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ݼ飺
ɴ½ɴ˵ÿ־ɵꡣ޵ķΪһЦɣ¶̤֮·ңҲţҲǷϲҺͨǴҶ֪ǹΰɾ


һ ɴ½



޼ҴҲҪ̫ԵˣƬɽǴı֮ǾȻųһھЧƷʿǣ
һ뷢԰׵߶µĺ룬ߵĺһǧ׳Ͻзŭ֮ɫȴûгһеԲ桢ͷ֮ũߡ
Ƕ棬һĸߴ׳һԼĺ룬ЦΣ˭һƷʿһƷӵܶûУǿشˣҲվءȰǻǹԹԵ֪Ȥһ㣬㲻ɽԣֲǻȥ
һյĵطʱҲûʲôɽҲలµģΪ޼ҴһƷʿ޼Ҵ׳ʵԽԭԱ뺷ķҴ壬Ǵ򲻹ģҪóƬ汲Եɽ֣ҴҲڻȥҪôܹȥ
ڷʲôˣȺͶԷһ˵ʱǵصĺ⣬Զһ۵Ӻд˹
峤ǲҪȺһˣ˵ѧԺԺԺҪȥѧԺ
ڶŵ˫֮䣬ĺɢһʿﻹһʮСӣСӴġ
ѧԺԺԺ꣡ӹ棬سɴ̵ģ֮СѧԺˣ飬ҵ飡
һʿ˵òһ³ģȻȴϸϸġⱾǻ˾²ȻޱӴѹ֮£ûܹЦó
һ˲䣬˵ݡڶû˸ðѧԺԺ
ԺǲҪٵƬԣԺֻзҴܽƬӣСӻԼĸ첲ĺ
еԺתһͷС滵
ԺˣɲǷҴģչأǲֵܲġǿǳ˺̨һھЧƷʿ۷ľƷʿǼֱǾϵҲֻץסһ˵¡
ԺͲܰȫôС̧ͷĿʿ
ʿһԼĺӣȻЩΪѵĵȷʵܶЩƽ֣ǹءأܹΪڵʿܹǴӰƬɽġ
𣿡Сӵ۾µµתתȻߺ
ڱˣҴѧԺ֮Ҫǳ˳ʿôƬɽ־ǷҴģҳɲˣɽ־ǵģ˵ô
أĵĺ
ǻСѧҵгɣӵ˶ߣ
סˡСǻ͸ˣһӵĻˮ
Сӵв֮£òͬһ㡪ҲСѧԺ˶֮
峤İɣҷһܹΪֻȻΪǴƬӣһԼȭͷǰеķţһοƵƵĵͷ
Сʧȥ˸ĸĹ¶ܹõԵǡ첻֮·


1 
ߵһƳӶĵƽԾ֮ѧԺԡһƬ֮УΪĻʼԺһ̣ѾʼչֳǿĻ
ھѧԺǧ֮ңı棬ޱߵɽУһ֪Сɽȣһ꣬ںǰһơ
չֳķǿҲͼľڵķȻȫâҫտɫˮϵԪɫĻϵԪɫĽϵԪɫľϵԪȻɫϵԪΧŵĻзϵϵԼص˫ϵԪ
һ֮չֳԪⲻ漣漣е漣
ڻȫ֮⣬Ա߻վźüµŮһԲȴһ֮Ůķ̾Ǿ޵ŷһ֮չ־Ԫ˷֮⣬˭
Աһһư¶˲мı飺ôʽѡҳ֣ҼҴġϽնľֻûκ⡣
ԱߵŮݺݵĶһۣ겻˵ˣŮٴ¶˽ĵЦ⣬˵Ͱȵ俪ƣǱضܹһصʹȨһΪǱضܹ쳯һа취֪ͻľ磬ﵽɫľģ
Ļڻŷ귽ϵɫʼøӵļͼľѾͣ˿ˣܸһٺľ֮壬Ҳκεǰ;κʱ齨СһͬѰҴ˵еĸأҲΪĻᣬһҪס
Ҳܾ뿪ҴӦҴ常ϵĻû
оڵķʼʱ򣬷˫ſͬʱۻҵķŮֿʼ̾Ư㿴ȻֻһͼľʿҪ𣬿󷨾ٶôţúܺð
⣬ھͣʱ䣡ҲŶãһʱѣһֱ޷ͻƣȻϸŸͶ룡ưһ䡣
ԲŮ΢΢ЦЦûлػ
һòͨŮҪһ㣬˵⸽иϲѧԱʿʿ׷þöûץء
ҶˣǸһֻпܶԵͽѧԱֵģȺʵȫѹõˡЦŻش
ǻʱ򣬷Ѿϡ
еķȫɵʱ򣬷ԼȫһһľڵȫԪͼĲͬϵķͬʱХȺǰͬˮһ㲻ϲŵĽ棡
ԼӽŵĿһĻƲǷǳǿȻȴޱȵľֻͬʱͬľϵпܴ򿪡һʼչֳģһʼаʧСеһ֡
ŵ˸ŲͬâķȺĺǴƵʱںϲУˮһ㵴ŵĽɫʼԽԽ𲽵ʧ
ɹˣ
ͬʱϲĽгҲһ׼Цÿͨʱ򣬼ͿҪʧĽͻȻ⻪ʢڷûзӦʱ򣬾Ѿ˶棡
ô£һ㶣Ŵһ°Լǲˮ⣬ȴԼȫˮ⡪ģɲһʿܹɵĴͨ
źȫûгԾı飬ʼáԼƺϵˡ
˼أ֮ǰƺ˵һ仰ǲƣЦȻ˵
ʧ֮ǰɾǸ𣿡룬Ȼ󿪿˵
Ǵ½ڴţȷʵЦҪþϵͬʱ֮⣬ǸѾʧһˣ˶˵ҪԡҲֻˡ
ǰңҿԶһĵطʩȻһͷҰΪƷΪʲôҪôңƽʡ
ΪʲôЦԱߵЦƾʲôļܹǷأֻǣʸӵһأ齨һǿɣȻһͬɽ磡
ЦǵģÿӵиصɣһȺ춯صֻΪǵԼˡ
˵۾ЦðɣʵҲģԶһЩĻҲ򲻿ء
˵λһ𷢳һЦòͨŮҶ˷һۣͬתͺһнԶŷˮ⣬Ҳһ˸֮󣬳׵ʧ֮䡣
ˮľɫȫʧ֮󣬷ЩĿģľɫͷƺĿռ￪ʼ̾һ
Ҫ治İӦǲǰ
磬ѾˣӵԽɴ½ʱΪԼǱ׼ģ塪ԽǴԽһ꺱ľ޵ϣ˳£ڷҴһ֮ѧԺԺ֣ѧԺڲ֤ȷʵ꺱ľ֮壬ѧ֮һļ¼
һ޸ƽ춥壬ֻһڵʱ䣬ܹͬʱľˮ硢ס໥Ĵ̼ٽ֮£ٶȣȷɴ½׿ԽŶҪϾű
һ£ʹӺͻƵ죬Ժļ㣬ٶȥпڶ̶̰֮ͻƵɴ½۷ľƷϣȻΪɽţ
Ǹʱķ緢ѧԺȺһԺָԴȹȻͻ֮󣬵һʼתΪ֮֮Ľȴͣͣ
ͻƵ֮ǳΪһʿ׶αΪҪģǴԼĵܹɸԪԽĽ׶νгȻѧԺ˶ĵرԺͬʱ֣ĵȴʼ޷򿪣
ӽʱ䣬֪ķ˶ĵرͣھͬڵѧԱѾԶԶ˦ֻţΪЦ
굽֮뿪ѧԺΪһޱȿصĶԼ
ΪһⱦĺҵһͬȥƣѰҸصʱ򣬷ˣȻȴΪжĥ֮ɱͷ¿
ôҲܷ
վһأǾǾأҲҪֵ󡪡½ֻΪ˻ȥ
ԽԽ󣬷̧ͷͷǸĿռ䣬һŻԼͷȻԼ
ȫ֣಻ϵˮĳ֣һһˮȥͻһ𣬵ʱˮ˫Ρ
һӸղŵĽӴĽƹƺҲǺܴ󣬷ֻǾˮ׼ȴܹ˵ķ֧һʱ䡣
⡢⡢ˮС׻˾ֲͬķҲÿַòǿֵֵŴ֮󣬷Ҳߵĸо
εĿƽͷ֪ʲôʱһֻܹס壬϶һƾͻġ
ڷһƵʱԲֻвһɴСĿռ䣬ͻȻ
һ㶣ʱѾûκεܽᷢʲô飬޷ֵֻֵ֮ĵ


2 
Ȼ֮ȴûе
ڷĵȴһյʱ֮ռͻȻ˸ҫ۵ĹâڷͷҲǸղŲϷϵĵطͻأȥһǿ޵ֿ֮ķ˽ȥ
ڷȥͬʱռҲʼ֮Сŷһͬʧ֮䡣
ǰĽɢ֮ſԼһʲôĵط
һڵĿռ䣬ϲ죬²أҫǹ⣬ŶһԼֽţܶȴ޷뿪λá
Ķ̲סһ޴⡣
ʳôһ仰֮󣬷Ϳ˴ΪֹидҪľ
ǹ⿪ʼģţǹƺܵٻһ㣬ʼͬʱٳǰĳ㣬ǹͬʱۼǸʱıը֣Ϲ۵Ĺâһ˲ޱȵҫ÷̲ס۾
ţԴһ洴Ḷ́űը濪ʼ޵չһĺǣһǣһϵһֱ󣬱Žʱǹӡ
Ĺˮģ۾
ţһǰ󡢺ˮȥ½¶ˮ桢ֲ𽥳֡𲽽
Ĺ̡
ѾȫڷǰʧʱһģӰһһǰʼ
һӢ˵һϮסȫϹ΢ЦӰȫͬ˵ʱ˶Է¶һЦݡ
㡭˭һ⡣
Ӧ֪ҲֻһͶӰѡʲôֻҪǷϳģҾͻ㡣΢ЦеĻش
ʲôطٷϻ
ҵĴеص㡣
Ϊʲôң
Ϊܹһʹþϵֵϵ֤ܹôС
⻰Щˣ֮ǰҲӦв˱סֻ޷һʹþϵ޷ĳЩؼֻһֱ
ܻʲô
ȻҵĴСҲǾ޵Ĵڣ֪ӦǿԼʵҵĴаɣܹһȫµĵ·Ӧңﵽĳ̶֮һͬĴеص㣬磬ҲӦ
ҽܡ
˿ˮĵͷֱܹõתٶȼϣ֮ǰֻһ飬Ѿĳ
¶һЦݣȻޣ⣬ٶԶͬ٭Ȼбףͻƹؽ죬Ʊؽкǣͻ쾳
¶һ˿ԭǹؼ𣿲ͻ쾳ôҲǸոջƷѣӦô
ȴûκλشӰʼ𽥵ɢȥšһ죬һöССɢɫʵˮ֮С
ʰöˮ
νˮޱ߼ʵĴУˮ֮ϵı֮ʣµķɵļ壬ԼԲĴеˮ֮ʣµķһС鼯壬ʿ˵ĶȻϡȴôΪʿκõĶѾȡˣЩ
ȻȴǺƯԲ˻ὫĶƷû֮ǰǾ仰ΪֻλļƷڣѾ֪ˣˮͻƵһ
֪ԼٶǶôľˣֻ̤ҪܹԪıܹ˲գֻʮʹﵽ˾۷壬֤ٶȡ
ȻΪ޵ĴڣٶȹȻ˶Ľ˫ҪγѪȴԽĹؽڣ
Ӿչһֱ޷ͨؽڣԾͬ޵Уȴ޷ֵסͼһƷʿһǻʿҲܹɻܣ
Զڷ˵̶һ䡰кǿͻڡ˵κεĵرã
ӻȡˮǿˮԼ
кؼӲƷ֮һȻȴϡ٣޷ȲܱգҲܶ취ԲűʿΪõķ
֮ǰûĳЩʦκζҪ˷ѵ̬ȥͼкǴһЩõĶȴںķ֮ùԵڣҲû֪ӦЩ
ܼ򵥣Ǿʯеķˮ
ǳЧķ
ˮ֮ޱȼ̵ˮ棬ʼ۲ɱڻ󣬶ˮڻѾͣûκα仯ԪҲʼ˱仯
һ˿΢ɲĺХӷ𣬽ţڷеǸ㣬ҫ⣬ŽҫХҲȻʼӵ
Хӿ죡
ĵ֮ʱĴһ㣬졪ľ󣬾÷ɴ½ʶľǿᾪȵĿɿڴ
һʿڶȹ򿪵ﵽʱҲһ죬ԲŪ˵ľ춯أٲȻ
ȫһȫصķûκεľֻڲϵĸȫµĸ򣬵һڲطȫͬĵطʼ𽥳ͣ𽥵ƽ֮Լһ鿴ƽ޲ȴз׼ĺ͡
ŷĵǿˮԽԽСʧ֮󣬷ĵ׵ƽ
ȻȴܹܵԼĵܹ֮ɵԪ֮ǰѾʮ಻٣ʮ
ܹɵԪ࣬ζܹʹóǿķ
۾һˮⲨʧΡ
ڡǣ̫ˣ
ȵԪЩ֣յ˵ոͻƵʱҲѸٵھͳԪϾʿ˵ﵽֻ֮Ҫڻ㹻Ԫܹȫľڴͨȫ֮󣬾ܹﵽͻƵʱܹ㹻ԪĻôҲ̫һ㡣
Ƭռ䣬һõط
ԺͷʼϸռѰȻһ֮أôҲӦеöİɣ
Ȼ׼ʼѰʱȴʼоƺޱߵĿռ䣬ѸٵС
ڷûзӦʱռѾۿɼٶ𲽵ıСһ̣ԼѾصһϤĵط
ѧԺɽеһѧԺǧ֮ң֮ǰźǵƿģҲȫ⿪Ǹ֮󣬱
ǰԲԣɽȸߴߴ죬һĸо
ǰһ貵ĹԼٶһƶСʱͻȻٵС֮У


3 Ǵ
عϽԼڡܿģͷԼĵ֮һССİĿռ䣬ƿһȴҫŵǹ⣬֮ǰǸռ䣡
ʶ̽ȥ֮󣬷ֻռȻڣȴƺƵޱ޼ʣֽӲֵĴͨҲֻ̾Ϊֹ
ҲãԺʲôֱӷŵȥʡ˴ˡܿͷһ㣬ϾƬƿռõĺôѾ㹻ˣǡкǿͻơ仰
̧ͷǰ֮ͨǰ⿪֮󣬾ͳһİͨڷ֮󣬺ǽͨȥѰҪҵĸء
⴦ۣͨɽɽͷƬżڵĵطȴֻһ۵Сɽɽ޴ڵס˴ţǺǰʱżڴ˴ЪϢҲᷢڸµƽĴš
վͨǰ˼һ£׼̧߽ͨҪȥҺˡ
һߣһ߼Լľ񣬻Ԫӿű֮ǰǿöġ
ȻڵҪ߳һȼͬӣȻȴĻȺˡֻҪʼʱͻϮɵԼսһܹɱ֣
սϣȱҪ֪ǰﵽʱ򣬾һʮͬʿȫʤ׳٣һ㣬ųֵš
ֻѧԺڵĻҲܸɵȺӵܣ
İĶѨ÷еʲôʣڴﵽڵʿ˵˫ĿҹＸѾ˱ܣȫûκιߵĿռ䣬Ļ˵ڿ¡
·вԵҵĽӡڵʿ޷շУǺһоˣʵβ룬ȫǰһȺ˽ǰ½ӡǲܵġ
һ·ϸĹ۲ŽӡܿüͷӡֻǳŶѨȥģࡣ
һӡȽ룬Ҳ϶࣬ŶѨȥһӡȽңŶѨȥ
üͷԼǸռƺҲû೤ʱ䣬ɫҲʱѵѾõҪõĶȻ뿪ˣ
ĻеʧǻصѧԺҪеˣ㷽˵ݺԼҲû֤ݣѧԺôֵĿ֮£ѽ˽µı
һԼŭ𣬼ŶѨǰΪֹҲֻĲ²ѣǻڶڵĻıᣬԲŹ
οѾ֪ӦͻˣʱûҺǱ𣬽Ҳлᡣ
ҪģҪ֪ʲô顣
ŶѨܿģͿһƬҵս
ĴɼѪɼ޻צ֮µۼɼʿʩչڵµĺۼ
һս֮ĺۼ
ǿް
˳սĺۼһ·ȥȻͿ˲ҵսͷӴ쵹ڵϣӴ˺ۣͷ­Ŷ쵰ĶѾߡ
ͬʱֳģľʬ壬Ƿ֮ǰģǸСӡ
ǵʵ治ͷһƷѾ޾ȻǺɵˣ
һͷ޵ʬ塪ʬѾ͸ⳡսѾ˺ܳʱ䡣
ʱƶϣǲŽ붴Ѩãⳡս⵽ʲôطŲ񸣵ؾյء
˼ţνأع֮֮أѧԺڸ֮ϣ޲֪֥ɲݳض޳ɾǲľټȻľȴһ㶼ͣʿĺû顣
׺ޣɴ½Ҳֻĵʮ˼һʮĴյأұĵȣÿԵ֧֣ͷһƷ޵յأҲǱֺżյأԺСӵʵҲڶֺյػһ죬ֺյصĻǻ׶༪١
ѵһյص𣿡
ŵʱ򣬶ͻȻϸ΢ʩչϢƮ˶ѨǰתǴſڶѨϣȻĵͷȥ
һͷ˫򡢻ͷţӴſڵϣǰצѾûͷ­ʿ壬һûһ壡
СӵĳԱ
еһɱܵΣգͷҪӵǿŵ׺Ϣ÷еһսҲûзϻתƮȻԶȥֱ嶴ڡ
ѾȷˣһյءһѧԺѧѧԱԲܽıֺյأ֪ǸСΣȴ֪ǸСӣѾʧԱ
˵ǣͷǿ޲û׷Ϸֻ̧ͷ˷ߵķ򣬴˸Ƿǰ塣
һֱӶѨѾʼ谵ɫʱ򣬷һԼȺҪãϾԼȻգȴõ˴Уգȴ޵Ŀʳ
Ҳ֪ûСϣǻţֱܹ𡣡
һȭͷű֮ǰǿöġ
ڷ۾ɫĥԼҪһҹʱܹصѧԺʱ΢ķһӰͻȻھԶĵط˷
ѸٵһתյӰͻϮȻתһ˲䣬еһ
֮ѸڻһĨȻɫͳĴѾʧ٣
ͬصĺӰһ߯⣬ֵɵһΰεģǷǸ
ҡǰü۵ļһ֡
СļһȴֱӽԼĻڷɫһʱĴָָһԼСӣû˵ҵҽйƣڣңҪûĴ㻹ǹԹԵİѴ򿪴Ŀھ˵գƤ֮࣡
ƣǸɽѧԺѧԱЩͽʿĹƣ㵨ӻ󣬱ѧԺԺһֱ㣬ΪٵĿŵǲ֪
ȴ⣺Сӣ֪үүΪʲôһֱᱻץס𣿵һû֪ĿʲôӣڶһϢǾƷ۷ʿҲǸʿֻģڻʿ֡͹ԹԵİϵĶգƤ֮࣡
˵㵹ͦе壬ֻɱˣҲɧƽ񡭡ҾͲɱˣѴңǸ߸·ƽ˵
ƴЦСӣ㵹ǿܴ󣬿ϧǣֻ֪ǸոͻƵʿһ粻ȣұ߳һ磬㻣סҵģ
˵仰˾һɿ磬ֱ˷
³֣ѾԼס˷޷ܡоԵİգΪ֮̽ûʧܹ֪ȷʵͳһȼ
ϧǣȻһȼȴһ̥
ڽӽ֮󣬹Ƶֻһ⣬̷ֱļ򡪡ȷʵûҪɱˡ
ͬһ⣬ŹƵĽӭȥЦͬĻһûʵһֻʵһΣһǷĽⱻ׵Ļ
˫ཻ
һ˲䣬Ƶһ飬һ˫ཻ֮Ѹٵͻ˹Ƶ壡
ȫûзһĹƻһԣҲȻж϶ʧĽ˳ƶϣֱӾڹƵ˫ϻӣƾͬʱףŹƴһ
һøո׼˵Ĺƣһͣ
ϵԳ棡
ԷȹƵһʵֻùͣôһ˲䣬Ȼһ˲䣬ùʧȥȫķ
һӵĹǱˤ˵ϣ˹ƵĽţȻһٶ䣬ͬʱ˵ϣŷһڵϣٶȾۼһס˹Ƶʺ˵˰ɣ򿪴Ŀھ˵ЩҵĲˡǵģľǴ٣


4 ײ
СһݰȻңƹֽź
˭ҵģҪҺֱӸɵˡȰ㻹ǹԹԵ˵ھɣҲܸһ㶫ãȥЩ飬ҰᵽѧԺȥȻ˵ݣʲôĺأЦеʡ
ƴ˸սҪ֪ʵϿνǲֵһᣬȻȴűʵҪöȻǳ֣һֱСĵĴ͸¶ԼĿһܹԼϢϴԼʵߵʿֻͱ˴ж˿ˡ
ֻǴЩ޺̨ʿҲˣҪǣٹٵù䵥ӵܣ˲ٵĺöҲиϵӵܱٹڶٷĺϣǰéġ
ݡ
¶һ˿ΣȻ󱨳˴ԼԼĿھʩΪȻһ
پȻô׬𣿡
ЩĿɿڴĿǰѵͬСɽһʯ͸ϡŹֵĵرĿһ䡣
Ʒ˷ۣû
Ľʯ͸ĵرһԵսԼĴִ֮ԼĴͳ˼ʮƷƷʯ˵ϣЦŶԹƵˣҲ̫֡Щˣ׷ң϶׷ҵġ
˵仰ָŹһָŹƵʼɢʱ򣬷һ棬ͬһĴɽ֡
һֱȵȫʧƲ̾Ľʣµٵÿʯװ˴Žʹ쵰Сӣлץ㡭ʱҪȫ³
Žʱ򣬷ǷһڴﴩţڸԼ˫ȴ֮󣬷ٶȱѾһ쾳ʿҪö࣬οÿδأԪصĹÿǰľø죬ʹܵٶȣʹ½ģʿġޡҲ˶٣
һ߱ţһ㣬νǾʷ׳ʣԼȻΣգȴҲõ˴ԵһͻƣȵİգҲͻһЩɡ
ںûУ˵ĻͷûʲôϵóȻ̫յյأٺҲﲻǣûѧԺܹ
ѧԺһйصĵطƾ޾ݲܶǱǺļٴҲԵ޹ʵѧԺԸʱİȫܹ֤
ֻԷƢԣݺˣҲҺ㣬ˣĺҺǼһڣеǱ
һ֮󣬷ʼԽԽ졪ڵǸռ俪ʼϵΪԪԷľ֮һҲȫ˳̤ϡˮϻУܹһʱؼԪÿһ̤ͨʿԶ˼ʮ
ڱܹУ֣ÿԼڵԪһʱǸռ侹ȻͬԪȥҲ˵ôģڵԪԴԴģ
ֻɽѧԺȷʵ̫ԶһЩ֮ǰһڣڷٹƵʱҹĻѾʼˣ㱼һҹڳҪֵʱڻصѧԺԼķ֮ڡ
ûʱԼջΪÿʱĹҲʼ
죬Ҫǣڽ֮Ͻлƾ׵ֲҲҪΪһµ˲ܸɵĹҪ֪ƾʿһղȱٵʳĻƾףѧԺҲܹΪʼԺأҪ֪˵ܹڽ֮ϽֲǵҲŷǳĺôģһϳԪ
ѧԺʱѾһȺʿȴˣڿУնһʿһƬȻ⣬նʿ˵ǰվʿĽǱλնʿʿ
նƷʿ
ѧԺĵʦɶƷʿȻôǶʼѧԺܹѡνҲһҪŬΪƷĵʦУ
˽ȺʿмԪʿüͷһɺͳ
ֻһʿȴͬʱеԼʶ죬ʵʵվֱ塪ԵģѧԺѾԽڣﵽڵʿЩŸոռѧԺͨʿ˵ܴ
ֳʱԪʿͺȵʱ
һ䣬Ԫʿÿ˷¶һԴ̵ЦݣȻ˵ڣǽһѧԺܳţһ¾ʹӺ޸ƽΪ쾳ʿֻڵļǻһȼء
ٵĿͬʱע˷ϣȴ˿΢΢ЦЦ˳ʦˡ
ʿֿʼ˽ȻǶҰһʿҲ˵Ĺ¡ƽʿ룬ƽʿĽֻ궼޴֮󣬷ͳΪƽʿʧ
ԭ
ңʱ½Ϊ֮䵽һ𡭡
˵ҲʿҪ߳һȼء
Ⱥʿֿʼ˽ʱ򣬷ɫȴ˿ûб仯Դʼ޷򿪵һ֮󣬷ѾۣѾκεĲ
οѾ֪ӦͻƣӲ۷ϡ
ƽӣԪʿ˳һ˿ʧͦϣģܹ˻ѵһڻûκϣҵǰˡ
ֻиɻҲҲʲô©ӡ
Ż˳һ£ʿǿʼԼĸ˳֮ǰ˵ȻֻһܻĹȻڽ֮ĵطͬҲźܴ洦ģܿģʿǾͿʼܵ˺ô
ҾҶϵƿǿˡ
ǵģϸ΢֮Ҳøˣ
ѧԺѧԺڣ㼯ɾ
ȺӡʿʼԵ̾ʱ򣬷Ĭľһͨʿһʹ÷֡ոŻƾףĹѾǼ죬ʱ䶼ڸĶôĹ
˳ԶԶĿųĬķ¶һ˿Ц
ǸСʦܡֻĹĹҲû̫ʱˣİ
ʿǵĹ쵽βʱңԶʣͻȻһ޴ĺ֮
ǧĳһ㣬¡¡ľԶһ˲䣬һ޴ĺѾԾʣһƬտˮ⣬ǵصĲգ
ôˣʲôˣ
޴ĺеʿе˾޴𺳣ֻǺգǸܵĵѵη壬һλ߶λߵȻη壡


5 
ҲҪ£֣ԺԺ˻ˣ
ҳһŵʿǣ˳ҡҡͷһ̧ͷ۾գֹһ䣺Ժ˵Ĺƺ־ء
ԭԺԺˣ˼š
һʿ̾һ䣬˳ȴüͷһ壬ȵ죬˼ҵҲܽеõģ
ʿͷһȣͲðǣͷһң۵һ³һѪ
һ󾳽Ĳ࣬ǻ˳һϺȣһʿѪ
ײһ㡣
ʿȻݣŻ˳ҲʼЩԻ˳ʵ֮ɱЩʿǶѧԺ˵ܶ黹ҪЩͼʿȥģƾ׵ֲֲͨģȻƷЩ߸ϵʿôʱȥ飿
ʿײĴڣȴҲ࣬ɺӵĴڡ
ΪЩӴʿȺ壬ɴ½ܹܺõУ
˳Ҳһ㣬ڸղ֮ʼܲˡһ֣һ͵ˮ䵽ùʿͷܵʿʼ̹֮ǰɵҲڷɿȬ
Ժҵĵʦ鼱֮ЩˡҼѽĹɡ
һͣԭЩ߿ʿտʼǵĹϾѧԺЩѧɲŵʿ˵ȷʵĻԵ˳ƷʿǵĵλҪߵ̫ˡ
һĹ֮ʿǿʼ׷̸Ц뿪Ҳ⣬ʼ̧ȥߵ˳ߵʱȴͣס˽Ų
ôˣţʲôҪͱʦ𣿡
˳̵˵һ䣬ȴûжǵ˵һ䣺Ʒûеĸոŵʿп𣿡
ɲ裬ֻǽ̻ôѧѧԺȥ㣬ţѧԺѾ˰ɣҼǵֻһ£ѧԺˣʱ㻹ܻƷĻôͻȺһȥ£뿪ѧԺ˳ٺٵЦһıġ
дءĻش𣺡ֻҪڴܹͬҲнԺĻġ
ƾ㣿һͶ˵ľʿ˳ЦһЦȻǸķϲһᣬҲЩԽǿʵǰԺĻᣡҪõԺȥɣҪ֪ҵĵܻܵƽѾĺ֣߳ȼҲμδȣϣõ㣬Ҫڱ
Ի˳Ļûмػת뿪˽֮ء
˳ֻЦţûм˵ʲôǸСʦһˣ֮ս黹ʣ¶ٶһ⣬ȫʢڣһһʿԽսڶʿǺ˲ˣĵܵļʿܻܷ֮
ϣƽܹһǸһôʹ飡
˳ʱ򣬷ѾһһĻصԼľ
ΪѧԺѧԱľȴҲ徻ѧԺռعԺԺԺܹ֮ƾףеѧԺʦȹԱǾסѧԺԺ
һƬɶһĵطһɽ廷мһ߷壬һɱķĴĴռҲ֪ж٣Ҫ˵½ȫĵط˸أԺĺĵشˡ
ͬģѧԱҲܹԼĶһסǺ˺סѧԺûӲԵĹ涨
ٵĶͲ˵ˣȻܶطʦԵú࣬ȻĶĻȴ˲һ
ûдţһŴ󴲣ʽͷǰڵ˯Ŵһģһɳӡ輸ҲֻЩϸϣԼʲôطˡ
ƿţǸӰʱ򣬲û¶һ˿ı飬û˳֮ڷһ㶼ɵľеȴŵ˵ʱ򣬿Ҫŷ
ѧԺԺ֮һԺԺң۷壬Ʒϵ۷ʿˣ
ܴڣϼ죬ѧԺܹŽǰľ֣
½ȴһ㿴ɷ磬һӵʿԭ۾ŷס֮˻عͷ¶һɷһ΢Цôղźͻ˳Сгͻ
е顣˵ͷȻʵ͵λżĲ࣬ȴƺһ㶼ѧԺֱûʲôͲдˡ
ӻҪдֵҽҪ㣬ٹһ£ѧˡ
˵ͷһѧԺ˻켣еģֻѧԱǵĿģԺ꣬޷ͻڵѧԱͿԱ϶Ϊûǰ;ѧԱÿѧѧԱǽˣֻʸд˳ﵽڵѧԱܹԺ
ϾѧԺǱŨöԪ̲궼޷ͻڣﵽڵĻֻ֤ѧԱȷʵûʲô츳
ȻҲĴڣʿֻҪǿսеѧԱھԵúȻȴųͬ٭սÿĴȣǸһᡣ
ÿܹڲп̭вɱѧԱҲõʦʧ
Ļᡣ
̾һҪ֪ȻԺϣܹѧԺ㽫ķչҲģȻؾǹأѧԺĹǲƻģûͻƵڣôͲѧԱѧԺʮ֮ԺȣĻᡣ
Ժĸ֣ɫҲһ΢΢Ķݣ˵ͷ֪һһֱŬġ
ٲϻǳŷ˵ͷת뿪˷ľ˳ֹŵʱ򣬷ŵĵطһƬڰ֮С
뿪תͷ˿ȹŵţѵõ̾һĥͻƵ⵹Ǹ㲻ѡ񣬿ʱѾ˰
һֱͷûΪͣͲǰԱѡһΪѵ֮·ûʲôչ̬ȣȴ˷ǳ͵ġ
Ȼ޷ѧԺĻҪʲôͷǳˣܷɴ½ûԵ谭ͨʿȻھ󲿷ԴҡͥԼѧԺռݵ£ʧȥѧԺĻᣬԷĳԤƵǣ޷ԼԴͻԼĹؿڣҲΪ粢Ԫ޷㹻ԴԪ֮ҲֻεĶֻء
ԺΨһһ·Ȼ·ȴޱȵļѡ
ԺȳĳԣǸЩսǿȴѧԱһᣬȻ˽죬кܶಢûеҵʱǣԺΪһĽݾÿ궼кܶѧѧһӵܲμԺȣϣܹǰԺϾԺܹǰøԴǵҲżĺô
ܱȵùЩЩҿɽܹԴԴϵĻúôǣ׵óһݾġ
ſϧ뿪˷ľ֪ǣʱ򣬷Ѿ˷ܵʼԼջ
Ķȫڲ輸ϵʱԻ˷֮ۡǰԺʱǼٵĵرֻǸãģڣһ輸ıߡģ
̾һżٷҲһǰ;Ĺ֮󣬷ʼԼսƷ
ڷɴ½ʿ˵κĵرõģԼԷϵģеǿԼʵЩĺԼԷϵƷǿԼıǿǺԼԲϵģҲȥ˽ͬı
ڴ½ܹҵıͬϸĻ֣ΪƷֱӦں󾳽ŸС磬ˡ
ڻûܹͻڵʿ˵޷ԼıģԺܶ౦˵ʱҲûʲôáҲΪԭ򣬷ŴӹƵĴŪôҪƷܹ֮ϵı
ֻһʿЩƷıǸ磬ҲòϡҲ֤ƴ˶ٴĵùӵܡ
Ȼͬı׶˾ǣЩڷԼҲòϡ
ʵϣƷʿϷ̫ıϾܹϵͻᱻĵǿʵҲֻЩûдﵽӵƷӵܣŻı
ĶűĹһ£һƷҩĺͿʯһѣƷƷҲв٣÷ԾǣȻҵһƷˮڳԽ˴ڣﵽڵˮʿ䣬Ҫˮڲһˮܹ֮óڵʿֱܹӽһȼı
Ҫ֪ﵽ֮ÿһ磬ҪʮĿ๦ڴﵽ֮һҪϰһξʡʿϰʲô
Ҫǣڲǵˮ֮֮⣬ˮǣǿ뷨ϺÿʯΪڴˮ֮Ҳܵ󣬶ˮϵƫϵʿ˵ǵЧһɣ
ȻǣĳˮϵӵΪԼﳤ֮׼䣬֮ǰǱ˹ƣڱ˷
֮⣬ʯҲǲ٣һ£󲿷ƷʯٲƷʯûóڵʿҪƷʯ
Ʒʯ飬ƷʯҲнӽһٿ飬Է˵ѾǼһʲƸˣҪ֪ڹһ£ѧԺ쵽ٺ»ҲĿƷʯѣһٿƷʯֵһƷʯ·׬ˡ
֮󣬷ЩűԼĴžͽԼڵǸ޹Ŀռ䣬ǸռܹϢǺܺõĴƷĵط
ûע⵽ǣԭӦǱһĴڷǸռ֮󣬿ʼ˿˿ĹâӴ͸˳


6 ཻХ
ջòʱһ֮ϲǰ
һö˸ɫâľѾʰɾĲ輸桭
֮ǰʱ򣬷ȻҲһһ㣬öΪȥƯŵľڴӺϵ֮󣬾ͱıڸ棬ڣһһƷʱöľͳǰ
Լ۾ľɾڲ輸ϣǾлˮ¡
ҵƺѾʼתأ
кǼΪһ֮ھ͵õöͬģԵ÷֮ǰĵùѾȫȥӭķ̩
һĴЦȻѸٵ󣬽öľԼġھѾ̫ͣˣոͻƵճ˵Ҫȹһ£ϤһͻƻһЩҲȲˣڣҪͻƣ
ڵǿľʱ򣬷ԭƽĵʼľڻеʱһɫ˿ߣ˷ʼİٺ֫ɫ˿֮Ѫ⻹ǹܵ˼
ľԪԪ̲ģɫ˿֮֫ٺʼ𽥵ĳֱ仯ѪøʵøӲͬģڵľҲԽĴִͣ
ʿʿ޵ĲֻԪҲҪǿ׳ܹɸԪ׳ľܹԪУκһʿս
ɫ˿ǿʵʱ򣬷ĵҲʼøӵĲ󣬺κ𽥵ģϿʼִƬƬݣͬȪˮһķţϵĳ棬֮ͷųɫ˿ߣõŷȫ
ھĿУͬ´һ㣬Ͽʼð⣬ͳĺХϵ
ͨʿ޷ȻںХʱѧԺĸĸͬʱ۾һľ֮ɫ
ҪصԼͣԼĲһ̣һת廯һεĺ⣬ֱӷ˷ľ
ٶȿ죬ȻбģﵽǰʱѾ뷢԰׵ߵˣ˶վھǰһص洫ķ׼֮
ཻХ𡭡ǣǼͻڣﵽڲŻеడ
һ߳Ծ˵ţ촽˿̵飬ѾﵽңڣƷﵽƷѧԺ˵һͻƴڵಢԾȻеѧԺְԱѧʱ䳤һѧԱ֪ڵһѾͣʱˣҪͻƴڵĻôζ˲Ծ弶ֱӽһ󾳽磡
⼸ǵ߸ɴ½ϵ¼
ɴ½ûͬʱԾŵģһ󾳽硪بδ֮£
һϲɫ漣ĻôѧԺѾκεˣҲԺ˶ϣ顣
һֱһյʱ䣬ķ֮𽥵ƽϢһЩɻָ㣺񲻶԰ʱ̫һ㡭ͻһ󾳽࣬Ӧóʱġ
ôˣţ˵ءЩͷ˵
ʱھ֮ڣѾԼ۾еǿľѾȫʧ٣ŵԪ裬ڳ裡
һڱ֮ǰȵöԪЦ
ʱĻѾþӨ͸ѪޱȵʵڵԪ͵ڸߣԵĹһ£ڵԪѾ֮ǰʮͬʱ˲ܹԪҲ֮ǰʮζܹ÷ȥ֣ͬʱҲǿˡ
Ȼһʵı仯ڵңԻûͻǰĶʮң
ֹһͬʱҲԼܳӯԪǸССĿռƺ޾ԪӦֻҪܹصסôܹ
ĻӶһȭͷȻĿɿڴĿԼȭͷĻӶһۿɼķХֱϣҵ˲˷飬ɢɽ
һɱȾķʩչеȫһֻǻӶһȭͷѣ
ȻͿſվŵϣԼһ֣÷ɽŰƬȫʧٵһ뷢԰ףɫȴޱȺֵͷ
Ժˣһ
ʱϵģѧԺԺңھƷʿʦаˣ
а˵Բ¶˿ĵЦݣСѾͻˡղһнӽڵʵˣôͻȻͻʲôͨ쾳
ǻԺˡĻش
ʲôŻͻƵʱдڵ࣬ӽڵʵ
ͬʱ˳˼
𣿿ǱĺܳɫаЦСûУȻͻˣҪѧԺǵͨԺȲС
ס˵ͷг˼㣺ѧԺĹһصģԺȣһõһΨһɹѧԺ
аĵ˵ͷҲû˵ʲôͻأʧ˵ǰԴ˲û¶ɫҪ֪аǼ亱ԪʿƮۼص㡣


7 ͻ
аʧͬʱҲĬ뿪ˡ
ΨһµЦķļ򣺡û뵽һ뿪ͻˡע⣬ͻС磬ȻõҪʱȥĥͿƣһ㣬ǿҲ޷õģ֪𣿡
ͷȻ֪ղӶһȭͷЧɲʲô£ֻ˵ڻȫƲסԼ
˺ܿҲ뿪ˣϵĶûоˣȻܿģѧԺ߲㶼Ѿ֪£ûʷôͻƵģϾٶȣھͣ꣬һͻƵĻͻ磬Ҳ˳ԾϾ֮ǰҲ顣
ģǷͻƵʱŪĶ
ô
ѧԺһɽ߷嶥ϣԺľа˿վǰˣһ䡣
˳˼һᣬͬжϣڷսѾӽͨ쾳ʵľ磬ֻлȷʵӵзǳɫʣܹѾϵڻͨʱȫܹԽսԸ߳ԼСĶ֣Ҳһս֮
Ҳ˵δܿÆа΢Ц
һֱܿãܹһ֮ʹþϵһơ˻ش
˵ǽҵĵȴڡа˲ûش𣬶ǻһ⣺ӽͨ쾳ڴܹӱ
ҪҪȥüпвĶֲҪμδˣѯʵ
Ҫа˶ȻҡͷһϹأĥʿԼıҪ;ҪģǽĻ䣬Ǽ͵ҰݣֻҰݣŻиʢʲôҪƾԼȥѹءܹһ㣬ǾͿԶһЩߵˡ
˶аףȻһԲת뿪⴦ѧԺȨľ
ƬƬһƬ󣬻ľ棬򶷴䣬ּԳɽ¹дɱɱشȱѧԺȫӡ
ҽѧԺʿ˵ǵۣҲżĺôԪĽ֮ϸܹǸõԪľ֮οѧԺۣÿ¾ĿƷʯΪٺ»㹻ƽʱġ
ϡ£ܹÿ»㹻ʯģҲܹǵ˥ϣǸл
ֻ졭
䣡
ѧԺĽ֮Ϸһ죬⼸ùʿըûͷķ˳ȥ׷æҵŷϣܹסԼķÿλӶ첲ԪΧʿǿ಻ԡ
һϹȥˣûܹܺõĿסڱǵԪԷĿ쳣ľԪļȴҲ޷ƣ
ϾԪ֮ûͻ֮ǰٱȫܹǿԪжʱ򲻻ٴԪȻ󶯷ʱ򣬷ȴҪöࡣ
áûƾ׵׼ȷ뵽ÿѨʱȴǿӴضǣáˮ;ӹˮʱȴ˺ԭس˸䣻ڸղţٻ׵ɱЩʱȴƬغ˸ϡãʿը÷ɳȥ
㵽ڸʲô
ڷæĶ޹ǣʿǵǸʱ򣬻˳Ѿշɶ˶Ҫ֪ĹʵǺܼ򵥵ģ˳ҲֵУո뿪һᣬͰֲŪ˸߰㡭
ǸҽеƲסԼķ
̯̯֡
ҿǹ⵷ң˳ƽʱһ㶼棬ǹ⵷ңͷһ£㲻֪ѧԺһйصѧԺ
ֱնĻ˳Ȼ̾һǵģҵĴԸ⳥
ŷǿмʯ˳ҲסˡҪ֪˳һѧԺõٺ»ȻȷǸ߲٣ҲʮƷʯѣһƷʯͶµٺ»ƷʯҲȫܹɵʧ
ֻƷʯʱ򣬻˳ܵľ뵽ЩϲĵʦԺġû˳޵ʼøӵŨңԼ뿪ǿƷʯŷһһ˵ѧԺĹأɲʯƻġֻҪ˴󣬾ͱܵ
΢΢ͷŻ˳һ˿飬ȻЦѧԺĹأĹأ
˳Ҳûд𻰣һ̧֣һΪΣ𣡡
һȣ֮ؿʼŻ˳ƣѸٵķڿն𣬴泯ŷ˹ȥ
ΪΣסˣ˱ס֮󣬾ͻʧȥȫжͷ
濴˳³ֻֽҪסѣȻ˳ԼȴڻΪ֮Уּ˼ְסͬʱڷϣˣҲһԪˡ
ó֮Ա˵ķΪͻˡͻƵʲôˮ׼ҪμӴȵĻƽ˵һСв˳֪ͬ޵еģĻᣬ÷ԪǾ籩ô͸ڴȡúóɼʱѧԺûκνڽ
ҪӽԼʱ򣬷ʼ
ҽصڽ֮϶һţӯԪѸٿʼתڴҽųʱѾתɫľԪŷԴԴϵľԪĽ£ٿʼƾڷܲ͸ķ
ľ賤ʱ򣬽֮صԪıգ÷̺֮Ҳʼ½Ȼ棬ҵ죬ȴû˵ֺ
ڳʿڿȥ֮˿ķʱһٴ¶ޱȳԾı顣
Ȼںͻ˳һ֮˿·磡
˳ǴڵģƷʿһƷ£Ҳڵʿűϵڣڻ˳ֵ£Ȼ˿û·磬ıּ߸ǵĳʶ
˳ɫѿղΪ˳ֲҪ̫ԣµɱõİȻֱӻ⡪ҪĶ飿
̤֮أȻ̧ͷŻ˳˿塣
˳ԵʿȻԲ֮ڣԪڽ֮ڣƬֲ꣬ȫϤƬŨԪ̤أ˳Ҫ֣ǳ֮س֣ͲηԷ
οѧԺûܹĳ֡
ڻ˳׹ֵʱһͻأĳ˽֮Ͽա
ʿԸȻûг֣ΪңڴɵĶʿȴǵء
ô£˵Ȼʵ
ġ
˳ϴԸĽղŷȫ˵һ飬ѣֻҲ֪ڽ֮أʱע﷢һУϾ֮ضѧԺ˵ޱȵҪ
ղŵĳð˷Ļ˵Ƿ̫Լ֮³ֹأʱҲֻʵʵ˵
дһƷʯҲܹɵʧˡѾͻƣǾʿڽֲ֮Ѿûʲô壬Ҵȥĵط𣿡˻˳Ļ֮ÿɷ
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8 ɱ
ǻ˳ɵˣŻֻԺһͨʦѣЩͨʿǰ񣬿Ժ֮һǰҲϰĴڶѡ
˳ش˵˵ͷȻҵĶ˵仰¡¡֮԰ڵԺԺϼʧ˵ǰ
Ż˳ʼȻת뿪˽֮أֻº޵Ļ˳
ղֵĻ˳ᶪʲôӣΪһƷʿݶһڵʿ֣˻˵ƫƫһ֮£Ȼ˿𡭡
Ÿʲô㹤
һĻ˳ȫʿϣʿǿʼűĿʼԼĹ˳Ǵڽ֮صϿգ￪ʼתһЩͷ
ͻˡҲ֪ʲôˣֵܹҵһڵʵǲСҲ֪ƽܲӮһЩС
ڻ˳תһЩͷʱ򣬷Ѿ˵Ķ߽ʱϥһϣüͷ˼ʲô
ҲûдˣԼ˸ͬϥȻŴԽʱ̫ϰߣԽôˣҲϰˡ
˲û÷̫ʱ䣬ܿ۾Ȼʹ÷ʱû취ܺõĿĴС𣿡
ġȻǿٱڵõʱ򣬻ҪʱӦͷش
ڽܹ֮Ӧ÷ģڿӦȥӦ֮ǰѧԺĻƾûκβˡҪ֪ѧԺĻƾ׳ռĵɣһ춼ϲõġ
˵ĻҲЦȷʵֲƾ׼õеĻⱾһƿԼ÷ȻȴΪ֮صҪԶܱ̣
иȥɽռϡԷʹķ֮ǵûʱ㽻ʲôҾˣ𣿡΢Ц
ʱ
бڡƿڲ۾ŴŶĶƣг˶˵ĸм
˵ǸһʵֻΪ˷õȥԼѾӵеʵҪǣֻʱ򣬲ܹʹѧԺƿ
Ҫ֪ƿܹѸٽûƷ޷ݵصʿתƵԶȥĶڹ֮սʣҲңѧԺǧңֻЩõѧԱܹӵһƿʹȨ
ɽѧԺһǧɽһ֣ͬʱҲǶֺųյػ֮أ˷ڵʵ
ԷڵٶȣҪѧԺܵɽҪʮʱڵƿ֮󣬶̶̰ʱʹѧԺ˻ɽ
뿪ƿ֮ƿԶƻѧԺ֮⴦صȴ
һ𲽣ɽ
Ԫȣʱ׼֡ʿڵյصʱҪ飬νյأֻĳŻ޴ޣڵ⴦յصʱʱпܵ޵Ϯ
ڵʱҽ̤ȴûвʵأѸٷ˳˳ȥȥͬʱԭҪ֮УͻȻһƳȳë׵ԴŴ;һҧ
ȥĻضᱻòªĳҧС
ڣֵӵùˡ
ҧյʱķͣԼ壬Ѹһָһ죬ͼסĲӣһȫĴг˳ȻԪ˲ͽճ˽̿
͡
ֹһ̿һĳʬ˦˳ȥ
СƳ桱ĳӣǻɽزһԵ棬ⲿɫǣֶܹҺʵرĳɫ
Ȼȴк鷳һǣߵģʱʱð͵ϮСıҧеĻɽͻӵͨ쾳ʿҲδܹѡ
ֳӵǣȴǷǳԷĲϣƵķ൱ļ̣ڴ½ʽס
ԭ㽫ӿ죬ǾͻԶܹ׸ѧԺƫƫûпƺһ¶ȣֱǸսˣҲûκεô
˼˵㽻ʲô͹ˡȻôȥ򵹵Ĳϻƿؼ˵
ԳЦȻŻǰ
ҪڻʵҲѣûرǿޣľǻƳ棬ҲǻɽͻֻҪעʱ֪Ķһʱ乥ôҪȥǺ׵ġ
ʱڻˡϵĴߣƳԼȻøַȥЩСӣԼƷԽԽ
㵹ùôƵסԼԪķͷųɱǿķĶԪǸռﶼԴԴϵԪ䡣
ĲƻҲʼ𲽵Ŀס˷ԽԽã֮ʿĸų޷ƣôܹԷʿɲľͷɵվȥ
ֻȫסԼķܹ˷ѣܹԷϡ
Ľܿ졪ھͣͣԷĿƵһߵĵز֪ӦθϤԼԪתӶõĿԼķһŷḻľ飬Ҫģظһ̣ڶʱڿѡ
죬ֻʱ䣬ѾܹܺõĿԼԪתͷˣľϵѾȫļƻҪľѧϰ߲ε
һ죬ڶ·֮ʼŵ·ȥߵ··ڵʱĽŲ΢΢һ£Ȼǰȥ
һ
ո̤ʱ򣬺֮ǰܵƳϮʱһ֧ŽͻȻ˳źƮ˹ȥ
ƮȥͬʱԭĵͻȻҲԭ̤ĵطΪģһޱҫĽֱӾͳûкƮĻһͽֱӴ̴
ֻȻһȴƺҲ㲻壡
Ʈʱһ֯ɵĴȻ֣ӭͷǵһУڿȻһתۣŷɴ̣
һ˲䣬˺аΧǰͻվ
ɭȻĳȻƣڽӽ˷ӵʱ򣬽ѾɫԵһƬȻƣʹһĽͣƺѾܵ˽һ֮ĿС


9 諳
ȻѾҪ̴ʺʱ򣬷ͻأʧˡһһͻȻʧ֮䣡
ͺʿͬʱһͳȥԼϵȻڴһģжȥ˱˴֮Ȼ˵ϡ
ɿⰲĿǡ
ģϵ
Ľͷˣͬ
ܡͬʿش𣺡ڵϵʿŻܴﵽ˴ڡ
ûһСϷѡ
еһ˿ߣϢĹ򣬲ܺã׼˿ߵҿԼﵽ˲Ƶĵز
˿˵ǶãĶˡʿ
ҳǰҪġͷ¶β󱲣⼸һЩѧԱԵ޹ʱɱλֱˡֻҲܹԸЩѧѧԱѡ
ɲ˵ʿϸϸЦ˵Ҳף죬ǿҪɱء
ƾ𣿡һ䡣
֪ѾͻˣҲǣǻʿԸһԽսҲܹԸеһ֣ܲġ
ôȻ֮ǰ˵һ˭Һԩ޳Ҳֻл˳Ϊж˰ɣĵܱܵӦδȵŵģܵܵľءЦ
Ҫˣ֪öҲûã
еĽ⣺ֻҪ֪ǾͿˣ
̾˿ʳʲô̫ˡźĸһ䣬ģҡ
ţȫðޱȵĻ⣬̿;еĵΪҲǡ
սܿͽˡ
ǿ֮ľϵȫܣܹ׵˵ķԸͬĶ֣õֻͨĻҲˡղ޾һһʱɱǸʿŲϵһӲǸ͡ϧǣ̿Ҳû¶˭ġ
Ȼƶʮа˾ǻ˳£û֤ݣ˵˳ûµġ
ڷ̾Ϣ̿ͶǱ׼ʲôûʱԼĻ˳ȴԾĿǰСС˿ζǻƼ̿Ѿ
ƴ󡢻ƶѾˣ
˳ǰһòа˷ƣȴö
һ£ȻЦװĸ磬ж󣬷ǻʿҲ˵ֻҵһȼѣͨǰԺ̫ء
ǻƼҵϣֻһ˿ܣҶҪ취͵Ժȥ
˳дŷǱȸҪö࣬κΰ취ҲҪΪһŵѧԱǴɱЩѧԱʲôҶģ
˳䷢һıʾʲô취ҲҪԼĵܵǰԺøõǰ;ʹʱ򣬸ո̿ǰ緢磬ɾͻɱԼͬʿķȴǱӴС
ҲղŻɱ̿͵ʱ̫һЩ춼ȥɱ̿ͣȻ׼Ϣһʱȴֵ΢΢ĲܿģһͷͻƳӲ࣬ȴӴϰٱĹֳӵ˳
ڿͷֳ֮ĵһۣͿʼԼܣͷֳǰڶӴ˿ѷɫڷٶȿʼ׷ϡ
֪ʲôͷ޴Ĺֳ棬諳桪ǻƳ֮ʮƳδܹôһʵϣҲһͷ諳档
ռع󣬶諳ѾԼǵĹʿ˵õʳǻԪһʿҲȥĹֳ档
ֻǸһʱ䣬ĹֳʵҪܹвǰĵͼʿʱ򣬲ŻЩƷʿǰȥޣά⴦յصʵ⡣
죬ͺܵùͷ諳档
Ҳ֮ǰ̿ĵطͷ諳Ϣ֮أ˫ͷ諳棬ͷѾ諳ʼ׷ɱ˯ߵĿɶʿ
һܣҲһĥӦζԸͷ諳棬ֻޣʵɱһƷʿʿڶԸ޵ʱܹԽһսҲҪͨ쾳ʵʿܹԸͷ諳棬ʵء
Ҳ֪ԼҲûлᡣ
諳ӴȴһĻƳ治һ䶾ҺֻԼԸ֣Ƴһĵطǣȫǿ֮Ƿѹ֣諳ĶԵҪֶΡ
Ҳ˵ֻҪܵù죬ô諳ʹ򲻵ڵǣǽģܻܲյȥյ֮ǧ֮ңûƿ󣬷ҪܵһյҲûһʱ䣬겻˲˵ʲôʧȥ˶ԼԼƿȫʱ䣬Ӱ˴ȵĻôǴһλᡣ
諳治׷ǰɶʿ֪Լ׷϶ԷҲżܹܵԷֻһͨûƷʿԼû̫вͬʱʿܻԪҲ̫࣬ȫܣò˶þͻĵ󲿷ֵԪʱ򻹲ԼĿ֮ʳ
׷һʱ֮諳ҲʼЩˡΪʲôȫôãʵһʿûһֲ֧סļ
ɻ֮󣬷ͻȻˡʼ諳֣
ôãڲԼԪûһ½ʱ򣬷ͨˡȻǸռԼṩԴԴϵԪԼľϵص㣬ĥҲܹĥ諳棡
һʱ諳ù˾Ϳʼˡ
ʼϵΧ諳湥ĵطϵһ諳Ǽ̵ǣȻķն諳˺΢΢ȻҪĿģȴ˺Ŀġ
һ𲻶ϵԼϷţ諳ȴ⡪棬һķնû̫ôΪͲˮֻţһķշֻڵԪøӵĻ;
ԼڵԪøӵľ諳ЩԼ۾ͻȻɱʿˣܹץסÿһȥԼڵʣԼʵҲøǿɣ
Ҳ֪ԼûסʿģҲֻܹʱ⣬Ȼٸɵʿɡ
ŷϵ諳棬諳¶ҲʼԽԽˡһ㣬ʿûʲôԾȴһ㡪ȻǰһɼôõѧԣҲ֪泤ڷǻ¶ȱԽԽߵġ
òʱͳȥ˻棬Żյ諳һ£ΪԪѾˣ׼һźһȥɵʱʼܵΣյϢ
֮ǰʱһֱ󶯷׼ڳ棬ޱȵʱѾġˮþһܹȫԪƾǵصĺˮһ𣬾諳ϣ
һյѾޱȴȻˮһʲô


10 һҪ
諳淢ޱȲʹ˻ֻԼҪƬƬѿʵϣѾʼѺۣڲϵţǼޱȵǣҲʼһϸ΢ѷ죡
ڿѷ֮󣬷ٶȵѸԪҫһޱҫ۵֮˴ײǵѷ죡
ܷȫȻͷ諳ķȷʵˣ£ĽҲֻͻһ磬Ҳ޷
ֻҪҲֻһѡ
ͻһ֮󣬷ѸٵתԣʼԴԴϵľԪע諳ڣľԪ˳ѷ諳֮諳ˣҲ޷ת
ֻһ˲䣬ͳ˿ʮʿȫԪľԪͳôԪ֮󣬷ԪҲΪ֮һգɢ˽⣬諳һģƮȻ˺
ֻޱƮķŽſʼʹһģȴ⵽諳Ԫķɣƻٵ
ҿÿӵľԪˮԪʿʦһ߸Լһ߿諳
ڵԪʼ𽥳ʱ諳ҲʧȥԼ
ʼ˳諳ǵѷ˳һգԺˮˮл֮£諳ڿʼֱͽȥľԪɱ֣ڱסԪ֮諳òԪʧʱ諳Ҳʧȥ
ӭһû諳ʱ䣬һֱƳеĳһɳΪֹ
һʼѰԼսƷˡôһͷ޵ʬ壬źܶöġ
諳ĲƸǣȻѾѿȻÿһƬƿ׵ϺòϣƷʿòĲϣȴܹ쾳ʿõıԼ塣
СĽ諳ȫӽǸռ䣬ʼѰȻ諳ǾĲƸǼܲסĺöء
ȥ˷֮ЩҲܿľͿήϾ÷ģ˾ֻ諳ƺҲûʲôϾ֮ǰ֮£諳ڵԪʧúܿ졭
ûзڽ諳Ѱһ֮ҵһľϲ
Ѱ諳ʱһö˸ŵɫâġ
ڴпռõˮڹƵ˽õľ֮諳ڣֵõкеһ֡
ҲбȻԡ֮µĶͲ˵ˣľľϵʿҲǳĶ࣬ƿٶʿΪһľҲûܣŨԪԵԪΪۻˡ
ЩòҪҪǣܹԼľ磬ӻֱƵ߾ͨ쾳ֻʣһ֮ң
ļ죬ҪӦµأϧûȥѧϰķˡ
ЦϥȻﻹյأȻڷ˵Ҳ˲ˣܻصѧԺ֮ͻƣһһصʱ䣬ڵʱ䣬˵̫ˡ
ǿ鲻֪諳ٸͷԪǿڲһյʱʧ֮䡣
ȫʧʱ򣬷ҲɹһĻΪļɵͨ쾳ֻʣһ֮ң
֮ǰչһ࣬ı仯ԷƤʱ򣬷ƤӨ͸Żƹ⣬Ѫӵʵһֳơ֮ǰﵽĻôԷʱʵûзʱʺҲ̲ȥ
һתΪ֮Ϣ׶εʿȳҪһ࣬ͬʱҲҪȡֻ֣лƾĵرܹǵҪֻʯܹṩá
ڶ򿪣ܹɸ֮
ϴǣӵļܹͣѸٵĵԪԵУ׶Σʿսǳ͡
ļѪʵƤͣʱʿһ޷ƻǵƤվŲöԷ򣬼ǵ͵ʿҲδܹ˺ǡ
ھǴ׶Σɣ˵Ѿﵽʿ۷壬սǿޱȣǽս÷Ժ䣬ŻκͬĶ֣۷ͨ쾳ʿҲûлȡʤ
һֱﵽһŶԴ˰ա
Ҫ֪ȳǺͷһѾѧԺһȴûܹͻڵѧԱϣ֮⣬ʵϣЩŵĻǳҵӵܣǰýԺʸ;
Ĵȣʮǽ;귽һֱ޷֪ԼȥμҲǰ״ĻѧԺĵһͷͻѡȥμĴȡ
ļʵȻɣʣ˺ЩǶԿĵ
Ҫ֪ЩҵţôҲЩѹ׵ıνƷʿûʲôôģȻûбʿ˵ıҲܹǱʵ
ûĺ̨ѧԺҲΪṩİҲһֱڣļǿ̶Ѿﵽڵ۷壬ȫЩʽװĲ֮ǺЩҵվ˱ȽƽȵϾ
ʱ䣬µӦԼԪǰǿö壬ǰԣöԪ
˵֮ǰѾӦòˣʱ䣬ҪȫƿסԼܹԪ֮󣬲һ˵ʱ
һȥ뿪ʱѾȫϣﵽ֮ǰϤ״̬Ͷ֮ҲԼ޷Ƶ֣ǾƷϵʿҲѿʵʵ
һ֮󣬷ųһ뿪ѾˣȻȥѧԺʱ仹һ죬һʱҲˣһǻʵѾûˣҲϣܹúõϢһ졣
̧뿪˻Ѿкеˮľʣ½ԼûеõѾڴ֮󣬶ȥԺͻ޾ۼ㣬ȥѰʣµкǣȡͻڣﵽڣ
ֻдﵽڵʿһʿ
֮߳󣬷һ⼸˻ǻƳȳȵĵ桢ƳȳȵĶѨƳȳȵĻƳ棬߳۵ɫȷʵһĿĸо
Ȼɷ羰ˣеġ
׼еĿ羰һԼ״̬õʱɽֵ죬һӰɽд˳Ȼ˷ǰ
һԼʮˣһɫĽ£Ǿɵ
ͫ΢΢һ£Ѿﵽڵ۷壬ҲԶԶĳ֮ǰһƳ֮£ͿԷĽµһǴһСС˻Ƕ֮ҵıǣ
Ǻģû뵽濴ңԸһʿȻɳͨ쾳ĸԸң
һߵ˵
ܴ
˵ֻСûõġ֪ǰͻƵ˻˳һƷʿ޷һ㡭ûв´ĻΪڽ֮أԪ㣬ܹһ㣡
֪鵹ͦġ΢΢һ㶡
ȷʵ٣֪ǣԽսȴ޷ԽսЦŵ
Һ֣Ϊʲô⻹Źҡ
üͷҪ֪ݺңãҲûľӳһûҺȥأȴͨ쾳ɱңѵҺгûǿ
󵨣
Ļƺŭˣڴһ֮˻ʢƺ˶Ϊһ⣬Ȼŷ˹


11 λ
һκһͨ쾳ʿ֡
Ȼ֮ǰɵһͷһƷޣȻڷɴ½ǿҲǣ󲿷ʱʿܹԲƷ׵ʵɱޣͷ諳ǰͨ쾳ʿôҲпܲʿڷ˵ͬһ޴Ŀ顣
˫һϣһʵܳ˫У˵ĽصĻܣѸٽܻķѣһµĵֵҲѸٵ˿ȥ˺ͶԷľ롣
Ȼܹסҵһ
ʿЩ죬ȻЦ֪ΪʲôһҪ˰ɣļΪС򿪽ӦõġܻһǻʲôɣСȴʧ֣ã㻹ܻȥ𣿡
ʲôƨ߼ұݺûѵҵ
ŭҵСԼùײյأãҲҵĴ߼
ұǿ˵ģǵ
˲ΪȻͻƣһǵõһЩöĺöӦǼСģõˣ
ãããȻҾͺƴˣ
һȻ˫ۣӿķԪð˳ɫһʱ֮ƺʼ
ҲҵϾҲţһʮս֪Ȼϱȷ߳ȼܹɻܷȻڳһƴļƣҲòСһ㡣
ɫԽԽڣۼҲԽԽڣڼ֮󣬷˫һһ糾
һҪ֪ܹʹõķûôߴϵģĸֵĻҲƷʿܹ߶ķѵ쵽ĵزھܹ߶ڵķ
˲ҷɣȫķŹķ˹ȥ
˵˫ֽӴʱ˲Ų˲ԡôô
һ룬Ϳ˷תֵӰ
ɲɵڻںͶԷӲƴȻʵӲӲҲδػ䣬ȻһŻȥöԷתȦӣһԪ֮ɵĸɵԷ
ԣܼȦ˵֪λս֮ģԼзϵӳɣôҲܵӮɵĽϵʿʵݣݵλսľ谡
Ƕ˷ֵĵ·ϵģֻղһ֮˫ͽλã·һתֱܽ֡
ԼϵҲʲôĪ롱ĽɣŭһСƻ֮ͳӣʵ϶ʿ˵ЩϵĽɼûʲôãǣ̫ͻϮ
һӣһ׷Ѹپͽ֣ܵٶȼ죬ǽϵȫԼԪģһ룬ͲϧķԪѸٵ롣
˿ȻֵסԼһǳǻˮ׼ԼȶԷ߳ȼƳ֮ԶǶԷܹģ׷ȥҲضܹסƻС
˶ԼģԼҲġڻɱ諳֮󣬷ҲԼһƣǾΪڵĿռܻԴԴϵԪ䣬ôģֻҪһ֮䣬ӯԪͻ壡
ڳ˸󸣵֮Ԫӯ֮⣬ɴ½ĵطԿݽߣ޷ֲʿģʿǲŻڸѧԺ͸ҵĹΪֻĵطܹṩʯģ
ֻҪԼֻҪûдﵽڣûдﵽԪϢľ磬ôԼܹԷνܵñҿûܴ򣬱ܴûãֱֱܴܵñҿġǾǸ߳ʿˣ
һŭһʼûвʲôַʵڴȦӵʱʼˣʱ򣬷һһȻµĸϵͬʱ
ǷӦµµʱµսʽЩʩųʱǿʱʿֻ̫ͬʱƵʱҲ𲽵ɢ֮ǰʿֳֺõķʽϾ÷𲽵ɢȥҶ֣Чø
Ƿȴںһ㣬Ԫȡܹ֮͵͵ӼɢһַҲûкá
ˮӿ䡢ݽ֡ӿһʱ֮䣬˻ΪԼ̤ȦڱʮʿͬΧ
ȻʵһȼʩЩʱΪ˱ԣʩŵĶǶҲ޵ķͬʱһЩȻͬʱͻȻԣȴͨ쾳ʿͷ
ЧʧʱһƵޱȵǱȻͨ쾳ʵ㣬ǿᣬķֻһЩ𺦣û˵ȴЩϾЩôôΧ
ʱ򣬷ѾһԪתΪ˽ϵԪʼ˽ɱ
һ׼һǸո˴ȻһĲȴѾ⣬ο˻ɹ⻹ʿ֡
ҪǣڻΪȼģҲ̫⡣
ʵʵսѾڶ֮£οʱԷһ·ģϮȴ㣬״̬֡
ע
ֻһֱʱ򣬷Ųͨ쾳ʿжôɱ
ͨ쾳ʿǿϵĺ֮ûʲôЧҲͷľ粻йأӲޱȣǷֱӹעڣҲ޷̫˺ԷľϵȫܣҲֻʵʵһһĥȥԷķ
˲ʹ˻ˣȻʹ࣬ȴڲϵĳܣڵʿɲܳףҲ޷ʹ࡭
Ҳ̵ͦģֻʱȴʱŹҵۣô鷳
֮ž磬ľݶ˴꣬Ĵɼ֦ҶɵľٸսűȽϽľײô۶ϣû˶ľ֣ȻǷԿ֮սΧɨøɸɾ
ܺõıԼԼٶһߣˮÿһػһ˿˿ĥȥ˶ԷԪƿŶԷķ
ˣҲعһ֮˻һ³ģȴѾ࣡
飬ûдﵽڣĥ𵤵ʿ˵ϵ·ҲȲǵ
һϢˣ̾һȻҵС㣬̫ˡǸҪɱңûվɱ֪Ҳɼֻһѵѣҽһǰõ֣ҳϣֻҵñա
ŶԷԹ񣬷ûзϻֱһƻ˶ԷͷǿĻԪ͸Զ룬ƻڵһС
ֱûȥѶԷĻʲôֵݣԤǲ̫õĶǼ鹩ƽʱĵʯһȻ޴ȴҲҲȥʬ
ʼԼıܡȻ˵ڻڣڶͻƿǰǸǷ֮أ»鷳ֱܻѧԺȽϺá
һ·޻ٶܻѧԺʱʱѾǵڶ峿ѧԺ˵ǳӵĴȣҲڵڶͿʼ
ôǰˣ
˿ʱ򣬲ɵóԾһ䡣
ͻˡ
ٺһЦȻԼĴﶶһ諳ǣԺˣҵɵûɡ
ǡ諳ǣȻȻɱһ𾪵һ䡣
ͱأޣҲ̫ѶԸ
ЦȻ˵ҡͻˣ
һ㶣ȻЦ
ѹ֡ѹһ㣡Сӣʱ䣬Ľ찡ҪǹȥҲܽô죬ͽԺ˰ɡ
΢ЦԵ顭ʱ˵׼ġ
ģûݷҲûڵͻơһϲķļ򣺡úϢ죬ȾҪʼˣ


12 ȺӢ
ѧԺһһȵĴȾҪʼˣԺѧ˵ҲܹμһδȣĻᣬǺġ
Ѿ껹ûܹڵѧԱ˵Ҳһλɣ
һλᡭƺҲʲôأѧԱ껹ûܹڣǲμĴȣҲߵɣ
֪δȣĸܹӱʮͨȵģԺͷء
ѾˣԺĴŴ
˴δȵĲʱԺˡڴ󲿷ѧԱ˵ѧԺҲǺܿģÿ첻ڵʦָǳȥյزɱҪҵҲͦѣÿһȵĴȣͬҲйĴûᡣ
ԵȲʱ򣬼ԺѧԺӵѧԺſڣҪЩ˲μӣڽʱֵ̿ʲôҲ׷׵Ŀ̿ڣʯΪעŵĻѧԱ̡ܳ
˽µĶĲΪѧԺ棬ϾѧԺ˵Ҳ൱кôģʿҲˣ˾ԣʵķݷѧԱõ
ʱѧԺ⣬һƾ⻪֮ڿҫţһŵ֣ÿҪѧԱֻҪڴ˴ô־ͻ֮ϡ
֮·ͷӿӿеԺӣֻҪѧԺ֮ڵģǰۿǿĲǵѧѧԱԺĻ˶ޱҪǵ˵ѧѧԱʵôܻҪץסģѧԱǹעģЩûеѧ;μӴȵǡ
ǰμӴȵѧԱضԼʵţҪ֪ĴȻ㰲ȫЩҪ̭ѧԱضźܴԹһСģǰμӴȵѧԱͺпܱЩѧǴýϹѡ
ԺҲĵѧѧԱĵѧѧԱֻ֡
ƽˣǺܷġ
Ҳ𣿿ǺͻƽîˡƼ⼸Ȼ¼ѹģȴδǻƽĶء
쿴磡ҵʮӣһѧѧţȻڵһѧͱμ˴ȣԼŰ
ЦȻոѧȴͨ쾳ĺ֣Ժֻʱ⣬μδȣֻǲ˷ʱɡ
һƬ䶯Уһֻʮ塢꣬ȴʣһ΢Цߵ֮£ܿģ־ͳıϡ
ѧѧԱģΪֹֻˣʵǣѧľӢеľӢƽͳһԣһˮԣ۷壬ֻһʹﵽͨ쾳ĺ֣ȻոѧȴѾͨ쾳ʿ˲μӣ϶˵ѧԱ˲μӴȵġ
ƽ˿ֳֳ̾˳һѧԱ۷׷ף߱ѧԱӵŵ磬ɫÿ
ΪĶֻ֣һ˵ģԸˣͻ˳Ѿ˼ƻͻȻһ磬ھȵѹһ
ʧȥǰһԺĻᣬҪٵһ꣬ڻƽˣڻ˳ƼңǶܲʧ
ƼѾûܾˣ˳Ҳ֪ԼʣȻѧԺҲ޷ҫƽȻ˳ҪСʮ꣬ȴѾǾֻĸ֣ܹǰԺͼпܳΪһöӵĴڣĴڣһǷı׼
ƼҲһܲңȻûн˴ҵУȴҲһңǼûгʲô˲ţѾҪ䵽СˣЩҶǧƷʿƼõóֵĸ֣ࡣ
ûмĵĶ֣Щɢĺ֣ƽпܳΪĺĸֵĴڣƼȻҲ᲻
İɣܵܣһʵøǿġʲô˳ɫõĻƽ˵
ƽ˵ͷ̫߹ǰ˴ҵӵܣʵҲޱǿûʲôԸҲֻܴԼʵ취ˡ
ڻƽĥŸʲô취ʱ򣬾׼뿪ֳʱ֮һεֿ֮ǰӵȺŶʮŽ׵ǿʿ·һǼƮƮŷֿȺƮ˹
Ǽ϶ŵģһŮһϮ¹סµ壬һˮɫ˿˵ȫĹ˳ĳֻǼ򵥵һɫϵţⱦǼݱŮԵ˵ʵ޻
ȻʶѧԱȴǷĽ֮Ůһ˵ļ򵥣ȻܹԶ֮زġ˿֯һϮ£Աɽеܲʮ³һġ˿ټϷ使ߡزĻ佲ɵͷõ½κһȥĳǧƷʯļ۸
Ҫ֪鱦ѾƷʿȻûʲôãǶڵʿ˵ӿٶȡԪɡʱľͻƵʱħϮκһҶĶ֮͡
㹫û뵽㹫ݣҲμεĴȣ
Ц㹫ʲôݣȻҪȡǰԺˡǿҴһܹ谮Ĺ
ܳ谮˵㹫ͬҲǽǧҳԱõģ꺱Ĵľϵԣһ˿ʶûеľϵ֮壡
ֿߵѧԱǲûǷ׷׿ʼϾѧԱ˵ѧ֮ǰѾĹǶҵĽĽ
֮·ԺϣҲվңңĶǼһҾ
𾴲ǸҵģǶ޵ء
㹫Ҳû֣ҲվصĶϻһ
ܿģ㹫ǼݣûǼֱ֮ͣ棬ǸԶԶľͣӯߵ֮·ܿģ־ͳ֮ϡ
㡪㹫֣ңԼΪգһѾϹʱھա
С㹫
ʵȺ˳㹫ʩһ㹫΢΢ͷ⡣
֪УΧ۵ѧԱóһȦӣȦ֮ڣֻʣվŵļ㡢磬Լ΢վԶһЩĻƽˡ
ͨ쾳ļ㡢ͨ쾳硢Ļƽĳˡ
һʱ֮䣬бμ˴ȵѧѧԱ﷢࣬ĻᣬȻڿĸ˵ʱǻл
ڵĸҲ໥ĴţȻƽͳ˺㹫ԼʮٱһǾ綼һȻκһ嶼Щѹ׵Ķһϣϧ۰ͨ쾳ƺҲ̫ѵ顣
ĸѧţĸš
϶һۣ˴ڶԷпΡѧѧԱĻֻвˣҪ֪ѧѧԱУûͨʵԺģǧ˰μӴȵѧѧԱһ˵ˣΣѧŵһû
һĳŵʱһӰͻȻǸȦ档
ǸĴŶռݵȦ档


