۾ȥ


棬ԽҲȻһʱȡ±Ĵӣһѩʿڶ±һգκ֮У
أ䳾Įػ֣ѩʿȫգԽҲӭУ
Խһǧ֮ûҪǰɱģܵ˺ĩĩû취ү
Բԣ֪ҵȼСʡ
ϻ۹ˣʮߣѾǰԪ¶ˣҵֵܣûκһܱȵ㣡Բѿڶ
֪ҵ书·
СҾѧһү״ġǧŴڵס
˵úãǱأС䷢ʡ
꣬ڼϵģƾ꣬ٶȱһʦϰ˱ٶȣǧ꺱
Ȼ㶼֪ϻʲôдʵҪĶӣɥ˱棡
˵ţ䳾˦һֻֽףҧָ⣬һѪֽ׵ͷ
ɣ
һУֽ׾Ȼչ˫򣬱һֻ˸ߵ׺ף
ϰ׺ף䳾Ȼ
濤棡ԽҲٶ˵ָӶʮѩʿ䳾档
ɣ
䳾ëɣ
Ҫ£ҪݣƶɮҪ㣬ͶԶԶˣɵӲȥƴأ
Ȼһָھ䳾Զһӽ䡣
С۾ع۲
ܺã䳾ѩʿѾϰգҲ쾯ͿǾ𹭼ƳͶʯڵ֧Ԯûע⵽ƶɮ
ٺ٣ȥħصĺûᰡ
Ŷˣƶɮܣ˿ױˣ
һСľݣٳʱѾһ˾ʮϺУʦɨɮһģһ
û취˭ƶɮϤɨɮأ
ŵ˷ħء
ӷ𣬺ٺ٣ƶɮһѲˣ
ڷħأɲӡн䣬顯Եؿӿ
ץʱˣĿǰΪƶɮһֻܶһӵ࣬ղ͵Ѿ˷˶ʮ룬ڿֻʣʮ밡
һߴԼ٣һħصϡ
ҪѲһ꣬ҲҪһЩ˽ģ
ħǿ꣬Ϊɣ
һǧǰͳξݴ½ʱ̫ˣûϸϣֻҵһЩôֵĴţ
˵ӢţóеڼֽƬƵ£ʮͳΪˡľ𡯼ǿߣ
Ӱ½ʷǨˣ
һɳ˻𣬴󺺻ʵۿϲʧ̬͸Ľ鱦޳УڷŻ˵ֻҪΪػ󺺽ɽҪʲô޾͸ʲô
Ҫʲôԣ
Իʵ۵£ͻȻӵƱ޳Уһ֣ҸԣֻҪѶ¶ң
һ𾪣𾪣ٹ𾪣
¶Ǵ󺺻ʵ谮ĺĸµĵʺ󰡣
һӣȻҪʺⲻʵۣڸ󺺻ʳñˣǻʵ۱·ŭغû֣ɾѾΪǿˣڴ󺺻ʹֱײɱѪɺӣʬɽӲǲŶʮʳǽѪٸֵʬ壬ѻʺ¶ˣ
ʺ°ߣٹߣǻҸ֣н죬ֶӣΧɣ̶һڣ˶ʮ׷ս
ɲˣɾһ֧ʣһֽһ§Ŷ¶̸ЦһдֽƬƵЩͨͨɱ
ɱѾ˴½ߣ߰ǿɽһ䶯ǧŵĴս
һսʷϲûļأ˵徭ȴ֪һѪܵĽ
սʼ֮ǰɽɽһϿȵĸ֣һƵɽ壬ɴսʼ֮һ§Ŷ¶һֲɱɱɱһҹѪս֮ɱ߰ǿ룬ɽҲĨȥɽ壬һعͺͺƽ̨
ʱҲѾˣûл뿪Ŀˡ
һգ޺
׺߰ǿߵѪһƣɾƱЦʻеĶ¶㣬Ըҹڴˣ
¶ͷ
ͬãͬѨɣȻ޺
һǻˣȫѪëԼͶ¶дǰһ
ħһѪ֮£߰ǿѪɣӵɽжѣ˽յϿȣɺͶ¶ʬҲ˷棬Ϊ˽յķħء
Դ˼ɣֻһħ˵Ϊգһŭ£Σ


020 Ϊ㣬һΣ2
ɵľ촽Щɣ
ʵǿˣ
һɱ߰ǿߣĨƽɽ⻹ʲôĴ½ǿҲкܶһ㣬ע⣬ⳡսһǧǰ
ǿһǧǰݴ½ѧֵ۷壬ȥɽǿߣҲǵ磬ڶǿߣʮɵȼ൱ĵľ𣡾ʷϼأʱͷΧɵͷ죬ֻڴ˵еĵ徳˵ʣ
Щ֣ɵһ֮У
ôģ
ɬ촽ͻȻЦ
ٺ٣ɻŵʱȷѾˣˣͱƶɮġ꾭Ʋã
࡭
ɵϣҲһξģ
ķˣ֮ںϣʱǰһ־ɫ

ɣ
ħڲľɫЩ˳
дţɺͶ¶ͬᣬǷħӦߺǲŶԣңһߺûпֻֻϡŹֵĴӣ
ֻӾͰڷħ룬ɢĺ⣬ȾѪıǣһ޵״
ɵĺأ
ħңһӵʱ򣬷澹Ȼһֱֻ۹ڶֻӣһֻȹ
ֻϻɫķȻʶĹģЩܲ³ЩһַӡÿֻӶӡһֵ˺ǣ
ˣˣˣˣˣ
ӣֱۣȣͷ­֫߹ǣ֫ǣӹܶȿͬһˡ
϶˷ʬ߿飬ֱӡ߿ڰϱǵ
ɣһ˶Ѿһǧ꣬ĺ
ˣж¶ĺأ
Ϊʲôħֻʣһ˵ʬ壿
ôһԥʱȥʮӣٶˡ
֣𣿡Լԣ֪ҵһܾȣֻʣʮ룬ʲôҲʣʲôҲ˵˵֣ҽǸʧȥĵùҪһ꣡أһǧ꣬Ҳȥ𣿺ٺ٣Ȼһʽװɣҷȥҵ꣬ô
˵꣬ŵض߿ӡ
δ
δ
δ
ʱһһӵţĬ룬ɲûлػ
֣װưͰҵʱֻʣ˶ʮˣǲڵģûƽ߸ϵķӡӦÿˣѾ߿ӣ㣡ζеǻ۽ţҵķҪԼˣҲˣⷨǲеĽǻ۽ͽƾǣܷ
δ
δ
δ
ֹȥʮӣʣʮʱɾȻûлػ
ɵ겻ô
֣ƶɮѾ˦ˣ壬ɾûˣú밡Խȣǰɣ֣㲻ȥһҲк˰㲻뿴һĺ𣿶ˣ϶Ҳгˣ㲻ҳ˵ĺȥ𣿡
δ
δ
ʱɿţҲɿ˵š
Ϊʲôûлشأ
Ѿֻʣʮˣ
ðһ亹ˮν۾Ȼض߿ӣѾˣ
㣬ΪɵˣħͻȻһƮ
ɣʣӣûûֻ֣Ҫͬҵ꣬㿪
ЦҲһۣǧŲĥ㣬ƾʲôΪūΪͣĽ£һ˵ū߹
ǰƶɮƾʲôɣ
һӱˣɵݺʵˣҲǲһħƶɮǸСļ̳ˣһҷϵƾʲôƶɮ£һϺ棬ϹϾؽƶɮһˡأ
Ϊһҷϵˣ˵Ƕĳ谡
ƶɮ̫ˣƾƶɮһСƾʲôɳ裡
ûɡ
ûɰ
Ц
˵ܿꣿ֮ʱͻȻʵ
Ҳƣܿ꣬ȶ״̬ȻԺһǿģʶػش𣬴ʱķʱֻʣ˲ӣ
㹻ˣ
ǰͻȻһƮ꣬˶ĳİڿ͸һ˿壬һͷ׷ƮɢԺһ˫˲ӡ
ĲҪˣ̫ǿľѹˣ˴ѹȸУϢ
ֻҪҵһŮ˵꣬ҿһۣɵϣ֪ʶһУͶˣ˵նƺΪټŮһ棬Գһ𣬰꣬ϣ
Բ֮ҴӦˣ۾һ
лˡˣ
˫һ˿ʣһ˿ŭһ˿ԳŨŨ裬Ȼ󡭡ˣ
ˣҳһУֻټһŮˡ
ͷ۾ɲǼ䣬ˮ̣ħ£
ֿӣ¶


021 
һҵ¶
ͷ˵ôɿʲôƶɮӶˡ
֣ʱ䲻ˣȰų
ԣķҲһָ߾ǻ۽һַɳ˽סɵ꣬һ
ۣۣۡ
һ죬ϵķͻȻȼȼյıǣ˻ҽ
ɵĺҲʼ绯ˣװ׵ķĩĴ޷ֱ˴ˡ
£ңѾѪķӡѰǧɽ̤ˮҲټһ桭
֮ͷȻҧأǿ̳гŵˣ£Ͽ׼ӭ꣡
˵ţȻֳߵ
һɼʵγɣ̲סȭͷߺһ
ɣ
ĸоˣˣ٣м˹ĳǣǿôƶɮѾƴ½ʶٴӵ꣡
һƶɮضһѩǰܣ
δʧǰӣüͷѾ˽˵ʡ
ϣʵڶԲסǰֻڨЦ
ɵˣȻЦЦЦΣĻȴ˾ħţҲãھһŰֽ黭ͿĨˣʮʱ䣬Ҵͷʼڵɴ½һǿߣǧţ˿ԳԽסΪ죡

꣺죡
𼶣ϵȫ꣡
죬һй֮ȫõǿǿ٣ȡĬ̶ȣԼߵ
仯һ
仯ɽ

飡飡
ҵͨ죬ðʶƶɮѾܳʱûкˣ
̫ǿˣµ˵ÿһ֣ÿһλ޲Ѫڣ񼤵
һй֮ȫõǿ
˼˵ֻҪ죬ƶɮʱ򣬾ȫλȫܳˣٶȣзȼֻҪйصȫõֻҪܵˣ٣٣
б仯쾹Ȼٴν
氡ƶɮѾˣƶɮòãѾֵ̬زˣٴǿ֮쵽ʲô̶Ȱ
ˣ٣ƶɮǱʱ
˷ܵսȭͷ
ȻﻹһССĲ
ƶɮһϲͨʱҪðʦһ¾ͺˣ
Խڻң
ţպȻС䳾׼ɲֽǧʣҪȰˣ֮ƣֻƴ󣬲пӳͷ޵Ŀư

СҲǸóĸô
۾ˣ˸ȫĿӲغãС۾ع۲յΡ
ʱʮѩʿֻʣһ۾İ˸ˣһҺ棬ɫµİ׵ҲɫɫҺݺݵһǿѩʿͱѹ˺ɫճͬһʢĹʻ
СҲùԲҲɫҺ棬ѩʿΧƴֿҺļѹСɱͷɢˣˣµİ׺ҲҺʴǧٿףҪ׹ˣ
С棬һͷ֩Ƶޣһ㳡СֻëצſڸգסСɫҺ壬ǴƤµļʮë﷢ġ
Ż
ƶɮղžſôһͷĵĹޱϡ
³ǳСĵؿԼһ
ǧܳ֩йӰ֩ǻԪ¶أ
ݴ½ϵ޵ȼߵȼƣҲ߸磺ޣ飬ʥԪڣ𣬴˵ʣʥԼǿ
Ԫ¶εĹӰ֩൱һԪ¶εǿߣ
СвƴԽҺĩףóԽսֻǰԪ¶ΣҲܷӳԪ¶εɱǣǴ̫ˣһӷӳԽ㲻ҲҪټģ
ƴ㻹бİ취ô
Сһ֣ɲֽǧʸңԪ¶Σ׷󣡡
ŶŶ
˷ܵС۾һգһգ˸ֹ߰â
С̫ˣƶɮûط˽أ͸ƶɮһΣ
ٺ٣ƶɮסˣóԽս뷢׼׵ֽʡ


022 ʥɮ
ضסСŬÿһ
ˣˣƴҲֻƴˣ
Խ̾˿ӻóһɫֽţһֻɫëʣ߸ֽʣ
ɲǼ䣬ֽһ貵ĺ⣬ɫëʺҲƵģźֽ
ģҵ꣬뽫ȫҰɣ˱ٷֽλ
䳾۾ʳָƾһ㣬ֽԶֳ˰ֽεվ䳾ǰ˿һ
˱д
䳾ץסǧʣҧ⣬һѪ˱ʼ⣬ȾѪëʻûˣֻͬʵĲӰͬһʱ䣬ڰźֽд˰ֵķţ
ǰѩʿÿ䳾ȣǧǰһָޡԪ¶Σ׷󡭡ˣ
ಣಣಡ
ֽɲǼԣ·˱ذף̴ǵɫҺ壬˹Ӱ֩ĶӸ
䣡ֽһʱ䱬ˣŰ貵Ļ𻨣뱬ըļ֩븴۵ͱ˺ƬȻըĳɢڹӰ֩ĶϱһͥԺСѪɫѪӿ˳
ڹӰ֩Ӵ˵˿ڻ̫СˣϾƤϻˡһС顯Ƥ
Խ䳾˳Ϊ˵ģɳֵһɲǣһǺ˼ô죿ҵѾľˣɹӰ֩û
ڲʱˣԽң취߰ɣӰ֩ˣضԴ󷢣ϧ۵ɱǰ
̫ˣ
ܵشĹӰ֩׷ŭˣӴڿƤϵļǧëͬʱſ׼䳾һŵɫҺƴͷƤը
Խ䳾ѾûѪɫһ̺ʽĶҺըǱض֮ذ
λʩҪ𣿡
ʱ˿󶴣Цеһ֡ȻС۾˸̰ĹâǵļЦ޲˳ͣװɨɮ֮ѩ׵üëؿڣѩ׵ĺһ趯һɫɮ죬͸ΰׯϣٲȻ¡
ͬѩɽ֮۵Ļ
ɣ
ƶɮҲôģʱȣȥ䳾ɾҪûˣ
ѽ˵ˣ˵ˣƶɮɲӪ䳾ģѾͷָƶɮıӴһ٣˰ƶɮ˳ȥƶɮҪǻϾǲ֪һָôдˣ
ƶɮĿ꣬䳾ɲֽǧʣ
ԺҪʼѧϰˣҪŪһ׳ֵı
ٺ٣ƭıյϢ
Ժʰ㣡

ʦǳ֣䳾̲סŴ
ʦλǱСֻҪСȥлԽҲش
ӷλʩĪĪ˹΢ЦƶɮûпСãеı׷󣬶𣿡
ⶼʲôʱˣ㻹ҵʽСһ㶣ɻҲش⣬ǧڵĵӣõǧף
ţǧڵǲģСҲ˼ֻ򡭡
˵ٶԽԽˣϧǧڵĹЩȱСأʵսҲЩ㰡
УҪ˾̳֣ʲôԽͷ󺹡
У£ƶɮôŪǧʺɲֽأ
ƶɮ£ֻǼСʷǷƶɮŵӣһЩָˣˣװε̾˿Ȼ㲻Ըƶɮָˣˣƶɮ˵ǣ
ǾʦˣԽ
ãƶɮͳֱ֡һ̧ͷˣСĲԸƶɮĵӣ
ʦڲ˵ʱ򰡣䳾챻·ˣ
ǲԸˣǿѰ꣬Сƶɮûһţʵָ㼸а
Ȼ۾һϿҵˣСеֽʽƶɮöĹӰ֩ƶɮһղùı׷ҲԲܴԽˣ
ͷлָ㱾
䳾㵵Ŀ͸ޱȵľȺɻ󡭡
λʦЦУֹͣôǸտ˵ѻĿأһǧʺɲֽΣ
ʦֽʣ˳ŶҺķ϶䳾ǧʣкһ䣬һɲֽ
ץסշֽʣúϲ£ˡ
׬ˣ׬ˣ仰Ūһ׺ñƶɮȻ׬ǮŰ
ԣǻˣ
ǧʸո֣Ȼᵽһɴ̱ǵĸζŤͷһնȾ˲ɫ
Ӱ֩ĶҺѾˣ䳾ë׷׷׶׼ĶҺһˮѸײڶͷ
Ϊʲô
һ˲׹ɣ϶ǹӰ֮֩󣬼ס˸˺ǧʣʱǧƶɮУͰƶɮвͷŵľɱ


023 
ᣬӰ֩Ƶܲսˣ
зԼʽͷð亹ƶɮͻУһ͵ѧٵƷһ͵ѧ۵Ľжǽ빥򲻵Ӱ֩ģ
Ҫ˺Ӱ֩ҪóСı׷У
׷
С۾͵һ԰ƶɮѾӵϵ꣬оǿѧͷԣΪʲôܸСı׷أ
죬֮˱ٷֽλ
ģСӣһԵ̬һ㡭
棬ȫֵҲˣȻṩһĪǣĶ
ɲǣɲֳֽ˰ε˶Ŀϣ
İ£ƶɮȻĿԶˣ
˱д
һ˲ţǧһһţɲֽϳ˰ֵĹŹַţ
ϸȥдķȻҲǰ֣䳾дĽȻıʷţ·ССķԵ
ȫ屬׷󣬻ԪжΡǧף׺䣡
һ׼һָ͵˳ȥ
ɣ
ƶɮ˵ʲôأǧף׺䣬ԪжΣⶼʲô
һھסˣܿ׹϶ǡ졯ƶɮǿʽһͨͨı׷󣬷ӳ˳ԽҲǡ桯ı׷
ƶɮĵȼʱˣ
һ˲䣬պڰˣ
˵ͳڹӰ֩Ʋܼ˵ױغ˹֩ϣͬһŵϺɫ̻
䣡
Ӱ֩˽̿Ƭٿٿ£ѩϣѩ׵ĴȾ˻Һɫ

⣬ͽô
Ӱ֩ɫҺҲʧȥ䳾ӶҺΧѳ
һУԽ㿴ôֻһУλʦ˹Ӱ֩䳾
ֻһô򵥣ԽҲֱˣĩûпֻ˰ԪڵõʽҲֻոùı׷󡭡ĩףͬʽͬȻӳ˳Խı
ı䳾͵Ťͷ
ʽıϣﵽ˻ԪжΣԽЦ
ͬʽܷӳԽı䳾죬ôܣ
ĩֻֽͣԽıһ˵ǿޱȣٱġġǿʮҡҡͷԼƷֿܣԣġġѾǺǿˣ˵ǿҲǿʮģⲻϳʶ
ǾֻǵڶֿˣԽɬСһ˵겢ǿգĲٿأй֪ʶѾﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵزһλʦǿߣ
⻰䳾ȻߺԽǸղλʦʵ
ˣǶˣԽһư׺ףСĩ˵䲻صĻѾˣͲٴȥˣ죬˻ûԶϿȥʦѧգֻҪʦһλʦĵʦҲһǿѰ
䳾͵ؾѹͷһѾɲֽǧԶˣ
ʦ
䳾ǰ
ӷСʲôʮһɮɡ
ʦ䳾룬롭һ뵽Լɴʦӣ䳾ߺ䳾Ϊʦ
ʦ
ƶɮղſ˳˵ģΪƭȡѣôˣ
䳾ͨ˹ɲõԤС
ƶɮɸ˰ɣ
СΪҪʦ̽
Ϊʦʵ׿ָ䳾ٽ䳾ͷ
ǺǣԭѾƶɮʵƤһЦƺڿӣ˵˵οģ
ʦˡ䳾ᣬ˵˻㲻Ҫ֣䳾һУʦȻֻ˰Ԫڵȴӳ˳Խ䳾ı䳾룬Ҫôӵбǿʮ꣬ҪôʵĸˡŤͷ۸ԽԽ׷Ҹʮ꣬ʶ㣬û䳾Ҫǿʮ갡ֻǵڶֿܣʵʵԶԶֹԪô򵥣
Ϊ½ûб̬꣬ΪƶɮǸˣ
Ц˳ƶɮ˲ܹӰ֩ٺ٣ľΪڡı̬꣡
ʶ˲ǳ
ƶɮҪͽ
ɣ
䳾ոնƶɮҪͽܣƶɮǷˣ˵һͽƶɮɾҪСӴˣʱһݴ֮ˣ
ԣͽܣ
Ǹʲôھܾźأ


024 
С۾Ѱܿ죬Ϳ˲Զ߰˸ԱڹӰ֩ҺµĿ󹤺;
ոնսҲڣ
ⲻĽô
ԭˣ㻹Щ۹ģص˵ͷ
ʦӦˣ䳾ʱ񼤵ߵͷʦͽ
Сƶɮʳڣȷʵͽ˼ƶɮ˼Ǿˡ
Ϊʲô䳾æ̧ͷ
Ϊǣָָ۵ڣڶս֮ʱƶɮЩ̸һΪꡣ˵Բһ񣬻ҸÿּۻۣС˳ȥô
ѽС̹Ȼͷ
ȻģƶɮͲͽˣ
ɫСƶɮĴţԴӣĵƣû캦֮£ΪһԲϣ͹ֵطԣٰ裬˰ա̾˿̫ˣС˼Į֮ˣƶɮʦ㣬ݰ
һд𣿡䳾ȵ
㻹֪䳾а˰ΣȻҡͷӲɽҲˣˣƶɮȥȵ̸ͣҲ˫˵ȥߵûһ˿
ƭ˼ҵıٲ߿Щˣ
Įݡ
䳾û׷ѩ˼˺ܾãȻ̧ͷۣԽǸ𣿡
ԽƬ̣Сʵⲻ㣬
ҲҪǻֻҪ˵ʵУ䳾մȡ
˵ʵԽҧҧСɵ۹ĸӦ˵£Ϊ£԰ΪƽĮӰȷʵЩˣ
Ǹ˵
СүĻҲҷҲˣЩ£ӦԼж϶Դģ˵һΥĻԽ̹
˵Ĵˣ䳾Ц
С㣬û¾ͺãСƴﵽˣ
ĵش˹˵ֺõĻ
ң
ΪֵطԣʦŻ˼ݰ
ۣ㻹ңΪ㣬ʧȥ˰ʦԵ䳾üֵԲԣҴ򣬴طԣ
ž
Բ붼û룬һϣ˰͵ݣȻͷ

ۣԸ汣㡭
ɽȺ棬۰ӣЦС۾ˡ
ٴӵ꣬ƭɲֽǧʣ߻ѵ˱ؿһ㣬һɽ׬أ
ȵȣе׬
ȻһκֵĶԻ䳾Խ˵ģ
ȻǴʱԶƾɽȻ˸һ
ˣˣٴʹˣ
䳾ŹѾûۣȻüԽ̨ѾҴǧ̨꣬û޸ңֻӰ֩Ϊθڹ컯ɱˣ̨ѹ𣿡
Ȼǹ£ԽһݣӰ֩ǻԪ¶Σ˵ֿ̨ܵѹ̨˰ɣ

˵ţʮѩʿɽɽȣͷʿԽү̻Ϳǰ³ǣڣ³ǵؾΧ
ôԽ΢΢һ
ʿͬǴɫ˳ס۵۾Ͷ䣬ȻʿСˣ³ʱ̨˴ݻ١
ʲô
ʿ˵꣬ԲԺ䳾Ѫɫ̨ıٵˣ

Եİ
ɲǼ䣬ϿʧȥһԲԴסˣ䳾סˣʿЦԣĩռٵϢ
ûˡ
̨
٣
ų̂ıˣʿɬ̨Ӵǧ꣬𲻵ڵ޾Ͳðͷң̨ٵˣޣпκʱ䣬Ϯκһذ챣ȥ³ǰɣҰ̫Σˣ
˵һ飡
ԽƺԼĶ䣬һץסʿؼף̨ôܱ˻ٵΪ˱̨ʵ۱ٰٸ֣쫷ҴĴǿߣ̨ķˣүԪǿ֣ûбס̨𣿡
ҪĴǿˣѾղĸԪǿˡ
ʿЦ³賿ִ̨ߣʱķı̳ӭУֻһһɱķˣɫ֣ƺֵĿ£ķ˰ֱ̨֮ǿߣ쫷סֵĲһһ־ͿԴݻ̨
Ҹأ䳾Ҹûг𣿡
үյϢҲѩʿȥ̨ԮˣҲȥˣˡʿƿЦ˵ˡ
˵Ҹˣ
һһʿʵۿǧѩʿ־ͶүġѩүҲнҲý㿴һĽˡ˵꣬һѩʿķߣ̴үؿڣ
Ҹˣ䳾ǰһڣЩ˹ȥ
үû£ʿæȻȫɱү֮ʱү˻ıѩ⣬˿үĽ֮󣬺ܸȤЦ˵ó⣬Ҳ˽·ˣǾٸһλˣȻֵ㣬ҲȤ˵ƿնȥƾүˣűסһ

ִݻ̨ľԽʧһɱģһܱأһֻͻٵ˴Ӫǧ̨ߣ𣿡
ү˵˵ĽѾʽ·ﵽ˽ľ磬н⣬ͲΪ棡
˵ĽʲôӣԽ׷ʵ
⡭ʿͷְȻۿ˳ʵݣ
˵˵ÿһ仰ץֵҪԽ
ǣʿ룬ְ˵ĽӦòֹһ֣ɱķ˵һֲңʽһ޻أǧ֮ƣӦһּΪײеɱ֮Ѫ޻أ
үһ֮֮֮ʿ󣬰ڣӦһսһ֣׿Ȼڣ
ɣ
ʿ˵㾪°ͣ
н⣬һ޻أһвڣΪʲôŶأ
µн⣬ǰУ޻ؽͲڽô
֣ǧ˵ен⣬ʲôǧ쳾ΨҶ裬Ȼƶɮûȥˡ
ã
ʿûݵн⣬˵һ仰ŵĸ
ˣ˵Ľһص㣡ʿү˽֮𶯣Щ˵˲ӵжֽ⣬һСڣ֮ڣһݣ
Լڣûȥˣ
ӵ޻ؽͲڽнڣ֮ݻ̨֣Ǿô


025 
ݻ̨֣ǧǾȻƶɮҶҪ֮ˣ
̨ʵ̫Ҫˣ
ش½޺УһǧǰУɱƽġ¼¼УʱĴ񽫣Լ̨
̨֮գһǧɢ̨ѹ£ֳӴ˲ڴҡ˵̨Ǵػǧϣ˭̨˭ǴԹУҪǧ̻ģ
ӷǧǾǧǡ
ɬ촽ȻЦ˳
ôǾأȲ˵Ը񣬾˵ʵţҲֻһʮİԪ϶ΣпܴӮԪǿпȥ
ܣ
ǲͽˣֿ϶Ǿ
ȷֲǡԼ˿͵Ͽ̸
²˳٣㻹Ǿ챣Сȥ³ǰɣ
ʿݸԽһܺүֻƵֻ񣬵ִ³֮뽫ܵӣزֵ
Խùͨһʱɫʲôֻһһױͼֵòû𣿡
үЩѾܲˣЦүûпֵӣ˼óӵнڣ֮ǣ˵үֽս֮ʱɢߵâ籱ǵӣүƶϣϣضĳط뱱йأ
뱱йأ
ԽͷԸˣ̻С̣;עⱣܣ³ǣ˵С٣Ϊǧ֮£𣿡
㲻𣿡ʿ㵵
ŶһЩ飡Խ˻֡
Сѩʿ뿪еĴӣ۵ҴǰɫüҪˡ
Խǣʶ˺󼸲
ԲסˣԽ۾̨٣¹شԵľģģܱκλ֪֮㿴˴ʿͱ뱻
ۣ
ϿﴫиϺ
ɣڰͷƣƶɮÿ죬ȻҲҪˣ
⣬Ȼǲܲ͵ġ

ڶѾ뿪ɽܿ³ǵӰˡ
ʱĳͨȣ̨֮󣬴һӵرգؿǿػˣɽｨˣʼսˣڴ½ϣܿһӶӵʿðѩн
Ȼϰղ̨֪٣ϲ׼أ
ڽɵУһɽﲻͣɵЦ
ٺ٣ʱ䣬ƶɮѾٴζˣ
ǻʲôϽѧϰ
֣þòŶٻ࣬æǾ仰һֻܶһӵ࣬Ҳֻܸ㽻һӣǾֻ˵ؼġ
´ΰɣɵ̾ͷ䵭
£΢΢һ㶡
£һָı󣬡ѾͷѾһһҹˣ
Ѿͷ
Ťͷһֻһ۵СŮվѩ⵽ˣСŮ죬Ҫ˵Ǹæͷŵסӵؿ
ԲСŮܵĻ꣡
ꣿɴ۾ЦкСŮһֱң
ңң㣬㡭
СѾͷȻŅ̀ͣͷлһЩĹĵӺǿɰ㣬㣬Ϊ𣿽ϵ֮䣬ǣйصģӮҡȴȴû뿪ңңͱȺķ䣡
ңңҡСŮ˵أ
ٺһЦ˼ˣûҵΪսߣͲ뿪ң˼𣿡
СѾͷͷ۾һĨ⡣
뿪𣿡ϵСѾͷˣæ֣ˣ߰ɣұ֤Ϊ㣡
СѾͷûлػίһʯ棬˫ϥһš
֣ȥط̸
˳к뿪ɸ˼СѾͷ׷ͷɵظ棬һһһͷŵöʯ档
˵СŮѾ뿪ˣ㻹ʲô档
ңңء
СѾͷ͵˵һƨѩ۴
Ŷ˵εض
ģġСŮʵĵˣģûطȥˣģĲҪѽ
ңҵꣿ۾һ
ǣǣһˣһֻһ꣬ǿǿģģĲҸ
СŮͷ촽һصᣬԲԲĴ۾޺ˣǣǣ㣬ģľҪŮѽ
Ů
⺢Ӵѧʣ
С۾գգȻðһ⣡
ѾͷȻͣû̫ı£Ͼǻ갡ǿٷ֮ʮĽܼӿ콣ٶȣ
ƶɮҪѾͷװװתһûĵù
Ŷ϶׬ˣ
ˣˣˣȥⱾ㻹𣿡
ЦˣСŮԺ͸ڸߣֻҪԹԵģ籣֤϶һŶǸҵһŶ
㣬㣬ˣ
ΪЦȻԴһᣬĴ۾ãȻǣǣ㣬㣬Цĺ޳ѽ


026 Ħ밢
飡飡
ѩ磬³ǵϿų貵̻̻֮£³ǵľ׷߳ţֽżھӻЦһ֣һϲĽ󡭡
³ˣ˽ڣ
³ǵľţҪߴһϢ
ʿϲȺһʿߺ֪𣿱ĵճŮؿ䳾ѾԼ³ˣǣؿʲôݣҶ˵˰ɣɣõıؿǰˣ
СǱһĴôˣ
ʲôСˣ϶෢һЩ⣬е׬ˣ
ǣǣȥ⣡
ϵϲ˺üľѾ׼˲ӡ
ææһϢأ
ʿЦǺǵؼǣΪ˻ӭؿ٣³ǵ塪ңռңңѾ׼һʢĻӭ䣬ʱڳǰʼȥμ䣬ӭСˣܵõһ·
Ŷ
³ǵľ䶯ˣǧӿ˴֣ʱһͷ걻öᣬЬӲȶˣӱˣڵϣͷ϶ðЬӡӡ
ɣ
һ·ڼ

˽֮Ҳľһӵķʱ䣬ٶȸϻ³ǡ
ʱȺݺݵرȻһָ
սǾͲ㱻˼ƶɮˣ
ˣ
ɷ·꣬³ǵķװг϶ģƶɮҪǳû̵ףչ÷ꡭ
ɣȻˣ
ݺһԼĹͷæӿ˲
ٵˣ̨٣϶ң߲㾹ȻϢϰ֪ѾͷˡƶɮܲˣǱ뾡֪ͨ常
ͼݣһãȺмѵǰĶͷðһ亹
үү
ʱԱһק½ǣŤͷһһ⣬ݵӡ
ӣ˳˾Ǵȥӣ㻹û𣿸֮˿ʮ֪˽ˣ㾹Ȼ
үҲ㱻ڰ
ӹСӣŵ֮ͻȻȥˣǵҳʱ򣬸ɰ͵ģӲ˽ˣصʬ尡һ鲻ԣ͸Ͻ㵽һõѾ߼
ϣֵѽЦ
ѽȱ˵ҵĹʺˣүü죬ȥˣһСү粻֣֣ôƫƫʱˣҸ㣬ˣ
ʲô£һ㶡
ӺȻŤЦС۾תթ͸һɰүңڻִͨأ
ŶףҪôʱȤ
ҲǽףǡӹүҲҸּۻۣҪǲңҾûл·ˣ̧ͷˣֻи㣬Ҳִܶӵ׷ɱ
ôˣһҪͶƶɮ˸ӣ
Ժ͸Ұɣνصͷ
үҵĸ
ӿŵشУһѱһؿ޵ҷģĦһľź㣬ˣĹͣ㲻ҲҪĵ̤ʯ
˵ô鰡ˣ˵ʲôӵĴûĿһ¡
ĦӸϽүһѪͳЩٺ٣ԺӣҪйܼҸĺ󸣣ɣ
Ħ
˵֣бȻһָڿ˵ôʲô£
ү˵˺ܶ£㻹ǵ³ǵ𣿡ڨڨͷ
³ǵңָңռңң
Ҷ³ǵһͷҿųأռҿȫǵıװұȽ⣬˵һ֧ǵĹ壬ʮǰ³ǣ֪ǵĵϸ
ôˣʵǲֻӭؿ𣿡
Ϊӭؿųˣ
Сع۲һɫңɫ߶û䡭Ķˣæͷү벻Ҳ˵ˣȥμӻӭ䣬ۿһ𣿡
ʲôŵð˵ˣ
ɻͰ˳ǰ
Ϊ˻ӭ䳾Ѿۼ߰ǧˣΧ߸˵·վǰЦеزõֳҵȺУȻһŵɫȹӰһʮľŮ
ɣ
Ůӣըˣ
ү𣿡ӵͷһָŮڣ˾ǹҵĴС㣬δޣ⢡


027 ֮ҹ
δޣ
ȻļﻹôһΣ
ʮǰҸո³ǵʱΪ³㣬ڸճ֮ѡһ͹ָΪ顣
˵ʵҪ֮󣬸û뵽ѡ˳ĵճӣпܺһǻŮװ
ǳ˵Ԥϣ飬ӲǶгϵѹѡǲŴҥе֪˵̬ǣߣҾҪȢһǻŮҾҪøճͺݺݵضһ桭
ɣ
ԭʮǰͿʼƶɮˣ
֣ˣǹ⢡
Ŀɻ󣬡˵Ĵ飬й𣿡
ϵأһֳָүȿǰ
˳Űָһֻǰ㳡ϴһһ׶ߣԲʮ׵Ĵƽ̨ƽ̨Ѿһĺ첼дšӭؿݰ³ǡĻӭʣһš硯ݳԤ档
磬Ǿݴ½Ҫֻ֮һһȡʵ¼ıظϷ磬רҵԱݣǵϵĻ硣
Աڴ½ӵзǳߵλõġǧѩ˵ӵкüҵĻҾλӵмǧ˵˽װǧ
㿴Ԥ𣿡
Сϱ磬ռҵ⣬籾Ҳռҵļհ֮дģСˣհ֮ûģ֪дʲô籾Ҹ㣬дǡ֮ҹ
֮ҹɣҪݡ
˵һ룬ȻؿڷƣɤӷһѪ˳
үæ
ٺ٣ûˣЦվˣ˵ҲµöԲԣ⡶֮ҹʲôݣ
ү㶼µˣͱ˵ˡ
ȥ۾Цļŵðæã˵үհ֮дľ籾Ҫݳڸֵọ̈̄´֮հ֪֮ϸ̣Źϣ˵ǿӲ֣ȫƾھ籾뾡취㣬ֱдһû˵ҷϰ
𣿡Цʡ
үհ֮Ҫڼʮǰọ̈̄⻹Ͻ취ֹɣȻû³ˣ
ʲôЦӣȸ˵Ҹռԩ޳ģΪʲôôң
Ϊ˹⢣ָȺеһˣү㿴Сһռҵļ̳ˡǰһͿϹˣζƻ͹⢵ĻԼأ˵ⳡ磬һƻԼİ취Ҫ³ǶӣһΪ棬Ҳȡ͹⢵ĻԼˣõĹңܰŮ޸һѵҷϰ
ɣ
ȥһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ڱƶɮ̣Ҫƶɮѣû˰
ˣռôûзӦ
ʳеʡ
ˣЦү֮ʦڲ㸸׾Ͷչˡ֧˶ڣ˾ͳҵĵˣҪ˵˵ķӳ
飡飡
ų̻Ҳͣ俪ʼˣүԼɣҵķӦ̨ˣ
˵䣬̨Ѿ׵ڼٸʿı£䳾ڳǰ߻׳佫һԽһ󸹱㣬͹棬³ǵĳɽ
λС٣³ԣ俪ʼ֮ǰҴ³ǣʽӭС
ɽЦе˵һλӭʣ˵ʱʱգż֮ɫȻ̨֪ٵϢֻǿװµӡ
һ׷ڹ󣬺ɽЦСϲ徲ҲͲ˵ϻˣʽʼС;Ϊ׼硪֮ҹ
һȺʱ
ԤûдǸ֮ҹȤˣ
õҴүȻǫ̃ϱݣǰ겻ĴĿ
˵ˣ쿴쿴ԱǳˣҷϵıݾҪʼˣ
γ⡶֮ҹʲôĿǶϲƵģϯ̨䳾΢΢һ治֪³׼Ϸ롣
СԺСΪͰǽܡɽһЦ̨ܵСλǣ⡶֮ҹհ֮д˵³Ҹ֮ڷ顭򵥽˾飬Ц⣬ھĿʼ֮ǰҪرлңΪñݸʵҵĶү٣ԳԼôҿһҷϵģ
ҵķӳ٣ƶɮһλȻҪڼǰٱһΣ


028 ɫ
С۾зˣЦضȺ棬ͨĹڡ
ү㣬㻹Цóˡ
ıģҪô裬ǸҲ̲סˣɴүȻЦ
ǱͿˣӷˣ
ΪʲôЦأ֣££ϳǡ
Ц֣׬Ǯ뷢ƣҪѵˣѩܣҲͬĵ
ŶƶǶض
֮ҹһĻҹ󣡡
źɽıĻʮӹ̨óƸӣȻĻ߸ΧڰԣҵߴϣڴЦš
ݿʼˣ
ΪҵҫǱ
һϡİվپϹү̫ˣǻˣɣ
үֵ֪֮飬ǴΪأΪңͷһϡɴ
ǵĴ£ߴϷ׷پôţƺķƵġ
ã
⿪ĵһĻǱĻ̨ϵԱȻֱݵĳ뻯ȫ˵յĳ
ɰ͵ģһֹүɲⳡ氡ӡ
ʳָߣᡮꡯż
ݼ
Ҫ˵ˣ
Գǰٷŭվʹĵǣǵ飬ǲҪңϾҵ簡
үҪ״׵ĵ
ȻĴ磬ҵˣ
Ҫ˵ˣҪ˵ˣҲܷ簡
ǲƣʹض˺ͷðǿǣˣٸһλ𣿡
үȡ
һλᶼϸ𣿡ٱߵضųǣɬˣԼ˵仰ΪԼ⼸𣿡
⡭ǻ࿴˿ͷڶүϣˣȥ
ܿ죬ͱ׳̨
Ϊͻص㣬⡮СƵĻ·ͿͲʣ·˫³ӽģǸҡеĴ󡡣
һ̨һŴ·׳󺰣ʲôʲôҿҵĴүǶҵĹūţң
ұ죬Ҫ·ʿһλϷȻŭȡ
ϻֵ̿ع߶µصͷңҴˡ
ߣҷϣ
ϺݺݵһڣҪУҴʵЩ꣬㶼ЩԲҵ飿
Բңûаӵת
ûУΧסһȻͦء
ڳǵŭ£ͷǣǣһЩԲҵ¡
Щ£ʵ˵ŭʡ
ڵϣֵ̿ϸ£ҿǶҵѾͷƯͣ˻ǣҴˣԭҺ𣿡
һô˵
УСˣȥ궬죬ҽԪڵʱ򣬸͸һ洫ҵʱöģǷ˺ööծͣͰ洫ծˣ
洫ı㶼һƣžˡϡ
򣬱Ҷ˻𣿡ض㵽ǰ꣬Ǳ븡͵˼Ҵ书ؼˡǣҲҲģ̫ˣ˵ҪɱҰ
̰ͳҵĻܣ㣬㡭
ؿھһϵ˵ЩС£˵Ҫģ˵ȥ꣬ʵ۱սʱ㷸ʲô
ңҶԲװ
ͻȻڵأޣսʼҺ͸ױ·Ϯ˵һӪءʱ̫ˣҲɱˣҲȥϮ˵ӪأҴʿˣ׹¾ԮоΧסЩ
ž
һͣ㺦£Ͷӣͳɱһٴζ
ŭ٣ү㶼ˣˣ㻹Ҫ𣿡

ٳ̾˿Ȼ£ҴˣĴˣǡǴðɣ
Ļ£һĻˡ
ǵĻʱû³ǣ
̫ˣǴԱүʴȣǵ壬Ǳֵ쾡£ľְ
ʵĻǱԱ㿴ı޳ܣСųֵѪ⣬һģһ
ʵ𣿡
⻹м٣Ϊǰ׽е𣿡
ȻһˣҽǼʶˡ
ŹǵۣʶŲ˼
˳󻯵ֵزүҪըˡ
ɰ͵ģүһʧأô죿
֣ʲôأ
Ťͷһȵصɴ۾֮ȻЦү㣬û
𣿡Լˣ֣ʲôݣ
Ԥ濴ڶĻСӢš˵㲻ıͻȻϮǣؼʱ̣үչ˻Ԫڵ״ˣ
ǵĻأ
ĻСѪ顯˵ս֮ధүһΪ˻㣬ڸѪ֡
ȻǺϷ룬Ϊ˳ңռ˿أ
վϷ벻䣬ڶĻʱ򣬻һҡٵĴϷ𣿡
ͷЦ˳ٺ٣ⳡϷǴĻ
ү롭ɫˡ
¶ˣһٷ֣
Це̨棬֣ɻһڴսŶԶˣţ
̨éŰԼԱϲĹˣһƴԱȻԼԱӣͲʣŷʴĻ·͸ղŵԱһģһ
éͭ˿Լװ磬Ц˳
٣㲻ҪڵڶĻʱŹ
ãƶɮͻװԱϳĴһ
ٺ٣Ҳ벻ͲʵԱɣ


029 ѪȵĵڶĻ
ʰ׵߳é
ôų㣬ڶĻϾͿʼˣ
һݳϵԱ棬Ҵҵ̨ڶĻͷϷˣСĵ㣬ϷʱһҪϺүүǿߣҪǲλܿ
һйڶ⣡Ц̨
ⲻԱô
Ա͵洫˹ڵĻݲϸˡ
ڶĻӢţ
ɽıĻУڶĻʼˣڻСˣҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ֿô
˻ȥҵ治ҪռһĻҪģѣ³̧ͷ
ɣɣڵĻǶôĶˣʮ˶֪ˣǸ΢޳ܣųС֣ʮ˶֪ˣ
ȵȣôˣ
ǵЦͻȻˣ
վ籾ڶĻܹΣһΣԱӦùϴǷһǳǲͬ⡣ڶΣ͸һЩչܵܵʴȣ֪ôͻȻϮ١Σչ˹˵֣
ڶĻһʼԱȷʵ˵һΣɾڵڶΣϷʼʱ
үǣĲϷŹ𣿡
ԱȻ˵ϣˣҰɣٸһλɣ
㣬ǶԲҵڣҪ˵ˣ
Ƿ׷׳Ҳվʹͳһ磬µҲﲻˣӣ֮󣬾뿪Ұɣ
ҲߣЩ쵰
ԱͻȻ˷شУһƿ˫٣
һھ籾ļƻ֮ڣٲûж㿪
ǣԱЦˣͻȻ٣˫ͻȻųһɫĹâ
ԱȻǰԪڣ
ȻҪðԪڵϮٶ
ֻüǷʧеٶСģ
̫ˣ
ֻǰ籾Ϸû뵽ԱˣһðԪڵ͵ϮûκηӦͱ˫ؿڣѪɵײ̨ߵľ׮ӡ
ǰɣ
ڴֵľ׮ӣײˣ

ô£
Ȼ۶Ա
籾дģԱҲûдٵı°

϶ðԱҪûɱԼ
ɣŭһ֪ڲǺ˼ʱӭս׼
һҲųԪ¶εǳɫȻ·֣ȼ˻Ԫ¶ε
ʱԱһ֣ҲѾٴٽǰ
ƾԪ֮Ҳɱң˶ϰգ˫ؿڻ˸ȦĿڴ£֮ͻȻһŵɫĹ͵غ·ԱմĻԪ
УһУ
ԼЦˣ
ǰ㻹дƶɮɽ죬ƶɮѾӵ꣡
ʮ㣬˫ָһɲֽڻԪؿ֮ʱͻȻһļӳ£ɫҲˣ˱ٻҪһĻԪжΣ
ಣಣ
֣һס˻Ԫһݺݵٵؿ֮ϣ
䣡
ɻԪײټ̨ըľм׷ɣȻ
ûϵͻȻѧȼ̨ķǱѪˣ׷ϣ䣬䣬䣬һʮ߰˵Դϣ
ɣ
٣㲻ҪϷƶɮô
㲻ܷӳԪ¶εô
ƶɮѾܷ꣬ӳԪж֮
죬ƶɮڼǰд籾ǱѪûˣ
ĳõйڼǰй˷ܵԸӣ䣬䣬䣬Ƕʮըؿڣ
飡飡
ʱͻȻ͵һ
ֽţ
֣ôˣ
͵͵ԣʵ
㣬ʱˣ
̾ͷսĵһҪ񣬾Ҫáˡ֣Ѿ·˴ȫޣٲ֣ڱ·óԸˣ
ԣ
һݣ֣˼·ܷӳǿ
һ۵ڵϵ١
֮ۿٵڵϣ­ǼˣѪȫѾʧȥսǾߣһ޵ŮԻǻվʮңװӼ䣬ɨһۣĿ﷢
·Ѿʼˣ׼ˣҲ·㻹Уߣɴߴٵ


030 䳾С
ߣɢȥ࣬صʵ硣
ղŵһжգۼ䷢ٽֲһ룬Ľ̸Ҳֻӣ̶̵ʱڣֻȼܷӦ
ǣұٶ˭ɱۣ
һӦģȻǿû书ˣ첽̨ҳҲϣ
ԽڶӦ䳾ߣŭγ׼ĻӭôСҪ˾ţүض壡
ɽ
죬ⲻϷڼս
ܣܣǧҪ˰
ҲӦˣŵķֳ˺üһ˳һϴ֣һ˸ӣǰʱҳһࡣ
ԵĻУһȶ˵ӰȴΪ侲
⢣
ݿʼ֮󣬹һֱ۵ĽԹ̨ۣϵġ裬ߵһڣȵұҲֻһֻƱһڡ
С㣬һܰŵȶӶˡ
ΪʲôҪܿȤһսЦҡͷ
Ȥ
ǶסˣðһĶͷѽûҪܿأС㣬ǺͿˣʲôˣ
ȻˣǾͿϷˣ
⢵ĿȤ
ɣ
Ѿͷʲôأ
ԶԶؿ⢵ӣȻδޱİ
ˣڿɲǿŮ˵ʱ򣬸Ͻ뿪ǣ
뿪İ취
ٺ٣ƶɮˣ

ڼʮҳϳ׼ֵʱͻȻҽһװ˵ӣ
٣ʵǿҲǶ֣
ˣصˤȺ֮УȻվע⵽Ѿˡ
ǣǣʲôȵش󺰣ѽǲ˰ɣղǰźõϷݣ򣬲򣡡
źõģ
Ⱥض˶١
ǣղϷ˼ҾԲסԲסˣҺͶүݵ̫Ͷˣŵ˸λҸҾϹⲻˣ
˵꣬ȺҾǸ
ֶⲻˣǸղŵĳ桭Ϸ
λС磬ݵ̫ˣҶΪأ
ԱС磬㾹ȻڼսݵúһˣǶˣ
İջصֳ˷ܵغ֣ѵ£Ǳǩ
ŵһӾʧˣ
ⳡ棬˵˶üͷ
ǵ۹⣬Ȼˣ˾ϷҪɱ٣
ѾͰǴһƬҺòͣ˭ʱȥץˣпڶλҰ
ץǲץ
γղǰźõ𣿡
εĹͷС䳾˷֣ܵʣ̫ˣҲûп˾ʵıѽ
ûǰźõģɽ񿴵˾ݣæССһϲŰһڴսɲ룬³ǵİû棬סˣССˡﰡ

䳾ܿģ֣ղǸԱ˭ͣ
ϣлСˣ
ԶԶ仰СʹСˣ绹еĻûأСȥ·ݵĻ
Ҵҵ˺̨˿˿䳾ɫû׷ȥ
ٺ٣ܳˣ
éҵĻԵԱһˮѣȻ˳³ǵСӾûӰˡ
鶼Ԥ֮ˣΪ˲С£Ա֮ͳ̨˴˵٣ʵʵذȥ
ȻΪ˱֤ʱı飬ֻ˵Ȼңһ֮Ǻ͵ģٺͼֿսһҹŴˡħͷ
Դϲ
ΨһгľԽ
СĩղŲ⣬Ѿ­ѣЩˣԽ䳾ߡ
ɵϣͿˣ
䳾Ц𿪵кˣȴشԽ
ˣԽһ㶡
ǹܵģСЦԽûпеôõģǱɲֽǺǣǰռʥɮϵǳѽ
ô˵λʥɮڸˣ
϶³ǣ䳾Խ³ǵÿ䣬ҵʥɮҵ֮ʥɮϼң˵̾˿˵䳾֪ˣʥɮȱ䳾ͽɣ
˵ţ䳾ûͷһ
ؿۣԶһ˫ˮͫЦЦؿԼüԽλС˭
ǹҵĴС㣬⢣Խô
ûʲôҪˣ
䳾ҡҡͷɻǾֵֹģ⹫ƺһرζɽϵõ壬ߵȴ˾Ķǣ

䳾˹⢵Ĳƽͬһʱ䣬ҷһƽ¡
죬кڲүŲסˣ
ڲչˣҲ
Ǿҽ³ǵҽ
ҺԺλ̧ٴһ䲡Ȼ¼չ٣˷ͷȥҽ
ʲô
˻ӻ֣˶ȥҾˣ
ˣҪүס
ȥǻһ˺Լ׶ô
һָţǻ࿴˿ͷ˳ȥ

ֻʣˣʹĵ̾˿ڲߣٶĺܺãôصˣȻ˿ԽܵĻԪ¶ΣΪЩĽ̵ֻǣˣ
ΪĴƣôʲô
­Ǳ飬߹Ƕ˺üѪ٣ͻȻͦ
ԳЦЦ˵գ˴߹֮󣬺̲סҪ·ˣǺǣúʱĸ׵ĴƣŻȥˣӲסˣ


031 ٵʵ
ٶĲ
˵ţ˸ٶͷϵ˿ڣᣬúֶΣַҪɱأ𣿡
ɤֲڣԸıӦǵˣ룬ΣԪ϶εʵˣ˿

üͷһ壬ܣʹϵ꣬һˣٴӵꣿ
˵ҲǣҲüͷ˭أһʵûнʲô˰
ĸܾãҲûֵݡ
벻Ͳȥˣ׷ǣٶЩϢЩˣΪ۰
˲ɺã˳ȥ
ȵȣٺȻסˣ˵ͻȻȻǷˣϾһǧпܱ˲һǧԣδһ꣬ٴνˣһĸ֮սʲôԸ
ٴν
һĨ⣬Ϊ㿪ģߵԣ
ܿأٺǽ
ܣߣЦٶͿԣԪ¶εɱסκο㶯Ԫ֮ˣɱڣ𣿡
ˣΪĴƣ˿ϵ
ţĺöӡ
ҺԺƽ

֣˵ٵʵԪǺԪǿߣ
һƬС֣оٵʵ
Ѿ֮ĵڶˡ
ӳ֮ʵ˷˺һһ㣬ƶɮβƻ䣬ŤתԼڰе󣬸ʹ٣һֵĳ𣬺ٺ٣׬ˣ
ǵڶһ磬ٴζԣɿ˽ٵʵ֮󣬾ҲЦˡ
ټпԪԪǿߣ
棬ÿֻܽһӣϧֻ򵥵Ļش⡣
˽ٵʵ˽·
ɵס𼶵ս궼򵥣λʮսڶλ·ӵпֲԣ
жֲæ׷ʡ
·ȫ¾죬ţܹоؼӳãÿһԣܽ˵ȼһԼһ㣬ǰԪ¶Σż֮ʲôȼɭȻЦ
Ÿȼһ£𾪵ԪԪ¶Σ
ǺԪ¶ΣѾӵˡʥԪԣǧĺԪ¶Σ
ĿȻٻ̫ˣһܷӳ·ȫɾֻܿԣѾԪڵʵˣһоܴ㣡
·Ȼôֲ
ٵʵֱɲ޵׶һƶɮпܴ
ˣɿ뷨
Ͱ͵һͷ
̧ͷɵˣ·ǿҲһЦ
ŶҲ𣿡۾ˡ
ҵȻУɰȻҿ˵ʵ㼶ϣ˵ɸǿֻ꣬ʮս֮ס˫
ʵ㼶ɡ
ôЦڵʵ׾ǲף˵ҲסֻҪסֻҪڼҵӳ˳ɣԴ·
˵Ҹ
С۾
һһһ
ɻû˵ߺȻСĵ
⺢֮䣬һһµػԴ䵱ʱһԴһ֣һӡ
˿ʼ̸Ѿȥʮ
ǣǣģġ
ļˣĽͣȥʮˣĻûꡮһأ
һһһ
ģˣ֪һӿ쵽ˣ
æӿ٣֣˵ص㣬Ҹʵ
£վҪѧϰֽʣīȱһɣѾɲֽǧʣ֮ǰŪһīˮҲҪԪīˮ
īˮҿ䳾ֵʱҲҪīˮٺ٣ѪˣŹ٣ҲѪģ
ѪЦҾ㣬Ҷѵʼ֮󣬵һ׶ΣҪõ׵īˮҪôѪͲ׼ˣ
صͷ
ʱһʱ޵ɢȥɺСҲˡ

кڵİʵҪīˮīˮ֪Ūô
붼û룬ѿڵȻȥٱիٱիǻϿĵֻ̣벻û򲻵һŷʴĶƤһ˴ĴָүҪȥٱիҰţٺ٣ǵط죡


032 ʺǿ
ֻ벻û򲻵
ǰٱիʵдգٱիǴĻҲҵѾһǧʷǧ귢չƲ˵鲼ȫ½ֻҪʮ˿ϵĴУͿ϶ܿٱիķֵ꣡
ǻҲҵٱիҲǴ½һģֻҪǮҷضݣκδκλƷ𣬰ƷҲ˿ڡ
ǰٱի
һĴ֣תˣͺϲ£ˣȶӶЩˡ
ɣ
ǵ̣һȷҵ֣ڵĴҲԵúᰡ
үɵ˰ɣţŴƤ³ǵİٱիռ˳ϵһ֣ܹһٶʮ˼ҵ̣ǧٶˡ㿴ϵɫ𣿹ҺɫƵģƷɫƣþߣҰɫƣ鼮桭
Űһһָ㣬Ȼ˸ָɫ
ĺɫʲôģȻֵ֣мҺɫûпš
ٺ٣үʶˣ
ŴƤЦķҲƺڻյʱ⣬ɫƣǵºУרūͶƷ֪ΪʲôϤٱի𣿸ɰ͵ģҾūСҵģ
ϣǰūؿ۰
ūأЦеūҰ˴أүҸ㴵СʼҾͺһرĹʺˡū˵ʮʱץȥūǰŸձץߣڶ죬סĴӾͱߣһӼٿ˶ˣôһЩūӻǾһأ
ʮʱ򣬺һץūҪôˣҪôˣ󸣣ӲǱٱիĶ̿ϣͷǶҳԵɽ亣ζȵҺūү
ۣ
ӣܱ̿ϣ죬Ƕ̵۹òʲôز
ү㲻˵ģķҲҿ֤˰ٱիϻƣ֪ҺͶ̵Ĺϵ
Ʋ죬㣬Ͷͨ飬ٱիĶү֪
֪
㻹ܻ죿ɣҪǰٱիĶүͰˣһѡӡ
˵ѽٺ٣ЦˣҵĹʺˣȥ꣬ҺͶ̵鱻ү֪ˣүҲɱң½үûü֣ǼҾͷ¶ˣʵ۱һҹ֮ųնҿĶҲˣű˵ūҰ
˵䣬һɫƵĵ̡
ղŰȻûѣϤĻƴкһƹ˵Ĺҡ
ǺǣԭҵĴүүģаӣұ֤׬һͭ壡
ƹָһò裬Цүרõīˮû⣬Ҫ٣
ʮףٰԪɵҪ˵һ֡
ôࣿƹ̽үҶ죬ܲ˽Ʒļ۸񡭡ԪīˮֻаԪںķԼһλԪڣһҲһףǮ
۰ɣЦ
ƹ۰ˣҾ͸ͼۣһ
ɣ
û
ݴ½ˮƽһӴŵϤٿңһɾˣ
ƶɮȫһټϰ׵˽Ǯд常ѹӣܹҲ߰ʮ
ү۸ˣ
ƹ񿴳ûǮ̬Ҳ䵭̲˵үͶ̺õһ󣬰ҹδæڰϣҿĸͼˣҪٿۣɾⱾˣ
ϣ˵ģҶҶ
Ҳǳˣĳƹ˵Ķʵ顣ԴһᣬЦɣһʽףīˮ

ƹɫˣȻǵںүֵһɲóģȻаӣҪǸҸٱիŪ١
֣ǳŵһ۰ɣҪʲôȼνһƲ졣
ƹ룬һŻԪ¶Σ
ҸŻԪжεĹԣҪʮīˮָ
үˣңƹվ³ǣóԪжģֻңռҼԳ֣ƾ㣿ߣ˵䲻ĻҪóԪжε㻹ү𣿡
ƹôˣ
ų˽һƹӣΧס
ǣƣơ
ͷЦЦƹ񣬱˵ôѽʮӣҪǸô죿


033 ֣۹
ó
ƹ˰׺ӣִ³ǰٱիʮˣ۹⻹еģ˵ôԣ֣
ѽҪóԪжεԼɾ˵ˡ
Ԫжεһͨ˷ӳԪսļƷԪˣǸĹ屦˲ţԲܵﰡ
үҪóΪҸղŵĻǸ⣬īˮĲգǽѣƹЦЦ
ôˣߣƲ뿪
ϹƤƲƶɮ
ٺ٣ƶɮǸմ䳾͵ѧһУǡþԪأ
ƫƧĽ䣬ðѷ磬Լӻǧʺɲֽ
Ҫ˿ɲֽͣ
ԣ
ƶɮܹ䳾ƭһɲֽսӰ֩һţŹʮţһ㣬ƶɮɾֻʣ°ʮɲֽˣ
컹ҪѧϰʮɲֽƶɮԼأ
ԣ˷ɲֽͨİֽˡ
뵽ðȥһֽҧ⣬һѪˮͿǧϣдű׷
˻ص˵̡
ó
ƹ̫ʦϣŰֽ˿ȻĬˡ
ٺ٣ҵôЦغŲˮȻ˰ֽдģЧԲ̫
үұֻǸƷ飬㲻ϸ֣˼ʮı۹⻹еġ
ƹûмУ˵˿޹صĻһȡҪأһ߱ȼǺǣҾͲòһˣԪ϶εʵ첻Ԫɣ
ȻˣѸģٺ٣Ѹģͷ
ãѸģǵڶҪأ
ƹˣȡߵ֪ʶҪģ˱ʵַ
ͻȻվָŭԼıʷΣҷʮ꣬ûһҲаǧûмôҵıʷͳʷͺԣ
ʷ
һ㶣԰ƶɮıʷ䳾͵ѧģʵս֤ôܡԡ
Ͳס棬˽ķʱ䣬͵͵ѯɣ֣ıʷ𣿡
ɵıʷм٣
пһУдıʷġ̫飬ǬֱʷһǧǰҲıʷǧĽ죬ǵһ
ţʷû⡭
ƹô˵ԡأ
룬Ȼˡ
ɣ
϶ƶɮıʷ̫߼̫ˣƹʶһǧǰĸ߼
û۹⣬˵ƶɮĶ
֣ҲվȷҵƣơڰϣҸ߼ļʦһ𣿡
ٿˣǺ޼ֵ
ƹ㻹ŪңҾ͸˵˵ҪءȡڱҲֽʣīˮдıʻǲģӦǰԪڼıõʲôīˮǿˮѪˮ
ֽ
ƹˤϣǴֽһͭһŵĴֽǮ˲ƨõģڲƨֽϺͿĨ£ðԪ𣿡
֣𷢻ѽǾ仰Ҹ߼ļʦ
ˣڰϣҹȥҲΪ㣡
ƹ͵һָš
ҡͷΪ˵õѧϰĲϣŻ֣˺òãһ߼ļʦ
Ҿ³õļʦ
ƹ۾һĨ⣬Ȼ·ӻﶪӣүҿˣֽ͸ҰٱիƭǮߣڰϣҸ㼸ӣӣϽߣﲻźƭӣźؤ
ؤ
ķζըˣ
֣ƶɮӲˣɽҲ˵һˣ̵ϹۣƶɮģʧǧĶ
ˣˣû۹
һµΣðһ⡣
֣ԼƷ𣿡
Ĺ̨һ
Ȼƹͷ
Ǻãջһţһһڹ̨ϣ㲻ʶ³ʶ˿ϳ߼ʱ򣬺ٺ٣֣ɲҪŶ


034 ޣ1
ҿ϶ڣ
ƹ񵭵ؿͰ̬Ϊ߻˹ҡ
ۿ˵ͣĵһ䣬ӱ˵ؤƭӸ˳мҲûӰ
ɰ͵ģ߲ҪҰͶ̺ţԴҵ
ϧҰѾǸūеūˣûôˡ
ţͨӣүϼһû۹⣬ҪҴȥһң
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ⲻͽˣٱիļʦϲҵҸУ˵ɥЦģҪұ֤֮ǰϼһ϶һȥ߼ҵ
үа취ѵϼһ۾ˡ
֪Ϊʲôֻһ𣿡˻ҵİ취ٺ٣Ҫһ棬ҵƣϼһﲻ͵ÿһȥ𣿡
棿ûôʵʡ
Ҳûн̫࣬Űһ·̯һྐྵӣһش˹ˡ
棬Ҫиʵģ
ԣƶɮһңĸСһʺģأ
ٱի׳һ˽һ˵ع۲죬ʱ֮С۾
ɣ
ˣ
Ŀֳ֮һǵˡ
˴һʮֲƵĺɫף󻤼Ѿиˣؿ¶˼󶴣Ӧǹǿɵ˺׵°Ѿ֮ܳΪˣѿ߰˴ʵ¶һѩ׼
Ȼãϴˢرɾ˵˳ȾҲΪ
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Եͷ˵ò
˵òҲʮǣһͷںڵĳɢбչĺۼһͷڱһɢǰסһͨ˿⵽ˣ˰ߡߵľ״ؿԭӦסģϣֻʣڸһС֡
ϰ壬ҪӦƸ
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ҡ糺죬ͷ͵ĸˡ
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ϰ壬ٿǿǣ˼İסְҪȻһģ
С㣬ﲻǴã
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վסϰˣǵֿɻûͬأ
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Уѽҵ洫ܸǣ
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ٺ٣ɾǸҪˣͷĴֹЦǣǾͰϹأǵ·һֺֺǣȻ󱦽͸ƹѾͷϵ书¥Ӵƽ֣
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޳֮ͽȻҪԺ
ﶸȻһĨ⣬Ѫӳ£һĨâĺֻгȾѪɱӵе

ͷͻȻγ彣Ǻॣȫʣһź⣬̵˶۾
ۣ
Ƭ֮ǺȻһƵ춯ǿ۾һ
ֵѾأ˵彣Ѿ˴ֵĺ


035 ޣ2

־ؿ˿Լϵĳֿ˿ߵѣͷ­Ȼ³һ
ɱɱ
ɱ˰ٱիıڣǰٱիıڣҵıڰ
ߣٱիҪˣˣ
һӾͺ䶯ˣֵ˳С̯˻߰ʮףྐྵӵĲ̯Ҳһ˲ÿտյ
үܣҲһӣѾͷֱǷӣȻڰٱիɱˣ
ææ˳ؿˣûŲŲ
ɰ͵ģżתܣү㲻ߣҿˣû㣬ٱիϾͻɳֱѾͷʱ˵׼ڴսģ
ڴս
ٺ٣Ǿ͸ˣ
ƶɮģڴսѵĹ𣡣
װŻӣͷܡ
žž
ԵļžУǵϰȻվ֡
һɾ䣬ֺС㣬Ҳǳýĸ֣ϰ建ˣڰٱիɱˣͱǲˣ·һɱлǸһ񣻵ڶǲĶ֣ǰٱիĸϾͻ
俴ϰ壬û·ֱ˽ֿڡ
վסҿֻ·ϰЦٸǰһԣǰʲô
վסվסվס
ϰвÿһ·ڶðһСֳǿ׼ˡ
ԭеĳڶӶסˣֻΪ˱Щͨ˲ûɱѣ
ھݴ½һ㶼иֶԸģЧͨ˵ľ޴
ǰٱիգۼܳôľӣ
ޣ֮ˡ
࣡
˿ɬţȻﴫһ졣
ѾûԷˡ
ˣˣҲҪԱɱ
Գҡҡͷʱֵ˶ѾܹˣֻһС۰˲Ĺͷ껹ڲ̯վţɵˡ
ɱȥˣǰҳЩɣ
ߣ̹Ȼ
ããŻˣֽŶ㣬Ҫʲôˮ裬̲裿
뿪ȻǾ͵ֵͬˣ
˻û˵ϰԶ󺰡
ңҡ֣ҲߣҰˮ𣿡
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ǾעʱȻѹ˵ŮȣҲǸ鼶ĸ֣û꣬϶Ӳȥˡ
һؿ꿴Сˣô˵
ңŮǹӽ㣬ҪһŶ̵ذڷŲߣ˽ôԪжΣԣԱƽ뿪
һ˵һ͵͵˲ϣ͵ǰ
ԤУҲӦÿдڲƨֽϵٽͽͣ˿ϵıʷԲһ˫
̫飬Ǭ
гıʷѹ˭дģħ̫֮Ѿ˼ˣ
ʶ
۾һʷһ仰ûȤף
ƾ̫ʣҵȷɱΧ
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ɽ
ֻ棬ҲںǲĻԼջЦеܸ㣬Ȼ˿ҺͬأʮǼҵҲһźһȻͿԻˣ
˵꣬òˮһֵ̿ܵ˵ϰߣϣ֣ԲסˣҸղűŻˣܣҵˮҾ͸ˡ
֪ҷϣ㿪
ϰ岻ͷطԸʵҲͣû˻ỳһйصġ
֣лˣͷһߣ͵͵Ц˳
Ѿ׼ˣɣ¾ǿһƶɮĹ

Զ֮˱ĿƬ̣ȻķԸװʲôƵأȵءס
գգվ۾ڸߣСС³ǣ
˵ʲôأ
ʲô˼𣿡
ΧֵľǶסˣ࿴˿ҶһãȻӣֻòԼͬضסˡ
˱۾Ӧһ󣬺ʲôɫϲ첽һҵ档
㣬ʲô
ղƹͶ̨ں棬Դɪɪ
ؿϰ壬ҸӦ죬ԶʮѹҴߣһҪҳֵı

ƹˣͨĽֱߵ꣬һЩıҲ㲻ϡ񡯱
ûҵĻô˵ͻȻˡ
ˣˣƹæָһ̨С㣬õıһԪĳΪѩܸɵı˺㣬Ҫ˺Ұ
۵
߷̨ѩһƹǰҲ
ǣǡƹæ룬ˣĹﻹһ󵶣Ϊ񵶣Ǵӻʹı
Ҳǣ
󵶿˿ֶҪ죬Զʮܸ֮ӦĴڣ㲻Ҫ٣ȻҵĳɾҪ㲻ˣ
Ҳǣ
ƹ񾪿ֵؿ˵ĳҧãһȥˣֻҪ㲻˺ңҸ㣬̨аһֻīĻޣ⣬ҵ֮ˣ
ޣ
һʱ䣬㻹ƭңȻҲֻͨİԪҪ죬ҲǻԪжεӦñȻԪжθǿ
С㣬ңûˣƹŵ˿ӡ
ʶ̧٣ԼҺˣ
ڵһȦȻƷ̨֣صؼһԭЦ㾹ȻõĽ
㣬˵
ƹϳˣߵİֽʧС㣬һŲƨֽͿĨ˼ʰ


036 ֮
㼸ʣ˿ŵĻ˫֣ϹĹۣǾǧ̫ʰⲻʶӹ̣ˣ̣ˣ͸ˣ
ǧꡭ
̫ʣ
죬ѵƭӣ𲻻ľ
˳ȥƹҲӵɻ˳ŷ͵

λС㣬ڰٱիɱˣӲСŰɣ
ٱիĸѾڵſڶסˣݵͷӣŰԪжεаɫâɫ԰
˵ȻԳ
ޣ㿴ǽԪڣ͸ҶצˣʱǺԪԪڣҲǰ׶䰡
ˣˣ
˭Ѿʧȥ꣬һֻܷӳʵŮأ
Ҫʹ򣬺αţȡ
ߣֶ˵ҿҲʲôͷܣ
곤ŭһְ·һʮ׸ߵӣˣ˺棬һͷýĲӥ˫ץ˵ʺ
Ծʽȭʽ֮һӥצ
˵Գˡ
ӥצһѾʱˣƾҵĹ۲ҳʮ
ҳΣץסЩҰޣֻǸûķˣ
Щĵսˡ
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֣Χ۵İٱիͻȻʧЦ
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ӣӣַ֪ӣֵܾʰˣαؾλϣ
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ԪҲɫط˾裬ѹ߸ŤͷȥԭֻǸҳֵɵѾͷԼûҪСˣһֻ־ʰ
һƬﳰС
Դ˸ˮ˽ȥ
ɣ
ǲ֪ƶɮһɵЦƶɮˣ
һɽһսĳ棬㳡СĹӰ֩ըˣٱիֻܺõô֣ûйӰ֩أ
ӷԸ汣Ⱥ۵ɵñ
ţϵĳȻֹ
ͻȻ䰵ˡ
ƴ˷۹Ͽգ֮ƾշֳɰţҲֳ˵ףֱע˰˵֮ڣ
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ϣ͵ըѣһ˲䣬˵׹˷Բʮ֮ڵһ
⻹ֻǸոտʼ
ģǡ
ͣͣ
ֻ׹ÿӴһڶ׹⣬׹ԽԽ࣬׹⹥ķΧҲԽԽԽԽ󡭡¡¡¡޴ĺУϵĵ̿ʼεǿʼֻʱӣܵĶ˽̿ٱի֣Ӳը˷棡
Χ۵ľ˿ɵˣ
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죡
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ƺѾԤϵҡҡͷȻкܶҴľˣǿ˿˵˫֣ŵþֱÿһ·죬ҪǻóڶǿɾҪֻʣˣ
˫УįԶˡ

ƹŷ棬Ҳ׹ĳĺö٣æһϣûж
Ȼ
һƽϢ֮ƹڷɵɵؿǰһС


Ϲ˹ۣҾȻƭӣ
죬ƭӣǸṩĴ󱦿⣬ү
ˣүﻹһأ
ٱիţʲôƺˣϰϣƹͻȻŷĻǴ

һƹ񼱵ͨ죬Ϊ˴ˮץ
ƹ
ƹǰ廨󣬹һľϣһãȻطأ
ƹ㣬ץʲôûﰡװʲô֪ӣ
ѽ˭ǰѲүģ
ƹ˦ָ˻ƣָɰһϵЦݣϣүҸղðʧˣû˵⣬⡭
᣿ɣأظҿ𣿡
ߣߣ
ƹ뵽һʱЦЦүҸղϹۣⲻˣǺǣȻװ
ҵһɵ
үͱװͿˣƹָָķ棬ٱիӣ𣿡
ղŵıըҵģ
⵼һУ˰ٱիļһװһȫ޹أƶɮ治׵ӡ


037 ϺеĹ
ٺ٣ƶɮװɵ
ոմݻٱի֣Ҫʱϣƶɮģٱիõ裬ƶɮж˿ˣ
ԣԲܳϣƶɮģ˵˭أ
С۾һת⡭
ƹ˵˵Ĳ˼
һãȻؿʼˡ
ĲףƹԲţҵĴүͱװͿˣղһ˾ŴݻٱիĴְ
ҵ
ͣɴ۾һĴ޹Ȼ͵һĶͷ
ѽˣ֮һᣡ
װȻӣƹҪ˵Һ֮Ĺϵʵô¡ʱҴͷ˵
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̾˿Ҫ˵ҺĹ£Ҫǰ˵ˡ
ǰϣڸүˡ֪Ŷ㿴磬ͺ˵ˡү֮Ļ䣬ʹЩ˽ص뿪ңҸû˵ĵطӡɾߵŵʱһԵϺУ
һԼױ֮ӣƹҲ֪ҸɵǺУҴСͶԺкøУһϺйֿģҾ͸һӡ½ôţϺһó֮һ۸ʱ͸ߺţǸˣҪ±أ
ҵʱҲɥأ͸Ϻ·
ҿóϺҲǸˣҵ֪ʧȥ֮󣬾ңȻûˣɻһİԪ֮Ըƶɮļӣѧз
˵⣬ƹЦңҵʱ뷨ͦģ룬ǵϺУҪǸ֣䵽ԵҪĵز𣿷ͦϺеģҿϺһӣҲû˼ܾ͵ʦˡ
Сˣʦ֮ʦ˼˵ѧϰõīˮﻻʮ׵īˮ
㶼֪ˣ˵ʵһƨֽƵģҲʲôʦˣҲҲǣҾͱһԵ̬ƭҪŲƨֽƭīˮ
յؾϹƹҶԲղţģʵƭ
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㲻ˣҵɴݻ˰ٱիĵͷ
ɱˣ˵ͬĵҲû
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⡭Ϊʦ˵ң˵ġ
ףˣԸⱻ˴
ƹЦһһ˵ʦǿʦһʳڵʦǸ׬Ǯ԰ˣǺǣȻʦԸ棬ԸҴ𣿡
Ҳ̫ðɣʦǸˡ
װΪѵӣ˺ܳʱ䡣
ֻҪҰѻҿԷָһɵ󣡡ƹæ˳룡
һɣ
۾ˡ
֣ɵñ
ƶɮɾǴ˵еϺаָϺУָƶɮһɣٺ٣ƶɮǵɣ
ƹô˵ˣһѻֻǣһиرҪ󡭡
ѹſϲ飬װΪѵӦ֪ҵĴǹ顭
ģҾԲ֪ʦ֪ǵףƹ¶һ˿԰ɫǰٱիı֤ҲǴԻҵı֤
ãҾûĻ˵ˣɽ
ϲ̵
ԼһߣЦ֣Եȣȥʦ
ææƹһСǵĽ׿ɻûأү㲻ǻʣһˣǼǮһ㣿
֣ŵùٱի
Цûд򿪰ƹ۾һİʾ΢ЦǿɣЩ䶯үҪǣ
ﻹбɣ
ְ˽ŵش򿪰һ
ɣ
ˣˣƶɮ׬ˣ


038 ɵĵһΣ1
һԼ飬ƾԼͿԵٱիĲֿȡʮ׵İԪīˮǹӦеļ۸
ɾԼ棬һһƱһ̽ɫ
֣ǣ
ƱץʵҵͷԸһӶֵǮ
Ҽ˵ƹЦүҲʲôܸ㽻ĶҲֻЩˣҪиҪ飬κһҰٱիĵ̣ҵˡ֣ҼһһֵҪ󣡡
ǣӿˡ
ԣ޼
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ˣ
˵ƶɮҲǮˣһӸôأ
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߳棬һСӻ˳ղſɼˣң׼˾ȥأ
ƲһЦûָʲôͻⲻǳ𣿺ٺ٣Ҳˣ׬һƱأ
˵ţóƱ˻Ρ
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ɰ͵ģһɾˡ
˿ĭͻȻֹŴƤүɶҲ˵ˣˣұҲǵùүһᣬ˰үһӵķ㱣֤Ժҳϵ߹ˣĹ
ۣϹ֣ģҲóʵжһҶ˼ʮˣ
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үȥīˮأõӣ˵Ͼˡ
ôʲô
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⼸ľɲǧӡٴο磬һ츳ѵˡ˵츳ֻǼѣֱ꺱ˣɵ֮أٴһ֣ɫľҫˣ
ˣ
˻ر֣տлԸûɵūţǵ𾴵ʦ
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ûʲô
ЦҳҪҽ֪ʶ
˵ģҶ˼ˡ˵˼С۾ɵı˭
Ǿǣʲô
ɺˣҾ͸ϵһΣΪ߱еʣҲǰ۲
۲֣Ͳ˰ɣٺ٣ҵĹ۲ͦõģֱӽ书ʽˡ
æ˵󻰣Ϲ۲ܺã㣬͸ղɱ˵Ѿͷмرĵط
һǵʲôرģã
Ĵ𰸣ͻȻЦ
˵𣿡
ش
سˮƽ˵ԼĹ۲ŲţղѾͷĵˣѾһٴΡΪߣڹ۲Χһֻڲ֮أ
ͷҸ۲죿
ѾͷһЩĹ۲췽
ƽ˵ȴˣ
۲һ֣һţ䣬һ룬Ѿͷʲôǲһõףû⣬ж˿ڣÿһ˿ڣʲôԭγɵģ
ð亹û۲쵽һ㡣
ûпЦҸ㣬Ѿͷܹжʮߴ˿ڣʮǻ˺һҲ˿ڣУжʮ˿ڣ總֪ζʲô𣿡
˿ڼ硭
һѾͷ书ȱݣ磬Ѩ
˵Ĺ۲ֻҪ۲쵽λһֵۣܿѨ
ɣ
ֻȫë׶չˡ
ǰС˵˵ʲôһ۾ֵܿǴû˵ô죬Ǹƶɮˣ
·֪ԷѨһǧѧ飬Ȼֲ


039 ɵĵһΣ2
֣˵˷ܵش
ɵЦ˳۲֮Ҫֵ̬ʣԵʱ̬ϸһ룬Ѿͷڳ֮ǰʲôӣ
û˵𰸣㹻˼ռ䡣
һ롭
Ļ䣬ʱǡѾͷ֪Լܻ뿪ˣҵ衭ɣ˵Ѿͷܶ棬ɱǳḻ
أĵͷصԪڳ֮󣡡
Ԫڳ֮һһ˿·ȥץѾͷʺ
С۾һˣԪڳצ֮ѾͷûжܣԹԵطҵ˵Ѿͷǳţ֮ǰԪһ򲻵
룬Ѿͷ˵ʲô׷ʡ
˼·һЩϰ˼صͷ
֪ôɴЦҿ㣬õıʷѾǧˡ
ɣ
üɫ裬֪ˣѾͷǧıʷϳһķʱ䣬˵ǳ˽⣬Ǵʦģ
ܺãɴЦЩ֮㻹뵽ʲô
һ뵽ȻѾͷϤҪǸ򣬾Ͳʹ·ʽȻҾͻᱻһۿ㣬֪ôģ
֮ܽԸѾͷһ֣ͱһз·򵥵һֱѨ

ЦӺˣ˵Ĺ۲۲쵽㹻Ϣôֵ㣬ԼսȫˡʵսУһУնɱ֣ȫ˷
氡
˷ܵ˵ˣ
۲쵽λ֪Է㣬ҵ򵥵İ취ɱ֡
ԭ۲ôҪ
ѹָھ֮ǰҪŶԷϺóһʱأԭڷӹ۲
ʦȻǣУ
һһһ
ʱСһԷʱɾͿҪˣ
ʱˣδ̾˿͵ˣ׼Ʒ֮ʱңҸϵڶΣ
ʦߺãؾϹ
ˣʧ֮ǰɺȻЦЦҸղ˵ģֻǳĹ۲췽֪ҵĹ۲Ѿͷһ𣿡
ʲôۣæ׷ʡ
һѧʦκλƽ
ɷЦĻ˵Ѿͷʵû̵֮ʱ׬һƱĺûᣡÿ̵ֻܽһӣв㣬Ҫб£ͽѾͷߣѧʦƽָټҵһ֮㶨սʤ٣
ʦ
һʣС۾ˣҪ
ˣ
ƶɮѾͷԼҪڳּ棬彣أ
ǡ
ԼһûԼ飬ûеˣȥѾˣȥͽѾͷ񲻳˴ɵϣ
Ѿͷ϶ԼɵĿ϶
ɣƶɮֿһˣһѾͷǸأ
ȵȣ
ǡ
Ҫ̸֣ȻԶ߹һһŮ
еĴһѩɫƤ£һͷɢԺԵ÷ţȴβƽĶۣƶɮС۰˲ӿ˧ˣ³ǣҲһӡ
ߵŮһȣ˾Ǹ۵С
Ůʮ꣬һͷڷ͸ŵĽɫһ˫ȻҲǵĽɫһվ޵ò̶ŮԵĹʣ
⢣ҵļ̳ˣһ
ɣ
ıӶˣ
⢣㾹ڹ컯֮£һ˧ҵĹ֣ﻹƶɮδ
ԣԣ
侲ƶɮǺͿˣ⢵δǾƶɮƶɮҪֵΪŮͳ˻Ĵ֪ܲһָôд
Ŷԣ⢣Ը˭֣͸˭ȥˣƶɮɾûδ޵Ĵأ
ƶɮôʹˣ
ȻѾṫˣǲ֪Ϊʲôĵظ˺桭
С㣬ٱի죬Ƿһսʱȥ
һȰ˵˼ԭǴȥٱիֵġ
ΪһսٱիȤȥϧˣһЦ
С㣬҆£һ԰㲻ռڵΧţ˵󻰣ռҵҲڵģǺǣСˣ
չӣΪǾ͸Ӧȥٱիһˣ⢵Цƺûʧ
Ϊʲôһһ
ΪҵӦٱի˾ǧ̫
Ȼһ̾ȻŤͷź΢΢һЦ˵ô
ɣ
ĺëһˣ
ƶɮǰԪ϶Σӵнڣ֮սƾʵƶɮҪһˣ³мܷƶɮ
⹫⢸ʮüףһ죬һڼǧ˵ƶɮڡ
Ѿͷʵǿ
ϣС㣬þò
װ·żӣЦشȥ֪ٱիСɾʴˡˣ˵̫ʲôеǡ
ұ죡
ٱի̫һɫѾˣʱ·ϻﻹ̵ȥ
С㣬ٱիĳ̫һæ
ȥһ֪ˣ΢΢һЦ
ãȥһüͷ۸ں㡭ЦﰭˣʲôʲôȥɣүٴһΣûУ
ٴһΣ
СǰŹ


040 ռ
зС۾롭
ȥԪڵʱ򣬾˼䶬ʻһʱڰ⢣̴˶ʻӽ
ԭǳ˼ˣƶɮһͶԲ߳Ƥˣ
ѽⲻռҴүүæʲôҵδ޹𣿡װſһӣЦеơ
СҴǲǣһˡδޡһȻŭˣҼסˣСĻԼܿҪȡˣҽйСδޣͶȣ
ȡԼô֪أԴЦһ
㲻֪ûϵҽ֪֪
˵ţһĴָָüģ
ûǸСһ̲סˣ
С۾̳Ȥ
øղɴڵĹ۲ˣһֲʵǰһֵĴĴָָƶɮҪָеķ򡭡
ƶɮӦأ
ԣңҪƶɮһſȼǿ֣ƵʧأͬʱһֱӺըţһУƶɮС࣬һû˵ĳ˹֣
ѧ˹۲֮ƶɮս˼·Ҳޱ
ˣ
˵ƶɮУ۲γ̵ʱѧǮźأ
սڼȻˣ
λ⢺ȻüͷλǴҹӣڴ϶Ź¶ҵ𣿡
С˵ǣˣүƽˣ
һεЦЦ˿Υ⢵˼
㣬ӣ΢΢һЦҺһʮ˲˽ŲǲҺչӹ𣿡ӻĻᣬ΢Ц͸һ䵭ǣӵǸˣϾһһδ޵֣ȷʵԡˣһȥٱիһ䣬ô

֣˵ŵǸĻȴüû֮һս
ֱڹǰսȻ϶д鷳ģ
Ϊʲôָо
ˣΪ⢵ʣǣǡ
ԣһڻ˾ĶǣҲľ綾ƶɮҪǸ⣬ͻڲ䶾Ϣ
⹫⢺Σգ
֣ҶǮС㣬Ů֣Ǻ۵Ŷ
ٺһЦӹ⢴ѹнѳҲҺշɶˣӻֵҿҲӶҵļǮɣһ£
˵꣬˫ԺЦߵˣ
ף
ıӰ⢵ĵɫ˫һ˿Ĺâ
С㣬ôˣһæͷѯʡ
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⢼ӿ˲ֻԼȤ٣ܵӢţ·ľʮ꣬ǰվҲϱ¶ʵһҷϵȴҵѹ£̩Ȼؾܾ뿪ȫˡֵܣأ
һ·˰ٱի档
ﱻϮ𣿡
زкĴ֣һʧ
⢺֪˰ٱի٣û̫ȵӣһָǰЦչӣųӦһ£ǲǳֹ̫
СԵȣ
һз۾ӦһɫԽˣȻҹ޷ȷǲ̫Ǵ˺Χٵٱի֮ˣԪжεʵҸ֮£
˵ţɫС㣬³ǳһѷҸ׵֣ұ뾡߼ˡһˣ
æߣкϷأ
⢵Ŀһʱƽ̨ϣչӣ㿴ǰٱիıƹ񡭡
λ·ˣкҪߴŶ
ƹվ̨ϣЦекˡ
̶ûˣȻЦ
ˣٱիһ֣æ׷ɱ֣Цʲô
ҿһǷˣӪѪһ͸ٵˣңҲ÷谡
Ǻ۷׷ס
ǲǾҷˣƹЦû裡ǵģǰٱիһݻˣʧ˼ʮǡǰٱիʲôģ»бǰٱի׬ǮôҼסǰٱիѣҲǰٱիĿʼ
⣿ԽĲˣ
⣬⣡ƹָűط棬ǿһ棬ֻҪǻһ۹⣬һежôǿɣҸǣǰٱիһţԺܻи࣡
죡ƹ˼
ˣƹЦҰҴһϢ֮󣬴Χ䣬ٱիڴ俪ʼ֮ǰ˭ܳ߼ۣͿԵõţһ˲ݻһֵĳǿ
˼һ⣡
ȺеĹЦЦʵչӣôºٱիҪˣռңȴռҸǿ
ºô
һһЦС㣬ºǹҲҪⳡߣ³ǾȻ˱ռһҪǿڣռңⳡһɫˣ


041 ҪĽ񱣨1
΢΢һЦһķӳԤ֮С
˵½ҪɣǧڣڣռҾڵΧڵ֧£ǿ³Ǹ⣬ǰٱիı̣ҲϺһϳ̡
³ǳ˱ռһҪǿⲻռҵľͷλǹϵǵľҪռҵĲ·
ռҲǰٱիһŹǸṩĸ֣

⢺һ֮ʱ˳֡
һ·顯ֱģ
һѧʦκλƽ
־ȻѾͷ֮ߵۣ氡ɿһǧϹˣܱΪѧʦǿʲôز
ѾͷǺԪڣԪڣ
ɣ
һƶɮ˵Ǵ˵Ĵˡ
ţȻᵽһɴ̱ǵѪζ
﷢սˣ
ü߽֡
һҵĻǰ
£һ߸ߵĻѩ¹ҫԵþӨ͸ɾǰԶһյϣѩѪȾˣİѩ͹ȵѪһ𣬶һƬɫıӡ
һֵľڱԱߣ˫Ŀ֮䱻һ̴ˣѪ
ָȥ·˾ʬ壬߰ʮмû˸ɫͫӣʳʬ塭
һƬѪ
˻˻
ˣȻ洫Źֵ˻æԾһô
ֵֻһֱֻ۴ϸ׶೤۾̾ѩϣƽԴһ෢͹֮ǰѶţ
۾ȻľС˺ܶ࣬һ˫Ұɫ³ȻҲǴĿĲҰɫ˫֮䣬һβƵļ̡
ߣ
˳ⶫǰԪ¶εĶߣȻǿ󣬿³ǵĽһɱƽޣȻĸҪأ
϶̨֮ǿʼˣ
վڶ߶棬ֳֻûгʵĳضߵӡ
ⳡ棬ӣӣϵϢ
ɣƶɮȻѾͷͶߵĶԾ
ֲ˵ѾͷʦƶɮͶһʦʲôز
ƶɮǰԪ϶Σ¶εĶ߻ԷƶɮĴڣ
ˡ
ڸ̾Լʵ˲߶أ
ߣԪ¶ΣóͻȻϮͶعһбľУʱͷϵľ綾̡
пߵϣȻɬҡͷ
һĶߣ㶼Ҫ۲ôʱ䣬ޣȻˣ
Ҫ㻹յʮ֮һǰٷ֮һʵһиɵ߰
ϧ
㰢Ѿʧȥֻ꣬ʣһƷʵ߻Ҫһѽ
˻˻
ͻȻ֮䣬߷Ĳɣ̷һĹͷǰ죬ŷļϣҰɫĶҺ˵˫ۣ
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˻һϼ˾񣬶סϮĶҺ
սҲγˡ
ޣĵȼȶߵһӾ꣬ȶߺϺܶ࣬ôṦʱ䣬ϵ߽ƣ֮ʱʤ
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԰߿ǰԪڣܽٶǿʮģѾͷѡƴṦ
ǡ
͵뵽һܣѾͷṦʽ̫ˣֵٶȼӿʮҲ׷ٶȣ
¶ˣ
һֶҺʧ֮󣬶ߵͷͻȻٰڶͷӰȻõͷĵҺ˵Դ
֣٣
һȣǽżһһ֣ĵҺ֮˹ȥ
˻
ʧ֣߱׼ŭˣûͷӰĶҺԽԽ࣬ĵ˵ʮʮ
֮к˶Һưô꣡
ǾܼĶҺУֶ裬ٲ˵ɣżغϲ£ڰɫĻ紩ҵÿһƶǡĻķ϶жܹȥƾ裬ǵˮմ
΢ˣתҡҷ裬ѩ֮
ɣ
⻹ɱ𣿷Ѿͷڱۼص赸
׬ˣ׬ˣ
û˵ƾһԽṦѾͷ֪ʶ;򵥣
ҪܰѾͷƭ֣ѧʦƶɮһ󣬾ܸһݺݵĽѵ


042 ҪĽ񱣨2
С۾ų̰Ĺâ
˻˻
ʱ򣬶Һ۵ٶȽ˻ҲԵЩˡ
ʱˣ
һ˿ɵ̬
ޣѾҪˣټӰѾͿԻʤˣ
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֣٣ɵض˹ȥֻ㱾ô
˵ţͻȻνʣֻâһѪɫĽͿ˶ߵԴϡ
߿ǰԪڣӵǿʵѧԣ˲佫ԼļǿʮӲԼԴס˷Ľâ
ͨԣһЦƾ鼶һҲ뿳ҵԴҿǰԪڣһ
һ˲ˣ
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˵Ĵ۾һӵԲˣ
㣬㣬㾹ŪҰ޵·
ҿǼǰϴѽ
ⲻˡ
ѪŪףǰӢˬˣͻȻһֻߵСã۾С죬ŭıŭȣˡΪİ࣬ͷ㣬ͷ㣬Сݺݵسͷ㡭
ˣˣˣ
ҲˣƽĽ棬Ȼӳ˳ԽȼӾͰѶ߶⽴

ɵˣ
ɣ
ƶɮͿˣѾͷн񱣬ƶɮû뵽Ľ񱾹ȻصֵزȻΪŪ·ͽ봫˵еŮ״̬
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ʱ֮ǵģϴˢʱĸСʱ޻һսףƬ̵̣ԼС֣ϴɾһ£
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氡
ƶɮʲôƶɮµʱȻʲôöͬʮͭ˿ɫ¼͵͵ɫ̣ЩʱС󣬻ڵĲҰĿڵͩд塭ȵŮʩϤǣǣƶɮվһʵĴа
Ĵ棬һߵѪĳ桭
ϴˢˢϴˢˢ
޺ſֵСһһ£ǳشϴ£СÿϴһΣǰĶǶһ϶ȻͿŰ׻Ķ糺ɫ֡
氡
˵ƶɮô죿ȥЦشк˵ˣŮ߹ˣǹŪ㶯ѾͷԼԣ
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ƶɮƶɮֻǸˡ
ˣǳصһ£޲սʱ򣬻սϴʱûժ¹ϵİ֡

ʱ֮󣬶ףϴ·
룬ָӣһԣڸɾѩĬĬصȴ
ѾͷȻǸϣ
һˣڵƶɮ洫
Ȼͬ˵Ҳһ㾴壬½ŵˣˣ
ŮþòŶ
Ǳ֣涵һȦ侲ص֡
ôˣöߣ߿һߵʬ塣
ұһ岿Ϯˣ޲ûн̫࣬ؿɫôˣٵһ죬ɫ԰ףô
±ӣû£ײǽˣ˵Ѫ


043 ʦܲ
ЦһҲЦ
ȻĹҲûһİˣֶ㣬ԺҸǷ
һԼ洫һĨ⣬첽뿪֡
Ű޵ıӰȻֵֹġ
Ѿͷһأ
ڳ֮ʹɱ֣һҲšϴˢˢֵϴ·
ɣ
ǾѰɣ
㿴ʲôأ
߳ȥԶȻñâڱתһɵ㶵ؿıӰ
ϣŮķӦ죡
æ˼Це׷ҲûʲôǾú֣ﱻһϮͲ֪Ϊʲôľۼأû޳ûģ
֪ԭ򣿡޺ͣ˽Ų
ǴŶЦش˴ָʾޣƶɮ˵ɵøۣ
˵ˣûȤ֪飡Ƴתˡ
㻹ߣ
ٺ٣ƶɮѾ׼ƭѧʦˣҪˣƶɮǺˣ
㿪Цô˵ҲսܾѸˣ
Ҳܰû˼̵̾˿³̨˴ݻˣ
̨٣޵ĽŲ͵ͣԳЦЦٶ˲ӣٿЦˣȻֻһƷʵ֪ʶֹ
㲻ţ
ҸһʶЦ̨һǧǰԱ֮ʱ깤֮գ̨أԼעʮ˸ԯӴԺ̨̨䣬ݻ̨ͱóʤʵǵ֮˭˵Լʤ𣬴ǧŵһ񽫣
˵ģûܴݻ̨Ƶġ
з۾ͷ̵ܸҽһ£Ϊʲôҳ³𣿡
ͻȻӿ٣³һֳֳһɱģһܱأһݻ̨쫷ǧѩսʿԪǿ߶ס˵Ĳһҹ֮䣬̨ˣ
һĨɫԾ쳣Ĵͬʱս״̬Ϊ̨ˣ
ΪأЦ
֮Ȼܴݻꡭ޵ͷɣ﷢࣬һ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ٺ٣ˣЦض˰ߣǾͿһδɣŲ̊٣ʱңƾڵĴ˵ͻᱻ޳ԵŶ
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ЦĸⷢŮ㿴³Ҳеṩܶһ㿼һ£ҵѧʦô
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С۾Ļ쵰޿Źأ
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ޣ챻˾һΣ͵Ǻˣɵͽ̫̫ɵˣ
ǺˣǸѧ֪ʶҪ£׶ѽ
Ů㲻ٿһˣһҰ߿ǺΣŶŲæ׷Ц
ѣߡ
ҵļ벻Դأ̾˿óɱﵣðɣҲȰˣԵסҵܿ԰ɣҽҵĵճӡ
÷ϻˣĴţ
˽ң֪ʧȥ𣿡۾ˡ
Ȼ֪Ͻ·Щͷˡ
ææȻ֪ʧȥ꣬Ҿ㿴һЩˡ
˵ţһɲֽǧʣЦеؿڵ죬֮˱ֽ˱д̫飬ͣ
һգ۵Ĺ
ɲֳֽ˰ţǧд˰˸Եƥķţһ׷ˣ
죡
𾪵Ըӣ
ޣ㿴õĻԪȻС۰˲Ļ쵰ģ
Ȼʵ
⻹ȵģ쵰ʧȥ꣬ǣղ
죡
ʧȥ֮󣬻ٴӵ𣡣
ޣϣһضһˣ
𣿡ְ͸ޣҪҪٱһΣ
ˣȻᣬѾûе
֪ζʲô𣿡ЦĸӿˣŮҲʧȥĵùɣǲÿ϶جΣšһȥѹ˵㣬ʶ׼ȷٴӵУҾǻӣ
ڣһҵ¼𣿡
еıޣЦŮֻҪҵѧʦұ֤³ǵʳסУͬʱ洫㣬ӵһ꣬ʺģɽġ꣡


044 ƻ1
ץסı޳Ĭˡ
Ϊʦޣ֮أû洫ܻһ½ꡭ
쵰
С۰˲Ĵ쵰Ϊʲô㣬а޸ôܾѽ
һһѾӦˣضһȥܰһ꣬ﶨǲһܣôԺҲκܣҲҵ飬ǲҪժ֣ͬ⣬ѧ㲻ͬ⡭
˵ˣͬ⣡
ЦؾϹóһһƱʦϣѧѧѡ
شôʹ죿㲻ǻˣ鷳ô
鷳ֳ︡ħУɱ߿ӷӡĳ棬Ц˵ʵһһʦλʦϵܣܸҴ鷳붼벻ġС۾ͻȻзˣҪʦֻʦңҲпһ٣ϴˢĳ谡
ٴγĬˡ
߰ɣһؼң
ܾ֮˵ӰʧããĴѩ֮С
Ϊ˽ʦھ͸ϵһΣ
ô죿Ҫ׼ʲô𣿡
һ˫־㹻ˣ
ŶŶŶʦ˵һʲôݣ
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Ϊܣɿͷûһ֮ʤ˼ʵɣƾʲô˳Ϊһħƾʲôɽɱ߰ǿߣ˵ʣ
ɽɱʣһĿɿڴ
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045 ƻ2
ȫɿؼס˵ÿһ֣
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ҳŰĻᣬٻ࣬ڰޱСĵģ㿴ˣ㻹𣿡
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046 ֮·
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047 Ԫ¶Σ
Ķһɲֳֽ˰Աǵλڵ棬һͷ
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⻪ϵɢɫͷȴɶԱɫɫĹâ֯أ֮һڰɫУ
ǹ⣬ľ桭ﶼ񶼱ˣֳһɲĹâע֮ڣ

ע룬ǱȽģ
ðԵ޵һ˿ǣ鷨󣬾ڶȡǿעߵⷽԵף̵ʱȼҲΣءԲٲ֮ڵﾫѪķ֮ˣԺƽɽ壬㣬ҳ𣿡

࣬ŷеӴ
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Ȼ㣬޷Ӵвͻᱻըʬ޴棡ΪҲƴ
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ſϵÿһëף̳ȻӰ壬Ƥͼⶼ챻˺ˣȻҽƵ룬Ѫܶ챻űˣҧҧһ𣬡
濴ȥѾѹûΣͷƤݣ͹߹ǴλؿҴ̳ͻƤ֣֫ÿһһѪ̫ǿˣֻŲѪеطӴ
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ˣ̬ĮָָһʯղŵƽˣȥһĽɣ
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֮ǰֻܽʯһ϶ڣһȭӳ;ӯһ࣬Ǳǿʮ
ߴһĴ졭
ֻȭ֮ĥ̴ʯѿһϸ΢ķ϶Ȼ϶ԽԽԽԽȻʯֳ飡
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С۰˲Ļ쵰׷ǹʵģѽ


048 
Ůʦʲôأ
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߰ɣ޳վԷ
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޽Ѫǰḧ·૵Сӣˣһûоϸ棬Ҳû뵽ɣ̴ǸϷӣƵ޵д˵Ӧ̤µңȻһңһܶ£ƴˣ
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к˰죬Ȳ޵ĻֻĹͷ뿪ˡ
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Ųӿ˿
氡ƶɮûۻɣ
Ժľɫڴðһ亹¶ˮ͸ˣ


049 ֢
Ժ޶ħϴһ
ֻΪģԲٲ֮ڣеľήľмͱѩ˻Һɫߵ߳Ҳӵ·һѶѵĸ⡭
ԺǽϣһҹµСëǿ°һ˼ң͵Ǿղŵֱ䣬ƽƽعǽϣһҵضһűĺֽ
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˵żˣЩС˵Ҳ̫ϾƶɮΨһˣҪҲˣƶɮ˭źȥ

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050 Ѫܵķ
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˳һõܣȥһ˱շɾǰ֮һ
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շɴӻȡһƣǶһѩ׵Ĵͷɫؿټ³壬ӣԼפ쿪ᣡϸһˣǾȥˣСԴ
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051 Σ
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һͷԣ벻һ㣡⢲ûֵ˼
ҲѽҷǵúúѵһѵϣСѾߺݺݵһһС㣬֮嶼ܣĻԼҲӦý˰ɣ
Ҫ׵˼ˣ˼
һ֮ǰʼڵűɽ·һѩûעС·
С㣬㿴ʲôأСѾߺ档
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䳾ңֹ³һѣѾΧҸľȥˣ³ǣûԮ


052 
ô˵ֻܿԼˣԶȻԵ
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䳾Ϊ³ǣΪԼļңҪǲϧһдۣޣ³ǣ
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հ֮ŭЦҲԽعˣЦ˵ҪٳԪڣǶհ֧֣֮հ֮ʹͣ׼˹ͲԸӣһ䲼ҵĵ
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һǽϹһɫСӣɫ¾ŵĹͲ͹Ŀã⣬ҸѾϣɱ޵սУɱһֻԪޣͰǧ;һɱԪޣ;˭ҪɱһֻԪޣشȺ㵱ͷΪϮ壬лҹ
ɱһֻԪޣͿԳΪҳϵĹôԶ۾ˡ
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053 ͻ
ߵֹߴ˲ιۣûʲôرĺ壬ɸʲôƶɮѪ־͹ڸ֮⣬һ⡮񡯹ȥˣڲιߵʱƶɮҲһιˣ
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ѪڣƶɮѪܵĶٸ𰡣
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ô
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УһҲЦòŵĸ֣ҿǻдϰ񣡡


054 ֮
Ȼˣνľ»飬ƶɮңһźõ壡
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ӵɻİ̥Ů뿪ɽׯɽׯһƬ֣һľСϿȡ
ʱڣϿȴһƬɱľؼ׵ɽʿڣŶƺͳжʮʿڸѲߣ㼣ÿһ䡣ϣȻֻҺɫͺգͨˡ
壡
һٲԶĵطһСʯͷʱϵһ˨ĺߣϿȡ
ֹҽأ
ɽʿǰǴżٽĺףƺͱҲмʮжͬýݵ࣬ʱûзһ춯
ǿʿһƷ飬ھֻһ֮ң
ɽʿˣ˶ʵǸ׿Ƶװ
ࡣ
ѹָױչضʱû˸ҺĴڣ
λ֣ҪףЦرȭ
չأκˣɽʿɫ䵭
˵ôƣơ˵˾λ֣æѵˣֻ׳ذæˣ
㻹أɽʿŭ㻹˵Ļ˼˵ôѾüˣٺһô


055 һս˵
ƶɮѾøˡ
ƣƶɮй
λ֣ɲ˵ģָָԼ̫Ѩʹ˺ܶ£˵Һ˵ģʲô֤𣿡
⻹Ҫ֤ݣ
ɽʿɫˣָıӴ³Ƕ֪°ǰҲݹһͷʹ˵һ飬ȥ֮ս㶼ʲô𣿡
ɽʿʾԽԽ࣬磬֮սƾ죬һβԸļЩüĿˡ
ʱ򣬰ƶɮԱ˵ȥ֮սƶɮ͸׷ֱ·͵Ϯ˵һӪأʱľСսȻ¸ˡ
¾ԮЩ
ѵⲻǶ׫ŶΣʵ
桭
һȥ죬ݣɽ֮С
ÿǶÿ
һֻǰľӣɽ͵͵ϢͻȻȺ
԰ףͷǶĺ飬·ʿ뿪ҲһˣҲȥ͵Ϯ˵Ӫأ
ٽ㸸׿ɻԮأ
ǰٽҪˣ㸸ô죿㸸𣿡
׵ܼȣû԰
ҲܣҲܣ
ڽʿǾ˷һ˼ʿײײܵˡ
ңңһӢۣôһث֣
ʿƿڴһкǣ׶ӶˣΪʲôҪðգƨ£
ʿǴͷɥسˡ
ʱ֮һƬϿȡ
սɱ죬һ֧боΧɱ֮Ƕ˼ǧʬ壬ѪȾݣ֫ϱ˴ء
Ԯû𣿡
Ÿȫĺɫףһһ˸ߵĵֳϥڵϡ촽ѾˣҧˣѪҺһҡҡλεؼҪˤˡ
ߣֻʣʿоˣ
£ǰĿЦүǲˣ
ܣңҲҵ׶ӣܿ׵𣡣
ȣûеĻش𣬵ͷۣİԴѾ֪ȥ
ս˱ô
ﶯҡˡ
ǲһϣϾ׶ӣܶ׵Ȱ
ֹȥ˰ʱѾȫûо֮С

֣ȻһѪҵĶӣҵ׶ӣȻȣؿ׵
ˣѣ
᳤˲ϣҪɱѳ
ϵףҵ߼
ͻȻ֮䣬һãӵսƺ֮дУ
ҵŮȣ˭
ȻҵŮҲɱ㣡ʿǣ·뿪
أǰľͻȻÿһ·ǧ˾һ롣
ΪʲôңΪҵŮãȻ޴롣
ʮǰҵǧᱮ֮ģ̤£ɱҵ
įƺڻյѡڷЦôҪˣҺսԪ£ս
Ԫڣս
ĴǿߣҲֻǺԪڣǶս𣡣
һȻûϿһս
ǡ뵽˵ݣ
ȥ󣬸Ļʵۣߣɵ۹Ӧ
Ц˸սˣҲǣʮ޵д˵ҸӦˣˣҵһжǵĲǹ̴ҸӦ࣡ΪжѪսɳȻڲǹҲ
Щֹͣ
ȻĴ˵֮ףӢ˭֣޵д˵Ӧ
ɱ㣬ҵĲǹ
ͻȻ֮䣬ؼһͬڸӦĺţᣬ̣Ѫܵɱ⣡
ˣӦЦ
ϸ棬һսҵ˺ܾãЦ
죡
Ĵ˵ɸ棬ȣףվȻ
һСС͵ϮսȻ˵
˺ӵ֮óǿṦ
˵ĶԾй¶һҲԴɽƽҰԼѹ⽴
ǣ
Ȼһ֧оѲѹһͷ꣬ǡ
ܲɣо²ҲѺˣ
ӦǹͷҶӣҲҵĺһʵûˣߺһϵļʮ˿ڱŷʹ˻ȥ
Ͳö˵ˣӦһսû֪ǵʤ˷ֱ˱ʮ󣬾Ӧͷţһӷ²ˡ
ɣ
ЩǶһʯͷ
ŷɫλ֣Ҷˣҽȥһףô
㻹ɽʿŭȡ
ұϿȻһսӲТ˴١ҲҪﰡ


056 Ҫ
֪ʲô𣿡
ɽʿȻˣҲûȥ˼ҧҧȵףТˣ
̺Ͽȣ
죬Ҫɽʿɫ䣬ס͡
˵仰𣿡ѡ
㶮ʲô𵴣ɻ֡

ɽʿûüͣɽͻȻһƺߣɳƣ̶ֲڵɰֽڻĦ
ˣˣˣ
ƺ֮ɽһĹ춯ʲôײƤ⣬ǹʱ

죬һƷϵʿϣ
ҪиôǱضɱ㣡
ɽʿݺݵصתɽȡ
һʱ䣬ɽʿһ̨ƵתһΧɽһһѨ࣬ʣµȫڶѨһϷɢһٵӿעɽ
ˡ
ƾصʲôزȻҪһٶ˸
֣ڲǼƽϹȥʱҲæңô󲽳嵽ɽ档
վס
ɽʿΧٸҴżˣͱǲˣ
ǣֻæ
⼸䣬Ǿһ˲䣬͸˷꿴ɽΣ˵ˡ

𣡣
Ȼɽʿıˣ˭ҪǱ˺Ҫֺ֮ǰ
ֻɽ棬ڲУɽͷվÿжץ˱˪ӦǱѩϵɣ̹ǣƵöڵĿ˺˪ͷ
һǿܿε⣬ϥǣӣ֫ÿһҪؽڶ˪̴ĺһעڣлڷ󺰣ɽʿӺ̵ģȥˣ˭֣ӰƤ
ŵ
һٸɽʿ֮Ǵӵϳһٵ˪Ͷĩ˵ļ̣ݺݵش̽ÿһؽڣ
ʦ˪ˣһٸɽʿһٵĺ˳һٸ˪ע
һٶһٶ̣嶼Ҫˣˣ
ۣۣۣ
֮ʱȻٴǹŹֵ죬һ
ֻһٶע֮彩Ӳһ£Ҳʮŧһ㣬͹ŵëл˳ǴЩŧ﷢ġ

ŧ֣ʱڻ˱˪ʮɽʿʧصУȥ
ڲҲ˶Ѩ
ڲҸ׵ʲôˣڲ
ȱʣæڲץһɽʿӣĩ㸸׵κһؽڶУ
ϥǣڲڿʼʲôԵУ⺮ܽκתΪ˪˺
ã
תĻԪ¶ޱر˳ǺӲذһȸסˡ
ղżʮɽʿ֣ûдﵽЧ
ҵǿţ
ڲĿתضû⵽ĵȼѾǻԪˣֶһУȫס㸸׵֣ɽʿҲæ
ʮٴ
˵Ŭ£ϵĻŧ㰲ͺƽ֡

ڲĨ˰亹һ㰾ˣҼֵ䣬ܻˣ
˵꣬ع
ڲ˵Ҹ׾ʲôˣҲ˿ȻԼʲôҲˣʱΣˡ
㺦ģ
ڲ̾˿һһЦȥ֮ս㱳üΧȻӳˣҲһˣ֪꣬ʲô̼Ѿʧһˣ
㿴ðĻ𣿡
ڲ㸸׵꣬ǻϵġؽðĻ棬ǡؽʧأȼ
ͷƤ飡
ѹҪһٶຮѹƻ棬ԭ׵඼ѾŻˣ
ðԵ꣬Ȼĥˡ
ȵȣ
ꣿ
ƶɮó
ڲǱֵ;뿪һвУҸ뿪ԡ
УƣѾݲһ˿ˣ
ڲЦʵҲңһʼƲûôأҿеָľȶ꣬Ҳ֪ôʲô취Ūáؽӿˡ
ƾеľ飬
氡򣬸˵ڳԣ֪ηӹҽˣ
ıȻһָ
Ҳá꾭ĻᣬĬĬصȵڣ˶ʼĿϢʱĵԡ

꣺ؽ
ڼϵ
һǿϵǿ٣ȡߵȼ
߳ؽȻӵС򡯣Բʮ֮ڣκȻɻ棬ضƲã
仯ɽΪ𼶡ذ߽Ϊ𼶡Ҳ˻Ϊ鼶䣡


057 꾭ڶأ1
ô
ո˫ۣغһ󲽣
ſһֻȫԡĺɫ룬з۾̬໹Ҫߴһࡣһ̧ۣצһŤͷ籡ĸ£ɽȶȼ֮ܵ
վڻ֮С
ķ࣬Ƥû˵˼
ϣϵҵķࣿͺ˵ˣ˵ˣ
Цش֣˵״ܲãܸ˵˵Сûı£ƾ࣬ǵһģҵҽƷѷǳŶ
ƣһЦûƣ
ѽͲҪ伲ҽˣͬĻצӣҶ׿ˣҪûôܡ
צÿ
ͻȻվһצƿĻ磬յ˫֡
֣塭౻󣬺Ȼסˡ
ӻϿ治вӣ
ϸ˿ϵĸؽڡ
ûȫûһ˺ۣ彡ٱĴ갡
û
üܸ˵һûΪʲôҪĥˡ
ΪʲôҪ㣿ϸҹ
Ե÷ǳ꣬͵شȻ޴ĻĲӺݺһڣûòģȥӳԴƤĹǣ
ãã侲һ£
æ㵽ɽ档
ǹˣûΪʲô˺أ
ֵǣƶɮҲˣɻûģ˵Ļᡭ
˵ƶɮô㰡
벻ӣ
ɳɫ
Ҳˣ㿴ָָ룬εԵһƶɮǷҲû취
ҺˣɺȻȥ
㣿գգС۾
ԸԵĵˣҪԵ
һЦǵĻȷǳ̡
ɽŻ빴˹ָڻŭͷҪûʱ򡭡
һץסһצӣһץסǰƬתѻ
䣡
תԽԽ죬ͻȻһˤݺ˵ϣ
ʲô˵ʲôûУɲŻԴŭȡ
һҪѣѾٴȭͷһȭݺĶϣߵѪӻ˳
㻰أûУ
ٴδȣ빣ŲӲ˵һȭͷ
䣬䣬䣡
һ߰ʮȭȭȭ˶ϣѪ߰ͷ­ˣ
ûУŭ˵ҳԼʧܣʲôϹޣӢꣿǸث֣ث֣գҲǳ裬һ裡
Ҳǳ裡ǣֻǡ
ɵ֮£ڿˣ
ֻʲôЦˣ
ֻǣֻǲİ
һڣֹסˡ챯Ƶ˳ĴҲģҲ˵ˣҾǸث֣ûãҾǸûõķﰡ
ôˣ˵ɸһЦ
ҲУ
۾ˣСشչ͵
ǰζ룬𼶵Ϲޡ
һڣȵͷ൱ڵľ磬ľǿ
ҪǻѧįĽ죬ǾǴ½޿ɱ
ƺ׻̬ˡ
һŵʱǺεȵǿ󣬺εȵķ⣿ȥ˽ĶǣҲһǿ߰
ɬ󣬾Ȼһ΢ꡭ꣬ˣҲ̣ǿ֮һȻһССԪڵ꣡ԪʲôҵһƬȲϰ
ԴӳΪܹ꣬սһٶʮߴΣǿĶ֣ҲǸԪڣҾȻʮ˴Σʮ˴ΰһԭҵСʮ˴Σ֪ʲôζ𣡣
棡ҲˣʵУϾҲǸӲӢۣҲܵĹʡ
ͻȻͷȥ꣬ȥμ֮ս֪սϿʲôҿ˵ǿĴ˵֮ףӦӦ꣬Ȼҵܹġ
ʲôҵ°ܽѣڣһǿˣͲҵͷϣ
ۿ˸Ӧĳ棬㿴УγЦ𣡣ңˮתҲн죡㵱ĺأ㵱İԵأ룬ǧֻǸԶңССڼ갡
뱯߿𣬡Ҳˣ̵ģǾȻˣһڼ꣬Ȼ𼶵սꡭʮս֮׵İ˫һûмһǿ갡
Ϊʲô
ͬϹޣΪʲôܽȴܣΪӢҲҪǿ꣬ǿ갡
ɬ̾˿˷̫ˣʣҲܳΪһꡭ
㷢ˣÿ춼ڱˣʡ
ͷûÿ춼֮尾Ҳ뺦ҾһȻңҲҲٱκڽˣҲٱЦˣ
Ҹףȥһǿ˰˵˾ǷĻȴʵ顣
ˣӣ㵱һʲôŭ
ͷѾȫ׻ġ顯ˡ
һ仰ĺʤ̫ǿˣ޷ԼСֻҪ㡣



058 꾭ڶأ2
ƶɮбû
Ծãһȶ꣬ǰӵ꣬ƶɮб°
ô˵ƶɮȫûа취ƻˣ
ԣ
Ȼһǳ飬Ե
һʱ䣬ƶɮ˵ȥʮ룬ɴ̼룬Ҳʮ롣뽲̬Ҳ˶ʮ롭
һӵķƣ͹ˣ
ƶɮķ࣬Ϊʲôûʧأ
ѵ
ƶɮġ꾭Ҳˣ
ϴξԪ֮ûжù꾭ʱȻ֪꾭ı仯
ѾһˣΪʲôһܿ㣿Ҳ鲻ԡ
һ롭
Źͷ˼ʣ꾭ʱ޿϶ӳˣҲˡ
ؼǣǿ֮ġ꾭ʲôӣܴʲôص
ͷƤʹµʱɨɮ񾭲Ҳûġ꾭ݡֻǵѾѧ˵ĵһԣǵڶأء氡ƶɮȻ벻ˣ
ɣ
ƶɮ
ݺݳһԼһͣƴ롭
ˣеӡˣ꾭أһǡ顯ڶصֽСڡ
ԣӡͽ䡭
ʦ񻹽͹ԣʾٺӾйء

ͷһ˵ǿģϡ꣬ǿǿ֮Ҳǿô
ԣģ
ٺ٣ˣˡһĵ̯СʽЦˣȫˣԣǰģ
֣ſ£һԣ͡
ʲôһͷˮ
Ȼ˵һܺ𣿡
䡣ͬʱ˫ƺ£ʮָԣʳָѹָ棬Ǵӡ
ҷ𣬽Ħᡭ
ֻֻ첲ķˣΰһ࣬Ժͷ­ֱֳֻۣ̽
ϣͷ˱ۣȻ뻹Ҫߴ
룬ҵ
꾭ķӵޣ˱۸߾٣˼һָͬ˻üġʱ˵ӷͷһȦ˻
һأˣͷϵĶҲһࡣƬͻԭͨĳɫı仯ر˵ɫɫֱ¯࣡
𣡡
ٴͬڳʱıߣҲͬڷŵϲãй
ʲôΪʲôҵըˣҪƲסˣ
ҵ棡
¯࣬ƣɫĻ棬ҵζӰӰ
УζǼһ𣬲һֱ𾳽ô
ζ𣡡
̲סͷϵɫ͵ӿɲǼȼɽȣȻգ˴أޱ޼ʵĻ棬ޱ޼ʵ
ңĽˣ֮󣬴ؿԼĻ棬˵ˡ
ңʲôȼͻȻɴ