13 
ֲ£һɢڱͷʵԼͬòõĻƽ˱ԵôƽڣƽȴޱȻ߽ĸռݵȦ棬Ȼһһģ֮˹ȥ
Ⱥţ֪￪ʼЦ
Ҳˣ
ǸϲģҲͨȣ
ҲĻ˰ɡ
ҲվӣμӴȵģ繷ߣһľСʿĴУСͻᱻ̭ɣ
ҲˣǧѧԺû˳ԺģϳѧԺʿҲûĸֻоΪɣ
裬ѧԺĳ裡
עעˣڣһһ٣
ںЦУɫ˿˱ĳȻ׼뿪ֳˡĳЦѾ֪ˣСȻʲôݵģ˵ˣһһĶԿУвѧԱĶ֣͸ӲΪ㳰Ц
ڴһ·ȡùھ֮Щ˵ĳЦһȫ̽ȥ
ֻƺҲ֮ô뿪
û뵽Ҳμıһ¾ʹӺͻƵŰһʱôҲܴͻƵô쵽ҪμӴأ
ղĴŵ֮£û˸ҿǸСȦӣĳҲãû˸ұˣϾҪ͵ͨǸȦӣĸԺɢУûм˸ͨǸȦӱɡ
ȻȴɫĴĸм䴩絹ûʲôɫ仯ֻԴ͵Ŀ˷һۣ㹫ɫ䣬ûһעڻƽϣֻлƽڿһĻʱ򣬱ѾƵ˳ƾͽй˷ϡ
סԼȥ·ҳЦĻƽͣ˽Ų
ôҲܲμı𣿡
ŷƽĻش𣬻ƽʼԼеŭһһð˳
ϣѹʵϺܴ󣬶ڿѧʮӺ㹫μδȵʱԭշǳĻƽѹ͸ˣڣĳ֣ȴǸṩһй;
ΪôһͻƣܹμӴˣȣķܹĵطǵģҲ㲻Ǿʿˣʲôģǻڳˣһָͷһ㣡ϣõ㣬Ҫ̫ңĻһ֪ʲôǿֲ
Һ°
ͻȻԼؿڣŵ˵
ı飬ԭ䰲㹫Ҳ̲ס΢΢һЦ
֪ļһ
ƽŭһȻһ֣׼һССĽѵ֮ͥȻɱ֣öԷˤһŪͷҲ˵ʲô
ֳһǣƽľ˫ϵʿܲһЩȻȴ÷õľϵһ׳Բľͻأĳ֣źХֱֱײ˷ؿڡ
˿һ¹ƻὫײɳȥԺĳ׼ֹʱ򣬽ȴĿɿڴ
ССڷСȴһͶ㿪ԲľĳײͬȰһΣѸԼͻƽҵľ룬˻ƽǰ
ڻƽûܹӦʱ򣬷Ѿ֣ȻݺݵһǶ⣬˻ƽϣ
һڳ˵Ķ
һ죬ƽͷһ˹ȥ˶ͷĻζһ˹ȥҪĻ˳
˳˫ֽɹĵܵܽסˣȻɫһ䣬˲ŵУŵŵŵšĲͣ˺˵Ĳ
һƣĻƽ޵ֿĳ˳ȥôڵһƷʿ˳Ĳһ֮ǿʲôز
ͬʱᡰ桱һȻһֻ֪ۡͻˣû뵽һƣչֳ˽ͨ쾳ʵ
ŵǻƽΪһʿƽͬӵǿ壬ǷһƣȴֱӻķȻ޵ֿĳɣ
ѧԱһʱ򣬷ƵջԼĸ첲Ȼ˦£̧ͷϵǸӦǷɣ
㡣һޱ˵
һ˳룬ֻǱѧԱ˽¶ŹϣǲҪǣѧԺһйصĵط
һңڵƷϷſԼƣʱסڳѧԺֻŹ㹫һˡ
ѹڳÿѧԱͷŭ׼һгֵĻ˳ҲòãݺݵĶ˷һۣԼĵܵܣһԲתͷߡ
û˳۹⣬ѧԺĳϼȻ˻ôȽԼΪ߿϶ǰȫģףѧԺȷʵһйأͬʱǳȫĵط
ܿģһ֮١
ղ˭˵Ҷڵһһٵģ
˵Ȼ˵Ŀ⣬Ⱥеһӡ
ӰΪͻȻǿǰҪԼ鷳ء
ŷһһԼӲ㡭ǿɶء
ȴЦղ˵һһٰɣҲ˵κζע
⻰˾񣺡û㹫һһһƽͳ˶һ塭ڻƽ½ˣһʮ
ǺãѹԼùھʮƷʯ
ڷһƷʯʱɵˡζĵѧԱûмǴӵܣѺעҲΪ˺棬޷ҲǼ鵽ʮƷʯѣڷһ־ʮƷʯҪûڻãˣӾҪһǧƷʯɱҲⲻôడ
ȿȣڡʵˣˣҲһʮǿ򶨵˵
ҲУֻҪҵĶעͺáɵʼ
ɲںԼ׬ƷʯֻղżȻѾ֣ô͸ɴһЩı֮ǰƣҲǺҪģ
ղܹ֮һƾͳɻƽڵʵսѾԶƽ֮⣬Ϊǿ֮Ϊԭ򣬱е쾳ʿҪӵǿѹԵ֮£Ȼͽû̫Ļƽֱӳ˳ȥ
Ӳ֪ʱһ˹
ĶעҲȤءһٿƷʯѹӮ
֪ʲôʱ㹫Ҳǰӳһ
۷ŹĴ˴ȻĶƷʯ¶һĵЦݣû⡭㹫
һٿƷʯףӾԼҲʧˡ
Ȼ㹫ôˣôСҲ˵Ȥء
˹ͬʱӶһһٿƷʯѹӮ
ԽüЦͶעԽԽɢԽ׬˵Ķע֮ʼѿĿͶˣϣҲԼѹһЩ
˵ûĿ⣬˵ʵڿ㹫綼μδ֮;ԼûʲôϷˣټϷһƾͳ˺ԼʵµĻƽѾ򶨾β͵һЩֵľˡ
һƺܾʣҲõεĹھ΢ЦŶԷ˵
ҲʵҪһЩǣĻᣬƴһУأͬ΢ЦŻشһ䡣
㹫Ŀ˷һۣȻתǼݣ֮Ĺ뿪˱ֳֻһ


14 
ѧԺеԽ֮ǰϹĴѧܶѧԱƽʱЩµģԵһЩŵʱҲʹرĿ졭
֪ǸμӱεĴˣ
ǲȡǸϲ񡭡
꣬ɲô˵ʱƽҲôƵģºô
ôϲ߿£ܸʲôƽĸ֣
ٺ٣²˰ɣһƣͰѻƽԶǸ磬ƽʱԺĵĻ˳ڽܵܵʱҲײĲ
ܰɣ
ҪۿҲòܡҹţпѾͨ쾳ʿˣβμӴȣǴţ
Ǹϲ񣬾Ȼ㷭ˡ
ţҹǵõʲô˵һֱװԼûͻƵӣ׼δһ˵ġ
ԭҲ̫޳˰ɣ
ĶԻһ촫Ժ˲²ⷽһֱԼʵ˲²ⷽǻĳִУ˲²ԺķѸٵʵ
һУƺͷûʲôϵڳ˻ƽ֮󣬷ͻصԼľŲʼȴŵڶĴȿʼ
δȣձǶپʮˣ½˲һ룬ò˵㹫ʮӵĲȷʵѧԱǺܴѹѧͨ쾳ʵ֮ӣμδȣô󲿷ѧԱȡ̬ȡ
ѧԺҲЩͷۣϾڴѾԶԶ֮ǰĳԣСϢƺѧԺ׼ıȵıʽѧԱѧԺμӲͬĴȣԱѧԱǱΨһĻᡣ
ֻıķʽҲһˣĴȣǧľţֵܹģֻΨһһ˶
ڱʱһˣһƳ˻ƽ֮󣬷ƺֳΪǸƽӵΪ֮ţֻȴǳΪѧԱǵϣԿЩŵϣ
ڵѧ껹ûܹͻͨ쾳ﵽڵѧԱ϶ƽǲЩӵܣСҩ壬ؼѸٶѧʱѾͻƵڣ󲿷ֵƽӵѧ֮ǰûʲôӴЩģֻǻһЩǳţԳȷʵɫƽѧԱ֮⣬ܹԺĸʿǱӵҪ͵öˡ
ڶսУֻѧѧԺṩʽƽӵܣӵмҴӵǰҲᴦ·硣
ӵܣϾųɶܹԺƽӵܣֻ嵽ɣ١
ϣҲеռݣڱʱҫ۱ֶ֣ƽӵǵģ
˵֮ǰڱʱ򣬵õĶǳЦĻôһ֮ӵѾʼö
ԼľϢһϡۣͬʱڵԪҲڳӯ״̬⼸Щţڻ͵ĴսԼҹܻѧԺ͸֧ٵľھһҹĺ֮ķٴαȣ³ǿš
ǵǸѧԺ¼ţӦеɡ
ûз壬Ǿƾһ˫ȭͷһϵڽ죬ҪΪԼһͨ
߳ԼľʱԺѧԱҲ׷߳ԼľһһȵĴȣѧԺԺѧԱ˵Ҳһ£Ȼ磬μӴȵģȻ׼׼ܶľˣûвμӴȵģҲϣȥ֣ǽҪѧԺȥصԼļ磬һصΰٻɵʦ˵ʱҲһЩҫʱ
ɴ½ͷԽĵطӱ˵ʵҲû̫Ĳͬ
ֻǸ磬֪ʶͽǮıˣ½ɵĽȣıˡ
ԺλѧԺΨһһ߷֮ϣ߷ߴԺԺԼԺĳǾסʹĵطڸ߷ɽһƽϣԺѧԱƽʱʦĵõĵطڣǱԴһƬһƬأγʮ̨Щ̨ͽǽıء
̨֮ʱѾĶˣѧԱڣѧԱĴȺӣȴ˷ܵıĿʼ
ڿʱ򣬴ѧԱʼηڴŷÿ˵·ڷӽԭԵĸ̨ʱѧԱȺв֪˭ͷߺһͣ
һƽѧԱȭͷߺ
ͣ
һҪùھε
Щһˣ
һ˲䱬ĸߺѹеѧԺܱɽԾԳɽϢİ¹׷ܵ˾ţ̧ͷ޹Ĵš
̨֮ϵ΢΢üͷȻԺԺһֱܺãƽӵܻӵܹܶദòȻԺȴءԺԺѧԱԺ͵ģӽȥĻôѧԺûʲôô
˵ͣʱ߶ԺĳǣĿ˵Ļ֮󣬲ɵͬʱͷ
ѧԺҵѧԱ鲼˵ǶĻʯҲ֣ƽӵܵĶԽصĻȷʵӰ쵽ĸ
ϣǸڴвҪ㹫ҵʮӣȻĻĶءһϵ˵
һ֪صˡҡҡͷڵǵģ˹ǿЩƽѧԱѾΪϣżҲͰˣһЩ̫ƽضǵԹرĴ󡣡
ƽ⣬Ҫƺƽ⡣ȷʵǶĸƽֺγǣ߽ʿ棬ǳƽǶǶδȣС˵ʲôһԺѣȻ˵пһЩȽصĺıƣڱС
˳Ĭ֮˼һȻܿģվֱǸȥֺĵԺԺ
վʱڳ˶ǲѧԱΧ۵ѧԱ̧ͷվڸߴˣݸ߹㹫Ҳ⡣
죬ѧԺԺһһȴȵӣ߾ΪµѧԱھһĽԺЩǶѾˣôҾͲٷϻˡ
̨µѧԱǶЦƷʿͬǣȻҲվ½۷ʿ֮һȴ˵ʲôϻڶгףѧԱǰҲûʲôӣԾ˵ѧԱҲԵ÷ǳɡ
Ҫ˵ǣԺֻ޵·ϵһ·ǧԿΪʦûܽԺѧԱҲҪΪ֮źҪ֪ܹѧԺѧ꣬ѾǱʿվһߵĵطˡǧǰûܽԺѧԱѰһɷһǧǰͬһûܹԺѧԱһҲδܷɣȻļ磬ȴɹɵˣһǧǰ
һ˺üӣû˳ԺȴѧԺ֮ĵطɳһ춯صĴҵˣЩǰ¼ѧԺѧԱ˽÷ǳʱٶࡣ
ѧԱţû˵һ̣ƺ˸ңȻһһֱûʧ
ƽҡǣ̫ˡ

ڣȿʼ


15 ֮塢ľ֮
ʮ̨ʮ˴飬پʮѧԱеһı
ʽܼ򵥣飬ÿСˣͬʱ̨лսܹվ̨ϵģʤߡ
ĻսȻܲпᣬǿǸ˲ܹЦ󣬴ҶԺѧ˭ʵ߶ȽʵǿǸˣһʼܵ˵Χ
ģʽĹƽҲѧԱ͵ʦ飬ȻȵĳԾǴвѧԱǸʵǿģܹЦôСˣҲûʲôǰ;
ҪһǧһҪѧԱŸʲôΣֻѵ»ܹӱѧԱԺҪѧԱ
ԺԴĽۣ˶ĽۣϾڴУͨСһûκģֻЦǸˣܹõΪĶ
ȻܹǰĵĻôǺܲģǰĵѧԱлԺĲرȥѡһ϶ܹõϵĵرÿѧԱܹѰҵıͻƵڣҲѧԺЩѧԱŴǽԺ֮ΪʵԭԵõλ̫͡
˫һѾƵϿŵ֮ʼһһŵ֣ÿһŶˣˣһžһС顣
ʮ˸С飬ֳչսڱ̧ͷ֮ʵеˣ˿̶ͬĶ
ҹעģʵǼʲôС飬ǼûзͬһС顭
ֳˣڰС飡С˿Ҫùˣ֣Ҳδܹͨ쾳磡
㹫ҲˡʮС飡Ҫڵڶֲܿ㹫˰
ֿˣƽͳͷȻһС顭˵ʵӦǲµģƽոձ̬»⣬ҪֵĻδǳ˵Ķ
أôû֣
ȻʮС飡һС飬Ҳһ̨ġ
·Լ֣ҲеЦãһ̨Ϊ˵Ľɣ
ֻʱ򣬽ʮ̨ϡ׼ȷ˵ڵڰ̨ϡ
ʮӣϵţ硣
˵ʱ򣬿լķӡ޷赲Ϯ
˵ʮʱ򣬾ѾնɱһϵޣҽԷķϵѪԼڣΪ˴ķ֮塣
˵ڶһֻ㹫Ǵĳһϵ
ѧ֮ĹӾΪ˵Ľ㣬Ҳֻ㹫ѹסһֹâ
Ĺâڴȵ̨ϣҲޱȵҫۡ
̨ͬѧԱУĺ֣ĺ֣˴һʼʹ˹ʶڱʼ֮ͬʱ֣
ѧԱˮϵľϵһϵһϵһʱ֮䣬̨Ϸˮ𽻼ӣ賤˪
Ȼˮ飬ȴͲ˷磬ղ˷磬ȴס磬Ҳ̲磬͸硣
ƺ˷УѧԱô֣һƬ½Ƕ
ҼҴ޺ۣ
ڶһ֮ץסᣬ֣һƾͻһѧԱؿڣϵѧԱֱӻɳ̨ѧԱأ˿ȴѾɥʧ˽ϣ
һ֮˹øȴ޷һëܿģһľϵѧԱҲڻսаһƣʧȥ˼ʸ
ɵѧԱĺ֣һ뿪˿ʼǹͬأȻһȥʵ˹룬ʱҲٶǿʼǿζǿҲͬżǿı¡
ŵĺֱɳ̨ʣѧԱǶһۣȻͣ֡߳һĶѶ赭дһһɣʣûκʤϣ
̨һƬȻΧ۵ӵ̫ܲ࣬ȻչֳѹԵʵҲȷʵƽӵܵѧԱķڷ
ڰ̨ʤߣ磡
һҲǵһСеһʤѧԱչֳѹԵʵ
˸ҾȻƮ̨֮󣬵ʮѧԱǷ׷̨ʼǵս
΢΢ͷǸѶԸĶ֣ǴϵʿӸղŵĽоܿȥ磬ٶȲڷ֮£Ҫ磬Ȼһս
̨Ĺ򣬳һʼʮ֮⣬ճһ̨Ͱ˳ȥһСġԷ˵ҲЩΪȵ̨ʱĶǿܺõĹ۲ĳ֣ʵȻҲһҲܹЩǵı֡
СȻûֳ͵ţȻҲǷǳļңȻμδȣôѧԱѾһжԺ¶ԶûбʲôϣҲδУչֳԼķɣ
ΪҲУֵóƵһˡ
𽥵ģ˳ɹļֵСлʤʧܣҲѧԺԡ
ܿģڶѡˣ㹫̨ͬѧԱ໥һۣԥӦòӦһͬ㹫֡
⼸ѧԱ֪˾֣Ҳ޷ͨ쾳Ķ̫˺ϾĲǶ˷ܹԽսɹģһʿʮһʿرѡ
⼸ѧԱԥʱ㹫ˣ˼ɡҲҪá
⻰֮󣬼ѧԱһǵģʿӦñ׵ȨţȻ㹫ǶҳԱȻͬҲʿеһԱǵͬѧ
ʱԥǶ㹫أǶӡ
ѧԱͬʱͺ𣬽ͬʱ㹫ȫ֣
㹫ûһĶǲ㲻ܣһ˫ܷܷ赭д̧һߺķһ𣡡
һ˻ֵľͻأĴ̨ͻΧ㹫ֵѧԱǰ
㹫һֱԷ˵ķȫʹ֮ٻľѧԱҪѾˣͬʱ˵Ѿϣ
ͬʱһ֮£ľѾΪ飬Ȼȴž޴ķ֮˲Ⱥǫ̈̄
㹫һ³֣ȫ
ѧԱʵβ룬ߵǸѾͬʱʵҲȫͬȻ㹫ķ֮ȴǡôĽѧԱͬʱ̨صʱ˿ɳȥľ룬һģһ
Ƕôǿļжֵʵ͵ֿȫޱϸӦķԷȥһ֣ȫ
ĳֱ㹫Ӯøɣӵǿ
Ժ㹫ʵѾͨ쾳˰ɡֻҪͻǸؽڣܹﵽˡһϵ˵
΢΢ͷǵġСѾͷ츳;ˣľ֮壬ҿɫĻ档
˵仰˵תȺĬķϣţ硢㹫֣ҲҪս˰ɡܹڵһ»ţܹ֤ļֵ
ʱķǿƮȻ̨㹫˼


16 ùķ
ʵǣ㹫չֳģȷʵѹԵʵͬʱǺӣ˶֪֮ǰ̨ǵĳ֣ȫʵ
ԶҺҵĵ̣㹫϶һ쾳ܹϵķܹչֳսͨ쾳ʿҪǿɣ
ѧԱǷ׷׾̾չֳʵȷʵڿ㹫磬Ǳδţַ֧ѧԱǿʼģܹ֮ӵУýԺΨһһ
Եǣ㹫㲻μδȣҲܹ׵ͨĽԺȻǲμδȣΪ˷·
ҲǺܶƽѧԱԭֻΣֵرԶѡ
Ȼ·ƺֹֻ
ǱδŵĻƽͳˣΪ㹫ϵĲΪģֻľȻһС飬С飬ҲΪ˼Ŀ㡣
ڵ̨֮󣬻ƽͳƺѾĬǲûһʼͽһ𣬶ͬʱѧԱ֣
СѧԱҲǻĺ֣һգ۾ͱƽͳ˸̨еڶرзִ磬ֻѧԱˣȻΣƽȴƺǳĺֱӽѧԱѪɳصʱѾһϢ
̨ѧԱ󻩡
ƽ̫һЩüͷ˵һ䡣
ǸҸոͻˣԣЩղáƽһ壬ɵĻش
ԭߵѧԱƽĻɵöסˣ̨ϵĳҲЩԾĽĿͶ˻ƽϡͻˣƽͻˣѾΪͨ쾳ʿˣ
ֻеһ΢ЦһԵõӣ˿һۣ˼
Ʒʿͨ쾳Ҫﵽͨ쾳Ҳ̫׵һ£Լޱȼ̵ľ֮ٲϵԪ̼ԼĴԣǿһֱ㣬ﲻĵز֮󣬲ͻƵͨ쾳ʿ̫̬ܹ侲Ĵһϸڣ֮ǰֳ侲ƣ㹫ͬʱʲôʲôĶַɳ̨ⶼͨ쾳ʿ֮ǰʿɫĵط
ǿôͲĶԪҲʹõøӵǡôͨ쾳ʿһܹԪԼķҲʿǿ˶٣ʵսУȴҪԶԶĳʿ
˵ıҲЩɲԺڶѧѧԱУͻƽһֱڽϾһֱǲ£֪ⳡܼ࣬Ȼʱƽ˵ͻˡԼʤϣ
ֻôͬѧע֮£ҲΪԷһ仰׻ƽûͻƣô֮˵
ǽˮ˫ϵͬʱ߱ǿĽͳɫҴķҲϵƻģҲ֮ǰͻƽռϷ磬һ½֣о˻ƽĽ
Ľƻƽϵÿηײƽľϵ˵壬ÿλҪĳ˴Ԫ
˫ֻһյʱ䣬˾Ѿ¶
ҲúܣӲ˻ƽһ̨֮ղ⼸½֣ȷʵƽʵʵҲò࣬Ȼ֮֮ϸȷȷʵʵչֳͨ쾳ʵ
Ǹ챻һƳԶĻƽһҹ֮󣬾ͻﵽڵ۷壡
֮ĳ˵ûоʲôˬȻ϶֣Դ㹫μδ֪֮ԼûʲôǰԺˣȻʱ䣬ѭ򽥽ĽԺһ̫ѵ顣
Ųûбֳôʧĳˣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷʣ緽ң㹫磬ֻҪܹƽһ̬ʿ·;Ҳ̫ܵĴۣпܺ
ǻƽ֪жʿƽԪϴ壬̼пһҹ֮ͻƵͨ쾳ģֻǿԽĽӰܴ󣬳˵ĻùھԺܿȡĳЩܹ֢ƷܹǿӰ졣
ĳ̶ֳ˵ҲǹעһˣƼңѾɽˮĵزȻҲ˵ķ
һ뼫̬Ǽ塭ƺеΣա
˼ŵʱ򣬱ڼУƽ̨ʱԶķҲע⵽Ŀ⡣
ͨ쾳Ķ
δȣǰδеļҰ
ǰֵƽѧԱ˵ڿʼЩΪ˷ˡϾΪֹѾͨ쾳ĺ֣Ǽĺ֣ͨ쾳ʵϸּҴķܹչֳսԺ͵ͽ״ʿᲢۣȻ棬Ȼţܹ֣Ĺھ
Ͼֻһᰡ
ԳŵУڼϵĽУŲͬѧԱСߣҲǾһսܹߡ
ĺбһͿ쵽βʱڣֵ˷ĳ
ʮС顣
˼ǣֵʱıҲϵβͬѧԱ̨ʱеĿ⣬ڵ̨֮ϡ
̫ãͬģˣˡ
СʿУڷСˣһɫʵϣ㹫ŲμӵĻھģҲʿ֮ǰĻƽͳ˶ʿֻǼĵ̸ãǸҲﵽ۷壬ŻᱻΪ֮ǰš
ѧԱȻûдﵽ۷壬Ҳ붼вˮ׼ΨһǷȱģûЩܹǿʵķֻԼʵʵȥս
һҲΡ
ѧԱΪ׵Ǹε˵Ҫ֪Ȼһ𡭡һ׺ϻķõĻܹȥĳֵģڣҲֻ˵Ǹˡ
ϻ
ʣѧԺѧԱû̫ȻѧԱҲǺͬһѧ治ϤԷ
ǶԶ֮һС壬Сһ𳤴󡣡
Ϊ׵ѧԱûֵ˼ǺϸĽ͵ǸС˻϶֮ǰ֪ʲôһֱ֮ǰѧԺĸ߳ʱǶǱʣԽǴѧԺ
ʱ䣬ûѾ˲ˡ
̾һ䣬֮ǰΪǰѵһţ޷ҲʵѣԷ߸ˣһѧԺ֮ǰûҲﵽиõĳѧ֮ǰͿʼĻͻƵڣҲ̫ѵһ°ɣ
߸ˣСһ𳤴󣬶ڿʼ֮Ҳ˸ԵĲص㣬֪óķһϵġ֮Ǿ͸֣ΪգΪҵ֣硣Ϊ׵ѧԱ
վһĸߴѧԱſڣҽף
𡣡
ľ
ˮ
𡣡

׽ľˮǸķˡЦ
ûͷ
ҲһЩ֮ɫ߸ͬʿҲģϾͬ˵޵УҲûһʮľ飬ȻԷ߸ˣһϵǴСһͬϱضޱȵĳɫãһֻ֣ͬǿ˺ܶ࣡
߸˷һС飬ƺҲù˼㡣


17 ϵ

˫ָ߾٣뷢ţƣһִĵ绡ͷ֣˳ƣŷͷ
תȻʧԭأ绡̨ϣ̨˸󶴡
ڷʧʱҲʧ˷Уһ̣˷ǰ·ϣֳȭŷ˷š
˫һϣ˶ԷһǾͷһµʱʿͬʱһ
ľˮֲͬķ໥֮ȫγɸţֳصĴڷ̨ĵ汻ðȥһ飬һֱҳɢȥʱǲſڿӵ׷Ӱ
ɣ߸˺ܹԸͨ쾳ڵĺˣȻǿҲûдﵽͨ쾳ٴȥҲֻĵ
ſںţӽֿʼڣѾκϻÿζĬԶ縺סͬٶķǸʱľˮͻͬʱ֣ÿζֻܱ
ǻԻĽ˫ʹõĶѧԺĻûκεƿԡ
Ψһ˾Щֵľǣÿΰػ֮󣬷ܺܿٴγ֣ƺԷ˺ػܵʲôһ
Ȼ֪Ӯ˷ҲֻһܹСߣһһĽУǵʵδвʲôĿޣڻص֮ǰҲϣܹһοԿҫĻ䣡
ԾҲϣܹõھһӣʱҲԲһʼ˵Լʲôط
ӵ׵ķһ壬ȻվѾõ鲼Ŵӿӵ뿪ӵף̨Ҳʼ𲽵Ļָԭÿ̨Ǿ÷ӳֵģ֮ԶԭȻĻѧԱǷƴԪɵƻʮ̨ƻġ
ҪӦ֪ûʤϣ
ĵȰŷղ⼸γ֣ȫ޷ܡٴȥҲܵ˺ġ
Լ·ȻЦ
ϵȷʵܺãֻȻĬϻķʽҲȻӸ˵ϵǽϵϵϵǡڸΪս
ôܹﵽЪ־㹻ˡüͷ
ģˣʲôںһܹ𵽸õЧϡЦ
̨ϵĳͬʱɫһĿŷȴȻʧЦСӡֿʼƭˡ
硭һ֣һˮƾճֱ֣ӿˮˮҲʾ̧ͬٻһˮˮѸٽӽȻײһ𡪡ˮǻһȫŵⱻײ˹ȥ
нС绡ˮƣߵø죡
һٻһܣӲĽˮӰнȻⲻ͵Ϯѣ׵ˮУҲҵķ
ǡأ
ٻһЦϵʿķǿģҴĳ̶ֳ˵ܿ˽ͬΪʵ治ŷһܹԼ
ȻȽ쵽ġǿ磡
зٻײʱ򣬽ŴѾȫʧȥ˷дȻֱͣüǰ彩ӲţκεĶ
нп罣΢Ц
ಡһԼĽ⣬ʱһĭ
ôںһ𣬲ܹиõЧ΢Ц˵
̨ϵĲٳ϶Ѿվֳģǽںһ֮ĸǿЧҪ֪ԸղչֳʵˮҲǿ˶٣һ֮£ܻһͬĸ֣֤ķܹܺõںһĻܹչֳԽͬĸֵģ
Ҳһ˻νʮأһٸأǳǧأ
뵽һϰͬϵʿͬʱһ龰ЩѾңڵĳҲɵøеһ˿սԼֵܹסһ
ܹϵһͬ˴˲Ӱ췴ܹںһΪԪǳڣԼ֮䵱Ȼܣ˵ĻķҲںһֻ˴֮ų⡣
ҡҡͷΪҺԺ˾ûһ𣿴ӷѧԺĵһǾͿǹˣϧǣֻԼһ㡣
Ǿ
һһǲĶ֡޷ͬʱ߸ģ
ܹóڷǿ̶ϣûбˮǿ٣ܹһܶԷҪԪ̫ѣ˺Ļ̫ܻ߸
Ҿǿ
ЦҲͬʱԼע֮ǰзЩԾС˷ղŷγ֣ȴٴ֤˷
ٶ֡𾪵Ŀ֮£˫ſһʵʵԪӿȻͷɫ⻪
׽ˮľ
ɫ⻪ųֵʱμΪУľ׽Ϸ𡢱ˮμһҫ˵Ĺʣ
̧ͷһĻ澰Ҳ¶˾֮ɫ㹫֮ͬɫҪ֪ңڵĶʿҲû˭ܹһ㣬Ͼ½ط
ɫ⻪֣
ͷзӿŷ֮ʱɫâʼڻң㡣
ٴУͬʱ׼ӦĽ
óҪôĻǾһ
ʵϣҲȷʵˡ
ֻĽӴķ֮ǰȽӴģǷϵĽ
ͻȻųޱҫĿĹʣĹʲĿȻڴ˵еʱȴǵޱȵ𺳣ǡǿһλµľһƴķɵһ
ʱǵԺͬʱһը졣
ϵԪ֮ƣ֮ѹƶ֡
ϵԪ׽Ӱ޼紺绯һ㣬
ϵ壬ϵʴĹ֮ǰѾʼˡ
飬ͺܼˡ
ӿѭķҳȥʱ򣬱Ѿһ˥ٶߵˣֵֻ˷һƣǵĽѾȫ飡
飬ͼˡ
ŷӻ߸һһ̨һ̨̨°һ˲ű˾޴Ļ
ʵԿ߸Ĭʿȫʤ
ʤķʽֱ̫˧ˡһ֮£˽
Ȼ硢㹫ԼƽӮôɣһ˲ĻԻ֮£֮ǰûͷҲҪ˽һ¶Էʵѡ
ʵͨ쾳սһϵ˵
һϵ˵ͷδȣϾĸˡ
˲ÿɷ񣬶վԺȣΧԤѡȫΧʮѧԱȥлָɾڴ˴ЪϢѧԱԻع鱾ӣٻᣡ
˵ôһν֮ѧԱǷ׷׵뿪Ϸ壬ÿƽѧԱ뿪Ϸʱ򣬶Է߸ߵĴָҲ΢Ц⡣
ܾʵıݡ
ߵ˷ǰȻűȷҪСһ꣬ȴ䲻ףϣл档
лġЦȻڸ̨˸λãϥ
ı֮ǰҲԺȫĵطΪһֱȽ뿪˴


18 ԩ·խ
ҹĻ𽥽٣ϥڸ̨֮£û˿ĶҪȥָڵǸռʱṩԴԴϵԪ䣬ҪģֻԼһЩõ״̬ӭӵڶı
Сгߣһһֻ̭һʼҪõھսʤĸ֣ܹľ
ҪǷɡ
ս鲻ȱȻ춥ʿ־飬ȴǺ㣬ҲΪʲǫֵܾ̂ôʱԭҲӦӦЩߵȼʿ֡
ͬʱ֪ʲôԸ֮ǰ˴ɱȴĻˣȻҲ֪Ѿ˷Ͻ췽ĳɫ֣Ժ֮ǰչֳֿ̱ӣܻ÷һǱĵƽĳ󡭡
ԤϵԺѧԺڣûж˵ȫĵطˡ
ϰ٣ֻа˸ֱΪķҺǼңþΪضң˴ռʿĳɣһȻΪԼĵжԶȷʵһܿµ顣
Ψһ˰οľǣΪֹֻǺĸж
ǰ·࿲ȴ˿塣
óܷɣĵ·ϣٲ˵ģҺǼڿԼǰͬȻһĴڣ޷Ҳ·ϵСС谭ѣ
ŵķ𲽵Ľ붨״̬ĵӿͷϢ֫ٺԪؼǽ֮ڣѪ֮䣬ը죬Ƥ˸ųȻɫĹâԺȴޱȵƽƺڵȫӰ쵽һ㡣
̨붨΢΢˫ۣ˸̨֮µķһۣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ĽȻͬȴй֮УĴһڵʿϣȷʵҲޱȵ죬Ҫ֪پ絽˴ڵʿҲδܹɵ룡
Ǳޡϣܹ˳ĳɳ
΢వ˵ļʶȻ֪ڽɴ½ϳֹʮλ޵⣬һĶˣеΪ޷ֻ֮أеڸвڼ֮ʱͷΪǿĻɱЩɾޣ磬ȴ޷ﵽߵĲΡ
ʱҲֻڤڤеϲϣܹ֮ǰЩǰҪһ㡭
һҹ޻
ɫʼʱ򣬷Ŵ붨˹۾һ˲䣬Ŀ֮һ赯ʱ
Ŀ֮ʱΪճ֮ʱ
³һվȻתŸ̨ϵһף΢ЦŰ˰֣ʾ⡣
ĸУ㹫ߵĻȻöᣬҲżĻ˵һѾǾƷʿҪ֪½ƷʿѾ۷Ĵڣʿǰ˴ʵҲгʮܽһʿ߻֤ҵҪԺ͵λ
Ȼˣܹ֮꣬ӵͨ쾳ʵʹ֮壬һ˿Ҳ顣
ڻƽȻƼѾûˣȻΪƼϣ绹ǻƼʣµޣƴҲҪ
ֻзûбûк̨ѧԺܰȫĵط˭ܱ֤һû˶֣
˲Լľѡ붨ǳĿǡ
ʵһҹܵ˱ӻģ˷֮⣬󲿷ֲƽѧԱѡȹҹ
ɫûвѧԱҲ׷׵ĸϵյС֣һһ̭ܹʣ
СвɱʮѧԱѧԺԺڵѧԱһԱ
ڴ󲿷ֲѧԱ˵ܹСгߣѾĳ̶ֳܹСгߣ֤ǵս޷ԺҲܹڶı߾Уһ൱λãԼʵ
޷ѧԺ죬ôҲһѡ񣬱ϾھȻΣһЩȴо÷ŵġٽʯҪǻصȥִӻǽʦǾͱھиһˡ
ڰڣʮѧԱھһҹϢ֮ȫվ˸̨֮£ȴ̭Ŀʼ
ҲûзϻǴһӣһֱڿе֮һˮʮѧԱ֣ĳ˾ϣҷУԡӦģ໥ֵĶ
ԺȣһһȵͷϷȻֱֽֿܹյĶĽκ˵ƽ
ʮѧԱ֮Χ۵ѧԱҲ⡣
ܿģͳˣеĶʱѧԱǲķһ󾪺ͺЦ
Ķǡ
ƽ
һ֣ĸˣ
ǻǷͻƽʱ˾йҵĳͻʱڵһ־棬ʵģһ˽ᱻֹڼǰĵ·ϣ
Ҫ֪̣һ·ڴ˾ʱ򣬽һͬս£ʵ˵ʤˣʱ棬ģҲһС
ǡãͻƽҲʮѧԱ䲻ġ㹫㲻μδȣǵĽٶȣܿҲ˵ʵԺʵǿҲûдﵽͨ쾳ѧԱܹ̭ȥĻᣬ̭Ҳûʲôźġ
ֻзͻƽ䲻
ƽͶĿʱתͷĿƽĿŻƽ
ƽӹһ˿ɫ֣һĶ
΢΢һЦûжԻƽʲôӦĺܼ򵥣ʱٶ࣬ǰ׷ѵģؼÿڳϵı֣
챻ĸֻ̨࣬˰̨ķʽһģһһȥ˳
ͻƽĶԾڶʮĳеĵʮ˳ҲǱȽϿĵط㹫ı֮ǰ
֮ǰıеҲǲܹ̭ģǲ֮Ȼģֻˡ
ȳս㹫ɻ˶ֻ֣Ͷ־ɲǾͽԷ̨ϻ˳ȥ㹫ֻһоͽִ̨˳ٽһ
ʮ˾֣ܿ͵ˡ
̨Ǹ̨ճʱֵ˷ͻƽ
ƽһ̨ԭز˫ȣ̨Ȼһֲ£Ϊڱܵ˵ķԵȫõģȻһ࣬ȴԵƮȻٲȻ
̨µƽѧԱ׷׵ĴΪźƽɫЩ̫ÿ
û뵽ķܹٽȵͻơһƣҺÿ࣡ƽĶŷ
ͻ飬ʱҪԵֵģ㲻ҲڴȿʼǰһϾͻ𣿡΢΢һЦһûϲء
ƽŷøˣ˶óƽͻƣЩֵģпǸĳֳصĴۣûлùھĻĴۣ˵Ӱ쵽ܷʱԺ
ڷĻǽƽԭеĵǣٴεļ˳
ôҲҪ㣡ȻĻͷҲӰ쵽Уƽҧ
ŶѵھûӰ쵽𣿡µĵ
ƽҲ಻סеŭ˫һͺ


19 è
ƽʱȫ¿ʼðɫĹââǴؿ͸ģžͰסȫڿеһɫĴһ㡣
ԶǼ֮Ϲս㹫üͷһ壬¶ɫ
ľϵҲˣ㹫һɫȡľϵ٣ʢ֮⣬ķҲƫһ㣬Ȼ㹫䣬ȴȻһɱ֮ġ
ɫŵԼ
֮ʮ֮˾ųԲľľҲ൱һУ˻һ໥ų⣬㹫һ̵Ļƽʱ¶ı飬ҲȻȻ顣
ƽСӣûôǿĶзͷתͷһ΢Цĳϣ΢Ц
˹Ļƽƽ˹ٶȲ죬Ҳ˼أһǶҲǻƽ޿֡
֮ǰɱһͨ쾳ĺ֣ǺҵۣǸʱʱͿռϵƣ̨ϣ̨ȻܴȴҲ޷̫Ļռ䡣
ֻһ棬ľһķգҲͬǶصĿǡ
һֱڿеĻƽƽȴܣֱӺһײһ
һ̣ƽʹ͸һ𣬻̹ûκεֱ巽
һ棬ƮȻɡ
ƽԭվĵϣֻһƺ𶯶ûУ˵ˡ
Ȼһ̣ΧѧԱǷ׷׷˾
ŻƽصǸ㣬ۿɼ̹Ȼ֣Ȼ̨ʼѸӣ
һ˲䣬ɫӵ˷£һżٶһ棬ƶʮɣŶ㿪ɫӵķΧ
̹ȥƽЦݳϣÿ졭㲻ãѾж𣿡
ɫ˱䣬Ѹٵ˸ðһŻ⣬档
һȼգӷðŵζ
ôԼ壬ȫ
ƽҲûг֣ЦĿŷһֱȵչ֮ŵԴ֮أԪİɣΪܹٴΣ
ȷش𣬻ƽԼؿڣڣֻҪ֮ǰע㹻Ԫܹϵʹã鱦Ϊ׼ģ㻨һµʱ佫ÿԪȫע뵽棡ȻĻΪǶǿʿһƾܰҴɣҪڵԪȫע뵽Ļƾ㻹ҪҴɣ
̨µѧԱǷ׷׻Ȼѹֻƽ챻һƾͳˣԭĻƽֻǸ廨ͷ
üͷĬƽĴЦٴη޵̹⣬ֳ˷
ƽٶȲ죬ȻխĿռ棬ÿһÿԼĶر鲼̨ĶӰ٣ֻ֮ôܹ׵ȴǼԪġ
ƽ̹еʱͨ쾳Ҳ˵ֺǻƽģԸİ취
սǿսʽǧ򻯣зϵʹõöǵӦ֣սУ߳һȼʿԷ֮ԵֵҪ潻ֵĻƽûаܹܷڣõսȫĿס˷ƣֱӶԸƣ
Ĵ򷨡ЩΣˡ
һϵƽνһķӣȻַȴڹ֮䶼˲֮أȫ̹ΧƵʱ򣬲ͨ쾳ʿûַֻʵȻҲ޷ƣ̹ɢȥʱ򣬷Ҫôأ͸˻ƽ͵ʱ䡭
սû취Ըͨ쾳ʵȫǿгֹԼж֮ѹסȻͻƽⲫ»ƽΪľ˫ϵʿҲǼɫҲûʤĻᡣ
ȻԵһʵǧ򻯵ķûʩչصʱ򣬾ͺΪһŶָţ
ͨ쾳սϾͨ쾳ʵ
ڸ̨ϵЩǿƽսνõĿ˷Ĺ̥
ƽΪδ˺ܶĹ򰡣֮ǰųӦݿĶ֣׼սȻҲôƷһ
Ȼ츳ԲԼ㹫ƽҲǿ֮ˡ
ҺǼҸһӵǽѧģڿԶ㹫Ͳ֪ͻƽô
һѧͨ쾳ʵѧԱ¶Ҫ㹫Ӱ֮ˣ
ųѾѻ⳶ȥ˱ûκεı仯ѵΪ䶨𣿿˶Է˽⣬Ӧò־ܰ
ԷԸ񣬾޷ƻƽķ㶾عĺܴڿնľʱ򣬿»Ƹ۵ĲԼûж˹ȥѻƽһ˵
ʱ򣬷ȴֻڶȻɵһģŻƽľ籾ߡ
ӽˮ𣿻ͻ֮˷䱿ˣ
˿ŶеΪżʼע⵽һ㡭
ÿζܵʱ򣬷˫ֶڲϵȻջ裬ֻƺÿ󷨾ʧһ㣬ûгκεЧ
ÿζʧܡѵôԪģСӣϲ𣿡۾ŷסÿ
ȷʵԼķԸƽ̹ʧƽʱҲһõĵطֻȻܴ󷽵İһڳ֤˻ƽķ᲻˶صϮǿ֣Ҫ֪ľϵֻǻƽһԣһǷǿʿ
ľǿķ㷽ȫҲ޷ڶط֮ǰ֣ܶȵطս½ƽҪܷҲһ׾ٵ飡
һ㣬ǳѡһ취
ƽ˵Ѿ㵽˾󲿷ֵϸڣȻһȴ㲻ȥģǾǣʵͨ쾳սȻܹԪѾڷɴ½۷ľƷʿҲδܹȵù
ԷÿһܹﵽĹ޷ڶʱڹƻƽķأʮٸͬʱأ
ÿ˵ĳֻܴﵽʵͬʱɵɱҲԶԶһ˲ܹɱ
ȷ˵һҩޣȴÿӵɱ޵ǹʱ޷ƻƽķÿӵȥʱ򶼻ḡգȻڻ۵㹻֮ͬʱըôܹԶԶӵܹɵɱ
ھôġ
һһšӵʼƯڿУıܿ˻ƽڵλãÿζһεӵƯڿС
ãԼڶԸ۵ʱսʽ̫ʺԼصˡ
ƽʮĿŷһһεĶԼĹȻһһεԴأϵЦҲԽԽŨһʿֶܹ֧֮ã
Լ˺ܳʱ䣬Ȼ֪ʿ֫ٺȫ򿪣ܹɱ֮ǰöԪɳ̶ȱϾ޶ȵģҪڸĶأҲǷǳľ޴󣬻ƽϻԼĻŪҲĵòˣ㷽Ǹ̥ٴΣ
ƽʮĿŷֻͷèڶֻѣ


20 Ԫ
ǻƽĵڰ˴˻
ٶȶ㿪ţٶðȵĻ棡
Сְܼͦڻ滹û˥ĺۼ˲𣡡
г̾ţ̨µĻ˳ЩƵüͷʲôʱʿҲܹôԪˣǷ޵Ĺ̥ܹԪԶԶĳͬʿ
˳ģ֪ǶôǿȻΪƽĸֻܷӳڵһҲԲڵʿܹ׶Ըģ٣˳Ԫ֮ǰԪݽߣ
ʤֻʱѡ
ܷһĻҲڽ֮ǰ㹫ܻƴһǰƽҲûϵƽѾ׼˶Ըǵս
ڻ˳䶨ˣҲˡûǫ̃ܵϾ͸ɵֻҪܷ޷ѧԺһ»ҰһʿƼҾûˣҪʰһʿǴ´ġ
ڻ˳ŵʱ򣬿ȥռ˾ƵĻƽȴ˲Σ֮У
һ𣬷ȴûжֱվԭء
ƽЩ죬ΪǷѾûˣҪһ
ڿеĻƽ˴Цô㲻ˣҪƴ㻹ƴ𣿵ȻˣһʼƴҲֻаƴķݣ
ʹôϻһ
һ̣ƽֱײ˷ȭͷϣǱʼ˵һϵĽӴ
أ
һƵһۿɼ˴ײ֮ɢһ̣ƽͱһȭֱӷɻԭأ
֮ĻƽŵŵŵŵĲȻ̹ɢȥʱ򣬻ƽȴѾ˲ĴЦ
˰ɣ˵ģͬԪһۣܣȻڻôһ֮㻹ɢ𣿡
ƽԼؿڣĿŷЦ
ʱ򼸺һˣڸղŽӴһ˲䣬˫ķһ˽ľˮԪ˻ƽڣƽҲԼȫ֮ȫע˷ڣһʱ֮䣬ܾˣ
ֻ˿䶨ˡԭܼ򵥣֮ǰأضѾ̫Ԫƽȴ͵ģֻһʱ⣬̶̵ʱڣضδܹõֵܹסƽĽ
Ȼʱɫ̵ķȴЦ
ǺǵЦţЦ͸¶ޱȵɺд⡣
ˣʲôЦģƽһˣһʣɲǶԷĻ֮ơ
ֻЦӦƶû˰ɣЦ
ȷʵһˣǾܶҲ޷ڶʱڹҵķ
˵ŵĻƽƤʼ𽥵ıɫӵʿͷ۵ģΪǳ׻ԷȫֿĻĺѸɵǡ
ľľҪķǺء
ֻķǿѵǿù諳ޱȼӲ𣿡
㡭˵ʲôƽʼˣҪڵԪΪԼˣȻ֮ǰͻڵȴĴȥһʱ֮Ҳ޷ԷԪľٶ
ǰڻɵһ諳棬֪ôɵ𣿡
˵ţ˵ʱ̨ϷʼǵĻų֡
ĿɿڴĿһĻ澰ԭƺʲôûе̨ϿգһһŵĻ棬ϰţΧڻƽܣ˷εΧס
⡭ôܣ
ĿɿڴĻ˳̨ˣһףȻôܻ飡
Ҫ̨ʱͬĵʦסԺÿԺҪ飬̨ΧػȻޱȵܡ
Щ򣬶Է֮ǰ׼õķԺֵǣΪʲôܹ䣿ⲻ߼˵Ӹ̨Ʈ
΢΢һЦȻ֪⻰˵лչԼû׵ʵһתԼȫΪԼһԭܼ򵥣޷ģ֮ǰµķǻ򣬶ǡô˵أұԪ
֪Ǿޡ
˵ĻʱٴﰵһǺ磡֮󣬼˵ȥ
ǵģǾ޵ʣҵԪڵʱ򣬱ɫģҰԪΪ硯
磿֣δ֮ʱֺ
ˣԵڿв·ʱɫģƽײеĳһҲκεĸо
˵ѾȫڵĶأ˫һӣȵҸıԪԵʱȻͱôĻ򡣡
Х˴ĻƽڻĺУ˳Ҿķʽɵͷ諳ġ
һ˲䣬öӲ˻ƽϣƽȻѾ˷׼Ȼһ֮£ڵľԪѸٵıɣһöڻƽؿϵʱ򣬻ƽҲ಻ס⽻ӵԪڳɳȥͬʱһѪ
һʱ֮䣬̨µѧԱ˱ɫ
ʿڣأ̫ܳѪڻƽÿʺ죬ֻ֤һ¡Ǿ˿̵ƣѾǷǳˣ
ƽˤ̨ϵʱ򣬷Ѿߵǰ֣ץס˻ƽ½һͰȻͳŻ˳˹ȥ
ܵȥ˰ɡҳ֣ҲǺء
˳ɫ࣬һԵıŻƽתߡ
硭磬ҲҲİ
ԵĻƽڻ˳˳ҧأɫѾȫŭ⡣
ġܵܣһ취ȥЩ֢ôҲҪΪǻƼҵĶǲŹģ
û֪ʧֵܵ뿪ʱ飬ڳľ󲿷ѧԱڻţΪ˷
ȫѹƵ£ͻȻʤƺҲǵһˣСʱֺһΣΣֺ
´οҪӮʹһ㰡
̨ѧԱ
Ц
У´ȡӮʹһ㣡
ĺһ󻶺δУѾƽѧԱΨһϣСһ̭Ȼߵõײײȴ˿ޱѵ£ͦ˹
һߣȫʤսʱͻƵͨ쾳оĻƽչֳԼԪ̨УܹӰٲµԪֱǾѵ̨ս
ٳﶼڿϧϧϧķֻߡޡԵķʹãȻĻַܹģƹ㣬ֱܹ߸еʿս֮ģʽ
ϧֻзһá
ãֻзһá
ȻַܹƹĻ½ʿ֮ս»ӵĲпᡣ
ʵͨ쾳鱦ʿչֳʵ˳Ծ
һüëһץƺѾϵֻʣһĳͻȻǱòĹھҲӦøṩһԺĻᣬȻĻ̫ϧˡ
ȴҡҡͷȻѾμδȣôǾͲҪһĸˡѵ£ĥõʿãֻ֤ϵ˻࣡Ҫ֪һʿҪﵽĳ۷壬Ǳǲġ


21 ҹ
ˣǳ翵飬Ȼʿ˵ֶȷʵĴţɴ½ϲֳʶõʿȴͨ죬һ·ĪĽΪʿɽĴڡ
֮ǰ˿νǲ˼㣬ΪһƽҽѧԺȴһһֱ޷òͻƣȴ޷ĽԺֻܲμӴȣչֳʵĴжžԵİܹùھģǽĴѳ̶ȣȴǽʮ֮
ƺԶԶ㲻
ʿǻһЩù飬ȻܹùһֱǿͦԽԽµĻôǰ;Ĳ
ƻᱻסȴõ˴У֮⵽˴٣ȴٴͻƵԵɣȥͷ諳棬ȴõһͻƵıƷÿδѣ÷õͻƵⲢʲôżȻ
飬ȴܻ޾֮·ѵʱ̣Ҳκһ˸ϾֻҪܹͦͻ֣ᷢһ壡
ȵգӮ൱ʹ죬ԵһϵʿùʿνţҪ׹׹⻹ûܾۼͱԷɢżʩһ㣬ֱֵܵԼҪܷķû¾Ͱ˳ǰʮ
ȵգûչ仯ǧķý̿һĻϵһͬΪϵʿھϣͶԷͬȻڷϸ΢뾫֮ȴȫѹס˶֣ɵĻʤ
ȵգƺҲԽĺáĶǰһյıȻսʤȴ˲ˣһֱڶ춼ûܺãɴûгսʤֱӽǰ
ǰѧԱҲ⣬㹫ԺʮŵѧԱһȱΪǷϲķǿУ
ò˵һ˴۾Ľ֣Ҫ֪ڱʱ򣬷ʿνǵ׵ģͬĺһץһѣȴڻ˰ͨ쾳Ļƽڵĸ·֣֮һͬľ
ž֮յٽѧԺȴȣҲԽܵ˸Ĺע
ӴһʼҾеĹעΪ㹫μ˱δȣʵҲһڴбֳɫѧԱǸܵģûܹʵսչֳ̫ǿֵòĻҲǻкܲĵطȥ
ʼ֮ǰĿհڣʱҲᷢܶ顣
û뿪ʿڣʵϾͲôҪʳˣʯÿĵıƷȱʯϼҲġ
һ㣬Ҳû˾ʲôֵģȣе׶εʱҲûһ°ֶΣܹõõı˶ġ
㹫粻ҪѧԺıȴرҪ
ֵò
΢ЦŶԷıҪֵúһ㡣
һģϾҲΪԼЦ˵ʵδȣ˵Ҳһ飬ܹôʵӽȫԸĶ֣˵ѵõľ顣
ûĶͨ쾳ʿǵļضܹǵʵӽһƷز鱦Ϊͨ쾳սʤʣҲ̫ߡ
˻ߵһˣֻʲô룬һһƴȥˡûԸԳĻùھҲʲôź˵ʿ˵·ӦǺܶġ
Ǻܶ࣬ǻùھõ·˿ŷ˵
ôŬܴﵽĿ꣬ȻǺãﲻĿ꣬ҲֻǰҲʲôʱ˷ںĵĺͺ档
ĻشЦķļתȥ
Ծϸ̨ʼ붨֮󣬷ȴû붨ٹ죬ͻһ֮ǰҪͼ̵̨Ϊ֮ãͬʱչÿĴȾҳԱǰۿʧҲܹһһݲĲ¡
ͷǿգԺȴĸֳ֮ǰǸĪĿռԴ
ɵ磬ѵҲըۣǷһֱ˼ĵطֻɴ½ʲôӵҲͱĶˣҲɴ½ҲǴһ֮ڣֻչķ͵һˡ
ڷͷ죬ը龰ʱ򣬸̨֮ϵˣȴ˫Ŀ
ʱҲҪ֪Դӽ֮ҹû˴ˣϾǲԱͲᵣԼʲôΣգ㹫ֲҪܵӻ˸̨֮ϵˣֻʣ˷һ
˻ʲôģǰԺȵĲԱֱ֣ǶѧԺս
˵ʱ򣬷΢΢һЩ졪һ֮ͣٲȻʿվмģҵӣ磡
ƮƮһȣʵǳҹɫУƺҹɫ
û뵽ѧˡվ΢Ц˵
Ͻв֮ɫȴɫ糣ѧһڴˣѵį˴ǰЯƣѧʹ֪ѧɷ
ҹɫѧЯټļѧôܹ֣лѧܵĺ⡣Ц
ھʲôֽšҪҲԼ
һӦ¶˿ĵЦݣȻתͷһʾһ£ͿʼԼĴͳһһĶ
Ų̋ţ̳ƣСˣ˶ѡ
ϥҲ̧־ĿԼֱߵ̳ƣ֮ͦġѧЦѧҳƶѧԺ⼸ҲûʲôöܺȣҪ˵ʲôѧҿǲݰһ׼ġ
ѧȻ˿Ҫ˵̳еʲôҵҪˡ
緢һЦʵһ̳ͨľƣʲôֻλӣմѧԺС̳ƶѡ
ԼǰľյﵹһȻЦһΪʿȵľƣҲӦĵر죬һھͶʯ֮ء
ô鷳ĵرԼ˲͵ˣʲôģĪеԪôͬԼһƣ˷˵ܡҵʿȻϿҲʧ˱ġȾûʲôôȴ죬粻죬㳤Σ
˵úã⻰ҵθڣΪ˻ţǻţȴΪЦžеľյͳ仰Ǿ͵úһ
룡Էʾһ£Ȼһȹ˾յеľˮȵҲ
ʿԼĿƿνǴﵽ˷޷ĵزҵľƶҪ΢ͽδ֮ĸܵĻͬҲܹܵ
ǿԷɵģΪڣ֮ǰĻȷʵ֤һԽˡԷԼȫ˼ʼһһĺ
֮ǰûʸ񣬺ԵǣΪ֮һʱ˺磬һȾƵʸ


22 
һ̳ƣʮʿ˵ҲǾöôѣʵûãѾ̳Ӿƺȵøɸɾ
ƺãҲá
˫Դ룬ûҺǸƵĸоҵһκһӵһȾơѧܣôپƣһסб𡣡
Ҳ⣬ȻȾƣҪ˵ĸоҡҡͷȻʵҪ̫õġ
ŶЦĪҪˮԣ㲻ôɵҪҷˮĻͲžƺһһˡ
ûѧǻΪκԭǳˣҲһȾơֻѧ㣬֮ıΡˣҲ֮һҲҪҵʿҪոѪҺ
˵仰;Ŀŷ޷Ӧһͬ⣬ڶǾܾܲеַӦ
ƫƫ˵ַӦ̧ͷʿпʿöԷɹĻΪԼʲô
תͷʿһۣƵʣѧ㿴ʲô
ʱӦе㷴Ӧ𣿡ͬƵʲôүĻᣬǰٴĸ֮֡Ļʱ˵İ
̲סЦʿһЦõģôҲͻ˴ڣﵽ˳ڵĶʿ⻰˵ǷЩΪĿĹһ
һҪֶΡòֹסЦɫϾҪѣſͣūšѧ⻰Ҳ߯СĴˣ
ҵĴɫо𣿡
Уʾһ£һٴͳһ̳ƣ˷ϡ
Ŀ⣬ȻɫһھƣҾ㣬ܺһȾơ
˵֮󣬷̳˹ˡȥ֮һ
翴ú󷢣һ֮ͬڶ̳ƣͬȥ֮һ
ڶڣǾ㿴ңҿʿ
ĨĨ죺һڣһŵҲκˣԸΪ㻹ѣֻҪ֪ұؽ߾֮ȫΣΥģ̳ͬ
˵䣬̳֮ƣŸ첲һգ̳˵ϣ˸飡
ң˴֮һΪϣѹյأӻһ
Լ֮£ֲ֪ңڸֶʮλĸָǳض޷Ǳþˣٹ̡
һ֣ɴ½˵繷ߣͱ˵һڵʿ
ڣһڵʿҪΪȿЦ³çȻûЦڵʿûЦ̨֮붨ˣҲûЦ
⻰ɣȴһɣ
⻰Ҽסˣһ졭ǰлվԷ˹֣ҹѧˣʹ˱
ˡ
ͬ˹֣Ȼƺе㲻òȴ֪ʱȥͣǲŽԼСЦ
Ŀ뿪֮󣬷ܿľͰ֮ǰپԺ󣬼붨
룬û÷һ˿ȷʵɴ½Ͼ󲿷ֵʿҪǸ˭ѣȻȴٲֵۣܹԼ뵱ǰߣ뵱ߡ
٣ҪһڵĿԼ
һȥʱ򣬾ʼҹ
ʱһһĹȥҲʼΪⳡȤȻЩʿμѧԺȵʿʵνǲֵһᣬȻ˶֪󲻹ʮѧԱܹѧԺԺĴнľضеš
ܹѧԺģض츳꣬츳УܹԺվģҲǳ͵һȺ
ǣҵˣ˴ҵļ߾ͳ켧ɭҲˣһʱ֮䣬ѧԺԺϼ죬Щ˻϶ǾƷϵĶʿͶ֮ŲɽĴǵĵѧԺƺܵ𺳣
ÿ궼ʢ£ѧԺҲ㹻׼ӡҵ˽Լ߾ͳ켧ɭļʿѧԺפܹѧԺģ̫ࡣ
һֱϥжǿʿѧԺƺ޷ܵʲô𺳣Ǵͳ켧ɭѧԺʱսĺһɱأеѧԱܵɱϮһֱ˳ֺͼɭԼƲƽȴһֱϥ˷粻
˼
ɭһЦѾͷҵСӶرҲˣȫöСӾȻҲɱӰ졭δȵľԱ˲ð
죬ȫѧԱһûأֵߣӣǲһܣ
𣿡ɭ۷Ź⣺ѵҴܣҸط
룬ȴַˣûʱ䣬ҪҲȵ֮СҺܿõģҵﱣ
ϧƫƫְɭֺʧСȷʵͦûõھĻҵı߾ȱ֣ȥô
Ҳ谭ʼ򣺡Ҹ˺ܿùھ˵ˣ;ܾҵľУҲδػģ
ôģɭЦˣǺ¡
Ʒ۷ʿ̸ûڶһ̸Ǿֱ͵Էڵʵ붨ʱȫۣ˵ٴҲ
ʱû˷ѣʶ붨ĥԼķ
֮Լ֣ȷʵ֮ļսУʼķһֺܺõķʽҲֻܹʹõսʽԪڿвһһ壬Ȼ㹻֮ͬʱͬǸ߼ĶǰսǲܵģҲǾԸƵģ
ʶģ׷θ¶ۼĳ֣θͷŷû֮ڿвɢ̫붨Уһʱ֮С
ûгֹھͣͲǰʱڲϵĥԼϸ΢֮ڵķβĹ
ͻڵʿܹģֻΪʼ޷ͻƣľķˡ棬Ƴֺ˷ʱȴڵʱ򣬸İ
٣㹫ź츳ͼرҲû̫İ취Ը
粻̵֣֣ܹģҲֻԼԴԴԪṩˡ
Ͼľ˻ս˻սһĶս棬Ҳ֪㹫᲻Ըľ淽Ѿ˰գͨ쾳ʿЯرһͬ֡
˵־棬һ˿ʤʶûУȻڵʿҲû̫Ե飬СĲûд󾳽ĲôѹԣҲûлᡣ
ֻҪǱԷһʱͻôģԼƷӵޣĥԷԪͻǷĻᣡ


23 쭵㹫
Ⱦһ죬ڵˡ
ʵϴȾһ죬ҲѧԺԺѧԺҵһ졪ѧԺ꣬ͻڵѧԺԺ죬ûͻڵģҲطȥһ죬϶ˡطңȥ
ҲѧԺܳΪʼѧԺһأǸṩѪҺĵط
ҲΪѧԺŻ˳Ȼݡ
ǧңڵʿ϶ܹĳ֮Ԫڽ죬ۼңڵʿռңʿһɣԼƵĻһƬͲң֮µʿˡ
żй¶һƣҲɽǷ۵ʱľ
⣬ɴ½۷嶥ʿǵ
ûɷҲĸ֪̾ԼЩʿԶȻĳ̶ֳϣȴӵ˱ЩʿøԶ۹⡪ܿԴǵ۽磬޷ҲǷɴ½һƬѡ
̨֮ϣȺӢͣߵģǶȻģھʼ֮ǰٷԡ
ǰҲѧԺԺһӡǣ겢ʲôţֻڱҵǰϦͻڶԺûвμӹԺĴȡôȥˣȻͻƵңڣȻûвμӹȣȴһֱǱһźڴ˴δеĳɼΣμӹȵѧԱȱҪ˵öࡣ
Ƴ룬ӺݻļȴԵ÷ǳƽ׽ˣ̨µѧԱǿʼЦʱ˵ȥһֱѧԺҶĶ֧Ը˴δ˳ԸѧԺҶ룬࣬
ڼ˵һ仰ʱѧԺĴͬʱ쾰ңڵʿͬʱľ׽𡢱ˮϷԴ߶ɫ趯ƾˣ
ͷſ趯ŵȻ֪ⲻֻʿԴ߶ĶѣҲֻңڵʿܹࡣ
㹫ѾˣһϮ£һȾӣ㹫ͬһϮվǼ֮ϣžĿʼ
һ֮ڵ˾ʼʱ
ܺڳңʿμӾѧԱʵԶȻңʿȴûһ˿ǵ˼ǻ϶ʵѾ޷ٽһʿˣȻĻѾɳɹֻڣˣȴδ
ܻȡϣܻȡȨ
ⳡһѧԺͷϷ֮ҲζѧԺһԲɹ
Ժվ˻սɽˣ໥֣վ̨ϵģյʤߣýԺԼԺܿһĽͣ
˵˻ȥڳеʿͬʱ΢΢ֱԼǸޱȵ̨
һһ̨վƮƮƮ̨վ˶Ϸ㹫ûκζȴ֦Ҷڶ𣬽ֱ̨
̨ʽչֳ˸ɫ㹫̨ķʽνʵ޻
ֻ̨϶еļȴ΢΢üͷ֣ҾȻЩ͸зСӡ
ڲһϵԪԼԪ͸ҲġԱŵ΢΢Ц
һ֪ڵʿһ۾ܿ͸ĵϸ֪ûУ̨ʱÿһɢԪȻڵԪȴһֱûм١üͷ˵
𣿡Щı۾Ȼĵ˵ͷȷʵƺʱɢԼڵԪȻڵԪȴһ㶼ûмѹ֮ǰԻƽʱܹӮ
⵹ǺֵڵʿԶԶûԪϢԳѭĵزôһģһļɭͳҲͬüͷ
۷ʿ䣬ȴҪ죬Ҳֻܹڡ⣬Ҳġȥ
Ǿͨ죬Ҳ벻ڻһĿռ䣬ЩʶʿҲδŵ飡
̨֮ϣļ㣬Ʈݵ磬ƽķվǣ໥֮䲢ûг֡
̨¹սĸ·ʿѧԱǵҲûżÿĴȵľͷϷһǺʵĽܹվģǳɫʿûͬʱֵ
ıУӮĲʵǿǸ
ѧ
ңңĶԷһ֣Ҫˡ޷ʱ㹫ֻ֣սѧս㹫
д⡣Ц
㹫ӹһ˿ŭ⣬ڵҪá
ȻͼεĿȫƺ˷У˷ҲȫԪѸתΪ˷ϵԪͬĺڿо
ž֮˵ٶȺͳֶǳĿ죬ССǵ֫ϣǵٶȺͳֶõ˳ɱļ١
Ƿϵʿص㣬ܽսҲԶȻĹֻƽƽص㣬ȴǺѱܡ
˵Ķó棬ּ֮󣬶ʼԶ
ǣһ׼ķϵʿȻּ֮֮һķϵʿһ㡣ǣԼСһ꣬ĽȣӦһֱǳģ£ڡϸ΢֮ȴԼ֤һš
˴̨򵽿УȻִӿд򵽵ʱ򣬾Լӵ㹫ˡ߳һһͬʱһµ棬ĵطӿһ÷޵Ļ
㹫˫ڻ֮Уһ󷨾ȫľԪӿһʱ֮䣬컨Χͬһܲգ
ƺԼһ㣬賤ܿռ̨һƬط㹫һָʼ賤Ȼ׷ŷͳ飡
ŭŮǿµģŭ㹫͸¡
һڿн֣һ߶ͬʱѰһԷ֣˶Լ߶˼£סգȴɺѴ˵塣
ֻ㹫ϵ󶯷ֲҲԽԽ࣬Է绹ûͻڵˮ׼޷ڿɷеģʵʱڿеĽ֣ǸãڻռԽԽС£ƺܿҪ㹫Ƶû·ˡ
㹫սʽӽʿսǺǿȻ㹻Ŀռʩչ㹻ʱôͼսʤ
ڵƺ
ŭ㹫˳ˮƽķӣٻѾռ̨ϿգͷֻĴأƺһ̾ͻᱻ㹫ܡ
»׶㹫Ȼ棬ȴദԺĸߣŮռƣкõȻܶ࡭
ӮĿԻϺܶడ
Цͬʿ棬ʿʵҲһܹһĴڣɱ޴ķʩչĿռ䣬͵ʿͺӮˣһʼͽʿûгֵأ˽֪ĳʶ
üڵԷ˵ȷʵ


24 ֣
СӺǸзСӣ䶨ˣ
ɭͳֹŵѾͷѾռ˾ԵƣҪӮʱ֣ȰѾͷͷȥҪӮôϢصĻУڻ໥֣ϣܰѶԷȸɵֱǰʤ͸Ѿͷ
˿ЦŵͷСӽʲôСӲں㹫ں޴
Ȼ޴Щ緶Ц˵һ䡣
һȺ۷ʿЦ̸ţ϶ⳡ˶壬㹫ѾԼķ߷˼ޣĻľ£һƷʿҲڲ֮أο绹໥֣ûһ˿ʤ㣡
֮ϣ߷죬ܲգԾڳеĿռߣ޺м䣬Ȼ˿Բ֧̫á
˵Ķһֱڵ裬Ҫ֪㹫ǿԷĳٵģȥǳûκεĻռ䣡
㵹ᡭȻѾͷ֧ţûƱڸĳٵģóԼȥ׽˵ĻǾ̫һЩͻȻ˵
ģȻڻСĿռ䣬ȴܹõĿƶԷĻΧȵ˵ĵòʱ򣬾㹫ʤʱ򣡡˵˵ͷͬжϡ
еķնյһٵĻӻҽһٵټ⴦һ㣬ڿкһɣǰ˫һһԪֱֱײţ
ͬڶܳٵȦӣһ˫зɳײ˷ĺԪ
ڿײһƵͬʱܵԷԪײͬʱȥ
ʱ򣬿зŵĳͻأĹķֳͬʱ˷ոӲƴһǣβ˵ļһ
һ£ƺǱɱһ
ͻڣ޷ڿɷ裬鶯Ҳһ㣬ǽһЩǿתƴһǣܵ˶ԷĳξѾȣ㹫ץסһ¾ѵĻᣬƱҪһͬʱ֣
ѾͷʱץƯɭͳҲ̲סڽкãǺǵЦҹԺжԶ˵Ҳһǳӵ飡
һ̣ȴһ
ԷϤ̶ȣ˿νߵģЩʲôƣҲ֪ڸղǵʯһ˲䣬ֻ˷ڱԷײƮȥʱ΢΢ĻӶһ£һɲϸߴз˳ĲСȡ
ûأ
ţ˳ԾĿУѾҪٰΧסķڿѰһͦȻڵһĳŷ˹ȥ
˵Ŀ죬쵽㹫ҲӦֻüڷٰΧȦʱʧһⲻܣ
ڳеʿԺתŵģһ仰
ں޽ĵط޷շе£Ҳ÷ϵЧ
ʵϣȷʵһ㣬֮Ȼ֮Խ½ķڸղ£ȷʵͻأĶ㿪쳤ٵΧ
һģе˿Ҳȫ£ΨһǿǷĶ֮ǰʱ͸ġ
ں罻һ֮Ȼ׳е˿˿ʱķûʲôɱȴʤӰΣ㱻ˣһʿҲѷ֡
˿סĽţһ˽ĵطһټİɿʮٵİΧ
ΪԸͷʱУ㹫֮ɾû谭գ
ڷзһ֮ͬӥһ㣬ֱֱķ磡
͵ùˡղһԤı׼ˣԲŷɿĶ㿪˳ٵİΧΧû׼֮£ֻǶ㿪һֵĳ٣ĳٳյģһûȫˡ
Ѿ˺ܶ⼸ֱӰðǣȻ㹫һʼֻóٰס֮ͳ̨Ȼͬĸ֣㹫ٿسٻӻʱҲǾȫ
ոջعʱ򣬾Ϳ嵽ԼǰķԼ¶һЦȻ˫һͬԵԪһ˲ͽڣȫһ𣬲˳ȥ
Ҳٿʼ㹫ָӳ˹֮Ѹ˫һ棬ɿ׷ȥָһǿԪȫɢƮȻص̨֮ϣ
ڿǿٶԪԼڵԪɢ˳ȥȻͿЦȻصòǱǵصһֻ̣֤һ£Ǿˡ
ҡͷЦķڷȻĽû·磬ڸղһ˲䷽ļսȷʵͨ쾳۷ʿʱ򣬶ռϷ磡
ֻʱ˶ûȥ뷨ˣǽŵĿ̨ϣȻղŷһϵĶ쳣ʣֱӽ֣ΣȴûнһΣУ
㹫ķӦʵڷֵʱѾӦˣһָԭΪɵĳٺ϶ΪһʼһͬһȺӿĶһ㣬ı
ڷ̨ʱ򣬳ٵǰ棬뷽ֻһɵľ룡
ȻתģŤ裬ͬһĳ٣
㹫ֻһַȻʱȫľϵԪѾȫעЩٵУҪץס㲻ȵһʱ̣һ
Ȼ֮ǰĲֱӰͷͳ̨ڵķ̨ȻԼͳ̨ǽȴһģʤֻ㹫һˣ
пռо룬ʿƣڴ˿չ
СӸղŵ̫ƯˣϧѾͷʱҲյú׼ûиһԼǰƯĺӣ̾һ䡣
㻹ǽƻԼ˿ˣҪû⣬ղŷܶѾͷһ˰ɣɭתͷˡ
룬û˿Ļİ취ġСһڵʵǺܳɫܻøءȻҲ߲СǶԸ߸ѧԱ̭ͨ쾳رĻƽû˿ĻҾԼڸղĻСЦ
һõͳ˧ֻԼѡս͵о֡˼ɡ΢Ц˵
˵˵ͷ
ҿ£ôʤ˾޴ԪѾͷռ˵ȫûлġɭüͷ
ǵģѾͷڵķܲٿʮ٣֮ǰܹжܵĿռΪѾͷͬʱԸˣڼԸһʲôĿռˣӲнĻᣡ
˵˵ûġ
΢Цֻڸղ֮ͻȻԷˣҪ֪ֻܹʧȥԺĻģ֮ǰ³çȴ㹫Ƴ̨ľ棬ľûпǹ𣿡
ͼɭͬʱüͷĬ


25 ǧ
ͬһĳ٣ٴοʼԼĶ㹫ǼȫעԸȻٵľȴƺûж񻯡ϾʱҪȥԸ硭
Ȼռƣȴ޷صġ
ղڱصõһİϳ̨ȻЩŭ㹫֮µ㹫ûʧȥ侲ûҪһٰѷϳ̨ץס˸ղһ˲Ļᣬεİѷѹ̨һǣͬʱ𲽵ѹŷĻռ䡣
ϵͼӲһͨ㹫Ͼͱһȵѹס˷ܹ²ϵĳĳͻȴֻͻһξ룬ͽűĳٸ˻
ڣٴκͳӲ˼֮󣬷̨һǣ󣬾̨֮⣡
û֮أûڿշķƺѾûκε·
Լȥˣ
ڷͷ˿̨֮ʱ㹫˹ĳҲʱֹͣ˶ֻȴңң׼˷㹫ûСҲʲôᡣ
£֪Ƿ񻹼ǵ̭ĵһ֣ôܻƽģȴûȥһЦһ䡣
㹫һ㶣Ȼ˹
һսǸ㹫磬̵ӡʵⳡ֮ǰ㹫綼ڷŷһ㣬ԴӱһʼͺͷʼԿûЩ顣
㹫ҲǼǵһģȻͷԹԵĽֺĴڵͬʱ㹫Ҳһ㡭
˵㹫ﻹвģһָҪݳ
Ȼȴһ
Ҫָ֮ǰѾ˫һӣţĳڲƵı죡
תΪԪĻ֮ײϳٵʱ򷢳
ǿҵıըдѣڲٿЩٵ㹫ͬҲܵӰ죬׼ٿʣĳٶԷȻŷٶһӣڿٴγĻ򣬺Хſʼ㹫ȥ
㹫֮£ֻٻ˳ٻסԼ壬һĳٲİΧס㹫ֵסĺ
ںͣʱ㹫ٻĳ٣Ѿȫʧ٣ڵɢȥʱ㹫ѾԼߵķ
ϵˡʲôʱôģ
㹫ʵһ䣬֪Լˣһʿһó˽ˣһƸͲʲôοٶҲִټ޷۷ֵ
šӵ̨һҾˡں罻ֵʱҲڲϵĲ¶һ˼Цݡ
µ粻ɵÿղڽֵĹǳȫģȫ֮¾Ȼôָо÷ǳʧܰ

㹫Ĳӣ˷һۣתһ³ֱ֣ӽ̨
Ȼʱ㹫ûһս֮ȻڸղŷֱܹӰ̨ȴûгֵ£ٳֻ˷Ҳ޷ڡ
㹫ƢԣҲԼķʽȡʤ
㹫ʱ򣬳µѧԱǲųһű˾޴Ļ
ƽѧԱĴһ·ѵ£еţΪĹھ
̨£һӻø飬ԭܼ򵥣˺ܶעȻڷҪȥһһʮƷʯ㹫Ͷעȴ׬
ӷǳлǱ췽ѹԼ㹫ҲͶעɣ׬һʣҪлء
Сӣ˳ԾȻȡɣǪ̇̄ѾͷԶ볡ʤҲǻ˶ķڷ̨֮ϵļɭЦ˵
ҲЦŵͷȻҹˣⲢӰ쵽ǰ;ǷѪҺ֮ϲ
ιǴŵǱ߾ôǱ߾Ҫ˲ŵģɭͳ˵
˲Ŷڱ߾˷ˣ۾һɣŲԺϼһҲһ鷳
ɭͳ촵ӵ۵ģҪԺԺƷϵԺһԼԼ򲻹
ڣˡѧԱǱԺȵĹھҲöԺڣǹϲ
һ̨ٶҵһ·Ҷڣʵͨ쾳֣һھʵ飡
οǽʮһԱݻùھƽѧԱǶ˵ζڣһĺ壡
ѧԱΪͨ쾳Ķ֣½ѵһ澰ʵţĳң跽Ʒʯٿ飬ܡ
еεıȷʵۣڼ˵ʱ£ľٶҲǱȻ飬½˲ɲ٣Լ£ĹˣǲһЦ
ٿƷʯҲǺܴһʲƸˣɭͳҲЩ㶣ҲǳңԼķصĻڱ߾һ꣬õٺ»޷Ҳ֡
ʲôʱôˣɭʼ
ƤӲȴʶشǧǡʾҶ֮⡣
̨֮ϵķŸ̨΢΢Ϲ񣬼ô󷽣ʼϲģȻˣһʺˣȻҲܾ
ͷգĳһǷܹԺһֱܶĿ꣬ڽ죬ܶĿڻһţ
ȻҲ·Ŀɣֻ˳ɹһкܶ·Ҫ
ڽֻԺѣԼ뿪ҴʱŵģźԶľ롣
̨΢Ц֮ǰȻᣬҲûʲô֣ûˡһ㣬Ҳ֪
ѧ硣
һСϷռһƣҪ潻֣δӮ㡣
ʼ򣺡Ӧ˵үһѣҲǿֻ·ԭɡ
ԶԶģ㹫˷һۣȻǼݣת뿪
ⳡ֮һʢᣬûоʹ˽ҡ͸ѧԺɲΪ˿ԺȣͷϷһѧıҵѧԱǡ
ԺԺԺÿ궼ǧѧԱҵԺԺǱ̭ѧԱ֮⣬ܹԺ߳ѧԱҲø塢Ҷ˲ţÿһ꣬ѧԺԴԴϵΪѪҺ
ûõھҲǵȴŸ·ѡѧԱ֮һʱҪȥѡˡ
ɵƯСӣûҵ
˹Цŷļ򣺡һʱҪȥԺˣˣԺľǱԺпᣡǸϼһɱ׶ˣΪԺҲúѣסˣһܷɣȻ˿̵ҫ˵ֻݼŵĹȥ
˵󼸾仰ʱ˻ȥԼЦݡ
ĵ˵ͷһ㣬ˮۣˣʱԶԶûܹɵʱ
ϧұ߾ģͷϷˡסˣɶʱҪԺ̭ˣǵұ߾ɭͳŹĶԷ˵һֱҪɱ˵ű졭
ɡ˶ԷͷԼɭͷ⣬Ȼ˵