꣺ذ
һǿϵǿ٣ȡߵȼ
𣬵ظ˼䷲𣬽Բ˺ߣ
ȻӵС򡯣Բʮ֮ڣκȻɻ棬ضƲã
仯ɽΪ˵ǧҲ˻Ϊڼؽ

䱨˻ĵȼ
ңѾ𼶵ˣļ⽩Ӳˣֱֱؿ֤
ɵ۹⣬м٣ߡ
ˣͷ­һµŤεؿ
֣㲻ҵʵֵ۹⣬ܻԼɣ˫ſӳɫ棬棬м𣿹ϲ֣
ҽˣĽˣ
Цޣ
ƶɮԹȻã
ҲٺٵЦ
붼ܽأ
֣
˷ܵĻ룬ߵһԣ㿴ܰˣ죬£÷໹ڣҲ
طˣЦЦ
Ϊʲô
ΪΪ
˵ĺϸһ룬ǰǵľޣȴ˵꣬һ硭ûбǰȫ֮꣬Ϊȫꡯڲȫ壬ġ꾭ֻܰΪȫ壬ҲǷӳǰȫ
ͷǵڶأ
ڶȫꡯҲѾǰȫѾûгɳռ꣡
ָָԼؿڣҾȫ꣡ȫ꣬ǿӸ֮ܰǽпܳǵ꣬ǣ
֮һ仰ֻڡȫꡯ棬ԡȫꡯûκκô
˵ǳ׶̾ˡ
ƶɮȱݵģֻȫܷ꣬ӳá
ֱǼ
Ʋֵصͷ
ˣļ򣬡Сӣ֪ɣȻĽЩƣ
һô͵̧ͷ
Լûиоô
ɴЦЩįһıɣҪһͬˡ


059 꾭ڶأ3
ɵ˼ǡ
Ťͷ屳ĶĵЦ˳ɣȻֺô
ֻıȻһССС۰˲棬ͷһǷĹЦֱһģһΨһͬģСЦݽӲͣҲûһɣһûǣ
ûпⶫǴ˵еġ⻯˵ڶǡȻ̾
֣̾ʲôڶⱾ𣿡档
˵ڶǧ𲻻ľ
ɿɬڶãһǸڶҲǶһˣӿɬĵڶãǿɵڶ꣬Ҳ˵Ҳ˵
յ˵ȥˡ
Ѿˣе֣˼ǡҿõڶɵڶ꣬ңҿӵеڶˣ
ĬȻͷתȥ
ɣ
˷ܵȦƵص֣ûƭҰɣ꣬ˣһܣһϢҪиģܳȥ׬Ǯٺ٣ˣˣƶɮ⿪ţ׬ǮͿ£һҡ
ˡ

˷ܵӣϢ̾˿
ӵеڶ꣬Ȼϲǡ
֮󣬾Ψһԣӵ˵ڶ꣬е꣬ꡭɻǱصʦ
Ѳ⣬˵ϣͻʦصĿڽһūŰ
ף
Թ԰ţȻһ仰
˵ʲô
ѽ˵֣ôˣɲǺϰߡЦ㣬ʦĸ¶ʲôط
ʲôɻЩʧ
žž
Լĵڶǣ⻹˵ҴӦ㣬ʦĸž۰ŵڶλþʦĸˣٺ٣Ӿƶɮž۰ɣƶɮûֿܷǣ
Ҫλø¶ƺû壬Ҫ¶ֻһͨˣɵܸ꣬κκô
ںػ֣ƶɮһΪȣ֣Ƚҵ鷳Ǿȥʦĸ꣡

ɵĺˣĬĬض촽Щ
һֻݹĸˣףĸףҴçȻϥ˷ħͷ­¶ллˣǷž۵ĵط
ľɽȣԾĻ棬һħᡭ
¡
Щ꾰ɫˡ
ԭǷʱѾˣյĴͷܿЦ˳
һ㣬ƶɮ׬˲أǡ꾭ڶ֮ƶɮķʱҲӳӣ
Ŷ
ƶɮԺͿѧ˫书ؼõʦ˫ʱָ
ˣ꾭ΪʲôͻȻأ
ƶɮûʲôµĺѽ˶ԿˣƶɮҲż͵ϴ裬˳ԣǽ꾭һΪƶɮ˻Ԫھ磡
ԭ꾭ǺȼҹģƶɮĵȼԽߣ꾭ҲԽǿ
ٺٺٺٺ١
뵽˷ܴ̲סһżЦԲԲĹͷСС۾ɵļЦȻмСɰ
Ƹƽ󺰴У뺦𣿡
ڲʵ硣
ϣԲסԲסˣŹͷڨڨһЦ
ߣ
һԵɽʿþѾƽˣǾ˵һ˵ǻû˵ĻǰҲܳȥΪ㣬ˣǾͲܷ뿪ˣ
һɽʿվҲҴżҪǻЩжѪԣ͸ߣȥû˵ĵطǵĶԹ
ȻˣɽʿҪƶɮ鷳أ
̲סٴЦ˳
ǣҪǼǰսƶɮΪΣҸǶ֣ڡ
ɶ˵ˣƸƶɮûϵ
ܣԴһᣬսѣӣ
㣡
ɽʿˣǿ˿ȻӻﶪƱث֣Ӹ㣬ߣ첻ϵһȣǾͶԲƣԲɽʿţ
ѽ
С۾ˣ˳־ͰƱ
ƱǾɣɽʿվʮЦΧס
ʱ
ɽô
ɽﴫһеĲ£ˣ


060 ǲ˵

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061 裬Ǹ
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062 ûв
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063 
ΪΣɫһ
ΪҺĳ˶ԼЦشˣ̳֮λҪҪһ֮һִĳ˵Ķӣ̳˵λãʵʵظó죬ɵϵ˵ô˵飬ҵȭͷΪʲôҪƤأ
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065 սˮ
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޽һѻѩʬߵͷϣʱһͷʬ߳˹㲻ǲסˮ̬𣿿ңʬߣҸʾһΡ
˵ţʾˡ
æƿع۲졭
Ҫʼѧϰˣ
νսˮһܵ죬ֻǷ磬ˮһˮ
޽ڱ󣬰˫ȻؿСɽƵʬǰһҲֻһ㣬ܾĹ۲֣ѰҶֵ㣬Ȼȷѡ񣡡
衫
ʬһͷļǴ˰ޡ
ڶ˹ֻһ紵紵ˮ𣬷ˮĲжжӦжĿǱܿ˵ķâĵ˵ͬʱԼǿһɱС
ţǰ޵ĳͻȻ֣ţһģ
ȻԾ˶ʬߵϿգ
ֻ죬һ
ڰдȣ֮Ťתͷ££˽һͬһľ޽
ۡ
Ѫʬţͷأ
ôսƮƮѪȾ
š˰ɣ
ڨڨһЦһ¼򣬡ʦһ°ɣ
˵ţһѩһͷʬߡ
¡¡
ʬ߽Ų¡¡ŴصʮӰ
ˮһ̶ˮ
Ĭ޵Ľ̵ǿԼ侲أľˣˣĳȻٿʬߡ


066 ƶɮܺ۸ô
˱òһˣ
ⲻ˵ʬߵα仯ˣֻ˵УʬߵӴˣ෴ӴԵϴ
ɴڵĹ۲̿˳ʬߵţͷ׵չңļţβҲ׵չסʬߵжʮ׳
Ҳ˵ȥ׵ţͷΧȥţβ׷ͷʬߵļϣʮ׵Ŀյ޷չ˲ĵط
ʮ׵ļʬߵѨ
紵ˮӦ
ȷ˵˵ѨĬڶ仰ʱʬѾͷţǴɱ
ֱ߲߲ܿһȻ߸ԾʬߵϿա
Ԫڣʮǿ
һȭӳ
ǰɣ
ʬߵļϣӴʱԵһ̯⣡
һУɱԪڣ̺˶ٵľؾֻԼ
ɣ˷ܵش𣬡ʦĶ𣿡
ܺãѾˡսˮ̬νսˮʵһ֡ԲӦ䡯սʽ㾲ģץס˵ܸһõҵĻ˵ͽˮ䲻£
Բ£
ƶɮղžɱУսԾƽ͵̬ҳʬߵ
ɵĹ۲ټϰ޵սˮƶɮս˼·ޱȣֵЧҲԶʤǰ
ʵô
ǺǣνսԼѰҵ˵һϷѣ
Ȼʮ㣬ҲȻһ䣬˼ֵָѡ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
Ȼ˷ˣ
հ֮˵ɱһֻԪޣǧӣƶɮͰ޸ɵֻ׬һ
ٺ٣ˣˡ
һ˲䣬Ѳˣֻʣü۵ļЦС۾̰â
ҪͣҪ޵ľ˴ȥ֤ݡ
ذףҪʬߣȡˣ
ǡ
ĸλôأ
ʦþˡ
̰ޣϱ͡
ͳѾͷĽ񱲡϶ѪܵĽʰ
ˣԼɣ
üضһذʬߵƤ⡭
ʮӺŪѪȣ·ҲѪˣǻûҵ˵ڡ
ףѾȡʤˣ
˹ҲѾͷʬߣǵսɽһ棬սʱȫעȻû
ţսҾأͷʡ
ֻ˵һ仰룬仰˹˵ĶУͱһ˼սŶҲ˵ŮʮӲŽսǵٶȲ࣬ǵսҲӦúǲ࡭
ߣǰԪ϶ΣȻǼԪ¶ͬһʱսֻ˵Ϊңûзӳȫĵȼ
Ǹҷϡ
ţ͸˼֣Ҿ˵ӣҲмֿЦ
ǣ˸ôҰʵҲˣʵ
˵λö֪
ʤһЦţ
γĴ󵶣ʬߵʺλһۣѪУһŵɫľ˳
ôʬߵľˣʺ磡ʤץסˡ
ϣллЦ֣죬ҿⱲӻû޾أ
磬ã߰ɣ
ʤкͬתߣ
֣ȰѾ˻ңʬ߿ɱģ￩һ¡
ʲôɱģ
ʤƳ˭ʬ߾˭ɱģ
Ա߿һЦСһǸԣסԺɱޣҪڵһʱȡˡ
ɣ
Ҫƶɮľˣ
С۾зˡ
λôҲ̫ǿͬһ֧սӵսѣǰ棬סȥ·
ҷϣҲǵսѣ
˹Цûѹŵ˰ɣҲڣ
ҼţսӣѾܶˣԺսƷͱҪˣչҷϵˣ
ҵӺܺ۸ôԼЦ
Ȼվһһ˹ۣҲУǽҷϣҿ̣ƲңҲں˵ǣǲöҵĲ·СⱲûȺã᲻ӡ
˵꣬ʤ͹Ȼӱס
ž
һ죬ʣµĹݺһͣ
ҷϣҽѵˣָıӣݺݵǻĽҰ⣬Ǿɱ㣬Ҳ˵޿УһϵûУôɱ㣡
УĴγױãǹҳģǵģǵģ͵óۣԺʵʵźǣϴˮСҪǲ˳ˣߺߡ
ǰɣ
ŹŤļ򣬷Ĺ죡
ϣŮ˵ġЦȴŹˣͷлңǻĽҰ⣬ɱˣҲóе


067 һַʽ

˳ǶɱģҪˣæ
ʦôˣԴ۾ЦԽԽŨˣԽЦԽݣ
ûǰȵ֣
Ѿͷ
˸뷴ͻȻɴӺ˸Ȼŵ̷ſ
ɱ˲ͷأǽٲҲͰˣαˣ
ЦߣͬǸ߸·һºټǻŵĻ
ڰ޵ѹ£˾ȻûҷǿʦСѧһ
ʦʹ뿪ǿ˿޵ļᶨʼ磬λˣһºټûƶɮǣǿޣɱޱŶ
ߣҷϣǸȫ˶ס޵ѹֻҷ߷ߵ
ƲƲ죬뿪
ŮΪʲôҷŹǣԶ
аհһлɱ𣿡Ȼ壬ʵ
һɱԪڡ
㣬ȻдΧɱ󣬿һ˲串ǹˣǶԸԪڣƱطɢ治һһɱǣ
ûգҹ۲ǵ书͹ʤ˵ǱضӲɱ󣬿ǹóٶȣֻҪһ֮ûɱضߣԪڣɱѵȥ
ɣʲô˵ģ˵
ã㲻ȥհ֮ɱѣãǣʵأʵҲ£
̾˿ĿǴ٣սʤ֮ǰʵ֪ĵϸˣһܳ䲻⣬ʤ㰡
١
һ뵽֣ҧҧ
˵

βͬǻĽҰ⣬ûг˼ɣƶɮûҪģ
гرʹ죡
Ȼƶɮ׬ǮῪĵġ
ʦ˵ĲһѵǵķʽûɣЦ
ʽһ㶡
ٺһЦȾѪ£һЩҶƤϣԼһͷңòҰˡ
롭뷨ҡͷѽˣֻҪֽŸɾȥɣ˽裬ҲǸøһЩѵˣ
˵˵ЦԽŹˡ
ԼᵽԪ¶Σ˹˸Ǳ
һأǴա
Ļ٣֧ڻտҰζʱǿˡ
治Ӧ÷ȻͲԼˣ
˲ûзֻԪ̸졣
ǰҲˣҧһ⣬ʵߵŮ˺һ񣬾ҲҶˣ
Ůˣһһͷײ
ʤŭ壬ڲףŮԸʶ䣬ҷһʲôزޣҲưˣ
λ磬ǺˣЦҪǲǣھź򣬶ǡҲһɫůˣ
˵ˣĻҪǷڴϡ
ڴͻȻںӻڹɳơ
ʲôˣ䱸ؿ
·ˣ
Ŵɤ˵ЦЦֳ˵Ŀ⣬˼ڣкŸʲôһ԰㣬ӵֵܣ˵˷ڴ֮㻹
Ȼ
ԼڿҰͻȻðҰˣسԼʳ
ҰƵģ
뵽Сغ˼ЦѣҲǶˣǾԣǺǣǹҵĳϣأҽΣҰ˵ʵ·˵ǳСġ
ѣ԰
ֵںڵĴ֣ԼһкȻҪѣǾһ԰ɣ
ãһԣһԣŵس˿⡣
һԾǰʱִ٣Ȼʳζȫںһץ⣬һֱž̳ӣأأԹ˷ݵʳ
Աˣ
˸ãȻץϵһӣתߣλлˣͷ
ߵĴӣװŹ˵
ѣдģǶ˰ɣɫҰ˵ʵóȻ֣ⲻı٣
ǵĶ𣿡߾˫֣һԼװûа϶ԼĶ
Ĵ˭ģŭȡ
˵ӣƲƲ죬Ȼҵˣ


068 
⢵ɫˣѣҪǹΪˣ˵һ飬ǹҵĳϣ³ǣңǵĶǸһ·
ʼ磬ûǣߵԽԽˡ
˻࿴˿͵͵Ľ
磬ǲˣô죿ս𣿡
·ҲҪսˣҵϱ٣⻰ҪǴȥǻ𣿡
Ըɣô򣿡
ܺҹ棬ãٶȿ죬ڱ͵ϮһɱܸĻᣡ
һգ۵Ĺ˾ȷսһ֣ʾսʼ
ɲǼ䣬͹ʤ嵽ǰһ˳ֵһȭҪʹ
Ͷˣһûأ
źҡҡͷٶĹ͹ʤͻȻתԪڣʮǿٶȣ磬һѿס͵ϮĹĲӣ
ǰɣ
ĲӿҪŤˣȫûϧ飬һץʣµĿ⣬һֿסʺڵϣŹǰÿһϵͼһݡ
ˣײһôϣббعϣҪ¿ѪƾǯһѪȫɤ
ѣ飡
һ棬þͱܣæͣԶԶذ
죡
Ұ˾˭һסҲǻԪڣһ־ͶԸٶã˵ǵصǳ˽⣬бҲ簡
ǵǿ
˵ʲôһֿסһֵ⣬û幫Ļ
ѣ˵飡˿ĭл˵Ҫʲô룬Ƕ㣬ֻҪǵӡ
ҪʲôУѽǺˡɣģһһģ
˵ͷȭͷôİֻӣԼһСڣЦʲôⰡǲ𣿡
ã⣬⣡ֵܸæץĿ⣬ҧ˼ڡ
λŮʿҲ԰͵˹ߡ
嶼չϣӱҪˣﻹг飿
㲻ԣãι㣡
޶ԣƬ촽֮䣬ţݺҳһȭѪ⣬ݣһͬҽ˹
أҽУͲ˴С̲ȭͷôĿ⣬ֻҽȥһ룬һѪܵعߡ
ѽЩˣԲȥˣˣ
⣬Źͣ䣬䣬䣬һʮȭȫǰԪڵ
ݶˣļӲǴ̣һѴӣҴ̣ͷƤöǴӣͻ˳
óôȻЦеʹ
ڳһ㡭

㲻Ǹƶɮô
ãƶɮ㣬ȫ㣡
۸ƶɮƶɮ͸ʮٱر㣡
סˣС۾Ǽǳģʱ򣬴ĺģ
úݶҰˡ
ѣˣһɣع
ҷŹƲƲ죬û⣬ǡҪʾһЩ⡯
˵˵
ֵܽ⿪򿪣ǰõĸʬ߾ˡ
ţ⻹͹ɣЦеطԸ
˻࿴ۣԼͬصͷž
ֻҪСӣ̳֣Ȼع
ţ۾ﲻһ˿Ĺâ
â۵ףĻġ
ѣӣԺٲҲ鷳һһң͵ǰ
һֿŹһȥþˡ
ʱ
ͻȻˣֻĿڣ
ԼŶ
ȡ˵һͻȻ䣬䣬ֱ˹˵ļϡ
ǰɣǰɣ
Ĺۣڹ˷ɵȥİ·һ£ûзϵǵֱۣҲҪǾһأֻսˡ
ٺ٣˭ǰץƶɮļţ
˸ǷˣϵöˣЦﳤȥλлԺлᣬǼŶ
ѣ

Ұ˾˭̫ˣֱ˰
һ沿ãֱ۹ۣſѩɪɪ֪ǶģǺµġ
á
ǺȻʶһӲпʵһˣսֻʣң˵ӦøϿص³ǡǾɽǿֻȥЦСǴ
ȥǼִо
յĴɽžֻԼԾ̾Ϣ
׸ô죿ǵ˵仰ܻش󺰡


069 ɽ
ǡʤ˰죬̾˿ˣǻǻ³Ǻˣ
ܡȥ
ͷ˿ڽҩǿڵȥˣǣ޷
ã𼱣˵֪˼ޣʤ۵ؿӣֿ˿ԼŤֱۣڵ״̬൱һͷԪޣҲû취ɾ
ǰ̫ΣˣҲ̾˿
磬磬Ǹð𣿡룬ɫžʹ
бİ취ȡ
ε·ͼ
ûȤߵľµͼɽĵһ࣬ڴɽ˼ʹյĵط
ָһʹݵǵ״̬ҪɾͲΧɱμˣȻֻҪδսǾҪٴ˿ֹѪҩȻˣǲð룬ȥһͷԪޣֻҪһðգǾõ㹻ľа취ȥˣ
Ԫʤйӣֻ˵İԪڣһֻԪ޶򲻹ʲôԿԪް
ˣֻҪ׼Ԫ޵㣬ʲôܵģ
Եʮ㣬λֳ»Ͽ˵ɽϵԪͷѪߣЫоǡޣ
ޣ
һ磬ֵܵԺӣ㲻롭
ҾֻޣصЦЦȻǿ󣬵ֻĺǣʵԶԶ壬̫ŷҷЩĹٺ٣һ䣬ݴ½֮ϣĹʲô
ǵĻƽѪ
Ĩ˰ǣ¹ҫ£ѪоȻ͸żɫʮƽѪ壬ǹΪףȻˣǵĻƽѪûʧȻĻƽѪͳǵĻƽѪĿǣ
ƽѪȷʵܸɵޣһǼҵĻƽѪͳعΣաʤЩɡ
ûƽѪԿޣǻбİ취ôȡ
ȥˣ˿ܵá
ȥˣʤ˾ģ
˵ʲôأ
ƽѪƽ塭ⶼʲô˼
һͷ
ɹؽѵ˹֮ûԶڸĴ͵һҹ
սѣҵĳϣǷǳƶɮҪȷûϳƶɮ
һ󣬹û͸¶ҪϢĵ˶ɽ
ߵˣƶɮûŪ׻ƽѪ˼أ
źĴͷȻ
氡Ǳȥ빫ҵˣƶɮиҪأ
ԼԼ֪ƶɮûʲô̫ëһ̫̰ˣһǱʱ̫ˣ
޿ɾͶڸĴϣƶɮ˵ӣƶɮץ˰ѹǴ̣˹ܽٶ˵Ѫ᲻ƶɮ²õӡ
ٺ٣Ůʦҵ鶼ˣ޲£ڨڨһЦͷ㷲
ţ޵ķӦƽĿԶһɽȻ빫ҵ˷ֿˣͿʼǵҰѵɣ֮ǰ
ŮͲ˵ģ
СؿŰ޵񣬡磬ҸղŶԸ˵ֶΣǲе㡭
˵ѽ޻ȻͷֶεȷЩ⡭
ˣˣ޹Ȼˣ
Թر۾
Ůʦ϶ѵƶɮֶ̫˰ɣ
⣬ǻݣһ仰סˡ
ݣ͵
ǵģ̫ˣӹֵһ̿ʼǾĵˣΪʲôҪŵ˻뿪ѵǣпй¶㶾ѣͬ۵ܣпܴ鷳֮һ仰ԵʴȣǶԼ̣Σյĵˣɱڣ
оļһ̬Ȼˣ㻹ûмѪȳ棬ģⲻǴëԺˡ
˵꣬ԶĴɽ
ȫȫľˡ
ɱڣѾͷȻԱɵƶɮˣҲ²ȥְֶ
ѾͷǰʲôְҵģǸɱְɣ

ţڵ꼤ƺлҪ˵
֣ҲڳԾ޵ĺôԡ
ַѾǳˣĿ֮Ҳ͵͵ɽˡ
ʲôóԾģѾͷһҲݣ㣬̫ˣ
ɼһ浹ְ֧ޣס޸ղŵĻŹˣ͵ɱһתˣ˵ˣ㣬ȥǰɽϸһĵΣ
ɽ⣿һ㶡
ûпЦмֹ죬ĺˣɽӦþǷˮеľǱԨ֣鱦Ѩ


070 ˮ
ˮ鱦ѨֲƭӰɣ
ָȫɵ˵νˮô˵ô˵Ľƭеʱ򣬾ðˮʿƭǮ
˾ݴ½͸ŷˮˣǧݣǿΪûʵˮٺʲôã
㲻ŷˮ֮˵ɿĲм
Ҳǲе㣬ٺ٣е㿴ⶫʵʵ˵ǰҲӴˮʦȫ˵ϹƭǮҪĻɫ
ûмķˮ֣
˵꣬ŭشұĹˣסһ仰һߵĳɾͣһ츳ڷܣ֣ȫڷˮˣھݴ½㣬;ܺԷˮӰ죡
Ц㲻ҵĻȥҸķˮ֣ȥһүү⹫أҸҵԴģеһһǧ겻ķˮѨ棬ȻҲ˫ǧ겻ľţ
ҺٵݣˮйأŨŨɡ
㻹ţ̾˿ٲţȥһҵʷˡɽһս¶ΪʲôΪʲôʧȥޣɬΪײ˵ʱǿķˮʦ󺺹ʦˣºӣ
һ֮ЦŽͣǧΪ˵ǽֽ֮УӳǿһãǷˮרӰãȦתطǣ
ٴ̾ϢɽһսºӾŤתɽ򣬱ƵҴ粽Уòͬھ
зˮӰ죡
ȻᵽˮһԵؽʵۣ첻ѷκһ𼶵ս꣬Ϊʲô˵ԼǿսꣿΪʲôĳԼ˫εΪеϵ궼һԡ·ˮͬķˮֻ֣·һ
ɣô˵Щؿڣƶɮûˮ֣ôĶ֪ˣ
Ҳڸô
ɻָǹЦݣһҪ㣬ˮȻĿǣֻҪõõܰΪıңָɽɽǾһΣ֮ΪǱԨߣ֮磬֮Ŧڣضӯ㽫鷨󷢻ӵµľѱأ
ֵ˼ǡɽ飬ܻñƽʱС۾ˡ
ǾǱ֣ٶȣ߱ࡣ
ˣ֣ȥôȲ
ͲҪˣһָʵеİޣעɽһλʦҲͨˮ㹻ָˣ
ŶŶŶ˵ôһֱŴɽأ
Ͳסջɸǣߵʱһ䣬֣˵ˮܰﵽңٶȣܰʲô
ôкܶ࣬Ҫ˵ġ
ɻ󣬡ĺôûۼҴ˵ܽˮϣ۸пգշҡҡͷǺǣ˵̫Ʈˣˣȷʵܺͷˮһ𣬶֮󡭡
˵ţصЦЦ
ͱθˣۡ
ɴЦˮ꣬ͷҲ䣬ܽںϣͻᵮһȫµꡭʼ꣡
껹ںϣ˴
ƶɮ˽⻹̫ǳˡ
ɢȥ࣬صʵ޻ڳŴɽ٩˼
ϣŮʦ㿴ʲôأЦ֪ʡ
ڿɽüûпɽ
ɽǾǱԨ֣ľѱأ°ͣһĸĪ⡣
㿴ˣ㶮÷ˮ޹Ȼˡ
˳ԾССĵ⣬ǰ޽ЦЦãҶԷˮ˽Ĳ࣬ͲǰŪˡѵã˵ǱԨ֣

Цݽסˡ
ô˵ˣ
޵Ĵ۾һգһգ޲Ҹطȥ֮󣬰ޡꡯһЦ޻˵ˣðˣѽС˼һֻ۾ܿף֣ҽأ
ظں档
¡¡¡
һνӴˮأˮȵصɴ۾
鱦ѨһССأһˮ¡ʱڣˮûнɢصܣٲֱ£ҽˮغûз̫춯
ˮԻ۵ݣССأȻһɴⰻȻľɫ


071 Ѩ֮
ȻǾǱԨ
ָ̾ˮе֮˵оһˮͨɽˮԴж˶㿴ˮԴǡһ㣬ղڵ£Ѩ㣬ɽȵص㣡
˵ţڵϻ˺ܶͼעɵ֧Ȼɿؼ
Ǳãɶ֧ƽﻹ߶ŹŹֵļھŹֵؿ̧ͷ΢΢һЦѧҵӣҶԷˮ˽ⲻ࣬Ǹ֣ü㣬һ˫۾ܼжϾڵλã
˵̵ͷ㡭
Сʱ֮󣬰ءꡯѵЬӣȹǣ̤ˮˮصĶǡ
޳˫ţ𪾧Өĺˣӿˡ
ǰƬڿһ˫žѪǿ޵İƤ̲ס͵ľǷۺĶǶǰֵ㡭
ƶɮȥˣȥҪˣ
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أҲ˴ʯͷϣ۾Ƭ̣ûʲôرĸӦ
ҵУˮѧУһѨַĳֶΣѨеͷųΪã
޷ʵھܵѨ׼ôһѨҪ̾飬Ȼй¶ⱦҲǷˡ
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īʯǰԪˮ̶ī壬ȥˮ֣ȡ侫ɣССһ飬ĥʮīˮ
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鷨Ҳһ֣֣һ鷨ң
죬֮УϢΨǴӡ
пīˮֳǧʣֵʳָָһɲָֻֽһ꣬ɲֳֽһʮţʮֽλ飡ĻٶҲ˺ܶ࣬ǰ˱ʮ
ৣৣৣ
žҵƿʮǧʶȻʮͼ֮ϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ޱ۾򱱷΢΢ϹȻ߾֣ʳָָ
һ¹ָγɣתָ˶ΧĿҲƮƮתǿʯͷϿա
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ȣָ˴ʯͷϡ
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ڰ޵ĵ£ʯͷϷɫâܵľٲҲıˮǺһľŰȻڣ˴ʯͷϵİ޺
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խпռ䣬һӾۼ̫˺һеĦȫתĽ
óӯ鱦Ѩ߱ЩɣΣҲ߱Ҫð߱ѹҲһܡ
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촽С۾ĹâȻȻƴû¹
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һУ͸о˲ͬϴξ飬ֻѹȴ˽ɱĥĹһĥϵرѹ飬˶Ҫң
濴ȥȫƤŤˣӿͷϮˮͬһСӣһµи壬·ˣƤпˣⱻʶˣѪҪӿϱΧ飬һźɫ
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ͬϴξ飬޽ץסĴ֣ͳһɫĺҲǿһӦһɫů
һһףһůһ˲ֲ˵ƣ
˿ھдޣʦҵѾסˣʼô
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ģ
͵۾ͣϵÿһëҲͨ
˳Щ׵Χһ˿˿עڣͲסһԪ¶ӿ˳˵ɫ
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ֻΪģԲһٶʮ֮ڣľݣˮ鶼ǱեˣοݻƸѣһȦض˸ɺԵɳĮɳĵطԽԽ࣬תҲԽԽػߡ
ǣɫرˣһرлɫɫ
䣡
ɫȶɫ֮ʱϴΣĺڹͰ޵İâںһ𣬴ٳһâɵС̫ը˿ʱ˴еĽɱо˳
һйƽ
ҽˣϲؿԼ˫֣ɫâڶĿɵҲܿȼһΣ


072 زƬ1
ԪжΣ
ſȻ͸ŷľϲǱԨȻ߱ߵԪжΣҲ˰ԪжΣ̾˿һΪҪһ£Ҳٴν벻졭
οŰޣʶŤͷڰ޵۽ǿһĨ峺⡣
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ԣƶɮôܿ޵᣿Ҫ֪ÿ춼ɴֻܿɴ񣬺޵Ц⣬ȫı仯
תһĲӽӲˣѾ뵽ࡪղŵľ鷨һƤ⣬Ҳ·Ƥ޸ˣ·
ɣ
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ת
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ܾԺʶγһ˼ЩڣΪʲôûð޿Լĺ󱳣ԼӦù嵽ǰһز
ȻԺΣڵޱͷʹˡ
ڶ峿ӴԣŪ˼Ƥ£·⡣
˵ǣŮһƤϵѪʱæ·Ȼû顣
˴ŸɾƤٴʱ㿴ңҿ㣬ԼͬһͷԲȻʱ̫߹ңͷβĴ졣
ǶѾ£ʵϡ˭֪أ

һͻƻԪжΣʵҲʵʵһ㣬ûмڵڶξ飬Ͼµȹ̣óȻ飬ǾͲˡ
Ĵ£ϰַϵӹ÷ɿ졣
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վٲ棬ϵƤȹǧʣɲֽƾٲϳˢҧ֧š
죬ʮֽ
ٲѹɲֽһΣֽŷֳʮ
̫飬ʮдǬ飡
ʮͬʱдģֻһţӭԽԽ󣬷֮һС򳡴Сס˷ֱµٲ

һȣʮһȥÿһ֣̱ǰһںϣͬٲ׳ʮʱ֮Ѿٲѹٲ
ⳡ棬ٲһ洹µӣڽӻϾ
ʮȫ֮ٲѾסǿˣɽϣɽһ࣬ͬƾʧһ
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ѧǬ񽵣
ٺ٣ƾжĲӬһʦ˵𣿡
ЦߣȺۡ
ʲôĲӬˣ޵ۣܿصͷľѾòˣԪжεľҲѾȹ̣һξ飬ܳԪ϶ˣ
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꣡
Ҫ˵ͻȻһŴϣСˣǹҵˣ
æҲЩȣƶɮȼȰ޸Ƿֵ˵ٶȴ˺ܶ࣬˵޿϶ĳֳʶ֮ط
ĹȻǹˣ󣬰²ѾȬǰĹ͹ʤûôˣǵֱϻű·һȳһգȻǱ˺ܵ˺ص˺
˲ȥԪô֪ǳɹûУûõԪ޵ľˡ
ţС۾Ծ˵ĿڴǹĹҵģװ˶
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073 زƬ2
ںܿģ㡣
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˸˵ǣǰɱ˼ʮֻĴμޣЩ޵ľȻڹĿڴˡ
һֻޣʮֻԪޣʮ飬ЩܻʹͣζЦѣ
磬ǵƻҪҪϢλֳǣеʵ
ϢҲá
Ϣƥϵı̫ˣʤҪ£ס·³ǲ·̣˳УǾͰȫˣ̲סЦͳǿڴľˣֻҪƽصұضΪϮ壬˵ҲҪˣ
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һƥɫĿɽⲻһƥȼŲҰɫĻ棬һ˫ҲǻڣûͫףŲҰɫĻ򡭡
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ͷƤҪըˣȻǺԪڵޣԪڰмԪ֣µǣ޵ıţǱѱѱһͷԪʿʵǿʲôز
ȫ޵ıֻһȫڼףͷɫֵĺʿվɽۣ˻ʿץŪëֵһѪɫĴ󽣣ⴹڵϣѪһ·һ߼ʵѪɫ
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ѣǹҵĳϣƽʿԽԽǿѹЦЦҪ˵ЩֺõĻȷԷͼǺʿô˹ع·ߵʱһ
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Ǵսģʿش߶սڹ档ûκζĶǹţȻģͷһ˫Ѿڻˣ¶˰ɭɭĽŹǣ

Ҿ徵ĺУǰһôʿҲһСϪʿҲϪˮΪʲôԩ޳ΪʲôҪɱңûʶشУۿԼĹͷѾˣ
һ֮󣬺ʿͻȻͣ׺ĺڶ˫ۣȤͷҡ
ԭǡĴʿ
ɣֲʿ˭϶ҿʲôͷƤ飬ðһ亹
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뵽׷˫ŸõĹЦŮҿԾŶҪ˵һ˵ȥ£㾿õʲô
ȻǺöѽϥѾûˣ̱ڵϣЦԴûѾƤͷ⣬ڻаЦݣȻ͸һ˿˿Ĺ죡
Һʵ˵ʲôõģץס˹죬ɻЩͷˡ
˺ööأ̫ǣһǣǣǡָͷͷڴǡ
ʣ̾˿ˣ޵ľ񹥻ˣ
ԭǸӣȻĴͷĿڴ淭


074 زƬ3
ڴĶ治٣һӵͨ޾ˣʮżֵǧİԪˣڿڴ£ҵһɭ׵ͷǣһŵɫԪˡ
ɣ˾ȻɱԪޣûЩƱˣԪȻֵǣһʿʵһźԪı̬ǿߣһͨԪ
Ͽ϶иֵǮĶ
ڴĶȫڵϣһطңڣһѵıУҵһ鲻۵ĺɫʯͷ
Ӧþⶫˣ߸߾ʯͷʯͷֻһӤȭͷСزβ룬һʯͷըѺγɵСƬôһضǵʯͷһǿƥĺʿ
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⡭ϸؿ˿ҡͷһͨʯͷ
԰޵֪ʶʯͷ°룬ðоʯͷĹٻ֣࣬ʶʯͷ֪Ǻʿ𣿡
ʯͷӦǴ˵еġɰٴɵļʶȻȰ޸һഫɰٴʯϵĺʯɣкˮٱ޳ص㡣ʯͷǶκһľˣף߽Ļϣ
룬һ䣬ʯͷǳеһС飬ʮƽĸ߼ۡȻǸʱۣڣ϶󣡡
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ɵгɻ󣬾̾ǿǳǿ꣬û취̽ǿȣɽǿ˵ʿǰƥУ
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Ȼձ״һЦĴЦǰʲôʵܸɵʵĻʿѷɣһҲǸľǿߣǡ½ϲѾûгֹǿΪʲôͻȻðһ
Ҫǣʶƶɮƶɮʲô࡭
Ц
ɱ
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ʵ˵ԼζԼԼأоڤڤһŴʼſˡ

ŶԺʿɻص³ǣʱ䣬Ұε˶ʮ죬Ҳûسǽˡ
ʮһȹ֮̽һ֣Ҳõʮ޾ˣټϴӹϵõ죬ţԼ־ڰϡ
Ȼ̰˹ԪˡȻôףԪˣǺʿ϶һȻ󲨣ƶɮɲҪɱԪ޵ĹͣҲۏ̶ˮ
³Ƕš
ɱжѾΪ˰ȫشԪڸչ̷ڳź̯ͼ۴ʣµԵú֡
䳾ڳǰһʱ֧񣬽ųĴ·
ճ̣·ӣΪ³ǵԣѾ칦ơ
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һۣûһŪʵ˵ٽԵ˶ޣйС𣿡
ҵȻ繫СˡһڣֻǫһµһͻȻɫһ䡣
̫ˣ仰ʵһ壡Ӧ̫ˣѾȻصͷŶ㻹繫С㡭˵ٽһ·ϣСûչɣ๫СֱָһıӴŮ˶磬ҪŮ˱˵氡
㣡һɫ࣡
ˣԾˣþ˵ģͣ䳾ͷصһۣٽţ
˽⣬Ҳ;ɽһΣԺƲҲ
ŵһĴӣһ˽һˣȫǰҴеĳɾͣʮֻ飬ֻԪڣصСҽɼɰɣóҸľˣǹͣĳЩҷҪòսã
ԣ䳾صͷ
үòľˣ
һĻ̾˿˹Ϳڴ಻٣ʮ߿鼶ˣЦеطһʮ鼶Աߡ
һһЦʮֻ飿ߣԭֻս飬ȥɱԪڡ
찡Ϊʲôÿ˶ϲƶɮأҲŵشУٽɿˣһûأ
˵ţóĿŰԪˣǷһİԪԱߣǡöһ
ֻɱֻԪڣһȲץ𾧺˿˿ûǰԪˣɱֻԪڣ


075 ¼
ٽղ˵ˣֻҪóľˣǹŶһĳԱɫЦĸӿˡ
ڴʵóľˡ
һԱѾ㹻ˣóľˡԭܼ򵥣ƶɮʵǰԪ϶ΣóֻԪˣ˵ľȡҪó࣬ĳЩ˾ͻỳƶɮʵܶδ֪鷳ˡ
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ڵҹ£߸ϵĺʿǸľڽĳݣ


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ĴˣҺҵ˱֮ڵÿһأڵõҪĶ
ԪڣԳΪһĳѪ߱΢صͷ˺ʿĽ£һ죬³һ麣ɰٴʯѪǰ麣ɰٴĸɸɾȺʿļ顣
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ЫȥϷѰˣǺܲңҽӵϢѾһȺɱˣҲʧˡѪСؽͣޣӦõõҪĶҵ˿ɽºѰѶˡ
ûõĶʿ૵һ䡣
Ѫ߸æͷǣǣΪ庡ǣȻΧֱǶ޵棬̽Ե̧ͷȥһޣ
ʿĬСƬ̣Ȼޣ۶ȥ
ĴˣѪŴˣΪԼʲôŭֲ׵ĺʿ
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һڸĵһ·˻Ȼɫ䣡
Ǻ޵ĳѨԶһɽһɽ·Ǻʿʲôһ֮⣬ĬƬ̣͸ӦѾ֪ɱǵ࣬࣬һСʯͷ
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뵽⣬Զεѣŵתܡ
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СҪ˺ʿܻŻ𣿡һί֮󣬹˾ͺҷֿˣ죬ڻ·ǣʱ͹ʤѾԴװµӣڵϣ˷裬ߵĿڴҲˣʲôûУϴһ
˵꣬װȻӣƺһѵҲ˺ʿ
⻰޺ݺݵذһС۾Ļ쵰Ѷô
һû죡ûȷʵ˺ʿ˹оˣǻô˵Ȼ䳾̰̿򣬱ʺʿݣ
һ׻ѻ˵ʱ򣬹Ѿʿϴٹˣһû˻ỳͺʿйأҲû뵽ʵһӾˡ󲿷ֶ̰ˣ
˵ȻǱʿ˵ġ
䳾Ȼû뵽ʿйأ룬޵ĸ֣ⲻǿԴˡԲԣóһöͻΧȥ£³ǳһƥеǿߣжѣɳ֣֧Ԯ³ǣ
ŵԲȥ
˻࿴˿Ҳͷɥ˳š
ͻȻðĺʿһƣѹѹͷû֪ܴʲôû˭ֿܵһǿߡ
ѹֵУϵĹԶͻȻȹؿһȻкŮ⢶лҪ˵
ףô⵽˸׵ɫ
ֹ⣿ԶЦţղ˵˺ֻܶ࣬ģΪȴ˸࣬Ȥ


077 Դ
ԸŮ˵ʲôأ
Զһһشı﷢ëĸо︸Ů϶ƶɮҲʲô飡
ҲȥѯʣֻøŴص³ǡ
ڽŵʱ򣬹︸Ů̸⢼Ҵҵ뿪ˣߣԹؿһүԺӻأ
˵ţ۾һĨŹֵĽɫĪ⣬ԶһĨЦŮʧ̬ˣ
ӣΪ˷ǿĺʿ䳾Աһˣ彡ģȫڳǽѲߣͬʱ³Žգκ˽ȻЩǡ²˶ܿ䳾Ǹʿ
źԪʵĺʿƾܴݻ³ǰ
ѹǵĽУȴ൱󣬰죬ͰһѲߵ֣ϣ͵͵ϰַȻˣ˵ģ̰޾ˣζЦѵļ۸
뵱ȡӢһ仰
⼸죬³ǵĺðĹ棬ǱһС֮ʱһĴӾͻЦذǻӭȥȻһӵľˣһǩԪˣԪˣʮԪˣ۸̸
ͳͳˣ۸񣬱СĽ͸߳ɵӲŻ򣡿Ǵ˹˵ˣĲǾˣǹλǿҪʮһŵĻԪˣܻһλŶȻҪбɱڼˣͿԲǵ⡭
ǮǺöȨǺöĳûбɱ޵ĳӽһŻԪˣȻ˳ܵ䳾ǰ˵⾧ԼðɱģȻǹذ¸ǵо
˶ۺˣľһҹ֮ǿԪ޾ˣҲʮĸ߼ߣ
Ȼžͣ䳾Ҳ鲻ͷˣȥ֪ˣĻˣԼƭλģ֪ǶСͱһѻյˣĴҲӰˡ
ӷҷȱ
µĺԺżϣһӵƱЦС۾зһĻߡ
ûˣ󷢹ѲƵ˾ǸƭȻǰˣǵľˣȻǴӹ̰ġ
һƱЦеܹȥʮſžˣϼǮߵԪޣ֮ھ׬λֵۣ
ԭ׬Ǯôף
Щ׻ӣôźأ
ʹ˼
ү󼸿ŰԪˣʮƱƨƨߵ˹˺һƱӹֿͣڵ˵ʱṵۣ̂ҲСˡȻ԰̰۵֪о仰ô˵ţñأܵø˼ҵȣֻҪ̫֣һֻۣһֻۣȨû
̯һˣζЦѣ
ʮС۾һգɣһƱĲ
Ʊϵλ֣һڿˮֵӶĲᶯˣϣҵĴү⡭ٺ٣ٺ١ɵЦز˵ˡ
иͬֶһƱҼǵҰɣȥԼԺ㲻ūˣרҵĹܼң
үڱˣĴȣŵغ޵үǰĸⱲӸһأĹαĿţֱ飬ҪӻеµһЩЬ׳
˰üͷ
Ȼ׬˲Ǯȴʼ̺ǰ죬ʧ̬µǸ
񾿾ʲô˼أԹʣмΣǿһƶɮʲôù⢼Ǻ޵ֵز
Ǻǣֶа
ţ洫ЦǺǵԶ˽
ϣԭǹﲮæƱЦӭӡ˵ʵͦͷģһṫԶĵһӦǣŶǸû¶Ůģӵͷ𣿿ǲô룬Զϵδòһ㡣
ֶ̫ˣдݣԶϵЦֶ˼֡
仰Ŀ֮Цﲮ紵ĺã𣬾ȻݹҵСˣ
ԶȤĻЦˣһɫСڴЦƵǰȻֶģҲҪлĵƣž˹һŵһС˼ֶɲҪƴŶ
СС˼
򿪿ڴƱðһ亹ոյõ۵ȻƱϵָסˣ


078 ˺ͨ
ԶƱֻʮʮĵλǡƽ
ⱲӻûӴӣ֪ĶһʣǰʮһıʶһʮƽҲǰˣ˼޸ʱҲóôļױ
ﲮ̫ˣҲգҲգԥͻƱ
õ٣Ҫ٣ƶɮʮԶһӾ͸ʮƽ𣬿϶ƶɮ߸ĺô
ƶɮȻ̰ƣҲʱǮ
Ǻǣֶ˲˼ƽֻΪ˸л˹ûʲô˼Զ֪˵ģԵ⣬ֶѾʮ˰ɣ
ϣǣңǵͣܡ
ʮ꣬СˣҲóɼҵˣԶ̾˿ֶ⢶ˣҲˡ˵ЩСǮһǸл˹һ˼⢶ļױǸŮҵĴȸֻ̾ҪԺúöԴ⢶׵ģЩⰡ
ԭ⢵˼
Ȼ˹⢵ԭǹԶҪŮˣǹ⢲޸ƶɮ
ţ⢵˺ĽͣͳʮƽҲǺˡ
ԣ
ʶǾݴ½ý֮ԣĸ֮ǸױҲӦøҲƶɮͷϣԣԣԶͼֹô򵥣ţɴƱ˹ԶЦһᣬЩ˵ɣЩƱպŶ
ֶǲױ̫ˣ
Զ˼һĴȵҲգٸ㽻ףȻˣϻܵĲƸ٣ֻҪչ˺⢶ɻ֮󣬲ȻԼŮŮׯ԰󣬹һõó
ׯ԰
Լɤ﷢࡯Ĺ죬̲סҪӦˣǹԶ䱾ĺ⣬ðһ亹æٴξܾ
ֶĵģڻɣԶɫ
Ҳǻڻ顭
볶⣬ԶִЦͺãͺãȻˣ͸˵ʵѹûжӣݼҵŮŮģֶԺҶˣ
ң͸ƶɮˣ
ëˣ
ԶʲôǮҲˣȻͳңƶɮϾʲôôֵôĴ
ţ洫һĴЦүڼ𣿡
ԲԵ
ԲԣǷȥôͻˣæкţӭԽ
ү̫ˣ
ԲԴ˽ǰӱĹԶģһԶδ΢Цף̽ŮˣǺǣ££ҿҪˡ
˵ţЦǺǵһ֣үС磡Ѿ׼ˣ룡
֣ƶɮľûнڴ򷢹Զ˻ƱԲ˳ȥ
һţסˡ
ΪԲûߴ·һƧСӣ⣬СͣɳӭӾѾܸˣҲû뵽СӭȻǴԻҲʹõĽ㳵
ٸɫ׵ʿڽɫԱжӣһؾ񣬺ȵӭ򽫾
ؿԲԡ
Ǻǣϳ˵ϳ˵ԲЦеϳĽ㳵Ȼûзһ
ԽΪʲôҽҵɶ˽սİ֮Ͳס棬æʵ
ѽ򽫾̫ˣԺ㡭ŶɲҪҽҵͿˣҪһҲУԲЦЦάĻкƵֱ̬ůģ
ԲԽ͵գµʥּѾ³ǣΪһоƷܽ˵ĹλҳƽλҲ࣬ԺǾͬƳˣ
氡Զʮƽ䳾ŷ͹٣ƶɮײӵĹʺˣ
õĺôԽ࣬ԽڣԽеè塭
Խ˵ʵвڳſڰ󣬡ҵʲôȻõ˱ߵľλ
˲𣿡ԲԿ۴⣬ЦȻˣҲ˵ʲôãѾطˣ룬λѾھ磬Ĵݹ٣
˶٣⼸λˣеǴģеǱ´ģ³ǣĻܣȼ֮󣬽Ҫ˵ǣҲʱҪѾ;ٵ飬𣿡


079 ˵еĴ
䳾͵ĵطһǳ۵ƫƧׯ԰ʱһݻľѾúˣ̽ɫԣЦ
У䳾ˣرˡ
һ佫صĵɫףǸͨǹ٣ǱĵɫһɨԾصͷһǿѹλǵ۹޾ͳ죬Ҳҵ壬Ժ飬Ԫ˧䳾һԽܵ
ڶǸߣһԵۣǹӥӣһֺĸоλǵ۹ԺĴϣ¬¬
λˣЦ˵涼Ǵ
ԺͲö˵ˣҳԱʮ쵱ľʵȨɣ¬ݸǺˣԪڣʣǿ֮һ
ȻӢ꣬Ӣɣ
һԺͷһЦı֡
˿ĸ֣е㷢ɡҪ֪ݴ½йŴƣλҲǺнģ磬ϱλó֮Ϊλֻ߹˲ȥ£ҪͿܰˣ
ɣؾ񣡡
ͻȻһֻ֣סļ򣬽ϡ
СϹŶλǣŤͷһЩ˿൨
ﾹȻеˣ˾һֻӵϹȫڻҺɫĶ棬ԴϣҲźĺڲݵƤǣòͷһ˫ûͫ׵Ļɫӣŧˮ΢΢һЦ϶ŨŨĻˮ
䳾ûмŽܣ̽ԵؿϹ
տ£ϹЦЦȿ޻ѿ
ԭǿ
û֣˵˼׻ǣ䳾Уüͷһ塣
ô̲ı飿û𣿶Կݵ˵ǵ֣ûб𾪣һ谡
ȣ䳾һʾ򽫾ǰƹŵĵ
ˡһسͣ飬䳾Цˣ֮Ӧб
ʵϣ𾪵Ĳǿ֣ţ
ɽ¶ΪʲôΪ
סŵķˮطĿǣˮжԶԶ
ɵĻڶƣͷɣ
ԭϹǹºӵĴˣƶɮǣ
ǺǣԶСŵö˵ˣԺ黹Ϊ𾪿ٱԲ򽫾ȱѹƣ˵
˵˵˿Ϲȸ˱еĿƣζĺܿࡣ
ƹѲû˵ǵ⣬ҲûҶʣȵҪʱԺŻؿ˿ڡ
򽫾£һǴʥּԸ;Ժ͸һоӡţ򵥵ʽ󣬼ڶ£һǰ죬ʿ飡
Ϸˣ
ԴӱԤϵˣͻȻٿ϶ͺʿйءãȻʿŶ˵ǰҸ׵Ǹ쵰ѽôй𣿡
Ǻʿʲô
ԺصЦЦ򽫾µҲװͿˣҪΪһʿƲġܡϵ֣ܶ
Ԫ˧Ҳ˵ʲôҴûǺʿ
žһãȻ¬ӵ㻹ѣûȷ֤ݣǻ𣿡
˵ţؿۿʱͿݺ͵λˣ˵ʱ򣬺Ԫǿߣ¬ȻϹϾվһϣȻװɵչһŵطˣ
ˣղźȾƵʱ򣬿һֱվţûԭ
¬ǸӣαرأЦЦһҲ벻ǺʿĹϵˣ
Ĵûʿ﷢ݣɣƶɮװɵװˣܰƶɮ
ðɣεҡҡͷȻˣҾͰһ£ʮţǶһʮ֮ĶɽУʲô
ٴ𾪣Ϲ˵ʱص㣬ƶɮʿʱ͵ص㣡
ŵڣˣ
ű˵ͷϵľƺˮӺ˳ϻһǳŹֵķšںϳһ̲ˮգӨ峺һСӡ
Լɣһԡ
ĶСӡľɫ仯ˡ
ѩɽ֣ϵͰޣѩɽ߻Ĺˡ
Ȼʿ֮ǰĳ棡


080 Ľ
磬ǵƻҪҪϢ
С沢ûرӹĿоܿ˵ʲô
ͬյݣһӽ·һżõĹλʱ򣬺ʿˡȻϸӡȾѪĴأͷع䡭տĳһģһ
Ӱ񲥷ŵʿʱ򣬿Ϲһֻצס˻档Ц򽫾Ҽȥ𣿡
ţΪʲôţ˵һϹǴթƶɮأһֻôһӰأ
ôԸ
ÿ˹צþһĻˣϹȻûƭˣķų˽л桪ʿͣĴ£̸˼䣬Ź˹ʧããѩɽ֮С
ˣƶɮͺʿĹϵعˣ
С۾зܿ죬Ȥ
һĻںʿȥֹͣˣһӦû֪ƶɮ̰˹ľˣܲ³ƶɮ󷢹ѲƵļ̣
ڶСûʿִźصףԣǲ֪ƶɮͺʿ˵Щʲô
򽫾㻹ʲô˵ģЦǹŹ΢Ц
ðɣҳϣ̯˫֣ҼʿǼλˣҲǴƭǰһ룬ʿոɱ˼ٸˣҪ˵ҺйϵС̿ңίصͷԣˡ
顣ͷؼǣʿ˵ʲô
ϹȻ֪ʿ˵ʲôǾƭûˣװίӣ˵𣿡
˵Ȼж٣ʴȡ
ã˵ʿɱ˹ֵ֮¼ˣܷŹңѧźʿĿǣȻһ÷ǳҡô⸱ˣ˵ҾǣȻʿͻȻЦЦתˣʱ˵ϣҷŹˣ
˵̾˿֪ȫˣλˣǿҪҰ
Ժ飬¬˻࿴˿
¬ٴӣɭȻ˵ʵ飡ôҽһ°ɣʿɱٽʿٿسޣɱħͷʲôϵΪʲôƾһ仰ͷŹˣ
¬治ʶһϡ
һɱ˼ˣƫƫûɱ㣬㻹˵㲻ʶ򣿡¬߾ٷԴϣʵٸѣƶȡ
Σͷȴһί˵ĶʵɱңҲ˵İ
Լˣ¬ŭһǷǣźԪڵıɱ
飡䳾
¬Ժü
ǧһ֮ʣҺ£ٺһЦ͵͵һָ
ţӣΪƶɮûһпˣǽһٸӣҲɱƶɮ
Ǵˣľ棬ǿһЩ̻
ʿȻǿɱ˺ܶԾˣǴı濴Ŀ꣬ΣֻҪҵĳЩҲ˵ԳΪѣΣѣ
˳µأʿæԿޣҪҸмˣнɣ
мѡ˭ٺ٣ȻǺͺʿϤƶɮˣ
ӷɿתϾ¬˵ͼǸƶɮλ;˵ˣƶɮһˣʿѣ
Щ¬ţӣ㲻̽ƶɮͺʿĹϵɱ˲Źأ
Ȼ
ͷƤʱ¬ͣü治֪ʿݣ
治֪С۾һתװȻˣˣʿ˵һ仰˵һֱ³Ǹʲô飬ҿȥ
ҵʿ¬䵭̬ȣ۾һĨڸǵľϲͺãͺã¬һЦԺɫ
򽫾Ժӹһе΢Цȫˣ㵱治ʶʿϤ㡭ȥһ˽⣬ʿ͸Ҵһ
˵ţȡһܺµױ飬ߺʿΪУ̸ֻһ̸޵顣ģָʱص㣬ҹһȥ
⡭װԥӡ
Ժ̵򽫾ѾˣΪЧȻˣһͷֻҪҵĻ
ǸƶɮصĽطЦһϹˡ


081 ڶƬ
ʿû˵ȥⲢƭǮô
ƺˣðԼҵʿҵˣͻĽͣҲںʿϣԺҲҹΪһ׬ﲻ
ȻѾӦˣûмڱ̬һĵСų
ҷϹȻܣһ˺ĺʿȥôԺԿ˼룬ֻҪһڰѻ۳ɰܣ;һ
ðɣΪѵͬˡ

ʲô߲㣬Ҳ
һıӣЦе뿪˳䳾ںһ䣬ʶһüĿüë׺ӵɮ𣿡
ʲôð䳾ݵϺУɽðɨɮ
ѾͷʦָװͿСҴûм˵ϺС
Ŷ䳾ʧصͷ૵غڶԼ˵ʥɮΪͷһΪʶ˼ҡ
˵̧ͷˣԶӦûʾãСģûģ
Զһ
Լɣ
䳾һᣬ̽˵һ·սԭ仯Ѿһ·ͺʿĽսϸֳˣǻᣬԼ
֪Ϻ޹أҲôôһҷϣתߣܲܿףͿԼͷˣ
䳾ĻС۾зˡ
С㻹ϰԵйܰٺ٣ƶɮѾ֪ˣܹգǴ仯еõҲ˵ֻҪƶɮĿֲԤ֪
ڹԶΪʲôͽƶɮ򿪻ῴ˿ܿˡ
ҪӹԶ¶Ϻ˵
һսԶŴ֮䣬ȻϿѳˣϾ˼ӣʿ׷ˡ
ˣԶر۾ԤеĽ沢ûн٣෴ʿһ۹ԶϵѪգȥ׷ȥˡ
û飬ǲ³ˣʿһ˵ԶƽѪķϣŹ㣡
Զӹһ٣ںʿãһ棺
ʿһ˲ɱٽʿ˶ˣ⣡һɽʿһһص£Ѿֵĳ·תɱ˻̲ö˵йֻǻԪ϶εھɽͷ޵Ļͷ
ҵѹ£㻹һӪսѣʿҽµҫ
ʿ߸߾󽣣Ҫնͷ­һͷò
ʲôϵʿȻͣˡ
ĸףȻ
ѹô񣡡ʿºͣջش󽣣ϣҲΪ㣬߰ɣ޵˺ҶݺǷ۾κã˵ﳤȥ
һĻʱ򣬾󲿷ֵ˶Զˣֻ׷ʿĳѪߣйԶˡѪ߱ץһĻ䳾ټϿǣ֪ͺʿϵǳ
Զأ
ͻȻƶɮʾã϶Ҳ׼˺ʿɣܽġ⡯ˣ
˹Զͼ泩˲١
ӵڶ쿪ʼÿһʱͳתһȦʾԼѰҺʿǺܿϧʿһֱû¶档
⣬ﻹһССɻ󡪡ͺʿ˵϶Ҳ֪ƶɮͺʿйϵˣôûѯƶɮأ
Ϊ̫
ɻ󣬰º󣬼˵ԱѾȬԻؼһȥ̽ˡ̸ϵ˳
γ˵ɱͷԪޣֲ
ڲ棬Ԥϣƺ˺ʿĹϵ˵˰ʱлûһڡ֡
ϵ˵ںͺʿ
̲ס棬˺ʿݺһĹͷСӣǼһʲôϵ𣿡Ըź˳ȥֻ¸ˣ֪˵ʲôʲôҲ˵¾ȥˣ𣿡
ĪĻŪͿˣʣѾƲ˵лϵҪһ£ˣûҲ̫ˣ׵˵˼𣿡
ϵ㾿˵ʲôʲôģӺͿˡ
ͱ˵γ͵γǵĿ޾ˣҲսûĿŰԪˡɵӣǲˣûҪԼƴǺһЦԣԺսжı֣֮࣬ҲҪչһԼ
ϵ˵ֵزˣڲ׾ɵˣһͬӣеˣ˵֮࣬ҿ̰һô
ҿɴû˵
ϲ̰ۣȴӴȡһСϻӣЦˣ˵ʵˣɱһͷԪ޵ʱ򣬵ľˣϵõһСûϽɸ䳾
˵ţϻӡ
һɫСʯͷǺʿѰҵģɰٴʯ
ڶ麣ɰٴʯ


082 ѪԤ
ӷƶɮ̰һӾˣλӣѾˣ벻ϵƶɮҪݣ
ĺɰٴʯȻر˳ۡƶɮ̰һЩӣӲ̰޼֮ǧ𲻻ĺɰٴ
ˣϹӵԤ֪᲻֪Ǹ̰۵飿
ϵ̰ʯͷʱʲô棿æʵ
㵣ı˼Цģõʯͷʱûж鲻Ǹͷϣ˵ˣϹпܰһˣ̰ĵ𣿡
ͺãٺ٣ҸһʯͷɰٴǼֵʮƽĺö
֪ʯͷȻ
һϿڷܹȥ˵ºɰٴص㡣
ɰٴʯ˵ϣܹƥκһԣͷȻЦЦ֪ɰٴʯһص𣿡
ѹɰٴʯȻġʯֻҪĹ߽ĥɡɢȥƾŨȣָźɰٴʯ麣ɰٴӤȭͷСٿԽȼһ
ⶫ԰˽
̰˿ڿˮ̧ͷϵѾڻԪ϶ͣʮ˰ɣɰٴʯǾͰʯͷãΪԪǿߣ
ңû뵽ȻܺԥػԼ
⺢ӡ
οЦЦҡͷѾʮˣԪⱲҲʲô̫ĳɾˣʯͷУţʮ꣬ǰ;޿Ҳֻϣ
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084 ƶɮ
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⺢ģһĻмƲƲ죬ȻСǼҲڸһʮĺӼƽϡ

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085 ǰٱի
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086 Ӱ
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087 ǧ1
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088 ǧ2
ɷ˵޽ݣţȻԼݳɨɮŹ߰ӺŻصս
ǧǽһɽҪǧŰٶʮĵģ󷨲ɣֻҪ֮սͻӳǧǧ֮
ǧĿھźɽɿرߣÿߵһضص㣬ʯѹһӸ߿տȥһֻӯëʣɽϲϵػӺīõҲعճһԶ޵ͼ׺ţ
ȴֽģ常ǧҪסڸɶӲóǧ֮ǰҪ˴
ϧ۲ǧȻȫǺء
ݼԺСԺ
վ˯ĿͻȻ۾ɨڵķϵˮ׷ѣ̫飬ǬǧۣǣϢַǴ˵еǧ󣬷ħ߾ĵһô쳤̾º棬Ϊ˷ӡɣܾ˴Լˣ벻㻹ʧˣħ߾վ˼ˣ
ӴµȡһС׹ڲϣȻֻĵһ󣬵ħɲ˵صشǽɽׯķһ·ƮƮشǽֱͬһֻûʵԩ꣬Ȼûһƽ񿴵
ϣ䳾Ҫ˵Ѿ뿪ˣæ׷˳ٶԶԶȱϴǽĿҺɽ֮ʱѾЦվǰɽ
£ⲻĵطôϣôˣ䳾
һЦָָɽȣС㲻һóİüɮŵǲ
˳ſָһһüĿϺɽһһ֮䣬üƮ裬ԣȹԼϺ˭
ˣ䳾ȥʦǿ˿ϺеĶϣҾҪλ˼ңڡڻ
ڻ󣡡΢ЦСҲʦǾ۾䣬ɣɣǺεңȻǧ֮Ŀ˼䣡
񻰣
䳾һſ뵽ϺкǿǧڵŲҲû뵽ϺоȻ񻰡֣
һԥĹ򣬴˴ɱ죬³ǵҲˡռҸӳɽͷһ࣬Ϸ꣬¶˹΢ЦҲˣԶ߶ԼŮĸɵҪҪվڸױںڵĴ۾˵ɫ
ܹŹ֣ߵȴûзӦ

Һɽ
ҺԴԪѹսһߵؽУٶ˽Ѿ˴ûģҲѾɱ˵ڽɪɪ
ĵļˣɽͷѾһȭɽͷ֪٣ڲſڵϴŴһǴ̴Ƥͻ˳ңѾñӵϷ¡
˵ǰ·Ůأ
ϷһŲеؿڣһŴ󵶣ȵŮ˽㲻㽻үȿԴȫң
ޣһĭϣȻµķ򣬼ûг˿
ͷС̫Ƕˣ磬ʦڽúɰٴʯͷնСӿˣ˺ɰٴ԰޶ɫģ
̵ģʦҵĸӣȻ־ˣϷСʲô·ʱ˺ܶʿ컯յɱˣ
ðûȻôڵ
вȥˡ
㲻˵ôвشļ˵ڣ㲻˵˻˵үҲȱ²˵еĲӾһ
ﴫһؾеĸСϱ˳
ѽܵ۾ˣҺԴҲԾصɴ۾ǼŮֵŮҲλ֣ǻûƯİ̥ŮֱļƷ屦
˼˼ܷԸԴλСŶؿУ㽻Ǹ·ĴˣóһģһĸСˣҲǶТˣ
޳ܣ

˷
ȻҲŹǣ
İ̥ŮץסѺ⵽ǰƿڴ
Ҿϲ̧һŮ°ͣһ㣬Цȫһδĺӣ
˺һŮ£ЦǣﲻǼǾͰϹأұݸҿһζԸĸүһûôˬأ
ⳡ棬ս˾ˣ䳾ҧأضܣһʮĺӣȻ飬ôģ˶ʲôɫ
ʥɮô־˰


089 ǧ3
䳾ڱߣ˵ɫҲÿ컯ĸ޸֮ŮӣѾĵµߣǷŭŭû˼Ϊ
ǶܵʵʮŸˣʮһƷ飬ԪڣԪڣ֧սѾ̤ƽ³ǵκһˣɲǣѾܵ־ٶп֪ݣһ뵽ܵĸ˭亹乣еһҲʧˡ
ſǣ
ܵİ̥ŮֻܸӿĵĴЦŸʲôæ
Դûսʱ׶飬ЦʮŸΧһȦӣЦؿܺİ̥ŮӥץСϷ롣
̵ġؿϷŪԼĸСϱмͨ죬ԴѾץסĲӣסԴЦҲ뿴ãһлûмԼŮ˺ͱɣ
ˣ٣ҵĺɽǲæô
˵ĺڲ˺ѷεش󺰣ʱڳˣֻˣɽׯĵأ˶û߳
ܵЦˣ۾׽׽ȥڱסһŮŴŮҧȥ
ʱ
ӷ𣡡
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ˣˣˣĲһ̤ɽÿһţµɽʯضѣߵĽӡ
Ҳ仯ˣ⽡˶屶ͨ˵Ҳ˽࣬üƮ裬ͬеŭĿϣ£ȴֲʧ𷨵¡
ǧļӳ֣ҡ꾭СɣðɨɮʱҲƽʱȻͬ˷ԡ
ɱ䣿ٺ٣ԭͺ¿µģܲмƲƲ죬ָͺ¿֪ү˭ô֪Ǽҡ
ү죡
ͬܵĿ֪ҵɫˣ⵽µʯȻֹܣȻССүΣգ㲻Ҫ˵Ӧ
˵꣬һȭλʦҺҵĶԹαز֣ʦи㣬գǡ޼ҡк񱨣޼ұ
޼Σˣһп࣬һжʩѣƶɮǺΪȥΪˣ߽ʩƶɮһ䣬λŮʩɣ
ˣҿǷƨܲµɫЦ޼ҵСү㻹Ҷ֣ߣΪʲôĺҼĴ˵֮һᣬĸУңҶ֣һ˴Ӯһϣ󣡡
֣ҳɵؿ˿˵ʵϺж֣үѾ˵ˣҲˣ
޷磡һ˵֣ͷ󣡡
е׳һԥûҽⲫԶӿڴһһң˫硣
ͨĵˣ
̾˿ָǰһΣָ⣡
𺳣
޷翴ˣһɽͷ䳾ǿɵˣ˵ƾץסʲôϺж˽⣬գôﵽʲôز
ѹ˵е񻰡䳾૵ظ̾
ץֻǸеĻˣЦţСɣ񻰻ûпʼأ
ֻǻ˵ˣָϬܵ˵ֻѧĻ֮һҪǱ˵һħѧôץסָ֮մһīмҡͷǲϷˣƶɮֻԼˣ
˵ţϸ˼ʣ㶪˳
ӭգۼ䣬ɽͷգһɿ𣬷ɳʯ
ܸæ۾Һû͵Ϯ۾ôģˡֻһ˵ϵĺڲҴʿһкĸŮӣƹ⣬ʧյľͷ
а˷
ϳϺеַǰȲҪ֣Ѿʧ꣬ںǧҲûȫĿھĸɳȻط
ƶɮɣش𣬶ﻬһİֽţ̾ʩأиͣƶɮձҪеˣ
еɫ䣬ǣΧܸϺгֵĻᣡ
˵ţһ˵ͷ޹Ǳش
Դ󣬳ĵնܣʮӰҲ˷ǹ̵ȭţֱкҪ
Ųæʮ˦Ԫ󣡡
ˢأϷһ㵭ĽɫӣʮŸ˵Ĺȫ棬ʮŸ˵ĶҲûԿԵͣˣڰյҡǽ˰Уǹ˿ϡ
˽Ƕȿȥһɫ̫ʮŸ˳嵽̫һ˾ֹ
ɽ˦еаֽ˫Ҳ紩ҵÿһŰֽϻһɲǣŰֽǧţ֮ɽХǧɽ仯ǧǧӡ
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ǧǧ󣬴İһͬɽǽ£ҵˡɢˣɽһɢˣ


090 һ
ϣ⣬˵񻰣
䳾ؿԭɽڣһأˮ㣡

̾˿תˣܲ⣬˳ضֻΪһǧ룬ϺеĹңǧֻӳ˲ɵǧ󣬲ҲգҲգ
ϹԶ·ʱϰһĹ첽䳾ðһ˵ζ
ɲ֪ѧɵûӳ䳾ڵʵΣһиɵʮŸ֣ԪڣһɽΪأѾˣƽ޵񻰣
˷ܵǣϺһеĹߣ
ѧһط䳾˷ܵսȭͷʥɮɽ֮䳾ʵЩɣ䳾ˣǵ̳ʦΣ䳾һҪΪʦ
뵽ʦǵ䳾𣿡
վ룬ȻǷׯϵģѾͿҪˣĵɣ䳾ͱˣƶɮӳ˳Խ޵һУ˵ġۡҲˣƶɮѪܱѣ˵һӾͻ
ͨСǰʦ
ԻԵȥȥ˾ȥˣСҪ˵
Īקһԣžʹתߡ
ʦ䳾׷
ŭСǱƶɮ𣿡
⡭䳾ԥƬ̣ᶨʦ䳾Скܶ಻Ե뷨첻䳾䳾ҲԹԣֻ䳾Ǹĺãͽ𣿡
ոƨƶɮˣʱ£Ҳػӻ֣ڵĴһˣĻڸĵϢƶɮضͽ
лʦ䳾ϲ
ѵߵˣһ뿪˵ߣѪббɽ񱼡͸Ӧ½˸٣Լȴ鲻ûһؼҡ
ıӰؿͷ䳾ҲˣƺսѾˣ
ϷŸոտʼ
⢶Ҳ߰ɣսĹԶ곤̾ôˣһʿðһϺУ³ǵĸֺడ
㻹ûбҪںϺУŮ꿴ʿǿǳ༫ޣǹҵĻƽȸҲ֮ǿϺеǿֻ³ǵķΧ㿴ղŵ䳾ֻҪ˳֣Ϻоͱɣԣǽעںʿϰɣ
ԭˣԶ˿ŮûŲŲɻôߣ
ʲôϷŸոտף㿴ռҸӣǲҲû𣿡һЦ
Ȼһɽͷϵհ̩֮ɽһȴЩŵүǵĵͷϣ㲻֣ҲӰȻ׷ռҾˣ
˭˵СүѾˣհ֮طʡ
ɽûˣҲѾǣǾƾүʵпܻ𣿡һ㵵
һ̫͹޼ҵʵˣҲ̫͹үˣհ֮ڵϸСүһһǲǾãСүľֹѾĲϳˣ
˵ǣղǿǰҺҽûʲôֱǿûˣһͷ
㣬ʵһܴĺӣּѣҲŬҲģֻǡɼհ֮͵ܵ꣬ΪһߡصǣֻҪҪãʮΪۣԭظ
˶٣ǳĸҲ˽ڲ̬ţǰʼһ߾ͿʼӰСүʲô£ʲôˣѿԸ޼ɵ˽죬Сүͱӣ裬ʲôԼ˼̾˿֮һֲز
հ֮ȣȣͻȻҵĿ
һֻѪ߲СȻһֻ֣Դ򡭡ոձϷүܣ
ڸˣߣȥӭСү
հ֮𣬿첽ǰµڣ³Ƿ֧հ֮ӭСү³ǣ
ǿ֮һڵļ̳ˣܵݣ
ĸףȻ޺
һˮǧƶʣѳĴ˵ֻ䣡
״ʫҴ½˵ʮˣǿʮˣкں˰仰˵֮£ţ
ޣָľ޺ʮǿ֮⣬ܵе޺


091 
ϣɡ
ܸոոû˵հ֮͹߾صţʱԶ˼ٵ
ٸɽͷ³ɽһܻͷվæս󲽾ͳ˹үְڽޣ³ǵϢ⣬ôˣ
ܵϢһŴ˺ɽĿڣˣˣΪʲôŸϹүҵ¶Ѿˣ
ɽ亹乣ܴڣǴɽĿˣɽĿԼĵϱ˴Լͷˡ
ɽҵƣ
Ҳ˵ɽ﷭˷ԭԴվĵطҳһѪɫƣ˺ɽԴϣԼɽ³ǣ˳æ·ݵ£ҽսǣͱɱ£˵үҵڶô
ɽɪɪհ֮۾һСүɽѪˣܴɽʹȨ𣿡
ʲôߣүֻģܴܳ˼䣬ǻشɽ˵ˣƣҾɽ³κ£
һ䣬Сүĳ˭հ֮΢Ц
ȻǸϺˣаٱիҡˣңܵ۾ɫԵģҪǲϽǰŮˣİ̥Ůү͸û꣡
ȻˣǺǣСү԰꣬Ѿ⣡
հ֮صЦЦܶߵСүɽƣͿԵ³ǵйٷң³˽˾ӵĵؼ仰˵۾̲סЦ
հ֮үǰôû֣ڵķ֧棬һɫ㹻ݣϲ
հ֮ļ򣬡˵ɣֻҪ°ɣҪʲôͣ
ռڵŵӣΪүӦõģĸҪʲôأհ֮˼䣬󻰷һתкӵСүȮһҲμ·ݵʱһǺǣ֮м
˵ֻҪ̫ãүұ֤ϣǱ֤ΪӣҸ׵״ѧظƱ
հ֮һһǼ촽ˡ
˵ÿ·ݣԾڵĸɻԹѡӣУΪںǧǿţ˶ǵųơ԰ټǧߣԾţˣ˵
ϵĸ߿ʱĳɼһܽҲһһѧֻȥͨţõģȥŴɣģܽںǧڡ
⣬ܿţݵλҲһֻڵΧӣȴܳΪŵӣںĵӣЩ겻һĽܳţлᱻϣΪ״ӡ
ܵĳŵһֱӳΪ״ӣĳɾ޿
հ֮ͬ뿪ˡ
ǵıӰԶ̾˿Ҫд鷳ˡ
Ȼ̧ͷˣ⢶Ϳ쿪ʼˣһѾõ֤أμӿҪҪȥ߶߶
⢳ĬƬ̣ԳҡͷЦٵȵȰɣҵġδ򡯻ûѡأҼʲô
ŮҲ뿪Һɽ˺ԶҵĺŲŻ򿪣ﳤżʮ˳űصĴɽס̾Ϣ
ҳԼҺűȺŹ󻹵ÿ˾ԿﳤϷԸǴɨս̾ϧ˺ͶүڣȻҲᶪ˶ֵز
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ʮµľͺˣ˿ѪƾԼݵɣ飬˼ѺۣлԪ󱣻Ѿˡһ۾Ϊ˸ҳͷˣⲻȥ˼С̵ġ
˵˵ɣȥˣ׷ʡ
˵ģȥæˣް͵ǵòǰ͸䳾һǾΪ׼ģֻҪ䳾˵ûپֱӳΪǧڵӣ
ɣƾٵ·бҪȥμӿ𣿡⡣
ȱ˵ЩˣϽˣ
˿Ѫ޸Ͻߴ
þʱĺڰ׶ַҹʱȶһڲܸ˶֣ѵΣա
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ɣӲǱ޸˰ɣ
ص˰ޣʱ򣬰ü۵ˡ
үҵˣˣ̧ţһžͰʯͷڣ棬ⶼһֵĴ
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Ĺĵ°ͣţһƱ׼۾
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ذʮӣ
ǰ˼ؽ͵үҰٺ٣˭ҵĹʺ̫أ
Ĺʺĺõ˲˼ĵز
ȥҩɽҩҩķձϴ٣һٶ˶ˡҪȥһӣ춼ܻŻ
ĽǣҩũˣǵĶҲͳĲƲңһɫҩƣӦǼֵƵϽ죬ǣڶһʹҩȥ
췢ģֻ뻻㻨ǮѣﾹȻϢɫҩƾȻǰԪҩƣɵñڶٶһˣõٶƱһ߳սʱ򣬰Ȼѣɰ͵ģ̫ˣ֪󸣣
ǰҴҵҵ˰İٱիƣʮƱ˦ǻƵ뿪³ǡȻ󰢸Ĵ㣬Ϣû֪ϽҩƵҵĴܹܡ
ٺ٣ôүպãһǮ˵֮ЦذƱ
Ĭؿ˰һȻͰ޶һۡ
ӵðˣǳˣȻôõĹʺˣϽҩƣƶɮۻҲûϽҩ


092 ʿ
һսϽҩһֱϣȻɱңҲˣû취ûϽҩˡ˵ʱźƴ˰Ҳûҩƣƶɮǿأ
һٱի˵Ȼȫصƶɮƶɮ׬ˣ
ղƱôûأ֮̾ʱʵ
ʵ֮飬ʣһ˲֪õ˻ܻūӵȥˣ
ѽôûأҲˡ
˵ʵҸղˣޣҲܹӶӶߣٺ٣ɵ
ϿҵعˣүҸ˵ӵĻⱲũū깫üʶĶʶˣҲһͷǮУҪʵҪЩߣȲ˵Ԫڻ½׷ɱң˵ӵأز죬ܰ𣿵ͷ߿϶ᶢң֪ôģ
ʵ֮⣬ҲûܱȨү˵һʵôĵź㣬һΪĶҲ֪̰˲ӣȴһֻ۱һֻۡһԭݣܽһоҸоĴܹܣһСңþϹһүǳǰҲ̧ͷ˵ˡ
۽Щʪ󣬡ĦȱǮˣȱģñ˽һү
˰ĻĬƬ̣Ȼİļ򣬡һ׬ǮĴܹܣĹʺˣҲƶɮĹʺˣ
ٺ٣ٺһЦЩܲɿĳˣɽȥҩ
˺ܾãĻȻҡҡͷ̾ӣãҲɵǸ׬Ǯϣ
Щ֣˼ؽһ䡣
ŶҲˣЦ
ţȲ˵ҵЩľ˵Щ죡üͷĺܽЩæһֱǰźңۿ˼¡
˵ǰĴץס׳ץ˭˭Ҫȥսץͷϵʱһҵҵ˵һõѾ߲ˣȥ̽粻ضץӣ
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ţͷЩ˵ʲô
˵ֶһλ˵ɺϣ񰢸˳飬һǡɻû˵ȥ
ļ죬һɽˣһϰϵ书ھ³Ҳر仯š
һ仯ҪʼˣǧڵĸѾϵ³ǣ⼸ֵǿ֧Ԯ£һʮ֮Ҳ޵ӰڵĴȻɱ˸һɶǿ϶ٴǰ
ڶ仯³³Ǿٰ¡صĴԴ䣬ڴϣٱիɽ۶ʮȻǡհ֮
Լʦվڣƶɮʲô
ʣӭһϢ˸䳾ڸŪһǧڵٲҪμԣֱӳΪǧ״ӡ
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ȾƣɣûԱһҺٵĲ࣬үɣ
˵ͼ붼ûؾͰ˺ˣûʲôرԭƶɮŶвˣ
˵پʲôʣҪʦ
ţʵŮʦܿٵͼǧǿ·ҲбҪǧڣ˵ɫ𣿡
ƲǧڣһЦҲõĲˣǻؼҰɣ·Ҹͣ
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ɽˣ˵һ֣ƺܲϲ״ʫߣȻɽ˵״ʫֳΪʮǿ˵ǵǿʮˣ
Ż٣һˮǧ꣬˵ɸ˵ʵѾɲˮҼˮ޺ۣգ˵ǻƽѪͷ죬磬ɽ꣡кܶķû˭˵ָ˭ΨһȷģУضжǵĳģ
Ĵ˵޵д˵Ӧ˵ȣ崫˵ףоǴ˵ûԣײУҲǾɱ¾˵
ʮǿʮǿߵǵעںɽ˵ʮǿ棬к߻һ仰˵֮£ţ
ţȵʦ޲㰢ްɣ
˵ޣָ޺Ĺͷţ˵ľǧԪ˶٣ǧڵĵλ𣿽ʮǿߵǧԪѾﵽԪ۷壬ԪҲֻһ֮ңܰǿΪʦٵʵضͻͽӳ·ȫ
ȻĬˣ̧ܾ֮ͷҲ˵٣븶Ŭˣ
޵ͷ
˭û˵³ǵѾ֮ʱ޾ЩΣһˣղ˵ʮǿֻǰۣʱգ½ǿкܶ仯ʮǿ߲һʮǿߣûнʮǿߣҲһʮǿ߸
٣ûȤӻЦѵ㲻֪˭ʮǿȴܲѷʮǿ𣿡
֪ڰοԼֻʵ˭
һѣپпܴǿ֮׵ĸӦǹһ˿Ц˵һȤˣɽ˵úãСӷŵһӣһѽһ̳ơ
ɻȸӦǿ
Ȼۼɳȵȣһû˵Ǽһ֣ô֪ɣ
Ȼ˵֣޴һ
ʲôɣҴû˵ҲˣŴٵ飬ûⰢ˵ʲôﻹпܽӻ
˵ģʶ鲻ԣְϣȵ˭
̤̤̤
ݵϸϸûʯ壬ö˵Ϥ̸ֳһ档
ѩصĴɽһƥޣһѪɫ󽣣һڰֵʿ
ʿˣ


093 Ҿޱ
̤̤̤ϸˣеľɫҲʵȻǱѩأû䣬ѪɫĴҲû䣬ʿὣסȥ·
ϣ֣ǳˣأӵ̰ڳЦı׼Ц
Ҳ㣡ʿĮ࣬ϸµľۻΪʲôûе
ۻ᣿ƶɮϸ¶ˣûӦʲôۻᰡãȻ֣Ҳ˵ʲô˼ˣ˲顭
ʧˣʿЦ㻹ǵԼ˭𣿻ǵԼĸĸʲô𣿻ǵġ𣿻ǵ³ʲô𣿡һķʣԲʧ˵
죬ⶼĸİԽԽͿ̯֣Ҹ˵ʵ˭ǵˣ
ߣҿˣʿһ
˵꣬ͻȻ˾һֻɫĴٵͷʱѪɫĴ󽣵ͷ¡
һûиԣҲûκξı仯ǽֻȫļⶼӲˣѪɫĽâǾ޵Ѫڣһеֿ־
ܲأһƨ˵ϣ֮ǿĽƣֽ׶θ޷ֿģ
۸ѧʲô£
ۿҪڽ£Ǻॣ޵ĳˣͺʿĴ֮䣬ǡõסһ
ųʣ޵Ҳ仯ˣʿƺȻ磬ͬԶž޽٣ֻܹܿܿӡޣ۾΢΢з죬ɭɭײɱ⣬ͬȾѪĽ棬䣬
ϣʿ˿·磡
˵Ľһ޾ˣΪֺʿûжȻֻ̽һʵ
ʿҲˣȤش˰޼ۣҲ˽ǿߣϧϢ鸡Ȼˣߣʵָٴһս
˵꣬ŤͷҲɻ࣬ҵĽⶼ޷ֿˣʧˣ
ӷ𣡡ŴӾлָЦ֣ƭʲôѽʲô׬ͷ𣡡
ྐྵȻʧˣʿͻȻЦ
Ҳ׺ʿΪԼˣſӷ۵֣æЦöҽأ
ΪʲôҪͣ಻Լ˭ˣ˼ⳡ棬һҪЦˣõıһǣǾȻŵ˵ϡ
ʿЦǰϣðǿЦ࡭Ѿ䲻ˣǽˣԼ˭ҲԼΣ࣬ţ֮ʱ뿼ǧеһҪΪŵӣȻȴһ
תΪŬһ룬ʧܣܵʲôĳͷɣ
˵꣬ʿȥ
֣߰æкǺʿԽԽ죬ֻöԺܺ󺰵ԺҪ㣬æʰޣҾ仰Һø
ʿ̲סٴδЦʲôʱҪ˼Ժ˼ˣõı࣬Ȼǵֵز
ԶȥһźɫСʯͷ˻Ժ飬ңʯͷɽңҪһԼأ
˿Ժˣƶɮˡ
ܿЦˣ
ʿǰǾ仰ʲô˼뿼֮һҪΪĵӣƶɮȥʲô
µǣʧܻгͷģʿʵƶɮҪǿϣðƶɮƤ
ɣ
벻ʿ˼ķ߷
ڲ˵ʱ򣡡޶źʿ뿪ķ򣬡Ҹоʿʱɱ⣬ţҪûһɱ㣡üͷúһ룬ǲҪȥţҽȥ
ȥǲȥЦЦҪ˵ڵͻȻ
֣˵ʲôĶԡ
ȥμſ԰ɣɵмкôһǧ꣬µ鲻ҺͰ˿Աģȥˣϵͳ˽ǧ仯ܽӴǷȱĴʽˣҲܸһ
ȥһߣһ½۷ܿ۽磬չأ³Ƕ˵̫Сˣ̨жĲж󣡡
ɵ̬ȷǳŹ֣ճ죬ǹʽĽѧԭ򣬰ڵȻЩĲɡ
ɵĻз۾ʦƶɮȥţƺҪȥһˣ
˻ʵ磬ıᶨ
öˣȥǲȥ޿ı仯֪ѾѯɵԼǡ
ȥΪʲôȥ
ĲȥȥƶɮɲΪʲôĺʿҲΪʲô۽硭ٺ٣ٰʦƶɮȥһѧʲôʲôطʲô
˵ɽ³жʮأƵŵʱɫѾڣʮҵվڳǰЦǺǵкÿһǵ·ˡ
ڳ°˾磬߰ʮӣʮ󳵵Ͼƣ·̶ƣϣλѣҼҶүǧڵӣһƣָ
׺ȾƵĺ˭Ը⣬·ֱ̹ȭϣϲˣүӢţĳɾ޿
ⳡ棬ƲƲ죬С˵־
ʱ˿ɫһ䣬ԸӭҳԱڸأҲȥˣСķ㣡
֣вô
Դһ˵ļ
һ˵ˣڳڼɱͷԪޣҷϸҶɱˣԼв˸æһͷүңҡ
һ仰û˵꣬һֻĺģص¡
һӿʿӳɱ˳ʮˣŹɱʣµʮˣȻǰͷʿȵҲ漴һЦҲãʡǵ鷳ǣĵճӣץ
˵ţһӳͷʿҲҼ籩˹
ɣƶɮ˭˭ˣһͷˮеЦҪԲԴкй¶ƶɮѾٴ;飬⼸СӱҸƷô
֣ץˣҲ˵ԭ
ЦҲʲôʽһʿĿڣȻϣץסʿıףԼǰ
ҼʿϣؼףȻҪɴˣмֻʿʹĴУס֣ס֣Ѿټһܲ𣿡
֣ʲôʱˣԴ΢Ц
㻹֪ʿ֣æ磬̰۵鷢ˣγսѾУִоڼ̰սƷմԾ棬д٣ͬʱＰ壡


094 Σ
ٴ
͵һ飬۽ʿĲӺȵ˵ҵ̰ʲôˣʲô֤ݣ
⣬⣬ִֻо˵̫ʿ̵ؽ
ԭʿڲɽͻȻ޹ľ۽˵ڳڼ䷸̰۴Ҫʿ̾ܲҳԱţͱ󺺵˳ǰһɫήʿ̾ˣǺɽĻԪ۷ʵѾи˶
һ£һֱڳ޵˺ʳӦɳ˸𣬺ɽ붾̫ˡ
ʱʿе㲻ҳ֣ϾٸոճΪǧĵӣ䳾ʦˣ˭ҶСʦ֣˭ҵǧڣ
հ֮ž˳߻һͷ꣬ϷŰóɽѪڵŻ˵ɽ˵˭ҾִܲУͺͬ
˭Ҫִˡ
ٺ٣ͿȡҵĲƸ
һʿǵӶˣɽڳҼջ̳ץˣͷֻץˣͱ˺ɱˣٲˣ
ү֪ľЩˣʿµʿˣľɱŹƵĵ̾ǣڳˣ⼸ȡ
С۾зһϸߣȻ֣㻹ûشҵ⣬ҵ̰ʲôˣ룬ǧ̰ۺɰٴʯعˣȻ֤ȷ䣬ʵڣҲǺϷ
Ĳ֪հ֮ͺγȥʿ֪
ɣ
˦ְʿڵϣǰʦȲҪǣԼȥ
侲ϸʿĻ׷ʵһϷ꣬ûûⳡڱңһ˻סɽڵѹ
ûһֱڳˣ治֪ܸˣҲǼƽʱˣһСޣСҵ̰۵ĺɰٴ߲غãǧ˿ֻҪ֤ݲڣͻлأ
˵ţҴҵﱼȥ
˻һҪǼ֮ĶԹ򶷣ں£̰ۣѾĵزˣԿĹһȻˣ
ˣɱԸֻǻԪжΣǧ֮ҲԪ¶εս³棬ǻʮǧڵĶ˰
һ·Ǳ룬ץ˼մӳ£Ҳʳ˺
˵ʵξհ֮ڱ⣬ݺң˵ʲô̰ۣҲ֮λ޴ǣհ֮Ҳû뵽һԹֱƵȻ̰ˣ
ģʿʼ֮հ֮һݺ֤ݣȻ֪֪ڳڼ̰սƷǺεص̰ۺɰٴعˣһԲ۾Ĭ
̰ôհ֮ˣҲЦˣȻ˳ˮ۵Ѻʼ˳ؾвҳԱ
ʳЩʱ򣬳ҵѾϴһգ˵е˶ѱץɽׯҲŰΧ͵һ̹ɽׯ
䳾أѾͷ㲻֪ƶɮϺУмӪƶɮҲڲʦܰ
뵽ʱѾ˳ǰֻټĳվ˺ѹѹһƬʿſ͸˷죬ܿźͥѾó̳ͱһϣɫ࣬Ȼжˡ
λ뿴Ϥ
հ֮ſڣЦекӷΧ۰գǣҲǲϤ֪Ϊʲôô˵ΪҸų³ֱȻ̰۴ˣ
˵ôץأԭˣ
ԣԣһֱҲȱǮбҪ̰𣿡
ǵհ֮߸߾һ飬ǲҵһϢҲţѾѺˣ˵ܻҾһ䡭𣿡
ͷȥĿޱ顣
Ĭˣհ֮һЦǶˣԼˣҺǻʲôŵģ˵кʿˣ׶٣Ⱥȫץ룬һ
žžž
ƤӺݺݵسϣҶǣƤϻͿˮÿһȥƤˮҲ֮˿ڣʹ
ֵǣռ˶ڰ֮ɿṩһĶͨϰ޵ľ̰٣붼ûؾץӣͷضϡ
̶̼ʮӣƤɨء
ⳡ棬Ӻˣǿ˿ſվļİˣǿԼ侲
ϵĬȻû˵Լ̰ۺɰٴ飬仰˵հ֮ûƾʵݡ
ͺãͺãȺֱհݼԺСԺ
հ֮ùȨԸƶɮƶɮ֪֪Ƽ֮ƶɮҲǺǵģ

ž
СԺʱ䳾ǰŸսȥһݣ˲
СôˣƷ̸ЦվţԺ͵Ҳû£˵ЩŹ֡
ƵĺɽҲѱˣ
䳾ŭղҳϯ磬ٳΪҵСʦܣ˭룬ɽͻȻΧɽׯҪɱʦȫҡ
ͨ죬ɽ˱Ȼóɽƣ˵ɽҸõıѵһɽ𣿡
С԰꣡ԺЦЦ̨֮󣬱үչˣɽȴڽڸ²ĹԱȻǽͷˡ
壬ҲøƽϣǻǸհ֮䳾ҧεհ֮ô˵Ȼܡ
ˣˣҵıֶŮհ֮ڵĵӣʲôô˵ˣںǧڰ˼꣬۸㣬ȥ۸һûʽŵ٣Ҳ֮
Ժ˹΢Ц
䳾ˣŭ壬㻹ЦóҿǱɽʿѺģ˵ʲôҲȥ
ȥ㻹Ժطʣѵ㻹¬棬˺ɽľȨɱհ֮𣿡
̾˿䳾ҲСˣٳϵҲӦһЩˣִҪ㹫棬Υ˱µ𣿡ٴ̾˿ɽȨ㳯Ұ岻룬ҲΪһССҺͻ
ϣԪ˧ǲϰˣһʶȤЩϽ߰ɣ
ζԻҲԺûгְæ˼һ˵뿪ĻһЦе˽


095 Ҳæô
Ժһ죬˵겻ϾͽˣЩΡ
ܽһоԪ˧¬ǰŶҪС
˶ˣֵıκ˶Ҫɣ䷳Ĵ񣬰ڳ˿һһ㶵ġ
ߣ䳾мغǰҾ֪ң벻㻹ûԣҶˣ㻹Цó
ҲЦѵҪСܾȻҵͰѳǿˣ
˾Цھ¶ǣ˹ʵԪ˧ղŵ˼ɽҳͷˣ
ߣ˧ţֲѵԺ
ϣ죬Ԫ˧ϢŭԪ˧Ϣŭ
Լͣȴ˵ȻûеӾˣȲ˵ô
ʮ֮ڣƶɮƵæͲµͷẓ̇
ţЦؼԪ˧ʵҲĿԣΪأæҵĸϳ֣ҲΪ˴ֲæĩһԹԣ
򽫾ãԺɫˣɣҵǰĪˣϾֲģҵ˧ƽ£
ѽлԪ˧
м㣬ܿԴǵԪ˧ԹΪأĩҲΪһʱ˻ʵ۱µ񰡣Ԫ˧ĩˣȥҺʿ̸һ̸
ȥ
ѾʿˣԺ͵ץסֱۡ
Цеһ֣ǿʿ͵СʯͳϣĩţѾҵʿˣŵ
ãã򽫾±ͣԺ˷ֱ֣ܵ˵˵ʿʲô̬ȣϰǶԿ𣿡
ȻԪ˧Һʿʱ̣ܶûü̸أɣȥҵϢ˵걯׳ͷȻȫǶѲҳԱĩˣԪ˧ȥҺʿɣ
ˣ̵ģ㻹˭ҵʿ
Ժæɣ㲻ܹǣ¬㣡
УɲУ֣ʿȣֻһˣ˼˭ɱ˭¬ҪǸȥˣǾͲҵİȫҵİȫˣ
ǡԺ鱻˵ûˡ
ּһѻߵһԪ˧£֪ģĵڣ˺ʿ֮һæӪҵģԡ̾˿֮Ҫи׼ʿܻ³ǳ֣
ԺͷƤըˣ
ʿڳڳ֣죬Ȳ˵ּս˶ƽ񣬾˵Լ񣬺ʿһͻϰϺʹԾ
УԲúʿ֣Ժ鼱æȡ
֣ҾҪˣ
ĺؿڣʱ˿̣׵˵ڳǰܾ裻Ҹɵ˻̼ϣʱܱҺڲ壬Ҳˣܲ𣿡ϵԪ˧ڸҹԲǽТιԭ£һʿ֣ҲִоʱԼļˣ
˵ţˡ
һߣһԺӣĬ壬ģһ
վס
Ԥϣ洫ԺĴȣ֪תȥȴһãȻʣԪ˧кηԸ
Ǻǣ򽫾һأ絽ʿ۹ͣҪߣҲҪĽͰ
˵ţԺɫͻȻȵ½ּ
æֻԺȡһƾӣܽΪģѫɼΣ򱱽ͶϮӾʵھ²Ȩմˣ
лֽӹʥּȻģ̧ͷһʥּ滹ѹһƴİԲơ
ƵŰϻͷ׭֡ӣ
Ԫ˧ǡе㷢ɡ
ûо𣿡Ժѹ򱱴󽫾ˣȨһӣֳֻ³֮ڣ֮⣬󣡡
ͣŸʲôҵһ޾ԭʿģڡǺǣǣһЩϲ飡
һ֣㲻æԣһæǺְ
ϵлҲǺɫСʯͷ͵ԺУ֮󣬹ȥɽʿԪ˧
Ŷ㲻˵ʿûб̬ô
Ժһ㶣漴׹СӰǲӲӥѾˣڹæԺܿģںһĹô
һ̧ͦͷ뿪СԺӡ
̬Щһˣһ뵽ֻҪԼһ仰һһ˾ͻԼϵɽ͹κ飬Ǿ̲ס̡Ȩĺôô
ٶ⣬ҵɽеһ޾ӵĹ̷ǳ򵥣óһ뻢óһ룬黢ϳһĻͷӡĸ׭֮֡Ƿȣ뽫
̷֣Ǳ³ǣڳɽׯ֮ע⣬ҳ֮ǰҪ¶⣬Էհ֮ҵҪЮǡ
Ը˼䣬Ȼ󼱴Ҵҵط³ǡ
Ȼһ֤ǲģõϵĻ˵Ѿƽ˰׵Ǻڵأɽ¾߹٣ܻʹ˰֣ڻԾ
ҪƽڣһЩù
Ӻ˰ٱի
Ȥŵʱƹдĸ׷ϹһˣЦүҾ֪ٱիʲôҲ˵ˣȫ׼ˣ
Ŷƹ׼ʲôˣȵ
ʶһ⼸λǰƹܵλǰԱڤֱǹǰֱǰǺǣһϡͺãЦЦλǰúЩڣүҲͱˣǰɣ
ѹǶԪ¶ΣóĪĹ㹻ԿڵڸˣǵʱģǵعУ
ϣ֣̫ˣҲû뵽ٱիȻôֶҺˡ
ƹһЦүȻˣҲͲˣ첻ڰ㣬ڰң
͵յϢܲûڵڸ֣ҪңһĿ϶°ٱիݺԾүǳͷ񣬸һݺݵؽѵ
˵˵
ҲĵЦ֣һǵ̿ţô
ŶʦѾӦˣƹ۾һ
һ֮ڣҸ㹻һ΢΢һЦ
ƹЦЦУĸ׷Ϲ뿪˰ٱի
·ϣغһðɣΪ˾ˣƶɮѾеıǮ£ĳЩ˿ҪúŶ


096 ֣ƶɮûоŶ
Ϧ³ﵽⶼڹС
⣬ѲҳԱжԽԽƽ۵˳ǰһСƽǵӴֵģ󲿷ǱռɿС̰۷ġЩƽ۸ߺϵضĳЩṩĳӣþһȺûǵҰޡ
棬ľӿ£ʮּϣͷ­ȴ߸߰Уڲɽͷ˱Աߵ̾ϡĸ˳Ĭֻżס߶䣬̵ģûսϣȴյսĸСϱ
ʦСϱˣ
հ֮վ̾Աߣеĸ̾΢΢һЦʦģλ˺ܿͻž۵ģ
漴̾˿
ݺҵĸСϱѾ䵽հ֮˰ɣ
ţԺǽ洫Ůľǣ
žܵĿЦٴٴүҾϲ
§İ̥ŮеʿѺЦ˽İ̥ŮҪĹʿһк̾ϣİ̥Ůˡ

ԭѾ
ġ
һԵ㣡
İ̥Ůؿһʱûǵ˼ܾḻˡһۻŮ°ͣԸʿѧҵӣֹҧɱߺߣүʲôŮûҲõүˬ֮󣡡
յܣк۾ŭ
ңˣþ죡ĸŮݣԸǵãдˣᷢʲô
ʿ¶΢ЦֻҪˣᷢʲô
ܣ㸸׾ô󣬼ֱڣ涪棡ȻһŭȣЩ㣬żԡ
һ㶣հ֮ҲЩͷԡ
ѾƺˣֻҪڳǰһᱻȻǾͿһˣͻȻ
ĸϻƲ
ܣ㵵ʦôӷŭˣҲˣΪ˵ҪǸֵĻɱˣô̵ġ
˵ȷʵǸ֣Ҳòϣ˽һʮˣƳףüĿ㣬мֽӣвΣɫҲ͸һɲ̬ĲҰɫ
ϣԭʦ壡ں°ͣʦҵȣѽȰվ˵Ŷˣ˼ҵ˫ͱ˸ˣ
ս˭Ҳڵǰ𣿡ԱߵĽ첻ԡ
հ֮һЦҪǰ棬޺øֱ棬ڣǸվķˣ͵ߴ֧ţԶ˾һšĦµˣүͬʦ壡
Ȼʦ壬ү̬ȡ
ڵܣǾͲҪˣ֪ƾԼı¿˵հ֮ش˽ǵ׷ʡ
˵ʱѾԣСҾʦŻɱӣ
˵ţһ̧֣һɫ׹ָ˳
Ԫڣʿǿɵˣܽ׹ɫҲǺԪڵľ硣
ǸǾȵǣһԼˣԪڶǵȴһںƲʦ壬㻹ΪڵĵڶְѾǷˣҪûŻˣ
δ䣬ӰâԪ¶ΣԪ׾ٵشɢ׹⡣
âɢʮͷվ࣬һ֣ȻͲ˵
ʿſףȻǺԪڣзϣѾӲԪڵˣ
ʦ壬бıûУͱðˣѵңߣҽѵ㻹࣡ܽ˼䣬ˣ³ʲô
ȿȣɬҡͷԼ岻ã
겻޵ʦʲô
ǲ˵Ҳ֪ͷ϶ĦûˣĻŪӣ˵ʦ壬㿴ӣ˭ܿ㣬˭Ϊʦ
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һ˿Ĺâձܵżǧ˵䣬ͻȻðһ˵ûⲻѩ̿øд
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֣СӵİϷͱҫˣϵĺӶܿסѽô˷ܣѵ̻ûﵽ𣿡
Цеػһ䣬ܰ
㣬㡭ߣү㶷죡ܵͱȲŭȻͱˣˣ£
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Ҫ˵Ҳ㱻֮󣡡
հ֮һЦԽߡ
ճֵʱհ֮Щģ֪壬ȴҹǰ϶è尡һհ֮ˣ˶ѾץסˣʲôıƣҲڵһʱ俳Դ
뵽հ֮ãЦˣʲôԣ˵ɣ
ٺ٣ʵҾ˵һ仰
û˵꣬Ȼҡͷˣ˵ˣҲš֮ǼסѾѹˣƶɮûȴкν֮ԤҲ˵󻹿ĵק˾ġ
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һǾǿһؿСӽˮôѾԴϣ˵ʲô˵û㡭˵Ļô
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097 ٴһѹ
޽ʲôӣհ֮һ㶡
ϵܿ϶û޽֧֮ܽһԾ涨ֻƷϹԱ֪ǵĴڣ
ɽɫѿҪ޽һֳоڶӵлʵ۱մ͵ʵȨѹϵܣ޽֣˵³ˡ尲֮һ
հ֮ɫˣ
Ͼ֪һЩ³ʶԾƣְΪ˧Уξܣ۱бܹȡнַΪ򣬰Լܶƽհ֮ͺγʱԵƽϵ˵Ǹżɲ
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൱ʡ߹٣˾
ڸһģʲô򱱽֮ġ򼶡Ǿ벿ţطһӴ
СС³ǣôִ٣ôɡ
հ֮룬Ȼ֣ǺͻʼҽûгͻӦòǳģδҹζ࣬ɱҸӣ
ãͰϵ˵İ죡
ɽ¶˾ģ̧֣ҪʿǴҸӡͻȻ֮䣬к³ӭҼҽ
࣬෢ģ̧ͷһֻһֻѩɫĴͷɹ
գ
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ɽԸʿǣҽҸѹΣȻʰ̳հ֮첽˳ǰĿء
ʱ򣬰Ѿɢˣһ֧޽ڿؼϣѹѹһƬǧˣиʮͷӴײޣЩһӵĿںţĳšٿٿҡ
һϻὫڶǰ޻һɽˣ΢΢һЦλ³
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һغǧ˿أͷһʮ佫һͷһ·Ա߲˸·
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հ֮ЩԸﲻ䷳һˣԾܹԪ˧ٽ򶫣ϣ򱱣ԼԪȻǴԾӵĵʮ
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ԳԪΪףʮ߼죬ױ߽˳ɽֵط֣ʣµ޾ûӪذѳΧ
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098 ƶɮˡ
򱱴󽫾ϮӾү
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ɽȫѪҺӿԴԳѪըߵհ֮Ȼ侲ϵĺһŽһŵðµ˫Ҳɪɪ
ץ󽫾ɱϮ壬Ѻүеκһ㹻ռҺͺμųն
Ҫǣһ⣬ٸױǽǰɱˣһ仰У
ôүɽ̾Ϣ
ⲻ֪ģֻҪ֪ǰѺˣǵ򱱴󽫾ү򱱣
˵ţԪذγ˺ɽĲϣ򽫾ĩɱǹУԸ
żż
ɵضͰϣɵĺɽҲᾪ֣Ǽ찡
ղѵܵڶ档
˵ж޹ʣܵŰ裬׷ӪȻûü֣һ˫ΪԼӣ˵롣һŭֻΪ˼ƽҲѾֵˡ
ǺǣԭСǴԵ򱱽Ƕһˣǣǣ˵ģһæεҪ뿪
ҲûЦֿɲǶһ٣ϵ⣬Ҽˣ

Գ뿪ˡ
ٺ٣ˣ˵һ˵ЩˣЦеشͰ˺ɽǰ˹ָ
ɽæֱԵͰͷĹŹֶˣү
֣ҸղſѾˣǲʲô취أ죬ָ˵㿴ҵĹǸɶͨĳԱ˲٣ֵǣ㻹ҵǮơǾ˵˵ɣ
˵
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Ҳסˣհ֮ɸհڳ
֪հ֮˵Ķԣɱ˲ͷأռ¼ǧˣȫɱˣиͰ̾˿һ䣬һ·ȻܵظزҲŹģ
زǲƶɮʦ
ЦҲΥ˼ҿԲɱռңհ֮书ϵռҲ뿪ҲܴһͭĲƲ
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ǵһתԪ򿪺һ
ү̫ˣŵĳԪʧ󺰣


099 ǧﵥ
Ʊ٣ʮӣԪ߹٣Ϊôʧ̬
ҪǣﻹȫǻԪ۷Ļ
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൱ڸԼ
ү̫ˣÿһŶǧ𲻻޼֮Ԫԥˣ£үֵǵǮջȥűã
⻰ԳԪֱ˲ʣǲ̰ģǸѵļһ
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һҹ֮䣬ʿڴԹһȦ֮ʬǱأѪɺӡ
֪س˴Իʵ۵޹ſڣˣˣˣˣĿ޾ֶ˻ʵǰʿԺͷԪڣѣڴˣԺӦأ

һҹ֮䣬ʿɱֻԪڣһֻԪޣͷɣؿԺ顣
ԺɫҲЩӲʿֳʵѾķ룬룬ҪԸһѪս󣬴Ծӻʣ¶٣
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ԺһЦ⣬Ӧòǻ£ЦԪ˧϶ҸõĽ£
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ҹҵһſڴϵʱ䣬Ԫһ仰Ͱˣ鳭ռѾ˽ȥռҵĲƲ
ǲˣҲסٺ٣ռҾӪ˼ܹ꣬׸ƶɮǮأ
һ㣬һƣռҸۡ


100 
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ռׯ԰԰޽ʿ󣬡֣ٺúһңҿ϶
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ʿϸӣﰧԹ̾˿ֵǮĶҵˣôֵǮȴҲأ
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ǰᣬṩٱիռˣԺ˸񡪡ںǮ벻ףõռңѻɽбҪѪƶɮ
ղŵѲҲ֤ĵǣһ棬ʿҵӵи߰ɶ޲ڵĶԱ֮أռҵΪ͸ԵùŹˡ
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ʯͷƼ죬Լ㵽ԶҲ뿪־ܰλãֻ÷ɳһá֡Ĺ˰ƨϣϣŰ㿪
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ףүҪ˫ȻڹײһţҲ֪Ūʲôط֨֨һ죬ʬ͹ײĵ׳ȥҲȥټĹײһ°ڡ
ɣ˵ҲռõıأԭؾȻ׵Ĺײ棡
ŻԼȻ˶ڡ
ⰵֱֱ£Լм׳ƮƮ֮ʱſһɫϰУӵĺȲˤ澹ȻֻһЩ΢ˤˡ
˳ȥǰһ衣ôӾӦǰ񵻸ˡһûдֵλһŷɫϻӣ
ɫϻӣȻһʶٻ֣࣬ϳ𣿡
ѣɼ󲽾ͳ嵽˹ǰϸ۲һϻϵķӡ㵵Ȼѣ
͵ɽһսҺ¶ɱʱĴ󺺹ʦºӣۣŷˮеǿӡ󡪡ѣѲɣҵʬҲ˺ѳ߿飬ؽ߸ϻ֮Сɫϻӣϻ͵ӡҵطһģһ
ռҵ棬Ȼŵǿӡ
ͷɵľ飬Ҳϻ˺Լǻ۽˷ӡϵȻ˺ͷϻӡ
һֻƳǰ
֣
Ө͸ǽϸһƷ
ٸʧէһϻΪҵһǿأֻһֻ֣˵˵Ҳ˺ˣпѾʧˡ
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ϸ۲һ̾ɣɫ˫ָϵƤָף㿴ƵƤϸ⻬·˳һŮӵָָ֣ϸ˿պۣǳ굯ٵĽҸ˵Ůʱʮ꣬Ҿͨո裡
ɵĽ⣬ﹴճһ棺
һλ¸٣ȻŵϹٶң˲ʬ߿麡ǣӡֻϻ桭
ɣҡҡͷ֣ԼΪʲô룿
ƶɮϰţĶǮʲôʱŮˣ
ˣ˵Ǯղź˵ƶɮʲѾˡ
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ӷĶģˣǺɰٴʯ
һ飬Ѿ麣ɰٴʯˣֻҪõϽҩƣܷ
µ棬棡ĴƤүϲֿԽ
Ĺʺˣϵڱڱˣ
Цҵɰٴʯй㡭˵ʹһӣתһ룬ˣԺ˵үѾϮ򱱴󽫾ԴͷСˣ
үҪ𣿡˫Ȳ촽
һİܹܣƷΣӦûɣ°㡣
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ˡ
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֮ƣʱ裬Ƣգ˻ǣӡ


101 һ
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˯ǱʶΪǰڵ١һͷӦˣڰ޵ĹӦŪָĴУǲˡİΪôܵأ
Ҫս޼Ըȥ
ǰޣ˭͵طȻˡ
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˭ʲôطȵ
˭˵𣿡
ŮӡꡯһЦƤͲǸƤĻѾͷ
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ƺ¶ˣǰŮӵͷװ˵ı飬ûǹר˵Ů
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̱ӣŮֽЦָƤ˵ĿɰģŻһ¾ſûأ
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ٴξ˴ŮӸæԴ
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Ү˼ҿԸԼ˵ԼѽŮӵ°͡
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ⲻɲ̰ûŶˮĵ˱ӡ
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ԹԵص˵ʮ꣬ʮͭ˺ϻ￪¼ŶҲ
ɫ÷֣÷٣һԼµˣһİŮ
ܲĻ棡

˵ǲɲ̰ʮʱѾʶ㣬񹦴ɣʲôɵġŮ顷аɸСȫյһԵɺϣȻõ˴˵еļƷҩӡ͡
峿ڴϣ˫ֱȻ˵ĭɡ
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ѵ
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102 Ԫ϶
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103 ֱ
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ڲһҲʦ˴߹ǣЩɽǴʦʱ֣ѾѾ

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ðɣƶɮԷ뿪³ˣһ⣬վˣ԰ټŻۣƶɮȥĸɲźأ


104 
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ֱܾúܾԺŪװĹʺζʲôȻֻ̾˿ӣǾݴʱ뺷bugǧʲôԣĺ

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108 꾭أɵľʵ1
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ӻȭͷһ¹ȭ°ϣҪǣذ׻Ϊ˲ذ׸ͷֻӻĶŤͷ­ȭĵطʹˡ
˵˵ӻʡ
֣ҲɵϣҪ֪˵ˣﰤ򣿡ί
ӻһЦһҹȭ
ۣۣۣۡ
һȭȭشͷϣѪǰһƬ谵ԼסŲס˵ɾҪˡʮˣŹʮ㣬ƶɮͿٴζá꾭ְæ취
ţһϮԺ飬ʧȥʶ

ʱһĹȥڶڵֻ洫ֵˣˣӦȭߣͣͣӦǻǰǰɣƺǷֽ֡
һʱˣûпڣǹӲģ
λʲôڶֿ𣿡
˭֪أغ·ǡʱˣ˯һأ
ڵǵ˽УһĨ£ҹʱµһһͬˡɽѾĥûббع̾ϣƲ˵仰Ѫˮĸ졭
СӿŲסˣҪٴ𣿡ӻֽŷʵ
򣡡ݺݵŻ֤ˣȻº֣һȣڸʲôģŪ
ǣĲ֪
ήҵ̧ͷϵƻΣҪģСʱĥ״̬ҲŲסˣ
µһҲˣѾ͵͵ؿԣʵ֣ʲô취ӳȥٰȥ˵Ͱгˣ
ʮû˵
ѣһγ˲ţɽԪжΣɽ棬ĸԪڣʮԪڣԼʮ飬ѼҲôǿߵİΧɱȥĬȻƬ̣һҪһ취ǾֻС
̾˿ˣµĹ򴫸㣬Ҳˣ
ʲô򣿡һ
ħ߾ĵڶԪɱأԪɱޱȣиͣҪ٣⵽ǴڵʵȼóҲֻжɵİɱȥ
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ɴûɹʱҲͲˣбѡ
֣ɣ
ʵУӻ°ͣҪڳ򣬵۾͵ˡ
ʲôӻط֣ĺ򣬱˶ǵѪɫ
¿Ѫ𣿡ٺһЦһѪ˳Լؿڣӻ˿ǽѪؿӣɫѪճһֻײвǵͼ
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һϢĺȻվ͵뵽һԶŵĴ˵ԪɱǺǧõħӦãǺǧùȻӻ춯֣
ӻһʱûзӦһˣոջ׸̣ܿͻȻóϹ񹦣˭мӵ𾪣
ӻ𾪵ʱؿѾֳһֻͷ໡ǵʱ˫֣ͷ˫ȣкģܹ߸λãֻײеͷ
ͷƺǻһѪɫתĦأ¶˹صЦ
໣
ԾطһǺ¡ϵļķѣ̾߼ը˸飡
ʱӻڷӦһذ״ؿڡ
ܽ󺰡
̫ˣֻذ״̵ǰʱؿڵͷͻȻſ죬ͷһҧסӻذף󶼸̵˿С
ۣ
ǿ˺ҧӻϣĶϱۣһŵɫĹâ壡
һӣؿХϵŨȸһ㣬Ȼﵽ˻Ԫ϶۷壡
ǻÿɱһˣضɵ˵Ϊãɱǧˣǧ֮سħԶϢ˵ⳡ棬𾪵⣬Ǵ˵еķħڶô
ٷϻˣ˴ֻϽְæȻӾҪ˸ˣţǧܺ򣬲ͷԶԶ
⺫ʶ
ЦһԪɱ֣̬ҲĮɱ̵ӻһֵֻ֮ͷ˦ְӻұ۸˺ҧɣ˵ģԶýԪɱȫֱֻۣҲըˡ
Ԫɱĺģɱ˵ʱͬʱ̳Ե˵ڻ̲̫Ͻߣɴߴٵ
һͷ˶Ѩ
ƵҽУѾڶڲ
һʹǰ
һץסһ壬ͷһ
ȹأԪڵӱ̽壬תΪŨٽһ㣬ҪͻƻԪ۷ˣ
ͻƽ
һ㶣漴пϲԪɱȻƶɮɱˣܽԪ¶ˣ
ţĮͲԽԽ࣬еҲԽԽ٣ɴͣ½ŲһеػɱƵӡһ߾ߵʬ嵹Ľ£ֱתΪѾʶȫħ״̬
ħˣȻ̾
Ԫɱ֮ħһɱרԱɱһˣ͵ڶ˶Էȫޱȣ
ΪӰʹߵ̬ɱɱ˾ɽֵϼʮǶջ󡪡̬£ʹ߼ħһֻ֪ɱ¾Ĺ
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ԪڣóԪѧԪ٣
˵ԪͨԶ̴еħֻܹһһߵĻԪ٣ǴΧ湥ƻǽһһƬ
ֻԾУ˫һһɫĹʹڵϣÿһը˷Բʮ֮ڵһж÷ɿ죬ϵ˿Ҳʼ
໣
ʶط˻ױֻʣһͷЩһʲôҳǣǣ
ȥ˼ػ˵ƵӵĹ棬һһʮĸӣȻЦľһȾѪķӣѪĶħ
ʮ֮ƵѾҪˣҲŲסˣҡҡλεؾҪԵ
ǽˣ˿кչӻȥ³ǣϿҩˣһ
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ŻԵӻԶҲٴԾһԪپҪ
ˣûɱȥε̾Ϣ
ʱ
ҵزϵĻԪâرΪǳǳĵɫ
ˣ
˼ʮߵȻͻƻԪ϶ΣΪԪ¶ǿߣ


109 꾭أɵľʵ2
ʮԪ¶Σڲս״̬һ츳ֱǧʷϵĵһˣϧֻȥ˼ܰգ벻ֻһֱ꣬Ӱʵսʱֻ֣ܳԪ¶ʵƾҵѧ飬Ҳԡ
ʩԳô
ͻȻһƮķš
ͺƾնУǰһ֮ϣׯϣɢŵϺУüأʹֱױϺ֮һģһ
ǡϺеӣһ򣬵˵ʲôζ
ƶɮʦҲʦϺ΢΢һЦ
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޷꾭ĵأΪͳԣʱռĳƤңֽΧ
Ϻеƽˡһ˵ˣ
ռĳƤң
˼˵ɿáİ취ʱ˼ô
꣬Ȼܽ˵ɣȻܳ˼䣡
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Ϻ΢Ц渵ؽһοھȻ̾ϢھѾˣƶɮҲԲʧˡʩתΪ֮
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ϺеһЦǴ׽ٶѣƶɮмֱ棬һּ׹ĸȥǣ
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еԴɣʶǣûǴҲٰ
Ϻе΢ЦƽУһʾǣ
ɴڵϣϰʶϺѾʧˣԼĶͷֻøղŵһжã

ϺиղתĿھڶƣʦȻˣǿ޷Ħ
ǿԼ侲Ȼ۲һʵԪپҪˣ֪ٵȥæ˵ġͳԣռ塭
ʵ磡
ŭգݺݵضԪҲǿ״̬
ˣ͸ղһսɱƵӣϵӻڵսȫû˼ʮˣֻܻȥ룬
ɱ㣡˲ˣ߳ŭؾҪɱ
ʱɫĹâһƺĳı仯Īزһ£
ֻ֮һ°ЦСһһҹ
δ䣬صضһ£Ȼ͵رţںԪ֮д˹ȥһգ۵Ĺʧˡ
⣬ʲôṦ
һոս۵Ԫ¶ΣȻ۷״̬Ԫжǰʧúصɴ۾
ṦղΪʲôã
ûʱˣߣǻ³ǣҲ³ǵķ׷ȥ³ǻдӣţЩӣҾͳң㲻֣