26 ܿ
ԺȵĹھýԺһ÷ĽֻûĸѧԱѹԼʵμԺȣϾ׵ĽԺʲôúá
ʵܿҲûɶö޷ǾһЩܹõϵģʱǿԼʵķѡ˵ѡһ˳ֵķǲģϾֻӹŵûѧԱ뵽ѧԺҲͨ쾳ġںԺѧԺһ󾳽磬С磬ڽԺ֮ǰǿһսǺܱġ
һ߸˵һ߶Щ̾òֺȴ˼ϸʿԺ࣬ȻûйʲôȴģȹǶμѵʱ⡣
̨һ𣬷֪ԼѾԺûʲôϵˣԼͽΪԺѧԱ
Ժľ˵пᣬѧԱ֮Ҳ໥棬ʵҪ飬Ժ˵ԺźܴĲͬ
û̫𡣡
ƺ֪˿ЩʲôûתͷǼһĵԺѧԱļ𵽺ҪáʯʱıƷԺһʿܹģֻԼʵ
ԺǸʲôӵĵطüͷһ䣬һֱԺ˵Ժܶ飬ܹԺѧԱǾӢеľӢѧԱѾ̫ʺˣǻ뵽ܶѧԺĹǵӰ
ԺѧԱûбҵʱѾʼ£ݸ˲ͬıȥԼ飬ԺѧԱһִ״̬£ֻԺû̫Ϣ
ÿ궼кܶѧԱԺԺҲкܶѧԱԺ̭ʼԼĹȻԺľѧԱǻ϶Ǳտڲ̸
Ժ˺ǺǵЦһ治ݡҿ˵ԺѧԱҪĵطҲšԺǻԺӵ£ǱˣЩµԺӵܣԺġԺһɸӣɸǱѧԱԺ
ԺǸѻĵطԳЦ
Сӱģܿвõϵĺöúѡѡֽ׶սıȻԺСӿͷԵġͻȻͣתĶԷ˵
ˣллԺĨȥϵЦݣݵ
ĵͷתŷ嶥ȥ
ԺܿĶȻƷʿ˵ûֵ̫ȴҲʿ֮͵ġÿʿиߵͣռʿ˳ģڵʿܹսķʿҲǷǳҪġ
Դ½ĹԶԶҪɢǣҼʽװɢ޶ġ
һ·˷嶥˸ӡ嶥ƽ̨ϵʯϢĺŲ¶һڵͨ
ܿɽڡ΢ЦȻƷʿ˵Щû̫ãǶԺܶ˵ҲǺõģúŵĻȥҲе鷳
˵Ц˭齨һ֧ϰĴء
һ·ͨȥоڵͨ࣬ĺڰأֻǿ˶ûжѡ
ʵܣȲϽ֮ֻҪҲһ׵ء
˵ĻĬĬĵ˵ͷͻƵ֮ĸ֪Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ȻЩǿöϢȴԼܹоЩǿĴڡ
ûаһ˵ʵϣѧԱͨ쾳ѧԱڵȼѹ֮£ҲѲ˴ǵĴڡ
֮ԼҲ̫
һֱ߹һγɣɱķ֮ͨǰűÿûзеĺصĴţͻȻһռ䣬ŵĵطоͨ
ϵÿͨﶼһϵҲһЩɣû˻ġͣ˽ŲȻԷ
˵ͷʿ˵ȻǷԼԵķŻãֻһϵȫܵʿҪڵʱѡһʺԼõķȷʵͦѡ
ͷžͨϷ壬룬߽˻ϵͨ
ΪֹõӦֵķǻϵУ֮תΪϵԪݵģܹҵһǿϵķĻսҲźܴİ
߽ϵͨʱ򣬷ܵޱȵȡͨ࣬һһĸӣÿﶼһɢȻԪķͨİۣҲ֪һ֮ʮͨŵĻϵԹ²ʮ
ѹ˵ĸ齨һ֧ϰĴ˸ľ֮⣬ɢ޵Ҳ൱˵ģǴ󲿷ֶǷȱʵķֻսЩɢܹѧԺĻܽԼʵɣ
ѧԺˣǷҲĿ棿սǱþ˰
һţһĴǽϵĻϵ󲿷ַʽģڻϵʿ˵ǵķ޷ǵͣ͡Ļϵ󲿷Ҳ״
ͻڵʿ˵ǾܹԼԼıûͻڣûƷʿȴ޷һ㣬ʵЩ˵Ƿ˵һƷЩʽڽƷ֮󣬶ǻᱻ̭ġ
һɨȥҲûзʲôԼǰһķҲûмѡͨȥ
ڷ֮⣬ǸϡŹֵĶˡɴ½ḻѧԺǴһ鸣֮ϣѧԱ͵ʦ£ᷢһЩ֪;Ĺֶ󲿷ֶϽѧԺȡ׵ʯѧԺڲϿЩƷô֮⣬ҲڰһЩ;Ķȫռ
һ·ҲǴ۽硣
ĳֻɢĳӡǻŵģϵĴȥԷй¶棬һ鿴ƺõԲʯȴɢΪȵ
һ·ϡŹֵĶȷʵ˲٣мźܺ棬޲ôȥúоһ£ǿסԼûʱƣȰеĶһ˵ɡ
ҪͨͷʱĿǽɨȴѸٵĶһϡ
һĿⲢûпڸеǼͬСһ·ϣ·Աǿ۵ģֻǼҫŻ⣬һһ֮ϣ
𺡣
ѡϵڵͨǲܹ﷢ֻ𺡡кУľǻ𺡺ͽˣ
ڣһö𺡾ǰܴһ·
֣ȻǸӡȥʱ򣬿ûκηĸһˮӽеĽƣƾͨ
ʵϣûеõɵʱܿ⣬ҪκζҲķѺܴ
һѾץסǿ𺡣𺡱ĵʱȫһͻƣǰ
ֳŨҵĻ⣬ǿĻԪλðųͷϯ˹ȥԴһ̼ԲǿĶľ־ǿһ̶ȵʱ򣬾ͻﵽͨ쾳ʱ
۾ķ֪ǣĿʼڻʱͨʮϵ׷׵ķ˰֮ͷŷڵķƺһ㡣


27 һ
붨ʱлһ֣Ųʧȥټ
оΣ
ͻأԱߴתͷſԱһֵֺԼ
ͻƣܿ춯ʱ򣬾;ˣȻ˸ϵʱȴǸ棬ڱĿ붨ȫӿͬɶ˻һӿͷ
˼ʶ㣬Ȼ֪ǴͻƵͨ쾳״ǿǱĶģҲ֪ԭһ𺡡ֻǷȡǼ·ʱͻȻͻƵ
ľҲǺܳģʿͻƲǰͰ࣬˵ʲôʱͻƣϡŹֵľµͻҲöˣҲûдŷԱ߰ĵͻƽΪֹ
Ȼһȣȴͷ죬֮ͨʮԵ鱦ȫ˵İͷŷڵķаݷ֮⣡
ǧݷ
ûôš
ԺͷͻƵҲ̫һ㣬֮ǰķ׽ҲˣھȻ˶Ļ鱦ݷ֪ĳһϵʿԪ̫ǿȷʵͬϵ鱦ݷģϾЩ͵ε鱦ֻǿΪȻҲǻϵʿ
뵽Ժһ֣һͷԺ֣ҲվסˣܿģһţһھͨתһȦȻһǻϵ鱦չԼԷĳ֮ܿڵľϵ鱦һ̣չֳ˶Էĳ
˲ôֵŷ˵ϣ̫֮ˡ
оУʼøӵˡ
Цӷ˵ûӶ٣Ȼжȴ˼Ҫǣͨ쾳ͻ죬ֻʣһ֮ң
ѾﵽһߵļޣܿҪ̤ʿУ
ͨ쾳ԺúһЩЦ㻹һ̥ҪʱͻƣҪͻƵĻαμӴȣ
ԵδǿҲȻЦŻشһ䣬ʼԺӵĺˡͨ쾳ҲֻܹúһЩ𣿿Ժ淽ʽԺǲһ
ѡ۹ⲻܱǰᡣ
Ժܻܲһȥĵط
Щ˵Ȼ﷢˻𺡣ôϵǸͨ᲻нأڴ
Цˣ˾Ͳܻ۾һɣֹ涨ܶϷ
һԸķ̾һðɡʵҲֻһȨޣĶѧԺ˽ҲûȨѡһ
һлѡ𣿡Щĵʡ
Ժͻ֪лġķļڣ߰ɣٹһʱ䣬Ժѧء
ƲƲ죬Ҳ֪һδȣ׬ĺôѾˣܿﻹн𺡵ĻôԼлõģûеĻǸǿϾȵԼͻƵڵĻЩԼûκεļֵ
һ·߻ͨؼյʱ򣬷һ
ڿʼͲҵѧԱˡҪΪ֮ԺǸһɲô
Է˵ôһ֮˾ԹԵշˣϼ
ĿɿڴĿеϼ⣬ȻЦſ˿ƺޱɽĵ·
鰡ѧԱɽ𣿡
ԹһȻĿʼɽ
ֻոͻƵпȥһԭѾޱϤľɫԵô򵥵ɽʲôʲôʽܹݺͲޱԼԺ˳
ܹ㹫ͨ쾳ʿҲˡ
˽⵽ͨ쾳״̬֮󣬷֪Լ֮ǰܹӮ㹫磬һô˲飬ͨ쾳ʿޱ侲ܹԼļ㣬ԶԼͷ԰
ҲΪͨ쾳ʵʵսϲǿ٣Ļᣬ֮ǰļС߾ӵѹԵĻҲûֵ֧ԼĲ߻õǸʱ
һ·ȥһֱʱɽ֮ǰʱʱĴһôĵɽڣɽٶȱ֮ǰࡣ
ԭе˿Ѿ࣬󲿷ֱҵѧԱҵԼȥ˵λͷͷҲ뿪Щǵӵ뿪֮ǰѹֵգѾȫʧ
ҵ˸еģÿʱҲѧԱǸйʱ򣬺֮ǰׯղͬǣһ𳡣ѧԱǼһһʹ񻶣й
мһ˻ڽʼԼĹһǽԺ죬ܶϤѣһ
Եʱ˲˵ע⣬ʱķνв˹кȥһȾơ
Ҳ飬ʱǷݵʱ
˹ˡĺȵһƣǰ߸ĿеƵļһȻЦǵô
ֵܣΪ׵ʼ򣺡С߾Ȥ֮ϲ֮ǻǾصԼļ硣
Ϊʲôһ£ʿ˵ûԺѧԱõȥΪЧǾȥ߾ȥЧҲǲѡ񣬺ѡص硭˵ѡˡ
طϲٺ»ǻᣬԶԶοǳĵطֻǶ֮һС壬ܸʲôżȥһЩյӳ֣ڵǱƽӵܡ
ҴģʵǸӣǱĺӲ٣̫ƫƧ̫̫ûԴƺ˷Ҫ˵ʲô΢ЦŵҲȥĵطиһķչҴ壬ĺӹøһЩ
ŷĬӣЦʵҲûôΰˣǼֵܵʣȻҲã߾ҲǴﵽƷΪȱ⼸ƷʿҴ壬ȴҪ⼸ˡ
ǰ;࣬һ·ߺáٱ
Ҳûʲô꣬˵ʵǸ缸ԸھδغãؼҺúõĵ̼ʿ˵˼أֺ׶˾Ʊ
ãɱ
ͬʱ壬ȹ˱еľơ
ŷȾƵѧԱʼеǺһԺģеǽ뿪ѧԱġ
ҿҪһ
ڷ˸߷ֵʱһӴȺм˹жһơ
ǡʱҲЩԺˣֻ죬ȴһʱ벻ˡ
֣ǣҲǡ
Ӵӻͳһڷǰ˻ΣﻹһһʮƷʯء
Ŷԭ㰡
Цȫעϲ£ͰˡӾ֮ǰʱͶעǸӡ
ȻӮһٿƷʯȴһҲԼʲôԲģϾ㹫粻ΪľٶĻҲͶעٶӴһʵġ


28 ƽ
ȷʵҺȾơЦҲ׬һء
ǰǰĸüЦ˵ţȻоóӾһƷʿҲ˵ԺѧȴƺһƷʿԾûС
ˣһ֪մءһ֮ʵ
нЦͦ˼ģԺڶѧѧԱ
Щ죬ע⵽һ£ǡ
ֻһϵӵܶѣܱȵġнæҡ֣ҿɲʲôţþС⡣
Ȼ˸־˵ϲʿϲͨһʿҲȱȽǣϾɴ½ʿô̥࣬Ҳ
˼䣬нȻǸ̥˵ʲôľȤȱȱ˵⾭ǽһüɫ衣
нֳôлһʵԱߴ˹ͷȻͿɷ˹һʤѩ˵硣
ߵǰʱŶŷһҾѧ
磬ôڣԺ󿴵ҪˡžЦһ
ðǰӦ
ӵܵҲ飬ӹ˷ݹ룬ͺȹоơ
һأŲӿ˿Ȼһģ֮ǰһֱߵֲûг֡
֮ǰΪȣǵĻ˶ʲôģڴȶˣ̫ƽﻹҪЦ
Ժʶ˲̫࣬ϾԺѧԱ֮ϵҲ̫ǵԺԺ֮ѧԱ֮ſʼ𽥵Ľĸ顣
񻶵ģҪҵѧԱܶԺѧԱҲڴ֣ϾԺѧԱ˵ҪʶͬѧеĻᡣ
˼ƣʼнйԺ飬Ӷ鶼֪޲ԣȴƫƫԺϸڰڳһҲ˵ӡ
Ȼн˵ҲǿԺܻ֪֮ģʱȷʵҲǺľͻƹȻķ־̨ףȴҲķٵ
׼ʱɷ羰˳ˡǰ˵ʱ򣬾һҲȾһ˿ŭɫ
һԲԲŽ֮Ůһһ꣬һòͨŮ
Ǻ⡢ԼǸãΨһûɥӺҶ
Ȼǣ޺ŮƭȥƽƣɱûʲôԲĵط⣬ȴһһεҪأ
Ǵһйڷɴ½йĴ½ҲӦ÷ǳĿ죬ȻôҪһһεصʱȻҲɵǺǵľӦԵ±Թʲôġ
ӣ˺ˣͱֱ˵ϧʱ֮󣬺ѾǱˣȻĻһᵱ
ڣֳǰ
ѧԺƾ޾ݵģȻĳ˳֣Ȼ֮ǰ޷Ҳʿ׵ľܸɵһȻֳϳ֣ѧԺ뿪֮⣬ҺǼҲŹ
ѧϲôȵĹھ
ЦеĶԷ
ûԹԵļһھƣ籾׼ͺкģһֱܺķȻķӦҲˣǴ˾⡣
ǰ˴֮䣬Ҳһء
˹ھӹȻˣЦҶһͺ䣬ƺҪǱ˵ˡ
Һûʲô˵ġأʲôؿˡĻش
ʵҲʲôؿأǱӦҵĶ˵õˣһӵĲġ
Це˵ʹս˷ӦǸƣıܹһķϲĴ֣ҲΪǸõ˺ôɣһ죬һЩô³ġ
۾Ȼź⣬ţһ޵ɱð˳
ⱾܵĸоΣգȻ֪ѾͻƵͨ쾳Ǿ֮ǰչֳľ磬ͨ쾳սҲԶԶСʿֵܹģ
ƲҪѺԼߣȴ׵ıðƸײһ£һƺߡ
⣬ǲǾܴ
ǿûĿŷȻ¶һǿЦݣҵȻܴˡ£ҳֻҪ֣ǰ;һУửϾš
ˣʵ㲢ʵϣֻһ̰޴С˶ѡҲ֣Ϊһҵǰ;أϵģһ
ӿƣȼ𣬶Ҳ֣һĹâĳ֡
ûпź⣬ھһɱɵһ˽˼ģʲô˲ģ
һܳ嶯ˣȻԷѾƵԼǰˡ̣
˺£˿ĶԷڵʵҪɱˣ˵˲顣
üͷ֪ǰڿƺе͵ˣǴҵӵܣҪǸɵˣõҲǺҺǼ£Ҫѷҳɵ
ѧ侲һЩչ黹ǳȰ裺ǰ;ɲΪһʱ֮ˡ
нҲͬʱҺΪá
սģǳܲסѹĺⷢһСȻŮӺݶȻʵȴǿȻһǻΪȴƺͼӳֵģóɱڿֵ֧ʱѾӽ˱
ɱңҡҴˣҲӦģұ֤Ժ󲻻ˣ
޵滨һ㣬Ȼĺñ˵ǱϾܹв֮ǰǴյ߸һֱúܺõģƤûһ㡣
չֳƣеĸܵӰ
һڣŰסеɱ⡪Ȩ֮ĽҪǣⱻųҲû˼ֵɣ⻹֪ƵĻĻ֣
ȥԼƣͬʱ̱˵ϣڵĴ󿴹һĿ˷һۣȻͬʱתһԶ
лѧӡٱԷ
ЦðɡʵϣĻҲǸһ̨סɵǲʲôǸɵǵĺȷʵҾЩ
̾˿Ȼ֪ǰ˼˵ĶԻҲ˽⵽˶Ǻơ磬ƽʿǲ㹫ƽģ˫λöԵ޹˼ɵĸɵҲûһΪͷ
ҪǸɵ˺ǣƴǰ;ͽһ㶼ʣ
̫ˣѧȾơ˱ӡ
뾡Ц
ûپ飬Կ϶ղŵĻڷƨʵǿ֮Լ鷳ɼĸԼ鷳Լ鷳Ҳ١
ҲΪǿסûг֣ԺΨһ·ֻҪȥܹ齨ԼʵŲᵣĺҺǼڷеȻı


29 
ףʱ򣬵ȻҪ
ڳѧԱȻ󲿷ֶûڣϸ˵һʿȻľ磬Ҫףĵʳֻɴ½ḻٶ˿ҲܵͨƽֻҪҲʳǵĹһ
ĵЩʿ˵ȷʵҲʲô
ͺǵĳͻû̫ע⣬ϾͷųԼɱʱǳȥģųԼɱʱһֱޱǫнȴɫķųԼʶڳļȫ
ԺȻԻһ㶼۵ӣǸո¶һ֣֤ǶƷʿ
Ҳûеһ㣬нղһֿνǲۼҲûһ㣬ˣá
һֱҹѧԱǲɢȥҲнȻ׼Լľ
ѧԺռعԺڵɽ뷽ľһξ룬ҪһƬ֣һ֣ܵģҲҪϰʱ
ȴûмŻصԼľߣԼİȫѧԺҲ쳣ɭϣϾҪƻɴ½ϣ֮սУҲ伫
ǰеĸţûڵԪƾԼӰ죬ѵõϾʱ⡣
ȻţȴֲˣѧԺǸأ֮Ũ֮⣬ޣ߳ϣǱزٵģӦĴŵЩС죬ȻʱĴȴޱȵļž
ͣס˽Ų
һͬĹЦ𣺡û뵽СӾȻ˻ϧٻҲӴѣ
ĴȻѧԺ£
ȵȻѾ˶ԷĴڣôҲ¡ʶԷ޷ҲǴڵһƷʿѾ޽ӽڣһһƷʿ治
ȻһЩˣΪģһڰƮģʵһƷʿ
ģЦǰԼĻƨո˵˲鷳ת۾ڵʿңҲ濴ң
ٷϻмʿȻȻ֪ΪʲôģôͱˣڽеõıԸⱻ½ƣԺΪҺǼЧĻô㻹ܱסԼС
ȥſͣҶܾˣĸǵҧ¶׺ݵЦݣƾǣ䣡
磬ϻ˵ץסԺϽƣȻܿסѧԺҲ֪
Աһͬĺ˲ͷ˵Ϊ׵ĺ˵ͷֱۡ
ˮں˵ͷʼһҶľۣ
ˮĴĶľƾճں˵ͷ
Сӣн˳ˮۡûУмĺЦ
ͬʱվĺͬٻԼͨĺͷһƬ飬鿪ʼѣн߽⣡
ҲĺͷǴŹâԼܼûʵĴţԼһƥɢŽĿý
ȻǴڵʿֻڴﵽ֮ٻͨ࣬˳ˮ߽ۡ⡢ý־ͿԿֱˮϵϵͽϵͨ
ûиϢʱ䣬ٻ֮ͨͬʱһ֣ˮĶľۡͽɫĿͬʱŷ˹
ԷʵеĻȻȴҲǸ˵³˺ƶԸһʿһƷʿͬʱ֣Ҫ˲佫ʧȥսȻơ
֮ǰѾ˽ƣڵ춯ᾪˡ
ȻͨҪӽʱ򣬷˾ȥģֻһɢŻâС¡
ǷܿõǼ
һҲϧֱӾעԼȫ֮˳ȥͳĻ˷ǰ棬ŽͨԼȫ
䡱һ죬ʿ˵ޱķըƬȫʧȥЧã飬÷˵أʧȥȫսͨҲȫΣ
ͳĿյתܣ
һһһƷʿ𣬿ӮҲǺѵһ£һԼܲɵӡ
ʿȫûϵȻֱӾǼ֮׵ķܣһ֮Ϊ׵ʿŭһʹͬ׷ȥǲķѧԺĸ֣ΪǲµĽƣǻǵƶƶģֻҪײѧԺƷǸߵĵʦֻƾŷһˣȫ޷㿪Ľơ
Ҳһ㣬ڷɿţҪѰߵĸеĳǵĵʦǼ뿪ƵķΧУԷҪһʱץסֻҪϵʱԽôӵĻҲԽ
һ׷׷ϵԽԽżǵĽƿάֲ̫ʱ䣬÷ʧȥսĻֻҪˣܸɵǣ
ҲеżһͿʼԼ͸ˡڴһƬֵʱǰһգһƬյء
ڿյﵱȻô׶Ҫǣֿˡ
ϤˡȫѪ߰ߵнŤֵͬ˵ֻʣһ籧˻
ǰ״һȫʵʵͷͷŵĺ֣׼һٽĽأ
绹ûͻ죬ҪĳأǾòнȻѾƷ˽𵤣˵Ҳһ֮ǰƴУѾȥԱ𵤣ȴûܴʵޱǿĵֲµĽƣ
籾Ǵһ˻ԼľģҲ֪ΪҪƨԭѡ˺ͬУͷľǣҲ̤˵˵Ľƣֻ˸ӵĸͨ쾳ʵʵǿƷʿʵнûз֣һֱ̤˽ƣ֪Լ˵
Էʵָߣֺˮһ棬ˣΪıûüãнȥԱֻ󾪶ѧԺĺ֣Ҳûܴ򶯽һ˿һ
˱Ŀʱȴֵͣס˶̧ͷȥϲ
˵һ룬ӾͱͣٳɫҲǺһˮ׼Լֵ˼£ο
ѧܡŽһ
һĻ̾ùǰһԸݵļһƻ׷Լ˵Ҳ˵Ĳ̫ףǴʵ˵ǾԶˡ
ڷЦʱĸȴͬʱһ㶣Ժͷǡѵ˳ˣ
˫ڲɵʱ򣬷ͻȻչһЦ
磡
ޱת˵ȻҪɱܣ㣡
һɤӣչΣнһһߺ磬ϣҾֵֵġһ˵
нڷ㶣Ѿ˵˵ߣƺǸµĺһ㡣
׷Ҳһ㶣תеҪɵǸ˷ӦͿöˣһչͬһͷҹһ㣬ĺˣ
ˣ
ĸֶûü˵ԷƺҪһٸɵԼ֮ͬʱ֣ˮ߽ۡ⡢ýڵͨͬʱ֣ˣ


30 
٣˵Ʒʿʲô£һֻΪѣ
ղһһ鱦ʣͨСȭͷһ㣬˺谭ľˣ˴ʧɫʱ֣ͬʱ˵ͷ­
˵ͷ­ͬʱըʱ򣬷һ߶н˵ţһޱȿݵġڸ·
Ҫʲôǰһֵҿɲʵڲнɡ
ֻ֮ʣ˵ŷޱȿݵİԼ˸㡪·
ٷϻҲջѵֲ˼룬Сȫ¶鱦Ҳֻܿˡӣϵĺ⣬Ҳóգ鱦ǻġ
һ۵Ĵӻͼҵʱ򣬷תֶ̧սһ¡
˵ͷ­ըʱöͬʱͷʬð˳ãȻڿдת
Ͷ֮ͻɱһƷʿĺЦһ׼ֽ̧öµʱ򣬷ǡôһ֣һԭ͸ڿɫ˿Ĳö𵤣ǣö𵤳ŷ˹ȥ
ЦһѾ֮ʵǿнֻʣһҲֻ࣬һõķһʿںУҲ˶١
СӣȻҿʳö𵤿ñʮޣ㻹ǹԹԽʹ죡
⻰һ˵ѧԺѧԱͬʱ໥һۣӵһ鱦ָȵʳ𵤡ħޣ
ħЦһû˵
ħѾϳɴ½ɽ磬ôģҲŭ
ҪˣôʲôħЦ
㣡
һֱû˵ͷ߰˼鱦ö𵤵ķȻ̧ͷȻ͵һ֣˼鱦öͬʱգ
ôЩԸʲôЦ㻹ɱȽϺáħЦ
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ħһʱ򣬷ٴһ֣˼鱦öͬʱХֱ˿У
ײεĽ֮󣬷һ
֮ע뵽鱦ԼУıըǷķֻ֮ǰǱɱĴ򷨷Ҳûãڣȴõϣ
ȻٴԺħֳڵĴֵʱҲǹһһ£ֻҪģǸɵ֣ͻƿеĽƣ
ѧԺƣңڵʿضֻҪһ˿Ϣй¶ȥڵħޣԾҲûף
ħʱ򣬾ҵıըʼƿռ֮ըѣ
ֻ鱦ıըǶδܹɳʿĲµĽƳ𶯣ϾħҪɱҵţһβûУҵض¡
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͵Ŀ˷һۣСӣô뵽ģˣľǺԶΪʲô
˵һ仰˵ҲϾҵѧԺûɲһС£仹漰ħޡɵ˲¡
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Сӣǻٳ
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һһÿڶݲ˿ʧȻж棬Ȼȴǵʱ־֮£ΨһĻ·
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ҿʼôòԩЦȵʱͨ쾳ʿܹԪʹ̼ƭˣ֤˼֮ԶԶĳܹı֣ҲΪ档
£ҾһΰɣúϧɣαҾȵĻᡣ˿ҲãЦ
ҲЦ֮ǰŵ˵ҪΪʱֻͷǣȴûһ죬ԼҪȨ޺̨ʿ
û뵽ǣһþȻôĿ죡
һǵõġصĶŷͷ
ҿûõʲôŵ飬Ƿ߯һ㡣
нǼüŪ۵ĶԷ
Ȼ֪Ƿ˵ծлϵʱ򣡡ЦԺлչһֵҾˡ
һġڽ𵤶ˣҲˣԺ治֪˭չ˭ءнЦ
нֳΪ˾ңŻԱ𵤷СҲСл鵤ҩĵرֻҪֳϵģȥؿڵ
ģнϲȴǣ˿ڣһҽУ


31 ͬѧ
ѧԺɱɥһ¡
ֵǸȻħޣ͸Ǵˡ
ħ֮䣬ԹŲ˫ԴмͿʼƴڶԷӪԵף޼ʲôģҲˣħ޾ڷɴ½ɴ½ҲǼ֮ͨʿħȷѪꡣ
Ϊɴ½𲽵ԼĹʿ֮Ĺ
Խǧħڷɴ½Ե׵鵹ԽԽˣϾǵĻռҲԽԽ٣ʱ򣬾Ȼħ޳ִɱ±һ˺ͷ۵顣
Ƿײ磬֪ǣѧԺɱҲʲôټʲô
ȻÿҵĵһҲ̫飬ҽ׿ԽĵӣͬΪ˴֮һĵӵͺ⣬ڽѧԺʱֻǻʿ磬ɼǶôҵӡ
дţѾڶһļ
һͨĵӣѾΪһҵҲѧԺʲôͻȻڶļʱ򷢷ҲͻѧԺ˺
ȻѧԺҪȰ˴Ҽ󣬿ĺҲǵģ
ڣûֻˣԴ֮Ҳûʲô⣬ҵĵ̣鵤ҩһϣȬֻʱ⣬ħ޵ļƻûеóѣŭģѧԺ
ѧԺŭŭŭ
˶ҡ˴ҺѧԺľ˱߾δ֮⣬ڸʿԼС֮£չ˺ҵ峡ʿȳһϯĴɼշеƷʿѧԺĳҹ͸Ԫϣ޼ɵͷųԼƣʶ
ƴжҲƴ˲ħ޵طӣϧǣ϶ڵСϣڳڵħޣûб֡
ŵжһ²ƽϢжңڸҲֻԿЦɴ½ʵ̫ˣռҲޱȵľ޴жȻɹУȴҲЧ΢
һڣϾȻûˣȻô鱦ö𵤣ıԴ֮ķҲ൱޴ģõҼŷĺôҲǸ˲ٵ鵤ҩ䱾ԴȬʱ򣬷Ҳϻָ֮ǰ״̬
нҲøֻһͨϵӵܣҲͨúܣ꼶ƷΪͨΪϾôҲӵܣ
Ϊ˾磬ϧԱ𵤺ͱӻ˶Է׷ɱȵ˷ĵ飬ҵĵϵҲȻԡ
˺ķ鵤ΪܱԴ𵤣ṩҪĲ챾֮⣬ͬʱ֣ԴΪϴ׽ȻʵǿʿȴŸӾ޴ĺô
ʿ޵ģʲôʣֻʲôĵزнʣڶѾļˣϴ׽ȴΪṩ˴ﵽңڵĿԣ
ȻҲ㶼ģϸĴۣҲ൱صģȻĻֻҪϵʩΪɴ½ʵҪһˣ
ѧԺңһᾡͻƵڣȥԺġ
ڷԼԺʱҵǳϿҵĶԷ
ҵ㡣Ц
ʱһҲԺ㡣
ȻͷȻͿʸƮȻ볾㹫ͷǰ
㹫Ƿû뵽ģû뵽ǣ㹫ǼݶģƮġ
㹫㡭ͻƵˣһ
շУƷʿı־Ƿɵÿѣ㹫Ȼܿ죬ȴ쳣ȶֵ֤ѾͻƵ˴ڣҲڵʿˣ
˴ڵʿһʿ
νʿ֮ʿڲࡣ
ͻƵڵʿڵĽ𵤣𵤳ƴʱܹԱɱ˵֮⣬ҪľܹϵĸṩԴԴϵ
ɴ½֮ϣԣḻͨƽҲ£ʼﵽʿܹõܻꡪȻĴ֮չһգ鳾
ֻҪ𵤣ṩϵʿܹõٵҲܻһǧꡣ
пȥ׷Ѱ̤Ͻ𵤴
ͻƴ֮󣬵Ӥ˵ڶԪ֮ʿֻܲصĳֻҪ䣬ôͲ
ڸߵңڡǾ⣬У޾Եң
㹫Сʶ˶ϳˣ߹ĴڣҾͲ˵ˣΪ˴֮ףӰҲǴСͿʼϾֻ˫ʶ࣬˭ҲûѹԷһͷԺȣҲδûдһҪĴһ£˭ͷƫƫճһͬʱܣûһ¡
һˣǰص˶ҵ㹫ûܵĴɱչ֮еҲûбһºҵĴӰ쵽ʲôڳ֮㹫ͻԼɹеԪ۳ԼĽ𵤣
㡭ӮˡЦһ˴ﵽڵʱиԼ˭ͻƵڣô˭ӮˣڣԵǣ㹫Ӯˡ
ҲӮ
㹫ȴҡҡͷϮĻҲδܹǰڣռˡ
ЦһǿĹҲʵûʲô˵
ڴбܣǰصȥչأȥ뱻Ǹħ޴ɱģǱˣʱķǱ
㹫˼͸ڳ֮˵类ħ޽ɱϢܿˣԼʵӹһ١ħ޴ɱ磬ĿΪҺѧԺĳͻǹףҲֻǰ˴֮һʵѧԺǲϴһأгͻҲᱻСΧ֮ڡ
϶ѧԺҵĳͻʱҶҲڵõ֮Դɱ磬ʵϲһѡ
õѡʲôȻǴɱ㹫
޷ѧԺ濹⣬Ƕأ
㹫ǸŮӣڱɱʱܵһЩ޷˺һʲôķŭ
Ǹҵһ֮£ѧԺƴ
ѧԺӪô꣬عԱҺҵӵܣжѧԺѧϰģһƴʣʲô
Ĵֱʣ
ڼ䣬ѧԺɭϣ˸ʱ޿̲ʶɨԺħ޾ʲôҲ޷ֻڴ֮˶˻ԺȵϸڣŸħôĿӣ
㹫Ӿǿ֮󲻸ģͻصչصĻԤǣɱģһ㹫
㹫Լķ˵ʱѾ궫˵ļҲɵóһ亹
ǸзġҶĸ
Щ㹫ȻûжԷ˵ȻҲ˵Ұô˺ҺǼһ£ǲҪҷ鷳
ͬѧˣԺǿ໥ء㹫ŷϣ˲õ΢Ц


32 Ժ
Ժһʲôĵط
ǵԼѾжٴʹˣֻûеõش
㹫ҡҡͷĶԷҲ֪˵ǣԺҪԺӵĴ;һܹʿʵĵط
𣿡룬ǷѧԺķ񡪡ԺǰòƽҵӵܲϵĵжǵĻԺͿʼʵȵԺʱ򣬻Ͼܹһˡ
ֻΪԺܹʵ⵹һա
ֻнԺŻ׵յס
ѧԺԺռǳ֮󣬰֮ڵ涼ԺķΧ֮ڣԺȲԺҲԺһһ߷ΧһԳôƻֺꡣ
㹫ԼԺԺѧԺһͬ뿪ԺԺڵѧԺʱǵĸֻһǾ
ĴţգԼǸվԺŴˡ
ѧԺȻ˵һѧԺȴûбκεΧǽȻĵòѧԺ˷Ȼϣ籱ɽ֣ĳӡȻһƬƽԭȻȴѧԺ˽Ӱӻפ㣬ͲϢĽ
Ժĸ߷Գһ󣬸ûܹ׵Ǳȥ
ԺȴѧԺı棬øߴʮɵΧǽΧһſɹ룬ҲĲ˽ƣʿӿзɹҲ֪ԺڵǸʲô
ʱڴŴӭǵǸˣԺԺϵƷʿĺɽˡ
˲һǣĺɽ˸Ӳߣݣƺһܰһ㣬ȫзɫԪʿ
ĺɽʱ򣬷ͷѧԺԺе֣˳ɱУ˵ȴϸϸģа˺һ˵ȴޱȼĺɽ˿˵һ죬ȴͬһľʡ
ԺѧԱһǧʮˣûûģ
ѧԺԺÿֵѧԱǧˣܹ˳Ժģֻһǧˣûܹʱڴﵽڵģᱻ̭ȥһĹҲֻвп̭ƣܱ֤մԺгȥѧԱǶĶ֮ţ
۾ѧԺȺɨһ֮ĺɽ˾ĵ˵ͷܺãûгٵġ
ҲûлӭʽҲûķϻĺɽ˹һԺŴǣһͷǽȥˡ
ѧԺû뵽ôصԺȻԵ˵ĶϷ
ͼһۣȴͬʱ˾֮ġ
ĸоһǳ񣬶ҲΪˮʣˮԪĸ֪ǳ֮УͬʱоԺڣǼܲһ˿ˮԪ
ĸоüǳĲܡ
ʽ̤ԺΧʱ򣬷ͼ֪ΪʲôܲˮԪ
ɫǰģǰġħ䡷Ħһ㣬ɫĹâգʵ̤ڵϣĸоȡ
ԺռطԲʮȴȻûκεֻԺм䣬һͻأĸƵĸԺ
аɸߵĸԺ⿴ȥȫǴµ۷
ԽӽԽеʮ㣬ֻȴ˸е˺
ԺֻĺɽһˣԺѧԱһûС
࣬оֲܿӡֹһȻԼ£֮ǰѧǲǱԺԺԵ˰ɡ
ûס̲ס͡Цһ
˵ͣѧԱҲΪԺڵ״ڽͷӶȻĺɽȴƺ˷ֹȻЦҿɲħޡѧԱԭġ
˵䣬ĺɽҲûнͣǻ˻䣺ڡǿ
˶̧ͷǵĿע֮£֮һ׵ľӳˣչǵǰ
һֻ֮Ժʱ֮֮Ҫö࣡
ţ֮Ͽʼһһŵ֣ÿֺ涼һֺ֣־ԽľԽС
Ун֣ķʮ֣Ρ
ԺѧԱֶ棬ȻǡҵѧԱԺѧԱǧİʮˣǵʵ͹׶ȣųĻ֣ǼôԺѧԱΪǧʮˣ
ĺɽ˵ĻѧԱʵôԺˣʻȷģ
ʵ͵µĹ׶ȣǽҪģڣ˵
ĺɽ˵ĻͬһĹ˵ĶĤеѧԱ͡ʱ򣬻λƢȴԲõԺ˽ǵѡ
ǣǴڣһƷΪôʼ֣һٷ֣Ʒٷ֣Ʒٷ֣ԴơԺʵﵽһƷܹǰԺѧϰȻԺȴģܹ꣬뿪ԺǧҪΪԺѧԱƷѧԱɫˡʵϣԺʷߵļ¼ǰһӵܴģ뿪ԺʱʵﵽƷ۷壬ңֻһ֮ңӦúǾڶĹ
ѧԱȺһеѧԱ˵ԼȻޱȵϤǰλĹƽǧӢľͳ֮£泯󺣣ӲĽΧڴȥǧ֮ңḻĴҲöĹõ˸ǿ
һʿҪӵĴڣȻҲԺü¼֮߳ȥģ
⻰֮󣬷ߵļȭͷǼСŮҲǼĶŮչֳ׿Խ츳ŮʿȻѣȴһ⣬ʱʮӶʮŮ츳һȺŮУȴ۵һ
ǿļ㣬ҪԼ׵괴ļ¼
ǿǵѧΪǵѧȡ֡ÿһΣȻǽжʮʱȥȡ׶ȣݹ׶ȿԲǵĻָߵָͣߵģȻźô
ع֮Լֲǻһʱ̨սû֣ÿѧԱսӮ߻û֣ʧȥ֣ܹƽĹ涨
ȻԼʵѧԱսôõĻҲǳ٣Ҳᱻ۳ֻ֣ͬ߾ѧԱսʤܹ֮û֣սޣǿҪʹá
죬µסǵѧǣԴڸݻָߵΪˣǵŴǣǲҪκεĶܹڽԴΧתԪĥԼԪһºô
ĺɽ˴ЦһӣѧԱǳԺеߴɵĽԴ˹ȥ
Դ֮⣬ѧԱǷ֣ΧŽԴһһӣӲ󣬴Ҳһϥڵ⣬顭
˸ȥüͷ˿ǸĿӣȻ˿ԼһȾȹӣҧҧȥ
ĺɽҪӣҲò


33 ԪȥĶ
֮󣬷еһȲº͵ĻԪɻԪ棬ֻҪ΢һķԪͬһģֱӽ塣
ֻϵԪһʱ򣬷֪ˣΪʲôĺɽ˻˵ڽԴΧž޴ĺô
ڷ⴦ԺŵŨŵĻԪר޻Ԫʿ˵ȻǴ֮أǻϵֻǾϵԪеһ࣬ϵʿ˵ʲôô
ģˮϵʿһԺͻеԵĲӦĵط˵ٽˣֲ˲һѵ顭
Ȼڳһ֮󣬷ˣȻԪԻչֳģȻں˵ıԴȴǺڵĻ֮һ㣬Ϊ
Ϊȷһ㣬صصĽڵĻ֮仯ֱ𻻳İϵûκε𣬽֮󣬴ŻԵԪȴͬĻ֮죬ͷǳŨѧԺڣӵҪ˺ö౶
ڿٱҲû˾֮ǰڽʱֻǻ˼ʱʹﵽ۷壬֮Ϊ޷ͻƶܼͻƵʱΪǸռĴڣԴԴϵΪṩԪһͻƾܴﵽ׶ε۷壬Ҳ޷˽ѧԺʲôٶȡ
뵽ͿЦµκʿ飬Ϊܹƽʱø죡ĵһ۷壬ҲܹԸľͻƾ磬Ȼıء
Ƕ˵أȴƺһöûУΪѾͻƵͨ쾳֮󣬾Ѿﵽͨ쾳۷壬ֻһ֮ңûкʣµĽ𺡰ͻƣҲֻάλ϶ѡ
뵽˵ɥԺƺҲô˷ܵˣϾ˵նԪҲȲһʿ˵õĽ𺡣
̾һ˾ɥʼ˼ŽӦôȻĺɽ˵ÿ¶жʮôԼҲܹĻȥѰҽ𺡣ֻҪҵ𺡾ܹͻƵڡȻ˵ڴ֮ӦôͻƣһͷûУҲͻƵ֮˵
ŵķ˳˼ʼ˼Ӧȥʲôطпҵ𺡣ȴûע⵽붨ʱڵԪǰĳַʽеģѾΪʿıܣУҲĻԪʼתӿڡ
ʼ˼õ֮ǰĿкǵḶ́ˮǴеõģǸйƵü۵ļһеõһöľڻɱ諳֮ѧԺԺܿУղػϵõ˻𺡡
Ķûʲô˼ĵطǵõḶֵ́˼
諳棬İԪޣʮƳֻһܹ֮컯諳棬ƽԪΪ֣Ĳ֮£һ
һ뿪ȥ𺡣ǷӦڽϵԪĵطרսϵԪ޻ʿڳµ֮£һأ
뵽һ㣬оһӣյһʮĴ϶ΪʲôزʲôׯڣʲôʲôӣϵԪյأϵޣҲž޴ĿԲ𺡣
кȻϡǷɴ½ĮޱߣʿУϡҲضвٵĴֻκʿ˵ûʲôãҪôǶҪôǵһֺÿƷֻҪԼȥײлײġ
ĵ˵ͷ۾ĺɽǳЩĺôȻҲСԺѧԱڽԴУУȻҲľͰŪ
£Ҳ˳ٴһ£붨ѹ֮оˣһֱԴԴϵĻԪӿ壡
һ£Ծ÷ͬСɣҪ֪ʿ壬Ҳ޵ģͺñһװ׵Ĳһ㣬װ֮Ͳװˣװ֮ǿװװȥĻֻʣһڴѡ
ڵʿ屻٣ֻҪѣٵҲѣҪĲٵʱˮĥ򣻳ڵʿ屻٣ԪĻʱֻԼܹƳвٰʿڴﵽڣԪ֮󣬹ٵԭһ߸Ư壬Ҳżʡ
ң֮ط򣬲֮Уڴң岻ڣ֮ҲһǸǲڻ¡
ֻڵʿƤұٵĻǴ޽ɣҲ޷ȣ
ҪĪˣǲһЦ
æֹͣתֹͣ˴ԪȻԼڣ¿ھϣ޵Ĳ״
Ȼһ֮£ȴٴγһΪѾƻòӣ֮£ȴԼһ״û֮ǰһ
ĵķϸϸɨһԼ壬ʲôˣԼûз֣ʶԼÿһϸɨȥˣȴûκε
԰ҸղյĻԪȥĶˣܲǵɷƨֱӷŵ˰ɣ
ͻ֮󣬷ûչԪΪǸռܹ׵ֲԪģҲ°ԼԽ췢飬һʱͷԡ
һ֮󣬷ʼ뵽һܡղôĻԪһ¶ûУԡ
˫һʼתķȻȴԼеעڵ״
εĻԪʼһһĽ壬֫ٺһһӿ壬Ȼ͸оԪӴļûнʱԭޱȳӯԪͬˮ˳һ㣬΢ġաһ㣬ȻԪˡաǸռ䣡
ѹͷţǾôաһ£÷սԪ
ˡЩԪȥĶأ
棬ղԼ֪սЩԪʧˣֱȥһ֪ĵطԼս٣뿪˶ԪʼԼڵԪֳӯ״̬
̫ȷķʼ׵ļӴԼգϵȫޣԪٶȾԶԶͬʿһ֮£ӯöԪʼͬˮһĽڣһʱ֮Ԫƺʼûһ
ȻӯҲյİһ£֮ǰǾԼҪڿҲյġ
٣٣һ޵׶һ㣬ԪҲ޷ڿӯԪһ˿һ
֣Ǽ˹ˡ˼⡣
﷢㶣ѧԱ֮󣬾շе˽Դ߳⿴һͿʼڸصѧԱǵĺɽˣŷڵǸӣüͷ
ĴӶĻҫȻڵǸȴһһһһ
ĺɽȻóǻðĻԪһͱոɾ龰
Ȼյô졭ǸзСӰɣ۹⵹ǲȻʵһЩôٶȣԺٶҲһˣ
ţĺɽ˵Ͷ˷ڻӵԱߣڵĻ桪ҲһһȻʱȷҪö࣬ȴҲ˳Ծˡ
ŮϣܱǿҪֳţҿӰٺٺ١


34 Ŀռ
ΪԼջԪٶ̫죬ǻԪһͱ丵βʣԷҲʱȥ˼עÿԪʱڵԪȥĶˡ
ȻÿԪҪսʱڵԪǺ޺ۼ΢һ㣬ͱӴν΢ġϾҲͨ쾳ĺ֣յԪٶȣڵԪȫ˵ĻҪʮܹջͱÿ컹ҪȻĵԪ
Զڷɴ½ʿ˵ÿûܹõٺ»ҲǸʯĻôþͱȽϲˣǸصĵطǱȽϡģЩܵʿյУûʯĲ䣬ÿĥһԪȫڵȻĸˣӣҲ߯ҡ
ҲΪʿԴѧԺҺ͸꣬Ͼĵطÿй̶ʯԪʱܹյԪҲӵĳԣ
˵ΪԪٶٿ죬ÿսԪڵԪҲֻ΢һС֣ÿڵԪաôһ㣬ҲѲԪȥʲôط
ȻǷȴƶϳһЩ
ǸõеĿռ䣬õ֮󣬾ͽڣһ㶯ûУǾռ֮ڵԪԴԴϣӲݽߣҲǽص㣬ڴնԺ
ȻǸռܹϵĸԼṩԪôԼսĶԪǲҲǸռأ
뵽﷽ЩˣһĻôʿãԼȴûʲôõĽԴҲԼž޴ã
ٶȱطҪܶ࣬ԼսԪܹǸռ䴢ԼҪõʱֻԴԴϵĲԼĻԼʿȻռƵĵط
ͬˣһ˱һǮ֮ǰǮȫ͵ӵһܹѶǮһʱ䣬һǸܰǮˣҲһ˸еö࣡
ռ䣬ͽΪġС
Ҫ֪ڵʿųԪϢȻʵأΪҲơСĵطǾǵĽ𵤣ȻһƷʿ˵ǵĽ޷ҲɺԭԪԪҲԼսֵܹ֧ʱһѡ
ƷԽߣƽʱܴ洢ԪҲԽ࣬ȻϾҲ޵ġռ䣬֮ǰսٴڵԼˣǸռȴһһεģ˲ͲڵԺ޹ǵһЩɱȴҪķѴԪķ
뵽һ㣬ͿʼԼʶǸֻһĿռ丽֪ռռعȻڣȴңʿʶɨûֵĴڡҪ֪ڴȵʱչֳ˲ͬѰĳ־ѧԺЩңڵʿѾֹһεɨ壬Ҫ֪Ϊʲôܹô־áϾĹÿʿյĻǵľûб仯ܹӳսȴֹƽʱ߳ɣ
Ȼȴûܹʲô״Ʒ۷ϵˣҲֻܹΪľ޵ȥ
һ漣ȴ޷ƹ㡣
ԼʶҲ޷ǸռľλãǸռϾڣȴܹоǸռĴڡ
Ϸһ΢С޷ĺڵ㣬Ǹռ֮֮ǰŪЩȫǸռ֮ڡ
ڣʶͼڵ㸽ϸĹ۲⸽ԪǷʲô仯
ڷһκ䣬սԪʱ򣬷ʶʼоˣӿĻԪҪӽƤʱǸռ⣬Ǹڵ㸽ʶ΢΢ļ
Ҫ֪ڷڲûʲôʶνġЩ졢࣬ǷɵģЩֻǷʶڵģڰѷصȻȥʣҲܻĶӾͿһƬ󺣡
˵ÿʿڣһƬռ䣬ȴֲʵڡ
ռ䣬Ȼޱȹ̵ģֻҪʶôƬռ䣬ͻһֱһּȹ̵¡
ڣռȴ΢΢ȻԷ˵ûʲôȴ֤һ˲䣬Ǹռ䡱ɵͻһʿԳصС磡
ֻҪ磬з֮ʿȻʵиеͣСܹģֻԼ磬ʿƴܻ˭ʶͻƵȥڱ˵սңʿʶҲܻһСʿڱûɥ
ħޣҲֻСᡱһţҲ𵴣ʿʶ֮ԼʶѾȥ¥յĶԷ֮ڣռȵ
ڷʶʼ΢΢ʱ򣬷ڵԪеһ֣ɿͶ뵽ǸڵУȻоԼڵԪ֡աһ㣡
Ȼǵȥˣ
΢΢ЦûʲôԼĶ˵ĸоϾ֮ǰǸռѾ˺ܶԪԼԪǸռ䣬Ҳһַ˰ա
˵ˣԪǸռ䣬ܲҲܹʱԼ䣿ôһָʼоԼǣȻôô֮أ
ֻ÷ЩƵǣǸڵ㣬ҲǸռ䣬Լʶ̽ȥҲ˵֮ǰٹЩʯҲòˡ
뵽﷽ЩԥͷжһٿƷʯнӮһһʮƷʯҪҪҲӵǸռȥӽȥˣҪòô죿
֮󣬷ǾͷʯŵǸռȥνʯԪɵ壬ʵϾ͵һַԪƷʯûʲôֵģʿ֮ͣΪֱܹƽʱҪö࣬ϾÿʯһСƬŨöʵأʲô츣صҪÿݡ
Ȼļ壬ô˲һյеʯΪװ£ֲ⡭Ҳ뿴Ǹռ䵽ܹɶٵԪ
ǷװʯĴٴηŽǸռ䡪ʵҲŽȥģϴξոսӽǸռ䣬ʧ
ϴ޷һٶƷʯĵرǸռսȥ֮öûдһΣһٿƷʯһƷʯһڵʿգԹʮ
ǾӴգҲûǸռκε𵴣ľһ޵׶һ㣬սȥ֮ǸռɳĬڲϵŷڶԪ
ԹԣһθڣɲһĴ󰡡զ֮ǰǸռչֳݻḶ֪́ǸռжôˣٴĿռ䣬Ҳм޵ģûͻƵʱٶԪ޷ԼɴͲϵĸǸռṩԪʱռʲôı仯
㣬ʲ𡪡˵ȷɴ½κʿҪ֪Ԫʲôչֻһռûκεı仯ֻյµȥܹװһ죬ȵ죬ҲԼܹĿռڣ
˾ûĿ꣬ڷµĿꡪʼ˸Ķ־


35 һ
ڶ峿ʱ򣬳ڿĿеѧԱǷ׷ʧ۾Ϊ峿ĵԴԴṩԪĴӣʼͨһҲûлԪȥա
۾֮󣬾ĺɽ˵
ڣǿԳˣһǵѧԼ˵ԺĹأ
ĺɽ˵Ļ֮ԺѧԱҲҵǲĺɽ˵ݺ;ƷϵʵΪĿΪĺõطƺСȴһɤŵĺɽš
ԺûĵʦҲûƱ˵ĳϣһСƺĺɽһڴˣȻﲻ
ѧԱǷ׷״ӿʱǿѹѹѧԱѾԺվˣнһվȺУһҲƽʱǸƤЦӡ
ڷŵʱͻȻн˼۾ȻְЦҧ촽ӲİЦѹȥ
ҲǷϲɴ½һԭȫڵʱ򣬿ЩС˵񻰴˵еЩһһζûУȻļʿȴҲζǴֺˣаˣʶͨѧԱ˵ʿ˵ˡ
һ磬ͦá
죬һµĿʼ
ĺɽڸ߿УǧѧԱӽ쿪ʼе˻㣬ֻʣ»ֵʣµĶʮʱȥȡֵʱ򣬹ǶˡѧԱв׵ĵطѧԱȵȵȡ
ѧԱǶû˵ʲôԹԵĿʼѧԱѧԱǼ̧ͷſеĺɽˡ
Ƕ֪ѧԺ֮ԣԶطΪѧԺһ֮ϣ½ʮ죬ʮС죬ʮأɴ½ĮޱߣȻܹʿΪ޴ģֻһһʮ˴ط
ѧԱǷ׷׵ͷһǺҪ֪֪ĸأֻһǶڵĵطһѧԺ֤ѧԺĵλϾңҲûӵԼĸء
ѧԺڵĸص֣Ҳ֪ھҪǣƬأнԴأ
һ֮ν֮ԴԴͷԴأʮƫԵĸأԴصľڣ
˵ĺɽ˵ǳһ飬¶һЦݣ֪ΪʲôԺѧԱ֮ûκˣֻһ˰ɡ
صľڡȻҪˣֻڽԴΧҲܹõʵĿﻹҪʦȥڣ
ӱĳ̶˵ѧԱ֮⣬Խ٣Ȼ͸ȫֻһ۷ƷϵĺɽڣѧԱһֻʱԺڣ죬Ҳֻ££ֻҪ˵ʲô춯ĺɽ˾ܳ֡
ΪڣԴŽԴذ˳ɵľںܶǰѧԺĴʼˣԳԽƷϵĪɵģһص㣬ԽߵĵطЧԽã
߰ɣߴֻһһ㣬λãҲкл
һԽǽӽ棬ٶȾͻԽһٶȣֻһһɣǸٶֻһİɻ
һǧλãֻлǰһǧģʸģֻҪøٶȣô͵ȥƴĻû֣
ڶ𲻷ӣȥյػɱޣõĲϣܹԺһ֣ÿµǰʮ죬ǹģԵжҲԼжȻˣжĻǻõܷͷƽ֣ܹƽ
ÿˣԼĳʼ֣һƷʿʼ־һٷ֣Ʒٷ֣Դƣÿ¿ʼҶֻгʼ֣ȻĻҪ֪ÿĻǺܷģһƷʿҲпܳԽƷʿĻ֡
ĺɽ˵н¶һ˿Ц쿴ģӵĻֻʮ֣ǶƷʿԭĳʼ־ٷ֣һֻŪʮ֣Ļ֣Ҳ̫øء
֪ǣʵƽʱŪķҲٵģֻոչȥǸΪУ𵤺ͱ飬ȻõĺôҲ٣ȴ֣ټÿζǱƷѧԱսʧĻҲ١
ƷսȴǿѧԱԺԿģ㹻Ļ֣ҲпܱƷһ㣬սȴǿܶѧԱ֣εƣߵĻҲء
˰ɣԺķʽܼ򵥡ʮ칤һ䣬һֻһ죬ǽԴҲƣһ޹ӦΪƽʱĻһԸϵƽʱһ꣡ŬɣԽõĺôǾԽ࣡
ĺɽ˽ԼĽʱͷ֮ʼһ׹⣬һ֣ǵĳʼ֣ʼ¶˳
һģȻһƷʿΪĳʼİٷ֣ƷʿԺ㹻ˣ֤һԽʿԺֻ꣬ͻƵƷٶȣͼҲ˿ѷɫ
Ǻҵү㣡ҲǺĵ׸磬Ⱥ˺ü꣬ʵϣǰŽԺģʱʹһƷͻƵƷ˲𡣡
ԷӦҲ֪һЩʲô˵ͷˡ
ԺĵطǿѧԱԺҡһҲе˰
һֳ֮ϣԺȷʵԻһȺ֮⣬ʮƷʿƷʿͱ˽ǧˣʵԺڻġ
ҲǣڵѧԱҲԺһģûдﵽƷʵĻôͻ֮Ժ̭ˡ
һƷѧԱһǧˣѧһǧѧԱһƷʵ֮⣬ѧԱʵֻһƷģҲûɶǰ;
ʼͬģǰһڻõĻģѧԱ˭ҲںϾֻҪһƷʿǾͶǲеһ
ڿһֵʱ˶һ£Ȼ֪˭ͷ˾޴ĺЦ
ǧʮʼ֣㣡
һ£ȻԼһƷʵûУѹֳʼһ㡭
Ҫ֪ȥȻÿ궼һûƷʵѧԱݣڴлùھԺȻùھģǴĳԱȻ֪Ժһϵĵطѧǰһ£ʲô취ҲͻڣԺģûòʼֵĴڡ
ֻ֮һַ۵Ʒ֮ǰעĹеģһȴҲûԼ˼ֻǸʵͻʱ򣬷ûеһƷʵҲͺȻĸ֡
Ժף֣
ɫ糣ָĳЦȥöˣĺЦֻСƶѡ
Ⱥһ˫üбޣɷ˫ָ̧ͷŷ֣о֡
ˣûһѧԱվߣԽڵѹ̤ߵѧԱ˺ܴѹ
˵֣к㡪׵ĸ磬ʹһƷƷĴڣ


36 ໥˽
ѧԱ֮⣬ѧԱǲûж̫ãȺ뿪ˡǲǴԺŴ뿪ģԺǵһطŶӽһâǵĴȻ뿪ˡ
󣿡Щ㶣˵Ƿɴ½ϸƶʽϾֻҪһ˲䣬ڱصĴͣĽͨʽﱼޡƿȷʽҪݵöˡ
ݵĴͷʽȻҲǼֵƣҪķѴĵرÿδͣҲҪķѴԪУһ˵½ϹõĴ󣬶Ҫʯܹġ
ոհԼеĲƲȫŵǸռ桪ڿνȫö죬˵ƷʯƷʯҲһ顭
㲢ûм뿪վ˷ߣڷ㶵ʱнҲһ߯㹫ûʲô֪İҿԽһµġ
󡭡ҪôãҲϾнѾϤˣһͬս˵ʲôܱȲսܹѸģ
ŶģĴʯ͵ģȻȴҪݾԶû־ͿγɴˣҵշѣͨȥĶôڻʱ򣬾ͲҪ½ɷˣĵúءнЦŻش
֣ЦڻҲһûС
ǰûΪڵѧԱԺġɣӣҪռǵıˣֻ֮󣬻ֲܹġ
н˵˵ͷлˣöٻ֣һỹġ
˵⻰Ȼġ
нЦȻɫԺأұϾ֪ҪһЩҪǻһ߹⣬˵һ¹ڳ
˵ͷн˸ط㲻ÿɷȴҲ˹ȥҲܵϲܸɾҲһԼȹӣ̬򷽵
Ҫ㹫ҲһӣҲǹġ
нǴ˸ȻɫֵĻȡжֶĴȥҲǻֵһ֣Ҫ֪سֵЩ壬նɱ©޵ġ͡ǣ϶Ժĵ
ռعȻٷǳǿʿҲƽ񣬵˶ˣȻӣҸյصķӡҲʲôʱЧģôΣ˸صĶٷԼ֮⣬ЩȽϻɽҰĵطǻεնɱޣͷʿеļ֮һֻ֮ܳǰ֪ЩǣȻ󲿷Ժѧ
ȻǧȥҲʲôȻϾٷǷǳǿģûлĵطҲ̫࣬ôѧԱȥҲ㹻öϰӹøӵĺá
壬ֺãõĻָߡȴǡϾǲ֪ĶĺõطֻЩҵĵӣ鱨֧֮£ܹõȥȡ֡
˵н˼һۣңȻңȻȴи涨ȥѧԺѧϰӵܣܹõֵı֮⣬ģȴҲֻܿԼϾӵ̫ˣ㶫ҪҲﲻÿǻ粻ҲпУǵ˼档
΢΢ĵ˵ͷû
ôӵĻûõİ취ȥյðգɱޣƷޣɱһһ֣Ʒޣɱһͷ֣Ʒʮ֣Ʒʮܹ֡ҵһЩƷĻǶһĻ־͸ˣԼʵ£ɱƷޣǻûõİ취
˵нЦЦҷһôǾĵ;硭֪սһһƷʿҪǿܶ࣬ѧԱһƷʿǺܶģÿµսսǲ޵ģֻҪʮһƷѧԱԽսӮһʮ֣ƽսӮһʮ֡
ȻʧЦڶԸһƷʿ˵оԵʤգʤҲǷǳģнϲ̴áȷʵ̫ˡ
ˣӵĻ˵ĻǹģȻʱҪָһٷ֣ǳڿȴǻռܴıأһƷѧԱһٷ־ˡнЦһ̵ӡ
㵹һԡϲҲٺٵЦսȷʵԷ̥˵ˡ
ͬˣ㹫أԸ𣿡нתͷʼ㡣
Ը⡣㹫˵ͷҵķƫȺսɱǿһðյĻҲ̫ãһӣǶԴҶ顣
˵ǿһ䣺ֻǽ׶ѡ
нЦǿֻǽ𣿼㿴ЩʲôѵǿĹڱ֮Ϊԭ򣬶Էʲôĸо
нʵǿϲˣضԹɫΣɲ´ˡ
ѡͷһͬɲΪԷʲôøУȷʵΪܹǿĹľʲôʱܷǴʧһ֮
Ů˼к£ȥҲס
ȻӣôҾǶ㹫ͷ֣໥֮ҲϤˣҲ֣Ҳ̫ϤҰɣҾҽһˣҲôҶԱ˴˵սи
ͼͬʱ˵ͷȻսѣȻҪ֪ͬóʲô
ҵϵӵܣҲǷϵģǽϵʿнϵʿóɱԿȴ̫һóģԶ빥ԷҵıƵģϺ֮ǰĲ࣬е㲻̫
нһһӲӵ̣ͼͬʱסˡ
ҵķأСӴ򹷡ÿӣȥʯͬʱܸҵĴ衭һһʿ
ýӴ˵ʿ⻹һ࡭
Ҳһʿ㵭ĵľϵͻ֮Ҳҵı
˵ʱһϸϸð˳ƺһ㣬ĴתתȻಡһ¾ջڡ
ģҲҵĵڶ壬֮ǰұȥеĳ٣ڣֻҪˣȻٻĳ٣ҵ衣
˵ͷȻͻ˷ܿƵˣǲŽв
֮ǰͷڴȾʱ򣬼ܹʮ٣ٶ˾ͿƲˣڣֻҪΨһһĸ壬ĸܿƶٳ٣һٸǼٸ
ʱ̨ı磬ͲκλĶתͷԷ
ʼ򣬲ûлش
СҪǿɲϺͶԷһ絽˭ǿ
Ƕˣֵˡнѷ
ʲôýܵģҵѹ׵ĹǶˡȻ⼸ͻƣﵽͨ쾳ʵǱϣûʲô仯
Ц˵ˣǶʿǸɵĽɫֻˡ
ҲЦǰԼں氲ĴˣƺҲء
ȥĶнüɫʡ
Сӵʵȥֺŵյ˰ɣʡ
ȻˣֺŵյҲƷޣǵʵȫܹȥ
ôҸϵյذɣЦŵ


37 
طǹ󰡡
ڷǿҵҪ֮£СӻǾȥԽΪյأѡһ֮ǵĿ궨˱ֺδյأλġߡ
ƺޣ˻ѪŵĵطȻʵϣڱֺյУ߾ѶΣȴһѧԱǺЩʵɢǷǳͷ۵յء
ԭܼ򵥣֮УɱУָޣҲھʵδرͬյе޸ǿսϣȴҪɫ֡
ɢǽħڳ͢ǿԻʹͺͲģʲôޣõͬĲͬȴ£ҶɵӣȻϣܹٻԾö֮ϵյгɢޣԽԽ٣ˡ
һʼʾҪһյصʱнǷԵģڼȻ֪ڽϵյҪӵĳһЩοľϵʿȻԸϵ޾һЩҲǽϵʿϽϵûκεƣȻӵĳ
ȴ˵ǡ
ɢȥ٣㹻ȥЩȽϺûһЩյصĻ˵ʿģ޶࣬ܰҲ򲻵һͷޣ˵Ҫ̣ʱ䶼˷Ѱˡ
ֵطɢ޻ȥֻжٷʱʱɳȥһϢöƷӡɱƽԵȥҲû޴򣬾һЩҲܱʱ䶼˷ѰϺõöࡣ
֮󣬼Ҳܿıʾͬ⣬ڼ˵ҲϣԼܶһЩ֣ʱĵطԽӽԴôٶȣȻҲԽ졪ǻҪԼ׵ļ¼ء
нԼȥЩյ춼򲻵ޣżһͷ䵥ģҲܱѧԱߵ龰ҧ˵ͷ˵öԣ󣬼Ȼˣôô˵ҲҪƴһѣ
ǵнļЦúܿġ
ֻҪͨʱֿʼԹˣ֮ǰȥЩŵĵطܺ󲿶һͬͨģ·Ҳ˵ö࣬źΪζ࣬Դ۴úһ߻ûʲôȥ·ѶԼ͡
һ˶ʮ֣˼ʮ֣Сӵļҵ֮һ
ӲˣܿͷⷽıԹЦŶԷͼͶԽ󣬻رԽ󣬷ĻȷʵǺе
ЦԺĺʿˣнؽ΢СʿǾ÷ǳȤ
һ̤ͬ봫ʱƯԺϿյĺɽǳ鶯һ£Ȼ¶һЦݣһһϵӵܣһƽ񡭡ϣȤ
ʼ˸âһ⻪˵ǰɫʼѸٵı仯һ̣Ǿһɽ֮ǰ
ɴ½ޱߣɽĵطɽ಻飬Ȼɽȴһ
ûɽԲڣֻһɽһģָ죬ƺ춼ҪͱһĹʹĴɽ
׶ɽˣȻ½ϵԪĵطȴҲϵĵطɽɱ֮⡣˵ɽԶŵʱҲͨɽһųɽڵŨ֮ļ֮£ԭֻаɵ壬ʼһһ峤ߣɽǿʼ𲽵Сճֻй¸׶ɽһߴɣֱָ죡
ܵȴмʶнǼ㡪ȻԺȻҲǸ徻ĶӣԶɴ½ϵķ飬˵ָƣҲ˽Ķ࣬˵׶ɽ
Թԣֻǰɽǧɽ׶ɽĳȥҪͱһнզ
Ҫͺˣ˵ӷɴ½ɽˣǻʲôɣʲô˳׶ɽģɽȥˣ
ĻнͼЦȻıЦȴԱ
ˣȻ٬ұɣƽӵܣôûʶ

ȻԷδʲôøУȻʱô˵ҲĶѣ˵ҲԵûʶˣ
Լֱתϸϸĳٴĺ󾱴˳һ̾ͻıӰˣ
ͬʱһصܳ˱Ӱ֮ȻĳٴóȴҲ˼һ
˶ԷӣԷûл֣֪ԷԼݣҲûнųˣ١ಡһص·ڣնȹƮɡ
ݹֱ
ɣ
ҡ
𲨡
ƤɫѧԱͷԼ֣ЦԭǶңӵܡҾһѧǧҪܹҵСӣڳԣ
нڵԷͣǶĴңֻǧЩûˣڰ˴֮УǵشͺһǼǧ˿ƵĹϵʲôĶҪСЩ
˵ͷһǲ֣㱻Լŵ򶼳ˣȻôɵķŹԼȻھ壬ѧԺͺǼйصѧԱҲǲ٣ֻҪûºԼңҲǸ鷳顣
Ϊ׵ɣż㣬΢΢üͷߵǰһЦҲû˼ֻλСֵ˿ЦӼһ㣬ųԲѷû˼
ȻǸĽɫ˼֮ʵλҲǵİɣԺѧԱҪһͬӣǿ
ԥһ£Ҳ۲ӣֻԷ˶ǶƷΪСʵ֮ǿ˲٣һͬӵĻҲռ˵顣
֪УҲô̶̵ദҲܵнӰ죬ʼϿˡ
û˵ǰ̤һЦ벻˰գϾӣСӣֵЧʣҲ֮нͲأҿǼǵãкܶСһ֣ͬӰЧʡ
Ȼ˵úܿȻȴֱӵľܾ˶ԷӵҪ
û˵ˣ΢΢˺һԼ̬ȡСӣ
λСֵܶԼʵ
ûţôʸԺѧԱдյ΢Ц
Ȼ˫ôţôģЦͶʮڣڴ򵽵Ļ֣˭򵽵ĻָߣӮһҪóԼûֵɸԷô
ɣЦ𲨵ΪˣһƷһһƷһͨ쾳Ĳͱǵٷ֣Ĳ۸
ʼҲȥǵǴḷ́нҲ̲ס˵ˣƷʿʼ־ٷ֣ȷСҪٷ֣Ļ˵óɣϴƤҲ̫һЩ
ʼֵĻռ˱ˣӮˣҪһĻ֣ôҲҶģͻȻڵ
нͬʱһ㶣нҪ˵ʲôȴǱ͡ʱڲִȻֻǸ˿Ц
˵ģɣԾˡ
ȻСĻᣬôҲǲŹġ΢΢һЦ
ǡˣ


38 ֱȥ
ɣΪǣ˫ͶһξѪֽԼӡͻԺ֮εĶԼˡ
˫ľѪΪǣͻԺ⵵ûˣȻصԺ֮֮ԶĿ۳˵Ļ֣Ȼӵʤһȥ
Լ֮󣬷ɣ˵ͷȻнͼ㣬һͬ׶ɽ֮ȥ
뿪ıӰɣЦһȻǲ֪ߵغ񡭡ƷĲͱ˵ˣˣһľϵϵƵģһϵҲûʲôƣһƷһһƷСӵսȴʿ޷Ψһһнģֻͨ쾳Ϊɽ϶δܹɵǻٻ֣ӮǲŽмˣ
ǰҲͬϴ˵ϵʿͿƽϵޣǲŻᵽοϴľ˫ϵսʿ˫ϵʿˮ˫ϵʦʺôӮǣ
ӦһܾˣΪʲôǴĶء˳˼˼άΪݣΪֵܵаݵǾʦĽɫܴĸ˵СӶӮδģǷȴͬĴġĽˮˣ
ǴΪǶѣҪ̫ˡɹǻǲҪʱ䣬ƽʱĽȥܹһһǧϵĻֻ֣ҪùˣҲԽǣ
ɣ˵ͷ϶˵ûʱֻ̫࣬˷ǵʱ䣬߰ɣѾһˡ
𲨵˵ͷϴ϶Ļȷʵûɶʱ࣬᲻ҲǷһֲأΪıҲʵʵʵѹסԷôԷͲκεĻᣡ
ֵֵʱ򣬷нѾ߽ߣȷԷԼĻ֮нŵעǲǲִһ㣿Ļ֮һĻ֣Ǿ޴ʧ
ȴȻѾˣôپҲûɶ˼ˡ
ЦӱϿȷʵûκεĻᡭʵԱɣʺ֮ǰ˵Ҫӣȴû־飬ǾãǺˣʲô
нͷȷʵӵĻֲܾ֣ǵʵȫܹһ·ȫ޷ûֻ֡ҪǺˣбҪ𣿡
ģǵʵƣҲͻһȥǵʵ϶ܹڱԼջ£Ǽ򲻵Ǹʱǵʱ䣬ɾͰװ˷ˣϾʵƣǺ˦ǡش
ǾͲ𣿡üͷһ䡣
ǣͬĶ𣿡ʡ
ȻᡣнͬʱҡͷֻܿƣһƶɵӲŻĶġ
ǲᣬҲᣬΪŵġ΢΢ЦҴӦˣǾͻ룬ǲʲôıʲôʤİա
ǲף۾һ
ǵġ¶ǵĹâ£ǵȻԼǣȻյʲô
нˣȻǰƽʱķʽȥȡøĻѹǣΪǼʤĻ֡
ˡЦһǾܹñʱ䣬ûˣʱˣ֮һĻ֣ܹõĻ֣Ҳ϶Ⱥһ·֮£õҪࡣ
΢΢ĵͷĽͣȷʵõѡ񣬼ȻԺѧԱںͺǼҹϵеļ壬ôںǼҵõ棬Էʲô£ѧԺڣһЩ鷳ͳЩӹѧԱ顣
ڣȴ˹ϵɣ飬£ɣǵһʱҪǵģǱסԼ棬ûӮǵĻ֣֮Уǵ˼ͱˣҲ˷Ŀռʱ䡣
Ķ̶ʱ뵽ô࣬Ҳü̲סЦ˵һ䣺Ĺӣࡣ
Ҫѡʼ򣬺ʹӵܱȷʵҪøһЩܹ֤Լܹõȥ
Ҫʲôнüɫʡ
Ҫ
нмһ߳׶ɽɽߣһʩչһСһССˮǰ֣ʼһߣһˮϻʲô
ģߵƽͼ
߹㣬һ㣬ǴɽϣЩһƷޣСʵǿ൱ڶޣɽҪٺܶ࣬ϰ߸жȻʵٶƷеƷƷȻһͷޣõĻҪڶöࡣ
ǲһнǵķóȺüͷ˵һ䡣
ģⲻʲôܣԶɣ˵Ҳž޴ģΪĬɱҲԶԶǣԳˮһɽϣǻɱٶҪǿö࣬ҪӮֻнƫ棬һɽϣȥڶޣ
㻹Ӯнһ
ʼ򣺡Ȼˣʧ˻֣Ҳ˵кôҲ˵Ѿڲ֮ˣ£ǻҪʲôõĵҲûʲô˲Ӯ˾ͻиĻرǿƷʿûֵһ룡ǲ취ȥӮǲŽɵˣ
ϲнҲЦȷʵѾڲ֮صĶԼľ棬вҶĵģ
οܹһֵıģƷ޻ɱһͷǾܹ֣ȻɱһƷ޻õĻҪöˣ޶ͷϵĽǣҲǶƷĲϣܹͬһ֣Ҳ˵ɱһͷޣǾҪɱֻɽϣ
ˣһɱɽϵעһԶһΧķɱ˾۳һŵɽϣټһܼӳֵʦɱɽǵٶȿ˿ɲֹıüͷ˵
͹ϵһʱˡ
ЦһɽȻ࣬ȴҲûൽôŵĵزҪЧȾҪĳһƬطɽϾۼ̵ʱ䣬ҲҪȥأ޶һͷһͷֵģ̶ܼȻԶСɽϣҲһߴһƶúãȫɱһͷһͷֻҪúãҲûлᡣ
šȷʵôǾֱӽɡ㱻˵ˡ
ҪҲĻô죿нһ⡣
ģΪǵص㣬ڶЧʣûһߡгĵҲ뵽ǻڶиߵЧʣʤİգ
ʲô취нɻʡ
ʱǾ֪ˡ΢΢һЦ
Ȼ˵ʵУνģļͲǼ㻹нޱȵôƻļһܵģнĿ÷ֵ£ѸٵŤתƣн赶ɱ˵ĸɵ׷ɱһƷʿ
һ·˼׶ɽɽ֮ǸŻͻͽĶڣ
յأ󲿷ֶĶߣۣȴİۣռؼ㣬ޱӡյ֮ڣ޷ƽ
ǽȥֱȥ㣡


39 
ߣȷʵ˼ҺѧԺ棬Ծڵĸյضǲȡǵ̬ȣֻÿյص֮Ŵ߲µķӡ޳ɳܹвӡĵزӡŻӦһѧԺȻҺѧԺɳ֣նɱвޡ
ܰյĻ˾ûĵصˣҲǳɳµĵزϾڷɴ½֮ϣʿֻƷϣȻЩޣеʹ֮пƷϵʵģǸʱ򣬶½ѡ
ķӡڲ⣬յڵڳ¶޷ͻƷӡ£Ҳ֪Ҫӳȥǲܵģڷͨӡʱǲûпʲôɽϡ
鷳ˡ
ЦŶнͼûͻƵڣܹУɽƽʱʳսϵԪģշУܹЩɽϣﵽһ㡣
нһץס˷ȻǰȥշУн
һֱŶѨ˽ɡߵĶѨյزһǳµģǳϵġ׶ɽԽǿλã֮ԽԽߣ޵ʵԽǿ
ϰ֮󣬲ǹһķΧÿһ֮䣬һϲ㣬²ɽҲϲȥȻĻ޲ԽͽϵԪ棬Ҳϲɽϵģһϲ㣬ɽϿͱ޸Եöϸˡ
飬ȴܻڤڤиκһ·ν޾֮·ˡ
һֱɹǴϲ㣬нŷ˷˵ڶ֮ҪֱӷȥѾǲܵˣ޿ɲǴɽףȻҲɻ޵֮£кէͬҲǿԷеޡ
ﻹڿзУǾǸ޵ӡ
ڿԸǣ׼ʲô취Ը˰ɣ㵭ʵǴľϵʿߵĻʵȻѹƣȴҲе˷ǳĲ
ȻбףĻȻüеҲڵľϵԪʼԷĵֵ֮ϮЧҲҪһЩ
޻϶Ǹռһ̣Ҫǵǣ̵ʱڻɱ޵㣬Ŀǻ֮ڣȻ¶ż̵ǣǵҪܳʱܹĳԣȴܹõġ
ϸҪģǵϡ
˵ķȷʵҪ˵ϡ
ȻɽϵԪͽϵƷͷȫȴҲµĵطֻҪǽϵƷͷһ£ͻԭʼĽϵԪڡ
ɽϵΪޣֻ̰ҪǿϵƷͻһʱɣнϵʿͳΪն
ıĽϵ㳯һͷ޷һöӵĻʲôĺ
Ŵ͡
нüĴҪ֪ҵı϶壬һֻ߸ڵʵֻƳţܹʮſӣһŶǾ޴ʧ
˼ѾˣıΪնȥŴ͡
ֻҪϺãıʧġ
Цﳯһͷ޷һöϵϴӣ޵ջޱȾ޴ģҲԼǣ㹫ҪͱȽҪˣŴͣҪͷӵʱҪһʱԳסͣһֱŴŵġҪάֶ೤ʱ䣬һ˲͹ˡ
˵ͷΪһƷʿļжͷǳɫӴܹöԷʵͬʱ̨ͿԿҪ֪ͨ쾳ʱ򾡹ÿʿõĶȻӱˣ֮ҲҪӵĳɫ
Ǳţ䲻ݷϣ˵̫ѵ顣
أҸˡ
ĵȻܿ˽𣬵ǶʱҪɱĽϵޣҲ̫ܣĿǻڡһ÷ƻǻڵĹ죬׵ֱ֮ƻĴԺ񾭣ֻҪܹϵúãɵһͷޣͻ˶ʱ䣡
нͼͬʱ˵ͷļƻѾȫˣּƻȫУҲ˵ҪѰ޵ټѵʱ֮⣬ֻҪϺãܹһͷ޾͸ɵһͷޣٶϣɣǻɱӴɽ
һʼǿҪһЩʱĥϣıпܻʧһЩġн
ʱнˣҲνˣϴμҲٵĺòϣҵĴأҵʵҾֱʮˡٵһһʱҲˡ
ղŻôۣһ
нЦ˵ԵȽϴ
ƻ֮н֪ԼʵСռ˵ġϾýϵŴֻֻͣҪһһĽϵʿܸɣһ㶼ѣó޶ʱ޷£ͺʱֱӴڲɵޣֻǲʲô˶ܸɵġ
Ӿ£ȻԼܵһʧ
һУ˿ʼǰߵڶһб£бϵģǰʱһֻǶгɵʿ弸ʮȵߣҲǸеʲô㣬ƽǰһġ
ǰ˼·֮ǰķͣ˽Ųнͼ̧ͷȥһͷſڵϣڣȻһûһΧء
˵⣬ôнŵԴϵϴ죬ԽϵԪʱ̴ıǾǶľζ
н˿ͷȻͬʱ˵ͷʾԼ׼һҧʳָųͷһ㣬ͺһ
һöӲӵеḶ̌Ȼ֮ͬһģ޵ͷϷߴ˹ȥ
ӿʼɹȥʱԭ޾ƺŵʲôһʼ̧ͷĴڿԼͷӵʱԭǵһ˿Եģ˿̰Ϣ
һ̣޾ͷһͬüι׵˻УȻ˫ᶼ˶ֻǴ׳˫ĵ˵ϣ׳Ŵ;ҪӿֱӰѼɹȥӸ
Ŵͣȴûӵʱ򣬼ѾˣµӡڿͻأĳĲסͻ򢣬ż˫һ֣޵;ֱӱ󡭡
Ϊķ޵Ϸ޿ԼϷһӰ֮ʲôˣķУ׼ȷľɽǻ˸ϡã
޵Ĳ˻ûڷУһ̣һͻƾճ֣׼ȷĻѾõ޵˳ѪƤѸߣ˲ʹ޵ȫ
޼ȫѾˡףͬ½
ɿٵʱȫ챻׵˵ޡžડһˤ˵ϣҲܶ
˳־޶ͷϵǸССǣЦŶн㹫ڣѾĸֵˡ


40 Ѫս
һж
ܲڵڶλãǺ֮ǰͷһ㣬ڿ⡣
ڽʱܷÿѰһͷޣ˳ɱ˶Էȡ˶ԷĽǡ
Ȼȴÿζô˳
һ죬ǵĶǶƷޣһǻɱ˶ʮͷޣõĻִﵽ˾ʮ֣ƽһ˾ʮ֣нϲüңڹȥʱһҲܹõٷֵĻ֣ϾǸսЧ൱ĵ͡
ٶȥһֵܷŰٻ֣ɣǣֵܵĻҲٷ֣ƽʱҪˡ
ʿز˯˯ʲôģѾҪˣеʿ˯ߵϰߣУȴû˻ȥϢģκʱ䣬ޱȱ
ֻ賿ǰڰǶʱϢһʱͿʼԼڶж
׶ɽɽ֮УȻǰգȻʿҹۣɽҲ˳
ڽ̤һͷ޵ĻΧ֮󣬷ͻȻꡱһͬʱſһСֻ¶ֻ۾ǰȥ
ǰһͷޣȻͷޣͷһޱǿҪöˣ֮ǰޣ޷ҲһͷСͷޣ弸ܹһͷţ
ôޡƷġн
ţ㿴Ľǡ޼һԵƷޣƷ۷ϵ֣ҪͻƵڣӵԼӤƷޡ˵ͷ
·ˡƷ޾ʮ֣ĽҲܻʮ֣Ʒޣа˿ݣҲܻһֵģǣšֻҪܹ˳£ͷƷ޾ܻʮ֣ǴͷƷޣнüɫĵ
Ҫ֪һͷ߳һƷޣѶȿɲֹ˱üͷСӵʵ㹻𣿡
ʵҪǾֻһˣȥĥһ죬Ҳܰĥҵн˴֣ٺٵĵֻһ˵Ļҿ϶˵һľˣϾʮ֣ƽʱҲѴ򵽡СиĴַʽǵģҲȥôδҪðա
΢΢̧ͷԾֿʼĦԼ°͡ǰС˵ʱ򣬸С˵ѧģǸ˼ʱ򣬾ϲĦԼ°͡
øղַпѸٻɱͷƷ𣿡ûм½ۣһ⡣
ӦпܣȻƷǸǿһЩʢһЩһЩǵսνץס޵㣬ǿҲ㡣
нʮĵ֪ԼıЩжôջˣ˵ÿͷķޣǿһʳҰһǲûĳʳζɢζȴѾջǣ
Ƿֺ˵Դջһıܡ
ֻҪŴͣĳҲ쳣ԣܹ޶ʱ޷ѣķ֮ѸٵĴڸƻнãֻҪҲֻйҵĿܡ
šȻЩΣգգֵһðֻҪɱͷƷ޵ʱ䣬ܹƽʱʮʱ֮ڣǾ׬ˣϾѰҶƷޣҲҪķһЩʱأ
ҿн㣬ʺϵһˡ㿴ŷһСüСӣ̲סЦһ
㲻аƽԲͻ׼ˣ
ŷһнܵı塪һսѾѸٵӦսࡣ
츳ˣнḻĽȻΪ档
нһ֣һöӿʼѸٵĳͷ˹ȥͼͬʱס˷׼ʱ֣
ʱ򣬾Ϳͷ޵Ĳ֮ˡ
ûƷһŵɢ֮ʱ¶һģȾĿ˿ܣȻ̧ͷŷɹӡ
һӦûΣաܹѹס֤ܵͷ޵Ĳ
нԼѾסԼϢһ˿Ϣûб¶
ûвʲôʱ޻ǵв¶һ˿̰˫ῪʼӶӴѸٵڿշ𣬷ɵӷе·ϣŴͣ׼һڽȥ
ƿգͬһģ˲Ͳͻ򢣡
ڳٳֵһ˲䣬ƺѾ˲ԣʼսͣҿʱյü׼ٶҲ죬ȫ֮ǰס򢣬˫һ֣Ҫͣ
޺бһŭٷ֮֨֨޵磬Ҳ޷
ֻ̫άסľ桭
̼ĺУѾ˻磬޵ǰ
ֻſôһ㣬޷ȥķӦҲǼ죬Ҳʲô֮ˣһһĽģŷһּ̽һʹ޵ĳݷͱ˽ȥ
нʱҲûţŵٴ˸ٴ֣ȫģнҲ˹˫ס޵ĳ죬޵졣
һͱȥʱ޷һƵĲ˻ִ˺üȴܲˣڸоѾͱ޿ǻ֮󣬾ʹһף
ִĵ绡ӷг֣ȻŽ⣬һ·ӿţţӿ޵ڣ
ܵ硣
һ˲䣬ͽԼܹԪȫת֮ӿ޵ڣȻֻͨ쾳ʵȻһ˲ԱһһƷʿ
ٶȷһ춯صĴȻŴ͡
ˣ㾪ϲĺǷ֤Ѿûʲôأ
˭֪һ̣Ŵͣ͵һϣ
ס͵ĳ٣еĽ⣬һ֮£ȫѣ
㾪һһСѪ˳˳ȥҲΪķ֮˳ȥ
ȻѾܵشǿֻҪͣҪɵͷޣԵ൱ˡ
죬ֻΪķϵôһʱΨһûбȥнͻȻһ
ȻԼ˫֣ȻӲͱ޵
һ˲䣬нѾԼĽϵԪȫ˵˫֮ϣ˫ֱޱȼ̣Ǿڽ޵ķҧ֮£ɷһҽУı۹ǣͬʱѣ
Ǿһ˲谭޻ûܺԼ͡
ȥļû˹ˣȻʩн˫֮˳нֵ޵ķ֮ѾɳȥķȴڿͻأһͣȻżһ㣬ٶȥ
ȥĹУ˫ָ߾٣һ֮ǰ׳öĵг֣һ̣˫֣ȫнıϣ
нΪý⣡
ڷ˫ưнϵʱн˫֣ץס޵ͷ
ղŵĴУͷƷѾǿ֮ĩٴ⵽ڳ鴤һ֮Ȼأ
һѪսڻɱͷƷƷޣ


41 г
ӴأκϢ֮нŷĹЦȫɵĳ
˫۹ۣȫҲΪΪĵ˲ᡭô˵ƴС˳ĸɵһͷƷޣ
һأӵıϣ̽һڵ
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̧ͷЦȻֱ۹ۣԳ˵ü£ʿ˵ȴʲôο֮ǰн˫۴֮ҲֵһִֻҪϣȻ˰ˣʱھκá
Ұˡ㹫ȥͷһ£
Щɵ˼һ䣬Ҫ֪ƷޣõϵͶˣǡݡƤëÿܻĻ֣üһɣ˳ȾŮȥְƤ飬ҲЩ˼ڡ
ȴû˵ʲôȻҲóƣȻľϵԪӵûʲô棬ƻã˫۹ۣľϵԪûκãֻûϵԪ½ϱ۹ǣܹѸٵ
ֻзˣɨսҲֻпˡ
ʼ˶ڵԪнен˫֮ʱ򣬿ʼתɻԪϵķнı۹Ƕ֮
۵öͷ϶Ǻ飬ȻҪѸٵȬֻİ취һڻ۹Ƕ֮ȻԽԪ齨Լı۹ǡ
Ҫ֪ڵʿڳڵʱѾ´˹ڵҪѾޱȼ̵Ĺڻ֮ٺһ̣֪Ƕôۡ
۵ķҲкܶ࣬ǶҪʱʱǿ˷Ѳʱ䡣
ѹԺѧԱô졭ÿ£ʮɱһԶԿһ;пѵǲŽмˣ
ԺṩһзʽͶѧԱǷѵѵѧԱս顢־ڸָµض֮ѡѹָҶɳӵܽѧԺҲΪڷɴ½ϣһֱ
һյĹ֮ӵ˫۲ȬˣڵͨƣǶСƣת֮£ҲǺ׵ġ
ҲԼ񡪡һǡ˿һƤЩܹһʮ֣ϲɱƷ޻õʮ֣ʮ֣ȻۣȴҲֵõģ
ϻƺۼнϺ˫ֶմѪ۵ļ㣬ټϷͬʱĴЦ
Ŭõرĸоã
˲ɱƷ޵ľ飬ǣ߶㣬Ϳʼøӵˡ
Ʒ۷壬߶ܹﵽߵʵͻƵƷ֮޾ͻߵ㣬Ҳһ㣬ΪŸŨĽϵԪܹṩǵʵٶ
ʱ䣬ǿʼϵѰޣһĲɱ֮ǵĻҲʼÿ춼ȲȻĴ۲СнıϵʮſӣڲϵУѾʮһţȻͻõĻֱȴֵõġ
ʮ֮󣬷߶Ѿնɱ˶ʮͷƷޣʮͷƷޣջ
һ㡣
ɣҺںһʮֻɽϲţɣסеɽϣڱȽϰȫĵطٻһļзɽϣǲϵɣϵΪҼӳŷķӵĴһ㡣
һʱ֮ʮֻɽȫյʣһʼϢ
һܹɵͷɽϣʮѾŪǧİٶ֣Ȼʵ˵Ժ㲻ǶģĬ໥ֲÿζܹŪ㹻Ļ֣ÿΣ˵ڰ˰ڣȺܶʵǲѧԱҪߡ
ǸƺͼӳֵģҲָ磬ڿλֳڵϢʱĹȻĵһС֮ʼ̽˻õĻ֡
ÿСӣԶ¼֮ÿɱһͷޣͻӦĻ֣˵ĻּѾﵽǧ֣ǰ˰֮ڣҲǾܹﵽһλá
ƽʱ𲨻ῴΧʵСӵĻ֣һ½ԼпλõģΣȴֱҪǵĻ֡
һǧһʮķ֡ǷСӵĻ֡
ֻ֮ʾɱ֮õĻ֣ϲ㣬ǸɵʮͷƷޣһͷʮֻöʮ֣ʮͷƷޣһͷֻ߰ʮķ֣ټϳʼʮ֣ǵĻֻ֣һǧһʮķֻ֣ɣǻֵ֮һһ㣡
һ֮һֱЩԾ𲨲ȫķģʮŴһǧٶ֣˶ʮǧ֣ȫǵĶְ
𲨲֪ǣͷĲϣԶһһǧʮ֣ǽӽǧٷ֡Ȼ֮ĻֻһĲ࣬ȻĲ࣬ȴǲֲġ
ɣҴӵϢѹ֮𲨾ЦŽǵĻָ˿ɣͬЦԡܹõĻ֣ȷʵǲˣֻǱԶأ
ǴȻǴĶģҲãҴЦŵ
ȴҡҡͷڵǾãǺܴҪ֪ǲǴģǿǻߣϺǵҵģѹԵʵȫҪ򵽵йǴҲ򲻹ҲܲԶһҲ̲ʲôĻ֡ʵһʼǴġ
ɣ˵ͷҲ׹ˣڴע֮ǶʮҲܹõǧ֣ɣҲܹһǧ֣ƽ䣬ÿܹٷֵʣ࣬Ļ֣Ȼǽǰһǧ뽹ԴȴҲ㹻ڽԴΧҵһ൱λãҪ֪мʵǿнҲֻΧڵλã˵ѾǺܲˣ
ǡǲϵˣЩͷԵʡ
ϵˣĵȴǶкôġ
΢ЦǰնõϵĺǵҵĻôֵͷҲܵӰ죬Ҫ֪ǵףҲΧλãأǺܼҵģҲΪһֱܹ޼ȫĵȥ֣ܹԶƷʵǰ˰һСģǵĻֿܻ䵽һǧ⣬ʱڵλöʧȥʲôô
ǺҺǼҰ񰡣ܲôֹһ
ǰǱأǺǴˣӮˣܴɵĻ֣Ĺͣ˵ȥ壬ҲԵø󡣡Цأôɲ٣һǻǿԺƽʱһ㹻Ļ֣ǻܴӮһֻ֣ҲǵĻж˼٣⼸٣˵ܹǰأʱٶȣӵĿ죡
ǰ
׹ˣ𲨵ļ򣺡мģӣǵĺôɾ̫ˣ
ҿʼǲı֮Ҿͷˣȫɽϣõֺ˵ǲûʲôֻҪȥֶǾ޴ĻǾˣĻԽ࣬ӮĻҲԽ࣡гĵ£Ҫǰ


42 ð
ɣҺ𲨿ʼӻȥɱɽˣǲûҪȥǵңΪԾӮ˵ǣҲԸʱȥû֡Ͼÿʮ֣ǵģǵô󣬷ҲϲϣôȻϣܹĶһЩ֡
ȻҺǼҪǸ鷳ǱϾûĳͻҲȥԼиĺôӵҪǻòãǾɵˣ
߶㡣
ÿѰһͷ޵ʱн֮ᷭɣǵĻֲж֪ݵȻҪӵϸֻҲȷʵŵġ
ʼʮ֮ǺɣĻֲٶ֣ȻǵԽԽҵҲԽԽ࣬ȻྡڲϵСȴƺ֮ǰܹĨƽġ
ʼڶʮһ죬ɣСӻֵĲ࣬İپʮ֡
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ʼڶʮ죬ԲɣСӻֲ಻ûСپʮһ֡
ʼڶʮ죬ɣСӻֲ࣬ʮ߷֡
ʼڶʮ죬ɣСӻֲ࣬پʮ˷֡
ǲа
ڶʮ죬нЩüĵںǻʮֵĲֻ࣬ʣһʱˣǿӮŶ
ЦѾõܹǧ˰ٷ֣ɣҲʣǧ֣ƽһõ߰˰ٷֵӣƽʱõĿɶˣ𣿡
㣬ѾŬһ£Ҫ䡭˵ģҲòˡ
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ʱļ㣬ѾһûʣȴԵú׸ĳȹǻһɫĶ̴򣬰ĸ첲Сȶ¶棬˼Ӻݻȴ˼¿ˡ
Ǿ취ȥӮɡ
ЦܹǣôյĻпܳǧ֣ƽÿǧֵĻ֣㹻ǽ뽹Դϰ벿Ӯֻܼϵµ𣡡
㹻Ƕһˣнݺݵĵô취ȥӮȥ͵ϮǣǴзϣ
һĭǺԼϴںװһƷһһƷһͨ쾳ɵƷ˵ˣѧԺϽѧԱɱģڼ䡣
ٺ٣ֻǿЦ˵ģҪôӮнٺٵЦȻǿЦԺѧÿѧԺĲƸʱͨͬʱϾͻѧԺӡǣֻҪ˳ǳ֣ѧԺͻ֪˭ʱ£Ź˺ѧԺѧԱ֣
ϴħѡѧԺڳֶǵȥҲΪԭѧԺѧԱµӡǣħ޵ϢΪУѧԺڣħ޳ɹĿԻ
ҪӮǣǾ͵һõٸ֡
˷⻰нͼ㶼û˵ʲôȻһϻǾɣСӻʮֵĲ࣬ɣСһܹһٷϵĻ֣Ҳ˵һ֮ɣСܹȷСӲİٷ֣СֻһõٵĻ֣ܹζעʤ
ؼǣҪôٷ֣ǰǷСûһ죬Ҳõٷֳͷȫ޷ֲȱ
ȻҪƴˡĵ㣡ѰһͷƷ޻ɱһͷƷޣɱ˾ܹһٷ֣ϸЩϣֵҲİٸ֣һͷƷ޵ٷ֣Ӯ¶עΨһϣ
ƷнЩԾˣҪ֪֣ȻɱһƷ޲̫ѣȻƷޣȴѾԽǵļޡ
ƷƷֻһƷĲ࣬ȻÿһƷ֮ʵȴر𣬸ҪǣƷ֮ʿΪڣޣͬʵϻһʵķԾ
Եнһ˾ĥһͷƷޣȻȴ֪ԼƷǰ߲һУʵսҪʮƷʿܹԸһͷƷޣڷСӣԶԶûʵ
֮ǰҲûʲô취ڽ죬ҵǾѾлˡѵûвǵ㹫һµɱ棬Ѿ˷ԾĽ𣿡΢΢Ц
нԾĿż㣬ЦЦĺ˷һۣô㷢𣿡
ǵģԸͷƷ޵ʱҾͷˡʱ䣬÷ǳĿ졣Ц
ϵԪĵطüǳĲȴҲ̼ʱ޿̵ĲڷٽľϵԪϢ֮⣬ϵġϵĵϢϵĻָ֮£ʵٵţ
㹫治ţһͻƵһƷһͻƵƷĽٶȣĹ£ٶҲδػôɣн
͸ʲô΢ЦʵϣͻƵô죬һöľ鵤ĸչصʱ򣬱ͷһö鵤ҩͻƵһƷҲֻǺķʮ֮һҩΪҪһʱȫյҩģȻһڣϵԪϵĴϢҲĵʣҩҩ֧֮£ٶȲŻһǧͻƵ˶Ʒ磡
ϲɺأǣ㹫ͻˣ޷ҲƷʿ㹫Ǵľϵʿ֮һĶƷʿսҪǿö࣬ȻҪԸһͷƷޣδ
нüͷ㹫ڼܹӳӽƷʵȻһͷƷޣֲܹܣҪɱһͷƷޣǲġ
˵ҪﵽĿ꣬Ҫƴǻǵą̃ùķɡĵ
ǵãĻҲǺܴ󡣶ƷޣҲ̫ˡüͷ
ڻʱ򣬾ַɱһͷһƷ諳棡ܹϵʹַһʱ䣬ƷޣҲܹˮ
ʱ޷Խһ󾳽磬С磬ƷޣҪ߳󾳽磬ĸС磡ȷ㹻ʱʹķ𣿡ҡҡͷϿɷĻ
ǻ𣿡ЦƷʿӦܹϵҵķ׳Ͱɡܿ˽ԴԴϵһܹһнϵޣģûһ˿ʵĽϵޣȻޡɴ½ϻûаɣ
ðաнһܹܲɲϵɱˣһ⡣ڶķֵ֧ܲԷɥһ⡣ֻһʱˣĥʽɵƷޣһʱ乻һ⡭ûаգǵʤʣߡ
ȷʵûаգǡǲȥԣôǾ䶨ˣһǼڶת޷ҲǶϼʮ֣ܹӮأ֣ӮǧֻмĲ𣬿ޱȾ޴ġΪʲôʱǲȥһѣ
˵öԡ䣡˫ü֮ҲֳһɷΨһϣһҪȥƴһѣ
ƴƴС󣬲һǰ·ûʣʲôµģнҲ˺ȥƴɣ


43 ׼
ƴȻƴ
ƷʿҪƴȥסһͷƷޣƴһͨ쾳ʿҪԼķȫΪһӲһͷƷޡ⻰˵ȥǻᱻЦġ
н⣬ȷʵᵽ˵ϣ˵ĵڶ⣬ķֵ֧ܲһ㣬ѽģڷȴҪĵġ
ǸĿռ䣬ڵԪ룬ԶٶᱥԪ֮ҲǻޱȿĵһʱԪĶ٣١
ҲֻзŴΪڵԪǻ֮ĳһǸռɢģҲͽԴɢԪһģҲܹ谭Ľܣڷĸ֪УǸռﴫԪȴӽԴյԪҪӵĴӵǿ
һ㷽ԼҲ÷ǳĳԾԴǽԴصľڣǸռܹṩԪôܱȽԴṩԪӴ
ôԼķв㣬⡪ͨ쾳ͷųķܲ˵ƷޣΣܹ˵һʱ䣬ܲܰƷ޸ĥ
⣬ǷǷܹһʱɱһͷƷ޵Ĺؼ
⣬Ҳûа취شֻһͷƷ޵ʱ򣬲ܹõ𰸡
߰ɣȥ㡣
໥һۣʼǰȥʱѾڶ㹻ˣվ˵Ѿ̫ԶҲƻܹʵʩĹؼ
ڵʱܹܲʱϻȥǵģ֮ֻǵ͵Ļô͵ǵʱѡ˫ͣ˫˵иôǣ趨Ļعʱ䵽˵ʱ򣬲ʲôط˲ı͵ص㡣
Ҳһǳ˳Ծ飬Ϊɴ½Ĵû˾÷˼ĹܣȻǣԺ޽ʱõĲϸӵϡӳֵķӵܴﵽЧ
ȻҲǲƣ͵ľ룬ҲǻһƷʯԺһֵļֵԶԶһƷʯģȴÿ㻨˶ʮ֡ΪЧҲΪ˱ѧԱĹУ̫ʱ˷ص·ϡ
һһĳţСĵıܿͷƷޡԽӽ㣬޵Խϡ٣Ϊ㶼ö޸еµĴڣԼͷųϢöǾûڣռҲΪҲһڵĵط
һϲ㣬нͬʱһ֪Ŀ飬ڵˡ
ܿҪˡϣܺһ㣬һͷƷޣǶԸĹޣջһ㡣
нЦŵͼͬʱͷ
߲ηһ㶼ɽϣֹ޼ǿ̫ǿĵزһƷ۷ǵļޣһƷ۷֮ɽϾͻѳΪʮֻոմﵽһƷʵɽϡĲѭһַǳͼģʽС
޾͸߼öˣҲǶƷΪɹͻƵƷ֮Ǿͻ㣬ֻޣŸָǿޣƷʵ߿ƷȻ޽ӽƷʱ߶ڵķӡͻᴫѶϢȻѧԺǶҵңڸǰ޳ȥƻڵķӡ
ʵϣߣǿ۷ĴڣҲ޷ǾǸոսӽƷޣƷĴڡ
ǽ㣬԰ȫϾƷޣ򲻹ܡ
СĵԽǴϲ㣬ʼųʶ¶ʺϸɣϾ֮ĺôķԱ˷֡
棬ʮ⣬һͷޡƷ
˿ʼСĵĳŷָǸǰ
ǵĻͬʱͷƷޣϾּޣỮسڶʱЩ޾һͷռһƬطŽԵԪ
Ʒ޶οƷޡ
һƮƮǰƶнһߵ߶ʲôϣܹһͷƷޣͿԼսش޵Ŀǻ֮Ȼĥվͻöˡ
ڽӽͷƷ޵Χ֮ͬʱͣס˽ŲʾнͼȲҪԼ˸ӡ˷УȻȥ
ָ䣬ͳȥ˷صнͼߡ
ôʲôޣнŵʡ
Щˡǽޣһĵ
нһԼĶͷɫҲ̫ÿޣز֮һ޸ĸֻڽϵԪԣĵطܹ۳Ʒʵ¼Ӳޱȣ͸ĵطޱȵļӲҪʳȻĽϵԪΪá
ޣҲͻƵƷޣҲǱңڸǻɱߵޡ
Ը⣬ֻӲĥˡҪǻ󣿡н̾Ϣŵ
һһͷҪܳʱҵô죿ֻһʱ䣬ҲֻɵһͷƷޡʱ䣬˷Ѳģ
ҧҧ۷ȶһЩܶõķ˵ˣҪҵһԪڽսУͷŵķŻûκη
нͼͬʱ˵ͷȻҪƴôȻҪ׼ãѴǳģҲһôǾأƶٶȲ̫죬ȫκβλǽϵԪɣôֻҪϵԪ㹻ǿ㹻־ãܹǣ
£Ҫʱ̲ϵһŽ޵нͼǣ޷ŷʩķȻ޲Ĵ䣬Ҫнͼû谭ܹ˳ķ䡣
ץסн֣Ȼڶȹȥһ֮ܿģɻ֮нȫнɵĻһԼԷͷʾˡ
žץ˼֣Ȼסˡһ˫޹ǵ֣ϸޱȣץģģǸӵֱֱϵ°
ʧһŵʱнԱ߿һ¶һ˿糺죬ɵŮ˵ı飬ȴǺѼġ
ѹķҲڨڨĲ˼ʱҪ˦Է֣Ҳ̫¶ۼһЩɴƤԼڵĻ֮˼ڣȻѸٵһܡ
ԼͬȻԼķΪͬͬԴ໥ų⣬Ƿɴ½֮ϣսѲսķȻ߿սķ໥ΪʲôԼ˾Ͳ˵ԼˣΪ֮ǰ׼
ڸܵԼȫȻݷ֮󣬼Ҳŷ˵ͷķſԼ֣żһ˫ֵĸоǡܰ
û˼㣬תȥҲǵͷû˵ʲôнԷüŪһȻֿһ
ҡҡͷȻϥһ̣ԪͿʼð˳ʼĲͷա
нͼΪ˷ҲʼӰԪ˸֪ǵʶ֮һһŵ̺žԪѾܲͷգ


44 ̥
нͼЩȻĸܲЩһһŵԪ֮ǰǲ֪ܹ֮ܵǲŷ֣һһŵԪУ̺Ŷôֲ
κһԪԽһʿȫʧȥֿʮԪһͬԻɱһͬΪͨ쾳ʿ
ͨ쾳ķȻ˿µɱ
һֱʱ򣬼̵ĸܵųƵġͬ޵Сﵽʲôĳ̶ȣ
ͬʱҲʼãʱͷھжԿԼãȷʵԩ
ǰѾƷʵֻһС磬Ȼսȴǰ˺ֹʮ
˼һζʮս̥һʵӣֺֹʮ
ѹѧԺһֱôص㣬ܹ˳ƷϵʵĻɴ½ֵܹסһҲֻд˵ɽˣܹԸ˰ɣԺͷ
ҲǾţڷɴ½ֶܹڳ𵽼õģ㵽˺ڣһʺõľƷʿҲܹһһľƷʿ֮ǰԽսɵҲ٣ڣչֳģԽսʵ
˿̣ȴڿЦ
άôԪڿʱԼٻ˵ҲǼһָʱҲάֶʮԪͨ쾳ܹ֮άֵ˺ܶ࣬ڴﵽŵʱҲԼҪﵽ˼ޡ
Ҫ֪ţ͹˵ģڿάţҪķѵģǷԴӱڽͨ쾳֮󣬾ϸ΢ĿǳɱάֵŵʱҲ˼ޡ
ڡˣȥס
˫Ŀ
˵һʱ˫Ŀ۽֮ѾѿһѪ۽ǳ˳Ŀģ
нͼʱ֪άôţŶôѹ
Ҳٲ˷κεʱ䣬нһȣĿ˷һۣһԵĸн
н˫һӣıըʣʮöΧƣʢͷޡ
ӯƮٳͬĹĴһ㣬Χڼߣͬķ˽ޣ
ĳ٣нΪǰ棬ų˽ޣ
ͷԭƺ˯Ľ;˹̧ͷһ
ӽðʱڿенĿεģһһޱĽתţԼ˹
ֻһ𣬾ܽʻ
ʱҲˣ˫һϣʮöǰЩӶޱȼӲĽϵϴɣ̶̳ȿԱ֤
һ죬Ľ֮нһһȻнȴһѪڿо˳ֻһ޵ıͳһһѺۣȻͻˡ
ſǱӣĿ޵У¶һ˿Ц⡪һ㡣
ӵֵ˵һƾѾԪˣȻҲһȥһ֮ٷƮ裬ͬʱ˽ޣ
Ŵ˷Լ˹ĳ٣վȻͬһͷȫմˮϹһ͵Ļ˦һ£
˦ȫëʱëͦ罣
ӽߵĳ٣޵ֿһģгƬɢ䣡
ɫһ䡪ЩٶıҲǸϸСĳٻģԱжϵҲȻЩ٣סһƷʿԷ׵ѣȴһӴ֮£ͱ޵ֿһгƬ
Ȼľ棬Ҳ֤ˣʵͷޱֱԶ
ǿӣҲᱻ׵ŵʼϵĴĳ٣˷Ĺ˽ޣûҲʱסԷ
ˡ
Կ籩һĴ˷˹ĳ٣޹ȻڲϵջţȴҲֻܲϵĻζ壬ԼëΪЩ٣ޣȴֻͨͨܿԼǿĽϵصȥԿ֣ڼռ˵ϵԶ߶ȥϮޣȻɱˣȴҲǣס˽ޡ
ʱ򣬷ʼˡ
֧ŵķ˫һɻ֮ɵſʼŽ޵ķȥҪȫĿŵƶÿǰһ϶ѳѪڣ
ЩȻǴӷڳģȻԶһƷʿȫͨ쾳ʵԦƷԪıģ
һһ˿ڷϳ֣ȻֻСˣȴ˾ʹ
£ľҲڲϵţ۽ǳ鶯ĺϳ֣ȴһֱڿ֧šǵģҲҪӮȻûֱӱȴһֱֳ̬ȡ
ҪӮ
ڣٸ˽޵ܣʮڽ޵ͷһ
ǵĻڽ֣ܳȻڽ۾ԾĿһĻʱŻѾţٵĳ˽ޣ
ȵĻðŻ⣬Ħʱ򷢳˳Ƶ죬˷˽ޣûκζܵأһȫԭֱͦ罣ëȫԼ֮ϣ
ž죬һһŵ˽޵ϣ
һŻڽϵʱнĿɢȥʱ򣬽ϱҵĵط˿
нһҲû̫˼أ֮伸ûʲôһ˲䣬Ļȫ˽޵ϣ
޷һʹ˻һŻȷʵûԽʲô˺ǵһŻ򡭡ܹʱģ
ʼɢȥʱޣѾһŻöڽϵʱ򣬲ûγɱըֱ˽޵ϣʼգ
޵ȫޱȵļ̣⿿ըû̫˺ģҲһ̣ը𶯣ҲˣԴһʼûдñըԸޣһֱڽ޵ϣϵķ壬һһĥȥ
ÿһö򣬽ܵͻһ֣ĸͻһ֡ϾֻҪҵ޵ϣͲҪٹˣٸӣÿҳȥһöϾһѹ
öȫҵ˽ϵʱ򣬷һȻһٶȳӯһ֣ʮöֱӳ˿УϲصĳŽ޳˹ȥڽ޵ϣһֱ֮תΪĻԪȫϣŻϨ
һգۣʮŻһգۣʮŻ
нͼ㿴ŷԴԴϵĴ߶ŻԪɵ໥һۣжǺȻ
ÿŻҲǺܴ󣬿Ƿͨ쾳ΪһֱֵڣԴԴϵٻ򣬾ڵļ㣬ûһʼͻ巽ĻҲ಻Ļ֮°ġ
һǸôԪôģޣܹۻôԪ𣿡нɵֹ
໥վŲ÷Ժ䣬˵ƷʿƷʿҲδܹӮһɡ൱š


45 
ڣܣ֮ѾΪһƬ𺣣ΪģѾһֿµĳ̶ȣϾ¶ֶǿģ˵ĳһŻȼյʱͷų޵ë˲һĻôôŻۻý޶ʼе˿־壡
һ֣鼧ƷʿٻĳٵëѾпʼ˾Ѿ𲽵Ŀʼ͸ƤʼоΣգ
һŭȻûʲôֻͨܿһȥսȻһ֮ƣȴޱͣǻðŻ⣬ͬͻͻһ㣬צơ
һˣǳŷȥġƷޣѾһǣȻ̫ȴҲܹоԼвģԶǸٻĿСļһǿĶ֣
ԾգȻԼ˹üͷ΢΢һ壬һûҵٶһһʮö֣˽޵ͷϡ
ȻҵúѹûлԼ˹ȥͷѾ֪ˣˣûٻܵĻֻҪɵһܸɵˣ
ڷ׼㿪޵һ˵ʱ۽֮ʢнȫð˻ͻͽ⣬Ϊʮ߿ӣӲصײ˽ޣ
顱һ죬ȻнȽ޵ȼһˣҲյĽ޸ײú˳ȥصˤ˵ϣ
һײнڱ֮ͬʱðѪʮ߿Ҳͬʱٶȳѷ죬ӵϣſĵЦݡ
գջ˵ģֻҪһһڣͲ˷ʱȥ
һߴһ˵ӣĵ˵ͷһ˽޵ϣ
֮ĽЩѣȻܿͲȻŭԼڱصõһˣȻһֻСϸײˣҪ֪нҲǽϵʿȴȽ޵Ʒײнˣȴû̫¡
˸޾վһٶȳŷ˹ȥ
нֽһͷĻͬʱ˹ȥͽ͵ײһ
һ£ײøأ
ޱ;أнȴڵһıײ˳ȥֱӾײɽڣǶɽУȻɽڵķ֮ɽڱײĵطһΡ
ߵɽڣŨĽϵԪޱȼӲȻײһΣɼܵķ֮жôĴ
һײҲûЧޱأصһ˲䣬ٻĳپͲס˽ޣȻŵ˼Զ
žٴαһĻ˹ȥһһʣͦס𣿡
Ȼͦס
нĵܿͻһľɥҵͦסҵЩͦסˡ
ʮöӣѾĵѺۣΣžҪٵˣ
ֻٵҲͷܵһ˺
н¶һ˿壬Ȼ˼ĳ٣ٶ˻Ľ޳˹ȥ
γȥʱнϵĴϵԪʣµʮöڣڽӽ޵ʱ˫͵һƣʮöȫ˳ȥ䲻ݷȫ˽޵ظ֮䣡
޷Ϊֹһ˻ʮöϵʱ򣬷˳Ƶı죬нıҲƷʿʱûʲôЧȻԸƷޣȴҲˣ
޲˻أظ֮һƬѪģѪҺнһͷһ
нзĲЦըѣԪҲʧ󣬰յ˵нûʲôжˣ
һ仰˵ųֳȥнѾܹ飬ֵˡǣסޣṩնԷʱ䣬н
ʩٶȸˣһһŵһڽҧò㳤Žޣ޷Զ
ȻϾͽʵϵľ޴蹵Ѿƴȫڽϵĳ٣ȴڲϵ֮УȥĳԶԶϲĳ
ڣ޷һŭĳ˻ϵĳ٣飡
Ҳ֮ȥԶȻܿͿסͷһʱҲϲˡ
۾΢΢һУ׼һһʩҲǲУȴӰ쵽ʩܶȺЧҪȥĻ˵һ춼ûɵͷޣ
ղżȫҲΧ˽һʱڿҪɵޣҪкܳʱ䡣
׼ʱ򣬴Ӹղһֱվڷ֮䶯һнͻȻһֽУ͵Ҳ÷ôŽȥ
һһڿײͬһ˭Ҳû뵽ǣнûбײɳȥֱڰо˽ޣȻһһͬʱأڵϷ
Ŀɿڴµһ㶼ûͣϵĻ಻ĳ˽ޡ
ôˣǧǻعⷵհ
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˿ϽѪͷϣȴԵԽľ
һӣһգƺҲҲܲˣһΰѽѹµʱ򣬽ͣŴͣŭһ
͸оԼذһ飬ҲŲ˳ȥ
ɳȥʱԼϮĵطȻͿһͷȽСһȦģģģȴͷ޳һģһĽԼ˹
Ԫϣ
ͷ޼ȻƷޣôضѾԪ񣬺ʿһ޵ԪϣζżӰ죬Ϊ޵Ԫ񣬲Ϊɴ½ݣڵʱ򻹺ãһϣͻڷɴ½Ԫѹ֮£ıήҡ
ֻСΣڵϦҲ˲ˣֱӾٻԪ񣬽ڵΣ
ղŽޱӴ̫ˣʱԪϵʱ򣬾ֱӷӣҪһٸɵһ
ʱ򣬼Ԫ˻ĵ·ϣųסԪ񣬶нҲͼֿ֣Ԫķ˻
Ȼһȴһ˫ѾѪĶŷӭŷ಻˻Ļһһĳŷ˹ȥ
һͨ쾳ʿֻҪһ˻֮£³
нͼҲֲˣΪһֱûкˣվԭأϵԻųԼһһĽޡ
⣬ӦѾеԪھۼˣһķû
нͼͬʱ뵽һ㣬ʼҪȥ֧ԮȻʱ޵ԪȴĲסǣ


46 ʤ
ڵģνǷǳ֮ҡ
ߵһʹؿڵѾѪģϵĵѪҲץƤһֻ۾ҲץϹˣ±ϵһյѾʼڻļ󡭡
ȻƷޣ֮ǿȴԶԶʿܹģҲǷǳǿǻƽʱصˣֻҪúõһӣͻĻָ۷״̬
ʱ򣬷ٻĴѾȫİΧ˽ޣжԴԴսϵԪ̲ͨڣֻͼ̵壬ս
ҲǱٵӷͻȻܲס޵ԭҲǼóܹס޵ԭ
ϾȻƺͻˣҲûдﵽƷô֣ȻȷʵͻƵ˶ƷҲһĶƷȻƷѹ֮£Խ޵ʱӦһģʵȴǣһʼǱɵĴɵǣںʱܹܺõĲסޣԽԽǾ
һʼڲٻĴ𣬶Խ޵İΧҪá
ǣۿҪɵ֣ʤϣʱнͼżȻýҵ˷̵ϣ
Ԫϣнһ죬ȥԪ׷ɱнˣȴһʱŹ˽޵ı壬ҲŬץסᣬʼ˷Ѿˣ۵СӷǶԷҪһ㣡
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ʧԪֻҪúһʱ䣬Ͳκε⣡
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˵Ľޣվ˷ǰ
ֱĽޣһôߣͷվԭһֱûķ¶˱壬Լʹ޵ɫһвûеС棬в˺
˸첲޾ҪԼǧĸ첲ֱӴȥѷҸ飡
ʱķͻȻЦ
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㣬ҵûʲô⣬άʮһҸеء
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ʱ̾ϢһȻ쵹˵ϡ
нͼͬʱ󾪣·ǺͽͬھˣȻҲᣬнı飬ֻͽ޽ôãһ㣬÷ٻĳҲ֪ޱ˶٣ҲԪˣʱȴ˿Լƣͬʱŷ˹ȥҪ鿴ʲô⣡
ѪսУ꣡
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۾ǿһ˿Ц
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ͬʱһڵɣˣȴǾɲһ֮ǰľ޴һ޴죬ɣǲ֪ʲô顭
Ҳ޼ͻƵƷѧԺĳϳֽɣȻҲʢƣ
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47 𺡣Σյͻƣ
ʱ֮󣬷۾
ҪˣľϵȻˮϵԪӵʺϣղŷǽڵԪתΪˮϵԪϺͼ㼡ӣˮľãҲǻָúܿ졣
ͻָø죬˱ͱȷнҪᣬҪԪԲһӵʱ䣬Ѿȫָʱ䣬ڿŷ˯е
һƽԶûҲûкͼ֮ǰӴģҵĵҲ϶ûȡ
Ǿһƽü㿴ĿתûзʲôˣԸǾȴҲҪƸ׼¼ͷǽϾҪԼƵļһҺ͸ˣǴӲɫƽļһ
ȵʱ򱻱Լһķܣ㻹ΪԼһʱСģڸղţ֪ȷʵ̫ɫˡֻͨ쾳ʿȴںƷʿһԸһͷƷ޵ʱ򣬳
н֪ڸղŵĶԿУʼգнֻǣƵãɱ˵ģǷ
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һƺߣȫƤըѣͻȻͱһѪˣ
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ڣȴŪúȫҪըһ̾Ҫɢһ㡭
⵽ô˰Ѿ˿ǻ


48 عԺ
нĵģĿȫûиоʱȫѾڵϡ
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һ˲䣬һ˿֮ǰˮ򿪵ľΪܽ⣬ΪǿƤӲȣ𺡶ľȻһжģֲͬ͵ģȴ֮зķݣ
ʿ⣬ΪڴԼʱõĶͬԴķƫƫǾ޵޷򿪵޷ܽ⣬޷Ƥ޷ԡԹľ޵ʿѡ
Ҳ֪ĸţкܹʿͻƣǵõĴС
ȻܹʿͻƣȴҲ鷳Ǿû۽𵤡ʱ򣬽𺡾ˣƻ֮ǰһжȻƶ֮ʱ򣬾һδḶ́ͬʱƴУ֮ޱȵĻ֮³ΪȨ
Ȼһ̣Ļ֮ӷڸð˳ŰΧסڿභݵԪѹѹ
ڰһеĻ֮ѹ֮£Ѿ֮ѹ˼ޣһֻзľ죬ڷʼͬǸռģԴʱڵĴը
ըžںһУ
Χ֮Ļ֮ɢȥʱ򣬷ĿԭĵѾȫʧȡ֮ģһɢҫ۹âһֱڲϴתĽɫԲ
öÿתһ죬ԭԪͱһգǸռѸٵԪٴαһա
һֱת˾Ȧ֮󣬽𵤿ʼֹͣԪӽ𵤵Уʼðһ˿һ˿Ԫ˷ڡ
ԭԪͬǣڽ𵤻Ԫŵɫǡͻ֮󣬲ܹӵе
֮ǰ֮Ҫӵӵʵʻ
ܿģڣͳнͼ֪ˣһٶȵĴһΪͽ𵤣ٵȫһϵḶ́ԪڣȻ𵤽תתһƷʿĶʽһ׶ΣʿǳΪһƷʿҲʱ˳Ϊʿ
ͻƵһ˲䣬Ѿֱ̣Ӵﵽ˷壬ĽԽʿ
Ҫ֪Ծ֮ʣСڶңҩ׽ϴ裬ȥʣڽ뷴֮󣬸ǲϵ;ڶʮ֮ͻ˷˶Ʒľ磬ѾǷɴ½һһĽٶˣڷǰȴƺȫģֵһᣡ
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ʱŲԼʧ̬ɿĳ֣ȻֺˡһĴǰʮҪ࡭
ȻŰͻƶŪô춯صġǷн˹ŷļ򣬿ĵ˵
ǵģܹˡڵһ硣ϧܹеξͻأҪôͻƣҲֻ֪ڣҪкǣܹͻƣѾͻˣҪͻƣ»ȥͻƵķ̾Ϣŵ
ʱҵͻڵķҲѰѹʵԶԶĳͬʿôѵͻƣûһ֮ô˾ɥءн˼ĵ
һָһջûʲôƽġ΢Ц٣ҳɹͻƵڣȥѰͻƵĻᣬʿʱ䳤ֻ̣Ҫа취ܹҵġʼĵ
ѡšͣһӣƷʣ֤㡣
ҲҪôͻƵƷˡһѧˣܹͻƵƷƷĻҾûȥԺˡʱţ˼ʰн̾Ϣŵ
޵ѪӦöǴкôġΪʲôȼڣȤ
ˡнһĵԹˣʵϾֻеһѪҵĽϵԪõ˸ǿûˡҲ̫̰ģѾǼĺôˣһ죬ܹڽԴѸֲԪĻҵҺпֱͻƵƷ
Ȼ̫ˣһ£СӵʵҲһԾƺܹȥǿ޴ڵĵطȥĻ֣
ҧЦʱһֵ˰ɣ
нЦЦ˵ĴЦﹲţü̵ߵɽڣʼƺ΢΢Ĳ
ڶʮ죬һ죬ڹȥˡʱ뵽ڶʮʱ򣬷нͼͬʱ˰׹⣬һ̣˾ʹߵ׶ɽ֮Ĵ⡣
ǲûпɣǣϾɣһʼû̫ڣǻ㹻ʱϻԺǲûġƱ
ϵĹâ˸ʱ򣬷нͼ㣬ͬʱԺصԺѧԱ
ڸ߿еĺɽˣޱĿһۣȻָ˸ط
ŵȥϢɣѧԱ˵нﵽƷ۷˰ɣ㣬ҲͻƵƷˡСӣµʱܿ찡


49 Ըķ
ԺѧԱǣܿȺصԺڣڻͬʱǵĻҲʼ֮ϡ
ɣҺ𲨣һѧԱ֮һİڣҲǷǳĻǴһ̣ŻصԺյĻ֣ǧһʮһ֣ǰʮǴǧİٶ֣ȴһǧһٶ֣Чȷʵ˲٣Ҳ֤ǵŬ
صԺʱǵһ۾ȥǵĻ֡ǴʱĻֻ֣һǧ˰֣ǻõĻƺҲǰʮ˲٣Ȼȴɲɣǻֵһ롭
ѧܣǰɣһαЦȻȥ֮ǰĶԼǿҪٶ֡ˣͷǾͲҪˣٸֻǵϾͺá
˵⻰ɣƤЦ̧ͷĺɽ˵Ժ¶鷳ˡ
ɣĻ̺Ԫ˵һʱ֮䣬еԺѧԱɣĻʼ׷׵ԶҺҵѧԱչΣ˷ߡ
㹫ҵСںǴĻֶӮҿǻòͷˣ
һĸߴ󣬻ԼðŽԼʩһȻ鲻ƵĿɣһۡ
û£Ҫͻء΢ЦСӡǻһЩö
Ŀ˼һۣȻ΢΢ͷ˿
ҵļѧԱǶԷнͬʱ˵ͷȻѧܣнǲǣֵĻսսǣȱڣôҲϡ
лλֳĺ⣬ƺҪءһҾ΢ЦŻش
Ϊ׵ҲĿ˷һۡǿǱɣǵĻǧ֣޴ĺ蹵ܹ
Ȼ֪Ҫ顪ܶԷ˵Ǵξ磬ֻǡᣬ֮ǰ˵ҪҺûǴξôʱܹǵ⣬֤ˣˣǾȶˡ
µʼ֮ǰɣҺ𲨵Сӣ뷽нСӣһԼԼݱԺѾˣȷʵ˫ӡǣʵЧݶԼǵĻɣǵĻ֣Ҫǻֵ֮һҲٶʮ֣ɣǵСӣʲô𣿡
ĺɽ˵Ӹ߿дѧԱƫҵѧԱ¶ֻɫ߰վŵĺ㣬Ҳ¶һ˿ЦԼйصѧԱһĿɣˣϾɣӮģǶĹδҵĶˣ
ԺˣûУΣӮġӦء
شȴƺһһ㣬ѧԱǵͷϡ
˵ӮǻֻǧٷңƽÿҪײ˰ٸ֣˰ٻ֣һѧԱڽԴΧռһ൱λˣ
ǰһ𣿡
㹫ȷʵţҲ֪һʵнǱϾʵƫõһǧ˰ٷķӣɣƷ۷ʿҪһصİɣ˴ĶģԾǸȥͻְ
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ѧԱǷ׷׿ʼۣҴЦ㲻ǰɣȻˣɱǲǧٶ֣ԺˣҼǵãԺƺûк˴˶ģԺܹ֮˵ɣ
ȻûУȻԺˣôĵȨԣͻõԺı֤˵ӮòֺܹһӦֵĲϣǾѾˣ
ĺɽ˵ʱһֱû˵ֻԼһը֪ԼԴˡ֣ɲǻɱ޲ܻãڶͻûɱ֮Ĳϣܹһֵġ
ǿ϶һֱûлܳȥ壬Ȼأ֧ʵԱǻҪСӣðսȥɱЩܹŪĴޣǻõһǧ˰ٶ֣Щܹһٷ֣
˲ŵУһ֣ȻнһӡǴ򿪴ӡ
һͻȻӴкĸɫϣнǰѳһСɽ
Ʒ޵ĽǡƷ޵ĽǡƤ۵ģͷ޵Ƥβ׵ǡ
˶һĺɽˣҲһ
ɣĿɿڴĿѲϣɫޱȵľʣɫǳԹһ£Ѳϵļֵ²ǧ֣ɣӮ
ĺɽ˺ûֱӴӸ߿еôĲϣҪҲ̫ˣõǣԺȻֻһʦʲôĵҲ٣ĺɽ̾һ˻֣аԺ֣߳أʼŲ
ÿһ˵Ļ־һ㣬ǵҲһһƶţ
Ϊֹԭ򣬷ÿ˵Ļֻ֣ٷֳͷĻεģù֮⣬˵ĻֶǸߣǵǧ˰⡣
ǵĻ֣ǿʼϵǣǵҲڲϵ
ٷֵ˰ٷ֣֮ۼ˴ѧԱϾкܶѧԱʵͣһжӰЧʣܹٷѾǺܲˣڣһǧӽǧѧԱ
˰ٷֵһǧٷǱȽоѧԱˣܹﵽΣпܽǰһǧ뽹Դɣһ㶼ܹõһǧٷϣԲ̶ܹڰ˰֮ڡ
ˣһʼԽѧԱܶ࣬÷ɿ죬ѧԱ֮ĻֲǵҲʼһЩˡ
ȻɣɫԺٶȲ˵Ļ֣ҲǷɿţٷֵ߰ٷ֣Ȼһǧ֡
ɣ˵ƽһǧٰʮ߷֣˴ʱĻѾһǧٷ֣ﵽǰ˰ֻһ֮ң
ֻԽԽСĲɽܹڷǻֳԽǵʱϡ
һǧʮ֣
ǵĻֳֵʱɣɫѾòҰˡΪʱ򣬲ŸոĲϣһŽ޵Ƥû㡭
գеĲ϶ϵʱ򣬷Ļ̶֣һǧİʮ棬㳬ɣǽӽʮ֣
Ժһ˲䣬ţпֵѧԱǣҲ֪˭ͷʼҵĹƣ
Ǽ֤һ漣һ֧һƷѧԱһһƷѧԱһûƷѧԱɵСӣȻڵһʱ򣬾ͳԽһ֧ɶƷʿɵСӣ
Ҫ֪ɣȻֻǶƷΪǵϺԺǰéģϾԺʵﵽƷѧԱв˰ԶƷʵܹЩƷѧԱλãѾǺ˲ˡ
ڣ˲Сӣ˸˲Сӣ
Ҳţһˣǹ϶Ҹ֧ԮôĲϣȻƾǼôܴôĲϣ
̲סɣɫҪֹȴһ
߿֮ϵĺɽ赭дһ̧֣Ѿ˶ƷʵҾͱһε˳ȥ졭Ըķ䡣ǻɱÿһͷޣм¼ЩϣҲǻɱ޷ϣǵʤȻ
˵仰ĺɽһ̧֣ݶԼɣˣԼһˡͷ㣬ɣ˵Ļÿ˿۳پʮ֣㡢нǵջΪǧһٶʮ֣


50 Ҫõһ
ǧһٶʮ֡
нĻȻǣǵҲһ·ǣ
ԭǰ˰ǣΪ˽ӽ߰ٸĻ֣ǵֱӾ֮ڡѾԴﵽԴڵλã
Ȼ߾ӵһģǺ㣬ƷʵԻɱƷޣõĻֺͲϣԶԶĳѧԱڵĻָߴǧ֣Цˡ
ƷľűǣƺԶ
ڣҺúõϢһ¡սԼĻֲģͨսøĻ֣סÿ˱ٽսԶֵսǲޣսʱ䣬̫ʱʼ̫ɽֻ֮кͬԼ߼ʿֲܹõ֡Ϊкܶˣٽһ飬Ҳٷϻ𣿡
ˣѧԱش
˵仰ĺɽ˾ͱ۾ʼԼ붨ǣȴ¶һ˿Ц⡣
һ۹ѵõĶһΣ֣ôɱͷƷĽ޵ģʵ˵ܰһսеɲ˼ϣܹսУʲôı֡
ĺɽ˿ʼ붨ˣѧԱҲֲ֣ĺɽ˻ϲ뿪ԺķΧʵԺаҲԺ˾ܣͨʿУ˵ͷģԱ˵ԺͷҪöࡣ
ѧԱǿʼȺʱҲֲܿҵӵܣٲѧԱΧơ
Ȼڵĵطȴ˵ġҵѧԱҵѧԱΪСӵĴڣȻľ;ۼһ
ǼûԺ֮ǰӵԺͷ֮һƷϵʿԺпͻƵڵ֮һҲܹͺ㿹Ĵ֮һ
Ϊ׵ģ̵ϵʿʵͬƷϣʿİСȴһơ
һͷƷĽޡôģ
ԭƱ˵̣ڴ˿ȴϳ˾̾ȷʵСӣʵˣҲƷһһƷʵɵͷƷ޲ѣҪɵһͷƷޡҲ޷޴Ĳȡʤ
ƴһЦҪԱ˽޵壬Ҳᱻ޵Ѫжγͻƣ޵Ѫкô֮ǰǲ֪ģܹǵҲȷʵʵֻǶһѣ˵ǣǶӮˡ
֮лرǡǸ̾ҲŽԺʱһУһƷΪĵʱҲŸո̤Ʒ죬üҶΪԼҪˣͦˣȵ˼ʿ֧ԮеʱֻҪȥתġ
ΧѧԱͬʱͷԺĶԺҪпöܹ࣬ԺѧԱ϶䡪ѭнеģ־ᶨ֣֮Ҳںܶʱ򣬶벻ĺô
ǵĻ֣ǰûʲô⣬սʧĻҲпܵǰϥȻԷԴڣǰڵλãͺ߰ڵλãҪάƣþıĵطڵƷܸߣǰٸλãǻž޴ĺôģҲսСһ㣬ѻȥˡ
нͬʱ˵ͷȻǰʵϣǰĻ֣Ƿǳӽģֻڽսȫ֮󣬻ܹǰٵλõģǲȷ
٣Ӯôֵɣǣ϶̲ڱǵһȼǵսȴпսнͼ㣬ѻһЩ
нͼ㶼ǶƷΪȻнһֱҲǸո̤ƷɣǶнͼ㲻ϵķսܹӮĻҲ̵ܴٸ֣Ҳֲһʧ
ǣɣĴôĻôǻӵĵùн֮ǰǲڱҲˣǺӣʵϣڱ޵Ѫ֮ӵľҲͻͽѾﵽ˶Ʒ۷壬ͻƷֻһ֮ңɣս˵˭䡣
ȻŸո̤Ʒľϵ֮壬ȻܹսȻ㲻ͬ޵УͬʿܹģҲֻͬʳɫЩŲС
ѧսʵҲкܶ©ġ붪κһֵĻôģԼһսԼβˣս޵ġ
УͻȻһ䡣
Цûô򵥵ġʵϣսȷĹ涨һѧԱڳűԼ߳һ𣬻ͬһĶַս֮ΣôͻԶɥʧսֵʸ񡭡ע⣬ԶɥʧҲΪ˱ƷߵѧԱǳ챻ƷѧԱս̫ľ񡣡
֮أ©ûУòҪȥһЩϵ©ȴԺ˸ֱӿ۷ˡǲģ̼һ䡣
ƷΪѧԱĺɽһηӣʼ򡪡Ȼʿ֮ǰԼǸ绹һˣͷĺɽĶʿͻһģֱӰŪ
Ҳסֵһ
ΪڵıԺѧԱûһ˿ҪӵͷΪӵõ˺ôôҲĺɽñõ˭ӣ
ĺɽδػӢȴԺžԵȨ
ˡѧǣԽսУӮ˶ֵĻõʲôĻֻ֣֪ͬսܹӮʮ̧֡ͷͻȻһ䡣
þûԽսˣУҲƷսǸƷϧҺͼѾˣʣµһλᣬûаյĻҲҳ֡ԽսǿȼģϾÿһƷƷ֮ĲԵԽ󡭡һƷɣôÿһƷѧԱõһٸ֡룬Ȼش
Ŷԭ
̵Ľ֮󣬵˵ͷȻ̧ͷգƺڼʲô
ʲô㿴ŷһصӣ̲סķļȻʡ
ͼӵܶһۣɫЩŹеˣҪ֪ЩֵͬܣҲмӴġ
һ£˹ȻڻشŶ㿴ڵĻ֣ҪٸƷѧԱܹõһλá
ͬʱһ𡱣ɢư߼ͬѧײһͷԭŵ˶վȻһһڴ˿ȴһģһ
֪ڵĻǶ𣿾ǧһٷ֣Һ̶Ҫ߳ӽǧ֣˵ʵҺһֱˬСӣʵȴû˵ȻҲܰҺһֱѹţ㡭
ո˵ôһ䣬Ϳʼ򣺡Һ֮Ļֲ࣬ǧ֡ԺжٶƷʿһһٷ֣ӮʮΣõһ


51 緢н
Ʒ۷壬ͻƵֻһ֮ңʿʱޱȳԾĿŷԺֻһͷСǲǷˣ
һսʱ䣬ҲͲ߸ʱշ˵ģսʮΣһʱҪսʮ֡浱Щֽ֣ģοԽսԺԽսûУһƷӮƷżʣҲû˭ܹһսô߳ԼһƷĶֵġ
䳡һ֮ҺҵѧԱǶŹɢˣΪ⻰治֪ӦôȥӣҪ˵ֱһɣ̫ˡ
ţǲǴôһ㣿һʮƷʿƷʿҪ㰡нЦ
ʲôϵһƷʵһԽսѵȵȥ֮󣬱ҵȼ͵ս𣿶ʮƷ֣ҲġԽս¶С
ŷЦݣнͻȻһҪһٵĳ嶯ɶԽսѵ飬ΪʲôǳԷһء
ʵȥҲûʲôáн֣ҲҪע㣬Ҿһ϶ǻսءЦһ
ҲҪСġż㣬
˵ͷü֮ʼһɷСҵĻһ֪ҵģ
ͬʱɣСӣȴùúܡ
۵һĻֱ֣Ǵǰ˰һǧ֮⣬ζЧֻܻƽʱһ룬Ҫǣڱһɷĺѵš
ǡ˵ĴǰĿռ䣬ԼĻֹ͸һ룡ҵİţһͬǿʵǵĻǽףǻ𲨣ңǴ
ȻɣҺˣ˿ȴͷ󺹣˵һ֡
ı䣬ĻᡭȥսǸзСӣǻһƷһǻᱻ۸ķֵġͷȥսнܸӮһΣôǵʧһǲϣϸ࣬һսҵĻᣬȻǣͻָÿһǧ֡нòĻԼɣڳҵǰ
Ļɣ־ϲǸ߳ԽսӮ˵Ļô㽫һǧֲ֣ܹ֮ǰʧܹø࣡
ԴѧԱͬʱǰһԺүȼ̣Ҳǧָ֣ǵĻ
ġЦǺҵһҲȥԿƷ۷ϣ֮໥ˮ˽ûûֵģͳȥǧ֣ҲǼٷ֣⼸ٷֵĺ蹵ǱϣǻֵһõǸλãҵģ
òһģһ˵һͬڵѧԱͬʱ˵ͷóϷȥ
ɨһһķСӡڵļԺҲ˳ֵģΪӮˣҲûʲô֣ͬʱıУϽ߼ѧԱѱԼͼѧԱ˵ģûнֹͼѧԱ˸߼ѧԱϾ͵ѧԱȫֵĻûлսʤ߼ѧԱ
ԺʼҶڵȵȴһĿʼ
ߵһֵʱĺɽ۾۾Ժпյϣʼðһһ̨Ǿӳ֣ޱȼ̣ͬʱֻһŻð̨
̨֮˾ͿˣĽ֣ҲõƵı˵ѧԱһʱõơȻǱԼͼѧԱ˵Щù
̨ʱռԺģǧκѧԱֻҪһ̨ܹԼҪսĶսӵսѧԱڱУѾսͬʱѡܾĻ̨ϡ
ǻԺѧԱ̫̫ܼ࣬ĻƣҪѧԱò㹻ıϾԺУĿĶֻΪѧԱǴﵽõĶĿġ
̨ȫ֮мӵѧԱһһĿŵ̨۾̧ͷÿɣҺͬʱ͵ռһ̨ͬʱٻ
Ҵ򡣡нֻЦǺǵ˵ôһ䣬Ѿʧ˿СѾ̨
ɣͬʱѡءƽ˵һ䡣
Ⱥ𲨴ͻƣҲҪһЩͬƷʿֵľ顣
˵ͷȻҲʧ˿С
󿴿ҿȻ־ȻûսԼҲǣʵһƷѧԱʵģҲһƷΪƽսûʲôӮİգƷߵսӮˣҲò֡
صѡսһѵȴҲʱ򡪡սܱ˶ҪսЩԼҪսĶ֮սʱ򣬶ԷѾսˡ
ǿҰԳЦһȻҲѡһ̨ȥ
̨ʱнѾҡ
ӣɣҵĻֻҴĺš
ףΪʲôãһӮأнһЦݵ
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һߴĺţһ߻ðȵĻ⡪Ȼǻϵʿȴʿó񶷵սʿԸнʿžԵİա
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ƺ޴һ㣬ûенڴæ֮£ֻͬľȭҵȭͷӭȥ
Цнǽϵʿ̲°򣬿ϾǸʿʿ壬ټҲ޵ġ
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нûбһȭҵȭͷϣҸоȭͷ֮ǰױҪӵļӲ
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ҵȭͷ𿪣Ծǣȭףһ֮£ҲʼѺۣ
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ڿеҾһѪһѪԾǡнʲôʱôܴˣ
˽޵ѪľǱһ£ӽ쿪ʼӲʿˣеսʿΪſ˵
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ҾͲԩ𣡡һȭֱӰҸ˳ȥн緢Ĵ󺰣˭


52 ս
нһȭҸҳȥʱɣҲܱ㹫ϣͼ㶼ľϵʿƷʱ䣬㹫Ҫö࣬ɣȻľãԼܼ㣬Ӧò̫ѵ顣
ʿɣͬҲʿͬսʽͬľ磬ͬԣ£ƴ˫ͶľϵգϣɣԼƵġ
ȴˣúȻʲôĶͬʣȴ֪˶٣Ҫ֪ʮ꣬ȴѾʮˣС꣬ȴҲܹӵһʵҲڣǼҪɫȴǲʵ
Ҫǣľ֮壬ľϵĸֲ֪׺Զɣ֮ϡ
ĳ٣ɣĳҪӵӵļͣӵָӡ⼸ӣɣʧҲǿԤƵˡ
һѪɳ̨ͬʱɣҲѱô飬ͷķɳ̨ø硪ƫϵʿսԶɣңһ̨ͱֱӴɳȥˡ
ûнͼĻ֣͵ʮֵ֣ͺ˵ң˿ȥǵѾݻٵˣ˳սƶǳԱ
СҵӵܣôĿס
ɫÿһǼҵӵЦ´ǸСӣһһÿ
нͼɶǶƷģҲǶƷаգǼҵӵܣ㵹ǿöˣûɣŭ
ҵĶƷΪɲɣϲĶƷΪܱȵġǼҼҴġնǶķƣСҵӵܿɲӵСɣȥս㣬ǼҵĶҪӵĶ࣬һģ͹ɣˡ
Ǽӵܣһһ飬ʵǼҵӵܶܽڶ֮Уҳ߸࣬Ǽңǳս޼䣬ѹסе޺;֣Ŷİ
˵ǼӵԼһҪСһѧԱļ򣺡˵ңŽƷĵܵҪӮĻ˵ӮǸнʲô⡣
ո˵䣬ĵܵ͡סһȻ¶˺Ц飺սҡǸһƷСӷ
Խս¶˳ԾЦݣȥǸνţ֪ʲôǴҵӵܣ
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Ҳǹȥѡģǵ˶ƷѧԱֻҪҺͶҵģѡһܹǡѡǼҵӵܣҲһɺˡ
˵ǸǾϵȫܣܹԽսԽսЩСҵʿҲˣսǼҵʿ
ЦŵȻŽƷãҲһǿľϵսʿľһܹصľϵףҹСˡ
Ļû˵꣬ͣͺվһĺǼҵѧԱǣҲԾĿոջ緢ð̵ǱĴĳ̨Ϸ˳
ô£
ܾŭӵȥҲ˲õܵȥˣֱӾһ䡣
ð̣۽ҲһƬ˵ĺۼǿ۾ǻ쵰̫ˣҸոճ˹ȥолըֱܶ࣡ӾͰըˡ
һʿ𡭡ܰѵܵȥƣȻźǷ˹ȥȴһȺɫء
ʿܵתɫ΢ÿһ㣬Ȼ°ͣʿҲսˡǶƷϵʿӦû̫ġ
ܵͷʿҲȺѧԱбȽϳɫһƷеʵϵʿһԵķȣܹķӵǿսҲΪ
Ȼʿֻһᣬһ֦Ĺ֮ʿҲһǱı̨ƺ˺üȭһ׵øͷƵġ
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Ϊ֪һ㣬ŻܿҺҵѧԱļѣղűѧԱֻѧԱսЩպĺǵġ
ȻսЩոսƷʿϾսȽϿ죡
ϴһᣬ㻹ûпߵ˱սüͷ룬ȻͻȻ뵽ʲô̧ͷ쿴˿е֮
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Ȼһʼô죬ǵЩƷʿҪôѾսˣҪôǶƷģҪսҲԽѡ
ϾǲܾܾƷѧԱǲԸһƷѧԱսģӮûʲôôһСˣͻʧĻ֣壬Ӯ˱Լֵ͵ĶֲӷֵĻҲԸ£ô
ԷͷŲܾá
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ǸʿԵѧԱ֮⣬һʼսĶǸովжƷʵѧԱԺ֮ʵչѧԱľʵѾһƷΪˣԸŽƷѧԱȻֵ̫
Ӯ˵ʮ֮󣬷ЩȻķЩŽƷѧԱֶѾûȥζһ㣬ǾЩѧԱѾսˣȥսˣĻѾսˡ
ʵҲǱ˷ҪȻĻսһƷĶ֣и߼ѧԱ̲ס֣㲻ܴҲҪȥһʱ䣬ҡ
ǶƷ£ƷеѧԱҲǺܶˣԷҲĵһѧԱ
ԺڵܣͻȻ̧ͷ¶һЦ
ѡȥһѵɡ
㵭ĵɱնСһѵ
촽¶һѪ΢Ц


53 Ҹʱ
̨ܳϵʱ򣬷ץһʱ䣬˼ԼӦʲôı
ʿ˵ͻ֮ǰǿЩ鱦ֻҪ΢һƣܹʹãҲڣӵܺƽӵܱơ
ڴȵʱͼ㶼ǻ鱦ǿļǿǵսأֻܿԼͷȥƴ
ͻ֮Щ鱦û̫ôˣһǵԳΪƷʿ̣Ƕڽڡңڵʿ˵Щ鱦ȫ޷ﵽʹָĵز粻á
׶ΣʿͱҪԼıˡԪϸֲϣƳȫԼıķֻһ˵ָӣˣҲ䵽˵Уǻһѳᡣ
Ʒʿ˵Ǳ˫ް£ҪܵĴڡ
һʼҲ̫ǿ󣬱ϾһƷʿƳķǿҲޣȻıȴǺʿһɳģʿ֮ҲὫԼıٶȼǿǿԼڵܹʹõĵزʱһʿ˽ʵһ󲽣ԼҲһء
ı˵һ˵ʿ⻯ʿԪ񡢱һ۷ʵ
ΪƵģҲǿģȴʺԼģн̣ͼĳ٣ǶԼĹܹϵ޷죬Լչֳɫսķ
Է˵ЩѰˣԼı޷ǸԼصȥƣˮϵˮϵΪϵԻϵΪó񶷵ģִóԶ뷨ɱģԼǿħΪֵȵȣһ㣬Ȼ׾һ仰Լóʲôʲôķ
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ʱܳǰ
ղֵһٷ֣ˡ룬ӦҲһ˵ζˡ
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ȥֵܵ˭ôͱԼ۸ˡ򶼴ˣ˭⵽ôġ
ȴȷʵʱ䡪һҪʮְ֣Һæģ
˵仰ͻ˷У˫־һöģŷһ˦ͽö˦ܵԴ
ܳ
һƥĵڱնһͬʱҲдŵ֮
ǼҼҴնʺϵľǽϵʿǼҵմӵܣ϶ǽϵʿܱҪѧԺͬҲǽϵʿұҪ⣬ɫ
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ɣҿ汾£㲻Ǿϵȫ𣿲ǽսҲܳɫԶԸǲˣҿĽɣ
ٶһն˷ųһ׹⣬ĺ
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á
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ƵĴ˹ɫ԰׵ˡܹܵõһ̺ŵľ޴ԶԶԽʵ
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һ죬ȫŵ̨ƺҲҡ£硪ʵϣƷʿ֮ĽҲԺ̨ʲô⣬ֻЩ̨ǻԶ̽˫ʵάһ߳һĽ磬ǷֻһƷʵһͻչֳƷʵý綼ֲ磡
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ѸԶ˷ɢľ£˽֮ڡ
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һһƷʿȻƷʿֱӴ̨ܻƺúܲң
ڿаܸоһ֣ôҲӮǸСӣ
⡭СйŹֻ֣һƷʵȴһͬƷʿȫһҽһȴֱӵĻɳȥˡ
ܲȥǵѪЦ
ܴ˻ѧԱǣǴһһһƷʿȻܹͬƷʿһ⵽ʲôĹЧ
˼˵ʵѾƷʿʵüͷһ塣
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ҲǾ֮һ˼֪ˣԼͦԩģǸ˷ԪʱĻҲôҡ
϶һƷʿĺɽĶʿֻӦʲôţܹǿķ㹻ʱ䣬֮ǰĻˮк׹ʲôģ޷ҲǺһһƷʵѡ
ʲôķš
ܹ뵽ģȻҲܹ뵽ܵıȥˣųǼһȷʵֻһƷΪ㹻ʱĻпܴﵽƷսԲҪĿռ䣬𣿡
һȺûбսʿͬʱͷ˭ҲԼٴһٸ֡
̨ڵķֹһ
뿴ƷʿʵģȴҪԼˣҲʱ䣬Ͳ˷̫ʱˡѾȥһʱˣӮʮһ֣æء
ֹŵķٴεһƷˮ׼ʿ֣һ̣ٴͶսС
սϵս֮ǰʮԵ޷ûޣͷ֮⣬޵սʽһģֻѵӦģ̨УָʿӸս飡


54 ϵս
һһսһֱάȥ
ڽսУսģЩƷεʿЩѧԱ϶ԼľʵսͷһĲ࣬ԻϷܹڲʱǣÿһˣĻ֣ͻһٷ֣
һʼע⵽һ˻ǵʱеʱеʿע⵽ˣĻ֣Ѿ֮ǰǧ֣ǵǧ֣ҵΣѾٵԽƷϺƷʿǰʮ
ǧѧԱԺǰʮѾǴﵽ˼ߵһ۷壡
ֻһһƷʿǰͻûжƷʵʿˣǰ֮һɫƷʵѧԱڷѾһƷʵѹƹеĶƷˮ׼ѧԱ
̶һۣ˫˫ʼЦĻǧ֣ڶ̵Ļֻȼһٷ֣ߵǺ㣬ĻǾǧһٷ֡أĻ֣ǧٶʮ֣
ΪֹѾʮƷʿ˷ϣ
Խսһ֣ѣȻԽսճھû֣ͣʮԼ߳һȼʿĲ˵ݳ־˵Ҳǿǰģ
ڵʿųԪϢȻʵϣҲݽߣܹƽʱнһԪԼĽڣȻսʱԵһӳ־սǽ볤ڵʿŻڶʱڣԼ
ܹһ㣬еѧԱԼ۾
ԵڣʵϻѾˣıԣֻѧԱսıԣϾıԣܹԼиԾġ
ƽʱʱ򣬸ñԵĻѾˣʣµҲǹϵȽϺõѧԱ֮以ཻӡ֤һ±˴˵ˮ׼Ҹ߸˵һ죬һ
ǵ˽ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ĳһ̨ϡ
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Ļ̻عȻڵҪ׷Ϻ㣬ƺЩ̫ܡҪһ£Ҫ֪Ʒ۷ΪĻÿһΣܹһǧ֣ǧ֣ҪԽ㣬Ǽֱ׾٣
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ǻǱ㡭Ժ˵۾ɽɳӣҪǹԺ˵ƢԣֱӰǺͷĻֵġ˵ˣҿҲһܽˣҲԸķġ
˸սȻæ̵Ҳ˸飬æͷǵģҪӮ㣬ҲҪӮ
ĺɽջԼĿ⣬ͬʱһĺɽҪǵˣҲܲҵİɡ
ĻĹ̥ʱ򣬷ӭĵʮ֡
ҽ죡
ĸߴѧԱһͱԼ֣ңͬǰ˴֮һ
㵽ڵı֣ȷʵ˴һҾͲϻˣֻҪӮңһٷ֣ģ
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ڣѾ˻֣һУֻһһĻ֣ܶķ֣ܶ
һʱͲԷԺص㣬ѡ׺͸ֱӵķʽ֣ܶʮս֮սѾʼ𽥵ĳΪıܡ
Լûע⵽ǣÿλһƷʿʱ䣬ʵ̵ġܼսУս飬ڲ֪ѾΪһֱܣֱܣսõ٣õʱ̣
죬Ȼŵһ԰師ȴһԷƵĻ師˺ײУҲܷ㡣
ԷĿٹץס師ļ϶֮ϣֵĻ˳ȥ
Ӯõʱ䣬һʱ䣬Ҫôָ
ҽ깤
ų̨ϵѧԱͬǵһʱ䱨Ȼһʱͷսһһٻʦһʼٻͷܣͼ赲֮⡣
ȻȴΪ磬ȻѸٵ˿УصĻζ˸ܵ׷ɱ֮󣬳ɹͻƵ깤ߣȻֻһƣͽ˳ȥ
λ֣֮ܶǰõʱ䣬˼ָ
ʮʮ