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죬ҺΪֽ
ʮ˲ڤأ⶯Ϊʣ
ħأ졭
һĳƴȣͬʱʳָָ£ɽ𽥱仯̽צ߰ͷ­೤ɽȻһĿط죡
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Ȼ³طһжΪתӰصӰĻ֮С
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°Ưڰ֮УϵѪˮˣ˿ҲʧˣѾָ۷״̬
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΢΢һЦԼ꾭㣬Զ÷ӣͬʱӵеǣͬʱӵꡭ⣬Ϊ꣬ʱռ
ɣ
ɨɮԼһյĴͷôʦأһö
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һһӡһ׾ģֱʨӡ䣡
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ɣƶɮҪѰһǿĵڶˣ
Цһ䣬Ȼ긽һŵתķ顪͡ͳԣܺɻлʹȨ
շ飬ͳԣûԼ壬ȻĨĨ°ͣЦ֣컹ܳʮ룬𣿡
ʮˣ
ʮôʣʮ룬ҵԪ¶壬ٶϸղŵԪȡʲôս
ɰȻһЦ̫ˣǵһҵľзɱҲҪʮ룡
ǻʲô
ȻЦеһָ³ǣɱȥԴƶɮʮ𣡡


110 꾭أɵľʵ3
峿³ǳ
һӶ£Уһ㵭Ľɫĵ죬ټŵĴļٸѧУ棬Ⱥտ˵ĿʼһԾ۷ǻؼ˴Ϳտ˵һսˡ
ⱾӦУȴ͸һɱѪȣ
λ翷Ȼյνȷ
ȻվУĸ̨ϣشڶ࿼ǻعһĨЩѧͨ˿ˣҲźΧӣҪͨ͸ǲֵһˣ˹ܼ򵥣ڵģҹУϸʸΣӲλıˣ
˵̨꣬ĴȶȺѧǰս

һӰ˸̨ûȻ˦һأѧ˰ա
ϸ񣡡Ȼѧصͬʱ˿ȥֻѧؿѿһ󶴣һɹɵðѪȻǻˡ
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УѻȸѧǶѪȵֶˡ
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ҵʲôˣȻڵ󻤷
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˵ţԶȻ⵽ŮһֱĿڣҲ˵Ľɫ⢶㲻𣿲Ҳóһ£㻹Ҫˣܶ˹ҵ氡
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⢺ȻͷССģб䣡
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ݴ½ԭĴͳѧǴǺҺ޹ϸˣɱ˵ʵ̫ף̫ûˣ

һ鱦ѧ˸ָָ̨һһƷ鼶ˣ
΢΢һЦ̰˸̨
⣬λС磬Ҳұ̵ƹ񰡣սս
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ԭǽ¥үܺãʵѾˣɱһƷ飬ԪжΣȻϳѧַЦеǵһ֣ʱڵһλ
ô׾õΣȺɧʮϳһңѡֱߵĵ
һѧһѧһʬһʬ壬Ϊ˱֤Լõ㹻ߵķеѧΣΣ
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û˵꣬ͣҶģҼ޸һϲˣҲҷɽ죡Ϊ˹ҵҵģҽӹܹң
ʱȻ˹ԶЦʵһǹҵСô
ˣ
վЦǹҵ˼ǣң⢣ǳǵֶΣ˳οԣɱҵκһˣ
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̺Ѫɢſ壬һϵ͵ϺУüأò飬ʱᣬĨһɱǧ֮еľЦ
ˣ
˵ħɣ˼䣡

֣ʱһʶؾָɱϺУոͻȻˣըĵطƮɢż鲽аȾѪذס
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ʱ򣬡ҲûгûΪǣֻǽĿڿһһɨʣ
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ңûɱ
Ŀѹ£ɱ˵ѧŻѣȾܣ
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ˣŵĴɵˣȴˣ¶һ˿ɵ΢ЦϺֻԪ¶ΣԳˣô𣿡
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û˵꣬ϺѾصͺǰǡõס˵Ľ·ߡû˿ôõģû֪һգ۵ʱھͷ󻤷·ߣ
ʲô񰡣
öϺе۾ȻֻԼ˫ŷͷƤ飬ϺֻԪ¶Σеȣսλжϣ񣬷һХǧŵаħ
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ȵʲôͷһԭһ׷
䣡죬ըңƬ˰գõԴһͷˣϺȻֻԪ¶εѧ̫ǿˣ֮ǰѾԼҪķϵȻԼĲԹ
ˣأ
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ɱ󻤷֮ȻǰȻѾŵѪɫʦʦңҡ
ƶɮɱ㣡ʩ޺仰
ͳ޺Ҳˣƶɮѧƶɮ͵ģ׷飬ƶɮ۸ңʵĺģٷƵ顭ͻȻͬƶɮףʲôʮ򶾷沨ɱݣ
ȥһӢۣȻôһȺɱ̾Цʣ֣㲻ֵ
һ仰ижʶʣһ֡Ҳ޿ɺǣ
죬һĹˣ
ڴţɣ
ȥĴţ㿴ղųֵӣͳѧ飬һĸˣ
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ͨ
ڹԶ·ʱ򣬹Զһƨ˵ϣµݲסشֱԶԶų³һ⢶
ҪŮ𣿡ɤɳƣضš뿪ķ
ˣ⢶˹ȫҰ


111 һƴǣ
ԶĨ˰亹ŮԤжķڷˡ
ˣĻԼûнأԶͷһЦûнԼͺãһʿһǿʦŮŵң⢶Ļ²ˣճ飡

ΣԶһΪ忼ǣⲢûдǡûŮҵҸ
ŮĶûȤ
̾˿֪ԼŤףֻõͷ˳Ժ
⢶ʲôȥԶ
⢲ûлشԳݵϣ¶һ΢Ц
ʱԺ
䳾վڷϣšȥķСзŭҲĽ
˼ҾȻʦ䳾ŭ壬ҷϺεºܣܰʥɮΪʦ
ıԹߵĿ΢΢һЦѣдԵֻСûиоˡ
ʿɱ֮Ժ¬뿪³ǣûߣĽǡ³Ƿˮѣ˽ܵ飬Ǹѵĺõط
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ʲôԵҲĻԵܸ߹䳾Ǻܿ룬ƤһЦˣôãʥɮȷ䣬ԵȣȥǧڣͲʥɮ
˵ţ䳾䵽棬Ҫ̧ȣӭ˹
С㣬ôˣ䳾㵵
ʩһЦҳŮ⢣μǧڿˣ

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죬죡һûг֣˷ɱˣֽԾɱҲûʧ̫డ
һһǧ˵ܹٴɱУʵζˣЦӣ³һʱˣɣ
ٺ٣ָղźܹ
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ѣҪǻһǧ꣬ǧսһıһã
ЦɣһЩ΢ı仯
ǰֻѧѵѵûпϺе֮ɵ̬Ⱦͱ仯ˡһʦһּͥƿ˵ľ͸ģһʦֻһͨķ
һ죬ضգշŶȥ
ֵǣ˷ˣҲֻǸСආأСӾţҲĄ̊́Ӳ𶼵øӵĶ棬̫ӵ
ˣû취ذ
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ɱһ仰ˣֻЦġ꾭ʱ䲻ˣʲôҪû˵˵
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ȻѣȻ˿һλоĴطרӦԡ꾭ʱޡⷽһ֮ھܽܶ书ھ˵׺ܶ飡
ղ壬ҷֵĵط
˵һ࣬Ӱ˶࣬ؽڹҪѪܣҶҽ˽Ĳ࣬лһôһ£ָǳŹ֣ЩطѾˡ˵䲻ģֱһ
һֻɼڶԺ˷ǳǿҵĽ⣬Ц⽣֮ǿѾҲӶ˼ˣ˶٣ǿҵĽ⣬һȫӳܱҴǿ
˵꣬꾭ʱǡõɵʧˡ
ȴסˡ
⣬
⽣˵н޻أڣ˵Ӧþнˣʿ֮ΪòƷǳӡ
Ǹʲô˼
ٱЩطֱͺһ
׽ɵĻͻȻ˺ܶ࣬һֱ֣ѵΪҵ岻ͬͨô
뵽ȻֵֹģһСĶиĸƢθˣȻƴ顭
һʼζǱʶÿ˶ľ飬ֻҪһ뵽Լ̵飬ͻһƤǳĲ
˳и˼·ȥ
ӺȻԺˣԼԼأƻõأ񡮼һ棺

һڵĶѨɢŻɵĹ⡣
Ѩ룬һѪܵĴӣƤ⣬ѪһᣬõѪζֱԣ˵ʵ
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δ
δ
Ȼ˷ǳֵġˡҺصġδ𡯣໥һһзǳǿ
˳Դƹ˶ѨĴӣһ㣬˭
ڴӺ濴һ
ôأӺˣֻвһ׸ߣƤͷͷɢС۵ƺֻһҵСк
ǡ
תʱСкһµӻȭ
Ǳ׼µƽѧ书ߵı޿ΣҲ书Ļ
ȭǼ򵥵ټ򵥵ġڻġκɣκһߣʹóȭ
СкһʽҲġȭķǳ棬һȭһȭÿһ¶ʵʵش˴ϣȻ󡭡̫ˣƤˣѪƤմ˴ϡ
ˣδ
ˣδ
ˣδ
һȭһ˿һȭ֮СкҧأԾļͺͳ죬ɽĽҵһƿҩˮͿĨȭͷϡ
ʱȭѾûƤˣɭɭİ׹¶棡
ͿĨҩˮ֮Ск˰ںĶһɫҺ壬Ȼٴ˴ǰڻģһȭһȭոȬȭͷٴαˡ
ⳡ棬ˣ
⻹һ𣿾ǳˣҲûİ
ؿţǰСкɫɷףѪɫûиĵȼûиӵʽͨһкڻģϵظظһ죬һ꣬һδεƤһδεذ׹ɭɭ
ڣ
ɽһ޾ֵˣ
СкޱصͷŲȱ߳ȥ
ٳȻعͷŹִļᶨĳȻһЦܣֵˡģǴˣҲˣңһɣҾʮ꣬һ꣬һ죬ֻҪȭͷûжϣҾǿ书˶Ҳ۸㣬ҵĵܣ
˵꣬Скͷһ˿̵Цƺսʾ
ƽˣȥ˫ȭͷ߾£ңˣˣһƴǣң޾


112 ʵ
ڸ˭˵
ŤͷɽѰңʱԺˡһһлʧˣ
̧ͷһǰ³ǵСӣͷԼȻź˵ʱ̬ǵЦݶûб䡣
̵Ĺˡ
Źͷ˼Ƭηǳ֣ͻȻʧĸ죬ƺھһ£ѣ͵ð˳
ôһ
Ск˭
޾ҵĺӣ
˺ܾãʵڲμʲôҲ̽ϣգգۣ˼ά׬Ǯȥˡ
ˣȻڣɽһѵ̯ӣƶɮϿȥʰٺ٣Ҫ̵һЩôòˣ
Լƽʱӣҡڵػص˳
ʱǰҰɱĿǰ˺ѷεش󺰣ڵĴǣҪЩӱ𰡣һҪɱǸϺа
һˣʧȥ˵çҺӳǻû˵꣬Ա߾˷ۣҶһָԣûղϺеûľ뺦ȫǲǣ
һѣȫӦˣԼҲմҵѪ˵ᱨģ
ߣߣ
ڲʱ򣬱Ǩŭǣ
ʮӣٸĿɢȥܵıӻ죡
ǵӣƲƲ죡
˵ɱ˳쾭壬ɱ˵ĿЩΪƨֻɳˣȥԼĺʲô£ɱ˭ҵʲôˣ˶ǰˡ
ȻҲںЩ˻𣬳죬˭ûԹ˭ûζǵĳˣ
֨
ƿţЦе߽˳֣Ȼ֣𣿡
Ȼڸ̨ϷӶϺвǾ仰Ŵ뿪Ӹʬû
沨ɱݣ
Ȼ˵ħһַǳ̵󷨣ͽ沨ǧǽͶֻҪƵĶҧУͻɺʶĽʬȻ󹥻ˣԽԽĻ˱ɽʬֱȫ⣡
󷨲ԣһضѪɺӣž
ôһײеϺа
𣬱ɱңûɱ˰
Ȼʶſڵϣŵɪɪ
֣ʦѾŹˣҲûȤɱ㣡ЦеȻߣļˣ㲻ο˵ǺãҪμӿˣҹаɣ
Уʦ˭Ҹ㶯ְȻϼһ΢Цү˵Цˣʣ³˭˲֪ʦѾʶˣ˼ǸˣҲһǾͲÿˣֱӵһ
ֱӵһ֣Ҳ̫˰ɣȻļŵæ˰ӡ
ⲻǿǾүʵôˣһ
ȻԷǳΣȻͷСʵүζˣǵطأȥڣǧڣط
Ȼǧˣ
δ䣬䳾˹
еЦҴǧ룬ҴнܣΪҵӣ
ǧڣʲô֣סˡ
үôȥǧأ
ûŪ䳾˼ȻһЦе˵ˣүȻţҲ޺ҵӣʦڣ

һʱûתǧҲͰˣôҲˣƶɮոɱڵ
֣ЦɲЦŶҪȥڣ̱ɱˣƲ
үģʦ˻ôɱأ
Ȼѹү˵ʵеʲô˵յӣɰǿԼʵ𣿡ͣʦҼʶˣƾһɽڣܸڴٺôҲ˵ģʦ󻤷ʦһȥܻһɵϲŲɵϲŻΪȥһƴ
˵ЦЦүԾڴˣڣʦټƽ󻤷ˣ
һȻˣݴ½ʵΪƶɮչ޷󼰵ʵͿԵõأͽʵͽǿΪ
˵ɱ󻤷ûʲôˣ
̹ˣתһ룬վǲȥ޼ҵģ
Ϊڲ֮һġǺǧáº֡
뵽мץȻ˫֣֣лĺ鷳˵һûʦͽԵ֣±ӣһĺ⣬Т˳ѧ
Ȼһ鴤
һ࣬䳾ĹĵغĻŮʱ˵ģ
漴Ц˳˵ǷȤԺǧڲįˣˣ߰ɣ
СΪʲôҪأգգС۾
㲻ȥڣȻȥǧˣ⻹˵𣿡䳾һ㶣ѵ㲻ȥţԼǰ;𣿡
ϣС˵ˣһ治ȥţҲᵢԼǰ;
ٺһЦȻؿ˿󺰵ĦµѾõ˵һӣȻɵ⳥ΥԼŶ
ǺǣǰҺһ
д
һӶӵĴͷɹųתȦ֮ٶµӣǽһУͱֽƬǵ
ͷһͷ꣬ϱĴ師ļ׳һؾ۵س嵽ǰȻֱؿĹͷ
ͻȻһĹͷԼĹͷغЦУСӶ·Ǻˣ
ɳ壬񣡡
µ˹һЦ͵翷аԵҿߣĦµľһ֮롭Ǻǣһ
˵ţ˼Ī㻹Ħ£һ˵ĵӣ
һĵǶϣ
һʱһʱѾչֳ˾Եʵ˵ȥȥκεط̵ˮ˽ֵػӭˣܿĦСط
ղȻ˵˾ʵҲ˵һ䡭
ԣʦţѧһ汾˫ǲˣأһѧǬ
˰ΣȻЦ˵ˣǬֻŴӣĦµļ̳˿ѧ
Ŵ£
˼ӻһƱϹʦϣܵһݣٺ٣һС˼ǰʦ񣬻ʦЦɡ
Цˣ
ʱϷһ㵭ɫĹâʮԪڣһӢŵĴˣĦ£ҲһӲʵļ̳ˣ
ȻҲЦˣ
ΪĦڣȥĦ£˵ֱ޺ҲƤӵˡ
䳾ҲЦˣ
Ħ¾ǧڶ棬ȥˣϺҲԶˡ
ĦµĵЦĸģ
ǿƱϵ֣˵үȻˬһ֣㹻ʦֵǸһˡ
ǹͷɳЦˡ
Ĺͷٺ٣û
һʱ䣬Ц죬ȥԶԶ


113 һ
ݴ½һ֮أݲɳأֶֻȥһߣޡǧݱ䣬ƬɳĮͳ޷ߵ԰֮Ϊݡ
ޣһ޸ݣһںǧڵڵأмóΪֽߡ
紺ͰڰֽûĴϣһ׷ǰĦ¶飬һŽµľɫ
뿪³Ѿһһҹˣ뿪Թ߾һ𣬽¾ֻлɳƣ֮󣬾ɫȻһ䣬һƬɽɳĮаεضߵһɽϣܿһƵĵ񣬶ΧŵʮܼĵطӦþļ֧ˡ
ԶԶڣǹһ˿ٺٵļЦ
ȥľȤ
뿪֮˰ʦʽһСġ¶Ԫ¶εʵһӣĦµľӢǷˣҲֺǺǵΪĦµŴӣͣĦµĵڶǶһʦ֣
˵ǣûİʦֱ̾Ļ˲̰Ǯ
ǰĦµڣȴһ鷳ʵڽͲ尢޵ֲԸð䰫һӣɴѳԼСùãԼȥѧģ
ͻȻðСùãǺһЦûϣ궼ѧҳѧģҲһ˵ˣ˲Ҳͬȥǧô
ˣа
ӵĹʺû˵ˣϻڶѨӻʱ򣬲ϻһ㲻Ĵ˻ּǧ˲Σ˵ʲôϡıҲͨĦµӺӡ
񣬰ǹͷɳһֻϣϻͺɰٴȱȫİ
ͳӵĹʺˣϾ԰ȫ
Уɫڵʱһͱڣһ滺µɽĲԶͷɳһԺЦʦ֣ǾĦ
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ЩңңţһǧĦµӶڴŸդ棬еŹе׼ľʯеˮһоǵļƣ
Ħ£Ǵ½սս
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Ҳ֪ɳ۾ɵúţһкʦʦ񲻶Ծ
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ͨƨ
һĦµĵҲŴ˹ָͨǽѲ黹ǳңҪȥˣĦӵܶİ
˵꣬ίԹʦ֪ͨѲΧֳʲôʲô˭˭ֳǡ֡ˣ
ɫһͨ㵨ϴĦµĲ
ʦ壬ɲҪԩأͨһƲǻֳè壬ʱӹܶѣţԼȨӻһƣһ˻ȥûУִ˭ҷƨ
仰Ħӣˣ
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Ҳڵķ֧
ɳĽͣضһӡ
ڣһǧǰ翷壬¹ȣĦ£ɽ֣ʯɽСԼڣܹߴš
Ȥǣʽ֮ʩСֵƶȣҲڲһо书طÿһαᣬʤߣΪδ
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ܵĸף翷ţ޺
֪ʲô˲ĹĵصͨʦĹأÿһڣʸ´˵ʲôһűɣȻҪǽߣղС˵ĵһ޺µ
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֪أɳԼһͣԣԣô˵ǰʦɹֻߴŵʸ֪֪ȥʰʦ
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ǲϣĦµĴţһеɽУмֻһխխͨһ
ʦ֣һˬͣԼˣ͸ض˵ˣ̳¶ǣԺԼֵܣ
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ٿȥĦµĵҲĮȻڷ߿ͨľٶǸ뿴һδʦֵֶΡɽҹ㻹ʲôʸĦ£


114 һ޻
ԵɽҾƣ°ͣȻʦĦºֵĹϵ
˵ĸֱһЩͽ϶ܸɽҲкüֹҪӲһЩģǻһЩģ߲Ӳͨһӣ
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һһĦƺһȤĴʦ֣
룬Ц˵ʲôİ취أ˵ʱɨźĦͨӡ
ǺԵİʾˣӲһЩİ취ɱͨ磬ͬʱȷŴӵţ
Ӳô
С۾һת۾̰ɫɲǼʧˣȡ֮һĨᡣ
Ȼֻһһ˼׬ǮСУûйһ밢ıǣñĹȻȻó˱ʱĺš
ǵɽ𣿴߹ȥǣ
׬Ǯ֮Ȼһ˿ǳŹֵ̬㱼䣬ˡΡмǸСкңˣҲˣһƴǣСС޾ˣƶɮһСô
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ˡ𣿹ֺ̬󣬻˵ĳںϺȫһˣ͸һѣһԵ޼е޾һᾪȵؽгʱǸİɽУһȭȭغѪɫʯСк˵˵Ǻϣ
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ʦ֣룡þߣҪʱԵʱҩÿ϶ЯһЩͨķԸյƣʮ̳Ҿưǰ
̳ʮ̳ƣһĨͣһ̳Ҿ͵ͨߣʦܣƷ֪ǧ٣ֵҽ軨׷𣬾ʦһ
ͨɫһ䣬һץסĺͷһקŴͣȻһֵֻҾƹȥʦܣڿڿǧڿҺʮ̳֮žһ̳ô׬㲻ȣʦǿЦģ
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ƲƲ죬ǰһţصĸֵ֮ǰȥĦ۳һ漴¡һҽ£ֻһӡֵſߵʱ˰֣ѾÿһѸֵ
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εǸСкʼ̬ͺǰЩһˣƺĳĶˣ˶Ӳˣ˼ˣ

ղĲ
ĦڲߴĦдɢȥΣĦµ±ϡ
ɽƣ죬ԨͷǿգƮЦ˳
ҾƵɽģ㲻ǵһһȥģһڵһۣɾޣɧʮ꣡
ϣʦ˵ġ
Ŀ佱ϰԵǫ鼸䣬˰֣ûбҪǫ飬Ҳǫ飡
˵꣬εļзóһԿףɫƺʯͷĥɣԿĦңһʦǵıһ书ؼһĦҪĲƱԿףԺҾƹˣ
ЦЦҪĴǬڵڶң
ʹؼˣԿףܾе㲻ס
ŴӣæЩܽΪĹŵȳϾֻʶһ²ֻӴô̵ʱ䣬ͰĦµر⡭Ҳ̫Ϸ˰ɣ
ԤУҪһء
ǣԿ֮óһε壬·ǡĦĸ׭֣Եӡá


115 
ʦڣߴţ߿챦⡮Ħ塯֮һ
Ħ壬ֳĦ壬Ħµĵˣ˵δѹļˣ
ʦǸѧЦأԽòףû塣
ĦĴУܿЦģ
Ȼҿ˲ǣѪȥ渵ʶһ£ҾͰĦµĴȨ㣬ǲǾ̫Ϸˣ˵ﻰûİ취ˣҲôʣŴӣ
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ڲִټѡң°͡
㣬һбѡôЦʮԪڣףһУʸ̳Ħ£Ʒҷģ
ҵƷʦʶҲŲ£͸˵ȷҵƷ档
һ£ǺǣĶһӡûˣ
ָԼĶȣúһ룬ǰݴս㱻Ӧ²֮󡭡
Ҳμǰ֮սȡ
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ǣǺǧø֮󣬴ǬҲεռҰһʱ䣬ͬʱɫμȴػΪӦ

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볤ϸղ˵ҪԳȥΪһѵĻһ볤վڰٱիſڣƹƵЦеؽ̸


118 
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119 ɱģ1
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Ȼ
Ǿٰһ˵·ɣЦĦ£ԣ
ϵЦݽ˽ðЦǺǣϵܹȻǸˣҲãٱիûʲô£ҵóȴǵһģڿʼڴ򲻵κζ
ĴӦˣһ˲䣬ϵļЦʧˣȡ֮һݼͺͺˬֹ˼Ҳףʮ̫ͼϣĲȡ
һץסֱۣϵܣˬ죡
˴˱˴ˣҲס˳ֱۣ¥ȥǾ߰ɣϷˡ

볤Ϻܿģ쳣Ŀģ
ȻΪĦµĴܹܣȴһʹŵĳ붼ǺԪ¶Σǿ翷޼ңԪĳϣԼȴֻһԪжΣ
ڵĶʮλϣ˭ң˭ȻֻлʵȴƤڳλϵķƵļÿ춼÷볤Ҳ̧ͷãûгΪŴӣǱԼ۵ģ
볤ζ겻ѾԪжͣ˶ʮ꣡
˽꣬ܲܽѾʵˡ볤ʮˣֻнܶ갡
ԣ볤ƴѼϣ׻ݣƷֻҪܰꡮ׻˫Ķ볤ȫϧ۵˽죬ٱիȻͬʱƷ볤ϸϲ񣬼Լ֮ĳ档
̫ͼ䣬ֻҪҵõҾͿ֮꣬꣬ҲпܳΪŴˣ
ĵһţ볤˷ָܵʱǧڵļ˲Զ
䳾٣һǱؿһǵطһҲҿû㹻Ĳᣡ
볤˲õԤУ͵
ֻ䳾֮ЦǺٱի
ʦ㶯ˣϣһƣ׵ǣ΢Ц˼˼ֳ졣
ͬʱ֣ĸʦܲģ䳾ЦʦҲ˰ɣҿȣҿԷ̫ͼһǮҪ
üëһ̫ͼҲֻһùûˣʦô
Ҫ䳾ͷ΢Ц͸һĨССҸ
Ҫ͸ٺʶȤû׷ȥ
ǹȻҪˣ
ǵĶԻ볤ϵ྾Ĭһ£ԼҵҲֻóһٰʮӣûͬʱ
ˣҾͷ䣬ֻȡ̾õ̫ͼˣ볤еѪľȻ΢΢һ
ԭǲ֪ʲôʱҲˣƶĻɫ԰׵ɫйϾɵΣԵôĺͲۡ
ߣûжǮֲϳµı϶ûǮ
ţ볤Ϸˣ۾ĬĬصȴʼ
λõˣ
ɫڵʱ򣬳̨һһϻӣʱ˵Ŀ⣬ǰЦǴݰٱիƹճ£ǺǣҪֵǺͨʦƹֻΪѣˣ
Ĭ̬˵ĴЦҺҲʲôأǾȥ׻̿ʼ
˵ţֵϻӣ䣡ⶫʦͷˮʦ岻ҪҶ˵۶ʮͼӼۼһλ۰ɣ
Ϳʼˣ˾֣ʮ
ʮ
ʮ
˾֣һʱмƵǣʮ
ʮ
ʮ
ϱ仯֣ɫ񵭣ֻҵеصһһ仰ǰٱիλ۵ʱһ룬ǷٱիΪУ߼ΪУЦЦ˵䲻Ļǳ۶ߣٱիҲܰѱܻӭˣ𣿡
˹һЦ˵ұҲǱˡ
ǣ˺һʱȻ˰
һǴλֱλֵؿڣ۵˲òҾīұļֵԣһҲĺλˣٳ߼ۣеˡ
ôû˿ϳߵļǮˣЦе
ͻȻһƹģյּ۵Ʒô
ϵһӣĦʦµĶٱիʶּһٶʮô
ĦµʦĦµĻܣҲֵۣһٶʮһָбһٶʮߵļ۸ôûУ顭
һٶʮһ
򣡡
ͬʱʱȻ
һٶʮһûʲôǾȻһ̧۶ⲻ磬ҲдС˵˭ô۵ģ
ѭȥֻ۶̹ȻһĮ΢ЦĿע£ԳЦЦһįΡ
ҶүȻƴ֣˸㲻ɣʽ΢Ц˳ߵļ۸ûС
˵ţͣʮӣûٴγۣ߸߾ֱۣȻˣ
ѾվƽǷ⡣
Ȼ˳ߣְϻϣ䳾΢΢һЦʦ㣬ʦ˼ҵİʮپҪˣҪ׼񣬶лʦˣ
˵꣬پҪȡϻӡ
ɾʱֱˣŹĿУɽۣһٶʮһ
ٴλȻ
˳ֱȥյԲ٣ϯĹӹźĴֻһ棬ЦǺǵسųʾ⡣
ⳡ棬ٵĿⶸȻƹҳ۶
ǣү۶ҲȣܶǮٱիѱܻӭˣ
ָָٵؿڣЦеܲңүǰٱիܻӭĿˡ


120 ɱģ2
ٱիΪܻӭˣѾϵϷˣˣҪ֪ٱիǴݵҵ䣬ó׾ͷһǵӣپʧȥڴ߼Ȩ
Ƕղٳ˺ֻܶ࣬һЦƹ񣬼ȻﲻӭңҸˣ
˵תߣΪʲôӭԭûʣ
ɾ
䣡
ٵķӳ˲ɵð˴ĴָŹҲ⡪費ѣپǧڵĴóˣҲԽĲöԸˣ
Ķֲ㹻Ȥ
ƹЩ԰ɣ
Ȼü֪ɽһٶʮһǶҲۣɽЩˣ
˼ǡ̽
ҳһٶʮӣŻ͵صؿ˼
⡭Եȣȥһſ˵˼棬Сϵܣô£ʦҲҪ䣿
˵ȥѣμҵѺµĴұҲסˡ
룬ʦɣ
ûʲôŵ㣬Ψáʦص֣Լʦа塣
ɨɮϴ²Ϊʮ꣬Ҳǿһϡ
ͼˣһ̧ۣ̰͵С
ãǵڶƷٱիĳλṩģ̫ͼ
˵ţϻӣɫǹȵʱð˳ֹâϻϿ¶һ̫ͼ
һο̫ͼһڳʦĺˣ䳾Ȳغ˳Ǯۣ
ƹ̿۰ɣ
볤ҲһԿһڿˮӴʮ꣬Ȼʵߣ۹Բ̫ͼܰ꣡
볤ʶ볤ϵı飬һ֡Ȼ̫ͼֵƣϾʦ˵׼̫ͼЦ볤ңǾ˵һ˵ˣ
˶٣٩ɲҪΪѹۣŶ

ڼǰΣ볤Ϻ˵ģվҸӣҲͼ˵ˡ̫ͼδκһֵ伮棬ȻǽĶҿ
ŶŰȤ治֪Լʲôô
֮һ̫ͼ̺赵սʱյĶֿԷ֮ĶֿƾӦԡ书޷˵һûȱݣܹӦκһֵֶȫ
ͷ볤ɫӺˡ
֮Ҷ֪ʦ챻ˮʦƣǷˮʦΪʲôܿǣԴ𣬡ܼ򵥣ˮʦӰɣƻϵ󷨣͵ߣǣ̫ͼȴûȱݣΪ֮ʱһɻ̫̫֮ǣ󡭡Ȼ̫ؼԴˮʦطǿҲû취ıԴ
֡㡯ˣ仯˵̫ͼһ޾ˮʦֲʦȱݵ
һڳʦȻ
޾ˮ仰ʦջʵ̫ˣǧݣжʦڷˮ֮£жֻ꣬Ҫˮʦ֣ʦҪһͷ
ȻһԲˮʦƣ
Ҳסˣ
Ҳû뵽ԼײһȻ˷ˮĽɣı˾ݴ½ʵƽ⣡
һû˵أ
볤ϲ֪Ԫ̫ͼ˽ⲻ࣬ԲҲ˽̫ͼе׮ڶ׮һУ
̫ǣ󡭡ԴﵮĹ˵̫ͼĸףֻκһϢ볤˷ܵɤɳƣҲ˵ܰʦ꣬ڽ

ոµʦվ
ǵѾＫˣһȫֲܹˮƣȻܽ죬ʲôģ
˵ľȴƽ˺̫ܶ࣬ͼں˾ĽЧܰʦҲ⡣
ĵǣôһųŵǮ
ƹ̿۰ɣ
˵Ĵߴ£ҲӾлָˣҲû뵽ôǿһ뵽ϻʮͬһůϹϵǰٱիʮӢľߣ
ãȻ볤ѾѺô˵ˣҲͲٷϻۺһʮʼۣ
һ
С䳾붼û룬ͱһۣʱ˶ѾھˣΪ̫ͼöԣһ۸СҲֻȥмҽм۹̶ѣ
һٶʮ
һʮ
һĸ߼ð˳ֱܿˢ£ĽмУ볤ϵðһ亹
ҧҧߺһٰʮ
ѾǷ볤ϵȫˣ䣬䳾֣̾
ʲô
볤Թؿһ䳾ͺ񿴵ӵĳˣؿȻǮҷԻȥˣĦµĹƴҳٶʮ
ʮ򣡡
䳾ɫû䣬ΪԻҵ֮ŮĲƸѾൽ޷ĵزĲ˵ʮˣ
ʮ򡭡볤ϵһҧһ򣡡
ʮ򣡡䳾ûں
ңң볤ϵĺˣĦ¶ֳּһٰܹʮ
İ򣡡
䳾ƮƮ˵꣬ŷӦüϣֳĦµĲƲ˽˶ù
Ҳιˣԣ㵱ô
볤Ѿ͵ˣŭţӶΪѵǵһȥĦµĲƲҵ
˵꣬ҧ䳾İʮС𣿡
䳾üͷΪʱЦƹûôԵһ죬ñΣԭ˼ҲûǮûôǮ
У볤Ŵдţһ죬ڲ򣬽ûǮ̫ͼҾˣ
䳾ϣҪ̫ͼзǳҪãܲܡ
û̸볤ɫ
䳾Ҳˣϣ㲻Ҫڣ
˵²ϵһ䳾ţѺ˰˭
һѡ
볤ϸҪѾƮһ䣬͸Ի̫˰Сˣ

ĸһ˶ûƢ˵ղŴҶ۵ز˼䳾ѾϹĶ޼
˳ûУҿɾ̫ͼˣ
˫ͨ۾ע£䳾ĵ̫ͼһҸС΢Цġ
Ű棬䤱
̫ˣ
˵ϡΪպ̫ͼļ۸϶䵽ˮƽ˵ĸ߼кжĳɷ֣ڻԵɺϣҲû뵽̫ͼһγ֣˰˰ĸ߼ۣ
ڴźƶɮڻƶɮڻƱ
ģƱûô졭
һ䳾ľƶգϷƺûճǸոս߳


121 ɱģ3
ٱի˴ȵʱ䣬ǴӴ䳾Ⱥǰ棬һ΢Ц
볤ϺӸ䳾棬ɫҧأ϶ڿδ䳾Զϵǧڴһʱֶѡ
䳾߳һ·ڵʱ򣬺Ȼͣ˽Ų·߽صȴ볤ȻҲͣˡ
Ƭ̣Σ̵·

һٱիƹ񼱴Ҵҵ׷
ԭϸ磬ǺǣҵѾƹˣּһٶʮʣµһ͵ʶƹ񣬻ծģǸЦЦ
ѽ˵ﻰӵ飬ͲҪˣ
ƹһСϻӽУûȥɣ
ô£͸ô
Ȼһ䣬ǼʮѺ;ˣôǲҵѣҵˣ
ϸ磡
ƹһ̾˼ʮ壬һ˽ԭͲԣǰݴսĦսǧӵܣΪǵĸ𣬸Ѿҵˣϵϻӣûȥɣ壬ҲҪʵβأ
ˣ
˵ϣɷ֮ʳֻûȥһȻͶβǮԼ취ģ
ҵϸ磬ôͲأ
ƹεһ˵ˣϸ磬䣬óʣµΪָѾڵŲ㵽ȥŪʣµ
ĬƬ̣ϻһЩŲ˻ǣ
˵ҵؿ
ƹƿԣʵԼģҲģ⻰˵ȻͳԼҩӣȥˣ
ÿΪӣȻǵֵز
䳾˹ǡζԻ
棬ӣȻܰһ˱Ƶҵĵزʥɮ˵ûϻкܶأ
Скμ̣䳾ˣüͷһ塣
䳾һ˵䣡䳾ЦһʦǴüĿɮˣλɮأ
֪
ǧڵͷܲ䳾ͱζǲ˵ɣ֪ǧںг𣬿λ˼޹أαأ
˵ţ䳾óһƱǶʮӣֻҪ˵ˣǮծǮҩˣ
һһѪ˳
ƹҲȻɫˣС̫ˣ
ңʲôˣ
䳾ĹȱǮԼǮϢⲻ쾭
ûʶʲôݣʲôݣһˣЦеƱ˵˵İǮ˻ծʩᣬ裿
ɷ֮ʳ
ʳ֮Ϊܣ
ˣˣҲⲻѾͷƽϣ
Ҳ䳾Լ̾˿ߵ
ɳĴݣưܵСԵøƾɣӰҲįǳƹӣҹҲһŪٱի
ÿأıӰ䳾ãȻ޴롣
ԶԶأڰٱիżϣϣÿ䳾
ü䳾һĳ桭
ƺ׬ͷأ
С۾һתһСٳʱѾϺеӡ
Ȼװֵӣؾʹ䳾˹ȥ
ʥɮ
䳾ƳӰϲĻһǻԵԵȻڽֱ·˼ң
ʥɮ䳾ϲس˹ȥϹ³һ䳾䳾ؾȻ˵ˡ
ŶԭС
һЦȻƹڶ䳾ŭĿӣЦСгڴˣǸɣ
ˣ˳Ŀ⿴ƹ䳾ѽʦˣ䳾ĳˣæղŵһ飬֪ôˣˣ
˵ţļʦҲûøղԼʲôɿشӻóһСϻӣϹʦһ㱡񣬲ɾ⣬ʦ䳾ͽ
Ӵ򿪣ڽɫ̫ͼȻոջ˰µ̫ͼ
Ҫƶɮ
һղſ䳾ǴЦӣΪ͸˵أ
ƶɮ͸ƶɮСҲ̫ɰ˰ɣ
ʦϲûзӦ䳾սս̧ͷϣ
ô뵽һʧЦ
䳾룬˴ʦľ磬Ա׶ӦûȤҪģǲڼ֮Ӷмȡ飬Ȼܸһ¥ԡ䳾ɫ糺죬䳾׼ʦͽ
СһƬģƶɮˣ
ЦЦ漴ֻ̾ҪСʧˣƶɮ֮ˣѶ֮縡ƣƶɮôʦ£ĵһϰ֮ǰҲҪˣ
˵תߡ
һϰң𣿡䳾͵صɴ۾Ŀ˳ʦҾʲôˣΪʲôһֱң
ӲɽҲ
̾Ϣת䳾СһƬģƶɮΪ˵һ
˵ţС˶ϻµĲƸоǮȥ񣬽жգжٺ̣޲ްգģֻһʱаĳ죬Ȼҷ֮ԵóɨɮѵӣʮߣС裬Ѻڴ֮ϣ컯֮£мˡ
ȵȣʦ˵ĵһף䳾ᣬңû۸ʲô۸ĦµĴѽ
㻹ǲףˣˣƶɮͽ˵棬ȥ
һ˦һƬ
ʦĲѽ䳾׷ϣ̫ͼ͵ǰʦҪ⣬ңҿȥ򣡡
ննŻԵǺ쳾ܻģ
ʹ̾ϢƺΪ䳾бȻߵԽԽˣմƶɮգգСҪͣ͸Щ˺Ŀ˰ɣˣҷȱлڹ֮⣬һλԵ
˺Ŀˣ
䳾ʦУϺߵҲҲˣ˰죬ֱţб˺Ŀѽ
ˣ
䳾ͻȻ뵽뿪Ƶһˣ


122 ɱģ4

䳾æ뿪ķ׷ȥǻɳңǰûӰ
ҲףȥĦ¾Ϳԣ䳾תһ룬Ȳ˵ǧгһǧڵȥĦºΣգ˵ղŵӣʮӶҪ¼ֵ˰
ؿϺԶ䳾ֱţ
䳾⸱ģԶķ볤۾ˡ
뿪֮󣬷볤һֱԤı̫ͼǧڵĵӸϺг֣һֱûҶ֡ڣ䳾С˵ֻһٱիƹ񡭡
ûᣬ볤һڽ棬Ҫ͵شܳȥ
Сﾡͷһŵ÷볤ϸæɲס˽Ųϸȥԭظˡ
ʱѾĻԼװ磬װ·żһ̧ͷѽСҲְˣ
Թ󽫾ҳԱڣ΢΢Ƿ
䳾۾һ֮ûо˳ۣ
ȻҹĽͽһ񣡡䳾̫ͼ·֮ǰ̫ͼһҪʦУҲҪʦ£񣬱ӹٽ겻ɣͽ£
С⣬ôˣ
װʲô֪ӣ䳾
䳾ȴûһҷˣضʦʦ䳾ѾҪ󣬽̫ͼ͸ˣ䳾зԵ𣿡
ܹ䳾ɿȥѰϺˡ
ѾЦ˶ӡ
һжԤ֮УһðϺм䳾̫ͼ͸ġڶԼ棬ӵ˳µؽջ̫ͼȻһ£䳾İ˰ӣûٴ̫ͼһӣ׬˰λֵİ
䳾ôɵѾͷ벻׬ǮҲأ
ЦԶķ볤ҲЦ
ȼǷ䳾ʵ̫öԸˣ볤ɺ棬ϢشƹȻŵ󿿽߸߾ƣ
Ѿ׹ͻ⣬꣬׻˫ֻҪһ׻ƴȥ;·̫ͼҲ͵ˣ
ʲôѽ
ʱͻȻ̫ͼ˿ƺûϳļֵ⵹һźǡСǧڵŵӣǧڵĳˣΪʲôҪ͸ʦһأ
ѽ
ȻһĶͷããһ䳾ıʦҿɲף
־Ͱ̫ͼ˺ˣس䳾뿪ķһĭСΪҿǧڵĹϷߺߣ˺ˣʲôݺʦ
˵ﳤȥ
˺̫ͼ
ߺܾúܾã볤ϻŸ߾ƣҪĶֱѾᶯˣҲתˣȫļⶼˣ
볤ֻԼҲ˺ˣΪ˺Ĳ̫ͼϣʱӷٳΪŴӵĻԵ
Ҫ˵ڵĶʮλϣ˭ңȻǷ볤
ֻлʵȴƤڳϵλϣ
̫ͼѾûˣ±Ӱɣ
ƺ˼ʮ궼ûбĳ볤ббػ˼ۣͻȻһѪ˳
ȻԵڵأһһѪƤѾɫس鴤Ҫǣ׻˫ղ˹ĵزͻȻ˴̼ʽûзӳҲסˣȻ꣡
⻹Ҫʹģ볤ʹĵطģ
ոտһϣȴ̱һ˺飬˺ѷεʹ࣬ľģİ
ǣ뿪һʱֻ֮ˣһ볤ϵڵϣߵ·˵٩֣㿴ǼһһëͷСĴ磬ƤƵſڵϳ飬ٺ٣϶һëͷС˷ˣ˴ƨ
Сҿǲɻ
ѽǲǰٱիƹ𣿻ɻţȻĦµķ볤ϣ
Ҵҵ˹ط볤ϣ볤ϣ볤ϣôɻ˴ӣ
볤ֻһЦеļЦ˵ã˵תһûˣͷȥ

ڶ峿ݴһϢ
Ħ´ϣʮԪ֣Է볤ϣȻ˲ɻ˸Ź»裡
ȻϢϾˣĳĻմ˵ͼӴ£һڷ볤ϲɻɷŰ¯ˣʲô볤òò˵Ĺ¡һҹʮɣݵķǴ˵ʲôϵ׳䡷ƵĽű˴ݵÿһС
ȻЩϵʧԺ볤ϵĸҡҵģǷ볤ϵ״
볤ʮˣϲȥ֮תȻƵ߻ħͬʱз磬Ӷ̱ˣ
ۿ볤ϣĭɢӣȻһ̾
ֻһ⣬ǸĻĳλմˡ̧ŷ볤ϻصĦ£Ȼ˲һѻյ˷ҵҩĲֿ⣡ͬʱָ͵ٱիóᣬһҹ֮зҩƷ
볤Ҳзҩģûܰ޸꣬עûϣˣ
һУˡ
ӷ볤ٱիһѾƻȸ볤һϣȻ˺ϣˣ㲻ܰѷ볤ϵҲҪ°뱲Ӷù
ɱģѪ
С۾ĺбԶԵḻ́˸֣
볤ϲ֮ĵ峿еķ
ϣʦ˵ʲôźأ
ϣĦű䣬΢Цһⳡ棬Цĺϲ£죬ƺҵ䣬˳Ҫ͸ͽˣ
ٱիһ׻ݣ˵ģֻ㲻ӣôô׻ݣ
ûм䣬顣
۰Ͱ͵䣬ЦҺͰٱիںϻ⣬ֻճɱۣ
ԭˣǺǣֻҪ·ľͺã˵ͷֵյ׻ݵʱΪʦѾչӣҲ˸ٱիȥˣĦҲǷ˼ҵ
ޱ߼ʵûӪлԽˣʦҪֱ˵ͽѾȲˡ
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125 ѱ䣨1
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126 ѱ䣨2
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볤ϺȻ˵ϵʬ壬һʮ壬ʮһˣһš
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128 
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ǰһ·ȣǵǰʽòһˣɳǰ棬ʮ֮ڹźɫ磬ʪɳر紵ɣһƽ̹Ĵ·ֱֵܷٶ˵սӣһߣһžͼԸһӷڶӣ׶γ棬ĶӶϺ󡭡עΣ
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ںȻɵǼɨɮҲ˵ţʦȻǿ󣬵һ㣡ٻʱǵɢÿһͷϣȴûжھǸռӣ
۾һȺѾ˵Լǰһ׷˦ȻȺɢĻᣬ
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һǧǰЭ
͵һ٣һǧǰͲ֪ʲôʦЭսܹ
ţ·ֳĺӰֻ򼣬ͻȻӵð˳ʮ׳һֻƳȦסһֻſȳǯ죬ݺҧĲӡ
ֻܲһϣըԴȻԼѪⷭɵʱͻȻϮ򼲻֪ʲôԣȻһţ̵Ȼֻ﷢䡯һ죬λͷ׿Ƿðɺ̣ȻͰȻؼ
򼾹Ȼ
һдд
Ϊ̶ȵʱһͻȻ֣ȻٽڵݺһײһֱƵسϡ
ۡ
һѪص˵ϣֻҲѹϣһǯסһԴϣʱԳԵԴ
̫޴ˣĮȻλʮ꣬һһԪ϶ΣҲԪڣһԪ¶ΣȻҸֻԪ϶εⲫǲ֪η
ǸЦ
Ҳ֪ܣ
ε˿ѪȻ̧ͷ٣ڿԸᣬϷˣˣ
˵ֻҪٿϻʱԼԼͻзΪʤĻᣡ
Ŷˣ
ٹȻ˼̧ȣϣҪйһеļүѾλѵˣɱҵλѾȻķ򣡡
ããʦȻ򣡡ٲ˵һԡ
ߣһͷ򼣬ѣȻûһλ̵ʹȣҲгֵĻᣬôҽõʳָһλѣͬ𣿡
򼾹ȻԻص˵ͷ
лĿôһֻʳˣ¶˳ϿҵЦݡ
˻ӣ˰ſףǰͰϣη䣡
ܹΪѵʳңҲعȻ벻ҪܾȻĶ͡
ĬĬĵ棬һֻ򼽫ۣۣۣǷİ̽壬һʼѪ޴ǯסĲӣֻѪҺͼԴ
û⣬ʮ֮ڣҪ촦
һ࣬ͷͬʱֵʱŵ˿ӣٿֻޱȵԼˡһڵϣֵԶȥ
һӣһ˺ѷεش󺰣ݺˣĭӺҷɣ˾һֻˮĴ
ȵùٶȣӳȥʮں潫˵ڵأһѪ
Ҫң԰
һһӵѪҺ˳ȥŵû̱˼󣬷ûзŹ˼ӸɴһɣٻвſңȻû㣬ңҿ
ûᡣ
ҿţʴҶү̫Ͼľ˾ˡɰ͵仹û죬үҰɣ
޵ķҲ˵
ûˣŬͣޣޣޣһڿڵԴĭ߾ү
¹ĭŵһ󺰣ֿЦ磬壬үүˣװһĭӣοοҪ˰ɣ
һЦס˶ӣģ̫
ЦͻȻֹͣ

Եİ
ͻȻ䣬ٴͣŹЦӣ﷢һ
ɴ۾ͺʦڡֻ춼Ҫѹ
ЩûɢȥޣһĽӲŤͷˢˢŰ
ʳ򼣬Ҳֻʵ̧ͷŵһһɪɪ
һĭ㣡
ԭڰ˵仰ʱһĭͷϣҲǳϵءأ鴤ĭˣ


131 һĭ
ʲôˣôûˣ
ڽǶȣûһĭĳ棬ֻòɱԼͻȻˣʧһƿ򼣬
ĻףҲȥܷٺˣٵƳһְۣԼֱߣȥ
ץңץסֱۣ˦ԼϣȻȾܡ
٣ɽģˮ´μ棬ƶɮһÿ
ԽԽ죬ʧֵɫ֮С
ֱʧܾãٺŻָʶ
ղšʲôˣԼ۾
ۻˣ˦˦ͷǾֵزһͨӣȻһĭԪڣ˭¶ɵӵģ
˿ϵʬ壬ȷԼûۻߵܹ򼱯ʹޡ
ڲǿ޵ʱ򣡡ٴ󺰵ˣ
бץҪ飡
Ĩᣬкһֻ򼣬ѣҲǹͬѾˣңһҪ򣬴Ȼû⣬ÿһĴ𣬱Ȼɣ
˹һһ޷ֽ˵ϵʬ塣

ԶһƬʮַ̽ٲû׷׵׵˿
ɣʦ̬㽻
Ĩ˰亹ĺϵķţ㿴Ϊʲôӳ
ңҺ񡭡ҲԼʲôճմүһۣһʼұɵˣȻ˵ʴҶү
һһӵع˸ղŵĳ棬ָָԼıӣүһĭ򼣡
һĭ
Ȼо򣬲ܺʲôԣҲ̫ˡ
췢ģһͷβͨˣһףǸũ򣬱սүүľߣүүǺǻҶûʣ¡ģֻһͨˣڰ˴ֺϵһ飡
ɾôһӣʺѬ죬һĭԪڣ
ĺı˼£ץסĲʵ˵ǲʲôʿ֣ðˣңʲôϷ糾İϷ
үɲԩңָԼıǣҪǸ֣ܱ𣿸֣ҲҪ氡
ǡأҸͨˣﲻһǣ
죡үҸ˵ʵˣǸŮҤ㣬ҵģʱ͸ˣǸŮ֣Ůģ
Ҳǣ°ͣûеõֵıʲôϹ֮ģ
үҵļҲ㻹֪𣿡
ѵ·ϵĶһһǰ
ϵĶ࣬СѾߵ飬ƱͷһˮоĺɰٴʯԼʢˮ˫ֵϻ
үԼɣҾôЩʲôϹ
޻˵ˣ
ûκβ֮ڵĶҲб¸ɵԪڰһʲôԼ©ĵططһͨˣһĭɵһֻԪڣ
ս֡
ʱļ飬Ȼվ£ʬѾƬѪģ
нˣѾȵĲͷˡ
ţ
ıֹܹ֣Ҳܹ֣ͻȻ뿪ķˣˣˣͷȻкһֻ򼣬ѣѾ˲ˡУҪԥˣ·ɣ׷˵ĲǱΪǵиۣ
Ƭ̣ȻȻظ棬һ顣
ʲôȥپֵش󺰣ɲܶңޣڴսˣңҿɻȥ
٣Ҳɱ㣬Ѿǿүүˣ
ͻȻתȵΪ㣬Ѿʦϣ˴Ȼķ򣬹ҹԶټ㣡
ʲôˣ
ٴ׮ϣǰ濴˿ߺֻһƬڵ֣ٿ棬˫ɫ۾

ٴ׷ȥ

ļ죬Ͱҹޣؿĵ㡣
ӵͼϿĵһʵĴɽɽٲֱ£γһˮ̶Ϊɽ̶
λžͱ̶޺ԪľɽС
ӵҪһ·̶ĿԽԽҲޣڵĵ˱ǧڵİɱ鷳Ԫɱһֻˡ
˵ڶ磬һڵӣ˵Ѿӹ̶ˣڳﻮͻ޵ߡ
ûпСãһɴ£ٶŮ
ѯʱ˱ǵɫɻǰ컹ǺԸǣϷȥˡ
Ϸ
򿪵ͼһȻһֻͼϵϷһƬɽصػʮɫǣԼһӲӵͷ
ɫʾΪܼΣ֮أͷʾпϷ֣
ޱȥˣ
Ůʦƶɮòٶ˵Ķ飬Ͱ
Ű򶫱׷ȥһ˱еõ˰޵ܺ
ܺת޲ûдԵɣֻȥϷϡ
Ůʦʲô
òԥϷ׷ȥ͵Ӫʱ䣬ǲ׷޴ٶȥðգҲĲ£
һһǰޡ
ˣ
ȻԵ̧ͷһǰһСϪһǧڷεϪˮȴԵ˰ߡմѪۣϵĹͷ¶ü飬Ȼһ˵ǧڴ
ͰֻС۾ͬʱһԴںǧͻ֮ѾĬˣѹΣһһսҲ׬˾ŰӣãŪһذǧؼ
Ϲأ
Ȼû۸˵Ծ㲡ǮһľӾͳ嵽˶档

ӴźХķѾһ׼˹Ӻͼӣ͵Ű·ѹβƱˡ
˻һֻ֣ѵЦЦ㡭ˡУһһ㡭㣬ȥȥȾС
һ²Ҷľ룬İͣ˵ϣС˵䳾
ˣ㡭ܿס˻ȥнץȾѪš
һǧڲĻļ˵ǣ޺ԪľѾҹˣǵǿʽ£ɽ٣ڶڴɽݵĵ֮Уǣ̶޷߳һȱڣ
ʱŵľ˳ȱڳ棬Ԥƺܾܿȳˡ
˿Цеش˵ڶţûüһԵİΣعŹֵش˹
ү㻹˵أҿҲ
һɫʯͷŹֵҴͷѳģ㿴ǲǺɰٴʯ
ɰٴŤͷһɫʯͷҹͼָҪ߿麣ɰٴʯ֮һ
̵ĹʺˣҹңʿţĸֶûŪĶԼȻϡͿŪĿ飡


132 Ļ
ɰٴʯڰ¿ڴ˵ڶš
ǧڼλϾһܼϸ䳾⼸š
һ죬䳾ǧڵĴɱޣһ·񣬵͸ϵ̶
ڶ峿ǧ̶ܹΪ˷ֹͻȻԮλȥϷĶ򣬴䳾һٶӡ
ҹ̶һʮĵطϮλϵս䳾һλ˸ϵɽ档
磬䳾ڴɽϢȻܼд
֣֣֣
λϣյ鱨Ӧü̶ǹȥ죬䳾Ȼ˱̶ҪޣصϷĻĲݵء
̫ˣϳϺͷ糤ѾսеһٶʮӣҲֻʣʮ˸
ҴĳϹ۲죬ϷΪŹ֣ޣδҰˣƺڽĳֵʽ
޳֣䳾Ժ
һοհ֮䳾дһμ¼ѾҲ
ӳ֮ĵ죬ҹӸոͷ޵׷ɱ˳ˣеֻʣҡ
սУϴϵõһɫʯͷжϣҹҪĺɰٴʯ

λϣϷ֧Ԯ䳾ۿ˱ļλţ
λѾ̶ˣѾ޵ķ²ǵλţĦµλţ
壬̶ݡ
ּȻֹ⼸μ¼ʲݣʱȳＸСʱȻ䳾޵ĲвϷ״֪̽һܡϧûд꣬Ͳ޷²
μ¼ɫҰףд鷳ˣ
ҲһԿżϷ̶塭ɰ͵ģ϶ʲôڱıҪ̶ɵǧڵȫ񣡡
үզ죿
ȥϷݺݵһĹͷ̶ҲûϵҲܲʦ
ǣϷ
Ǿȥѿڶ
ֻһ佹һ̾Ϣ̫ͬѣΪѣΪʲôҪأ
º͸һٴжϣ˲ûж⡣
ǡ
һʮˣһϮͷڰ䣬ŨŨǸǵš
ȲЭǣ߻һֻܣ
ܺںģֵľǸĴһŵİɫͷϻЦشŷһڴԼһ˦ͷϵëһĨԼΪѵķ̬һЦع𣚣ں֮ޣŮӺϡСüˣɣ
ᣡ
ЩһļƤ񣬲ˣң֣ҿеģ
ҲҲߣֻ̨֮Ҳ
˼˵Ųأˣߵİ
Աһ£ݣӼ߸һĴ⣬ǺܷϹܵ۵㡣
ɰ͵ģҲеİᡣ
غ
ԹбﾪȵĴԼ԰һ˵𾪣Ȼˣף޶ۣǧĿһã
˿Цҡͷ˴һ۾Ķⶫİ¿˰ӣͻȻصһţգʹգҲɷСɷСҲ
һֻܣ·۾קģʱʱ¶һĨµĴ󻨿ãⳡֱ룬ƶɮǲΣ
ǺǣλˣҶͻСֳһЩЦĪ֣Ī֣
ǸЦЦ͵׷Ϫߵ߶ֻϵһɫʯλ̨
ǳźɰٴʯģһٺ٣ҲȻûˣ֡ޣ
˹һֻܽжӣǻûĶޡ
ԥƬ̣ͷǣλĪҪţе޲ͬṥࡣǷϹȻλ̨֪Ǻɫʯ䣬㲻ŶλˣֻǰΨһ桭̨ˣĪ˵֮£Ψˣ֮ң
ѣ
γΪѣɵ׷֣˵ʵҴûм壡
̨Īˣ
ȵҸСطСţҲСɣ̨ϣϢ֮Ҳ
Ȼ˵ҡ壡
ļҴط
ԹƤһըˣϸ˿ܣͻȻ֣⹷ܵƤë泤һԲĵɫƬԴͻСֻССĽǣ
ٿˣ˵塯֪֮ݰ¶Цһγ̾
֣㣬㲻ǡ˫ȷˡ
ԣԣ˿Ц̨֪ˣǣʵһ鷳ߣгҵ֣㣬ңã
̬ºͣûƾʵ˺Լ˼˿Ȼعֵ֣ˣҲ֪Ǿͼڣ
˵꣬С۾зˡ
̵ķˣƶɮȻһûдô׶񣬷ܺ˵ӣ
ǻʲôϵıô׬һƱ
ţߵԽԽ죬æٴ׷֣û˵׵ģôһˣ
ϢȻҵѣ
ЦЦȻǸ̨ƺʹ˱
ҵ²żż˵ҲŹƶ⣬ƤȻֽһѣܵʶʶֹգ
ҡ֡ǣЦЦָŹܵȮӣɽ
һ°ͣȻһɽһ飬պ裬С֮Ҳ
ŶŶ๫ӣͷѧǵӵС˹ܼҰҲ

ܵС۾̵ԲˣƺʦʦɣĽ̨ĪҪ٣СţȻһҲ
бҪƭ𣿡֣Լòƺܺ䶯
̨̬ҲΪת𾴵Ĵ鷨ңѦ̨е
һ죬鷨ֻϰʱĸƷĴ鷨ҵҲĦµǴȥģ治˼ϡ
ڵдԼ֣ϵĴ֣Цʷѣ⾳ʮ㣬̨һֺ֣Ĵ鷨ҵ֤
ͬ·ǿ鷨֮ΪѵĴ鷨֮һ޲̨ѾԻˣҪȥϷѰǺɫʯ̨Ƿ㣬һͬ·


133 Ϯ
ҹɫµĴɽС
Ͱ͵ضһô棬һֻסؿڣһֻſɬľһʱɫǣȴӵСá
Ķ棬ɽҡͷԵ̾Ϣ仨⣬ˮ飬κΣҲغգ֮ңʹգϧգ
ˣʫˣһҪʺ
ԶԣعЦദ˼ʮһ
ʵϣҲ˺ѡ
ǺĵˣʱദʵһȤļһ
Ļ˵κǣ̹ѣֲСڵĻˡ˽ѣ֮ġ·Ҫû۵Ļŵ㣬ԲῴһۣҪǺйͬĻȤƷֲ̫ͻ̾ܰ㵱Ī֮ԣ
ˣȤ鷨
ٺ٣벻ϰĸƷȻܴѡ
һ뵽Լϰʱ֮࣬õֿİֽëʹһ󳵣оޱȵԺܺһֵܣƾĿ汾£
ԶʺȴڴƳ⣬˵оҲҲҲ
ոպȥһ̳Ҿƣ״شЦ
Ҳݺһ鿾⣬Цĸ˵ţЦ̫񲣬Ц˿ô˵ֵܴںȾƣڳ⣬ģ
ģ
ʵԽԽ˳ˣԺһôԣ̬ʵ֣մ˾ʫһףڴΪʺƸ衷
˵ţӺīд¼иʲôĿݴ֡
д꣬һ߷Ȼëʣˢˢд֣鷨Уҵģʺ֣ʷ࣬īϲˣŶԵһкǧʺ֣
ûʲôԣ˷ǵѣ̧ͷһĴ֣ߺգգ˺֣ȥ䣬ǹӿһһſڣһŴɫ˳գۼͽپ
һʲô·
ζôɽ紫ıأ
˵һ룬ͻȻ
ôˣ
ֻ˹ӣȻ̾˿ɫʧˣ˳ʱӡ
֣ҵѣһ£
ڲݵϣݸһ̳ӵҾƣȻ˵˺ѵͼʦ𣿾ʦһˣŲã
ʦʦ˭һ㶡
ʦڵš
ȵȣԽĳԾˣҴûץ֮˵
ץʦ
ʶ鲻ԣ͵ȡڵľļ㿴ŶΪǧޣѼλ̶ִ䳾żϷ춯Ҳ˼𣿡
һСбºǧޣЦԷǣ֣ڶ޻أ
ô˵޵һж޹أ
ӽ޵һӵ˵ĸ˵һڿޣȻ˵޹أ
ѵӵ鱨ˣ
ǧڼʮ֣ͬʱôŪǾǡ
һ滹һ
ȻУƺʲô飬˿鱨ƲһЦоַˣҵܵܺ쵴֣
ܵܣץʦʲô
Ӧĵ
赭дĻشЩһƨڵϡ

ģ
ʮǿһ֮ףǶǵˣĴ˵Ҫǿģ
һƽӪսۣôʣ
ֻԼһЦòϣγޣԲеô򵥣
ʦǸзϵĺԪڣô֮һЦ
Ƭ̣ɬ˵ˣȤһҵĹ𣿡
˵

һ̾ȻҽŰٶʮˡ
ʮʱһܵܺ쵴Ҳһ꣬Ҹĸɱˣֵܱ˵Ķǵ޴󽫣ٸŮУ
ԺľŰĴĻǿ֮һͬҲĵĸףТ˳Ű꣬βܵ񣬰ƽ˶ʮһң޶˵Һͺ쵴ѳìһĵķ߾ͱɡ
ʣҶԵĸˣ
ͻȻȻޣǶһǧɣǵޣףܺ鰮֣
ԼؿڣŰٶʮʱҴɣΪҰһֻѵǵޣȥĸĸһӣǾȪĿ
ȻľͰ̽
ҡͷʱѾȨƣһЩˣڼѵİ£Һɽĸ׹ǵӡֱȥ꣬³
³ҪչذͻȻ֣˵̨٣Ʒ࣬ͳδ½ǧҶڴ½棬ԹʹݣԣѡΪݵĵ½㣡ɹˣ̶̼£Ѿʮ޴ԹŰĻᣬǱ˴½
˵ţָָ£֮ƱҪѡһݵ㣬ݣѡĵһ޾ݵ㣡Ҫ󣬱ڰ֮ڣǧڣռݣ
зһУǶǵı
Һͺ쵴ǹݵȷ٣
̾ϢΪ˹ݴݣҺͺ쵴˺ܳʱ䣬ȻǷ֣ǳǿƵѰ߿麣ɰٴʯںǧΪһЧ쵴һãҵĿ麣ɰٴԴնǧļ̶
ŵľȻˣǺ쵴Ѿ̶壬ֻҪھ̶ͻᱻĺɱ˴룡ͬʱ쵴ϷܼޣֻȺ׷ʹΧھһսԳ׻ţ
յֱĹͷ
̫Цˣƶɮֻ뽻ѣȾʦ󣬾Ȼ޷ʷս
ˣ쵴ѺʦȥϷˣʲô׷ʵ
ҾͲ֪ˣǰѾͺ쵴ˣ
ݺݵغһھƣɬҡͷŰֵ֪ܰΪʲôͺ쵴𣿡
棬ΪҶԶݵ·ϳˣ룬쵴ɽ壬Ҫһֶӵġû뵽Һ޶ں쵴ǰʱȻָΥĸɣҪȫҵͷ­ĸ磬ȻĸɵϣȻ޶ȥһɥĲĵܵܣ쵴֡ӱɱˣұŶ˳Ҳֻʣ˰Ƕ쵴۶ˣ
˵ţÿԼͷϵķֻͷѪܵİ̺ۣ
ȻſڵϺޣ޵ɤɳƣ޵


134 
һʱ䲻֪ʲôˣȻ밲οҲĵ
ץȥˣǵĿռݡ׽ЩؼѶϢ˵쵴Ҫʲô˵׼ȷĸ
ˣҺɰٴʯʲô
ʶʱ׷Ѱǧڳϵĺɰٴʯ
Ҫ𣡡
ɫʵҺͺ쵴һμɰٴʯʱ򣬲֪ʯͷʲôãǺĴ˵߿ʯͷǳҪҺͺ쵴߿麣ɰٴ겻񣬾
Цߵʱ򣬴Լҵ麣ɰٴû쵴һ鶪Ҫú쵴겻ĵľ֮£
ԭҲ֪ɰٴܣֻǵظ𣡡
ͷҾͶ֪ˡ޳ֵ߿麣ɰٴһں쵴Уһ飬㶪ˮǧڵĳϼˣ
߿麣ɰٴʯѾ䣡
з۾룬Ȼ֣ǲõԽĺɰٴʯԽϣ𣿡
ͷ
ٺ٣ˣ
кȡһ麣ɰٴʯʱƭ㣬ǧʯͷ
ӤȭͷСĺɫʯͷ㵰ΣЦ˵ҲҲأԭףʱһѣңҲ˵ʵ򣬡ֵܰʯͷóҵˣ
ֹأ
̵شӰóʯͷһһڿ֮麣ɰٴҲϸղһ飬Цɣ
ʯͷɫͱü֣Ŀʯͷȫ͸ˣʧֵܣȫˣ
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ĦĿʯͷ۾Ȼ۽Щʪˡ
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֣ﾹȻ麣ɰٴ˿ʯͷȻؿ˿֣ɩӱĶ
ŰɣԵɵ˵
˵ţкɽָɽ£常
ȻҲɽعҾ常ϣСɽɣ
Ķӵĺ󱳣ЦֵܣӣвͬӾһ֣Ȼһͻ˵ʮͻʶ֣ʮѾʫʸ踳˼ǧף飬ǸʲôɵӰ
ַ˶ӱϣû취ɲˣպɵӾ鷳ֵˣ
֣ʲôһ˿˼æ
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ҪҺ쵴ƴôǶûˣʲôԸ쵴
ҵ
Цķǳ̹ȻȻֺˣ֣һֻһѣҲֻһӣ֮֮
˵꣬һɫĹâѤҹƲ㣬һֱϵİӰ
֣쵴һս֮ǰضϮ쵴ĸӪأӪʦҺ棬ʦ̾ߣмǣΪԪ֮ǰҪ쵴潻棡

ЩˣʶһҲ˵ϼﻰҲЩˣȻദʱ̣ܶȴһӵĽ顣Ȼںߡ
ϷɽЩ죬޵Ҳڼر仯̶һľ죬ֻɫĻֱʣƺǻɽˣŵڶ죬޺ɱ̶ķŵĵʬ壬ϵ˺ҧ̳ԡ
ְ죬޵ļӶѪɫʱܿһֻǶϱ۴Ư
Ȼ̶ھȫûˣѲʣڵӡ
ֻǵùˣɽ֮Уɱ¾ص̶ƲƲ죬ʼ磬ûк׳־ֻ룬ݺܿͻΪ޵ĸݵأôƶɮǲҪأ
ǰ濪·Ѵ֮ҵ˼λš
һգɱ¾һɽȣһص޲кУ˵صʮ͵࣬Уβˣڰ״̬
֮صߣָɽȵʦǰˣ֣Ҳ棬Щˣ쵴Ԯʱп֣ܳ
лˣٺ٣ɽţȥʦϲɽȥ
·ϵʱɽ淢һֵܹ¡
ղţղŷʲô
ֵţХѵģ˸ղŵĳ棬ȴԼ۾
֮ǰһǧͷѺϷ·˵ҪȥһΪ쵴ǾɽϢʱһɫɱ˳̶ӣһǧͷȫûλҲû˿Ѻߡ
ǡþˣһλǧڵſ˿Χʬ壬ͻȻӦˣϲʲô߰
˭Ҳ
Хŵش󺰣һղŵĳ棬һɱޣֵʱǺܹգ˵ǵӣüͷҲòһ䣬һһֻޣƾʲôǣλţ᲻ܹݵ壡
һ˵Ƕ˵ǣ޵ıǶ޷ӡʵˣߣҲû뿪ޱصް
ô죿ݼţǾ𣿡
λŻ࿴˿֪˭˵һ䣬磬һ߿壬Ҳһǲȫû
⣬˭ߣ
ǺȻûˣĬƬ̣һǧڵŵ˶࣬ѡһ
ٺ٣ڵ漴ЦΪ˶࣬ӦˣǧڣˣȻھͶ֡롯жˣ
ô㻹ܲɣ
ʹ򣬷ҶǱӡͨˣţĸ
ˣһϵƣ֪˭˵һ䣬ðǾ׿֮ѡһûмֵˣ
ûмֵ׼λŵĿѲһȦȻϡ
ǣʲô
˵ߵ䳾޷²֮䳾ͺͼλŹѺһϺеķԸǳչˣ˵ĹϵѾ൱Ǣˡ
ȥ䳾ǰŭȵǻҪҪ˾ŸţǾȻһмˡ
žХݺݸ䳾һƣѾͷﲻǱǶĳ㣬ȥ
ϣλ֣ʲôأĦûô
ܵ˽ǰɨһλš
ŵ۾ˣХ죬ЦѽѽԭĦˣӪйһǰ빦죬׼ƥŶӡ߰죬ûԶ·ˣ
λźʲô˰ɣ
ԭ뽫ȫߣǿղŵĳ棬ƲһЦǸղŲ˵ʦߣǺãСֶǵֻʦߣǡٺ٣Ϊ֮ˣ
˵ţ˻Եֿ䳾СղǾ仰ķϣɽ£һʹˣߣ
䳾Ȼԥ˿Լ˫ȡ
ϴһӼм䴫ȥס˹ǽڣȻ˺Ҳû·ˡ
ӷƶɮǷģ
䳾չҲ˼ڱϣֱ䳾
㣬ᱡң䳾ûб˱ʱ
ڶ㣿ƲƲ죬첽ܳɽȡ
źڵĳӷ֪࣬оǣǴҲ۸ȵǣ
һۣλֻ׷һ·֮Х컹ܸסĲȴһٶףеſڵϴеĳ󣬻Ź䵽ɽ棬һף˵Ŀɼ
໡
ʱһ峺ޣ
ɫӰĻ棬˾Ű׳һֻԶŴ˵
࣬ô
Ʋһ棬ΧסԶļλţȻƽ
죬쵴Х󣬷Ƶǰ壬Ҳٶᵽ˼£رܡ
ǵٶȶ˵̫ˣԲƣ

һŻ潵ٵͷͬһʱ䣬һ߻ɢ˻棬˷ŭ쵴ɣ
ܾˣ
ͻȻƲ㸩һյĻ𺣣ϣ۳쫷磬Ӱзһɫ𣬺࣬ͷ֮֯ս


135 ҹ
䳾ѾɵˣûʶشУô죬ô죿
죬һţ
ߴŭ䳾͵һ飬ĽǶȿ˫΢΢з죬ضסǰΨһĳ·ӾȻǴûмĸ;ȻòһٱϣҲûı飡
ҷϡǰһأ
䳾ðһܲʱ˵뷨΢΢Ŵ۾ֿܿɱ棬ŵøæ
ȫԻҵĽţ䳾ָ״̽Ƥ֫زס޲ȫΨһıϣҪǣǱʶҪһݣͶҧס
܇壡
컣
ȴ޷Ӧھֻʣһ뷨ܣܣ쵴ĿǺɰٴʯֻҪƶɮʯͷߣˣƶɮҲʱ
ٲ֮˰ɽɵˣܣ
ƴƵɽȥɽźŭĽɫâԻɱĸ֮𡭡
ӻ˵ӱʮ겻
ûʱ̫ˣһɽɽȥ
ǻû߳Զֻת˻޵ޣޣ
ڰͷһǽ¡¡ƽ󣬰ˣ𾦱ʨͷ񣬺ڻ񡭡ƺȫݵ޶
ɣ쵴Ȼ޴
ˣ쵴Ѿ׽̶ھŲϣľ֮һĵľӣ
һˣôսޣ
ݺһĭµأǲƴ﷢ݣԼߵԪɱȻҧɣ깦ܿԪɱƴħ֮ӹ壡
үæƴͻȻ󺰣ҲǱŻģ㣬ܣܣ
棿Ŀһֻյ޴Եһ֧ССľȺѸƽȻֻǧˣɱԶݣȺ׷ϣǱ㷭ɱٴǰ˵ȺһֻӴĸޣǾһֻССĺھط裬ʼþ޴򲻵
ǰ棬һ׳Ĺͷ꣬һһͷԴźɫĿ𣬡ϴܣ
˵ʱĸѾһһն󽣣߳λվȻ󽣿תγһϰգ˶Ĳ㱣֮С
ɳ壿ֵܣ
ϳԼĵϵݺݵһɳĹͷôˣ
ս֮ʱ̸ֻ
ȫؼףһײеɱ߳ľһ麮˧ɱȥ
˵棬߾ٳӱǰҶϺɱ
ǧ˵Ķһ֧С৵ؾ˳ȥ޶Ҫ׷ɱ󲿷ֶڹ˼սֳֻͷޣ޽תֱۣͬζϺͽǻܿս
֣ˣ
߰ʮ·һƬƽ˾ǰҲޱԵĻɳ˿
ʱֵҲ˵ǵʧɢ֮󣬰޵ĵϵԪɱڷ֣Դһ·Ŀƾḻľ¾鷢̶֣޶죬пһ壬ҼλҲȥϷ
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ˣǧˣϣŮʦ̫׬ˣ˵ԼĲʮЦС۾ˡ
Щ˶ŵĲбһ·һڷԣȻܻǵҳϣûʲôֵҫģ
ЦЦƳ㣬⣬һ˿ʲôʱΪʦϲѽ
һ㶣͵ʶ䳾ԼϹţ˵Ƽ
Ů⣬ûϵʧɫ˵أ䳾˵ϡ
˺ˣҲ˸ó׵ˣ⣡ЦӯӯתȥȫûгԴ׻߶ʼ֮ı֣˵һֱԹδ޲̲أԭˣ
ˣǡ
ᣬ˺ܾᣬɸǣԼ䳾ܣ޾ȻЦ
ٽһѾȥˣЦСȰɣ޺ԪҲӳˣҲǼ棬
ŶԶȥֻޱԵһӪأϷͬʱڵǧڵİ죬޺һüԼ
æӭȥ
մս޺ϷһĵɫϷҲ˼ͷһָߵİüˣǧԪ̶ºǧʱϣԪҵ
Ԫ䳾չ˵ȥˣ޺ʲô˵
ǣһ뵽ޣҲƴͬʱޡ
żˣ
˵һ룬ХȻղŽ˶Уһĵع޺ǰ̶壬ҺͼλŶץˡһк쵴ޣѾռޣ
޺ͫ׼
Хһĭұʱˣ쵴ҲѼɰٴϿкɰٴʯ
ɰٴĸ֣޺Ӳ˲ȵԪôɰٴһ
ôȥڸ䳾˵Ԫüͷ
ҹҵʹѾˣѾʧȥྫòɰٴôҹҽ
޺ӪǰڵţɱޣϧһдۣѰҺɰٴʯ
Ӫﻹ߰ǧĲбܽ޺ûһ˳
ȥô޺ŭȡ
ӪﻹǷǳİ߰ǧӶɵϣƾǵʵӮ޺
ʱԶͻȻҲɫӦǺ쵴Ҫֳʤˣⳡ棬ǸӲҳˡ
ԵļžУӪﴫһöЦ
һ˳ĻɳУɫëƤ멣һɫĹӳһ˫ҹհѤͷȴǰɫģ˫Ҳ𪾧ӨͬĴڰ׶ɫļ˶ԱȣȥʶĿһ˿Ʈɵϡ
ûм˧ֵزˣ
ɰٴʯˣ국һЦ紺ʢʹ˾ضһ̱ɫ
ҹү޺һЦȥѰҺɰٴֻǡ
⣬ѹ˿Գܵģ
ȥǵĵЦδʧôȥɱˡ


136 ֮
һ˶Ը⻰Х춼еͣ޺Ԫɫϲмҹү֣Ȼֵ
Ҫ˵ִ󻰣˵أ국Цʱ֪ʲô𣿡
ף޺ӷӦ죬ҹүֵʱǸѰҺɰٴʯ
ţ
ҹүͷ·ХߣĿХüĴͣƬ̣΢Ц޵ķӡ
ХæϹǣұһֻë뾭Ѿͨˣ
ΪҹҸˣӡȻΪ
ҹүָХüһžžžХıʮëεı飬ڻڻɳ֮С
Хƺһ̧ͷʱһĨ⣬ĺԪжʵˣ
ƺһ΢С£ҹүХһ΢Ц漴ԽԽߣԽԽߣȻ̤һ߽ޡ
һн鲽Ԫڶеѧ
Ŀҹү뿪޺ЦڵǣҹүѾԳֶԸˣǻҳôϸߣҹүѰһֺɫʯͷ
Ӫָ̻߰ǧӴ߳ȡսХ׷ޡ
ȻҲҪִʾԼ󣬵ʰޣŮʲô·Ҳ󣬾ȻѾԪˣ

еİ޷ǳĮ˵һҹУҹҵĶүԪڣԪڣʮǰѾˣڶķ㣬ҹеϺܶ࣬Ѿһʮ꣡
һʮꣿ𣿡ؿۡ
޸һֵĴ𰸣࣬Ҳ࣡
Ůûз˵ۡ
һЦ˵ɣҹҵԭ࣬ǱѡУΪʹߣԺһӵһ֮Ϊ塯ΪеѪͳߣѪǽɫģֽƽѪ塯
ƽѪ壿Ǽҵݣ
Ȼ⢾ǻƽѪ壬Ѿףֶûˡ
ƽѪʮ֧壬ֻ֮һʮһ岢ûѪԵϵƺʲôЦ˵ȤƽѪַΪңңңܹΣû֮ǰҵͷȻƽѪ壬ۼɡ
˵ȻһЦǺǣ˵Щʲôһʵε飬ΪԪ֮˵ɣ

ٴλصɽȵʱ򣬺쵴ľѾһ˲Ĺؿڡ
ֻ֮УɫĻϵ˸ܵ棬̾£ѾСһ࣬Ѿ˱ķϵֻƾҧצ˺ƻ塣
ҵĸӳֵζҧңԼ𣿹
쵴ȫռϷ磬ĵس
Ѿ˵ˣҧںβϣÿҧһѪҪѪеζջһƤʱͷֻʣ˽İ
ʱҹڵϵˡ
ԪǺǣԴʮǰɱ˿֮󣬾Ҳûĺöˣ
һ貵õ壬ͺ֮ųһɫĹţ֮ʲôסԴطֿˣ
ҹе֮両֣һֻץźǣһֳֻֽʰסĶͷ΢Цһ£ɰٴʯںɫϣ𣿡
쵴һ裬һβ˦ҹеͷ

ҹеЦݱ䣬ͻȻһָ˺üģˣʣβͻûӾʹֱ׹䣬ڵһɽ
һָģ쵴ϳһָã㵵ǻƽҹҵˣ
һ룡ҹЦЦһ룬㿴һнǲܲµó
ǺॣǺɫĹӳˣתۼ䣬ձƲܲϿվȻСꡣ
ˮؽ㣬ҹҵĵϵܹĻƽѪ壡
˵İ·ϣͻȻҹеĽĿҲ͵ͣסˣ
ˮأʡһУ񴫸ҹҵһ
ҹڰŵת棬Ľ£ˮһγһ⻬˳ˮĻסա
֮ˮĻһĵڣۣۣۡ

һΣѾ˵ˮĻնͷ­
ڶΣǺβͱˮĻնǺתҪӣˮĻӺ׷һֻצ
ֻ߰ӵʱ䣬һһˣ
֪ԼҹеĶ֣ԼĶβͶצԶȥ
ĵĺ󽫣Ȼҹһ̾ǣߵõô
˵ţˮɢ˿һС㣬Ӻ潫ϴˢһ顣
ۣ
ǾҵֻƬˮ䣬ƤⱻˮãټһȻˮɱƬ
Ͽ˺ɫˮĲк
콫ˣ
쵴޴סˣڸЩʲôⳡ棬ҹзȥ޺ԪʣµĽˣ
ǣ
ڸ޺վڵĲкһֺɫʯͷҳҺͣ
ԪҲЦʲôɱЩޣȥͬű𰡣
˵ĺ£߰ǧӳȺУ̶ģҧгݵɱޣ̰ͼ͵ģÿһءУȴǴһأأߵһɽ档
ͷ
̫ĿЦˣͷ­ԣߵЦЦ֣㿴𣿺׳Ҳҹ棬Ǹû㣬û˼סֻ֣ⳡսУǡɣ˵ʲôƵһ˿ˡ
ְıԼҪߴܶͷ쳤̾˵ⱲӾһѣһӣֵҲûĻˡһ·ߺãⱲӣҲֻһѣһֶӣ
࣡
߷˹Źֵ춯û⣬ıʹС
֣껹ûɢȥԶɣǾͼסܵظֱȥҵزȻҵš̵ģʲô
࣡
ִˣʲôڹˣͷһ
ǰҧס˺βͣɲɵģ߿麣ɰٴʯͲںβϣȻȻ
ʱĴ򣬵߿麣ɰٴʯ࡯ع˳űһԶĵط


137 ˭
ͨɫӤȭͷС߽ǲβ룬ƺĳʯͷѲƬģĵ߿麣ɰٴʯȫǰζӳ¡
ϲΪɰٴʯȼ߿麣ɰٴֱ֣½ǿߵУ㻹棬Ҳ԰ѾɵŻ
ԻΪ鷢չһǴҲˣ߿麣ɰٴԲֹôͼ򵥣ȻƽҹҺͺʿֳȻľǿбҪΪ߿ûôʯͷƴô
Ȼ黹ǱˣΪһ麣ɰٴġ
ɰٴ
ƿЦʱХ̤س˹ɰٴʯ£ϲ۾һȭͷҲݺݵսˡ
ôӿˣС۾һת˳ֽ߿캣ɰٴĨԼ
ˣҶˣХЦе棬ֱһۣ˵߿麣ʯ
ϣʲôæЦ麣ʯҷֵģŶҲзݣȷſ֣һȥ˵Ĺͻ𣿡
˻ХЦ˳
һͬ޺ԪӪʣʱҪôȥѰҺʯˣҪô׷ޣӪֻһЩ޷߶˱׷ţǵõɰٴʯϢû䶯
ʱӪ棬޺Ԫˮ鼫ȵĲá
ʯͬʱϣڼӽӪȼλţԪղųХ֮⣬ſɶĻ漴УûоȻ
޺ǺһЦʲôѾˣʣµҲں֮ڣʱѰҺɰٴʯҪģ
ҿǲӪЩˣԪЦƴѾǰڳﱸЩˣҲû˾֣Ȼһ֮λˣ
˵ﻰô
ڻ䳰ȷŽӣһӵλҹү»˵ҵʯ̸֮ȥͬʱַֺʯĵӣҵõҹҴڵһн
ҹҵĽĽȻվΪҹ˵Ҫ͸ֺ֡ɰٴˣ̾ҪȥѰҡ
ʱڶҲˣ˷ܵλҵˣҵˣХҵһ麣ʯ
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ݼλ
Х˳˽棬ﻹӣ˵˵
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ǿЦһֵģսĿУ
ֵʱֻڳ𣿡
ʵʱ޺ؿһԪһǳԵźţԪᣬɫ¹ؽжƽ֣һҪûе˺һ𣿡
Х˷ܵûУȻûУ˸ԼʵҵһֺʯҲʱˣһЩСæ
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Ԫͷ˳ȥʱ̳ҾƣЦλˣȺһ칦ƣս֮Һһ۹ͣ
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ǵıӰ޺ͻȻ׼ô
ȻΪҸղųȥʲôˣԪЦҲǳ䣬˵Ц˼ʮ꣬󣬾Ȼ
ΪͲؾˣ
޺ȻˣиϺʦǳ֣ҪϺг׾ѣ
ģѴ䳾֪ǺеҲѾԸȥˣԪЦԽš
⡣
˷ʧСܻŵĽҲǲˣ
뿪֮Х˷֣ܵȴûжЦݡںõٽֻͣҸᣬȥʬ
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ףǲȥѰҺʯôôˣХ˳ЩӶǸոɳȥѰӣҲǧһӡ
յõǧ飬ִһ
ͷĵ΢΢һЦͻȻХһϥϣˣХҰˣ
ϣǸϮڵô
Х첪Ȼŭ˫һ˦ˡۡ죬Ȼڣ
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𷴿ˣղźȵľˡʴɢûнҩⱲҲ붯ˣǧӽХڵأְ˽ŵ
Х켱ô췴ˣǧڵ췴ˣƵӪȡ
ͻȻ˵ȥˣ
ŷӦղźȶƵʱ޺Ҳڳµ
ȻХĺӪڵӺһøʲô͸ʲôûһ˹æ
һ࣬Ҳʧȥ˹ǧЦеϣл˵ҿ˴󹦵ˡ
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ǧѺɳĮ˿ˣͷĵЦ˳ĮɳǧҲûְܷɣ
ҪɱǣХŴ󺰣ҿڵߴ֮һûдҡ
ž
ǧһϣƥ㻹֪Լ𣿡ǺЦҹүһˣֻС֡ҵɰٴˣܵõһ󽣷Ľ
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ХȻˣҪɱԼڣð칦ͣҵɰٴģҪɱҲɱ١Ҷһ󰡣
źָҪ
˵ţӰסХļӿס˫ȣһסͣȻͷӸ߸һļ׵룡
ǰɣ
ХӹǰͻȻһٰʮȺۣ˶
ⳡ棬ðһ亹ǣǴԹУеǮһһһ
СһкܶණǮ򲻵ģǧӲΪҲģϺʦϣλɱ㣬
ҪʦķӦң̸ۣǾҪɱңô
Ѿȫ˼ӽˣ
νϺʦԼðģǾͿĳˣŽѺһʱ䣬Ϻиû߲ڣǶʱͻðɣзʬ
Ҫǣ˶ƣȫʧɸҲûѵϣҰ޺ǧҲǣˣҲû취Ӫȣ
Ψһֵҵģеıڰ麣ɰٴʯڱһˣ


138 ʯۣڶ꣨1
Ѻڡ
ϺеĴڣ޺ֻǽĦƣַ޵ʱˣʱڲ͡
ձʱϣһ֣ȴԽԽˡ
˹֪ԼͽˣҪ̽޺һݣҲ
ţ޵˼޺Ȼ޵ǧ߰ǧ˵ڰܽûеֿ޺Ԫڵڸλս֪ʲôʱܳĦ¾ˡ
ˣ֮ѡĦҲ޺εĽ
̶һսʧྫͳ˿ڣżһҲֻʣҵǿ׳ӣңҪȥʯҪʧȥ֮ޣͲɣ
£ǰֻɳٶˣĦ·ңͳڵͷžǿȨ
볤ϵȻ͵Ļᣬ»ܿ;ȡ˴󲿷ֵȨҲҪģݺݵظһѵ
ԴˣһЦ֮иû˵ء쵴ȻˣɴݻޣҲŹĸݵأŰɣһ֮ڣǵĴͻϴţ
ȻûаϢκˣ룬һȫսƶɮлߣ޺ԪǸƶɮƶɮûбҪǣǵЦˣ
ⰵյУӭһºһ졣
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볤ϵҪٳԿͷʵشһ⣬ɽׯӷ٣ȥˣ
ٻûлһ֣˭֪أˣ޷²ˣٺ٣ӢǷ˵ͷĸץѹկأ
㣡볤վߣһ󣬵ǣְɣ

̳˴棬ʲôͰʲôʵڴߵľ͵һ١
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ѽѽҼǵʱ˵ġҲʲôˣһϰߣ˭ҺڣҾ˭һӺڡѽǺѽ
Цеؿŵǳ볤ϹЦˣˣȰСѴ
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һӽ屻Ѻ˭ЦԷǵҡҡͷСôҲˣ
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ɵӣˣǱˣ
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ŮܲףԼȻһİˣѽ
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˭֪ȥҲûأ
Ŷ޺ԪأǻѰҺɰٴʯ𣿡
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㳡ϣһʮּϣƾĦӲιۣ䳾Ҳһԡ볤ȦȻЦǣⳡϤ𣿶ԣһǰҲЩˣҲƵĳ棡
ǽһССı仯볤ϱȻһǳСľ룬Ǿǣû취ٳҫˣ˽ʰĽ
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𼱣Ƚˬ
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һ뵽Լ⣬볤ϿĵشЦȻǣǵһǰ˵ʲôҪǣѣô
һָĳźõĵӣӴҪѣ
ãأ볤ָһӣҪǧУը𿾣
һأô볤ָ˵ӡ
ҲҪңңҡɫͻȻޱ䣬һһĭѿڵңһҪ


139 ʯۣڶ꣨2
룿
볤һ㶣ĵҲסˣղŶǰźõϷ룬⼸ӸɿȻһΪʲôͻȻˡ
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ԪھѾֲһǿߣǿ޺ԪڣѾܹһưԣǾ޺ҲҸԪĺ쵴棡һǰԪ쵴Ԫ۷ҹС
ʱԪڣҹиһʵײ㣡
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µǣһľޱ䣬ûзһһռнеģ
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𶯣ҹбֻж޴˷ɱޡ
ڵţ
ǺӰ˵ƺһǧŮˣѾڶǣĳǣǿѡҵҲԷֻ˵һ飬ߣ
˶٣ƮԶޣȤζҹУǰɱĺӺ쵴ô׸ôˣ
ô
ô
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ʱҹվһɽѲŰѰҺʯڵӣ޺Ԫߡ
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֮һˣ޺ɫޱ䣬ŵôܣɱȻĵӣ
ԪսȭͷҹүǾĵĶֻ֣ͷˣҺһ㡭ҹүʲô
˵ţԪҹз彣޺Ƿ񣬶ڻƽѪ˵񣬼ֱǲĴ裡
ҹǸλɱӣ֮ҹˣһתӴĩ꿪ʼľǿߣǰǧֻ꣬дĿ棬̫ʥ˷ӡһΣҲֻһǧǰĴ񽫣ķӡ֮ʵ½ӡһΡ
˹Ķ֣Ҹ˵̫ʥ˸˼䣬ȻҪ棬òʧ
ҹүҪǲ𣿡
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˵꣬ҹȥֻһƮɢԶǰҹ˼ˣ͸ǣ⣬Ҹҹ飬ʺǰ
޺Ԫ࿴˿ظҹеĺ档
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Щùţ޺ԪϻˣҲû뵽Ŷ͸ҹ·ˡ
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⻰Ͷĵӱ𵶽òֿ
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ȻսǵҲᱣ̫õģΪߵʬ壬ֱ谮ʳ
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ݼţĻðɣﻹ䳾ɬžݺһ䳾ƨɣߴսһĿߣҺʦϵˣֻ书
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140 ʯۣڶ꣨3

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ʱһӸľģˣݱ飬ΪҪٷӡһô


141 
ľάŵɫȴˡ
ʷǣ޴ԿԪʮ꣬ĻҴǲ޾ͷ죬һմսʮܣıӡڶ֮ս̨ڣһ̤ݰ벽
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ԴƤȻǣ٣Ҳ֣
ЩأָָԼǧЩˣıҲҵı
ĿǧģĦ¹õɫ졣
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ƺǽƣص˵ͷһЦݣлˣ
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ҵҲѵغţǽϵװųһУ볤ͨڣǽҪͨʱ৵أǶסڣؿŲǧҵӡ
ĴˣǴӦ𣿡볤Ͼֵؾ֡
ĸûֻߵһͷʨ޴ĸߵģĦµս죡
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볤ϰûڵһĶͷո˵һһѾսˣԼҵķ־죡
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ž
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ǣǴͿԻ죬ǶĹضǿңӵضߡ
ҵԶȥͷҲصҵӿˣЦˣɵˣˣƺʶ˵һ仰ˣң

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ҵűѪȾĻɳиĳǵĴݣǧ곤̾ļо뿪޵Χȥηأ
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οЦô죿һɵӣ
ҲͷʹĴͷ֣Ҳ֪ôˣţҾȻһɵ꣡
ĦһսȻõֻ꣬顪߿麣ʯҹˡ
ȱ߷֮һ꣬ȻܵӰ죬ȥĺӣɽи磬ҪƬĵǣɵҪ찡ܽһ£ֻ²ͻȻѣ
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ڶ֣ģǳҪǱʶܵʱѡ
ǰĽģȻһ뿪ĵߣͱɵӵӡ
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ͻȻס࣬Ŵ죬ҧͷȻٺһЦܣܣٺ٣ܣ
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ңҲû취쳤̾Ҫκֻжҹȥĵ߿麣ʯˣ֮ǰ̰ɣ
̣ˣ֣Ҫ챻һһǧĴүǣӣز㣬̵ס𣿡
ɹЦȻɫ֣ڸˣһ׼ʲô
Ҫȥɽׯӡ֤ʲôԤԣ㿴εҡͷӣˣ𣿡
Ԥԣɵɫ΢΢һ䣬ǲһԤԣɢڴأѪȾӣʧȴǧĽܵ˼䣬塭
ϣ㻹أڨЦԣôһι滹һ䡭һʲôţ
ڽ̿ͽ񾭲ҲûסԤԵ׼ȷݡ
ּ⣡ͻȻӿڵ⡶ԤԡƪҪݣһ仰𸴻֮󣬽ּ⡭


142 Ԥ
Ԥԣɴ۾֣ôˣôԤԿΣٺ٣ԤⶫһҲˣ
ԡԤԡûȤ
¶˹ŹֵЦǰҲѡԤԡϣɽһǧУؿˣˣԤԣǾ˵صԤԣ
㻹ţ˵һԤԣ
ԳЦеֿǧĺڰʹһϺ׷űߣҫǰδй۷壬׷ѰǧֿգѪȵ˫ּ֣⡭ͻȻʣãԤ˵˭
һ㶣֣ԤԺû˵أ
˵û˵꣬Ϊ˵˭ٴʵ
˵ǡϸ׽Ԥݣ˵㣡
۾ԤԣԡԤԣѪƪһǧǰҾۼԤԣ
һǧǰԤˣŵ촽
šԤԡ׼ȷˣ
ЦЦǾʵʵ£ҰѡԤԡ˵

ԤԣԹʹھݵķˮʦ֮УܹоŲ֣Ѫƪƺ˵һܹʾ˾ŸˣΪˣˮʦţֻҪҵˣܿˣ仯
ɵұһǧ꣬Ҳ˼һǧ꣬Ԥԣܸ仰
һ䣬Ԥԣţ֪ŴĳԣҵˣҲѰ֮У
ŵ˼ǧҲûҵ𣿡ͻȻŵĵϹ
Ҫ˵ĵڶ仰ˣɵԤȻԵذʾ˾Ÿˣôʻɬͳ˵ңŵȷ˾ָ˭
ƪ˵ģʧȴǧĽ塭Щ˶Ϊ˵ǣó޵Ľֻһ𣿷ЩصĽʵ̫ˣ˵֮һֻмֿܰˣ
ֵҸղ˵ġѪƪһƪԤԣ뵽ңǣֻʧȥֻֿܻѪ𣿷ϡѪƪԤԵʦҲв٣
ʾԼף֣仰ʲô
仰ղѾ˳ǡǲǾãƪѪƪû˵꣬°仰
һĴȣԣƪԤԵĽβǡּ⡯̵ģʲôּ⣬ּȥʲôû˵
ԤԵص㣡
ɽ͵ԤԷŶΣÿһεĽβͬһ仰ּ⡯ƪԤԶû˵˽ָʲô
ΨпЦû˵˭Ҳû˵˳֮ҪʲôԤԡٺ٣湻ƨģ
ԤԵص㣺鷢֮ǰԶ֪׼ȷ壡ЦЦƨǣԤѾȱȫˣҲֻƪңֻеƪֱǡ𡷣Ѫа
˵ͻȻɵĺ󱳣ֵ磬
˵̸ʹ˱ϣЦ˳ˮתɵˣ֣Ҳû취Ŷ
ȻʧЦ۾ͻȻһЦˣҵиȷǲ֮һ
Ŷ㲻˵Ҳû취ȷ˵𣿡
УԤԱȴ
ЦŲԤԻȻһ壬ǻӡ֤ģ硶֮ġа˵ľѣѪָаջ󣬳ٵаħ˼䣬ּ⡭
ͻȻͣӿڵּ֮ͬ󣬾ûģ
Ҳһֻϰ벿ֵԤԣ˵ǣƪᵽãһаħҲ˼䣡ɵ͵ŰɣѾ˼ˣٵȵʲôѪָôʣе𣡡
˵ţԶ˺ĺæ˳硣
ϴѾ뿪޵ΧҲϢĲˣһ飬ȻóһŰ׾ˣ뿪ݵʱǽһڵرתǣĶˣΨŵͼ˵Ҳϵãø㿴һ
ͼչ˼ۣȻȫļⶼӲˡ
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ĵͼСֻС滭һԹĵطһɫļͷָ⻹мھ˵ǡǰ֮࣬ӦǶԹİ취
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С۾˸̰ĹâҲ˵ͼڵĵطһǿꡭԵҵĵ꣡
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ܹõȻǿһͼӣֻһԹԹʲôطʲôص㣬û˵ôȥң
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Ѱҵͼϵа飬Ц֣ҴӦ㣬Ҫҵ¶𣿡
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ı齩סˣҪȥһȺڽ̷ӵѣ

ٴλصʵʱÿ䳾ޣԼ
ǵı飬һˮɻͲ⡣
Թ̾˿ЩɻʲôʮΧУͻȻ˵ԣƵΪУ϶ἤ˵ĺģ
Ѿȫˣǽһ°ɣĦ£ʲôϵһʵ
ǰǰҵѾ𣿡Ȳſ£ӾҪݾˡ

ֻԥ˰ӣĻѻ׼ˣ˵ѽԭܼ򵥣ǡҲ֪


143 ˫
˵Ǵʵ治֪ôķġʣͱɵСˣ
㲻֪ɫһ
һʮ̧ͷΰҪƭǵĸ鰡
ңĲ֪̯ʦֻܸ㣬ϺʦһطˣȻϡͿرģ֪طʲô˼
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߿ˣЭ飬̸Ϻе顣
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һԥ䳾ϺҪǸҺϢңҾͲ׷ᱡҵˣ
ᱡ
찡ݴ½Ů̫⽨ˣǱ˼Թصͷټʦʱһ˵û
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æܾ󹫾˰ɣһҪȥǷأ
˵ţȻ٣Сǧڱˣٻ𣿡
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ʹ໴߳޳ʱɰ״СĴۣСèèƤһԹ񣬾ĸԣŮ½ιڴˮ֮һԶõĶʵ꣡
飺ҪԼʹø꣬ȻԸ

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ʺҫʱֻǷƵһƲ졪Ū˰˫ҫɣʣֻҿԣƥУ
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ĵЦͻȻ˴ݣʮǰɱ˰˫һˣ˰˫Դˣҡ㣬ҵˣ


144 ¶
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͸Įֱѵȴ΢΢һЦȻҵˣĵĿˣ˾ϣ·ȥң
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˾ϲǹͷЦȻǲǹ룡
ĸӵıӰʧĻɳ֮УûлԹҲû֪ǵһվȥ

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ʱ˼ٵһӴԹװľ˼Ҵҵش·
ǹٵ߹·˺ƽҲûϣǡ
Ƴͷľˣֻĸݣһ˫һֻüӥǣɴ˳ѵһɣ


145 Ҿ1
ܣң
սӾ׷˾ߣƥ۳ңЦ֣գ
ֻжʮͷüͷ͸䲻ǳǿЦЦ̨һм£뽻ѣɽׯ
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ȻҲûֱˣӿɽ̣ԽУ̵óһƣ㻹ûشҵأʲô̻ش⣡
˵彣̵·ͣΪõǴԾ߹ٵоȨκһ
о
˸æĩһɽ߾ĵı߷ְƷܣ뵽Ĺ⣬ɵĩļ塭ֱϵѪʮˣ˺ͼұԼǧˣ񵱼ҵҸף죡һһã
˵̧ͷĩѣ̻ؼң
ѣС۾зˡ
һɽ뿪ص֣ң˽ô
ҵ
ıҳһˣú˵
ǺǣðɣЦĴ壬ɽׯʯңܼңңļദ˼ʮ֪֪꣬ˣ
˵ҵʷ£ʲô˵ʲô
ؿǳϵļ壬ӵһʥʼѾ˽ʮҲֹ˵ղſһɽүүڴԪ˧ʮ꣬ʧƣֻһԪ¶ΣҪǼлмܶµĴұ˵ͱҸ̲ˣ
ұһ
һȴıȸʣҲʦֽʲ˽⡣
ָָԶһֵĴɽڶɽأһ˵ŵĸֲãˮѣڲ󷨣ѵʱֻҪأضöһĪչЦЦ˵ȤûбңҴŴ
ʲô
뿪ǵǰ졭֪˭Ϣ˵һΪⱦʯҵļ̳͵͵ؽأǱ󷨸档̳˱ˣʯֻúƤȥҷˣҾȻ˵Լ˶ȥˡʯֹʹʯұǿ׳뿪ǵʱѾɱҼˣ˵Ҫҵأǵļ̳˱𣡡
ҵôˣ
ͻȻĿڵļʲôŭ
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ҴҵĿʹľǻһŭ𣬡ʯҹȻأȫңΪ
֣𼱣ȥ
ȥʯҸɵ͸žԵ䣬ԳԵЦҵҪʯʲô·أҪñɱ׼

ʯҺҵһ£ǽ֪ˣ״˺
ʯҼ̳˱ĵʮһ죬ʮһ춼ʯүʯҲòԼļ̳ѾˣǷŭҷȫսʮĴսӵӣֻʣٶˡ
ʱʯҵĲѾסɽׯϾҵʳˮԴǲûмɱңǷų˵ֻҪҽı͸һ·
һ֮ܻôһ׮ֵǣһǾ仰Ǹ֪ʲôҴӶʮǰʼǵؾͱһɹĺˣҲ취ء
ʯȻ˵Ƿ˺ݻֻĿʱ䣬òɱȫң
ֻʣһˣ
ЩϢʱɽׯ
ѹѹľӽɽׯΧһˣھפߴһʮЦмɽׯĴſڣ˾ʯҵļʯ׿
ʯ׿Ŀ⾡ͷ˵صٶʯҵĵӣǱ̤
ƾһٶܳҵİΧȦɱɽׯһɽмֱ£ʯ׿ЦҲǸڴԾţһ취ҲûУȻˣͱɱҵѪˣ
ͬһҲصɽׯ档
յҴź棬һɽжȥսףεϵֻʸµһɽˣ

һ׷ԲԵ˴ó˳ݺһɽһͣŭúõĴھʲô𣡣
Ҷˣܲ𣿡һɽߵ
ˣҲˣ̾˿ָŴŵȻбɱ͸ϽɱȥӵԽԶԽãԶҪ
ûõģǳʯҲųģʯ˷Ҹɱȥˡһɽ΢ЦҶˣǾһˣɵĺܲͷڹ갡
ɵӡ
챧סһɽԴ䣬ݺᣬʵһ仰Ҳ˵
磬ˣ
һɽҵĺĳԱ˳ǰһʮСѾͷƤɰǻһĨĻЦƽʱӦǸƤĻʯҵĲΧ֮У۵СҲǳ
û¾ͺã
һɽסãЦЦϱЦݽӲһʮʮߡ
ˣôֻʮˣأأأأСأ


146 Ҿ2
ǶѾȦͨ죬ͷ˵ȥˡ
˶ȥˣһɽϥеǰץס˸׵˫֡
ͷöӿԼϵᡣ
شңҵأ
һɽɽׯʯҾӶС
ʯ׿Цһɽ֪ȥôţ㿴һ
һɽŴһ϶
ɽׯ棬ʯҵľѿһ·׳İһŵĴɽׯǰϵʬ壬ˣкӣҲŮˣѾȱȫĳʬ
壬塭
ϳϵʬԼˣһɽһ߿˴ţ彣Ҫɱȥ
һɽôס˶ӵļҧȥˣЩ˾Ͱˣ£ҿţ۷ʲô޳ɵѪᣡ
޳һɽµ潫Ҫʲôˡ
ֻʯ׿һ֣һʯҵӾʬ·һӶӦһʬ壬߾װѪͷľͰЦ
һɽ̣õǱʮ죬ϳһսǡ̵ס𣿡
ʯ׿ǽۻõʬͷϣھݴ½ķУѪͷͷóѾû˳ѵˣ
һɽصغվһֻСסĴ֣磬ȥǰǿⳡ棬ȥˣҲû
Ȼ£һɽΨ쳤̾
ãɬΪʲô﾿ʲôȻŴ
Ҳ֪صԴȥ³ۼҵؾͱˣǵҲȥ
ǻбİ취𣿡һɽ⣬ҴһǴľʰһ£ңƴҲǳȥ
ûõģʯҵһλʦѸǧͷ޶ˡɬҡͷɱȥˣߵóɽׯܼң䶼ءǵ̫ˣЩ˶ѾأŽԲųȥ
һɽͷ­ԽԽͣȻ̧ͷܼҲΪ𣿡
ģǣνǴδޣǻڴأ
ͺã
һɽ룬ܼңڳҲһЩѣҴһٶྫٸ֯һʿҹɱȥȣֻҪһѿϳ֣Ҿͻл·
ůǿϳ𣿡Ƭ̣ŵˣҽɣ˭Ըɸӣһɽһɱȥ
ԺﵱվʮˣҲ˳
ź֣ѵ
ҿɲǺأĴ۾һգһգҺǣνĹϵãȥܼңǲ˼æأ
С˵ǣ棬ǣһæһɽ˵˾ûȻڸ׵Ķߵȥɣûܰȱ٣ҿƴ뿪ɽׯһѪ
۾ȸʣܼгְæ˼ȸͣǲϳ֣ʹȸߵԽԶԽãµĶʯ

ҹɽׯŴ󿪣ʮʿͬʱɱ˳ɽׯߴָӣȫͻΧӡ
ʯҾͷԵʱһɽɱΧȻڳſڷ֣һɽҪȥļѣȥܼҡ
洫µıȸʣһúã
һɽôһݵСؤֽһɫëʲµܼңȲҪȸʡ
ףвӲӥ
һɽοЦЦصرһãսȥ
ڳڻȥĽ˵Σء
˷ֿãӹս˳
֣Ҫ̳𣿡
ıŭ֮Ѿ侲ɫˣɱ˸𣬵ˮܣھͱݣʯҵĹǱضɢӣɱһ㶼񫣡ɭЦţҸᣬװ·ƽӰңһߵʯҵĶ棬ȫɾʱٽ壬һ
֣㹻Ŷ
ɳһ֪ͨޱǵһɽȻЦеظ档
ȻͲ󣬵ǷǳĻ飬ڳйȦͲ˵ŮͻܼҺԺ
ǣν㣡һСԺ棬ĵش
ôˣһʮŮҴҵ˳һӣʹرڻҲǱʯΧ˭ģ
ҸˣȱأסŮֱۣ㣬ҪŶ
һɽˡŮʧغ˰벽ǽ㲻㣬ֻǡ
Сôˣ
׳ӴԺ˳С㣬ū˵㣬ѾүˣͲҪתˡСؤ˭ѽϽϳȥŪ˵̺
㣬㱻ˣȵ
ǼұΧ죬ɱˣҵ˵Ϊҵʯң㣡ͣͰˣ
ǾͲ𣿡Ҫ˳
ҡ
ǣԥƬ̣ҧţȥһθסҪ뿪ȴסȥ·ЦС㣬ҵ飬үѾö⣬ȥҲǰȥطϢɣ˵ţǿмסǣεĸ첲ѺⷸƵؽԺСؤҶȥ
ⳡ棬˸ֵ߸߾ȸʣҲؤҵȸʣ˭ܾң͸˭
ȸʣ
ܴ󣬸֮ⶼԶԶ˾һԸȸ
ܲ𣿡ȸʣȸңϲϰң
ܼҼܲһЦȽȸֻҪģһǣ
ãɲ˵ƭһСӣ
ȸʽһӡ
пһУεҡҡͷȻ飬Ͼֻһӣ֪ϲⰡ
Ȼ
ȸʽԺ֮󣬵߰˷ӣԺﾹȻϢˡ
ܲ㵽ԸԸѽ󺰵
ܲ
ʮͻȻһӴ׳ļҶ˹Сؤȥȥ
ҲؤæͣܲڼȸʣһҪĻػأ
ʲôȸʣҪˣҼүûмȸʣ
ɷ˵ҶĲӣݺݵض⡣
ǣǡͷš۵һܼҺţĴܲϲҪȻƭһСӣ̰ҵȸʣ


147 ʮӣٶʮ1
һȱҲûȸʷ˸ˣôѽ
Ҫǣܲʱ򣬼·Ӷȸʡ̴֣Ҵҵת뿪ţٸӶΧ˹ǹŲ΢Ц
ѾͷҵץʯҵĽ͡
޵ͨ죬û⵽ӶǵĹŹ΢ЦһӶΧˣϲصɴ۾Ӷ
ӿڴ﷭һСӶүǣҼұΧˣ˭ܰңһܶܶĽͣ
ʮӣеĿӶǻȻЦ
ǱЦѽ˵֪ҵǮ٣ˣĺҼҵ˶ˣ
СѾͷֻʮˣ
һӶǰ̧°͡
ǣǣֻʮˣԼĿڴȫ򿪣ûжǴӶЦиӣһСѾͷԸ㣬һ
һӣطŪſڴ㲻ҪȡЦˣֻʮˣԸæ𣿡
ҿɲȡЦŶӱͷټֵһ

ʶӶͼתҪܣͻȻһʹӦǰӶһֵţͻȻˣֻˡһ죬ʲôԵˡ
һб仯̫죬ʶʲôܳȥʮŷԼþˣŤͷһֻһЦеضԼ󣬶ǸӶѾеĽ¡

ӶһԪڣһоʹи϶ȴ͵Ҫ
ȳļҲ
СѾͷҪһӶ𣿡
˴ӶͱֶˣЦеǰ
ҪԸ𣿡ϲصɴ۾һ뵽߼Ӷļ۸񣬺ͷֻʮӣĸ֡
ƶɮȱʮأЦ֣ùʮӣǳɽˣ
㣬ĴӦˣ۾Լûۻɵи磬Ҫ֪Ҽҵĳʯңʯҵʯ׿ԪжΣ¸ĸԪڡʯҺɽׯҲϵܺãɽׯ֣Ԫ϶εԪ۷һ죡
㻳ƶɮʵ
ǣ˵̫ˣ
ƶɮܴ˶࣬㿴
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ǣץأЦƶɮѾҵίУӣ·
Ӷǻ࿴˿ͻȻһ
Ѿϵ棬ִǬǺǧã˫ǰ£ںϳһ̫ͼţ˫͵ſŮɢ
Щԣڰб֯һ޲˸ٶӶѵʱȴͣˣ
ͣӶǵͷ
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δ
δ
亹Ӷͷ£ǵͷƤͷ̧ŲҶҲҴ
ǣһЦӶǱɢ
һȺûõث֣ɣĿСԴѾͷʮӻĿ𣿡
׬ˣЦ˳и磬ҼҾڳǱߣ

˱ϵһŵĴҪȼˣͰ˵ȥſڵ磬Щһؼҡ˽ʱϵ󣬰Щɽׯ棬ʯҪɽصôʯҹƶٵߣռ˶ٵط𣿡
ô򵥣š
ô򵥣
ЦеؽһѪüġ

ҹһڳŸܿͿһɽĵػˡ
һɽսѾսˣԼ彣߰˴˿ڣѪۡͻȻ·Ȼôûߣ
ôˣŷס˴硣
ɱ˳⣬ЩûһԸæɶңȻҵʯҡһɽЦһŮҪȻ
һԼľһɽ㵵ǹˣǰŮҲʱ֮ǰϻң˵һڳſ㣬ǱһʯҵȺдǲŲΪǣ
ǿѽ
һɽվСˣܹ֣һŮңһݺо㡭Ǽûôѣƾʲôǣ
ʲôͼ㻹бָ𣿡
ǰѾⲽأǻʸɱôһɽңǺ͸һ𣬻Ȫ·һžۡ
˿ʯҵľӪ档
Χׯʯҳ˱һִɽׯ˴ޣʱʯΧס˶ׯţǶס˱š
ĳŮķԸ˱ŵ޷ߣײеĲʳߣĻһɽֱã۾һգ
ȻŮлȣĻŹߵʳһɽûףҲȥˣҲҪץ磬±Ͷ̥ǻã
˴󲽣
˶ʮһɽֵط֣߲ûд޲ɱ
۾Ȼ󾪴ˣ
ǲûзãֻüĸֳһѪѪҺƾƿ֣Ȼʵʵÿһ·
ǲ֪ѪҺϢȻֻǷҲֵ͵ȼ޸ģһɽһ֪ػصԼɽׯ
ʱɽׯƲҵ
еŻˣ׷ԲԵ̱żϣſյͥԺ
ӺŮѾ뿪һˣûϢѾ
첻ȥߵ˿Ц˵˳үԮûеүСѾˣ
˵һƣûǶûĺôܾ󣡣Ƕû޵ݺᣬżϡ
һжˣ૵ʡ
һʱشүԵȣȥһ
ȥɣ֮ǡʧ˵ţ˵ԲǣǸˡҵǣ˵һ仰㹻ˡǣٸǣʯûиϾɱ˻ųȥͣҵλҸĵط첻ТҰ


148 ʮӣٶʮ2
˺ܿͻˣүʣٶʮˡ
ٶʮ壡쳤̾ǧ˵ңֻʣٶʮ塭
ٶʮߣһɽ˽
һɽ͵̱ȥǣǡȻȥˣΪʲôҪ
һɽԭԭؽ˵һ飬˵ʱüͷҲǻɶϲȻԼ̯콵ǵĺ¡Ȼ̾˿һɽȻֻһԪ¶ΣҲӵ飬һɽɣ
ҲǼҵçʵ۵ģʵ۵ĺܻܣ
ǰ
ͷҲٿˣ˵ĺãĺҲҪ㰴ݺ˵ģĶһɽټȫҷзߣüϣ
ѾˣһӵɫףмһŽڶɫɵ̫ͼ
ʦе㷢ɣûгκһֵ伮ûбʵս֤
ҽɣ̾˿

ҹ
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ɱ
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һ˲ֻʵ˽沿˳飬۾
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ǲ˱ţ
һһجĴľȻ۾յӣ˶סˣүǺеĻǻٶˣȥƴһ£ɱһɱ׬
һţһͰɽׯøʯңҲʰ
Ȼûпڡ
Ƭ̺جٴδүʯ׿ԴӣѾռѲȣ
֪ˣƽ۾̽
һ˲䣬ɫɷףʯҾӾﲻӵ·ˣүȥ̽û취Żˣ
첢ûһɽȥ
һɽ첽˳ȥʮӾ˻ЦѾʯ׿Ӱӣһӣɱˡݺƭǣûκô
ݺоʯҵļϸƭɣ
ıԽƽˣվ߽ڲ䣬ٳʱһ׵ĳһżѻĶ̽һһλɫ̡
ϣ
ϵλһڴ룬ÿڷһһȵ֣ʥ棬棬׾桭ںԼ׵λصؿͷڣ첻ТûбסǵĻҵлˣ
˵ţһɽԼߣһɽһ̽һɽǸûסڵĻҵΨһлˣ
һɽӹ̽زãȻ˲ϡ
ļҲһ̽ҵĴС㣬ܻʯ㡭׵˼𣿡
ͷӹ˶̽Ҳһز˲޵ף
ţǶǵĺúӡ
γԼĶ̽ڲϣͻȻߵش𣬡δس챦ŴڣТˣ

ڸ׼صǰӣʯ׿ԶԶؿ˴ĳ档
Ͼ죬ûвصİ취ʯ׿Ц
ԣߵļҽûִǽĵӸմϢȥʮӹӶһӶ
ʮӣʯ׿ȻʧЦļҽļ򣬡ҶӶݣ˵ʮܹӶʲôȼӶߣץèץСɫͲ
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һУʯ׿ǵЦʧˣǺʵǽĳ桭ʴʦʴʦô
һȫں棬ȫŧĹ˹΢΢Ƿʯˣ
ʴʦҸӣڴսʱٵģʯ׿ŭϸҼҲ뿴Լľӽҵ壡
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ѵˣԭԼղŵġʧԡ
ʯ׿쬵ģҪ֪ʴʦԪ¶Σڳǵĸˣʥ֪µߴ֮һ˸ʴʦǵţֻҪʯЩֽţǾӿɿˡ
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ʱһ·˵һ·˴棬øҸյس档
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ʱìͷ׼ȸʣУѾõһֻȸʵܼΪģǰ棬һ嵽ǰ

ȴܼҵģźõ塪ܲܣԹԵؽȸʣҽŮ͸һɽ顣
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ӻ̵ҵ϶Ҳˣƹı󽫣޷Զı衭һѪһ˰
Եİ
ҹһı֣ͷƤ飬һɽҡ
ǶҲ¶˿Цõ顭
ҹ޽ֽĴǿԹѹ׾ӣ
˰մһ֧ǿľԾ
޷ԶѪѪĴ˵֮һųײкԵѵսɱ¾ӦѪƴ·Ĵ½һţ



۹ССĳǳ±ʮ򣬶ҶǸǿݴ½ô½սҪô
ҹҲס費̬ˣɬлֱ˵ûеٲȥˡ
ѽһû˵أ
ҹԹԵƷŲ裬ԣɽׯҲԱʦٻޡ񣬳ķۣ¶ʮ򡭡ͻȻס۾ʮˣǳģ
ʧҼﲢûʲô
Ҫ˵ЩûбôһԪҩʦһҹ֮䱩ʮļΪԪڣ
ҹЦţǣѾӵ˹޷Զż轨飬ļҺɽׯֹأȻƾ£ı
һת룬һɽүүϾԹԪ˧һɽҲԾۣҪǴǵأʵڲ˽
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ҵ˼ǣһЩˣ
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µ㻹˵ô
ҹɫһرƽһɽһɽҪǱµʥּܾǿּΥʥ⣡˽һɽƢֲһ䣬жТΪҪȥɾǲҲТûԸϵ޳Сˡ