55 ϣ
һһƷϵѧԱ̨ϴע̨ԺѧԱǵı飬Ҳ˷ܡ֣˳Ծ𾴣
ԺѧԱνѡ֮ʣľԾӢѧԺѧԱǽģܹԺѧԱ͸ӵĽ
ԽǽˣԽǿԼû飬ͻԽĶ˲֮顪ԺѾһ꣬߳˱ǺǼҸӹЩѧԱ֮⣬˲ƽĺӵܣûбԭ򣬾ΪǿߣȻһ˲ߣ
ҵļʹҵ̣ԺҲԶԶĲ㡣
ڣʵǣѾı֣ĸԺѧԱʼԺѧԱԵľ壡
Ϊˣ˶飡
ڽԺֻһƷʵʱԽսӮôĶƷѧԱûУʱָߣֻΪҺǼȫ㣬ͨ飬㹻ߵĻֶѣ
أԲԺֻͨ쾳ʵڶʮоԾһӲĿԼս˻֡Ļֵڶ²ǻֵһҲԶԶĳ˺㵱ʱļ¼ˣ
ȭͷΪ˽һ㣬ԺʱԺǸм˷ľŵѹ֮£Ҳڼ˷ѹ֮¶ȹһ꣬һֱ˷뿪ԺųΪԺѧԱеĵһˣ
ʱԼ֮ʣҺǼҵ֧ԮûܹǸһѹƣģƽļһȻҪһԺѹסңܣ
˿̺޲ǫ́Լ˫֣š·ĲӣȻʬΡȻֻ룬
߿֮ϵĺɽˣƷϵ۷ʿѹѹеԺѧԱԺ죬ɣ
飬ɷ飬ĺɽ˼ȻѹסͷҲѹסҪ˺ͷǶԷʲôƫǷ˿飬ȫԺĹ֮ڣԺش󣬲
һһƷʿ̨֪Уÿ̨ĶƷʿڱԿʼ֮ǰŰǣԷǻһʿʩһ񣬱ʾǵ𾴣Ȼȫŷ֣
ڱ̨֮󣬲أܷǲܿǵľٶǶͬĶ̨ٶһȻһԵģվڼн
һֱ̬ʾԼԷ𾴺óϷվڼн󣬱һ̬ȡԺڣܷʲô飬һվڷ󣬲벻һֱ뿪Ժһ졣
ⱾҲԺһǱΪ֧ĳˣԺ֮ڣ뿪Ժ֮ѧԱԼģҡ塭
վڼнʿԽԽ࣬ɫҲԽԽѿΪвԭȽϳʿҲʼվַ֧ǸӪ桭
ЩʿǶƷϵʿȻԺ۷һȺˣȴҲмǻٵҲԼɢڼһ֮úҲҪüëֱ
̶һۣЦ
ǵѧԺڳֵǾͱѹƵùǺڶһ۸һЩҲܹøһ㡣
ʮʮ
ܵѧԱԽԽ࣬ܶƷѧԱٶȣҲԽԽ졣
ÿָֻ̼ʤʱ䣬Ȼʮ֮˶֣ȡʤٶȣ֮ǰƺҪһյʱ䡭
ʮֱ̨ʱ򣬷Ļ֣Ѿﵽǧٶʮ֣ʤһǧٷ֣ʮ֡
ʮʮߡ
Ļִﵽǧ˰ٶʮֵʱ򣬸߿еĺɽˣͻȻ˶
ָ赭дڿл֮֮Աߣһ޴ɳ©ɳʼкĺɽ˵ҲƵĴһʱɳ©©ʱ򣬾Ǳʱ򡣡
ѧԱ˷ۡԺջ𣿻ɳ©˾ʱ仹ж١ȷʵȺΧ۵ģѪѾʼȼˣ
нѾʼܷ˿̵ĻѾԶԶˣȴͺ㻹һǧٷֵĲ࣬Ҳ˵ڽʱҪʮ֣ܹΪһ
Ȼ˵ڶѾܺˣȻھһͲôһʱ򵹵أǸ˶
ͣ
̲סһһʱϰѧԱҲͬʱ˰εĺͣ
ͣҲڴǵļӵܻȭͷ
ͣеѧԱʼȭͷ
ͣѡսһƷѧԱڷ̨;УҲڻȭͷ
ɫԽԽѿˣҲԺѧԱֻҪ֤һ漣ȻںĶȴ˶ڷһ
Ⱥ쵰ҧ롣
һʱʮ֡շ֮ǰЩֵٶȣǺһʱһģȻÿһ֣ͻϼ֣ҲеѧԱҪȥԭ򡪡ϣܿһ漣ĵ
ֻҪʱ֣ôʲôÿһ־ͻϼֵĻҪʮ֣Ҳǲɵ񣬶ڣлᣬȴδܹȫ޷յȺʿҲʼ
ΪԲŷ񣬲ˣ
ںʱܡҲһ㣬ƺΪ˸ŷһ㣬̨ҲһǸɳ©һģһֻСһЩɳ©ϵŷʣµʱ仹ж١
⵹ĺɽҪ̨һڽеһʱĻɳ©ѣֻڹȥʱÿ̨ʱ򣬻϶ٱˣһ׼ȫù
ڵȵʾɳ©ʱɳ©ԼǣҲ̾Ҳıã
ȻľǸɳ©ԼӰ졪Ѿһֺ״̬һУֻսֻһһĶ֣Ҫ̵ʱжϳЩǵص㡢ʵȻȡ̵ʱ֣ܶ
ʮˣ
ѧԱǷһ󻶺ʱ򣬷Ѿ˵ʮ֣ʱҲûйȥ٣ڵĽȣƺҪʮ֣Ҳ̫ѣ
Ȼʮһֽ̨֮ãһֱɳ©ȥһ룬ûб̨
ѵѾ𣿡
Ҳѹ֣һˣʮһĶ֣ˣڵԪҲþ˰ɡ
̫ϧˡ
һ񣬻̫Ϊ˰
ѧԱǷ׷¶źɫǿ㷽ûܹɵһλãҲѾǺ˲һˣĳսУʮ֣Ժɴ½û˵˭ܹ飡
֪˭ͷѧԱǿʼ׷׵Ĺƣӭӷǿٹһᣬͻᾫƣ뿪̨ǾҲǵ֮ʤߣ
нȴûйƣǾĿ̨û˱ȺͷսǸһôǿˣֻҪûд̨гֻҪʱ仹ûеͻϣ
ʱ̨ϵķźͬ뷨
̨ʱ仹ûнôͻϣ¿ϣǳǳã


56 һӡ
ȷʵ˴鷳
֮ǰܹôĻЩƷ֣Ϊļ;ȫܵԡ
ֵܹܿԡص㣬ȻԵķ֣ܶƷʿ׶λźԵ㣬õĵط
Ȼ֣ʵЩƷϵѧԱǿȴ൱⡣
˵УֺܴǣƽѧԱ֮⣬һǣѧԺѧԱ
ѾʮˣͣѧԺҲǼ޽еģѧԺĹҲܴ棬ΪڽѧԺʱѾʮˣ͵ʿһ˵ǼᱻѧԺġ
Ҳһʿǿҵģǡ
ƽûκεʣȴһ亱ѧţһ޵ΪĴ½ѧ˵ȻʢȴԶ޵ôʢУСϲѧĿ˵УʮʱͽҴѧ֮ʱ߱鶫ݷʦգӺͻƵ졭
һţʮʱͻƵڣھ֮һнѧԺڽѧԺ֮󣬿˵еʵͻͽʱͻƵ˴ڣɹĽԺ
̫죬ʱӸڣڵĶƷΪҲǺʹ󲿷ѧԱƽѣڷµĶƷѧԱҲûʲôơ
ȻԷʱȴ˷ͷ۵һ֡
һͭƤǣ鶯Σʽؼǣжϲʲô͵ʿ
ΪһֱԼԷɽһĽ£ֻһƷΪ㣬Ϳʼ׵ı¶˳
Ҳǳ㣬ܹ漣ϧǣѡңЩѧԱΪжϺԵĽأҸϰô;ʽȥץסʲô͵ԣûɵĻң
˵еһ˫֣ûǧӰڲϵѹŷͬʱҲڲϵţҺҲϣܹ漣ѹһºǸһ棬Ҳȫ㣬Ҫõһ͵ʵͨһأ
һ߿ֵſ˵вţһЦҲûҪˮѾ˷̫ʱˡ
ôлӮ𣿡˵һ㲻Ļش
ǵģѾ׼˺ܾˡȷʵҲóʲôԣǡţſѡһʺ㡣
⻰˵дɱжֱͻȻһֲĸо͵̧ͷȻͿУֲͬɫĹâͬʱʢ
ľˮȽףԼϵԪûͻ͵ϵԪ
ͷųľԪһ̾һ𣬼̳ʵ壬໥ںȴμ
ҵøл㣬ƳҵⱾûκβϵļ룬ҵԪɵ鱾
ھֲͬɫĹâʼɢȥʱ򣬿УһӵĴӡķûκεĻɣȴˮһľɫⷽӡеޱȵĻ
ţžŹһⷽӡͽйһӡɡ
΢ЦȻһ֣һӡž޴ѹӿгſ˵оֱӴ
žһ
˵лð̫һĽ⣬ȴҲûֵܹסһֱӾͱ̨
ԭϵʿѹʲôãֻǿҴ򡭡һ鷳ļһ
˹һӡźԼѪĸоҲԼıиܵĽӴҪ飬Ǽս
оŸҪս
˵ڵı̨ʱԭѾڵȴӭӷѧԱͬʱԾŴͣнǴһȭͷҲǵ͵͵Ļһ
ǶԷΣõ˻رӮĲǿ˵УǷܾŸ֣ܹõһ
˵۾Ǹɳ©Եǣɳ©Ѿ©֮ɳԷ֮ǰ˽ֵٶȣƺʣµôһʱܾˣ
˵ˤڵϣƺûʲôˣվ֮ϵĻҳ¶Եľ֮ɫȻһԵģߵ˼н
ȷʵֻһƷʵҲȷʵûҵҵ֮Ӯң˵һûз˭ʱȴǷ˷˵ĵ
ʮƷϵѧԱ̨˶̾Ϣʱ䲻ˣȻһֱڼţƺٻ֣ʱҪˣ
Ȼֻһյʱ䣬ʮ̨ѧԱѾڵһķɳ̨ȻǱ䵽˵ϣ
˾ѯʣѧԱѾӵһ˼ɫǡʲôôܻķ
һ̺֮˾ֲͬľֻǵֵеļɣֱӷɳ̨
˳Ծķʵʱ򣬵ʮѧԱҲֵֻͬһյĹ򣬾Ѿɳ̨
ʮĸʮ
˶ĿɿڴĿһƷϵѧԱ̨Ȼһı򷭳Ļ֣Ҳһٷ֣һٷֵĲ
Ļڴﵽǧʮֵʱɳ©дԼʮ֮һû©꣡
ˮһĻѧԱڼѾõ漣ʱ̣
ݣҧá죬ѾûˣֵܶٶͻȻ֮ǰ˲٣ʮ̨ѧԱֶܹã
һ漣һģԺǰ漣
һѧԱڽԺĵһ̨УʮλԼ߳һƷѧԱļ¼ȫʤ
ʮѧԱԳݵɫ̨ģڹһӡһ֮£ֵͬסһӡһֱӴ̨Ϸ˳
ͬʱĻ֣˾ǧһٶʮ֣Ҳӵڶλãֱ˵һλã
ɳ©ɳɳɳӣҲû˭ȥɳ©һۣ˶ӿŵ̨ҪһʱĿ˿ǰ漣ķ
۵ȼԺײѧԱ
ĺɽҲһ˿֮ɫѧԱǳˮһӿǸ̨һ֣ǫ̃ȫ˵棬ڵ̨ǳȥȫϣ̨Ŀ¶˵ǰ
԰׵ӳ˵
ȻľŸ֣һ֮¾ͱ̨÷Ҳʼϲǣöȫ۶ɵĹһӡÿʹһΣĵľȴǳϵĴÿζҪڵȫ಻ٳվŴΣܹһ
ҲӦõģ޴ķÿζҪӴԪôһ֮£һƷϵʿɳ̨
Ȼˣ̨սž޴ģٷÿʹùһӡһֻǰѶִɳȥûöԷ̫ˣսУĹһӡܷ̫ãһδ֪顣
˵ˣԽս̣Ԫö۳ıҲ̳ص㡣
ô˵ȷʵӮˣ۵Ҫ޲Ҫͷ˯һҲȷʵӮˣ
̨³ˮһӿƣѧԱǣ¶һЦݣȻһͷԵ
ҲܵĿ⣬ֱӾͽԼĻȻϥ÷ĿԼ
˯ķȻҲûע⵽һ㣬һĴս֧ŷȥģֻǲĿĲݵ̬ʱ򣬼ȻѾﵽԼĿģҲȻȫһɡ
ʿȻԲ߲ݣȻ͸֧̫úõ˯һȷʵҲԲԼ


57 
̨ȫ
˵Ŀ⻹ڿڼ㻳˯ķʱĺɽƺٴʱɳ©Ѿߵ˾ͷµ̨Ҳͬߵ˾ͷ
ְһǧһٶʮְ֡ڶ㣬ǧһٷְ֡ǧְ֡ģ̣ǧŰٷ֡
ĺɽǰʮ˵֣չ򣬻ְǰʮģܹ¸¿ʼ֮ǰȥԺܿȥѡõĲԼʹãԽߵģܻõĲϾԽ࣬ߵʮֻѡһѡѡһѡʮ
ֺõĲϣͬǼǿԼһ;ѧԺԺǧ꣬۵ĲȰ˴ҼҪҷԶڴҵӵ˵ĻᣬҲҪúðյġ
̿ЦһȼҲûɶһֱǵڶǵõĲһģηճֱӾͰߵˣֱϣҲ۵úء
ˣһֵܣһϵĲϣ͸ˣ͵ֲһεʧĵ̵ļ
⵹ãҲ̫һ㡣
Ҳ뿪ˣ𣿿Աϣһĸˣ
ЦȻ˵Ӯ˺ĲǣһֱѹţͱõķӮ˺㣬ҲǾüˡ
οͷһСӵģһҹһӵܣҲûʲôò˵ġ
ǡ
˿һƽȫ۹⣬ŷļ㣬ʼеͷˣԼϵӵҲܲ˵ϵ㹫Ըɣⷽ浹Ҳûʲô̫ơ
ûг˯೤ʱ䣬ʿָͺܿ죬Ƿ͸֧̫ϢһҲͲˣ˯ʱľѾȫָ
𣿷
ĺɽ˴ӿнȻ˷ǰ˵ĻðˣֱȥԺˣֻҪ̫صˣ˲ܺãľ͸ֻ֧Լָ
ĺɽԼǰվȻ΢΢ѾˣллԺ˵Ĺġ
ܲѧԺǵһڽԺһ£õֵһѧԱȻҲصһĹϵȻ߸ʱڣʤʮ߳ԼһƷѧԱǰ󡣡
ĺɽ˵ۣ΢΢ЦŬܹõ˵Ŀ϶ҲʲôʵԵĺôȻ㣬ȴǴ仯ģ
ǻְһչԽԺܿȥѡʮϣǰʮѾѡˣֻˡ
ĺɽ⻰һ¡֮ǰû˵飬Ҳûн˵
Լнѵ¶˲˼ı飺ˡҪǰǰʮ飬ʵ̫ԶˣһʱҲû뵽һ㡣
̲סЦнһʵˡ
׼Ժܿʱ򣬲ŷԺռǺܴȻȴŸָĽģֻƽʱҶѡ
ڵģֻԴĽڵ¡
ÿ³ſŵĴÿ̨ʼʱŻֵ̨Լİصµܿ⡣
ǸİڣЩ
ôˣȥɣģԺҵʶ֮̽£κΣյġĺɽ˵
ǣֻЩ뷨ץץͷȻԺҲܿ⣬װһ֧ʿ鱦ԺҲܿ⣬ǸָƷʿҪϡѵԺҲܿ⣿
Ժʵûܿġĺɽ˵¶һ˿΢ЦΪʲôܸ㡣
˵ͷȻ̤߽Ժܿ⣬Խ˽ѧԺԽѧԺǲӦôڵġ٣ѧԺչֳʵѾˣѵҾһ㶼Ϊ˶ģ
ԺԺܿⲻóѧԺҲĸ֣ԺͲ˵ˣ˵еȫңڸɵĳţϰңڵĸ֣⼸ͿԶҼϰ˴ҵյңڸֵˣ
һӴĴڣȷʵûʲôҰģңܷģ
ǰЩ߸֮С˵е֣ҲʲôʱͻѧԺ֡
ƺһУʱͷû̫ĹϵֻһһƷСʿͶҡѧԺңڸƵĴڱֻһֻС϶ѡ
ĶУܿ죬һĿռ֮УĲȻܶ࣬ƷҲرĺãõ޷ǾƷҵĲϣֻֻһƷʵķ˵ʵѡһƷĲϣܹıøӵϬ
ԽսʵȻɴ½ȴɴţһƷʿֻһƷĲϣıܹʹָʹãڷĹһӡȻ޴ȴҲǻźܶǷȱȫɷ۶ɵķв̫ر㹻ëûкõĲƽȥĻĹһӡҲǼ߶ѡ
̫ڿνһףȻٹŪһЩöȻЩڶǸռ棬ԼûŪʹãܹܿѡõĲϣ˵Ҳһᡣ
ȻϵƷܸߣȻԺܿȴб֤ġ
ѾǺˣ⣬ص㣬Ҳ⣬ѡʮֲϣĲÿҪѡһȫԼĹһӡܿЧΡ
ѾƷʿ˵ƳԼʺϵķͬһ̣粢ûʲôʦ֮ĴڣΪٳɫʦҲֻܴ칩ʿʹõ鱦ͻڵʿʹõĶԼıԷɴ½ϵʦĶ࣬ʦȴһûУ߿˵ÿʿǶʦ
ԺܿһԺܿĲϣǷűźõģϸѡһѡ˾ֲͬһƷϣϥȻһӡʼ߶ԪЩϣһһڽһӡС
ʯޡľ𡭡һһĲϱͶ˹һӡУÿһϵͶ룬ùһӡӦԵɫһЩ
һֱֲȫ˹һӡ֣ͣϸĴɫøĹһӡ
һ¹һӡüͷҪķǼֻ࣬ҪڵһξܹһȻ֮ǰƺȴûʲô仯
ʵǣƲɹԼģǲȴûбʱԼ㹻ʱķߡ
Ķأ
żƱҲΪһ̣ÿ˵ıƣɣҲﲻ̫ࡣ
ʧܣֻ֤һЩʲôԺĥε飬Ȼҵؼľϡ
һӡڣܿ﷭˷һϣѡһϵĶƷϣͬսԼڡ
ҪԴõλãһ»õһ֮ĺô


58 
һһ֮ܿ߳ĺɽҲûЩʲôĲϣܿжнƵģʮ֮ͲˣҲ͵͵ĶؼϡʲôϣĺɽҲȥʡ
нʶܺΪʲôļսмǰеĶƷ϶ɵľʹ̨ˡȻǷͻƣŻı֡
нվһȻû׷ʣȴǺ֮ɫļҲûʲôģֱӾͼ˹һӡǿһ˵һʿıǵսһңսԼı֮ϵı֣ҲΪ档
ҹơҲܻƷʿˣһʱ£нһ䡣
ǲһ㡭͵ƷʿҲȶƷϵʿҪǿö౶Ҳ̨Ļ²ôƷϵѧǡԿĻδӮһƷϵʿϾǱʹˣҰһ£Ҳͻʧȥս
нͼͬеĵͷ̨ʽıȶϾһ̨ôĵطҲԽսṩ˿ԣ֮ǰһƷѧ̨Խսɹн̡
ʱ򣬷ǺĿ˿վģһµѧԱǣתͷʼ㣺Щѧô£
¶һޱȿĵЦݣǡı۷ԸѧǡȻˣֻһϵģⲢǾͻһֱֻѧԺΧ֮ڣԸŽߡ
һȻϸһ¾ȻЦûѧԺɴĴ㣬ͺ㣬ͼǶͬǼŴıЩǵѧԱ뿪ѧԺ֮ҲܽܵĸǵߣȻıһõǰ̡Լأһ޼οЩѧԻǰ;
ѧǣлǵ
һҾֻĳһ׶ȭ£ʵڵλĿáҲûʲôɰҵĵطĻҿԽѣʽͲҪˣλΣ
վʿ໥˿ȴûһҪ˳ġ
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ϾЩѧԱһǶƷϵĺ֣һһƷոմﵽƷͨѧԱֲԸͶȻܵżͨѧԱǱϣڷ֮ǰսУЩӻĶƷѧԱڲ໥ĵνֵĻᣬûкͷжԿѡеģʮа˸ɢ¡
ѧԱûһҪƶ뿪ģЩסˣ벻͸һ㡪ԼûôЩѧԱǴʲô̬
ʱ򣬸˺ܴ鷳÷û嵽һĿ˵д󲽵վ˳ԺǱ׼Ĺ¼ҹˡƽִˣҲر츳ԱѧԱվڷĶƷѧԱ˵Ҳһ֪ѣȴһ˵ϻ˶ûС
ˡ
˵кĴЦŽԺҲһȺˣһһڣĸԺûʲôǰ;ģվ󣬵һ˶飬ڶǿ֣һѪԣܵĺúӣȺˣٺ٣ѲģԺҲһ㣬ֻܹʹһ㣡
ܹһСģϵʿһҲЦ˵һȻ³ģ⻰ҲǶԵġǿûʲôǰ;ܸ󣬹ʹһ㣬Ҳֵˣ
ǰ
ǾһȺ»Ұ뱧ȡůȺһ˭Ҳ˭ںò״Ҷ㣬ʲô˵ģ
ǣٿн㹫ǺӶôߵĻ֣Ҫһӣ˵ҲһЩְɣ
İѧԱͬʱҺĽһ˵òȷʵһȺ»ҰһɶûС
Һıһ֮ȺȴƺĬ˵к͸һͷİͬʱԷһȻҵԸӷָʾˮˮȥȥ
ǳ׵סˣԶԶģ㿴һĻ¶ЦȤĿһĻһֱϣܳһٲҪú̫š
ȷʵסˣȻͷԴϻۣȻϾֻƽӵܳǴСͽܵǾӢȻͳһǰҲǸͨˣûдصľ飬Ҫİ˶ΧԼתԼ治֪Ӧô졭
һ֮ЦһĻƺʶ޼ɱ̽Ϊʱ򣬲Ҳ޼Ǹ޼ʶøλɵСӣҲûôܣϣΪһĹǣҲܸõĺǰһɢɳǾ㹻ˣ
İʿУƷϵʿнˣһɺܴˣԺƷϵʿмҲˣȺ˽ӽɣѾԺĴˣ
϶Ʒк͸ƷʿӽˣһٶһƷʿȷʵҲԺһɲɺӵ֮ǰֻΪǶǸΪսԲűεѹء
һ㣬Ҳûٽˣǵ˵ͷҵ˼ˡȻԸߣǾ͸Űɡ֮ǿԿСᣬһ£ӦڽлøĻ֣øơ
ѧԱǴϲʮ˵ҲǷǳҪģУŶӺͱɢҪǿö࣬ЩҲڳ֮ǰΪ׵˻ܺõĵÿСʵʵֵƣ֮ǰҲ㣬ûһǿĵߣȺĸʿ˭ܷ˭ο϶кл˭ԸԿ˺棬Ȼֻһɢ
ҲܹãֻҪܹôܹ֮ǰõĻҪࡣ
ȻѾͬͳǣѧԱҲһ񡪡Ҳоϣ֮ѧԺʱЩѧԱǾҪΨհЩҪԼ𺦼ĲҪ֮⣬ĵ䣬ǶҪĻͷǵľͲǷĺɽ˴Ժ
ѧԺȷʵһйصĵط
İѧԱһһǰҲķ˲ʱ䣬֮󣬷վԼǰѧԱƺֶ˲٣ԭڿʽԼ֮󣬲ٱԥɢǣҲ¶˾ģʼ뵽ǵ
գʾԸܷͳѧԱˣȻĻһƷ͸ոսƷѧԱƷϵѧԱô˾ʮˣȻѧԱѾԺȫѧԱ֮һˣ
۳ŵ֮һ
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߿֮ϵĺɽ˶һлӣȻȴǷǳ⡣
֮ǰֶԿ㣬ƱػĳͻЩɢܵѹƸ󣬼ûʲôռ䣬ڶ˷Ϊ㣬κһԸͻЩǱŶԵѧԱĿռҲöɣ
⣬ĺɽ⿴ġ


59 ʿ
峿һֵʱȻԺûܹ⣬ȻĺɽȴܸܵеѧԱҲ֪
ÿµǰʮ죬ԴǴһַǳ״̬Уֻһ죬ԴŻڵʼð⣬ԽǿĵطԽǺޣòã
ҪĺɽָӣѧԱǾԶİ˳ź˶ӣվ˷ڹȥһվڵһλãӰ˷졭
ǰǸһӰһֱǰ龰ǰӰҪСö࣬Ҳö࣬ȴǰ
ûȥܺʱջ飬Դ˷ܵĿͻȻޱ޵ĸһ̧ŽԴ˹ȥ
ڽԴ·һţһжʮţֻһ죬ŻԶ򿪡
߽˽Դ
ڲҲûôã͸ڹ߲
ڣʽ̨ף̨࣬һһ˸źĶߣʲôûУֻһɢˮš
öˮϵ͸ǲݱ֯ɵţ棬ˮãٶȸ졣
ͷһļЦ˵һ䣬⻰Ȼ˵ġ
ڶ߿Ǳ־֣µǸһǧȥѧԱֻҪסԼ֪ԼӦʲôط
̨һһĳߣԽϣ߾ԵԽ󣬶͸ǿԪҲԽŨ
Ҳ֪λѧԺĸˣܹ顭Դصʮа˾Ŷ£һƬȻôµĽƣһжʮڻۣȻһȫһ죬һ꣡Ҳ̾һ
ǰѧԱǳµģֻһȺʲô֪Ĵ޷ɫ˲šҲȥ
Ļжࡣĵ
ⲻ𣿡ƺû㻰Ĳˬˣһν뽹Դʱ˷ҲǽܵġѧǰȻҪѧϰ˷ˡ
ᵽ֮ǰѹ˺һļ˷ȻɫøӲÿ
һЦ
ӵܵĹĶǣȴûзϣֻϸĹ۲ŽԴܡ
ϣĽƺͷ䣬ÿ߸ľ顢ͻԪб֮ķ䣬ǣԪķòԪܱ谭գԽϣԽҪķҲͻԽ࣬ѹôһԴֻһǧλãΪκһλãռ˺ܴһƬĿռܹиõЧ
ϣϡ
¥ݣ˽иƺΪݡ
ЦȻ¥ݵĶ壬Ҳûһ죬롮졯ȴӵĽӽ
²ⷽҲ¶֮ɫɴ½ʿģǷɣ֣ŵľǷɣɽ磡
Ҫ֪ɴ½һֱ˷ɵģ˵ʱʱĻɽʹ·ָ˼ʿ½ôһֱȴ̫Ѫ¼Ҳʹ½֮ϻиɽ絯ѹźܴĹϵ
һĿǰ棬׵ʵﻹʲô̫˵ĵط
ֻɣռĿ꣡
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һ˵Ƕߣ˵һƽ̨һ¥֮󣬳ֵһ޴ƽ̨ܹĸַͽƣӯŵģޱŨҵԪ
ƽ̨ܣСʯһĶĶϤǳ֮ǰʯ
ʵأӨ͸ƷʯҪ֪ԴŸոտţͷѾҪ۳Ʒʯˣɼռ֮
˵еĶ죬ԼҲŵŨɣȻرȶҪһΣϾǽʮһڼľƣ
̾ϢһȻٲ˸̨
ĺ㲻ʵĿ˸̨һۣȻ̾һ߽̨Ǹߣν׺ΪˮȻڶڵĶЧҲǳĺãϰ˵һλ֮ȥڶλãôܾøأ
ȴں˿̵飬ôųΪ˵һȻҪúõһ³ɹ
λãͬһɡ͸ǲݡ֯ɵţ˹ȥϥ£һ˲䣬Ҫ˹ȥգۿɼŨԪͬˮһ㣬˷ŷӿ˹
һ̣ڣͳ˴Ԫ𵤿ʼĵﴦתԪͬʱʼͷȻڴʱѾǳȻǸռ䣬ȴҲڲϵ
һУƺҪԼֻҪԪӿԼڵĿУ㹻ˡ
ɴɵԪ뷽ڣȻ󱻽սȥͬӽðԴԴϵıǸռ˽ȥʵϾǷص˹ʽԪ֫ٺǿʵ˹תԪΪȻǸռ䴢սʱֻᷴٷԼΪġ
ƽʱͬǣεٶȴƽʱҪö࣬ʮϰٱ
ڳɵĽ𵤣ղ˶Ԫתٿʼ
ʱǸռƺһ㣬ԭֻнӴСĿռ䣬ͻȻʹһЩСҲշڵֱմԴԴӿԪ
˷ӿԪʼֳɣһռ˴Լųɣֱγһ磬Ǹռ˽ȥֻһɱգȻתڣԪһͬսǸռС
һ̰ҵʱҲһ㶼С
ԼķģԭĵһλԪ̫ŨԼղô죬ڿǸռ仹ͦģٶԪֻҪУܹսȥսȥ֮Ϣˡ
ͷԣȻǶԼкôģҲ÷Ҫȥ׷
Ԫǳ˳ٶȸǿ쵽˷֮ǰһزԷҲģɴʶͳԼ壬ƾԼ屻ޱŨԪΧţţͬʱҲڴš
Ḷ́׳һ̣ͬǶԼһ̣ҪܸԪҪԼøǿ׳ԪޱǿȴޱȴʽĲпĥб̭ˣʿʱԼ屣ȻĻһͨûͻڵָ֣пϢȡȥʿͷ­
Ҫ֪ͻƵڣﵽӤɣԼԪʿҲҪϢģԪǶҵһܹҲҪܳʱܹҵϣеĳʿԼòãҲֻơݡֶ޸һԼѣû˭׵ĻԼġ
Գڵֻ̭עʿ̭òˣܹģ巨˫ޣԪȫĴƾͼҲִ޵ֵĴڣ
ڴҪԼ񣬷ҲͷſҪϸĹ۲һ⴦ѧԺĵط


60 ˮ
ŨԪˮһĳŷӿҲǷܹܵסʱڵѧԱǿѧԱģÿѧԱԼӦôĶ֮󣬶߶ᱻҲΪ˱ѧԱ˽
Է֪ǣ˿ԪٶȣǵųëɡҪ֪Ʒĺ㣬ڵһλƽ̨ʱҲûдﵽôԪٶȣƬռԪһǱȫյڵģȫƷʯʯΪ˽ء
أԪȫ丵β©Ľ˷ڣЩѾʼ۵Сʯۿɼڷֽţڱ˴ԪȻ󱻷һԵ뵽ڡ
ͬһĳԼӿԪͻȻһͷͼ˹һӡȻùһӡԼͷΪͷ֮ԪŨĵطҹùһӡܵԪĴǷܹһЩõı仯أ
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ƣֲһ̡
÷Ծǣһӡʱ򣬹һӡƺһ֪ŨͬʵһԪǺöһ㣬ڷͷʱ򣬹һӡĽһĿʼתԼһɵԪһӡ˽ȥűͷųʱƺûκα仯ȴùһӡҪںһԤס
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ԪΪɵĹһӡҲҪԪĴ֮²ܹøǿ⵹һµ˼·
֪Ҫǳʱ䣬һƷΪͣʱ䣬ȻһܹյԪƽʱٱȴҲδܹʲôЧ
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һӡơǸռ䵽ҪնԪЩ÷Ҫ̽飬ڣԪнͷҲģʼĵʱ䵽֮󣬽ԴԶжԪġ
ȫʶ֮ڣĸںԪϴˢ֮£ԼһһĽʵڵʣһһĴһ㡣
һӡҲˣһһԪϴˢһһʱȥȻȫƳΪһƷʱܹӳķźܳһξ룬ȴԸоó
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̲סЦʿıôƣнıˣֻҪ㹻ĲϼѪƣֻܿܳҪͨҪʱѣҲڽһƷ֮ѸٵľӵԼıòһȴ޷ӳֻܿȥˡ
ϸ룬ֹ鷳ľͻҲͬ鷳Ҫǣȫ֪ڴ磬Ӧͻơ
ڵѾ壬ȻȴҲ򿪽ƷǰԿףȷ޵һһߣʿһ¥ߵ¥Ҫúܳʱȥߣߵ¥ݿ֮󣬾ܹ̤϶¥ˣأһ¥ʱ򣬾Ѿ˶¥¥ݿڴ¥ݿڴȴһȴ·ϣҪ취ҵԿ״򿪴ţܹһ㡣
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㰲οԼҲһôʿţǼⲻͬǣǰ˵Ҫö࣬ھͣ࣬һֱĵĥĥľһܺõӡ
ļįܹοڡ
ҷԼһֱǾҪôܳʱҲǰԿףҪôͻҵԿ֮ɿͻƷɴ½ϣļ¼ڰ֮ڣڲʮ꣬õ㣬Ƶļ¼Ҳ治̫ϡ顣
ʼĵıĿˮһԪϵĽڵǸռ䣬ͣЪݽߡ
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աܹͰͻƵĻ˵һҴһƷͻƵƷ˰ɡţȻԼ⡣
һӡԾڱţɫñ֮ǰӨ͸һЩҾֲͬɫ໥֮ĽѾʼģ𲽿ʼһԡ
ڵĽ𵤴һȦɫҲʼøӵľǲԪͷеЧͬģ֫ٺƤΪԪĲϽ룬Ҳ֮ǰҪǿһЩⶼı仯
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֮ĴʶʼĽӽǸռ䣬Ȼ֮ǰռûʲôΣգõ˴УڹȥôˣǸռ᲻ʲôı仯˭Ҳ֪
ڽӽǸռ֮ʱ򣬷ʶûмŽȥվ˿ռڴ̽
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ǷܵģһĳţƺʲôûС
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ƶСķӿռڴ˽ȥ
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ˮռʲôûУΨһеģǺˮޱ޼ʵĺˮûκε
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Сһʼ󡪡ռҲڷڣСˣ޵ı
󡭡
һֱһ֮󣬷㿴ռĺˮʲô
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ڿһ֮ʶûС˻ָ֮ǰӣȻתͷ뿪ռ䡣
˹ҲܼڲϳԼӿȥԪʼ˳˼
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ǧͷҪɳһͷӵõռ𣬷飬Ҫϸ磬óһĽۣ


61 ķ
ռ䣬ԼĴйأһ㣬ǿ϶ġ
Ͼһνռʱ򣬷ԴǸº͵˵ͶӰõ˴ͻƵľϡڣԼͻڣռҲٴδ򿪣Լȫòܻġ
ڣռʲôûУûйߣֻޱߵĺɫˮޱߵĴ󺣣ȫֻˮġǿ
˷ɴ½ϵһп϶ǻеĪȴƺץһЩʲô
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Ե˵ͷԴӽѧԺ֮󣬿νо֮٣˻ʲôĵ䣬ҲǷǳĸȤġ
ֻҲҪصĵܹ˳ȥ֣Ȼ棬Ҳֻ뿪ȥһͬԼ֡
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ԺＸӵ˽ӽɵѧԱ棬ɲǿһȥ֯ЩѧԱ˵ˣһǰιһ᳤ֻһȥ䣿ǷǵɣǾһȺ˴һ档
Ҫһ齨ãÿѧԱܹñһ˵ʱ棬Ż
ͼһ㣬ߣǺͼϵܵӵܰæ˻ĿܣȻԸһ֣ԼȻܹ͡
ѾǺܳһϵҲǼ֮ǰҪԭΪӵС
ƽӵܡǺǣҾͿҪķѶʱ䣬תԼҪķѶٵľҵһλãŶûУ
Ҳǿˣ֮ǰܹõһȻصʺϴ̨ԭҲԼˣܹһЩֵĻûԼˡһ֮ڣʮƷʿѾǷļޣٶ࣬Ҳˡ
漣Ҳ͸ŷֲĹϵǲ֪ʲô취˲Ļ֣ȻӮɣһʲСĻ֣ټ̨ϻõĻ֣ųԽԼַǲɸƵġ
ڷ齨һЩ飬ǣľжʱܹȥ̨֣Ҳᳬ֮ǰķɣ
ЦԼ־ʲôļѧԱһϣȥʲôյܹ޵Ч棬ͬʱԼ˷ָ⼯һ֮֡Ǻܸӵ飬ֻǷǳķֻѾ齨ܾˣʲô˺ʲôһȥʲôطһ϶ȻͲҪٶ䡣
ǲ£Ҫ೤ʱܵãʱʮʱһ죿
ЦһȻ߽˴ʧˣʱһֱǶģϾƷʵܹȥֺŵյ˸һȥҲĺȡ
ҲԴǵĿ˷һۣȻ׷ȥԼϰߵ֮ȥܾǵİæԼûܳʱܹغˡ
Ȼǲ֪ǣûд֪ģЩͳķʽȥ֡
Ҫ棬һģ
ڸղôʱֻһ⡪ǷֱʲôԵģ
ռ֮󣬷ʿֳ˰˶ӡԵʿ֮⣬ϵʿȫУϵľЩˣֻп˵һˡ
ˮɽ𡢷С׻ǻˮ𡢷硢ϵУʡķͬʱҲǲ໥ųķ
ڣӣΪһˮΪΪΪģΪ壬ҺСӵֵʱ򣬾һ֣ͬ޶ȵļٷ֮໥Ӱ졣
ѧԱϵʱٻܱսѣľϵʱΪսѼӳֺͻָڿ˵㡭
أҸʲô˵һʡ
һΪ޵עܹȫȫ
ҪĻ˵һ²˵
ڿһ壡ҲΪܹøĻ֡һͬһͬԼλãܹøһЩ
û⣡
ԺڣʣѧԱͬʱȭͷߺ˵ļƻǿʼµġ
߿֮ϵĺɽˣ۾΢΢һ죬ȻЦ
Ҳû뵽ķķʲô뵽ķȴ˻ѡȥ


62 ˷
ʵϺܼ򵥣Ǿս֮˵ַ򵥵ģʡģҲ໥֮׳ͻķķһ𷢳໥֮䲻̫ķһƵޱߵķȥɱ֡ķһȺһƷͶƷʿԻɱƷҵޣ
ַϣƷޱ˲ɵҲǲܵ顣
뷨ǣ˼һһһӵĺȥκ޶ǻҷ𣬴ԹκһӵһԻɱƷޡ
Ȼô˼ӣܵõĻһ̯һҲûٻˣҪЧʣȥʲôյһǳֵ˼⡣
ȥɭ֡
˵Լȷĵص㣬һ˲䣬˶Ȼ
ûʲôյأڱɭָʺڷǵ֧ˡ
ɭֺ֣յأûʿȥģΪɭÿʱÿ̶޺ηĴɭгı߾һרפɭ֮⣬޽˺ķҹͣͳ塣
û֪޾Ǵʲôطðģֻ֪ɭʱߴﵽƷ޳Ƕı߾Ͱ˴еҶиפɭ֮Ļɭ޾޳˶ĸأʿҲûʲô⣬ͨƽ񣬱ضӭ޴ѡ
ֺյܹǰеĵطȴҲܸ޴桪ܻϿԹʿʹõģɭҲǶƷޣƷ˵лͻƵңڵĶޣֻŸոսͻƷͻңڵҵĸնȥѰҵԷڣȻһ
ȻԼһ׺ϻսܹȽɵĲϵ޵ĳǣҪȥģĵط
һĵطʺϷŵս;Ҵ򽻵˼нȻ˳ö࣬ȥɭְޣҲԹһ֣ǻжĻֽġ
֮ǰԺûȥɭԭһ˵޷޾ɭȥģСҲУڳ߿ԴﵽƷ£Ժʵǿĺ㣬ҲֻǱӴܵķݣϾһ˵ǿ޾޳֮£ңڵĸ֣ҲΪ̫ģЩͻɭȥնɱңڸ֣ҲɹȥԼķһУȻƮȻߡ֮ǰҪܶ׼һߣҲвٴǶĸǱӴܣһȺ׷ɱ
ֻɶ飬ܹ
Ψһɻ󣬾Ⱥ˵Ƿܹȫɱ
һ㣬Ҫ͵ˡЩǱȫҵָӲУ𣿡
Ȼ˶ķӣôĻһӣ˵дЦȻתѧԱֱۣ˵ǲǣ
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ͬĺͬһ
˿ʼڷ£
һâɭλڶɽ֮⣬ʮɽԶһ涼Χɭ⣬Ƕء
޾ƺɽÿڲϵĳޣԶΪ˱ԼأҲޱȵ⴦طɭ֮⣬ĸԴ߶һʮߴɣޱȺصĳǽͬʱǽ֮ҲĲ˷䣬ΧصɣݵĹͼӵصͻǽȴײðǡ
ޱȺصĳǽȴñ߾ҵĸվڳǽɱеģҪùѫ͵óɱУǽĹãǵ䣬ṩϢʱ䣡
ǽҲڴ˴Ķ߾ҵ˽ϷΪǽ
һ֮ͨ󣬳ǰģһ޴ޱȵıӪ
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ڸƵĲǽڣʿȻŸսΪһӪʮӪΪһãʮΪһţ˴ж߾һ˽һҲ˵ɭ֮⣬ʮʿפ
ҲÿѧԺǱ̭ȥԺԺӣͲǧˣʿûһ˵ôжʿܹ߾͸˽ʿĶڵطϸɻԸһҼյؾܳʮʿҲʲôֵ̫顣
ʵ϶ǵĴ󲿷־ںҶԿԼЩ׼յˣϾ׼յصҪܼʵǿЩͶĹңءϳࡢκԣʵڶ룬ȻҪʵȥԸ
˽Խ࣬Խ֣ӴľΪ˶Ը˭ġοڷ֪УܸһֱڱսȻȴ˵֣֮սǹҼһ
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Ͷ֮䣬Ԫңڵĸֱ֮ǰʿĵطǣѾΪصһӣʱܹ֮һԪԼʹãչ¶ƣˡ
һĸߴһӣòֺĴ󽫿˷ȺһۣȴͻȻסһ
һ֮ԼƣѧԱͬʱоһɡ
ͬһͷһ˹ȥȴ˺һЦݣ˷磡
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һ߾ͳ죬ӵܣѧԺԺĽ˷ҲǸһȽѹƵȫţ
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ڶҲǳı䣬Լ˷ͬϵĵ׸ϵȴǼã±ߴߴĽȫ˵һ飬Ȼż˷˷ǰ
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˷ʵû´ǼɭޱҪԺĹҲ֪ȷˣͬʱָӣȷܹһӪµĶһ㣬ֵס޵ĳ𣿡
ô֪ɵЦ룬ͳɭֵʱҲ뷨ɡ
˷￴ŷһѪսĥƵɢ˳뿪ԺʱѾƷ֣һѪսĥУͻƣѾȵվң֮С
ȴûб㣬΢Цſ
˷㿴˷һյĹһɣЦ˵ûԣô֪
ѧǣҸǽһ´˴һͳ졣˷תһ״һָλͳһ˽Ĵ󽫣ﵥԺҵ
ͼ˷ﵥҪС࣬òҲҪݲ٣΢ЦǰһܸܹԺѧ֮ܵǰûʲô뵽ɭء
ܻġ˷˻֣ȻҪô͸ǳĻᡭסÿӪ˳ʱÿһΣĻһȥǣÿһΣͻ´εʱһʱ𣿵Ȼܹ˳ĵӦõʱĻҲܹǵ޵ʱġ


63 µɭ
ƣͳʱн֮ȨͬʱҲʱӼԼµȨֻľֻʱģͬʱóԼľ˷ڵְλͳ죬һˣҲ˵ȨͬʿΪԼʱ£ʱǳΪһӪҲǺܼ򵥵顣
ΪӪɷͳ˧ģǵ֣ҲΪǡӪ
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ǵǽͷǽ⿴ȥʱһĻΪ֮𺳵ĳ棬˷ķӪǰ
ǽ֮⣬һƬʮĿյأյ֮⣬İɭ֣
ڿǽĵطΪһӪһӪͰһĵطڿк͵ݺᣬɱ֮쳹ʣ
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ÿһ֮䣬εϣƷҲ޷ͻϣÿӪֻҪӭսһɱ޾ˡ
ﵥ΢ЦĽţ·ϣѾн˵ˣλﵥʿԭҵϵӵܣȴһ춯صĻϵΪҲԽ˿أܹҵһ˽Ѿ֤ﵥǼҪһӡ
ҲнϵӵݺŬĶ
лͳ졭ĻҪעģֻǰޡ˼˵
ģֻǰ޿ɲǵģС£вϵӿǵҲнƣЩݵޣҲڽӽһﴦʱ򣬴ӵﵥȻǸϸĵˣϵΪš
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˵ͷȻǣԵ޵ͻƣѾ˺ܳϵȺѧԱҪҪ֤ԼܹӪܹ֮⣬Ҫܹ֤Լܵκε˺ĻǾûʸ
ʮˣһһӪ˰һأİؾӵҲǾļġ
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ָι״ޣĿ֮ѹѹӿ˹ϷɵģܵģļУͬһѪɵĺηĳ˹
ڳ֮ķ裬ķ˸ŲõĹâڿл˺ǵǵѪ
нһͷԳտɫˮһ·ųɱȴʮɫĽ壬ڷһ޴֮Ŀĵȥ
ͷԳ˹ʱͷԪʵʣȻѾﵽƷֻһܽңڵޣ޷κһյضԳΪǸյصİȴһ˲䣬ʧȥ
֫Ѫ꣬裬һͷͷ׺ݵܼȫλ֮ȫʬǺµڽӽƵʱԱƴȻȴһصǽ֮¶ΪΣǱ߾еϵʿڱԼսѡ
߾սȷʵˣֺݵɱ޵Ҳ㹻ǿ
ѧԱǵɫЩ԰ף˻УƷƷ޲٣żҲƷ޳֣Ӫʵֵܹס
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˵ʵ˵ʵǲ˵㡣ﵥпϵһ䡣
λҪһˡͷȻѧԱǵȥúõһ⡣
ӪѧԱǳĬŷ˲ǽﵥں΢Ц
ͳˣӪҪһԶءߵһױüͷ
Ҫ֪һЩ֮ŻηġҿҲ˽⵽ɭֵն֮ѵĻҲΪǶ߾սĵص֮һˡԸȥطȥˡﵥ΢ЦŻش
ﵥΪ֧ԺѧԱɵĶܹȥҪ֪ʮʿȻ󲿷ҲһƷͶƷʿȻÿӪĹǸǳڵʿһӪһƷʿӪʮƷʿΪǸɣʮƷʿռ˴󲿷ֵһƷƷʿܹڳ
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ҿǵЩȫû뵽ɭ־ȻôпĴڡ
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ղҹ۲ʱ򣬷һǾǱ߾ÿӪÿιǻһȥģ໥֮Ҳ˲٣ܹĻҲûлᡣ
˼ţȻͷ֮䣬Ǵʿһֵͬķ֮䣬ǲܲ໥ģܹ⣬ǵսʵҲǲֵܵס޳ġ
໥֮䶼ϤʵϵⲻЩƷޣûڶʱڶԸ
˵̾һֵ֮ʵƷ޿׵ɱƷҪķѵʱܹɵڼ˹ҪôԸοƷޣҪΧŴܹѶԸġ
ǵķȫԴԴϵļǻǹõģ˻ٶҲûô죬лʱ䡣֮˵
ôܣˮǲܽȫһҡҡͷһ˼˵
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ĵĻѧԱǲ˼ľ
֮ҵȫ뵽һӡܲˣȥģǴԪǸϵҪһ£һһӡܹɶٷڶĸϵǷܹܺõĴȥܹĻڽУƺҪ̫ġ
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˵е۾˸ŹâȻ֪ĻǶôľˣһܹƵĴϵĻֱַܹ߸ɴ½ϵսϵ
ǿҵıƶɵġƺҲ޷γƹ㡣΢΢Ц


64 һӡһ
ǽ⣬ɱ죬ǽڣϵġϢģԵҪࡣ
һ̣ƺҪӵİһЩеı߾˽ǣ̧ͷڿеöɢžɫ⻪Ĺһӡ
ҶöˣƷʿ˭û״϶ǿ˵ϲãָϡŹֵķʲôϲǮʿ״ķϲʿ鱾״ķЩ˱н״ķѾǺͨˡ
ķУӡ״ķҲ٣ҲʿȻⷽûʲôɻ䣬Ūһӡ״ķʵҲǶôϡ
Ȼʱöͨӡ״ıȴǽھʿע
ΪһʱӪʿѾԼ󲿷ֵԪ뵽˹һӡһӡûΪԪӿʲô⣬Խ
һ㣬е֣ΪǸռԭƳķҲѰһ֮ǰѾˡ
ӪʿһԼԪһ棬ϣȷʵЩ˾óԾĶ
ôʿķȷʵһܿµ飬ǽڵļ˷ͲǽϵﵥҲˡϾڹһӡɢƣҪһƷʿˣĸڴ˴Ҳǲģһһڶʿʶг֡
ʲôȻʿԪ
˷Ҳˣھдһ࣬Ҳܵ뵽ķܹƹĻڶľǶôİ
ҵܶıķҲֻһָܹӰ
ЦŻشڿʼⷨĺôˣǾôԪ֮󣬷ҪԼܣ֮ǰܹ۳Ż֮ɵţȴԼɾ޴ѹڣѹȴѾһӡˡ
Ļ˷һźȷʵֻƵ˲ܹʹãͬɡ
뵹ǲģһԭ˷ĹͷҪһУôصĹ𣿡˷˷֮ͷȻһ⡣
ֻҪ𹥻ˣȻҵսʵϣϵľϵʿҪ뷨Ψһĵľǣ£ܹɶɱˣǷƷҲܹѸٵ˺ش
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˷ЦҴҿܹķжɱ
˵ȻΪžԵţƷʿƷޱŲεѹƺʵϵѹƣԷĽ˼ϲ֮⣬ҲҪһ·Ŷս˼档
ﵥԶԶվڲǽ֮ϣңңĿһĻ
ͷá
Ҳûнʲôǲǻ˵˷ôѧԱܹ˵˷Ļǲһ漣ˡ
һǽһƬյأ˷վм䣬˫ָڱһĻ벻⡣
Ѹٵ˸ָһӡһ绡һִ׹⣬ż˷ͷ
˷ﲢûжֱӾͰһȻЦƷʿȫһ˵㡭
Ļû˵꣬һָȻʮͬʱ֣ϳһִĹâֱż˷ͷ
ơټˮӿֲͬķȴޱܵĻһֱ弧˷
˷ɫҲЩˣû֮ǰվ÷򣬶˫һԼǰӲһУ
һ춯صĺ𣬼ޱȵĵ汻˸󶴣˷Ҳ˴÷ֻ˼˷Ѿס˲ӣȴòǽھʿͬʱһ
ãһ£ƷʿȫһƷޣҲһ߶ƷʿĺȻܹôѵõǣһȻ棬Ӫڲսʸ񣡡
һɣ˷ȴûиеǺĴЦ
ҲһȻԼ˷ʩһ
лѧιУҵеס
˵Ļ˷һ֣ܹɭȥĻԺÿ£Ƕܹڲǽһϯ֮أ
ӪѧԱһ£Ȼͬʱ˻
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ʱ򣬲ǽ𲽵ͣ˷ͷ߰ɣһĽˣȥǽϣǴʱˣ
ӪٴεϲǽʱǿѾ˵øɸɾڲǽɱĸӪսʿǣɵǵʬףõĲȡȻûõʬ׶һգϾеѪҺʲôо綾ģʱգܻɶ˺
УÿһӪϿգһӪţ
ÿʱ޾ͻһӵʱ䡭ʱǽʿռϵʱ򣬶һӰӪͻսѹЩʲôʱѧˣʱһֲôûз顣
˷Է͵ȻָָǽұԶ˵һӪأǲԶ˴Ӧһ¡Զ˴˵Ҫһ㡣
˷ںͷ˵ŵʱﵥ
òݵͳǶԷ˵ͷȻȻܹķܹȥˡ
˵仰ﵥת˼˷
ͳ죬ղҸоƺһͷޣͻƷ
˷üͷһʲôط
ɽĵطﵥش
鷳ÿζ֣ôԶܹȥˡ
˷ﱧԹһ䣬Ȼ̧ͷﵥϹأȥɵǸļһ
Ч͡ﵥ˵ͷ
˷ת˷ǵһ£еС鷳ܿǾͻ
Щ㶵ĵ˵ͷǵĻп֪ҪȥնɱһͷոմﵽƷޡȥܹ
ѧԱҲԾĿż˷ﵥȻ֪ǶƷʿҪնɱһͷƷ޲ѣɭֵĸء޵Ĵڰ
Ȼһ̣˷Ѿڿշ𣬻һĽ⣬ֱɭָأ
ﵥ󣬸ڼ˷һӣͷðһţߣÿͷţޱȾ޴󣬻ðȵĻ⣬Ȼǻɣȴʵʡ
ﵥľˡ˵ֻǸϵӵܣȴһĻϵΪ˱ʾĻϵģ۾ͷðĸţ˳ΪţȺս
нԷţʱԭɭһƬɧܷɵڿն𣬷˷ﵥˣﵥûʲôͷţʼĻ⣬ǿ˵ޣ˲䱻յøɸɾ
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˶ĳЩܷɵޣٵҲƷʵǿܴﵽƷǧͷޣȴһ䱻ﵥɱʲôʵ
ңڵʿͶܹ֮شңµޣһ
ӴȺﵥزǽĻһˣܹغܾúܾðɡ


65 
ﵥһ·ɱ޵ʱ򣬼˷ȴʲôûǲܲ˵ĳɭڳ˹ȥ
ԽǽӽɭֵĸأƷԽߣƷ޾ͲﵥܹɱĶˣҲúķһ
ȥԶ֮󣬷ǾҲӰˣֻԼԼģɭָش
ֻһյʱ䣬˷ﵥٴγ˵˷һѪȴ̬һ޴ͷ­İֱӾͷ˻ﵥɴ߶ŻţΪ˷￪·ͶϺ
޷ŭĳţȴֻĿңڵʿҡڵķɻ˲ǽ֮ϣ
ɻļ˷˳־ͽŵͷ­˳ǽ֮ϣȻԼĴͳƣӸﵥһԼ˹˵ĺȹһϰٽľƣһĨͣЦʹ죡
ڳǽϵģһͷϻģͷ­뷢ţóǰơ
ͷҲмϧ˵㡣
˷ﲻ˵
Ŀһеʿͬʱźͳ䡱֮ڶҡҡͷ˷˫Ȼǲ˵ˣﵥҲǾӹΰܺõİＧ˷峡ṩ˼˷ﵥɱеĿռ䣬ͳ죬һһϸ˼һóԵĲһóȺսһܹĻɱһͷƷޣҲȻΪ档
мκһҪһ㣬ǳѣ֣ܹ֮һ
ˣǿԳˡע⣬ʮӪء˷Է
ͷʱӪӶѾռϵĲϣ޵ʼصǽ֮ϣҲҪѸٵȱȴŽʱ޵ĳ
ڷ󣬷ӪƫԶӪУԶɭڣѾ𽥵ĿʼǵӰԽԽ࣬ԽԽࡣ
һӣǰǽ
ӣУעԼҪƺͼӳֵĶ󣡡
߶ӣ׼Լķ
ŰʮϵѧԱǽֵǵԶ빥һٶľϵѧԱʱ׼ƺͼӳ֮󣬷ͼ˹һӡ˿УʿʼͬԼķԴԴϵ͵һӡУ
˵УҲӵµǾǽԼķ뵽һӡУΪϵṩ
ʱ˾͵ʧȥȫսˣֻǲϵĽȫ䵽һӡУľϵѧԱǲϵľ֮ΪṩԪģսȫ˷һ˵ϡ
ƮΪ˸õĹ۲˹Ľ׶Σͷȵͷ޺󵽣ͷʲôʲôƷģҪʲôԺʲô̶ȵķȥԸⶼҪ˲
ʵǣԷ˵Ҳһ޴Ŀ顣
ŹһӡڲϳӯķȻŹһӡϵĽķתΪԭʼĻ֮ȻٶתΪֲͬķķԻɱƷޣֻǵԼ᲻ôǡôЩȫɱ
Ҫ֪ӪνûʲôֿģսˣȫԴԴϵĹעڹһӡУܶܶģҲֻרŸİʮѧԱһ޳ƣٵģܾͻһɱ
Ҳ˷ἰʱӪˣҪü˷־ȺѧԱеκһĻôӪҲûдڵıҪˣ˷Բһûʵֵ޵Ӫ췹ԣۼСҲС
˼һۣÿһ˫۾˲Ŀ
ľϵʿ˿̵ȻǰԼѼӳֵ
ľϵʿĳ٣ϵʿǽ̵ķ
˼һ֮󣬷ջ۹⣬ŹһӡԽԽӴԪԶԽԽޡ
ڣɭ֮ޣɭ޾ޣͬʱһűŰĺȻ٣ʼ˳
һĵڶ޳ʽʼ
ڰɭֵʿ˵ÿ̶ĴΣÿνӽʱ޳ǳΪ޳ݴʺ󣬳ˮһޣ
ڷ֣һӡܹģƹ㣬Ҳ̫ս塣
ԽԽޣﵥͻȻ˵һ䡣
Ϊʲô˷ŨüһȻʵ
ʿ뷨ʿͲ̫ܶȱˣصһ֮⣬û̫ôضĵ²ܹõսҪĻԷֻҪܿĻô򣿶˵൱ļ߰ﵥ̾Ϣ
ȷʵͦߵģ£Ƿǳãܹƹ㣬ǾͲôˡ˷ͷ
Ҳûǵս顣ﵥ˵һ䡣
ʱϲ˵ʵëͦġ˷ԼĴһۡ
ԽԽ޳Կʼɿת
ƺоԼصǰһϷӿ˹ĵˣҪͷЩ赲ĳ֮⡭ֻϷʧܵĺӵء
棬УһķΧڣ㹻ϰͷ޲籼ܣܹһһĻҪԸ鷳ˡ
ͷƷХǱǰ棬ַϵȻɣȴȥ磬ٶȿеһġ
ۿͷХܽһﷶΧ֮ڣĬһӡһ绡ͬʱӹһӡͬʱͷƷޣ
ĲҽͷХǾ޴һ£Ȼ鴤ĵأԭûɥʧȻӿ޴̤Ҳֻüһһ
磬˷ɱĻ
绡С򡭡
Ⱥ˷ʩΧ֮⵽ȫλĴ
ԭʵĵ棬Ѿһˮ绡ˮϻţ֮Ϊĳ˻ܴ̣ÿһ˿ڡ
Уһ𣬷޵ƤëëսζڿУķУһش壬Ѫ⣡
ˮ绡ɽһ𡢷УһߣƷµм޷ĸϵޣһʺ㡣
ķķȻȴʤӴ󣬴Ӿ뷽Ӫһؿʼʮɵľ룬ȫϵǰͺ̵ȴǰͺ̵ӭ
ԶԶһĻļ˷ĵ˵ͷһ֮·ƷԼµ޼ͻƣǿƷϵޣҪôܶԸˡ
ķһɽ绡֮Уڻ޳ߣ˷µòֻƷޣͨߡ
һϵĲ·ŻչĽںۼͷв˿ڣߣһһ죬һ׹ֱеķ
ʮϵʿͬʱһʮܳ˷ǰ׹ܣȴɱڰܸ
һָһִĽڿأȻ֣ŹᴩĴ죬һ鶯ĵ
ܱƵϵʿɫͬʱһףֻľϵʿǵܿ͵ˡ
ϵúܲȺСһ˷̾˵һ䡣
ﵥ˵ͷӪνɣר־רһľϵʿǼӳֲֺʣµĶʮʿڸϵʿֲͬʱҲڲϵΪղ׼ϵʿķƵʱ򣬱ǻܵģʱʱƣܹǸõķӡ
ֻؼģڷϡﵥ̧ͷ۾ŷܹôӵ²ϵ赲ǰһƷСһ򵥡


66 
Ȼһߣǰͺ̵ĳţ޵ܹжϵóЩʵ޴ֻڶ࣬Ȼôķ໥֮ҲǺ׵ģʮɵľ룬Ǳ
ֻҪٽӽһ㣬ǾܹԼ츳ͨȺʿ
Ȼڽ֮ǲŻȻ֣Ȼڿش壬֮ȴȫͻֻҪͻ⵽ײеĴ
ޣȫʵĵˣ֪ޣڲĳ̡
΢΢һСͷһߣֻҪϵķϵȥˣҪķľڣľֻҪԸЩͻߣʵﵽƷޣǾ㹻ˣ
״Ȼ÷Ӫܹõĵǵĳ
ͶƷƷһƷ֣Ʒʮ֣Ʒһٷ֣Ʒһǧ֣Ʒһ֡һٷְ
нһ߶ż㣬һʼ㡣
ֻҪԴԴϵĽԼĽϵ뵽һӡоˣԱȽС
ڲϵעսǵһҪݽͻ͹ȥһֲľϵԪнԵļ㣬û˵Ҫ֪ٸ˷ءһ֣һҲһٷֻ֣ǰĶҪЩѡ
ԱߵѧԱǶ¶΢ЦһÿѧԱƽҲõǧңЩƷѧԱ˵Ѿ֮ǰҪõöˡ
ĺô
ʱһһĹȥԴԴϷ֧֮£ǵķҲԽԽܼÿͷ޶Ը͸ܼĴȻƷڲϵĳߣϵҲԽԽأԽԽױɵ
ƽһʱͷƷޣһʱУһͷƷ޳֣ҲǶ߾֪޳Ĺɡ
ҲΪ֪Ĺɣ߾ÿһӪĸöһƷʿΪףʮƷʿΪǸɣƷʿڼ˷ﵥʱ׼©ȱԸЩпֵܳƷߵޡ
Ҫ֪ÿһͷƷޣ϶ᱻңڸֻɱҲⲻ©֮ģԳͨʿʵ޳ֵʱ򣬾Ǽ˷ﵥͳױֵʱˡ
죬ƺûгޡ
˵ʱʱǵĳʼøӵ˶֪ʱƷ޵ĳҲ
ԼעѧԱҲǼӴԼķŷһ£ѧԱеٻʦͣǿʼٻһͷһͷĿܣ׼Ĵս
ٻʦܹٻϵĿܣϵٻľܣϵٻľǸܣܵʵٻʦȣֻʿпܱٻʦ
ѧԱУٻʦıߣֻдԼʮٻʦǵٻ֮£ʮͷߴĿǵķ֮ǰͣ޸Ŀ⣬ǰս
ܵɱǺܴ󣬵ڲסȴٺòˣûи飬ûʹֻб飬ܲŻʧȥá
ÿܶٻʦκһٻʦһζֻٻͷܣֻٻʦļܵҲӦ߶ѡ
УһͷƷĻðŻֹˮ򣬺ͷƷʵѩݺܼпУ˳
ֹˮ򻹺ãĻΪ˲ٵ˺ϱԼսͷԭƯë޳ѩݺȴǱޱȣһëյ˴룬޳ҲĴǷɵ˿ڡ
ͷ޳ֵʱеٻʦһ־ʮͷߴĿܿʼŲֹˮӭȥ
ǵ񣬾ȲסƷޣȷɵͷƷ֮˵ͬԸͷƷޣ
ѩݺڿдķУϯڷǰܵķأֵѩݺķУֹˮԭҪһͬŷģȻʮͷĿܣеһ˿Σա
ֱһӣƾð˳ͷѩݺ˸ʵʵѩݺ˼Хķ˲ͽٸ߰˰ˣȻʱž޴Ļڿг֣ͬʱѩݺĳϣ
ͷѩݺֻͱŻ
ѩݺǿģǵĳ򣬵ȼʱǷļУҪ棬Ƿȴǻء
ſʱִĽ⣬̴ԱʧʱҲʧȥ
ͷѩݺʱ䲢ȻֹˮҲչֳƷ޵ľʵڷֵʱҲϽǰĶ֡
ЩΧĿܣֹˮû÷Ļ⣬Щܿʼײÿһײһͷȫ飬ͬʱҲһٻʦѪ̱ڵϡ
תʱֻͷܻڲֹˮҲӪΨƷΪٻʦٻĿܡ
ǾĿܣѹԵʵ֮£ҲǺܿˣˣʮٻʦʧȥսǶʱĻ壡
˫һָˮӹһӡӿͬӵңֱֹˮ򡪡һͷϵޣˮ
ȻֹˮȻֹˮ֣ô֤һɫ
ϣһɵĹâԭӿֹˮˮڿҪӽֹˮʱͻȻͣסˣȻ󵹾ȥֱӳ˷Ӫ
ɫһ䣬ʱ󲿷ѧԱΪһӡͷˮһ壬ͶҪɶ
˵ǣʮϵʿһֱûжڴʱͬʱߺȣʮͬʱһǽӵӿֵסӿĺˮȻϵıײ飬ȴǵֵסһˮ
ֹˮ
һ˫һ£ԭܼڵȫ˻һѾɱ޳ģͷƷֹˮ
ֹˮ췢һ˻ȫ¿ʼðɫĻ𻨣ƾǰͺ̵ײȴ˿ĳŷӪس˹
ʱƴʱ䣬ƴ
׼ֵʱ򣬳һʼһԼķ֮⣬һֱµĿ˵˳
ȫʼðͻ͵Ľ⣬ȻΪ˳ֹˮ˹ȥ
ΪͷֹˮѾУԸõķǾϵԿ
˵пһ㣬ȴ֪ͨԼķʽѣ
ײֹˮһ˲䣬˵л˴ԼȫѧΪһ
Ҷţ޺м䡣
ȻֻǸƷϵʿһȴͻֹˮĻףصĴֹˮü֮䣡
еʹֹˮٶȷһ˻˻У˵ڵһı˻ڿоͲϵѪһ·ĿľѪ
أ䵽ϣ˭óһ˵˵ķǳأ
֮ϵķŭĿԲһִһɵĽɫâӹһӡг˳ޱߺƵֱסֹˮ
ףһ
ֹˮߵı̻̫ѩһڻţڻģ
Ӫ˾޴ĻͷƷޣô̵ʱ֮ڣǸɵˣ
òԶԶŵļ˷ҲɳһڳЦ


67 ǵһ
ֹˮ򵹵صʱε޳ȫˣӪʿǿʼ׷׵ǰܹѰҵ޲ȫΨһЩ̫õľǣΪķ̫ܼ̫飬Ʒµ޶иˣҵõĲȷʵ࣬ҲƷƷҵ˲ٺõĲϡ
ս֮󣬷Ӫʼسǽڣһ񣬾ˡ
˵һʼѧԱǻüȻ࣬ôȫԶһĻôڣѧԱǲ֪ˣʱûˣϵѹȴޱȾ޴ģٴһ˵ͻһЩ⡣
ѧԱæµŲϣϢţȻʱɵľѹûô󣬿ǷȴҲоˡ
˷ӿն˿ŲϵѧԱǣȻЦ
ò㲼µͨɱ޵Чͦãǡô϶ûˣ˷ѰҪ֪޵ĳǲǽҶĸأһܴԭǻȡֲǿء
ͳ죬һҲ֪
˵£Ҳûнм˷ΪѧֱӽĹְҲˣӪʵҲְֻ취ܹ޳ʱƷƷ޵Ĳǻܹģڼֵ棬޵ĲϼֵҪһЩ
˷Ц˵û˵ˣҲµĽʿҪҸ𡭡˵ǣûķ޳ﵽĻ
ż˷뿪ıӰЦǣûУĻַҲΪǵʵȻֻҪǼȥ˺һӪͬʵãôҲøõķȥ޳Ĳ˵ķܶŪöϣǺö
ѧԱͬʱЦʱǵҲѾˣɱͲϼ㣬һ죬ѾõҵĻ֣ƽÿֵܹһٷ֣޳ÿʱһҲ˶٣ֻҪֶܹʮ죬ôÿѧԱĻֶٴﵽǧ˰ٷ֣ķѾܹŽǰ˰ķˣ
Ҳ˵ʲôĻӪѧԱʸ뽹Դ
Щ󲿷ֶڽԴεѧԱ˵ܼ뷽壬ʵĻž޴ĺô
ǵʿʼʱڣûһиģڴϢƷϵһѵٷ໥
ͳսӦٻʦٻܣսʿһͬ޲ʿԶٻͨĨɱֵʱ䣬ʦơӳ֣𱣻ٻʦʦְҵҲеְҵڡ
Ȼòְҵһ£ûġ
ʱ䣬ʼһһĹȥӪѧԱҲϰÿȥɱʱȻѵʮ˸ʱͬҲϰ˿еѪζϰޱɱЩޡ
ﰲžӰأͬҲѵʿͼڣҵд裬ֻĵطܹ㹻ǿսʿ
սҲĴÿᰲʮʮʿȣԱǰһÿεһľӣͣĵͣĴľӡ
ľӻʲôãԸʲô˵ģȴû˻֪
ڶʮ쵽ӪһĲɱ֮Ƿ˾޴Ļ
ʮǻ˽ӽһʮĻ֣ƽÿ˶ֵܹӽǧֵĻ֣Ļ֣ƽʱܹõĻ֣˵ҲҪһ
˵֮ǰֻΪһŵɵĻôʱǾѾԸڷָ֮£ȥȡһУ
ɵƯ˷Ѿ֪ڼζԷ˵ĻˣԺѧԱǼûսϻûֵģϾôͳķʽһӪҪһƷʿʮƷʿƷʿΪֵܹס޳ĳԺأڷû֮ǰԺ۷㣬ҲƷΪĴڣԺľҲôһӪ
Сҵ£ɣҲǶϼʮʱܹģȻԺܹģǲ˶ʱ䣿ѧԺãܹԴԴϵ˲ųмҲܹͳ죬Ӫǻеʱ䡣
ƺǿ˷˼˷ķļȻ˵
˼ЦЦ֮ǰȷʵЩˣѧԺѧԱˣﵽңڵѧԱֻ࣬ЩϵʦԺƾʲôܹųӵжһʵ
ǿģѪµĶԹֻкôȴûҰĵĴڣܹȨల°
ѧҪ뿪ˡ¸¼Լ˷ʩһ
˷ͷȻת˼㣺ӣҪúŬҿһҲջСɣҪͻƣѾͻˣټͻҲȣúõĴûӦһ׶εĸܣкôġ
ͷ˷˵ģеĸĸȻÿ˶вͬĿܹ˽⵽˵ľ飬ҲһӲܹӡ֤ԼĻᡣ
⼧㣬ӪʿŶ˷Դ˵Ҳ⡣
Ϣһʱ֮ڷ£ӪѧԱվһţȻͨ󣬻صѧԺԺ
һ죬ԺѧԱ˵جһġ
ǻصԺ缸ʱķӪʱ򣬻ＥЦϲһҲûʲôãô࣬Ļ˰ɣ
ȵԺѧԱһֵĻųʱ˶ŵԼ°ͣ
ˣռǰٵ˰֮λãΨһĲǣƷߵŵøһЩƷ͵ŵõһЩϾгʼֵĲ𡭡
ǧ֣ǳҩ˰ĿɿڴĿŷǣͬʱһ
Цͦ˼ģнЦ߯⡣
㿴Ż֣ɫҲһ粻һνǱ֮ǰøŬȻĻҲֻǱϸٷ֣ǧٷֵĻȻѾ㹻ĴȻڵĻѾǧֻ֣ҪսʮƷѧԱܹĻˡ
һ죬Ժ˵ٴجΰһ졣
̨ϣֻʱͻʮƷΪѧԱԾǧٷֳԽ˺һٷ֣ٴγΪ˻ֵһ
Ӫʿȫ׶ĶˣڱĵطֱŪԺȴĶ
ĺɽȻʧЦڽһһ죬ʱһƷʿʱĺɽ˾ЩͷˡõطռˣȴһûУǲе㱩
ֻĺɽǸǳصˣĻܳ嵽һôǸλþһǷģû塣
ȴ룬ôԪϴˢ֮£һӡҲǱԽļͣǸռԴԴϵԪӿ֮һᷢʲô仯ģֻǿյԪѡ
һܹҵͻƵķʽġмᶨ롣
ӪʿҲʼģĵصǰǰ˺ܶ࣬ٶȣҲø졣
ʱ䣬һһĹȥˡ


68 뿪
ɽ޼ӣ֪ꡣ
ʿ˵ʱ䣬û̫壬ĿУʱôɿˡ
һʱ䣬ȥˡ
Ϊʿ߱ƣӪѾԺԼֺŵ֯Ѿ¢˽ԴڵٸλãǵΪԽԽǿܹõĻ֣ҲԽԽࡣ
ڿʼȥɭһ֮󣬾мƷϵѧԱɹͻƵƷһĽ죬ӪʵѾһԾʾ˵ļϣʵѾȾƷѧԱȻûмôɫн˵СһԭѾŶƷʵʿһѾƷңڵķӪҪùһӡҲܹܺõĵֵס޳ñǰĻ֣
ȻһƷͣһƷûκεĴ
һ㣬˶֣һڽԴõصʮΣյԪԶһƷʿˣȻûͻƣҲ˾ò˼顣
ĺɽҲ˽˱ԹϾһֱûܹͻƣȴܹһֱռŵһλòҲú
ֻ֮ǰûͻƣȻڶ̶ʱͻСǰƣĺɽҲġ
ڣûĵģƺ˷Լ
һɲ䰵ɫգڵϣ۾գ˼
ֻʱ䣬ѾͻƵƷȾԺһλõļ㣬ڷߡ
һҵ
˵к͸һѾ˱ҵʱƷʿȫʸԺѧϰ㲻Ժ죬ڶκεطǵ֮ء
һԺ죬һͬԺģ̺ͼһѹƵĺ㣬ʵֻͻƵƷϣͻƷһ֮ңڱ˵ڶҲδܹ֤
˵ǵѡͬƽʿ׼һչԺҵʿ˵ԸҲǾصĶ
Ժһ꣬ѾﵽƷΪҪƸ׺ֳƷʵҵļ¼ƺû̫⡣
պͿ˵СһʹһͱսѣߣʣµĻǼнϤսѡ
нǵѧʿƷεΪ˱ҵʱпܴﵽƷΪҵǰ;ͬ
㡭ʲô˷һ䣬һദѾǷǳϤˣڿյȻƺûнһ㣬Ʈȴó˿̣ڷǳʲô
롭ǲӦ뿪Ժ
˵ᣬĶȴһըףĶ
Ϊʲôֱ壬ͷŷ𾪣ãȻ
Ժһ꣬ʮεһսȥԪ㶥һƷʿȫڻǸһƷʿһֱûнҪȥطһ£ѰͻƵ
ʮ£ʮպԪȻȴܸоԼڵǸռ䣬û̫ı仯ȻôԪӿȥռﶼޱŨԪȻǸˮˮ򣬷һƷ硭һƷ硣
һʱ䣬ƺֻ֤һ£ǾʽԷû̫ôյԪֻܹһεһһƷʿȫչ
˵ۻܻγʱĻôڷ۵Ѿһֲܿĳ̶ȣ޷γʱ䣬˵뷨ȷ
ԺʵѾˣԼӽƷսһƷ۸ѧԱǣȻк治ʲô塣
һΪ˸õԼûʲôĻôбҪ֮ǰ֪ҲˣڼȻѾ֪ˣαص˵·
һѧԺ٣꣬Ǳҵʱ䣬ʱһġ΢΢Ц
㴹ͷٲһĺڷɢסա
ܸһȥ𣿡һ䡣
ѡʱ뿪ΪӪѾƷʿƷʿûйһӡİæҲܹ޳õ֮ǰһĻ֡ҪһߣôӪɢˡĻش𣺡Ͻʲô֣Ҳ⣬ЩѧԱôãҲڽʱҲ޷άڵ״̬
ҲĬˣԸ÷ӪɢͬҲԸ⡣
ȷ𣿡ʡ
ȷˡЦҪڲͻƵڣҾͲˡ
̲סһЦȴȦ
ųʱ򣬳жǼУиֻƣ䵭Ĺܹڵ棬޾ͿޣԶΪŮӣһ˿ůĸо
ҾͲȥ˵ˡҵøԺ˴롣
վҡҡλεԴȥҲû˵ʲôֻ۾ĶڷıϣƺҪӰǵøӵ
꣬ҵ󣬿ҸӵĳɫţֻҪܹҵͻƵôͱضһɳ죬Ҳûܹ赲ʱһŬģҿɲĺȣ
ճյĿŷıӰԺתŵģͷ
ҡҡλε˷֮󣬿еĺɽ۾̾ϢһռԺһһļһڻֻһƷֻǿķԺԺԿ
£
ڿйʩһȻԺˣ١
ĺɽ˲Ŀŷ٣ԺûĸѧԱԼ٣Ͼÿжʮɻʱ䣬ʲôУҲòֱ֣ӳǶʮȥԼҲò֣˭û»ôһ˳
ĺɽ˲񣬷ҲʵʵĽ˵ȥҪꡣ
ϵļ㣬Ŀڷ˵ôһ֮һֱеĺɽһᣬûӿе
̲סһЦԺܹĺɽʧ̬治һ׵顭
ŷĽ˵ĺɽ˵ı𽥵ƽȻģĵ˵ͷ˵û£ҲһͻƵѡԹɴ½һֱǴϻ֮ˣһƽط׿ԽһҲǲϡģȥɣڣбԺһе
ٶȹʩһת׼뿪ȴֽת˻ĺɽ˼˼۾Ժˣһ뿪ҲǸԺһ⡭ҽнˮǲӦøҲһ£
Ҳû취Ȼ֮ǰƣӹ٣ѹעԼȶںͶҵʹͣһٶƷʯңȴǸռһ˽ȥûʣҲҪǮУȻʿԲʳȣͷ¶żҪô·ʯء
ĺɽһЦõĿ˷չأԺѧԱÿĿƷʯĲģѧԱǻ϶ʯˣû˭нġ
̾һȻӻͳһССĴ׸˷ʮƷʯˡ
ˣҲһƷʯءЦ
ǱԺ˽͸ġ߰ɣҿÿ¶ռŵһλã۰ĺɽ˰̾˵
ЦȻ꣬ҪΪء
һתǸԼĻȻٴζԼͷѾȫָƽͬ΢ЦŶԷͷ
һ̣̤˴壬Ժʧ
һᣬʱ򣬲ȻĴջ䡣