153 ҧ
ҹһ仰˵һˣ
һɽԽȱ㣬ȴǸ㣬ҹڹҴ壬տТһɽѨƵԴҲһüͷ
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ʥּҲ飡æӴԲҹĲ֪ʲôû취Ƭƣ½һһɽû񰡣
һɽӦˣôĵģ
ҹһЦһɽļ򣬡һɽҸ׼ʱ䣬ȡ׸µı
ס죬㣬ҲϣκһɽľٶȻֻܹܽˡ
ǣļˣȲ˵
ҹߺ켸̱ڵϣε̾˿
Ҿʲô̯ôһ£
Ҳҹ϶ѣճֱҾ˵Լʲô֪Ҳȥˡ⻰˵ҹţԼΣ
ʵ鰡

һɽôʹӦˣ
ҹߺĸ˶һƣòô죿
ʥּǹҴڣܲ𣡡
һɽվת˳ȥ
ʲôȥ
ȥһءһɽĿޱ飬ãóıԱ£Ҷиˣãڶ棬ҹˣҲͲỳѡ
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ҹȻˣǧ޽ȴûгˣǧΧҵؽأΧʿ˷£ڲʿضҵÿһڡ
˼ˣó֮ǰұ뿪ǡ
ĭŶӻصãȻһ
棬žƱЦеس辴ơ
ɽׯؽ׶Σȵλذɾ档
֣ȱơһθλȾƣ
ɵλ˻ξƱȻʧЦɾԼ棬Լһ꾴ƣʵǱһζ
ϵܣȾˣȰһȰһɽɣ⺢Ҫȥ
һɽڵأɥ
ȰôȰ˵ڶƣһɽѾӦҹ֮óı˵ʲô𣿡з۾Ҿһɽû֣㿴ļƣʮǣӦӷǻʱӦʱ취أ
ؼûǿҩʦ죬Ҳû취òֱš
˭˵û취
ȻЦˣҵиðյķӣǲ֪ǸҰѳǽ췭ظ½սҲϧ𣿡


ʮڳ⣬а취ܽɫ䣿
ϵܣͱˣ˵˵ʲô취켱
æһм仰Ҫһɽ˵˵أһɽһƣһɽҵȾơ
һɽæ
Ƶʱһɽ˵ʵΪʲôӦҹҪ󣿡
ڹТڱ£һɽͦء
˵úã̾жɷ򣬾ӦĻҹΪ
ʦûһɽˣʦ仰һɽȥأҲֵˡʦԺȼȣһɽ㣬Ȼ߾پƱçϣϡ
ȵȣڽ˭ȻͶ䡣
ڽҵλ棬çɰһɽһ㶣̧ͷۣûݵçɡ
ԭ㻹֪ȰЦЦͻȻʵçʲôˣ
ǶǶصĴӢۣһɽԺ
ǵģǶӢۡ
ЦеǿʷСӶ֪ΪһŮˣ´ңɱçصһŵĴ鳼ıλ߱λѲҲТ鶼ˣŻˣˣӢ۶𣿡
һɽƿԡ
һɽ㾡ڹ޿ɺǣҪסһ仰ڹָһˣָԹգ
ʲôֻһãڻңֱѡеͨˣͬˣΪʲôҪΪʲôһƨɣ㲻ģǶԲԹҸ㣬ҹҹ˴Եƽ֮ңдҪңҲҪȾڴȻ˵
çɣʷϻΪʲô˶ǣְǵصĴӢۣҸ㣬ΪԲҵĳһˣȴûжԲ°գͿɣɱ˺ܶˣΪʲôɱˣΪʱĴ󺺻ʵ۲ʲ壬ȻǿŮڿһ޳ܵıçأĳλˣ»ʵ֮󣬴ĸ츣ıǱҪһǧһ򱶣ԣȻһõĻʵɱˣȻӢ۶֣
һλһɽ֮һ仰񣬲ڹ
ҵ˼𣿡Цеʵ
һɽճյʦ˵ֻҪԵԹգͲںһ˵ʥּ
˼ﾡã
Ҳ̾ܽԵġȽȸһӣطˣλЧƺһɽȻȫͬҲûгȥѰ˼ĳ嶯ˡ
񣬲ڹϵܣݷˣ
̾˿ղϵܲںʥּΪֻĻ֮ƣ롭ϵʵĻȱ߰
Ļ
һ񺮡
ʵ˵ղһλֻǸıһɽԸĹߣʲôġǸûΰֵز
ŷǣ˲Ϊȼ񼸿ʯ˵
ʱһɽ˵ʦһ˵ĻҲѰˣ˵˵İ취ôԸļ
ǵղʵ𣿡Ц̫ˣ̫ǿˣǸô죿
ֻһ仰ùҧȻҧ

ҹȼ̻ȻŴܷɳɽׯ
ɽȻһѪͳϾĶӣӵǿķֻһ̣̻ڻʧҹ֮Уǧ޽ûпӰӡ
常ҹɫ޺ãӰأ̤ɫȥĪǡɻҡͷԵʵ
ҳúôĵطۡ
С֮常ܺ˵ƣƣ
ױˣڴܶߺҪȥɽׯ
Ȼܴ˸ָ죬ʦȤ㷺ȥɽׯȡ֮Ҳ
#@
ܺûˣ
ɵɽׯֻҲû磬һ߿ɽׯţЦ֣ˣ


154 
ʱվɽׯߴĳǡ
ֻǶţӪƬǧ޽Դʱɳ۶ƬӪͷ߸һ桮־졪֮Թľͳһɡˡ
źţͬ߼ʵľӪңңţһһѪѪ죬˵Ĵ˵֮һһ»һġء֣˼ǣӪ廢֮ףƳĺˣ
ţɽׯˡ
ĲĴӪʮһռѾ˳

ľӣε̾˿ͷȻκһҾӣһ뵽Ҫ۹սȾЩվˡ
ҪǣɽׯѶ꣬ҺܼҰݣСڱͱӡ
һҪ㣬˵ţһֻɫĲ˹
ȻĶͣˣ
۾һ̤ӭӳɽׯżϣϵؾϹΰܹټķˣңҼ
ˣһȥЦһֱҰɣСӴӦԸңһǾûӰˡ
һЦûнӻ硣
ɢˣַųֻѲߣȻɽׯ׼ҳͷΥȻˣ
ȻסЦеضżϣǼˣ׵ķʽҲ仯ˡ
˵Ҳ
һԴǣЦеҵ飬㶼֪˰ɣ
Ǹϵʯҵĸ֣
ûж⣬ҲûзϣĴΧҵ飬Ҳˣ
ô᲻ЦҲյ˹ţ룬ҪҪָɵأ
üëһ֪ҵݣҲҪΪУ

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⻰˵ʵڣĨĨ°ͣûɵԳǣ
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ǹҧ£Цеع˹ָ
ܣļҽţֻҪһС磬ǻ㿴ǲ͵һø㲻·ңҹڶҺҹܾˣû̲ҵĲвͬʱ͵Ϯ裻Ҹһ취أƽĶ
ŵҵӢ
ڶ仰̲סƲˣ˵ֻ˳£ǵһ㵱ɵֻޣһٸӣҲҳҹ
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ܿһ顣
ĸˣ硣
ǺԪжΣʵǲʮǰɱʮŮ类ּʮꡭţϵˡ
ǾڲǰּϢ˵ڷڼãʮδͣڣŻˣ
֪ȥӭӣӣʮ죬ͻˡ
˵ǣַʮ꣬Ҳʮ꣬ʵ϶˺ܶࡣ
硭
ɻطϣһµ°ͣܣк̨ôɱʮˣκһҶôֻʮꣿ
ҵǳǣһ仰ˡܵĵشκһķɣʮ꣬ǳǼĽ
ûк̨ͺãЦˣô类ʮ꣬ʶһ˰ɣ
һˣһˣ
Ц˵Сආң֪糤ʲôӡȻҵð磿
ڷӦˣ

ֻҵìܣļҵĴսǻ˵һ룬ͻȻʶǰˡƺǸõĻᣡ
ȻϸһʣˣѾʮ꣬ϵûϤĵزˡ
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˵һ꣬˵ڶꡭ
ڵΪޣʣ
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ĸѲߣһǣһͷ޴ϻ
ֻĸһۣĿϻ档
ûоãϻȻġɰ
Ȼĸĺϻ棬£ϧظǲϵͬΪȻ飬ȴΪū
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ǣϻ֮ûйκˣأءſߣСèһͷָҲϻ׽΢Ц
ⳡ棬ĸȻɫ䡣
ʦľ磺һҩ;񹥻Ի޵־ʹ֮ΩǴӣڶƾʵǿпޣǲҲĵ磬Ǻ޳ΪѣĸԸظң¾Ч
ȻѾﵽʦ߾磡
µǣϻһͻȻʧܿˣ˳ǰһ񣬾ǿɽ
ǡܣ

Ƭ壡
˾Ȼһ壬ӵһ裡
ǰǡʵ
ҵĺǡؿҳǱ硭ˣ


155 ľ
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ǰģһʮŮˣǧ췢Ʈ衣
ǰһɫе㼤Ҳеɻ󡭡

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췢Ů˱Це㷢ɣǰ֤ݾóЦʲôȻðһ亹ŤͷһֻȺ˸˵Ŀƣצ췢Ů˰Χ

һХͷ޾Ȼ˺췢Ůˣǵˣ
˼ǣ޼˺췢Ů˵ʱ򣬶ߴʱΪٶſ˵ϣضź췢Ůˡ
ޣֱһ㣬
ҵ֤ݣ˭˵Ҳ磿ţ
һУ촽ԼҲû뵽һдҪȻʵİ·ӳ
췢Ů˿˿ߵޣɫɻ˾ϲȻ˿ϲ
үүŮ˼Ҽˣ췢Ů˹ʲôð䣬Ψʵû취ð䣬һڵɽׯ洫ط𽲻òˡ
𽣿Ҽ
Ѵõҵȫ鱨Ƴ𽣬Ц뿪ʱ˴ȣˣǲзˣ
˵ʮǰĳ¹֥飬ɫ֣ȻҸʮǰ͹ˡ
ĬȻƬ̡
үүط꣬᲻ĵˣеزߣؼңȫ˶أ
æ
ĿԶס˳ļ졣
үүʣЩô𣿡ЦʵҡǵҡǼҵһĴأ⼸齲һ顣
ʮļı
۾һ˿ײеĹâЦȻˣæŻؼˣ𽣬Ұѱ
ͳһүүŮֲֻκһҵģʰܼңȻ١
ܼҲΪǣǱǱȡ֮
㻹үүҰѱ
үү⻰˵ģǲҵʵˡɫͷ࣬үүҲ顣
뷨۽͵ؼŵ𽵹һϵЦɵѾͷүүẦô
үүа취еùҾӣ۾һ
һγңЩһЦԽ䣬˶ҹȹ޴ϤΣ߳ɵĻʤգҡѹүүһ˻ģһ֮⻹;ٻİǧޣֻҪ㿪սǧ޾ͿҾӣҼսȫʤ
ЩĶˡ
ּһѻ𣬡үүʮ꣬Ҳһ񡭡
үү۾
Ц
ŵЦݣصغƬ̣̳ͻϮЧҲõΡټүүİǧ޺ⳡսԴ򣡡
뵽ȫԱϣ̷ҹ
ЦˣѪĲ΢Ц

ʲôǧޣȫ˳ĹĿֻһ
ֻҪҹľӪһ֧սͲɱˣٽ˵ƻҲͿȫʵˡ
һ֧֧ľӱҹľӪĺɱﳹ˿
ҧļƻɹˣ
ôϽ뿪
𽣡һ͵ϮĶ飬үүȥǰǧޣʱͻһҪݴʹȡһҹ֮ҹȫ
תҪ뿪ɾʱһĵľʹ˶񱻳ˣ
ģʴɢȻʱãƶɮļƻѾɹϽ뿪ˣ
ﰲοԼ䣬æӿ˲о仰ô˵š
©ƫҹ꣡ո߳ȥĲĵľʹ֮ҲһԺùȻʱͿˣܿͻɵСӣ
ѣҲ˻Ϊ໴
ܻ죬Ȼʱ仯һģ
ɣ
˻һʱ𽲢ûһǽظ
㻹ʲôһ߹ȥǣ֪ƶɮܿҪ໴ƶɮι̲ɣ
үүĸĵû𣿡Ů֮ԼһԭүүˣһԭΪ˶Ըܼңԭ򡭡
ٺܿ죬ֻ˵ӣϷԵı仯Ӷطˣ
һ룡
ƿڴʲôԭԭģǿ˵꣬ȻƶɮҪˣ
ڶ룡
оȫ˻ΪɵСԼһкҲ޷ðˡ
ͬʱ˵󼸾仰ԭŮ˲ӣүүأүү洫ؼŮĲԣ
ӡ
óһɫСӣдĸ֡ľ


156 ԩ
ӣҲ˾ޱ䡣
ٴλңɵҧָףŤͷſˮ磬ˣԣ̡̣
ҳס˾ӶߣûκӰĽֻ֣Ųסǵ˾Ҫʶƣټ޵Ĺ𣿳סҳס
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ˡһˣ׼ƴɣ塭ȵȣ
ͻȻ֣ˣ
ڡľֵһ˲䣬ͨ۾˷ϵĸ֣ȻȻֱ仯𾪣⣬ãȻǡ飡
ǵģ飬Ǽʧǧİˣִ֣֮ϣ
ľȻ
ԵˣȴɵʱҪã
ѵ㡯ûƭô˵һûĻ̾˿Ҳٿһô
磬ֻáľ֮ͶȻˣҲάסʷ񣬲ûġ
֣ʶⱾؼ͵͵ʵ
ǡ˼ӣдģ
ľȻ֣֮漴ĿȨ
ƺĺϤľӣӹֱӷһҳȻʧظһξС֡
ɽ⣬ˮΪߣ˸Ԫ˧Ϊ仰ĥƽɽɴӣһս
ҶﻹĺӰ
𣡣
м˱ߵϸһ̵ֳֳѪɫѪͣ
𣿡
ڻش⣬һ̾૵ΪߣҾΪߣɱбʥּ£ΪԪ˧òһսȻͷЦлˣ𣿡

ɱ
˾֮Ͷ߿֣һ仰Ȼ֣˵ʲôأ
ûкĹȥһ֪
Ǹ֣Լࡣ

ʱ硣
ˡľ𽣬ѾͷⱾ˭ģ
үү洫ؼôʶˣͳһҲ˼ɻ
洫ġǣԽĴˡ
үү㲻Լȶ˰ɣ
ð磬Ȼ˭𽵱ͷ鲻ˣǴҴʼأģ
أģҡȻǡȻǡ
һġ֮ͻȻЦս죬԰ʬҰΪһԶ𡭡ɱ㣬ӡ㣬ôںޣΪʲôҪĥң
㾿˭
βϳľٶʶˣǰǼٵģ
ˣðƻ£Ը
ѳ޶͵Ťͷײе
·һ¼ŵĿռ䣬û죬ûеأûҵޣֻЦͷޣһͷ˵ʨ
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޽ƵİǧҲˣǻͷ­Ƶʡ
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Բǧ֮ڣе඼ˣ·ؼ䶼һ㱯ĻҺɫ
һǧ֮ᣬֱɫʵ𽾪ֵĺ˼ʮˣǰ˾Բ磬Ϊһ꣬Ҳû취ͬʱƼ޵
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ʱԶ˸ֳĺ
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ⳡ棬𽲻һеسս
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֣һһʵ
˴̼ܲȶɳĬһ£¶󺺻ʵ۶ߵʱҲӡ
ֻҪûΣվͺãûʱˣݺݵһĹͷģҵӰ켸ޣҪһԼ壬ðѾݴ½Ʒ죡

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ҲԼĶŮ۶ԹĽɽԡԲĸˣ
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һս֮ӵ˶ǣҽԼӡ̨棬ܾǧ¼ԹұϾɱԹ̫ӺͻԲԹ
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Ҳ̸ҲܶԲԹٴζԲҵĺˣ

ֻһͷҧҧˡ꾭ۣۣ޴˫ƣ궼˵ϡ
ȻѹԼ꣬췴ǡѹѾ˳ˣȲġҡ껹ʵʵЭս𣡣
һ취ܹԹ
ʲô취أ꿴˺ð죬С۾һգͻȻЦеλ֣һʺȤ𣿡


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˵λ֣ʲô벻ģǵͬʱóôʽûʶֵ˫ȼֵĲӣֵ˫סֵšιιι69ʽҮ

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Ƭ̣˲ԼֻͬͣһףſڵϲסشϢһͷ´ڴ
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ŶǹˡȻصͷûϵŴһһǾʹһ죬һʹһ꣬Ƕ벻ҵ壬ÿ춼дܶŹĻٺ٣˵ʵŴĴӢСåһƤ˼
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Ծ𣿡ʹ֮󣬻ģҵĸԹĶԲҿԸһ·ֻҪǲвҵءţˣҲãҲգҲٶ˵һ仰

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ӹЦƹ޷Զԭǲսģ챣ӣһСͷԶʯʱ򣬾ȻҵѪ졭ڴƹʲôλѪƾľ嶯ɱǸСԼʿɱ赱Ȼϰݣͷ󱨸ƾҲˮļҴսѾҳһ࣡
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ľȴԽԽңĴսһһҹսʧأֻʣ߰ǧֻҹΣ޽򣬹޷ԶһЩԵҲһϡ
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ʵ˵ֻԪжεҹ޹ˣΪ޷ԶԪ϶ΣǴԪͺԪĽӵϣһǴľҹ
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ʲôùϲģЦҵңͱҿ۹ŭ𡭡ư
ʱһͷ͵һ½ǣ۹ʮӣҸ㿹ˣ

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̾˿ŲţĲ֪ʲôҲ̽Լأô֣õôƽ֣ʿǿģҿģҲģҪλĻʵ۱ġʵۿˣٲҲҪĿģȤ𣿡
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ĮЦЦ򽫾ֻɽׯޣʮһ㲻̬Ⱥܲô̸УվʵϵģƾޣûʸӰʮһ
졣
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ǵĲͻȻΪߵſڵʱţӻ̵׳һƣϡ
λ֣лǸһΡţ棬ʵ˵ģ
ЦеرˣͷǺðɣҾʵ˵ҵʵ



ǵķϴĺȣڳǾмң̾˳ڹʿǳ֮ǰĺ֮
λһܲõϢתһƣЦǴ߰㣬һͿʱѾΪ˳ʵǿԪڣҵƾɽׯ֮Ҳܴչʮ
ô𣿡
˵ļ򣬡λ֣ʮʮһ򣬺Ǻ׳۵һأ
λɫˡ
ѽôֲ˵ˣƺأЦˣҪڳأǵʮ͵ŻػˣǲǺ򡭡Ƿ㣡

߳ʱ̰Цݡ
̸кܳɹ˫˹ͬصЭ飺ҳŵʲôһڳƽ֡ǵõǣɽׯˣӴռ췱ĳóɽׯͳҰޡ
ȻҪǣ۹ҶԳǵͳΣΪ֮Ļش
С⽻ҵĳȻСελУԺءΪһۣҵ˾ݴ½ʷ̨
Ͳƽⶾƣҳıˣ
ЦЦɽ·ϣȻֺһֱڵ΢ЦŮЦʲôأ
һ£漴Цĸ⿪ģ򽫾ƽϢ鷳ҵȻҪЦˣ
ôļСˣ֪ЦʲôЦһɵϣȻɵͷ񣬰ƽϢ鷳
͵һ򽫾Цˡ
пЦ𣿡̵ղҪͶܼңһʹӦˣ̫ˡţ϶룺Ҫˣίȫ̺֣ҧҺܼһڣ˵Ķô
ɫ÷ǳѿ
˵׼˰ɣ
ЦеظԶˣǸ鷳أ


161 ҩʦ
ȵһֱûг֣ȴͻȻð˳ţǹϷԣ

һ뵽֣ĹͷʹүʮǰѾǺԪˣʮĽ죬ԪԪֻǡ
ȥˣһֱͣںԪ磬ҲƥеģҪ֪Ԫھķˮ룬һͿϵĲ࣬ΪսϵĴɱҪԸǣֻͬȼĺԪڣ
ȻԪҲԡ
ĹؼǣմߵĸֶûС
֣ʲô취ԸԪ𣿡
ʣĺǿɲûлشǲ˼ԼܣŤͷȥ
ԸԪڡĻش̹ʣ֮ǰԪǿһս
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ʴɢжߣ־ǡ
̵ģƶɮͲˣʮԸһ磡
ص鶪죬˺ģһרоӭӡ硣
һ죬ǶһȦ֮ڣеʵ޶нԼľӡ뷨ǣҲֻһʦûޣ½߳ɣ
ڶ죬Ҿӵİ̽ɢ˳ȥԸǣֻҪˣߺԪϵǿߣ̻
˵죬ɴڳ壺磬ǵɵףΧ˼ǧĹ֣סɽׯˮʦ˶ʮŶݼ󡭡

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˵ʮ죬ûе磬һ绹ҪϢˡ
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ҴҵصķȻ󣬵һοϿյĶƣ
ڵ̳м両һҰɫƯؾһƬɫĺ󣬸İɫˮĸ
ҡɢŵİٺϻ㣬ɽᵽмʿɵشڣ°ĭȫö
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ˣ޷ԶֿصĽģһˣķ˲ͲȴڳУô
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˳صķȥֻΧѾѪȾˣѪ˺ɫĽʣѪģĳ˲Ҳ̶ãЩʬĸصľ֣˶˴͹ߣǿƻȻʧˡ
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ϵѪ⣡ӹտʼصʱɱھӵӡˮǾҩʦİ취Ǻӵ֮󣬴ˮûгɢƣȾ˶Һȥھӵİǧʿͱˣ
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ҹأعȥˣ׷ʵ
ȫûҹһع𣿡޷ԶЦҹҵӵܣҹ·ǣҹǰ㵽һ常ȥˡܵÿ죬ǰŸߣĽگʹˣȴһҹ߾
ҹңһʶҹҹţӡ̵һϣ
貢ûи̫˼ʱ䣬䵭ʮְ߰취ʱҲûнذ벽ȥҺ޽Ҫҹһ³ˡҺ޽⣬ںأ㲻ܵõĶҲܺ俪һɽ澿ʲôˣǶҲиˣ
Ϊһ佻ǾҪҼҵأЦǿ˵ˣֿأĹ
˺Ĺа취ƽⶾô޷Զ
ˣҪˣ
˰֣һ仰ǳܣΪ޹λҪأ첻á˵ǣôˣͲһõİ취𣿡
İ취ˣûã
һɣЦеƽⶾƣõİ취һҩʦղ˵ġƺǻûҹҩʦɣ
һ޹ض˹ŹֵƳڿһ֪ɽҰ
򽫾վ˵ۣ޷ԶЦΪûҩʦ취ڵһҩʦ붾ˣǰܹһٶʮҩʦ
üͷûдӱĵطˣ½ϵĶҩʦ٣Ҳм
û½ϵĶҩʦҲôǵҩʦԽϣ÷ˣĺУ޷Զҩʦ𣿵ݣȼ֮⣬˭붯ҩʦ
ķƺ޷Զʧˣָıӽҩʦ֮һҸԼԴ͸ҹ
޷ԶĻȻжĳɷ֣ҩʦѶȵ治СҲͷ취˵仺͵Ļͼ޷Զɫһ࣬һף߰ʮֻ󡡣
ͬһʱ䣬¶˹ŹֵЦݣ޷Զļƺ˵ʲôֻ૵ؿЦһ޽㻹̫ˡ
ʲô
ŹֵŤͷһ
Զˣһȫں棬òһǡУ
дʮ꣬ҩӣɢŨŨҩζϻҩƣСҩޣߣȵһϵеҩʦߡ
ӷ߶żλʩˣǺû޷ԶĺݻֻǵһЦ˵Լ֣ƶɮģ
ĺУҩʦ֮һ


162 ŵĵ
޷Զ˵꣬ҩʦҪһ͸ԼԴҹԭһܺõļĻᣬһġ֣˵ɫǺȻһ䣬Ȼ޷Զո˵ʲô
˵һȽϿŵĻǸɱȫˣԳ֮ΪսôƵһ仰ڵľݴ½ڶǰȫˣͿԳ֮Ϊݵһҩʦ
ĺУǶյΨһ״ӡ
ʮǰĺлһҽѧҵӣ֢ûм̳ȨܵõļҴҽѧطû⣬ʮʱӹӹµµһʱżգΪյĹŵӡ
ĲǶĵӣѧ֮꣬ػش½һҹ֮䶾̱һǧڼˣֶɱ˸Ԯʮĸ֣ͼɱʦȡ֮Ϊҩʦе񻰡
Ȼֻ˼ƿⶾûĵıɱƻʧˣʱ򣬶ոɱ߾ˣ½׷ɱûͽձʬҲö֮سΪ˴½һҩߣºšҩ
ԭҩ١
Żһ񵭣ɮ΢ЦƤЦⲻЦؼһЦݡ
ĺбǺԪ¶ΣȫԲǰĶʮӵеǿĶҩһɷͻȻأ費ò
ͬʱ޷Զ죬ɫǷǳѿ
ӷ𡭡Ŵҵɫĺ΢΢һЦλʩɫ죬ǣѪĪǲӭƶɮˣ
Ǻǣҩ˵ﻰǿЦ˼Ҫҩʦҩ٣ǻӭأ
˵ţúⶾҩ˵仰пжһ㣬ЦŶԽˣλ򽫾ļ˵ĺҩл򽫾˵
ϹƤȻƶɮˣӲͷƤվ˳
ǰմݣд˵ģʮȺȫˣǺǣȻӢ۳갡
Ķ˰Σر۴ȻЦλӢƺЩ鷳ʴɢô
ҽƣ֪֮ν֮⻳ĺнƾһȷеľ綾ҩʦ֮һ
ϣ˵ģһ˶յʴɢС۾̽ˣ˵ҩгܲܰҽʴɢٺ٣Ҳ֤ոǿ
ʴɢСһŵɽĺȻŹֵЦЦǽﲻܲܰ㣬Ҫֵ˼
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⵽ߵĺˣֻ׸ߣȫںɫ棬ָףӣĺڲҼȶĵأ˵·϶εδ𡯵ɺɫŧҺһֻشŵһ
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źһɳƵЦͷƤըˣ͵͵ۣĸˣһ־ľı顣
˵ŴڵѰҡԤԡеľŸˣоŴ֪ĿǾŴ֪֮ףУǿʦܣŴ֪еĵλҲһλԪ¶εǿߡ
Ǻǣԭǻ֪ԼЦݷǳѣ֪ҩһ٣ʲôƵô
㻹еʲôһЦ߽о񣬡ҽˣ
ˣƶɮг
ڻк棬ȻڱһקӣϵܣСģ鲻Ծߣң
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̾˿ǰ죬ɱĸͼе״ӣ

棬Ѿö֮λ棬ĺֻúһ˻еĶ档
֪Ϊʲôôеؿ˿ڡ
Ϸһ亹Ϊ˸ͼ
㲻ǰɱĸͼҵ״֮һɱͱһ
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ʹһƱӳҪǲٺ٣
ΪһЩĨȥ㷸µУ
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ֻһؿڣЩѪͽΪŰƶɮɱҪһֻ֡߼˵֣뿪ڣȻһŭȣ֪⻰Ҳ̫ˣ
ԭ͵վŭͼȡΪҪϵУϵֻоһһֱȽϺѣΥˣвˣǾҪϵ书˵ʲô棬Ǹ½ϵʦ·ˮˣǲҪ˵ʦΥ죬֣ߣ⻹е𣿡
ȻСϣ֣һգǷˮʦУ˵֮ͽǡţ͸ˮʦȨ
˵ˣ˵˵ˣ
˵ţĻᣬһָָڳˣ裬޷Զ죬ĸһ䡭ǿأʹŵ˼ô
֪ʲôһгǸĹ趼ǿأ㹻ˣҡأʲôʱֵˣ
ؽɵһǼҵأˣ
к˵ؼ׼ȷƽ죬ҵӦüصĺŽģһ۵ķˮءɣȻĶôִţȨջǼҵأҪ뿪
ˣԾڴˣִϲԵ˼ɣпϣ΢΢۾


163 һľƷ
ܴ죬ⲢһЦھˮʦĿУǾ˵άߣĴˣԻвŰ裬ֻǰԼ˵һЩҪѡ
Щ˶С
Уһ£
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˵һ䣬һڣҧΪҵԲܰøˣ첻սߣҶƴˣȥ
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룬ҾˣȻţһȥ֮Գ棬һŲ
ϵܣ㻹̫ˣ
֣ҲɱѪɺӣԼأϵܣ޹ҪƤʰ̯ӣΪСڹٳϵľ飬ҲҪְ죡
ִ߲Ӯǻô죿޷Զüͷʲô˼ߣ
ĺЦ͸һ㾫ҵҵȻġϰ
뵣ξֱ˵װʲôɵ
޷Զ̬ܲȣŤͷ㡭
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һЦеشյ˻ߣǸ֣ղŵ̫ˣ۴
ǿģ¶һ˿ġ
ѽǸ֣۶ǸĲ췹Եģֵ˵û£Цؽ˹ͻţȻ˵
ⳡ棬޷Զĵһڣµģֱ޳ܵ˼㡭ͷոð˳ֻͻ䣡
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һţһһĴש˸̫ͼı־Բ·ˮʦĿơ
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Բ˰שŻеĺ׾Ǻݺݵһӡ
̫ͼԪжεɵĵȼӳ֣ԲѷںԪ¶εĹڻеԴĳһڴѪ
˶һӴˣ
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µǣȻһԪڵķһԪ¶εĸּѪ
Ÿʲô첻ɵǣ˭Ҳã
ļ˴ȣʰУ˶ģ
ļ˻࿴˿ԼͬطһŹֵͷȻû·̳ŶֵѨ֣ɱʵԼգ
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һӣıͻȻðһ󵶣ڣˮն˻Ĳӣ޷Զ䵯һɫ˽һֱĵؿڣǴһӣµֵͷ
˶Ԫڣ㲻ǻĵĶ֣ҲӦ֧żӰɣ
ţĵ˻С
ִߣң졭
һ֮󣬻̧ͷĺ۷϶ĺںɫѪЩѪűѸٹգһֵķţҴɱ㣡
أµķɢֲĺɫϢһ
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ƶɮѾԪжΣȴûһʵĶԼʵôԪ¶εĻһƶɮʵսˣ
ţսˮ̬һѵľһ˫ؿڻһ̫ͼ˳ȥȻӲӲӭȥ
;֯һˣˣˣ̼䱻ʳƬҲ˴룬ǰʱֻʣ˼硣
һž޴ľɿ⼸紵ɢ
ףȻӲԼһУй˰ӣ㲻ԪжΣȻӲҵĺԪ¶֮һЦǺãٽһԣ
ڽ¼һ󣬶ʱ֣˸â
Ӳ˼УҲԼʵеˣȻֻԪжΣļӳ÷ͬСɣʵսȺԪ¶Σ
ȻĺԪڣӳԪڵѧҪ𣿴ʱ˿ֵ̣ܵоͿˣ
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ʵȷʵǿ󣬿ɹؼǡˮǰûʦڻǰ䣬ԣиûкʦսľ飡ڻпʽпգŹֻ֣֪εֵǺã
ʮ֮󣬻оȻѹ·磡
ٺ٣֣ʦѹƵζһһ٩
УҴһ
ȣϵĺۣʱһȳζɽͷ
е徹ȻѾȫˣģƤ߲ؽڴ¶ɭɭİ׹ǣһڹǼϵƤ
ϼһѵ·Ҫˣ
Сĵؽ䱸ǰս飬Լܵסеıɱһ
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ʧȥһӽӲˡ
ʱѾϣϷڵĺɫ壬˲ƵǰȻõ˫ƺݺؿڣ
ƶɮС𡯵ԣȻһ£ҪһݻˡһͷȻоԼڼٵػУ֪
׵رˣɲͳһôܣղűֳս㵲סһУҲֻˣôᱻҴɳȥ
֪˲һҲĺˣպ˵ȥ
֣ˣڵʴɢʱ书ȫϣ
ԶĻĺһ࣬ź˹ϧһ˰벽ҪЩЩ㣬˵ܼʱסˡ
ڻı󣬹裬޷Զ˶˵ϣȻվţɫףȻ˾綾
ˣһơ˺һԻգ
в뿪ķ򣬶˺ۣɭȻĴʦﻹһЩ㣬ʰǣ
Ҳã
һƵ΢ЦǺԪڼսֻҪԷĸ֣ͲҪ
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Ƭ̣ɽ˵ĴȣһźʱɽţǺԪڶеĺԪԸûʲôôȴͨӱľţҲǺԪڲڡ
أ
֪ջ˶ãصˤһŴ棬ǰɣҶɡ
ʹʱѹԺ̧һɫѾˣſڵص桭
棬һϵ֪ͣͷ⣬ݵû۾˸ɫͷĹĵص
ͷش𣬡Ϸʮ꣬ò׳Կ⣬ȻСӸһˣ


164 ໴
ʮꣿ
ͷһͷĿϣһʳҵ߰㣬Ҳѹͷʣ磿
ף֪Ϸ֣ͷصɴ۾ͯһزҾ˳һ֦滨ѹģ˧˰Σ֮ʥһҹʮɣ绪޿ɱҿҲ
˵꣬ϷƵüëҪңϷһƷˣǡ˭ϷһŲأ
һָ
ҮұϷĲͷݺݵصɴ۾Ųţû̵ǸϷ̽ݡٺ٣ȻСӵӣݵݡ
˵ڶָ
ѽѽѽޣ㻹ҺϷĲͷ͵ĴųžͲ
Ųæ߾ָָһ¶ĵһСӣȻȡҡ
Сдĸ֡ľ

ٴ۾ʱһɽ棬źĲݵӣϹ˲֪Ĳҩ꣬ͲվڴУ°غеԣޱߣҡٷ磬硫Σ˼ġñȶꡭ
ģĳҲû뵽羹Ȼһ
񾭲
ͯ
մ
Сӣɽ
ϡǳ֪кܶҪʵġ
Ҫ˵
һָϣȻ
ϣ˵
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翴һ󣬱ͻȻø࣬ǸСӣջǰǾ仰ţǾ䣬Сӵӣݵݣʵϸ˿㻹˧ģֱ˼ֻ˰˳ﰡͷҪסϷ˳͵ڱ˧һ

磿
гǵĵ伮У綼Ϊһң޶񲻴ĶˣǼɱʮλ޹ŮһôһòƺܿɰĹͷ
СһĿɿڴӣһϷĲ˰ɣؿڣҪ˵һ˵ľΪʲôأҵĺ𣿡
ϣȻ򣬿ɵȷҵݰҸ˵һ˵ҵ֪һܡ
ʧɢһ˵ϣѾƺˣֻðҵݣܵõİȻƭ磬ȥʰкͻģ
ǡ
֤ݵͬʱҲĻԼĵڶꡪڴɵţڵǡƷɰġ໴
һ˲䣬òһˣղôû֣⺢ԭĿɰϧˣ˼ôһֳͬҪ⿪·ι̣úõϧأ
໴ıʣһĸԣϣĸԾͱΪƾն˼ʮ飬չһθУ
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ͻȻס޵ӣӡտľʱҾͲˣϾүһķӢղŵЩûˣҵˡ
˰Ҳˡ
ӣ˵˵ô˴ˣͷʹһȻѹȻ˸Ҵ˿ɰĺӣ˻𣿡ôõһӣôµȥְҪҼʱ㣬ӣҪһ¼ҲҪһε˧С
ı̾ļֿأŵĹͻȻð˳ҩģǹءˣлҪһֻ֣ϵҵ书
һ潲һı飬ҧгݣһ֣ϣøҳͷʵһԸɵкͻģ
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飬ˣɽݵʱ򣬰ޣɽ׶ҾӪ棬϶ҲΣգϣ㻹ԥʲô
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ͬһʱ䣬ֻǵˣڽ䱸ܹǵز˲Сȣ૵ĵ

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ܿɰһͷ

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167 ô
һжڵʯ֮䣬ʧȥһȺһֻ֣ҽеصʱ˲ŴӾзӦ
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ʦиķ򣬾ʲôȼʦֻٻʲôȼޣڳ޶ģܴﵽԪˮƽƥôһͷϵһԪڣ
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ĬȻ˵ͷ˵ȷʵе
ˣ̾ҲܰǴȥҲܶǲܣֻ͸ˣʵѹˣȬˣҲҪսԣõĹޣ
٣˵̫鷳ˣ˼ôС۾һз죬һףҰ鷳ȻһȬˣҲٹУǹ
˼ǾˣҪ˵ôп
ɬЦЦѵ߳񣬡˵Ķ˵ˣҸûعˡ
֡ͬΪȻЩͬĸоʵѧҹӵȥ
ҿӣҵļô죿ǧؼңǧˣˣǧ˾Ҫ
Զȥѹˡ̱տ廢񽫵ĺˣѾĲˣڣֵǹؼҶѡȻŤͷˣҵһع֮˵ѵˣһҲ䲻ҵ˼ô
Ȼףǰ͸Լ
Ϊʲôôһ١Ľ̵Ҳ³šŵһĽ;ǣƴӣȥһοһ
Ҳĺ
̾˿תȥֻĴ󵶾ڲԶıϡ
⵶оų߶೤ͨɫµ·ͷ߳ޣľ״ϸȥϲûմȾһѪǾȻһ͸Ѫɫĸо
ˢ
ץ󵶣а˾ʮһȦʱһӰӣ֮һֵѪɫ׿Ӷһǡ
õԵ̾һ䣬Ҳ̾˿ϧˣƶɮõ
ر󵶣Ҳȥ࿴һۡ
ʵ˵ûаϣΪʦʦҪֽҺȨȣһѵһʵڡţһĶۡ
߳˰޵
ȻѾ£˸ΰã࣬ҪŮĽ顣
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ֻܲ͸ˮƣһֻ˻ľͰ룬ڻˮһֱŸ߸꣬һֻˮ¿ֵشŽģ߳СϴˢˢϴˢˢҸİϴˢˢ
Ҫǣ
ϴʱȻɴǡƽһο˰޵ò
ȻˮĲǺȻڽǶȣֻһǾü٬Ŀ΢Уһ˿˾Ķǵ΢Цӿ˺࣬һˣ
ѹŮһֱɴ
ҪĿʾˣ֪ٺջˮǳ鷳
Щ㹻Ҫô

Ҫ֪еɺǺߵģϴ裬ȻҲܿǶǶصĴжмȥ͵һ޷Ůԣкһ֮߱ǰ͸Զˡ
ɶ˵ǣһкϵ֧˴գѾƣɴľ裬˻ɵСһͶÿģҲˡ
ٺ٣λֻǺܽ
Ī˿Ȼ͵һ£ŵתܡ
åôˣѷ˫һľͰʮˮˮҵʱһɴԾȻ󣬲ָ罣ݺݵشؿڣ
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㿪һ̣һһʧ󺰣ңܣȻµģ
ϧ̬ţ첻ܱһǣ޳֮ͽҪðͽɣ
ȥıϾ֮·ϣ޴̳˵ڶָ
Ů߰һָ˶ͷðָֻԪھ磬ķ֮ధ˵ģߣȻֲֲᷢܿܿĴ顭
ߣ㵱꺢ôֹҷ㣿޾ָָҪ¡
ʱѾù˲һˣԼӣҲܴ˻Ϊ֮ûд·ģȫشߣȻҶû
㣿
ָͣޱһ񽥽ЩãˣرһȰһɬҲһ㡭Σ
ޱסֱӽԴؿڣǳֱ

̾˿ε룬ûܵӷ֣ûʲôһ㣬ƶɮ˻ɡ໴ˡ
ûڵ໴һĸԣǲһԵ嶯Ի飡


169 ŮˣŮˣŮˣˣ
ۣ̫Բѽ
ţԵǽӣ²ڵġ
ףȥһֻСӣаȣ
׻һһ
ҹɫ£ɽӪһˮ棬ȫ㣬һʮֻһɴͷоϵϣ˱ű죬˵ݷţ༰˶
ԶɽͷϣɽķҡͷԵظʫعأ桒ںӣ֮ޣ񻡫Ůӡϣ

Ƶ¼ǵһηˣоװɵϣһ˵һȻʿѾУΰ׵
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ƣ飡ɫʶƶ鷨֣Ϸʿ۷飬ʿģ
۹ƵشЦһϯʤʮ飬ҵˮھӣ
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Ҳҳ֮Ҳ
ϣ

ô۲
û취̫ˣֻܳƪˣ
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ţһ£
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ӰѸȻ¹ڳ˳˽سŶԷһͷȻڵʦ磬ѧ˱Բܱˣ
Ҿ֪㲻Ȼøοص˵ͷ߰ɣȥӲľӣ
˵ʱ򣬰ŬԼƽ߳ȥʮ֮󣬻ǰԹŤͷղ¶
Ůôѽ
Ҳᣬǣǡ޿ɥһ䣬ˢˣ϶ûˢˣˣһҪˣ
µ㻹ɸʲôԴȻ̧ͷҪҵи顭
˵
ǶɶˣҲɶˣ硭ͻȻˣС۾˼رͽһ¡ǸҳȻզأҲһĴ󽫾һ֮ǮҲ٣硭㡭㡭͸ҡ
ιҵ˼Ѿˣû𣿸仰ѽ
Ȼְû۾һ
޸û˵
Ѿͷſ˵ϣŵ棬ĬĬؼʲôȻȻһգۼн˰ףȻľӡȫ䱸ˣ
˶٣Ҳ
˰ڵһ
˿ǾûϵѾԪ϶ˣԸһԪ¶Ҳڻ£°˰
Уü˰˿ɲһϻս󣬰˰֣ȺԪ϶Σܳ㣡
һŮ㻹ûпˣֻƾ䣬ȷԷʵ
˻ȷˣЩˡһЦҸǴ꣬ɱӵֻܱҪһҾȷǵݣɵ۹Ӧ˰ٽѪ
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ͫ׼Ҫ֪ӦǾĴ˵֮ףų޵д˵ݣܹһΣм֮棡
ԴƽҲԣǣԲУ
޻䣬պȻִɿɲǼ䣬Ʋ㱻һȺˣѧ֮ĿܿͿЩ϶ɫıǣԲΣųɡƷеľ
常ӣӣľڴˣ
ЩƣɽͷʫɽһԵ˹ɫңһҲϳˡ
ʲôľɵؿһ۰ޡ
ľɭֵ֣˼޵ɫˣǵķˮôȻ˵
ףӦΪĴ˵֮һ
ɣӦȻһˣ
ݺݵһ䣬Ȼվʿӭ˵

ͬһʱ䣬ľӪǰ档
һѪɫͷһƥɫͷվһʮҵŮż磬ϱѷˮ̣Ů˰ƥսں̳͸һӢˬ
һӷڰһֻ˫ͻȻ壬ڵϹһҵĴ硣
ɳУһѪӰ˽˫ıȻһ˦ĳЦһյ޶ʱгͣڳ˸ơ
һ֣˴Լĺ췢ŮˣֻŮ곤ꡣ
Ůˣ
ͷľȻŮˣȻһ۰ޡ΢΢üͷһ֣ʾҲʶŮˡ
㣡Ůȿ˿ڣھӪɨһȦֻһУָһ
ϣã㲻ҪѽѾԤأ
˵ǺŮ˳˸ۣЦλõģ
ҪŮˣе֣ŮһЦѾˣȵȵãһ͸ʵ˵һԣ
ô˵أŮŤ֫Թ˭ұˣ˼ȵأҪ˵ˣǽˡҪƽһССĽѵŶ
Ҫҷ㣡
˵ʲôأ
ûŮ˵˼ҲԼſɱһЦλŮ
ŮĵӦһŮȴɫһ䣬ŭ޳ɮҿڳᱡô
ǲ˵˵˵Ǻðɣ˾ӪżϣЦеλҹɱҵǰҪ¸Ǹ˵ôƺ
飡ŮرԼ֣½ǸӦĶŮ
ǺŮ˿Ц˼ɶԪ˧˼ң˼еһɶ㣬߰׽㣬
֧ɵľӣΪ죬ɶܳΪ֮һضţ
Ů˾㲻˵ˣҲ㹻˵ǲ𰡣ĵװԹһЦʶˣλ˵һ˵ɣΪʲôΧҵľӪ
Լµ飬Լ𣿡ɶЦеܵܣ˵ˣ˹Ӷ㣬Ҫȡͷأ
˵ţЦ绨ãȴͻȻӿٶȣһգ۾ǰ˫һ˫ۡ


170 գ1
ûԼ˭ɶָѾ̵Ƥ磬εƤۡ
ߣǹģָ񿪰ɶ˫֣һ˦һն˰ɶ°ͣЦеŮæŶְȰѻ˵Ҿ˭Ͷ־𣿡
ϣеܵѽҪһУɾͲƯأ
ɶȻͷ۾˱ɫ쳤һֻ߿ڣȻ̵
һУסˡ
һǡľеġʽԭǱԼĵһ޻̵ֵı촫ڸģôɶҲط
С۾ˣŮǺˮأ
˵ţðɶ׽ʱͬһоʽ˳ɵĲߣǡ
ʽɶȻʲôˣ
˵أ
ȻԲĹϵʱ˿̣ҲֻŲðɶƽľ̸ˣʵʵ˵Цеһо̵ģͽܰɡأ
ϣǴˮ
ɶȻˣЦҪһСʦˣ㵹ˣҩʦôղʹΪʦأ
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ɶЦһСʦܣҩʦ֮½Ҳ𣿡
ȵȣʲôʧЦҪɱˡǻģ
ף㲻ǻ𣿡ɶҲסˡ
ӷ𣡡ָԼĹͷоһǻ𣿡
˵ţһԲĴӴӸľӺ˹һһ򣬱Ҽү
ǰ䤱ع£סĴȺ޵үûдˣΪأⲻǰӳȥ֮󣬰λͰ㱨𰡣

һᣡ

֪ѾɵˣɶЦصǸȻʦ֣󷽷߽˾Ӫ
Ҳ˽֪Լղ֮С˵ģͷһֱ˼˵Ȼû˸ղŵӢˬ
ɶЦҵСʦѽղǶԲסأǸĻͲ˵ˣʦǷһ֡һתˣʦأ˼Ҳڳ𣿡
ɶڲɵʱ򣡡ز廰ΪأȻʦǾ˵˵ҵ⣡
ţ˵£
ò磬Цظ˸һм񣬲룬˫۶ӣˢһӾͺˣ½СˣҸղŰ㵱ɻģ˻𣿡
ߵСѾͷ̲סЦ˳ȻͷָôţЦλŮҲΪİɣҪϣҲţļ仰ɱкͻģֻҽڽأ𣿡
ûɶ̹һ˳ĽڣȻɵӲŻΪأ
˵ţһָ飺СҲǳģúϣǿڳϣʱˡ
֣ղŶеˡٴεǸ
ЦеȻΪģǾͺ˵ˡһ𿪷ô³֮󣬲ʲôƽ֣
ʦܺˬѽɶյߣϴ˿ģ˵ʵСʦܿɲҪŶ㿴Һ͸Сô˵˵һСƽֱ⻰Ҳ˵ȥѽ
ʦô֣
ܹ߼Һ͸һһ㣡ɶЦ
ȻվǱģ˵Լõö࣬Խܣɹؼǡôˣһ֪ı߷أ
𼤶ѽɶΪǲ䷽ЦõĶ࣬ȻҪеķգһ仰ֻҪͬķ䷽ʽ͸飬ͰϿյĶƣ
һԵϢ
žž
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λô˵ˣû𣿡ЦǾˣֻҪ߼еһ֮
ͿֵǮıΪǺ׬ˣһ⻰ɶ͸һ£Сʦܣʲô𣿰ѽ㲻᲻֪ʲôɣ
εЦˡ
ҵСʦѽɶһ˵ӣֵ̯ðɣҸ˵һ˵ءţҪȥ˵𡭡
ɶ˵ɣ˼ؿ˿ɫȻֵɫƺա֪أ
գ
ֻ黺ԹݵǿߣһЩ˻ŵʱңҲųꡣЩģԺӰǿߣΪգΪɣֻûץסѣԣһ˾ͱ֮Ϊ񡯣
ȻѾˣһЩżҲӦúϤЩż֣磬̨廢񽫵İݽ̳ʵçʬĹƹ̸󡭡
оʮֵ֣ھ˿ЩżôĳЩӵ˿ЩżȴǼֵǣ
ͬصͷ̨ڣܸԼһȫµ꣡
ȵȣ
է֣ѿڵ˼ǡż桭˼꣡
ǣÿһżһλ꣡
ңָԶأϤ̨꣬ҲһżΪǶ
Ƕ˭ꣿüֻ֪ɺç¹ڣŶٷһܣɵӶ¶ĺҲǶ¶ƺϼĵȼɣ
¶Ȼ񣡡Ƕأգɽ˫ֻһ֮ңǶһƿҩɱ˵չʸ񣡣
Ƕǡգ
С۾ųһɿµ̰֮⣡
˵ʴɢܾˣһҩʦ񶾷յʮ֮⣬ոꡭ
˵ʴɢ۾ݣ˭¶
աһ֣ǰٶֵĴʣ
Զ˵ÿһż涼һǿ꣬жЧġ꾭ֻأԺ϶иĻǣЩװ˼ꡭ
뵽࿪ʼˡ


171 գ2
СʦܣʲôأɶĹâһͻͻط
еС۾̫ˣܳ˵
ûʲôֻ̫ˣæôã֪ʲôˣٺһЦС㣬鷳˵ô£
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³ա͵˺ʿ֪ݻż˭𣿡
ûܲĳε̾˿ΨһȷǣַǳǿҸڲ֮䣬ÿһżѳ߿飡
Ŷ˿û֪־ͺãΪܶ༣ݻż֮һľǾ
С㣬Ȼأ
ż֮ļҲʧȥУ˿ԱõĹ»ҰǰҲйܸ˴һЩǳı仯
ף̨ѳ߿麣ɰٴʯÿһܶ˽
һ仰û˵ϵĺɰٴʯͿٻꡣ
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˵ţӻóһ鵭ɫʯ飬ǰ߿鸴ʯ֮һ
Ӧôõģ
漴ˣ֮ԴȥбϢΪһͻȻԪҩʦҩʦ϶õһ鸴ʯó飬ȻǴҩʦˡ
ȻЦСòţɱһ˵ҩʦ֪֮Ƕٵʱҩʦڸõһ鸴ʯ
ٺ٣Ǵ˵ҩʦһظָɵˣԭǸС㰡
࿴˼۸飬ҩʦԪڣܸɵҲҪԪڵĵȼɣ
ͬɶʸ͸ƽƽʵҲӦԪڣ

ôһͬŽ֣ܵȻƶɮղſɾҪʬˡ
Сʦܣ鸴ʯͲһġɶЦҲܿʦܣǾˣ³֮Һ͸ֻҪԵ鸴ʯȫ㣬
Թ̾˿Ůʦ㣬Ͳټһ𣿡

֪˶ڸֵõôҪãԼһ翪أͰ׸ȥϢ
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ѽǲСײϴ𣿡
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˵ˣ³ȥһˣǧסһ֮ǰҪκһж֣
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ܸж֣
ĨĨԼĹͷ޾ͨʲô˰
˵УȻĻģػʬסӣףʬоһ
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ûоˣյڲԶƶɮȥգ
뵽һС߽˹Ѻе
֣þò
еֽŽҧˣһչţϵĺҲˣ¶һɢŶŧס
ˡڻж棬űӵô£ÿ˶ŧӣ
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ǴУֵˣƲƲ죬еС˵Щˣ֪Ϊˡˡڵġ
֪Ԥԣһ
ֹ֪һⶫأ
һŵͼչڻǰʵ֪ͼ˵𣿡
ͼڸ֮ʱõͼѾƲˣͼͷǣʾһλаħͷ
ȻħͷǿԳΪģ˻еΪаħĵַ
ľѣѪָаջ󣬳ٵаħ˼䣬ּ⡭
һͼԤеġаƪȻȻ̧ͷȥرô
֣㲻÷²ûʸ𣿡ЦһʽףֻҪң⡶аƪеĶħҾͷ㣬ջֽϵطһˣ
Ҳˣ
һֻзˮʦʸԲСǴ
ǴǴػؾͻһ𣿡ҡͷУǷ²Үͼ˼ȻҿҪ̱ƹŶ
̣еЦݸˣͷԼõؿڡһ̱ƹһҵأʮǰռҸ׼һսۣûսŤת¡ġġʮߣһһ˺ҧҵĿڣȻҵഩȥ
ҵۣΪһռƣȬˣȴı˶ˣˡʴǴһ꣬ҵһĸãʹҼȥ
һ׮׮ĽԼ˿ڣЦ˵¼仹ʲô̷ܱǴпᣬ̣Ⱳ̹ʮߴǴ̱ƹ

ЩǴɵģ
ϸ˿ϵ˿ڣȻ֣ˮʦƷ⣬ɱҲٰ
ǴпЦɣһеֶĥҺˣġұĥ֮ǰһٴУռˣҪԤģҪۿδ
˵ţͫʧˣ˫۱ѩɫͬʱ߸һ㵭ˮ
Ȼռˣ


172 ʧĻ
ûֹУΪҲ֪Լδ
ðɣæҿϷЦеϣһˮƷ衣
죡
أ
ߺ˻У֮һңǰˣ³ǲǱĸңң
ŵľŴ֪Ȼսһ㣬ռԤԵȴǵǷ켫ûκεߣû̫Ḷ́򵥵һ仰ռȫ̡

Ƭ֮ˮɢдͷһƵġڡ
֣ռĽЦʵôģǮģǮٶģ

вûлشַһͬڡ
֣˵仰ѽͷ㲻ǻ뼷𣬿˵֪Լôģ

Ǹڣκһβ࣡

࣡

࣡
࡭
һУˣڴࡣ
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֣ιɲŸ˸飬ѣ˰
࣡кһıݣȻ˯ĺ
žž
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ʶЩԾõžŴ֪֮һֻһͨˣҲѲˣ
ûע⵽ڻпʼʱҹУһƬ˸ȺľſǣеһǺȻð޹⣬ŻɵĹâ׹䣬һš
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վȺ֮УڱĿϢ̧ͷҹգȻ̾˿ʦܣˡ
ʦȻŴٻжʮ϶Ǳɱģ˱ߵعط˭
ȥ˾ȥˣαԩԩ౨أҡͷ

˼εƿˣм곤˲ģֵΧһȺĴһŻ档ǻոճ֣ͻȻѿЩըЩˡ
ףȵ۾
ף⼸ı𣬶ռеĻ淨ӻֵӣǼḻ֪֣Ȼռʧˡ
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ҲãҲ֪˭ôı£Ȼֿܵĸ˵ռ
ڽһָһˮ֣Χ
ˮɵģԼ͸Ӱ˵⼸ˣˮֻӣȻ͡žһˣ֮С
ԭˡ
Ȼ̾ʦܲû
ʦûıôᡭ
ҪѹεʦҪռһʲôʱˡŵҡҡͷ˵ǳŹֻ֣а٣ȴжൽ޷٣ʦ˳һ·׷ȥ׷׷ȴôҲҲ˵յ㣬ԣʦܵʧ˵ˣһûĻˣ
һһ
ûֻһͨˣĺ̨̫Ӳٶൽ޿ɼ㣬ûνյ㣬ҲԶһ˵Ҳֻʧˡ
߰ɣǾڲԶˣĪЩȴҧгݡ
Ҳյ㣬ʧˡٺ٣ɱˣʦ岻ͿҵȻعôûһҪɱǸ֣

ʱ򣬿Ѿ˳ǵʱӻе߳
бֲˣҲֻýʱڹײɽׯ޿Ѻ֪ռֻʲôʱĽ־һֲ˰ɣ
·ӪεʱɽڳʮֻƶʫԣһϤףûǵĴɵӣ˵һ䣬ǣţȥѶŪһκǣ
Χɶ͸ѾԴ׼ˡ
ֻɶķޣ˴ɫƤɶһιʳһֵɫҩ裬İ˰ѪȦӱܣ²һ㣬벻ƽⶾơ
λŮ׼ˣЦ
ɣһǶƣŲµķˮ󣬶ǽĵͼˣǷ
˵ͽҵȫرʮֵͼʱóַЦͼλŮʼɣ
һͼɶ͸Ե˵ͷ
Сʦܣˣôƽģ
һЦɶͻȻ۸ߺʱķ޵ͱ˼ʮһͷͷޣÿһδϢܺʮɵĿ磬ÿһĴغ¡¡죬ɶһӴ˫طһָͷȻͺηسȥ
ǣЩȻӽ֮󣬲ûбںӴһĶȻҲǶൽ޷ʮκΧĶƾࡣ
еĽⶾ󷨣ȺԽȫڣһ·
΢΢һЦȴ͸żֱģ취޵עҲֻڶĵطʹã໹мְ취Ҳʿȥðգ
ǸСôЦеʵ
߽ȥ
ۿʿǻˣһ񵭵ЦݣŵЦҡڵ߽˶ƣǰ˰ٽѪҲö֮ظں棬ƺЩûѶƷϣЦǼҸľʦĸ˰Ѫǰٶֵģ
ɣ
ɵ͵͵ָȻ˿ʯͷһףЦصŶɢ
ʱҵдصشϢÿӾһΣ𣿿𣿡
֣żҲûãЦ
һ̾ԳֱһǧӾǰˣġ
⣡˸ָ죬ۿɶѽһ·ˣ糤磬͵سأ¶ƶɮϹžˣ


173 ģֶΣ1
ռɽͷһȵĹȺ¶ӦþһɽͷǶǶյ֮ء
Ѿһǧ꣬飬Խ֮ͺͰ׸˷ֱֿ¶ķ㡣
ߵ·ͻȻͳһ£ƺǶˡ
֪˵ʲôЦֻһʣĻǣȴ꣬¶աҿ϶Ҫһ
ĬȻͷ
ѡһıѡǰյջʵڱȶ¶˲֪٣Ψһ˭
ģ϶ţЦԪ϶֮ԤУҵġ꾭Ҳˣ˶¶꣬յȼˣ
ɵ͵һ
лĻͱ˵ˣн죬һģҲӦõģЦʹӦˣƶɮ⣬Խϣʲô
˵ţȻǰһֻӴĺӰ
ֻ䣬ɫС۾ѩɫëƤ·һһĵġûһֻӣǰһվһֻȻҪߣһֻȻСɽһ˱ؾ֮·ϡ
ԴһͻȻвһԴ
ţЦС꣬϶ܵӰ죬һֻӣɱ˾ǣ
ԭǶӰģ˵أ
Ҳûϣ߸Ծӵĺϣһնͽӵ
ѪζһȺֻм׳СǣЩϳԴһӵʬ壬ʵسжѸ٣ץӣӦöǻԪϵǣⳡ棬һ֣֮޻ǱϡŹأ
ʱȺˡˡС۾һתðһ⣬ľطЩͬսԼë档
ϲ˼ֻǣԺܵʱͶһСһǳȺ
ٺ٣
ǰУһ·ϣȵĸ󡣬ͷʨӣӦó½ϵצ㣬ֹֲҲˣʳ˻٣ݣֲҲ˹ǵʵǿʵս̬ԪɱͽɱˡͬʱϵѺȺȵʱ˴ϵȺһǧƥൽװµĵز
ѾȲˣߴٵɱȥҲǰ취ʮžϣһ·
ϣ
˫һţʮΧװһܽȻîǰ񱼶ȥ·֣̱׸Ƭ
һ·һĹ԰ǰȿľεضĸĹдд֣ç֮Ĺ֮Ĺ
ˣɱһޣһʱǰһŭķţӷɮҲǷˣκͽɱ
кУ
͵޽˵ǧܸж֡ô޾ȻԤ֪Լ
Ĺ԰ѾһȺռˣԼжʮǶǳ˫ţɮ۲ȴûвӣǶܸߣݣƤɿ壬һѵƤЩеҲ˼һֻŵأһֻ׳һһȵ˫ǰʮ۾͵͵ڷнǱȽϺ붨ţΪɮá
ͺ¿һԼķĹռ죬ҼлԼķĹ棬ɲȻŭң
𶯣ǵ֣
⵽ǵ֣ɫˡ
ףΪʲôȻжˣɶԷ˽Ĳ࣬ЦʮжѣǿȻǺԪ϶Σٿ壬϶ܳǣ
֣ٿǵ֣ء
ָ£ϸһֻкжֻоŸָʳָȱٵʳָǿģҲȱݣΪָƤʻҺɫһĻɫŧףȻյģ
ǶյԼʳָɨصʦ˵ڷǰյԼʳָȼָǧɳЩжϵĿɮսԲܴӱԽԽ찡ȼָĺУǺµһ֣
ҲˣɭȻҡǺҲŹأ
˵ʱһʮĺѾ˹˵ǸͷߣԪ϶Ρ
ɮѣ㿴㶼ʲôָŭ
һ·ɱʬҰĳ棬ЦϣλɮѣҲû취˵ҼҵرҰռˣ˵ʲôҲɱѽ
ݱ飿
иһţŭҷдȱģ飬ոιӥҲϧɮѣΪһ˽Ȼɱ¾ǧ飬֮գգ
µľǺ˵̣¶ʮ֮ѾܹˣɵЩеʵֻЦϴʦ˵ĶԣҴˣˣ
˵ţϹ㿴Ѿ֪ˣպҲ϶⳥ǲҽȥһҼԼأҲɣ
ʲôɱȥǣＱĴ̫ԼˣѾ˲ˡ
֣𼱣ܲͲ򣡡
ЦǺǵϴֱ߽أǣûͽȥлл
Ǹ͹ôסɫҷ˵ƽȣɮɱ¾࣬иͣڴȥ
ʱðһɻ
УƶɮɱһЩҲûɱǵѣǻˣ˵ʲôɱ¾Ϊ羯죬棬ܵҲ̫˰ɣ
Ҹôأ촽ʵ
ȽЩΪǵĹǰǧȻƶɮȥ£˼꣬ˣſȥɮѵЩ鰲Ϣӷ𣡡
зׯϣƺ˵ؼȷ
һ£ʵѾʾЩеݣûֻˡꡯƳƳЦ˵ģҶϴˡɣҼأȻ¡
ڣӣɫʩʹ˼
˵꣬ţĹ԰ĺվһǰʷһץŷӣǰǡˢˢˢ׳飬һ
ǣɱһЩ𣿡
ϵļȻЦе䣬ˣĹ԰ĶҪץǲǣ٣ٺ٣ЦУĻһٶ


174 ģֶΣ2
ıȺˣռز˵ЦĽץԼҪذƺЩˣָ𣬺еοЦеĲȻŭһܾίûǵӡ
൱ϣü١
Ĺ԰аħƶɮش˵أҪѹаħȶˣ֮˵ƶɮ˳ˣĴԿգĶƶɮ죡бߵƶɮɮѽȥһɮȷʵɱڣƶɮ㱻аħƻҪ㰡
ùûʵ˵ѽ
϶ЩأƲǲô˵ʵǣռҼҵأҽȥǿ飡
ӷǿҲãҲգƶɮڷ棬˶ˡ
̾˿ɮӲһУִأƶɮҲֻñģֶˣ
Ҳ̾˿
Ȼ޵ľ滹ڶƣ˵ֵز˫Ѿûл͵أ벻Ҳˣ
ٲ֣ƶɮҪ۸ô
Ц˵ŷϻֵ͵͵ųȫʱһٶ̫ͼϵķ飬
׷ӣӵһٻҷ
žڵϣʹһʦĹ̻壬ţȻųк
ƶɮģ½Ժɮѵֶˣ
˵ţϵģӭض̫ͼ棬ײ˼Ӳǽڣڡ¡¡ıըɢȴ
ɮʦһЦһķΪ̾ɾϧɮĵزƶɮֻýܻش£ҷķѬˡһָյľһŴƵ
Ŀ˱޿ɱܣ޴ӣͱĹ
ǺǣۿܣƽΪȻʦ㣬屻֮޷ȻҪ־ܡӷ𣡡
˵ţоط֣汻˺ҧһһСȱڣϸϣһСǴ˳ʮֻΪһȺƴ˺ҧ
ܿ죬ľͱҧһ֣Ծ˳
ðɣʦԸ㣬ҾʦֶκˡȺ裡
һʱһǧֻС˺УЩڰ·ʱӾѾ仯ľǴСһ֧
źжԸȺʱеķ飬֣潻ˣ
ιУˣбԼǻʵرԼǿ˺ܶ࣬ԸֻɲٿԼ壬þֲȼϵȱݡ
һ˲䣬ʱ񱩣ƿ֮챩һĿհֽţ
Լķ㱻ռݣֱǧӾǰȴأʬһ־;飬˫ǰ߾٣תȦȻԽԽ죬𽥻֣ǧ֣֣
Ӱÿһſհͬʱ̫飬ǬɲǼǧһǧ
գǲ࣬ԼǧҪҹʱ䣬ɡӣӣ
ͺ¿ӵأ
ǧɣɵȻ˼ʮһصаħǧǧһ˺еͷ
ʱ򣬺иոմȺİΧѳ̧ۿʵɣȻһ
ô£ǰеʵȻ;ʹ͵ĺа
ԼԼأðһС
ҧ۱ԼϣӲĹǣȻ˫ֻסԼüġüǺеѨڡ
룬Ѿ۲쵽˺е㣬޴İͷ֮ͻȻָֻһʳָʳָϸС̴̣˲̴ۣ˺е˫֣õ˺еü֮ϡ
ۡ
пһѪŭʦǣаħһ֣
ȺŹɷЦ߰ȺŹӶǲɣ
۶ųĺȺԼϡžžžžߵ˲Ԫɱ֮һŭɱ˺ȺС

ʮ֮
һзƽ˾Ĺ԰ĵݴĺɫҺ壬ÿһĹѪ򵽣Ѫ÷ſһ̺죬Ĺ԰Χǽ棬ͷޱѪζͼȥʬ壬Ĺ԰ĿŰɱȴǵͷǰ
ӷɮɱŰ׹ħƶɮ΢Ȳˣ
ͷĺлվĹ԰룬üѿһѪűصͬźǣȻ̾˿ŷ𾭻ȥҲ;ƿݵĵز
ɲûΪʱվһĹ棬·˺ѣ϶ˣǺһڷŽ䵶򿳵ۣѿһһ׳˿ڣƤⷭѪϵӿ
ȻɵľʽԶʤЩУϾֻԪ϶ΣЩ֮ѾĴۡ
̫Ԫ
ó˷ħ߾еطϵ˿ڿʼˣҵս֮Ҳûж֧̫Ԫȫãۿ֮ˣҴҵط͵Ѿˣٻ¶꣡
ϣ
ûĿȨʱһĵľʹҧɵð̾һָղƴˣΪ˾м¶ʮߴˣ
ڣЩȻˡ
µǣɳֺɱ˶ʮУǽˣȫϣ֪Щʲôʲôǿ
ʲôԼµģԼͱ뿹ġ
˵¶ĺǾɵķĹ棬ҵѾû俪ĹˣһĹǰ档
Ĺһŷŷ滹дһд֣˵аħԿǴӦ
аħ
ղŻľѾǿüˣһаħǡ룬ǺΪռرĽڣԲûзϡ
ֻһ¶ʲôаħ
¶аħԼѾɴˣ˺Լɷ
뵽Ӷȥ˷ϵֽ
¡
ͻȻһףһ̧һֻֽأ˻ҺɫܼҪ׵ӡ
ɣԾֽһȥ䣬ѵûƭңһаħ
ҡҡͷͷ˦Ժڿ˷ͷ
ÿһλӶյɫ㰵һ֣ڿ㣬¶һھӨ͸ĹײĵʱѾ׹ɽϺɫ֮пܴ
һ׺ȻߵһĹ
Ҫ𣿡Ȼеˡ


175 аħ
ʲôаħ
ͨУĴаħˣѪȣ鷸ƣ߻񣬷ǲɺµһˣ
ھݴ½Ǿݴ½ɮ˺ͷˮʦаħ׼ȷġνаħУѭ顣ֱһǣźɲ˵ˡ
Ƕ˵ͻУй¶̫ҲԳ֮ΪаħǴħͷ
ײĵʱ򣬴ħͷСħͷҲ˳ǵĳţͬʱҺɫƲҲǵͷ
ǴǴ
һƲ͸Ϻɫ׹⣬ķˮʦŶʱȻɫ䡣
һˮʦڳһضкҪõʦֵܶ˽ȥһˮʦ߲ʮкǺֵΧһȦһˮʦÿĺۣ棬С·ǴˣһɱĿ϶й¶̫ͱǶˣ
˾һܵˡ
ǵ󣬿γ̾
ΪһˮʦΪˣԸָ㷢ұѨ𾴷ޱȣҲй¶̫ʱҪǴıӦ
߳ϵķˮʦǴǰǴʹ࣬ɱ
Ҫңϸ˿ϵƣкǴǳģ
ȷˮʦŻЩġ
ǿ׹ӣָǾ׽٣ɱаħģνаħ˵˾ŭɺ޲ýҵˡأǣǶٵй¶൱׽٣Ž¾ף
ˮʦ˿ǵĺҲˣȻǳģ˭ʲôֱ£Ǻ޵ҧгݣ޲þ׽ң
ٳ֣ǵѾܲˣֻС졯֪˭ɣȻ̾˿

߻صء
ŷƿһھӨ͸ĹײĳǰҲȷʵһ˵ĺǣѾΪͷ̫øˣҲȱȫʣµĹҲǲ̬ɫжǰòݡ
֣Ƕ¶𣿡ָŹײĳɵ
⡭ҲԥˣϿ¶ӣع¶ʱȷʵȫɫǡЩ죬һɡ
ƺǷʲôæԣǰľɫʱһ䡣
ǡȵĳ͡
ֻУǶʮĺ겢ûɢȥڹײĸһȦĿڤѹаħľģоҲû۾ֻǵ˵һ䣬ɮѾܽ磬ӷգաϼ
֣Ǻ񡭡
ҲѹأЩеִţ֤û˽صͷҲѹаħɵЩɱˣѾһֻߵбǻ۽ǵĹͷϿ˶ʮڹꡣ
ɮѣѾˣαǵأֵ
Ц
ʱɨɮ˯ʱͷһڹ꣬ȻëǮһʦֵǲιۡʱЩͷϻڹǣȥܵظȥ֣ᱻɨɮϳܵܺõչˣ˵лڴıһ
ǣܵظ鷳ţ
Ӷǻ۽Ще곬ߣȻϸ˿ײģ־˫Ҳ޷͸ײ꣬ü֣Щеӣײһаħ
ǻܰ𣿡ɾȻǻ۽ңײģһһʲôаħ
û⣡ǻ۽ɣԼһԡ
ϣ˹ײģǧķֱѾȵ̫ˣֻʣһͷ
ײһֻаħ¶ֻҪаħͺãʲôӣ㶼ɵӡʲô鷳ɸڴ󺺻ʹߣվܻȥһΪ㡭
¶ˣ
һૣ˿˹ײϵķ
¡
ʮ׺ȻȻ۳һ״ֵݺݵɵķĹϣ׹ƺǧԹޣû˷κȫ˽Ȧ֮ڵϣ̼ͽĹ촷ۡ
ţڶˣĸ
ǧ籩ӳҲϺɫ׹ƺɱ꣬ݺݵͷһѳֲס࣬һеǻ۽Щѡ
֣㣬ҵķ࿸סףæ𣬡ģɣôùײ𣿡
ɵĶȴǳᣬһؽҿȻĶԽԽˣ۽ǽʪˣ˫Ҳɵòˡ
ԭŷ𣬹ײһꡭһֻ˳𪾧ӨŮ˵С֣һֻҲˣһöŮԻĽָȻ˫סײĸһ¶ֻ򣬺һȡ
ɫĵϴɫĳȹ
ûûϲ¶ʱ·Ľָ
˵ţ͵ƿײĸǣס꣬ʵ¶ҵһǧ꣬ڼˡ
ûأһ˹ֱɺ֮䣡ɶʱɫһ䣬¶ǧ꣬Կסһ׵ģ
׼ˣ
Լĵǣ˫ֽӡȵ¶뱻𣬾ͲҪҵĻǣΪҵ꣡
⻰ɫȹӲ˲ĺˣһͳ˵ǡ
һɳʵĿγɣھλ
ͬһʱ䣬׺ҲĿ꣬ȥֱʵıɫ
ǳˣ˿Ҳ̫ɣ֣ûƭǣײǶ¶Ҳ϶аħˣ㵱ĵ㣡
аħħҲɵӣ
̤س嵽˵ǰ棬һѱסĵ꣬ʵ¶һǧˣܿˡ
૵黰Уɺ͵궼سĬˣһʱ䣬ӵ컶ָˡ
ʱҲ˵ıӰ
ǵģֻбӰΪʮֺߵؽԴɵĻκһòĻᡣ
һĽССӣһɫȹɫ廨ŮЬƤۿˡûˣ϶ŮˣǶ¶ˣƺûʲôԡ
Ȼɺ͵һͬЦǰȥϲӣʲôأ
Ǻǣط꣬ʧ̬ˣ̧ͷϲõЦݣʵ¶Ҳ̫𣿡
껺̧ͷŬάһı飬ȴ۽˳ѩ׵ĺۼһһˣҪ۵ķȣҲޣĲޡһǧ˼ҵһα˷񣬷ȰʰȫˣҲޡ
ⲻǶ¶
һͷ


176 ˼
Ӱο仰ĵӡ
ӱ濴ȷǸĽСұ˫΢͵ʹʵǿǸʮͷӣһͷȾɫİ׷߰ѣһĴƣڴͿͺͼƵĻɢųζһ̲ס˳
ֵǣ⼦ƺͿĨϣͿһŮõ֬ˮۣһ͸ź죬͸źڣ͸˰ĹɫҪô˾ôˡ

̬
ˣŪôһаհӰݡ⡯ꣿ
֣ԲǴ˵еġٹɣѿڵҪǡجҪǧһɹ
зȣҲƽϡ껺һʳָҡҡɫأԸ˵أ
ǸˣЦضλٷ磬Σʲۣ˳һ֦滨ѹġĸһ䣬մ
ǿЦͷϵ껺ҡҡͷСѣȻ㿴ҵһСŵ㣬ǣ˲ҪΪ˱һδ˵˼̬ҵţ֮磬֮ƣǧ곾Ի̣ҲգһҪһƺ
˵ţ̵̧һȣ̧˵ڶȣȻһǰŲһСξ롭ϰʶߡ
ԽƬ̬ǰҼҵĴȻأ˺СأԼԴϡ
˼׺ˣ



ðɣ˼סɬһĭ֣㿴㶼ҵˣǾ˵˵£صʲôٹô
ˣ֮ã˼ͷʮ죬һһٵԾڴˣҪԡˣи˵ķȣ˵֮Ǵ˵ֻᣬԴ
ϼһô˵Լ־Ͳ˵һûõʲô
ץˣ

ͻȻһȣһ㽫˼˵ڵأһֻֿסĲӣһֻסͣ˵ΪʲôڷĹأ
һǧ꣬ײȴһ񾭲ʧȥֿѾŭˡ˼ҵķΡҪ֪ЩɶǶ¶ǰﰡһλǵȹӣָ¶һͷϣλ˸ܵʲô裿
ɼȥˡ
˸ˣڴˣȻи˵ɣƾԼĺ˼
ãҲΪʲôɵĲ𣬡ֻ㣬ӵ
Ҫԡ˼Թʳ̬Ƶ˵¶Ȼȥȥ֮
ȥ
Ҫԡ
˵˵Ų𣿡
Ҫԡ
ͽңЩֶΣʵ˵
ˣ
ž
ˣˣˣ
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179 
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㣿
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ָֻ˻Ԫ϶ΣûܴӮԪ۷࣬౾˸ţֻһŷ飬Ű޵ļһ
һֻԪֻðʧȥսϾǿɮ׶Ҳ׷ɱġ
뿴ϮһЦһŹֵӡֵĳৡز˵ϣȻߵĴظֳһӰǧͻȻӴس罣ٲ༱ٵת
񷣬֮
͵ǰһҹһƣһһϮ£һɴɱ˴£ֻƾһڵλֱĳϣ磬ôɵĽ
һ˵޺ɹϵĽʲôֵģһǰѹ׵ľУ
Ҳͣһ౻Ӱ֮Уһͳ˺ȺļУ˻ı
Ѿɴˣ׾ٵסڻĵĲϣЦ˭Ҷ֣
һжڵʯ֮䣬ոմӽаѳһӱܣŭòҪŮʩСʲô£
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֮󣬰ޱþһλŮɱ񣬽˻ĵĲһɹɵѪ˳ųڵϣһ仰ҪĻ̸ҹӪң
ĸߺţһԪڣȻһССĻԪƤӵв˵ӣ޴氡ܲ˼ӵֻҧһغˣգգŮʩǸ˺һָƶɮٲ
ôĿͺ뿪˿
Ю˻ģ֮٣϶鷳Ҳֻһһˡ
СӸϽѽҪҾͶҪȥˣĳԼó϶³Լˡ
ţ޺Ȼһ׳ķţӷʦ壬ҷɱаħҪЮɱʣʩһ֮
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Ҫʲô
ͻȻʶԼ̫͹¿ɮ־ˣһߣѾ𣬡ģʮ꣬ճʣ·գ
һӣ䡯һ죬ġԱˣ
޷Ӧ죬̷˳ȥʮ׿⣬ߺ޵һˤгͺ¿ҲҪѱСˮô
Ůʩ㻹кλ˵
Զ˻ߵħͷҷӣҲаħһ
ӷ𣡡һٶͬʱߺʦɻаħ
һ϶ΪаħɮǾ͸ҿɱˣ
һ棬ʿ֪ҪǲɵЩԼû취ⶾҲӲͷƤ۵˰ߣС㣬򽫾ڣģսɣ˶ƴ˲л·
ǣ
ʿߵɱˣȻӸû꣡
ԼѾȺ֣üͷ壬ϾǺУһɱ˵ġ
ܿ죬Ц˳Ƕ˻ĵĶ

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Цĸӿˣͺðˣգƶɮк֮£ҷдȱ֮ģΪħıʿֻɻΪ׵Ůħͷˣ
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ʿǶŹֵ࣬ڿһͷյĴţ
ΪƶɮЦҪˣƶɮ࣬ǶյʦܣѧʲôƶɮҲͬѧ
˵ţץ˼ѣʲôװ˲棬Ȼ׵ӪϿգһȣҷȱƶɮѣֻýյаֶɻŮħͷˣ

ڰбըɢ޾ĵɫĩɢմÿһʿ˳ǵƤ
һУžӪһȦĲЦŮħͷ˾綾ֻʣһյǶ
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ǣӻ֣Ūһۣ˶ôܣǶӴ˽ۣôΨС˶
ʿǶı£Сʱ֮󣬡ۡһһѪήҵص˵ϣȥźУ
С㣬жˣʿƽ¡


181 Ӷݵĸʯ
ྐྵȻһС
޿ЦӪˣ֮⣬ˡһһᡯһֶҩⶾҩһһкͣɱжǣΨΨûжң
С㣬ǣǸô죿
ȥܵԽԶԽã
޵ز˿סղ˵ĻȻСӣһΪȥǶġ

վûиϻȻҲصӪһ·ϾȻһǧУЩĴƺѰʲô
Ҹôĺна壬רС·£ʱΧ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳͬ鷳
ɰ͵ģôôĺУſһһŲ֪ŪƤͷϻһֻѣдʵǲɻĴܣпңǲɻĴܡ
һдӲԶ߹ŵһ飬ȫ档
ž
ͻȻһֻİļŤͷһһֻĴɫԵŰǶ˹ӡ
ɰ͵ȫӲˡ
ݵĹ񻹲ܰһֻɰĸܣ§ڻĴ򣬷ص
ңҲĸܡˣߵģҺúõĴܹܲʲôʯˣˣ㲻Ҫʧһֻˡ
֮࣬ߵһʯͷʶؾ˴ܵϡ
һתܷŭҲسɫȵܵùһֻɽаʮľ룬߾ܵĺˡ
ȵȣȵȡү̹й򣬽ʲôն;ԣԣǾ
Ҳ˲ˣøղǿʯͷŴܵһ£Ȼȼܡ
һ£ԼԼдһ⣬˵ĪԼ˾񹦡Լ뷨ףæͷŸɽʮ߰Ȧһɽ棬СĶڰѴܵ档
ꡱ
꣡
˼ڴֱһĨͷϵĺ飬ﻹֱĴܣⱲҲˡ
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ϸһԭŹܵʯͷּʯͷȻɢŵĽɫâ
ӻͳ޸ĸʯԱһеĽɫʯͷȵصɴ۾ŵҿܷ񣬶ܼһ鸴ʯ
šѧ°ĥҰĺǴأҵȫĸʯүһˣðѸղǼƯŮ͸ң
뵽С۾õģȻ鸴ʯڴӵļз֮Уɽһ϶˳ȥ
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Ǳ˴С·ȥģصо֮ŸұԼӣ̧ͷһӪϴһĴǲԫϱڣ˱ϵذǼͷƶȻץںҵغš
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˵ûõģڰߣһƣʲô𣿡
ӦǶġǧ䡯곤ҽ͵ǧֶ̥ʿеһһᣬᶾɱһһжߣֻ˺С޶֮ˡ
ָ°޵ľ¶ʱ򣬰Сȫ·ûٵĶأû·ȫˣȻСھѹƣҿ̾Ϣ˵ȥˡ
㿴
ͻȻЦЦǶȥɣԼͶҽһʱҲˣҸ˵仰
ҽ˳ȥǶŰ޵ķԸûаȥĻ˵
ž
ǿһ֣ĹͷϣήӵִӰеһŭɵСӣôܻˣ֪Ĵץ𣿡
ŮɤǱʲôסˣǿЦҵѶǿˣ
˵ţ޵ַŻزϣʲô취Խⶾ𣿡
ҡҡͷյĶԼҲû취ԼҲʴɢ֪
ȥҶǶճΪҵ꣡
վס޽סҪȥ㳲ǶѾˣģ߸ӦʵȻ뿿Ƕҵؿ˼£һѣϽ㼸仰ס
˼άѾóٶˣ˼˺ðٴοڡ
쿪ʼҾͷ鲻ˡһʽʽʻûоðɶ͸֣Ҳ˵ǰػģֻ˵Ƕһ˵ǿǱĸӦбҪҸʯ𣿡
š
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˵ˣԾ
ֻǡ޵ɶ϶һ仰û㣬ȥգܶżϮкܶĸ֣ҲϮˣҾ֪Ĵ˵֮һͱ˴ˣȫϣ
ȻһͰɶ޵ǵľٶ˵Ӧ˵Ҳ˸ˣɽԤԹĴ˵һͬ˵ˣֲΨŹᡭᣬҲˣ
͸һǵĹâ״Ϊʲô㳲׸ͰɶΪʲôҸ㣬ǶΪѰҸʯӪ˵ģ
ѹֻôĺСһ˼԰ǼȻѾռ˶Ƕ϶õ鸴ʯˣΪʲôߣ
Ҳ벻Ϊʲôԣȥˡ
ԭҴҵسȥΪ˵£طڶǶһȦķԭ򡭡ǻߣΪʯѾڶǶˡüҴѻطһȦ֣֡߿鸴ʯԣ˸һ飬飬ڹŴµĺǣ
˵ղԸµĺУĳط뿪˶Ƕ
޴ϢձϾֻˣߵ̫Զ鸴ʯ϶ظ
ȥңȻⶾϲ
ѾаȥˣƾĹʺˣ˵ҵʯ̾˿ǳŲˣ㱳ҳȥǺ𣿡


182 ǡ
˵̫Ļķ̫˼Ѿ˿ĳŲˡ
ת˼֮ʵ꣬˭а취Ȱޣ
磬𣿡
˵ԣĲɶԡ
˼׶óⶾҲ̾˿ҵ̫Ԫֻˣȴⲻ˶ⶾֻ취ˣ취
ôࣿС۾ˣ֣˵
ɵֹۣһ취Ǿҵ߿鸴ʯƴճյ꣬ո¾綾Խ⣡
ҡͷʱпܶﻹʱȥɽ֮ѰҼССʯͷ
ڶ취ţεŲⶾǿŤתֻҪǿϳְﰢ޾пܻǡεɱ˸ͼĻδѣǲܰģ
˵˵취ɡε
˵һ仰ü취ұ˵ӡ
Ҫ˵ˣ취ܽⶾ𣿡
ɵĿܣǾ㰢޻
ˣ
ɣ˻ʵ硣
صȴţιô˵ˡҪôһԸҮ
̾˿૵ܾǰҲɣǼһҡҵһα˾ܾ㲻ھܾҰɡɣС㶼ˣҲӰӡáѵ졭ҲϮˣ
޵ѾɢˣһһɣģȻЦŮչһҵòãǰ˺òã
ǣЦˣȴ˵Ļ
š°˼һ󣬡ȥǣҲǲԣŮ̸ʵʵв
¶ɻɫ
𣿡Цҵ˼ǣ㶼ˣǶûʲô𣬲ʱһˣ
ʲôѯʡ
硭ЦһвУ
޶Ȼɫ䣬ǧĻҲվˣֻܲΡΡ̧һָֻ֣૵ޣޡ
޳ܣ
վڰ޶ߵ㶼ˣһ㣬ȷе޳ˣ˽ЧˣٲףⱲӿɾûأ
˵ţһ˰޵ϡ
ء
صغһ˫ðһѪ˿ҲعⷵƵһ͵Ͼһƣ޳֮ͽϹۣȻôͽܣ

Цеӣƺռıˣ˳ŰһƵĹԣص˵ϣ˿ڴ㣬ƶɮԽԽȻû˵ˡ
ι
޾ȵȴǿźʴɢ¿ˮ̣ɧ˲ѹҲںһǧ䡭
ι㵽˵ʲô
ͻȻ֣ԼľͷȻָһ룬Ȼѵˡ
ϸһ촽͸һĵɫƴʲôȻԼաͻȻ֣ϵĶѾˣƾԪ϶εȻѹˣ
һС룬һ롭Ц˵ƽǧĶأ˵лᶼܻŶͷ׬Ǯ͵öģöġˣˣƶɮܵظĺ̨ӲҲ鷳
ɵСӡȻһĶأ
Ĩһ۽ǵҺ壬ߣɵϣѾʴɢٳǧ䣬ûл·ˡ
ȫ̱ڰϣѾʧȥʶ
ɵϣɵϣһ汳һ߷ߵؽô죿˭һ˭ƽֽ˭ùͷġġҩ࣬˭ȡ
ľʿѱˣ׷ΧС㣬򽫾
̵ı·߳ԯţ޺ˮܵشȵվĶҳ󣬼о͸Ҵ򣬸һȥǵ·
С㣬Ҫȥʲô
۴ԼϵĹͷ̾˿


һ۵СԺӣǽϳ̦ǽ߸ǽҲǰ߲βѷ졣һСԺڳҰƶߣΧһЩµɢųˮĴܵĹƨСؤ
ǱҲҵСԺӵĴš
ֻоСԺӵ˲֪ԺӣֻдӶǹ룬ԺȦ룬Ȼߵһˮһ׸ӵĳ֮󣬲ܿһȻҺɫСţд֡ţ
ⲻ۵СԺӣڳǵķֶ档
ʱ
ʮ֪쾮ںþ磬ĬĬسԺȣվԺڣһһڵͷŰɽա
վſͷȴڳȾƣⳡģŵĵȴϰΪˡʶ˿ôãʹûϹϳִֹ͡ʻ
ΪĳЩرԭ򣬿ѾʧȥºȨⱲӶԶֱͦˣ
ǣҪʦ𰡣
֪ǳԺϣֶĵͻȻʦǰһͻȥҲûл϶ɱˣλΪ
ЩǻеĵӣǵİһصʦžŴ֪֮һҺͱ븶ۣ
һ˵ǷģռˣʦֲûֻҪѹ
ǾλϾɱ
˵ǵİ󣬺Ⱥ鼤ܣûбֻ̬ƾٳһ¸صĳ˳Ŵ֪֮һĻʦֱ·ͬСɣҪٲЩӦûھˣǲǡ
ҹգĲɵءþòŲ˵ʲô
ɱ۳ϸظһ飬ѾˣڳأҲֻаɶ͸˱Ƚϼ֡
Ӧ
۳ЩߣȻҪˣ
ĲɵӣĬĬضǿտ˰ΣȻ̾˿૵䣬ӿؿ϶ˣұȥһ
ڵŻȻԭһֱڹ۲󣬲˵ʲô˼ʣѾʧӰ٣ֻһ佹ķԸǲȥץԼͻסҵĻһ֮ǰΪ
ͻǻ࿴˿ûס
˵һ׼ѾŽֲɵӣôţһĵͻȻ˽Ϊ׵һ۳ǰһϲɫ
ʦ壬ˣһŮ˱ˣ


183 
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ʦ循ϲظߺһкǣ󣬲Ҫ˵ʲôɱ
ʦ壬ո¹
ʲô𣿡ʵĵӣʦһЦûҾ֪ɱһʦֲܸ
ǳĬƬ̣ͻȻһЦѽղź˵ʲôûأ
ǣǣι𣿡
˵̫Сˣû壡
ЩҪôǻеʦֵܣҪôǻпųֶһ뵽лõʧ֮У̰ѿԺ󣺼۳ȡ˷ˮʦרõ̺ˮĵͼȥۣսףһɱڵӿ˳
޸ձ߹żԺ쾮
ʱǧ䶾Ѿʱȫ˲̬ĵɫصڰޱϣҪǣڵʴɢҲǧʧȥרҵĻ˵ǣϵͳѾȫƻ޼ɵӵÿһϸ
ȻѹʣһСֶأһһٶĴȫٱ˰ʱҲѾ۵󺹣˫΢΢ز
Ǽ۵ˣüͷ΢΢һ壬ȵ˭ĵˣлҪ˵
ͱУ˵Ļᣬһ嶯ĵӸ˳ǹ̵ͦ˰ǰ
޻ӽ˳ǹҲܵģǵĵ˳
ȥܵظ˵ɣ
ĵҲǰĴ̳˴ǹ˵ںŹ߾ǿ󣬵⣬Ӱʸ˰޵ϡ
ǣ޷ߺ޵һ䣬ֻûӽ񵲣ڻָʵǲ¼ʮͼӵΧϾһԼߴٵһʽܵƣס˽ıۣۣ֧֮ۡ
ҧҧ޵ͷҧס˼أ𣬶ʱѪ˳
ʸڵϣŭ£Ҫɱˣ
г˱ߺΣŵӵĻشǡŮǣ׼
֪ĸϴһֻʮӰޣ̺ˣڳΧһ󷨣ţܳڵ߸߾һֱֻۣߺۺϣ



ԺȻ˿磬ϸȥÿһлֳһɵжôܼжôܼŰ޹˼Ȧ֮󣬷ʧȴ˰ϡ
һٶס޵ֽţĹؽڣŲƣһ޺ϵ
ŮӣʦЦһǣŮһ
һץһٵܶǵǣԽԽ޵ͷۣѾĥƤʽһѾ˹Ťϵġǰɡ
ٲ֣˵ˣԼҪʳˡ
̾˿ž˵ģɱˣڵľƵòˡ
ֻһˡ
ͻȻ۾ͷҲͻȻ
ʦ壬ŮҪˣŵӾ
£ϸ˿޵ӣʦŮֻǻԪ϶ΣʽҲŤת
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ǡܳ͵뵽һ˵Ȼʶ̫͹·ŮˣԲֹԪ϶ô򵥡
ǣ졭
ܳѵǿ㿪һж̫ˣֻ͵۾һ˫ǵѾûͫ׵ѩɫ
ԯ֮ſ촽³֡

ϵ׷ױƬֱϣڱһʹ󽣵ӡ󽣳˰ããգ֮ǧǱһϴˢŵԺӡ
¡Ժǽˣ
¡ڽµˣ
¡ڽ¹ˣ
¡
ɫ䣬Ϊֹ㵹һ֮£ŷֶɲǼɻ𣬱һϢķ棬ŤתǬһ֮£ŵĵǡ

Ƭ̳֮ɢʮŵĵѾӰֻһ̲̲ɢҵѪ⣬۳ȻţҲήҵ̱ڵϣֵŰޣ૵֮֮ôĽ
ûлش𣬰Ưڰ֮У߻ɢŰɵĽͷҲǧѩ˿Ҳûͫ׵İɫ
һнΪԯ֮տԽʮΧĲ֮һвܳ˼ĽɽΪһһƣ죬ɵĴŵõ֮Ҳǰǿ书
ܾǰˣƭ۷ʱҲܷӳǰһڣֻʣ˻Ԫ϶εǿƶ˲Ľ
ۣ
ʹĽ븶һЩۣһһˣж;ƿݵ࣡
ͷ۴ǰİ׷ֿ˿ϵͷ޺Ȼ֣Ѿ˺ڰɫõʧȥ˶˶ʵɫЦһɣȻûƭҡǿƶԯ죬ֻܱǴ
Ҳ׬ˣϾ컹һֻʧȥɫѡ
ЦЦ˵ϣЩûվȣųŷߴ
ǲ˵Ҿ͵ȣȵ˵˹
۳;ˣǱϾǲóսķˮʦôǿѪȣŮŮ
ǵ޽ߣ۾ĬĬص
Ƭ֮ڴһ̾ת
ӳް׷ӣһԻʱµĴţȻŤͷżϺǱֵĶôΪʲô֣ûҵķԸô
ֻǡ
ֻб𣿡ŭľһֻ͹뱨𣬾Ͳˣˣˣǲ֪ô㵽ŽѪ֣֮ǲֵİ
Ȼ㵽Ϊʲô˵
ԸзŭϾ׿ĿˣˮʦҪǸҰԼ㵽Ķȷ˵ҪǴģ
ѾǴ̫̫ĶӺܾǰʼͲ˵Լռδˣ
ҲҡȻͷ᲻ղҹȻû׼ȷ龭Ҳ֪żһսǼͬһʱ䣬Ҳ۲쵽ԼҵġءˣԼȥһ⡭
һǵӣһأݴ½ТΪأֻѡǰأͬʱһ㰵ʾϧǸûĻϣ
֪Խ࣬յҲԽడ


184 ʮ
һϲҳƵʱ϶ڿġţǹϲ籯Ԫתۡ
磬ĳӡ
ɽʲôطû֪٣ǵİԲ֪
ڴɽһһҹûгԷûкˮִΧѾĳ߰˱ĳ壬һȦȻĴƤϵ岢ûм٣Ҵ鸴ʯ
ɰ͵ɰ͵Ƿɳķҳ
һô棬ڳش㣬ͬʱͺͱǿףڴڵ̳硣ضǱ춯ֲأһֻӶһŲϻһˮﶼؾ綾Ҳֻ伢ˡ
죡͸һֻɣ
촦߾˫ҲˡͷȶҲϡ
ʩʩ
ͻȻһ붼Ťͷһ䣬ϻ˭ϡǸɵģ
ʩ
һͷð˳ǸԡѪУߣҲܰʲôذʩƶɮǴµɮˡˣʩⶫⶫȥǶʦ
˵ţΡΡؾһ鵭ɫʯͷ͵˰ϡ
ӷ𡭡תʦӻܣҵһ顭һ鸴ʯȴϮܡҷˣ
ιιȵӣĺеϱĳֱҧһ⣬˵⼸仰֮Ѿ

ֻشЦһѶɫʯͷԼĴƤȻ۷Źǰʲôʣۣ־壬ԹͳͳԺ
ʺһ鸴ʯ
ˣ
үţǼƯŮһ

ŷֶ档
밢¸߰ȣһ˿Ц
ˣȷʵɱͼУа֮һɱʮӣǿϳ־
ԭǿӲͷƤʵǧľ綾
㻹ˣ
Ҵĺ۳Ƿ׷ЦŭŮɱǼʮӣΪǱ𰡣
ŮɱǼʮˣˣƤǳǽô
֣ŮѾ;ƿݣΪʦǱ𣡡
ǶĻô
ͻȻȣҸ˵ٴˣѣ޷ǡʡ塯ơֻ֣Ҫ֣ǴҲǷˮʦһ·أΪҲ֪ôͼ֮ǮС֮ܣỳ̰ͼأĵӣҲǱǼƻ󣬱Ƶ˼Ҳò֡ȡеҲݣʲô˵Ļ
۳Ǳĵͷ
޵İɫ۾м޸мʩ
̾˿С㣬֮£һʹžѰ𣬲һ¡ͲҪˣ
Ҫôʧ
ҲȣҲܾȣָŵϵʬ壬̬ȺܳϿң˵ĻҲе
С㣬˵ǵĶԹžȡǽգϾɱмʮҪǾʲôţ˶˽ģҿҲ⣬ٶõ壬ҲӪһմѪĳ˰
һʵղҼҴҵسȥռس⣬ȥˡصĲ״Ҳ˵ֻʵС㣬ΪռǺ˻ҼأѾ̫Ҳû˭ҼأԼѾ;ƿˣڵʵҪܾǡȵô𣿡
̾ϢҪӪʹñŵġ󷨣ǿӳ٣طһʹˮʦҪǴģѾܲһεǴˡ
ĲϾˣƺûⳤƪۣˣҲֻװûȻ·һ
Ϊ
ԽԽа޵İ׷Ͱۣ̲סк֮£⼸λϿʩ
λϣ˵꣬޼æżλֻ֪ҪǿϾԸ⸶κδۣ
ٺ٣
ǺȻЦǷˮתŮҲǵʱ򣡣
ǲ϶˵һתȥһ쿴һ΢΢Ц䵭һѵϵĺۣ¶˼ϵһˣ˼ǣûУոոµ˺ۣҾˣΰɣ
ǵ䳰ȷεҡҡͷ߽
ڼʮӱɱ»ܽӱѾ御ˣϲҪøֻ࣬ñλ֪ǰ
λϡҧҧڼλм䣬Ȼжپʬ壿
㻹ʣ
㣡жپʬ壡
һŭ𣬾ޱߵƣ۳ϺȻһߵʮһɱʮһˣӼǵ
ʮһϸͼͻУܹʮ
ЦЦͻȻżϵذףסذױݺݵشԼļϡ
ۡ
һѪ֪ǿĿɿڴ
ǷʮһͶ໹ӡ
ްγذףٴδԼֱۣһѪ⣬ŲһطֻӡôֻҪߵ˿ϼӳǵطٴΣֻضٱӣϵ˺ʧʮһʮ˿ڣǼӳֻӡⱲһʮһʮӣ
ʮֻ˺
֪ɫ˷ˣ
˵ɱ˲ͷأǶڷˮʦ˵񶾵ıʽɱ˵ˣǸ˼ֻӡӡͷϣ߾תֻسһˣҲÿͷʹͷѣ
ӡҪǼֱϣ±עǸзϣһֻҲ붯
ʮ˿ڣʮӡʹ࣬һʮĻˣܾ겻ܶԶ
Ըʮֻӡ
Ҿվ
ã֪Ǵͼʦ壬ĵǣǵԩ꿴ţҵȸ㱨ˣ
ȵȣǼҳӡ֮󣬲Ͼô죿
ÿ֪붼룬㶼ˣֻҪŮһʮӡֻأҵȱ㲻ϧǴӪ

̾˿ڣ˵Щʲôһϵŵʬ壬վһ̾ϢС㣬ȵģ⼸λϾΥŵԡһˣһʲôٱĻ˵ɣ


185 꾭صİ
һλ֪ιһҩ裬ҩڼҺɢÿһϸǼӵʱ䣬ءһ
лˣ
ⳡ棬΢΢˿Щ˵롭µ񣬻ʲô˵أˣ涵˵һЩٱԣⲻǱĸ顣
޻˵ɣްγذףδ̵Լϣҧһûз
ӲһŮˣʦŵͷ漴ŭȵʮֻӡ

ιǣʲôط
ڰޣ֪ǲʱãлظʶ
Ҳˣ˻ԣҲʧȥ˶ĸ֪࿴˿֪﷢ʲô
Ψ˼ססһƺ򣬵ʶԼıֺۣæͷϣСضڤ긮档
ޡ
ͻȻ޻ԡѪϲ߰˱ذףڲһ󷨣еǣ׼ս
˵Ҫصʵ磬Ѿ˲ҪҲô׵ģ˼ΣǸոƿ壬ͱҵľʹϻ磡
ӴϽ취ӻȥ壡
ҵѾȫ޸ˣΨһҲɫףƴطٸҼӡһӣˣ
ˣˣˣ
ϵǿӡ֣ʲôһӣϣҪϣ
𼱣ҲˣǼȵӰ죬Ҳѹɣ·̫ͼ㸺Ҹ֣
ãһȡ
ʱֶľ֮ȴ侲ϸ۲һΧü񲻶ԡ㿴Ժ⼸˶öԸϹһԪڣ壬Ҳܸıʲô
Ҳһ԰
ɳɤŭ𣬺Ȼ˼ӵ˫ƺڡЦ
ԭͶ˵صĹûʲôӡ󣬴ʱӺݺݵһţŭϹƤû޶Ҫô㻹ӵЦó
˷Ц˼ױ˸ʺƵվһͷϵзȵ˵˵ɣ˿⡭
Ҳѣ
ļˣ˵̲סһֻǰ˵Ĳӣ̵Ļ᲻ú˵Ҫ⹷ʺʲôã浽Ҫʱ⿴Ҳ˳۵Ķ֪ʱԹæأЦĻʲô
޵Ĳ״ѾʧˣҲ룬̾߼ϵһˮ˼׾ͷĴȥ
ڤ긮֮أһ֣ǼӾܰ˼״һ
Ҫ棡˼״һֵʵ˵ҲЦں£
㻹ʲôһ㶡
ɱң
˼Թ԰شؿڣҾ֪Ҿ֪һΪ꣬ع⡭̵ģΪԸð乷ƨ˰ô˵ҲۣԴϿҲԼǸɵƣҲҲôҪǲıɤװɵƣɷַӶпܰϳ
⻰ɲɵŤͷϳΣӵķΣӵĹײҶûɱ㣬㻹֪˭ô
㾿˭Ҳȵ
ˣˣ첻ݣҸݣи·
˼װԹͻȻһ£Ͱƽ뿪ɣɱҳ𣿡
ٷϻа취Ϳã
ãȻصϣһʱƺͳ棬ϡ
Ȱޡ
үҾھȰޣ˼װȥɣʵ㣬Ҿͨ翴ڤ긮İҵû
Ŷ
һǿԼ侲ڤ֮ϣȻڤ֮ϣ
ɲǼ䣬ڤ긮ǽϳһŵĹ긮ǰķıСӣк޴ӡǰ
ڤ긮˵ġ꾭Ǣԣһָԭµ֧˼׷ɿؽ͵㲻⣬˵νԭ֧ʱ޸ԩʱȨΪһɱ֧
㻹û⣬룺ڤظʲôʵһѺԩļЩ꣬͵ڤ֮ķ𣿡
˴˵ˣһ꾭һأѷ˹ؽڶأչ˺÷ˣ֤̣ءڹ֮࣬Ҫ÷Ͷɣؾ뷸һЩ飬Ͷˣ

ˡ
ôı
һӾ˻꾭ǰص壬̽ǡ꾭ء
˱ãͿر𿪶ŷ磬԰ɣ˷ʵ꾭أ÷ʱȥŷ˵˾ǣʱ뿪壬ֶԵУ
ɣ
ʱ뿪壬Ϊһս壬ƶɮԺԼʹһ꣬ٷųһ꣬ȺŹˣ
ȻǺ
ˣ˼ֱָߵСӺʹӡûڤᣬ˵˾Ƿ˵Ǹ£Ǿܳȥŷˣ
ŶŶŶӡ¡ﰵޣ˼׻ЩôܰѷҰ͵׶
Ҷˣϲ֣дȥɵЩ쵰ƶɮܶƶɮ껹ܳȥս
ιιιɳȥ˼׼ڵһֻܳȥһˣⷸ˵ʵĵȼƣټͶټˣɳȥҲֻǺԪ¶εսӮĿ
ָָԼؿڣҳȥˣѪУ仰ǣ
仰
ؿ˼ף񾭲ȷʵм汾£仰ͽ֪һԪĿ
Ÿˣ˼غһˣи˵ķ緶仰֮ڰڲƽ£ðң
ȥ
һԵͻȻЦڰ޸壬˼ǰЦݣ˵ļ˿ʰ㣡
³˼׵ˣ


186 ڣڣ
ۿ˵˵ģһ֮ðɣ
һ䰧˼׷ɿдһһӡȻৡһʧڤ긮֮С
ʱѾѪζʮĳˡ
ϲ߰˱ذף˫ָһذףشԼĸһɹɵѪ˳ŷذ˳޲ͷˣ۾ˣҲûѪɫĲҰɫ
һֻءͷ
ֻءֹǣ
ֻء
֪ΧڰΧÿһ˿ڣǾעһ˺۽ƹ֮һŰޣֱʮǧ겻
ϵתȥͷ̾Ϣ



ԺͻȻ˴ѾӲȵذһɫȹɫŮΣɰݱ񣬳ţͷϻһĹͷͻȻ˽Ƿŷ֮˼ףԭ֮òǺڤ긮һ
ͷ֪̲סЦ˼ܿ죬ǵɫˡ
ŷֶȻѾݻˣֶ沼õŶݼûлٻ۴½мŵŶݼ磿м֪ڼʮ֮еŷֶ棿
ղŰܴЩ󷨣֪ѾܾˣһŮһֱҲ֮УǡЦͷôҲܴҡڵ߽ˣʮŶݼԼҺԺһף
ߺˣ֪ȣͬʱ䱸ͬپʷֲĵˡ
͵ģ
˼ƲƲ죬˼֪Ȼ̧ĴѾӣˣˣˣһһţݺݵ˺֪ƨϣӣΪǣ˼Ҳǣ
˼׸ո˵ŷӵкһĵȼھǺԪ¶Ρţʵſ¼֪ţǣź֪أע밢ڵҲصˣɢڿУѾעļֻӡȻȫ߽ˣ
㡭λˮˣ
֪ǿˣžֻӡ˵ķˮǿʲôزûʵ
ʲôҪ˲ܹӵ˼һڣŭң
飡֪ĻҲðˣǵ㣬˲ĸ
ӣӾˣզأ
˼һƦӣ㻹Ǳˣ֪һĸҷһԣ
˵꣬˼ͷź֪һᣬ˵ղӰһᣬˣϳˣˣĺһ㣬޳϶ˡһˣ¾ܰ˼ɡ
³壬Ŀȴüͷ
ˣгô
һЦƺ˪˳
ǰŹ֪ϼһһѵˣ
ǡ
һȹӡ
һΡ
дŴţԴϵˣ¶һͷɢͿ֬񾭲İ
󲻾ġ
Сڿϳ˼һֲһֹ˹ָ۸ССû˼С
Եȣ˹͵һ˵кܶʡ
ûϻ˼Ҿ˵仰Ҽסˣ
˵ţڿߣ˵仰
һ䣬ϸκͰޣ
ڶ˵Լ֡
仰ǱĺޣڸˣԺ󳤵ۡ۸ͷ۸Ұ
ң
ϣôᡭ
ûʲôܵģ˼׻˻֣ˣ˼Ҳķӵķŷʱ䣬лȥ
˵Ťͷߣû߼ֻعͷҾ˼ˣ۸ˣҵѵСӵƨҸһ
ϿĪ񣬿ܲ𰡣
һ˼ҾҪ£䲻ֻҪͶصſĶ
ȥ߰˷ӣ֪ǹŹֵϹݣŷӦһ̧ͷ˼ѾʧӰˡ
˾˭֪ǽΧ˹
й¶ָһƽӣԸǴûмˣҲû˵Ĵţ𣿺ˣͰޣ֮ǰұͽ̸һ̸
Ҫǣ֪ǲҪǴİ
ƣԺ϶ǴƣھͻǴһΣ仰ĳ̶ֳ˵ղλ˼Ҿ죬ǻб¸Ǵ

꾭֮꽻Ƿȥսʱ޶Ѿﵽķӣ˼׽ѵ˿֮û̻ȥ氺ͦصתһȦֵڽֱ߰СӣȻû˾ʧˡ
һǧûԹ˼ʳˣ˷˱ο
صڤ긮˼̵һĨͣġ꾭Ȼ˼ҳȥ֮Ȼһ԰ӣ
ЦȻֹŻ긮ĳ棬ŵʵʵſ
ֻϣڤӡźٺٵļЦɺңͷйϻʣˮ̾߶ѾڴſƣһѶ̷ӡ
ѽЦ˵仰仰仰ŷˡ־˵˵ɣ㾿λϹŶ
˼۾һתװɵ˵Ķ䲻ɡ
ž
˵꣬󣬳һˮݺݵسĺϣҲн죬Һ¶
ˣˣˣ
ˣˣˣ
˼׻ɵӶѪɫһ˹꣬޲ɴ೭̾߼ϵǴ˼׵ؿھǶʮӡǴɷǼܣȴһͽţĴӴϲ˺Ƥͼ⣬רŷҴ֮Ͽһ˺ǹŴ񶾵֮̾һ
ˣˡ˼Ȼ꣬ҲܸܵǴľʹ۲˵ҾͰޣͰɡ֮Ǹˣһŵǧ𰡣
ҲǸѽһ޹ЦЦ
ʱɻȥ˼ҲɣȻֿ»˵ġ
ǧĶԹ
ղŵĳ棬˼׿ڣѾ³ˡ
Ŷݼͨˮɺ֮ǣһ仰ÿſ½һ˼ҡЩֻһˡ


187 Ǵ1
յĴ󺺹ʦˣɽһսͳ߰ٻ𣬱Ƶɺǧֱ
лصһź¼˼׵֣ţ£ӣ
̾˿ɡõڡô⸱У
СӣȻг˼ҵ֣Ϳ˰º¿㲻ܲҲֱ꣬⡭
ЦЦװûתȥ
Ϊβˣ͵ذסļתºӸովͰޣؿΪ壡
֣˵ôЦعסļСŪĳˣҲôʰһ٣

޻˵
Ȼðһе⣬Цؿ˿Լ꣬ŹºӵĹ򣬴̾߼ץһ·˿ڱǵţƤֽüɰƴС滭һЩ˶Ϥķš
һУһţƤֽץУЦеض˹ºӵԴϡ
ʱ򣬹ºѾĹŤ˫͹ſڵһһģһֻࡣ
֣ôЦʡ
ûôṻЦ
ǺãٺһЦŵһ룬¶﾿ʲôЩ鶼ֻйº֪Ҫˡ
ɫһ䣬Ȼſ˹ºӣȻ嶯֪ʲôʱʲô
֣ЦеĹºӵȻѾعˣǾͱˣ˵ɣеܶ˵ɣ
㻹ңº۾һɣСӱ壬˵ɣұðҪٿϸһ֣ͲзȵĸˣסˣˣҲƢģ
ϣôĻ
ЦͻȻʵˣղǰӺó𣿡
óԣº촽
һǧܳԵһΰӣ϶óʵԺ˵ʵ
º˿ڿˮ֪仰Ǹ壬ûһش
㲻˵Ҳ֪Цһǧ갵յ֮㲻԰ӣ֣Σտͣȱϣ㻹һԼ˵׶ǽһڡŶ϶ڸ̯ˮһµƭӵ¡
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оȥĺô֮󣬺ȻЩ㶼Ҫ𣿻شңֻһλᣡ
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š˹ָǾͽһϴ
ϴҷˣºӰԹֻҪÿ춼ҳȥһߣղŵ¡жǼƽϣ
ǺֵǾ˵һ˵ɡţʹΪʲô˵𣡡
͵͵ɣºСɽ֮ս֪𣿵Ϊ˷ӡɣԼʹóѡ
ЩҶ֪Ȼأ
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ⷨӽ͵컻գһǴͻΪǶ¶Źҡ
˵ۿɱɫᣬºӸæ󺰵磬𷢻·Ĺ̶ŮģҺͶ¶֮Ҳһ壬Ҵû¶¶ʬ尡ʦģ
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֮أĹΪʲôֻʣꣿ
⡭ºΪ͵ȥʶˣ
ʲô£
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ʮǰݶգʱ¶͡˵۾Ȼͨ磬˶¶һˡ˺ͨץ˶¶˵Сɱ̫ˣץȥһЩͷ
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˺ͨ
ɺȻüʲô˾Ȼǿ󣿺̨ӲҲһɣ
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ĬĬصͷ֮Ա
ӱһǿ޷ץˣ˾Բʲô֮侲
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㻹ʲô£
װɵָָԼؿڣ㶼ҵˣ˵˵ɣǣ
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˳ֽһ

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϶й¶
ص㣺Բй¶
仯Ĳй¶

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ºһָԭ滹һرСرСرСС֣÷Ŵ󾵲ܿ
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ǡǷ֣ǷĴǴʲô˼
˼ǣһŵʱǸͣ˵̫಻˵ĻˡȻ͵컻յķƭţϵɶҼأܹǷĴǴºһǸļЦ
֣ĳԾˣ㾿й¶˶ȻĴǴ
й¶̫ˡ˵ˣҲص㣡ºһǷĻЦصǣڳΪ꣬˻һ壬ǷǵǴٺ٣͵Ƿġ
Ҳ˵ĴǴҵͷϣݺݵҧ
ǣǷˣ
ºЦеؼģѾʱɱţֻҪ㲻¶ҵĶǲ֪ģһҵٺ٣ҵ˼ɣ
Ȼף
һùºӵķˮͻᱻǴҪǲԼ;Բܶùºӵ
ǧŪһ꣬ȴã껹ʲôãʱٿϵһй¶ǳ׵ˣй¶ǡԲܼ⣬ûáĸ˱﷽ʽ
֣һһ٣ɫԭûʲôô
ҲûáºڨЦûղ˵˼ĳ̶ֳϾ죬ңǴٺ٣Ҿһ̨ǴһĴŶ
˵ţºӵɫȱæŷ𣬻һϢԭǷǴģڳʱһΣڻʣĴΡǸղΪӪȰޣʹó˶ŵķˮڣһˡ׼ɣǴϾҪˣ


188 Ǵ2
Ǵ٣
Źºӵһ֣ɺҲΧߣ˶Ƿۣȿºӵӡ
ιôżºǱߴٵ׼ǴɲǿЦģװʲô˷ˣòҽеĲҽУ
֣֣
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Ȼ
һˣָƣλǿҵġ꾭Ĳ㣬˵Ѿܸǽܳʱˣһ֮ڣֻһȥķӡǾһ°ɣԺôǵķŷʱ䣿
ЦѾг˰ɣ
ٺ١ЦЦԭǴ㹫ƽһЩһһְȥǿºӵӡʲôöûУƽʱ䣬ҲԲǵͿ๦߰ԸɴЩһƽϷ
ºӴǴľҪˣѾɫˣ׼
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ðɣװүҰѾĿ鸴ʯ


189 ɫʯ1
ǣƶߡ
޵һǴֶѾ˷棬޵ƽĴܣŵķֶҲ˷еש
һЩӰƽ񣬿ֻýһеСùݣȻչºӵķԸκͰ޵ơ
ڻˡ
ʱͼ۾ȴƤϺǧصҲصһ磬Ҫȫڻľʹͬڼһϣȫˡ
Ǵµĺֻ֢ܿԼκ˶ﲻæġ
ֱ۵ϢƬ̣Ŭ۾ԼһŸɾСϣ޾ͿڲԶһŴϣ۾һգһգع
ף۾
ûԼ۾һû޵۾Ѿȫ˰ɫͷҲʧȥںڵĹ󣬱һͷѩ׵ķ˿
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һԪڣһлɱʮŵӣҪЩ۲ôԭǣѩɫͷ۾ȴһƻе죬Щ˵еŮ飬ӣȴЩͬζ
ˣ˵Щˣޱ۾ЦҶѾƽˣ֮ǰǵ¸ô˵˵ɣ
һͷˮ촽ƺһɵ㣬Ȼˡ
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ᱡᱡˣװɵŮҪңҲһ¾Ĺ̰ɣ˵˵ʲôλᱡˣᱡʲôλˣᱡ˶೤ʱ䣬Ƕ٣Ƕ
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⡭ԥƬ̣ת򽫾ŵ㿴ˣλ϶ˣͨҲ˴룬ǡʵ˽֮˸ʹͬͼգһҪ˺ѷΰ


190 ɫʯ2
㾿ʲôˣüҰѹºܲܡ
˲ǷˮʦģҲûа취
̾˿˵ˣҪǿ¼ҵֵ˵ˡǺǣֵֺܵܺüǣȡԶ¶ϣСܿ±Ҿ
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ŮͨˣֵҲֵöҵһùޣϸ׾ˣŮ˾ȻŮ洹ڤʥŮĵӣڤãమȻҪǿвɢҶͶɩʱֵҲʢͺڤʥŮ
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ǡ꾭ãؼǣᴥɫʯһ̣ܵɫʯϴһԡ
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Ȼʯͷ飬Ҳǻˣô꾭ܲӰأ
ţԣɫʯȻڡ꾭Ӱ¶һͺʯͷһöͭ˳κ˿ˡ
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ƷѽղһöͭңɫʯǮ֣ұϾκˣҲҪһöͭ˻ң˳ҽƷѰɣ
ȻʧЦҿûУ򽫾ͷôãҿжˣʹȥѡ
ϣĪ⼸б¸ɵ᣿
ģ㳲Ҳں


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õɫʯôһˣǱôһĹʺˡ
硭
ſȥѵʱ򣬰ɽǶһɽ
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һ۾ܿµ󷨣޾ɫɣ⼸˾Բ򵥡
ӷ𣡡һ޺üͷʩȻʶ޺Ҳܲ³ҼʦҲô뿴ҷʦϣ˺һɣ
ҲӰı΢һЩ
ԭҪͻΧģǵԼʵԱȣ㻺ժһöƣ˺ǰǲǲӣҪȥˣû취Ƶ˽ǣǸҼһӣ·ɣ
нӹһֻһӤȭͷСһƬɫһƬҹһɫû
ͨʽƣȴúɫޱ䣬ߺһŵӷԭǻƽѪ塭λʩ¹ػƽѪ壬ƶɮȲԺƬ̣ƶɮȥֱ֪ʦ岮ǡ
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ͻȻһö鶯˴Ժƽĺֱͬķ˿ڣó͵ؾһ
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ĵСαطգմ磬شڰߣ٩ƶɮһЦƶɮǿ԰ĵС
С̣ĺͿûղЩ˭𣿻ƽѪ壡ƽѪĶҩ˭ܽ⿪ΪǶհ
Ѿûл·ˡղŭЦƶɮ˵һԣ
Ծԣ㲻ɣӾѹ·Ʋǰ㶺Ц𣿺ߣүүָԷģ
˵ţץһѲҶΧϣȻ˫ָ߾٣ֵ壬ȴˮһŤ˰ˡ
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ЦȹƶɮȴûӲȹ裬ȤȤʮˣƶɮûЦ
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ܿʹչǿһȻ󡭡
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˵ȴ̲סŤͷȥ
Ѿ˱Żȥ׼ˣ˵һһֻͨڵĽʬϸһ
ӣʵ٣һĨԵ΢ЦһεУҰϴӢûһҲаǧˣ췢ģûмӢֵزˣûϾȻһˣκһŮĶ