69 ħ
̤ϴʱ򣬷ûָ뿪ĵص㣬ϾǴȥµģʲôĿĵأѡͳȥ
ԺĴͬǣԺĴĿĵضǶĸյ֮Ӵ߳ʱͿһƬϤĵط
ɽǰ˿˵ĵطҲ֮ء
ڴһΧľɫ֮󣬷ȷˣȷʵ㷭ĵطǴΪǸصĽƣǰ
ڷȻ֪ˣǴֻһĻӣֻΪѰҵľ޵⣬ͨƽģһյءֺųյأ֮ߡ
ֺյضȥöˣȻὫֺյطϵһƷΪҪһ⴦յػ죬ƺЩѡ
ԵȥתһתϾԼĴѡĵطǲǻʲô֮أ
ʱ˽Ų
һڣȴԵоˣϱһľϲһ⼣߰ߵĸͷԵǣһԴΪƽߡ
ʿǶֱʿܹôʿƽҪԶԶĳʿɴ½Ԫ棬ǲƽҲǿ壬ɴֻ꣬ḻ޶ӡڸյУƽҲǰ֡
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ɽɽˮˮ
ٷḻƽҲиԷȻҲòôȻô˻ҪԼɽһڳԵġ
һһԷӹǿӲʣ겻ˣﲻ̣첽ӭȻסԷ򣺡˼ңںδҴ˿£һ̡
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һʿ֣̫õѡءƾԷץסԼļͷ΢Цŵ
Ҳʿ
ԷͻȻ˱仯һһܻСӣǵ𣿵ʱҵĶԹԵĸ³ȻСҪ
ԭ㰡Ǹӣʲôšޣƣ԰ɡЦʱң𣿡
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ףΪʲô㲻ֱӸɵأֵʡ
͸ɵҸҵְҵءֻɱˡ̫ᣬҴ϶Ҫʹһ٣ģҲɱ㡣ƺһ
ҲְҵأЦĿŹơ
ѾŭˡƵ۾
㵹ûŭңղĻһ֪𣿡΢ЦȻ̧̧°ͣͷ
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㲻ǿҵļ̧ͷһִʲôĵ
һҲȷʵȻ̧ͷͿһöâɵӡ£ͷš
侲ĵͷʣʲô
ҵı˸ǷֻҪһǶƷʿҲһ֮·ǡ
һһûУ٣Ԫʱ޿̵Ĵ֮£һӡѾ̥һı仯ÿһҪշڵԪҲ֮ǰ࣬㹻Ļʱ䣬һöƷʿǣҲûѡ
Ƹܵóһӡ̺Ŀֲѹֿ֮ĵѹûСޱȵľһǰʱ򣬷ֻڶڵΪȻսǿþˣǹҲԼĻδܹӮԼһ֮󣬷ȻѾǿز
ԹڨڨķſԼ֣ȻԹԵĴӻͳһ͵˷ǰ
ϴδ㣬ǿʹڲˡЦʼһеɰˡ
𣿡۾һæĽԼĻȻЩɵĴ˷һۣڡʲô磿
һһƷĵ
ܣôѹƲŵĺȻʵǿȴźĸ֪ȻҲŴѧԺԺΧ֮ѣо֮ǰǿӡɢѹѾƷʿɢѹˡ
е⡣ЦЦ
㻹ҵЩҲ˰ɣεĵ
û㡭Ҫ߾ͿߣȻĻ߶ûˡüͷ̧ͷߣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ôˣҲ̧ͷߣȻɫܿͱˣΪʼܵһļµơ
⡭Ȼħħôļһģ޷ŵĳŷ
¶һ˿ɬЦݣʵڹƳֵʱѾоһ˿ԼħʼɹǲҲħһӣڿǡ
Ҳ˵뿪Ժʱħ޾֪١˼֮⣬ֻĺɽ˵һʱ֪Ϣѵĺɽ˺ħйأ
뵽һ㣬;Щ䡪ڽԺ֮һ꣬뿪Ժʱ򣬾ǳʱѧԺѧԱİȫǳأÿѧԱȥʱ򶼻ӡΣյʱͻԶųźţѧԺֵʵ˲ܸϵѧԱǲѣҲѧԺ׷ɱö֮Ҳûκ˸ҶڳѧԺѧԱǳ֡
ڣ꣬ȻûѧԺӡǣ֤ħ֪˴βǳ񣬶ǳУ֪꣬ûѧԺӡǣŻ޼ɵĵһʱ͸ϹҪɵƻļƻСӣ
֣ˡƽͰ͵˵ȻҲǵ֮ǶħĿ־ġ
ڷɴ½ǵʿǶʿһ˵Ҳ׵ĸɵ㣬Ͼɴ½һйص磬ȷǣħأʿĽ𵤣ǵĲƷʿԪ񣬸ҪĶħޣʵû㣬ôɥǿԿ϶ġ
ƿɲһƷΪҲǧôӣôԸ
ʱ򣬷ȴҡҡͷ
ˡûע⵽ΧѾһӡסˣҲġǴƷӡǲпܽħй¶ȥȻֻһͨյأħй¶ȥҲѧԺͶĸַ֡
Ӳš
ƺһȻڿеĴ˸תͻ˷У
֮ͷǳɫȻҲ᲻ϵӹٷ׷ȻҲʲôʮﷸйءħķкԶľ룬ܹڶԷ֮ǰӵ
Ȼһ̣ԶĵطһƵײƱ׵ĵ
˵Ӳġôա
ûлͷ˵ǰһڱڵĺӰȻĳǰ


70 ħ޵
ܲһ⣿
Ʊ֮ǰҪǿ࣬Ѿﵽ˳ڶħޣ侲һ䡣
˷ʱ䣬ûġ
ħͬޱȵĴ̶
ûҪʱ䡭ֻ֪Ϊʲô֪Ҫ֪ԼҲ֪͵ʲôطʼ
ħ޷һͳЦһܡ
üͷΪʳʲôģЦӣƺʲôֶܹ̽鵽ԼĻһЩϾĺɽͽֿ̫˾þˡ
ΪʲôҪɱңһ䡣
㲻Ҫֻ谭ǵļƻһҪħ޷һЦѾƷûһ˿ģǹԹԵĹ׳ԼĽ𵤣ΪҵĲƷɡֻʤ̭ħԽ淽ʽЩѭ浸أظ֮ˣӦȫڤ磬ó
ħ췢һĺùƵɫʼò԰ȻҲǽޱȷḻȴ˼Ѫɱĵɱĺһ𣬶־
Ϊȴ΢΢һԼΪʲôûбħ޵ɱ㣿Ϊɭ֣Լսɱ¾Ĳпɱ֮ħ޵ʱ򣬲һʼ𶯣ս
һڲĵطʿѪԺɱƺͿԽˡǵĶ֣Ƿɴ½ϵң½ϵĵ˰
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ħѾҪˣϴηǸ˾޴Ĵ۲˺ķӡôһ˿ӣΣȴʵʵڵܵ˺
ͬЩһ֪ˣȻһһƷʿ˵壬ǿǾ޴ĳ裡
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˳ֵһ˲䣬ħо¶˷飬ƺҲûҪ汳ʲôģֱӾԼԪ
ǿƷԪأԺɨɽȴֱŴͣոؿħ޾˽ȥһƵſͣðһȻĴ˸ãѸٵķɻ˵ߡ
һƷħޣʹ˻ҷ𣬲һ˿ۼ
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֪ȴ֪˵ĻԺ˰ܸܲңħ޵ô£ҶħˣȴǶһ֪ˣҲҵ׹ɣ
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ǰҵѣ֮ǰʹγҾЦ
⻰Ͷһ룬ڻüȻ֪ӦôЦĸʩһȻ˵˺ЩĽѧԺĻ
ܴﵽˮ׼Ҳǲˡ
һ۾Ϳ˹ڵˮ׼ȷʵһܹﵽһƷҲǲ׵顣
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ǳ֣ĳЩıһܵġ˵


71 һϮ
֮ǰɴ½֮ϣһƬңʿǸΪսԴħ޴еңʱķɴ½һûйǿΪĵطƽž޴Ŀѡ
Ӣۡһ֮ǰһӢۣڶ̶̰֮ھͳΪ龳֣֮ûʿһɽ磬ͣԼϢֶͨӲͣԼɽʱ꣡
һ׷ߣ·ƣһ£ԼĹҡ쳯
ռ½룬½ʵǿĹң
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ƻһ£˴еĺҺǼңô鷳ļһħޣȻǡ
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ǿ϶򲻹ҳ˶ԸһƷʿ˵ģƷʿɣʡ
ǵģȻҲ˵ôأûܻ
Ƶ˵ͷȻֻһƷǶܡˮ׼ȴǷǳĸߣԸһ־Ͳȷʵǿʵ
Ǿֻˡȥ֮ߣôЦ
һ㶼ĵӡЩɵĿ˷һۣǲǻʲô֣
ûˡҡҡͷʵղҲûʲôֻ֣ҲµѧԺƾͼƵĶԸǸħޣҲɣ㲻˶Ҳġ
ǽ֮ƻˣ֮ıյأҲƷƷޣǶԸǰ˶ˡ
ǿԶ㡭Ҽǵ֮ǺǿģҲǺ֮йϵɡЦãⷽҲЩĵãúõĶһ£ǺƴǲŻлᡣ
ôʲô֪һЩĵ˵ðɣȷʵҵΪ֮ģһе棬ҼܹɢͬϢ޺֮ǲ໥ģֻҪͷųͬϢҾͲ֮ܵʲô˺
Ǿͽ̸ҰɡѧӦҲܿġЦ
ƾʲôҪ̸㣿㻹ҵĶأھһ˽֮ߣǰһȥƴͺˡüëȻ
㲻ġ
ΪʲôҲ᣿ƺһ
ΪұǿҪǲң֮ߣ룬ҲԸһɡµ˵һӡȴѾͷð˳Ϣ˹Ƶͷ
ϱǷ𣿡ƲѪݺݵĶԷ˵
̲̰νĻش
ðɡҪǲѧᣬͲܲˣεĵ
΢ЦܿģƾͰϢεķѸٵ˳һҰʿ֮õһĲԼϢĹ±Ӷôһ£ֻԷֻܺ̽ʵֶΣû̫ɱеļɣҲֻܵһٵë
̶һƪھȴǾޱȣȻҲڲһƷʵϵӹѧԺ׷ȻҲӲˣѧԺҲûҪϾɱԭ棬ԼϢҲ˷ǳõģǿҲҲǰ״
ڼܸ֮󣬷ĬԼԪȻĳɽ֮һ˾ƺɽУֻվɽԱߣ
Ȼѧô죡ƴʧɫ
ġĻش


72 ĵط
Էѧϰٶȣ쳣ԾҪ֪ϰ֮гɣ㻨ʱ䣬Ƿأһյʱ䶼ûҪҲ̫˰ɣ
ڷȴ̫Ȼˣڳŵǻܹ֮ģһз֮ȻޱȾ˵ҲһԪķţԷϵΪΪ׽ģģϵҲ׾ٵ飬һƷľȻʲôȴҲȹƵϰʱҪ߳ü磬ܹıҲȻ顣
߰ɣȥ֮ߣ
ƴŷ֮ߣڷ˵⴦յز̫ϤȴޱȵϤϾĴӪ֮
֮ȻֻǱֺյأҲǲٵģľһƷޣָĶУ󲿷ֶ߱ȥص㣬ϲ͵ϮʿԶԺܶʿ˵ﲢһõص㣬죬ҲǷǳİȫġ
һߴŷ֮ߣһ߸ţҲսˣһΪ㣬Խ棬޵ʵԽǿ㶼ǶƷޣƷˡԽ棬޵Խϡ٣ﲢ֮ߵţֵһţֱܹӽ㡭޶ǷϵģֻҪͷųϢǾͲṥǡ
˵ͷûǲʲôöҿûʲôõġ
㻹治ҵ˽ô㣡ƱĵĿŷ
˰ɣٵĶܴٵʲôͳԼĴȻӸ˹ƣʲô
С˰ɣԳƸ磿ƽӹӹĴʶ͸ȥһ£ȻŴͣϡƷʯ
ҲֹûʶܴٵģЩڳʿʿҺĴӵܣûʲôģӵǳȺӵĳԹƴôãöƷƷʯƷʯûô
Ѵ˻ȻҲҪʲô˽ﻹûкǣҲûãҿûá
һڼжҲûܹѰҵкǣϾ֮ǰкãҲһûãʹҲǷһ˿ϣ
УҲǵˣȥ֪ˡ˼˵
˳ŹƵĴӪȥʱɽµȴ˶ʱȴûǶ˽Щסˡ
òһģһʿ˫ָڱһһɽɽڵ֮ߣͬʱüͷ
֮ܵȥˡʿ
֮ǰǻ˵ǸСӣӦǺһȥˣ˹Ȼйϵҵʿ
мʿ˵ͷֻ֮Ǳֺŵյأ߲Ʒ˵ʵɨ⴦յضûʲô⣬ҿǿԽȥǡ˳
ɽ£˳Ȼ󹧹Ķһλϡ
ƼȷʵˣƷʿڻƼҾʸγϣһǿңҲҪгڵʿǡ
ʵĻ˳ҲἱûƽǰԺȥܶȴƻˣ˳ԷĳޣȻǿ֪
ǽ֮׷ɱǣ˳˰ɡмĴϳ
ҪӦλϡ˳һ£Ȼ
ûʲôýӦģ棬ҲûʲôãץסҪԱʲô߰ɣѧԺ֪ˡ
˳һҧλϿ˸ͷȻתɽȥ
Ƽҵĳͬʱ̧߽֮ߣǽ֮ߵͬʱ޵ͬʱģλϳֵķ
˳̧֣ɢ˽ʵϻƼҵ˽Ҳûˣ޷ϰٸڵʿѣƼȷʵǵ̫ˣζԻƼ˵ҲΨһĻᣬͨ˵ֻҪץסܹûƽʱڳΪڵʿ˳ͷһȡ
Ϊ뷨˳û˵뿪صѧԺ֮ȴ
ʱ򣬷͹ƣѾ˳֮ߵưﾭӪĴӪȻ·;Ϥ֮Լ֮⣬֪ܹٵ̤Щ޵ΧڣܹɵĴﵽ֮ߵ
ʱȴЩʧ
ڹƵ˽﷭˰죬ȷʵһȻǰķʽԪ͵ȥȴһ㷴ӦûУӵǸռȥҲͬһ㷴ӦûС
ŷʧɫҲеʧ
֮ǲز˶ã֮۷ʮͷƷޣżܹͻƵƷĴڣȴܿıٷĶʿɱƻӡƼҵĸֶƷʿѵ֮ɱøɸɾ¡
Ƶܹ֮ܿޣǾˣͷųϢǾǵͬ࣬Ȼᳯǳ֣ɵĳ޵ǰĻͷųͬϢҲƴֻû̫ǣʿϵóġ
޶֮ܿԼϢƷʿҵǵġ
ԭϣڷͻϣڿƺ޷÷ͻơ
ҪĶöһЩġ
ƿʼȰ˷ϾСЩ˽Ҳ΢ˡ
ȴЦҡҡͷ޷һЩƷĲϣԺʱ򣬷ƷĲ϶öˣÿԹȴûгκεܹԼͻƵļ
Ҫ𣿷ԼҪȫһƴܹƴһƷʿģһķֿĻƣҲлᡣ
Ҳ˵ͷΪһƵѪԻеģȻͶ·ôȥƴһ°ɣ
վ͹һͬ뿪ĴӪȥƴȴܿģסһ
ôˣʡ
ƵĴӪ֮ߵѰҵһѨڶѨڼһЩΣЩ޲ڴôˣһƬƺҲû޻
Ѩеְ
̧ͷһ£ͨĶѨɽԵ΢⻬ΪƱϾﾭӪ˺ܾˡ
Ҳе֣ܸûʲô磬ĵرܷ㣬Ҷޣϲ῿һƬѾѰˣûзʲô
˵ͷ˵Щǲĵط֮ߣȫǷϵޣΪʲôȴһ˿綼ܲ
һ£һֱûעһ㣬ϾشӪʱҲ̫࣬ϾΪһȫϢص㣬Ҳû̫ʱȥ۲죬ֻ֪ûвĶ㹻ˡ
ͣˮסѨƺ򵥰㷢ֵʱ򣬶Ѩ𣿡
Ƶͷﲢûнʲôı䣬ֻǽԼһ˽طѡ⻹Ǳһ֮ǰЯġ
﷢㶣ȴЩ˷ˣȻǸеĿռ䣬֮ߵ棬ô֮ߣضĵطͼпһĵطúѰҵĻ˵ܹҵԼͻƵ
ҲûУȥңôȷأ


73 
۾
⴦Ŀռ죬֮ǲӦóֵģһԷϵΪյضǷϵԪӯ֮أȥĻԪ߳˽ϵԪһ㣬ǱȻ顣
˵յһĵطǵǺ飬ľ飬Ȼ˴ȴǷ粨ȴоκεϵԪһ㣬ǳ֡
й֮ض⡣
Ǳ̬۾ʼԼʶһһѰ⴦ߡ
⴦ߺܰʶ͸ȥʱо̵ģķ֣÷ӵľ桪ϵԪӦģģ⴦龰ζ⴦ߣȫ֮ߵķϵԪӰ죬һƬСУȫѹס˷ϵԪ
ôһУصǶôȻֻ߽֮ǱֺŵյأܹôﷱյصķϵԪǷǳӯģƬյڶԿģ֮ߵķϵԪȴѹס֮ߵķϵԪ⴦ߣ˲΢粻
Դںδ
ʶϸߣȻʼ˵棬ϵ롣
߶ûзϵԪĴڣ뿪ܹ֮о֮ŨķϵԪô⴦ߵԴȪпܾм䣬ͷǵ档
ѡԭܼ򵥡ʶ롭
ʶصһҵĵطʱ򣬷ûоʲôȻȴ֣ԼʶصףʼԽˡ
÷ǳĳԾҪ֪ʶӰʶصԶĵط˵Ǽʮɣ׾ٵ飬ȴֻǽһңͿʼԵޱȵˣ
аķʼרעĽԼʶͶصףԽ£ܵѹԽĴѹʶʼоһЩϢ
ԼʶǱʶܹ۲쵽ģΧһƬڣǱҵĵطʱһʵĻƹ⣬ӵصһһ͸˳
ϲٿԼʶŻƹǱ˹ȥȻǣŻƹҲ⴦֮Եɡ
ڷʶҪǿмƹʱһɺȻĴײ˹÷ʶܵشܵʶѸٵĻصķڣʶķ͵۾Ȼ³һѪ
ôˣƴʧɫʱͷ໥ֵģͷˣԸƷʿĻҲʧȥˡ
û¡ҡҡͷ¶ϲĹâһָһӡͷȻŷĽ֣ʼΧŶĵ棬ʼھ
ж
һھһ߶ԹƵп⴦߻˷粻Եɡ
зų˹âΪһһпֵܳıﶼŨȤڴһмƺһ˲õıﰡ
һһ룬ôƽŵĿűھŵĶߣȻԷ
ǺǣⶫδõϡЦ
òϣҲȥıﰡɲ̰ܶƲ˵
ЦǼӿھĶֻԶĵطȻʶԵúѣھٶȴǷǳĿ졣
ȵھĶڱԽԽʱ򣬵Ļƹ⣬Ҳǿʼӵصһһð˳
ǡƳԾĺȻֻһСʿʶǷǳĹ㲩ǰģһŰʻƹ֮µģûһʵ塭
ǡЩԥ
һ¡Ѿ֮ŻɫΧɾˣ·ɾĻû䣬ԭأû˿Ĳ
˴ӣȻ˫׼ŻһȥŷſĻȴޱȳأһƷȥסȴûƶһһ
бԴƳԾʡ
жԼıԴִ֮˵еıԴ֮Ƭɴ½Ĺؼľˮй̶ķԴвƹʱ÷ɴ½Ĵʿ
ȻǣбԴĻߣҪ´ҡҡҡͷϵıԴôܲôСһš
һ£ֻȥ룬ȴû뵽бԴĻҲ׵κ˷ְɡ
ǡ۾Żƹ⣬¶йߵЦݣΪ⴦߲Ż˿ܷϵԪӰ죡
öȻòϣȥĻЩʿԼȫһİɣƿǰϲ
ҷһ룬óȥ𣿡ȴ⣺ٵģƷʿҵǳ飬ʱҲֻһѡƼҾҪϵԪģ˵Ŷ
ġȺ쵰ҺƴˣҾҲҪмһȥ
ƷһĵҲ֪ԼֻǷݶѣԷƷʿֻһˣҲһƷʿܹԸġ
ԸøңҲܹδѡЦˣڿʱԺƺͻأĳһ㶫֪ˣİжôĴ
㡭ʲôãǿ㣬ԸһƷʿѾǶ˰ɣˣоҲҪʱղܹǿʵġЩ޾ɵ˵
ͻأЦ
ͻƣ۾Ȼ֪ζʲôһƷķܺһƷʿƽ֣ͻƵƷƷʿ¾Ҫ˰ɣ
ҹҲɵӣȻ⴦ĴӪôҲûзֶбأҪֱߣҲûʲô취ô˵ǸôĻᡣ
ǽҪҡܻ뿪Ļ˵һ䡣
û⣬ǸɵһϵʯʲôģȫģһĲȡʹĻش
Ƶ˵ͷƷʿȻķ䷽ҲǺܹƽġ
ȻӦ˷ķ䷽ʽҲ˵棬˷
һǸӣţԼ˫֣ŻɵĹ֮ϡ
ԭƺ̵ԶᶯĹţ˫ִʱ򣬿ʼ˷תţŨݲκζĻɫԪ˫ֽӴ֮ӿ壡
һȫ±˿ڣڳӯԪɻɫԪһƣͱҵĴȫ±˳ȥ
ɻɫԪޱȰԵ·еԪͷֱӳ˷Ľ֮£Ǵռ֮ڣ
ֵǣԪڵʱǸռ䲢ûյڵһԪ½ԪĿռ䣬Ǻ޷ӦģƾԪеԪֱӳ˿ռ֮ڡ
ԶԶģѰ֮ߣһ·ɱ޵ƼƷ֣Լ˷ʹĺ
ͬʱɫһȻͬʱƮƮĳԴ֮˹ȥ
һ·ޱȰԵֱɱԴĵطȻҲǴ޵֮ڣ޵˻֮£˼ֻ־ɱ˹ޣ˵ĳ˹Ƶϳ


74 Ʒ۷ϣ
ƴ˿̵ǳļ尾
һǿŷһĻðѪȻһŶԽԽ޲ҽСԵǣʿѾǵĲ֮һ·ɱһ·϶޵ĴڣϧƷǶƷޣҪֵƷʿʵ̫һ㡭
ֲҴߴٷգۿѾСһ룬ҽȴѾƺ˶ڣҧҧȻת뿪˶ߡ
ҪȥΪȡᡪһܵ
ʱ򣬻ƼҵȴһЩ鷳Խ֮ߵ޵ʵԽǿյصص㣬ǿҪӽϳʱͷƷޡ
£ϻѪ죬ɱӯҲΪԼĵ̱룬ޱȱ
ȻƷʿҪԸͷƷ޲̫ѣȴҲҪ˷һЩʱ䣬ƶһɽ֮ɱ÷սţ΢һ
ƺ֧һɡ
ʱ򣬷ͷѾȫʧ٣ȻʱûԼ۾
ȫǸռ֮ͻƣĿʼ
ʶûΪСˣǸռ䡣
ӳģǸˮ򣬺ļֻ˿ִ̣ĻɫԪˮȻ󲻶ϵͶ뵽Ǹˮ֮С
ˮ𲽵󣬶Ԫصĵص㣬ˮʼ𽥵ȥһһģ¶½أ
ʶʼ𽥵׳ڿУˮı仯
ԪͶöĵطʼ¶ˮ棬Ͷٵĵطˮ֮£ڷʶˮ֮£Ҳޱƽ̹ĺףǿʼ½ء
ԪȫʧʱˮһȦе½Ѿðˮ棬󲿷ֵ½أˮ֮¡
һ֮󣬷ʼܵռ֮ڣðһɺ֮ǰȫͬ
̫޴ȴѸٵĹס˷ʶȻʶƮƮķɳ⴦ռ䣬Źŷʶֱ˷Ľ𵤣
ڷڵĽ𵤣ֻһãǾڷսԪ֮󣬽𵤻ԶЩԪȻԪתΪصڣ÷ڵԪɱ֮ǰǿ׶ΣһƷ磬Ҳνķ
Ȼŷʶ𵤰֮󣬷Ľ𵤣ĿĹʣŽŷԪһͬ˽ȥ
ǷԪ񣬻ڵıһӡҲͬı˽ȥȻĽ𵤿ʼɢ޴ͣŷʶı
ڳֱ仯ʱ򣬹ӲͷƤɽ֮ת˳
ԵģǸոѾɱͷƷޣɢƱøĻƼϡ
Ͻִһ޵ദ˻ͷӴ޺ˤ˵ϣΪһ·ɱǵɱ⣬ޱĳ˹ơ
ƻΪ磬ɵĶ˴ϵɱϮ
һƷСһе㱾¡
ЦȻƸղһ㣬΢ĸеľ棬Ҳֻ΢ľѣƺ֮ĲԶ
Һ֣ǳҪ֪ҵĲ㡣һ
ϻҼȻҳ϶ҵɡǻŹңҪŹңͲɽ¶ҳˣһȻֱۣҪ֪شĹ򡭡ħ󷨣
һͬʱһҪеˣǳħսУħϰߵľħ󷨣аԱԽսаħսУǶǳͷۡ
һʱ򣬹ȴתܡ
ͬʱӦˡСôܻĽ֮˵ˣħ󷨣޷ܹԽսǿǱȹҪ߳磬ᣬҲ˲ǵƤë
ƻС
ͬʱȻŭչγŹ׷ȥ˴ȻǹƵϳȻһ׼ûУһ˹ôʱ䲼µء
ȻԹһƷ֮ǰڵΪܹµĻҲɱ̫ȴҲϴһЩ鷳һֱת˺üյʱ䣬ƲŸճ˴һӡѪˤ˵ϡ
ϼǰ־ͳŹȥɲʹʲô⣬ȸɵ˵
ڹ¶ɫʱǰͻȻӰһֲµķǷɵĳǰһһºصǽ֮䣬Ȼǽһɢһ˲ĸţȴѾŹԶԶӿ
ˡͻûУѪ
ͽҰɡЦƷڵϣȻӭ˻Ƽҵϡ
СڲϺ
ȵȣһ£ΪʲôҪɱңûȷʵ赲˻ƽǰԺĻᣬǷ𣿻Ƽȫɱңɱңʲôôʵ
ȻкôϵĵֻԵɣǲܸ㡭Ҳɱ㣬ֻҪѣܻ֪ԭġ
𡭡ϧǣҲᱻµġЦ
£ɱҲлɣЦ
˵ģɲɱ˵ô䣬ѵǾûз֣ͷѾ˺ܾ𣿡Ц
ͬʱ̧ͷȻǾͿڿеģ̫ͬһɢѤâĹһӡ
Ʒʿľ磬УʿʶͷԼĽڵõĥÿһĥʿʶͱøӵļ̣ɱҲǸӵľ޴󣬻ϣǾʶͷһӡ˲͵õļǿ
Ʒ۷ϵķȫﵽƷˮ׼ĹһӡǸռˮʼ𽥳½صʱĪ˲Ϊ˶Ʒ۷ϵʿ
ԵģƷεʿ
ϲһʱɢ̫һâĹһӡһޱȴִĹ⻪ֱӾϣ
һǶϵΪʿͬʱһ໥ƷʿҲ׵Ĺ˵ķ
ڸղţƷƴ֮µûǵķɶȻһ֮£ɵǿȦȴͬյѩأ𽥵ڻ
ֵסȻֵס
ͬʱĿԼ߶ǽǿҵĴ֮£һһıƿȻڲԼԪֲŷȻֲٶȣȴԶ类ٶȣ
Ц˫˾ĶԿһµĻδӮϾողͻƵƷ۷壬ڷϻϤʹָѾƷ׶ͣϰʿһأȻȴѡ޴ķʽǾ˺ĽҲǾķҪԶԶĳķȻȴ֪ǣƴǷǿһ
ŭһϵϵĴӹһӡӿϵĳڵ뵽һӡУùһӡԶתΪϵ֣ǿķѹ֮£Ƽҵĳϣֻܿĵֵŷĳ
ȥУ
ԺͬʱͷǴ˿ѾеԪԴԴϵ뵽ǰǽȥȻǽȴǲϵıƿȵǽȫ޷γɷʱǾҲûκεˡ


75 ˷
Ƽҵĳϣһͬͨ໥֮Ѿ˴˶Է⡣
ܹԴԴϵķͻ˵ô˴ҲûʲôˣܹʱֵһµĻ
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˶ţ˳ҲѸٵ뿪֮ߡ


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ͨк֮ʱûлʲôʾ뿪Ժ֮ʾˣҵҳɹڴ˿̣ԺгֵϢֻж̶̵һ仰
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ʵϣڷɴ½ʮУʮΪ͵ޣƽɽͷʿ֮͵ĸصġ
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ҡһΪֻͨһƷޣȻôᱻҵȻͨϬҲһ㶼ˣŵòᡣ
ԭλôУΪȫ˽԰


78 ռջ
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СӵǺܻῴͷץǵʱǲûץѪԹŵ
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ͷͨϬڳŷ巢ϲõĽǷ֪ԼϲûʲôöڣƺһȽĿռ䡭
ЩѣӦδͷͨϬҡжעĿȻĻȻǶƷľ磬ŽƷսȴҲԶԶûе޵еĵزкܶˣܹɵĻ
ƷƷʿܹھͶ֮ȻͷͨϬ
ڣͨϬķӦ뵽һܡ
һ̣ͷſԼϢ
һɵѹɢ˳ͷͬʱ˿˺üǾ;ֵĿڷͷһԭ΢ɲĺڵ㣬չһ󶴡
ͷһƬ½ء
ǷڵǸռ䡪Դ֮ǸռͿʼһЩʣͬʱΪյκӿ뵽ռȥռŵŨϾڽԴʮӣƬһԪ
ŨԪͨϬĹؼ
ССηʼеĳźڶȻĿȥޱȵĺڰչֳҲֻһƬ½ضȫòȻԪȴͨϬޱȵ
ЩĿͨϬһۣʿûзڻһԪӯĿռ䣬Ȼͷȴˡĳ̶ֳ˵ȷʵʿӵ񰡡
ͷĿɿڴĿͻȻֵռ䣬ҲǾḻˣȴû˵顣
ʱ򣬷֣ͷСŵ˿ռڴССηһϲõļУͬʱӷȻֱӾǸռ䣬ԼССƬڰ֮С
ţƬռսԼڣȻתͷĿɿڴķһ
ܵĳȷʵ̫ˡ
ղǵʲôͰ͵ʡ
šһκżȻĻᣬҵõĳУռ䣬ǸиµŲҴûռŻڿͨϬϲǸռ䡣
˼ĵ̯̯֣˵ģҲ֪Ӧôͣռһһ㶼Ϥֻ֪кˮ½أȴȱĶǴϰ죬һʱιʳġ
ͷŵ˵ͷɴ½ޱߣ˭֪᲻ĵطο˵ˣҲûʲôʶĴٶѡ
ڼȻƵĽͷͨϬźˣͷҲģǶǿŷģ֪ʲôҲỳɷͷͨϬǱӡ˵ˣˣҲûʲô취
£ͷʼŷȥƴƣҲû˵ʲôֱӾͺһӵĸƴ˾ƣһֱȺһһĸſ¡
ҹˣǶѾϢȴҪϢص֮ǰסé棬ʼ
éݣû̫ĸ飬ϾǰǸ¶ڵķװһꡣ
Ҵ˰ҹȻ֮ǰ뿪Ҵկӣȴһ֮С
կľλȻ뿪ˣȴе㲻ģȻҲ֪ҴżõľȻͨϬޣҲΪͨޣҲҪ֮Լռݵɽͷԣһ㣬Ȼˣɲġ
һڵʿڷҴ̫ͣʱ䣬ͨҲῴǿԵǼһ뿪֮ȥһ·Ҵ塣
ƶҸִ󵱼ҵ顣
ִ󵱼Ҳ鲻뿪Ҵʮ֮Ǿפȷ뿪֮ȥ̽һ·Ҵ塪ǲǰȥ׼ɾŸҹǱ룬ȺƻĴٶвǡ
ڵϣǾܵϮ
ʮһӰկפչɱ̶ʱгɱѹִ󵱼ҺһӰһУȴɳȥѪֹеִ󵱼Ҵһʹİ˸Ǳ˷Ҵ塣
ԲֻӵǸظֵķҴ壬ܹǴһ˿ȫС
ɢӣʮӰû׷ɱǣͣڴɨɾսûһ˿ۼ֮󣬲֮ʩʩȻ˷Ҵ塣
ǼһȥҴ屨ţ᲻÷СܣһӰΪ׵ĺӰ
ӣֻڷҴ壬СӲӲϾǿļ磡ɱôҪһźšǲɱ˵ģ


79 һ
ͻϮǣ
ǰһѪۣޱǱĵңɫʼ
ִ󵱼һߵĿŷȻѾǣΪʲôҹȥ͵ϮǣկôֵܵѪɲܰ
ҹһսִ󵱼Ҳ֪Լµ˶٣ǹǾŸңڶԷͻϮĸֻʣһͬܵ˷Ҵ壬Ҳɢɢɢ
ȵ֮󣬲ļһϼƣִ󵱼ʵ̲÷ǱϷߣȴĸԱߣ׼ҹɱ⡭
ûаȥԸǡҲûİ֣ʵλؼңֻһ˶ѡ
ҡҡͷҪֻ֪ѧԺһͨѧԱҲʲôӵܣôô
˵ͬʱһ£Ƿ֣ҲûҪϣȻ˵ɱôҲΥ˶ɷȻֻҪ֣ɾܸɵǼͲҪ硣
ʲôڶԸǡǿɲʲô޶ӣկôӣĸ˵կĺûֻʳֲִ󵱼ޱȱߵ쳤Х
ԵĿִ󵱼ҡǵԼǰԩֲǹٸ
ߵĺǼ䣬ִ󵱼ҾʹʣµĸһѧԺѧԱѧԺҶ֮һҪΪ
ϮǵģʲôĶ֣üͷȰִ󵱼Ȼһ䡣
ִ󵱼һ£һͱ˳ȥǼֺðסԷĻôִ󵱼ͽˡ
Ҳ֪ҹġԷӦò࣬ȻûӳһǸ֣жߡҿִ󵱼Ҳ
ҲһƷĺ֣ԸͨʿǹˣֻҪƷĸ֣ǰǸߵĸ֡
ȷʵࡣһ̧ͷҵʱۣҲˣٶǴڵĸ֣ǵֵǵɱ֮¼ûл֮
ֹ㿴Ҳĸһҷ
Ҳ˵Էȷʵ࣬Ǵڵĸ֡ǾˣΪʲôӳأҿǡңҹ͵Ϯһ˲˵ܰȫɵΪ׵⼸ǾӲģûǼңආ뺰ԩҲҲʲô·Ӧ顣
ͬʱһ㶣ǲòϷĻǶԵģԷȻ࣬ҲûֱӰȫɱɾҪɵ⼸Ϊ׵ĵңȷʵҲ̫ѵ顣
˼˵ҪߵģĿĺڣִ󵱼ɻʡ
ͷȻվʼ˼ԷΪȷʵЩ֣һ飬һĽ͡
ɱⲻǶ˻ɵ飬Ҫ֪ҪֶԸǣ޷Ҳ¼ͷĿȻǲɢɵصĹٸֱǲɢׯȥҲʲôӣϾɽʲôģɱʲôޡ
Ȼ˺ݣִ󵱼ҿģгʮӰϣ֤ǧ˵ӣɵɱˣ͸¶ϢȺ˲ɱˡ
ɱˣûиϾɱڸĸоǣִ󵱼⼸ңƺǶԷųһ㡭
ǹǷųôĿʲô
һʱ뵽ľǣԷǷǳģ
⵹Ƿ̫Դ󣬶ҪǵģԼİȫ
ǳôĿʲô
ִɱζŶԷɱˣ͸¶ϢǲɱҲɱ񡭡
֪Լܵúܿ죬Ͼϵ棬ϵʿٶģԼǾϵȫܣƳ˵ڵĺ֣ǳڵĸ֣Ҳδܹ׵׷Ҵɭֲ̫ԶԷٶȣֻҪǱסֻҪ嵽ǽûܹԸˡм˷ﵥƷ֣һ֧սֲĴֻҪôİȫܹõ֤
뵽Եúˡ
вϵǡӦǳģ֣֮Բ𡣡
ҺͷԾĿŷ֪Ϊλ˵
šڵ˲٣вٵ׷ɱңܵúܿ죬һ˵ǺѰҶ½סҪҲܣôҪжס
סĶǣȻʡ
ͷȷ˵
ǺȻ뷨ǷҴģȻǹ¶ǷҴÿˣ޷ġڵķԭǸһ㣬Ҳκεĸı䡣
ȻǾҵֵǵŻ𣿡ִ󵱼ұߵĵڣ
ǲӦϵһ¿أʷ
ġҪɸҲһʱ䣬ǵȥŵĻ;ͻᱻɱɣյĻش
öֻ࣬ҪʮڵʿܹȫסҴκԮ·ߡ
˵ͷյĿңֻҪҺԿһӦòǵ鷳
˵˷ʱȴһࣺȻǸҹȻϮɱѧԺԺѧԱôͲϢ֪֮ǰŹկˣΪկ˲֪࣬ڣҴǧ߰ٶˣǾԲŹģ
ʲôûܹ뿪𣿡ִ󵱼վ˵
ءִ󵱼һۡ
ִ󵱼ǾɥȻ͵һ´ȣҸղֻǿЦ峤կǷҴ֣ͬԿЩ֣ΪȥֵǱ𣡡
ִ󵱼ңڶһϵˣΪǲ룿ĻͲ˵ˣ˷˼ҲһһƷʿĶ֣ҪҲֻзܹˡ
Ҳ֪ǲǵĶ֡ޱȳϿҵĵֻǵ˿ǻڽֵʱǳҷģҪ֪Ҵôˣҵĸ
ǲģ߰ɣǰˣ˵ǷоȣûȣҲҪ֪ڷҴ壬ʲô顣ε
ˣһһֱھΣΪҵԭ޹ܺ㽫Ҵﵽ˾ƷʵҲΪζ޷ɽ硣
һɹҧЦҪǣҪκ顭øһ㣬һ㡣
ǣ۾һ
ǲǾоԵİգô޼ɵǰկֻ֣Ϊ֪ܵˣǻԷҴֶѡ
ӦôЩëˣƢͱȽϼ֪꣬ΪԼĴڲ÷Ϊѵʱ޲ʱͳ֣Ȼɴˡ
ĶԸͲȱ뺷ӣʵ϶ĴнӽһԱΪ뺷ܹΪʿĻôǿսʿ
Ҫøһ㣬ôͱһ㡣
ЦҴһܡ
һܣ
կĵǣͷҴ٣ͬʱһ㶡
ǵģһܡ϶ĵ˵ͷҲ֪ҵ뷨ܲܳɹܳɹĻһֺõʱҲܵ˵вһٴͻˣЩ鷳Ļ쵰һɱøɸɾ
һĻˣ뿪Ժһ׷ɱĻ˭ưոݣ


80 Ǩ
կĸλǻɻ󣬷ü۾ͨͷӣȴѾ³һЩʲô
ǷŽͨϬǸռ𣿡ʡ
ǵģȻͨϬܹȥôҲܽȥȻûκε⣬ɵȴǷǳĴֻҪܹһپ͹ˣҴȥǽͰȫˣؽ˷ﵥҶʶʱǣҲû̫⡣˵ͷ
ģկļȴͬʱһ
ͨͨϬ
ִ󵱼һĳԾͷҵǶޣͨϬ
һƽĿִ󵱼ң˵ͷȴںٺٵķЦǣǣ
ҵүΪʲôҪôǵ鷳ϰˣϢòϸôֵܣϰأִ󵱼תͷߵƶҡ
͵ϮСѾˡƶεĻش
ҶԲֵǰִ󵱼Һ
εҡҡͷկҲȷʵǹùģһʼ֪ҴõͨϬĻҲ磬ô޹ıǰɱ˸Ѫɺӡô˵أֻܹǵùɡ
үӣǵ鷳ټ񡭡ܲܰ˴ߣҲҪһԡ
˵ͷȻŷҴҵ˳ȥҪټеĴ񣬶˵ڵ÷ȥ˵ŶãҲֻߵĴٳܶʱ÷ҴĴǽ뿪ʵ
뿪֮󣬷ǿִ󵱼ңǾֻˡһ߰ɣʱ䣬ȰҲҪˣҸõطúɣְҵûʲôǰ;ġ
໥һִۣ󵱼ǵ˵ͷկȻʵУǶĺúӣôֵܱ޹ɱһ׵ķŹǣȻûʲôկǧ˻еģֻҪǱկȫʹ
ңһССѧԱҪô˸ʲôЦԷǵʡ
ҿó㲻ʲô֮㻹ʮɣӵ˴ڵʵȻʵڴӵﲻʲôƽӵȴҲǺܹˣȷʵʲôǰ;ְҵֺҲβŴֵֿڷԣǿĸֶ齨ԼկȻսǿȴҲԳΪ£ӣȵǻеġ
󵱼ֺһ˵һʼеɻ໥һ֮ǿʼϴʲô
կγһǧկĺֺ;ӢʧأկʵѾһʵ֮ҲоģկʵŻ˵ͻǰ̲կͬʱҲȷʵΪȥֵǱ𣬿ȴûڿ˳ͶҲһѡٴﵽ˴ڵķҲ˲õĸ֡
ѧԺѧԱƽѧԱл齨ԼСģӵԼƷܹ齨Լļ壬չĵطΪ¼һӣµļ壬ֵġ
ѪԵΪ׼齨ģм壬ʽ齨ģǰɣڶǲеģ˴ʵΪģֻ԰ɷʽ齨ģֻ齨ķʽڴϲЩ壬ҲƵǿʢɣĶɽ֮󣬾ҲûܹǿƱȥ
ڷߣδһõѡ
ЦЦÿɷĵУȸһڱ飬ұͲŹȺ˺ҴļһΪ˸Ǳ𡣡
仰һ˵̧뿪ã໥һۣϡ
ͷĶԱǸǵģô̶̵ʱ䣬ѾټȫĴ񣬲̵Ļڵ
ǿʼɧ֣֮ȷʵ˸еŭ
ȻҴĴҲǳı뺷Ѫյ׳ҪĵƴˣһѪ
λһԡ
ʱÿҴĴȺ鼤ܵӣҲǺܴȴĴÿĶС
ǿʼеһӣһ˶֮ͬǰկҲ÷ҴĴǸӵͬӷҴ߳ȥʿ
ͻˣڸҴ鷳Դĸ˵Բ𣡡
ٴĬȷʵúܰҪ˵鷳ǷҲֻĴȴǷ׷׵Ľ
鷳Ҵ˴鷳ûǰɣʮʱ򣬺ڴ˴ܣǲӰȥܵģ
ȺеһЦǰķСںڴ庢һʱ򾭳۸ǷҴĺǰȥܵġ
¶һ˿֮ɫ飬Ҳǵ˰
ĺЦܿڷʾ°
ţǷҴûث֣ûηǿȨˣȻа취ԱĻûҪҴ˵ѪмκһܵˣҶԸ⿴
һĬĻ֮ǰʵѾ˵ˣҲǷҴĴܹܵġ
û˰ɣûĻŷһߣȱܹηͷ˵
ǰͨˣǧ˵ǨȻǺ鷳ģɴ½ƽҲ彡׳ݣϰɽϴԵǶܿ죬ΪֻǶʱܿˣÿ˶ɵʳģ͵ŷǸռ䣬ǽ롣
Ҳûʲôףʵڽ֮ǰ֪Ǹռ仹ܹװˣֻͷͨϬܹǸռ棬ˣҲܹ롣
˵ע֮£һڵ㣬ڷͷ֣Żƶһյϣʼ΢΢Ĺâ͸˳
â͸ʱ򣬷һ㶡ԭǸռһƬģΪʲôھȻˣȻ߲ԣԷȻܹó֮
Ըȥ̽·
ڷҴĴǺ̽ͷ̽ԵĿǵ֮ŵʱ򣬴󵱼ֺĸ˳ȥ̽·
ȻҪڷߣô͵óһһ㣬ִ󵱼õͦġ
߳ʱ򣬷ҴĴҲһɧϾǰʱկûɱ˷ҴĴȴǰɧţ÷ҴĴʤ䷳ǸղŷկǰǵһٵĻƾ˻ֺǿˡ
ֺվ˳ȴҲ÷ҴĴǶһøС
ȥһδ֪ĵط̽·Ǽ¡
΢΢һЦֺһ롱ơ
ֺĸ£ӲͷƤȴ޷˵߽Ǹ˵ޱȵĿռ䡣
ֺ̤ռʱ򣬷ûиеκεڹһֺ֮һƵ˳ССηһҧһ߼
ͦõġܴһƬ½أ˵ǧˣ˶û⡭Ȼ󣬷ܹܹܲСһǽȥ׷ҧֲ֡
Цֽ̧ССηֺļȡȻ˵ͷȻûʲô⣬ǾͽȥɡӿٶȣҲ֪ͷʲôʱ
ǧһһ߽ȥҲûʱ䣬Ҵ˵Ҳֻҵľ棬ϷأҴĴ񣬿ʼ˳ĽǸռ䡣
һȥССηģȥԺСһҧˡУǸռԪȽŨǡҲһ£ٶҪ죬Ҳкôġ
˵ͷȻĿ˷һۣСġ


81 죿
ʮӰڷҴڵʱǲûпԤеķҴ񣬿ģֻһѾŭɵķ
һӡڷͷɢɹâ緽˿̵һ㣬ޱȵĻȡ
ǵҾ֪ǳġôĵӣҲҴĴ޹ƽǾȻַʽҲҪܣĲ¶ɷ𣡡
ŭʮӰͬʱɭЦ
Ҫˡܵô죬Ƕûаܹס㣬ҲķʽǼٸӦͷϰΪ׵ĺЦ
ǵʲôˣħһֱСʿͲӰ쵽ǵһ
ˡѷҴĴĶˣ˵Ҳûϵǿ϶ܹҳģʱ⼸ǧҲҪϡ
ʮͬʱðɭĺȻĳ֣ȴҪ죡
ڿʮ˵ʱ򣬷֪Էǿó󡭡ɲʮڵʿʮѾͻ˴ڣﵽӤģڵʿ
ȻҲǸոմﵽڵʿȻʮƷʿһ˵ʲôϻ󷨣ҲԲܹӮġ
õľǣûдӲƴֻԷһѵ֮뿪ҪǣҪסʮ˵ϢӮʮˣܹӮˡ
һӡ˸ȵĹâðһ̫ͬһҫ۵Ļ⡪ϵն
ԷʮʿƫһķģʱҪľ֮γѹƣ㲻ܸɵһҲҪܵһЩѵ
ѤùâĹʮȥʱʮͬʱϱɫȻ˿
Ϊܹо̺ŵţ
ǲ֪ǣҴ֮ǰѾ׼˺ܾãԴԴϵԪתΪϵ˹һӡУһ̺ڷİٱ
ʮͬʱɢ˺ڹ⣬ڿŷһĴȻõĹâɲϵɢĺڹ⣬мأը
䡱һ죡
ʮȫͬߵķһɢƮ䣬һЧ֮󣬷ѾԾȻתɭֵķ˹ȥ
һЧķ˷һʱ׼һҲֻһѡ
ֵܹһȻ˳ȥ֤ȷʵѾǳڵĺ֣ĺ־㷽׷ʹ˲䱬սҲʰеһܹһѵѾܺˡ
Էϣᣬ룬˵
ʮȶסԼεʱ򣬷Ѿȫ˶ݹ⣬һķ˱
ȻˣΪ׵ĺ˲ŵһ䡣
ѵѷҴĴ񶼲صúܺãǿ϶Ҳһ¶ɻɫ
ѣһϾ٣ȥ׷ĻҴ˾ܹ֪ͨءѣҴ˲٣ֻҪҳˣԹԵĻ
Ϊ׵ĺ˶ȻȻҲú͸ץסԤе飬ҴĴ񣬲ҪЮĹؼ
ֻ
һʱ֮󣬷ɢڷԲʮڵʮ˶һɻĻˣⷽԲʮڣзޣûˡⷽԲʮ첼µķߣԲзҴ뿪ģʶѱⷽԲʮڵеط¶̽ˣȴһ˶ûܹҵ
ôΪ׵ĺԵ÷ǳĻңܷ飬Ȼôˡ
յֻз֪ǷѾôãƴҲ׷ˡ
ǾҲŷܹѷҴ˲ôãεҪ겻ɣǻȥҲܲҵġΪ׵ĺҧ
ͬʱͷȻʮһͬԼΣʼɢڷҴܣ
ʮεĲַʱ򣬷ĶݹѾűٶ·һֱ˿ҪӽǽĵطŰ˶ݹ⣬µ棬ؾصĳŲǽ˹ȥ
ڲǽڵһʱ䣬⴦ĹȻǺϤˡǶˣĻ˭ҪԾǽͷᱻ
Ϊ˷ֹЩɵֱӷԾǽ嵽뾳ȥǽϿն˽յĽƣǾƷʿڷԽ⴦սƵʱ򣬶ܵ޴Ӱ졣
ʵ϶ĹϿգɶƷʿֲµĽƣΪ˷ޣͬʱҲΪ˷ҵľƷ֣Ͼ߾ı߾ͳ޷ƷΪһĴͳӵоƷΪĴһԷľƷʿΧ䣬κι˵޷ܵʧ
µ֮󣬷ûмŽ벹ǽҪһ£ҴĴǸռô
ԼʶֱʶǸռ䡣
ڽǸռһ˲ʱ򣬷ܵ˹â֮ǰռûκιߵģֻǸоǸˮ״ڣ˹ʣ
ʶڷҴĴǰʱģȴúһĻ
ССηչǵһССĳڿصĻţŨüԪϵıսȥȻתΪϡǵȫðǵ·կҺͷҴǧϥţ̰ͷͨϬɢϡ
ĴЩҪ֪ɴ½ϵƽ񣬻϶޷ȥģЩѾƽǻ϶ֻǿܣһĵزͲκεĽԲǶѧԺѰҵʿ㹻츳ܹȥʿ츳ôҲ޷ȥ
Ҵһٲֶ֮ͯ⣬׳ǣѾﵽԼ۷壬ҴȻ뺷һֱǵ츳ôͷܹҲǺķ˺ܳʱ䣬֮޴
ڣǲϢֻ
ʱ򣬷۾ڿ֮һϲá
һõطСһܹϵԪȻתΪǿԽܵҲˣҲɢܹҵȵıȻЧ΢ܹȥҲܹͻô޷ͻƵľ磡ޱ˷ܵı顣
ɣ˶סˡܹЧôռ䡭ᱻе˷ᣡ
Чĵطû˵
ʮ죬ʮС죬ʮأɴ½֮أܹۼԪеʿܱطҪܶࡣ
죬д˵е֣ܹʿʣ޵湦Чֻǿ綫Ҳ޷ӵԼĶ죡
ԼЯĿռ䣬Ȼһ죿
뵽һ㣬ҲЩѣĹھǲһ㣬Ϊ˵һǳյĻУѧԺȴ˵ܶഫ˵еġ
һѹе𾪣ȻԷ˵ͷȻôãǾͶɡȹʱٻطҴ塣
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ڷɴ½ϣһȫܣݸΣӦѧϰ֮ķֻҪǸ񣬾ܹҪκεĴȥ˵һͨƽҲлΪʿΪһʼǾܹӴЩʽ
Ȼƽ޷ʹԼᲢ۵ģǵʡ
ʣһ˵ĶȻȴܹʿõĻ£ܹʲôĵز֮ԳΪ壬ΪмܹһЩţһЩܹﵽ޵ļ֣ĺ֣͹һĵػ
˴еΪʲôܹǼÿһܹһܹƷĶʿеĸǿǷɽ磬е˷ɴ½ΪԼػ
гɫʵʿƽгֵĸȴ̫ˣƽ֮ԳΪƽΪ޷߲ζģżֵļʾ֮ҲΪͬʲ޷齨ǿļ壬˼ޣҲֻܳΪɢ£ŽɰԼĵλȴʼղЩԼĴȹ̡
ңļ壬ǳ壬ѧԺİɡ˵ǰɣ˵деɣһԺͳѧԱķʽѧԺǶ֮
ѧԺܹȻλãΪӵиأܹ޶ȵѧԱԼļޣڵＫ֮󣬾ѧԺҲ޷ѧԱԼͻƼޣֻܿԼ컯Ҳͬĵ
ߵļ壬ܹҺѧԺõԴļ֣͵ļ壬õԴͻһЩÿ꣬ͻм֮ĶԿݼʵҲǽܹõԴҺѧԺַʽεƿͬʱöϸص£ɱ˻
ԣǸЩС壬һϵͨ
˴УģС壬һһԼĴڡ
ڣǺҡҪ򵹵ļ塣
괫еĴ岻ͬڰ֮ǰͻȻģֻǶ֮һС壬ȴÿУñ֮ǰҪһȻõԴļ֣γһѭճΪļ塣
ԴҪȻӵܵʣ͸Ҫ
ûԴӵ޷ﵽԼļޣӵǶûʣôԴҲ޷̫ߣԿУȻ
ƼҾһӣһٸʽļУεģȴʮУûгʲôʵӵܣϼ˶䣬ǵҲһٽŲ츳ĻƽҲͳ˻ƼΨһϣ
ȻˣϣһֱܴҲΪ̼ƼҵƷֲŻɱȴʱͻƵķɱ
ܹһ塢ɡɣʲôɣƵļ壬ҪǿʢҪ޷֣һԴһ֡
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ָ֣߲εʿ
ѧԺѧԱԺʱûڵĻôڣѧԺҪõѧԱȻὫԴ˷ЩʲѧԱϡ
ȻûԳģҲѧԱ뿪ѧԺ֮˵õʲôͳ˾ƷĶʿȻָʣϾ̫Сˡ
ҲܹռܹʿʵĻǶôֲһ¡õռ䣬ܹڶʱڣսһΣ
ɲ֪ռ䵽ܹܲ뿪Լ壬ҪǣֻǷԼ뷨ǲܹʿԼޣǻǸδ֪
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ļڣʼԼʱõЩʽޣԾϵķʽȫⷽûʲôߵ֣֮ԽǸйѧϰ̲ĺͿαͬʽţҶ࣬÷ԷҲ࣬ǿ˭ľߣ˭Էϸ΢֮˽
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һ֮󣬷ʶٶȽ˿ռڣ潻˷
ǡҸ·ϵһЩ򣬾ϵĶСڷҴʱõĻúķʽ˵ǽǰ;ž޴İ
סǿ棬ȻԷصͷ
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СӣǳϢ˰ܹúĻ˵ܹһ𣬳ΪһµļأҴ˵ǸıԼ˵һûᣡ
ڷ뿪֮󣬷еķҴǽ⴦ռ䣬ֻʱĶһ£ȴܹձڷҴŨöԪܹõõЩܹӵеĻǷҴĴѵͱЩӵҪδأڣһûᣬȻȫ˶ˣҲʲôǣңúõȥɣܹЩʲôɾ͵ĻǾͿԷΪ齨һµļ壡
ҴĴͬʱߺޱϲá
ΪһǿߵļһӣⲢʲô飬ǳͷصһοǴǷҴ߳ȥǿߣĽֱ̫òˡ
Ҫ֪ǿ齨Լļ壬ҴĴҪΪǸĸӹ˼һδͬ⡪˭û֮أµǿߣԼͬ齨Լļ壬顣
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ֺͼͬʱͷʵϣҲǵ뷨Ҵֵ࣬٣կһЩֵȴҪһЩܹĻ˵ļ壬Ҳӵǿʢ


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Ȼ̶̵֪ʱѾֺ˹ʶ׼һ齨һµļ壬ȻƾΪ
ҲǷֺʵϲûʲôʶҪ֪Ҫ齨һµļ壬Ǻѵ飬٣ڰٴ֮⣬ļǲٷϵģҲ˵ǵòκԴĲ䣬ÿΪָĿ齨ļƣȴֻܹýٷϵļеĻᡣ
ע⣬ǻᣬһܹ롣
Էֺ˵ǱҲûʲôʧȥģŬһѣܳɹȻʲôˣ㲻ܳɹ˻صǰ״̬ˡ
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ڽԼĵý֮󣬷û˷ʱ䣬ֱȥ˼˷
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ɭֺͺɽռعʵɭֻǺɽǰһСֶѣɽش֮䣬Ƕ룬Ǳ࣬ǱԣⶼǺͶģĹȣҲǿкɽм䣬Ȼ֮׳ֳͻ
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˵Ժˣ˷һƣȻ
ǵġԺһҲûʲôڷӪûңҲܹ޵ĳ룬뿪ʱˡһƣȻش
뿪ѡǺЧ˷һƣб۴һ·ȻٺٵЦƷһ뿪Ժͻͻƣĺɽ֪Ϣ֮úܶӵġ
ҲЦҲɡûϵҸ˵Щѡ
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ʵģǺɽЦ˵ɭֻ֣Ϊֻ֪ͨɭܹɽһû;ɽġ
ɽ⻹ࡣ˷˼ĵ˵ͷɽռɭֵϰٱȻɭ޻϶ԺɽɽڣȴʿλĿ϶ģһĻҲܴȥżҵһЩֵĺöģѡȥһѡ񡣡
˵ͷԽǾɭֽĸоԽǿңҪĶڱԽоԽԡ
㡭ǲҪĳЩͰֻܻ㱾ķȴ޷γͻƣԺһ㶼ûʲôڳŵ⼸ͻƵ˶ƷҲµö𣿡˷ͻȻ˵һ䡣
ֺĴȴСķʽڶԼ˵΢΢Ц˷ܲ³ûʲôϡģʵѧԺԺҲӦòµˣȻĺɽҲô׵׼˷ļڡ
ҪʲôҲҿ԰æĲ˵Ѿͷϣܰģһ˷󷽵ĵ
ȴҡҡͷǸ˵ʵҲһֱҴһͻƵڣҪƷȫûκεĹɿԣеĺͨеȴҪһһȥ
Լ˷˻ѣü˷￿סʲôģܵľãԼܻҪס
һؼľǣоڶﶼҲĺöоֻںܻԵɺϵ£Żôһ㣬ʿ洦þˣҵˣ϶ʹõˣ˷ҵо㲻ԼõĸҲȥԼʹõġȷģͻзʿͻ޵ĺñ
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£ʿͨƽ֮Ľףͳһֽʯͽ֮Ľҩ
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ѸٲʯǿˮϵľϵʿˣҩԶԶǳøЧ
ʯ֮£ֳܹ÷˵һЩ׵üһЩĵҩͳΪƽǳܻӭĶ̷ͨʿҩԼøһ㡪ͬӦ˶ְҵһ֣Ǿҩʦ
ƷʿǼսʿҩʦʦĴڣڵʿûսģͨɱԼıƷЩսأҩʦһܺõְҵ


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ϵϵϵϵϵʿڣսһҪľϵˮϵʿҪǿܶ࣬ľϵʿŶ鱦Ļƫġ
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ʱ춥ļ㶼ˣڵľϵˮϵʿսȷʵƫˣȲϺ춥Щ֡
ˮϵʿǱȽܻӭģΪܹѸٵĲսѵͰˣΪˮϵ˲ģܹʱսѵõչˣľϵʿأľϵʿΪ֣øֲʿͻƽʿֲֻƽóö
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ҲҵԼλá
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ĵҩҶԼƻͬʱҲȥչڵҩʦҪƳҲ̫׵һ£Ҳżвģûʲô֧֣ҪŪҲֻȥ
ڹذеļ洦ɼʿͷǢһףȻ֪ɴ½Ϸ˺ʿ֮ĹϵǢһֱķ˵龰۽硣
תһֵǰһһռΪСĵ棬Ͽбб֧һˣĴ֡ի
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ҲܴǰȥɽðյʿδܹˮʿΪ飬ʱһЩҩԵúҪˣͬںɽѰҵһЩҩʲôģҲܹõһֵҩҩչͬҲ˳ӿ
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ѧԺƺƷʿһ߾ʮƷʿͨ˵УҪһƷʿǷǳѵģʿζޱȵĴ󷽡
ҡչһ΢Ц
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ҵܴ󣬲ͷЩ㣬ֻҪ˰ش
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ҩ߿ʼͶϵʱ򣬷һȻſϢ
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ǰ˳ӿþԵ徻öˣһŷݣŨҩഫȻЩҩʦƸֵҩ
ｫһľ֮Уͬʱ˷ϲˮŹĵԵȡ
˵ͷ˳Ǳ̵ĿĲˮŲˮζȻһڡ
һڲ裬Ҳ÷ʮ彡ٲˡ̲ס̾һ
һˬʵ˹͹Ȼ̹˵֮ء
ŻһɫȹĸŮӴ˽һۼ仹Ϊ˼㡪Ϊ̬˵Ů˼㣬߹档
ϸһ£ŮȴͼźܴĲͬ˵صĻôŮҪԵ󷽵öࡣ
ֱ˷ǰŮҲ󷽵ĸԼҲһ裬ЦҶԺɽһزı̲Ϊϸҩƶɣ˺ǿ壬ʿҲкôǹͣҲ᲻ȲҶдء
մʵ
СŮ࣬һ֡ŮЦҩ꣬СŮӿġ
ŶᣬȻܿôһҩ꣬ѵѵáЦ
ҲᣬѾʸ齨Լļˣ͹ͱҵҲʲôˡ΢ЦŻش


85 ļ
Ŷϰγԡüëһ£ȻЦ
˲豭һڣûֱӻشǲ˻⡣
֪իжĹģ𣿡
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¯һÿ¯һտɲʮΣÿβʮÿܲһ˰ÿնܹȫ
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˵ôһλ֮۷˲豭Ŀŷ
ǧƷʯȻԶԶ޷ѧԺȣͶκһٷ϶ļֻһС֣ȻҪ֪իﶼֻڵʿڵʿһƷʯϺܳһʱ䣬ի棬ȷʵǾˡ
Ҳ֪СΪλҡǣСҪҪڴ޼֮⣬ҵһܹ¸൤ҩļ塣Ļش

Ц˵ʵЩ˵ĵҩˣȴҲûʲô׬ͷгһЩˮѣϾĵҩҪҩıȽͨȴǴþˣڣʲôҩܹĵҩǶ٣һͨʿҲģչҩĵļ۸ͣƷļ۸ߣ˵֧Ҳûʲô׬ͷǼ⣬ֻΪάѡ
˵ͷгѧԱҲһ㣬ͱ˵ЩͷѪƽϵʿˣЩͨĵҩΪʤһϸˮеûģ׬ȴ̫ܡ
׬ͷģһһƷʯֻһʿҲֻм壬ܹչڵĲܹ޼ҵȻ嶼Լĺ飬ҲܴȥݶǣǸۿŷĵ
ֻҪһѡʼ򣺡ڿûҪ齨뷨
ûУǻеġҲǵһͶˡ΢ЦÿҪٴекܶ࣬Ȼȴ٣ܹҵֵͶʵҪ۹ˡҿԲҿ͸һʯҪģһͷŵǾǣ齨˼壬ɹĳΪٴһ֮󣬼Ҫȫիô
ջ顭Ҳɵõ˵ͷڶ󣬿ɲ˰ܹģܹõͣȻͬĻôܹ÷ҴСǶΪǴһõĻ
Ͼ˵ԽӴԽãĳɾͣҲԽߡ
ڽ齨Ҫһֱի⵹ǻݻ飬Ͼһ岻ܰѴ󲿷ֵľ棬ֱչʡʱʡҲ̫ݳ޵飬ȻĻΪʲôѡ󲿷ִչֻٲԼӵֵƣ
ΪƵҩȽϷ񣬳Ѿȷ޷ļԱûʲôսֻŻᱻȥȻֵҩҪҩֺӴ෱࣬רȥԵøֱȥչҲ㡣
Է͵˵ͷû⡭ֻҪһ죬իͻҵĵһѡﻹа˿ƷʯҪ깺˰
ĻеЦŨˡԽ࣬Ȼ֤齨棬ͼʿԽ࣬ȻͼʿҲסƷʿһǶʿҲǴӵͼʿɳģ㹻Ӵĵͼʿָܹĸ߼ʿ
һҪһǧļ壬ȻԶԶ޷ЩȣҲŲĻˣͶ뻹ֵõģȻʱòʲôرȻֻҪļ˰ٴУܹҩիһ
˵ļ壬Ƽ󣬴޼Ķ壬һҪʵرĶ࣬Ϊ˴޼ҵֲΣԸüøӵĴһЩֻӱϵӵѡɫѡֻҩȻͻһЩǻὫԴڱȽϸ߶˵档
нӹһССĴҲȥ˰˿Ʒʯڿ˿Ʒʯʱ۸ӿ϶ļǰ;ġϾһʿ˵ƷʯҲǱȽټģȻ֪Ǵĺɽһڷɴ½ʿϻõƷʯ
뿪ի΢΢̾һЩ۱ǸռԵ޹ɵһٿƷʯˡǻԺȵĹھ֮󣬶⽱͵һʲƸǻڵĻ㹻׼÷Ҵһöˡ
뿪Źأ˸û˵ĵطʶᣬٶȽǸռ䡣
ǸռĹƺֱ֮ǰһЩ˵֮ǰֻĻѾܿñȽˡ
ҵ˷Ȼ󽫴˹ȥ
ʲôɻʡ
һǧ룬ڷҴµĺӣ˰ɡͷʯֻ̫࣬׼ô࣬СǷϾ⣬ԽСʱãЧܾԽá
ŷĻƤӶڲȻ֪ãΪҴ߳ˣҲҪԼø˳һЩֻʱһˣûʲôսֻǺ쾳ȥðջ޲ϺҩĵʸûУҲֻܴĽصҴ塭
Ȼڽʱͨʱջ۵ƷʵʱܹһöúõĴûĻ˵ܹĴﵽڵΪһڵиʱȥ˵л嵽ߵĲΡ
ʱһ죬죬һλҪĴ۲ܹﵽԭеĿꡣ
һǧöܹһǧٸҴĺĿʼʹ¼õĻϷĺ쵽ĵãԤǣУӿֳ֮ǰδӿֹʿ
ҲʶôȻĻǱǰҴĺӣǾҪ˵öˡ
˹㷺ĲֵļʣŻӡ
İɣһСĺȷõġǷҴ˵Ҳһֻ
ᶨĶԷҩҲмܹʿܹﵽæģٴһ㣬˵п齨һء
һ㶡
ǵڶ϶Ķ˵ܹ齨Լ塱ˣ˵ΪҪ˴Ļô
ƫƫʱֺҲ˳
կһǧŶǺжֵܣҲǧ฾棬пյʱǲӦðկֵҲŪⶼüˣҲֵ֪ôˣկĸ棬ҪǲȥĻǿܻ
ֺĻǵ˵ͷկ˽֮ͷҴ˷ͻղʶռʱ򣬷Щķ֣ԼҲܹͬ·Ķãȫûʲô⡣
ȥɡ򵥵Ķֺ


86 µļ
ݹ⣬ֺ󵱼ңֺ󵱼ҵָկϿյʱֺͬʱ֣կһƬҡ
ǸҹһǧͻϮٶŸĸɢصϮĵطȥЩֵǵʬ׶ûҵʮ˸ˡ
ôֵܣֲˣҲֻ֮»صկկĸŮɳ˹Ѹɳ˹¶ǿʱ
ľŸͷ춼ˣ˶ڵľҲһĪչ˵Ⱥƽûʲôûͷ£ޱȵãȻ
õǣֻһʱ䣬ֺկϿա
޿ʲôͳ
ִͷڿĺһկ
ֻһկӣе㶪ˡ
Ҳע⵽ֺΣ΢΢һЦƮȻֺµ
ңͶҡҡ嵱ҡߵҶţկɢ
ֺͳկǷǳߵģֻһ䣬е
󵱼ңû̫ˡǺöֵúòңһҪΪǱ𰡣
߰ͬʱ˹˺ѷεĺţǵĺܵկҲʼŮǵĿǹѸΪԼȥɷڿ
һҪģֻҺλѾ֪˳ʲôʵʮڵʿ˶ƴҲ޷ɵеһ
ֺ仰կİǵȻ֪ڵʿζʲôɽկƽʱ߸ϵľλңҲڵʿѣͳڵʿ󾳽磬С磡
ÿС磬ζǵǵζ
ǵģǵԶ޷𣬾ȥ٣Ҳû֤ȷЩġɻһᡣ
ֺ˵ʽկ˾ñȻ׳˷ݡϾ֮ǰկɧŷҴüˣ˫ҲìܣҪ齨ĻҴ˿϶壬Լһϵ͵λõĻͻ϶ġ
˱ǰᣬկһЩҴĴȻҲͱˣȵ˫Ϥͻöˡ
΢΢ͷֺȻʵҲô£Ͼһɽկĵң쵼ļƶǲ׵ģܹͷúúĻȺǸδ֪ĿռܹðһЩ
ֺǸռ˵һ顪Ǹռֻô̵ʱ䣬ֺʵнկ±˴˶Ϥֺ˵Ǵ󵱼ң˵ǸܼңмＸ˭֪һչֳ֮ǰǿһʵԵÿ˺ܶࡣ
һ֮կ¾ȼǨǸռȥŬĻᡣ
ֺǸΪ¼һӵǰȷʵҲĶô˵ȵǰ;öˡ
ٻ˿ռ䣬ֺߺկʰöȻ󰤸Ǹռ䡪ҪĶҲ٣ˮǿ϶ģľ֮ģʵʱֺʾկյƽܶ࣬ŪһֲϽȥҲҪԼЩʲôģܲô˶˯ڵϡ
һ£ⷽû뵽ҪһʼֻǴ÷Ҵݱܵģи֮ؾˣɴ½ϵϸ˵붼˶ģ¶һһⶼûС
ˣô˴ռﲻȥˡô˳Ժʱ˷ȥʳƷҲʯܵҪиסĵط
뵽֮󣬷Ͷֺ˵䣬ֺͷȻʣµĻûнռկˣ׼˸ľ֮Ĳϡ
կڵĵطʱѡɽկڵĵطΪΧḻܿģѻɽľĺկռˣͳԼĴȻеĶ˽ȥŲŽ׸ֺ
ռڣֶǧˣ˿Ѿ򣬵Ȼڶ˵һӵĹģ
ڣڷ£ʼƬ½ϣԼ֮
ſռŨԭկ˶Ǿһ𣬱Ͼ磬Ҫ̫Զˡ
˿ʼ˽Լļ԰Ҳûٹǡ飬ҪȷϤĶࡣ
ڷҪ飬ǽɽȥðգ
ûԼĳԣֻ֮ǰ˺ܶҲҪ׼
˵֮ǰɽĿľΪѰˮĻôھͻһ񡪡ȥѼһЩмֵĶȡǸռĻǵ衭
һպ󣬷ٶȵ߽Źء
ûŹڶයֱӾعذĶʿǳʾ˼˷ơɽðյʿڶٷǼڲģҪ֪ǵҲҪһ˰Ȼ˵٣ȴһϵ
ӴƷʿǳҵĸǵŬö㹻ԴͲϣȻõķЩ壬ڵõô֮ӵܣҲм󲿷ǳʵ˶ľһѭ
ȻƷʿҲֻиģϾܹȽϰȫܹĵطѰҩĺ͸ĵرҲǵڶںɽµķӡκһطֵ룬ƬʲôʵޣʿǶܹȫһЩ
ȡ衣
ƣжǶжˣͲҪ˰ڷСýκһ˵Ҫ
߳ǵصĳǽ֮󣬷ǰȻʡ
ɽ಻ɽ˿ɭֵһ࣬Ҳźصĳǽ֮⣬ĵطûʲô˹ĺۼֻڶǧĲϿ̽Ͳ½Ƶ£ԽŹأԲɽƷ̫ߵ޳֣ڣǿҲƷʿĬ£ܹɱǿޡ
Ҫɱǿޣ͵ԽһƬԲɽɽ֮зԲɽغ֣ޣ޶ƷʵϣƬɽޣͨɭֳǽΪ޷ƹǿʿµĽƣֻܹĳɭ̡
ҪȥģǵڶɽϾһɽռȻ޴ȴʿѰңһпܱնɱʲôñҲѹθɾˡ
Ҫҵһö͵óŸǰ
⴦ɽϿգҲŽշģԾǷҲֻܺʿǣʵʵ˫ɭߡ
ͷһͬ߳Źصʿкܶ࣬еի֪ǱǸߺܶǿʿǣҲкܶಢûпիչ¶Ƶʿ÷ᣬҪƭһ¡
ʿҲûɱ֣֪ЩʿʵҲҪŪ޷ǾҪôû飬Ҫô۸ռһЩ˶ѡ
Եһü۵ʿ׽ʱ򣬷ֱӾûԷ޼ɵͷųԼΪʿƣڶԷҰ׵ɫУʩʩȻɽ
磬̤֮ʱԪӦߣߵñʿҪϺܶࡣ
ŷһһľ룬ʿǶЩˡҲȷʵûʲô֣ڵıֻ֣̾Ϊֹ
Ҫȥڶɽˡã⡭
˼ҿǴڵʿôȺڵ
ĽСС;Ϊʲôӵܰɡ


87 ̽
һɽԵúܰϾ⴦ɽʿʮˣֲ£ǳȺ塪һ޳֣ʿǵķӦܣ۷Ź⡪ⶼܻʯĲϰ
Էû˷ʱ䣬ٶȣ˵ڶɽ
붥ʿǸĸյһԵǾǵϵ𣬱󲿷յضһڣƽֻҪͻڣôվյشſڣǰȫģյ֮ڣʲôʲôط֮ͬ伸໥ģǵΡ
ɽ֮󣬾һƬ֣һɽǣڶɽҲǡ
Ȼɽ֮䣬ȴһϲ㣬һɽıԵͻأİθһأһɸߵɽ£ôͻأĳ˷ǰ
յĽƣ˵һɲֻʿĽҲԵúܣϢԽôĺɽ붫ĸء
ִڵʿǿԾԽ⴦ɽ£ڶɽġЩڵʿ޷н֮£ڶɽġʵҲΪ˱ǡ
⴦ɽ¶޷ԽҲûʸڵڶɽȥ
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һʮɸߣﵽߵʱǰһһ׳ֺǰ
һԼ˿УǰһƬԲԣ΢ιľ˴شصڶһƬ顣
΢΢ı۾һСܿģ۾һӡɽ⣬ͷ
ַʮɷԲʱһˮһӰʼ˿֮СǷĸ֪˿ͷܹε޽ӽ֮󣬾ܹԷչɱ
ȻѾ¶мֵͷ޵ùˡ
ε޻ʿͷۣȻûܺõεĻôǵսԵһ㡣
ڽе޷˲ҽһޱһӡûУֱӴͷķֳƬ
ҽʹֹʧȥǿʼµһУ͸Ǳ˹һ±г֮󣬷ԼĴͷжƷΪǣһмʯûʲô⡣
һˡ
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ڶɽΣķԼոսͲ⵽͵ϮѹһƷʿҲֻڵڶɽΧߣܵϮ
ҲרǮġҪĿģȡȥѰˮҪĿĲǴȥ
Ҫ֪һˣǿҪͨðǮҲһӣЩ嶼ļΪĽש߲У˵ⷽ棬޵ġ
ûȥѰޣѰҩģֻ֮һһģԼǸȥ
ڶɽ޵ȼڶƷƷ֮䣬ΪĿռԵɣֻҪСһܿЩƷޣͲ̫Σա
ûмùһӡͷɢɹâڵҹһյƣȻķɳΧֻǷſԼʶעΧĶ
ʿܹ֮ЩʵԼǿ޴ڵյȥҪһԭǣڲΣշ棬ƷʿҪԶԶĳЩǸ߳һʿ
ɵɭǰţʱʱĸıһԼǰķΪǰбȽ͵ޡھķϣȴûƫƹ
ƷµޣֿնɱȻȡԼҪĶ·ϷʲôҩģҲɼ
ǰٶȲ죬ʵϣǰΧĻһ·ϣʲôԼԶԸޣʲôطʲôԼԶԸȴҪѺܳʱǻᾪΧ޵Ĵڣʲôط·ȽϰȫܵʱܹѸ뿪
ҪȥȻҪø׼
һʱ䣬ܿȥˣ̽һ·ڵľնɱƷʮͷժɫҩĲ
ɫҪʱ򣬷뿪˵ڶɽصŹڡ
ЩҩļֵͣʮƷʯ΢ЦŵݹһСʹ
ﻹһЩϵĲϡ
ȴҡҡͷֻչҩġϵĲǻ϶ûʲôôʿǻĲϣֱչġ
Ȼĵͷۿҩ꣬չҩĵԭģϾԼȥռ鷳ЩϵĲϣƺ鱦ԼҪģȻֻоŻ
իչҲֻתȥδʲô׬ͷһȽϷɻ䣬ֱӱʾչҲе顣
ɱ޵ƷõƷǿھչġÿ»һͳƣһĿԵõĽءݸָʱϧϣʱٵƷʯͬʱÿ껹һܵĹ׽ʱĽ͸ˣܶʿĽĶءЦ
𣿡ȤϾвҲǴӵܣǶĽĶǲĽ
ǵģȥȽһͷƷޣպǱ޼ҵӵˣȽ˵áҲƵģֻгµʿܹȥЩϧֻһͨʿЩǺϤءЦŻش
ˣл󡣷ĳ˳էܶ鲢Ϥ
˹֣΢΢Ц
뿪իһջ񣬾ǻʮʯ̫ںǮҲҵҪ̽ΧȻȥѰˮڵĵط
ںɽҹȰҪΣյö࣬ҲԼ̫˹ذ룬ŶٷһϵеĹٰ
Ҫȥģչϵĵط
ȽˣƷȷʵǺöֵԶԶĳʯһĳ֮µĲϣֻڶֶҲر󣬸οѾˣһȥһʱ䣬ȥȡȵһƺЩء
ٷĻǱһĻҪáڷɴ½ҲһһƻֺĽռ˳еĵطŹٰ߳칫֮ҲϢʱʱľʿ߽
ʿĽǶٷŹչϵĽ֮󣬷߽˴š
ʿ˿իڹҩʿ٣ҺԵǣʿƷѾ࣬Ȼ˵ʵǿҲֻƷʿԷƷΪȴһ㶼ۡ
ո̤ţͿһսдӰڴ룬Ȼӳһ
ſ׵ľʿǰӹ˴ȻһһѵϲеĲϣͶѻ˵ϡ
նķᣬεȽڱصˣ
˵˽ȤĿһѲУвƷޣƷΪܹնɱƷޣŮӣҲŲ׵ʵ
յһ˫ʿ֮󣬸ߺһĴʼʿǵ֮̾