192 ҹĻ
˵޵һַɣմ̻еֿǱͣ˼żһķųѣʸŮĿѣԵ
Ȼ벻ôݴʵģֻʣһͷɰ͵ΪɶŮأ
ΨһֵźǣнŰ԰ֻܿһġ
㣬ôˣֲҺģòĽŸҲ˲٣׳ŵʵ
ƶɮ㣬ƶɮЦſһϣƶɮĴ궼Ѽˣ벻Ҳѽ
ꣿ
Ϸ˷ɲʱõĿ鸴ʯǴ굽ˡ
ѪƶɮעӦˣһЦô߰ɣ
˵ţһ𣬼źкͰʧڶѨ֮С
ιҪȥﰡѨֻʣ˰Ļ㲻Ǵү˵ĿѧӰɣ죬ҲҪС󡭡󡭡󡭡󡭡

źдˣʱҲǼѵ⡣
ΪסںԶĵطһŲ֪ǾùݵһԺ棬һþǡ
֣⼸λʲô·Цʵ
֪ˣصЦЦȻŤͷ򽫾⻰ȻЩΣҲòһ䡭ͰС㾿ʲôϵ
ͻȻʲôúСС롭ӦãƺŻʦͽɣ
һ£˵׼޺ԼĹϵˡ
ʦͽǺǣ罫Ͱ޵ľֹɲʦͽЦЦ̾˿ˣʦͽҲãҲգֻѽһ䣺ӺɷҲ޿ɺǣֻǽлԼʼһĺáҲҪԼǰ޶֡
ʲô˼ԽԽͿˣֻڨЦһ˵ģôŪҸһĺƵģ
û˵ֻǸһ
˼ƺ˵Ϊ㲻Ǹĺģ
˵䣬˷ǰţЦȸڴУԶ˵Ķô
Ϲ
䣬ﴫһϲĴЦһ˿첽˳߰ʮ꣬ͷһͷƤϣͬʮľ׳ӡȻһܼҵ·Ǹź˵ĸߵˣſһսͦأϵϢɢͬȨһ
ǰƷ٣ͷˣҲһǿߵˣ
ϹǶûˣ˼Ҽ۽˸ỨӵҾʧʮǰȫһٶʮ߿˲ӹǴδ٣˶˵£һֱûлᱨ𰡣
ϸ磬Ǽʮˣ˵ЩʲôһЦߣǽȥºȾƣ

͵һ㶣֪ɫʯɻľһ֣ɵòϹ㱳ϵʯͷ
ЦֻǷһƽ֮ļ
Ȭˣ˭ôı£ȻƽڤõֶΣһϲĵӾԲװġ
Ǻǣй¶û͸¶ܣתƻϸ磬ȥˣҽ㣬Ǹһλѡ򽫾һ£λǻƽҹҵ´ܹܣϣүӣ
ϣ֣ķѽ
Цкһ棬Ҳ˵ݣʱɫһ䣬򱱽Ħţ
һۺĦ¾ֻʣţ£ԽŵλøԽһҲ
ǣ˵šֵʱһ˿Цüëһһɱ֮Ĵˣ
ƶɮ
һ£ҹҲûʲôϸԶԶؼҹҵҹһ棬ϼһбҪ
⵽ı飬Ҳһ£ϸ磬򽫾֮䡭
ûʲôҹҵܹܣܲ顭˵һĪĻЦǸҹܣɽӣҲܸһ˵ô
ü
С۾Ҳзˡ
⻰˵ãڰʾҹҿܲ˳ۣ
Ƭ̵֮ЦϹңֻô򵥰ɣ
ȻЦϹڽռٳǣԲһ㣬ʲôأ΢΢һЦĽˣĿͬÿԺ
ŶϹҵĿꣿ۾һ
˵˵ϸ翴ĶԲԣָϸΪ£һ·ǣ˵бȴռˣζԸ£ô
ЦͷĬˡ
ŻϸҪһˣǰƽʥ
ɫȻϻָЦݣſļЦϹʲô鶼㣬ҪһλСȥƽʥóλС˭ô
㲻ô
˵ݵӣһΡ
ɲǼ䣬׿ղЩ˼ˡԼʼһΪ㲻Ǹĺ
ɣ
ŵģδޣ⢣
뼸ǰȣ⢳Խ޶ˣһɫĳȹŵӱߣ裬ûгȥȴ·֪ˣѾ϶׼ײߣͷҲ̧΢΢һЦò򽫾ĲԽӯ೤Ӧǽһĵز˰ɣ
Уص³ǵӣʱ첻µز£Ψһ⹫⢾һĿ־塣־иӵŨˣ
ⲻ˵¹⢣Ҳ˵лԼ;ÿǷʲôֻ˵⹫⢵ʺر𣬱һۣһֻԶŵĺʱпɥ
²Ҳøǿˡ

ҵĿ궼Ǵ£û˷̫ĿˮܿʹսЭ顣
ǶֱĺԪ۷壬Լ˷һ£ӱɱ룬ֺУɱ룬ͰɶڶǶӦܳһֱĺС
СɫͶԽ
ϣҪǰǶ
С㣡ǰȻ⢾һ̬ȺǹСԺգһ֮ǰϻ
СģЦ
лСġ
⢣Ƿӣ˳˷šʮ·У̧ͷһζϵ΢ЦҼһ֣ǻʹʵ۱µС̫ࡣ
̬ͷ
⢲ǸǻŮҹҴܹܣбҪ˹
ţкһЦ򽫾о仰˵ĲʣЩġ͹СЭ飬ҪԼô


193 һѪɷ
ͷѾд˼ţֻҪҵͷ̾Ϳ˻顣
ǺǣͺáЦмֹ죬Ȼߣѹ⻹һ仰˵ʣҪѽһ䡭

ʲôصĻҪ˵ʱһ죬̧ͷһϿȼһŵɫ̻
ɫһ䣬æкϹҸ˵ʵѾȥ̽鶾ǶˣǵźţλĻԺ˵·
˵꼱Ҵҵطˡ
ǵģɣ
һأ˾ͳ˰գȴɵĻҪȽһֹ֤ѾԽԪڵġ鲽ˮƽһԪ¶ˡ
һ˶ֱ£ƽҹҾǿʲôز
ҹҡ촽
򽫾Ȼ˹ղϸ˵ʲô
Ҫ˵Լʲôİɣͷû˵̻꣬ˡ
ŶɫءȻû˵꣬ûǰĻϣԼʲô£ǶҪ
ʲô𣿡졣
Խͷԣûô̾˿ΪʲôҪҹҵĴܹܣ
ʵ˵ûʶʲôرģǺԵ𣬿ǾôһѣȻ鲻Ծˡ
⢳
ҹûԵʵسƶɮ
˵ʲôԼ
ղŵĳһһҹҪԸң
ĬȻ˵ͷ
򽫾˵ʱҰһȻȽϹ죬㲻ϸԵɣӡ÷죬һĨѪӡǽҪһѪɷף͵νһѪɷ˵ˣΪһ׽Ů˶һѣ
һѪɷʱ룬׽ŮˣĪڰˣһѪɷӦڰϣǽ糿ù￴˹⢡ŻȻ˵⢲׽ŮˣٿҼѾԿ϶ˣҹһΪ⢶ԸҲŴýиյһЩ
𣿡еˣ⢾һǻŮԩ޳𡭡
ˮҲȫ֪ȫܵģһ㲻ϸԭ򣡡εҡҡͷ֮һ仰ģýۼһҹҵˣиףġؼסҹʱ֣

Ȼ˵ʱ߶߶ųһƭӣϾòĻϡ
Իص̽ԼȫװɮһףɫʯǶʯͷϣҲɫʯһٴʱ򣬾Լģױǣϻһ󵶵ӣе񡭡ţ˼ҵ꣡
һУ˺Ժ
һô£ץһСɵ˺Żꡣ
ɣɡÿ˺һ仨߶һ֣ۿֻʣһƬҶӣˣݺݵؽ˳ȥ϶㣬㣬Ҫʤ
ժһʻͷ˺Ҷӣɣɡ
أһƬ껹ˣ԰ѻ̽ĹĵʤҲУǾʤ
ժһ仨
ɣɣ
ŹһƬ꣬ᣬѽôүʮһʤòãʮΣʮ棬ֻҪһҲѽ
Ůʲôأһͷˮʵ
ҪܣްһۣȻߵĽֻһƬСǰе㿴ң㿴ҡ
ιû°ɣ
ûû¡
Ǿͱˣȥʰ£
Ŷ
ʶվһ뵽类ǿеһǣ˼Ҳ˼棬æֵߣҸ㡭ߣͷң
һЦ˳ȥ˺ܾã޲ź
ڸղһô㣿
˭֪أ
ողŵ飬Ӧôأ;˴µͨӣС۾һתԼͷ񣬴һǹпܳԿߵķǳٽ˶Ƕ
ܣģǾ㱾£ʵʵؽʯɣ
շһɽͷЦ̧ͷһڰУ߲ϵųһȦȦɫ⻷ϴŵļʮԲ׳һͽĺпסһȦ
Ķüɮ϶ʮԲȻڱҲ·硣
Ѿˣ
Ťͷ濴ȥûпӰӣϺɽѰʲôһãʱ㵸ӣӦǱŶݼ档ⳡ棬ڶǶĸͰɶȻŹᣬͲסһԪУ࣡
⣬ǶûС
٣ƶɮĶ־Ȼûƶɮʲôأ
°ĥһ󣬺ȻſڵϱһֻͨĴǣɫʯط棬һųǧֻսǡ
ţСǴܵʱ򣬸ϽһֵɫʯͷҪ죬һǴ֮ǰҵҲҪСģҪǷ֣
໡СǺ˼˷ɢ˿ȥ
ԼҲѰ˵ƶɮĶûǾȥҸʯˡ
˼ӣȺѾɽͷһ飬Ҳûһ鸴ʯ
˵ʯڶǶôûأʶŤͷȥʰޣǻȻʶɬص˺ܾò·ƻҪ֮ܵ
֮£ֻΧԶһɽͷʱӭȻһӺС
ЩֻжʮˣᣬΪ׵һиֻжʮͷӣһ԰׵Ĳ̬ü͸ǳǻ̧һܣһҲĺУ˿ʹӣӦ˺صˡ
ЩǶķȥ
ǽͨУֹԮǶ붼˳ȥ
Щжֻжʮҵӣ϶ʲôĸ֣Լʮоܽ
ǡ
գ͵ؿеӣŵ亹ðˡ
µĿɮǽȼָ𣬴඼յһָЩҲ⣬ǳյָ֮ǵֱۣǰҸͷȻҲзչĺۼ
ĦأȼۣΪ
͵˷еĵʣȼԼֱۣǿɮеˮ׼ı־ڴµĺϣǿ˼
ҪǣЩȻᣬͷϵĽȴ٣ϸһȻʮ̡
ڷ̵Ľѧ˵УʮΪ䡯˵ˣĺвеı־ЩоȻӵ䣬ȻǴֲһȺ֣
죡
Թƶɮ̫ɵˣһ۸ͳ˳ɲ룬Ȼֲɮ
ȥǿûлͷֻӲͷƤ£ʽ˺ǰ
ӷ𣡡һ۾Ϳͨ壬ϣ˺ˣ
һԼ̬Ʋ̫ǣ


194 ÷㣡1
̫ǣǶסˣ࿴˿½ϻ
߾𣬡Ҫ·һ̫ǴץǿɼɰСϲ򣬷ԽԽѽѽѽѽ
Цˣ岶Ȼ֮;ƶɮȲ̫Ǵ
˵ţÿһ·
ߺߣʶ࣬Ȼһģ
һͷӺȺл˹ȥ
̫ˣ
ƶɮһð˹ȥȻЩдƲҲҪǲƤ
ãȻǰ塭
̵ңɾߵȺʱǵϵĺкȻ΢΢һЦ۾
һɲǣҷۣɫ䣬ںϣӳĵͬٷ
ҷ˵ŭɱ㻪𣬷֤еͬƮ죬УɮѣҲҷӣΪβŽɣڱأ
֣̫˰ɣ
̧ͷһ貣ԡڷ֮лڣһɷǣɵƲ˵˵Ūʲô⻤壬Żôߣƽ׹¹ˣ
װû˵ʲô͵ؼӿ˲ǺеĽⲻԡԼҲͬصѹһ͵ſ˵ϡ
߾ǲҪ󱾴ץ򣡡װɵ
ЦЦɮѣˣƶɮһ˫ۣѿɮѵıĿ
ۡ
һ顣
֮˵ֱǣۣۣۣۣۣۡѾ˷˵ľ磬һķۣܿһеıĿһۿҲڻ¡
ˣпˣ
ɱ˴¶ʮɮˣѽһԼݰ¶æһࡣ
СѹĽȻһ϶϶󲽾ͳ˽Ȼл죬׳һԵ˵ϵС
ǣԼѾǺԪ¶ˣ㾡ȫϮһϵ˺УжҲҪһ°ɣҲԮһ°ɣֻҪǾԮƶɮͶ·ߡ
뷨ǲؿҵ˵ܸоȻ޶ԡ
Ǹ˵˵ñ۵ıۣûԼͬҪϮɵһ
ȴоˣЩвɵӣ޿֡ⵣϵĺȻˣҲһССԪھ˺ģҸж֣֪ηԣ
Ȼ
ǰϵĺ̾˿ߵķͻȻɫͣͣͣһ̵ͱ˻ҽ
󡣡ǧǰһħɵĶƶɮǾҪ˵ˡ
ƽƺ˵һ΢С£ȴ亹
һӲ
ƶɮͱչˣ
ǾԵѹƣѾǿԼԲǵĵزˣ
λ֣ҲеĶ֣˭ܶԸУϿкꡣ
ڤ긮гĳĬ
֣˵仰ѽæߴ١
Ƭ̵ĳĬ
ɣ
ɵͳеʵ㲻һϣˣҲӮģ
˵ɥѽ֣ҵֳ֣ʵڲУùٻǴҾͲŸɲһ˵ĺУ
ûõģ̾˿㿴ϵŽµķ˼ӣǴҲɵһֻصı־
ʲôһֻأǣеĺòã
ǲ׵һֻص˼еô˵
ɽ͵һֻ˵ѾﵽھǿĺԪ۷壬˽ĻᣬԷ书ͷһ߾ڻûҪΪʲôôֻҪ֪ɵһֻ֮濴ֻһͨУʵġʥԪǡڴ˵ʵĵһ
һ󴮵רҵͷĿѣ֣㾿˵ʲô
Ƥ˼Լܣ
ӹ˼ǣǿ۷״̬ɱУҲ븶һЩۣ
ôԼ࣡
ˡ

ɱͨУȴһ۷״̬Ϲ̾˿
ʱҪٸҳ֣Ͳ޴ˡ
ǣԣ߾˫֣Ե̱ƹԼˣҾɱ˶ʮе񶾹ǶĴսҲģôʰң˵ɣ
һӣ̲סЦ˳ҷдȱģÿɱ䣬ɮѼȻѾϴƶɮߣһЩ𷨵Ľ̻ˣ
˼ǣȰһʱ䣬ֺþͷ
ɱ˶ʮɮ˵˵ѾǺ΢ĳͷˣ˵һ棬Ҳûзʵʵظ˺к档
һⳡ棬мʦĽҪͷһߡ
ҷȱ
һţ˵ǵʻ·
ԭǳŶǶȥģǷһɽͷ֮ͻȻһ·һ߻һߺ֣գգ
ſףǵĿ겢ǶǶɽѰŶյꡣ
о˭أ
͵͵۵ϵɮˣ᱾ˣǿ˿ֻжʮ겻ӣò׼ˡڴ˵ѾһٶˣפҲôᰡ
֣λɮ̲סʵ
һ߳Ƥңһ̣˵˵
ЦЦ˵һαȽѶĻ
ףڷѧн棬ͨ׽һЩȽԴǣʾԼķѧ磬ͬʱе㻯ԷöԷ˼ȻҲһ㿼У˼Ҫ仰ʵĻش𣬾ͱʾľ粻Ǹ׵ޱˡ
ô
͵͵Цˣ»˶ʮ꣬ҹɨɮ£һ˺еĵѣ
ʦ߼ѧɨɮ˵ӣ̾ƤǿգǿգƶɮǿգҲǿգǶһˡ
˵⻰˵е۸ģ˵򷨽Կյĵ
û˵꣬һתȻǧ磬ΨзĲաʴʦһ䣬ʦĴһػһģĺͷ˵񣿲˵񣡣
е۾ˣ
ʵ˵ԼԼ˵ʲô˼ֻظɨɮԭɨɮʲô磿һԭķѧɮǴɷּԣҷУ


195 ÷㣡2
ӷ𣡡
ȻʵϵĺУһ˸ķŻ棬в׷׸ߺţĿ⾼
տʼǶΪǸɱУѪȵķŰ࣬ǣ˵ֻзŸɮĻ𣿰ӷԭȻаȴʧһ۸
ţͣ˺׷Χ͵ܺߣǵĻ
ĺͷ˵
ҷȱķʣϵĺдЦ˵ֲ˵ֻɮһ䣬ʱ˵ʱ˵
գգҲóɨɮӣЦ˵ʱ˵˵ʱ㲻˵
ⲻϻô
ǵܺвΪĸһ˼½ؾһҲϿҵظı˶ĳƺ
ʦȻƽ̬ʵʦ߼⡮Ƿ˵ƶɮѾ˶꣬ջʦߴͽ̡νĿ˵֮ʱνĲ˵֮ʱ
նն
·ɨɮľ״̬ûش⣬һָиո½󣬴Ц½ʱ˵ȴ½ʱ㲻˵𷨣Ψһģŵǧ쳾ܵһģҷ֮˶٣ĳҷ˵򷨽Կգգһжޣҷӣȴ쳾ɫʰһŷİ
ҷڣͬʴʦβȴ쳾ɫʰΨеķģ
̰³֣̰ܲܲȡܲ˼Ķһڣ
ӷ𣡡ϵĺУеĺУͻȻظߺţлʦ̻壡
Ƿˣ
͵͵Ц˶Ƥ治֪ԼڹЩʲôȴ֪Լ˵ĻǷŵ
Ϊ⡮̰֣Լķšɨɮֵʱ򣬾Ͳֵ̰Ψв̰ʰģҷС
ȻԼΪɲ̰¶Ͳˡ

һ棬Ƕ̬̾Ͳһˣٴ·֮󣬴мȥѰյ꣬Ƚ곤Χߣ⣬ɨɮƽʱ¼𣬵Ҳͷ
ʴУһͻȻʵɮѷ𷨸ײɱĵΪλҪɱʮҷأ
ǰ㶮ΪʲôҪɱأжŤͷ
ƶɮûɱǣ
ֱ׳صˣʱ鷨һǽ𷨵ģֻҪǴ󽲷ŵͲдȵ˭˵ɱǣվƶɮۣ
ƶɮ˵ģ˵ĺվ˳ãɮѣոճϵģɱǰ
˵ƶɮȷʵɱǣΪҷӣȴΪѵ֮һһ߳ƤңֻƤҶѣƶɮɱǶʮλɮѣǶɻһڷ𷨵ĵ·ϸһ

ɱˣ˶ɻǵǵɫеˡڤ긮е궼̲סƲ죬ûˣ˵ɣò׸ı˺е̬ȣǷ𣡡
ٺһЦҲԼЩûˡ
ǡ
ҲǸ鷢ˡ
һη֮ǵϵĺоͿʼĿϢƷǳأ˵ıԵĻ֮۾ͷӷƶɮȻִʦˣʦĶɻǶʮӣУǵ컯
ʦ˵ʲôǾĺȻɫ䣬˵𷨸ɱ˳ɻڵôﶼţ
ΪʦԭҲǲŵģòŰ
µܣ֣صʮ񣬡ʦлɻЩĵӣķԵ
оɵϣôҲԼĹҲеͿˣװɮӣòɮˣǺǣǱ˵׵ģ
ƶɮ֮һ⣬ЩӵĻǡ
ԭƳأѾ˺Ѻϵı״̬ܶڼع״̬пܿһ硯ӵģԺأиղŶһϣǡÿ˱ɱǶʮеꡣ
ǻظдкÿ˶Ƿ棬һο;ϲӡ
ǻûֻͶ̥ôоȵʵ
ʦ棬ҵ˴Ե񼴽ǰ磬Ǻ쳾ֻ֮ˣЦķ档
Ҫȥ֣жݵȵΪô˻Ե
Ҫлλʦˡ
ʵемҵȱλʦɱ֮˷һĹͷϵĴڹ꣬ʦ뿴ʦ͸ƾӡǣֻܵظתһ⣬㱻ǰ켫֡ӷ𣬹ǣɳ̨Ѿҵȵţ޶꣬ǳԵҷȥˣ
˳źǵָ㣬Ҳ
ʱпһϵ꣬Ҳ귨ࡣ
ߴɣͷ˱ֳַۣŰ˱ȼܵ棬еһĽ

˵еľغһЩ֮ƶɮõһ׮طǿл䡭ӷ𣬶һ֮ãƶɮżʶ˴ʦֶΣ
ٺ٣ԭǡ꾭ãЩıȥˣ
͵͵һЦ̽ˣǷŵӣҳҲӦõģǸȻѾۿûкЩӣǲǿ뿪ˣ
ʦǸæ֣ΧһȦ˺ġ
ǣѾ֤Լˣ𣿻˵Ҳȥ죿ȻǶĿӣ͵͵Ĩһ亹˵ǲĽЩУҲƶɮɱǣȻͷϻڹɣ
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Ŷ˲õԤУæǣǾȥҰɣˣ
ɮѣмɫԭҪյģǼɮѵķ𷨡Ǻǣɮѷ֮ջҪʤһҵΪλҪѰأʮǰɮѳ֣¶ȹѹأȾݷŵ˰

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ñ͵͵Ĩһ亹ǱߵģƶɮȻô鷳
ƶɮ˵ɣʱʾɢ׿ڸ˵Լ֣ƶɮ棬ɴ뷷ţʥʶһȡԳЦЦ϶˲ŵĺ壬ȡĸ֣ƶɮᣡ


196 ڶ
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197 һɱ
νƿǩǽѡַͯŽƿȻҡǩ˭ֱҡ˭תͯȻھһϵеں͵㻯ͯܵõŽӡ̳һС
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Ҳ̾˿Ͼڹٳ˼ʮ꣬һӾ뵽Ĺؼڡ
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Ϊİڶˣǵ̬Ҳ仯ˣ۾˺εء
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ʯͷͰƶɮˣЩǣǡ
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ıͲߴ֮󣬾Ǳһѿʲô
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ѾˣʯֲڶǶ棬ǶǶսҲʧȥ壬Լȥ˵仰ˡ
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ϵ꣬Ϊ裬һԲסӵгһʵȻߣͣҪԲɱˮһ;޻ڣҪɱڰ
ұɱǣ̹ȻΪǵ̫ˣҪǷһգᣬӦ˵ͻɱҵǰҪʯٺ٣Բסˣ밲ȵش߸ʯֻܽˡ
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ۣ
ĵѪصˡ
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ΪΪ˻һλѻһĳԭص³ǣһɱô鷳ˡȥɣ


198 ˵
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ոͷʶڲǷʱ򣬺ðɣȻսƶɮͲܸˣ
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ͬһʱ䣬ЦһԼĽѪﺰͱˣ
һһĶУĶȻӲӲȭҲȻ֪
һɲǣѪ߳һȫؼ׵Ľ죬ͨĵͼװ磬һ·һժͷϵͷ¶һŲŭӣ߻һڹ⣬ڸ˰Ƭա
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ҪǣҲ˹ؼ״󺺣Ȼ˹ָɱͽڡûֿˣλأǺɽˣģɡŶֻҹҵһҾˣ˵һҹҸ˵ֻô
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ֵ˵ðŰն˽飬ҹҵ£Ըһֳ

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˲ûг֣ȴ޼ɵŪƺЩЦ

ʸΪǵ֣޵и棬ֳ

֣鷳˰ɣ
˵һ۸ЦС۾зһϸߡȻеλ֣˭ˣһ£
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λϡǰѽЦضҴûλһ£ʲôƵ·𣿡
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Ӧ˵ðͨʿŴأ϶һƻʬǣ͵ƻʸѰ·ͻȻعˡ
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ӦĽѪҲŹ̳һе·ⳡ棬ĻҪϹԮһ̧ȣͰɶְ˸ţ˾Ӻ档
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޴ǽѪ˵ǰŭӣĵ׿־ӲͷƤǣҪңҪΪʲôɣҲҪСװףǾݴ˵
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Ĵ˵ͬһ챻ϮָǺε˵ѽܲ˭ݴ½ᰲȵģ
ɶ̾˿ǾͲɣһʱĵ飬ͻȻϢʦ͸ӦڶǶ̸˵ѰѾҵһЩֵҪ֤һ£ԣʦ͸ӦϵǶ
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ҲǸҰļңץȻֲͨһͯƾݷţ
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һԵĸӦȻЦһأҪߣҲǸߣ
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202 涾
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203 кеĹ
⢳Ϊ˻ƽѪʥŮԸйϵ˶
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죬ððһ䣬Ƕ𣡡
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ھʱŮ洹ƶɮ˵һǳţǳĵطضƯý㣬ڤϣ硭ǶƯۣƶɮÿ챻Ǳڻգ϶ڱһᣬǽµ
ƶɮϲζΪýǶ౧һһףƶɮѧֺøʽĽ㣺磬㾭һϹŶӣƶɮǰ飬ʵ磬ĴмСڣ϶ǳྐྵµ֤ƶɮ͵͵ɽŪӵʳ
ƶɮسΪŮ洹ϲĺӣǾƶɮСӣͶֺøŮˣ˻Ǹѽ

У
ƶɮֻϲŮ˱׶ѣ
˵ƶɮǻҲ٣ǳСÿμƶɮڽǵĻʱܻ᲻о۵ıѪǶ˵ƶɮŮ洹ʧѪࡣ
ȻƶɮдȱĵÿʧѪ֮ƶɮͻȥʦ㡪㣬ڷ͵㣬˱Ѫһţ޲һòѽ
˵⻰ʱƶɮаƿ죬ʵһۣȻطʡأʲôÿΪʲôڷ͵أ
Ȼ౻һƤ޵ƶɮ޹ˡ
ðɣ϶Ů洹ĴĹ£˵һ˵Ů洹С
ţ˵һ˵źλСˡ
Ů洹ŮǶǺܿģλС;ƶɮᣬ˵СգŮ洹̫ˣŮĲ˵׽һ֣Ҫڤ˿һֻ֡ҲŮˣҲҪ۰ģ˵
ʱƶɮ֪꣬شôµ⣬ֻøλС㡭Сǣʲô۰ѽտ۰Ŷ
Ҫ
꣡
Сƿƶɮ˵ŶСգղŽ˵ĻɲҪڤˣȻɻᱻġ
ܶƶɮСΪʲôƶɮ˵ĻŮˣҪ˵˵ԹֻƶɮȻõߡ
ʱƶɮЩѽСǵıԹ֮󣬿ǵˮ֮ƶɮĴȱķˣȻظǡ㣬տ϶˵ȥģһ۰ǰ
ƶɮġ۰ǡ
λС㻹кܶҪ۰Ľã磬źϾ㣬ںԺɨصܰ㣬Ľ㡭λСĴߴ֮£ƶɮԴȱģηðűڤƤΣһ۰Щǡ
ðɣðɣ˵ȥˣȻǻġ
˵Щİɣ
˵ƶɮһ书ˡ
Ů洹ѧԹķǳϸ񣬳˴ڤ֮⣬Ҫѧϰ书Ҫ֤˵ʦᣬŮ洹ѧ˶ʮ꣬Ҳֻõ书Ѿõ书ļ֮һˡ
ƶɮõ˶书
źƶɮǲϿɵĺУûκ͸ƶɮѧ
Ҫ鲻ƶɮС۰ŶƶɮϣСǷ׷ҴܣϾ㴫ƶɮһƷĽ㴫ƶɮһȷܰ㴫ƶɮһڹڶСĽ£ƶɮܿͳΪŮ洹ļ֮һ
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ƶɮʮʱһ꣬һλŮ洹ݻڤ㡭λԳˮ˵Ľ˲Ծֹͣ˺ƶɮ۰нһ𣬶ȲһСָ
ʱƶɮѾһ۰ܶ㣬Сǳ֣εˡ
Ͼ˵ƾƶɮҪŮˣֻҪָ׵õ
ôһλǵĹˣƶɮκ֮󣬻ᷢʲôأ


204 ˫
ˮ˵ķѾչغܶˣؿչ룬ѾһűɽصһƶɮŸɲȻ֮ԭ棬һʰ
ˮŮ洹ס£ƶɮ˽¡
ƶɮⱲйܶŮˣƶɮ֪ǰЩŮ˲İƶɮֻ̫į̫¶ҪһలοԶѣˮ˲һΪºͱʱˮ˿ˣƶɮҲܲᡣ
ʮƶɮһᣡ
ȻƶɮðһͷҪףҪȢ
ܿЦһĺУȻһз֮
Цɣպں˵ĿҪŮˣͱҵģ
ǣҽ뿪Ů洹ˮ˵ǰǽܿ£ˮҵĸûг棬ֻһϹܼҾͰҴȫϣһˣȻ󶪽˺ˮ֮СҲˣΪˮҵϹܼҲû£ֻǰˮ˴棬ָҸᱻˮ綾ʴÿһƤ⣬ֱ㣬ˮˣˮҵĸԺأ
ںˮҺнꡭ
Ҳ˵ǣҵƤ֮Ҿһˮ˵Цݣҵļⱻˮ˺֮Ҿһˮ˵֣ҵĹˮ룬ۿԼѾɺɫ֮ҾЦһЦߺһˮ޸Һ
ꡭ
뿪˺ˮ̶ϹܼңҲˮҵ˾ҵİ취Ϊ֮ѾˮҺʴ˶ˣԺ򶾲ֶ֣ҩΪ˶ܲģ
ȻһССĴǣұһûƤڹ¶Ĺһ˲˹Ĺ
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Һ͸ӦĹºܼ򵥣治ҵĹӣҵѣҾ͸ʦɱˡ
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˵ЩͷգǵЦˣ۽ǶĶ

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˵ҵնɱҾɱ߾ˣҲǲĳˡʱá꾭յ꣬ҲǺġ
ϸһ룬ȻŵݣֻҪŮ˻ţ;ڣһףбҪԼˣұѩ
ûҪģ
ԣƶɮ򣬸һϵûУ
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㲻֪ԭôպȻʣ͸һ˿Ϸʡ
У֪ȥ̯
մЦװɵˣƶɮ֮ԶأΪȥգݻƶɮڵĸʯƶɮ꣡
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˸ӦƶϣѾ϶ԼյˣƶϹƶϣ׿˵ζȫͬġ
ȥգ㵥˶Ƕһͽƶɮĸʯ߿飬ƶɮĽѾܴ͸꣬һͽƶɮˡЩƶɮҽòһ㻹˵֪ôշʵƶɮǵƶɮһΪ޻أ
ƶɮڶǶ˽ֱ꣬ǰƶɮ棬˰ѰҸʯ˰㰡
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Ĳ˵ˣȥյ֣Ǿ̾ҳϣⶼģڲЩ£ʱ书ͽûˡ̧ͷô˵𣿡
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ллأл
˰ļ䣬ʡȥ˲ٿ࣬Ц˵˼Ļ֮зС۾ʣ֣Ѿ޼ҿɹˣԺǲǡ
˵ˣƶɮ֪ҪЩʲô̹ȻһЦʦֵİڶˣƶɮȻԸ꣬ҵʦֵתͯ
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Ȼûеõȫĸʯյǲģ͵һٻʱһЩֻȱһȡ
ҲҪѾٻľ飬û˷̫Ρ꾭Ŀھλ
ͬʱջðֱʣڵдһ˵

꣺˫

棬գ򶾲֣ӳһҩѧ涾ƸʽиӶ˺˺٣ȡߵĵȼ
仯һȫ˺ԣֱ˺꣡
仯ɽ

ûİԵ䣬ҲûʵѪǴºӶ˼ָЦɫʣյ꣬֡ʵã
򶾲֣һʽӶ˺ɣȻֱ˺ֵ꣡
ʶٵˣǵһ˵Թꡭͳһ㣬յþԲѷǼϹŶ
Ǽ񼶵Ķ𰡣
ү
ʱ򰢸˹¶ؿһԼĴԾңôˣ
ãӻֵôģסһ仰УӪŮһˣԼֻҪǸŮԸ⣡
Ү۾ˡ
С۾ҲĶȤζһǣһ𶷵ˣԺ۴齫
Χһ𶷵׷Ťͷº˽⵽齫ʲôˣƲ˴齫Ҫһأ
Ǿ£붼ѿڶ
õ˵꣬ĺܺãҪǽһ齫Ĺ򣬺Ȼֱһ춯Ťͷһ̲סɴ۾
ôˣס
ƺ˵֮⡭ƶɮ̵һôأ


205 ɫɲɫ
žžž
ԭߵǶڵʱһʯͷѵĴ죬н࣬ƺǱɫʯġ
һƣɫʯĺѾһ𣬱һѪģĶ뱳ЩǶǸǶ棬ɫʯϾųֹâѨҫɫʰ쵡
үʯͷôŵö档
û£ҿ
Ҳ׼ɫʯı仯ϵжһһǰ۲һ
һۣɫʯϿһܴѷ죬ȻǱѵģɺϵǣʬѾҪĩˣȻ˳ѷɫʯ棬ѪĽݣҲһɹʵҺͬѷ죬һ顣
ⳡǡͼںһ
͵һ顣
²ں֮ʲôýֺҲ֪Ů洹Ĳ챦ʥɮĺƳıԳ֮ΪĶںһ𣬵óĶԲ򵥣
ţžžžžžɫʯĴͻȻ涸Ȼ߰ʮѺֹۣâҲһ˲ںϳ˶ĿĽ⣬жǶţѾþݴ½˶Ŀá
֨
ɫʯͻȻһУʲôҪʯ͵һ񻰴˵
氡ɫʯйصĶƺֻһ֣һλȻɫʯĿ϶λеֻ֣Ҫλʮ֮һٷ֮һı¡
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Ƕ̳Ե۾Ͱһʯס˺ܾãȻ۾ʯ̽ͷ
͸ղһ±ըѾǶըһƬǽ壬ͨĵ·ҲΪɽ尼ݶˣǲܽ붾ǶڲȥڤˡѰתҲʹ˶ϵ
ѾûЩˣֱضŸղɫʯڵĵطᣬɫʯѾʧˣȡ֮һֻɫӰ

һֻӣһ߸ߣһ߶ΧëһһֻԲĽӡ
оڿ΢΢˫צʮȻһЦظߺһţӷƶɮˣ
˵ţ̵վŷɮ˳ݷĶׯǰҲкֱӴѥϰγذף˺һСģЩߣӸԼһССģյشϡ
ٽֺСצӣԼͷϡأأءһʮëεĸɾ䣬룬¶һͷƤ
ʮûëĵطǡʮ̵ӡ
һУӻصĵط£˫צʮ˾ģӣɫգղɫɫǿգռɫ
һ紵Ͻë貣ԣ˵һõɮķׯϣ
̲סܹȥúӵĹͷһɼӲĽУǸĸоӵĳɷа޼᲻ݵ󵶡
֣ǡʵ
ƶɮʯɴʦѪ㻯Ȼʦĵӡֺа۵š
ŶǴɫʯġ˵ͷֿԼڵֵ֮ʱѪҲɫʯ棬ӵĳɷҲѪǸЩѪԵϵ
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ô˵ҵͽˡƲƲ죬ʲô
ƶɮδзţҡͷԵȻһɫΪӰ׹ɫ㲻׹쳾ƶɮԺšɫɣ
Լ֣Ȼ󹧹񣬡ʦϣͽէδðճƷʦʩһ
ҪôûдͻȻһͽܵлָʶ˼ƱҪ˵ʦûУǮ
գգӽƱ˺ˣҡͷƲ֮ҺﲻȾ쳾£
ҪǮԼϻһЩҩƣһԵ˳ǡƣ
̾˿ƺܲüҺﲻƣ
ҪʲôһЩĿ⣬ҪԵģ
ƶɮȷʵмҪһЩʳʹĵŤͷȥʦŵӵİ˴֮һǲʳȣƶɮȴҷĽ̵
ģһУ
εһ¹ͷҲҪҲҪ㾿Ҫʲô
ʦѯʣӲҲ˵ؾϹϵ˵ƶɮƲϲ⣬ֻϲŮԵӷ𣬻ʦʩĸ
ĸĸ
°еϲ£ˣؿźӣ㣬㲻ǽвɫ𣿡
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ȻΪʲôԵԼͽˡ
ͻȻһ˵ã֪ʦķΪΣ
̰ҧгݵ˵Լķţһºţɡɲ̰
Ŷɲ̰
ţɲɫ
ʦ
ͽ
ӷ𡭡
ҷȱ
һеץ񣬰ԼǲǸʲôɲģɲ֮ġ

ǶѾΪըٵˣҲʧȥ˹תͯĻᣬ룬÷һתͯڶԼһ·ȥѰҾˡ
ö⣬Ųɫ߳˷ĶǶǱ֣ʦͽ·̬ȫ෴ƦåɫׯֵС尺ͦأһеˡӱ˵ƺûʲô𣬶һ·ɫ
ιɫ·ʵԼ𣿡
ƶɮɣȻãɫʯ
ʵأʳԼĵ⣬Ƕټûھ磿
ƶɮʦѪʦĵȼƶɮĵȼ
˼˵ĵȼǺҹģĿǰǺԪ¶ΣҲǺԪ¶ΣˣҲ֮
һֻԪ¶εĺӣ
С۾зһֱߣȻȻѹɫȻؾӪٺ٣ҪһЩˣ
ؿץŲɫͷƤͰˡʱ򣬸飬ɶ࣬ڰ׹Ƕ棬˿첽Χ
ҵʯ
ҵҸ׵İ취
ӷ𣬿뵽ʦֵȥ
Ƶ˳ٺһЦȻ˷˿ȻǰҰתô
Ȼͷ
ǾͰһСæз۾³ϣأ㳲̣
΢΢һ
˼ʱ䣬ֱ˸ǰ˹ָﻹһ鸴ʯ
һ£ȡ˸ʯ˿ɲյȱһ飬һĳʽ񾭲
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ΪʲôȻ
ûŰɶ֡
ɶ⣬ĻЦСʦܣҪ˵ʲô³ҼȺأΪʲôһҪȥأ
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ѪܵĻÿ͵۾
һ仰ѾԶˣصԼľӪöֻ˼ӵʱκЩƶ֡
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ٺ٣ҵٺһЦƾյҽκ廹Ѱɣ
˵꣬һתԹŮָ֮󣬿Ҫ³ȥһŶ
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206 
ڤ긮УıѾСʣҲȣһŵͰİϵķıȶҲͳͳһԣֻһס齫ƣ
ǵģ齫ƣ̾ߴĥСľ飬Ȼ̳֮ĽȻªҲһ齫ˡ
ʱĸΧڰԱߣһץһ棬ڤ˼ĥһƸô򡭡
žʱ˼һƣݺݵˤϣ
۾˵ؾͽץЦˣˣһҿɾʮȦˣ
գգʩֻűѾ΢΢һЦͻȻ˻εƶɮϼңȳˣ
㾹Ȼˣ
ҡͷ̾á
һ棬ɸε̾˿ֵˣǽεˡ
ʩҪˮתѭһȦ˵ƶɮأ
ЦеؼһֵӮʱ򣬹ºĵؾһֻ֣죬ƺҪ˵Щʲô
λºڨڨ˵մʦ֮ǰңѾˡ
˵ţƵһƵĶ棬ҪһӾ䵽ûڿɴĵز
ˣպȻüëһҲ˵ƶɮٺˣ
ɵ䣬ĺô
˵ѹ£ºӸæһӣҿˡթթ
թͬʱ֣˹ң

еֳ棬ο
ԤУ֮ٲҪһ춷ϾɵΪնʧٵġҲȷʵһսˣɵɫֻ˵˼仰ƽ
ֻǽ˶¶ȥ
ԭձڶǶ֮ˮҵϹܼһϷŹÿ궼ĥһΣ˶¶ʧһ꣬ǡϹܼײ˶¶ﴮš
ѽϹܼ룬ŮòĪյĹͷ
ԹŮҲҸ㣬ǺãҾͲɢǣǳͷչˮ˵ˣ
뵽Ϲܼץ˶¶꣬ºݻգҴˣб¾ɸˣ
ɸݵһǿߣˮ޺ۣˮҵɸ
¶ˮץˣɵüͷȫʢ״̬Ҳһб´Ӯˮ޺۵ġ
ƶɮչģǾݵһǿߵķˣԳЦЦʩȷΪƶɮץйͬĵˣͬЯֶԵУˮظԵŮ˰
⻰˵ɵĿͬˣͬĿ꣬׾ͽ꣬ܿ죬˾ͳ֪ѡ
ǣоͳһȫµĸ֣
ɺճÿ峿𴲣кգϵܣߣȴȦ齫Ȼȥŷ磬緹֮ٻϹźˡų⣬ֲϲºӣֻεӰֻڽԼż̾ɺˣԼ϶ŷʱˣˣˣֻдϹһֻˡ
Ҳģǵ꣬Сºӣ
һûɣûĶʵ͹ؼʱ̿ԱɵСˣı£ֻÿ춼ĬĬض齫桭λ˴Ϲֻ֮Ÿұ׵ʮ죬ĬĬᡭ
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ϣԡԴʷʫµĺĻǳ̸СıңԼˡ
Ȼչ˵ĳ˹ԭⱾԵĵͱĳ˵Ĵүгˡ

ԽԽͷڤ긮ջĿ⣬ХһָԶ̫ɽƶɮٿһЩ
ףڱ̿ɢȵ¶ȣﳤƣվɽͷ׸߿֮ϣı紵졣
ɫӾļϣޣӰŮ˺ֱɽһͬ⻪мȥ
Ǵʮ³ߣŵļѾһˣ˳ǵһ̯ӣҹ̵ر³ǡͬʱҲĲÿʼж磬Ӧ¡
ӵٶȵɽͽ³棬ҵĲ鱦Ѩôʱ
Ųɫȥ̽Ϣ
һӣŲ鱦Ѩ˼ȦС۾һһģ̰ɫ
ιôǣüͷ
УҿǴԵ򱱽³Ǽ˶ʶҵĹͷһ䶯ô죿һЦЦеʵʵ˵ȶؼʱٳȻҹ֪һˣ϶Ԥϵ֪ǵļƻ˵ʲôأ
ѽҹҵϢ̫ͨˣǱСһЩ
Ľͣ޵˵ͷ׼Ըҹңô
ˮڣɵһҹĲɵ׬ͷ
üɫؼûûΡӣ΢ɲ̾˿
ôõദ̫˽ˣԽЦĿģԽأΪЦеı֮ѾһƴĺģѾ֮⣬׼һˣ
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Сʱ֮󣬰˳˻үϢϢҺأҹһûг֣
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ٺһЦĦأ
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̵촽ȻȥɹһʳԼͰ޶˲鱦Ѩ档
һж֮Ȼ˫һֳһӰݵģһɲĸ˱飬ڴСºӡ
ף֮ºӳءסôˣ˼Ҵ齫թʮѣӦóŷ簡ô˼ҷųˣ


207 
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ͱˣһ仰ﲻæɣ
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208 ƽʷ
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ڳǰסսϴμȣŬµĽղ壬ƸԵͰԵͬһСɽһ㡣
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һЦȻóЦˣƽѪȻǿ󣬵Ҳһ飬ǰЩ겻÷˹ôζԸҹңֻҪϾɱһӣƽѪĸ߲ͲΪһҹҶΪ㣡
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壡ǰ䳾ŻڱƵ΢΢һЦˣҵҪҵļأ
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209 һǹ
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٣ɵҲȻѾԤϵԣǰ׼

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ϣϣ⻰˵ģҹҸңǲ˻黹չǼҵӣǵʩأ
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Զ̫ȻŭݵӾѾ³ˣҪĳ˾ʷһݵɷ򡭡
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˹֣һǸڴͻƽѪ⽻ϵ£㣬ϵƬƴճãȻ
һ˶𾪵ű䳾Ҳ⣬ʲôⲻǰŻƽѪ۸𣿡
䳾ͱˣЦһü͸˵ΣûҵôǴԻҵˣ£
Ȼû˵еԵɣеǿˣ
ɣ
ƽѪ̫ζˣǰѵȼ֮󣬾ȻûԼ棬ôԻҳ֣һҵĿﵽˣеɴԻе
Ȼ֮󣬹Զʵءѽ˼ô£ûѽҾƽľһ°װʲô֪ӣҲϵػ˻֣ǵʱ㲻Ҫ֡ҾȻܾƽѪĺ⣬ԻұǸ
֮ôһױ鿴ͱӣƽѪû۸ң˼ֻƽ͵ذµģ󣬷ǴԻҺӰ⽻ϵҽ˻顭ţ߾ȫѰģĶǴԻң
ȫΪôԻұڹƽѪ϶Ǹĳֺôġ
ڲô˵ɽǿѾվòӲŲˡ
ɽ͸űߣ飬Ǻεȵ裿˰ǰŻƽѪѹԼͬḷ́
ϵܣҡСصǸƽѪ尵иʩѹֻҺɽƽѪ屳ڹΥֻܶԲסˡ
˵꣬ſ㻹飬ʲô


211 ֹ
ƽѪݷԹͬѹߵشЦ

ЦУ͵һ֣һ񱳴󵶴źļҽϷУʱȼ棬ȻԲʮ֮ڵĻȫת
꣬ذȫ
˵ЩʲôҲãҴҲգԲ飬ˣԲҪԼĶûˣ󵶺ǰʲôӣµɣ
ҪΥˣ
εҡҡͷðɣΪʮδͣĹ԰ţΪԹսģҲŵķĹǰΪǡһ仰ҺɽֱֽҵֶΣңܰķڷҺɽͷߣҲ֣
ɽͱ
˵ɫȫɫұûмĸ֣ļһЩǿߣҲԪڵĶְ
бѡô
Ȼµˣҡˣ
ԸÿһԲٲĴȦӣȻԼվȦӵĶ棬УڲɽʿҲվı󣬶ɽ˭Ҳ˭ֱȦӵ档
ɽ˭
վλ֮󣬱غһѹ飬ѹνһʼ磬ˣ
ǺãߵȦ룬ĳѹȻڷ£˵Ĺϵǳ䵭˵ǳҲࡣ
һ˪ھʱѾأԱֻ֮һһ߶೤İضϽ
׼׵һ棬Ҳڵš
λǺԪ۷壬ܵУȺŹҲѣһսֻԳˣ
ҧҾΪսܣǡ
̵ģû򣬴˵ɥʲô
ͻȻסļ򣬺Ц磬ֵȵģĸСϱҲŸȢϵģЩչˣڵƴʱ㲻ֵܿŰ
˵꣬ɽʿһɫת󲽳˳ı˪
һ£ɽʿģɽͷǵ˵ղʦǴкˣһ󣬺ڲڶҵ󡭡ǲǱĶ֣ǳִսһʮźĲɱȱĵĲˣ
֣
ĶȻ⳵սǸð취ɱʲôʵ³ǼûκĿܰ
ѾкˣٲԸҲû취ıˡ
ڰգһ棬еҲԾС
ɣ
ɵôˣ
̫ͻȻˣôƶɮһ㷴ӳʱ䰡
ӱһѾˣ΢ԥһ¡ΪлһƬƣǻƽѪĸ֣òϸһ£˭֣Ȼ˭Щϵ˰
һԥĹѾˣ
ҧҧɫ׼ˣ
˵껹ЩûеֻǺԪжΣаճ±Ԫ۷𣿡
ӷƶɮҷ֮η񡭡ɫ߸ߵͷʮӡ
ã¡
ҪԸ˵ϸڣһԵĴɽľһֻצӣλ֮УɽԼȫ˰ײǸɳĮķ׳
常Сֶһ㲻
µȻ˵˰֣ڲɫ߷Ը˼仰
ʱѾͱ
ֻ˫ȭٹͷһͷţոսΪԪгɵĽղ壬ÿһ󲽾ڵһĽӡǰ¡һײ
ûһۣһԴ

һٵĴ죬澹ȻеĹͷ棬صͷһֻбסһͨ죬ǲסز
˵ڲƣӶס
ڲƣЦˣǺǣ꾹ȻѾֵزҵĺԪһܵˣ
˵ţŵ̧еĹͷһЦڲȻܴǣ룬ǡܵסѩ˪𣿡
仰ԶСģǡߡ

꣺

ֻܶסߵķΧ߷ΧȴγǿĵɱܽԼȼµĶֵʱȡߵȼ
仯ɽΪ𣬻߱˪

ص㣬һƬҪ򵥶һˣܳԽɱУ
ߣ
ľոմȶָѾеĹͷϣȻΪģ߷Χ֮ڵĿ̼˽ʵļխոպýȫڱ֮ڡ
˳һĹԣɵȥ
ˣ
˶ر۾
бסˣһӱ˺ҪȥİٺݺݵڵϣѾ壬űķѣ
Ҫǣһ־;飬Ͻ׷ڷеı磬̧ţص¡һҪʵоǵ³
ɾǧһĹһֺӲӵӰ볡ˡ
һֺֻӣģͷʮ̣·󸹱㣬ҡҡλΣͬշһĳϲСٶȷǳ죬˺Ӿ󣬾Ȼһ֡һ֡ؿÿһ
ӷ𡭡
ڱ֮ǰץס˱磬һ˦֣綪Ȧ档ʱ򣬱ۿ类˽ߣ˦һʹӵؿڣ
ԱĺŭһӲŲæÿģתȥȻСʵϥǴű߸ߵؾˣǹĺƨɡ
ҷԻֹֹ
ֻǰһȻԼĺơ
֨
ɲˣ


Ļ
һڳļ˾ͺȻЦԼƨð֮󣬱ǸЦǰϡ
åӣ֮ͥ·ƨɣڱˣ𣿻ǡñˣ
ˣ
ԼһֻӣŹƨԼչʾƬԲεĺΣĶǱһĺӣк֮£ɱСӣ
ʩԴҷƣϺǺСҲǺ
ɫع򱱵һ࣬צؿںʮӣ˶ΪʲôҪ˵
ǡɫСûϥûԺأɫոͱԼСðһꡯһˤ
һ߶ûǡһߵĲɫֻӵȥ֮ӱ桮࣬࡯ðһݣȻ󣬲ɫѵ̽һĺ
ſӱԵɫãȻ¿˿ӷҷ˵ˣ


212 
򣡸
ǵֶ˼һֺֻӣָģȻжԣһֱңǸŪһֺֻӡҵӭֶǣӴԺƲң
ƿԣҲ֪ɵӰ
Ϊβ˵ˣ
ŭұһӳսʮΣʤܹ˲ڽ¹Ǵûʲôˣսѿ豾ѽ
˵һ룬ͻȻס˺ףŤͷһɫȻĲϣӲ֪ŪһСľ鳣ľƵأűĺסˣˣˡ¡
ӷɫǿգռɫɫǲɫɫɫһԴɫһ˭Ҳľġ
⺩̬Ӷʱ˶ЦɫȴˣһԿֵѹ飬Ҳشλվ
һʼֻӵСһĽɫǡСбڱĲϣ˺ü֮󣬲űԪ۷״̬ı𣡣
Ӿ򵥣
˦ͷӶȥʮףὣǰӣҳͷģ
һЦķ⣬ӵ˵ͷƶɮĺӣ
ȻˣǾɣ˸벻ɫȳֹƣ벻һһֻǿĺӣҹϼУ
ææ
һֵצӣҡҡҷȱƶɮһսҪ򣬲Ķһô
ģôģ
ƶɮҪģĽӲƶɮӲָָԼĽ£ƶɮվ㿳֮ƶɮѪƶɮ䣬˺ƶɮǾʩ뿪³ǣڳѳŹغá

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ʵʵڵվŲܶܵ
۸СӣҡͷܾˣԼ̫֮ᱻЦġ
۸СӣգգɫͻȻ棬ϲõ仰ǲǡ㲻ҽܶԼɴͶĸ˱﷽ʽ
㣡
ǳ˳飬ЦҲãȻͳȫ㡭վˣһˣ
˵ţһ˲ɫԴ
һˣս֮ǰܻ֣ܻͬһ·һ֣ضȫԸ˸ղűӲһľ飬һѾ˺Ԫ۷˻ıѩ⣬Ҫһɫĺͷ
ɫһЦؿš

ڲɫĲϣͬһһĻ𻨡
ʩɫʮҾһëû
ĺӣ
ɫ΢΢ŲɫȦϸһȻȵڶȡ࣡
˵꣬˲ɫĿڡ
һ̳Χ¶ȶʱ½˼֣֮ĿŤʵʵİɫѩȻĵڶѾԼߣ
˲ɫǡɫϲûнһ˱ĶϽ
ʩֻʣһˡɫѡ
Īĳֺ򣬶˽ղĵز
޹ò
Ŀڲɫת˼ȦȻ˲ɫ֮䣬˵ģ϶һţţ֮и桭
ţɵö࿴˼۲ɫĿ£ɫûдСãԱһ۾Ϳ˳һֻ˶Ĺӣ
ãȻ⹫ӺŶҲ֮䣬ֻйġǸطˡ
뵽ͦʹ̣Сģˣ

ҵ磬һգ۵ʱʹ̵˲ɫ£ֱ֮Сֵܣ
ⳡ棬ǲɵþ̫ˣҪӶӾﰡ
Ѿĵر۾
ɾʱֻáǰɡһ죬͵һֻɫȻ
ץһֻط㶣
ԭڴвɫǸطʱ򣬱ĶϽٴαɫϣֻʣ˹ͺͺһֻ֣
ôܣ֮󣬱ŵػζԼĽѩ񽣣ôôᱻġǸطϣ㾿ʲô򣿡
ɫߺһţЦ

̾˿ˣԸķ䣬Ͼͻ뿪³ǣӸ˵õʲô򣬾Ȼˡ˵ĹЧ
ʣе˺Ů˶ֱŲɫǶ֪⾿ʲô򣬾ȻáǸطӲ񽣣һ񽣸ˣ
ƶɮδʲô򡭡
ž۵Ⱥ΢΢һЦɫ黨һţ񽣣Ϊƶɮʱˣɣ

ڰѾЦ˶Ƥ
ƨɰ
ɫ֮ӲȫΪɷ֡Ҫ֪ɫĺǣɫʯԼƳı˵ǹǿǸ˲ɫ޼᲻ݵķ
˵ֻҪɫԸ⣬ÿһλԴëϷκһ˵еı
ɫҲ̫ˣɫȫʤȴ˼ŤͷȥȻǸطϱıô̵ѧ𣿺ߣҵͽﶼˣ
ӷãһпɲҽ̵ģɱԩŶ
һްˣ˵ģɫȻ֡ı£Ҵһ˱һĹͲɫһ
˱һС۾ˡ
ν˱һòɫʹãԲɫķټ̫ͼһ书
˼䣬ĽеãȻõһֻĺӡµһʷմ˵۾ݣҲֻȼڱʤ㣡
ȼˣ͵Ů˼ǡкüǿ
Ȼ
Ȼ˵ˣ˵ǿººꪾ;֮£ǿ
޻˵ˣꪣǸ˵һʱǸ˵ꪣһʱǿ˵Ǹꪱǿķڷ
º
ºꪣ
죬ȻеźϧԼһѧįʱһǴ˵еǿꪰ
˼ҷɵʱ򣬱Ѿ䣬ɽߵ˳롣
ôֵСҵֶˣ
ѹֱչЦʱСıʦܣжԣ黹Сıһɳꪣꪣ컭ꪣ


213 
ˣɽıȡԸ
ܿ죬ĸҽ̧һ˴ꪣ޳ͷжߣһƬͷһĺ⡭
ʵ˵ꪵ಻ҵ߶ȷ񽳲ľݴ½Ҳֻ಻ѡܶ˶֪ѹһꪣȴû˵ѹꪻܹʲô֣¹ʲôҵ
ɽڴĺպꪼ˺ˡ
Ҳеƾ˼ꪣߣꪲɽУ˭֪ĸУ
ӣڶսսô
ꪵķָ˲ɫѹ΢Ц
ӷ𣬵Ȼ
ɫԼսϸ˿ѹꪣȻоһԵĿ־С
һַǳĸоͺ񣬲ɫǰꪻܹȻ֮ٴһսǣȴȫûģ
ɫС۾գգԼӦøϽѹѾ˳Ĵʷ˵
ȻȻսô
ѹ΢΢һЦôǾͰͱĶԼҳꪣӲꪣô
ɫӲͷƤͷԣӷҷƣ˲ɱ˲ϸɲܹƶɮġǸطȻǻᷢŭģ
˵ţСøˣ֪һ壬С桭
ѹ鱻⺩̬ӶùЦȻꪶȻ֣һꪣȡͷ­
ˣ

ͬڱı˪ѹꪺܹ֣Ǹ߾ꪣùеһ̩ɽѹݺݵ˲ɫĺͷǣͷϵɫͷʱƫƫһֺëƮɵĸоͺһƬûë
˶óᣬǽʽշı־

ڲɫͷһ㣬ûȻѹꪣ˺ʮ
ӲĺͷѹЦûԴӲһУǵһ
⻰˵ѹĵһʧ
˶ʱ
ɫɫе죬Ĺĵصһѹ飬Ȼɴ۾
ڶꪣȡ࣡
᲻ɫĹ֣ѹĵڶꪳˡ
һͻ̵ķʽǰͳ˼󲽣ꪴ͵ش̳һӾ˲ɫĿϡ
һش죬ɽЦҲӲڶҰˣ
˵⻰ʱѹ벻ɫŵڶͻ̵Ĺԣ͵һꪺɨͷϵ˲ɫĺ࣬ǵꪣȡĺ󱳼׵
ž
ꪺݺݵ˲ɫıϣǣɫһһ֮Ҳֻǻһ˿ǺüĿӡ
дˣҷ㣬˭˭Ӯɫû
֮˵Ȼˣ
ѹ̾˿߹ĲɫĺͷƬ֮ˣҲˣôողŵĶԼǲٲ֣Ա㣡
˵ﳤȥ
Ӯ𣡣
ӮˣӮˣ
͵شģ
ӲУǿߣĪλʼðģ
üɫشм˵˻ЦҪɫһɵϲУɫȴһܵĻҺɫĬĬȺ͵͵ߡ
ôˣЦЦһЦǸոձԪŶ
ƨ
ɫյһĶƤ˲֪ƶɮɽһоɱƶɮǹƶɮģ
ʲôɫһ䣬ǹܸģ
ſ
ɫһָԼĺͷͷԭʮ̵ģھȻһǵ룬ûɽĵһУѾƶɮĺëƶɮĺëƤһӲëƶɮԴˣ
ڶУ
ɫÿģһָؿϵһӡڶУɽѾƶɮƤɾƶɮѪʱͻȻͣˣ䣡
Уһĺ£ɫð亹Уɽƶɮθ𣬲³Ѫžһ˵İƶɮκˣ
˵Ķģ
ȻԼ޴˺۾ڲɫͷϣû˵ѣ
ɽбɱ˲ɫ
ǡȻŹ˲ɫԼ䣡
ɫѹ书ʲôص㣬ȻܹһԲ
ɽǸꪣɫίǸꪺ񰵲һƶɮһ£ֵ˼ûУˣƶɮƤʱƶɮһָоꪣӷ϶ʷ˵еı
ܹ£Ҫǿ֡
Թؿһ۰ޣŮⲻղ˵ġ
ӦþǸꪣ
޵Ŀ͸һ䣬ģɽȻºꪣºµıȻɽУ
ɫʮأ
ŮôˣԴޣȻҲɽȻõ˴˵ĵ׻ЩΪȻģһǣıУǧ֮ҲֻһıѣŮڱɫô

̾˿޿Цֻһͨıɽﻹûʲôǡһ˵һйԴĴ˵ŵҡҡͷҵеңһʱҲ֪ôӺ˵ˡ
죬Ů˵ʲôأ
˼ң˵ĻҲģֻʼ磬ż˵ɽʲô⣡
ѽһ仰仰ģ˵ѽ
޽ضţȻ۾һˣȱ˵ʲôɽûԶϽһ꣬һҪʲôӣ
͵ꣿ
٣ƶɮУ
Ȼ˵ʲô˻꾭ɽıӰһ

һȥʮӶû
ɽһˣ
һˣ
һźɫˣ
һһսֳַ컭ꪣף˫һƳֱĸһð亹ˣ
𣿡
п࣬ʳһ֡
ðŷӦֵȫǡ໤壬ǷӵĻô
ңǷŵӣɬ촽ش
һͷʵɱҵģ
ϣ㿪ʲôЦæԩ޳𣬸ûһʱɱ𣿡
ûɣЦ͸һ㱯ռū˵ö֮ⲻôͻȻңָӥһ¶һ㲻мڻûʸɱңɱңùĳ˾֮
ǡĳ˾ˡʸɱô


һڷЦУ˷ɳ۶ȥǴһ磬ֲ֧סľȻ
ɣصʵ磬ݺݵһ䣬һĨͷȻһƬʪ亹
޼æʵʲô
һ䣬ȻƲƲ죬³֣
񣡡


214 ɱ
֣ܶˣ˵һлҹУҲ˵ƾŵԪĵ˵˵Լ
סĸ֣𼶵գºӣΪʵʸɵʵɣоǻʵĵ徳˵ʣ
ĸվκһ쵱Ľɫ
ڣڤ긮д˵ıӰꪣĺɫס
˭ǿĻ
ֻǿºеʧ񣬡ܾǰڽ֮أ˵ϢѾѷյĳˡ
գʵС˵Ĵţ
ꪣ֮˭˲֪ջ˵ȻüͷʩҲھˣ
ĬƬ̣
˵Ǹˡ棬ͳʮ۱Ծʮ֮ȫûҪǵʮаɣ
ʮ֮
û˵ȥ˶Ѿ˼ҲֵֻܵʮУʮУ
еô
ҲԸʵϸһ룬Ҳϣ˺ų񣬵߾˻ŬоյʱѾꪻƳգķš壬ˣ
ʶ
ʵУҡҡͷԼһԳЦݡ
Ůǰ˵һ仰˵ȹĳ˾֮ҲʸΪУ⻰ʲô˼º˱˵꣬ѵʥ۾Ҳᡭ
Ҳ֪Ĳ֪
޵˼ܻңҡͷҵȷһЩ˵ɴ˵ϾֻǴ˵ԼûŪףܺҸ㽲ģ̾˿֮סɽȻӵ꣬;򵥣ǧҪͱ֮Ტۡסɽ֣࣡ѣ飡

ֻø˰һԹ
Ůʦˣô˵ЩĻ
ʦʦֹʲôأ
Ͱһֱڵ˵òɫоԼյ䣬ӷƶɮǺӣҲҪڸеģ˵һӣ˵𣿡
㻹лҪ˵ȵ
Ȼ㲻֪ѹΪʲô𣿡
ɫָָԼĶ䣬ƶɮʱѹ͵͵ƶɮ仰֪Ϊʲôɱֻӣʮ֮⸡ͤԱƣݣ
ͷʾԼ֪ˣȻεؿգƾԼĴһƬհס
ʮ֮⸡ͣѹ龿ʲô˼

ӿհף˼ҵʱ򣬲ɫŵ߽˳ӡ
ɫ֣Ϊ⵽ɫľٶɽһģ常ȣֻɱ˱ɽٴγս
ƶɮ㣬ʦ󣬻Ƿ󣿡ɫͦص
ɽƬ̣常ǷŵӣǷ󡣡
ⲻͽˣʦƶɮȥǷ˵ҲӵģɫԼķƶɮһֻɵĺȻŻŻӶˣУƶɮҪȥſ¼һӣ
ɫ֣СҪ㣡ɽڨڨСž³ˣ常ᣬǡһ£Сһȥ
žž
ɫصԼӣӣҪ˰æͲӣƨɣ
˵һ̵˱ȶ
ʱ򣬴ֶѾˣ緢վ
ضŹԶɽѾˣ㻹кλ˵
Զһһףû뵽ҾȻðһֻӣЦּߡ
ô죿
ҴӮ˶ԼԶѾûҪЮҵĿʵȻҲƽѪֱӳ֣ҪôˣݷָŻƽѪļǣһĹ֣
ⲻϻƽѪ棬λʥ˾ûнڵ¿սģ
ǿһ㣬΢Ц޻˵ˣǺã밴Ҹղŵ飬ʱջ飬Ժ̸
ٺ٣
ԶͻȻһЦѹǺȻŪôһֻӣ˵ˣƽѪҵǧ꣬ʲôĶûûпǵǻлƽѪôЦݸ䣬㿴ţʱ֮ڣһûƽѪ˳س֣ɱһ󣬾ķڷ
ƽѪ廹кɫһ䡣
ʱɽ뿪ķһݻͷϲһ˴죬ɫĵ棬ıߣһֻʨʨͷϻһӲӵڡ
ô񷨵˶ףʨӵԭĿͽ죬ǴľȨ죬ŴԾӵ־
ּ
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ңôִʥּˣ￩һ£ԹˣĿŵΥʥּµӭʥʹ
ӣ
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һΪΪ
ʥּĺ仰ֽű
ģҹҡǻƽѪĵ̣Ҫȫ͵ҹҵҪȥˣ£϶ҹøķʽ磬ǿԽڷ˻ɢȥִ磬ǿԶϵҵݣǶڻĽҰء
ҪǣʥּţȥȥԹ㣡
򽫾ּɣʹ߽ʥּ͵ǰЦ˷ΪЧ˾ٹ̣˶һ侫ұأ
ƨұķּŶԣ
ɫˣȻһҶΪĹͣΪսѫȻżյҡһбҪЧ
ΪֺûƽѪ壬ϷŹԹѾõ˸
ĸǴ˸ɫ͸һѯʡ
ڲɽʿиոմӱоȳУÿ˶˵ͷ˼ǣ˼ˣǶˣȥ
˵ͷʥּּ֮ڱض
˵֮Լʹ뿪³ǣȥתȥͶĦ£ĦҲ鷳ȥ޾󺣣ں⽨һԼĹȾˣ
û꣬ʹѾЦգǺǣ򽫾Цˣּ̳
˵һָϵĺƣûУǾǻƽҹҵʹߣѾĲӻˣ򽫾ͽҹҵĽƣһжҹҵɣ


215 ֣1
ǳʱأҲһ
л⣬ңǾʹ˽ˣ
֣صټгԱװӣ֮ڸϵģȥˣ£
֮ڸϵģҲҧҹҵһȣҼҴҵҪһЩ£
شˣȻռ³ǣǱˣ³ִƣ̣ҵһкȫռҴã
ǰһвƸתռң
ѹռһ³ǡ
ģԭҹѾˣ
ǣ
ЦһŹԶ֣ǻƽѪǵˮ©ҳռҵĺ·ûв´ǻ׼˺ֻ֣ҪҸҿµĸ־ͻ̳֣ɱңô
˵أԶЦ
һʲô˵ģߵѾҵ˽ҹңһ˵ʲô
Ȼ޻˵Ǿ·ɣԶЦģһ·ϣһúչġ
˵Ҫ·ô
ɫͻȻȥȥҲΪʲôҪίȫҹ߹ɫ
ҪôԶȡ
Σ
ͻȻԼĴ󵶣ȵţʲ壬ֺüѳԹˣ
ң췴ˣ

һȣڳıͻȻҡ
ǻֻЦеؿ֣ԻҺҹһһͣ뾡취ԱⳡǶôȤǡĿŵ췴ˣƽҹ˳ֵĿʵ϶һѪȵĴɱ
ܣܣͺƽɢӡ
УϴһЦһ׷ƮӰ㵨ΥԹոǧԪʹҹңɱⲻҲТļ
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ԪԪ۷壬ǿ֮һһ֣϶¶˾Ȼɫսѣ
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ϿգԪ˫һţʹ˳֯һԾ޴İɫȻԪ
һ˲䣬˺ܶ΢ı仯
Ԫˣ¶һ˿ЦݡҹѾˣԼҲû˺֮ǣ԰صĵȫˣ
ϣֺþòˣķѽ
ҪסԪ
ʱһȣʲô
ˣ
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Ҫ֪ΪԹԼŮɱˣһ˵Ҳã˵ΪҲãǾԲǰԲԹ飬Ȼ϶
ѹѾأ㻹ϼԲԼ𣿡
ǵˣԹˣ
ﰵһ䣬Ʋ֣Ҳ֣ҪԼļ𣿡
㲻ܡ
ûʲôǵģҲģԲԼĹңԹӵĹң޵Ӿ͸ҷƲƲ죬֣֪һΪһ룬ֵЧ𣿲˵ģԹ˽⣬һ룬ڶ˵ʲôӦ
޻˵ˡ
Լ˼Ϣȥṧؽһ෴뾡һа취ɵԼΪԾеӰ̫ˣһλ֡
ҲһֱûӰԾԭ򡪡֣ԾֻУѵģ
ͨûУ˵ˣһڣģͨûͨΣڵϦϸҿʣɱУ

˷ˮҲ˷߰ӵʱ䡣
߰ӣ
һɫӰҪ죡ԭɫڳˣ͵ŵ˳һӣԼֻ·ꪣȴͨȭţԪ档
ӷ𣬷˵ˣ
ɫԷɿٶԼСãԪԴȥ
ʲô
ԪֻǰһһƬͮͮӰӾͷȻһɢųСڿ㣬ɵòȻŭһˣϷ򣡣
أԪ֧رǼʮɣڸ˰Ƭգɫ޿ɱܣ档

ԪСڿˣһֺ飬еûһƬƬĵУƵؽɱ˲ɫ

һĽûʵʵؽ˲ɫϡɫȻϾֻһԪڣͬǺԪıԵǹ룬ϵǱĸԪ۷Ԫ

ڰɫĲ֮£ͻȻбһѪ⣬ɫҽһ漴ûϢ

ɣ
ɫʲôʱȥģӦöƶɮı
ۿԼͽܱɱˣС۾ȻзȻ˫綸Ȼһӱǵ׿⣬ָϳ˷צ
ʿһֻ͵ˣͬʱų˼ͷȺɱ
໡
һǺУȺ˺Ԫɫ˻
ƤԡѪɫѾɱûкˣĹڲɫʯס࣬һϢʣһ
ɵӣɫţҲ˿ɫչˣԼָȺչסԪȥ·
ϣɫˣ
ָԼӣһֻǵıϣЦسԪһ֡

˶һ£˵ǰ˰֣ʾڲɵʱȻԪȱæŴܣô
Һ֮䣬ʲô˵𣿡ԪһЦ
϶ûʲô˵ģЦһͷ˵죬ҲǸ찡ָźƣûи߹򽻵ϰߣ֣ǰ㱳ӽгɣҸģ
ûʸģԪʱɫ䣡
ǰû˵ɣЦе㲻ѾͶҹǻʲôˣ潲Խҵ䣬ǾֻҹҵԻ㡭źúõ˼ȥ򹤣ϰ弶ĶԻȻûвķˡ
еƤԽԽ̶ԪӱǳɫƾҪɱ
ȰûǲҪ֣
ҡҡָ֣ݽˣԴӦûб䱿ɣǾŬһ롭㿴ңҹҴѹһռ˹Ҵ֣ҲŲæ˵лʲôЦЦû޿֣ӳһģȻ㲻һռˣ
Ŷģ
дһѯʣǰ˽ͤƷӰվʮĿȴаϵͣǰҹУ
ΪʲôûģЦҹҸа裬ŸֶôƶɮԵãҲмѣǾɣ˭ĸֶ࣡


216 ֣2
Ҫҹһսˣ
ҹЦЦкԶȻˣȺ˵Լ£Ȼٸһѵ˵˰˽֮ͤУ豭һڣ͸һʮѡ
ȻûавУڰԼĽ¡
үԶ
ԶȭȻֶ֣Ѿ˺ܾðɣǸղŵĻҲˣǺǣһᣬϵƬ£ܸһ·
ҹûҷﰡԹ̾˿Ҫҹ̸ҹаˡðɣҾ͸˵ˣ
ָָƬѾ˺ˣˮգټǲܵģˣ֣Ҹһµ飡
˵ţһһֽƬ˹Զ
ڵдٶѾ쵽ѱĵزһӵĹֽƬϾͶһĴ֡ԶӹһĿǰָ⶷󡪡飡
⢲ظؽɨسţΪݣʮ³

㣬㵨˹С㣡
Զҧгݵش
ǵģдһ飡
һͱ΢ˣݵ˵ǻƽѪʥŮĽڣҲˣڱݵ⢣ͱϻƽʥŮѹ⢸ɨسˣ
Ҷ񶾵ǣ鿪ͷдˡظĸ֣⻰ҪǴȥƽѪߣþһ䣬ѡһˮʥŮֱϹ۾

ˣҾ棬üЦ֣Ѿˣôˣգݵ˹⢣³֤
ԶĳӶˣҪ֪һⷴݹ⢵ţҲ°
һжˣԶղԼ˵ģ״飬ʹЧ⢱Ѿ޿ɸĵʵ
ˣˣС裬ֻҵѪϴˢˣ
ԶɭȻұһʹ죬ҵġ죬Ҿܾĥޱѿ
֣в𣿡˷ۣȻЦǺãвģæҵġϵ
кղôģѳԹ֮ȥţ
Цɵӣǵȥڵǰ˵𣿡
ѽһǺͿˡ
һԼĹͷǺãȥϿʰǵҪֵǮĶȫŶ
⿪ЦȫԼľٶԶһ֣Ԫס˵ȥ·
æ߰ԶЦǼҲԹ棬Ѿŭҹҵľݴ½Ѿûǵ֮ءٺ٣һ̣ȥܵظ仧ɣ
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Цˣ֣ղҼҵĺӺͱģٶһΧĴɽѾΧ˰ɣǾͶģֻҪһʱʰôҹʱ֮ǰҾܴҡڵ뿪³ǣҴеĶ㣬𣿡
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ԶۺϵҹУûеõȷĴ𸴣Ȼֿۻҵֳ
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һûߵٺһЦƶɮԴ㣡
ãҿôߵ
Զһԡ

ҼҴҵһ֮ȫ³ǣⲻ̫ʵҲǿеĶֻҴݣеıףֵǮļ鱦оŵĹ餡
ҹ³Ƕš
ס˶ʮ³ǣȻ̾˿һҹ֮䣬Ȼ䵽ĵزҲҰ
ЦɵĲȥµĲ뷢չҪ¯
¯̸ףҡͷѾǲԹˣŶ⡭
ô
˵һ룬ͻȻʵһûзӦ˵ʲôǣȥĦ𣿡
ұԹˣҵĦҲٰȫˣЦãڳǽһƬҵȥĦ£Ȼһǡٺ٣Ǹõط
˵ʱѾָӼҽװһ鱦Ȼ˹
磬ѾʰˣҲˣ
ã·ɣЩ䣬ȥǣ
·
˵ɫͻȻѿ·˵ףô߰ҹҵĺƾ棬֪˶ٸ֣һԼ߳ţҪЩְ·ɱģ
Сӣа߳³ǣкɵؿ
ϣɵû𣿡ƳеĸСϱ٩λСɵûģ˵ô죿




İ̥ŮͬЦóҲֻǿջЦԼб»뿪³ǡ
ҲûأصЦЦ·ɣҵҹҾԲ׷ǣ
ô˼Ҷ黺߳³ǡ
ԶԪ͵ڳ棬һͷˣЦһŴ˹
ɣԪ
ȵȣͻȻʵ֣Ҹ˵һʵΧңҹҾ˼Ԫϵĸ֣
ҹүҺ޺ˣԪͷԸǣһ˾㹻ˣ
ŶǾˣ
ͷ̫ˣֵѽ¸ôźأ
˵̧ͷװ׵ӣϣղ˵ʲôһˣܸɵˣ
㲻ţ
һĲţΪҸղһ㡭޹µֱɮأ
£
ԪһԺҹҺҵĶԹɴʲô飿
㲻ףЦЦһָԶĴ·ҵ˼ǣٲ·ҪµΧˣ
ӷ𣡡
䣬ƽըƵһţӰգۼԪǰüƮƮ׺ӴؿڣϺйʮ
ʥɮҵ׼ʱϵȫƾʥɮǲ
£ġ㣬࣡
Ԫʶָɮðһ亹
ҡʥɮ
µλʥɮʥɮ
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İڶˣֻеļ֪ԪҹҶ֪飬һƺһѣΡ
һ̣޺ӺϷصվԪߣô£ָɮôˣ
ӷʩʩϺǵȻһЦ벻Ҫ֣ˣֻǷʥɮķּƽ￪³ǣǲΪңȻΪλʩҪǸΪҡƢƶɮҪĳֶˣ


217 ֣3
Ԫ޺࿴˿

ֻԪڣһʤκһλֱɮڣȻҪָɮ
Ԫ޺ҹҲӺϷֵǲλɮĶ֣
˵ţɨһɮҵ͹ˣ
ô
΢΢һЦк˼·
һ·һĺһɮҹΧںģرɫ³ǳŵ
ò˵ҹеʵȻĪ⣬ֻʮУͿԼȻ޷ʥɮסˣǷԸ޺ԪҲסʥɮǼ׷

Ŷ˷׷Ҷ顣
ѽλôˣͷػӻ֣Ȱǻ߰ɣȻд鷳ģ
ʲô鷳ԪЦµλʥɮѾĸˣ㻹ǿĸֲɣ
˼ƺҲµͺ¿ô
һԪУ
һòᣬ͸ŨŨаվ·ߣЦشԪ

Ԫɬ촽æЦݣ紵ģôݹ³ˣ
࣬У֮¶ѣԹصһкҪǾɣ
ЦˣңҸ֣
ΪʲôأааһЦ˵֮ţԪǽĴ˵ǿߣҸһս𣿡
ֿЦˣ⻰ҽģҿɲҸᲢۣԪҾһԪڣ˵һֻֽ֮ԪһΣ֮رʵ࣬ȣҲԶأ
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ƺϲԪƨӻ֣ǺðɣͱȽķϣ޺£ˣ
лл
ԪҶ棬ˡ
޺ҲܣûֻôؿףɪУɫ
ߵġ
ӲҪ
޺ʲô֣ʬǱɿޣԪܳȥԶ֮ﻹѵ⡣
ȻȻһ԰ȻҵģΪʲôԼԼȥ׷
ţȻ룬Ϊʲôߣ𣿡
ǣԪʶػһ䡣
ҪˣҸ𰸣֮ԷŹ㣬Ϊ޺̫ˣ
̫ˣʲô߼
ף̾˿ҵ˼˵ĸ̫࣬ҹҵĸ̫ˣɵġҸһкֻ޺㡭ҸӦ
ɲǼ䣬Ԫ˱Լµ޺ʲôˡ
ߵģ

ʵҹɫ£Ҷ·뿪³ǣڽĿƽϣ˵ĶƺƵر˱
Сӣôĸ֣йЦ£Ӧ½һǿ߶ˣôɸҲո֣
еĿϲ˼ǳܶ࣬ǵͷѣһ붯ô֣ҪƵĴ۰
磬⻰˵ĲˣдЦһôĸ֣Ǻ£ĺ£ӴԺݴ½ȫ֪ˣҸ£Ӧ˵ѣ˭ңǵһѷĸ֣
ϵĳƶʱɢȥЦ˽һսҾͲδˣ
˵ţüëһˣԶأӴʥɮһ𣬹ԶͲˣϵҹҲˣȥ
ǡ죬·˰ɣ

ԶСӣ³ס˶ʮ꣬ô·
ǻ·ˣ
ھҶ鲻صɽҰԶӺʮҹҸ㿴ңҿ㣬ͻȻү·ˣ
ܶҲòԭڸӦסԪ֮󣬹Զʲô֣ҹҸּ׷һɽ·ȻԼȻҶӰӣҲǰĵ·ˡ

ˣֻ˲ӣôӰӶûˣԶ³ǵĵͷ֮һǵĴ·˵һǧΣôҲ·
ţǰ·ͻȻ̳һĹǺֵشӲݣɽʯ·ߵķ̯ǰһжܵظİϢ֣ɢŹɭɭɱ
һҹҳԱȻƺⲻ·ǷˮʦŶݼ󣡣
ԣ񶾵һ󷨣ܰԼ˻
ѵ˵ҲˣԶա
ֻҹ֮ϣԲԲһֻɭɭĳ΢΢һЦ˭
ԭСӰѿҲˣ
ҶУ˵Ҳ³ǸЦǰϣ̫ˣҪϾɱҹҸȫû;ݰ
ϣɵ˵ģҹҺǼ˱磬ҪǲһݵģҿɾͿˣ
˵Цǰ̽·ļҽɱүǰһŹ֣ǲǡȥһ
ԻҺҹҶѾƽˣʲôŹ֣зС۾ð޻ҶߣԼ˼ҽ˵ĵص㡣
һİϿȣŷҲֻϿϷŨŨĺƲ㣬·һСӣˮԼʱʱޣŮ˵
ѽ
˭棡ȵ
𣿡ϲش󺰵ʦ֣ң䳾䳾
תߣȲ˵䳾Ϊʲô˵ղţͬ꣬ƵҲͶ·Ӫ䳾
ҽһߣĲµأв֪ܴٲƸ⣬֪жȨµһҵĵλЩĿһݣ䳾ûȤˡ
̤̤̤ߵȥ˺Զ䳾Ϊ·ô󺰵ʦ֣ߴˣҵϪˮң
˵ţϿȣһȳһյ׷
ѾͷովһսϵбȹңϵıֽҲˡƺҰ˺ҧѪģһƬӿѪ
䳾ķ˺˵ʮʬ壬ǱѩʿǵʬԻ˵ɢżӣһѿˣ¶һĽ鱦ͼţƤֽľڡ
СѾͷǱأȻһͣ˽Ų
ˡ
䳾ˣȻʲôصѩʿʬ帽ǼţƤֽΡΡ͵ǰ
СѾͷһĨϵЦаʦ֣ҵĶҸˣ


218 ҡ⣨1
ţƤֽǼݺԼƱҺͰٱի档
Ϊ˸һ䳾
ţ䳾ݺһͷ
֮ǰ֪Իҹҳң˱ɽͻȻʱ䳾ŻȻԭײҼģҪң
ôУ
ڴݵʱѾӦʥɮǰԼ䣬ʥɮͽˣѾĿڽһʦ֣ͻȻʦβҲ
ұðϺ˼֮䳾סĻȥƶһʱ䣬ƽѧ˺ܶصĵڻ޷׼ȷ۴ԻҵǷȷãΪսһѫǲܶԲģǱҹҵǿȨȡ
뿪³֮䳾ͱһӸ͵ҽӦõ棬Ҵҵظ˹
ʱѾ󷨣³Ƕɭɭ֮£䳾ʮʿֻһСɽ·ʧããĴɽ֮УҴĳǵ޾͸³ǸԻҵ֮Ůرֻ޸ˡ
Һ޲˺þãǱϿȣҲսˡ
䳾ŴãûжҶˣ
ɵѾͷεһ̯ٱիǴԻҵĲҵЩٱի飬ҸŮѾѳԹǰٱիˣ
ҴЩ䳾סˣûã

æԼһοЦݣǿԵʦ㲻˽ٱիǧٱիʹӻзˣڰٱիĴ󵱼ҽ޼ҵ˵޼λĵһ̳ˣǱܸܵˣǳˣһ֧ģ
ô˵ҺͰٱի⻹ܳȥ
ǾͶлˣֽӹţƤָָ䳾ϵ˿ڣ׼ô죿ؼңȥĵط
Ҹַˣһؼҡ䳾ȦˣСܴȥʦ˼ң䳾䳾Ҫʽ˼Ϊʦ
ǸϺеĴ

ѾͷҲԼƭĹҵˣˣˣ
Ȼɽĳûô̹ˣ䳾һƿյֹѪҩкҩӾͿȬȻ߰ɣ
лʦ֣
䳾չһЦץսȻſϣһͷ΢΢
Ѿͷ̫ˡ
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Уɽۣºڤ긮иһָ·Ҫûйֵָ㣬û߳Ŷݼ
˵ֻкܴôģƶɮǲǶһأ
ᵽºӵãһºܵŰеԲ档ҵ˳֮󣬻ҪºӰæˮ滮һȫµҳǱѾԺÿºķŷʱ䡭
ţȻᵽһɵľ㡣
·һֻһСɽİɽһĽͤͤȫգƮɽˮ֮䣬³ķ羰ʤ֮һͤ
ѹ˵ڸƵԼ⵭ľ㣬Īھˣ
ЯУɽˮʤ֮䣬򽫾ˣйȻѹ
ͤһ棬źĸŮһȣһȣһѣһڸŵصƣǸµꪣͤһǡ
ϣأսЦֵ߽ͤղŻҪл飬ȻǺͽܿɾҪȥˡ
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Це£ѹ
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219 ҡ⣨2
ʲôʲô֪˼ѾĽ£ɽ꣬ߺͷϣ㻹ΪԼ֮壬һֱӢ۷׷װݷ
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СϱǣУкԼǣ̣߳һСĺУ˵ԼյĴ½һҩʦⱲӣûôεأ

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ɻߵſڵʱֻͷҲˣɫص񣬹Ƭ̣߳һ磬òߡ
ˣ̵ػصԼţǡϷ

нӶؿļˣȻļꡣ
ʵ˵ɫ˵ʱûзϣվͽ𣿿ǲճȥ֮󣬲ʮӣվ͸صػˣضһ仰̷ųºӣȥۿһɫ
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221 ǿ¯
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ѽǺͿˣôأԳؿڣɫǱˣȻҪȥʦ޸ǿ¯½õʦ󲿷ֳŷұ¯ԣƲɫȥǣŷұɣ
˵ţȻԥȻƲɫǡ
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̾˿˵ĸֱףݣɵ۹µ۹ƹǿĽ㴦ԹǱұ֮ءϵţݶڻرµ۹Ķڱ󽫣ҵŮս߾ĸغ
žણ
Ĳ豭ˤ˵ϣߺһš
ӷֻأӦˬձ۾ƶɮնɱɣգҪˣ


222 ̽
·ݣǶΪȵļڣͨǵĹٵϣĹͷð˶ĺϵƤϣʪճܵˮһˮԼͷϡ
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ŶһʣһȻЦ˵ô˵ʱ򾭳أԭǵ򲡣һ̫ˣ͵ͷɢȣ
쵰Ҫ⻰һɿޣ
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˵ſ˫ۣغȵĿںˣǣȥǲе͵Ϯȥһս۵Ĳ֣ÿϴ裬ÿϴ֣ؼǣдѵʱԼŪһЩɾĶŶ
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С䳾˵ٱիʹԻҹȻĲϣų֮ϤƹʾҺͰٱիĺǿԼģû˴ԻҴгɣܵõࡣ
Ȼܾŵһӣָ˰ٱիһƷҲˣ֮⣬ټޣյҩڹºӹŪһˮͼһԵض˰ٱի
ͶұٱիڳǽһģķֲרŸҵĽס
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԰ٺ̴֮Űޣɽǵİ˶ݵݣǡ
ɫõ˵𣿡
ɽǰ棬ÿɽһ¨ɫͲ档
ƳأɫѾһһ߶ߵĺɫʯ˵ǲɫұ˻ɫʯıԴ̬޶ȵرԼ

ʯͷȻ޷ش
㲻˵Ҳ֪һκ㣡
ЦЦȻеԼһӰ֣æһèסԼĺ󱳡
ɣڴ·Ҳ͵Ϯ
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۲һطķ̶ȣõİ취ǿĵ·ǾˣǵĹٵ㹻ƥս۳ң·˴ȴϸĴ·涼ʺս۵̳ɣɾһĴ·ҲЩʩչġ
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ԹīҵİԵأأǾǿʦң⹫žͳڹңóľе
Ҽ뺫֮󣬹ԼĻں˺ҵ¼õĹ¼õĻͼֽ⹫ѾǶֲĻʦ֮һ
ӥʵѪʯɣȻɾҪ㲻ˣ
ЦЦеֻƤҲһ϶
ӥ˫΢ذǰ棬ƴһս̬
֪ôСһðɣֻԶˣ
˵ţ˫һƤȫ򿪣ľĸʯţߡȵۻҵļ
ͨ
ڰлߣЩȫ˽ˮ档
ǻʦʵô
սЦ°ͣ⹫һ־Ͱѱӽˮץ˵ĻЦģ
ţϺȻ˼ʮˮƣʸһӥڵķ򡣻ˮУӰˮ棬ľʹؽΪǣƬƤͬߵĻеߣ
߶ֱ۴ϸʮ׳һˮͲסӥӥذ׸ǣȴֻžžذ׷еߵƤˡ
ǻʦʵŽˮУֻǲ˿Լϻ޵ַѡ
ˣǹҵĺԪϺҵڤ죬ûԪڵʵѳȥ
΢΢һЦȻ֫趯˫Ҳ߸߾ذڶ
⶯Ӱ£ʮе˽棬һ趯أӥûߵĺ֮С

ʱˣ
Цеؿżʮе˺ҧӥƤӥѪȻ̧һָ֣Сһ̣
ҪɴüҪСǺҵĵˣ͵ڵ˺ңû˻ٰƲɫ
Сĵ㣬úϳһں
ɾؿӣЦЦһڵȻһӥӾô
ʲôڻеߵ˺ҧ£ӥѪɺӣҪʧȥʶˣ˰ӲŷӦڽ߳󣬾ʣ°ҲͲ
ãǾȥӾɣ
˵ţ˫һ棬շӥϿգ˫ڿ˼ٵȵǣ
䣬䣬䡭
⼸ٵǷħ
ֻǳ֣ͻȻ˸̫Եǹ⣬ÿһǶһ꣬գۼͻӥϵļеߣһâӥıϣƮƮ˽ˮ֮С
йâڽۣȺ󽭣ӥ߷
ʲôˣ
ؿŵߣĴӴץһڸӣɾͶ˳ȥ
ǣʵʻ꣬ӥ֮Цһͻصڤ긮֮УӰȥ٣ֻӰһͲˡ
չ
ܹźͺĴѰӥջ꣬ЦŽɢ
ˮƺƵʢʱ磬ڽߣŲæһһ羰һߵ̴͵С㣬һؽ·ϵɧָ񡭡
㾿ʲô̲סʵ󺫼Ҿ˵ģô԰ҵĵˣ˵ղòǽôˣղҩɳ֣ⱻ˿ҵı
ں
ʱѾ˽ˮΣӥˮĵطʮ￪⣬һ洬Ŵҵ۴󽭣ðָĵط㡣
ûûεӣĹĵ˴ͷ˵
ŮˣЦҲϧﺫҲҪӥɵŶ
ʲôɣ
Ϊӥ򣡡
Ϊͬգ;ˣָıӵ½ûһҲаʮ㶼ҪеǣɲɫֻһܾȲɫĺҲֻһ
ǵģǵģкܶ࡭̵ǡŷұġֻһң
棿Ȼ
ûӥǴصٵңΨһӣͷ
ӣҲܾ޼ҽǵʱ˵ˣ˴ѣ׳ӶˣûʵȲɫΪǵﺫңòɫЦ
ŮϢʱˣ
һЦոմһϢҲбƲɫҡ
˵һ룬һԵİͻȻһүҰӥˣ
ȻӽˮԡѪԵӥ
ٺ٣Сӳˣ˿кӥԼ˰һļЦŮӥˣ֤㿴ҾʵƲɫҡǲǾݵһʦµ֮


227 һˣֵܣ1
ڽˮĽˮ촽ȴɿݵҪѿһӥ֪ԼָоʧѪ࣬ǰס
үү۾һС۾Ĺͷˣһ׷ˣһֻܣһĴӣĸΧһԼ
˭ӥʶסԼȡ
˵˭Цһָָ⴦һת
Ǿң
ϳӪԼַӥϵĽ䱸ûм٣Ų˼ԶԶغ룬֮ӥһзǳҪ飬Ƿ㣬ڸ´ô
СӣĻͦص
ٺһЦ´Ҳ˺ģһ¡ɲǰ꣬ôģ
ӥɫһ䣬޹أ
ôûйϵأЦеûв´Ӧһûĵùĳһ죬һֻѵ꣬껹㣬ոձӣѰµˡ
ӥɫԽԽȴЦѻ˵һҷһˣϲļͺᣬսƴ˵ӣʸˡȻͺͻһǧںˣΪѵǱܣΪ˻ʼɲǰꡭ˵Ķ𣿡
ЩƲ⣬˵ԽԽ࣬ӥɫȴԽԽ䡣Ȼϲ¶ˡ
ðɣҸ˵ʵָָԼıӣңһǧһˣǸ˵еҷϣ

ӥҧռϸӥһ͸ɱ
££˰֣ûȤջһǧҲûǸʵҾ㡭һֱ׷һǧ䣬Ҳ鵽ͷϣҺȤ򣬶һѪԵϵҵԶõܣ
õܣ

ʲô

һޣɽĸ궼ˡ
Ƕ췢ģӥȻ򣬵ʵûκѪԵϵģ
Ȼðϵˡ
ҵݣӥǻһĨЦΪʲôû˵ȻԳ֣˵һ˵Ҽҵеġ
ȻҵףһƲôʣڻҵĻˣЦһСֵܣϸһ룬ǼʲôǵʲôزбҪðݣбҪµһĺңؾ𣿡
ӥû˵üĽ䱸һЩ
Ųţڶ˵ʱСܣ
ڲı˳ƺЦҸǣһЩǼҵĴţ֪飬ܸ˵һ˵ô
ʲô˵ģƥﰡ
ӥɬ죬ϵİ̺۸Եˡ

ŷұĸֲ׹ǵƷأԨ̫ɽĪа㳦ڡһ˸ݣǧŵķ񽣣ȫŷұ֮֡
ԨǾʷϵĵһʽһıΪ֮Ⱥӵı֮
ŷұ֮һǶµһԭ򣬾ռʥءɽأ
ɽ˵ʯ׹ɣڲذأΪʦṩԴԴļƷԭϡ˫Ľ֮ڴر߿ı̺ë̷Ҳڻ¡
ǧݱ䣬ʥΪģŷұҲ𽥷ֳɽңң
ǧΪµһʦͷҺͺҲʦүϣŵޣɱ˶Է
򵥽ŷұɵʷӥɬǴӶʮǰʼһжòһˣһ꣬Ԫɺ۹ݴսүүҵҵļλ岮µ۹ҾǺķʮʮҹɴһǹĲǹһսɣ̴˸Ӧţ
һǹȴŴӦų޵д˵Ĳܽȴҵı̴ɵ۹δ棿
̾˿һս֮󣬳ŸӦչ˵Ļᣬɵļ˰ɱҵĸĸɱ˴صľ׳ӣӦҪֹǣȴҲѾˡ
Ժ󣬴Ҿͱѹһͷʮǰָһ
Ǵ½õĻʦǵĻҪҵĴƫƫǴ쾫ıر֮Դһ𣬹ҰǵĴС㹫ż޸˺ңĻֺ֧ıءʮӵӣҲֻʣһЩУоʮүүյĵӡ
һǰҶǷܹ춯˵Ҫһ´أΪʮٵĺ񡭡ںҵĹ£үү֧һ£㱣סڵĻҵɾ죬ʣȻңڲ˴صբŰ˺ҵľӣ
˭
үү۰СӣҵСʦ壡ӥϸ۾һĨ˵ĺ⣬ҧʮǰүүʴӽˮһִʣȶӻҪҵүүҲһûв˽ȫڸʡȻΪһҵŮˣүү
Ŷ˼ơ
ˣһǹ˼ƣջʳʦ
Ȼأˣ׷ʵ
ûȻˡӥǿţûʴ򿪰֮󣬴صĵǾͱɱˣүүͲ˴ϣҲץȥ׸ҡڣүүҲӦñĥ˰ɣ
ȻǺûеɱүүǿ϶Ҳɱүү
Ȱһ䣬ɱȥܾүүһأ
ɱȥӥҡҡͷܵģҸڶ࣬Ǹղ㿴ĹţҾѾǶˡ
˵ҡүүѾʮѾ㺫û˺ɱȥȲˡ
ȻЦˡ
ӥʱɫڽԼҵŲҰһﾹȻЦûûΣⲻô
ЦͻȻˣЦǰϣʮַ
ӥ̲סվǼұźܺЦôүүڲϺȤô
££ҲЦҵĲҰЦ㣡ЦСһ̫ûгʶˣΪүүѾͲȥˣ㲻֪ôҩʦҩӳٰ
ӥֻҪҵһλҩʦɱȥͿټүүһ桭ȻⲻܸıүүˣǶһүүܶģ磬һӵ룿
ӥɫһ漴εҡͷܵģ֮󣬴½ϵҩʦҲįˣȥң
ɵСӣ
Цһ䣬ָӥϵ˿ڴûзԼ岻ϳ㱻е˺ҧڽˮǱˮգܵ˺ˣأ㾹ȻվҷƢ㾹Ȼȫһ㱻˺ҧĺۼûУ
˵ʲô
ӥʶԼ״ˣһضס㣬Ǵ½ǿҩʦ


228 һˣֵܣ2
ҲǣҿԸ
ЦеóĵӥǰһΣʱһա
ӥȻҩʦţʶ㣬һĵζٿһĵĳɫʶⶫ㲻ҲѵһĶҩԿ԰ﵽԼүү
Цһ󣬽ĵ
Ҫҩ裡
ӥ͸عִ˵۰ɣҪǮҪҪʲôҿԸκδֻۣҪң
ѽɾΪˡ°ͣҪǮһе׸񱱾ľӦ֮һóƱֵܵҵȫƸˣҪұ㿴ˣʦҪֽʣҪҴĵǹꪡģҺʲôȱأ˵
ΪʲôҪĵأ
ǰƾʲôҩ͸Լ
ӥˡ
ǽȴץ֣ĵġ
㣬ĸˣӥԾҿòĴۣ
ɵСӰһЦҲ˵ôø磬һд֣ҰԼݣҪʲô𣿡
㣬ҵݣ
ɵؿһӥЩҡˡ
ʵ˵ӥͻȻðĺԼݣҼٵĶһֻôһأһ˼ðΣվԼ޳鵤ҩݣҲûɶԼôð
ˡԼݣ
ô磿һЦеôҴɱشأүүô
ԸҾȻүүӥĶˡ
վ˶ɮӣк޵ŮչɽͰȥһ˴أڽ߻ϡ
ҪȥԼˣ
ӥĬƬ̣Ȼͷǲ֣ҲԺ仰ڽһ磡
ǡڡһ磬ǺǣСһĽĻص
ƶɮҪܵܣһܲģ
ЦС۾һһ̰ɫ
ӥԶͷһãȻʵС㣬үʲô˼ΪɶһҪӥĴ磿
ҲǸտףа
εؿЦǿԼûа취ջһǧˣĥȻû취ջһǧշӥֻҪӥĴ磬ͿԹغӥ£ҽӥ˵ʣҲעĽƴ֡
ɰ͵С۾ˣҾ֪ү磬ֵһ⣡
ûôİӥΪ˿Ǳʼɲǰ꣬ʮɱ̬ӥǶһֵܡ
Ϊһֵܣðգֵã

ǱһƬĴɽȺɽһɽȺ񾭹ϸĵĹ죬ԲΣֱŰףȵױȺƽ;ףطֺ
ʱ¿ʱڣɽȶ˱һ֦ٸǣЩɫֲһѴɡסɽȵľ󲿷⣬ֻһ㣬һͨɽȵزģһССˮ档
𿪷Ĵء
ϵʱ򣬴ƯһŨŨѪۣΧéݺ¯ҲմѪ
Ǵأ
ѾһֻˣӥҲŪһƤϡѾŰΧˣֻ̬ͨĲ㾯ڣϢؿ

ᵽѪζӥӺˣĿɽɨһȦͻȻҧ֨֨죬ʣ
ֻرϣһʮ׸ߵʮּܣһͷ׷˱ʮּϣ֫һϵסͷ죬ͷֱɽȵһ⣬˵Ƥϻ֧Сľ޷۾
Ƿǳ񶾵Ŀ̣⿴ˣ۾ϵġ
Ҫǣ˵ؿڣ󣬽󣬶иһСӣһɹɵѪٶȷǳһ֮ǾԲʧѪġ
ιҩ
ߣһʮаϣŮ˵һԸرߵļֳǰǿ˵ͣȥһϺɫҺ塣
ʦһ߼ҪŶ˻ڵ٩ˡ
ӷ𣡡ⳡ棬ߺһţҩȥԵסߵιˣҪ˶һ󣬶һʹడ
ɣ
ҲðһɻʲôȱķĵĺˣҲôȱµĳ棡
̵ľүүǸιҩʣӥĺҪȥˣ
𶯣סļ򣬡ȸ˵ʲôʵظʲô֣֪֪˲ڲ֮أСӺҳȥֻүүǰүүʹ࣡
ӥļ⻺طˡ
ҳ嶯ˣԼүүӥϸ۾⣬ֻԪ϶ΣΪǣߵʱ򿴼ҵĳϺڸǺԪ϶ΣܲöԸ
Ԫ϶ΣֻҸһô
С۾תתǺҵأһǳ֮󣬺˻᲻ϹԮ
ᣡӥŵܹԪڣѾҴˣŻڸ׷ңأܸϻֻҪһ㣡˶٣Ҫ˵ҵĸ֣ĵ춯Ԫ¶Σ׼Լʮ٣ԶڳϵɽϹҲҪʱ
Ҳ˵ǰСʱˡͷǺҸֵصأ
˵׼ֻүү춯񽳡
ӥɿؽ
˵ʱѾһθЦʦҩζúôǺǣ֪úȣǺȥ֮Ҫһ󣬶һʹడ
˵ţվߵߣ̯αأѾʮˣҲǾ˵ѪʯɣֻҪ˵Ҿ͸һʹ죡
ޣ
ݺһڣͷ­ţĭûʵϣԼϡ
ѪʯͲغˣⱲҲҵŭ
ӲˣƲƲ죬ȵˣٸҩ
ⳡ棬ŤͷɨӥιѪʯʲôҪҲүүҪǺҪĶŶ
ӥݺ䣬Ȼûȫ˵ԼĺĻܡ
㲻˵ˡһָʣȾүүҲһڣĸɵô


229 ƶɮúô
ӥĻشɾ䡣
ذѾٵˣʹ߰һͣ˫һŵأ޳˽ɽȣ͵ǹֱʵĺġ
ʻڳЦ棬ȻоһɾϮмЦһС͵Ϯүүң
͵컻գ
һȣʻһץסӥͣʱ̺תƵģ˳žһֻ̧֡һֻ֣һĳȻӥӥ
һơ
һ£ӥܺҸֵʱ˵Ԫ϶ΣóҲġǧǰ˵ӦôһУôƷˣ
ҡһƷʵ̫ˣ
ڵɾѧǬĵһоһн͵컻գȻûһУѾз·ˣģõľһ͵컻գ
ʾȻڵѧ
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ɽӥҲܾʵһƣܿƷȵⲻǴص书ѧģ
֪𣿹ѪʯҾ͸㣡ʹһЦͻȻӣ˾һĴ󹭣Ȼһ·ƾһŽӲӵĻ
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ѧһйϵ
뵽ݴ˲أС۾ع۲ʵ书·
һ棬ۿһŻԼϮӥϸ۾һ˿ᣬͻȻͣһɲǰ꣬飡
࣬࡭ӥ̽˶ӣϵҲעӥڣ˰ٲ֮ҲĹͬˮ©ˮ
ţѧ¹Ҳ±£Ըоӥ֮Լһ֣Ҳʼ
У
ܸӥӲƴȥȻԼɾҪ겻
ʵתȦͻȻ󺰵㳤ϣԮӥˣ
ˣһĸݺӴӴé˳ӥһЦСӻһ
㳤ϣ˵ЩˣӥԸ
˵ţʿ첽ܵ˺㳤ϵı󣬶ĺ£ٸʿҲɽ˽ǹңңذӥΧ
ʣСûð
վ֮󣬺㲢ûмץӥʵĺ׽ѵһССӥͱƵ󺰾Сӻʲô£ߣҿⱲӾһһԵĹ
ô񶾵Ľʵǳ˳飬ϣûãֻӥ̫ˣꡭ
˵Щƨûþûãߣӣ¶ֻϸĸ첲ţʮ֮ӥ֪֪ʲôԪ֮
˵ӥȥں漱Ĵ󺰣ϣ˵꣬ӥꡭ
ƨ꣬һʮСӣͰƵô
Ȼʵĺѣ㼸󲽾ӥǰϳһ־ʹ˳
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ǡ
ȻԼ꿪ʼ˥㼤һ¡ѹʽԼСأСӵ꣬ȻֱӹԼ꣡
ȥԼȻƾϵĵȼɵӥҲᱻ㣬òʧ
룬۾һĨթȻ˺˼󲽣ЦӥҲˡǣѾǼ峤ˣٸͣЩˣһϣ˭ӥױӳ
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Ťͷһֻ̬Цضɽڣߣͷһߵɱźҵĵӡ
֣ңЦӥĴ磬ȺŹҵܵܣҿȥֻóæ

ץӥȴͻȻðһֻˣúɫ
ǶԶ˭϶ռˣ
Ǹôأ
㶢һ󣬷ֻǺԪжΣ͵͵˿Ըʣסӥˣ
ϣӥֵܹ꣬ۿˣңʵڲӥĶְ
ҲһҧˣϣԸӥҶԸԪжεˣȻҸҵĴǬѾ˵㣬ƾʽ϶Խɱ
Υҵ˼۵˵ӥӥӥΨʣ
ϡ
أսУ˾Ȼೳ
ιСܣײӥļ򣬡еѽǲֶԸֵܣôԼˣ
һֱԶţȻ׺ض˵˼ӥ͵Ǳҵˣ˭Ҳһб˺Ķ֣
ŶͷһİԹ
ʣȥԸӥҵ
ָʵıӴʿסѹֻҪӲͷƤӥ˹ָ
ӥԸһɱ˹
ȥж˺ӥˣɫҲЦСӣĹ򲻴ôˣǱɽׯĹô
֣ȱҵĹ㣬ôˣϵİԹˡ
ôĶ֣ЦˣҶǺԪڣԸ㲻Ǹʣô
Ҳ˵ԹشУ֣˵ǣ㺦ӥ˺ͰƸʣ⣬⡭ɥⲻԿңҵ𣿡
㵱Σ
ѾһˣҲ޹˼ɵ˵ʵСӣ˭û˺أûҾǺ˺ҾҪӣ
˵ţؿڡ
ȫӽ棬Թ죬Ҫˣ֣֣Ϊû˺Ͱǵӡ
Ȼͷź΢΢һЦǣǺô
ɲǼ䣬ΣϵĹ˫ҲǰʮüȻһۣ֮֮¡أ
л꣬˫𣡡
лϣȱϺȻһ˿Цһ죬³һڶ̣֣ƶɮǳһ䣬ѡˣΪӥֻ𣬶ƶɮꡭȴֱɱ꣡


230 
˫ı仯֮һ˺ԣֱ˺꣡
ǰһľͷһһֱ˴ڵĶ̣оβһ㣬ŶȻҽһ
ҲӦǰΥʶ󣬺㲻òƬ̡
һֵ̬ģ׼ٱ׼ʦͻȻ˺Уҩʦ꣬ȫϳһ˻ӵ
ڶӵģҡһ䣬Ȼó˱ӥҪ꣬⣬⡭ߵģ˷ѡ
ˣ
ɢһͷ˵ϣƴɽھ˳ȥ
֣ɤӴ󺰣ܣܣ˵
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ĺҲԽԽˣҡһ£֣һҪ˵갡Ȼд鷳ģڿʼĬ壬ģ
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һȺ͸ˣ꣬̾˵ѽôͲ˵أֶʮɢж֮ǧܣȻܳȥһҪٻ꣬ܳȥʮҪİ
Ϊʲô˵
ĵ˵仰Ǻ˵ģ͸
С۾һɣ⺫˻ˣ
˵ţĹĵ磬ź󺰣֣ס±кжѵһҪ꣬һһ
ɱˣͷأ
Լʬϣ׷ɱ硭

ɻѪնȥ
ӥбʣҲ޼ɵص٩˺꣬ǾںҲҪʱ򣬶ߺȻһȡ
ãæصʵݺһԼĹͷɣ֪ʻǬƶɮ뵽һеġСܣߣǧ
Ϊʲô
ԣӥѾȫѹ·磬ͷͻȻԼ˫ϸ˿ڣ
һþȫϵ˿Ҳĸˣֻʷ·һֻ̻һ·ɣһ·Ѫ
һнзɻգǬ򣡡ʵıӰ͵ҪǸ׷ȥѪͻ̻챬ףɱ㣬ҲҪ㶪һƤ
Һˣұ֤ӵõ°뱲Ҳù
˵ţ˦ʵϣˣҪʵҲ˫ȲзϣҲûлˡ
˵ɻտǴǬʽ֮һ޺ûȫգʣôóһأ
ҵԮܿͻүүϽߣ
ߣ
ӥɿؽ棬رߣʵүүñҷô
ҵܡôôܱ֪ҵؿ˼˿
ãǾͶã
ӥүү˴أһ㶣죬Ҳ˽ȥ
һӣͬһꡣ
ζùϲĻȣƺҽ֮Уε²㣬ˮֱһĿẮļ尾У֪˶ò۾һһƽȵĵϡ
һӴĵ¹Բٲͷһ˫ɫ⣬ͨĳˮһĽмɫģɫģɫģ廨ʲôӶСֻһСС¯һʦĹߡ
·ϣӥ¯¯ŷұӴȡõĻ֮
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֮Ƴ۴¯ȻЦЦָڵСܣȥѷ磬үӣ
ӥһ£磬ΪʲôҪҡ
ȥͳȥ֪βҪĻ𣿡
ɷ˵ذӥ˳ȥзС۾Ц
ȻҪĻҲûҪӥվһԲڲô
ӥʵΪԲѡ
Ҫ֪ðӥø磬ѻƭùӥǾƭ˾ʮָ꣬Ƶ棬ԣΪӥΪԼġֵܡһЩССĲá
үӣü˵𣿡
ӥߺһյ棬һʵ
üлˣҪæӥӥûб¾ҡ
ϣү˵ģ⻰ͼˣӥүүҲܼȰ
Цֵ壬˭ӥҵܵأ
ܵܣȻסˣʧЦСӣЦˣмһ壬ӥûֵܵģ
үˣҲ˵ֵܣЦܣҺӥѪΪˣѾݽˣӥһ磬ҽһСܡ
Ŷԭˡ
˵ͷһ磬ӥĸ
˵䣬ĵ£ľͷָһЩԼкӥɣѾκˣ
ӥ첽˽үүѾô
ǰ磬ȻϹͷͼˣһָ죬л
磿
硯ӥʶˣүүѾԼֵܹϵ
ѵ˵ԼڵʱѾףҵõүүȷˣ
Ӧģ
үүȻˣɻûкͿŪԼݵģ
뵽ӥһȭ磬үүллˣ
ǺǣοһЦֵףֵ֮պҪһͬҰ
仰˼ǣһӥһңһܣӦ˵𣿿⻰ӥоͱһ˼ŶүүǴҵһҪίҰ
ǧȷˣ
үүģԺһĻңӥ֣ص
⻰͵͵ظ
ˣԼү֮һᣬöӥֵܡȻӥһģǻпܴԵģǣƶɮǳԸɷôڿʼƶɮʼտү֮䣬ٴ֤ǲ⣡
ʮһޣҲ޶֤ˡ
үүӥҲĵֻʮյЧɬҩȻѾʣʮˡ
ʮ첻ˣ浹ûжźֻ̾˿ܶ࿴ʮ죬ѾǼˣֻǿϧϧʼûѪʯһӵ밡
үӣʲôܸ˵˵𣿡
׷ʵھһ˼شֻҪմߣûͷûԵһ·ȥ
ʦһӵ룬ȻǴһµһˣЦ
Ŷү˵˵ʲôıµһأȪ̫ķꪣ׷һǿ²ҵʷ
ߣ
ͻȻԸһȪ̫ȻѾʱˣȻֻΪǿУ˵µһ̲ؾԣѾѡľ磬Ϊһġ


231 Ŀ
ö˵ʲô𣿡
˵֮ԼĻ˵̫ˣԳЦЦϸؽ͵˵Ļ˼ǡ
үӣ˵ףȫף
ˣľ磬Ϊһ壬ֱָɫô
˵Ļ˵˾һѾӵжǵıѾһֶ壬һĹߣ
˵ʲô
ٺ٣ү˵ȻеΪѣүӣҽĻɱȽϴҪ׼
ǣһ˾ʮ꣬ʲôĹûмһ仰𣿡ʧЦ˵
ǸСܣүӣȥ
Сһ䣬ȻСүӣ˵ֻһ
ˢأ
ûѪɫЩȥ
׷һӵ룬һӶ봴ĶŻȻʹˣ͵һѧ˻˼ʮʱоһɹȴ˸ɹѾͶʹˣ⼸ʮŬ׷ˣ
㣬һΡΡ֣ҿ
үӣҲܸȡܸ˵һ˵ӣһ⣬ұɫʯĺǣµںһ𣬵һֻӡ
ɫһ飬һ̯үӣ˵Ļ𣿡
ĴڣȻѴڡ
Цַޡ
ȻﲻζɫʵƲɫعͷһ룬ôһ˼ңոȬֻʣʮյԼȴֻ̼
⻰˵̫ˣ
үӣʵڶԲסˣǸҲ˵ղЩ



ͻȻһ֮ץ˫֣۾Ӧ˵˵úã˵˵ϹͷĲʮĸо
үӣ𣿡ܲ˴̼ˡ
Һõúܣ
üɫ裬ЦҪΪҷˣµһʦǸܲôͷӡҪǲ᲻ɫⱲӾֻͣڻľ磬Ҳ᲻ʣ˲ɫȴ˸Ĺ룬ʲôµһʦҿԴȻǿıİٱ֮
ЦһѧˣͻȻ뵽һԸıĹ룡
ӥѾˡ
Сӣ
緢һȲ¯ϣһЦ㣬ɫȻһù˱һ
һ£˵˵ᴫڸһ˱һĹܾòסɫϾֻһֻӣ˱һҲһֺֻս
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㣬֪Ϊʲôû˱һ𣿡
Ҹ㣡Դ𣬡ΪʼǡǸõһֹߣһͲٲϵı仯ˣأǻģԱˣǹõʽˣıˣֻҪһЩ仯ԭʺıͻòʺˣ
ԡһã
ԣΪ˱һͱñ仯˱仯
Цֻܹ˲ϱ仯Զ˵ıΪһ壬Ϊǰٱ֮
ؿſЦ棬ͷͷ
ү˵̫ˣȻ˴ţҪʲôֻ˵һ䡭Ժɣ
үӣ˵̫ˡڨڨһЦ
һҲЦҰİٱ֮һˡСӣĲɫ˶ôǺã̰ȡٸ׼һѪʯһűʮ죬òɫһİٱ֮
˵ţ̧һһӥͳͳ߳˴ã
۵
үӻբţԼڴ棬ŴʲôϿȥ׼ϣ¯𣬿ʼǰڵĻͼģˣ

ص棬ĺԮӥ񱼳ȥʮɽ·밢ԼĻϵصͣ¡
̵ģȻľǺʣɫоˣһᱻΪİٱ֮
ӥɫȴЩѿϢ֮һЦ磬үүһ죬Ƿһʲôܲˡ
µһʦķ
ٺһЦкЪˣߣǾչϡʲôţŶѪʯ
磬˵̫ˣүүˣǱ侲һЩ
ӥüһĨ֪үүҪʲôѪʯϳƱ˫Դŷұɵǵɽ֮ԭϣһǧˣŷұɵļʮӶûù
ѪʯҹƴصʱҰһǳصĵطʱԸǱ
˶٣ɽҵɽ֮ں춯Ƥӵ£ҪõͱɱɽׯҪԪ¶εĺ춯ļɽӣ
ں춯
һ侲ˣûбٱ֮ջͷԣϸһˣ
ֻһԪжΣеĵƲͬжεİޣ¶εӥһܶսȼԼ൱ꡭĸԪڣƾʵܴӮԪ¶εĺ춯𣿶Һ춯мɽӣ
ӥҲڼ⣬۶ָڣԪڿ޾ôֻҪǺҵĸ֡ȥҴϵĺ£ɱĺ㣬һԪڣһԪ¶Σ磬ƾҵʵҪԸһֻɵʤ㣡ǻ뿼ǵҴ٣϶һЩԸң
˵ʱ͸¶һ䲻ܡ
Ҫƴô
һʱԾϡ
ĬУߺȻһޣүڣҵ
ǰ
⹷ʺ˵Ҳյʱ
ʶЦЦŤͷһЦݱ
Ǵ«έģԴ϶һﻹһܣȻðһӽˮιģޣɽɽϵĲɫˣ
ү˵£޵֮ɽɽүͱҵץˣСǣ˺ҵԪڡСȻɵһɣԼҲ첻ˣ
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ңҰѰС«έˣ
գ̾ˣ
̺źųգȻЦˣЦеسӥ֣ðɣڵʵԱǣԪڣһԪ춯
ʤ㻹ǲߣ
ǵģʤ㲻ߣӯصͷЩ飬øʼġ磬ҾȻҶƶɮŮ˺ֶӡ


232 󽭶ȥ
⵽ԶЦϣȻһ˿ĺӥͷҪƴֵܷ㣡
ѽƴʲôƴҪһԾֵش󺰣үӥүܰɣѾɳѲˣööˣˮͼǶǸˣ
ƺӡ֤ĵǣϺȻ˵ĺŽ
İţ׷һͷŮˣһӣṩģͽһʬģͽʮܻܽ׽ģҺҵϹүӱл
һҴ˳źƺƵĽˮʻɸߣʮɳĴŵβȻһƶŴǰˮµǣ󽢵ļװ໹԰ʮźĴڣڿڵĳߴ֪ĴһܴݻؽһƬݡ
ңҴ󽢺棬ˮӣʮһģһĴ󽢺ƺƵβյѹýˮһĳš
ڳ޽ӥ΢΢üͷСģǺҺ͹ִڳս˺ҵҵĻ˵Ǿֲĺս֮һ㿴ǼװϵڣʮŻ䣬ǺԪҲҪķǣ
ҾȻӵôǿĺȵصɴ۾һսҲҪɣ
ǧ˰һңҪϺ׷ӵײǺͺⷫǧ
ӥЦһȻˣԺҵĲҲֻܽڳսʮҵӴ󽢶ӣǺҸ˴ģ˵Ҫµ׽ǿֵܣȻǰóˣ
ɣ
࣬С۾ֻʣڳսӰӣҲֻһͷֵǧսƶɮȫһҲֻսɣ
Ūһս
磿ӥͻȻ֣ЦС۾ˣеӵơ
ӥү֣үϰš
ڨڨһЦߴүѰɣʮսɶ׷ɱǵģ
ٺ١˼ĨĨͷЦѾˡҸҶƶɮŮ˺ֶӣǱ뱨ģȸ˵һ˵Ϊʲôǳ֣
ؿӥСӥүǵɽһ𣿡
ӥȻǵãرҹƣƴ˳ӵߵʱһֻܵĽ档
ӥҲȵɽһɽһƵڵءһӣɽı¨ײˣɫʯ˳
ɫʯ̺ɫ⣬һǺñ¸Ǵ½õʦ֮һһɫʯӣﾪһʯͷبԭϣıܹھݣʦҲٴ
ΪʦĲǴһŷұǧҲ˾
ʱ׷ӥǿѹԼ̰ӥ֮Ҳ޷ȥˣصɽȫǣܿҵĿԵĴɽ
СͺҵĴ󣬰СɵԪڣǸţǡԼҲˣɽСүҲץˣ
˵ţ·¶˸ڱϵɫʯãڻսаѲɫˣɽСүҵ˵ҪɽСүɫʯȥүɵøϿ취ȻɽСүᱻĥģ
ӷ𣡡
˵ţղŰ˹һΣкƶɮѾκ˰޵ˣϻط
ҡҡͷʾԼȥ
ֻ޵ֱۺͺмѪգѾ׵ļϣеСߴ͸ùǣ޴ԲһŰ޵˫磬ϰ޷
ǡŵĻޣһ»еСߡ
𶯣޶ʱüͷһ壬еߵĹ氵˾̣Ѿҵļ⣬ǽڣѪܣȫ̴һһʹ˵ģ
˳¶ĻеСߵĹؽһȻ˺ܶĵС̣ȫڴƤ֮ŷ밢޵Ѫһ
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üͷ̺Ѫںһλ֣˭а취Ƿֿȡߣ
ĸһͬĬ
ʹɫɷףЦΪˣ˵ֽǹǿеǿأ˹ҵȼˣīҵļûܰǽģ
Ǿһֱ𣿡Ů˫类Ҫʧһսģ
ˣֻʧһЩսѣģ
⵽¶˶Լģ޸æŤͷȥȱ˵Щˣ취ɽĺ㵢ԽãɽԽΣգ
ɽô
ǹһ˿Ц˿Զڳ޽ֿ˿޵ļȻðһʮֶ񶾵⡣
ԴˣĺݣϸһԼİ취취ڶˣԼȻãҲ뿼һӥĸܡһСܣԼ񶾵һ棬
磬С˼ƺкܶꣿ
ԥ䣬һԵӥȻüëһ
಻٣ĸٺһЦ
λ˰СĺУҲ֮һӥָգҩʦ𣿡
Цյ𣿡
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ӥȻһƬ֮ϸ۾һ˿ԵᣬȻڴˣ磬иӣһٶ֧ڳӣҡ˵˼仰磬ⷨȻݶɷɴ²СڣͿҲˣ
Цˣ
̫Ȥˣӥİ취ȻıϣӢͬǳζͶ
أӥСӺԼһֵܣ
Сܣ취Ҳ̫ˣҶȥˡŵס۾մʦһϲǾôʦһˣȥɽң͵͵ٸǷһѻ𡭡ˮڣ㿴

ҹһĻ꾭ʱޣŷȥ㹻Ļʱ䣬գԼȥɽׯ
С㣬ͰԺƬ̣
뿪ͬʱӥкգڽߵ«έＱٴУܿ˽ˮΡ
ڳӻؽѰţ۵ƻͨսӥʵմʦ֪սڴ֮ϣں֮ϵ𣿡
ƶɮսЦЦ
ʦǫˣӥңָ󽭣ڹҵĴ׻ڳսݺҲխĽˮ۳ңߵĲزͬںʱˮѷʳȱǱװ㹻ʳڽѲߡǺǣͽȡˮãԱճ֣ĵҩ
ͽȡˮ
صǿĸ֣ӥЦ󽭶ȥڳӵˮԴΣմʦһҹ֮䶾ɱҾǽˮԴ֮¶ȡǧڳˮҲһֵɣ


233 ʿ
յؿһӥɬӣνȻɱǧˮʩúݶ˼
ʮƶɮҲݱ飬ۣʮľޣƶɮѾ󳹴ˣк֮£ҷӸӦȱΪһɱ֮£ƶɮѾˣ
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˵꣬ӥضյ۾
һɲǼ䣬¶һ£ӥͬӥޣҰԣᣬ̺ѹ
һ꣬ʮʱ˺̬ܵ˼ά˶ʮꡭ
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̾˿ߵ˽ߡ
ӽˮȡһЩʯִӰץһЩ򼣬ںһسΪһֵɫķĩ
ȥ
ֻĩ˴֮У˳ŽˮЩȡˮڳˮʿ
תսһɫСݽӥƶɮµĶϾݰеĹƶж볣죬ʩһ⡮ĲݡڵĶͻǲò㣡
ʦֶΣ
ӥӹĲݣͷ档
˵˰ʱֻڳսêͣƹ˸УʿǶڼװϳöˮ͡
˭ǽӵ죿
ӥ˼װϣȵ𺽣󺣣ڰһлڡ׼ɽׯ

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һʵĴɽɽͷǻɽһڳһ󶴣ڲϵˮð¯ͨΧŶڣµĽ˴ɽһ·ɽһ·ֱͨɽڴɽš
ٹǺ춯ʮˣﲻıͶѾɽſҲվӻӭ͵ĵӡ
Զ￴һ֣ŵıﶼһźɫϲûд͵֣һЩܽɽׯ
Ҳǣ춯㷺ϲıͲҪÿ˶һרҵҪæġ
ţֻҪŪһܽȥ
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ܿ죬ͿС·һ·ݣͷңһݶҷסˡ·ҡҡλΣʮ׶ŵһɴ̱ǵľ
Ҫǣϵһϱ߻һõĹŽһֻƺ«һɫ
֣
Ц˱󣬿˿ˣͻȻһ˵ļ֮һȭ˳
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һȭոմһſ˵ϣȻʣָźҸʵɽЦ
һմ󽭻ƣƴ£εСþƣ
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˵ᣬ͸һɿƺ쳾ѡ
ˣ
ʲô⣬ԼҪˣͻȻƵغ˼䣬ڴ·˯ˣ

ԳЦЦԼӱСˣȻһŵԴĿһţ޷Ӧ
ɣһ·ߵĴʯ飬ĺ׾ǡˣˣˡ£ûһѲˣ
˼ͻȻſ¶Լһȭӣе㲻ģ߻š
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׷ˣԼשźûзӦ˿϶һѰˡ
϶һƱҽҩѣתˡ
·˯Ļ찵ء
żӺһӺɫĿϷɿر۶ͷʿǳŹ֣ȫںۺͺ֮У˫ִųصĺɫףɨһ·ߵʿɳƵĹЦ
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ԺҲʿͬⲻͬ⣬ʿսȡһֻװҾƵˮңȸԼľƺ«װȻعһڡ
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·ʱÿһбǹбָʾء
ҲԣǷծŹ򣬱٣ҲҵıӦˡ
Щб·ϼ˯૵ұһˣЦңңңҺθɣ϶ƺǼ
һ棬ѾԼһϺУƾɽׯ
һһɽӭͱǰĳһ¡
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үӣڴſ趦ǹŴɱֶΣҵʲôˣǿտڰ׻˵ͣǲҪļ
˾ŰٸΧͥԺŭʲڶȥҵļҶסǣһرʾҵ»ҪǸӣ֤
ЦеضȺп֣ѾŲµҪʲôˡ
Ȼҹʱֵʱ򣬴ǰӺһһ׳˶˳ǰһվ˻֡
Űײĵ̧ܱ˳ǰɱԪڣԼɱĺ㡣ܣ˲ѵĺº͹š
λ⼸Һ춯ʮٵӣұøһӣֵдңҾһȱƣ졭
˲Һ춯ӣȻҹٵǺҼѪˣ
˵ţÿϵİײָʬλҺ춯ѣҲʶˡҶܺ㣬ֶ֣ΨһĶӣԶ𣬡ûҵʮ٣ɱҵܵܣֶӣΨһĶӣҺҶӾ˵Ҹô죡


234 սԪ
һӾͰˣڿſڵ͹ǺȻúҲôɶ
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˺춯ǰԼֻڰ֮ǰһ룬ԼңǲΪŰǲǻᱻָżǣһǷǲأ
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ԪҲҸҶ֣
һۿʵ춯һЦӴ֮˹ָץʺ
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Ҳһûлк춯Զһôϣû
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235 
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ձһеĹȣ춯ӦʥˣҪµǰʮڳսڿûпˣ𣿡
ˡˡ춯
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ӥɫЩˣƽѪֳ壬ǵʹߣͳΪջģڳսѾˣ
룬磬ݻױˣǾһֱװȥǿݣġ


236 ˵һ
ߣ˵ʲôأ
һ仰Ͳẫ춯ضˣȻ֪ڳսǶʥ˵ĶǾ͸һɣ
ǰս㣿
ӥЦһܿϧ˵ƽѪĹأҲۼƽѪĹء
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Ҳֻ֣ӴƽѪеҹңȵҹңǻƽѪȴʮңеĶ磬ɽ꣬ǻƽѪ䡪У˽ƽĿֲ˽⣬һƽѪ˵Ľʱζ衣
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㿴ʵֻһ߸ʬ£µģصһɻ飬ͨ˫ۣ㣬㣬ΣºӵڻϺеĴ磬֣һлл͵أһ֣ƽѪ忴ˣԶûзˣ
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ۣĲɵҷһƣһⲻǱƶɮٵǸ
߽ͥԺ֮ûпֳ棬ֱȥǰһô·ŹǷȻˤߣ񲻻·һǰһˮأ³ˮ˳ϴ˰Ȼ򱱡ǰһ°ǽʱǲ֪·׾ǽߡ
ߵ֮䡣
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͵صͷһ·򱱵һԣǷʲôˣʲôǷ㰡

֣أΪ㻯ױҾϲˣߡأ
С۾һз죬һץסĲӣӿڴ
Сӣ´ν趫ҪģȻѣҲ㷭Ŷ
˵ţ˸Ƿһɣ˯ѵ̬˵ˣҪ˯ʲôϣʲô
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˸¾ƺ«˼ڣȻеʫȷ߾پƺ«Цþưڳ߹ͬơǻʹƣҲʮŮ졭ңʿǰ˺󣬹үѥ
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Цѵѥӡ



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ؿЦЦתˡ

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ˣӥǰȥһ죬ѩ̽ԼĶ
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һУڳһ뿪жԶԶȻҵطê
˼ǣҶ㵽ȥۺЩƽѪ廹սҲںĴҵһֻССĽӰɣ
˺ҵĵ±أصʱѾİ˾ŵˡ
ͥԺк˯ʵ̲סģļ򣺡֣װ˯ˣ˵£·ɣ

ףȻװ˯ǻʵ˯һҹ
ΪԵΪϯκȻĺˬֱ࣬˵ĴҲ˳ûͱӣ
֣һȥһ󺰵˭ллû㣬ֵܶҪɵˣ

ˣسһ֣ΣĪɡˣȻˣ֮˵һŬһ·򱱣ʲôʱ򵽳ƺǣɾͲһ˰
˵ţȥ
ӣǰһôһתƹȥ˶ʮ׸ߵȻ桮һˤ
ʲô֪·һתҾҲ򰡣


237 ȭ
뿪ɽׯ֮ڱһѻյɽׯǰ棬ŶܴС۾һգһգ
еҡ
ղŵľһԪ¶εĺ춯ɾ׼ѰұѩʱˡƽѪĸʬطڲػƽǿߵĻ飬һ֣ӥһܣҲֻжֵжѡ
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ǣʱ˵ʲô˵һ
һֵܣС˵٣Ĵ磡
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ƺ
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Լһ磡
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ˣ㻹𣿡޾
Ц棬Ȼ׷ɶϵĴǹŴ
ʮˣһˣһܺ鲻ǹԸҳصˣ
˵ţƶΣɿ뿪˶Ѩ
̧ǹĲмȴ
ӽҲбӪͳ죬޾
Ѩظ˳
֮м˵£޾һɫףһ˫ף߳˶Ѩ
ܣˣ޾ͷҲص˵ʮ֮꣬ҵҪң
꣡
սĽ޾ıӰҲҪ֮꣬꣬һ߳ⶴѨҵľҲȭͷ
ô޾ǹһ˿ܰ΢Ц
ڷգֻʣһƬİĹߡ
ͻȻץ𳤽޾ʮĴӻ˳ȥݺݵ磬һ㣬·Զֻܶı󣬿ǡһа·Բˣ磬ԶΪԣֻֻҪ׷㣬ǧָҲһ޻ءҵĵһ޻أ
޵ĽâѨ
޻أ
˶ڣ

ɣ
ӹξͷ
ˣҲξ˼
׼ȷ˵һγļ䣺ܾǰһ޾һͬһѨУһͬһͬԺȣǶһ֣ǡֵܣ
޾뿪ѨΪҲбӪĴͳ죬ȻѾĨ˶Ѩеļ䣬ǣˣʸؿһСС֡
ԵԣҲǾҵ֡
ֻҪֻڣһ죬޾Լһֵܰɣ
޾뿪֮Ϊ׷ԼĲƺһаŹһܻͷ޻֮·
뵽˺Լ·ͷһ
һŹֵز棬۵ĵطһССĹ׭֡
ǣԭԡЦһһһ硭޾


238 ǧ1
֮أ
޾뿪Ѩ֮󣬾ڶѨʲôǲ֮ɾѧ뿪Ǹɽ
˵ļ䵽ΪֹˣΨһ¿Կ϶ļ֮ԲȱȫųɾǸйأпܾǱҸϴģ
磡˼ţӥ˱󣬡ڳѾں׼ˣҵıҲȫϣװ˶ʮս㹻һ͵ľˣ
š޾Ĳɵػһ
£ӥ
ûʲôֻҵĴѡ
ǻһλֳӥȻŶˣ˵ڳƺǣǰȥϡ
ƺʲôطʵ
ǾĴУӥԥƬ̣ƺѾƽѪˣûбҪ绹ǲҪȥǸط
ͷ˵ηŹԼӥǽˣûıɵϲŻȥƽѪ
ˣһ뵽ƽѪ壬ȻѣСܣһֱϺеĴ磬ûϳѾΪˣȥ֮úͽһںܱܷͷ
ӥ촽û˵֮ŵ˵ͷ
һ죬һĴȥ
ߵǱŵʱȻīͶס˳ţвٵŮźС
ȺΧ£Ԫĳӻʻ˼ǡ
ŮԪҪ𣿡סһСŮʵ
أԪˣһݶûоˣСŮίǸӥҪһϺлٵ˺ҵٵԪһٵϱݵġһϺУˡѽӥ
ٺһЦӥȾܡ
Ԫ춯ٱݵģɽ֮һ棬춯Ҳ˲зϣӥһ߽˴󺣣ԪȻҲҪ뿪ˡ
Ҫȥ
ûȤȥֻϣߵԽԶԽãɧŰޡ
Ұһ˦ԹŮǣش˿ڴ˵׷¡Ȼһ۵̧ͷһһӻɫ׵ʿԶĴ·ɱͷһŮ󽻲޳
ʶŮŮҲ·żһϺУ˶һۣȻ͸߸·
ԪС㣬񾩳һ겻ҺλɩɩСأ
ԽŮסԪĳӣֵСݣôҴкҲ𣡣
ؽ˵ﻰԪʵҪ鲻á
Ԫ߳ᣬ˵˼׻ƺǧ䣬Ҳҷôûдȥ𣿡
ؽЦЦ˶ǣֵõȥ˵ˣӦȬڱƶڻرµıشҲ߲
ӦȬˣ
Ԫͷѹƹ¶ʼأؽΪأԪҾֻ뽫ת̫һ䡭ԪӦҵ飬һаã
ؽˬһЦҪ仰ȻһаãҲͲСˣǣ
ߣ
Ԫʩ죬ֹȵȣɫе㳱죬ʽһ䣬Ҳȥƺ𣿡
ĸؽװͿԪɫӺˣЦˣЦˣյӥѶ˵ڸˣߵķ򣬿϶Ҳȥƺǵģ
˵ţǿЦ֪ë˵ȥƺˣҪ߶áǺǣɶ˵׼ģ
ԪҲЦˣѽһˣһתҲģ
˹ֵ
ʱӥѾ߳ȥԶˣӥȻŤͷؿһԪĳӡ
ԪôӣȻغУ
˵˭͵һ飬ղŹȥŮǡ
ûµ۹ıش󽫣ɵףغָǺɫ飬ҵıһǿ۴½ҲֻиӦѪ֮ˣ
ͷӿ˽Ų
֮ǰ˵ҵפڸҲһֱڿţ룬·߼غһ棡
ҡϸ˵غﻹһ˵ʹ㿪ҡңߣжǿ󣬶฻ֻҪ˵ңעƶɮĵˣ

밢޵˻ϣҹɫǱ˴á
𣿡
ص¯ԣһȲس˹Ѫʯѩ𣿡
үүˣӥſ죬³˱ѩȻһ¯Եذף治ɫظԼĴȡ
Сܣʲô
֪ӳصʱѪʯӥԼʵĴȡһĴָǴСѪɫʯͷ˻ΣЦ̫˽ˣֻаѪʯҵǲ벻Ҳ
˵ʱӥѪע¶Цƺϵʹ
ҲûȥӵƣһץѪʯЦããѪʯͱѩټϻɫʣµ϶ܴһٱ֮
˵ţָŴصբţ²ɫ˶ȥͷӵˣ
ЦЦɫڵϣ˵˴档
۵բŹرյһ˲䣬⵽Ѿ׼ʮģߣǹꪣᣬ桭ÿһĥ߶ǸݵĲɫ죬õɫ֮һ鳤ǹģϣô
вʮ죬ʮ֮󣬲ɫʲôأ
ڴԱߣһεĵ¶Ѩסʼļ죬ӥĻ⣬ӵʮ쿪ʼһس
ޱŵסùǣԽԽˣȻܱ֤Ʋٶ񻯣ùطתҪŦʮ޵˫͵ԽԽߣƤѾá
֮£ֻÿ޹ʹ࣬ɶڲп˵ɹȥҲֻǱˮнѡ
ɣ
˵ڶʮʱ򣬰ʹĻȥһ춼ûѹĵشһ䣬ŭʵǣǶûа취㣬գǴ½һҩʦ
̾˿
֣̾취ڲԣҩԻûã֪һַԸƤѻȡܲһ£
Ƥһ漴ҡͷƶɮֻҩʦҩɱ飬ƶɮ˿ɼǸƤֻǴ˵ԹҲֻǹιƶĻҽ
죬һ취û𣿡
ҪưޣֻҵʦȡϵĻߡ
䣡
˵ţطͻȻһҵĺ
࣬죬ף̣ϣڡʮâ𣬶ûһɫظǴӴ¯洫ġ
ھҵıըг˳ӭϸŭ쵰׳գΪʲôûиңɫֻһ꣬һ꣬һñӵ꣡


239 ǧ2
ɫȻһñӵ꣬ʲôϵ
æʵүӣʧ𣿡
˵ϻҾһ䣡ŭĿԲ״һһٵ˵Ϊʲôûиңɫһñӵ꣡
үӣû꣬йϵ𣿡⡣
ôûйϵҪİٱ֮һ֣֡͸֪йذ
һһѪ֮Ŀѧ޽ʹ̱ڵϣ˺Լͷ
ûϵ̻йأû񽫵桪ȻҲеܵ˼ϾУʾ˵ģ
үӣż棬˵̾ʲô⣿
ҲҴˡ
ʹҪѲɫɰٱ֮ĵһ򣬾ںϸֱģߡģߣɫܰģǧ򻯣
Ҫںϳ򣬱뾭裺
һɫ޷¯ĸ£ұȰȡʱڱѩ֮СҲΪʲôҪȥұѩԭ
ڶ˲ɫ֮ұѲɫͼʮģһͶ¯ȫںһɰٱ֮
ѪʯѲɫ꣬Լ塭ɫͿԼ壬Ϊеİٱ֮
˵꣬ͷ̺ܺ
Ǻɹؼڶ
ɬڵڶУԭѾȡ˲ɫ꣬Ͷ¯ˣǾʱҲŷ֣ɫﾹȻһꡭǣһ͵񽫣
үӣһ㣬Ͷ¯ˣ
ǰûиң֪ɫﻹһ갡Īֱɫ͸ģںˣҲſһñӵ¯лֳǣһжˡ¯ŷұʦģĻ治ɱˣɱޣɱɱꡭʱ񽫣˳Ѿڻˣ
㣬񽫸ˣ
ͣүӡ㡭㡭֪˭𣿡
ɣ
ɣ
ɣ
񽫿ǹү󵨵棬㾹Ȼѹүӽ¯ˣ
ˣˣӿˡ̱ڵϣ૵ضûˣүƸ磬С磬үӡҲȫûˡ
磬𼱣
ӥֵĺ侲Ȼ˵ʲôŤͷʵүүҿ¯ըˣмʮâΪʲô
ڱը֮ǰѾѲɫģߣѾͶ¯֮С룬ͻȻϲѵ˵񽫵겢ûӰ죬̻ˣ
ûһ㶼ûЦⱬը͹âɵı־ٱ֮϶Ѿˣ
ղһ񽫵¯棬ΪʧˣҴҵܳѵɲ룬ûʦ̻ˣ
ٱ֮Ѿϣ
Сǣˣ緢ش𣬡һ¯Ҫһִһٱ֮
ȥƨ
¯еˣˣеΪһٱ֮ٵ˹ض磬˰氡찡ضڣҾҵүҵƸ磬ҵС磬ҵүӡҾܴչ廢꣬񼶵갡ڶûˣûˣҴ廢󽫵밡
磬ڰӥû˵ʲôȰλñӵѾڻˣҪȥˣȾȲɫɫɻŰ
ԣݺݵѾˣɾܿѪ޹飡үӣɫô
껹ڱѩ֮УӦûд󰭣Ѿ첽¯ȥߣֻҪɫλٱ֮㳹ˣ
˼Ҵҵس˴á
ղһըˮµĴѾˣĴ©ˮѾбµֿˮѹֿˮ˽
ʱĴãϷˮ·ܣˮ֯УõǽķѣһƬ飬Ưպˮ֮УȻˮڻ
䶼ˣ񽫵꣬Ҷʣ˰ɣ
һ濪·ٴᡣ
òŪһʷ꣬һӾûˣյҶûʣ¡
ҡͷ
磬СģӥͻȻһİԹоѹ
ôˣ
㿴ˮ𣡡
ָǰˮӥϸ۾ųŨŨľ
ԭԽõģӦñը¯ˮƾСһ֣ȴ¯ǰʱԲʮĿռ֮ڣһˮûУͷ·֧һ֣ˮ
ֵ룬¯Ѿˡ
ǣ
һӲӵķ¯Ƭ֮ϣɫëֵʷʵĶӣЦշһĲɫУ
ڲɫһʵʣ߾ųߣɫͷɫսۣ״أֳһµĵĿش
ף
ƶɮûн磬ôܿ񽫵ˣ
ǿ񽫵ĵһ뷨Ͼ͸Լһ𰸡˵¯еĻŷұӴŪģǻڻӳ£ǿԿģ
ţð˵ڶ뷨ضүȻͦôҵĻ𣬾Ȼû
ûûƶɮһ㶼û
Цһð˵뷨ƺ񣬷·𡭡е㲻԰ɣ
˵ùĳ˾ѡ֮ǹĳ˻ûоأ
ּȻǲɫ꣬˫Ŀ񣬶̣һ˯갡
ô
ĵĿôˣ
ѵ˵һѻ𣬾Ȼ񽫡ˣ

ת¶ݣ񽫲۾ҵĿʣݣһ¹ˣػ躵ܻ֮ﻹմͳɵģ
֮񽫳ңָ˭Ҳûƶģֻǰһ񽫾ͳǰ޾ĵѾĲϣ
ĳѳ˯ǧ꣬˭𣬽ĳѣʡ

էѵ񽫣·𿴵˺ү۵Ƹ磬ݺС磬ǰٲĻүӣѾϲѪӿͶ֪˵ʲôˡˮ룬ѽƶɮûжĻˣҪǶүĸսѶƶɮءѽҪǶүãѵоӪиϵĻθ磬үʲôĶƶɮڤ긮ɾҪˡ
δ
Ŀˮ˳˵ϡ
е̰ķ֮󣬴ǲ֪ʲôġ


240 ǧ3
ĳ㣬Ϊβ𣡡
ȻΣ񽫷ĿԲ͵ƽ
ʲôҴ磡ӥЦһ̧ȥץ񽫵Ĵ󵶣񽫱Ͼֻһûʵ꣬ƺ͵洩Խ˭Ҳû˺˭
ֻӥ֮󣬵Ĳϻ˹ȥ
Ȼһͬû˺ȴҲһ飬͵ѹˡ
ɣ
񽫵ˣƶɮЩǣһҲĳƢ
ϣղʲôˣٺ٣Сһʱţû壡ڨڨһЦүӣ𣿡
㣬ǡ
ղžһƳ滹ûп񽫵ݣʱϸһȻʶ񽫵Ĵ磬òţǴ˵еġ
ˣ
ˣΪϼһǧ֮ĹĳˣѾۣ۶񣬾ʮθߣھݰѾһĴˣ治ò̬μˣ
𣡡
ȫͬʱ񽫸æˣȻ겻ĲˣһĶѾֻܳվ
үɵãã
湧£ϵʵղ˵ѵġ
ǣĳʬأ壬ȥȡǳ˵ַţȻ;Уĳң֪ΪξȻעУѳ˯ǧꡭ
ɫһɻ󣬡ĳ⣬ĳ֮±ضйأĳңҲضҪ֮Ȼĳұǧĳ˯оˣ
ԭˣԭˣҵ֮𣡡ϻο֮꣬Ȼܰүѣ
֡
˵֣Ƥ˹үӰңٺ٣ǲɫʦҶһˡ̽ۼҵأүƸ磬С磬үӡ
ߣ
صغһ΢΢˷ĿȻʹ˵еƢһ㲻˳ۣһֶ˵ġ
֡
ٰͽͽˣȡϢƢһЩƸ磬Ѿ湰֣¯ĳҾѣҲ˾ѣ
ˣү롭
ĳ⣬ĳĳҵĴ磬ܣҲ˫ɽɰì֮У񽫿ĳҵĳҵλֵܾѣĳֵžۣ
˵˵ִյߣ˵֣֪𣿡
ߣ
񽫻һߣû
ͬһ⣬̾ĳҳ˯ǧ֪꣬䣬Ѱң
㲻֪ҪƸأٴδ˹ƤٺһЦӥ̫ˣ˽
үԸˣҲþܾģǡҡҡͷү֪ѽ˶ˣ
ûϵ˻֣ᣬҿ԰ң
һΣۿһȻͱ۾
ĬƶɮȥѰˣ
ٺһЦ
ʱ򣬴Ϸѷ첻󣬴ˮӿ˽ۿĻҪˡ
񽫵Ҳ˼֡
˵ʱˣÿæһ֣񽫵үͿˣҵøϿﲻɫ壬
һͷȻվ˲ɫ
ڷҵ˱治ɫıѩҵѪʯ챦ںһ𣬷˲ɫͷ֮ϡ
⣡
һȣֻڵĻӳ£һֻɫֺӴӱѩз˳˽Ӳӵ֮С
ӷ𣡣
һķţɫֵֻСһţʮգգ˵кߣɲɫ
Ȼֻһ㶼ɫֺӣ
ʦɫҡͷԵ£ĺͷһߵϥǣϹлʦǧﱼȻ˲ɫ
ȱ˵ؿſҪʧ񽫣ѾˣܼԦ𣿡
ɫŤͷԼ꣬üëһʩƶɮĶʦأˣԺ󻹻ƶɮ
һϾ⣬ǰݣҲİƢܸһֻӵ𣡣
Ժڤ긮ĻҪɫȥʵ̫ˡ
Ӹ£ؿһ۲ɫһͷ
ĳұݾڣ
˵ţ᳤ɫ˵أһֽڵ棬һףػһڲɫ
ĳұ꣬壡ǧ

꣺ǧ

һ֮ʣ츳ߡﵶ⡯ܳң


ģ
仯һءһԡ
仯ǧضСģǧ򲻿һ˿һı棬ı֮£Ȼضǵŭˣ
仯ɽ

Ϩ񽫵ӰҲʧڲɫ󣬼ͬһʱ䣬ºڶֽƺдǧԣкпһۡ
֣㲻۵ԣôôհף
Ρ
Һú˵
ããºӵͷϴӦ׵ģǧ񼶵꣬ǰ붼Ĵڣ˵ȫ԰ЩҴӹżƶϳأ
㲻˵ȫ˵ģø˵
ָϵһ㿴һʲôһ
ٺ٣һ˼ǣǧ߾мСС
ºӱȻһκССľ룬мССĸʣһ
ⲻû˵ôۣ㣬һʲô
ºӺٺһЦҲ̫ǿǲɫһײˣʹ˼СʵһôͿԡһ֮䣬նɱһз֣۶ֵȼ۶ֶѣ

Źºӿ˺ܳʱ䡣
ϴұĲ𣿱ңңºӸæҵ˼ǣһǱɱһֻҪɫʹĸʣǲܶһؤǸӦ߻ƽʥˣֻҪֻһˣɫܰһɵ
ýˣˣ
̾˿̵ģ֪񼶵ǿˡ
ȻһɫѾ˿ֲˣѹأ
ǸźɫˣҪȲɫǿ
ϴǲĽɫºЦС⵱ʦֻм꣬ͽѾõ񼶡
ڨЦ
ʵ˵ʼɲɫʼɵķˣ
ĽºӻЦɫǿҲͽܺͱղɫ㲻͵ǧ
ģվģֻ˸ʽѡ
ɣ
ºӵ仰ʱüɫŶʼˣЩˣɫѾΪ˰ٱ֮ٱ֮ʲôأ


241 ʮ
ظĴɽ֮УһСɽľɫ·ԶϢ
Ȼ뾡쿴ɫı£Ѿˣʣϣ泷룬˵׷١æµ˴ҹźƽ⼸ʮСɽ
ɽѾں˶Ѩ޾Ͷˣû
죬һ±ٺ֮ȲҪȥ±
үָڶѨ˵İޣȼһơ
ǻⶫȻ鷳ҲҪߣߣ
һᵽǸĿһеĿȷӣץɫذƳ˶Ѩ
ɫɣҿһİٱ֮

˿ɫɫҲſ˿ֻС۾һã
˵Ѱٱ֮ݵĺǿʲôʲôǧ򻯣浽ʵʹõʱʦͽе㷢ˡ
⡭ôð
ץŲɫβͣǴһһ
ţɫһ߸ߣһ߶ʵĵǺܷǴİ
ǰѲɫһţ˵Դ
ҲǲСǣɫڷйзɶСô죿
үӣ˻ĲɫڨЦǸðҳȥǶȥٺ٣ûвָһĶ
׳գʲô㲻ȥôãٱ֮Զʽ
ָǰһôһУ
һУ
Ǿ׷ˡ
һ뵽ȫڱ̧ܵ˫֣ѾѻַķǳˣֻҪ˫̧ʺϷֽʵλãֽʾͻȻȻػǻûٻֽʣɫ֨һ
һɫһ֧ӲӵëʣεС
ǡ
ûüȣ͸оëڿзɿдÿдһʣоͶһӲӵĹâɲǼļʮʹһ׷ľͳĿ֮ϡ
䣬һ죬׷ը˿ǰʮĻķѡ
ñʣɴ̾ĶߣѾʦ޷ֱ˴ˣʣʡȥֽīḶ́ٶȣıǸʱҲδͨʰ
ٺ٣
Ҳо֧ʵˣĵǡ֧ǲҪīˮֽŵģֱڿдܸʡ²ٵֽīǮأ
ᵽʵĺôһԼʹõڶ꣬ɫֻʲôأ
ͷոð;һֻɫͻȻ֣һֻɫȨȣһ͵ĽɫԳͷ
Ȩȣ۾һǺǣģм˽ȨȣȨȣٻ޵ıһԶʱĺޣҲӲĿƣ
ϣ˵ġҪǱأ
˵žͱһֻˣͬһʱ䣬ɫѹ⣬ţһ׽Ӳӵװףϡ
ˮһһֻɫİǣͷǶͷϣǽÿһҪڹǿ㡪צ棬Ҳһ׶೤ķצ̡
öȻǺö֣ʲô·
Цеһ䣬ûлӦڴһٺٵɵЦ磬̡
ŶëˣɵС
ôƶɮȻлɡ໴ˡ
ţ۵һɫһֻӲӵľ޴죡

ץ쿴˼ӣŤͷȥүӣ⣬ҲУ
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244 ʧԹ
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245 ǰ壡1
䣡
ڹºӿʼ÷һɲǣϵƾͻؾ£ˣȷϣƲѾ˷Բʮգ˸Ϻɫ׵磬ѹߣ
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ӥѾӵԹԵԶ뱬ըģⳡǴֻ΢ƣģǰ俪߳Թһ·
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248 ǣֻһƬ
ʣս񡭡ô˵һɫĴඣ
Ƿһ٩Ů΢Ц
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īӢʶصͷһԡֻû˵ֻ꣬ӹһ󼱴ٷͱʵವأ֮󣬱īһҽУĽɫȻѣ
īسǹٵˣ
żӣ
ô
㣬㣡ţī˷ܵش𣬡̫ˣһУһо͸ɵīİ˸ߣ̴Ѷôʴһ
ǰʴ˿ǺŶ
ЦؽӹͷһοŮ˶ˣĳȫ氢˵˺ûСϵܣ㿴ճȥλɣҸ㣬Ǳ˴ˣǹʴأͬĶ֣Ȼһ·ɱ˳˵ʴжɣ
ţģīʺݺݵͷ
ôһʣĽòѽʵ
򡭡īеز֪شˣīӢȻһЦλڲ˵ЩʱɣȻݻˣóϻڣһǧ߻սڡ
һԪĳôƲƲ죬ɫס
ϵĽɫױһɫӰɿ˳ȥȻīӢŵļУӷ𣬷˵ˣģ챣̨ģȻ˿ҪҵĿ̨죬ֱͷӣ֣
¡̨ˣ
С㣬ڿԼǵĻˣ
ЦеؼƤףһӾܹʴˣⲻ̫ʵҿԸһЩʴ˵ĺôŶһǮǳǮ
λ벻Ҫ˵ˣ
īӢȻ˻ͷ˵Щ̫ͻ𣿡ЦЦóģҿֻһȤˣʱСʱçײʱԸΪƴв书ɣǡ
㶼˵ˣʲôǵģִЦˣôˣҴǽɱȥȥ͸飡
˵꣡
īӢҺ͹ܵġ֪ûҽĹ£Ҹ߹ǻػʵĵעǣûи߹仰ʲô˼
εؿЦ仰˼ǣǻػīѪΪȵѪȥ֦ɢҶҵܱܵӭȢһѪīŮңҲ޸һѪīˡֻܼ޸īˣϲǲϲҵʹԡҸǲܵģ
ȵʹ
ҪˣȫīӢ뷨Ϊһȵĳŵͱ޸һ֪˭ˡȻ⣬Ҳףݴ½һԴڽӴǳصĵطΪһ䴫ڽӴ̫顣
ðɣȲ˵͹ʵ£εȸ뿪һе˵
˵Ҫ𣿡īӢڴȻұ޸һīҵˣеī˶ˣǶԲڣ


253 ȼհɣҰ
Ůȵ㲻ߣᱻóϸɵģ
ǲɱҵġīӢڴóһСұϾǻػʵĵϵѪٴҲᱻ̣ҡΪʳⶫ䣬λҲΪҵġ
˵ţСóһīɫƣϡһīīҳǱһľ񣬱õҾ;԰ȫˣ
ϿīӢĹִɨī˻
ðɣΪ˶Եȣ㲻뿪޸һīˡ⻰һת
īӢһ󣬺Ȼת˴µڣߺŮʦɫŹߣ
һѩ׵ӰӴ˽ץŰ޿īӢô
˷սʱѾīӢĻ
ҡҡͷŰߣҶϺ󣡡
үīӢСߣûأô߰ûīӢĻкīʣǸСӡ
ϻˣߣ
һưѰƽȻкɫɽȥԼһīӢľˣ
īӢȻһЦ
ɣ
ŽһۣéݵݶһҵĻ洵ɣĴķīӢ§ŵܵվڴ֮УŤͷеİһǳǳ΢Ц

ʱͿ뿪ʱҲһĺͿ
д˴ʮ·ȻǰһһƬɫĿҰ֮С˶֮󣬺¡¡ʮȻһΧһ޼ʵĴƽԭﻹīҳǱӰӣ
ʲôīسǹ棬˽ʱûʱҲû۹ȻǷ绪ĹʴҲ
վڴƽԭϣϲ
Ѿƽô
мƲƲ죬ڳڣ޺Ͳɫ˾ͰīҴ췭ظ˳ǣһֱīӢʢ޵īسǹҲδеƲīҵĻˡ
īҺ˼һĹͷѽǧҪīңҪīҵĻҸ㣬ǰǸܻ뿪īҳǱģ
ŶԴīһʲôɱô
㿴īҳǱˣ޷ʵһǱˣֳױ죬ж
Բʮ̽
ĺȻһЦ㣬ӴһУͻȻվˣγһսж󣿡
һСһܻսԾŮīҳǱܱΣ
ȻȻƹĻܾпīҳǱʵīҵǿءճǡڵϣһȫԶĳУվһս񡭡սϵͳͽīسǹ棡Ǹڰ棬մѾīسǹ˺Ƭˣ

īسǹīһǧ꣬϶һ裬Լȴûīسǹ桭ƺ˰ĹʺˣҲûбĽˡ
īӢС㣬ҹʴ˵㿴𣬱˴ɱ۹
ʱ򣬰ӿϲ̬лָ˳ѰīӢҫ۳ˡ
үīӢīӢС㡭
뿪̾˿īӢĻתһ飬ÿ˶Լ
īӢûīӢû
ûĺ仰ʧķɱ˵ϣ¹ͷҲб׹䣬ĺȻ䣬Ŵ󺰣үΪʲôûˣҲ˰
ԸߣôЦ֣ǿдīӢֻһӵģ
ҲܶȻ˵ϣīôףīӢʲôҲᱻīɱ˵ġΪ˹ƨȵīӢС㣬ɵϡƨ
̾˿һī˰УⶫȻǸҲֻаϱˡ
ؽīץûеͷҲûҡͷ
ү
˺ܳʱ䣬͵ʵûдҲʲôȵܸңʲôŽȵ𣿡
šƬ̣һԵİشȵΪϣΪѪȥһЩ飬ϲǲϲ
ŶΪȣīӢСһЩԸ¡ͷľȻǲǣֻҪȸǿܽˣ
ҡͷ˿ʧǵӣĵ˵˼ٻɣǿвīҵʱ򣬻ǷԼˣ
ô
ͻȻ֣صعͷү书ҪīҸǿһ죬ҪճǣīӢС

Ű۾ûйļ֣ȻƬ̡
ѧǺ£Ѿʮˣǰ̰ͼ֣ԾɫؽٶһɫͿӣǾȫȶӣȡöĳɾô
ϧ۵ԪڣҲǰܶһӵյˡ
죬޸һҪٴЦѧ䣿ðѧк֧ܶѧһأүóޣóĽ
ҡͲ˽ź˵Ҫѧ͵ģ
͵ģ޲ͷ룬ҵ书һֲʺϰأ
ţº忪һЦ˳Ŵܹܣѧҵ书𣿺ٺ٣Ǹ˸һЩָ㡭͵书Ҫһͷͷ󣬲Żˣ˵𣿡
Ͱͬʱ˹ºһۣϲĺʲôأͷ͵ңⲻ󵼰
ºӸһʾһԼģȻЦҪ˵ͷıǾƴˣ޹ͽ𴸣Ͻ𴸣촸ǿɶǱصļһѽ

Ӫǳŵ޹սһԼһ󴸣ȶԴӣʱС۾ˣԣԣѧүܽҲ
˵˵˼󺺹ʦһ״Ĵؼ紸
˵ţºֻݵָջһδСãܹܣ紸ֻУһйһأѧȴѧôٺ٣ҿɸŶ紸ǴĿʵΪһ׸أ
ɲ֪ĿʵǸåûĻ;״紸ܸʵ۳Ϲϵһæصͷʹ紸ˣҪѧ
ٺ٣ãͰѴ紸Ŀھ㡭
ºӴһοھֻʮ仰ǰ˼ʮ黹û
ɵȥºЦ߻ߡ
֣ôһ߰ĴŪûЧǸ𣿡
߰书ºӵ۵ϴ˼ҿǰѹ׵ľжóˣʰС㣬紸ʷϿǺģ
˵ţڤ긮
Ůʦ紸𣿡

ԥ˰죬ʱ򰢸ǿ˿ھʯ飬رȻ˴紸


254 ˷
⣬ƷӺ⣬磡
ֵʯԶԶض˳ȥַɿؼ˻ͬʱһ裬ǹˡȻָ߳һ䣬ʿ⣬ķ
˵ţֵʯ黤סɣһĵ˵٣ûˣס˿ɣķҪæˡ
ˡ

ӣǿûЦе죬ʽ
ε̾ϢðȥɣиϣܱûϣҪá
ǰɣǰɣ
˵ȻԶһеϵ಻ƺǳǧĻսڷֽΣ
ī׷ô
æڵڳһεĶѨк˶˽ȥ
Ǹոնصһ˲䣬ʮ޴ľ׮ʹ⣬ϣװһģսвܼĻʮ׸ߣķߴ¥ﻹڣڿڿʼԶѲǰ
ĵ̽ͷֻΪģΧַɿһٶһȺı£һľṹսݷɿڴϹ֮³ǵĹģҲضá
СʱϾͳһҪ̣˻Ͳ̡
ǹҵġΪǡ
ſڶڣٶȣһǹҵĺˣСģǧҪҶ
׷ǵôʡ
񣬾ǱֳʵֵùҳһǱ˵ˣ˹ˣ

޸հضѨ棬ͼĹת貽˹ʸһѾϵˣֽһеȣ·˻Ҫ졣
ľͷϵ¥մѾɡΪǡķˣҪ
ն
һ۵˹Ǹոɻϻ˸ûɢȥȻŨŨɫѾ͸һĺɫ
նִлƽʥ˵ʥ뿪˽ѵĻȥǵ
ʵ֣һֻе֩룬ﳤȥջҪȥץǸͺͷСӣʸ籨أŶհѵҲˡ
Ѿͷ
˺һҲӵжֶŮû취ֵȥأץͺͷС֮ȥƺǣ
֪
ĿֶŮ뿪˻ˣһȵ˹һս֮ͷ죬죬ҪǵԻ
ƽԭϼž
ȵҪٲˣͬΪʦͲ˳ʧǧīҾͲƽԭīǿսճǾǵ֮ٴߣǰҵܵѾǴѶҲ֪ʲôǾͳ̸һ̸
ߺߣҹҵġΪǡ㽫Ƭƽԭ֮һ棡

ƽԭһ̾Ϣɫīҵóī
ǲȥīسǹճǣǧˣû߳ȥīһЦеĵطǼˣ
ǫùǳ⣬Цص˵Ǳˣԭģѹһǧû¶棡
˵ţǹҵ˼ҵܵѾ˵ˣȻʽ̸У˵һ顭ȥ³ദż˴ݻ٣ƺǵġ¥Ҳٵˣ¥ī죬ԣһƽѪīҳɽؽ¥
īĬƬ̣Դīɱ֮īѾûмĸˣؽ¥ҲģǹҺβԼ֣ҪЩͽأ
⡭
ʵ˵Ҳûؽ¥¥Իػī֣֮£ʮӲûһܿ¥ͼֽģ
ͼֽףǾֻīˣ
ⶪĻֱ˵ЦЦתǺǣǹҵȷԶ޶¥Ȥһ£ڶ¥ٵ죬ۿһ꣬ػʣīꡭ
ʲô
¥Ǳػī֮ļż
ԸһЦػīһҪȥһ仰ֻҪǿϳ޶¥ͰɽλʥˣīҳΪʮһƽѪ壬Ҹһᣬۼһī꣡
ƽԭٴγĬ
֮ī𣬡ұԸȥģλҲ˼м⡭һճǣīسǹ治ǳȥģ
˵ˬҴ˹ҵĻΪǣֻҪϣ֮ڣұضԻΪǹīسǹ棡
ڶ⡭īЩɣ޶¥īҾ帺һֹ̣
Ҫ޸­ҽһģǿϵͳ
ϵͳīԵЩɣ޸һżѣҪϵͳʲô
ֵԥƬ̡
ȻǺ̹һЩôīЦ
ðɣʵʵ˵̹Ȼ޸¥һ޸̣һ漰˻ƽѪ߻ܡҲܸʲôҿԸ㣬Ϊܣ̫̫Ѿ˶¥
ɵ۹Ӧ
ƹ
ˣʮ
£ᱮţ

һ˵ʮ֣̾ЩǻûǵǿļλǿߣǶѾԣȥ˶¥λʥϣīҵֵЩǿߣ
ˣˣ
īһ˷ܣƽѪȥԸǿߣȻΣգҲֳīҵҪԡ
һ⣬Ӧ֪īҵд¾ϣض߿ī
֪߿īڣǾͲͷ
Ǿڸղš̾˿īЦīҳͽī͸ˣѾ˳ȥҪīҳ棬Ƕһī
Ȼӹīسǹ棿һʲôô
һԳƹʣ⻹һŮˣһֻɫĺӣǧ򻯡
ӣŮˣ仯ĺӡ
׽⼸Ȼһ⣬ôն˵׷Ǽ쵰أ
ˣȵɱԮգҪҵ˾ڸѱΪƽѪͷͨʮ֮ڸץ
ŮʦƽѪͷͨŶǺϴ鷳ˣ
ѨƲһЦС۾ų̰֮⡣
㻹Цóü
ΪʲôЦأŮ˼ҹֿѷһ¸ĺ·أЦеػʣīꡭ


255 񱩽1
ŪһꣿĹͷЦСĲ㣡
ٺ٣ⶫԽԽ𣿡
з۾һˣȻûн꾭㣬ǿȰīڤ긮棬֮ٻ
ˣī㻹ңԶأָָͷѾڡΪǡˣôȥ
Ůûа취ôʡ
Ϊǹҵ߻ܣңҲ֪ôȥ
ǹأ
˵ԣ䡭
ã֪Ҳûа취ĸ˱﷽ʽ
޺͹ºӶûа취ĥ˰죬ֻðĺһˡ
ˣֻצڵϣһľޣ
ʮֻ˳С۾֨֨
ǣŵǵרǾͰæɣЦתľָűԸǵͬ鶼гһȥ
֨֨
ǻݽ˼ʱǧֻСӵðͷߴߴھһڳһһе
ãǿ·
ЦطԸһ󣬵ͷ˽ȥֵ޵ʱɫɷףָһһµۣϣ󡭡ˡ󡭡
ϣŮ󣿡´½
࣬࣡ŵƤӶˣһһٵ˵ˡİ࡭ңҲҪ
˵ţһۣϵػ赹
⡭
ٺ٣Ͳ£붼ر˰ޣڰ˽ȥɫɽϺ
ǰǵаĹʺˣӦӳ⻭Ϊ˰ɣ
ţЦеﴩУǸһٶףǰ桮֨֨ĲҽУƬѪ۴ǰ˳滹Ƥ⣬࡭
һЩ˳Ĩ˰ǰһֻǰһŲתľ޴ҶǽһɿתЩǳ̫ͣͱʳƬ˻

ΪǵĹҵ̴·ϵͳΣ̽ط糵ˣ
ˣĪǹʾڵ£𣬡̶ӣϽе
ˣ
ҵĻΪǾȻ¼ʮ׵ĵط˷
ҧҧɫЩ糵ӣҪпգ
ӷ𣡡
ɫ˽һķ糵һпյҶ򿪣˲˽ȥǸղغãͷ۾ʻͷսĹӵܾ굽Ƭ糵ĸ
ڸŲһȦҵĵЦЦͷսͨѶ棬һȺڰңûеˣ
˵ţǼս˵档
ӷ糵һĨͷ亹ʪġ
ɣ
·߲ͨˣǸô뿪أ
ڵ¶һҹڶ峿ӳеһСֿðͷһˣкɽ˷ϰաΪҲסްɣ
ͷû£Ϊεһֽǰǰɡϱ仯ټĳУȻһֻӴƥĻеֱۣӬһݺݵسɽϡ
ھ٣òɫʱһССĽֿ⣬ȥ֮ٻ˼ֻùΪǷ˻Ϊǵķϵͳ
ϣȥӵɱȥǸһ棬ͱ֪ļ֡
ҲǣīҵīسǹӵīۣҵĻΪβûƵļϵͳ
ӿĹҵӣҲȥˣԪɱϣȫһѪսֱɱҹŽӵ˵µһ޴Ѩ桭ΨһֵҵǣʱڻΪ棬лѡ
ǽһϣͻˣվߵһ¥棬йҵĵΧ
Ҳԣ㲻ҪƶɮôãƶɮһҲù
⿪ʼڻΪ涫أ˶ܣɱһ󣬶Ԫɱߵڣʵʵڵĵȼ
໡
ʮվһϷХ˷
ʱѾ֪ٴαҵĵӷˣĻսӿҲΧһǧ๫ҵĵӣԶйڣͶǹԶ̱ϵк
󣬰ҲɱۣһѪսÿһضӹһҵӵʺÿһƱضһӵ࡭ƬѪս¾͵ٶʬ壡
Ů˷ŶŲɫɵľ޴Ȩȣһٻްæһ٩
ս֮ʱöԣ
ս״̬µİ޾ᣬɨһ
ӺòãŮ˷ŶŬһָԼϵԪɱ󣬡ѾԪɱǾͷſɣʬҲŹ
ڣѾ˱ľ򣬸ͲʲôʽаĵĴȱˣȻҪɱóһֶΣϧһд۵رң
ͱԪɱǰɱߵɣʬ嶼ûʣ¡
޽սЧʣ֮Ͳȥʬ壬ûʬϵһЦ˷ѣȲԼ
ô
ɣԺԣڣΪ˻ȥɱѾѡ
ӣҹҳ
սͻȻһߵŭһͷӥ͵
ӶѾˣղڳѲ˵䣬Ȼ˳ڳǶϢֻ˰ӵʱȵӣȻ͸˳Ƕǰ󲻹ӵʱ䣬ѾнһǧӵͰ޽¡
ٿվɵʬӣʱһѪӿɱ
Сģˣ
޷Ӧ죬һƱԼӭȥɽ㱣ߣҵһֹŵڶ֣
սѾͷľˣۿӽ񵲣սһӲӲӭȥ

һ˺ѳյ죬ֻζ˶٣ٴθһѪɤۣӰ׹ˮ档
һҧ
Ů˻վһݣ
ǰĽսУѾԶ޵ĵȼˣԪѣһԪڣȻӲԼһƣֻ˵Ĵۣ
ҹԪ۷ǿ߰
ϸһϵĺԪâԱǰŨ࣬Ȼ͸ɫĹâȻܿҪԪڵľˡ
ԭԪɱĲգѾָ˺ԪԪĹؿϣһսҪֻܻҪԼӵָܻԪ¶εˮƽ
첢֪ԪɱܣҲȥˣΪ̬֮Ѿ
ССĺԪжҲΪô
ŭЦҲĵȼһԪжζѣ붼һĳ

ͬһĳӲӲؽһУȻҲһ׹䣬ûи˺ۣһҲ˵
СҲǿôеͷˡ


256 񱩽2
һɫȻѾ˺ԪжνԪ϶εĹؿڣʱпܽ
ҽŨۣȰ޵ҪӯһЩϾʬ嶼ŹﶼҪһġ
Ǽ칦Ů˱ǿˣͺͷСҲǿˡ
Ȼһĸоҵһǧôͳ˼ҽĵʯˣ
ţٿͲһˣСӵĲŹҵѪɱԼкĿȥҵڣ
ͺ¿
챩һΧһָʱָһۻҵϡ
ӣϣֱһֻʮ׳ˮ׵ľͻеֱۣ
ǣɱͺ¿
޴ֱ۵ͷҹĴɱ⣬ش߶Լꡣ

꣺ǡ
ʦר꣬𼶡
һǿսٶȣʯһԭϣ̼ϡ
ӡſ򡯣Բٲ֮ڣһнʯ޲ԶǿߵĻս
仯ɽΪʼţΪʼһЦǡ

Ǳȫ޴ĻеֱҲ͵ؼӿٶȣ䡯˶ʮ׸ߵһе棬̧ʱһ׵ľӡ
ɣ
ٶǿһУǻеֱ۴绹ǹҵۣŤͷһԼٻޣзųȥսǶûüߣͳͳ촷ۣ
µǣ
һգһЦ޴еֱ۸߸ߵؾֱۻ̧ĹУϵƬʯʽеݶʯƬǺͽʯմߵĶȫǱʯϤ˹Ļеֱ档
ֱ̧ߴʱ޴ĻеֱѾǿ߰ʮ׳ʮ״֣һصĻеޣ
ǹ꣬ǣ
ͺ¿ôЦҵǽǣÿһУսͻᱻĽǿһΣ㣬ֻԽԽΣգ糬
˵ţӴֱٴ
ٶٴζ㿪ǹֱڵһʮ׳һ࣬Ȼ
ĴΣ
Σ
Σ
ƴ˵ߴι̧ͷȥֱѾһҵôʮһôⳬ͵ֱʱ򣬾һСӴٶٿ죬ҲӲ˴Ĵ
㲻ȥˣҧ֣ƿƣ취壡
ƿƣ
޵һĨսУҲ̲סҪ޵뷨ˣԪ۷ֱۣ˵ƾƿôҾƿˣҵĽǰˣҲƾԪ֮ӲǶˣ
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Ůһ׷״̬µİԽԽˡ
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Үа취Ԫ
ֹԪһҪȥأ
˵꣬ԱǽĻһԺѰ
Ԫһ֧ӴŶӣ߲ʮ׾ҵһֿ⣬淭ٷϷױƷиݳõСߡ
صԼױһСӵˣС۾ҲñĲ˫Ƥ˲٣һ滯ױһкŮժ
ʶĵһ𣬰޾ʹһ㱡ɴ֣˵ϴʱ򿴵˰޵òǶ˵޵ӻһš
Ȼ͸ɴԼ޵ӵģȻϴԪҲΪ֮ޣ
ժ֣ҡͷУҵòױ˿
ȥԪ
ɷ˵ذһƿ˰ͷϣȻ󳷵֣۾ȥıɫľƬһ磬޻ָǰͷ۾ӣټԪҲϳ˾ԼڼǼİ׷ˡ

͵ؿһ޲֣ŭӣ̾˿ְָ˻ȥ
ιôҴˣ޶ݺݵصһ
Ҹշ֣֣бϳΣգ֡Σգ
òϣҪò߳ȥͻƽûϳҲᱻ̼ɫȶ鷳
ջˮĪˣ
װı֮ɽڲֿðëߣԼŰǰԺ
ƸԱĹѾкܳʱˣڴһһǰӦƸߣӦƸߵĶѾӴŵ˴ţˣкӣԱĽͼһԪɵŮ
˹Ҳܼ򵥣ֻҪǰһβգֻҪµͷͨһأȥԪ̸
ȻĳУҲʮƽƸԱߣһͷϵģһϸɨÿһӦƸߡ
Ŷʱֵ˰޺
λС㣬ҽаޣϣңҷǳĽԪС㣡
ƿ˹ȥ۾ǼĹâ㿴ҿͨ𣿡
ӽ붫ݿʼͰ޾ûб¶ԼݣƽѪҲֻ֪һͷһ׷Ů԰ֱԼ·֤Ҳǳǳߵ׾ͨݼ顣
СôأóʲôգݣǸ裿
ڵͷд̧ͷȻȻһС㡭
ŰɴֵӣչһЦĿڵ㲻Ҫձˣֱȥ̸
ƾʲôΪʲôֱӽȥӦƸ߻Ȼ
λԱǽģǱϣЩ̨һվƾһùں䶯ôվͰ޽ãЦ˭վȥλСһȣƯģҲֱȥ
ѻȸ
һ˭
ңλСѣ
Цش˹Ŭ۾ɵ󣬡Ů㿴ҡ
һֻɨһСһӡ
ιŮһûбأ
λҸղ˵ˣԱǽģӡ¶һ󣬡˵ҼһС۾кһЩ̨ҪѺܶױƷǻⱾģ
Ѿͷƶɮгô
ָ£ָ΢΢ȻǿһЦеŮӣҿǸղλСѣҪǸߡ
˵ţԼ·ϣ˳˰µ·ҿɾͺҵһ뿪Ŷ
ף⻰еأ
СһƲɨһ·̧ͷѽ㻹λСѽǺðɣһᣬóʲôݰɣ
óȻеˣɹƭɱû⣬ձݡ
ƽϹһ̨ǿȥ٣㲻ʲôݾ顭
ûóĲգεͷأأ죬ܸûɣ
û⣬û⣡æװ׷ӣȻ˼ƣֻҪҼһԪС㣬Ҹ˶˲ˮУ
Ǿͽȥɣ
²ͷػ˻֣֮Ȼ󺰵ˣǰǸ˭ԪС֮ǰȥһ˻ױ䣬۾ŪһЩͷףҲùڵбӺ۾ȻΪŪһͺĹأ
ͺ
һײϡ
棬Ԫںʮͨһֿ˵Ա̸Ц޾ǵߣ֣ԪⰢ޵
ˣԪ类޴кЦ޵ôɣƸ˽ˣһһ磬һȥμտˡ
Ҫô
ȻȷһǲǺԱҪ̨ϼµģԪЦһ磬һһ磬ʮŸǫֺ̈̄õ£ݲõġǺǣԪֻ˵һǸˣ
˵ţ˷ַ籾ľĿȡսʱڵԹǴͳ硶𴫡һĻԣأȲ


261 Ա
ԭĹŴԹףΪ𴫡׼ģ
Ҳݳ©ӣŵЦСģһŬ
ţǾȥ籾ɣϻ˸ǽݳ̡ˣλСѣҪסһ𣿡
ٺ٣òˣٺһЦ
Ҳ밲һ𣬲ǸˣԱǰɫסģ찢СŮǣʱԹģһᷴԪǸǽסһ𣬲ȻûĬŶ
һǣס

ҹɫ£ɵ꣬Ժƣɵһֿı©磬Ӳݣ̭ƾɲéѻڲϵɢŶ
Ŵ򲹶ޱڴֿżϣںҹɪɪ
ﻹץͷҲǣԻûš
ֿ棬˺ѹѹض׳һƬǺһޱץͷͿͷһ𣬱į׷ԲԵ˻ĬĬͷƾˮݶ͸ǹֵĲɣ֮ϣںѩ׵ĺۼ
Щˣ콫Ҫף

һᵽǰЩƯ׵ļȦû찡̾˿˱ˮʪľ籾
ݵġ𴫡ȡеһ̣һʷǣϤĵҰģɱԼĶŮЧͬʱĺضӹʷҥݾͱˣʮɱԹƽģŰĳѾ޷ŤתˡΪ˾Ϊ˱ݵİգΪ²ضӢ껯̨˱£
ⳡҪȻɫģ
ԪԼݵģ·޾ͽǸ˫ʱԹģ

籾ѾСעˣڰ޵ļƼԪʶõһҪ׽ɫԱף
ף
ž֪ȻףҲеĵһţ̨ʣб飬жվһʱΪԱĸ߼ף
̨ܹ֮࣬һ䡰ڶ䣬䣬
װ׷ӣ˲ֻϷݣһ·֮ͻȻסؿڣĵŤͷһ۱Ļ硭ҽһ֮ԵڵأĿ
ѹ˵ƶɮ۾СأӵŬɴ۾̾˵Ŀ۾Ҫͺܸ
ΪݳŬʱæµһĴԺѾӦƸԱ׷ԺŶ뿪ƽڼؾ֮·ϣ뿪˱뾭߼Լ顣
û⣬ߣ
ŴһｫһԱͷȷûƤߺͼٷһĶ˻ַСȻŤͷۿյĴԺӣ첽˾еǰѾϣûзֿ
ţأ
Ҳûз֣ҹСոһˣѴսļϵͳˣС˵ϵͳ¼ֵģֻҪָ߳Ժһ̾ͻ
ҶлС㣡
ڻƽѪеĵλǳ⣬ҳȴƾصΪ˻ƽʥŮĺѡ֮һ㹻ء
һ칫ˣտɾʥŮˣ
ѾѹˣûлӽЩԱҲû⡭ɵӦþԪСԺ
ûǿ϶Ԫжʥ˵Ļƽ飬ǻƽʫ쳪ߣû취Ӳأ
ԪĴԺӣεͷ­ŤתȦҲʽ죬˵Ԫǲֻ֪Ժӣ֪أ
⡭ԪСλʥ˽ܣӦòֵɣ
ҲҲûӣ
ͷǾͺðˣԪڽݣһ뿪̰ԺӸҲˣڵߣҲҪָҳ
Ȼ֪ͨңѲ֮ʮ֮ڰѴԺӻָԭ״ҿɲΪһ֣׵ƽʥ˵ѣο߻һյǰ󽫡
ڶ峿ݳƺƵ뿪˴ԺӣǰŸߣʹƽԺǽðûа׳յңǰðëߵɽԼ䣬ûб췢֡
ݳڽĴƽԭϽУΪ̨ЧѾｨɽһֳݴĵò
ʱɽͷѾ˹ڣɽǧͬʱıݳҲһسǽһʵķð̨ԪѾڳǽĻ׼ˡ
ĻкѾùףһ״ص佫װէһЩ硣
ˣˣ
æĻǰڽȥѾȡ߻ױˣҲõһԱףһ˳ìһߴٴһ·һι籾ôɵĵ㣬ҪõٸԱףһ̨ʣǧҪ
ҵǣһӲǷԱϮܣɱȻĿ
ȻһסؿĶ
պϰɣ
»Щ⣬̨ݵҪ㣬˼Ͳˣװ̵ܽӣĿȴ͵͵Χɨһۡ
޾ڲԶѾװĵȹװȻɴ׵ʣ˵ֵ̬֮ݣ֮ҲҪʤ֡
ԪѾݵһʵԱƵɫɫԵƲ̵ķɧСӣûе̨Ͱɫӹ޵еĲɵչֵ쾡£

ץŰ޵ʲô
ԪС㣬ˣ
Դ׵ʱٸƽ˽ǰ棬ĽһֱߵҡڣΪ˱ݵİȫ⣬ƽѾΧ˱ݳ
죬ҰΧСĳأ·ŭس˹
С㣬עԪСģ
ƨ
£
ԪЦһ߹µС֣ЦҲһ⣬ɾܾأһתæŲҵԺôᵢĹɣ
ȻᣬΪѲСԺ֮Ҳŷ˺Ȥһ£
нӹһ˹طҵõȷ鱨ɱ־СԺҰԺӲؽ֮󡭡Ԫߣ촽ǣȴѾˣ
˵ʲô
ЦĸᣬԪС㣬ѾݳˣǾ
ϱݣһ飿ԪüëһƾȻѷɫ
ôԪСıأ˻еѾˣеľ˶ԱˣȷҪ˵ǾһյʮŸԱ
ʮŸԱѾ˱񣬲ܽļ飡
ԪϽӿЦҲǣԪС㣬ѡԱ۹ĵ꣬ͨĿˣʮŸһǾԱˣô
Ȼ
Ǿͺðˣӻ֣ͷʿ˽ԪС㣬λǾıݼңĵʦһ£ǰһλáǻ۹۲ʮŸԱҳе֣
ǺǣҲһҹ֮տݼɣһǾһ˭ݼã˭֣


262 ʲôݼɣ1
ͷƤը
İ취̫ˣݼⶫɲһһϦģûκݼԣ޸ǿһıȡĽɫҲǴ˵еġƿôӹ۾
Ҫǻרҡ
ʮıݷ˭ݼã˭ݼãǻһ۾ܿ
ţ͵͵ɨ챻н⼸ԱǶĻҲרңȴɫЦеظøʲô͸ʲôԱ߹רҼרҵıݼɡ
һ֪ǻʵݼɣ¼飡
ǻ룬ܱרҹ۲ʵһѵõ߻ᡭ
ԪС㣬ô˵ˣӭλ˼ôЦ
ԪĬ˰ӣȻչһЦӭλǰıݴʦԪôҲӭָָԱǣǺã¾λǰѡλ۲죡ǾԱɴߣԪ
΢ЦǷлԪС㣡
ƽﳷ˳ȥȻһ󷨣ɢ˹֮УΪάݳ򣬵Ҳ̵ʱڽս
⣬ҵĽҲڱݳ棬ڵô򣬲ϻعߣʮӾһŸգ棬µ޵ԶԶһմõͷ­λе棬ֻҪֳ֣ͷ­Ϊɢڻ᳡Ļعϳɻеս
ĻеսȻȲôս񣬵Ҳֵܵˡ
ǳ
ԪһȣĻԱɵæµ
ס޵ԪѾ˰״ֺ̬õЦЦǰԪ˧פıأ밮ǳһΣΣ
ȫƾԸԽŵصͷ
ͷסģҪֳλʣӾǿߵ̬
ˣǳɣ
Ԫǰ̨
Ļʱ첽˰ޱСʣŮСıݣǧרҿ
ôѽ
޳üæšѼԪƷˣų̂ʡ
ɣݺһĶͷǾһһˣһϳ϶ֽٳԪʣ
ٳԪС㣿⣬ⲻðɣ
˵ʲôأϣ
ߵ״ߴٵѾϳ¥ˣΪױôʮ֮⣡
ãã͸ϣ
˰һҪʱĺƣųìżʮǰ̨
ǽһսڹϯһŵרҾüͷߵǸС·ԣ
Ŀ⾡ϣûעôһСɵһ׶ѣݼҲ֮аɣ
Ī⣬ԪҲǾϸѡģȲԱҲ
͵͵ָרҵ˳ʱͱȱһûмס̨˳򣬶㿴ı顭ڿǱĻױƲطӱֺӣϿƵı𣿡ûУûг͸籾Ͳݼһ֣һԱԪ̨ϣ
רҵĵǵЦԽԽŨ
ˣһ֣֪ͨңеսĻȫ׼ף

֪һѾɱӣһ㵣ĵظӲǷϵͳ
ʽʼˣ
㿴ϳǽԪңָǰĴɽʹӣǹ˵Ĵýɽˣ˸ʫһף
˵ʱԪһŰޣһ۴ϵСӣаһһܸоҪĲʮ֮ʫ˴ʣǴǰ¹⣬Ь˫֮ɫ
Ԫ
Ԫ
Ԫ
̨µĹڶʱλרҲӵͷԪС㣬ˣܰ˵ĺɫֵ˱棬Ҳ
ϵǫˣǿһĵԱɣݼΣ
һ̣˵Ŀⶼ˰ϣ
ҪʫĻشأ
ѽôشأ
Ҳ˼
û籾һƬհס
Ϊβ޵ĽţԪѵǲʫǼز֪Ǻˣţ

Ѿ״̬˵λһϵطżͷѽԼںԪ̨ͬѽԼȻԪ̨ͬݣԪС㾹ȻظԼ˵
⸱ģĴ˸ƣӷݽ̽ĵԱ
һͰ޾˫˫
ݼ
ζû˵ԪӦ䣬ϲصɴ۾ˣˣĪЧǷϷĵʣɹ˵ǧſɲһЦ
˵ţصһ֣ͳ˧Ԫ˧ڣ
ô籾ˣ¸æżʮСǽ֮ϣµĩ
Ԫ˧񣡡Ԫ̧޵°ͣ૵ΪʫɽΪ续ˣ˱ϷһһλΡ̵ȫǱڳݣ
ɣ
ڰû·ƣѾʧأҲǾḻԱˣһԸֹһٵ㡣
ıص㣬ƭ򿪳ţõޣƴһսػ̨ôֻҪԼȻ󿪳ţȺͿԼȥˣ
뵽ɫҹ޵ϣΪ½ɽΪҹգ׿Ű
ʲô
ԪŭתԽɽڹ˵֮£Ѿ޺ξ֮УϿǣ

µͷŭɽΪأΪأ
ֻаգûй˵𣿡Ԫȵһ֮ڣǣʿݣ˾Ҫĺÿ
±ߵ̧ͷŷŭͲʣڡŭ£ͷ
ҧĩҲӣ
ĹԪ˧ǰɣģ˳¥С
֨֨
صУŴˣǺӵĵˣԹľӳ۳⣬ڳгķ룬һ޴Ļӣ
⣬ڴɽе¶Цݡ
ɱὭɽ
һֻɫĴͻȻ˫ſڸ˰գ˫һǧͬǿǵصûԾ󡪡һ棬Ծ㱻˴룬ҴʿڻмѵƫƫʱһֻʨŴ޳˾󣬼˾ɱ˾ͳԣ̼ͰԾ䣬Ȼ޴˳Ŵ򿪵ĳžͳ˴ԵĸҪأ
۸ߺŤͷһѾûлŵʿӦ

ԱҲһһ󺰣
ۣһֻ͸ؿڣص£Ťͷ۱ĴԽɽĸĸ޶Ŀ
١ǰŭ𣬡ŵԾϣ̼ϣ
ϣ̼ϣ
кȻһ±ݵѾʵˣǸȣָΣ޹Ʒߵ˱ѾսߣͳͳԵһĲֵ
ڣظ߾ֱۣȫϣ
ǰһĻһβ׵ʷ˵ǣϷˡ


263 ʲôݼɣ2
ԣԣ
޷һλרҾҡͷ
λĸԱ⣿۾һ
Ա籾⣡רҷ߷ߵ𴫡ǴͳľĿˣԼݹʮΣԪôѾˣ˵ʫһΣӦȻ˵ʫãҪǹ۾ƭ˳šԪԪôĳ˷ϷԼͰѳŸˣ
Ǻǣ
ֻץ֣ĳʲôӶ޹أЦЦ
λҶϵԱôͰޡ
ǣר룬ĵԱû˵֣ѿݼǸԱףʱƣʱǻЦ⣬ûκݼԣ㿴صơ
רϲѾվ
˵⼸ѽ㹻ˣ
׼ô
ȫλ޵ҲѾϣ
Χʿأ
ѾݳȫΧֻȽһ£
ܺãܺáôҳ
˹ϯʿҲӷ׷ռıһ·γ˵սĽʳҲңʸ
ݣɱ٣
ʱıݳУŭ𣬾֣ôˣ
ҳȥҪѾʧȥǣ
֣֣
ˣܵĴ̼̫һʱò˵ģ
º̾˿ϴʲôϷ벻УҪš𴫡ԪҲǣϷϷŪôʵʲôԾףıصòټԪݼѾﵱ˵ıأԪ޾ģôס
ɣ
ƶɮʧˣȱһ꣬Լִ̼ܵŹأ
ô죡
ȥ»ڤ긮ģ
ɱУץûãǾ͡С۾һתȻ˸ðյ⡣
֣Ȼ뱣ͻȻлĿȨǾȥɣģɱǧΧ
˵ţԼЦ˳
ٿ壬ӦܴŰɱȥ˳߰Ԫʰɣ

ʱĳǽ֮ϣѾеؼľ顣
޴ɱ˳Уƴֵһ󣬽˳ǽ̨ʵҲֻǱݣ浶ǹɱһδϷеķǳ죬󲽾̨档
ŰµĳУѪɺӵԾὣԼľ
ģߺŵ˵֣ߵŭ𣬡һڴڴԣôۿŴ֣ԽɽһգգգձͷΪ˾ˣ
˵ţĵİ޴˸ɫ
˼˵ģɾҪ̨ˣϿȻͻɵؿ̨ĳ棬Ͼ߼
ǰ޻Ρ

ɵô
Աȫˣٲ֣ݾͳ߼ݳͻһ뵽Ծʿ𣬡Ԫ˧Сģһֹ̨ģСĵĹ
޵ԱҲĴ𣬡Ĵˣｻǣֹ̨
ѾԲʾˣϧ޻ڴ½ǣԪС㾹Ȼ̨ͬݣѽҲǴ𣿡
ɵѾͷ
ԪɫҲÿˣ̻ڸǣݺһ޵֫ɵѾͷû籾ôϿݣ
ȻѣңҸʲô
찡Ȼû籾ԪԵȥֹ̨ڳǽ棡
Ŷֹ̨
޺һͷ৵أգۼͳ̨棡
Ȼ֣šľǺݺһƣһƿǻֵĹɱУһӾͰѡ̱ڵء
Ҳû뵽޾Ȼġ޸ոսΪԪ¶Σһƣ۾ݶûмܽ°
㣬ѽ¡มһڵأ
ɵˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ȫڣ浽һ춼ֵصɴ۾
ݡ𴫡̨ûнɣľͰ̱ˡǡ𴫡ǡ㡷
̱ˣ
Ӯˣ
ôݰ
ѽԪæ嵽ǰӴ
ֹ𣿡޻ϵġ˻ΣǻԪС㣬ģɹֹҮ
찡
Ԫ쳤̾ˣԼྭӪһ糹׻ٵˣԼʮµľݵһݼҵҲûˡһ磬ƽѪͻȡԼ쳪ݣ̫Ҳ᲻ԼŮ˰ɣ

Ҳ̾Ϣһϲ磬־硭
վ׷볡
Цų˱ݳء
ʱ
ģ˴
ƽһףѪеԱ׻վ
һҵôʿȻվⳡֱЦˣԪľ̾˿ϸһԱ״̨ժȥͷѵףֻʣһ貵սۣͷ뷢Ʈ˫΢΢ƴӣһԶźĵҰޣ
֮Աףսǲɫ˼ƥ


Ԫˣ·Ϊұ˾ݴ½ҲûһԱܰʱֵ˱桭˵Ѿñˣ̨һվ
Ա˭ܽﵽֵزǰ겻һݼɣ
ƺ
ݻԼȥ
Ԫ۾һתȥϲԪ˧ûô˭
ˣſϲ󺰣һ֪ĵҰģðԼԼװİ磬ҪһͻȻϮ
̶̵һ仰ڱľȫ˳ˣ
ŶԭԪ˾飬ղű̱ĲŸճأ
ţɧĹ²صɴ۾

ݼ
㣬ôˣһ۾ϳԾʵ
˼ʣôأû뵽ľģʱҲɬЦЦģΪʲôҲˣС
˵ţ˦ֶӤʬ壡
ǡ޿Ϳˡ
ʶôǴ̫Ӻ͹ѪᣬЦ˵ȻҲҵŮģǻҵĺ֮ټ޸ȡԼһôҰѺӸˣѽվȡ
㾹ȻɱԼŮ
һϢİ޾ˣǵĵķӳЦ۽ѪմգɱǣΪĺ˾ܶԲԲԽɽģҵķˣֵˣ
˵ţһް˰ޡ
ҲҪɱô
޾ȵش󺰣ôҿǰޣѰһ䡮ҲҪɱôĵ˵ĻҧأצԼǰ͵һƬѪ˳
䣡
Ѫ
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ɢ֮ʱǵػָˣһ
̨£վŵǲ֪ŵĻԵġ
ĩ
ƺҪ˵Щʲô˿ıӰֿ˿ӺͶŮʬ壬ЦЦһȳһյߵ̨档
ۻŰ޴бزкԾʬ壬γԼ彣һ۱ɱĶŮ֮ὣء
һ˫ɫͫҲûбϡ
Դˣ̨Ӵԣǧңֱգ̨٣Ӣ겻֪٣
Ԫϵһν᳡԰ףһ֣Ļ£ʷ࡭˭֪أ


264 ʲôݼɣ3

һ˳ԪͺµĨһ亹Ȼ󽹼ش󺰣Ա׵Աҡģȥףﰡ
ŮңҾ㱳󡭡
ſڵϣشŴ
ʵ̫ˣȻһνѪһ£ҪİʱĿȨȻҪضˣ
ô𣿡Ԫеʵ
һԼ壬ֻʧѪ࣬һʱܸԭٿ˿ԶİޣҲֻƤ˶ѣ˿ԪС㣬ıݡ
㲻ҪǸԪ۾ȵĹâڸǶͣһԱȥףҴˣõǸң
һ㶣Ա
ǰ𴫡Ѿ̨ˣǴûһԱֱͬһԪ˷ܵܿɹģղžѾˣٳľ飬ӵʱ䰡Ͱѡ𴫡һӣҺһʵʷ˵ı֣Ԫƽ
ܲʵô
ֵ˵
ڨڨЦ
ÿÿ
̨ͻȻٻƽӣһ֣ʿǾͰΧЦƺڿֵͽ;λ
죬ʲôԪǰ
ԪС㣬˵ģһȷֵݣͿߣ
ָ׾֣ԪС·Ȼʥǰýͣ
ŶԪüëһƾʲô˵֣
Ϊûݼ
ûݼ죬ԼῴϷԪϹۣѡһϷԱ
ԪһЦǿƵѹȻ˺һ磬ƫƫӯλԱݼΣڳϹںԱǶˡûݼߣڼڵ飬̨ͬ٣ͳݼԪͷ֣ҽ֮ұеһţյĶ¥ؽ֮ϣҲݣ
һŭеͷˣ治ݼʱѾˣûεġʱݡ
רҷ˽æλ˼ңԪִ֣Ƕλ֤ԱûκݼԣҪҵ֣
ʲô֣˭˵ûݼ
ÿ
ͷһָӺһסֱۣݺᡣ
ӣúӰʵʮˣǶΪԱûˣ̨ѾŮ˵¡ͷӿۣ֪½ϻסӵԱܸԪ̨ͬϷԪ·Ա
һ֮Ҳ˹ûڵúӰղ϶ۻ軨ˣȻ˵ûݼˣˣ㲻ûݼֻЩõϰ߶ѣĳӣͻС·Ժ̨֮ǰһҪס̨˳СɫʱҲҪһЩǧЩѧԱҪСġ㿴ΪղŲ棬ûݼ콫ץˡ
һ


ݶıһ³ݼе㲻֪ˣüͷλ˼ңǿɿˣ˵ݼΣ
ÿѾĺˣͳղһСӾǺıţԲ֣˶٣֣ҲҵţҸλʥд飡ţһҪ°ս粻ʧȥǰ
˵ʢޣǫѷرʾϣλ˼˵ģƽڶε̨ݡ
Ŷڶξݵ̶ֳȣ
˵۾ˣߵСӣϷϣƽҵϼңȻóڻƽѪ滹˵һ仰ߣҵѧʦΪƽʫĳԱ
ȥʲôϼңһЦеСǰ;޿ҪȥҲȥǽң
ͷֿǸͷε̾˿
óλ˼ȻǻƽѪ壬ҲңĵЯսǡ
ɣ
ƶɮ˴ô
λΧ޵ʱؿһЦЦת˳ȥ
ƽˣ
ſڣֵԪС㣬Ȼ˲ֻ֣ûץҵķӡǺǣòıţȻвɾͲˡ
㣡
Ԫ΢΢һЦҲεĲģЦӯӯߵλר󣬡λǰǲǸһʱ䣿
ʲô
ר̾ץ֣±ԪƵġ
λˣҲҪˣֻҲ֪սĹءһĹѾ糱ѾȺ鼤ˣȥڰɣ
ڣһ㶡
ѽѽϺͿˣרοһɵӣһݳ˳ƺǵĹڣһҹˣǣȥȥǩɣ
󣬴ǣ
ԽԺˣԪѾһױ˹һױһЦԱҪģȻ㲻óªҲûʲôԵȥ֮ǰҸ㻯ױԱò߷ֿױأ
һ֮
һͷѵĺɫɢһɫĽһϮѩ׵áƲεСӣһ͵Ĺӳ˴ϡͿ̨ǰĺ̺۾Ҳױ߳ŴˣĿü桭

ѹѹ׷ǵصӿ˹Ȼ𵴣ǧҲδй˵ѹ

ҹƣصԪĴԺӡ
ʱŽˣñ˺ˣҲ²壬¶ؿڵż⡭ƲСҲŤ˼һձұ
Ժʱ򣬱ŵĳԱǵ۹Ҳòһˣ𾴣ĽҲжʼɣÿһ˶Ƿ
սĹأһУ
˵İ޺»ûֱ߽Ԫķ䡣
Ԫɫ²廨̧ͷɨǱӣЦǵζΣ
ʵ˵죬Ҹ£իС
ţ
Ԫһ㶣漴ЦѽǸûĳһЩӦõģȥɣ
ǰһһʮƱװ鱦䣬кһ飿ţһҹ鰵ʾץż㿴˼ۣȫǹ˺СİĽ֮ʡ
Щż㡭
ǵıؾ֮·ԪЦˣһױ֮Ҳ㿡ΣôįߣõĹŮȻͻᶢˡǺǣⷽҺܿģȥֻǲҪҵݳͺá
ŮûӦݳɣɴ۾
Ԫû˵ʲôЦеóһ飬ݳԼŶкܶ˰ʲôأǩµʽһԱˡ


265 һС
Ůظһ飬ûӦݳ
Ԫɷ˵óһûԼ
˵ʲôԪӲ廨̧ͷ΢ﲨתһɶǵŶ㻹ûӦءҪھͿԿǣȻӦң
˵ţͷ廰Ҹӵʱ䣬ʱ㿴

氡ŮǲⱲӶû˾ܾΪһڱ˾Ͳܾô
εҡҡͷڻҪԪӰͰ޵İȫԵץ˼ۡ
ݶݳŵ˼˵ÿʮĳѰݳҪʮ֮ڣһٳ硣
ûȤִֶԪԷ
Ȥ
ԪҲһŮ˵Ĺ뷿һŴ󴲣һΣڴ̨ϵĻݣȻӶܣܶǷűڷŵģĻ鼮ĵǾıԣŵݵʱҪš
һͷʱҪһ򿪣滹кʹȻԪոտ
ؿһ顭
ʮ³һɵ۹ӦѪͻϮԱ߾³壬ӦƱնһǧ³ߣԹɽʱӭսʮɫȣѹɵ۹ӪȸӦձԺͣ
д³Թɵ۹һ߾սۣԹʧ˴ѩɵ۹˴ݣǲʤܣ˭Ҳûռˡ
ȤģԪױע
ѹ飬ոӦԪдѹ鱻鸽ˣǸӦϺͿˣӢ޿֣Ӧݺʮ꣬˰ܸһΣܹڶΣѹ飬ҲյӦ
ʷƺܿȻսթ
ȤԪڶ
ҳԹȻԹսˣӦһ䣬ָթЦС㻹ôٺ٣թдģۿԹδƵģ
ҵȻδԲµһЩ
Ԫ飬˵һľ֣ôҶ֮ڣԹұɱһĴԻʵۡΪѹ飡
һ
뿪³ǵʱѹ飬ӦйıԽɽһǷˣǸӦѹϷѹǿԹӰ
ѹıλĵһ
ǡ֪ܻᣬܲ²ֽԪʲô֪ƾһļ͸˳
Ȼ˿϶ѹضܳɹıλ
ҵĻôԪľɫЦʵܼ򵥣㿴սĹ̡Ӧһû𣬿һսȻԱ֣һɱһǧѩʿ߸ǲ⼸Ҫ˱ѽ˶٣˭į֮һѹ֡Ӧһսڸѹ·̧ڴԵӰ
ٿսѹڳ֮ϷַƣݱսƵñȨ˼ԼأѹԼȴƾոӦĹѫΪ˴Եһ񣬱ͳԪ˧۱֮⣬ѾȫѹУ
һˣһҹ֮ıȡһϵı˵ûҰģô
ҿһУѹ鲻ȥʼұ⣬ΪǱԼҸһǿԹϵĿƣҸ˵⼸Թ󳼣Լţ
ȾȨ񶼿֣ѹͻıȡٱիԹľٹ󣬾ȨȨȨһ֣ѹ㲻ʵۣҲۼǴΣΪһĿʥ
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һŮˣһۿǧ֮ĵ۹ƣƲҪĳ˵ֻǸǣô
С㣬ҪĶˣ
߽һСѾߣͷȥһȫµʱҪţԪɨۣЦˡ
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ӹһʮ³һҲǰԹ̲鱻ָ̰ܻߣ峯նʾˣε̲ΪѹĶ壡
С̾ѹȻʼԹˣ
ԪȻһЦ
ֽ鶪һԣЦˣЩǴЩ˻ûбҪȥġӵˣǩΪҵԱɣ
˺תߣղԪ̸Цָ㽭ɽõӡ
ŮҮôô˵ǩǩأҪٸµĿʱ䣿
˵ţЦе˳ȥ
ԪҲûðɣٸµʱ䡭ͷ廨ߵſڵʱ򣬺Ȼ΢΢̧ͷˣұȽϲĲǶһô
ʲô
ҾͶģʱôã£֮һǩ¡ԪЦĸţˣҸдһΪūΪ澣Ϊ檣ȫƾһ仰

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ڶ峿ԪĴǰƶǣ׼ΪĶ¥ؽգԿԱڶ档
޵ѾȬˣ̨ϵı׾֣ԪҲûݵĻˣƲ˺ܳʱ䣬ȻŭͳͳϣҪףѾˣõĻѽҪܼԪСıݶӣܳΪǣȻǶǣʾǡ٣ɴǣһͽҲ
ε̾ϢƺǳϹϵ֮󣬰޾ʹû
ֻǰޣΪ֮µ̬ҲȻ仯ˡ
ιС۾ļһЦӯӯ˹˵ԪС˶ģ֮һǩô
ģôˣ
ҿҪһСʦˣֵԪСĴûҲһ׼ǩҵСʦܰɣ
˵ţӱϽһŹ٣˳ιԱֻҪݼ裬裬٣Ҳǻڿʼ̵ĻԴһЦʹӵٿʼ
Ůɤ֪֪ڵΪ飿ʲôûӦأ
һ䣬𲻴Ӧʲô𣿡
²һң͵ЦɣСտǶݣԪСûܱȵأҵͽܣ㼸ĸ
ƲƲ죬ݣˮʲô
⺷ˮһͱסǲµһأ
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깥
ѾͷҲӵйô
ڳԾǰȻӿһĻƽǴЦһ£һ£콫͹Сǰ£Ҫɨ˽Сˣ
үž˰ĺޣĺþˣǰΧ


266 جΣجΰ
ޣһĲҪٵ£
Ҳˣ˫ְסңԴǻһ˿ЦûܶЦ
üͷһ壬ͦҪȥ
𶯣סսİһЩ͹նҴӮ죬Ҳֲյعȥô
ǰ
ҲڵİҪȰȵñסԼ
˵ڤ긮д˯ĹºͻȻ۾Цǩһֵϴ󣬼ȻͰС㶼㣬ǾͽҰɣ¶ڵĴһڽ׵ݱ֤һסһӪĻᣡ
㣿
ڤ긣ɵشһ۹ºӡ
ִǴȻԼҾ˰ɣţ˸Ƨĵط˫һСĵ㣬˸ƽ񣡡
ƽϴ㲻ΪҪǴɣ
ô
СõǴи˵İ취ҿ˼ҵƤһǣ
ºӷɿһƬС֣ٳʱѾԼһں֮У·˵ϸĵͽƭӡ

ү
ʱ򰢸ǰһҲ֪ڸǼû취ˣɤҺ񫡣
о仰ô˵šҽɣ
ֿ֮󣬰һجΣƺԶ
һûˮʱС̽ϢûãʹŻƽɱ˹
ʱͲһĺԺۿžҪ﷢ˣҺûƽɱӼߣڷϵسæһϢ͵Ϯս֮󣬰Ϊѣɻһףһʺ书·Ĵ
⹷ʺ˺õû˵ˣ
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Ҥһˣһڹͷ󵶣
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ѪΪˣǩ飬ǾĳԱˣ
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һԼһȸҾƣϰѪӡȻݺˤ룬ȵԯļƽʥսݣ
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һҲѪܵӡ
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иĦĺˣԼ𣿰͵͵һߵѣȻ;ǰһһذѾ͵Լֱߡ
ѣֵˣԯ¶־ͬϵ΢Ц
ңҡ
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˴ؿһ۰Ƕ˸Цǰϣ֣֣ͳ֣ʱ˵ͷɣ
ɫһӽǾڶսߵսʿˣݴӳ
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ŽɻĽɫףԼ£ĳа֯ʹ߳Ҥ
ͲҪ˵ˣһ뵽Լ˶·ͻججɢ겻壬򷢶ԱȥȫͼԼʧǵع˳ǵĴϡ˴󺰣ɱ˹֮һ

ǵĴ֣
ԵĽѾҵĻƽ𹥱ˣԲٲ֮һƬյаǧ˵ĻƽΧһȦӣǧƽ𹥱Цеؿ֣ͬʱȴһ
˲ʪĿӣ߾ɵɵؿŶˡ
һͬ׶೤Ľվҡڣһž޴е֩뻶ĸ質Ʈȥ˺Զ͹ɷǣ
߾ң˹ʴҲŴ󺰣ݺȥʮԶ·Ȼ˴²ѽѽѽѽ
Ӿ꣬˲ЦԸ񣬿ǿİҲ̲סŶӴЦС㣬⺻ô
ֳ裬Ҳأһû书ôɵأ
߾˭˵үû书
ųıݺͣص˵ĴǾ춯أµĴ񴸣ɱͬͬ͸ɱСһ
εͷһﶯ֣ƽԵС㣬Ȼɱɱ֣ǾԳֺˣ
Ҫ
վֵָŰ㿴ӣ飬޵ͿˮղҪȥԸһ
㲻ԸȥҾԸȥӴһôЦС㣬ɱ֮𲻹죬Ҫǲ֣ĸ׺үүģ
үүҮҮ
ƺʲôɫֵЦҪǲԸץѽƾꡭ
ԣ꣡
СֿЦ˰һǣҪʽԸأ
裬֣үүүѡ
֪ɱŵö֪ԼںЩʲôˣ߾˫޵Ƕ飬ɣǹʡ
ʱ򣬹Ѿڻе֩뱳赸ûͣĸҲ૵ͳ

һεڿӿǿ죬ҲסԼĶ䣬ղҪڳһǧƽʿ
һΪ괸̺ͨɱ꣡
ΣɺѾˣҲû
գۼ䣬˰ǰ
ʱİѾɵˣʣһͷɰ͵ɺնסɱУԼпܵסˣˣ󸣹ڵˡ
ɵСӣ㲻书ôа
ͻȻһȣǹºӣ͵һ飬԰Լ书Ĵ紸
ţʶִסɣִִϺݺݵô˼¡
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
Ƶ޹ս֮ԭͨôڴ빫յĸ֮֯󣬴ˣòãкɨĮǧۻ룬к欣ϵʢ
𡭡
ĸҲһ𣬶ʱƱɫǧ֮𣬻߻ƣ


267 һ
ҲڰŸһɲǣ
ͥ䣬裡
ϸ۾һĨһ磬ŶĴ󺺻ͥ˻ʣ㵹ǹյĺöְ
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һ᳤ֵǹһץټľ̳һڣ͵ˤ˾̳
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ͬһʱ䣬֪ôΧȦĹºȻһЦ
˵ᴫһʷΪҵѧ
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ݵһ֮˰ɣ

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þúþöûмôȤĶˣЩһûȤ֣ҲһŵûеӦսĴ۾һ˷ܣݺһ֣ã͸һ
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֮ǹ߳һϣǹңָ죬󽫾Сֵܵұˣ

ϴҲ
֪ʲôʱ򣬹º˻һļôû֣ǶƤӾͰѰ
ֵ֣֧裬ֹȻøְæ˵üͷ챻ˣɻһգʲô˹գ
ҪǶ𣿡ºһЦ
˳һ
Ѿ˵ϣ
ԭ°Ҳеù壬ȴ˵ĺ͸֮ͻȻұϣʮָƤãѪעҲһ˿Ѫ˼صˣ
ǣǻ쵰
Ǹһֱſȥ˼ζûŭشޣ쵰㲻Ǻ𣿿
쵰
ǹںԼô
С۾һʶˣ͵꣬ɵĺûᣡ
ܴյҲӦ÷˰ɣ
ӷ𡭡
͵͵ˡ꾭л
һΣȻȼܵĻ棬ȻûϴôңԱġ꾭֮͵Ļ滹յƤʹңҪѳֲס֮ˣ
˵֮յ²ѷǸģǸñӵģ

УͻȻһƽͣ˳һɱ
˳ȥһڻң۾Ľӳ񵭵΢Ц
һͷƮݵɢһδĿݣǸıѧˣĺƫƫһɫףٱҲһȥǸհ躣˳ᢾʤǧ֮彫
ߵǰ޴֮ͷ֮ϣ˻ǱĿ٣Ĵݲȡ
ݵʹݣǹӢۺҲ޷󼰵ľ磡
ղŵĺ͸費
һ̸꣬˲ĺȻ̧ͷһ׺΢Ц
һ̣ȻһڵʵûʸᲢۣ˺ˡ


268 һЦ
֣λﰡ
̩ɽǰɫĴݣŵƮݵ⵭΢Ц϶˾һʷĴ
ղŸһ䣬һҹǧĳǧȻɻ꣬ҵֺα᣿
һµӣһȻеһӢ۹ڳֻʷȼʵįͳżܵı£϶ǹļּ֮һ
֣㲻˵ǰ֣ѾˣҲ˵ô
Цض
ꣿԳЦЦ˽һҹ磬ٽǧұһЦɣ
ϴ󣡡
ºĸ棬һֽ
һһЦԡ

꣺һЦ
񼶣
һȻӵй֮꣬꣬ɷ֮Ԫ񣬽Կɱ
ӻϵȫ

ģ
仯һǧﶨɽ仢֮ѼԦ꣬һЦ磬ֻΪ֮ţ
仯ɽ

ɫǧһһЦҲмհףǽеȼʣѾǿ
꣬꣬ɷ֮Ԫ񣬽Կɱ
ģһҰ𲻷ɶɱ꣡
иӻϵȫ
ζţֻҪйصȫӵУһϵ񾳽磬ҲֻһС֡ѣ
µǣѾǾߵߵȼˣ˴ﵽ֮󣬾ȻٴνٴνһЦ磬Ѿ˼˰ɣ
սȭͷĵֽˡ
ǻһǧһЦԣʼɵķĽķ裡

̾׷˳ûɵ˵Ĵ㣬˶εȤһʽҵ걻մˣδѣܲܡ
Ҿǣ˿󣬻ԲѵɺգѾɵС״̬ȻһЦǹյ꣬ǹյĵˣҰ㣬񲻳ʵ
ѽ˵ġ
Ҫ˵ˣҲǣҲû˵ͷ١
֣ЦˣЦеֽƬԣɷ𶼲𼶵껹ʲôɣ
ɨһֽƬЦȻҵԣǱ仯һǺǣһҵλ̨Ȼ֪˭ӦԹյĵȼʮ֮һûзӳڻ߱˵
ҡ޵ŤͷǰԴͼȡһ˵Ϊҵ꣬Ը˵ĺǸסˡǺǣӡվվ̸ˣ
סˣ
Ƶ˱һȻһҴĺ󱳣סļ׵ǣҵһ˴˲Զһ߲ʬĺ󱳣Ҳס˲ʬļǣһ˺һ߲ȱȫʬ壬ͨһ
ȤǣȻ߲ʬе죡
ѩ׵ȹƤ𪣬ظʣʬֻɺһȣϿһŮ˵ɣϴŵһֻСС廨Ь֤һŮˣ
ɡ
ȡ
ɣ
ⲻˮĲкô
С۾ˣ̤ЬٴˮɺһԭѾ˴ϻˣ
ʶؾˮĲкһߵĻ桭
λֵĻ̫ǿˣ򲻹
ʶʬ壿ţ˿ľϲ

С۾һתϸ˿˺ˮɵңٺһЦΪʲôҪ㣬ǹյ꣬鱨񲻳˸Լ鷳
ѧ˵Цһ䣬תߣ֣Ȼ㲻ϾˣǾûʲô˵ˣؼ

صԼڤ긮̲סЦ
̵ĹʺˣȻ﷢ˮкָͷһ㣬˫֣˫ȣɣ߿ке鶼ҵˣˣͲһԴˮƶɮܿܰ
յľ飬ֻҪõ󲿷ֵ꣬ٻһõ꣬ôʣֻҪˮɴٻ꣡
ƾˮ㻹һԴҲбɺ˰ɣ
뵽ЦĸüЦ
ϴ㻹˼ЦСĵɣºӳüһź򣬡˼Ҳû뵽յ꾹ȻˣʷϳСۣΪУζҪСıƣ
ţ֪˭һ㶡漴ȻԣԣҪû³ݣҲдԣ˵˵˭
ԶǰйأºдԣȻҲ³˵ݣ
˽һҹ磬ٽǧС۾͸ԼЦ磬רˡϴ㻹벻˭𣿡
ºŶͷȻ򣬡ɣȻ
ա
ѾͷǺ
ȵȣȻһǳȤУһ˵һ˼
֣һЦǸС۲٣ʵҲٰۺǸñӵĺǸĶҪǿ
ʣΪʲôΪ˹յ𣿡ºڨڨһЦ˵⻹򵥣㿴ӣǶӡˣ϶󽵣ټϹȷʵǸţ׾ܰΪ
ǣҲ˵
еԽԽ̵˵˼ȻѾǳǿˣΪʲôҪȥıȡˮ꣬ˮĲкסأ
뵽ºͻȻȾܣ
˳Լ˼·ȥлȻʣ
ɣˣֻ˵ˮǰ˻ҪǿҲʷĴ
֣ˣˮǱŵϻӡģһ֪ˮݣңС۾ڷŹ⣬תһ֣֣
ºûӰˡ
ϼһĺܴտ˸ͷ֪ԼҪд鷳ӦʱѾڤ긮Ĵ棬һڲסԴװ˯˼ǧ궼ûӡ
֣ʲôأЦ˹ڲҵ꣬ܵȥʵ˵ˮ˭
˵ԣڡ
˵Щûõģ㲻ˮ˵ƶɮͽ֪֪ʲôһ趼ϲ
ۣ
˵ºӳϵĴ̨ԼźݺݾһӣȻѪ¶˴ɵЦϴǲ
סˣ֣ҾͿЦ㣬㡭
º̾˿ϴ󣬲Ҳ㣬ˮ̫ˣ־д֮ϣ漰ѭ֮һһй¶̫࣬ԵÿҲ̫ˣĲ˵ˣ


269 һ㲻Ľ
ºǰδеϣ֮ϵֻ֣ᣬԴԼ³ı£²ҪǸ㣬й¶ͬǰй¶ЩǻɷԳ֣ɱҵ
ˮôֲɴ۾
ˮǿҲֻǿؼġ
º̾˿˵ǲ˵
ϴȱ˵ˣûأ
º˵֣أҲȥˮĻ⣬С۾һգЦ
ΪʲôҪȥȰƽѪץ߲ô°ĥûץߣҲҪ֤նϡ׬ͷ
Ŷ
ºӵС۾ҲϴðնȡˮɺһȰɣ
֣˵ôյ̫ˣҪģȻܳҰˮĲк
һ̯ٺ٣ͿҼҰˣ

֮ϣ
챻峤ǹſڵⳡ棬̲סЦ
ѽѽѽ˲ǹ֮ʴҲСˣҲֻ³˫߾٣ʣµĻƽ󺰣ڴˣ˭
ţӣ˶̲סꡯһЦ
Լô
һˣ紸ʵһַˮطͨŶĴ˸⹦Ȼɰ˼죬ƾظߴٶʣпܷӳ紸ô
ոǰܵģ
ֻһӣսзӳ΢΢ֵյģǱһ֮Ҵ󽫣壡
ӣеļ̲סкιղүǸ͸ˣ㲻ллô
ŶʰĹ񫣬ֵһͷ˽֮ʤλҲǾһЩģлˣ

۾ڶ졣
Ԫɨ۰ֿ˿壬ȻૣһЦ磬Ҫƾ廹ɣ˵ô£

һֱڸ̧࣬ͷƤһЦС㣬ֻǵţʲôûŶ
ѽһҪװͿôûһԸŹյүܻһЦ磡ܹյģСѾͷ
ԪЦҡͷȻӮˣɽ㻹Ҫһ䡭£ԺҪ㵯٣һЦǰ
ΪʲôѽƲƲ졣
ĵذһ£Ԫ̾˿ºоʥ۾תΪǧһЦҲľڹڡ£ġΪҲסˣףڻǡΪʱһ¶ô죿
Ҫѧ꣬Ҫ㣡
Ŷ
²Ըؾ죬ָ΢вԾ¶һɻȻƵɱ֮Ȼܲġ
ã²ŵ飬ͷðɣˣԺΪˡһЦС껹ûжµҲһס
ţҵĺá
ϣλŮ˵ʲôأ
ôлڵϸװܵŻǣҿɶŶ
㶼ˣɫһ䡣
ղ˵ĿɶǴܣȻȫС۾ļһȥˡ
Ҫɵô
¸Ԫһѯʵ
ԪŲæЦʵĶˣ
һֶ䣡թһ
ã㶼ˣҳϡ
ԪȻ˵оƺв¥ļ󣬡ǧﶨɽڶ¥Ц룬ҲƱ캧ˡյļ֣ĳ˲֪ǻԸӭսǻʱƣΪıһأ
˵һĪĻԪŤͷһЦȻ㶼ˣǾ͸ҽһλɣ


װˣûף
ԪȻһЦһɨڻĲɫͣƬ̣ȻŤͷȥ
һƳԪųݵĿȺ͡

ʱҡҡλεпһȦݺݵصһ£Ȼк壬Ұˣ㻹ڣץסӰ
ЦһֻҪҶһҪٿ籩Ĳǹ
㻹ǻƽ֮һأȻôû
ָŰȵʿǣҳ壬ʵûжı£һ˿϶ץס
˭Ҷ
ʿǸҪ棬˫һǹȻֳ˫ǹһǹָ죬һǹڰؿڣ˵ұˣ˭ǰ
һ֮ǧ
壬ҪƽѪΪôü
һԣȻһЦ
ԪС㣡
Ԫ£飬ƽʥ˽
ҼСʲô𣿡ºԴûѽǾǵ٣衭УˣǶʥҲ᲻׼ǳɣȻͷŶ˼ˣԪСүлȥɲУүСĿ䣬ҪʱæȴСأ
ԪС㡭
ȣ
ۿսһͻȻλ֣λŮ𳳣𳳣˵仰𣿡
ٺ٣Сʱ;ԪСıţǸСԱɣ
򵥽Լױ֮ݣЦеس̯֣һҪץסˣ첻ץҲ붢Ȼû˾û˵ɣ
Ȼͷ
ôүأ
Цү֪˵ʲôӴߵġһ£ԪСıţҲһȥ¥һү춼֪߸裬ҲǱؿѺ֣Ҳ˺Ժ飬͵ȸĴ٣ôȥϺˣ
ڱţ
ʲôƨ⣿
ҪںͻȻһ
ȵȣƺһ⣬ˣԼֲƴǴˡֻȥʥһᴦԼģȿԼӣҲȥӵ
ã˵ͷӦ
ٺһЦӦˣԪСأ
һ壬ԪЦүѵһ֪Ȼүһӣ
ͳˣ
һ˼·նȻڶ治ԶǱƹһԪҪ;ձݣ·Ҫ߰ˡ
ס޵ʱ򣬰סһ͹һһңذǸΧЦܵԺϷõȺ֮лˡ໣໣໡ش
Х±ǳ˭ҲûһǽУں˯İһµ
ǴүĽ
Хү˵үݻױˣ㿴ǸСӾǡڣүйһˣǹյ̫Ҫȡ
һţķϷų˷ܵ͹⡣
໡
һɤǽУ˼ǻӦүͷİɣڣһõǶ
ʲôأ屻ˡ
ŶҮ
ͻȻ´ץݺ£ŵؿͻȻԴ󷢣үҹ˯ߣһ𳪸ɣ


270 ȱ£߯ȱˣ
ɫ£ԪӪԵô񾲣ˬڻشҹĹűʳԶ
ʱ賿㡭
𣡣
䣡
ҷΣ
ҷŵ
үǵʱ̡
ʼ
ƽһףڷ
ǵʵڲ֮ܳΪ裬ڱôһӾʹݶֱϾȻһըƵغ˷Բʮ֮ڣӪض˲Ҳ̶õ
ˣ
Ǿﳪ費񫣬һӣ˷ţĴ嵽Ӫ룬Ȼ߾˫
ҲŰ˳һץŹ٣һŰǹͷһվٹڼϣǹͷңŰŸ裡
ǸմֻһСõģ
ѽò˯
´˯´˳ﻹԼͷĺ棬ӪصƺƵس˳еͨ죬еҧгݣм˴̵
մش·һ°ͣϣ⵹һµʽ
ү˰ɣ
ԪҲһش˳峪壬ǿһЦЦү賿㣬ԱѾˣ
ǺǣԪС㣬֪ѵãʧ̬ˣ
ҲԼЩˣǸصͷŰ߻ûŵҡ
ǻˣ߷棬պͬʱ˿
ڰһɲǣա䡯ؾʹӴѾĸˣ̺ʲôǲ״̬е磬շ
ȥ֮󣬹Ȼ˴ϣûмѪɫСӲ԰ˡ
һЦ״̬Ҳôһڣͻʱɢ٣
񾭲ѾԪȥˣȻտɾҪأ
ţձ۽룬Ȼǿڲ࣬ɲ˯̤ʵˡ
ڹտʼʱ
ү
ִӴδ죬ҹѰӢߣǼɣ

еԥѾҺù٣ǹͷɷ˵˳ȥҺáҷһ׽ǣһ𳪺𣡣
ռһӾ
񾭲ô
ȥɱˣ챻ֻܵӡ
Ҳ뵽ͷ˯ɤ𽫾󣬾Ҳ˯Ű
ҳǵˣֻ֮һսĿܣҲòٴεǿٴμǿ˷
룬ٴαԪ˻ȥ
ʮֿ֣ų˳ʷ
ֵܣŴĺ𣿡
үֵηģжѪԣҲǼǾģɣɣǳ죬ǹؾչ
緢عЦ

磬ҷ
賿ӣڰ˴γ˳ŭ𣬡үӭųɣ
𣬹ŴӴѾѪɫѾֽͬļѾʹز̫ȱˣ񾭲̫ȱˡ磬ѽʲô취쵰
ߣɽ
С۵˵д˳͸żҲѾƣˡ
취˵վϲ
ϲߣһ֮
ʲô취ɱ־ˣүүŹ
Ǿвߣ죬ӪأٶȻɱʣ
㱿ƿˣҲ˵ʲôɱʣ
Ұ۲˹ʵ·ֻҪ˵һ֮ڱض
ѽҲҪҪ취Ѿûմ޴֣󱿵˵취
һ˵һĨȵķŭ
ܿƽľ²ߣͷ˯
ʲôƨ취մŭ˯ˣһǳûɱô죡
ͷģǾɱ
Щ޷̹յĵˣһ룬Ϊʲôʱ򳪸裬ƫƫһЩ׳ҵľ衭һ룬Ҫɱ㣬ΪʲôᱻԪȥ˴֮ࣿһĨҸ㣬ĳ˵ĺı֮ƣǾҪľۿҵĻ
Ц˵Сֻâ񣬵ǳˣֹˣͻȻһضһսɣûݱһʱĳǸҲ̳ȥɱһֲԵƽݼ˿ɵҧҧһûƵҲ֮֮Ƿϣĺı֮ƶѣǸɱ
㡭
γ̾ܣսȣǣűߣ˼ҵĽ֮
һͶأ
ûðĹյϿ˵ĻֻҪûˣˮҲֿɵˣ
һ۾ͿС̣취ʣСգ
ǡ
һ仰˺Ͱ𣬲ܲ뵽ܲڵĹգ˵ƶϣͣѽѽô£磬ӹȻã
ǿ¶һЦ⣬ߣѡһߣ
ڨڨһЦİ취Ȼɶģһأ˰֣ǻϰ취ǿɣ
˵Цݽסˣ
磬Ҫڷٴұ

ε̾˿˵ԼʣĻͬʱҲһЦ
˲ã˲ɡգȻҵĻֺαЧ
֣ƾһ˿˿եɣ૵һ˵֣ң뵱ֳ꣬ǧﶨɽС̸Цǧ仢칭ӱɨʮһݣǺεȿⰡϧǧתֳӢ겻ڣҲСҲֻÿాˡ
֣Ӣڰ
ߺįӢ۲ı
̾Լһӹ֮ʱ򣬰Ѿ˽ڻӣҵ
ү֪˭ǽǣ£ֶأ
ǿĵشЦȻſڵغޣǣǰҲ˶а̡үþȾȰ

ǰչصɫ÷ǳء


271 ͻԪ

īҵʱһ֣ʮҲҰ˽һ¡νˣһԴʮ֯ƽΪӴݣΪƽѪ岢׻ѪǵּǣƷƽѪ壬ԼƽѪһֲַĴӣָ׻ͳ
ʮ˵ʮλ䣡
һ̸֯ʲôԣ޷ǽ׻ͳıȨˣɷϣ׻ͳĸֻкܴĺģ˾ֵķݺϾݶȹ̵ĸݵء
˵ĴսѾӵϵľӣԪǿʮ⻹սӡ
ôͼˣ
εָŰȻڱݵҹңڶɱ˹죬ûдݻƽѪĸ棬ɱɱ٣ûֵĵزһ˳ϹϵǾǻʵ췴ɣƽѪ岻ݵĵˣĳǶҪɱɾģ
үҲ밡޵ү֮þңֻʣ죬Сˣ
ֻô
ջû֮ڣԼ϶Ҳһƥ˵ҩʦ룬Ψһİ취ǸϽˮĺǣգö⣬ݺݵطԸҪԼͱ뾡ҵõˮĺǡȥڿʼҹһʮСʱظڹգţѹڵԽңĻԽ󣡡
үͷİɣѾͷ
¹ԼСҲĺӣ໺ų˳ȥ
һǰĺԳ
ĿͰ뿪ȡǿڵԴأõĴӡ
װŴӴȳı˵ǺҺû֮󣬾ˣõָˮһıҳһЩⶾҩòˡ
ףǡ
ڴӵײ㷭˷ûҵҩһµĹ䡣һӣ֣ݶߣͷһЩ侫ɵ칤ߣڹ滹ѹһĹżŷұס
Ůⶫкסڸڵİޡ
ǡѽﾹȻⶫǺץŷұס˻Σŷұµؼľĸ߼ͼֽӦоУ
⻹йϵһ㶡
ȻˣͻرһеûлĶ͵ڷĴʦҲɸΪ֮أЦЦڵʵѧһѧⶫıвٵİأ
˰޵˼⡶ŷұסԼ书·ʵĽѧһѧһЩԭЩôġ
תһ룬ԼѾѺԪ۷˳ˣҪһչԪ¶ΣǾ⡶ŷұסеļˣ
°ӦҽţǸʺˮ¶Ѩˮеأ
Ǳˮеʱּڰߵ̽죬ӺڻƵͼӦþǰǼˡðƲϵҲûǣֱ굽˶Ѩ档
ʮ֧ģߣơ
ŷұסϵлڣûȤѡʺԼļ
һǡ˼壬ԭϵİ취еתʽֻҪԼӸı䣬ܰЧԪ
ǡȻﵽ̶ֳȣҲ˽һ»ٱʦ⡭⣬һ˻ػī꣬ҲҵһЩͬԣڱ˼ҵ⺺
ĵļڡܡҲ۸ԭϣǱΪʺ̬һʮֺļɣһ֣ȥߴݼ
еתʽûԪһ˿γһɫš
˴ǬܵĻɣֻת˼תͽеȫոɾֻʣ
ð취ϴǬᴿٶȾȻһ࣡С۾һšŷұסȥڶˮǧҪתΪյҺ̬ٺ٣Ǻǧõ·ʺһ֣
̫ͼĴǬĻ̱Ǻǧõ¹⣬ֻâת˼ȦԪ͵һһתΪСҺ̬
ɫҺȥûද֣ϵͳͰҺеȫա
ͬʱϵĺԪ֮УȻ˼ɫĹ㣡
ȻȻǺö
˾˳ȡһԪ
ȥʣ
ΪҺ̬
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˵һ޾Ĵ󱦲أáŷұסھ򱦲صһһŵԼϵɫҲԽԽŨ
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֮ĺɫѾһת˵ɫںɫƽʱ򣬺ɫȴԸعĶƺɫռĵˡ
㲻Ϳô
ǹһЦ˫һȡһűԼҪߴ󼸷ֵȻ߾ǬǺǧõȫŷͷγһ̫ͼ
̫ͼһ޵׵УɿȻתΪҺ̬
ʮ֣ڻ꣡
һڽҺ̬ȫУϵɫâҲƺõǿԮһӱŷȫѹ˺ɫĹâ
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أƮڿϣǲżʵĴأһߴȥ
鲽
ԪڵĶűǣ
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˷ܵشһֱӲſɵ⣬Ȼָˮһͷĺˮ߹ɢѳһ޴ķ϶ǹպס
Ԫڵľô鲽ּ䣬Ķˣһˮ£ԼǱ˶Ѩ֮С
ʣһ죬㹻ʱȥһЩ顭
磬꾭
ǰεĽһ·꾭һ㶼ʵʱʱڣѾͻΪԪڣǡ꾭ҲӦá
ϴ󣬿ڤ긮ˣ
ţд˹ºӵĴС
Цһɿʱ䣬ûվȣ͸оһҡضڤ긮ƺ˴һ
긮еı仯;ýһ˶һأͷһԭ˫űˣһӣСȵȣظ֫ͷ­ڣȫžžˣ
̼䣬
ȴһůһɽɫĹââſ¶һƷ̨һ⻤壬ɮԣһ
꾭㣬࣬ҲΪô


272 꾭أߣ
ֵͬʱߵĸҲСĸССӡ
ҲȻȻ֮仯϶һӲӵķ⣬ͷȴһƬССĺƣǷֿĻǣҲڱӺǵߡ
ҲһӣȻǡ꾭֮Ҳٻһ꣡
꾭أԣͷ䣬⸿ӡ
ҲһȫµӡȻ˽Եã꾭أ֪ģٿصٿأƶɮԽսô
ٿʲô
еͷˡ
꾭֮Բٿ壬ܲļﰡͺ̨ںˣǻҶûʣ£ձʬңûԡɵʬ廹ɽţҲֻʣ˷绯òĹͷӣºӵһЩʬأҲǴᣬ㲻һĺˡ
ҲǴȹ֬ڴ尡
սһߣ
ʦôƶɮһûõ
εҡͷһɢΧڷׯ֮У⵽ڤ긮Ҳòһˡ
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ȻſڵĿռ䣬ֻķŻܡ
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Ĩ˰۽ǣЦض˶ʮżϣǰСӡ
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Ϊһ֮˽һ֮ĸɱ£
ڣһǧ꣡

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ڣһΪĹ仯̨һǧ꣬꣡

ٷҳǶյĻ
ˣգ
һŮɸǧ꣡
ɱҾɱ¾Ϊ꣡
ڣﲢǧ꣡

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ȻĿǰҪľǹϵļˣԽԽһˡ
Ȥǣÿ˶ڵģڽ֮ǾͿԳҲ뿪ô⣬زƺȨ˼̵ģǲдӣܸǼڣֱӷǳ
Уֻʣˣһǳѵܻ壬Ϊô
һðܶʣ˼˫Ҳʶؼᡭ֮Ӧþǹº˰ɣ
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ô򵥣˹°ͣŴǧ꣬й¶ķˮʦȥˣôһˡ
ϴ㾿﷢ʲôˣ
ûʲôȻѻй¶ˣĹºӼ̾˿ûʲôҾһ䣬Ժû±ȥϹתˣһɷǿû˵ĺǣĪаɷɱ㶼ǲҪɵģȥҽڵģ

ڤ긣ûмڻصš
ոսԪ¶ξҪʱȹ̣ûջȥҹգǵűĻսȺŹô
һ죬ˮоĻӦãڽĹյһԼ˼СȻڶѨﱿֱŵװ
Ȼһʱ䣬װʲôĻսǿһԶ磬Զˮţд˵еļľţԼеغٺһЦˣ
صŵʱԪıݶѾ˳ƶ֮ʮĵطںӪϢ
ƽｫӪΧסûյɱԵúãȻ
վڻƽǰ棬ҪȥŻе֩룬ŭָ죬죬㲻
С㣬첻壬ֻÿ彻֣ĳѾľƣٲߣҪ󶫸ʥ˵ĴˣεҡҡͷС㣬Ȱ㻹Ǹһ߰ɣȥҶҪˣ
ҲܣҲҡأԴ޴֣ѾʸؼԮȥүүܿͻϹԮ
ϣ첻Сôˣ˺üȦûɫԦսûأһ޹ش˹ԶŸİ۾һһɫ


273 ǰܼԦ
Լ֮ǣ⼸켸óһȱµķڹգ
һ죬賿㿪ʼ裬˾ְϢ֤һʮСʱ֮ڶи˵ڶ賿ʵڳˣɴӱݶӵĲֿ˴ӣսģļӹĺȫŵĸ٣ʲôʲôȻһԵذᵽǰ
˴գ鳵ûˣҲðһµ⣬ү裬ֵѪڣǾݰɣ
Ƭ֮󣬱ŵǶսףúñ׷ӹյǰܹ
ձڵԺʱ䶼ûˣ峿Ŷķ䣬æ䣬Լ˯һϸ
Ϣô
ð˵ڶ⣬үպգʿңǵѪѾˣʵսɣ
ֳֳ֮ǹս죬˵дһ֤ɱҪ컹ҳӦսǿɾ˵Ĺˡ
첻Ը߳ٴηŸ裬ŵøҪϲĹռ˿ӡ
ʵ˵˼죬˶ڹιˣɣƽѪ彾裬ǲģܶ˶Ὺĵģ
˼Ԫһֻ۱һֻ۵صʲôûзȥˣдһҹ۵ƿڴһᣬſ˻ȥ˯ǣǺˣ
˵꣬ҲʲôκˣҪض¥
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Ҳƺ˵үⶼһˣҲۿˣְɣȻû
𼱣û˵Ԯܿͻô
ͬĽС۾һգһգƺ˵ӹҲȥˣ취ߣסһҪԮ֮ǰ
үһ
һȻ񣬰ȥк壬ָ鷳
ƺǵĵͼ˿ǰ˵õŵͼӪǰ¥ܹ·һźߵĴ·һǴӺȥˮ·
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УҪʼƹյôڲİȻһЦ
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ʮӺ󣬰峪ɱԵľ裬˹ļƣжֵ˼ˣɴඪ¹תߣչԮֻÿ˼ò뿪Ӫء