88 Ŀ
˫ջûǧİٰʮķ֣»һʮǧʮһ֣Ȼһǧʮ֣
ʿĽ۾΢΢һȻֻǸζûмֵ֧ģһ¾ɵƤ׵ŮӣȻܹһ֮ںɽնɱ֮ޣ
ܹﱨϻֵʿǳµʿҲ˵ҲֻƷʵʿýʵҲǶٷЩҪӽʵʿһ;
Ʒʿܹɱһ˵ƷģлɱƷ޵ʵѾǷǳˣһֵĹǣһƷһ֣Ʒʮ֣Ʒһٸ֡ԴƣնɱƷޣܹһ֡
ƺҪûǺ׵飬һǧ֣նɱһǧͷƷ޾͹ˣҪ֪ƷϵʿҪնɱһͷƷҲǺѵ飬ܹÿ춼նɱüͷƷޣһֱȥĲ˵ʿͼͣ;һʿܹģ
һģһŮˡ
ڳ޲ϵĴ棬һ֮ѧԺԺбһҲͬԻеģֳֻհ°ͬʱȡõĲϱǵȡõ콻Ͳ㡣
ڣհ°棬һĶͬһ֡˫
ڶ֣һдҵġϾͿԿԱ޼ҵӵܡ
С㣬ԽĽȤֱӸߴĳͿˣĳвֵı޳͸С㡣
һȺд˳ȺֿһɫۣòʿһȺ˵ӵ֮˳ЦĶ˫ʩһ񣺡ĳСޱȵĽûκֶֹС㣬СǷܹ´ĳһƬأ
ƾʵѡ
嵭ӱŷ˫д˳б£ѹ˫
Ȼ󣬵ҲڴĳУСϲĳκηСȵĵһĳֻԸСһĽӴ
˵Ĵʿһ֣չһȣҡҡģƺӣĳţҲǴ޼ҵϵ귽ʮţδȢޣСĳԸӭȢСΪҴ޼ޣԺฺΥԣ֮
ȻʧЦԭΪһѹǿһϷ룬Ȼǳҵ׷ݸŮӵϷ롭
Ȼţ˵ᣬòΪҲǸƷңڶʿУҲǵһȵˡ
ҵļ˷ҵ磬Ƿ֮ǰĶ붥еĶˣѵõƺԼļˣµļҷ磬ֵó޵ġ
÷ĶǡȽȻ𣿶ǼҴҵĶóʿ
Ȼ˫ȴƺһȤûУ³֣ûȤȻתȥ
ȡЩżĽһ˫ȴţֱתȻȺм˶ٷչ
ʱ򣬷ſ˫
ߣȼƺҪһЩ޳Ȼһ¾ɵƤ֮£ȴԵ£ԸӲȴһɫᶨƺûʲôֹܹǰһ㡣
˫Ŀбӣһֱߵʱ򣬲΢΢һͣ٣תͷ˷һۣȻȻͷ뿪
΢΢һЦȻ鵽ΪԷǿˡĿԣ޷˫ʵѡ
һֵģȻܶƷʿܹжƷΪģȷʵҲǷëǣǸڶĴңҲǶƷΪѡ
˫뿪֮󣬴ҳ̾ϢһȻ˵İ̾ⶼˣ˵ΪʲôԹǲҶģѵĳ˻˧𣿡
ʿһЦȻͦߵģվڴԱߵһʿҡҡͷүѾ˧ˣ飬Ҳǿİ
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91 
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ʺ϶ԸԳ޵ģЩɱ֮ǣ˫ȻҲķ룬ҲѡɱԳԭڴ׼޴Ĳ˵ҩǴų־սͷ
ûдʲô˵ҩϾ˵ֻҪǸռ仹ڣܹԴԴϵĻò䡣
ŽԳ޴ǰۻųԼͷѹûжԳжٶȺܿ죬һѡܣܽҪٶԷ಻׷ɱ
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һ죬¾磬վ֮ĵ棬ͬ֩һĳ˴ƬƬѺۣĴɢ
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92 Ӧõ
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ĳɼǰ֣ɼƽʱѾ㹻ĺãȻڣ˶ڴţǸзСӣܹõٷ
һµʱ֣һȫµļ¼ǹٷչʼհ°ֽʵİ񵥳ʱ򣬾ʹûܹһʮ֣һ¹֣
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֪ʵһÿֻаʱնɱޣʣ°ʱ䶼̽ڶɽѾעһޱϸ޷ֲͼĻ»ӵĳԾɡ
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ѰˮҲҪ
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ȫȫȥĻҲһ¾ܳԽ˫Ͼڻɱⷽ棬ռıʵ̫ˡ
ڹһӡԪܹһ޶ȣǵͬƷʿȫһȫһԻɱƷޣƷҲ˼£޻ĵطǹ̶ģֻҪעһⷽأȥϾɱޣ̫ˡ
ڶһ˽յķ֮˫û뿪ԭվţŷĵʿ˴ĶʿҲڵŷĵ
޴һı֮ǰһֱ˫ѹҲˣϾǴ޴ϲˣأֳһ˲ͱ伾ˣ޴ôܲƣ
죬ȴƺе֣ɫѾˣһʱеʿصŹڣҹû˸ںɽڹҹģΪЩޣҹŻչֳǿʵҹٵʱ򣬸ǿĽƾͻ֣Źڵʿʲô⡣
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οǻܴΧפ뵽Ʒ֡
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ҹޣȻȰҪǿһΡ
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󲿷˶ѹܹõʮ֣˫ȴѹܹõʮ֣кܸߵջ𣿡
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Ȼ󣬴ҾĿɿڴĿŷӳһֵʮֵĽԳĽǣԼʮ߼Ʒ޵Ĳϡ
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Ļ˵Ҳˣö֮ԪõĹУ˫ҲҺҪ֮ԪԷûʲôã˫ȴǷǳҪͻõϵĶⲢ裬˫ӦõĶ
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93 
һյĲ֮˫ƺҲͨˣǿȥԼһЩ飬Լá
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͵ڶɽ̽ɽҪѵö࣬ΪԽƷޣǵĸ֪Ѿܹĸ֪ˣڵڶɽƷ޵ĸ֪Χ֮飬Ū⸽ĵΣȻѡʺԼǰĵ·ܶʱ򣬷ȱЩƷ޷֣Ȼע⵽Էǰ֮þִַٵԼмܶԷ׷ɱ
Ʒޣڷ䵥ģҲҳ֣ΪǴ򲻹ģܴҲķѺܳʱ䣬ֻҪޣƾͻҵĽ֡
С̽飬ǳĺķѹڷÿλصŹأͷ˯һ󡪡岻ۣ͸֧ҲҪõֲ
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·ٶõٶ֣ϵѾԽˣ˫ʹңȻƣԽΪһȫпܵ顣
һѾɽ̽һ롪ȻǿŹصһ롣
ڽɽ֮󣬷ˮĸ֪Ũ࣬ԵǣԽɽôˮԽ
ھһͷ˵ŵʳζȴסԼıܣһһ̽Լʳ֮Ŀռ䣬ΣգȻٽӽԼҪõĶ
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ȻͻƣҪģȱ֤ԼİȫΪ
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ˮ֮ǰõһϵóգûжҲ˵ùȥ飬ˮܹʱɢŨˮϵԪˮϵ޻ʿž޴İɽԽľϵΪȻȴֻͷƷˮϵǰҲȷʵ̫ϳһЩ
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ҲһͷƷޣȻӦǲڵģҲǳȥʲôȥˣٹ۲ȥĻҲͻһûᣡ

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ԭſϣϵɫľȻһķ忪ʼһһĳ»ȥ˻ϢټϺ⻷ͬɫվԱߣҲδܹĴڡ
֮Ȼѧģȴܹܺõԭܼ򵥣ϵʹõⷽҲռ˼ıˣݲͬĻתԼϢſϣһ֣ſڵϣǴصһ֣ˮУˮһ֡
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ˮ֮ˮζʼԽŨˣ÷ٶȷˣˮ⴦С棡
Ϊ֮ǰˮܶ̽ˣκηܵĶһģԽӽˮܾԽŨҡ
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94 
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бߣһһĳˮ·Ųţһֱ·֮ͷԼ壬ĳȥ
һзϢƷҲ˿ûκεĲ΢΢ĵһѡҲɴ½ֻܹڶƷΪʱͷƷ޵ĶĿǱǵ֮ȥѰұ˰ɣ
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ʱ˫۾ҲĴӿǱˮ£һֱ󲻵ɵĵط롣
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Ҫ˵Լȷʵǵõ֮ǰľʿĴУ˽ΪģڵõеͬʱڵǸռҲʼչֳ֮ĻǺܶԵϡ
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ȷʵһȽĿռ䣬֪ǲ˵鶴졭ҪҿԴӦϾҲǺ飬Ҳһ£һҲ֪鶴ǲڵռ䣬ڶҲ֪Ҫαסһʶƺ֪ܶණҪһЩھ޵ʿһЩ⡣
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95 
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Ͳһ˿ʶҲ𣿡
Ȼˣֻյˮҵʶն鶴ģѾ鶴ζˡʲô߰ģȻװôˡĵ
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̾һ׵Ŀ鰡Īľͨ˿飬ĿҲԵ߰㣬˿ȷʵвٵʣǸռ䣬ԼĴУھ޵ʿķչ򡭡
ڵǸռ䣬鶴죬ʮ֮һҲǱ޵ʿһֱŵһ졣
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˵̫磬죬ӵʿʵϢϢأǰӵߣɽӪһԸıɽʵֵĴϣ鶴ܷӳһɣֻ˵ʵŻ˵ƣͻƵΨһʽ
ڷٶȵ˿ˮžܹ֪Ʒʽˡ
˵ͷҲ⣬֪ԼŵռһַǳţƵĴڣǾ㹻ˣжţƣڵԴ־硣
ĴС޵ʿܳܳʱŻһʿѽֻڻԵɺ֮£ܹΪˣһľ֮ǰ춨ɴ½ֵλңҲǸϼһڷɴ½Ʒ֮һȥɽ֮ʲô飬Ҳֻ֪˵ɽΪɽڵɾ˳ȫɾľˡȻ˵ںħˣȻˣִ鶴죬ȷʵˣѹôûҡ
ıҲĬ˵λȫɾɴ½ڵĸ֣˵һֽģֹأҲһְŵģӪĹɴ½šһĳΪɽĺܣɽսУʼռϷ硣
ԭôΰһɾҲ
ķչ򡭡ûʲô˵ģʿһԪӯ鶴죬鶴ҲܹܺõĻ࡭Ǹϼһﵱʱǿ鶴죬ڶ̶̰֮ھͳΪңڶĸ֣ҲǿġоܹߵƷȵǸʱ򣬾ͲܿˡţǸʱ֪ǰķġ
ȻⱾĵ⣬ȻоͻƣѾ֪˵⣬Ȼ֪Ĵ𰸣˾òİ
׼ˡһҪľǣƷ֮䶼ϵģھƷи˺Žжʧ˵ĻҲͻоƷ̽ҵܲӵͿ컯ˡ
ʲʲô
ʧɫ׼˵ʲôʱССͷɿתתˮʼ˾ҵ𶯣Ŀˮֱӵӿ壬һ˲֮ͱһ緺źڹľ壬ԭˮѾȫʧ̧ͷңԶգЩ㶡
һ̣ɵľ壬ͳŷ˹
ܲҰȥ
ֻü³⼸֣ɫľһͷײţţ͸ܵˮӿԼڣڵ鶴͵һţ̰ӿˮ
˶ͣˮӿӿ鶴ʱĶҲԼĴ޵
ȻĶѾĲ⴦ˮı仯Ҳһ̣Ǿͻˮߣˮ׵ķͻᱻ֮
ҵǣˮӿ鶴ٶȣǳĿ졣
һ¡Ҵկˣˣڻ鶴أЩˮӿ룬Σ
Ȼȴûʱȥʶ鿴飬Ϊһ̣еˮѾȫӿڣһɣڿԻˣ
˫߸ߵ
ˮϰɣξȴûнշģϵߵ˼ޣһ̣Ѿˮ
ڿеķͿ棬һ̳·ϵľײ·ɢȻǿޣ·ϵľأֱӲײһ·Ȼ˹
ڱ棬ȻûĶȴܸܵһɱڳŴ˴˹
ͬҲС
ͷƷޣͬʱ˴˴ı仯ͬʱ⴦˹
ڣԭŵɽм䲿λȴѾ˷ڡ
ֽһѸٵأȻصĲһµ棬˷ɿͶ֮УԼ̽޽ٵĵ·ĳ˳ȥ
ڷոճȥһͷųޣѾȻԭˮ
һͷӴĺܣһͷͻһͷ߲ɫݣͷֱӵϵϵľϵ۷ľƷޣͬʱ
ϢʧˣҲûˣ
ֻСϸղˣѵɵ˶
ܣ
ôϢȷʵʧˡ
ʿɵģǺôĵӣս𣡡
λѾңܾˣҲңܾˡѵǺ֮Լ𣿡
ҪҿɲЩʿ
Щʿ̫࡭ʧ٣ѵǵı
ǿɲưոݣ
ǲͻƷӡġ
εʶм䴫ݣ֮໥ܾ裬˭Ҳûеһʱȥ׷Ϸ⣬ҲҲǵ˵顣
һ֮ȶų򣬳ԭ·˻ȥͻҲͬת뿪ˣֻͷܣջĳŷܵĵطһӣŲʵ뿪ԭء
Ȼ֪Щ飬ʱֻһͷǾܣֻҪӵڶɽ͵ɽĽ֮䣬ôǰȫģ
ܳԼٶȣһֱڴﵽ紦֮ųһžͷɽ¡
أڶɽ
˺ôһᣬԼƽ֪ЩƷǲܽڶɽģΪ֮ķӡЩңڵĶʿµģһеɽԽǾܹ֪
ķ²ű۾ԼʶͶڵ鶴֮С


96 ޵ĳɳռ
Ƿ鶴֮ĵһо
ڷŵˣڴŷݵ׳໥ŵļҡһУ뿪ʱһƺûκεı仯
˰ǲִʲôˣ񵤡׽嵤ЩȺСӽöܿ찡ȣǲǲ̫㣿ҲżģôҪõĵҩһȥҲ̫һЩ
Լǰ߶߶ķЩ񡪡֪һԼͻƵʱ鶴Ƿʲôı仯ģһȦֹ½ؿʼ¶ˮ桭أһ仯û
ԼͻûУҲûͻƣô£
үӣʲô仯ûУ˷һ䡣
һ£֪Ե޹ʵ˵ĻҲȷʵûеʲô仯ġ
ûʲô仯ˡҡҡͷֻţʲô仯ǵ´ʱҡ
˵ͷģһġ
ʶ鶴гأ˳˼
ĵһӦƭԼûɣղʶ̽ˣ鶴ﶼûϢȷʵѾ˯ˣӾƷ޵ͷʼû˻ַԼ׵ġ
ʼ֮ǰ˵Ļ졢С
ʿһԪѰͻƵ
ѵҪȥȻڵԪﵽһ۷֮У԰鶴ԴԴϵṩԪңһⷽԭ򡣡
ҡҡͷȥˣˮԼһõģҲ֮ǰһǣҪһʱܹ仯
뵽˿ɫɫѾҪˣܿǾͻƬøǿҪصŹڵʱˡ
һ췽ҲɱʮͷƷޣҲһˡ
صŹأһ˽յĻ֣ʩʩȻĻصԼ齵ķ棬ʼ붨
֮ǰںɽڣҲû̫ʱȥ룬ڣҲܹ㹻ʱȥ˼ȥ鶴ȥ̽һ˰ɣ
ˮĲ䣬Ȼһ仯ûУŲĹ
˵֮עһ¡Ȼ˱仯ٴμ֮
ʲô仯ʡ
йֺ⻹ִ󵱼ҷֵġ
ˮϵʿԸϰں
ֺԷҴկĵط뺣沢ԶϾǲŵ鶴ʱ򣬾һƬ뺣治Զĵطŵģ˴ɽҲһƬǳõȺ֮أҲһֱû̽ĵط
ֺˮϵʿÿȥڽ죬ںʱ򣬾ͷһЩ仯Ҳû⣬֮䵱̸ʣͱץס͸¶Ϣ
˵ڲϵ˳һȻʵ
ǵģҳʱϰϸ뿪˶Զƽʱһǧܹߵˣȴһξ룬ˮȷʵڲϵȥֺ˵ͷ
Ǳ仯𣿡˷һ䡣
˵ͷȷʵˡүӣִ󵱼ңлˣҲѾ֪ʲôԭˡ
᲻ʲô⣿ʣҴú죬ﲻ˶ǳĿ죬ͣôõϼһԼлͻƵļˣķ֮ǰѾͻƵ˵ļһͻΣڵĻǾһ
͸Ը뿪õطˣŨռ䣬ҲЩįȻֻҪгɣôһįʲô
⣬ҪȷӵĽš
šӦòʲô⣬б仯ҲǱǰõı仯
ЦѾ³ʲôԭʵ֮ǰȻֻ˵˼仰ȴҲѾ͸¶㹻Ϣ
ֺͷ˼֮󣬷뿪ǣȴû뿪鶴졭
ʼ𲽵ĽԼʶŴȻӸߵĵطȥ鶴졣
½ԼǰСָоںɻУһֱ̫ա
Ҵկľۼأʶոձʱ򣬻һƬѹѹĺڵ㡪Ͼ˵ľۼأģΪС
һ˲֮һƬڵ㣬һڵ㣬ĺ߽Ұֳ롣
ٹһ֮忪ʼǰ
۾ʼʶ̽塣
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̣ʵǷǳģȻʱ򣬷ʶѾ壬ܹϸ΢ı仯
ͻȻһˣһʲôı仯
ڵϣϱıɽȫڻô򶼻ᱻû
ڣ壬γϱ
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ˮ忪ʼϱϱˮܹѭ
ģһųĵоǴٽֵĹؼҪء
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ڣ𣿡
һڷ
ˡ鶴͵Ḷ́ͻƵĹ̡һĵͻƵЦ
ȷʵЦ⣺ȵһɣҵʶͻɢȻһȫµ򣬻𽥵ĳ֣߶鶴ˮѭѭУһ𲽵׳鶴ΪĶʱҲŻᳬѵһΡ
һΣʲôĲΣʡ
ңô֪ʱҲһĲΡúõȥɣ鶴ĶԽ࣬ô鶴ĶҲԽࡣܴ󣬴ĵزȻѾʶ۷Ҫǣ۷ɲǸЩƷ֡и۷ĸִڣڵ㣬ɴ½˵Ҳ洦ɼϰˡ
⻰ٿȻһʱνǹ÷ǳķ⣬뿪Ժ֮ѸٵͻƵ˶ƷŲǻƼҵƷϣʮڵʿûܹ˵һëŹأǷޣʿѹ£ڵɽУҲ˵Ļˮȫˣĳɼ㷽һֱأҲЩ
ⷬȴȷʵԶأȻѾ˺ܺõĻ㹻ֶΣȻϾ졣
֪ԼЩƷֻޱȾ޴ľ룬һڵʿҲܹɵĻԼȻȴΪԼҪ׷ЩƷʿ̫ѵ飬ȴƬ½ϣбǸ۷ĸ֡
·ҲһܹռԾֶΣȻǰ滹кܶˣѾ˺ܳܳʱ䡣
ҪЩ˵ľ磬ҪŬ
οǰģɲֻһأ
һŬģΪԼҲһֱŬȥ
սȭͷ鶴гԼʶ
ԼȷʵС鶴ҲǴ죬ȻԼ鶴һ޵ĳɳԣƣ
޵ģɳռ䣡


97 ͬ
Ź˵Щľǣշ֮ǰûֵٶȣҪ˫һ׵飬ȻڽʱȴƺǷһɱźɽǣȡŻ֣Լʯ
իϰҲǰľһµʱѾ˴׽ϴĵҩȥˣ㹻ʿʹõģȻի˵ҲرĴȴҲһͻˡ
ۿʼãԼǰ˰͵ãȷʵֵá
˫һֱڿŷûֵٶȣȻһһĴѰŶ޻ɱûƷޣƷҲɱÿ춼ܹʮֵĻ֣ڣڷĳһԡѪĴͷƷ޺ʮͷƷ޵Ĳϻصչʱ˫Ҳ΢΢̾Ϣһ˺ͷľ
˫֣ʧˣʹ˷͸ö֮ԪɹͻƷͻƴڣ̤볤ڡ
Ʒʿǲܻûֵģ֮ǰõĻҲȻͱȡˡ
û˻֣˫ҲûŹڼͣȥɣŹڵʿǷǳĵ֯һͻᣬ˫ֻ¶һ棬Ȼ뿪ˡ
뿪֮ǰ˫Ŀ˷һۣû˵ɥĴ޴үֱӾͱˡ
ǵһμĹﰡûʲôȴȻҲмһˣҷǳƵĶԷ
ø𣿡˾ЩС˵еı̬ܲһǶЩԼмһ˵ŮŽ̬á
в˼ҲϲңΪʲôҪȥ׷󰡣û˵ֻȥ׷Ůˡ
ЦԭǱ̬
ʱУÿ춼ȥ̽鶴ĳɳʯչͼʿõϵĵҩ֮⣬ʯȫԼã鶴죬Ҳ鶴ɳԽԽ졣
һ֮鶴ֹͣ˳ɳϱʼ޴ıɽ˵һ֮󣬷Ҳɹͻ˵ڶƷΪΪ˵Ʒʿ
硣
ԽƣʵͻԽǿ
磬˱ɽ˺ˮ½أʼγɳѭȻһƵ鶴죬ƺԶ
ȻֻҪӮ񣬻ĽܽøӵԲһЩʱԼҲܹͻƴڣΪڵʿɣ
ңڵʿǶΧĴڣȻĴڣ˾Ͳ̫࣬֪жңڵʿ˵ѧԺһﵽ˵ĳţ˵ңڵʿ㴫˵ģôϵңڵʿҲˣͶʿϾǷëǡ
һʵģǳڵʿ·߾ͳ죬Ʒʿ۷壬ͿԿģԳʿΪ
ڼƴУңʿ϶ǲֵģʿһЩСжڿȻ֣ܳƴģǳںʹڵʵ
ܹ볤ڣôʿѾ㹻
ˣǸ;мս
ͻƵƷĺôǣڵڶɽѾûܹвޣھһͷƷ޺ͳͷƷһͬŷ֣ҲκκµĸоǴܹͷƷϵĲϣڷͻƵƷ֮ĵһγ֡
ҪЩƷʿ𣬷ûеǷȱ
С緽棬ԼصԽսȻԽһ󾳽ʿԷƷ۷ʵǧ򻯵ķΪԸһͨƷʿûʲô⣬ȻԷʮˡôҪӮǼܵ顣
ԷȥȵһȥԼʵһ¥֮ȥԸЩˡ
·Ҳֺ˵ˣկ¶Դ˲ûʲô飬Ͼ鶴ʱֺǸǳе˶·һͬʱ鶴쿪ʼ֮鶴øӵŨ˼֣ǻű飬կ˼̫Ը뿪ˡ
гкȣðݣٶȻ죬ʲôˣÿ춼ͽõĵҩʳ˵ʵڵģǷҴˣկˣҲЩ˼ˡ
Ҫңܼ򵥣ƷĵزͿԳȥȻҶʯˡ
ЦŶ˵Ȼ˵һΣȻϾ˵ĵ̫ڵĸֶͱȽϴģŬҲ̫졣
Ǵ޵У㻷ô࣬Ҳܱȷû죬귽ѧԺ֮ΪԺǵӣʲô׽ϴĵҩǼǵһڳԣѸٵͻƵ죬˶ļ¼
ҲʳڵģȻǻСҪҲûһЩʱ䣬֪Ҫģúã°빦ҲܹиʱȥͻԼޡ
կļҺмʵɫģǽģܵȻǴ۷ͣҲȱϱӾͺãͻԶԶĳҴҲֻзĳɳٶܹǱ⡣
ִ󵱼ҿ˵鶴쿪ʼ֮󣬻һˮе˵һʱƺõһЩͻһֱûܹͻƵΪ˵ļͬʱһ;֮󣬽ŷһЩĽʹɣٶͻƵ弶۷壬ڣֻʣһ֮ң
ĸңҲ׷ͻƵƷƷʵԭʵףڵ֮µСͷĿǣҲ׷׵ͻ˺ʵΪ֡켶ʿĲ˵ڸصΰǲҲģû;ЩԱȣôҲܻҵλĴ
˵ʵ÷齨ʵҲһ͡
ڵկ˱ȷҴҪöִ࣬󵱼ͷѣ֪һжǷģǷҴģͻԷҴһ׽֮Уկ˾ͿʼƮƮȻԼܹѹҴˣôܻӵҡ
ұկƺռϷ磬ǱҴȴҪöˡ
ҴһĴӣˡ׳Ůͯ˿ڱкͯռһǧˣ˱֮ǣŸõĻһǳɳӿֳָּտɴ飬ʺһĻΪƷʿҲ̫ѣկأΪļ壬м׳Ƿǳģڽ죬ȻǱȴ޶ˡ
ҪǿկܹռݾԵƣǵʮʮ󣬷ҴռƣǴ
飬ûȥܣһҲûľ飬ҲûľҪǣӵоԵƣկҪŪʲôܹ֮ƽϢ
ΪǿԲں
ֺ֪һ㣬ټϸŷôҲǰãصĸŷߣϷҲǸϳɾ˵֯ǿ֯ȫҪЩ¡
ʵ÷öһģ顣
կ֮ǰĳŵʵϾûгŵҲȥģϾԷǳġ
һ£Ⱥ˳鶴Ҳһ£Ҫ齨壬Ҳиľۼزа


98 Ʒ޵ʾ
飬ڿԻһҸۼص飬ͬҲԻһϾżֺʱ鶴ú죬ҲżҪģǱԼϵƣɱޣʯ֡
ʱ䷽Ҫ̫飬ֻҪʱ䵽ȻõѾ֮Ǿˡ
˫˳һѾȫûκֵܹʵڻõĻѾ˫Ļ֣ԭΪҪĸ²ܸϵĲ࣬ŷʵʼıƽڶĴңڻҲԶԶ޷ͷȡ
Ȼ˷ﵥӣȴƺ̫ù
Ҳ֪ôˣɭӿֳޣ֮ǰ˲٣ÿ춼űǰ࣬ǿĳŵפŵķߣ˼ǣչֳԳפصķߣȴפ˸ѹ
ǰɣڣÿʿ۵Ҫϻ֮ǵͷ˯ָĵľһЧƺͲ˺ܶࡣ
˷ﵥԴȻǺܲפҪЧǶǵĵͼѪһֱȥĻʿǲòԽԽƣȻֻС£ȴпܶԶµӰ졣
ںͼķӪһ֮󣬼˷ﵥһ顣
һգһ·ڵʿһӪӵӪ
˷µһӪˣϷӪһǧΪߴﵽƷҲжƷʿǱǰһǿһʵ
ȻʱӪ۵Ҫƺ֪һķһһ㣬ɭӿֳһҲһ
֣ƺ޷Ҳ˺Ȼǣʲôô
˷һѪ۵һľ棬һɻ˵⼸Խǿʿ˵ôУÿζǿǶϺȻ˵˵ʲôȴҲ̫ӡ
ﵥҲòȥԳȣ˼ȼ˷Ҫö࣬һֱڵͷ˼š
ôˣ뵽ʲôûУ
ﵥϰˣ˷ҲԼȥ˼
롭ǷǸһźţﵥͷ
޲û˼ά֯𣿡ļһ㶣ߵн˵Ҳͬʱͷ
Ʒ֮µģûУƷͲһˡ˷Ц
Щǲ֪֪ҲûʲôʵϣﵽƷޣѾ˵ǳ޵ķˣǣܺ˽ǡںܾǰƷ޺͸ǿһЭ飬Ǿɱ޿⣬ǲܶκξƷ֣󣬿еĵҩȥҾƷ޽ҪĲϣΪܶƷϲеĲϣǿȡûʲôãǾƷ޵еһЩҩģҲԼơ£ʿ;ƷޣǺƽģȡ裬ֻΪøãûҪȥ
ﵥĻͬʱ¶ԭ˵ı顣
ΪʲôƷ޻ӦϾÿ춼ôǵͬǵ¡ͻȻһ䡣
Сãˣ޺಻һźܶġʿԺЩ˺ƽΪڳΪʿ֮ǰҲ࣬Ϊ࣬Ǿи顭أҲҲи飬ǲ̫ŨңЩǣѾǵľƷ˵ЩûǵޣǲǵͬģЩԼİȫͬʱཻףܹܵҲȥɱЩޣЩϣǻᶮǽ𣿲ǲãԣֻԼȥȡǾƷ޺޵𡣡˷͵
һҪԭ򡣡ﵥ΢΢Ц޵Ҫǿö࡭ɱһ֣̫֮ҲҪɱһ㣬ЩƷҲ׵ġ໥ɱȡԴһޣ޵õĿռ䣬ɸľƷޣǵĻ飬Ҳøࡣ
ͬʱԭء
Ҳѹ֣һͷһƷҪĵԴɱһٸһǧ˶ҪöˣҷܹԸ㣬һƬĶĺܶ꣬أʿÿɱôޣҲ˸ռɡ
Զˡ
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ôôڣ˷üͷҲ벻׵һط
Ʒ޶ںɽ޷Խɽ͵ڶɽ֮ķġ
ﵥڵϻ˼ʣɽ·ͼɭֲɭֺռسɭٱĵһɽȻǵڶɽɽ˵һɽĴ󲿷ֺ͵ڶɽСֺɭֽ֮⣬ɽǰɽεĵţ޷ӽɭ֡
ַӡΪ˱֤ɭֻƷƷޣҪôɱĹбǻɱҪôصɽȥ棬ƷޣҲȫڵɽǻᾭѵƷ޴ӵɽϳ֤ǵĻռԴ㹻
˵ƷҪǽһЩʲô޷ֱǵģΪɽķӡǳǿǶңڵʿµķӡǾƷޣҲ޷ڲ˵ƻķӡһƻңڵϴǾͻᱻȵǳ֣ǾƷҲֲá
£ƷҪǽһµĻôַֻӳ޵ǲԣȻǣȥǻ档
һ˵ô࣬ﵥ˼άҲԽԽȻһжܲ⣬ȴǴ˿Ψһܹ˵ͨĵ
ȻҪȥɽǣ˵ʵԸһƷޣаջܣҾͺܳˣھƷޡǿ϶Ը˵ġ˷ЩԾĵ
ҲԸˣǱȥΪ𡭡ڲǷҪˣǾ㱨ȥҲֻ֤ǵܡƷǿ϶Ҫ̸һЩʲô飬Ҫңڵʿ۵ĻֱƻӡܹЩˡﵥƽĵҴһʵǿȥɣҪһزϱ档
졣˷ﲻָָﵥıӣˣֻ˽ӴĲı߾ߵָңҪȥҲȥ
УȥսҸߣҲһЩﵥһڴӦ
СӲǸװɡ
˷Цһ䣬Ȼ˿㡣
Ҹȥ硣
ˣҪһëƵôҡ˷ҡҡͷҿʹҵĸױȥн˵УСڽͦ찡Ʒ۷ˣθȥ棬˵ͻƵƷء
нͿ˵жһۣЦŴӦҲ֪˷ȥ¿϶Ҫߣ˵нḻнܾḻֻҪһ㣬ҲʲôΣա
ʵǿٽһˣǸСӡ˷°͹˵һ䡣



99 
ʲôҼǵһƷΪɣһƷĸױƷ˵ƷԮһһƷļһʲôãﵥЩֵʣԷӡͣǸһƷʿϡ
ܹȫӪʵһӪ޵ЧﵥԷӡһˣѾٵĴӶƷΪӵƷҲһƷĽȴһƷʵϣﵥԷʧȥȤҪǣּʿûƹ㡭
ﵥ˵ҪӵĹһЩڵķСû̫ġ
˷ǺٺٵЦͲ֪˰ɣǰһβǽҿʱѾӵ˶ƷΪ
ʲô
нͿ˵ͬʱǿ֪ʲôʱ뿪ԺģǰҲ˵һ뿪ԺһƷΪ
ȴûоУǽ
ƷƺҲﵥϸϸ˼һ£Ȼ
ˣƷΪƷսˣǼصķǰһƷΪʱ򣬾ܹôʿܹչֳӽƷʿʵƷˣҲܹɸǼ˵ܹչֳƷʿʱЩƷ޷裬Ҳеֵɡ˷ʼ֮
ԭǴ⡭ܹһսﵥٶȵͷһ£Ȼ̧ͷȻ
Ǵͼ˷һͬǰȥģǽɲȱͳ죬ͼ˷֮䣬ֻȥһ
ţ͸Źص˷˷ͷⲻȥԼá
һ½ţûԼĸ硣
źŹصʱ֪شŹͳ죬ȥѰҷѾȥɽˣ֮£һͳԳǰɽȥѰҷ
޼ҵͳ죬ںɽڶҵʱ򣬷ںһȺ޶񶷡
һͷƷĻɰԼͷƷΧŷɰǿͷͬʱϵĴӿһĴߣӾ͸һ£ͬʱķҲڲϵĶԷչ
ƷȺĿ֮໥֮ദʱ䲻̣ҲĬһȺսɱͷƷֲȥ
ΧʮͷƷޣÿڿնܵʱǶͬʱԼķȵȥ
ƺúܿ࣬˫۳⽣һУһȴڶԷ಻Ľкѹض˵
ͳ첢ûмų֣Ҳ뿴һ·ôԸһȺġնƷϵĲϣȻǣжԸһȺķ
ȻûôͳȴãսŵϿգһóԾ
͵̧ͷͳͿսϿգһ˸žɫʵĴӡڿУһɫˮӴӡ·֣ޱѸٵֱӺ˻ɰͷ
ˮ˻һȻûɰȴҲʱסж˫һͻȻ䳤ޱȿݵֱӶͷڿзʺ
ҽʱ򣬷Ѿ⣬ȫѸٵ˷УһΣͬʱʮӰͬʱһ֣ͽʮͷƷ޵ͷ­һ飡
ÿٶȡԴͳƷΪȻóղſɲʲôֻٶ̫죬Ȼʮ£ʮͬʱһ㡭
ֻһ˲䣬ߵİ־˸һɶѳĻɰҲһ˿⣬׼תܣһӡٶȵĹâ಻ϵˮӴ˻ɰϣһ˿һ˿ĥȥķ
ͳ찵ͷƷȷʵȽԶԸȻռƣȴҲǶʱܹɱɰģܹһ㣬Ҳ֤ƽʱɼʵԡ
ȻѾԼҪĶͳҲϻһΣͳ˻ɰǰһȥ̩֮ɽһѹ£ɰѹ˸顣
Ʒֳ֣Ȼǲͬ졣
ȴƲƲ죺ͳ죬һ£Ǵʮְ
ͳ֣ͷƷȻҲǷɵˣоŹǷǳǳܻӭġ
ͳȻһ㣬ʮ֣Ȼбͳٺ»ΪϡڶҪ㣬ΪЧһΪ㲹ʮƷʯʮһƷһٽֲ㲻ʧΣ
ôõ飿ҾҸɸʡЦ
Ҳ㣬ȷʵͷѾָҪ㣬ͬʱϣ֧Ԯһӵܹͬǰȥһһȥͳ
Ұɣڶ䡣
ιֵܣ˵̫˰޴ҡʩʩȻĴӴͳ˳λҲҪٹ˽ҪŹڣң˭ֻ֮£˵ǰҲͻҿƷʿˣһġ
ӴҲͻ˰ϲϲԴҹ˹֣ͳ죬ȥĶָҪҵģǲǽɣ
µòǴļ˷ͳָȥġͳͷȻתصŹ֮ͨȥǱȻ˽Ӧǵġ
ҲЦݣͷһͬӦ
Ͼһȣһ£ӾģҲֻһ³ǾǾ͵ظɱ
дͳ·Ȼȥúܿ졪Ź֮󣬷ǩһʱ֮ͬ󣬾ͺʹһ̤ͬǰǽĴ
ĹâɢȥʱϤĲǽ˷ǰ
ҡȣĿŸߴɵĲǽҪ֪أǽø߹ʮɣֻа˴ܹʮɵĳǽС壬ʮɣǣ߶ʮɣΣʮɣǣҲֻ޽ʮʮɸߵĻǽֻжĹذܹ޽ĸ߶ȡ
ǽԽߣշЧԽá
׳ۡĵŹΪڱȽϿڵĹذҲߴʮɶѣɵĳǽڴ˵ǵһμ
ҲЩ㱣ϴοǽʱԼֻһһƷʿڣѾƷ۷壬볤ڣֻһ֮ң
ҲڻеʱߵĴ޴ӣȴһèŻᷢĽ
ۣŮ
ſˮͳһɿǸһɫȹͬɽоһŮ˹ȥŮãСմޣǴ޼ҵӣ彡òˣ޲Ⱥã֪Ƿ˻ԼӿδȢһѰٹһΪ;ϵѽ
ੲݵҪԼݵʱһߴһԲͬʱߣûеκζͬͭɵĿ˵Ѿסļ򣬶һЦݵнЦеĵ٣ֵܣҿüĿģҲˣǵġ
˵ҾͱƷʿһߣ޵ֿ
ߵĴҷתͷҪһĿеŮȴĿɿڴķ֣Ǹ˫Ůӻߵ˷ǰͷŷȻ΢΢ǰһ壬ԼͷĿ˷ļϡ
ġСӣӿϵŮ˶ʲô
޴ﰧ̾š


100 ǵĴ
ֻǷֿ˼òӣԺӻءļ磬Ц
¶ԵЦݡԺӻأζʲôԺʱȻһ֣Ӫ׳ɳһ꣬ȴûбʾʲôҲΪֻһƷΪڼͻͽ֮Լ̫Զ㲻ֻ֪֪㷽ΪѾĸС磬ȴΪһ˲ˡ
ֻļΪķͼһ֮ͬΪ弶Ϊļ磬ڽԺ֮ڷӪʵձƫ£ǷǳΪһ壬ɭֻѹ˵Ļ֣÷Ӫ˵ʵõߵһУ֤˲
ҲΪһʱﲢû̫ĽСȴᣬӪҲᡣ
ڷԺ֮ǰֻһȺɢ£ڼļз棬ֻõĲ࣬ĵطҲû˺ãûЩ˵ļأԺǿһУĻ֣õλã֮ǰӷӪҵѧԱǣҪôԺҪôڶĸҪְְ뿪һѧԱҲֲһѧԱӪڵĹģɱˡ
ΨһͬǣӪѾԺǷǴµĻ
ʱٿƺûʲô仯Ȼڼ㿴ȴޱȵİΪʵ뿪Ժ֮ǺԺ˼ͳȺ۵ƣȴ˼ź׺
ԺƣǽڷӪϵģڵţǽʵϵġ
һ뿪Ժˣ뿪˷ļ΢һ䡣
ҶѡΣصµǰʲôɣЦ
ǵġ˵ͷȻΣҲҪһȥ
нͿ˵ͬʱһ㶡
֮ǰ˷û˵ҪһȥƷʿʵ˷Ҳٲ˸ֵĴڣĸױȫƷˣڼȴ˵
ͷ۵ģӦǼ˷ɡ
нͿ˵ͬʱһ˼˷
ҿ㣬Ȼ󿴿ߵнͿ˵Уǵı͡
ȻǴ޼ҵĹӣȻھУǿΪһƷʿڳĸΨһһƷһķǲˡ
޴ү롣
ôˡӣ治ȥ
˷ͳԼӪⲽˣˣıþҲҪСһǰȥ
Ǿ˵ȥͲȥ˷֮°ڳͳļӡ
ҲܣҪȥȻĻߺߣҿЩҪɩӵģĳصĳλòŮޡЦһͷСꡣ
˷סˣȻ󷢳һֽУ㡭ô֪ģ㡭㣬ôܹвң˭ģ
һ߹ֽУ˷һߺۿŷҪˡ
ûϵЦá
գԼõ֮£սϴηļ˷ͳˣͬ˼ҲСӡ
εĶԼĸױҡ㡢нͿ˵ʮ˵С֮󣬼˷˻֣˶ȥ˷
Դ˼Ҳе㲻ղѾѸŵӶˣʱôҲҪһӣǼҲһԸ뿪˼˷Ӫʡ
ûнˣƷ˷´˷һۣ
˷ȻҪߵö࣬ȻɣһֱܹչֳƷǿʵԾ㼧ƷΪҲֻܿó֮ǰͻƣͻһС绹С磬ȴҲǿģ˷һ֮£ȴҲһЩߣϾһμʱ򣬷Ѿӵ˶Ʒľ磬ͻƣȻƷˡ
ǵģһͻƣƷʵ˵ͷ
˷ﳤһʵҲͬ⼧ǰȥԭֻܴճһӢСǰСھƷǰģǷʵ͹һӡܹɶԪһƷôǳɹӱŭľƷѵļֻ˺ܶࡣ
ǼܹʲôԪ˷Щһ䣬ȷʵӴֺϵһ˵ˣҲ
룬ͻƵƷһӡûüƣҪ֪һӡҪƵԼƷӦĵزҲҪķѺܳʱ䣬ˮĥһһĥģδӶƷƷʱȽϳڼ䷽ҲһһƹһӡûеȫƳɹĵز
ԹһӡܹӳģʵҲֻкͶƷ۷ķͬˮ׼
㹻ʱĻܹɿԺƷʿȫһȵԪɡ֮ش
͹ˡ
˷һ°ƣһϲɫԷָֻǼصķܹڶʱչֳսĻһЩĴ𰸻ҪãƷʿȫһǾƷ޿Ҳֻʱܣ
ϾƷʿ̤ңڵʿ;Ʒޣһȼģûܹͬȼֵȫһܲ㲻Ӳһµġ
һ°֮󣬼˷ƶ࣬¾ͽԼﵥķһһʮ˵˷ʵδػʲôΣգϾЩܴǿսģǷʲôҪǽһ£ȥأҲΪǶʶһ£ͬʱҲֺܵ͹˵ȥڳҲһʱ
˷˵úܴΪһʿĹȣڳҲͬǿʵ˵ģܹΪ壬ĿɲĵλΪӵޱǿʵ
ԶԼöԷĺøУ˷֪Ҳûȥ赲һҪȻٲѪҺĺֹȻҪҲҪϵպ֣˵ˣҵŮܲܺͱͨ飿׽лκǵĸʣһЩʿҲ֪ġ
ǹҲҪ˵ģʵһĶȻǸƽȴѧԺѧϰˣԼҲ㹻ҵ֮ȥ߾һЩȻȥһ˵ͻһ
˷ԼãȻҲԷҪ࿴һЩ
ȻڶȴԽԽľ
ԼʱӺɽӳʱ򣬿ǸܵģǾǾƷ޲ܹð֮ǰϾ͸ܹʱ֪ΪʲôЩ޲û׷ԼҲôȥˣȻڿǹȥˣЩޣַѰԼ
֪㼧˷ûнԼһȥȥ֮Ҳ֪ԼȥɽȻһͷƷʧˣˮһӣƷɣҪ󡪡ǵͬ飡
ͼ٣ǶںκһͷƷޣܹܵ𺦣ΪһȥһͷģҲˡ
ʦǶļҲὫ׳ȥƽϢǵŭγ˫ҵĶ
ǣʧϵԼܺǸ鶴ܣԼܹ˵ȥ
ӣԼһⰡԼȥɽζ϶ǱЩǼסˣǵ츳ܣԼҲǵġ
ôԼҪβܱܿأϣ


101 
һӵĿɬӼ˷Ӫˣںɽһʱ䣬ǽʱѾ磬ʱҲʱˣڳȥɽȻһõѡСӵʵжٶȣһʱܹɽҲҪںɽڹҹ
Լ˷ﲢûھͳǾǽȵڶ֮һͬ
£нǿʼŷӪפȥ󲿷ֶˣҲһǽżˣ֣ȴδؼ
ȴһˡ
֣Ҳ˷Ӫ𣿡
ǰǸɰʤѩһĵˣ΢Ц
Ȼġһ֮ûʲô仯˵ǱȽϵùģΪħϮڴ˺ͷͬһԺһȻҲúܿ̿࣬ȴ缧ԺнԴЧӳÿ죬һʵĸС磬˿̿࣬ȴҲֻС磬ǶƷʿ
·;Ͼôпᣬһԭͼ㲢ģھѾԶˣԤǣ˵ʵﵽԼ֮ǰľ磬ҪһֱȼһЩ
Դȴû̫ıԹһ˵ˣͬͬʿ˺ĳɾԶҲʲô̫ϡ顣
㹫Ѿ˦ôԶŬһĻҪԶ˰ֶô죬Ҳء̾
нٺٵЦĽǱȽģƷΪǰѾǷǳˣֲ֪ԼܲڱҵǰͻƵƷýԺʸѧԱѾǰﵽĿ꣬ҵһ֧ҵĵλҲˮǴߡ
ͲҪ˵Щˣһͬȥ֮Ҫλʱֱ𡭡һıҵգһصԺΪ뿪λеģ
˵ûǽգ飡˵дʵϺͷӪ⼸쵼ƽνǼ͵ģȴںѾǺнһĳΪ˼ұۣȻֻѧԺĵλѧԺҲڽĳž޴İ
ΪԭƽѧԱѾΪԼĹˡ
˵еĻõ˷ӪѧԱǵһͬ⣬ƴ˵Ĵ˳ϸֳʳڷӪӪڣչһޱҵĴᡣ
˰л˷︧ԼµĶ룬顱Цŵ
Աߵﵥ˷ۣСӣͱԼСˣҲǶʮͷϳһ㣬ȻԼǰװˡ
߶ǣҲ죡˼ǰȥӦӪ֮⣬ոճĸӪ⻶죡˯ͷףɳھЧһġʱ䣬Ҳǹÿˡ˷ͷﵥ
ﵥ˵ͷ˷˵ĵҲȷʵ࣬ڳĽʿǶҪͨ˯ɳھ޷ʱսɱϵľ飬ȻˣǿʹһǹøһЩ
һҹڿйȥˡ
񻶽Ľʿǣ̤Ϸصʱ򣬼˷ѾһĲ£ԼĸͬµױԼˣװ
жͬСɣҪǺɽأҲĵطǴޣǴùģֻɱҲûʲôҪȥ¡ڼЩƷ޵ʱǲҪ˵
˷ǳĶԾŸ˵㲻Ĺ˹ӣһ䣺㣬ӣɲȥǼĿµޡ޺ʿ̫һҲ㱻ʲô޸ϣȻĻľǶ޵սˡ
ƲƲ죬˵ˡ
ɣһ㣬Ҫĸϵɽȡʱ䡭ҹ֮ЩǾͻԵøӵĿˡ˷
и⣬Ҷ˵ҹ޻չֳսǳǽЩޣҹʱҲûֹͣǵĳûչֳʲôǿʵʵ
Ǳ߱˵
˷ﲻٷϻһ֣ʮСӿʼ뿪ǲֱӴɭ뿪ģΪʱ̶޴Ӻɽǰɽɱɭڣɭڵܶȿɽܼģǳ̣ȳɭ֣Ǿͻᱻˡ
ͨȵŹأȻٴŹسһɽɽǰȻ΢ԶһЩû̫·˵Ľ̳̣ǵͲʲô
һǰ˷һ߽ͣԭܼ򵥣ǽŹơûеפأÿʮʱǵƻͨ𣿾ΪĹƣеʱ򶼱ֺͰһĹޱϾеĹߵ֮£Ҳֻڰʵķܵ޴Ӱ졣
ԭ˵ͷһ޴ķϵԸ޶˼ǵõˮ©Ըʿʱ򣬻иܵĿǰɣ
ʱȴһ⡣
ȻҪŹ߳ôΪʲôҪҺͷеǽȻͨصŹأⲻǶһ𣿡
˷һ£÷һԼӪĻǣ˵ҲǵҪȥʱ仹ĵ𣬵ǡҪôԴҽ͡
һߵ˶໥ϤֻԼһİ˵¶ԵóĬһ㣬޴ȴƺ֪ĬΪ
ɣô⣡˷شһȻҲͷǰȥ
һ߸ܣһ߻ੲݵ˵ţȻС£ҲԴ˷ѰǹҵĻѾʼӷ׺͹ɲʲôѽ
нͿ˵з˿ƲסЦ˷޲ðСӵ˺ˣһûйһͷùƷǰ˷һһ޴Ľг֣ޱȰԵĵͷһֱӽͷʵ׵޸ֱأ
ںķһӣһ罫ѪҺ࣬Ȼһһڵͱ׽Уţͷ޾ͱپ׵ĸ˸ɾƤǡǣõĶС
ܻƷʯˣллͳ졣˳ְЩӽԼĴȻЦŶԼ˷
СӣôˣҼǵǰİ˷ֵĻͷһۣǰڲǽʱЩҲֵܻģҪҪҲûζ״ģ϶ѧԱһƽ֣ôͳˣ
ЦǰǹһԼԸֵҩʯҲ̫ھͲһˣһָԼԷأ鶴ҪԴԴϵɳǰԼȡˣڽԴһ꣬úõĲһ£ԼҲͻƵƷΪٶ½ô࣬ͻƵƷôʱ䣬ȻҪϸһЩ
ιͷƷ޵Ľǣɲȥְ
һҪ𣿡бؿ˴һۣйƤһûˡڷĻѾͻǧأֵٶȻһЩҲŸոһǧֳͷպֻһ롪Ҫһ治ںСֶΡ
ˣǰǵɽˣڴҲҪⱼˣǼһͬʱǰԶֵ£˷


102 ǰ
СӣʵĴңڵڶɽҲܹúֻҪĵȥһƷ޵Ⱥڵڶɽߣǰɽ˷ҲûвʲôͣóٶȣȻǸ˱־ǰ̾ˡ
һƷƷƷƷһСӵʵһĻͿԺɨǰɽˣﻹСЦ
ɽ֮ȻͲǰɽʵҲƷʵ߰Ʒ洦ɼ޾Ͳнǿ׶Ը˵ģȥɽҲǿȺ˵Э
õǣڸղŵıУ˷е˱ܶеķҲˣܵǴңϾʿⷽҪԿһЩܶУķǲģȫٱܵϮģнӵսӲһ㡣
ڽɽ֮ǰ˷ﰲһ͡
Ϳ˵дͷٶȶ˵ˣһӡͷͻϮ˵Ҳһó񶷵ĺ֣־²ڼ˷⼸ս֮£ڷҲܹ
ױһĻǶƷΪḻ㲢ѡ
˷ԶϺ󣬷ֹ޴ϮǰַͿ˵жԸ˵޵ʱҪһʱȥɱ֣СӵİȫԼ˷Ʒ۷ΪǰƷޣҲᱻնڽ£ֻҪķһʱѡ
мǼ㡢нʹˣսףǼ˷ﻹӵģҼ㻹ǸóԶĽǽ񶷣нʹҡʲôһ˼ܾˣ˱ܰעȫķڱ档
Сӿʼٶǰһӡǰ̽·˵ҲóԼıһѪɫâĻֶС
һӡǰɣں棬˵ǽĸڷߣʱ׼б
ôš
ſ˵ЩŵӣһһЦڼЩƷ֮ǰǰȫġƷƷ޻Ϯǣʱֵһ£һõġ
ţֻҪʱֵһ£Ҿæļ˷
Ҫȥæ˰ƷϮأһһʡ
ȶŰɡ˷û˵һ䡣
ͷ˵ˡ
Ⱥ˼ٶǷǳģϾ͵ĴҲƷʵ˴ϿոĻһŻɵӰԾ׵ĸзǰ
ǰʮ֮ǿʼһͷ֪·ޡ
һͷƷĻβЫХһӲг˳ûֱӳǰǴӲ˹ò˵ķͷ޻пǵģֱӴб߳˹˷ױصһܹƵĻôֱܹӳչɱ
ܹܵΧŵǼˣʵҪԲһЩ
βЫżХҺн¶һ˿ŵɫȴƺûʲôױɫƺûпͷβЫһ㡣
βЫ˳ٶȺܿ죬˳ĹУиðһɫĶҺԷûʲôӦѾǱŻ˰ɣβЫûжԽĴš
ڴɫĶĻβЫҪӽʱױ
һױһţһ˹ȥŶøɸɾͬʱ֣սѵĺ֮ϡ
һױȻͣת
ĵ⣬ն˻βЫ壬ڻβЫһֽУһͷССԪѳͼܵʱױֳһβЫԪҲһ飡
һУֻױһգ۵ʱ䣬ȻѾ˦ʮɵľ룬ȴѸٵļ٣ܿ͸˴ӡ
ɵò˷ﵭ˵һ䡣
нʹһһ߾Ŀ˶ԷһۣȻǴӵܣСܵѵԲ٣ûб߾ЩʿӵɽѪɱǹɱ
ͷβЫƷޣһͨƷʿԿδػô죬Ȼױʱ˲չֳɱķ֮½˲٣һ˲䣬ͱƷľʿɱ
оȷʵЩĴӵܹġ
ֻҲйʿͶʮ꣬Ǿ׳֮꣬ҲûʲôˣǣȴĿԡ
һ·ûԼΣҲ֪жŷҪСһÿȻǰٶ̫죬Ʒµ޼޷ǵĶûеȵ£ܹǷģҲֻƷͰƷ޲
ǰҲ鷳
һͷƷȸͷֱ˷չֳͿ˵·ʵģ֮ǰĻβЫûܸϵǰ棬ڲײ壬ͷȸƺҪ˵öࡣ

ȸͷʱСС˫Уǿҵ˷Ϳ˵СδҪֱӾɵСӣֹһ¶Էǰٶȣ˷˹޾ܹѸٵγɺΧ
ûȥ赲ڷǰ÷չ˹
ûá
һӡɹâһɺصԪס˷ǰгƬԪֵʧȥٶȻӿ죬ѸٵͨƬ
˵еٶȣҲ
ȸԭΪƬҲܹ赲Էһ£ԷͬʱǰûκηӦʱ򣬷¶һЦݣ˫ͬʱðŨԪץסȸĳ
ȸԭĳȻóմȾĳ򣬾㻹ܷ裬Ҳǰһɵô鶯
ȸѵʱ򣬹һӡѾͷصĽӿд
һµĳޱȳصͬԪȸһҽУŵķԪһ̼
صʱ򣬿˵ͬһͷӰĳ˳ȥ
֣
һȸĸͱ˽ȥȸķѾɢ˴룬˵һ׼ͱȸ֮׵Ļȸķ
˵һ˲ͱʮ˵ȸԪ壬˷飡
һƣȸѪ˳ȥһȺ˽Ų˿ͣͨǰ
׼Ǹӡ
ںļ˷̾һȻó˵еΪҲرǿȻֶԵʱĺݾͶʱİգȴǷǳǿʿսϣضҲһѺ֡
ѧԺ֮ǰҵҲΪӶڱ߾ϳɱ˵лͷЦ
ԭˡ˷˵ͷ˵г־һɽ緶˾һʼͽѧԺѧԱźܴĲͬʵҲˣ˱߾УôҲܵСͷĿ
ʿʵǶеɲ֡
΢΢ЦЦԿ˵Ͷȥһ񡪡ǰڷӪ˵вô֣Ҳûü˷֪ģϾ˷ע⵽Ӫʲô֣Σ˵Ǻúõıһ£Ժҵ֮˵ͻᱻ˷յ㣬ʱƷʵһӪûκ⡣
˵ȴ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ıǰ̱һǸϣͷӪֵһ𴳵Ҫӵʹ죡
˵ҲʵϺټи齨Լļ壬緽


103 ֻܿԼ
ȺʿĽ£벢⣬ǵٶȣҲֻǰϵ޲ܹ˹Ϯǣ޵ȷʵҲûʲôͷ˻еľٶڻɱͷǰ֮󣬷ͷСѾ뵽֮ǰˮ
⴦ˮɿ֮Ѿص׶ѨˮСӵ˶û⣬˷ҲֻǿһۣȻͼǰΪûвκε֮
ԽˮʱԵޣҲԽԽǿˡ
һͷðѪ⣬֮չѪսǴӿʱ˾֪Ŀ飬ڿʼˡ
ͷѪսչֳŨ֤Ѿﵽ˰Ʒ۷ľƷҲֻʣһ֮ң
СӵʵһͷƷ޲̫ѵ飬ȻͷƷ޲ϵĻ޴˷ӵսǿҲ޾Χֲ֧֮סġ
ƽʱȵֲ֧סʱ˻ͷܣҲδܹסǣȻȴҪﵽɭֵ
õľǣͷƷ޵죬ԶԶľѾ÷ǲˣѾ׼
˷׳ͬһͷͻһĳǰҺнϺְ𣬽㻤м䣬ڼ˷ǰʱ򣬷Ѿȳ֡
˴ԪĹһӡɢҫ۵ĹâеԪתΪϵͻõϵӿֱڿУƲһѪսǡ
ö֮֮ƺ΢΢Ļʹ޽ֵʱϵܹ𵽸õЧҲΪʲô˷ᰲſ˵кͷһͬͷԭ
ӴУһ뺷ӰĬһĽڸ֮¼Ѫսǵͷ­
ѪսһøӵŨˣǰצһͽ˴ɱĿ˵һצӸ˳ȥ
ڿеĿ˵ۼֿ죬еĶ̽ѪսǼצһ£Ȼ˲ŷ˳ȥͬʱһӽצֱཻ֮Ӿͻ˽ȥ
˵ȻϵʿȻĳ֣ȴߵĽд̿͵·ӣ־׼׷һɱ
֪ԼƷΪҪԺлƷ޼ǲܵ飬һʼҪģ˺ƶԷķΪĶѴᡣ
ڻ֮µ˻ֻһӣΨһһνӴֵʵͼ
ڽӴһ˲䣬˵ѾԼȫľעһ֮ϣȫעһ֮УѪս̣Ҳᱻͻڣ
˵Ȼȥˣͳǵͬһһ㣬ѪսǵڿʼԼƻ
Ѫսǰצۣʱӿͻأȫɢ
ɢǼһ𣬻һ⣬ޱѸٵֱѪսǵţ
Ѫսǵצ˵е룬һʱԼ壬צѸٵĻطһѾס˷̶Ľ⣡
Ʒ޵ķӦٶȣȷʵͬ죬ֻһ£ס˷Ľ⣬ҲûҪһܹɵһͷƷޣҪģֻǣסѪսǿǰצѡ
֮𣬷֣ѪսǵצҲǣһߣʱ򣬼˷ڵˡ
˫һϣһޱȾ޴ĳ˼˷Уţ˷͵ͷһ޵۷磬Ѫսǵظ֮˹ȥ
һû˷ɱѾѪսȫ£޷ܿϾƷʿʵͰƷޱҲ˶٣˷ȫһ֮£ѪսҲֵֻ޷ӱܣ
Ѫսһԭչ˫˻Լظ֮䡪Ѫսĵط
Ȼһ˼˷ȫǲִ֮µѪսֵܹģ
һޱĲҽдѪսдë裬Ѫսǵ˫ᣬһ֮ͱ÷飬ظ֮䣬Ҳһޱ˿ڣ
һȻûܹѪսǳ׵ĻɱȴҲܵش
䣬˲ļ½֣ʱ䲢ȴѾشͷѪսǣʱСҲѾƶѪսߣ߸ˣͬʱ֣
ױʽн̣ҵضܣټϼٻ쳤٣ѾͬʱصĻѾشѪսϣ
һѪѪսǷ˷Ϳ˵еľȻ׼˵ߡԷʮ˶Ѿ֣ôҲһ˲Ļ壬ѪսһѾ˴ҲҺǴսúõ
һ̣ޱȵĺڣһˣüʮƷ֮µǲҶֵģͬΪƷ޻᲻Լ鷳Ҫ֪֮໥ɶԷҲܹѸԼʵģһͷ˵İƷޣĵ˲࣬ͬడ
ȻܿģͲҪΪ鷳ˡ
˷Сӣһ˲ȷʵ֣ȻҪٴγֻ֣Ҫһѡ
ڿеĹһӡѪս׼뿪ʱѾϢѪսǵͷȻźХصѹ
ѪսǵУ¶˾Ĺâ
һ·ϣڲϵĸһӡԪ֮ǰֻǵеһֶѣڹһӡſɱƷʿѹѾǿ֮ĩѪս˵ѹյһݡ
һҽУѪսǱһӡͷѹ£ޱȳصʹ˲γϵǿԪͬʱǿѹѾܵشѪսǵ壬˲ѿ
ʱļ˷Ǹһ
ѪսǲִӳԪ񣬱˷һʳ˷飬׵ʧ֮䣡
ǰ
˷յȻ
һʱ䣬Ҷû˵ղŵսȻֻж̶̼˲ȴķ˴㹻ľϾ£ΧҲҪ̵ʱܸɵһͷƷޣܹɵǣСӵгԱһͻȻ͸֧ʽսҲҪúõĻظһ¡
Ӿгֲĵҩǲ⣬һһ߷ʳҩظսҲǺܿ顣
Сӣʵǲˣʽ棬ǳ㡣
ܿģ˷Ϳʼָˣʮ棬˷Ϳ˵У˶ǳ壬ҴѧҪѧԺڵʽѧҪǿˣ˷ױǳУȻԼһ״УѧϰģҲʺԼѧϾдڵ壬ս
ֻп˵УҰ·ӳսʽԼɳģ͸ӵҰ·ӣڽ϶ûô
սڴսϣ˵ͶԿǲļҴѧġȤȥ֮ҸЩɵսĵãػŲСİ˷
лͳ졣˵жԼ˷ʩһ񣬺Ȼǣ˷ΪһˣͿ˵УĴǼ˷˵ĵãƻкͼĹأҲѵõˡ
ƲƲ죬Ҳ֪粻˵ԷʲôǷսʽκ̵ܽģҪ˵֣ѧԺԺǴ½۷ĸ֣ʲôѧ̸ܽǷһѼľ޵⣬ܴڵģ޷ͻսķʽԼѧֻܿԼ
΢΢һЦû˵ʲôһ㣬ˣɴ½ԼһϵȴƫƫǳϵǸˣһУֻܿԼŬǷƣǶԵеֶΣֻܿԼ죬ĶԵֶΣҲ޷ѧϰġ


104 
ڻɱͷƷѪս֮ɽƺܵ壬ϾͷƷ֮⣬ƷѾǺɽڵ۷壬ͷѪսҲԶȴڶʱھͱȺ˸ɱˣ޾ûԼǣҲɵӣ»ɵĳȥ
ǣڽ·;У˼ͷùûܼʱ㿪ޱնɱ֮⣬ûв۵ǰĵ·ˡҲܲȺƺɱǵģҲȥ
£ǰٶȾԵúܿˣһ㲻ʱ֮󣬷ͣ˽ŲСӣҲͣ
ǰҲһƬƬ֣ʮߵͲһɽͷһɽͷһͷƷ޾סĵطǾ
⴦ɽǺɽ¶˵ǽأƷΪѾ޷Ĵڣ޿ûʲôϧģǾסطޣҲֻбնɱ
˷ǰ˼Сǰ棬Ȼλ²ǽͳ켧˷ǰΰݣ
ƷʿΪһɽ
δһ͵˹ͳǰǸʲôԡ
н˶ɵ̿һȴκζīˮ
Ȼģһֺװʲô˹ġҿǻǰɣǰʮǣ
Ͱţǰɽ壬Ԥ׵ĿʼŲһһ࣬ǰ¶һ·
˷һɽǴ˵гԽƷʿܹ飬ھƷ˵Ǿסɽͷһһ㵹Ǻϡ棬ȻԼСӽȥ֮󣬺·ضϣƺҲǺʵ顭
Ȼĵزǵɽ𺣣Ҳôһ

˷Ȼȳ¶ɽ·˹ȥױϣŸϵģǷ㡢н˵кʹҡ
ʮʿɵСӣ̤˾Ʒǵľۼء
߽·֮ɽͷֿʼ¡¡ƶһֱȫ·Ϊֹ
һͷ˿˶ݵı飬ҧҧҲȥ
ס·ǵб˽ǣẦ˰ɣ
Ǹֺһ˿Ϸʡ
ҪǣֶΡ˷̬Ļش
ͳȻҵȵԵСءǰȴͳʿĴݹ١
ǸҲٴдżֵ⣬ƺǶԼ˵¡ֺһ
սѾȫʧ˷׷׼˶ݹ⣬Ҳֻһ˲ѡ
һ·϶ǳĻ̲סһ䣺ѧΪξƷǾסĵط˻ﲢʺκ
Ҳ׷׵ͷȻҲͬʡ
ΪеԴǾסɽͷ֮ϡ˷ﵹеĹؼԸôˡǾסɽͷҪһԴɽͷǵľҲܹЯСռ䣬κζǵ˽սʱҲܹΪǵķʿǵ鷳ԸеԴһͬҲᱻǵõԶ벢ǲЩޣҲûһ㣬ֻûκεѡ
ȻĵͷЩѧԱ˵֪飬кܶࡣ
Ҫ˽øһЩѹϢʧ֮󣬾ͻƷ޹̽飬޴˽ҲǺܾˣûкƷ޴һҲΪ޷ˮڵĳƶİɣ
ƷޱȷʵǱȽҵģѹԸԼأȻʧȥӵеĶȻʵһһʴȴ˿õν̣ȻʧȥʴȴҲӵԼƸĻᡣ
ľ룬û೤ʱȺʿķ֮¶ȹˣͨĵ·һƽԭ̲Ĳݵϣʮòġˡۼһ̸ʲô
˷ԶԶľͰԼĶݹ⣬Ȼһͬ˹ȥȻ˷ʲô˶öˣȴϾǴʿңʿЩжĴڣҲɵøеһЩš
ӭͳ졣
һĸߴȴһţͷĴӭʱ˵һ䣬˸ĶɽûҵȶǴֱ֮ˣ֪ǣʧ֮Ͷຣ
λܹ棬κǶû塣˷ǻһ񣺡䡣
ţͷЦҰС䣬ڽƷ֮λеҲ˸ƺţ
ΪˮţλˮţܹͨΪҲǼΪ
ܿľʹż˷УڳʮˣţҲʲôɾóʲôϵķϣҲǱһ
Ȼ廯ΪΣͷȴűɫԶԶȥһȺ˶ŸͷҲԵΪΥ͡
֮ǰֺǺǻ޷Ժ̤ѩ˾ʳ¹ɽȵȣܺңʿĶ
ƺ׼ʹߣȻԼ˿׼ĶǺܼª޷ľƴ˴յΣټľаڷŵһЩˮȻ˭ҲΪ˳ԶģȻ⡣
ֱ£˷ʮһ֮Եһ£ȻǵӣҲ̫Ӧš
֪Ǽ٣кηԸ
˷Ҳûзϻֱ˵˳ûǴǱϾףкǴĶʿΪ٣ǣȴҲޱɫֱֱȥʻǵθڡ
ֵǰȻ󶼿ӿڲ˵ƺе̳򽻵ǽ
׽˼£еĹȥȻŵͳȻҲΪЩ˵ԭ򡣡
ǵģҲλܹǴźŵΨһʽ˷ǴиֵģȻǺöǳ죬Ǽĳε飬ǰλĽ̻塣
˴Ĵָ޵û֮ǧö죬ܹôʱңӣҵҲǷǳ㡭ͳ죬Ƿ֪ж٣
ʮ˷˵ͷ鱨ȻޱȵնΪβڣ
裬ƺΪ

һֱƺޱȺЦŵͻȻЦ⣬ҲҵҪʼͳģ
Ըꡣ˷֪¶ǳڶˣǣȷʵ֪
Ѿа꣬ûµˣʮҲ໥֮乲˺ܾãͳҲ֪ϰ߶ҲûоסںɽУڵɽһطҵǲôҲҵȺһӣ飬ҵ顣
˫Ҳ֪ġ˷ﲻɫ˳Ļ˵ȥ
һǰҵͻȻڵɽУϢʧˣʱǰȥ̽ģɽܡλȥֶ֮סĶѾȫɃ󣬶Ҳʧ٣ɽȴڶŵʿϢ


105 Ѳ˹ϵ
һȳԾ
ٵʼòƵǰʮʿ˷ɫҲ΢΢ıһ¡һʧ٣Զ˵Ҳһ£
𿴴˴ֻʮƷʵϣƷУӵľؾʮӵֻһصѣУȺɽҪ˺ü٣ܹңʿж٣ϵĶңʿ޷ǾѧԺһˣԺһˣһа˾ţҲֻңڵʿҪ޺ʿȫԿ㶫ջܹʤҲضԪˡ
һֱĺƽڲϵĳʵŶʵ˷֪ңʿֻϵˣҲһɲɺӵʵ
οɴ½ˣ໥֮䱧ŵ÷ǳ½أޱļһ
飬Ҫ
𣿡˷ʳôһ仰
ǶϢпܡһţ۵ͳ죬Ӧ֪Ƕôص顭һ䣬ڴûз飡ֻôʮˣȻɴ½ǵĻҲûһôǱضưոݣ
˷ɫѿˣĻûʲôȻʵĵһֱúܹ޲ϵȥΪ˱֤Լ治ܵ𺦣ڣһĪˣ᲻
鲻ǿ϶ưոݡ
οڶʧĵطʿϢ͸ӵĸˣǶɵӣ򵥵뷨ǡʿҪˣǵһôͲһ
һ˲䣬˷֪ⲻԼܹ顪һƷʿûֵһʧȥ
飬ҪرԼѧԺЩĴ̽飬Ǻǽ棬ҲгС
ˡλҲӦǽûһʹʧĸذеפ־ܹɱһͷҲԲϢҲ飬Ⲣܹ飬һʵϱң£һһˮʯ
˼˷ĻǷ׷׵ͷʵҪľɽĶǶ٣Ҳʮʿܿ£ȻȴһңڵʿûУܹɱҲϢĵزǸĸ֪ߵغĲңڵʿ͵Ϯ˶ܹ鵽ˣȻ󽻳Ļô¾ܹƽϢ
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ЦĿ⣬һŨҵľð˳ĺͷʶ˼£̳ȴƺһʧ֣̳ˤ˵ϣˤ˸飡
¶۵ıʱĴХʣµʮȫ˳


109 թ
ʮйɽһɽһƬأ̶һ㣬ȻƬϣȴܹеľס
ףͷɴ½Ͼ󲿷ƽʳõͨûʲô𣬶ʿ˵ǺôȻ׵ļ۸ȴԶһͨԭΪڵزľƣֻпײܹ
־ƣŨζƳʿҲ֮ͣԾʿǰȥԷףֻܹøľơ£ƲȫΪʿǵ֮һ
רһְʿÿȥĲƵĺòϵĵط÷쵱еĺþơʿеܡ
ڷʧִƵ̳ʮľƣԼֵ嵤ʮöҲ˵ľһǧ̳ܶһƷʯڴ󲿷ͨʿ˵ҪŪôһ̳Ҳ̫׵顭
Ȼͨ죬ʿɵܵȷ棬ȷʵһͨʿ
ΧŵĻǣѽһȻŵ˼˸λǱޣСӷʵǹⲻȥ
ʲôǱޣƽʱҲ¡Сӣʲôô㣡
ɽĵ촽Ӷ޲ҪȥҺҲ޳ܹĳ̶ֳסܣѾȥˡ
ǿһǸֶ㻹𣿡
УôûС
ˬĵʹӴһ̳һ̳ţЯľƿɲ٣Σʮ̳ùһһ̳
С˼͵СТλġ
û˵꣬ͷԼͼѾȦӣʮһӵϣʼ
ȻǷĺǵĴ
ܣȻ̳
бҲϾҵģ
쵰浱㰡
ż㣬ԶԶ˿ȥʮƷŭ֮ѾƴǻԭأѾըɷĩˡ
ûǸ
ЩµʣúõģԵ޹ʵˤһ̳ӾƣѾ뿪ʮ˹
֪ΪƾܹҲãϲȵĻǵǸȫؿڣµ˵
ȻǾͬʱһ죬ʮõĹ⻪صײһȻʮͬʱ˲ҽ
ôôôˣ
æȥʮΪƺͬھʹˡ÷谡һѾǴˣҪǺ˸ϸǻ췴嵽½ִɱɡ
ã˵֮󣬷ֻʮŭ໥ţľˮ̳ӶƳ˷顭
򣬴
һֱԵ߷緶صĽƬˤ˵ϣͷԼͷľˮϵŭݸʢˣºˣƨȲһ
ͷܣҪ̳˭Ȳ
ú˵ָܲ񣬾Ȼóִгҷָ𣿡һԼĴƣһµ
ۿԽ˵ԽҪæ˹ȥŸ첲λĪҪСﻹСٴˣȥСӴٶľҲһСָͷѽ
Ŷ𣿡ԭ۾Ҳͬʱ
˲ˣҪٴ򣡡ĺһ
²һԵİѾȫѵˡҪĻٶƶ̣ģǣһȺСѧһʵʵڷǰŶӣȻʦŶһ̳ӾƣŹԹԵζƷ
ųһͳһС̳Ӿƣż㵽Զ˸طͼһһĺ
ϵȾƣ㵹ǵӴ󡣡
һھƣЦŵ
ʵҪ͸ǵƢҲѶԸ˵ˣǺȾƣɲΪϵġ͵͵Цͼ⼸ԻȫʶݵģҲǻ
Ŷ㻹ʲôʣ֪ǺܶģܰǵϣҲܴˡҪ֪ң֮µʿ˵ǿǻŷɥĴڣ
ôϲƣûȥ򡭡ٺ٣ܣˣ
¶˹Źֵɫѽ뷨ǶƺԺһ⡭ʵǿʿмȥʵʿֵǾۼĵطеѰء
ѽǶҼҴҵģҿҪӷƵأҰˣߺߡһھƵ
ЦֻС⡭ΧǼҲһٶ˵͹ˣôϵҶˣ޷ǾɼȥϵˣֻҪҪǶ취̵ͨġѽǰֻŷЩûԺ⡭ÿҿɶǺܷģЩҩġʯʲôòϣ̣ˣ类ˡ
ʼ򣬶ҵţȻҲô٣Լôһӣ²һ㣬˷յϳȹ¾ûĺˡ
˵һ̳ʮľƣȻǻǵһκȾƣȵһѾƺȹ֮󣬾ƾǾڳڿʼ˴򶷣÷ɳʯͼøԶˡ
ȵƷ跢ˣݵϾ˺˵ǣһĴź࣬ٻſˮ
Ⱥ˾˯ôһ̲ס̾Ϣһ
ıܰˡСʱҲЦ
ֲǶ㿹һ
ЦЦȻҲʲôҲǴӶģҲЪϢˣһҹ޻
ڶѹһ໥ţ췢飬ƺһ㣬Ǵ֣ǳ˼Ĵյ˷ǰǸľƣ𣿡
УǳʹĻش
ӾôһһĹȥˡǺ˾ʹܣ˾˯ӹúܣҲ֣ƺʳûʲôȤóĸʳһžͲˣЩӦʳҲֻǿӾˡ
˵ͷϣ۰Ͱ͵ĵŷƵʱ򣬷ȴ̾һ
ͷľҲ̫ˣÿʮ̳ӵĻҲǹλȵˡȵߵʱ򣬴žͲܸ̫ˡ´Ҳ֪ʲôʱ֮λھƶȲϣҿǡ̫ѹˡ
ͬʱһ㶣֮ǰûô࣬˿̱ôһ˵ҲûȾƴ˯Ҫصǰµȥܣ
ȣǵʱ¸ӡǣܹ˳ͨɽǵøǶ͵ƾˣ˸ð취
Ƿ׷׻ڽкã佱Ǻġ
ȴ¶ΪѵɫСƽʱᰮһЯľҲ٣Щˮֵǲƣһ̳ƣм϶һҪһƷʯСӿֻһͨʿҪΪǹڵҲˣ͵СТλģҪǲϵĸ;ƣСӵĲİ
Ϳʼˡۿţ롣