ƽǰɿرۣܿûӰӣնغĴ·ϣ÷߷
죬㲻ԪҲǴ쵰ҧǵţʸүүһǳƤ
㣬磬ҲǴ󱿵ˣץ٣Լ꣡
Ԥϵأ˲ûлӦ
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գ
Ҳ޷̹յ޴ˣƿڵ㻹ǲҵĻôҹŲţϸҿĵΣϣ
Ϊʲôѽ·Ѿʮ顭
ȻԸ濴һΧһƬ֣Ǵ涼ïܵڵˣԶľ󣬶ּ·֮ϣʮӣΧĵġ
֣һͨյ߿Ƭ֣˼ˮ·˲ôһ·ϲضеˮֵ֣ٴҲܴӿ¥ĶҲǳ桭ôֻʣ˱
˵ţùԱԼȵɣһ
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˳Ȼһ֣֣տ϶һ԰ģң
Ѿ˵ӣɫҲױȫ޳צһ׶೤
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ɣ
ͷðһ˿˿亹ûģŪˮĲкȻá꾭ɱһЦ硭һЦʵһ仰͵˼
ιǵ˵ʲôʲôӡʲôش
֣ЩͬضŹ٣ܻᣬûи߹գ
ô˿ЦҪҵҲ˵Ҳȫ֧ҵľϧǣ˵ˣҲšˣ˵ϻˣѾдԮˣʱ䣬ô
Ǿɣսѣ
˷Ц
ͷ֣һĹ·
˵ţ̤գշɵ˹յͷצ
Ƕǻ쵰ۿ㲻ȥˣһϵĻع䣬ֻССĻе֩˳
һԭǹҵǿʽ֮һ֩СжأȾ˾綾ֻҪʩչͻֵĶܵٿҲᱻסȻ֩˺ҧǣ⼸챻ڵʽҲֻʣһɣ
ƲƲ죬צСĴָڷ֩һ㣬žžžе֩ɢ
ѧϰĻȻƲϸ֣Ҳƽ֮Ļе֩룡
㣬͵ѧǼҵĻ
ճһ֪Լ״̬Ǿκε˵ˣصһĹ٣磬У괸
һô
һЦͬʱҲ彻ٿأԼ硣

ܵĻ̤һƷ̨һԡӰ㴩һ֮У׽˹յ귶ΧȻ𣬴ڸա
ˮƶɮؼˣ


274 ѣ
У̧ͷķһ˿죬漴ƽ
ĳ͸֧ߵĻѾ࣬ٵ˫ԵݹᾣݵУҲ͸޷ε˥ľؿȻ˫ֺݺһңղ㾹Ȼܹˣɱңûôף
˵ţ˫·ɣһ
Ųæ˫һ̨ߵ÷Ȼץ̨ƣ͵ؽ䡣

̨˷Ψû˵̨
֣ѾֵزҪô
ٺһЦ˱־Ҫȥץϵϵķӡҡ
ͻȻ֮䣡
٣ץߵĳ־һ÷ɿ죬ҲһƤ˹ȥϹγǳǳһ˿ڡ
˽֪ұԣм֪ҽ
˵ЦվһֳֽһԼķӡң̫͹ˣҵɽбô
˵ţֱһɢĽӰȫУ
æֵ̨һ߰ʮҲ˱߰ʮصԼڤ긮ǰ
ɣ
ЦĽҲôô
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Ҫ֪Ȼ˾ľǽڣ֮ڰ
ϴ󣬱֣ǸĶ˶ºӴӻ긮̽ͷЦеκǣ˶գǸʱˣʫ飬֣䣬ܶ඼м书ģٺ٣˵Ľº͹ص֮ǰֵһɹѧįĽ죬ҲĽˣ
ɣ
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ⲻǸ˵𣿡ºӺٺһЦϴæǴֻܿԼˡ֧ͣ㣡
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˱ƵԼǰҲȥˣ̨󴸻迪ƴӲ˼ʮƣ˵ĽȻһ䣬Ŵݱð磬գۼְѹ·磬Ҫһ׸ӡв㣬Ѿˣ
ִʮУ˺ȻˬһЦСһٽһԣ
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˼䣬ºӺٺٵļЦϴͿˣҡͷ̾һսʮþȣΪ֪˻˵Ĺؼ͵͵ûᣬ㻹ûҵؼ
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ȻϵظԼУлһ˿мȻ󡭡š;һǵصɱӱӿ˳ֻԼһסˣʱпܱ˺ҧ
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ң뵱꣬սԼҪϯ䰵ɱĳ˵ʱƺҲֹһɱ
ѵǡ
Ҳˣ
͵Ťͷֻһ׳Ӱᵶ΢΢з죬Բüġ
ʲô
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ֵһٶལǱ˴̴˫磬ҪûС꾭Ѿˣһ֣һɱִУֵضûУ
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ͷ֮ɢĳ˳ǷʩȻԼѾϵķӡңȻҽ˷ӡҪ뿪ô
Ӣй鴦գ䲻㣡񽫰ȻȥһܹԦߣգĳȡͷ
ȻƬ̣֣ؾϹ壬ĳ
˵꣬һὣһŹ٣Ȼȥ
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ļˣʷǳġɡԼ˺õû˵Եǵ󶾿̱ʲôжʹó뿪һҵܹԦİհ
֣һǧˣһƢ𣿵ΪƢ˶ˣ˶˵Ѫҵ˽죬ô
ۿǿѣĽѵ񽫼䣬ǻûأȻѹƶɮ˵ʲô񽫿ǳİɣû˿ġ
Ҳˣ
Σ
񽫵ĵ͵ƽʺĿһ˿ĳ£Сָָ㣬ͬΪıĳȥҲ
˵ᵶߣ
ɣ
ʷϵĴȻûһӦģæ׷Ц֣˵ģҲôһ˵㻹ˣ
ԽԽ졣
ҪȥɣŲɫһ֣ɫҪߣ˵䣡
ӷǧƶɮ
ɫһڣͶ˳أ˲ɫϣĳҪȥ˵Īǵĳҵĵ治
ʦҲסҲҪɱɫŵö
ݺһĹͷյԼһ֪ͣñƢԼ˵Щʲô
񽫸ߣԼǿˣ
ڰţ֮ͻȻһͬ˵Ĵѣֺ̺ȻƥѪľ㲣´ƾִƵţһһΪڵľȻ
١
񽫺ȻͣŲĿһĨϲţߣˣ


275 ˵
˭ڵ٣
ҲԼֻˣٿͿҪеĹգе˵ٰ
֣˭ˣûĿȨ

ԵЩơ
ƴɱʱֻоͲ˹յĻս֮У
һһֻ޴צҪժ߹յԴʱƬֵľ˹ʮٲס˫ţŴֽװ˼ټϰҲ

нһϵĴЦ
ЦĹ£ϵĽʯҲɿգۼͱһ档
һЦǣ
ѾĿĹնЦϤˣ޵үүȾŮ
ɫһ䣬ҲЦĺ壬ǻʼ꣬һЦǣ

꣺һЦ
ʼ
һЦ߶սж죬սٶȱж졣
깥
仯һֻأ
仯ɽΪʥЦ˻Ϊ𼶣ǡ

յԮˣһǹҵĵԪ۷壬
üͷԪ֮ʵҲﵽԪ¶Σ潻棬ӮҲƾȫˣҪǣһЦǸ깥ȱһǣ

һˣСݸɣмϡɽʱпûס֮һֱȴץ˽ٶĻշ˳
үүɱ쵰տŴ󺰡
գһжүүϢһ󣡡ʾ͸ڹʹزδޣԼүүһɣСӣһûյĹϵҪе̫ȣ
ʶʱεЦ
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һָ֮ڲٿСһᣬѾԪ¶ˣƵЦͳǱ첻ɱ㣬ҹҾͻĺ󻼣
ЦһЦ
ǹеɱ˷ʽסˣȻЦѵ˸Ц

̶ЦԺ͵һ飬˼άرˣĿˮۿҪ˻ΪɵСˣ
һӢ޾壬Ҫǰ̬¶ſˮ
˺ѺԪڵ

ʱһһ㲣ţһݾϹѵľȻ
ûʲôرĵطҲֻǺѣ˹Ķ֮ɫȻһ棬㱼ƺյĴĻʼֿЦһѹƵĿ־ӣһ򡭡
ɱˣȻԼĺܲң

ôָоֻǿߵɱа
һͼɱҲȻһ䣬ɱ֮ڶƬ̣ˣʮ궼ûгֹĿ־壬ҧҧץתߣ
ʧ֮Уٴα仯ңһҵ̾Ϣ
ѭȥƳһϤҲİӰڷɿȥ

Уı仯񽫺Ȼ΢΢һЦ
һοЦݣϣ
֣ӰЦеػص磬˭ڵ٣ٺ٣һСѾͷҵĲʦɣ
񽫳ĬƬ̣ͷˣĳҲƽϣ
˵꣬ص˲ɫֵָǧ걾ɫ
ղŻʢŭΪ뿪ԼɫҶôһ񽫾ʵأ
֣֪ô𣿡ȥ񽫣һˮĺǰڤ긣һѯʰæĹºӣǲʲôرģ
˲ΰˣȫ֪ȫܣº°ͣţشȻҲ֪񽫺֮Ĺϵ
ǾֻúƤȥʱˣ
غˮĺǣЦػصʵ磬һϵˣص˱ŵӪſڣϰԵضżϡ
һһž޴Ĺ˹ָΪҹȣճСС˿ڣһߣһ˿еѪԵúǿɰ
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278 ɽϻƴ1
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һӣʮϣ̵ĺ仰˵̫ˣһϸʦһӾ͹ˣ


279 ɽϻƴ2
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վſڣ˽ʱȻ·һѹĻΪѹڳԼ˵ʱһЦ
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281 蹷

ƫ˳ԪĻױϣԾɢ磬ϵأһŽƲС΢΢һ̵ӣģȻԼЩģԹ˺СǵɱȴģʮСܿΧ
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282 ķ蹷
ƽһΣԪ˵һ˿ų
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ڱż̵ʱһĹܼҿ첽סԪǸҼҿ޳߲ίҸС˵һ䡭СǳĿˣȴڳǰ裬ĻͲ˵ˣõõ޳ĵطС㾡ܿڣ
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ѵµҪ㲼ͱѧͣ˼ȣһŵȥ˻ƽĵѣΪ˶ʥյĻƽ쳪ߣƽĳˡǰ꣬Ļ̫һЦ¹֡һʮ꣬н鲼ݵ̾˿ѽⶫţһ죬ᷢѱ鲼ݵĺô
»Щ޵ƲƲ졣
Ԫ˵ǲҹͬɲΪֺһסѣ±˵þƵĶ
⵽ɫԪԳЦЦ߶һ仰
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ĵһݣǰݳᣬԪ¸ٰ࣬Ϊŵһţ赸ӸԪֳ裬Ҹ質֡
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ӶûеץˣΪ˲̨϶ˣֻ£ѧ赸
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ģȷߺ޵òԪԲһ˸ƻˣţֻҪСһ̨ܳĺûǾ͸ͷ壬һҪ̨ȥߣȥǾ̨̳ѳ˹ԪҾ

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˵ϻҰһ̨λã°ͣҪһԱ̨רõ۹ëڲķڷߺߣǻƽʫĳԱõĸ֮һôݺݵ˵ҪԸë԰̨ȥ
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284 ߵ˹Ϊ֮㵹2
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ڲҪϸ˵ˣЩܹ֣һΪ衯ֶӺ࣬ӪŲʮ֮¾ٵıգڶǰ𼧣һǧŵ¸裬ðԪǧضĳ档
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ĴҲֵĻᣬѵƶɮҪô
ţ޹ЦŴӹ˳£ĩɸһǳȤСȻⲻԪСԱô¸˹
ˣһ쵰һӶ
Ƚղŵ齲һ飬Ҫ쵰ѾԪȡƽ쳪ߵĵλˣĻ쵰
һͷƤСѣα޺ǺһЦͻûɺѪڣȻĩãûпˡ
˵ţްסѪڳԴ
֣֣
ٵȥǱ̻³˫ֿסʮҪȥӭսޣǣЩͣ뷨׶εʱ򣬼Ѿһ˿ϣƿڴ۵ĹޱĴҪɱɱˣαشؼ
ޱһ㶣ƽѪи߲ԱγһԣֻҪȲģǾɱ˺ģȻ蹷ֵȫҶðԸղһȵ޾ʶĳ֣һȲӰ

ûԴɬصͷ˼ȥӡ
Ѿͷôˣ
ﷺŨŨƣȻûƴʱҲװɵ۲ȥ
£㲻ɱˣĪ롭̽
ɬһЦȻɶ񣬲質ĻǲһŸ֮ʱԼãˣ֯һζȴˣҪʦ
ʲô
ͳһ˿ͼĻƤΪʦĹݰҪʦƽѪڲܻҹ͢ʲôּҶҵ
ž
û˵꣬һ˿ϣ£Ҫ̵𣿡
ߣϹӣļǻƤȥһ˵ĸΣݴ½ּҲ٣бᳪ𣿡ָɰ󣬽̬ƺݴ½ˣôˣӽ˾ǱֽʦƽʦܻҵĹ͢ƣ
޵ǳ˳顭
Ȼĵس˹֣ƴˣ⽫ˣ
ô£ûӦǰһӻǵķ²һӣͳʲô͢ƣ
˵ְһ׬ӣ


287 ƽʢ
ҪһϷ͢ƣݣҶ˵ʲôˣ
֮󣬿תߣȻάſ鴤ǣԸڱǳ⼧ȵľ
͢ʲôְλ
ܻҵɷдţ͢ƣҳԱĽвıߣְ𡭡˵ˣһʼҴѧĽڣһ־Ӳıٵְ񣬻ûʵȨ
ǰƷ٣ȹʦȨ÷
һ̫ǡӣ̫Ĺְ˰ɣܹҲֻƷǹȨ㳯ҰһƷҲǰ̫жٸˣְ󣬵λҪرĻƽҲ׵
£˵ι͢ƣһͷƤſҿͷϣ
֣
֣
蹷һĺ֣
վס޸˼Ⱦ˳غס
кηԸɫת
ʦְ񣬱Ѿźˣ͢һְ˵дһžʵƽʦ˵үү˵ҪƼһȥɽ٣λϵĴѪƽѪƼһˣǾˣϸдһƼţ

Ƽⶫǲдģһдˣպ˴ҲҪǣ
㲻Ըдôȵüëޣһݣֻ⹫ߵһױźūţ˵˾û˽ĵλŲţҲдƼţ͸ҸдһţƳְλ
޿ЦһǸֽʡ
ǲ蹷ģ蹷󣬻վһûǵĸ
ң뵱꣬ҹΪƽ֮һɾΪСµ˼裬ͱݺƽѪ塭ֱȥ깫𣬹ҲʸعɽҾǻˣҲûյ磬ҵĵλǱڵļȡ
Ҫǵ˼ȣǵ˼裬³϶ȹһҪң
ܿ죬޾дƼţָſհ׵ʵ֪ƴ˵մ

һֱڿ֣ЦĶӷʹˣԣ
֮ǰڶݾһС䣬һҲûʲô˼ȵƼ֮󣬻ƽ߲Ʊؿʼݣδ뵽ݵĳһȽϺá
ԣ֣
ҧأƼдļ
ߣǹūţ
ЦһȥдƼţȻкͿ߽˹ΪףʦޣƺǴ죡
ǡűӻش
ȵĺЧʣߵ˵ʮ׻ǾͶŲ롣
һɹֵֹζ
ζ
ɨ۾ϵĲɫըŹǣն⣬ļĲһϿ򵥵ЩϼȵĹݣǿѰϰնܳԵĲȣ޵۾ȴ
ʢдпڸˣ촽ػû˺ӡ
ȵɫȽ䵭ޣʦûأ㼱ʲôЦкʦΪ˹͢ƣҲǻƽѪĹԱˣѧ׼˻ƽʢ硭ɽ֮ܳԵĺöŶ
ôĲһʢ磿Ʋ˿ӡ
ʱ
ӷɮѣҪ´ＱæһζԣһԱǧźޣ
һƣһˮճɢŵζѪ
ٿϵĲһȻˣǡ
ʦϾݵǿ֮һ𣡣ЦԪ¶ΣΪ⹫ɳ˾ŵɱ֣Űѻܻԭ׼׸үүģүүң͸أ
Ȼʲôƽʢ硯ˣ
ԭƽѪĳˣҳԵʵԽǿԽҫ
ļȣ
һԪǿߣȻһӲˣ
ţҲ˾ݴ½Ϊʲô֯ˣϵĻſްĳԼ˽ҸͶƷƽѪĳ嶯
Ȼ޴ڿǰ䣬סˣޣȣֻҪлᣬƶɮһɱ
ʦȿɫԡ
ǻƤƤľݰգûʶƽʢ磬Ȼ᲻ˣ޽ӹļƴˣҲǻƽԱˣҾͲ˵ĻԻƽʢ磬ǿ㣬ӣԼڣȻǻƽѪͲ㵱Լˣ
֮⣬һٻƽʢͶ״˲ܵõΣԣҪƵĹλҲΣա
֪ǣƽѪһĵǱ򣬾ĳԱһٻƽʢ磡
˻ƽʢ磬͵ԾڻƤ׻ѪһһƽѪˡ
ԣ
ǲԣ
Цеżȣ£ƽʢʵ޸ܣҪǸģ
ҪͻȻ𣬰ĺףԴѹ˲ϡСһѾߵһ㻹뷴ôƽѪʳϰǾɽܣ㿴ˣֻѡһǳȥΪǵһԱȥǳԵ
ϣ˵ġа˼Ҫ
ޣҷ֣
ͻȻһ
һʧǲûзŭҲûӡеĽ裬˵ʦԣԾˡˣѾ糷ȥһϯ˵ɨһۿޣޣʦûгԻƽʢ飬㿴ˣ֪ô˵𣿡
޳׾ˣ
ȸٰʦ˵Ѫĺ֮٣ȻԻƽʢ硭ƽʢͶ״漰ƽѪĴ棬ٷҲӦ
Ūȵ˼޽סµŭӣͷĩסƳ˻ƽʢ磬ڴڳԵģûʣ£
ţȻ˻֣ȥʢ磬͸ˣ
磬˶ЩɺƽʢŪһθڶûУ˼ƣԼֿκˡһ磬Ҫȥ¥Ĺر
Խ͵⣬ıӰ˼̾˿
Сĩ˵䲻˵ĻǲǶ̫һЩٰʦҲˣǻƽʢ硭ҾɽسԻƽʢ磬ڶµĹأΪȻڵĹضƻˣ
ңҲ֪Ϊʲô
ʹĶͷ첽ҡ
治֪ԼΪʲôĸ֮ðһоһĲᡣĸоͷȾͲȥ˺һҪĵĳ嶯
ζΪ


288 ̣1
żȵıӰüͷ
ظоСЩԣһղŵĳ棬ûԻƽʢ磬ҶԻƽʢֳķС
һΣյźš
ΪƽԼЩʲô֤Եģ
ƣ
޼󲽾׷Цɫ磬ƴȤĩϼ𣿡
֣賿밡ô˵ĺЦеɣҹҵĴүȥأ
˷ģҹүȥк
޲ĻᣬץסֱۣһڵСͬ˶¥һС档
¥ޣʮ֮ڶΪ˽ֻоƽѪ˲ӪҵСԭǱˣֻʣ¼ӣ̳Ҿơ
֣ʲô
ʱСƫƧס˼Ҳڰ˾Ű֮⣬ڲָԶж¥ϵľ޴ţҪɱʮĶûܷʬ壡
ϵܱ£ǹǰĴˣһܺ㲻ɣ
޲̲ЦЦкھǰȻʽûϵעǹ͢ˣҲòһ䡭Ϊ͢ƣϵأ
͸˼Цǹ˵ĻһǹҪһɣ
˵Щģ޲õһ֣ϵҪףǰͼҵļūɽʥˣйĸװͷˣЧ˼ʮˡ˵ĻҶһֲתλӣ
ϣ˵ġЦеյ٣֪͢ǸʲôġҪָѼ䣿
ҲãҾ͸һЩָ㣡Ȼͷ޵͢ƣǹʦ̵µֲգʵϣְʱ빫ϦദӰǳ֮󣡡
ɵȵ˼ûְϡ
һ͢Ȩ飬޼ƺǵĶʮƽפ㿴λиˣ߲ʺϱֻҪһùĵĻְɱ
ŶС۾һҿ첻˳ۣɱҲ𣿡
޲͢ƣȰоֹȰãܺ౨¹߻ƽʥˡҲ˵ʸֱ˭˳ۣдһС棬㲻ɱҲҪǵһƤ
Ȥ
޵Ȼһ֪ܣûжӣ׼ѡһŮŮʡû⣬ʮ󣬼ȹǼȱˣʱ⹬͢ˮǴߣǾ࣬ҲǺۼ٣˵Ȩ½һ֮£֮ϣ
´ĳԾˡ
һۣЦûݣʮȨĻƽǻ𣿻ǹŹֵƢ𣿡
ɣ
ȾȻδŮʵۣ
С۾ȻзˣԼһɵδŮʵۣд׻Ѫ㲻ӢۣҲʷɣ
ޣޣʲôƶɮɲҪһĴ̿ͣɱȣҵһȫ˵Ļᡭ
ţǲ͢ƾȻôĺô
ǰ͢Ȩأδ޻һתԣʸι͢ƵˣԻƽѪĹĹ͢ƣ븶һЩۣ֤ǵģ
⻰ʲô˼һ˿˿ɱȻվ
££Ҳɱģ
޴һС⣬ͬˮǰǸղʣµĻƽʢ磬ֻҪȥȻдһЧ顭
Ҫ⣡üͷһ壬ҲЩ䵭֣ҲˣҲ˰ɣ
ǹң޸ߣɭȻһ֤ȻҲһɿڹߣǹºɱҡ
̾˿ǱҶˣ
ϵܾȻҲѡôһʺɱ˵ĵط
վ㹻ĳ룬ûпǺԪڣ˵ǸĸˣǶ˵
˵Ҳþʮ׵ĵطͻȻһֵһǧش͵ײ
Ϳô
һְֻڵϣ̼˼ʮȻһűըƽ˰գ˿޵ǰг档
ļУη֣϶첻ֻҪԼ߿ƣڿƴٶȣǾ㲻ǿ޵Ķ֣Ҳƴһȫˣ
̫͹޵ʵˣ
ӣոշϰգ޾ԭƾʧͻȻ
˦ͷһͷ鳺ݺݵϣ
䣡
ƺѣԴ㱻˸飬ͬ׹ǣֱ˵棬Ȼҽʮ
ұٶȣڰ֮УŵЦٶȿܴңʥ˻ƺǣⶫݵĵһҪô
Ż
Ŵӵض˳Ժѣε̲סŻһѪ
̫ǿˡȵǣʲô취Ը
һƬĬ
ɺ䶷ɣԵʵǰǸûлֵء
ºοЦǴԻƽѪûЧģѾ֤һ㡭
ˮҽ޻˵¶깥Ҫʱ䣬ǿ޵ٶȣԲᣡ
ǣó취ļˣٴδ󺰣֣㲻ó۲ôϸҳ޵㣡
ȷһ㣬ڸͣתɵΣֻҪܱܿһֳ棬๥ߣһʤ㣬ǿ޵ٶȡһֳ涼ܲ
ֻҪٶȿ飬ץסתĻᡭɣٶȣ
δ
ڽ֮ѿڶģˣʧЦץסתĻ᣿Сһ۹ⲻҵת֮ʱ¶ߣץס𣿡
˵ţ޷ֵӰٴλζգۼͳ浽ǰ
ſޣףֻҪԼһͬʱһߣܻһɱУǾ޺˵Եٶǰ㣬뵽ˣȴû㹻ٶ
Ҫô
ϣһĲɫҪױԼǰأ
һ֮£ȻϺССĶ
ʱȣ鿴ʲô˦־Ͱ˳ȥʲôأ赲ްӶǺõģ
ǰɣ
ǰɣ
Сһ֣ͷսϵֻǰһϡͿأͿСûɾ޴ĺӰԼĺϣ
һӣȻԼһûһ綼ԼԾԵٶȷ
ٶսҲͻȻ֮ʵԲ׽ٶȳڿ棬ɫش̳
޵ҲǼǿģһֻһƤۿʧץ˼Сݷɿһƣҩ֭ȫĨ˿޵˿档
ǼѪľ綾


289 ̣2
ܶԼĽ֣һǿ߶ԾеĿȻս߱Ԫϵĵ˰Χľ֮ǺңϳƳݣΨû뵽ǣԼȻġô
һһֻضûɵСȻԼӰӣԼƤ˼ѪĶҩ
һƨСﰡ
ٶȣ

ƴѹסɢĶأתͬڷһȻЦ
֮ŤתĵһԶĶ¥ͻȻһҪɱңԳ־ǣҿһӢۣκһС
û˵꣬СɽһȻ
ޣ
ôˣ
ŵؿ˿Լ˫֣ǧĳܷƿ޵ƤҲ֮УǴ½ҩʦսɶɱһССĿҲֵ⣬ɹؼǡԼٶȣ
֣㿴Ҹղʲô𣿡
ղŵĶ̫ˣƶɮʵڡ
նɱ֮ʵ磬һ˵һ治ؿһͻȻ۾͵󣬶ĺ˵

ҲԼ󱳴ʲô΢΢ɿ
Ťͷһ֪ʲôʱı϶ֵֻĺɫ׶೤ԾŻ棬ͬ񻰴˵еķ˫ᣬ΢΢һ;ԼҪŷûղǷ˼ٶȣһ˫ģ
ްǳ˫
ôˣҿֵ࣬ǻƽѪ
ǲŲأͻȻ˵ˡ
ǰɣǰɣսϵֻͻȻϷֽһɫһźɫεĹΡ
һɫСްһźɫȹǶֻӣļһģһȻһԷ۵˫̥СŮ
ǡͻȻĳСŮȵһƬհס
ҽк죡
ҽ̣
СŮͬǶѵĹԱ
ŶһЩǡôұϣ
ѽЦ𿪣㳪裬úǶˡ˵ҪܿޣЦܳΪһ࣬Ǿ̽ӿڵأÿҪ㣬ͱɳ򣬰һҪ㱻ˣǾ裬䲻أ
ˣϸһСŮȻƮ죬֣ҲûӰӣСŮ
ﻹһεĺģѾͨ˳κʵһֻս˫Ǳ仯ġ
СѾͷǸڻսϵ꣡
꣡
ͷĻսĸҲлһ˵ЦеضôҼģ׸裿
ˢˢذһ׸ñߣǶˣҪҪҪ¸裬Цĸ衭ˣЦˣǾˣ
ŶЦĸ
С۾˹ǻЦĸ裬Ȼ޵ĸѺܶ࣬һοɲɣҪ߰ʮΣÿһΣǲЦĳŶ
ѽôã̴סˡ
ǰܾúܾõģЦľǿСñĴǣСŮཱུģЦһ㲻ҪλСŮǷҪʱ䣬Ըڸߣÿ춼ǳŶ
⵹Ǹð취Ү
㿴ңҿ㣬ͬʱһͷȻ˸ǣǣЦĺû˵Ц϶ûģ˵ǲǵķҪǻؼң

ؿһա֣ڵСӶô
ʵ˵ĿСѾͷ
ܴ֮ױȵٶȣһٶϵ꣬ҪСѾͷߣԺӮҲκζǰȫˡ
СѾͷġ
ɣ
ҪСѾͷƭƶɮȦô
СŮǿɲҪԩңԼǿǻ𣿡
ԥһ£񡭡һҡͷǣǣҲˣ

ݺԼһͣȻŬΪƵЦݣðɣɱˣ϶㲻ϺˣǸĸЦǲֻҪڸߣ籣֤ǳ衭æӻóһЩҸǮԸööʳ

СƵҡҡͷһ쳤̾һҡͷ̾Ϣ
ڵĴ˶ñŶ˵ʳѽǧǰûֽ˰ɣ
ѽѽƭСӷŶ̶Ժ˵ǹ꣬û취ʳ
СŮؽѵ磬ҪǣóһЩõİ취أ硭Сָ㣬һİ취ԼװǰְֵѣҪȥְ֣ڶ취԰ǣȻٸһЩһЩÿ·кܲӴ
΢΢سˡ
һ˵˼ʮ취㳤ô˧ҲмѽСŮԴ˵ԤСŮ˧ᣬǮС˧磬ֿܵ
ŵҲϲ£ˡ
ǣǣôĺð취һã˵Ҫʳô
̾˿̣˺ܲ˽Ů˵˼أһģҪ𣿡
ҪҪɲˣҲҪ򽻵
ô˧
ѽһٶʯ壬Ǻܿ
СѾͷֹһ棬һͷιǾˣ
Ѿ÷ɣԼ״̬
ţ˵Լ濪ʼ㷸˺ܶܶ಻ˡĴûúǿģֵǣû˵仰Ҫǻؼҡ֪Ӽ浽ؼңҪһ̵𣿡
ԡ˵Ǿˣ
ǾٸһλᣡָָԶĶ¥Ǿסײĵ¯ǣסŶһҪ׼һλˣղסǡǾͰϻ
ʲô
֪ÿŮУһ˵𣿡
δСŮܵˡ
ǵıӰ֡ǡǺӣ
Ҳû뵽СŮȻ˵죬ЦЦţС󣿡
ҲЦˡ
ô˵СѾͷǿԳΪѵǿԮҪЩ˼һ´μʱֺСŮˡ
ջ˼кڻʬĶҩԼʰ˿޵
ͷ˵ĺǳƺǵĵһʬ𼣣Ȼ׷鵽ͷϣҶд鷳ġ

ڰǵ޵·֮ȻؿڷһСڴһС۾Ц֣͸һСŶ


290 
ڸʱϤ˼صԤԡ
ԣǡԤԡмԤԵݣľǳƣΪԤԵ˹Լ
ͬʱõһſĵͼ˵ĳаħڵͼʾĳ
ʱٴοˡԤԡ
޵СڴװżƪֽҳдһλߵѪͫ˫֮ʱѪͫҲ£ּ⡭ԤԣѪͫƪ
ʣҲǾƪԤԡ֮һĨĨ°ͣǣ𣿡
սӹֽƬ˿ԣǰ˵㷢꣬˸ղλСŮǺΡѪͫзּ⡭ּȥʲô
ˣ
С۾һȻʶԼһȤ⣬ԤԣţŵڲԼ
֣ǽһƪԤ԰ɣЦекºӣɱ˵Ҳй¶
ϴ󣬲˵ˣףҪٸ㣬϶Ҵһ
ºЦкڻ긮ＯϣЦʶˣԤĪ⣬˼ǰо˼ʮ꣬Щĵã
Ŷ۾ˡ
ԤܹоŲ֣ºЦϴ˼мѾ˰ɣǲǾúϸ磬ϸ񣿡
ûԤԵǰƪ˵ɺ
ٺ٣иأºȻԤ֮ħƪǺ޵ɮˣǿ֮˵İط˼䣬׷Ĳּ⡭մʦΪ߶ΪôԤԶ˵ɣ
ԤԣҲᵽƶɮ΢΢һ
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֣㲻˵Ҽ縺ʲôصʹɣʧЦ
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ǽۣ
ģʲôô
оŸ꣬ǡ꾭עˣԤ˵⣬ԤԵΨһôǸּȥʲôǾʲôԤû˵
ɣ
εһ䣬ֻðԤԵȷһԡ
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һУص˸ȥһԼƽżȻ˶¥¡
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291 ģ޿תǿ𣡣1
ε̾˿ЩšЭţ쾭壬ӵҲǵɣҲֻʵʵعˡ
Ҫȥһػʣһ׸ˡ
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ҲҹΣ͢ƵѾˣ֮࣬˼Ҫɵδķ蹷ŮʣһӢ۵ζҪɵȣһȡȫΣӭϼȣ蹷ǹ΢Ц
ȻҲڻƽѪĿһܲõӡ󡭡СӣףϷŷֺùһ͵ļŪ
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Ψһǹˣ
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ֱ֮󣬰ɽںˮ̵ĥ˶ںˮƽѪ˵ҲҲ˰ɡţͷڻսһ˴󺣣ϵ˵ˮǱըֻʣԴǱĶܾ֮֫󰢸֪˺ڷƽѪĶӣ
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ãá󺺶Űƣʣֵ֮ң׻Ѫ֮ңսδƽϢɸҸɱضƽƽ𽢶ӣ

һ㶣Ѿת˴󺣣ĻƽʿѾɱ޴ȥҧ˴󺺱󡭡˵µɽһ˵оļޣֱһԵѾ˫
ʱĺҲˣҲͳ˧Ķӽڽڰˣǵİ۾һóľʹˮˡ
ս㣬Ŵڵо֮Բڣоսҡ
ν͵Ȼ˵ľսӳ֮һĵ۹֮УҲһУξмˡ
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ܱƽѪӣܾƽʥյ׷ɱʴˣΰʲôز
˿ԽǻƽѪӵĵˣԽԼصĶ԰žյ˵ڶν˵Ӹ٣ΡšսĽ
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ٽڰߣ֮ûΨеļ£֮ߣԯкĦԼ£Ҳ齨һСס
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һڲ죬ʹӴܣԲսʿ֮ԯҲŵоȻһЦһսоӵͳ˧ɱˣضȲ㣬ˣӣɵǵͧߣϵʤ㣡
ɣô𣿡
ؿԼļ£ʲôͣʲôս۲죬һϲͨ⼸ôܿôŵأ
ѵĳЩ˵ģĺ


292 ģ޿תǿ𣡣2
ˣϢ
˵䣬֮˳ܹҾȫ𣬽ӳı˾Ѿսˣ
Ƕˣ㻹Цʲô
ˣǶˣ⽢Ӹپ߹ְˣ֮ŹʮսһɣˣʮսǧˮˣѾǵӵָӹˣ
ޣѾսΧˣϵĻƽҲ֧Ԯˣˣǳˣ
©ƫҹ꣬ε˹ˣյ˿״Ԫ˧Ÿ롭Ԫ˧ͻΧ˵Ǹ߲鱨ʧ󣬷ս֮ܻŻȥǹ͡
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ڰ޼ƿʩʱ򣬰ߣһʯ֮ϡ
һεӰٺ٣ȴĲɵԶĴ󺣣ĽΧʱ΢ɲ̾˿

ǧѧį֮󣬾ݵˮսҲį
ųƻƽ𺣾ĵһս񣬵ӶԼµĽ̩֮в磬Ӣŵ½ˡԼս߻Щˮ罫
Ȼվ緢ָӵ˰ԣоӣװţռϫ򣡲ԣɢսթܺ󳷡ȫΪ󡭡֮Ȼߺȣһʱƽ𺣾

ȻҡҡͷһĨ˲ŶԸһ꣬òǡµļ춼⼸ˣʮҹ¾ܴˣʮսսܻƽ𺣾ŸȤ

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ϢǰޣԪп鱨ʱ̽׵žأһݻƽѪڲʽĹˤǰ
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ĵı⣬ĵһӦǡŮǲе÷ƣһݼļϷŪƶɮ˼ָŹĵԼһսֻʣʮսսϵĳͧȫҲʮҴֻ˼꣬ƽһսһƽͧļ꣡
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Ů⣬ۼҰģ͡


293 ʱ޵
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ްһüҲţǴǰ쿪ʼƽѪеĳۿڣ½Ҳȫϡһۿбܽ붫ͷһƽֻͧʣһʮңʿǶжף£Ǳо˵ҲҵǴӭսˣ
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ͷȴҡҡͷǣźսͼоʮ飬ƽѪĸ߼ǸоҹǵĽ۶һ仰սûκɷ֣ʤƾԶʤʮսͷԣ
ʲôٴγԾ
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½죬ҲúսŵͼԺսۣĴֹ۲һЩھֲսָӵõӳѸ٣һѵõսۼ죡ңָ뼧ڲ֮䣬ݹȫ֣ʤս֮⣬ɳ֮ΪսĽ죡
ǰأ׷ʵ
ָŵͼϵļо·ߣ̾ӷսһ̿ʼ׼˼ÿһƻǣżıߣһһԼľء˴ڿԼľӣɰȴڿƵоñоͬʹİ֧伶ģ

޵ͷԪСõ˻ƽѪܻ¼ϣѾʧսԭҲֻһ仰սʱ֪Լ볷ˣǵоǳӪȵһ㣬ϵص֧ԮǵսͱоԵսʮҲսһֻ֪ǰһ·ɻǲòײȥ
˶٣֮󣬻ƽѪû׷ΣԼˡҿǱˣˣҲûͳ콢ӳˣ
꣬ƽ𺣾ս񣬱Ĳٳˣ
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һҲţӹһ뼧Ĵս֮ϣÿһڵ˵ļ֮УÿһεǵΪ֮װԼôģȴûκΰ취ıսֻ֣ʣһͷȫΪԼܶ̾˿֧伶ѹмܳѹ
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϶֣޵ͷ˳ȥǰ˸ղŵľµͼʾԼȥ鰢ͻȻܡ
ĿͰ뿪Цеվϣүӣţţôпմݹˣ
ʶǣ޺Ԫûϳ֮
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Це̯ĻŶ˶УЩζ
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蹷ôûǰ廳ЦЦλǡŶһүˣСүҲǸ㸸״˸кô𣿵Ǵż̳ˡΪСүأ
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ʿһ£ҹұңҹҵļūжߵĵλ
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295 Žл
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ľͶģɼЦˣɽĶԹһʹӮˣһӲ̤ڤ긮ŪĹƨˮ


298 ȫλʱ
Цеû
һԵľԽṩİԽ󡭡
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ǴսսһЩսҪҲ֮Уûı仯ǹºһСֽдȫԡ
ԣʣ໴ʱȻԣ
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һԣ԰ҩĴڤ긮ڤ긮У̬ҩ
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죬ɴ಻ضʽƾʶٿ塭
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299 ڲϷ
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ڲϷ
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ʱȤٿĿơԤƺᵽʣǾˣЦϣҵⳡ


300 īĽᣨ1
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301 īĽᣨ2
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һ޸æʥˣ
һ͵İͺգһ޵Ӱ˹ȥɣҪȥ¥棬֪ҵƢһȥˣ

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˿ɫӰת̵뿪һĿ꣬ƺ̨


302 īĽᣨ3
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īԸҲøһȺ򽻵ˣڳﱸ̣ȥ
īˣ㣬Ҫ׼
ǰ˵ȵʮվͿ쵽ˣΪī룬׼һݡȤ׼أ
޻ڱţƶɮһɹŰ޾쳷롭ԣ취ð޸Լߣ
а
ӳ˸߹٣ս񣬲֪û˼صƶɮߣҪϵһ£ҲðɽҪϵ˺еİأ
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ѾˣŮ𣿡Ԫţɴס˱ݵĿɲĿ
Ů𣿡մ˸к»õԣбϷƵóһƿҩҶרſƱǵĶԣȥָ̾ò
ģ
ԼָòҩͨŮʹ޴ЦˣԪһ侲ûлҩƷʵԡ
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֪Ҫɱ˭ʱ·硣
ˣ˵ڶҪɣڣҿ϶Ūҵİû˻뵽㣡Ԫ΢Ц
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֮ڣҸݳˣͬʱһʦļݣ
Ԫشĸɾ䣬Ҫأ
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ҪԪһ£ЦڻƽѪƤӵ£˺ս񡭡ҪðܴķأһƿָòҩҿɲӦ
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ԪЦеسһֽǰܼ򵥣Ҫǩһٳ磡
ŮŰۣô硭
ǩԼҾͲ㣬ûأԪ˵ն
һٳ𣿡ī룬ҧҧҧָ水˸Ѫӡǩ
Ůˣţһõī룬ƶɮܵĺǣһٳ磡
ˣ±ʣϵ˰ɣʮ֮ڣ
ʮ죿
ԪЦмֹ죬ҪôʮӾ㹻ˣ
֣һ׳Ĵ󺺴ķ˳һЦƣˣʮ֮һս߶Ԫ˧ף
ԪҲЦЦѧſ׵ֵƣʮ֮һ鱨٣ƣ


303 ƻŮ
̧ͷ˿ҹգƺܺóԡ
ֵͷ˿أۣµĺˮܲ
ľѾˣ
Ů
ضԪ˵ʮ֮һ鱨ٺƣȻˣң
˸߹٣˵ʲôϵ˺ΣŶҪһЩŶ̵ģ궼ûԹֱˣ
ϣղŵһнȫϣתߣ
㲻𣿡
ԪŲæ˵˹ʵ֣˵һָˣܵºǡûӰˣҲֱȥǣΪҲ㣬Ҿְˣ
ݣ
תżһף֪˸߹٣һʲôϽѰҽ
Ԫ˧ִܾ񣬿ʱܼ㣡ǸЦЦֻҪ
Ԫ˧룿̧ͷ֣ǸԪ˧бҪ˵𣿡
Ǻǣ֪ղŹۿʱ򣬹Ԫ˧ʾͻϮĳۣΪ²湦ܲνѾΪԪ˧ܶ˫սͳˣ
ԪЦеز䣬ʮڿǣǲҪƸΪʮλƣлôһλս񼶵Ĺܼ͸Ŷ
ʮ
˿ĭغô죬ǲ°ڼ飿
ԪָָԼؿڣ鱨ٲǳԸɷģÿһսĽ뾭ҵ鱨ȷϡţԪ˧ԲΣˣ
Ůˡ
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ˣƣҲҪˣڹʣҪú̸һ̸Ԫɫһʵ˵Ԫ˧һµģñ
ʲô˵ɣۡ
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ԪָֻЦ𿪵ӣץСҩƿЦе߽
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ַһƺԵĵطڲĳƺܻƵģԪС㣿֣Ƕʮ֮һûҪưɣ
ʮҲиֻ֣֮ǵʮλԪС㣬ȴǵڶλ
׳һ£˵˾漰ܵĴʵԪСкܶݣԱʮ֮һҲֻڶеһ˶٣׼ȷ˵ԪСֻ˵ѣһҪˣ
ŶȤʲôݣ
һ̫ĸŮԣ㻹ýһСأ
ԪЦӯӯ˳յҩãָֻ˷ǧ̬ʯһΣ次
µǣ˵ҵĹϵֶû˵
һ⣬غǶĬĶԻµ壬ţŮ˸ҹϵƣ
Ůˣ˶ܣ
˵˵ɣ׷Ԫܣ˵Ѿû׷ȥ

ᵽԪ̾˿ʵʵ˵ҵʱ˳ҲѹʵĹȥҲˡ˵䲻ĻһԲ˯ֱ⤺޷ֱӣЩǸٶķͰɫŹɾһˣȻط˻ƽ𺣾ս񣬸Ķʮս˽ݣĻƽ𺣾ŷɥó
Ϊʲô
Ԫͷҵ鲻Ҳ֪ԼĹܼΪʲôͻȻӵ˿ֲ
ãٺ͵ЦԪҲȫ֪ȫܵģ٣֪սꡣ
ʵÿһսۣҶоˣ޹أǻʵһ޶ĺսͷԣ
˵ԪĬһ󣬿ЦˣҲֹ̽ʵˣ֮ܶûκΣѾҪĽ֮һ˺֮
ڽˣЦеôôðأ
Ԫ˵ĺ̹ʣһս񼶵Ԫ˧ǲܰ㣬ϣҲԪ˧ĵλһСĹܼңԣùʹˣΪǵĵʮλ
ܺ뷨ЩӳͷˣֱҲġ
ֻҪûȫͬ⡭
ǡ
ͷˣԪɫȴֹŹ֣
׸Σ
ʲô𣿡һ¡
ǡԪŵͷԪ˧һģ˵ɣ
ðɣ˵׿ЦһؼǡʲԸ⣡
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ͰǸӣԪ˧ĵλȨԸ⣿
Ԫ˧ԭǡѧŰԪ˧ͳ캣ɰ͵Ҵүզ˵ģ
ҸҴүһᷴԵģ
Ȼʴ˿ˡ
ֿ֣˵ʲôɰ͵󸣾ǸԵӣ룬Ǹүѧ书ȢīӢС㡭ţҪԪ˧һ仰ַӾˣɰ͵Ķס
ʼ磬˵꣬Ԫ˧סҵĴȣ㣬ؼң



Ȼаķ
Цӣ߹ٺ»Ҫ
ҲףӲһεʮ򺣾治ؼҾŴӳС
ȻԸ⣬ǾɣʧЦ
ɫ˺꣬Ǻòҵһս
ǻɱ
ǿɲУɱ˹ʣûƽѪζЦѣ
ҡͷʵ˻һЦˣԥ˰죬СǰҺüΣ˵ؼң;ܾսˣһս۲ţȴûгΪһսĹǹԪ˧Ĺǣ
е㲻ҺԪСһ취ùԪ˧ˣΨһˣ
ңˣ
ְֻʲŻᰲͳ콢ӣ
ԪӹҼ͹֮Ĺϵйʴ˵սǾ㣬Ϊ˵ĵʮλѸٵزֻһ취ʣĳս
ˣʮˣʵϡǸһλȥӳ
˵İ۱һ֯ƺҲûл
һӳ𣬷ƶɮҪƽѪɵˣ͵һѺˣͷ˵ʮˣ
ͬˣ
û뵽ӦľȻʹ졣
ԪҲЩ㵣ܿȻһЦȻӦˡӽԺõκѵİҪΪ˶ԿƽѪ壡
лˣٺһЦʮЩô
⣬һ޶ڵ˱ʮΪޣԪ
лˣЦĸˡ
⣬Ȩ˵鱨֪ʲôֱң
лˣ
У˳ŵĳǣһܹ˽Ԯ
лˣ
㽫ˣִСƻؼһϿԪ˧ƽ𶫸磡
лˣ

С۾գգڹлˣ˵ŷӦŮӳôҪƴƽʥˣ
ԪĴ۾ҲɿգգһƵʣЦ˵ƭ㰡ֱ˵ȥ磬ܴӦ𣿡
ͱ´ˣ


304 ޽
ڶ峿ŽƣԪ˳Ҷ췢ġƶɮⱲҲԪˣ
Ů̫ƻˣ
һҹĽ棬ջǳΪ˵ʮ˵ĴŹĴǡ׷硣
Ԫ˵ƻϿԢֻ֮ҪõȲ˵Ƿܴʥ˵ֵӰҲԴƽѪ壬˽ʿʿ
ҪõһȻҪٵѹĶ¥
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Ȼǻ׼һְԪṩ鱨״Ǳ¥ըٶ¥
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ڶʮԪٰһʢʢ磬Ȼƽǰڶ翴ʱ¥磬ڻ֮Ѱ
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˷ŮⶫԼģһ֮Ըأ
ԪԥˣҲڻƽѪ塭׻Ѫʤ
Ȼ𾴣
Ԫƻƻܹ˽̬ԿƽѪ壬ˣ

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Сһ̺ٺһЦˣԺŶ
Ҳ˵ģ
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¸߹ȥڷ΢΢һЦʮǰңΪ˼ˣ
Ժүհ
ͷ߹Ȼһ̧ͷǰ߹һλϴүе졣
ˣ
ⲻݡ𴫡֮ǰԼһײֿ⣬ͷڷƮҡ֮Уһĵ״ү
ҪкϴүһЦСҪãһžˣ˼һʮ꣬ǸоıŶ
ʮˣÿ˶˳ƺ߳Ŵ֮󣬲ò쳤̾ѣѰ
ʱԪڴעıӰʧЦһڸ̾˰ɣ
С㡭
׵ɫȴЩأƺҲԵˣо仰Ҳ֪˵˵
˵ɣֻ˵ĵڶԪЦ

СղСһ֡ԣС㲻Լǰ𣿡
ѽԽ
ԪƻЦЦҶԼˣ̫ĸŮ̫ĸŮ϶ǰˣҸղŵݣ˵ĵڶŶڶ˵̫϶ɣ

ײָͷˣףԪĶݽƱ磡
С̫࣬ͿˣοЦͿˡ
˵ţ˳ȥ
һӰˣԪŴľɫȻеʧ񣬡ڶҵĸŮ񺺹Ĺƽ쳪ߣݵһŮԱǵˡҵݻЩأ
ôݣһͻأһ
ģ
Ԫ˿ûиеֻ֣ﻬһϣϣظ
һĵ̾ϢЩҼ̵̫̫̫࣬࣬࣬õҲ̫࡭ҪģֻжһαװŮˣϧԶᣡһһƣ죬ҲԶ䲻ѺͲ顭
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ǵģ
ǻ΢΢һЦ򵥵飬ͽǰɣսεսʼˣ
磡
ܲʱ˵أһɢ𣬡Ԫ˵ô֣Ϊʲôƫƫ©ɣԵ𣿡
Ϊ̫˽ˣڳȤԪŵңָǿգɵĹޣ
ôûˣսʼˡ
ɢͻȻһССĹʣں˷ˣҲ찴Ͳסˡлҵսԣ
Ըɣ

꣺
ս
躣սս½սսսսܣȫλսԣһɳ֮Ϲ޲ˣս޲ʤ޽⣡
仯Сʣ

һbug꣬ͰĹʺһǿûеԡ
˵ˣһ꣬ⲻɣ˭ʤ˭
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Ҳˣǰ޵Ĵ磬һλͬԪʦ˶ʮװԭ˵˸֣Լʮö
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307 Ԥ֮ı
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ųɣԼʹīɶ칤ԣɫָӵ̬ΧɱһнһС
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һȦӣһʱʱŪ۷֮СɧŵѾİٶУռϷ磡
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˵ţֻצѹ顭


314 ս֮
ս֮˭⣿
ǵõ꣬ս˾󲿷ѹ飬ǡΨһһ׿ŵעʷĿף
ڶ峿ڲԵĺϣ˽ʿվڼװ۸ߺ꣡
һսĴǿ˺ѣ󲿷ֶѹˣ߹ҲЧͷȴѾԽ˶Ԫ֪ûоʥˣԽֻצҲת͸˰
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Це̨ŰһȦӡ
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318 ҵŮˣ
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322 ꣬˵
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һȭһƽ壬޾սѾﵽ˳ĵزǿ⾪׵һȭԼΪʲôе£һĲءԣ޾һĿ꣬Լ볬ԽĿ꣡
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ԪϲؽĿǰľ棬ȴЦеذ˰֡
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ղ޾Ȼ˵仰ָҪ飬ʲô˼治ף
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Ԫü룬Ҳի֮գһԻƽѪĽգϸ͵˵ƽҲ޻ѪڸձҰ޵ʱΪ˼ԼݣȷÿһһգΪի֮գһеĻƽǶ⣬ֻի
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֪ҵꣿ
΢΢һ£漴Ц뿪֮Ҳѧ˺֪ܶ࣬˲ܡǺðɣԸֻܴʬصˣ


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ܲ飡
ҡҡͷһƺ˳ƺԼľƢˡͻȻıʣľƢֻˣ

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飬ºȻһ̾ףԶϳԿľƢˡҲһķܶĿǴ٣ȴĿնϣˣЩѪԵ˶ģ

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īϣ𣿡Цеطʡ
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ǸֳȰ΢ЦǿҪһ۰ķĳǣ


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326 һ2
ͬһ죬Ҳص˵ϡ
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ܳʥ˸ǵǼҹɫƽԭӸӦĲˣңҹλϧһдۣӦ
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ˣ
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˴Цīҵ飬ҹܲ»˭ܹܵõ
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һ仰ͱ¶ˡ𡯵ıʣʩԲӦҲ˵ƶɮ䣬ƶɮ㷽ȵľˮ桭ƶɮһ㲻̫ɾĶΪ߲ϳɢ
Ҳ֪Լ
꣬ģΪģӵйͨʵ뿪֮󣬿ԳԺȣԴ·Ůϴû⡭֮ȥ͸һͨûʲô
֮ɽҰһ·ܿͿСľݣľˡ
ò׼Ƿ׷ɱ꣬һ棬͸һ㶾ҩȻֻҪ˲뿪ʱȻ½ҩ
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ʩƶɮҲǲѶΪ֮֮˰ЦĻôš
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˵ƢǳȻҪޣͰ׼ɣ͸ǲݣ컨ӡ˵˼ֲƣԺУҲһҩ࣡
ȥԺЩֲȻʱͻȻһ㶣
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Щֲﰾ߲࣬ϳɢĽҩ𣡣


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һ³Ͼݣ׶ڵأҶǣ


329 Ϻ
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Щҵͷ쳤̾һ䳾߰ɣԹղϿԼˣ飬Ҫˡ

䳾˵ЩʲôȻѹ֮ɱĳǰͻȻһʨ޴żʮͷһںе꺬ЦмУһŷ޵ŮˣһӢˬŮ
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Ѫɫӳɽӣ𣿡
䳾صɴ۾
һ֡꣡


330 ףѪɫӳɽӣ
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ѪɫӳɽӵĴţˣҲջģɱսʿ֮󣬵˵һ仰
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˼лЦ֣ҲҶǰµģĻ飬һǣ


331 ʬ
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ϰлָʱԼҸŮĳѾҶǣܲڵأ칬
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֣л˵Լļҽһܿݣûϡ
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Сӣ˵Ķ˵ˣҲˣϽҹҵĶ飡
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Ҫôٴץס죬ۺȵ㣬үҵϵѪүүүĦµɳ󽫾Ǳүҵʦɣ㹻ô


333 Сһ
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Ҳǵһ֪ʺͰ𣬾Ȼڵк桭һصʬ壬δɢȥ̰꣬꣡
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ȻûдӦҰƺԸ˽һн棬ǽġĽ֣Ľֲ̫̰࣬ˣŭ˰𣬲㱻ɱϽµ飬һ
˶٣ѹߺúǡһսҿˣĸ޷򶯣úҪǶѪɫӳɽӸȤͱȴʡǧǰʵ꣬ǧѾ˰Ĵˣ
֣Ҳܣ̫⡣
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žž
Ƶ˵һ˼޺ʲôط
ϽеΪˣ˵ʾҶǣƽѪҲ̰ġΪϵʣɳ޺յ鱨޺ƽԼʮԪϵľ֣ҶǿĬһ£ջƽٶȣӦõһǧ֮ݣƺӶɿڣ
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Це׷ʵ
һϽ۾¶һ˿թúҾͲܸˡ㿴ڵӣУ㣬ҪһҪȻȫ֪ˣɱô죿
ɫᶨһ仰ҪҪҪ̱ƹ㣬Ҿ˵ʵ䣡
ЦЦҪſ˵ʵ䣿
Ҫ޺ͷϽ˵ն
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Сǣһʽף֪ʵ䣬ͱȥ˺Ӷɿڣ޺ͷ
ƺӶɿʲôطΪ˽ĽģϽû˵ʵʵ˺ӶɿǻƽѪݵݵ㣬Ͻ˵ƽ֮⣬лƽ֮һļ꣬ԼʮפֻҪȥ˶ɿڣͻᱻʮΧͼʮԱƽϽΧ
ʱ϶ڶɿڣԼͿ취ˡ
ֻ˵Ҫ󣬻ûͣתߵˣ
һѶСֿϽе㷢ɡ
˾ʲôȥˣ
ȥɱ޺˰ɣ
ܣ
ð뷨Ͻ͸ԺٷȻʵǿ󣬼о̵ԼԪڣԼѾ˵˳˺ӶɿƽԪϵĸʮ˾㱻Լ˵ˣҲӦһЩ׼Ӧתߵģ
룬ƺӶɿԶǧ֮⣬Ҫðʱ׼ƥ͸
ԣȥɱ޺ˡ
ȥ
ϽԽȥӾԽͿˡ
ڲֿһʱңûлϽҲȥˡٷ˲ڣԼ취ġ
һ󣬲ֿΧĵģϽԶһЩķϾɱչȥԼϵһʹЦе֣ʲôأ
˵ţĳϽࡣ
ңûʲôϽ˵ˣæЦúҾȥʲôˡ
⻹룿㲻Ҫ޺ͷ𣿡
ӱժһľϻӣ϶ѪϽǰһţ򿪵֣޺ͷˣʵأ
һʱһǧ·ʮ֮У޺ͷˣϻѪܵͷϽȻãԼһ˼ĶΡ


335 ò
֣ҵػأ
Ͻľû뵱һʿϮնɱͬв֮ʱ𺳲ϽҪ١ֻǽ֮ˣʵˣ̬Ҳòһˡ
ȥһǧ·֮⣬ɵһԪô
֮ʱ˫ûжʧſ˫һʱͿƺӶɿںҶ֮Ȧˡ
޺ҲһǰҪ޺ֱǴƾ˫ľٶȣһͻϮͿԴ޺ߵЩ֡Կ޷֣
Ψһ⣬Ͻ˵˼ٻƺӶɿھȻмͼʮƽפҲ̫ˣ겻ǸһֻأδɵڶֻصԪڣʼıһͿȥڤظ
ȻܼһЩ˷ǣɵСͷĿȻ⼸걻ʴˣһֱתߣҲЦеȥ
֣ˣ㲻ư˰ɣ
εĴԼĹͷ
ǣǣúСʵǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
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죿
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ͷ˳ְϽĻƣ·ȵܹ֤ݵĶȫߣЦе߳˲ֿ⣬ͷˣƺá칬ŵ㣡
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ϽæûлʲôָӾӡ
Լ취
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ˣӰһ㶣ʴ˲˵ûȤʵ𣿡
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ˣ֪¡ǰʿҪʵ۲ɰ
緢һˮ㴫˳ȥ
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ӲֿЦеػص칬
ţ뷭ǽȥȻһʿڹսǴĵ֡
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鷳һ£һս𣿡
ҪֻǾͺˣʿŵ͸ղţִǣѹ鰭棬òսһѹˣ˾ϣһսΧһңٲ취ҵսӾͻزȥˣ
ΧŹƶɮһң
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ʿ·һ·ϣҲԵɡ
ڵʱ䣬뾡취ǣĸ֮𣬻ټ֮ޣķϻ˵ˣͻȻһ򷽵ϡִˣ
򷽵ɳĵӣѪڸıһ˴ˣòֱǡ
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ɾʱϧңѹͱ֮ɿһһҵ棬һһµϣƵ˫òΪӣһĹ䡣
ֵǣ仹ûʼͰѴĵ˾ϸ˹׿ڷģս˱ᣬǰҺĵĹϵ㲻꣬ѾûҪٸˣ෴һΪŽһʯ
ûѣֻ棬Ϊʯ˾Ϻԥؼ˱䣬Ҫڱиɵҵǿվ죡
ҲŸ֣˵Ҫڱдմ֡
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Ҫýע
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걳һϷֻóʮǳأ˾ûˣ˾ϳ֣ʮǳػķô
ΪǿˣҪǫѽ˾ԣĪҪĳЩһƤ˺Լ͵Ϯѡ
˵ǰһ͵Ϯģʵ飬±˵˵ЩҲסˣȻ˾С˼ǾȰɡʮǳضѣ껹ںøˣ
лˣ
˾˱䳡սҴĸԳ֣˭ӭս
һ棬סˣ
˾϶˵ЩʲôЦˣɡûҷҵʮǳأԼ֮
Խ֪Լ϶˾ϵĶ֣뱱һУͶнˣ
ţ
ͷӦһ˿εĿЦ꽻ս̫˽˾ϵʵˡɵһֻ֮ĺԪ۷壬ֻҪٽһɵڶֻأܳΪ˵ʣ
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Ȼ𾴣үǱƴ˼³ģЧң޶ˡ
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337 ˿
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˵ˣ䣬Ȼһ
˻֣ôҲȰȻĿͣԼϣûߵĴ档
ǵʱ˵Լ֣ʱ򣬱ֻϾ̫ձˡٿ·дšĸ֡
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ݷʵǿѾӢĵزǸͨͨС˾ûпʵֻҷˣڻңҪսԼüСһˣҲԹˣ

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սѣΪʲôҪķ֣
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˫ۺ˾϶ӣһ˲򵥵İ취û꣬ƫƫӵǿġ꾭֮ǻʲô޾֮սһֱӴ˾ϵ磬ˣ
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ԵļžУͻȻ̧ͷ˾Ļ˵ͷ˶һ֮󣬱䣡һۡзŽ֣


338 ƴ꣬ƴ
ڳǧˣֻǿˣ⵽˫еһĨ⣡
ܺã
ѹ΢΢һЦŤͷһǻڵϣ˿ڻѪԸվˣ
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339 
һҪ֣򷽸æסֱۣԱҪ𣿼þհɣѾӮʮǳأ㹻ˣǵؿһСܿӮһΣӮΰ
λСֵȤǾȥɣ
֪ݣãЦѾӮ˾ϵʮǳأȥҲǲ׬⣡

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ͣѾԼоˡ
ꪱԼУ̱ŷһӿս⣬޾İһºս⣬һսս⣡

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ʲôϣһ˲˼˵
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춯컭ꪱɱꪸг˼ϸ΢ķ϶ȵսⱻй컭ꪣˣ
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ķ컭Ӹѹ飬Цȵʵ޸컭ꪲѣô㣡
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ʵΣģӦ˳ᢣָ㽭ɽçһƴƴѹһЦһƽ֣ڶע޽³͸ңҵɽׯһǧƥ޶
һǧޣ³ǡ
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˽´֣֪һǧһء


340 
Ƭ̣˵ͷ
սʱ޺ͱֵǮĶһǧһСǳأ˵ʵеˣ³ҵĹʾ֮أͬ죬һǧ޻Ҳֵˣ
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341 񻰱
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ô
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Ů˹°ͷ꣬꣬ҿˣҲһֻ˰ɣ
˵꾶ֱֵĶ̽һָһ֣ң
ղ˵һһѹֻһ룬һͷˮŮ˵·
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ǲŮ˵ĽͬϽˮ಻նȥһ͸оӱ׷˹ǳĲӼ

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һΣһȥ߰ʮѾ˱䳡ıԵŲһɾǳˡ
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ʵ̾˿ŮˣƶɮСʦãŮ洹Ĺŵӣģ
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ԭˣ콣ǴϽķ꣡
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籱˵Աߣɫ֯һͬһ޴ķ
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ҲܹͨϽ磿Ů˿ķ࣬ɵôƬ̡
ǰӵԥͬʱˡ


342 
Լ˳ֱķ̨࣬߳͵֮䣬ǰɣ̨һʣ̨ȻûбɱΣҲ˼ƬҶӣһѺۡ
˲ȥ̨кеḷ́˫м٣ת˲ڰŮ˱
˫һ̧߿꣬ҲԵӣͳͳŮ˵ĺ֮ϣ
ۡ
Ů˱Щɢ
䳾õĽԼѾʬˣ
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ٿòȻǰӣֵ϶˷⣬ݵıǣǵִģ
ˣ
Ԫ˧ʬ壬ĦȻγ嵶˲ϣĦܣԪ˧ĦԼͷлˣ
Ħס֣
ӷ˳Ժǳ󣬲˶ˣ֮߳󱱵̻ӻ֣Щܡֻʣһʮˡ
ˣеӡ󣬺׷氢ļ֮һ
ˣԪ˧ˣĦûã
Ħع󵶻ڲϡ
ǺǣĦѾĺܺˣйͣ˴󵶣ЦҪǽ޵Уսƴ£ˮҲţʿԪ˧˰
ʿĦһ㶣⣬ⲻԪ˧ˣ
ȥָѡòƵʿۿô
ЦЦֻʿԪ˧Ѿʮǰˣ칬
Ԫ˧ûĦͳһɵؿ۳ʬ壬ֿ˿΢ЦȷϵعЦҾ˵Ԫ˧ʺͨ죬ô㱻һСɱϵ۾꣬ԲסҰ֪Ԫ˧ǰˣôûңҲĨ˲ӣ
˵㣬ıʦҲǲ֪Ԫ˧Ѿǵģ
ԳЦЦЦ˼˵ˮϲͷͷ飬ĪڳŴ֮ͥ¸һˮһڳŶ½أΪ˴˵İȫֻʿðˣǰǣ
εҡҡͷȻµ˴˻ɻû뵽ЦôȻױͳ춼ˡ
Ħƴսôʹ飬лô
һߴ׳ӰԺ˽ﻹһ˵ʬ塣
ֵݵıǣӣǰ
ͨһŹ˵Ȼ˵꣬һЦ硣
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ˮһֱǣĦȻɫ䣬ŵ濴˿
ģˮ俴ҪɱѾˣ
ЦЦ⻹м̽ȷʵɨ۵ϵʬ壬Щˣҷһ룬ɱһС룬ĸɣ
ΪʲôҪɱһЩһЩĦ벻͸Ц´û©϶аˡ
뵽ɵЦ
ԭͷβֻЦļıѡٺ٣ҲǣֻԼԼⱿ˲ſֵܱУ˶ԹѾ˰
ˣѾ֣˶ΪѾˣǽ
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ǹʵľʦ⻹Ҫô
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ЦˣˣʴТ𣬿ޣĿޣ޸˿
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Цͷ뵽Щ֤һϸıˡôΪһϿɵߣ뵽ĸ࣡
ȻУ
һЦʿӦһƣթֻǵһ
Լ뷨渵ЩȨı鲻ȤͶһԣЦеŰ
겻ˡ
ǺǣĴճȥģڣѮİĳһӣսҲʵˡ
ȼ񼶵Ц绹ôǿԼҲΪԪ¶ΣҲһа˰ٽİϽ𴸡ôĽðɡ
֣ǲҺͰ˵仰Ѿ˵ҵ˰ɣ
ʵͰ˵䣬ЦекЦ
ţЦȻʧЦط꣬ȴ໰Ҫ˵ˡϣȥϢˣｻˣ
˵ţٱüž
ɫҲӸղŵ͸㣬ǰһηηСµӡ
󣬴ү
Щŵؿ˿ӣ겻òȷʵò̫ˣ˫־ԵС۾ҲѾ˴۾һ󣬰ȻһשĶٺһЦȻһĴ򰢸ǵĶ
ǵһʶʱŹ򰢸ơ
үȻ㣬㻹û
ڵϣˡ

겻ú٣Ҳúܶࡣ
ٵǣǸСµӣÿҲֻǻԵ˳书ȥӭȢīӢС㡣
仯޴ǣѾǰͳ˧ˣս񣬹ʥʣδпܳΪ쳯ʵۣһͳݵʥ
үЩȥˣС۾ȥˣĴȺޣˡûÿûҸЩʲôûҷǮЩ궼֪ôİ
ˣˣҲЩģǺЦǹʴԪ˧ˣñ˿ӿǻЦģ
ɰ͵Ĺʣ
Ĺĵŭүǲ֪ʾǸռӣЩо̣ӣʵЦһأ
㲻ʵۣ
һжЦԤ֮е飬û뵽ȻԻλһȤûС
ʵʲôõģԹǰŴүʱÿСƣԿ⣬һīӢС㶼ЦѣڣÿҪξӪټʮ죬ٵǩ֡ţҶ챻Ʒˣ
˵һһҶѾ뿪ԺˣЦСүһ°ɣĲˣ͵͵һؼҽŸܼң
İļ򣬡Ҷˣ㣬µİ򺣾Ҫ㣡
ǣǡ۾һתҪҶ֪ҵĴүҰԪ˧λø㣬ȴү㵱˻ʵۣҼٸɽׯС
ӡ
ͷʹղЩҪǱ˵ỳɶԷ̽ԼûҰģɰ˵ţǲʵۣ޲ϾͰѼӵĴԼ
үҲ𣿡
ɫϿû˼ˣүҲźüˣûҲпͣؼʱɵðҰˣʵ۰ɣҪʵۣܹܶɰ
ڡܹܡ
Щˡ
ܲ˵سһؼңһʵۣӻ˵һ˭ٱʵҾ㿴ŪͷöǱ
һҹļ尾


347 ı
ڶ峿㰲˰ױʵ۵ĵˣһӡ˵ǹʵĺʵۣӡ£
ĥ˺ܾòףûĹǵˣܰƯƯһⵣΣûˡ
ӡҲǰֲԸⵣε̬
峿ǽͷԺӣһҹſԺʯ˯ˡ
ĹոմЦҲӹﴫ˳
꣬øһ˰ɣ
һЦָǰڰҲ޷뿪顣
ЦᣬƺҪˣٺһЦʵ֣ҲԣꡭĲô
ЦЦˡ
Щˣ£ǧսǰҲûеõȫȨ͵λڵľ棬һ뵽ԼпܸһӣūΪʵָۣ̲ס˷ܵ΢΢ΪıĲǸһ֮Ǿݴ½ô
ѡˮܹѡ񰢸󺣣
ˣЩ갢ƴӣʩչҲԵһѧˣ
ЦЦЦټƽ⣬ʵʲôǳѪɫӳɽģ
ͷ
ãҪ˻λѪɫӳɽһ򾡣ȱһѹ֡Ц֣³֮λ鰢Ѫɫӳɽӹ㣬ô
˵ף֣
̾˿֪ж𣿻λˮǰ棬ѪɫӳɽӣŮ洹ĸã񻰷ػ
ֻһ仰ǿƼһãһ޷ֵҵĴսаڻսУһʱ֤ʵ񲻱˶ô
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ŨŨţüëһаյõ
Ȼشңܼܲһʱ
룬ˮ䲻ݣһʱû⣡
ģˮԲ֣ĶǡӦɽ꣬ģŮ洹ĸã
һָ˸εѣ΢΢һЦ֣㵽ıʲô˵
ǺǣЩ˵Ͳˣʱ䣬Լȥɣ
ЦЦ˵Ĳùթһƣթֻǵһ
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۾˵ЦıףһΣǵһĿЦı
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Ͳ칬棬һһĿ̬Цƿ𽥱仯
һ죬ʱˮɱϢ˾ݴ½һʯǧˣΪʱֽ֮кõ֮ٹ֮
µļ󽫣Ҳʼı·
͸дһţҪͶ£ԯ֮ߣԶ⺣ͳ캣Ĵ󽫣Ҳ׷׸ĻͥǰҶǡ
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ҶǵĶʮؾǧǧЩֱּ΢Ҹæʵľɽǻû˻ܾЩҶͶϡ
ЩʼʱͶҲͨʾˮ䡭ѡ¾ҴʲôҪѡѡĺң˵Ƥӵѡˮ£һѡɣ
ˮ񣬶ڳͷȻܾջ칬һѡᣬ˭ʵۣһ
ΪֹЦļƻһüĿˡ
˵ڶ죬Ҷǿʼӿ
칬ƫ
ĸ
˾ϷˣҪʳ࣬ȻһֻСӬϸӬɿ첽һҡ
һ绪ǧӰ棬Ӧ֮ģ
߻վһɫ׵󽫡
󽫾͸һͺ룬ƺĿǣ
ĸŮոյõϢˣˮҪٿѡᣡ
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Ȥ󽫣ŤͷЦҲ˵ˮ佫칬ҪѪɫӳɽӣֻҪԸþˣ
ǣ˾˷̧ܵͷĸְɣ˽ǱҶǣΪ˵ȵһĻᣬѪɫӳɽ𣿡
𼱣Ҫһ룬᲻һıһ˿΢Ц
˾ҲЦˣ󽫵ıΣĸѾΪ;֣Ҳûһս֮ѽ
Ѿͷ˵Ҷأ
ץ󽫵֣ظȻˡȥ׼ɣȥμӹѡᣬҺ;ȥûѪɫӳɽӣ

ͬһʱ䡣
һ۵С
װ˽ǵļ꣬һưܵС棬ţ˵һ䰵š
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ô
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Ƿ̧ͷŮʱ£𣿡
ʲôÿĵģŮɬһЦˣû¶棬Ѿǰˡ
󱿵ɽλãȻŰ

칬һƫ
ɶ͸飬Ȼǵж˫˽˹ϵСڶģɱҴ֮ʱһһ˽
һԸ˵˼仰һ԰ɶ˵˼䣬˵꣬СһЦ
ãҪŬɱԷأ
ɶεҡҡͷǾͱˣ߰ɣʲô֪
һЦԼסƫ
ɶһƫһžСľǰ棬ҸյõϢˮٿѡᡭܲĻᣬԳû͵ϮõѪɫӳɽӣ
Σ
ﴫһ
ںһɣɶЦԲڶнǣӦҲ⡭ҴģӦһƫ棬ҲȥѪɫӳɽӣ
ֹӦ˾ϱģǽʱĻƽѪ壬ҶǾݵһɱʵ񸽽Ǿǿߵս
ȥ𣿡
ɶЦطʡ
ΪʲôȥЦ뻢Ѩɵûӣ
أɶգգۣҪûģҲ֪ӦڴˣӦսµһĴ˵ȻһЦôðɣڴӦһսһҪ߾ݴ½ŶֲֻĴ˵֮һһֻӥӥ죡
ߣ
һԸȥ׼ɣҲһ飬᲻ҲȥѪɫӳɽӣ
ʲôɶһ㶡
漴Ȼ򣬡ˣǰɱ磬Ҫɱأӥү


348 
⼸ǿ߻ǵʱ칬⣬¯
£
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ѡ᣿
ѹ޸컭ꪣϢķӳһʼ⼸һģһһλᣬԳˮ俪ʱȡѪɫӳɽӡ
˵˼ԸĻ֮ͻȻüͷһ壬һȣǣʵľʲô
ʣһ㶣ͷһ׼ʱһˣ󲿷Ͷ˸λҶǿ
Ķ˭жٱ
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Ͻԯ֮ߣıֻǧǧ򡭡룬⻹ʮ죬ıҲ࣬߰ǧٵֻǧ
һǧˣʮ˾ˣʮһٱأ
ѹƺ뵽ʲôȻһЦ
⣬ⲻͨļ˺ð죬ͷһ𣬴ʮ˰ɣ
ʮˣһһɵСӣ࣬Ĳ࡭ѹʮҪͻȻۺһ𣬾ʮ͵ϮսҶˣ
£Ѿˣʮܾۺһ𣿡ǲ⡣
ǰһ룬ˣʮǲܾۺˣҪûأ
ĿɿڴѹЦߣֻթܹ誵ƣֻһССʿ͵еǿ߻һãŰɣˮλǿʱܹ誣ͻùͻȻͳ˧ʮռ׶ȻʳƵǻ´Ҳ޷Ťת
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طԸˣѹص档
컭Ѿ޸ĲˣڻԱߣƯǸֵ衣
棬ѹĬĬ
ϣѹ飬սػʤϵص棬ֻˣҲܸնʮƽ

ʱת˲˵졣
һ죬ˮҪٿѡϢѾȫ˿ҶǵȻ峿ʱһλҪμ칫ѡԼҵĲ磬һλڳϯ·ϱ˰ɱϣΪ˼ѡĶ֣ǹش
ɱҶǣֱѪɫȾ졭
칬ߴˮݶϣ΢ЦؿѪȷĳС
վıֹ
꣬˵ʲôˮ䲻õصһۣվˣоôǵĻ˵վڿҵߣԲˣ

һ䣬üˮӣ롭ȥμӹѡᣬһ֮ڶǻ᲻˳û͵Ϯҵ繬ǵѪɫӳɽӣ繬氡
ʲôˮŵغǻλֱĴʦĸˣټ񻰷˭ܵУ
ˮӣֻһ͵ϮоԵס񣬿ɾ¡ĿɨҶǣɵ۹ֿлƽѪ壬ʳ̫ˣЩǿֳλʦѲڣزס
һЩ϶ѣ
ˮܲġųЦһӻȡһɫԲ򣬡ûбס񣬾Ͱȥڵ桭ڣˣһնɱ
ǡ
ӹɫԲ˿һƬַתȦͻȻϻһǺɫġ
̲סƬɫ
ӷ𣡡ͻȻһţŮʩƶɮǳ֮򲻿ƨɵģ
ŵľһٿ˿ԭɫԲһֺֻˮӣӡ
ס繬
ˮЦһߣɸǿǰʮ仯Ҹ׵̸죬Ѿں˼˵۾ݣûбǿı˶٣Ҳģ֪˭ô
겻˵ʦ˿ӱָӦһ󣬾ǺݣӵĪǾǡǧ
ǰǧˮ仺Ѿһ֡ףᣡ
Ȼɫ䡭

ѪɫУҶӭ˵ĳ
һ磬ˮ˵λ칬֮һ࿴˿ʮֻ˰˸ˣȥһֱû¶ĺȻһҹ֮䱻ɱ
ͬʱ칬һ¥棬Ӹµظ칬Ρ
͸ߣЦͨϵĹЦһжѾ׼ҵĲô

Եһ΢ʿˮºһ֮ѲʮԳû׶ɹʵǻļȶʵһתһҾͿˣƬ֮󣬾ݵǿǻȥ͵Ϯ繬ֻҪסһʱܵõѪɫӳɽӣ
һʱԣҪƴ
ЦҪͣһµ̽
ˣ⴫Ϣԯ֮ＸλѾҹ̵ظˣѾλͶϣפڳ⣡
Ǻǣûʱϸ˵ˣЦǸȥ繬ɣסӴῪʼһ𣬼һʱ

ͷҲΪʲôֻҪһʱƴȥ
Цͷԣ
֪繬𣿡ЦסҪҪȥ
֣ô򵥵飬æô
ٺһЦƺο繬ˡ
¥߳Ƭ֮ҶǵĽӪ
֣۾Լľ칬ķ򡭡
֣ǵòǰԼôͻȻ֣۱
㣬㡭֣ۺðŻһؿڵúл˵ӡʵں°
ӻ֣Ҫȥ繬Ұһݡ֣˵ҶǵĽ󽫣ʺģ
͸ú׼ˣ
֣Ū°ͣӴϳһӣһ˽ףúʱһ֧ȥ繬֧ӵĸԳ繬κһ䣡óһױţҸʵױţȻ㽻̸
ϣ㶼׼ˣ۾һ
֣۵ЦЦúѾͶˣҲʹˡҵܸǲǣʴ˵ľǲǣٺ٣֪û˽ǻʵˡԺͬƳҪϸأ
һ㶣漴Ц
֣ۡ
νͶӣ˵ľ˰ɣ


349 Цɫ
ʱ֮˽еףһ֧ǧ˵ľǰ繬ߺ󲻾ã֣ۿʼ򿪼ǵС·ԯ֮ЩЧڹʵľӴС·Ҷǣ֣۵ľӪܻϣߴʮ֮ڣ
ֹ˼ӣ칬˴Ὺʼ߽˾Ӫ
ǣϵ˭ô
ս񣡡
ս񣡡
ʮܵľɲټͶ֣ʮʮƵصͺȣûдӪ
ô벻ʵۣǶǿԪѫ
ٴκʣ
£
£
ʮ¶˿ȵɣصͷһֱָҶǵķ򣬡ԯˣһʱ֮ڣ֣ãе⣬ҰŶУҪҶǵϵͳֻҹһ˵ģ
֮ǹ㣡
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ܺãļ򣬡ȥɣԪ˧£
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֣۱Ҷǵر󽫣ؼʱڽֻʹķ˭Եĵط
ֻ֣ʮӵʱͿ칬Ȼһӣÿһ·κ˽
ֹһ󣬳ҪŶʵľӽӹˣȥǱţɻû칬Ӱӣͱ֣۵ʿɱ
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칬棬繬
繬˽йҲʽĶŶաһľׯ԰£ܹ߲عÿһ㶼˻֮ɱ塣
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ʵĵ񣬾Ͳ˵߲㣡
Ҫû֣۵İţһɱȥ˵߲㲻սҲҪ۸ˣ˸ݣЦһ·¥ݣӾ˵¥ݿڡ
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ĸֱŮ˵ձܵġ
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ĩǽפƣɳɤӵ

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ʦ̫һ𾴵ĳƺĩõǣ繬ÿһ䣬߲ܽ㣬ȥ޷
Ҳʲôʱڣκ˶ý߲㣡
Ĳͷػ˻֣ߣҵϽˣҪЩϵİ
˵꣬˵߲ڴز
ɣ
ˮҲɵϣҲǿ˶Եı
ʲô취ܽȥأ
Դ룬ҲĶУҵׯϷǲԹʡ
һгĶԴʽġ
һҲߣ˶ʮĺУһ׼ķ֮
˵ׯϷߣׯϣׯϡ
ĵ۾ͻȻˣ
Աߵʿһͷˮ֪˵ЩʲôΨмŷʿͺһš
ʩҲҷˣ΢΢һЦĳƺѾϣʩ
ЦƶɮȾƣ⣬쳾ɫҷУ
Ǻǣ
Ķʱ߿һۣͬΪз֮ˣƶҲΪɮѡұĴţϽ編ػɮҪб½ȥƶ㲻ɮˣ
лˣ
ЦеվšϹȻһѰǽȥģʵһƣ߽˵µĵ߲㡣
һĻ˫ֺʮӷ𡭡Ȼ

µ߲˵󲻴˵ССԲٲһտʵĵкͶڴ롣
ãλɮֱվڵΧİ˸䣬ټſڵģǾŹ󷨵ĸ֡Ÿ˺͵֮䣬һ硭ǽɣûֶֻһչˣѵΧ

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˵꣬һͲ¶˳ɣµһ⵽Ϯ˵ٶȷǳ죬ס

ͲҲѾͻƵһ˵µڶ㣡
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Ů㸺ǾŹۣʦ֣ȥһ˰ɣ
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Ӣ޿֣ǸӦŮߺ޵غһλʦ֣ȥһҪѸӦڵĲ֮ϣ
ĸֱɮһ۾ĵɵĹߣǳȥ
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ɣ˵Ĳ㣬跨ݻķϵͳٶ̫ˣԮȻֲ˼ӣ
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ЦеĿɱȥͻȻԼĹʺ˴󱬷ˣ
һĸĸãдɮȻȫˣʵ񸽽ȻֻʣԼ
ŵҿ˿յģ¥ݿڲʱĺĵıƴ֮Ѿ˽Լ͸Ļ壬㲻ĵĶ֣Ҳ֧żӡ
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ЦҲû뵽龹Ȼ˵˳ɣ
ţͻȻһҵȭ磡
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ǹճһ˿Ц̫ϤȭζˣǰԼǱһȭʬ޴ô

ǿ߷׷ױȻ̵󣬵Ҳǵһ˽
ҲҪѪɫӳɽô͵ػعһȭӳ

ֻȭͷײһΧĿһŤȻӰ˿վԭزķɵȥʮ߰˲ǽϲ
ףŮ洹ʹ£Ȼһǿߣ
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һ׮׮ؼɫҲԽԽѿ̨ƺϤңеժߣҿһ˭
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㶵һ˲䣬ϨĻͻȻӿȼܴ߲㡣
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֣ҴͲӢۣЦеҾǸС۵ĺУг𱨳ԹԹ
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ת쵽ԼĴ󣬿ɾʱһЦλСֵܣϷˣ˿ɲǺϰߣɱˣһо;õڶеġ
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ͷԷȵʱѾģɱµĵ߲㡭


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ȴҷ׷ӦЦһû˵ǾȴǴӮˣðô
ǧ꣬Ҳˣϲ֣Ҫ𣿡ҪŭȻǾݵǿߣҲһܵס׵ɱһ
һ˿ζ
̾˿Ըܼ򵥣ĳ˵꣬˱£

۾һղǻڵģߵҲһİںˣȻҪ󡭡ֻҪҪ󣬾ͿԳΪѪɫӳɽӵˣ
һ£ˣ׻ͳػʳĺѪ
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Ҫ۲̬仯ˡ
ػʳǧˣʱֱɱһΣҲǵĺᣡҡͷһ̫ˣˣҪԶһˣ
ʳĬƬ̣Ҳ֪ѾãٴθҲֻһ̸ˡԽҪǾˣһͳݣȻԡءΪţ
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ģμ䣬һԼǸƽ塣
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µǣ˿ûһ񻰱ľһ֮󣬻ƣŽһžݺݾһƣ
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353 󻰰1
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ǰӣĵ˾ͻعֻ񻰱ѾĸŭˣȥĹͷƨɣǻʢŭΪǿһ
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Сôģ
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Դ𣿡۾һͷǾͶѪɫӳɽһ

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תȻŽɫ֪ػΪλҪ͸ˣƾŹ򣿡
ӷ𣡡ɫͻȻһֻһߣΧҲһߵİֺӣģСãӲӵɷǿɰ
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ʲôôǧһԶ֮£ĹͷƨɣͲ¼ŭɫʵҲˣﲻɫʲôֻҪʦ̾ͻ

ﲻɫʲôأúǿղǼԼҪȥӣҲᱻĲҲ˰ɣ
ڲ˵ʱ֣òɫµƬΧԼϡ
е㲻ģСʵɫʦӭǧӦֵܺݣɻˮ
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ϣжʱһȣҲˮ䣿
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ޣĴսѾˣ֮ͳһݣҪͳһݣұںϣΪһӣ
ĻشĺܳϿңҲСģþҪںϣһ棬ҵ޴ѧϰĻѧϰʽһ桭Ҫһ㹻࣬䵱๵ͨںϵ׿˫ֻҪҵõܵõܴһϿɣ
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Цˣ
ȤҽһС𣿡ؿ˿ڡ


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һԭ磬һǻ˼漫µڰнɱһУֻлżɫӰкɫķ
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358 һһ㣡
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359 ޽
Ǿͱ˵ϻˣˣ
ӥһʣʿóһ·
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ãҲȥˡ˵˴޽Ѿӵ˺Ů洹аģһزɫ㹻ˣںߵһССϺССϺ˵յˣɱ֮󲻺úռ氡
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360 
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ɵӻɸУҪ¶ؼ칬ˮ䡭
֣֣Сӥһ칬Σ
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Ǻǣ𼱣ЦλСֵߣӡӣһһЩط֤񲻻ϳ
Ŷ۾ˣСӥ֮һϵ

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Щ취̫鷳ˣ
ô䵭ҵİ취һ仰˭ϳɱڣ



ðû˵
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361 vsݣ1
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仯ֻһԵɽΪꡪţ

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ʵǻˣ
һλԸˣ̷칬
˪֣۸ߺ֣㻹Ǻǣźظ㣬еѾڹУԳʿûףûбҲûá˵ǻ𣿡
˭óã˭ǾӵˣѾڹ£
˪Ȼɫ䡣
ֻǾе⣡֣˹֣ãеĲŶѾǹʱµˣЩ˵Ҷǵİջǵ𣿰յ򣬲ʵۣˣѾڱµͳ֮£
һξˮ䶼ɫˣ
ǵģˮʵǿȥϮ춼˵֮пʵԴ
ɱ˹ʣ
ʲôмȶʵ˵һеѾڹУˮɱһˣɱһٸˣɱһˣɱˣβڸս书ǿͿˣǿƹԴƿعһе
һУʶѾˣ
Ҿˮɱȥ춼бɱ
һЦ磬ͨɱˮɱˣ
ˣ
װˣ
ʣˮ䲻ĵش֪Ҿ֪ǶʼҵӢŴ߻λ֪ȲҵòҪڶ͸ҵĻλҰ
Ȼ
֣̲סЦȻʿˡˮ伤֮£ɱйߣ
֣ۿɵסˮģ
֣۵ķӳ˰ģˮ֮ͻȻضסıӰ
֣ۣ㱾Ĳֹ֧ʡһͽЦλҰˡͽľӣй߰ɣ
˵ţ궫ʩЧ칬ǰķԲʮ֮ڶھ֮У
ҡ
濪ʼɱÿһʿ֣ۺʮȻˮһ˸Χˣ
ҽڶȷѪ̼Ӿ
Զ칬һ¥ϣӰĮעһУ
еӰһɫףֳַ컭ꪣǱҡ⣬ѹ顣
̫ˣüͷҪ̶ô
ͷ컹û
ĺʿȨһУͷ쵽˵
ͷ죿ȫɫս׵ı诣Цһ˵ӥСӣֻһͷ죬˾ǳˣǺαص
Բң
ӥͻȻһذףҲĲϣҲһĲ£
ߣһָذףͷ죬ٵˣ
ϻ˵Ȩ䳰ȷӥ΢΢Ƿͷ죬ˮѾйߣǺʱ֣
ӥ̧ͷ΢â
ͬһʱ䣬â˸Σӥѯʲ֪ںηĴͷ
ͷǿԳôʵ
â˸һһƬγ֣
ңâ˼ǣ۾֮ѾսָӶս
ˣ诲غԸһˮ䣬־㹻ˣαس۾֮һ
֮󣬴ͷͲʵˣȨ̾˿ʶǡһǲǺݵĶ֣֣񺺴󽫣һһӵģ
ߣ
⼸Ҳغһ
ˣҪԹˣȴӥԸȻ̧ͷעâ
ʱһһعȥ
ˮɱʱֱѾ֣۵ʮɱʮ֮һѪȾ칬Ҷǵÿһ䡣
ʱ
âͻȻɿ˸ߴΣÿһΣָ˲ͬķ
󣬺ϻˮ䣡
â仯ӥһˮ䣬ֻѹ˰ģԵʵ⼸˰֣
ˮͷӥذףһɱˮʺ
ȨӶ󽣣նɱˮ˫ȡ
诲ָ絶ֱˮ˫ۡ
߸ˣֱʱˮ䡣
˭
ˮбߣ֪Ҳ½͵㣬ֱѾƤŸӦɱ١
ʩЧ򭣬ҷ̽ʩЧͬһεˮ˱ı
ǾӵķǿҲһޣ
ӣžžžžžžž죬ˮľ֮ˣ
ˣ
һЩʹЦ
˵̫磬ӥʩЧݾͿˣ
ݣǣҲϲ֣ǧĲ׺ɣ֮ѾҲˡ
ˮ侵飬ʬʱﴫһö
һǹҲˮС


362 vsݣ2
ǹ֣ˮƶȻһ䡣
Щǻ񣬸ûڡ֪Ҿ֪Թ϶Ȼһɺ֮еɱ̴ÿһ˵
ݳˣɱ
ӥǵһκͺݽ֣ľٶȺ;ԵĹԥóǿһС
ʱ
ҹյâ˸ĴΣһ
˺󣬾ݰ֮⣬󣬷
ˣ
ʼǿߣɱһ˲֮䣬˭ϷѾĻᣡӥһغһеذٴδˮĺģɫףֿȭıҲ⺺˫ˮš
ͷ죬诣Ҫô
ʿȨüʱ䲻룬Ѹӥͺ֮ѡ񣬵ͺһͬһ壬ͷ֮ҵ׷棡˵߾ٴ󽣣ڻӥĹơ
ⳡ棬ᣬ⣬λҲ׷ӥֻѹ飬ⱱɨǿյؿ˿ƴӥһȺ֪ηɵϡһǧ꣬ǿ߱Ǽ˶࣬ľô
Цһѹԥطա
ⱱѾٴΧסˮ䣬ʵ֤ӥ̫ˣ̫ˣҲ̫߹ʵˣ
׷ǰÿһ˶ӵбϮɱϽʵڣǵĶǲ˼꣬ݣ
ˣ
λΧߵһ̣ˮеĳǹ֮ӥʱؼѾǹ̴ǹͷؾֱ˹ȥ
ֻףͿԹӥ࣡
Ѿǹģ֮겻ɱݵҲӥĶУ˵ȥɣҪٳǰ
ǹͷһ˦ӥ˦˰ա
ӥ̴һ˲䣬ˮѾķֳӰӰǹֱ
ǹҲȻǿһһǹӥڶǹȻһΪȨ޿ɱܣǹ˻ؿڣһˣһڵѪѪҺлһЩճĶƺĳ౻ˡ
ǹͬһʱˣεǹٴαһΪģıǹϤ˱ļϣһұۻ촷ۡ
ǹıǹΪ˱һȣˣ
ǹ˱Ϊʮ⣬ܣ

ǹʮÿһǹǹͷһǹʱѾʮǹﵽ˿ֲʮ
ˮĹ˼һģʮ֮һǹͻ̳֣Բٲ֮ڵĿǹͷתͬƥ˺ѣȻ˺һڵմ
ʱѾѹسȥǹǰֻʣ˺ɫ׵ı诣
һ˱޿ɱܵķâϢش诵š
ںݵԤУ诺ӥͬһĶ֣Ǿ͸ͬ˺ˣǹոպ诵زӴݾ;ĲԾŮˣǹƫ˰磬诵ؿڴ˹ȥĳƽ븾ƴɱȥ˵ǹһ说˰ա
һ棬ô
ӥ˲Զ칬Ĵϣ޴ĳĴźķ飬ӷǡÿ⼸λ񱻳ǹɣȫܵĳ档
µǣӥˮıǵµǹһǹȴͨġľǹ
һľǹ
ֻһľǹͻ˱񣿣ǹʮֻõ˵εӣ
ĺݣ˭ܵУ
ϧˡȨӥߣ󲻸ĵشһµ棬˺ݣֻľ
˵ϻˣ
ӥȻŭˮ䣬һͳ챱󣬽ȴøһͿأģǿ˿ˮеľǹҲòԼʧˡҪĲǶƴɱ취ߣ
ˣˮ䲻ᣡ
ɿشһڣӥȫ峷ˣԤϣ˵ɱ˾Ͳɱˣûǣˮȴĵش󺰣ݣΪʲôˣɱЩ˶ʼҵӢɱǣɱǣ
ߣӯ׿αؿأ
ݵǳƽ͸һɿµĳȻ
ݣҲʼҵӢô
ˮ𣬡ã㲻ϰңǻȥˣڡҹȥʩЧ򭣬ٴսô
Ȼܣ
һֹУʩЧ򭾹Ȼûб׻ĵԹ޵þû˶ʼˣˮ䣬һƴ𣿸һģʩ𣿡
кβң
ˮȻһЦͻȻ֮䣬Цһ˿רŮԵġ
仯һ˲䣬ܶͬʱˣ
ӦǱӥһˮı仯֪鲻âźţ֪δĺε̾˿âӦ԰ȳ²֣͵ϮɱУ񡭡ǰɣ
һĻȫʧҹ֮С
һڻˮ䡣
͸ˣ׷̬֮Ѿܺ侲̫ǿˣǴ޽̫ͼҲĶ֣ץˮ䣬ֻѰһر𡯵Ļᣡ
ʱˣˮ˺ݣҪл궫ʩЧ򭡭
ⲻһرĻô
ʩЧǿлһ˲䣬ܻЩֻҪԼץסˮ䲢ǿ̸
뵽ɺԥط
ˮͷɴ̫ͼ߳ȵˮҵСӣҰ޻
ˮ·л꣬עȫڷ棬ͻȻͷһȣɫһ䣡
ǿͷһɫĽ⣬ѾԼˮǺȻʧ̫ͼķô
á
֮ĵЦǶеİԹһ˵Թˡ
㲻ǵ汾ˣЦ̫ͼɱҡһЩأ
Ŷ
ҲЦǾһԣ
ɫˮȫɵսɹˣץסˮлˮȫ̫ͼ֮ڣ
ǣ
ˮҪ̫ͼܵʱĶʩЧҲѾ׼ϣ

꣬ʩЧ򭣡
񼶣
ģһѧԱ֮ʩ
仯ʩ

ʩЧģģǧĴ֮ףʩĵô
ԶʩЧǿһУǸƶѧģһʩ
ʩʲô
ʵ˵ɻ治֪
ӥʱѾӵ˰ȫشҲ֪ʩЧʲôһ䱱Ȩõ˻ش֮ӥ￩һ¡
ɣæܣСģĴ˶ѾΪ꣬ÿ˶һбɱʩЧǿ֮ڡģʩıɱһУ


363 ɱ
ʲô
ҲоˣˮѾ̫ͼˣǡȻ̩Ȼ
Ĵ궼ǿǶһͬԣջˮӥЦǰϢĽǵˣʩ˵ˣ󻣬
˵Σ
ü󻣬˶Ѿ˲֪꣬
ɻͨô
ԣ
ͻȻ뵽˵갢빫սĳ棡
һսһ״裬ͥİ˻
ǽʱգʩҲˣǷĸ֮۷磬Լн֮׳ɽӵԽˣ
˶ѾΪʷǵˣȴɢھݴ½ڤڤ֮УһۺȻƥеĿֲ
˵ʱˮѾʩ
ϵͻȻɢˣһѩ³ȹ趯ţأɫɫɫɹâ˷۵ߡ
̫ͼūҵʩҲأ
ˮһ赸һöɫ㣬ԳԵЦǷĸˣ칫ɢҲƣʺ£Щ»Ҿ֮ˣ̫ͼ˵ô
̫ͼȻЧ
ˡö˺ɫĹ㣬֮ǰǱ쵱ĴأһЩ֣㳦רɱȾѷɫһҹ׷㣬ɱȹֶãһʥ䣬˼дġӱҲ׸ءЩȻˣǵӢǧŲ񣬶ҵ˻
˵˫һ֣ɫˣȻͽ̫ͼĽɫ˺ѣ
ˮѷ֮УȻǰ
󡭡ָһһɫĹâָ⣬Խнʮ꣬Խʿ̴⣬׳ɽ֮ɱ㣬㹻˰ɣ
âһ㣬ɵؿڣ

ۡ
ûѪ꣬Ļɢ䣬Ҫɢˣ
ʩЧȻݵҲѾǿĿֲǷ
֣һǲ⡭ӮͽϹæ
ɼɢʱЦе˫һջڤ긮
ۿɱˣȴ˺һ֣ˮŭغһ˭أ
˭ػһ䣬ǻˣ
˵ʲô
ˮͷ˿Ҳףǿߵˣ̫ͼǿҳײ֮£ӲؾɣҲһСĶ֣
һξ룬ˮش˼
СһҪղ˳ͷôˮĵЦҪŶˣɾҪūйأ
֪֪ҲСشˮ䣬ȴĵص٩뱨ңǾɣ
ߣԼඣ
ˮһЦ˫һ㣬ɫķ˻סɫˣ͵Ϯ
ɫ˻ʮľ룬;Լһӿѹˣ֫ƺصȻܶһ£
ѹɻܣһ֮ˣȻǷ˿ƥеģ
ǵ˵ģǿµˮ䣡
л޽
ڤ긮д˼ҪЭսܾˣ֣Ѿˣˮ仹ǽְɡ֣˵ô
ĳĬԣɱɣ
ɱ
ֻأ
һζðɲʮ㣬ɫͬһ˺ҧԼؿڣ˫ŷһأǿѹȥ
ܶսˮЦ˳СһΪʲô£ԭֻܡڴ֮£ӵõô
˵ţûĺͻȻӿٶȣ̳һȦȦ档
ϣһл治öԸ
Щͷʹˣ˫ڱһۣĵأҪɳӲƴ
ʱƽ˵һ仰
ڴΣ£ռеˮ£ƺڵһĵĶ֣ĺȻˮ
ˮ
է֣˰Ѫɫӳɽõˣ
һˮ֣Ѫɫӳɽӵɱ֮Уһɱˮô

ԽԽ˫Ÿ߾һ˫֮гͣûмڳ֣ǽѪɫӳɽӵע֮С
ȫ꣬κʽԷ
죬ѪɫӳɽӣںһͷĻͻȻߣצҲ˸ӷļ̣֮ɱˮ˫һţһϤ˺ɫ֮ϣ
ûо춯أ޹ɱɱˮͺһӴһڻһؽΪΣȻһ˺ҧͽ̽˶У
ô򵥣
ԼЩˣڵˣԼˣ
ɱˣһ
ƽ͵һ飬ԦŻɿˮϮ
ˮ俴Լḷ́һӣٷӦʱѾ˽ǰʽˣ˫ֺؿڣɫԽҪӲƴ
Խھݶϣ࣬ȺɽبΪ
ŰĽ˵̷ѪɫӳɽӵɱצĻȻһ䣬ȫ˺صʯۼףҲ˼ʮͬһΡĸɽ
ɱ
ɽƵɫԽһײͽײâ䣬ɢ֮䡣
ûüϲٴδ˹ֻʣ·ˡ칫£ɱ㵱ף
ٺ٣Ȼף
һһȫӲӣ˫
ɱ
ɫͬһĵ⣬׾ٵػˮߵĽɫˣХˮͷϡ
ڼնɱˮʱͻȻͣˣɫˮͷֻնļͷ
ˮ䲻ɱ
ɱɸ϶ö¶ģ
õѡˮ䣬ɸö¶ˣ
뵽Цеûˮˮ֣ί㼸ˣ
ˮͷ
ˮ֣𲻿²ѣ
ˮļ˵仰ˮ䡭ǵͷ
ԣ
͵뵽ˮ䲻ǲʧܣлɣ
ɣ
Լ˶ʩЧ򭣬ɻûܺأ
Ҫ䱸ݵѾУǲɫˣĲɫĵЦЦɫ⼸ɸûúݿġʽɣûҪˡˮѾˣ
ˮ䡭ˣ
۾ˢһ¾
ˮˡȥģȲΪʲô֮鷳ֱضźݵķ
֡Ц۾ˣˮˣҲˡ


364 һ
ꣿ
һ۾Ϳ˼
ˮʬ߳һѩɫĳֵۣһǹһG봫˵ͬǣİ沢ɫףһɫĵۡ
ˮˣҵԵҲѾ˽ˣ
ݵһЦת첽貵ҹա
֣߰Ĵ󺰣Ϊ꣬ˮǰɸ϶ܷġ
Ҳȥɸˣ
ݵЦţ֮ʱϽԼˮ䣬ڷһˣˮ֮գҲҹԲ֮ʱ
֣ȥҲɣɽк̨һԡ
᲻÷һ꣬ԽԽ죬ܿʧĻ֮С
ô£
ˮͻȻˣ
˵ʲôԲҪȥɽ硭
׺Ϳˣ
ݣϲˣ
źݵıӰĲɫͻȻ˵
ɫô£㹧ϲʲô
ʦղͽŰոݣһӷ𣬺ҲûϷˣɫԲϣεɸ˵ݺܶǰлɽˣǱˮ份ѵģǷˮһ飡
Ͻ˵ֻҪȴˮͿԷţղˮ˺ݣԼ͵˼ǣңԲˣ
ɣ
ݺݵһ䣬ȥɽ磬Ҳܰһ
˰ɣ
̾˿ϵĵԲԵҲˡѾꡪ˶٣죬ݱǲ˼û취ǿģ
û취ǿ󣡣
źʧããҹ֮У޻˵
Ȼ֮䣬Ӧǵţʲôظһ仰
ԭЦի֮գ̨֮ԵټĬƬ̣ЦҽչԲǰ̨ͣϣҲ飬Ϊ֮ɣ
ի֮գ̨֮
΢΢һ㶣ȥݶ仰Ѿ֪ȥ
仰ֻУɺͰûһ˼ţһòɫˮʬ塣
װˮûӣһʬһʬЦص٩һɸͲ֪ˮѶҲ᲻ΪѶ¶ˣ
ˮ֧߰ɣ
ʬ֮ЦеشǾȥɸҪˮ䣬ի֮գ̨֮ң
˵꣬Ҳããҹ֮С
ߺ󲻾ãӰˮսĵطػ࿴˿ͷһ̾˿߰ɣ̽Ϣתүͷˡܸղ˭°ɸĴү죡
죿ߣɸʲôʸ죿
ԶԶ仰Ц
ɫҲڼˮ򣬺ܿ˽ۡˮ֮ڶʩЧʽȫԴڶʼɣֶʼɵöʩģʩıɱҲˮ˳ɵѹ
˵ˮǱʩЧ򭷴ɶģӦһ䡰һƴ
ʩЧҲ֮ɢˡ
ǣ
Ƨ̲סʳеʣղźݶ˵ի֮գ̨֮ң˭֪ʲô˼
̨֮
ȻʧЦˣ̫ͼʱҲ˵Ҫȥһ˸̨֮˵Ѿʸȥʷˣ

ʬʱҶԱȺɽ֮У
꣡
꣡
ӵѹ飬˶ţ˿ڻѪ
һݣЩӰͻȻɽͷɨ۱񣬡ʧˣ
ˣ
񶼵ͷ
ͷӲʧߣˣǾҪۣûһᣬ⣬Ѿ˷ˣͷҪзϣף
ף
˶ЦǶݷϵһ֫壬ȬҲûյʵˡ
ó֮λһ֮ڣһһǵλã
ţĿֻص˺ʿȨϣȨƽᣬΪͷЧղ˽Կٲ˵ģ
ȥͷҪɱҪУƾͷһ仰Ȩ쳤̾һзϵһ߳ɽڡ
ʣˣѹ飬ӥ诣
ҡ⣡ѹ˵ͷ忹ֻô
ңѹüëһڣҲڣλֵõң
ӥͷһ۽ˣӴ˽Ϊͷӣ
Ȼһָɫ׵诣诡ЦһһȤ⣬ʼ֮ǰͻȻʧ˰ʱܸңʱȥô
һЩС鷳Ѿˣ
޶Եػش
С鷳ЦһҿһЩù飬ǰɣ
ѹ飡
ȣͷҪжĵͽҽΪ࣬ͳ񣡡ɭȻ诣ĵһ񣬾ǸͷŻǰʱʲôȻ󡭡ɱ
˵겻˷ӳʱ䣬ץӥʧҹ֮С
ɽֻʣѹͱ诡
ɱңͷҪɱң
ŵؿ˿ѹ飬֮ͻȻԳЦҲԣЩұŴͷ˺ܶ಻֯飬ҲӦõġѹ飬ʲôɣ
֣
ֻҪɱ诣ܳΪһ䣬ջһҰĵѹ龹ȻĬˡ
ʱ诿ˣѹһֻ־ܸɵģ
֣ԳЦЦҵƣ֮ھɱңαԥôã
ѹ黹ǵؿ诣Ȳ˵Ҳûй˼
ѹ飬㵽ʲô说ʶˣʲôÿģ
ǵģʶܾˣ
ֹ˺ܳʱ䣬ѹڿˣЦʶôãһ֪أʼ磬ôȤһô
죿̲סЦѹ飬ǲǰʱ֮ʲô죡
ǰʱ⻹ò飿ѹҡͷһЦǰʱڸӦʬǡÿˣǱ繬
㶼ˣɫһ䡣
ֻˣһ뵽ˣ
ѹָָԼĶͷ¾֮ʮеʮһˣҲʧˣΨһôȥ
ҶǵĴԣԪС¶գʶǻˣԪСıȴûпʼ˵ʲô
һǰʱ㲻ϧΥҲҪȥֻһֽͣǾǣĸҵʹҶǣ˵ĶôԪС㣿
˵ѹЦű诡
ѹ飬ҵ͹ˣ
ժϵףͬٲĳɢ޵ڳֳңԪ


365 ᱮţ1
ѹһݣԪ̹Ȼˡ
һ֣µ콣УԪЦҵѾʶˣʲôִɣ
ΪʲôҪִк
ѹͻȻ׿˷컭ꪣ£ϷƵظԤһӲƷԪС㣬ԴͷжģѹֺγĹȤһʽôֻҪһЩССİҾͿ԰թͷ
Ҫʲô
Ԫ䡣
ի֮գ̨֮
ѹ΢Цի֮յԼҪˣѾ׼˻ƽʬ壬ܿͻȥԼԪС㣬ֻҪի֮գվҵߣ
֪Լ᣿Ԫ㵵
ʷԼᣬô᲻֪
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366 ᱮţ2
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۾ҪΪУ⻰һ˵˵óô
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367 ս
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СӲȻһЦļޣ̫顭繬ʼҸһ·һֱ
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ǿ϶вǷҪϽսɣ

ţȵ˵ͷǧѹƣѾ̫ķǿ߶Ͻ粻ˡǵ㿴ĻƽڲҿԸ㣬ƽԴŵһߣǾȻϽ֮⣡
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368 ·
ƽԭƺһγһԵĴϿȡ
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ԽԽģüɫطųһֻеСŮһСС񣬿ɣȥ߹ңս񡭡ҼҼƻˣҪȥ޼ƴɱأǱԮ
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УȥƱѶ
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ȵͷѾŤˣ૵ֻ³֣ȣ
Ҳڸī΢΢üͷ

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Ȼûж⣬Ǿȥպ޼ѣ˲һָڡ
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ôһ㶡
Ǹ֪Сӣ˳Ϊʬ壬ϸ̨СӣʬƱˣ·أϸ̨·أ
·
ǰ̨ʲôطû֪õ˻ƽʬҲ֪·
Сӣ㣬۾ʱֻʮŸˣǵ϶ȥ̨·һָԼؿڣЩԷҪȥģ۾ܾǸһǴŻƽʬ壬֮ȥǻϣ
ܵţ
Цֻһ취궫ٻƽһƽ彵ʱһ֮ţԣޱ뱻׼Ȼͨŵĵ·Ὺ


369 ֮1
ԭȥԼҪһ·
ɫˣ޼Ǳð޿һ֮ͨ·ġޱ뱻ϼ̳뱻׼
ȻˣǾûл͵ˣ
ٺ٣Ȼֶô˵ˡ
˺˼طԸѪɫӳɽӣҲɱ˰޵ļˣϢһˡ޽
أ϶һۣһɵɷĳʣ
ɫҲһֻ޴ĵҷС
СӣײɣҪף
΢΢һЦҪɱվҪ֣ʵǹȥֻ
Ԫ˧Ƿ׷׵ͷ
ǣֱ棬밢ʶһ꣬ȴֱ꣬ôôαΪһ겻ŮˣԼ
֣ôƺãǽܣ
ƲƲ죬δСӣߴ˸ķϣҲɱ㣡
һȻЦˡ
ˣҪ԰޲벻ҲҪˡͷȻҲôϣһȫʬɣ
˵ţͷѪɫĹâ
Ͷô
ٺһЦ޽İ֮˲ƵԷת˲ıȻīдһ
ÿٶȣ
һ־ͽѹ·磬ͳͳɫޱ䡭øղûóȻ֣ȻƾһУԼѾֻʣ¹ǻˡ
ô˿ֲ
ںȻɫȴǲŲæ˵书һɣһǰ޴޼Ҳ鹦޼ҵ书Ը޼޴
һ벿һ㣬޴ʮɫĹâۿҪɢˡ
ϣֹȻϢѾʱˣҵ书·ͱˣ
Ҳɣֻǳѵ˿ʱеĽɫһĻٴξۺΧɱȥ
۾һ˹ȥɻû֣׷һ·ϿͱڸȻǺ¡¡һ죬ͱĦʯҷɡ
ɢ֮ʱȵվڰУϯͱڣѾĨһƽİ¡
ͷ۽µĵòޱ䣬ͻȻһĨս⣡
ҵĶ֣ѪɫĴ󽣳УЦɣ㿴һĽ񷣬֮
ⲻɵĽô޻ᣬôҲ᣿
ڰϼһˣЦЦһӷӭȥ

˾ڰɱſ˳˫д޽֮ھǵĹΧͬһű֯һ̻ڰһĲӰ
վԭزһѪɫĴ󽣻迪ͬһ𲻶Ѫɫ
겻ôǿֵز
ڵ¿Ŀɿڴ˵ڵʵȡ׼޼ҵŮ
У˷űһʼŮҪҪ֪Ѿ
ף
һ˲ǿ쿴ʽǲЩ졭ƺҵЩأ
ģ˵٣˿˿һͷȻǺ񣬲˫ֵ̥ܣ书·ƣҲʲôֵɣ
֣
һ˱
͵Ťͷһֻһòλƣֻʸ壬һ۾ֳ˳Լı
˭
޼ҼˣȻû˿ιģ
µǣ˳˵ıӰȥֻʮҵĲбѾվϿȵķ嶥֮ϡ
Щ˻һֻ֣ϹһֻۣǾԲҺǵĴڡҲбӪǵƺˮϣյĶҩŸӦĴǿߣ
ǿһ֮УڲҲֻоһȭ޾ӢŵٲܼԦǣ
ҵĴ磬ȻûٺЦǾ΢ЦȤ㣬ȻҲ˱Ҳȥ˱͵ô
̬ȫû޼ҵ˷
٣˷ŭҾˮˮʲô
˵ѽ˹ջĿ⣬εʼ磬ҪңҪ֣ȥҵСĸѹ鶨˸ԼҪҲȥμʲô֮Լֻ޾յҪȥԼֻ׼޵˳糵ඣ
ôһ°ɣ
٣ҲѾΪ˶һҴ󽫣Ͷ͸һ۷ţ
λ˼ңһҪ׼޵ģҰǵס׼΢Ц׼һԺһȥţ·ҲиӦ
һݾܾ飡
Ǽֻ˼˼ӣż̳˵ͷ
ĸ˳
ƹʿĸ֣ѷ˵׼ǺһȥţǸ֮Լ
ţգգۣһȥô
ǺȻĬˡ
Ƭ֮һλ˵ȥסɣ쿪ʼΪʲôȥˣ
ǣȤҾĿԴˣ
ʼ磬Ȼ̧ͷĿϡ
磬벻ʶһҵ꣬·ռ̬ЦĺǿģĻ͹ɣһսǰˣǽ
ڰͿ٣Ȼû˵Щʲôһ޼˵ı֪ˣ
ɣ
پȻ޼֣Ҫһ׼˰ޣ
ǰĸ֮裬յİ֮һ뵽ЩѹŨŨԹޡ
Цһ޽ת˲ٱ
ٶȺÿ죬ô
١
Ȼͬһʱ䶯ˣӰһٶȾȻȴ޽˲ƻҪ죡
磬ǿҵҲһֹٻһЦĽ죬ҵѾ·Ϊ³٣ֽ˽ĳס£

꣺£
ף
һ£˼ٶȣ쵽£ɻգ¹
ãͬ˼Ĺʽ¹Ʈ죬ף
¹רɷ¹𻨸֣׹ǣˣ
仯һغջˮԡ
仯ȫһܽΪꡣ

ͻȻԼʱ·硣
µԿȺݣȺݽΪ֮ǰҪǿٶȣĹ٣һ򲻿սʿ
Ҫǣ޽ƣ޹Χٵһ¡ԣǡðѴ޽ˣ
˲û˼Ҽӿ죬û˼Ƹԭǲһϣô򰡣

·Ц˳
٣ҵĵܵܣһֵ籩ϮһЦǺǿǾƴꡭ꣡ǿ꣬Ҳǿô


370 ֮2
ͻȻˡ꾭ص
ıĵأҲˡ
ǰأƴĶ֮ȫһսаܸ֮ǱĿ깥ֱɱԷ
أƣ
ֳһƮıƬˮޣͬһƮ졣
лѪɫӳɽӣɱˮ
ƬˮϳһѪɫʵɱñˮͬԴɱˮɱɱ٣
һͻȻó˴δʽɫ΢΢һ䣬һԼһӨ͸ıˡ
ڱ͵һУףϱµҽ˵ǵǿķʽ
˼ͬһʱƵḶ́Ȼ˶Էһ΢ЦӰ͵سһ
ɱˮףǹĸǿصĸǿ
أ
һѾȵ̫ˣһ־ȫԸóԼȫʵ٣ôĶԹڽһ˽ɣ
뵽غһһӲջʽڰУؿż̳ķ
̳ϣ޼Ѿʼ˼죡
ֻʮΧһȦģŴӻƽѪ͵ѧٻʽɱһЩǵ­Ƕһŵӡ֮ؿڣѪȾ˴š
Ŷ棬Ѿ׼ʮּܣ
ʮּϵģȻǡ
Ҫ׼Ĳǰô
Ϊʲôȥˣ
ѵ˵
͵뵽һֲĿܣ
ʱһУȻڼ̳ϿշˣٿɲŹôõĻᣬãһߣһ¹ӱз˳ƮƮ굽Ҹ¡ͻȻһļ̣룬Ҹ´̽ǻ
ͱϼ̳ĳŪˣﻹܷס˹ʽ
ֻǻһհľʹƺһˤ˼̳֮ϣĽ£
ʹ󺰣ô㣡
ɬƣû˵
ˣ޽࣬һˣ
һλõΪƹ޼ң˵κһ֮Ļκһ֮£
߰ɣһλ̾˿޼һûжӣ޼Ҫһ̳мҵֻˡС˵к걻ɱˣʮͱҩ˴˵ʵľ硭Ϊƺ޼ҶģһҲĸԸΪԼĹҺͼ壬㣬Ҳֹģ
ɣ
ŭһҹǰޣϸҷɱ޼ˣ
㶮ʲôĸ׼֮ŵʿ߳һŭȵƹĹѾҶǰһƽ֮󣬹ûжӣһԼ̳еλ׽ѪûСΪ˴ƵĴУޱһͨŵͨȻȡ𣬸ĵµ
Ϊ˸һĻʵǾҪޣ
Ӷˡ
ֻǸûôʿŭ¿ˣûм̳ˣǲܸ۸ƾҪֱˣ
ˣϻˣһʿ˹㣬Ϊ˽׼ƹĸ㳲ʢ˰ٶ꣬ߣ׼ƻǿߣ֣ΪУң
ĻϿȵʯ棬ľУаյƲ֮УӰӰ´µǧӰ
ǧٰʮˣҲǺԪڡ̱֣֮ҵɽһսҲضˣ
ƹٹ֮㳲ˣ
һҶѣ
촽˺һϰס˿ڣ֣Ҹɽһսô֣ƽһսɱʮûȤսһ¼Цƹѣǧߣɱ˾ǣٹ֮Ҽʮǣ
ɱ˾ǣ˾ǣ
ˣ
꣬꣬ȴһΪƹޱܲôܲô
һҶѣ

磬겻˵󻰵ı±书Ҫǿˣ
Цƹսǣ˵ϿϵļǧˣңڻӮô
üëһԣ
˵һ仰ô
֮ʱͻȻϿϷһڼǧǿߵı£ϵˡ
˲ʮӣǹƤɿݣҵؿͬнľĹϡˡ
Ԫ˧Ϊ˴ƹˣԸϼ̳޵Ȼ˵󼸾仰
˿˼ҩƷ
޵ͷлʮּ
ôָˣɬضƹĻʵۣж޼ңͳµĴƣչģ߾ȡҴ̫ڣڣŮʣͼοʢһʸٵˣǱºٴݴơһʵۣƹͻˣ
㡭
Ȼ
ҶԲ㣡޿޵ҲܶԲԼĹңԲԼļ塭һǰǸǵİޣҿɱȥƹĶԪ˧ұػԼĹң
˵ת£һ󡭡ϼ̳뿪
˳ĬƬֻ̣Ҫ֮£Ҳᣡ
ĩл
˵Űժףһ΢Цת˼̳
ž
ͻȻסļ
Ҫʲô޻Ծ
ðɣ˵ĶеЦЦҴ壬˥ΪЩϼ̳ûӦüǵðɣҿǸС۵ļһҺ̰Ҫģûκ˿
㡭
޾һѾ˼ϡ
̧ͷһϿϵˣˣ£ҴˣŲܵظйϵԸ
ʱ˵͵ظйϵô
˾;Բţ
Ҫһ֮ƹˣȻһɵǣҴһȻûжǿˣҲҰ
ȵɱԪ˧ϼ̳
δ䣬ǧӰ˵ǰ
ٵĶ죬бһָ̿գͻȻһѩ޽ĺ󱳾
ǧӰͬʱɱ˹ˣϻһˣûжܵĿܣ
һд޽˲Ƹæܣǿ߶ܿˣӵб֮ٵȴӰε׷˹󽣻صϡ
ۡ
һѪ˳
ټɼ죬һѾûвԼһֻץס󽣣һֻֽ˹ޱԸ׼֮ģûжܣٺ𽣷棬ڰ޵ĲһĨ
ۡ
һѪǰޱ˲ӣѪ֮棡


371 ֮3
١
ۿǰͻȻԼɤʧˣȳĻҲûκ
ٸû޵ѪѾ׼ȥ֮һĨƽ彵ٵĽɫâͳ˽ɫĹâ֮С
磬Ҵ㣬ɱŮˣ뱨𣿹Ǿ̨ҰɣŪбɱϿȣƹǧǿߡ˵ˣƽˣ
ž˺ѶֵдĴЦ
ȻƽѾɱˣѾǰ̨֮
⼸ƹʿҲٵĲ˽ȥ
ɣ
ƿڴɤѾʧˣӿǿ߱ƵѾûʱ˵ˡ
̼䣬˺û

С㣬Ȼû
˵ˣޱ׼һ֣ǡƺˣ
ϿȵϿգͻȻֻԪ·糾͵ظˡ
Ȼƹսˣ
Ԫüͷڼǧ֮вɱĳ棬һ໰ˮ䣬ߣҪǱǸˣҲֿһ󣬡ò̫šžͺã
С㣬ڵӣźʲô𣿡
½ǧΧһҲŲסģ
ţ
ԪȵȴӲǱȥץղŷʲô
µͷȥܿͷɻˡ
С㣬㺦ƿЦҪӦѹ飬پͲٲҲڡ
ľԪΨпЦһ
С㣬취ɣŲ˶õģ´ߴٵ
Ϊ֮ƣ뱣סֻһ취ˣԪͷҪñˣ
ꣿС㣡
ʧ
㻹бİ취𣿡Ԫ˰֣ʬѾõˣαõꡭ󣡡
˵ŷٵسս֮չһ·նɱ˼ʮǿߵ
ץ˴ԪȤһʽô
ʲô
ʧѪ࣬ȣټϰˣ;ˡ
˵Ȥһʽ𣿡Ԫ״̬ٵֻҪӦңһãҾͰɱΧ
ҡҡͷһ£ɱΧͷڷ׷յǿߣѱɣ
ңбּ꣬ƹ˱ԪֻҪң𲻴Ӧסǵʱ䲻ֻ࣬ܿһӡ
һӣҴӦ
붼ûؾ͵ͷˡ
ӦˣԪסˣ㱻ɱ»ҰҲҵİô졭
ΪҿҲˬĿޱػش𣬡죬ҲʲôˣֻҪȥȥ̨ɱ٣Ȼʮ˲ظҲҪ
޵ĳ𣡡ؿڣҼˣ
ԭˡ
ԪͷϿϷˣƻ˱
˱
һЩȻԪŵĹͷƹ㳲ɱԼǾ˱ģȻ˵˱
Ԫĺģǳ򵥣
ǳ˺˼仰ڵݹٻڽԪǰԪһЩѡûҸ𣬱Ҵȵļ֮Уһ˶٣֪ҵı˭ˣ
һ㶣ǡ
ҵˣԪ㲻ϧ׼ҲҪȥģ޷ƵѪˣƹ˺Ѫ̳ˣԷŹôձôұ֤󣡡
ԪС㣬˵ĪıѾ
ҵıѾˣղ˵ľ
Ԫ˵Žµǧǿߡ
Цˡ
ϸˣʲôɵĵģ˴Ц֣˱ǰȥʿʧˣ֮󣬾ԪС̳еλǴƵŮʣ
ԪǷ⡣
ŴظԪߵȻһ֣ǧǿ糱ˮȥ
֮󣬴Ͽֻʣ˼پʬ壬һƬ̱ǵѪ֮
ôģ
ľȻԪԪָָԼؿڣҵı꣬Ϊֱ䣬ף

Ĭ˰Σһͷˣ㱾ǴƵŮʣĿޱתȥڱصʬɽѪз
ιҲڵϣкС۾ļһҼСɸվ㣬һлĻû𣿡
ԪС˵ˣֻһף
ҵϵʬ壬ƺûػشһΪȣҵѣ¾͸ǣ
»˵ЩʲôԪһקӣС侲һ°ɡˣ׵ܵܵУ
²˵ˡ
ʬɽѪз˼ӣȻԵýҲӿ˼һ߾ߵʬ屻ץһȻֶϰգƺЩʬвԩ
ޣ𼱣ˣҲʦ޸
һѰңһ૵߶
Ұ޵ʬ壡
ֻҪҵʬ壬ƾ꾭ڵظеĹϵð޸Ҳûпܣ
Ǽÿһʬ壬طְ޵ʬ徹Ȼˣ޵ʬأǿûУ̧ͷʡ
ɱ˰֮󣬰ʬҲ֮ˣ
һֱڿйս
ɣ
һӾˡ̫ˣǿԼԼӵи޵Ŵ˰޵ʬ壡
ҪϾɱ
ʬ岻ˣأ
ﻹһϣڼ̳ϱɱģҲӦڼֻ̳ҪԼҵ걣ٶذ޵һϣ
ţ꾭硣
̧ͷһֻ̳յģﻹӰӣ
޵Ҳˣ
ҿ˿޵겻ˣɱЩǿߵҲˡٿһɫյ
ǿ˽ʱʱ޺ǿߵȥظֻͶ̥ˣ
ɣ
ǵظô
ƶɮһǣ
ɺͰԼһתԶ׷ȥ
⸽ս׾ҵ˼ոȥ˱ţͷڽǵ꣬ȥ˵ǴԼܵظ
ǾǴſڵʱ΢΢һ㶣ţͷҲסˡ
⣬⡭ţͷԼļʿ飬ǸղųʱﻹǺúõģżʱ
ǴŽգ˵ӰܶĶ
ţͷæȥĴţûӦֻҵһƵİġ
ժ°ĿһۣŤͷЦ̫үϽ紫ż֮ϮңڤظҲʱرˡԥһ£ʦҲȥ˴£û취ټˡ
ҲЩ£ץĲʵҾ㣬޵أ
ղЩǿߣ궼Ѿתˡ
ţͷЩԥ
Ҳǣֻʰ޵䣡ܻⶼʲôʱˣ㻹µģٵȥһذ޵Ҳûôˣ


372 ȫ㣬ҼҼƣ
̫үҪҪ޵ꡭˣǻȥƻһιأøһ֤һ˵ز֮󣬿ɱý׷ǡ
ţͷ̵ؼ˵ţѾð𣬶ݺݵصһţͷٲ˵ھ׷ǣ
ǣǣ
ţͷڨڨصͷȻӱóһõС𣬺ࡣ
С棬ǰ޵꣡
ʬ廹ҪȱȫĿֻһʱпĲ꣡
ǡͬһͰˮͷϣô£
궼Ѿȱȫˡб£Ҳû취޸Ƶ갡
̫үǸղ̫ˣ޹궼ˡţͷСؽͣÿظյһЩ꣬أ٣ȱѾһˡ˻С𣬡ӽκµˮ棬ЩΨһ·̫үҪǻҪ޵꣬ǿ͸
һСֹ걻٣͵ֻгһҪȥҲûˡ
Ҫܣ
һʵʦأһа취Ȱޣ
̫үûǸղŵĻ𣿡ţͷί⵽ʦѾȥϽ硭Ҫ֮˽ܻģ۰翵꣬԰ڵӣǵȲʦˡ
ɣ
ŭһץ޵תߡ
һ˱Ϣصʵ֮Ȼڵϣűڤ긮еİ꣬ϵͽͳͳˡ
ֻʣ˾ı顭
޵ˣˣʦҲˣﲻԼûоؿŰòһİ취
ɫ䰵˻ɵСꡣ
ˮƾϴˢԪҲʶȤûд
С㣬𣿡
Ī

ˣ
ʱīڸˡ
ī룬ϰӣֻЩ˻е̬°ںɫЩӷסƽԭϵ紵ÿһǣ¶һĴĵ̡
ī룬ѾԼһ˰еĳƽ̨޴ǻԭϺ͹ߡ
ıһβ͵ĶβϾһɫӰǼȣ
ôˣ
ˮеĻɫһĻȺȻʹ
īɱһ˲䣬ʱ֣ī顭һӣԼղŻ˱ȽϺãʹĲԼģǿԼϲģ
ˣ
ī룬ֻ̧̧Ƥͼͷȥˡ
ûиϣˣҲÿյģκ鶼Ȥˡ

ī̾˿֪״̬ʵڲܴţתѯԪղŷʲôˣ
ˡԪεҡҡͷ
ʬ£īʵбǰͻѪأʬڣа
ûõģѾȥܵظվ̵˼̳޵ҲѾƲʬ屻ٴˣҲˣʦ֣Ȼûܾȵܵʦܵظ֮ȥæˣҲ˼ˣ
īȻ˵һϣҲûˣ
ص磬һžͿ˰޵꣬Ȼ;Լһ޴Ļ
޵ȱȫ֣ʱпʧ⻹𣿿϶һϣûˣ
ʱѾ˼̳Ȼ˵һ취
ʲô
īԾʬ嶼ˣʲô취
ֻЦЦڤ긮ͻȻʼ߽⣬ɲò˳ҲˣսīҲòæȥֻа޵Ĳ껹棡
Ҫʲôī뾪ڤ긮֮Դ㽫߽ˣ͵ɱ
ǰɱ
ЦеҸ뵽İ취ҴŰһʣһһһתֻءɣȴޱȵĳأһ޾ܲˣ±ãܣһͬΪ˵ı꣬Ƕᱻһ𣡡
ȻʦϽ飬ͻᷢͽˡְҾȻģ˳㣬ҲѰһİ޾Ȼ
⡭
İ취еͨʵʲ̫ˣ
ˣīղԼ˵ģܵظѾˣп˳ֻô˳ֻˣһô죿ʦͨ󵽿԰ֻصˣٴαͰ𣿡ֱţ˵̫֮ˣǧҪɵ취
㻹иõİ취𣿡
Ѿ˼̳ץ˰µĴ󽣣ʱпʧû취ʱˡ˭ҲֹңȻҷˣ
˵Ŵ󽣺˲ϡ
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ŤͷСѾͷʼ磬ǰļ̳ϣҲôô
ôˣ
ϵī룬ҷܲģ
֮үүŵʱ˵ҾǸɵϡѽɵϲĿðգĿ
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ҽ֮
ˡһҽܱ֮ס޵ꣿ
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һһ
ˣҲû뵽ԼΪ޵һİ취ȣȻ˸顣
ѽһһȻƤһЦӣ˭һɵϣϲһɵɵأҲ뿴Ǿܰ㻻ذˡ
㡭
ƿԡ
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ҽ꣬ȻǿĿֲ
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Ѿʧˡ


373 һ겻
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żʧĵطû˵ȻȻѡֻҽ֮겢û٣ȻѾ御ˣԼҲҪס꣬һϣ
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ɣ
ղѾڤ긮߽⣬ָҪյʱ䣬ʱѾܶá꾭ˣ
綼
żɢ߽ڤ긮ĺ֢Ҳŷǰһڣȥ
ɣī룬껥࿴˿Ƕڵ꣬Ҳòκΰ취

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ļжγֹ޾ڹһһȭ߳ȥģ
ԭüͷҪʲô
ĵطһĴ֮ءԪȻҪҪȷ㾿ûеõŵһ괫У
ԽԽͿˣԪȻ͵ʲôһ괫Ǳ꣬װɣ
ף꣬Ǵǰ̳жЦеС㣬ŮʣŮ޷ֱ˴ˣ
ףҵĻͺ˵ˣ
Ԫһ̾ʼĽ֮ͣսҰһǺˮӣˣ常⹫ҲһӴһ˻ֻ֮УŷᱮңǧŲһ˻аӵܵһ֮꣬⣡
Ĺʥ۾ҵľһҵһ꣬Ҳʸȥɽģ
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ΪϽ粻Ͽţ
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ԪԳЦЦԼҵĻᷴôᷴϽɷ𣿡̾˿Ӣ겻ɢظֽţ֮פ
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Ϊһ˻֮꣬ġϴԸءǴϴԸػңΪҵı꣡Ҳһ겻𣬴У
Ծüëһ
һ˻֮ʮ䲻ϵתͶ̥˵ıꡭҾ֪Ϣֹͣʬļƻĵ¹
ԪؿһЩȷõһ괫Уһ޾ı̫үһıɣһǻɾ㣡
ôǻɣһ㶡
ΪҲȷǲĵõ˴УԪεĹ֮У㲻ʮ˾Ϊ¾ǿߣּ˵õ˴УǾҪʱ򡭡ɱ˹ȥʲô࣡
ЩԹ񣬿е㲻˼ˡ
˱಻Ҫǻ׷顭Ԫĵһǽʮ꣬Ϊ˵㣬ϧ˱˱诣ˮУ
˵ţ˫ſںˣˣ
Ǳ诣뵽Ǹ˵ĺɫ׵ŮˣٺһЦ˵֪诣ͳָɵˮ䣡
ţԪһ㶣ҶһսǸ²ˮǿ㣿
ЦеǷ²Ǹɵٺ٣Ϊɸıҹˮûļ󣡡
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һʮ긾˳ڶѨ߻һµŮᣬһץһƵĶһֻ֣Ͻɽͼ
ˮˣԪȻɫ䣬㣬Ů洹ڤ


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ˮ˺ڤͼ붼ûѵϵĽɫףҲˣҲһȻȺȾܡ
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Цеصס˶ڡ
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ĪǴ˵еƽƣ
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ȵҲҳ׳ûйؽ꣬ĵҲһս
ƺЦһ쵶¶ϵһüסĴ󵶣Ȼֻһ쵶֪ôʹ͸ĵˣǰ
죬أǣ
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ǳ֣˫ֺͲɫĴ󵶣һ㱡ļصڷ쵶һģƬӣ̽쵶
ұƬԽԽ죬ܿͶס˻ƺ˫֣
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Ҽʸһ飬ȻǾ֧ż飡

ͻƺһУֻڵʯ֮䣬һӶûõ
һ֮ڣѾ˲Ƶ˰֮⣬ĶҲˡ
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·Ļ֮սīֹۡ
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ѣ
ͻȻһˣͣʦͽҲʲô滥ʶһ·ƴɱַֺϺϣǵĹϵʵܼ򵥣Ľ飬˼Ѷѣ
ѣô򵥣
ô
֪ôˡ
޽
΢΢һЦ޽Զ˲ת
ڶ¶˫һģ¶˫
ͷؿڣһҧҧס˻ƺǹĪĵʮ֧
Ͷ¶
ɣʬأ
һô򵥣ɿѰǧֻΪѰӣܷ¶ɺγܶԲѣ

ɱʣ壡
ʸľͷƾճֳһͷҧסԼıɱһƺͻȻ˵ϣʮ֮գĳûʧ֣ɳ£ƳһпӧɽϣĺһĳΪ¼Ҳûܵסһˡ
һѣֵܣӮˣĳˣ
ƺȥ
ƺ㲻ôˮдȣ㻹ûаܣ𹭼ɱ
ĳˣƺжΪΪһ֣ŮˣΪһ֣ϧʬˡĳ𹭼Բ֣Ұˣǰܸǰܸɣ
úӣҲڷսŤͷ̾⹻ȥ
λȻ֮ҲþӢ׷
ī룬ɣҰ֣ؼһ̡Ȼƾ뿪ɣ
ˣ
ţˣʿԪ
ˣӦϵһ㣿
˵أ
Ǻǡ
Ĵȣĳ˹˽У;ǰɫһ䣬ֻص˵֮С
ƺ䣬Ͻ׷׷УȻ˾ۻᦵƣ
ֻۡ
ֵɵһжڽȻԼ뿪ֵ
ɣ
ΪʲôԼҪϿкķ̫ĻΪʲôԼҪ߽긮ΪʲôԼڻ
ɣ
ԼĻ긮û߽⣬ԼĻڶʢ֮ʱɺα
꣬ʬ֮Ҳûиԭϣˣ
Ψһп޸ļȣѾ˰ޣҲûеڶˣ
˵ʲôûˡ
ɣ
ŭһɸӡ˵һ룬ͻȻĴȣɰװô뱨𣬾ȥҹʣҽ£
սȥͿԱô
ǰδе׷֮С

ľͷֻʮˣһ룬ͿԵõ漸ʮľԮˡ
ɾ⿴ϣһϣһţڼ󽫺үҪɱңүҪɱҡûл·ˣ
ڰ棬ڤֳɽͼϵؽ˽ʿУèץϷˣš
Ϸˣˣͽɽͼһʿǵʬʹ浹Ƶض˳
СС֮УѾѻ˼پʬ壬Ѫϵȥ
㣬ạ̃һʿǰܾķſڵϰҲĻʵ˻үҾͲŹҰɣ
ڤ޶ԣϷˣ˽ʿ
ʱȻоһ䵽
أǣ
ͻȻϮڤһ־ȥڤ֪꣬ԼһлǲӰڤԽڰҲ˳
ڰأ˻𣡡
һȵֱӷڤꡣ
ͬʱ֣ڤվûǿᵽƺֵزòܡ
ܵһ˲䣬ץס˰˫ſ˵¹


377 ǿˣΪ֮κΣ1
ף
ۿͿԻɱˣͻȻһ֣ڤŭһߵķɵһ¡
˵ڵʮܼʮף˵ͿԻüʮ˵Ԯˣߵķȴú͵෴ֱŵµĹȥ
ӺͿô

ڤս֪һٶضʲôɱУؼһΧûзȻɽͼȫβ׷
˫ٶȿ죬ڤٶһ
ʮ֮ڤѾ׷˾ʮĵط
ץң
оڤЦҧԸ
үҪɱҡɰ͵ȻүҪɱҡſϣѾɵˡ
ûҰģûкԸֻÿԱȺãȢīӢСعһӡ˷׷ɱڰ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ţɵɵϣǳڱܵſϡ
൱ĺϣٶķ⣡
״̬γͻȻٶ︺أ
⣬һС·֮ٶȱˡڤٶȴٴμӿ죬˵˾ֻʮĵط
Ů洹УվĵĽԼɻħͷ
ڤץסɽͼǰһƵĽԼ˳˺ҧĺ󱳡
ĿȻƺĵʮ֧
ҪһԶǡİٶİʵ̫ˣĶҲ۵˰벽һӾͱס˲ӣȻҲסˡ
ֻҪһͰҪĶΡ
ɾʱ򡭡
κγֱרųЦģԼϵһͻȻϡһ
ôˣһæʵ
Լһһƣû޷ֱ˴ˣȻǷǳĶԷġ
ҡˣ˼ҲСġ̥
кˣҪˣ̵ɴ۾㣬ûƭң
ɵϣ˭ƭ㣡ߺ

ЦҲʱնɱˣһתŴͷԶȻУǻʲôһؼҾҪ
˷ܵĴЦУԼڼնɱͰһӣԵسˡ
ڤ˸Ŀɿڴ
ԲʲôɺϣʲôѪĳĳ⻷϶ǰĹʺ
ڤ㶵ʱǿһɱ˵¹

ͬļһյĵ¶ѨѨһѪɫĴӣӡ˴Сһȭӡ˵޾ȭĵطСȭӡʱµĺۼһЩȭӡʱĽ
Ѩһ໹żʮǵʱá

⡮ϤһĻ˿
Ѿ˿Ҫ󣬴Źʣ¹֮С
ǡ
ʲô
ͻȻһƬհףֻ˵ⶴоͿԻʤԼѾˣɻʤĻ
ҿ˿ֻô󣬸ʲôܹŤתǬĶ
ͥ·㲻ߣ㴳ڤЦԽԽˣûĴȻӽͬ
ûֻһڣڤ棬Ѿ·ӵͬ
ɣ
ˣҰɣ
ðһ亹ۿ˵Ļʤûг֣ҲɵûһҪǽӳȥ
һ֣ȻڽƲһСӡ
Ӵһ룬¶һͷСĺɫˮ
ͻȻԪղŻ˵ˮⶨˮСȻԼлᣬǾͽһߺˣҲǻԪһ־֮
뵽һץˮС
ұٴαڤڱ׷ԽԽˣһ濪һܣٶȸܺڤᲢֻۡ˼ʮףڤЦڱ
µǣһʯʱͻȻǰһ
һȻϡͿشͨһص˸ղˮ˲¾ۻᦵĵط
棬ˮץۻᦣڱĿָսһȻɱ˻Ƭ̡
ɵϣɻûɵϣѾһӳȥˣôֻˣ
ˣ
ڤҲ׷ˮںЦشҲЦ˳ãԼ˹ʣ˭
Ұɣǰûдӹߵλľɱ˹ʣ
ˮһЦۻչͰһڱս硣

ٴγ֣۾һ
Ѿڳǹ֮ϣǰϷˣɻûӰӣʲôط᷵׷ɱԪֵɱĲֻӴܣɫ䡭
ȵѹ˽Լ뿪֮󣬻ƺΧУƽ֣ЩԲˡ
ī뻹ڵ·սͻӢսϿգϵط˿֣һĶսǻսҷɵӳ£Ƴµì¿֧ţֻУ֡
һٴγЩ˼ͬһʱͣ
ôֻˣü˾ʵ
ɣ
ͷԸصս֮ذֻǰտĽȥ
Ĵ󺰣Ľƣһͣ
ʲôأ
ղͳΧ˿̻ڷս֮Уǵķսʽһġ࣡
ֻʰ쵵Ʋ棬һŰһΧ壬ײߣͳ壬վһƵƷУ˻ûûεż䣬ҪˣҿʿԪλҪ¸𣿡
Ƶ̧ͷеѾˣ
Ϲ𣿡һָϻڷɵİٶﶼ㿴
ԪС˵ⶨĶҲôʵ
ô֪һǶ
ˮͱ˲ɫ
Ȼˣ¾㱸ֻǷˣ
ǺһЦƿվЦеش󺰵磬Ͳˣѽ
⣡
ۻ֮˷룬Цڰ˳
ţˣǾͳˣ
սǹ˹֣λȻʱǧ꣬ҵһͬԴ񺺽졭ȿԸʦ˵仰
˵ƨƿڴɸΪУǲðҴ磬棬ķϻ
㲻üëһƳУԸ
˵ҲܹŷɵսŤͷ˿ԸǣλҵĻ࣬ˮ⣡


378 ǿˣΪ֮κΣ2
һ
ЦˮˣˮˣǰˮԳ죬ҪݵʥգԳ죬Ҫɱʡ㣬ɸˮʵۣɱʣ˼
ϻȻ˼
ˮŭ
Ȼ˼ôڶ⣡˻ȣţȻţҲϽ׼פ֮һǧ꣬λ߲ΪŵһŻϽ絫зּضʮ֣֮ôŵػߣϽ編ּʹߣΪʲôûϽҪɱʣҪˮʵۣ
ŵػߣ
ڽ׷ɫ䣬ŵػߣ͵ڱϽϿɵİɣ찡
㡭
ˮ˿ҪЩʲôѾ˲ţҿλ߶ʣ̫ӣӷЩ֣һɸ
ԵʵǰˮЦһߣ˵ˣЩ鶼ˮԼİţߵˮǧ꣬йͣҲпͣҪһʵôˣϽ֪Ҳ׼
Ȳ˵Ͻ᲻׼ˮǳˡɸڼٴ⣬ǸͲ죡
ңָ
ˮĬȻĬˡ
Ȼǲ죬˭죬˭ȣˮô㣬ǰ󸣣
ɶ
һԵİͻȻػˡ
Ǻǣʱ԰ֻ꣬һ¡Ժ򣡡
˵ţܹسŰϹȻʵˮˣһ⣬ҵҼ룬󽫣ǡбҵҼô
һ˶ˮˡ
ҵˮ˵ĸѵ˵ˮƭǣûбҵ
ͻȻսŭˮѾҵ˰ˣȻҲҵ磬˵ʲô
ˮҵ
һ֮һǧ꣬Ѱһǧ꣬ɷ֡ɷҲɸҵõһת䲻ҲʹΪة࣬ҿԸһϢĿѲ󽫣ȻڣǵһλѾ֮꣬ˣ
󽫺ȻЦҵǰ֮ʿϹڶ
Ȳţ
΢΢һЦŵĻʱ£ˣ˵һָĺɫˮԣˮץ
˺һⶫԼؿڣ΢Ц
ˮؿڣȻϰԵЦ磬磬ɶ˼
Ц͸ˮһٿһɵЦ
Ūˡ
Ū˰
ЦͻȻǺǰΪŻѪȻ֮Ū˰
˵ʲôأ
ǶԭЦ絲ס˴ҵߣû˿ˮ﾿ʲô
֮ĸֺ񺺴ƺʶʲôµһƿЦˮһѽٺٺЦǰǵһ
ƺҲ˹һۣ̹ڵأĩݼϣ
Ҳ׷׹һ
ֻˮУ˰ı꣬һװֵСӡ
ٺ٣СɵһЦ˻Ӱ۵С֣ããҶáǰ

꣺ǿˣ
꣬
ԷӣˮҲ٣μ˿϶ҵƯŮˣǮԶӮң㱻ǧΧҲܷ˼ɱһѪ·һ³ɣֲ˼ǵİױȵǿˣ
仯⹷ʺˣҪı仯

λ
Ц𣬡ǰռСתֻأΪ˰ı꣬뿪ţΪΪ֮ΪֻΪգˮֽ֮λۼһȻСݣ񺺵۹
ֵ˼Ѿڰгﻮ˺ܶ꣬˺ܶ¡
ƶɮйϵ
ЦԷǵؿŰϱϺˣûʵۣͻȻ̲סЦ
ɶûʶʲôŴңɶ꣬ǶҸɶ
ЦҲǣֻشһ䡭ԸǴңһ£һѰǰĸף
ɶҲ֪ʶЦ磬磬˵Ը𣿡ôÿһ¶Цģ˿Ҳ⡣
Цݺݵصһۿµ㻹ܾܾô
ŶԸ⡣
п޵ɵЦһ¡
ʱ񺺴󽫷׷׹ݣ£
ϱ񺺲£ǵѾƵۣ˶ռݰڽɽһδӣ񺺴Ǿ¶˿ȵ
ûʶѾƾռһƱȵæңǣզˣүҸզ찡
⻹˵ô
һɨˮˣҴүɱ˴ĺܲңֶսˣ
ϴˣͻȻͻȻָˮ˴ɵɵ˵ϴ󱨳𰡣
һʱ䣬ĺӢûˮˡ
Ѿûˡ
ڸңܿҵɵʬףͷڽҧŵʮ֧ر־Ķ¶ƺʲôԲе顭
֡
ͷԹɤͻȻʵò˵
ߵƾԶɱңֻǾɵͷ㷽Ҳˣ֮£Ϊλ¾ۼ¡ɵҲзݣ
ôüëһͻȻһ
ΪҵıҪɱұҲ޿ɺǣ֮ǰ˵仰ô
˵
䵭
Ѫ𣿡ĵһ仰ò˻֪Ѫ𣿡
ǵãѪںܾǰԼú׼Խתһ
ҵȻ֪ѪҲţѪʮ֮УΪŵһŻ뿪ŵʱѪ£һ£Ѿˣǿˣڶ£Ѫ㶨һн֮٣ת㣬ǲˣȥѰҰɣ
ţ
͵̧ͷȥţҵɣ
Ѫŵ㣡
ƺʣЦЦתȥ
ιȥţ׷ʵûյҲ׼ޣʲô취ȥţ
ⲻӦش𡭡
ɣ
ƿڴ춼ıش˭ش
ӷƶɮƺʲôͻȻһϤķţ˵һϤ֡
ȣΪ˾㣬ƶɮˣҪƶɮһЩ٩ͽҽطƶɮΣ
ͺ¿ΪһҪҵطȥ
һͷһŵĺУһͷ췢ƤŮȣ㡭գ


379 ɱ
òˣɮѣ
պʮ΢΢һЦ
ôˣϲ㣬ȣϸһѾ꣬ûȥظתͶ̥𣿡
ôȥظѾرѽ
εգգ۾
ʶŴս࣬һǳҪ⡣
ۿģѾ˴ţܵظҲɹꡭ˳µأһʱ꣬޴ȥĹ»Ұ
Ȼȷ߷ߵұ˾ˣ±㣬˭֪һܵظͿһյĴšû취תͶ̥ҲûңֻҰƮһָգУ˵Ҫ㣬Ҿ͸һˡţǱ˰ɣ

Դһᣬҵеأպųƶôƽ޹ʵؾأ
ƶɮȻƽ׾ˣտյĻ긮ɮѣġ꾭Ҳ쵽ڰ˰ɣ
ͷսڤ긮Ҳ߽֮ƶʵĵ˽Ĺؿڡ
꾭أȻҪеڰλꡭһָȣ㿴ĵڰꣿ
ꣿ
һ㶣뼧ձԼɱȻذ޵ӡЦЦڤ긮˴š
ҼҼƣ㣬ԸꣿԶҺһ𣿡
Ⱦϲصɴ۾Ȼڣһ̵ڤ긮ֻͿԳΪڰꡣ

ס긮̾˿
ʵ˵ڰλãһͰͬǿߣղſĻүӾͲǷȵ̫ˣٲԶҲˣ
ǰʵͲǿ꣬Ҳֻһ𼶰ɣ
üȵԣҲֻΪ˻ծѣǡȸһ긮;ڶһůůھת֣Ļ긮̼޸ϣ
ͻȻһƬ飬ƺһЩĪĶ
ȣʲôˣ
ûʽµڰ֪꣬ȵԣȵ
ңʲôҲûҲܾȡ
ֿ֣գ⿡ŵĺеһЦɮѣƶɮΪѡ꣬Ȼͬ졭ţ֮ϣһз˵ֱɵʬ壬ʧĶ¶һ˻긮
ҲʱţȻз
һУԶ
ˮڱ񺷽ΧڤҲս˵ǰ̫΢ˣѾ׷ɱ·š
ֵǣ˾ˮ˾Ȼڤ죬ƺʲôɱδʹ
û΢ɲ̾˿
֣˵ʲôأȻˣ͸Ͻȥæɱˡ
ɱ
ͻȻӦˣȥɱˮ˺ڤⲻ¼Ц
ճŮ洹ڤһִСʦܣпɱڤˮ˸ǲܵġ֮Ϊˮͨ飬Ǹ鸾鸾
֣С˺һ
ʵ˵ܺ¶ΪյˣͻȻˡ
ӷɮѲǣǷƶɮλΪ˽ԵгѪծƶɮ׷ҽɱȵ꣬ѧ̫ɱַҲ˺ܶյմˣشյգֲЩ󡣡
ʮһЦһ˿ѵЦ⣬ʵ͸ŵķԹԡ
겻ձˣ
˵վˣоˣǰȻżЦżˣȴһɵζԣɨɮζ
վʲô
ֲ֣
ˮ˻һУŤתǬյóһеʱ򣬱ƶɮծ֮ʱԸոιӥսձɱ0ӷ𡭡

Ʈ죬˵һͷˮʱˮѾڤվˡ
Χǹ󣬻ƺ飬ìХ񺷽ַɱֻ˱ˡ
ˮˣڤüѾһһаɣ
Ҫ𣿡ˮ˳ɵǿˣɱѾŭ죬һнС
һ
ڤ
䡭
һ뵽ӵˮϵĳɳʧˣЦҲǣѾˣˮͷҲӲҵӣ仹ʲôģһŭ죬Źʺ񺷽һɣ
˵ţٴξ˾ۻᦡ
ء
ãľۻУͻȻţս֮һ׵ɱǺ֣ɱ˿ûɱʱеԹ޺ͶֻкȻ
ΪΪսӢ۰ڵ
һƲлһ˴ǹǵĽɫдһġ֡
ĺţǺŵٻ£һʿھۻ֮Уɫףʽı֮Ǳ־֮󣬺ܿ;ۼ˰ˣѻȸɱ֮ȴ
ˮˣ֣
ں񺷽һ׷ɱˮ˵Ԫ֧˵ľӣǰδеƿڴ
ǿľӣ񺷽ɫһ䣬ǶսĽһ֧ӵվλͶУ֪һ֧սھݺ޼ɵѪ֮ʦ
ˮˣ㲻ŭô
ҾΪսӢ꣬ںˮӣҲּ⣬ٻӢԿǿˣضɱ㣡
죿
ˮ˿Цˣҵˣʲôŭ죿ۻһָҾЩҪڹʵһͳݣػµ۹Ҳؽǵ֮£ΪһǸô
֧ӣڸİҾ
ϢûڤҲûȥ񺷽ǣֻǻؾеıҪκͳһˮĳս
񺷽Ƕʱ
ǻаɽı£ܻս󣬿ǡҾҲؾ˵һ֧ӣΪУ˭Ҳĵӣ
ԽԽˣ񺷽ȴԽԽɣ
һɱһȴհǰ˺سɣʤѾһ̷
ͬһ̣񺷽һķţӷ𣡡ԽڶЦ˱ɱİˮˣǵƶɮ𣿡
գ
ˮƬ̣ͻȻһָɱɱûң
ƶɮѾǷ֮ˣɫɱ
ѾߵҾǰǰ̧ͷ΢΢һЦƾһǹ̳͸Լš
һӣҴסˡ
񺷽סˡ
סˣ
ˮҲաʲôģԽڶֻΪ˰һǹ
վٲãҲһǹͻҲ㲻
Ǻǣƶɮģ
ջͷһ΢ЦҾǺˮӣһּ⣬һ룬γƶɮֺݶԹᣬӢ겻ɢɱҴ΢΢һЦƶɮɱ˽ձ㻹һɢ񣡣


380 ɱ
Ҵ㶣һһǹҳƽˣ
ˣƶɮİˣ
պʮĶ棬ҴЦЦȻɢһƽɫĹֱµ۹ķȥ
Ŀ뿪˵ڶսǰڴˣԹ˽ᡣ
սһ㶣棬û˻̧֣󵶾ղһĨ
յ˵ϣƬ̺Цŵսսסˣѵƶɮֻǧɱ˱ɢˣҪ𣬻Щ

꣺ǧ쳾
ף
ǧ쳾ǧԼҲսȬҽ븴
仯ɽΪꡪʣ

գ𣿡
˶ոˣ𣿾ԿԸǧΣаҾһɱһΣҲɱˣ
գһ󺰡
ҾҪɱˣҪɱˣˮҲڴ󺰣û뵽ٻҾȴɱ
ղǣֻǶŵսЦֻǧΣѾ˷ˣ
ۣ
ǹٴδ̴յţ⽫ȵ棡
ҾͻȻгһֳӿգ߷ɿӹÿȥһˣһ˿ڡʵ̫ˣÿ˷һξԲǱ߰˸һСսֽҵһΡ
վ籩еһֻСڰ沨Ʈҡزû
ڣһսʿӹһɢѾԡѪǿĸҲ֧ˡ
Ҿƶɮһ̰ɣ
һһ䣬ܵظѾرգҪȥݱܣָ֮ʱȻתֻأӷ𡭡
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㣬㣡ˮȫɵˣյʵ̫ͻȻ˭Ҳ޶ԣ
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ԶӲˣұܺѹƴһһҹºԳҲûǸѹ飬̫ˣȻԹĻʺеŮ˶˳ǽϣұܵСŮûŹ
һѻұؿԼŮڳǽϣʧأŰѹϰ
ұ֮ܰѹ壬ЩŮȫɱˣһûŹԶ޵ɤʧҵŮҲɱ˰

Թ֮ʱĲ״˭Ҳû⣬ɫڵľȻһֻ۾
ѪɫͫףѪܵɱ⣡
Ӵһǧ꣬ج֮󣬴ԡȻҷˣ


384 꾭
ܿ죬ıͱһѣȡغ
ԹңȻԹŮӲĳ棬ĵľ̫ǿˣһ˲ոѹǣٴҡ
ûз־ı仯ƲĥԶĻ
ʵ˵ҲͬԹѹ壬֮ȻҪ壬ȻҸȼô
ΪһľѹֻظʷѾ˼ٴεѡ
˻ʵ֮Ѿʵ֤ˣһСԼҳԱһӢѹ飬Թİգ⡣
ţ޼֮أ
֪ص㡣
ұˣǰʵգЩʷһҲ֮⣡
Զҧгݵұ˵Ͻ羹Ȼţݺ˼䣬ûãƽͳˣǸұһȫµ塭ұܵʹӦֻ
һҪƽϮظתֻ֮ǰԹ궼תΪƽ壬Ҿʱӵġ
Ҫƽԣʵʱص磬ֻɱѹ鱨𣡡
ԶĻĨĨ°ͣ޼븴
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ԶԾ
֣ҲɵϣһԼ˵ƲȡԼ꣬ΪԼɱѹ飬ΪƷʳƷһʳΪ˻ָԻʲô
ԶЦ
أ㲻޼׷湫ʲôʵ
үǲ֪
ԶεرԹ۾ҪţƽһʼǺ顭ҶŹ棬ĻǿֶԸˣָǶõ鰡۾Ӧ˵ƽ嶼ǰ˰޵Ĺ࣬ı죬ɸһȺ
ǹٻ׻һ֣˵ʵΪʲôûдЭ飡
ٺ٣үȻӢԶС˫Ӵ۾ҲӦˣһƽͬҪƽóԼϳԨ
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Զ۾ȷʵһսɱǼٸ壬ػо͸ɵǻƽһʥŮ۾ϾֻˣѾʱˣ
۾ҪٿƴôǺãǻƽͶ½ؽÿһ·ڣԼģǾɱ˵Ųȥ۾СұӦ׷ܣȥ½·ڣǹ⢸ճΪһʥŮֵûˣŰҵæ
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һ仰۾Сһƽڶ½۾Ԯ

үžˣ㿴
Զͷվǲǿˣ
ߣüëһ֣û˵Ի뿪ɣ
㣬զԶˣүȲ˵ҸõϢ˵ҵĳǿɶ˰ҳ⣬磬ɱ𣿡
촽ҺѾѹˣˡ
Զһغˣŵһƨ˵ϡ
ǰͱԻʳˣǳΪһ˼бҪԹϷŹһô

ٿЦˣյϽ磬ҪһϤ򵼣᲻ɱ
һգԶԹԵسΪ򵼡
Ŀȥ̨Զ˵̨ʵػŵĵڶŻ档ʱ̨ڻƽУΧлƽʮ߰˵ߣǧѷڽǿߣȥ̨ڻõĻᡣ
ԶĽǣϽһ䣬۾ͻƽ廥ĵĲˣȥ̨ˡ
⻰˵ģȻԶԼյ˽ڣҲ˼Ͻ簡ضԼȥ̨֮ǰܲһƱ
ԶƼ顯ڽһ൱
ÿһ죬˳ԷϢ֮⣬ԶԼϵϮƽСɲӣһ·ϸɵ崫һͻȻϮһֻ߰˸˷СȻƽĴԮϵſ˫ץԶһ̵طûӰˡ
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ٺ٣Ҿ˵ʦµĶôܱССٵأ
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ļУݻӦоҳÿһҳӦһ꣬滹עڣԼһЩ
Ǵ³ֵĻһסˡ
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һҳɻѾ촦ĳڣעͳͳʧˡ
ȡ֮һ仰ȡ壬
ڶҳһŻɵɫ̫ȥֱӿҳյĻֻʣһƬհףпյһд֣ɱʣǧ쳾ԩ
ҳī룬һīҳǱЦŶǽ蹤صĴˣҲˣТж죬ˡ֮
ûжԱȣǷб仯ٿĹºӺˮ
ˮҳһƬհףʲôûУºӡ
ڴͷڻȻһɷϵʿץһľƺִʲô񡭡ºӵЩͷɫʵġĪСҲˣȫµһ仰Թˣд죡
ΪȫµԾʱ򣬡꾭أڰ˿Ҳˡ
ڻ긮סһʱ䣬״Ҳ͵ȲҪҼƺһӰһˣ
붼û룬Ⱦ˵ڰ˿ӣΪĵڰ꣡
ͬһʱ䣬Ļٴһ䣬ռɵĵһҳλãڻ֮ϡ
ı滹дš֮ϴѰ֮ˣ


385 Уˣ
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ȱ仯ģж˵ڰصġ롯ԡںϣɷЦ˳ںϣѵ˵ԣԼһ
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һ䣬ڼǰʵԼȵԲá
ȼһԼ״ܳʱ֮橵ؿ˿ڣƺҲ̫˼˵Լġԡ
ҼҼƣңұ֮ƺѷſǻˣ꣬ʲô޽ͼǧ쳾ҵ־ͺѷһ֣ƣ
һѷ֡
ο𲻿ˣǰҽ֮֮Ҳкǿҽɣ
ﻹһ䣬ҽܱȵùֵҩˮô

˭ԼǷ̫࣬ʲôԣܾˡ
ңҵ棬Ҳҽƣ̲ס˳ǰҽûзãҽûأ
Ծʲôһ
ǡָӦһһ㶼ԱԼӦμƫƫĬ˺ܳʱ䣬һǸлģ˴ƣһ֮»
лģӻ
ʲôûил˵ľ򣬸ȱٷԵĻʽ
Ҽ˵ĺԼûŪԼã

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ٺһЦҲ֪ԼҪʵڹ֣ҲʵŪȵԣ֣һΰɣԺҲ㻹Ҫˡ
Ҳۣ𺱼࣬ں֮ûУ

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ԶſһƲʺ棬ǰڶ治Զһܱ߽ɫƵӰڵע
Զ߶µһʲôʵ
Զƽˣڲĸֺͱֲ˽⣬һֱսǰṩ鱨
һΣԶŶĽɫӰ˰죬ɵҡҡͷһˣҴûԣƽ棬ûһ˰
δ֪ĸ֣
һʮѾڻƽǰչֳǿ˻ҹǰ϶еǿ֮һ
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ǵһƽ壬ų֮һ˷ں޵İ취ǻƽһĿ֮ˣе飬ôˣȻûҼҼƣһҪСģǹҵĵһȣ϶ӵк͹һ
һ뵽Լ⢴Ĺо̲ס࿴˼顣
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˵ţͻȻ󱳣˫³ͬһŰ뿪Ĵ󹭡
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386 ں
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˵˼ȵԣͻȻЦ㣬ԭˣԭˣ꣡


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ף̷񶨣Թ֮Уҵ޾Ŀܷǳͣһҵ֮ǰٻ߻ƽ塭
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۾ˣԶǸС£ʵҲֵһα壬ԼɱĹ޸Լùǡ
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һǻһԥԼ޼δı棬ΨһϵҲǵ޼ɿ

ȥ޼ðգԴУûö೤ʱ˾
Զϣ·͵͵һһҹڿ޼Ͻ罨һбݡ
Ɽݣһоǰ޽һ׸ߵ񣬳ͷϲŴ޾죬вϽػƽǣҲԹĹٷ˵˵ٵ
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ӵӣȻѣհٱիƹ񣬳
ϤˣϤķòƺصǰԹζȻ
ıҲǳ飬ֻ˵޼ȥˣѾ»˳бݾͬصԼңʲôʲôһ仰
ΨһһҪǣΪⱻĻƽ巢֣òҪ뿪а벽
Ҫ˵ڶСôе㲻أ
ڱס˶ʮ죬ȻеĲԽԽˡ
죬ҪһЩ˵Ĺ޸ùǣʱӦˣ첻ӰҵЦе˵˵ģ޵ģģʱֻԾүݺʵЩͨͷ
үҼ޼˵ֱˣѾԳǣȥΪѰһϵ¶һ޶ֱȥˣ
ԼѰֱۣ
Ǻ鰡
ĺ飬Ϊʲô˵
Цݣôһġ죡


388 ˵ˣ˲1
ĳ죬ϰԵضſڣһ·ŮڣһŮҹʹ˶ʮˣȫǸõĽ𷢺ŮĶˣת˵ʲôүǾźˣһṩرġŶ
ԼһͣĿڻëˣΪϲɫҲ֮С
ʮˣȻҪֺˡ
ǡ
ʾҪЩ֮Ϊʲô뿪ĸڣԻͽźأ
ʮˣӵкԪϵʵ
ʮˣʮǿߣΧסڸڡһеģǷ㣬㣿
Ƶ鲻ʤö٣ڵڶʮʱﵽ˱Ķ㡣
һ죬һ׼ʢľ磬ڲдѾд˽ģԲȣһھҪԼȥ޾Ҫ
үҪȥ޾
ЦЦ飬飬һˣֵܣ޾϶Ǹܱү
Ӧˣգգ۾е㲻š
ʲôӦģЦݸӹˣүǵĿˣҪߣǻõɣ˳ȥүԵȣȥ׼ͻ
Ƭ֮ͻˣֻ˵Ѿ׼׵·Ҫһоưɣ
һˮ͵ǰ
޼չôãҲ˼Ɑƣǵٱһڵʱ򣬼ﾪȣҲȵı֣
￩һ£ˮͺͷ档
Ⱦ֮󣬼ĸⱭԻɢڻƽܾ￴ֶҩר²ģ
Ķͷðһ亹ҩʹˣ޼Ȼûġ
ҹװԻɢĶڴϺ˯˺ҹµʱðٿ壬һͨĳ򡭡ڵ״Ҳֻܴһˡ
Ȼƻĵע룬⳵򱻸жʹ飬һӢۣݳʹӺˡ
ҹڷߣ¹ϽƲԱӹȴƲڵ¶һĨɱѪɫ
ڳ˿뿪޼ΧˡܻƽĽɱҲŵ壬ǲʲôΣգܱ޼Ҫðɣ
ţȻ˳ĺүߣүߣ
ʮƽסȥ·
ɣ
һ³ǿֱ۵ʹÿϣⲻǳ£
үǶǳд𣿡
˸ɫµ̽ץȻЦҲѾ˵𣿾үҪߣǾֺαءһתˣ˵ЩĻˣүѾҲûаץȥĵֻүԵƬ̣Ҽ޼Ѿˣڸ
޼ԼѾӲˣҪǻԼǻҶʣ£
µҲһᣬЦеϣ־Ϳˣٺ٣ûʱˣǲø·
˵Ŷû꾭ðʻ޾Ҫȥ
ү
ɫһ䣬ץס
ôͼذˣ֪һս޿ɱˣЦȥ׼Ǿɣֲǵһα׷ɱ
Ǻǣү˵ﻰʲô׷ɱ׷ɱҪҼÿҵԴЦѣѣ
ѣ
Ʋ߳ŵ𣿼ǲʮǿ߼𣿻о¶Իɢѣ
ɫһ䣬Ȼ̾˿Ҿ֪ЩֶүǡֵүˡҲûа취Ҽȷʵ³ȥˣҵһߵдǰڱݣҪʮ죬ҲǵҹΪֹ
ھҪأ
˸ɫ𲦿˳֡
ˢһӣʮƽγ˱үһҪߡֻ˵Ϊˣ
Ҫս˼ˣ
ЦһһһӾͳ˳ͷ
ɾʱһֻץסޣŰ΢΢һЦŤͷүһμ棬޼ˣ

Ϊƽ֮޼׿⣬˽ɫϻëҲѾð˰뻢߼ɫϻ룬Ц΢΢
ƺǴӺԶĵطϻģ糾ͣϻһӣﻹѪ
֣һμ޼ƲƲ죬СܲУϰɱˣ
ү޼û´˺޼Цֻóдү˳㣬үڱסҹǳ£ҵ˼дܵĵط
ŶᣡһͷѾˣҿô
ү
ôҪ
Ц
үˣˣ޼ӷ£ֻү⼸СֻҪˣ޼̹뿪

ʲô񶾵ɣ
ɨֻۣϻа߲ѪɢѪȶ֪ʲô塣ˣϵһһ̣Ʋʲô򿪿
ү뿴
޼ӣһһɫƣүѾ˵˻ƽļλϣͨִƣڻƽϾ⵽κ
һ㶣
ƿǺöȥ׷ɱҪƽṩ
ǵ˫޼Լֺöʲô
ڶ
Ӧ޼ӵĵڶ㣬һ鲻۵ʯͷ
ϵһʯ޼ؽʯͷ͵ϣһ飬깫飬֮ȡǿƬʮĹɷѧİأУ
ˣˣ
ӹʯͷ˿Ȼдźܶ๦ھ԰۹һ۾Ϳˣ⹦Իʵûһ˿٣
֣⣬ǴӹŪģȻ
һЩСӹﻻġ
޼˵赭дСҲܲ³ܻġСǺ䶯Ҳ޼ʹһӵĺö
һˣȻͳ˺
Լѧʮ𣬻عͷ
үպʲô޼ܣֻ˵գ޼ЦүǱʮ˵ģھ˴棡˶٣ҾүҪȥţŵһߣʮɵʮھүͨһؿˣ
ǵˣ϶ж档
лʱ䣬޼ͳ˵С
үѧƺǱ԰ɣ
޼ӵĵ㣬һֻ޵壬޼ţʮգսҹΪүͷĻ룬һֻۣ;ү


389 ˵ˣ˲2
һǰ
ͨڵִ֮ǰͨ衣
ʮʮߵһؿڡ
ۣʵ콫һǿ׵ľ磡
˭ܲģ
۾ų˾˵̰֮⣬ڨڨְڱΪ˵ҽ
ǣ޼Ƿû˵䲻ģүܻŵִţΪ˾үİȫ޼òүʮ죡
ѽ˵Це˵ЩöҲͰˣ
޼΢΢һЦѹҪ߾үү˰ɣ
⡭
һ뻹¡
յݣ޼˵ͳô룿һûİˣһ˵춯صĶ˵󻰵ķӣֱӻ޼ͼıתܵˡ
ֻȰ£ȳﱸ׵֮ͳܰ͵İȰ
޼Ҳ͵Ĳף
ٺ٣ȻһƬġ
촽֣һ㣬Ͱ°ɣ
üͷһ壬ֱӴ꣬޼ɷѿĵֺ㣬ÿһ䶯󣡡
뵽ˣ
̾˿
֮±㿴޼ӣΪ˸Ūۣ׷ɱ޶ʮ죬սҹ۵ɫķˣûע⵽ĵطĺڲϵѪ
޼ƴŸŪ۵ģ
⻹ǿõģĵط޼Ϊ˻ƽͨΪ˻ɷѿĵڲ¸ϣߺţԼұԳܵĴۣ
û
Ҫʲô˵̫ҪˣȥðҲ£
֣°ɣ
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к˹ܣвɫǧ򻯳ĹߣӾ޸Լۡ
һȭͷһɫĻֱɣԲ֮ڵ¶˳ܵĵز
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Ϊֱۣ޼Ҫɣ
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ãأذ
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ϣ֣ʲôץס˳ֱۣʲô鲻˵ģǵҪҪˣҲǶˣ¾ȥˣ
һ죬˳Ҫ̨ף˵ֵı飬ҸŻأ˵Ҫ˵ʱЦôʲô
ү֪ǲĻ̥ЦǿЦ
ҲǸ˾ƵһүҪһֱۣҼ˶˵̾ȥΪѰһˣǳЦӭս룬Ҽ˲֪ܵٴ˰ǵؿһ޼ٹ죬һǿоͻϮбݣҪˣӭսǿа
ϷˣԽ׷ʵǿУʲôǿУ
Լҵ˵ʲôô޼ŭ
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͵仰أүԸ
ϲվ佣˳־͸ûӰˣֻҪүϳ֣бݾƽˣǿУֳ޾

һһ

Ȼ֪飬Ѿˡ
ӡ޾֪ΪʲôҪ޼޼סľһȭʱ޾ĵܵܣǻʲôеĺöһԵó¸ֻҪСܵ˵һû޾ͷŹ޼ô
ղǳ͵ģǳ޾
Ҷˣ
εػ˻֣Ҵʲôʱ
޼۾һڽҹ
ˣҾĳǰʱкˣŶͷҿȣҴܲҵģ᲻ŹԼңҿɶұ֤
оүһ仰޾Ȼֵģ
޼ϵɷ֮ɫһɢˣƺҲںһ֣үѾ׼ˣ͵٣
˵
·˼ͻȻͣȵȣ޾ɱҴȻǿǻƽûһҲаǧɣǧ壬סҴһˣ𣿡
ү˵ǰһһֵ˹𣿡
޼е㷢顣
ǰôˣŤͷʵ
֮󣬹ͱˣ
޼ЦǰڲѪɣһ͵һĺҲڻ¡Ǳ֮Ǳһˣչڣ˵ʲôˣ˼ǧ꣬Щذ
˼ǰ壬ٿĳϴᣡ
뵽˽ƽڲƽûͳһľֻʮλɵĳϻᣬ飬ǵһϣ
ȻأʾԼˡ
ٿϴᣬһʼǻΪʲôľ⣬һᣬڽ̳ĸʱ޼ε֮ɢƽ壬嶼ȥ˼䣬˵ҪֲЩµȡĿˡ
˵޼ŵһ䣬ˣѾһͷβķӣһ䣬ҪǹҲŪͨ
ѾĿɿڴ
ɢƽ壿
Ҫ
̲סڤ긮żȡŮⶼƻĺ°ɣ
ȵȻ˿ֲһƻģȻûƽٽɢ


390 ƽ
ƽ״޼ݵĻҪأ
ƻһУͳ׵ȻˣԼƽǸԾǲˡǺȻ˽ɢƽ顭һǧǰƽڣ˵ƽʹ˾ͽɢˡ
һǧ󣬻ƽѾչ˵˵ĹģʮλҲϵͬ⹫顣
٣ոճΪʥŮδһƬĹ⢾Ͳͬ⡣
ڵľǣ˵˼λϣǧ˵Ķ飬ĵҪɢƽ塪޼ŪƣҲֻһйá⼸λѸٺ͹һƿһҵıҪͽ
Ѿ֮
ʣµģҲֺõĻƽԵ޼ͱȽѹˡ
޼ǧ˵ʿⳡΣЩôɻû֣۾ͷˣ
֮Լ֮۾ƽ嵲ס·һǣһƽ徹Ȼڲѣ̴ķƽңˣƽŵĺûᣬԼߣܽǧϵĻƽ۾ڸ̨ϣΪ֮һƽƽ

ջȽƮ죬ɹؼ۾ƽƽ֣
̨۾ƽƽ֮Ҳʸ۾磡
ջ󣬸ԼǳڸԭѾ÷ˣ
ڼ䣬һȾһϽɢƽɱɲƵֻС֣һƽһɱ֮˵еĻƽѾﵽλ֡
֮ȣ޾ͱȽֱˣĴѡ˼ƽĴݵ㣬һſһȺŹƽ塪һΧŹƽһȺ
޼õϢǣѾƽӪر޾ɱĻƽߴǧ˰ˡ
޾߸Ӫء޼бݣ

һ·޼ԼȵľȻ
һ֣ǿҲԵò磬ɾǼ򵥵һƻģȻϽΣ˲Ȼ󲨣
ǿ֮
һӣͻȻ뵽˺ݡҲѾΪ꣬һ֣֪֮Լı
үѾˣ
޼һ̾ѾбݵĴſڡ
ʱԼұѾȫ䱸Žգǧʿֳӣһڳǰóƣһڳǽϼ¡ЩʿЩΪƽ壬ʵǿ棬Ҳ
ѹѹǧۼ˳Ÿ棬عݣ૵
ӣ
ӣ
ӣ
Σ֮ʱض棬ѾķˣΪ壬òڹѪеϰҲı䡣
һĻͻȻеˡ
Ȼܲͬңһˣǰػһǧ꣬˽ȻԹΪս٣ݼ
ԹһӾ˵ˡѹ鸲֮ûҲκһ
ģȻһ㴥
ӣ
ӣ
ǧ˵һ𣬲˵죬ҲɢԲʮķΧ֮˲ɫ˾С
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񻺻۾һĵľʹʱͷ
ǵãһѣԹϢԹҶѾɱˣ
ȻϤ棬ˡв
β֮ɢбݡɫûвûܹ槼֮һΣɫϽΪ׵Ĺʥ۾Ҳƴƽֶѣʥ۾˼䣬ɫȱȫ֮лһ⣡
񣬾βԷģý̫ӪҲ޿κε
Թδ
ڱиоϤԹףȻԲ۾ԹһǻһǻҲܳԭ֮ƣԹûһĨɫڷǿôҪԹһǻô

һݶԹҳϣ׾ˣ
ûвɫڵı仯Це棬֣Щ˶ȥɣҴٲ̣Ҳɱ˺ͺǲ
ɣ
޼ҡҡͷо仰û˵ڼܰϣ޾Ʒôʱһ˵Ǻõģֻһ˻һӡ
үһж׼ˣػ
޼ó˳ǰͳ˧λá
Ҳ˰Ӿ˳ͷ۵ĵطмٸʿͬһ㡣
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賿ӵʱһźͻȻڵɫҲͻȻӿѪٶȡ
Ǻ޵ıܣԤʾΣˣҲӵˡ
ˣ
վ磬Ͻˣ
һ޼бݵǧʿԼǧ棬ȫŵ
ܲӹһ٣Ϳӹˣ
Ǻܷɣ޾㲻ϸӣҲ˺ǻʲôЦеؿźƹȻЦһ㽩Ӳ֮ЦŤͷ֣ĲҴô
޼Ҳˣ
ֻ֮УֵĲ޾һ֧ӴĻƽӡ
ǧˣͷǹ⢺ͼģˣʿȫǶʮ֮䣬Ľ˶׳꣬һǵĻƽӣ
µǣ滹ĴСĳ޵ң

ǽر۵һͷҲһ¡

ô
ʲô̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡣޲ðƤ
⢿Ǳˣ
û͹һս⢵δһĿȻƾ͹ĹϵΪʥŮȻ󲽲ΪƽĳϣϣȻϻƽȥ˼ʰҾ֣Ϊ˼ףٻعͷš
˷չȥ⢲һųΪҲڻ¡
ɾΪȻԹʲôɾΪ龹Ȼɢƽ壬ôǧһҹֱ֮ˣ
һӣ⢾ʹ֮Ů˷֮һͷ죬λˣʵȨҲˡ
⢣޼Ծ㣬㣬ôˣ
ҲôЦһĵ˲ӹ޼ϣ޼һͬͽ㵹һͶˣ
Ͷˣ޼æ⣬ʱ˵һ仰ɾͻᱻǧӻм޹ɱ޾Ҫֲ
ûͶ࣬ʲô
⢻һָЦضڳͷڵĵطۣҲֻͷڵλãͳ֮λøһˣʲô˵ģ޼ͽ


391 


޼췢ģվǵطֻ޾һ۾Ϳʲôᣡ֪⢾Ȼ޾֮ǰˣץ˸У
ƺҲϴˣ
޼ӷٵתϾǰٱիĴƹѹһǿߣֻӾͻָ侲
ʥŮæŶ֣л˵޼ظҴûͶ࣬ҲΪ˵ֿ۾޾ղʥŮ˵һԸ飬ãҴӦֻҪ˵ˣ׷£һַͬ飡
ǳԼҲҪ⢵½⣡
޼ʱ򣬳Ҳٽ˹⢵Ķ֮УҵһϤѣһ顣Ȼһ͵͵ϣѾ˹⢱󣬵޼˵˼û
Ϊ˶Ը޾
⢵۾޼æǣһ޾ͻ֤ûƭ
ţ⢵ͷԸһַǸͽ
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ŪģҪ⢵ģץס֮Ϳȥǧͼ޵Ĺ޾ͿˣԼ۸ܵ
ҪǼ֧޾˵ǲΣգǹ⢡̾ҪԹ⢵Ĵɱˣ
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Ťͷһ޼һĻĳ棡

֪ʲôʱͻȻûһߴӰ
ͷĿۼס˾ǺֶܶƴɵĹȫ͵ޣǸǿһ֣ƺûɱ΢Цţ廳̾Ϣţߵ˳Ÿ档
ǧ滹ﵻ棬ߵ£Ѿӵצḧһǡ
Ķ޵ʼʧˣͷݣצӱ֣֫ȡϵۼҲʧˣһڵս׸ϣҲ˱־ԵƳף
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Ÿʲôķӳ죬ĻѾ˵ˣûлͷΪʲôҲˣ
ˡʿãȻؾܾƺ£££
ҲʲôˣָŹ⢴һǵĸĸǵӣǵĶŮòǵĸĸ޶Ҫ֧ǿΪ˸ĸ޶һս
ʿǱ˵ˣһɱ˳ͷ
ϵȴŭˣ˶ϼǲģһʿǾȻҳɱȥʮֵסȥ·
ТӣڴˣҶ֣
ž
һ˦ֱۣһһʿϣʿĿɿڴǣִг
ƨ
޼ż꣬ٱիƹӣӰЩ˼ꣿ
֮ѾǱĬظıһǧ꣬Щ˶ųģѧ𴫼ֵģǳ֮ѧĵһ仰Ǵľšӣ
ʲôǴС㾴֮η֮һҲɵ
˵˭ɣ˭ð
б䣡
ĳϵ޼Ʋסˣ֣
⢲Ųæ
ûи޼һγʵǱˣڴŻƽľ񲿶ת֮Сһľӣǿǧлƽ˼ǧ꣬ޡƾЩʿޣбҪһ˵ô
˱Ӱ̫ѾͶЧˡǧʿǧǿ޿ƣԷ˷ǵ޴һǧ˳棬ϣ

彫ָӾת
ǰģһٶ࣬дӥͺգִޡԼһǧ޴ȥ
ʱЦеؿ֣Ȼ㣡˵һ˻ʲô򣡡
ұĿˣʱϵˣ
Ŀޱ飬еУĹϵġ뵽չ䳾ϲһЩжҿбݣ˵˱䳾Լһлˣ
ʲô˰֣һָķޣЩһô
ԹȻٱ˲ٿִ֮䣡
һĨɫȫ˵в޼Ѿ׼ŭ
ǻû֣
ػ𣡡֪˭Ⱥдһʱǧͦصվ
ҲǸõĻƽ壬ǧЯ󣬾ȻηӭǸķޡ

ʿǿɵˣȻûаӵԥǰ棬һȥƴ齻ǣ˺ͺӴʲô֣
ػ𣡡ƺûʿĺȣǱһϳǽſγͽٵ޽ɱһ
ı飬񺷵ϧƴɱЩ׷ԲԵ˺ûгָߵĺӣһȺͷβڽ̷ӣ
ǵģӣ
ֶǵӰ̫ˣǾǺڽ̻ߣҲԼ
ܷ񣬵Ҳֵþ壬Ϊյķһǧһյػ֮أԹŶ࿶֮ʿǲκһӢۣˣлر
Բ
һ棬Ӱӳǽˤȥݺᣬ֮޺
˸ɱҴ԰գض֮ɷɱҴ԰գض֮


392 ǿ۾
ص֮УͻȻ˰ٶ׸ߣһԵңӦֻצֱܵƣصһצмʮֻ䳾һƣٶоĳ⽴
ȫһҰԿ񱩵ս
ƴЦˣ߸߾֣µۣʱһƣɱҲ֮У
ɱ˻𣡡
صһȭ汻Ĺѣ϶ӵƲ㣬һƬɫĻҲ͵س𣬻ܣƬķޣҰǵڣ
һغϣ⢵ǰʧ
ù⢰յǣ˳ͷϿյ֮󣬷ڰ֮УɫҲָ˺ΣӰڳǰһͻһ޷Խմ
Ȼոգܲ죬ǹ⢿ˡ
ɣ
ⲻǹʮô
˵ǩͨͳʮ𣬾Ȼģ
ˣĳüǿĳ󣬻ʮ糷ɣѣЩ˿ɶǶɽӣʧ˶٣޾Ҳˣ
⢻شĬƬ̺ͷǱ볷ˣҪƽߣһشҲҪóһĴ·
ҿ˿ϺսǶоɫ
ߣ
һԼ
һοʽֻ֣һƮҶƼڻҽɱս֮джѪ֫ϱۣ׷ײմ
󣬹˫ˮƲţ趯ÿһ趯߾ͷֳһ˸Ӵ裬ֻͬĺ
ֻʮô
һЦ˸һ֣Ա̫Сˣ޿ɱܣֻȫĺϡ
ѾͷȻʮ˺͹һİ˷磿
üˣһб黹кܴһξ룬ɱܣֻһЩˡ
Ȼ
֮󣬱ְ˸ѪĿնӴ˵˸ʵ̫Сˣƺһ˹ȥʹٻʱ򣬹Ѿ˹ȥƽĳϺҪսǽһգ۾ʧƲ֮С
ѧӣҲһմһ׷Ŀܡ
ѾͷҲôСģ
ЦЦû׷ȥ
϶ҪовģҪ׷ȥˣһ޾ʱҪƴˣ
⢣һˣ

պҹˣû뵽ƺѾûҪˡ
Ȼʱ֣
ֹǸͽҪʮ𴫸òǳصմûմͳˣ
޼ǿɶ񣡡
һ·񱼳ȥʮƬƶ䣬⢺ͼλһƬƲ㰲Ъ
һ£ϺͽǾͿʼ˱Թֻй⢿ܳ޺ʿŭڲǱԹʱ֣
⢣ѾʥŮˣ˵
䳰ȷһ㿪ʼ㡣
ֲܿǧʿޣֻǧһٶ˳Ҳֻʣǧͷ
һս֮ڣʧ˽ɱ
⢵ɫѿ޼һɱһһӾʧɱ
ˣҲû޾̾˿վʰһ£·֮ⱻռ죬ƲҲȥʱգ
˶٣·϶̽ӣСĽ䱸С޾һǿߣ
Ϻͽµص˵ͷ
ߵѾ֤ˣһǿ߶սӰжһˣ͸ɵ˼ǧʿޣҪ߰˸ðԼЩ˰˽ӣ
ɺޣ
ǹѱ䣬£ǿļԪϣҲûи򣬷Ϊ˸ɱİӰ
뵽εҡҡͷҪ·
ͻȻ
ϣôһƽľӣһЦ𣬡Сأƺ׬ˣһС̣СܣСɱö࣬Ϻ𣡡
СأС̣СܣС
ЦƵسƺƽȻȻðһͷ˵ˡ϶Сģ
ԭܼ򵥣ģ̣ܣأ۾Ĵ
۾ˣ
һӣƽǵûѪɫ
ԶӰӰ´µˣͷһӲߣͷݰҰ˵Ӻķ棬˵ƽֱֹǧҪ޹ıƭˣСӿɱˡ
ۼ֤Сٿᣬü´ƣһûеᣬɱ˼һ
۾֮ף
ڶ˸ߴ׳ˮüһĨɱǵɨݣǣͳһ⣬ǬĲṦΰʵһӡУһĨɱԵѪԵ˲֮ӣ
۾
ǿӰ󣬵˾ԵЩϥˡ
εı䣬ѹ飬񱱶񱻺ɱȫûĹ˵ˣֻʣѹһ˾оƨɺ棬һź˵ūţ˲ˮ߹
һдĻƽ·˷Ȥ̸Цž˹
ǵפأ뿪ȻȻһвȻǾ͹ˣ
ð
ضһһشƽϣףôֻǣأأأƽ񶼲ڣʮеڰɣͷôûڣǾƾЩˣǸͲˣ
ƽᡣ
˵֣ǻƽе֣һ۾⣬ҲΪǵĴڣ۾ųٳûпţ
ңеһֱȥˣһֲˣѾͶˣ
䣡
ձֽɱһ󣬳ʵûе۾һսˣɬҰձǲȥţҿ԰ѵԨ͸ǡ̸УǲһֱҪԨôˣǸˣ
ʲôз蹷ڿͣǷΣ
ţҧָף˹ƽңԨѾ˷ˣҪȥԼɱȥˣҪǸ𣿡ƲƲ죬֪Ѿ˭ɱǧƽͿԺƽƽµģǵȻҪҲҪɱǧඣ
ŤͷС㿴һһʣµĸСȿô
ӲľһҪһЩ
һЩ
ΪʲôҪһЩ
ûзӦͻȻоһҺԼıǼϣ̵ģᣬѪζ̱ǡŤͷһ˵ҪһЩʱѾɱ˻ƽѪľ֮УһƵĹâӹ̼䣬˾Ű˱ʳƬѪꡭ
ٲЩЩƽʿɶҪɱˣ


393 ܲѹ
ƽ۾һʱ֮
ҹɫµƲ㣬ѾȾѪɫĺƣмͨ·Ѿˣ֫ϱ۶·ڣ޵ʬ屻ب·룬һѪɽ
ǧһʮˣǧһʮţǧٶʮ
ʬɽѪ֮УһһԼɱĵо
ɱ˷ʽȻͬʬ֪౻ڳģӲģпƶģ϶µ֡еĻƽ壬޷㣬ΪɱصѪˣʬ嶼ûС
Ҳü㣬ɱĶˡ
ǧʮ壬ŶҮ
ϣ˷ܵؾȭһСأǷˣ̵ǧ࣬Ҳаǧ̨࣬ϣӰ
⢺ͼ϶ˣ
ɫصغһ
ղŴսʼ⢺ͳ֪̾ԼǶˣ´󲿷ʿתܣֻٲֵľ
֮ԼҪֻɱǧƽ壬ɱ˭׷ǡ˿ܵ⢺ͳϣܵСûвֻΪƽĴ㡣
˷ܵƵѪܻմһЩ˵Ĳ٣ЦеûСѾСӻأ϶Ź׷ȥˡ
ҿ˿ȻѹѾ֪١
ϻûƽѪдһѶλ۾⢺ͻƽϲΪǣҲǽѢ֮ѹΪǳ֮
ߣСӹȻ飡жһĨ͡
ǰСѡѹ࣬ѡأЦǼɵ²ӥһѹ飬£ῴɫ֪ǣĬؾͰǲƨɡѽѽһɵСһСأǲǿһ£
ʲô
硭ԺͽСӺˣ
Ц
ȴصһߣѹСӣɲһ٩Ļһе֣СأСܣС̣һѹΪеС࣬ζ۾Ϊλ۾
ѹǴʳĿʵۣΪ۾֮һȫ
ѹǲϧʵ̫ˣ
ѹĽ飬ӵһȵѹ飬۾Ტۣ
ֻǡ
ѹô

һƬƲ֮ϡ
⢣ƽϲֻ˳һ±ʿ̫ˣ֮ǰǧʿޣֻʣ˾Űٶʿǧޣ
Թһ˵ֻǱˣҪתƶѣһ·תӴľӾͱһСߣǷˮʱܱ˲Сߣ
ֵǣ˾ǾȻЦ


һĿЦУ⢵۽ǻһ⣬ϣô˳Ǳ۾ɱˣҪʱҲԪˣֻʣôһʿ
һڽɫս֮еˡ
ʨӵò׳ģһ˳ڵϡģƽ֮һ
ûǸԵκһλ۾ƽеǿߣ
ҪˣҲͬ⣬ͱͰΧҿսҹҲ˵ӳ
ԭ
һսҹ⢼ϣ塭
ģصһеĴ󵶣ҳ˼۵СѾˣ۾Ҳ֮һս
ͺá˿ֵϣǵĲѾˣ붫Ѱһ鰲֮Ȼɽ𣡡
û˵
һ㶣ϣ̧ͷһüԼı
ұʲôô
תͷֻѹһֽ컭꪿ڼϣһǺɫ裬Ц˹
ƽʿѾɱ˵һѹ͸æܣ⢺ֹʲô۾Ҳη壬վӭУ
ѹ飬׷ɱǵģ
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Ȼѹ黹˹ĲѾоɱˣҲҪȿǣǺǣǾͱǸˣֻʹˮˣ
ˮЦһղǣڡŤͷһѯʵɫϣ˾Ǳĵ䣬۾ʵ߹
Ұɣ
ʵڲѹ鶯֡ѹʲôݣ۾ӥȮѣǻƽ񣬺ѹԽˣ
ǹѾˣԼҲֻǿˡ
СӣùˣϷͲӻϣ
󵶣ѹ飬˵ȣܲϽ磬Ȼ
˵䣬Ѿ˾Ҫľ룬ĴͻȻѹԴȥ
ѹ鳤һҲʺ˳
ûо춯صĴжԺ䣬޹ؾط˾Ǳƴٶȣһһꪣ޷׽ֻ˽ɫĵͺɫâײһ£˾ͼǰȥ
һ


ܿ߳ȥ˶ʮѹűҲ߳ȥ˶ʮ
ۡһʺһѪ׳ʨȻأ
ѹƺһ΢С飬꪿ڼϣ˹ǰ
ղǾǶƽ֮һѹЦЦܲϧҲһЩ
ƽʿͬݣļž
һУɱƽ񣡡ôʵŵȣôɱϣϿǺ۾ǿߣһиɵϣѹбһиɵ۾
£ѹ飬۾֮ϵĴͷ˭˿ɵУ
ûʲôֵֵİѹȤֶֻܹ̫ˣҿɲֻȣºһбꡭˣߺһΪĳ꣬£

꣺£
λһ壬еǿ֮һ
ӿռ䣬꪿˲䴫͵еκһ綫ʺӿռ䷨ָ£
仯ǧҪҵȻλһ塭

˵ˣҲҲ
һƽͻȻˣѹһֱ߹ɰﲻ֪˺εȿֲع⣬϶ɱڵģ
ʱԽ࣬ľԽ죡
ѹƺû˼ؼҵĺ£Ҳ˰ɣ۾߹ֻһ̨׶ѣһ죬һ۾ʬϸߵ۷塭Ȼʵ˵Ҹôأ
ǿ̫ˣҲ̫ˣ
⢿ɬһЦͷ۾ɱڰɣ
ɱ㣿
ѹԵúܳԾΪʲôҪɱ㣿񣬾ӺϣС㣬һõ飡Ƿʩ񣬡㿴к£˼СҲǧ۱ԿһսΪʲôأ


394 һڣ1
ţ۾
С㣬ѹҪʮˣûȢףʳҲûлӣôȤҵĻʺЯִ𣿡
ѹЦֻҪǳףҾͿڻȥ˼磬һɣ֧Ͻֻǲбܽ˼磬ҲԺɨݵʵ˵ŪһƱ񺷽˺ܴţҪСػ
ǳνˣ
˵ѹ黹̾˿ŶͷΪ˴գˣмƶóˡ
Цˣ
ЦѹҲЦˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ѹ鳤һӣնƽϵͷ­һһϻޣ
ˣѾȫ֧ӣ΢Цѹӹȥ˼ĵ·Ҳ׼ˣҵĻʺ󣡡
˵ıӰЯԶһƱδĻƽ壬ǻ೰Ц
ˣǣҹ⢾Ȼг޵һ졭ѹ飬ʵҺɷ̫٣̫̣̫Ҷģ
С㣬ʵɣҲܲ˳ۣҸϲС˵һࡣ
ʲô취أǶʤߣô
ţһʤߣʮѹĺ£㹫⢵ǵĶӽһεȿֲĹһ£һҲҲĿ
̸Цʱ˼Ĵʳ
ط͵Ϯ˻ƽѪһҪ֮ȴûгʤ׷ǸƽѪİɽȥһܺ
յܺɽĬ˺ܳʱ䣬ȻļƽʳĶǣڻʹ½һٻƽ֮š
Ѫ׼
⢴ĲбܽһѪĴ֮˳
ӭ˼䣬λ񣡡
ɽӭӣ󣬴ʳĵļȻӭʺ٣
ţ⢵˵ͷȴѹ鲢ûдг£㲻׼ع˼ô
Ȼ
ѹվ֮ŵһͷЦһǱ࣬Ҫ۾߹أǺǣԳЦЦҪǡһҪһˣһҳΪǿߵˣ

߻صбݣ⢳˺ӡ
𣡡
𣡡
ݶˣۼ棬ߺ֮ڶʿǾά򣬿ϵļͿȴڸǣ˵ĿⶼעųͷϣվһΰӰ

ǧһΪʵˣһޣסԼһҵһʵ
⵱ȻΣͻվڳǽϰ
ȵȺУ޼ͳɫȴǳΡԼշͳٲȻԼҳǱľˣʱҪǸһѵˡ
ϣȥ׼ף
ʲô޼ĲɣһʱȻû塣ף͵̫˽ˣСǳСۣǵõռұγʲôαǳ϶ᱨģ
˶٣Ϊ֮ƣֻóԼһҵסˣˣ䳾ֻһŮˣǴԻʳһʸʵ۵жȥŲΪ㰡
ô
޼Ҵҵܽ˳
һ³ͷʱ򣬾Ϳһ棺޼ڵϣ߾Լһҵףʹذүղŵ顭֪˵ʲôûˣֻϣԼһжɣ
˵Ŵףа˾ǧ֣ǾֶعĨˡЩѾѹɱ
ټϣԹֱϵѪֻʣˣ䳾޼
ϣʲô
۾һĨЦ˵ˣıĿǺصģҪǲʰһԼġѡ˯ȡ
һףһ˿ֻʣô
ˣ
޼ʹ޵ﵹǻһЩˣɶԹҵӵܣһЩѳҳ
ɣһ޼ҪţҪЩн𡭡˵أ
Ʋ죬Ըֶ˵ˣһôҰٰӣϼ켸ҹҲˣ
⻹в
޼һ֣ûҺ硣
ڱлжˣʵ
ʿǧ࣬ղǧǧң޼ش
ǧˡüͷһ壬Ͻң۾ɱǧͿƽƽϽ̫Σˣ
˵ǣǡ޼ЦҲ˼䣬ȫԱʵȥ֮˵ȫǸҲûϣĿǰ˼·ֻһ֮˿ٻǣûǴƲֱȥɳֻҺͳ£һ취үһͨε̾˿Ļʦ
ҴǷȥ

Գ֣޼ϲˣ֣ô˵ҲҵҾҪȥˡ
꣬ҸǴԵ
ɣһһֻųĺľޣıͬһ㳡ǧˣ
죬ʰװ޼ϲеͬǣҪǻؼˣ
𣡡
𣡡
ǧ棬Ҳʲôϸˣı
һĻҲ˵ʲôˣڤ긣ʧȥ˶ԼĿɼҲֻܳȫ
ˣһƣ޼ڲϣ˼䣬ȥҹʣֻҪԸΪĸʻһؽԣ
лл޼æصл
㣬˶ĺ󱳣߰ЩˣǸղŹ⢵һֳУ޴˵ܲطеĸٺ͸ѹ
ףɴЩԱͬʱ޼ٺ֮ȥī롣īһͨЩˡ
޼һһӦǰ֮žˡ
һԱһȴ޾ĵ
ȫ֮ĵڶʱ޾١
һķ糾ͣɫϻմѪһڳſڵľȻ㣿޼أ
ˣ
ָָ£Цеôɲ֪ղŷ˶顭ղŵ齲һ飬ֻƽѣ˺ˣֻʣ˲бܽȥŵ·Ҳûϰ˰ɣ
޾ǳǸؿһ
֣ҸʲôӴͷ
ˡ޾ǸһЩͲȥ˼䡭˿̣Ѿɱ˰ɣ


395 һڣ2
֣ʲôЦ
Цݽסˡ
ûпЦ޾һʱ֮ǰϮ⢲в⢺ͼƽѾѹɱƽһ֧Ѿˣ۾Իƽһս
Щجģʲôϵ
㲻ô
޾üһս˼ǣκһɻƽֱƲ֮Ҳûκһ壡һ޼ʵգǧˣдҡڵطɹ˱˵Ӵеڶ³ô
һеģ
ʱƲ棬Ӷ˫ᣬѾɵϽ˼Ľߡ
ǰһ߲ʵĺ⣬ϵǻ֪֮ķֽߣ⣬ǾͿԻؼˡ
Сģ޼ϲҾ壬ֽ߲ô׹ȥģ治٣ɷػҶץƤëСıƻУСĵȥ
𣡡
𣡡
ǸûϣڶǧиղֳǿʵǺͨһ˷ֽߡ
ǺǣϵĻзһůţ͵͵һ˫ṭγΣԼ˶һ˷ֽ߾ͳ˹ȥ
ɾʱ
һ·ӹէؼնһѺۣУƬƬ衣
ɣһϳˣɵĵһ񷣬֮
һһֻӳӲصסһǽѾĳϸһ׵˿ڣƬѪ˳ա
ɣڻ˻˼䣡ȵ
бѾΪ壬ȥ˼ң
ղӰֻɵ۾ѾԻƽһսƽ屾޵Ĺֻ̥أֺαػǣظ룬ǣҲΪ㣡
Ϊң
ЦҳĽǧˣ㻹û£
һȻ̾ҾĹΪУʵ˵һأ٣ʿ۾еĺ䣡۾Ԥϵƽпܴ˼䣬Ѿ˷ֽ߲޵ȥģ
Ĭˣ
Ǻǿɣ٣۾Լпɱȥ
лˣȻһЦҽ첻ɱȥϵǧˣҪ۾У
ˡˣ
ɵ̾˿Ӣй鴦ٺ۾ϣҵаɣ
˵ţһ轣â
ôһɣԯ֮
⵱ͷЦһſڣһҧס˽⡣

һľУݱʮţҲâһĿӣɵĽâҲҧķ顣
ǻûü˵Ļ;ԼһƬ˸Χˣÿһ˶һŰӿ硣
Ѿ֮Уûκζܵأ
̫飬֮
ɵĵˣͻȻһ㽵ϡ
ϢأһֻնˣһֻҲնˣһֻ޾צ˺飬ؿڱһѪܵ˿ڡ
Զ۾ֻͻȻſһѪ֮УëצƤ࡭һ£
ʬˣ
ɵĵֳѪɷ֮ҲҪ֮أο
ЦУתȥ
ʬϵ䣬׷ҽ˷ֽϡ䣬䣬䣬ֽϵ̷Ĳк촷ֻмСƤѣ˷ֽ˳ȥ׹˼䡣
㲻ҵĵ֣Ҳڰ֮ܵ졭
Ʋɵü¶һĨɻ
̫ˣ̫ܵˣ
£ֵܵӣȻҲܱһʬ壡
ף
ɵĿɨأȻһŽĺӰոͨ˷ֽߣ׹ȥ
һƤ
滹ԼԼˡ˿
ֳһסЩô
Ȼһ㶣ˣܵÿ죬Ϊ󲿷ֵƤϣеˣǴ˷ֽߣ
ǿûôһ·ɱȥ֮ʹ͵ɻ˼Ļᣡ
ϧɿˡ
ٴɭĽâ
û⽣â֣һֻƾ޾Щ˵Լģˣһ·ɣ
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ôʵ
һЩʱ䣡޾ɳƣҪԼұݵԱҸ㡭֮ʱûһ·Ѿˣҵ꣬
ĸΪѾӵʵʵԸղűɱĵȻֻ
ꡭ
ɨһƲ㣬Ȼüͷأ
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޾еõսϢգסҡͷ̾Ȼڤ긮óĻᡣ
ʱ򣬻ᶼһЩ仯Ҳ⡣
ĻѾӻʧˣֻʣһ仰޷ңκΣˣˣ
ƺɨɮ̬ȣһģϲԸ񣬵Ҳòġ
˼֮ɺ޾ȥţ˵۾һսȫʤϽֻʣһ֧ƽ壬Ǹͷ˵Ĺ顣
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ˣ˵⻰ʱ򣬹Ѿ׬Ǯһ¶Ժ־ͽի
ݸһЦīͨԱ͸ȥһţϵҼͯӾð¶Ĺ¶ԺϼһĹ͵ѧһһ㣡
˼ͯӾիһҵѽͯӾװ񣬺ҪҴһʶ
ⲻ˵Сī˻ʺīӢ书ѧô͵ѧ书
û취ҽʴˣ˵ɵǮ࣬ƭ书㡭ȥôҲˣ㶼ʮˣðͯ
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Ϊ˾ݽһ˵£ĺ˵ЩطѾݹʼݹˡ
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ĵʮ죬˷ֽߣս֮ء


396 ϴˣ
ʼղˡ
һǿ˵ҵƭɣ
һԭͬ꣬ĸֻ塪ظرգ޴ȥ˵˷ֽ߸أ
ʱ۾ǶѾȥ֮ĸ̨֮Լʽʼˣһͷ˷ֽߣԵ塣
һ磬ûзӰɾҪ뿪ʱ򡭡
ѾˣٲߣСҶɻ㣡
һŭ۾һ
ѭȥԶһƬŨ֮Уվƶ˴ظ½磬߻һ۵ıӰָŭ
ʲôСضƲ棬Ը֣꣬ȣСһЩŪ״һ֣Ȼ
ڵʿŭУǴظ˼䡭
ӷ𣡡ʿƺŭˣǺ֣һʿʱȻ𣬶ӷ
ôôʳŲأʿˣѾΪԹսΣԵٺ»ˣˣ߰ɣ
һվ
վƶˣΪ
٣˵ԽҶǲǣʿӴӳһǺ֣һʿľȻǷ̵ľ㡣
ˣ
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кһغһϵʿȻŤͷȥ
ϣҵүүʿƺûа취ˣ˼ʲôÿģһգ˼һ꣬޼Ѿ˼ˣĻ˰ɣӣ߰ɣѾǲصˣҲøˣ
ˣҲھԹˣ뿪
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ƺʲôˣҡе죡
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ɣ
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ˣи˵֮ºҡͷԵϴ㻹Ǳˣй¶ۿòɫ˰שæ򣬱˵ʵЩֵ꣬࣬ڵԨѹħͷأ
ԨԾʮ֮һŵһŻ
ŵҡҡͷָʲô
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Ѿ˵ֵزֻܻ˻֣ԣҸʱ䣬ʱޣң
˵˵ֵ꣬м͵ʱˣʱҴһȥ㡭ºһЦˮҲһֱ꣬ڻûأ
ˮҲڣ
ٺٵЦһԼİ˸ɶѾˣȻһ붼Ѿˡ
ºִֺһڣӦȥһ˵Ԩ
ǰԨķʽȤֻºӴһӣͽսȻ̧ͷ˵Ѿ˵Ԩ̫ܸлİ
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ͺãͺáº͵͵˿ŵһŻҪȥٲþҪˡ
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ر
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ΣվͲȥô
٣ޣǡеĶԹֻ˽ᰡ
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ϴһҪȥҰﲻģֻһСˡºӵһлױдҪʱܻ̾ص
֣㲻ǻҪصԨ𣿡
ôˣϴôȵԨҪ
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397 ֱ·
Ȼõٻºӹλ
֮ÿ˶˸Եǰ;ºλʮ֮һ˵ܿųɷ棬ˡ

һƬƲľͷһССͤƽ̨Ҷд̨֡
ݹϵĴ˵⸡̨ϹʱǷ֮ǰϢȴԵĵطѾǧû˷ˣͤʧޣԵúưܡ
ڸ̨棬ԼԼƲУһӲƵĴΡвѺۣǧûпŹˡ
ڸ̨֮䣬һɫӣب֮Уж̾ͱɫĺˮڻ
ΪӵĴڣӸ̨ȥţֻĵԨ
ʱ򣬸֮ԼѾʼܾˣֻͤ棬ʮӰڼҵͤ棬ѹѹפ˰˾޾ӡ
Щԭǻƽģ۾ȻǻԼ¡
۾ǰԼ
ЦЦ׳ԼǾʬ壬󺰵

ͤһ˲ͰˣԶԶؿӰ˵˼ʲôȻһ󣬻ӭ
ܶһͷѳмһֱ̨ͨĴ·
Ц˽ȥ
һο۾ò֪ǵˣǺԵũһһҺˣʵ۾ﲻʱһ˿ȹâģ϶䣬һ
СӶͤĻϣͷݣЦӣЩվӵĸо
۾ͬʱҲڴ
ߣȿڣӦýǽһࣿ
һҪô
ԤϵˣǸ鷳֮϶ͻ
׼ҲͲŲæضĶţ֣ײĴˣһ˵Ҹýʲôˣϴǰɣ
ϣ겻ϵզˣ۾һŴս˼ǲǱΰ˸Ⱦѧϰˣ
٩˼ЦʲôҪ˼ˡصǵĶأԳһأ
ȥô˵Գһô˵Цеطʡ
ҪǴͷӭ㣡ЦҪԳһɡ
ҪԳһɣǲͽһ֮ǰҪһͷ죡
ŵСӣһԵ˵Ȼǣʧ䣬˱ݡһᣬĹ£
˵һֻ֣ڵʱʸûر֮λɣͷҪ㣬ҲҪ㣡
ϣлֵˣ
һܣһɨͤˣʶڣ޾ڣҲڡˣЦеûȥǽһ𹥻ţɹ֮գ߸·òã
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һЦٿؾһ󲽡
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˵껹Ťͷȥؿһɣɱε̾˿˾Ƿծ࣬Ƿ޾ľǮ࡭߹޾ŽҪծҲֻܴӦඣ
޾ɣһվһγɵѹʱɫһ
ܣƶɮ֯
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ˣҪ޾ˮ޾ˮ֣Ҫ۾һ´ۣҲ£
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һͳһսߣũƵЦЦǵĵɷ𣬻δսңǸǿЦ˶٣Ϊأ֣ѱԺ˵ֻҪǹţ
˵ţһСУַˣɹϵͷ
ͷ
뵽֣һΪأǹţ
֣Ҷˣ㲻ĹţɷҲҵɵ˰ɣ̯㻹ʲô
ãȻĿһ£ǾͶ£л˵
Цܽᣬһ粨ʱΡ
ǣղſڳܣʲôأ
Цеʵ
ιţЦҵ˼أֱ˵Ԩһ·ɱȥˣСиͬ˵
һ٣ЦŴҵ˼ǣžǰα·б˫طֱӶסӣһ·ɱžǣ
˵Ĳסӣ̤ȥǿ·ǡ΢Цǧû߹·˭֪ʲôΣգΪأǻϤĵԨɣ
ûӣҿԵߣ

Цеһţԭڽ·Ϸ˳ͻƾʵ߽ݾ۾ס
һ£·
һĿһһץס٣ҵ޵壬һǳûţҵЩȥꡣ
۾Ƿֱ·Լһ·лºˣ
뵽ЦеһͱļĶţ֣Ȼ̸£Ǿͷֱ·ˣٴһӣǴһߵԨ·лżϣ
ϣϵܣԽԽ˳ۣ˼أ
ٺЦǷֱ˭ߣ˭ߣ
Цݺܹ죬ƺ˼ôҲ֪֣һ·ɣ
ٺ٣Цһ
֣ٵĶԹǴҶ֪һ·ûսȴЦˣһ·ץΣץٵĸӣץǵģߵԨ
ɣ
̾˿ҪϮ٣ֻˡ
Ըܻŵִţ
ܿץεĹߣΧһǩ޾ǵһģҺһ·
ɵڶ֮ɨۣüҲһ·
ǩ٣
٣
Ҳ٣
ʮ˳ǩϣһ׵ĽȻû˳鵽۾Ҳ˵˶һ·ֻһ׷۾
ҪһΣҲЩˡ
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бѡ
׵ٴŴˣʮǿߣ˾ƺƵƺ
۾һ棬ˣ㿴ңҿ㡭е㷢ɵ
ɣ
εһǣˣ߰ɣ¸̨ʧããƺ֮С
ĺ棬ε۾ղŻδǩյ۾ͻȻһЦ
ֶΣʮֵע£㻹ףһ·
ǺһЦüëһʲôģش绹ûʱҾͻͷݶĳһǧˡåӵĳƺţǰ׽еô
ӹƺҪ˵ЩЦĻɾʱ
۾ֻ
Ʋ·ͻȻһ˵Ӱۣڳףһǹĳҿߣɱ⣡
ȻסΣˣյĺݣյꡪ


398 ı꣨1
֣һ˾
ٺٵЦ⼸λ۾Ҳܷɡ
Թ̾˿
ץεһ˾Լһ˺۾·Σգӣ϶ԼһȥûǸ۾·ȷģ
˿̺ݳ֣֪ԼһսˡﲢǿҲֻһ꣬Ҳӵһ꣬ƣ
λ֣ˣεŶͷû˸Ѿǳ׵ĺݣ꣬
ꣿ
üͷкѽѽɾͲöԸˣС֣
Լ
ͳһʱ˾۾ӦԼڻңȥ̽ݵʵŶ԰ôǺ֣
Ҷٴӵ佫ҸҶôƦåƵغ㲻㷸ңȣ
طȣȫִ飬ͥ˼䣬ɱ㣬ĳأ
ݵͷһЦЧ񺺣ΪǺͳ
˵ΪʲôЧ֪˼İ֪
ȻˣǾһսˣЩʹĶͷϴߣˣ
СϴȾأ
ŵعһЦһ֣λ۾ƹݣȥ붯֣붼ûؾ͸˺档
ֻɳȥף
ۡ
ѪӱŤͷһֻѾǹϣĳǹ˹ȥȻûɱٷϵһս

꣺
꣡
ִߣֻصػߡԲٲ֮ڣȫΪĹΧƾƶ򣬲֮򣬱

ܿͿˣԼƶһ׹κͼˣضײǹ⣬Ӳһб㱻ϵ
ʧˣɫ˱䣬СأȥСҪζס
ôǵ룬Ͱˣ
ǿҲԳһ˿Ĳ㣬˵һʽĻǰȥӪȺ
֣ǲȥæ𣿡
Сʵݺ˵飬˿۾ҪǱɱܣҲ֮صġ
ûʱˡʹĵر۾۾֮УĹϵãԶһ˼µȺӣһ·ӵ۷壬һͳݣӢͬ˼άģʽǳΪ֮
ûʱˣ
ʲôûʱˣԾֻԼ֮ϣûжʱް
˵ûʱˣûʱˣϻʲô
ԵЩʧˣһץסֱۣкССܣߣ
˵ţͷң˳ʼ׶·ȥ
Լ䣬ƺǰˡ
ֻһС·ƲͻȻû谵ˣһƫƫϺɫ۹ݵľ׽٣Ʋб޿ɱܣ׺˸ʵʵ۾عͷɢһƬƤʹӲûܵһ˺
ֱ·лҲкô
һ˾ס֮һôǡ
죬ٱӣ޴޾ȷ棬ѾҪ嵽ˣ
ϳһƣǰȥ֧Ԯӷߣ
һ٣Ȼð֮գӣǳױµˣ
ƲţӰӵķ򣬶۾ƣҲͻȻ½һ룬תȥ˸ߴӣ
һ·ĹƣŴѹŲò֧Ԯ
һӣѹС˼ʮ
Сһѽһ٣͸˾󲿷ֵ
۾̾УͷҲĹѫ
ף
֮Ļ۵֣ղŵĳǩףǹһ·
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ץֱۣ̫ˣ߰ɣ
ĸٴμ׹ѵ֣ǵʲô˼ҪôƭҺһ·ʲô
Ҫţ֮ǰǱȳͷ
ûдͷû˿ԻţҾ֮ҲûܷڣΪµף
ͷ˭
Ȼ
˵Ԩ֪ˣ

Ԩ
ϽѾƲˣǴƬغͻҰ
һ޼ʵĴУһϵѷһֱ뵽ɼ׵ĵλ۾ѹֻ֮ʮӣɱѷϿա
ӷǿӡ
ȣסѷ죡
ºӣٽӡ
ѷдһϵסڽ󺰣Ҽӿٶȣ⵽ķӡҲ֮ħͷҪˣ
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ҿ챣ºӣ
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һЦ
֣ôʮеĿڣһйºӵӡͷͷε۹⣬һ۾Ϳ˹ºʵãרһ㣡ȻͷֻҪϣһӣͿԽȳͷ
ͷ棿
еĲ۾ĳͷλ
ڲǷʱ˵
ץסļ۾գͷ󷴿ţݻٵظɱ㣬ձʮӡڴˣ֮գͷʬ飬Ҳֳ֣ȳͷֺһסûУ
һסˣ
˵ͷһ£ͷʬ֮Ȼб·ţҪʮѹʷϱʬǿߣƺֻС
۾ԭʷϵӢһ֮⣬ججͷɱ֮ʱǲŵԾѣӴԺǾ׷ڴͷ£죬ţΪһս
һߴٵʱȣǲ˶꣬˶ˣŻһδΧţԨĻᡭҪʧһȳͷͷε֪ģ
ʷǸݺ˻ĵӰбȳͷִܵţҵٺʵƺôˣ
մͷ걻ʬ飬ɣ˫ȣӡڵԨͷ­˫֣⣡
սȭͷ֣ѾҵˣֻҪǽֻ͵Ԩڴͷǰ֮֮ǿҲûͷ
۽£ԽԽѷ죬ʹͽȥôôȥ
Ѿﲼ˰壬ҿ
һЦ󺰵ӥѹ飬ǿţ
أѷֱ࣬ɳӰӥѹң˾ƿһѷƵԽԽ


399 ı꣨2
ɣ
˵ѹһֱûӰ֮ԼҲûμӣԭѾˣ
ӥͻȻˣҶһսӥͷǷȥͷӣ˴ͷô
ɲǰ꣬оƾ꣬пںƽʱڣ͵͵ȻֻȿսԨһͻȻϮ
գۼ䣬ѷʮ˷룡
ߣȳ˽ȥǸղŵĶΣ۾ΣһΣѹ飬ӥ˶ǰм䡣
磬òˣ
ӥһ΢Цֵܣܲսˣ
ѹҲŤͷǵһְɣ
ûѹ飬յӥߣ˵˴ͷ֮ȥɱ٣
˵ӥԥشӦ
һԵѹ仰ɵʧЦ㻹ȥ٣֪Ӫȴͷô
ϣ˼
һݣѵ黹б仯
ϧʱ䲻ϸѯʵĻˣԨǰͻȻһŭȣ㾹ҴϮţǴô

һλ׷ԲԵסȥ·ֳֹȣͷңŭһȺߡ
Ԥ֮У̫ڳˣ
ٺһЦкСܣɵӦ
΢΢һЦٸˣ
㻹ңŭڣȣֻظ·㲻ִ⿹죬ض֮أ
죿
Цٸ첻ңܿ죿һսҷһɵĿܣΪǽأսֹҵٸʮ֮ףµĽ죬ķ񣬹λĹλֻңجج֮⣡
ԹΪʲôҿţΪʲô췥һͷŶ򿪣ٸ죬Ҳ÷ô
նն
̫㴷أɵӣŲΪ򿪣ͲΪʲô𣿡
ˣ˼ǧ꣬벻κɣ췣ҴôһͳݣҴôܰ˰ʢҴôһָ̫ûдңΪʲôΪҴ򿪣
й¶㣬ŵķͻᴫȥȻ󣬾ͻ̫̫˼֮û׿ˡ
̫εس̾һˣһҪٸô
ˢأ
гһʵĳٸҵӽҼ˰¹գӽֽϵĵˣ
̫Ĭص˵ͷ
ߣ
䣬һкƹ̫ɽ
һ˲䣬ͻȻһֲҵζ
һ·ɱǹ̴Ȼ˴˵أҲٸһս
۾Ҳװ
䣬˼ʮ߹ͷȴ⣬죬дô
бʣһͳݣҫǧ֮ѫ˭֮ĥҲ⡭

к
ǰ·
ǻĲԣǷǧݣΪʷĹף˭ܱȣǰŤתǬʷֻһ֮䣬ȴͳͳ⣡һȺɱЦĹ»Ұ
ţ۾
˭˭
˭˭
ȻѪڣѹôӦ۾ĺ٣ϧ죬ҲҪţ׷۾ƺҲһѡ
ҡҡͷϽ뷨ˤԺԼֻҪɱ٣Ұ޵ҵЩʧɢ꣡
һ·ƽӳˣ
ӷˣ
ֻʣӥѹһΪ˲ôͷʮֻܳ߸άַӡѹ飬֪ȴͷķӣһҪžȳͷ
⻰ѹĬƬ̣Ц۾ģһȳͷ
˵תͷǰѾһֲ·ڣ·ֲ棡
ǰǷӡ֮ˣͷʬ飬ܹӡѹԸӥߵ·Ƿӡͷֵĵط
ѹߵ·ӡŴͷ֣
һߵһ·ӡǴͷġͷ­
һ£
ղһɱѪڣ˿侲žʲô֣Ӫȴͷİ취ǽʧ꣬Ԩôǵˣꡭֿտյͷͷ­˫֣
ȥ֪ˣ
ӥӳĻᣬѹ鳤һɨͽ˴˸Ե·ڡ
һУǶλһ£һУͽ˴ķзٵǰ
һУѹ߽Լ·ڡ
һ룬˭ػͷأ
ǰһӰңأδ䣬ѹĳѾ̳ȵ˭ͷˣ

ˣ
һ𣬴˵Ԩ⼸ӡĵص㡣
бҪϸ˵һԨĽṹˣԨܹ֣ÿһֶһܶ
һܶվʮ֮һξӣ
ξӵע£һȵĺǣʮεסǴͷʬ֮ģȣ
űϮԨķ֮棬һҲ˳һΡɽӰξضӡ
ƾ㣬Ҳҵ·Ц
㻹յİξһٸҲסһꪣξӴЦϧѾʬ飬Ҳֳ֡Ǻǣֻ֮һİսѾͬһˣ㹻ˣ
Ӱһ˲ɱһ
ܶ
⻹ֱܶӡŴͷɣȡ
ʱɣȣҲֱû֮һĴͷӰѾ˸Եػߣ׷ɱºһˡ
ѨӡŴͷͷ­ֻ֣֡кǣûꡭѾʧˣҪģǽͻһĴͷ
ˣ
ѹĴȣֻߵľɫڷٵصˡͣʱѾһ֮ܶС
ӡŴͷͷ­
ֻѨ룬ʮ˩һͷͷĹ󣬻һ߾겻ٵĺɫͷ
ɣ
˳ȻǴͷԴˣԴһѾʧ䣬ԼԴʲôã
ˣ
ڰţһε
ŤͷһһλϵĲмˣʮֻһмˣԾָָԼؿڣڸ˵
㣬Ҳ㣡ƶΣ㻹֪ôı꣬ʧһ꣬ͷ­


400 ı꣨3
ɣ
ˣΪʲôϧ۾ҲҪӥѹͽԼͷ­ӥ֣ѹ飬֣
Լ˽ټϱͷӡɣȣȣһİ꣬ó
ؼǡ
ų⸴𣬿Ҫǹ׳Լı꣬Լʲô³ǵʵ
֣Ŵ򣡡Цеʵһ°ɣҲɵϣȸң𸴻Լʲô³
ıͷ­ȻΪһ֣ʱ̬Զ
ǲڱˣҡͷ֣ҸºӵĹϵҲҰɣ˵ô
˵ţ̹Ȼʵ˵Ȼ۾ҲĽûȤɱ˵ꡭֻţģ뿪ȥţҲйκ飡
̫ˣ
ʻ˹
ˣЦе㿴Ҳûж֣Ҳûиһж
ֻҡͷ̫ˣӡ֮أѾ˷ӡʱͷ­ѾȲλˣ
ͷ­
Ťͷȥһ۷ӡ֮еǿͷ
һҪֻͷͫףǿףͣף϶һĨϺɫĹâͬ߸УҪսȥ
ǰε֮ǿ˿ֻ̾һͷҲԵֿ
һϺɫĹâͷͷ˹ȥ
Ŭؿܣǰһͷ
Ҫǣһһĺ󱳾˹
֪Ǳ۾ƭģΪֹ𸴻̾˿Ҳֻɱ㣬ȻڴˣԲסˣҪܳȥͻпܸ
ɣ
ǰأоòսˣ
Ҫȥţͱͷ­
ҧҧһĲɫһףǰԼϺɫԼֹ˫ĳ֣βߣľʣɱľ



һ֮ͻȻյģûԸ
֣Ȼ󺰵֣ȥˣ
𣬾Ȼˣ
ȣһæȣվһߣۡһ죬ؿ档
ѪɵлڴڸʲôȣĻôҲˣ
أ
ȵͺ񱻶סˣðŻعŭˣͨƵʱ򣬰סҵͣˣ
ˣ
ӵų򰡣ʲô
˸õԤСһӶûж¹սѣһԸǵһŵɣֲȥӪ˰ɣ

̨档
ӿ˶Ժݵսڼ
ɽѾˣ򱻴̴֮ҼҲǹ˴˾ʣ˿ŤŤعһƬƲϣ࣬٣˵սܷ⡣
ԵȻֱݣʮشץһֻ۵ӡ
棬ݵĵ۱ץһ飬⣬Ͼ˺ۣʼʱ£ҪٴôֻҪǿ־ܣǵݺΪУϽҲɱǣ
Ͷ
һЦѪأ¹𣬱ûͶ֣̾䷨֮󣬴ظֻһǰ֮ʿûų򣡡
أѡ
մصս裬һٴγںǰ˫ĳЦԽҿս󣬿ɷҵͷ֮⣡
οأһ̧̾ǹ
οࣿЦΪҲ˰Ѫأ¹֣׹ѪŶһͳݣѫǧŲĥҵȾ֮£̸ЦƵУ̤ʮǣΤңǵͷȫ˹»ҰΪβǿţǹѫʵǿҲҪԼͷ֮⣬һ⹷ţҪرյʲôʱ򣡡
͡
ŭУһץ˵۵һֻӣݵĵ䣬ֻʣһɫס
һڤ粻֮ˣˣˡһ̾ǹĺϣ䳾
֮ǹٴһĿڡ
ʮش㲻ˡ
ʱһֻץסǹˣѪɫӳɽӣɱ𣡡һŭ⣬ݵʳǹڻȻ˳ûץ˵ƶ˵һࡣ
𣿡
ݲ̵ҡҡͷ֪أֺα
ɨҴӦһˣһػؽɽ˰Ѫصʼʱ£
Ϊһŵãҳȫ㣡
Ȼ֣еĳǹѾڻİ߲һһ˳Gǹ˫ɳ֮ϣǹݺᣬʱ˲ɱĽǸǿ
Ӣ۾ĳ·ң

֮ܶС
Ķˣǰͷʱ𻹲ˣ
ֻʣһȣǼȵڴ˶֣עƻĵܷ֮ӳûаʲô˶֣
һؿڣͷĿѣͣͷϺɫٴһӾͰͷߡ
ǰɣ
ͷҧס֣;Լ꽫Ҫע뵽ͷ档
ڴˣͷλһɱ˹͵ץס֡
һãһһϾ˺꣡
ɣ
ˣȥƶɮˣ
ҧҧȣյҿڴ
ǹºһҳ͵ߡſһŻ̽ٻ
磬磬׷Ұ
𱻷ӡܹ꣬飬鶼ӣڷ׷ɱºӡ
һ˵ܲӪԼǰ˹ºһѣ
һУº¶ΣظµϴǼʱٻˣһ׷ɱҰһҿɾͼˡţϴզˣ
ſͷҧסץסҪʬˣ
磬ץʲôºҪȰܡ
ֵģ֪֪ܲ࣬ͷ
ºӣңɫı꣬ͷ­ɱ꣬ȻҪûԼͷ­ˣ
Ϲţǰң֮ʵ
ºƲƲ졭
һӵԥûУһŵĴľ㣬ͷһٺңͷɿڵʱžǺݺݵһ¡ˣºӿȾܡ

꣡
꣡
һµС棬סشŴղʵ̫ΣˣºһҪ˸˺ˡ
뿪ܶһӣͷƺҪܶæѹŸߵĻᡣ
ɣϢ߷ߵĲǺö۾Ҫ𣬰ƶɮʲôʮҲ̵Ĳ𸴻Ҫƶɮ
ϴ󣬱Թˣ˭ıꡭ
º̾˿˵ЩˣΣջûнϴ󣬱֮ǰۿģ𱻷ӡ꣬Ѿȫ˷ӡںһˣ
ĥںһζʲôԨͻȻһҵĻζ
ţ˿Ц˲ҽУ˴
ˣ
ºӲȻڲںˡղǴغﴫģϴӥѹ鶼Ѿ͵Ѿһ֡Ͳͷˣ
ЦЦƿ޷ǿޣ
ϴɵºӴߴٵʬ飬Ѿ飬ٱõͷϴˣ븴һ㣬ʮ߲𸴻Ҳһɱ㣬˵ԨĹؼˣ
ʵ˵ҲеĻˣ
һһʮߣ׷ɱ˭ܲŰ
ɹºӽرԹһ֮ͻȻ죬ϴĿǰˣɡ
˵ʲôü
ҵһ취ðһԡҪ㣬Ϊʲôܳû˵źٺһЦ꣬Ȥô
ɣ
˷ܵץס˹ºӵļ
ϴ󣬱𼤶𼤶ȥºλЦʵɣϴԴӳΪʮߵһҾٰ㲼ˡһģ

꣺ǣ
꣡
һı㣬˳ᢣʤǧ֮⣬һַߵ̣ʹΪǶĴڣ
ΪȺȴԲĲ䣬һȼ
仯дٴα

֣ˣһҵĵȼºӵԣ۾һһҾˣ꾭ҲھŲ㣬ɵھˣ
ҵĵԨϲս࣬²㣬ȴ˳һ·СܡĿ꣬


401 ʤߡѹ飡
δ𣬵δ𣬵δ
ǵԨµĵһҽҽнʵģҲĸ¡
ͨҽ֮ǰһƬĵѲ㣬ˮͷڲϵصŲ֪Һ塣
һ·Ӿûͣ¹һֱ룬ºӾʲô취ոأ
ºλ֮ķҲܿͷ˲Եĵط
һ£
ƶɮҪһ½顭
һʼƶɮֻ۾Ķ飬ȥšţûд
Ȼ۾ֱ·ƭƶɮ˵Ԩյ׽ҿԭ븴𣬶Ĺؼƶɮӥѹ飡Ϊʧ꣡
Ҳû⣡
ӥѾںˣѹҲںˣƶɮΪ˸ؼһ㡭
ʱ򣡹º˵Ͳˣа취շ𡭡ɲɵأǡðˡ꾭أյھ꣡
֣
ˣЦһУʮߵԤ֮аɣ
ɶºװɵһ۵С۵Ϸ
װˣ꣬ǣҸǻ۵ԼˣЦΪҵ꣬ǿҵʵɻһǶȿǡ
һһ٣ҵô
ϴ󡭡
װɵЦеϵ۾ˣһУϷǹ۾ģǴ˫ֺͷ
ǵļƻǣںֺ֮󣬾棬ꡭһȫ꣬ͶӡҵʮߣҲ͹ԲϢˣǲǣ
ºӲ޳
ϴզôˣ޵֪һλǻ۵ˣ
ðɣҳϣ
ЦѾʮ߷ӡǧ꣬ʮ߶ˣҲԽԽǿǰȥ
˸취һݵİ취
ƾ۾չ۾չһ̶ȵʱ򣬾ͻꡭһ꣬ȫۼڵԨʱ棬һٽ꣬ӡ
Ȼ󡭡ºӺٺһЦطӡˣʮҲͥ񣬶Էˣ
ƻЦһ䡣
ȻˣһУʮߵĲ֣յһ֪꣬ǼƣҲòȥˣ
ϹţǵļƻˣոɲסЦЦ˵ɣôշ𣿡
ƾ
Ѿ˵µºӴˮаһˮײġ
ˮײŵģ꣬ˮ
ϴ󣬽ˮڤ긮棬𣬾
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һҲͻȻ֮ˣºӰºӣʮߣ˲ĳ͵ˣ

ˮţջڤ긮ɵ˵Ԩϲ㡣
ʱսѾеҵʱ
һƬĵƽ̨֮ϣʮеľλһſŭŶĵ۾ǡ
䣬˶˺ۣ֪ʲôʱҲˣŻĺҧţ
λ۾ϣЦ⣡
ΪǱվһ˻ĵս񣬺ɫףɫĳꪣԵۿһԶ¶ƺ㣡
ֻһùǼܣ
壬ǧֻ꣬ʣ˹Ǽܣ
ͷҵҲ
Цôɣ˫ȣ˫֣⼸ѾλͷʵҲָ߳˰ɣ
ɣ
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˵ŷԸȥˣɱ
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ˣ
ѶֻЦЦǣѾԼʲôˣһѪɫӳɽӣҲһꡣ
Ȼˣôɣ
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ƲƲ죬硣
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һ棬Ⱥ͹ºվڤ긮ĴſڣżϣĴֻһ϶
ʲô
طԸ
Цش֣Ѿںӥѹǰɣأ
磬
ӥӣϣЦһұ۾ƭˣҾȻ֣񡭡ѾΪһ꣬Զˣ
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ô
ٳٲԼںϣһڤ긮ʱ
ˣˣվֶͷ£ΪʲôһҪҹȥأ֣Լ𣿡
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ЦˣȻƣɾһɵӣһӾ֪ڤ긮Ĵŷ϶йŹ֣
йŹΣ꼸ʮؾҲƸ۾ʹ˹ȥô
ЦһΪҵһְɣ
Ϊһ֣ͷ⵹Ǹܲ⡭˺̰ĵģҪȻΪҵһְɣ
һ˲䣬ǵЦʧˣһͬѵɱӿ
֣Ҽŭˣɱң
ٺһЦɱ֮ǰҪ׼Ŷ֣ȣţ
֨
ڤ긮Ĵƿ¶Ĺײġ
ݼɱʱˣ
֣˹ȣһԲܾĽ飬һʽװɣΪҵ꣬޾٣Ҳҵ밮˳أֱģʯã
˵üëһҵܺŶнˮߣݼ٣ְȥΣҪǸˣһܷż죬綼ûŶ
Ĭ
õĳĬ
ƺޱ޼ʵĳĬ
ʱ䲻֪ȥ˶ãԵļžУһĴЦҾ㣬ңҺͷֱ˴ˣ꣬ˣ

һжˣغһ˳
һҲ޹ˣУʮֽ۾ãΪ׵Ѻȥţʣ¼˱͵عѺսֹʮ߳˹ºӣһſǷлѹǧħͷ񱻷ӡҲԲڼˣ
ǣǿԷţŻΪǴ򿪣
µʵ
ŻῪǶѾ˷̫ЦЦСѣٱţԸ֮һս
٣û˵ǣڻа˾ʮǿ
ҡͷ
СѣҪ˵Цˣô̫ǺһЦ˵Գûģ
ô
Цˡ

꣺ԣ
ֻأ緲꣡
֮㲻𣻰֮ꪣƣ֮⣬Ťתվ۷ǿ֮һԵ꣬Ҳֻһ֣֮ܽ
仯Ȥݼô

Ҳֻһ֣ʤһ
Ĭ仰ЦЦ֮£Īһ֣Ȼǰһ桭ЦЦ֮УȻô
˵ţڤ긮Ц֣ƾȥɵ٣ûˣҿɲΪɱһֵܣһֵܣ
ڻ긮֮ڣԶ˳ۣӥ˳
ͬʱҲ˻Ϊһͨꡪ¡
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磡ӥЩж
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ֵ֮飬ԶϰһۣⱾ޿ɺǵ飬һת۲ŷ֡ٵĲһֶֻֻ֣ûˣ
أѹأ
ʣĿɨʮߡ
ʮҲɫԱ䣬ѰһеİֲˣĺǣȻҲˣ

֮⣬֮С
࣬࣬ࡣ
ѹںˮشЦʴһеĺˮȫЦ⣬˿ţ벻⡣
۾ǵɵôһԸسΪһָ֣ųЦѹ飬ѹ飬ۣҶʮ꣬ҴµĲṦȳѷɫ
ѹûȤڶûȤȽϣǧ£һ޶ĺۣ
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ΪһƬ֮УµĴѰ꣬Լ͵֮ڣ
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һˣһùǼܣίʵ죬ѹŵЦº֮ꪣ㹻ôλһ壬£ҽںϰ֮Ҳ֮壬ҽλһ壬䲻壡
Ʋɫ䣡
꣬䲻
һлָƽѹվƲߣţӣڵȿѹ飬Ҵţƾ䲻壬ҷ磬˭ܵУ
ȥţ
ѹϵƣͻȻȻ޴棬˿ƲʶºܵõͱѾˣ˵ˣСģСģСġһͷڹɣ̵סӮ£Ҫģʤߡ
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֮
ѹ̧ͷһãһͷڹʱ£ͻȻһ
ѹֵ̫ãܻᱬȥʮ踺أȻðһ˿ģǰѾӵ˲壬þʲô𣿰ʧȥ˫֣ҲǰΪǣ۾Ѿ˽֮ǲֵһᡭһҪʲôһҪʲô
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ѹվȻٻŰɡôߣƻǰˣ

ѹˣ
üͷһ壬૵ִ˰ı壬ʵ֪ǿʲôز漴ЦЦйϵͷʹӦǰϽɣ
һкǣСӥȥţ٣
Ԩһͨ
ڣ֮⣡
ɱλ̺ӥһ𣬰޴
Ŀ֮ܿ죬Ϳ˴룬һ㽲̨ϣ緢٣


402 ˭ȫ˭
ٺˬ
⣡
ٺɣ
عԼȥľٶЩš
СʱչֳԶʤͬ˵츳˵ȱ磬书Ҳȱ˸ߣɾһ꣬һ죡
ؼģһòƵĺӣ˵磡
ô
ٿûϣôһĮСһܶҡԼĵλôʵҲˣȻֳһǧ츳̫ˣ̫Сˣܳһˣ
ٲ׵ǣһųĸΪʲôҪСģҪأ
ܾúܾԺٲ֪Ǵҹɱģ
֮У޾һ书ߵֻܴؿıӰССа·
а·˼ǣǱ˹㣬ҵǸԿ챾ˮ
ԣ鿴Ǹ
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ٻصҵѭűָ˱񣬳Ϊ۾ǿ֡û⣬һսҲںϣһɣ

̫Զˣ
ջ˼ص֮һУ
ССųܣѪûκοܼ̳ңƫƫȴȷΪһ̳ˣ
ٻǵãΪ˼̳ˣһʮ䷿ӣɱ˶ʮˣ
Ϊʲôһų򣬾ٵͷϣ
˵ʵٶ̫͹ˣųֻΣıԣǸҹɱĹ
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ʼʼչأʼֹشݲԼ֪ԼĲ̫ҪԼ̳ȨĻ쵰ﵽԼͱӵиǿ
һոһգһ긴һ꣬ٳɹˣ
дһгĴ֡
ȻҲûлͷȥһۣ
ʲôÿأһѾԼڽµ϶ѣҪ̨Ķ֣
ȥǧڣȥ˱֮أȻصң䣬䣬䡭һĶֱﵽˣ˫صԣٳΪڲ޾Ĵڣ
޾ҪƴҲ
Ȼ󡭡
Ȼʲô
ͻȻԼˣʵǿˣûжˣĴҲû塭
ֱһ죬ԪȰ˵ҵǿĶôǾȥŰɣȥ֮Լɣ

ɱ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ߴĺڰ˾޵ĳɱ£޾ɷǵĽɱ£Ѿҡҡ׹
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ҡҡ׹ţͻȻٿˣ
ȻףԪΪʲôһҪȰԼţԼл
ûԪһٻݻţֱɷͥĻô
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