110 ʺ
ûǮʲôˣ뵱Ӿһͷͨϻһ·պյСӣҪɴ£͵ɽӣĵ
Ц˳㻹ǵ͹Щްɡ
ҿмġͿһȻɽΪʲôǲܳ嵽ȥ
ӵţǴ򲻹Щһɽش
ù𣿡һ䡣
ɽѲòĻȥˣȻϾʱ仹̣ûӡǧĿȣȻǲġ
㶼ûȥ𣿡һ䡣
ưЩƽӦúܺɣСһܴһɽε˵
ҵǿ϶˵ġл廰ˣйأʿҪԵģûʯ͵ҩȥͨϰ˵ֶǵﳤģҪȥģƵĻϰҲԸ˰ɣ
ǿô죬ǿûʯֶûáɽץץԼͷƤ̾˵
ûʯЩɵĵǵɽͷϣҩİʯʲôĻǺܶģͲ֪Щʿûãܲȥơ
һ仰˵ʮͶ˷ͷϲεĲϵĲϹȻܹʯǸõĻЩҩĺͿʯҩܹҩʯܹĲϲģʿǵɽɱֻǸģѰҩĺͿʯʽԴĴͷ
һ׳ģҲҩĺͿʯҩĺͿʯĵط϶ҡѧԺ͸ռݣҺѧԺռʮеİ˳ɣǲ㹻Դĸ֣ͬʱͨԴķеļ壬ܹõĻԤļһչٶȾͻ࣡
ϣʵȻҪ͸ӵҪǾƷϵ۷ʿһ˵Ҳ̫飬ԼʹĲһˡȻϲȴɱ򶨡
¶΢΢Ϊ֮ɫҩĺͿʯõģҪһˣϾҪȥҩ̺ͱʯ֮ȥƣҲʲôˣ϶һԵ㣬۸棬ȻҲҪЩۿˡ
û⡣ؿڣʮ˵ɽͷϣҩĿʯʲôĶòˣûʲôôżмҩģҲûɶãҪöȥã
Ȼͽˣ
Ƿ׷׵ͷҲüЦԺضᶨʱ;ơȻʱͰҩĺͿʯûȥܸһТСҲοĺء
ͷԼ֣ţһƬҫ΢΢ڹͬһӡǳָϣûȷӦѾһָüģӡڷüĴҫһ£Ȼʧˡ
Ժϵɽʱǲ赲ˡҲĻֹ㡭ǰɽʵͨûʲô⣬ͲҪʲôӡˡ
л
ЦɽȥɱҲΪ˻ҩĺͿʯΪǻɱޱӡǣҪɽ͸ˡ
СӣʧйأΪǴƣҲܷŹġ
ʳ¹ͻȻһȻ
ͻȻƺȴ̬΢ЦͶʧйϵ¾Ͳλ;˰ɡ˵ˣһͨƷʿ뵽
ҲòǷվˣʵ̫λܹопܣֻʷѡ
û£ҲûҪλϾǶһӣʿǷսҲʲôùһ;һߵ
Ƕһۣĵһ仰ȴһࡪʿǲԸ˫սģκιҵʿԸ⣬ΪȻʵϴ·磬ȴһ壬Ϊ٣ȫȥ磬һܽҵбñֻҪ˼άʿͲ飡
һĴսôϣͲԴء
ʵҲǾƷ۷ϵʿӵϢʧʿܹж٣ѧԺϵȫƷʿʿҪضزˡ
ʿ·ʱʲôطǺײġ
Ҳ벻׵һط
ʿǣ˭öôʧĵ
쳯ЩˣģҲûҪĲһĻȣ쳯ǣҲء
֮˫ʵ⣬мɵҲʿǻɵĵزܹӵϢǴɱֻҪܹʣ¼ˣܹеĹֵ췭ظ
˵е
͵̧ͷħޣ
ҵһᡪʺӿ۵ħ޵ͷϡ
Ȼ֪û˶飬ܵиķʽСǲӦʧģȷʵʧˣĻͱҪΡ
ῸҲ𣬶ܿͬܿǸῸôֻһѡˡ
ħޣ
ͬһ䣬Ȼһͬ˵
Ҳղ˵ǻеҲ뵽ġ
ȼôһ䣬ԷԼᵽһ㣬Ҳû˵ĻֻǽԼһһ˵˳ѧԺħҪɱһŵĵӣԭҪɱĿ˵Ǽ۹ΪѧԺͶҵԼ뿪Ժ֮⵽ħ޵׷ɱȻԳħޡ
Щ鲢࣬仰˵ˣȻԱ߼˶ҺѧԺĲ²Ʋ⣬Ϊʵģ˵˿˿ۣ
ǷĵطˣûͼӴף˵Լ֪ȫʵ飬ȻǻԲ
ȻħܹĻǵĻѧԺ˻ѧԺĳţĿľΪңôֱʸħޣͨɱǺʿȻҲʲôϡ飡
˼ϸȻܹ뵽෢ôضǿճ־õһսⳡս֮ʿеݼȻ˴ʱħ޴֣ɴ½ϻʲôֿ
Ȼ࣬ȻǷɴ½ϵеͬҲϣƻ
һУܹˡħ޼ȻѧԺĳţ˵мңڵʿңڵĶħޣҲĳʱʧġ
Ϊʲô͸ýˡȺһȻһռһɽͷͺһ㣬Ƕϰ߽ɽͷۼһŵģҲһֻ򣬶ԾסҪɱûܹڶʱһ㣬ǻɱĳһ⻹ܹģ
ʧǴ£һ˶֪
ſԽ⿪ˡǿԵȶ֮ȻͨеħޣɱۣͼҲҪã빫顭ߺߣ¶ɾ͸ˣ


111 ϵ
֣ϣԶԶֹԼһ
ʮ֮󣬶ʹ˺סĵط˿νݶʢƷ۷ʿֱǶ߾ͳ켧ɭԼѧԺԺԺˡ
ˣԴ߶սɣ˵ĵλҲԴҺѧԺɼε飬Ƕôӡ
Ȼˣʿȫս飬Ҳǲܵġ
ȺҪȻö࣬ΧЩǰƷޣ۷ʿѹ֮Ҳûĸһġ
ɭ˴˲࣬ɭױ˴ѧԺĵʦͬļ˷н˵дҵ˶˲ǽڡ
֮˺ͼɭ֮ǰץǸħõϢ
ħ޽թûǽˣȱԸǵľ顭ǸƷħڱץס󲻾ãĳطԾˣǽֻԺ֣ѻ֮ҵһЩļ䣬˻ŵħޣϧѾǰƷΪħޣӶݣڻѲһὫ֮Է
ɭ˵
ǲһ䣺˲ǸԵ֮⣬ǻ֪ҪŪһ¼ȴ֪ϸڣ͵Ϯ֮ȫսǵıˡ
֮ǰ˵ԼķѾ϶Ľڶ뷽˵ҲܶԵϣȻŲɡ
ο뷽ó˸֤ݡʮλƷ֣·նвڳ֤ݣȻ˵Ĳڳ֤ȫǶ˵㣬ȻŶ벻Ǳȫս£Ҳ˵
ܹƽҲһֱûʲôϵйأҪ֪ǱŵģôãܣҲˣȴһֱǻڱֻΪʦȴһֱȽƽ͵ķֵõ㹻ɣȻҲϣֵ̫
мĳ˱֪ʿɵģҲ޳ȡϵַʽˣ¾ֱϵеȻͬʱʿǵķӡչֱӴƷӡսȼɴ½
ͷųźţϸ֪ͨһʱ֮ɴ½жԼܹжڲϵѰֻҪǷħ޵ټɱ⣡
һʱ֮ڴ½ϵħǳ˴ϾҪٵħ˵ҪǱȽѵģݡ򻮷֣лʿֻҪ΢¶м֮£ӱܡ
ǿƵĵط޾ͳһ÷ʽù£٣ֻҪܿϰ߻ûʲô⣬ǧڷɴ½ݵħǣʮа˾ǿƵڡ
Ƿˣ˾͵˴ùмҲк֣ϮȻǷַ˲˿Ǹ϶˶ʧپħǸɵģӴþ͸ˡ
Դħڷɴ½Ļʼ׵ת£ǿƵڶСĻȻѾǺˡ
˶ԷȻҲϰ죬ؾôһ˵ǣϼɭͳڹۿԺ֮ԷһֱкøУ˸˵ܿͽԼϴˢøɸɾ
뿪Ժôһʱ䣬ȻѾͻƵƷĺɽǸϼһҪ˰ɣԺһ㶼ûͻƣһ뿪Ժʱ䣬ͻƷȥҵúúõĳЦһ
ŷļ򣬹ЦţȻ֮ǰԺʱ䣬ڶûͻƣƺӦþöһЩء
΢΢ЦЦĹ̥ʱģԺ˵ĴҪһԺôĻۣҳ֮ҵͻƵҲûôͻء
û֮ʱҪջҲҪķļ򣺡ܺãܺáһʱ䣬ҵȴͻƵڡʱȥ飬ԺѧϰǶ㣬Ҫǵã·;ûֹģƷ֮ϣиߵ硣
׵ġĻشҲ磬û˱ףۿĵ֮˽⵽鶴һ֮󣬷Ѿ֪ˣԼȡõһɼȷʵʲô
˺ͷܵڽ̸ȷ˷ʵԡ֮ǰᵽˣڿȷʵû˵ѣ˵ĵӡ
ʮ죬Ҳûʲôдģ˼
ԷǸЦʮλ𣬹ĦǵսСҲǺܴİء
һļɭͳ춼Щ۾ֱҲٽˣʲôʱʿôģʲôħǶܹûȡ
ɭҲϵбͷȴһ㶼ûиƷ۷ʿӣֱӾͶԼɭͳ죬鶼ˣǿ˰ա
˵ֱֱȥģɭ˸Ҳûʲôʾǹ˹֣׼뿪
ȴûߣվԭЦͳ죬Ժѧ߰գһҪλֽһ㶫ء
ǰǰ¾ˣǻ߰ɣȻ֪ˣ˵Ǻ๴
߰˵ţʿǸһͷߡ
㲻ߣһ뿪𣿻Ǹһ߰ɡ˷̲ס
˵ţԺ߾ߣҿĸ۵޸鷳ҳɽ
¾˶סˡ⻰˵ģԺǷĺ԰ˣǾƷʿǶδеĴû֮Ǿͻܡ
˷￴Լã֪ʲô
ȻЦȻԸǾա磬ǻȻȥɡ
֮ǰźҪ㷽Լһٺݳ飬˿ȴЦҪ뿪ã˷ﳹ
ðɣҿɲˡ常߰ɡ˷Լɭ
ɭҡҡͷηøõǵӣеķ˼ܹ֡ƽĻϽĵ̣ҩĺͿʯöٶװǿ
ˣ½ȱȱֻװǵԴѣ˿ھϰڣܹƷʿѣܶƽûû㹻Դ
Ŀ˷һۣɭͬʱ˶ݹ⣬ʿУٶȥֻ˷ͣԭء
죬Ѿó
ݹոշԶǾȲĴƽ⼸ǹͺȾƵӣΪ˵ȶˣûкȡҪ֪ڼɭ˻ûʱ类˲֪ٱˡ
Ҳֱ֣ӽԼеƶ˳ķ٣⼸Ҳ˴룬Ͼϰ˺Ⱦ֮ǵľҲʼˣͷһһһ̳ˣںȸʮ̳Ǹˡ
ۿһ̳̳ƶѳɽǷԵĻЦСЯеľƶˡھȥռҩĺͿʯȥ˰
ȥȥɣͷҲصĻ˻֣ʮɽͷȥ


112 ܸ
ʮɽͷΧмһյأǺסĵط
ЩɽͷȻɵģг֮ԼķƾɵģƬطԭԣ֮ڴ˴ưԣΪǶԼľȻҲǲõ൱Ĳ
Ҫǣڳڵϴˢ͹֮£ÿɽͷԣĵر޴ڣֻЩʿǷǳҪĵرȴûʲôô
Ҳɵһ֣ȻֻҪޣҰǲͬĵطֱܹжԼĲ֣ЩĲ֣ܴһֶʿ˵Ǻôģ֮ǣ֮˪
еĶʿãʿǴܶʱǻ˽ЩжԼĶųȥնԼĶҲΪʲôʯʿǺҪΪʯеȫܹʿյģԽƷߵʯԽ࣬ҲԽ
ʯ˵ҩĿʯʲôĶ˵㣬ϾʱȽ϶࣬ҩҪƳɵҩʯҪڴĥ֮ԼķڼֵϣȻǲʯġ
ҲеıȽϡеҩĿʯֵҪ߳ʯǾֵ٣͵˫ȥˣʯԼò˻Ϊһȼȥ
ڿûʲôѡʸģһ֮ƣǾˡ
Ҳûȥɽͷȥɽͷ˵Ҫ˵ѡ
ɽͷֻһɽͷɽ岢һ߷ţһԣ˵֮󣬽ԭɵɽͷʵǵľ֮ıΪɽͷҲǵıɽͷսܹӳǿ
֮һأ֮ϵʱĴҫŵĹâͻλ˷۾
վ룬Ŀȥɽ֮ϳĸҩݡ֮ͻΧһһ㣬룬һƬ峺ĺˮ£Ѿ۳ɾġˮˮڴٹƵʱôһСôڵˮϵʿýĿܣأˮ׵ˮģ֪ж٣
ˮԱ¶ĺˮʯͬˮϵʿҪĲϣ֮ԼķܹԴˮϵøӵļӲ
ˮϵޣɽͷܹ۵ģȻǺˮϵʿйصĵر
ЦȻ˸ںƵˮϵǣ֮£ҩġˮˮʯͬһ㣬ӿķ˷Ĵڣ
ڷֻԼ̫١
Ҫ˵Щ˵ƷˮʳʲôģжٶܹװȥȻװЩҩĿʯʲôģǾЩ鷳ˣЩԣĶװȥҲи޶ȵģʹһװһˣɽͷĺöװ˲ٷ֮һ
鷳ˡ´Ҫ㴢У
ץץͷʼѡ̫ҲǾһãڿôĺöȴֻװȥһ֣Ȼ˵뱦ɽֻأȴҲ̫࡭
תһ룬ȴһԼȷʵֻһڻôһռء
ԶԶĿ˿ǻھƵҲע⵽Ͼ㷽ɽͷˣҲںЩ˵˰գǻͲء
ģԶܹ֮ԪʵҲνǵķǵĹҲƷƽʱʵǷǳĵģȻҲǺȾƴĥʱ䣬ȫǹһ
֪ǲע⵽Լ˸ԪھۼŴֱӾͷɽ鶴죡
λ˼ûܴˮеԵģʱһ£һ˳ǣٸǴơ
֮Ц˵Ҳ֪ƢǿʼԹ
ûƵӣǿѰֺ󵱼̾Ϣ
ѰһһЩĺöƽʱҲûʲô¸ɣЩѾһģÿ˸ʱһʱҲû̫𡣡
ЦԣҸ˵
ҴկȷʵеЩģЩſʼˣÿ޲иʱ֮⣬ѾһزģȷʵÿʱٶҲûʲôãϾÿ˶ͷ̥һжԪܹսȻ鶴ġ
֮ǰвϵԪֻڴ˸תͳȥҲкôģܹϵĴ壬쾳֮ÿҲܹôԪҲѾһޣٶʱҲֻùȻΪʲôôʿ׼ܣǵô࣬ȴҪ򷢸ʱ䡣
Ļ˶Ȥ֮⣬ǧ˶Χ˹կΪ࣬ϾǵĵӱȷҴҪúܶ࣬󲿷ԭк۷ΪѾʱͻƵ죬µʱ
ʾóһƬطͳԼĴȻ˸һָ

ǰͶСɽһǸָĴˮԵҩĵСɽһɫȫǴСһˮһźɫȫǴСһĺˮʯ
ĿɿڴĿһĻ֪Уû뵽ܹеز
ֺ󵱼ҹֽһȻ˶ˮɵСɽЦúϲ£졪ˮԵʿһˮڵ弶ͻƵһƷˡƷʿʿĶִ󵱼ҲžԼⱲû׻
ϾƷֻ֮Ҫþܻã𵤲ֹ
ЩĶģĸң
ֺһöˮͷЦտʷǸһеȼ壬ˮϵΪֺҲֻ뵽ǰҵĿⷿˡ
ҿǺˣôҽ顣
ٺٵЦ·û£ҩģҩһ£һЩʣҲʯͻȡĵҩˮͺˮʯռƷźáǵĲƲ
úúãЩһպˣ˭ֺЦúϲ£죬·˵˲ҽᡱĻҲһ㶼ûȥ
ƲƲ죬ƫľϵʿЩҲûʲôãֻЩźʣûľϵĶ𣿡
жСЦǰЩöѣкܶĺöȥأ
ȥŸһô죡
һҲżˣѾһΪ¼˽һͷ۰졣
ǣǻûдһһ˵Ҳе鷳һ䡣
ͷĸ߼ǻûУϾµĴٶѣһƷʿﴢʲôǿȴϡ
а
ִ󵱼վΪһңǼһЩöģȻͺϧĴӻ˸
ƶҲһˣ˲һᣬֻص鶴УȻĵ˾СɽˮϵľϵϵĲϡ
ܸɣǴʮ궼ջ֮һ
ִ󵱼ķڷĶԷ˸ĴָԺصĸˣ


113 ֱ
ǰǰ˺üˣһɽͷѹһ飬鶴еĸϵʯҩĶѻɽȻʵϷߵģٷ֮һǧĻʵ̫࣬ѹΣҲֻöѻɽĿʯҩǳǳһѡ
ܼΣ鷳İܹѹεĶ鶴ȥҲеðաƷʵҲ̫ĴܹôණԽҲǼⶼòԾϲԾĶ̫࣬ǻĻɣʱ˵Լ˼ٶһЩҲԵøӵ˳һЩ
һܵĸоǹϵһ㣬Ҳǻ
ԸָĲռһ֮󣬷Ҳֱ֣ͣӷɵǺȾƵĵطʩһ
ôõòܶþͶõ㣬ЩҲûãõҲܶ໻
̬ŴЦм׬ǲܣı£ֻҪǵľƲϵСĶͲҪˣʲôԵĶǲϲҪƣþƣ𣿡
Ѿȥһľ̳ӣզ࣬ǾļȥԼҪѹһЩþˡãЩƲǷ˺ȵľƣʿǺȵľƣǷǳģֻҪϻʯϾܸ㵽һ󲿷֡
λľడСףλȥضŪľǲƻһһ̫ܵࡣ
ţĺܺãûҲģƽʱҲЩġɽЦ
һ
⵹Ƿ飬ȻԵôֱɲģû̫ƣҲû̫ܶԶ֮佻ãʿʵû̫ͻģΪ֮󣬲û̫ĳͻ
Ǹ֮󣬷뿪ǾסĵطͨϵɽŹضȥ
ǲȥǽǽȫǾˣľˮʲôȻ٣ȴǮ򵽵ġǿɶǾʣ
Ź㣬ʷḻֻҪǮû򲻵ĶԼ㹺ľˮʱŹڵľˮϵЩǣҲطľˮġ
ϴǸӡǣȻûκ޸赲ǰ·ɽеŵϢʱԶ˱ᣬƾŷĺֱײ
Сռı˿ɲٰ˲ٵĴһ߹žˮһߵͶپˣ˵ЩҩĺͿʯʿǺֵǮġ
ʲôϵɽ˸ãЩûãöپö٣ֻҪܹϵĸ;ƾˡ
Сҿû˳۵ġЦǰǲɵˣӦú׵ģپƿǸö
ǿɲСʳ¹ʾԣҪʿǿöෳһ˾͹ˣҲ࣬ǺȾƾˡ
ԣ
Ƿ׷ͬ˵ǶŲεĸоû;ƣνҪǴϢ಻ϵĵǵϢʲôģǲܲˡ
֪֮ϾҲûӣȻ类ʿˣΪռݵطԴİǲܶѣǲԸ⡣
ͨɽ֮ӡǵϢûʲôˣҲϣΧǣǲඥʿĽǵӴʿΧ޵Ĵڶ˵ҲһֱӡҲֻڵɽã˵ɽͲС
һغ͵ڶɽԷ˵Ҳʲô谭һ·ֵֻҪ·޾ֱӸɵʮûˣЩԼһܱء
һ·صŹأȾȥչһ֮´ΪİԭһصŹڵʱ˼˷źʾʮΪ߾Чְߵĵû˫ֵٶҲȫܺͷȣѾȵһͷ
ʮûŹڵʿҲǺܺ淽ȥˣ޴ʮﻯ˵ˣĭɵĽ˷硰Ⱥ֮Ķ֮󣬷ƺȻ޵ĸߴ
ڷ̤չ֮͸ܵʿǴĳݵ񡭡
ǵӢۻˣ
޴˫˹ֵܣĻҳԾ
⻰˵ģҪȱ첲ȵĻŸ𣿡ûĵ
ˣ¶ˣ߽˵
ˡ껹ôٶ˵Ѿˣʣµ飬ôȥɣҾ밲İһ꣬Ƚõ˵ʼ֮
ҲǡҪ˵ģ治Ǵ޼ңǴ޼ҿǶ壬ſ͵ĴܺҲĵ˵
ǺЦЦȴûд𻰣֮ǰ;ܾҵɣΪ޼Чο鶴ʱֺڳƼȻûʲôӦȴ鶴ڵѾεĺһһҪԼļġ
ҪΪµļ壬ò뾺Ļᣬм˾˵ģӲʩǱģȻƾʲôҸԴķͽԼļ壬פҪаɣ㹻ɫļԱҩ桢桭һʽļ壬С壬ҲضһʩȻʲôûУ־ҹҪԴĹҲǸ޵׶ڿô졣
ҪԼļ壬ڻֻǱڿͷϣһУҪĶ
ʹ˼䣬Ȼ󽻸⼸򵽵ļͷޣһ˼ʯ뿪չǰի׼ȥһԼҪĵҩ
ǰڵĵʲôģ֮ǰһ˲٣ΣҪģǴĽ嵤Ҳܹͷ˽ʵĻҡ
ҪԼϵȫƲһٿƷʯһͼĽ嵤ʱ򣬾˴ֱʵҲԾˡһƷʯܻһ嵤һٿƷʯһƷʯҲһ嵤
իҴҵһʱ֮Ҳòôཡ嵤ʵҲòǽ嵤϶СĽףһʿʮܹĹϺܳһˣիĲҲ̫࣬ڵĿ޷ѡ
ôիôļҵһ嵤Ʋ𣿡ʡ
ҧҧԼ촽Ҳ֪һǲǹô˵ġд⣬ԼضҪơ
̾һȻ嵤ʵǺƵģǲͣĸϹһܳ嵤ʮʱܹ룬ûôԭϣҩҲģҪж٣ûôԭϣҲôĽ嵤ʱȥչҪôЩҩĵʿǿҲʱۣĻǵͷǳˡʵÿҲһڳͷĽ嵤ѡ
ŶҩǰɣС
һȻӣҼǵý嵤Ҫҩͼľ̲ݣһҩĲܳ𣿡
Ѿû˵ʲôˣ˵ͷȷʵˡһҪһľ̲ݣȷС
һ̣ˮһҩݴӷǰð۵Ļ

ۿ챻ҩѹʱڴ˹ܵĽгôһȻͷԼ֫һ§žֱӷա


114 
§Լ֫ȴƺûκηӦֻһ˫ԭܸɵӣԾĿ·
ҩݻӿţûӣ̸֮ݣһ̣ΪܲסѹɢѿĲҩʼԺ
ô£еۺ˵ڶ仰
ҪĲҩһľ̲ݣ֤һﲻЦ
Ǳһիǡ⣬⣬Ź߻ӵĵطôիû㱣ǲܵġ
ƹĽһիıȫˡ
ϰʿ˺ԺΪ׵һзǵŭһ󵨿ͽˡƹģݹҳ飡
ӴȻƷĸ֣իȻɲ⣡զ
һ£Ȼ˷һѣſңŲŵţǶֻΪ˱⡭ұЩҩѹѡ
ŷſ֣۱ϾҲƷʿֱӾڿ߲֮Լơ
ǡ
Ƿ׷׶һ뿪ˣֻ˵أѾʮɸߵҩɽ
Ϊիһ߼ҩҲǲٵˣϾÿիչҩݾһ֣ȻҲûôŵģÿչѾǺܶˣһ
һǾ
ҩж٣еĿ
ŨҩԺϾδĶǻ㹻ҩݣʮľϵ޳ǵɽͷҩݿνǳضǣΪǱ֮ҩ˵֮ûиãǱıʱţеҩԲʧøӵĴ
ѹƷŽ鶴֮Уֻҩݣ֪ƽ嵤Ĳϣշڴģĵͼҩݡ
㡭ĶŪôľ̲ݣ۰е𾪣ʵ
ĶŪľͲˣ·϶ɾ΢΢Ц
ǰҩɽгһľڱᣬȻͷܺõľҩŨ֮һľֺ֣ƳĽ嵤Чá
ŸˣλҵĲһһֱչңղҺųġϣûгײ˷
һԷ˹֣ȴȫûиղ뷢ŵʱɣҲûиղűҩʱг񣬷еľګʲôҲû˵ֻǶԷֵͷ
ǰʵɫҶһ󽫣իȻԻЦ
⣬ҲСǰţȻΰãҲе㱣Լ󲮸ľһ㡣ЦŻش
ͷҲûм׷˭ԼܣԼƾʲôȥ̸ʵףһܺ޸ɣҲЩù˷ݣǳۣǺԼʲôϵ
ҩݡм۵ĻʮƷʯٲ˵ģȫԼãϵ
ͷк֮һΧҩɽתת֮͸һ۸񣬺Ȼҩݵļ۸ͼǷǳͨġ
ۿЦ󲮣ɲǳҩģҪչҩ嵤һֻṩԭء
һڵͷšչҩð˲У嵤һڡ
˵ϼһһ˶ˤҩɽȥϰͰ͵ʣʲʲôһǵ԰ǵʯ氡
ҲԲôడ۴˿̵ǻָƽȻҪƺþˣʵҲ̫ţϾիƽÿĽ嵤ҩҲ٣ܵ˵һҲܹϰ嵤
ϾƷʲô˾ܹҵģһŽ嵤˳˾ͻһ㣬һ죬ܶǮ˼ҵĺҲ⵱Եģľ΢̲࣬ݸ𣬼мһЩĶžеǰԵɿζ˿ϰڣҲʲô
һܿҲָԼƽı飺ĻôոʮƷʯҲˡĵҩƶ£ȫƵĻܴ嵤
۵ͷʵǡҩݣ𣿡
γԣһۣȻʵ
ҩģҩĴȻҲٲˡľ̲ϳ˵ģܸһĻһ嵤͵ġЦĵ
һۣҲŮ˻⣬ϿիôһʯûǶիҩ˵ҩĵĴǷǳҪģһҩĴţիȻ΢ѹҩĵչۣǵչ۱ȶҪ߳һ㣬ѹһĻֻҪȶҪôһ㣬ɴڣ˵Ҫöˡ
ûôҩĴĻóȻѹչۣ϶𷴵ʿ˵Ųҩ㣬ûҩĴҩƾǿˣأҩĴһղҩģիܹԴԴϵĲ嵤ΪǵչۻǱȶٷҪôһ㣬ʿ֮ҲԸеһʧҩǵġ
һҩĵĲҲԺԲƣǳܹ棬ǾһΪӴˡ
ܹһ˲һ취ۣϣȷʵţѹܹիӪڵģѹԷֻһƷҵΪϰٸƷΪ֮ĻΪЧ
Ҳ֪нˮ׼˭š
û⣬Ҫʱ䡭ȰҰѵҩȵ´ʱ򣬻ʣµҩġ
ͷŵܹʡʯȻǰͲõģҩı˵ڽںҲܹ㵽ףռˣԼҲޱ⣬ĽײŽ˫Ӯ
˵֮󣬷ͳʮƷʯ׼ɶȴ˻֣ʯƻ˷ǰˡŵùȡҩĳŷ´δݹ٣šҩġ
һ£һҲƺЩ⡪ϾʮƷʯһʺܴĲƸˣʲôѺҪֱ˵ŷ⣬Ҳûġ
ȴɫ䣬۰ΣЦ
ϰ̽ţ˾Ȼô׼Ҿͳϰ飬Σիҷ׵ĵһѡ񣡡
Լ֣ҲԼ֣صڿлһơ
Լˣԣ
˵仰Ȼתߡ
ҿʼˡС㣬ҲûҪʲôƾֱ֤ӾͰѼֵʮƷʯҩȫ⣬ͷԼҲֵġһĶ۵
ǰǳҵ֮⣬ʵûʲôʧģҩıܹһ嵤Ҹģֻǵ˹ѣȴûʮʯأĻۡҲҡҡͷҲ¶һ˿ɫ
ǲ֪֪˶ڷ˵ҩһ㶼ʱθ롭
ᣬ̶ܹܴȵƶ˫ϵ


115 
ʱ䣬һζ
ҲûţȻڵʵͣƷΪȻǿԼһӡһʵսʼøӵǿˣڵڶɽڿ֮һһƷ޵Ⱥơ
ǸĺôɲֻЩҩĺͿʯɽѪҺļӲȿ볤۷ʿȣ͵ڵԪ͵͵תƵ鶴ڣ鶴ڵԪԽõ֧־Խ࣬ƹĹһӡչֳƷ巨ķɣȫ˳ȥּĲϣﵽһ˵ĵزڵĹһӡ㲻÷ֻǿȥˣƷ޲ܡ
ϰ취ֱӹһӡ壬Ȼͻ뵽Ʒ޵ȺȥֱҵƷ޺ƷޣɱȻĵͼĴӣԼȥѰһ޵ľۼص㡣
Ļɱ޵Чʲ֪˶٣һõʮĻ֣ԭѾ΢˸һĻٶȵ춨˾޴ơ
õٶֵĻ֣Ȼȥի
ٴμ˼˿ƣ֮ɫȻǣȻ˵իҩʦȫܹƳһ嵤ֻһϵ֣ôҩķ룬ҩʦȥһ̲ͣתȻٲͳȫ֣Ҳ۵ùǺ
֮¶ԵЦݡ
Ҳ
ʮķ˷ǰЦЦҲûʶȥ㵤ҩ˳־ͽ˻£Ҳ֮ǰһģҩģ֮ǰĲضϡ
۵ͷȻ´óҩĵʱҪһҪ׼ôҩĵĲֿȻĻҲǹ۵ġ
Цų𣬶ʩһ񣺡ټĳȸˡ
ŷ뿪ıӰ¶һ˿ʡ
ի֮󣬷Ϳʼͽʹó̡
ɨŹкþƵĴҲͻ嵤ĺþƣ޷Ҳһֵ̳һ嵤ѣǱļ۸ȴһƷʯһ򱶵ļ۸񣬷ҲǺĵˡ
û뵽ǣͶұԼѾĵˡĹʱڿʼ׷׺ϵԷȻ󿪳ļ۸ȷļ۸񻹸ʮҹжȻȷһжҪ߶ˣ˵ǾסĵطƤ챻ʹǹƽˡ
ͷһǣûȫƣҹƣͬʱҵĸǸȥĵطƲϣжȻע⣬ЩƵöǾһǳСȦҴ˰Ҳûܹʲô
أŹصƣЩþƵʿһֱһƲŰǰȥͿʼȫ֮á
һĳɹȥҲ̫ͣʱ䣬ֱȥḷ̌еĴȫȻͷһ򡭡
ڼĲƵأǵһʱȥˣвصĴȫѹһա
ʵϺôʮǾӴþˣҲȲôľơʮʱ䣬嵤ѵʮζѾʮ̳ơ
ЩͶܹȻǽΪǵ׼һϾԤϵǣھʱѹ֮ںܳһʱ۽ᴦһܽŵĵز˵ҪǼء
ôɨһ飬ľƴʮȥ˾ţȷʵöһӣļǷǳǿģϼҲע⵽һ㣬һʼɳڵʿרȥĴЩܹþƵܿһƵĳʿ򲻵ƵõƣҲͻָ
Դ˷Ҳֻʼ򡪡Ǽ۵ĻԽһء
ȵٴμǵʱѾǰºˡ
֮ǰûЯ̫ƣҲ̫࣬ûʲôƻͷԣȹǰġȶپͺȶ١֮󣬿ʼԵϡٵľ̳ӣȫѣ˭һ㣬ŪòĴ
ʱ򣬾ͿʮΧһȦһޱࡣ
Ϊʲô£߽˲ŷ֣мڷһ̳Ӿơ
ˡٲҪ໥ɱˡ֮һ󿴵ȱһ
ҲȷʵᣬΪƿҪʧȥǵʱҲһѣûγɴս
ڿ֮֮ǰǻ䱦̳ƣһΧȻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀŷ÷Լһ׶԰ʦ׼СǷʳ
ÿһ̳ӾơȰ˵
˾ƣˬһѣһڳȳ׷׶Էͷ
λСҲǲʹǴ˾ơڿҲһθ̫ࡣһĵ
ЩżˣΪʲôһβܸ̫ࣿҲˣ뿪˰£ǾûˣҪĻҲòĿʯҩ˰
æ֣С̰ģΪ밡
ѾЩΪҪþҪЮǵͬʱһ㶡
λǶǾ֮һ͵úȲٵľƣȻǿ֪ױʵģҪֶ档
˷⻰Ҫ˵أǧɱʤǸֶ֮ͨҪ˵ˮڸʼһһͨ඼硭
Щǲ֪ġʵҡҡͷ
һľƣԽԽ㣬ŶöỵȻǺȵּƷƣѾζϴﵽ۷壬治ƣֱ仯Ļκһ˿ζı仯ǶĪʧǳЩƣǹ޵ľƣȻҲܺȣζȷʵԶӡ
˵֮󣬷ͳʮ̳ơûԣһľͷԽζԽȻЩʿǶ֮͵ƣ֮ƣʮζһһֶв࣬һ˿ܺȲʿǸоҲ޵һȺˣⷽѧۻȷʵҲһֽڡĸ߶ȡ
ⷽĴʦҴԲζԲЩƣֻ̫٣ֻҴԼܵģȻҲ粻Ϊ֪
Ʒ˷ͳľ֮Ƿ׷ף˵ûһʼƷʿۻľ飬ȷζõ֮Ǹĸ֪ȻܹƷһľƣζϵһ˿ϸ΢Ĳࡣ
ʿƳȻܷӵľ󾫣ǲίԼģͬ
ӦΣüͷ֮ʵ
СӵģÿʵƣȻҲż£СӼиóˮÿ̳״̬õʱ䴢ȥȻóȵʱζû˿ı仯ʵ˲ؼ˼ΪϡΪƵĲ㹻еʿÿʿѡԼǵζԲҪĴֶΣȴ߱
Ķɴţʵ


116 
ҵ˵˹֮󣬷ˡ
ͷӵҲһļʿƷޱңԶ飬οܹңڵ۷ʿȵǣͷӿЩ޾Ѿ׶ˣǸӵ׶
ǲ׵ģģؼǣģѾ޵ıܡǲ˵ġȰ
ԡˣŵıӵŨҡ
㿴ôĿʯҴǵľסĵطŪģΪϲȾơѾ˺Ⱦƣүӣ㴢ƺͱʲôʱζõı£һúܿģ㽫ӭ࣡ŷ
һԴҡͬ˹һ㣺ɲʲô־ܸɵ߾һĴڰôˣôͷ飬ʵǲʺҰ
Ϊ˷Ҵδү㻹¸ҵĵΰɣ˵ˣҪ齨һ壬ȱĶ̫ˣ֪ȱʲô𣿡
ȱĶкܶࡣ
ʱ俴ҲûЩָͷԷ˵Ҫһפأ챻ŵܣǻҪ˵ĻƣȻһ˶ҲУʵǿ󵱼ҲֻͨʿڼֻǲôõóֵġҪԼĲܲһͿǴҪܹԼҩԼҪϢͷܣʲôȱЩûУҪһһ裬˵ʵǿˣ
ҵν˵ʵͦġүӣ˵ĶеڿҪģЦ
һ㶣һֱǵĶǾĶִ󻷽ϵĶһֱûôǹ
ǵģ
϶˵˵ʵ˼סһƷʿȻ˵ļҲδܹӵʿǻӵŴƷʿĵ̲һĸҲǼŻһʿȻһƷƷʿȴЩǵвνٵÿҲڵĻһƷʿܰ˶
˵ͷһǰûҷҴ鷳ΪǲǵЩ֣ǺڽĴЩͻҪǳ˼һӣٵľͽǸϿĿ顣
һ˲öּɵҪǺǵĹϵأҺǻûԣҲǴ򽻵үӣĽһʱĻһϲģʱǾͻĺ̨ĺ̨Ǿܹһαķչʱ䣡ԴҲٽǵķٷչõҩģúǸӿĵҩõĿʯܹõ鱦ǺҪ
ðɣȻҲòȥˡЩĲĪԩҡ
ԩԩҺһʮأ˺ôǲ̫࣬һʼͰǴһ¾ʲôģҲ˵̫࣬ҲϤˡЦ
֮ǰͷ̸Դ˷ҲûõĶȥҲ֪ǻô룬ϾԼĵطһˣⷽҲǳС
Ȼڷ˵֮ЩĬȻôһ䣬ȴҲòôε۹⿴ŷ
ȻûҵϼңԸĻ´ξʹҲԸΪǷأֻҪܹһôͺãһʱ֮ڵģϾֻļʿҲһˡ
˵ǵı滺һЩһļʿǿ۾һɾŪĴڣȷʵҲ첻ʲôв
ֻһ˵Ļǵν֮˵ͷҲûʲô
·ͽԼЯľƷһֳЯľˮʵ̫ˣֻǷһСֳҲɽжѳһСɽ
ŪضȻ輸ռ侲ֹķ𣿡ͷСɽһľ̳ӣʳ¹ͻȻ
ûô򵥵ģʳ¹ЦƩƣԪﵽŨȵʱ˴桢̴ľԪﵽŨȵʱ˴桭Щͬģ˵ʵҶԴҲһ֪⣬λͬⷽĴмҡ
ٶȳĬĻЩͷΡ
ĵص㣬λǵڿ׼һ£СӷޣͲ׳ˡЩˮʮ֣ÿֶҪͬĻ棬ҲҪĵؽԼɽ
˵һ㣬Ǿţɽ֮ǿܻδܣȴ׾ܹģǷ׷ʩɽеһ˲Ū˼ʮµĵؽѺͿɽϵĶѨ
ָǽˮűİ˵ؽѺͶѨ˶㹻ǺϺܳһʱ䡣
һ֮󣬷͸ˣȻڸ֮ǰûٴδߴҩĺͿʯȻ󲿷ֶǽ鶴졣
뿪˺ûмŻصŹڣڵɽڱŹڻҪȫ뿪һξ֮󣬷һص鶴֮ڡ
ڵ鶴ҲǱһģ䷿ݽ˹Ҵկ˾ס֮⣬½ķݳҩҲʯĴңһʵĴǿʼͨĵҩԼ취˲ŻǲٵģȻǱȽϳҩʦͶʦȴʤڲ϶࣬˷һ㣬ҲܹǵľԽḻġ
һĵҩһ鱦Ķ췽ʲôܣƷʿ˵˶ǳɫҩʦͶʦȻΪƷ֮ͿˣǶʿ˵ڽ֮ĺҪĿγ̣ѧƷԼĵҩͷܶڵʿ޷ӵԼ鱦Ϊǲ죬Ϊû㹻Դ
ڷ⣬µļ壬Ҳʼٵķչ
ҩͶĴ֮ȻĴǣĹ֮Ҳʼõ룬÷ǳο
ҸǽòˡɣҴȥҲ̫ǣǵþˣһ˿϶æģȵǿʼͷʱͿ˳ƵҪøǵȥŴˮҪ󡣡Է
˼̹Ȼˣͷͷһ·ؿڵİɣ˴򽻵ҵҲóֻҪЩǲķƢ룬ҺϤҲ̫鷳
ŵġЦ
÷ȥϵҲʱӾģҪ֪ôĴ٣˽Ǿޱȵķḻں˴򽻵ϱһҲǿĶȥֻҪҪȥЩʲôûʲô⡣
ʵϷҲҪȥЩʲôֻǺϤһ㣬Ǿ㹻ˣҪȥʲô³ˡ
һ췽ûлصŹڣڵɽһҹһҹʶ鶴֮ڣָ˵ԼһЩϸ⣬̫ͣãľ飬ǾϵȫܵĴڣڸ͵ҩԼ鱦Ķ춼ŲٵĸһһȥҲ÷Ҵկ˻ǳ
ȵڶ죬ŷ鶴죬Ȼ˺
Լķʽûһͺ׽Ϳʼ˶ԾƵĴ档
һľһָľϵһͷӾƨƨߵ˹ȥ
Ӹ绪ע⣬ϵԪŨȵһɾͺáһָų˹ȥ
ŷָӵת΢΢Ц
ŶӣǶȥˡ


117 ѻ
˷ںĵ뿪ˡĴ󣬶Ƿܺõչֳһʦķɣ˿ǵݣҪʲôͻȥǴʣµǡ
еĶȣѾϳɾķܹ㶨ġ
뿪˺׼صŹˡѹ˲ٵĶϺϵĶѾѹһˣϵʯѻɽҩͬĶѻɽҲ鶴ޣȻҲװôĶ
ڷŵģҲֻʣҩġҪիβ
իĺǴȥģЩļ壬ȻӵԸҲû˵ҪĵҩȫԼƵģڼӵ˵ڼȻǺ˷ѵģרְҩʦӵǶȥһ£ǿսǼĸ
Խٲ˺ի򽻵ԼȻȥҩǼ
뿪˵ɽڵڶɽնɱһЩһֲϣھֹʱ仹нӽµʱ䣬ʱ䷽˷ѡ
һͷƷ޺ͷƷڷǰµʱ򣬿ɢӵͼǣû׷ȡϵĲϣ׼ȥһ޵ľۼء
׼ͻȻͣ˲
ʼܵģоΣա
ʮǿƣԼס˷ȻǣԷŷɱƷ޵ʱγ˰ΧȻڷܹɱƷޣڻɱԷʱȴҲҪԼȫûȥ̽ΧԷǳĻᣬԼİΧ
Ҳ֪˭ǣһϤ
΢΢̾Ϣһ
ͳЦʮӰĴ֣ܳɢƣѾס˷
㵹ס㵹ͨı£ȻܹǷҴôһͬߣڷҴȴµʱ䣬ȴû뵽ܵˣҵǺܺ棬Ҵ¼ǧˣȥĶˣΪ׵ĺ˷ɭЦ
ϮկģˡʮڵƷʿǸʱҲֻжƷΪɣȻɳôֱΧңɱӺϣ÷Ҵв޷ܡ⵹ǴòЦ
㻹ûشҵ⡣Ϊ׵ĺüͷ
ͷ¶β֮ʲôʸһش⡣Ȼ
󵨣һ˺ȵѵ㻹ܹӵ
ȻӲˣΪʲôһҪشǵ⣿ЦĻش治֪ΪʲôҪ˵ôķϻ
һ仰ŭ˼еĺˣȻ棬ǾŹɱͬʱ֣ƺһ̾Ҫŷ֣
Ϊ׵ĺһ֣ɱ
⣬Ҹ˺ܺ桭شĻץס֮ҵʲôпĥҪô
Ǵ󷽡̵Цɣô֪ģǻش⣬Ҿͻش⡣
΢ԥһ£Ȼǡõ鱨
ҡһǲ֪ķʽתҵǡЦ
˭֪ԼǱˣˣһŭһһ֣һųɫâĳ֣ͷͳŷ˹
˲ûг֣ǿֻҪһ˳֣Ǿ㹻ˡ
ƷʿƷʿ֮Ĳ࣬ɲһСѡ
ϵʿѾƷΪﵽ˵Ӥľ磬Ԫ֮£ÿһ൱Լͬʱ֣ܹҲһ
˵һƷʿȫһֻóԼȫԪһɵĻôڵƷ֮ȫһֻͬóԼһɵԪӤ֮£һܹﵽͶһ
Ҳıޱǳڶʿû̫ʱһҲش
һ̧֣һֱעԪĹһӡͷ֣źӭ
Ʒ˵ҪһӡһΣȻڷϡǾͲԶˣοһӡڱƵĹУּ˴ϧϡҪòܹĲϣǵˣڵĹһӡȻֻƷڼ̶̳ȺͷϣȴԶһƷ
ڹһӡϣȴһŷɻʿУ
ķܴ죬ԼҲһѪ˳ڿڵӵʱһѪǱġ
֮һԵĿӣſӣһԵѺֱͨ˵֮ۿֻһ㣬ƷķҪжѣȫ٣
ֻһײѣȻ˵ˣֻҪ㹻ĲϺʱ䣬һҲ̫ѵ飬ȴ̶ܴӻʿԼı٣ʿѪ飡
ʲô﷨̲ס٣ζҪһʱ䣬⻹ڲ㹻¡
ٻ˹һӡùһӡԼͷһ߼ϵһӡԼԪһߵȻЦŶûʲôֻ֮رأرʵѡ
ŸȫĬˣԼķ̹ù˵ķҪǣѻҲǸ̫õĵص㣬ŹغͺرԶ˼Ϣ¶ȥĻ˵ͻ档
ĴµķӡܹʱӡסϢҪй¶ԭǿмκһ˳ֶܹܷģڿʮ֣ҲڶʱڻܷԼķܱٵĺʮﶼе㷸
ôÿ·ҵǲʱԸǡҴӦկˣҪǱģ£ҲϣǱɵġɫûǵķӡҲϣڱ˵ϣ𣿡
㲻ҪţΪ׵ĺŭȵڣҪΪţ㹻Ĵۣ
ʮƷʿҪڻɱҵ²Źص˻ǺǣЦˡмĵ
ǲġҪˣ㱻֪ˣҲûʲô
˵ٶȵıüͷһ壬ܵĸо˲ס
һ̣Ϳһ͹ӵģðźɫ棬״ĴӣΪ׵Ǹ˵ð˳
ǡħħǡ
ֻü˵˼֣Ϊ׵ĺ˾һЦȻ׳ӣ
ħķӣħǿɺǲһǵķҲܹʹõġϧֻʹһΡ൱Ʒľӣе֮ôɣ
ͷʼѹľӣ¶صɫûǸ˵ĻħķԼûʲôȥԸء
˫һţӴԪһӡȻŹ⣬һӡֳ͵ˮ⣬Ȼžӭȥ
ɫĻ濪ʼ͹һӡðˮײһײ֮ˮʱռ䣡
һԽĺֱ۱ˮҽһƻΪУĺˣ˼öҩµĿųС


118 ħ޷
ΣΪ׵ĺɨһ˵ĺ֮
áǴˡ
Ʊû˵ĺȻͷ󺹣ȴ̫ںڳڵʿ˵ϵֻҪǾһʱȻָģǲ֫ˡһǱڵʿҪǿöĵط
콫Ŀת˳УѾ𽥵ɢȥѾ쳣޴󣬽Źһӡ棬ðźɫĻ棬ϵĳмš֤˷ûȻĻɹ֮Ӧʧ
һʱῴҲһСһ鷳ĴڰΪ׵ĺ̾Ϣһ
Ҫ໨һʱ䣬ҲûʲôϵڵƬռѾˣңڵʿҲѰò˵Щħȷʵй֮һ̾Ϣ
ֻǼ˵˵޷ĵط¶Ŀڷ磬֪ġɨһۣĵ
Ǹʲô𣿡
šǳ⣬ȻֻƷʵȴޱȵļ̣ھӵĹ֮ºҲֺܹ֧ܳʱ䡭ϾƷֻ࣬Ҫ㹻ʱ䣬ҲܹˣһǾ͵Űɡ
ǾӲһԵķܹôʱ䣿ɻ
СЩħޡȻһԵģǱϾƷļ𣡸οǲ֪𣿾ģֺ֧ܾõʱ䣬СˣҲǸǳһڶ
˷ѣôõĶǾȻֻһԵķк̾Ϣ
ħ޴½ﲻһϡĶǣǵĶȴǺϡأȻΪʲô˫һֱսϻˣǲǿԿǵĶǻ˵ɡ
˵һ仰˶ˣʼżðŻľӣĵȴŷĵֿʧܡ
ڴʱ֮ķûС
ӳԼʱͻȻޱȵľ޴󣬽Լ͹һӡȫм䡪ʱΪԼҪҵˡ
ڱס֮󣬵Ҳû֣һӡڷָ֮£ðˮˮԪϵĵֵŻĳڷԴԴϵԪ֧֮£ûܹ˺塣
ʱݣʼϸ˼ڵ
ƺֶαȽϵһֻһСȻⱾѾǺײеֶˣ˷һ˶ûжܵĵطһƷʿһĹ֮£ֲ֧˶þͻᱻΪС
Ȼⷽȴƫƫռ˺ܴıˣ鶴ԴԴϵṩԪһӡԶ˵ķֻֿҪݽߣͲԼܵʲô𺦡
ȻԷ˵һԵķôҲֲ̫ʱɣȵӵʹʱ޹ȥԼͼҪߣҲ̫ѵ顣
̫ĵȴšͼϰߡ
ĻͽһӡĵֿѹһСĿռһ㿴ӲƷƷȻȻһԵķôͱضڣȻĻɴ½ôİȣħ־ƳһĺʿصıһǿһԷ÷ըܹ׵Ľʿǵĵʿɵ¾һհɡ
˵Ʒķǿ϶ĳֵطźƷ޴ĵطȻһʹõģҲǾ޴ˡ
˼һ֮󣬷ȡһԪתԪתΪĿˮҲ˿ˮ֮ı仯ģˮתȻȥУ嵹Ǵ´ࡣ
ˮ֮⣬ŵǻɫˮں֮£κλ涼޷ɷյı
㱣Լ֮ϣſˮĲı£ˮܹõĸħķգܹõıˮʧ
ڶԼγ㹻ı֮󣬷һԼעȫ
ǹһӡĺôˡһʼָϵˮϵֵħķ֮󣬽ͿԶתҪ
СģӹһӡıУԼָһһ˳ȥ
ոԽˮϵķ֣ĻΧŷָʼȼգͬʱһϢǲ˷ָͼͨһ뷽ڡ
ҿ׼ӣ־ֻ֪棬Ȼħǵķôӵʴʿڵص㡭
Ϳˮı֮£뷽ڵ֮ǿһתڵһԪ仯Ϊ֮׵ľ֮
֪ħ沢ԶűԼʲôΣ֮󣬷ľͶһЩðȵĻ棬һһĽԼ˳ȥ¶ڻĹ֮¡
ڵĻƺֶŭˣĻŲ˷ֱۣ͵ķȻȼһеȴڿˮĵı֮ȫֵ˷ֱ棬ܶԷı˿ѹ
ȻдƷǲдƷ仯򵥣ҲһЩƷĻݵĴݡ
ţȻҲΪһܹʹþϵĹ̥һƷƷʿ֮£ǷܹסԼһδ֪硣
һһԼĸ첲ҲǾӲûбø󣬽ֻס˹һӡͷڷȫĽԼĸ첲ȥ֮ܿľ˾ӵڱڡ
ӵڱڵʱ򣬷һ㶡
ͣһ֮󣬷͸ӵȷˣȻЦ
ƷƷķһԵķЩħޣ˼
ѹħܹһƷķȴɱʿѹţԭΪԭ
Ʒ˵ȷʵƷķӹɵģı仯ǿĻգħеܹ֮ѹסһսɱƷӽƷʿ
ǴƵĲ˵ӱ˵ЩƷʿıȣǺЩʿʹõ鱦ϴһأ
鱦Ǻôþ衢ͭȸֶʯƳĲģлҪϲϣܹŸָãʿһôûƻ鱦
أָͷڱڵʱ򻹲ţһ޴ƷߴƷķȻͨľġ
ɴ½ϾͨũõũҲǾģʿǶڶȷ涼źܳɫĵã־̵ּܹũߣͨϰڸԵȷ涼ܹõõЧڣһõƷȻͨþģ
Ҳ÷ŵԭΪӾĻ棬ڻ鱦ֻþĻƾʲô޴ķ
һԵģҲ֧ŵν
ħǻ⡭ħ޴½Դѷĵزѹǲҽɴ½ķӵٸߵƷͬʿʹԼķʱ򣬽һԷڻûзӳʱͷˣ


119 
ʵϣµûû
ħ޴½ϵԴ˵ȷʵ쳣ѷǶħޣҲֻܹþ֮ıȽϼ̵Ĳ취ȻҲûԼơ
ܿģͷΪʲôħþܹƷķ
ֳԼһ˿ͨԼֱֱӽӵڲʱˮ
ھӵڲϲžħԼģȻһ
ое
ûϵʿƷͻƵƷĺö
ڷɴ½ϵʿ˵ӴͻƵڣһϾӵн𵤣ʿһḯģ˽ҲֻԼԪϵӣֻӵԪ֮ʿܹ壬帯ˣˣǿԪ壬Ҳ׾ٵ飬ֻҪʱѡ
ս𺦵壬Ԫܹϵ޲˥ϵĲ֣һֱֻսٵ壬ղǸʧȥԼƵƷʿھһʱǱ֮Ҳܹ𽥵Ķֻ֫Ԫ˳ȥҲܹ㹻ʱԼ塣
£ӴͻƵڣȻޱȵѣʿ˵׵оԼͻˣ֮ǰ˫ҪĽΪ˻ԼͻƵƷûоʱĶҲܹ취ͻƣ緽Ϊ˫ƵĽϵԪЧͲһЩͬʱҪ
ɴ½֮ϹȻƣȻңڵʿһͬһ㣬ǲᶯģҪװЩڵʿоȻֻ֮ҪҵˣƷʿͻƵڣΪһ
û˻֮쾫Ʒһַǳ˷ѵ顭
Ƕħ˵ûзɴ½ϵĸָĶʯȻоħ޴½ȴ洦ɼƽ£ħʱҲоǾЩ쾫ƸָһԷ
쾫ǳ죬ﶼܹͻԾЩֻͨľ죬ȴҲܹӳӦеֻͬʿͷʱ򣬱Ĵʿܹ׵ƿǵķ
ڵķ۷ž⡣
ѾˮҲ˳˵Ʒľ磬ΪҪһ£ýܹ֮ԼͻƵڵģȻڣＸԿ϶Ѿħǹһʿȴ͵ǰ
ĺûᣬ취ãǾͼ˹ˡ
ڷϲʱֱԼ첲ˮѾʼ𽥵ܽˣͳ˸첲ص˹һӡı֮С
ǼȻΧסңҲʱȥˣĻãҾͽᣬȫ˰ɡ
ЦȻٶˮԼĸ첲ٴν첲˳ȥ
ƺ˷ĲͼӿĻȵñŷ첲ˮڸڣȴܲˣԼĸ첲ɿ˾ӵڱڣ
ڱڵͬʱĬķһɼı˹˳ֱָ˷ڡ
ȻͳԼ֣ʼһ˿
귽ȫ澭ʮ֮һ˿ʼԽʼ鶴죬ʶĸһ˿ΧתһȦȻѡһɽͻĵطһͷ˽ȥһֱ굽ĺ֮ڡ
ĺ֮ڣͳһ˿ȵĻ档
һĻȻԭܹ鶴ڵ壬ȵĵػ𡭡
ıɽ˺ˮ½أڣ˵غˣ鶴ڵ壬ڳһϵĽ
ֱ仯ʱľ֮н˷Ժ֪£˸֪ʶִзʽ֮ͨ
ʽȱǺεȵĴǻۣ
̲ס̾Ϣǰķɣ˸ɽֹ
һ˿֮󣬷ѧˮԼ壬Ȼһߣһξ࣬һ˿͹ˡ
ϴˮʱ򣬷ͳԹյĹԼȫܶһԵĽˮսȥҲĹһ£ȫڷǲܹһеսȥ֮Ƕʱ䲻ܶǸǽԼΣյľء
ԣӵֺ͹ĳ̶ֳҲһֱ
ҿӲǺģǱ˴͸ģúȫм䷢ʲô飬ֻǿڲϵŻ棬Ѿ˳ɼֻǷֿ̫ǿһһĵֿžӵĽ
ÿһ˿һ˿Ҫüһʱȥڷ߶̫飬ڽ鶴֮ÿһ˿һ飬ȻһطȥһֱغΪֹ
Թʱһ˿ǰغ֮ǰʵʵĴڷڣӿ춼С
ǷҲٳɵģȻĵһһ
ʮͷϣ鶴ڣ˵һλɽ
ӿɽһƬ˴룬Ũˮֱգγ˵һƬ꼣ƣŻ˵һꡣ
ΨһźǣĶĴ꣬ǴĶġΪ鶴ڣڻûз硣
У׽ӣáŻһذǸʱҴžܹΪƷʿ˰ɣ㽵š
ŵغڵԽԽ࣬鶴죬ʼ𲽵˻Ҵկھסƽԭ֮ϣûܵⷽš
Ϊ鶴ڵĻԪļǿŵԪ𲽵Բס
ǰ鶴ڵԪ޾ģڷ˵о޾ΪĵĲ̫࣬Ͼһ鶴ڵٶƷʯԹܳʱģڽԴڵУͬ˺Ԫ鶴ԪﵽһΪֲĳ̶ȡ
ķҴկˣ˵ȽϵͼʿҲ΢ģȻûб仯ĻʵҪԪԽԽ࣬һֱ벻Ļ鶴ͻ˻ɲſʼʱӡ
һ㷽֪ȻˮȺ룬ټ֮ǰǸ͵ĺԪƽĶȹѹء
ҲǷˡ
𲽱ȡܹĻҲԽԽȫԷɲκεɱǷϵùһӡģŻˮĶԿԻĺǣѾȥ˶೤ʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ȼ֪ĺѾȵޱȽˡ
Ͼû뵽ַΣʵԽԽǿҲڵȴţȴȫϣԼͻ֮ٳȥʮˣ
ûбȵԼԼһӵ׳Լĸˡ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ġ


120 ɱ
Ѿʮˡ
һ˴žȻܹƷĹ֧֮ʮ죡쵰Ϊʲôܹһ㣡
ޱȵѿԭ˷֧ʮѾ˲ˣȵʮ֮ÿĶ췽һֲ֧סȻ󡭡һֱڡ
ҲѾкܶ˿ʼжˡϾʧô죬϶кܶѾע⵽һ㣡Ѿռ䶼ˣҲ˵ᱻ˲ġһЩĵ
˵ͷ֪˵ĶǶԵģȻֻһСʿȻȴܹǣ浽ܶඥĴڣѧԺ˾Ͳ˵ˣǺϲĹƺȻ˵ʱ򾭳ʧܳʱ䣬Ȼ˭֪ȥĶ˵Ƿǳټע⵽һ㡭
ˣֻҪǵ֣ҲܹȥġֻҪǵ֡
Ҳﻢ£ܲһȺ˾ôߣοħ޸һԷǾԲʿģĻɴ½ֽһƴѲħ޵ж˵ͻὫЩصĸħǣ
֮ǰҺѧԺŭѾħʮȥ߰ˣǵжڶ֮Щħ޼ʮһΪԼ¶˻ħĴڵĻôԼʮ˳ӻȥˣҲٸпĳͷ
ֻڱ˷֮ǰɵô쵰ͻûɵأôǿķֵܹƷĹʮ죿
쿪ʼЩħ컨׹Ʒʿû˳ĸɵ
ʮ˶Եķҵʱ򣬷ǵķգʼֹ
һ˿ʮ˴ƷʿƷʿɱ䡣
һ˿յʱ鶴ĵغ֮ڣʼӿȵĻ棬⿪ʼ壬ĸо
ӿŵΣ˷УѾﵽĽ𵤣ʼ˱仯
ޱȼ̵Ľ𵤣ʼһ˿˿ѷ죬ʱòһ㲻Ĺ飬һͷһģһССӰǿϢ˷ĵ֮
ԪӿӷӿǸССģϹ⻪ˮϱ仯ŵӰͺʹ̼֮£Ӱһʼʣʵ
ƷԪӤڣܹͱ࿹⣬ͱԪãಹԪӤƷʿܹﵽı˰
ھ󲿷ֵʿ˵ܹͻһؿڣҲܹӵƷΪֻǿٶζѡ
ͻ˵ӤؿڣͶûʲôؿڣֻҪϵϵĴԪԪӤøӵǿ󣬵һ֮ԪӤܹɳΪԪܹǧʱȻȻľͻƷΪ
ԪӤֺʿͬ
ͷһԪӤҲܹͨ鶴죬鶴ڵԪΪãһʿԪӤԼԪĲͬѾ˲ԪȫԪӤԼȫͬķ
Ҳ˵ڽսУսһ㣡
սǿһһͨʿһ֣ͬʵսֺֹһ
˵֮ǰʮƷʿЩͷ۵ĻôʱܹһһɱöԷһӲˣ
Ҫ֪ʱģˮļԻ֣ڵľӻѾһտˣȻ֣ɱеļˣôʣµĺҪӴܣӲģ
ƬѾޱȵϤս
ܹŵĺˣͬʱоڳʮķ֮ͻȻİ
ãڸɵǸһˣ
¶ϲɫȻѾֹͣͷŷ˵ŵĶԷѾʬ޴棬ﶼѾճ˻ҽ
ޱһ㣬ΪǸʮĶ˵ȻһԵģͣ·ͷžֻֿܣһ˵ˣڶ
ԷƷʵܹƷķʮȷʵܿɹȻҲǻɻҽٱ׳Ҳκεĸı䣡
Ե͸֧еɷʱûģһ㣬ǺģȻһԵķôڻɱ֮Զ٣ҲǺ顣
һȥǴСˣڿ治ʲôСãӦõģƷĺ֮¶֧ʮ죬⿿ʮˣ뻹·ģ
ǰȥҪ̽һ¾
ھӷҳУһ˫Ө˳һϴ֮һһ֮ŷ
ƣƣ
ʿ׼֮£һȭһƻԼϣͬʱͷҽУ
һȭһƶǧ֮Ҫģһȭϣ֮˶ԷķȻ׵֮ͻƵڣһƣǷи˶ԷļŽ͵˶Էڣ
ѾﵽƷޱȼӲʿһ֮£ͬʱ⵽˼صش
飡ССԪӤ̵Ŀ¶ķһۣ׼תѣȻ̧ͷ˫Ŀ֮⣬ֱӾͽ޷ԪӤд˸͸
ûǿ屣ŵԪӤȷҲǿĶȥ
ʿܵϮʱýһĺ׼ǰȥԮͷȴķ
ʿ̧ͷȥʱɢ
ñǰʮĹһӡһСɽһӭͷѹ
˿Ǽǵùһӡ֮ǰôһͻһģɢ֮£ֻǿԼıȥֵȻصĹһӡӷžֲͬɫĹ⻪ͷѹ
顢顢ԪӤ顭ȻܵϮ£Ա֮ǰǿöģɷԪʹĹһӡʿֻܵĵֿͱ巨Ԫ񣬱ѹһѪˮ
һ˲䣬ʮˣͱͻɱ֣ɵеĸ
ʣµˣֻʵĶޱȾĿŷ
һ־ɱĸ飡Ȼ˵⼸֮ǰҲƷʿΪĳջڳִʱƷģǱϾǳڵʿƽΪǻɣܹϵĴڣôһӴ֮䣬вһĸɵĸ
˿̵ı飬ҲòĶȥ
ܳΪ죬ΪƷΪǿԼģǿȥģ۹Ϊ˿ȴóڻϢΧƣǿޱȣ֮֮ǰ֪ǿ˶٣ѾͻƣﵽƷڵľ磡
˵ǵݣĻ˵ĵ
췢һЦ
˵ѵһܻկѾ˰ɣΪǼ˶ǵЧңΪ½Ͼֻһˡǻѡߵģ٣ȥ֮ǲһ
ǡǾǱҿɱˡ΢΢Ц
ٲϻһƣʼŲͬķʼܣ
Ҳʼɱɽɱ
⻹һĴɱ䡪ǶޣǶʿ


121 
Ȼ˵ƷʿܹշУȻںɽڣȴûܹһ㡪ɽϿյĽսƣ޷ӿϮŹ֮⣬ʿֻʵʵýɽأøõеĿܡ
ĵΣʣµĺˣֻܳһҲǺɽһغŹصķܡڣǺɽأҲǺȥģ඼޷ֻͨһ·ȥ
ȻǷͷܣȴһġ
ƣƬֵϤµʱ䣬ʲô·谭ʲô·ϵ٣ʹɱһɱ
ʱѾȺϣ׷ϵĺ˾ƷʵԿȻѾɥʧĶֵ֣ܹһ
Ԫ񣬹һӡܹӳʵӵԽսʵ֮£ԶƷʿ֣ƷʿҲûһս֮
ѹԵ֮£ֻҪ׷еĳһôһ浹ɱ
Ϊ׵ĺӵһɽʱ֪Լֻʣ¹¼ҹˡ
ѾϢӣҲӲ
㻹Ļᡣ
һŸߴľ֮ϣȻĿ
˵档
ȻûܹӵҲûκ뷨Ź˵˷Ҫ֪ĶͬҲŹ֪Щ˵Ŀ£ȻôҲûлͷĻᡣ
ڹһӡһ֮»ɢ죬һûκεͣ
ʮ˵ʬûڵأǴ鶴졪ӦҪΪֺǱ𣬶ڣǸǴѾñĽ
ʮߺ˵ʬ壬կͶͯǣͬʱ˱ݵĿ
ǵսѡˣʮ˶ȥȻñȴҲֻǿϼʧȥˡսѣԶҲصǵˡ
ڿ޹ֺ֮£կٶȹ˷ǰϰߵķʽԣկΪĸӹᱳѣ
ǣֻǵ
ȴûнеĹͶԼϣֱ˵ĵɱǵģǱʵĿģֻΪ˶ԸҶѡ֮֡ҲԸ½ǵЧңһ֮ԸҵĻôҵУǽͷҴһҵҵֵܣǣһģޱ˴ˡ
ǶѾˣɽʼûǰ;ġνǲǵĺҲɽû˻ǣֻ㣬ŻὫǿֵܡԺûկˣǶǷҴˡֻնѡ
ִ󵱼ҳֿ˵ȻֵǱǷȻϾʮ˲ǵŻկֵܳΪźӵֻڷɵʮˣĻ֣ǸûȥԸΪ飬ǾΪҲʲô
֮УҲȻĺ
Ȼ˵ҲͲٽˡ
˵ͷӽԺկ˺ͷҴһҵֵܡֶһ齨һȫµļ壬ΪǼǰ;һͬȥܶɣ
ҴկһһǧʮˣͬʱԷΰݣȻҪΪһ廹кܳ·ҪߣȻڴ˿̣Ҳġ
һδ½ļ壬һ̣ԼĳΡ
뿪鶴֮󣬷ʼŹڷɱֺ֪֮Ѿȥʮˡ䷢ӣҲǷӦȥҩĵޣɲϣԼһԶŵ
ʮУı岢ûܵʲô𺦣ڴҩҲûܵʲôʧȻ͵Ȼغһˡ
ʱʮ죬صŹصķٴ⵽Χۣܶ˶ں淽ȥĶˡ߽չʱͿһ滨ĴŮԼ˹
ȥˣô첻Ӱ֪жൣ𣿡
ֱӾͳ˷ĻȻȭͷͶŷһҴ򡪡֪Ѿ˳뿪֮󣬻ԴֵȷȥģһҲûӰš˿ô㡱ͷŹأҪСһÿ
Ź֮һʣҴ޴ӱʾѾһû׬ȡˣȻƲɶҡֹһûгֵĻôͽ˳õڶá
ڶǴҡ
żҪɱ˵۹⣬޴þ취֤ԼûҪɵõһĽҲǲ̫ҪϵΪ˵ûʲôãȥףûҪðҵķա
Լӵ֪Է˵жôҪǵһ췽ûгֵĻǾ˵ˡ
ڼҪʧȥĵʱѾ׼Լȫȥҷʱھֹһʱ򣬷ڳˡ
Ҳѹֹ»ʧ̬֮ǰѾҪȥԼĸףȥѰ䣬ͨҵȴҲԱȻ˷
ҲûȥĶֻȥչ˶ѡ
˹ȥĳѾħ޹һ˵ȥϾû֤ݣĺܶܣҲȷʵûͣ޷ԼܹƷħĹ֮˿ˡ
ڷҲֻܰɻ
ȥչˡһѾƷΪˡ
ԼˣʱѰҩġ֮ǰҴիһ嵤ʣµҩβҪȥ
һ㵱԰ֵʱҲһҿѾż뿪չȻЩʿ֪Ǽ춼ȲƵף·ż񣬿Ҳ⵽˵Χġ
ȥưֲǲ֪ЩϲȾơ̾˿
ŶԭȻˣʼԼǴСˣҵԼͻƵ˳ƷȻȥѼҩģôѹϣѹֻô쿴Ӱ
뵽Ｇ㷴ЩˣԼڽţ˿Ц
ڡҪȥĶ
ٶȱļʷ
и̾һ²Ů˻Ůޣ֮󣬺ȻĻشȥիӦֹ֮ǰβȥģȻʧԼˡ
ۣ
֣һ£Ȼŷ۾¶ΣյĹâ
իǸŮƹ𣿺ߺߣ˵ŮӺ˲𣬲ʮͣիΪҴ뱱ҩ̣¢˴һɵĵҩ⣬Ůӣ治ء
ûв㻰Σյ˼ǵ˵ͷͦ򵥵ġһŮ󣬿ţӢˡ
ȻͲ˲ԡ
ǲϣȢõһ
㳶ס˷Ķ䣬Ӷʨ
ûаֻѣ齨壬Ȼһõĺ顭Ҫ齨һļ壬ôȢһ
æ׵
糺˼գЩ˼ջ֣Ŷԭֻ𣿺úãҴˡھҪȥȥ
ԼĶ䣬̾һһμʱû뵽Ƣô󰡣Ǹ̳ӡ
˵ʲô
ûУʲôû˵


122 ûԼ
ͼһͬիʱ򣬵õϢȴѾӭ
һȥʮûϢҪ˵۲ֹǲ̫ܵģȻ˵õķҩƳô൤ҩիֻ͵¯ĳɱȻҲһСĿôҩʦ˹Ҫƹе¯ҲǵüȥοϹ嵤ҩƶˣεʧҲ治١
ȻȺ²ûбκεĲ۵ѹȴеһ˴ôļҵҫͬҲǸ
ԵչϢ֮ͷһɡȻ֣ҲδػβϾֻǿͷԼûʲôʵʵԼǷ֣һõźš
Ѿիǰʱо͸ӵƶˣλիĴϰҲĵӭի
һȥôõʱ䣬ɷСŮˡλǡ
۱Ǵ㿪Цģһ仰˵һ룬ͷַվ˸ɫޱѿŮת˻⡭
ҲЩɵۣ۴˼νȻԷޱȵĺƣǶΪһ˵ı֣͸ȴһ־ǧ֮ĸоԴҲûʲôо׵ģϾһŮӹôһݼҵ붼뵽лָˣз֮ļֱ̫ˡ
£ȴһܵЦһ˲䣬뷨㣬ǹҵİɣ
Է˿ڿЦšһ׾ŮӺ໥Ľʱ򣬱ҲʲôǵŮһǿʿŶĺ̨ʱ򡭡
ǷԼƤƾָһݺݵһ£Żش۵⣺ҵͬѧҵѡҼϱ㣬㣬ƹģ
ͬѧ֣˷£֣˷£ֱӾ˵ϱ֣¾ֵЩԲˡ
СӿûʲôԼվ˳װµӵλիƹ˰ɣСȻȴҲŹĴأ֮̽磬ʱôһݻҵֱŮеĿģ
һֶ˵ȴŮ˹Ȼǲְǿ˶Է֮꿪ʼ̽磬Ȼǿʱ䣬ڷɴ½֮ϣһŮӶʮ껹û޳ȥҲǱȽټġȻʿ⣬ʿԪƳҲϣ䲢̫ء
ޡŮ˵˵⣬ǾͲ̫òˡ
۲ȻĿһȻʵۿʼʱҲʮء㹫Ҳ֪һȻ鴫
Ů˼䣬ǣֳի˹ȥѷ׵󣬷ҡҡͷ޿κεı˫֣˽ȥ
һֱߵԺŷſ۵֣վԱߡЩˣΪʱһֱڹ۲ۣȴ󷽵Ůӣƺ̶һ㶼֮£˴˿ִ٣òȻȴӺݻ
ܶϣȢȥ󸾵ģŮˡ
ѰҩĻһЩʱ䡭ƹľõˡһôǴںһѰģ;ôʱ䣬ҲȷʵЩ˼
֮ǰȴãЩĽ˵õ޿ǻûأҲǸ۰˰֣Ц
ⷿ׼ãʵ֮ܲǰֱҩĵڳ˶û
׼ˡֱӽؽǰ涼Ѿ˷󣬻ľ̲˱ĻֻҪűķŽȥ㹻ˡ
˵ͷȻӻͳ˸֮Ŵ˴
Ӵк˳һɺɫľɵĺһɫ̲ɵֱӷɢؽ֮У
һʼ㻹⣬һ֮ҲЩˡǶҩİ
⡭һǶ٣ȵؽȫ֮󣬼һ䡣
šش
ٶȻⶼǵͼҩģֵҲܸߣĳʵ̫ˡ
βѵĳٴˣǡ
۹˹֣ʹż뿪ի˼ҲͰˡ˴Ŷڣαٴȥ
ƲŷŹõķ棬ͷЩʲô
ҲûȥʮνľȻõͻƣϵҪģ˫ԻĺˣҲǺķϸʱ״ܺãȴЩۡ
ԷֱӾʹҪԼӺúõϢһ£ԱߣԼİȫб֤
ʵ϶ԷûԼ˵̬ȣ㵹һֱǷǳϲģԷŴ붨Աߣϲ̵ĿŷѾһ˿˪
ʿòϣϵֻ顣
ŷ¶һ˿ƣ֮ɫЩĪʹϱ̫Ķ𣿿ǣĽֻԼ˱ˡ
Ҳûдãֻһӵʱ䣬۾ٶȱþ
ˣΪ˴˴죬Ӫܹڲǽõ𣿡ʵ
ǰǲеģڡںһ֮󣬿˵ƺõʲôǰʱʽͻƵƷΪ췽ӪҲءЦĵ
ԭȻĵͷ˵бһѵõ츳ʿľ󲿷ֶԽڲǽеս£൱Ŀ죬һʱӶƷƷӪг˼֮⣬һˡ
ƽ֮УҲкܶʵ˰̾Ϣһ
Ҵ˽ܵ飬ȻֻԴޣҲڵ
Ȼ֪˵ʲô˴󹦡ܸˣѾȡϵþˮǽԴ˵ˣȫƽӵѡ츳꣬µԴѵǣȫƽѡѧԺֿԺȫͷò˶ʮ꣬Ҵ뽫ӵһµҲҴͻһԾΪǿĹȣ
΢΢ͷȻҺѧԺǾ˵ҺѧԺһ飬ֻҪܹ޼䣬ô룬ܹ̩ɽ
ȶҪ齨Լļ壬ͻӵķ㣬Ͼºó
̸һᣬͻȻһ¡
ղ㽻ʣµĲϣΪʲôû۰ԼҪҪҩô죿ߵĵ
ΪûʲôԼЩεĵ
ûԼʡ
ǰʱֻǿͷԼҸİҩģһ嵤֮ǰֻҪڽ첹ôࡣ˳ڻش
ôĽףȻֻǿͷԼô㣿üëٴ
һ̾
ҶѣȻһ
ҲŲأƾʲôôŵù㣿˵֮䵽ʲôϵ
ûʲôϵֻǶҪһںĶѣҪ齨Լļ壬͵Ҫһ飬Ҳ뿴ֵòֵúô򵥡
ô򵥣
ģ
ðɣҾ㡭


123 Ʒ
ȣѾˣסĶȥ˿ɫȻ
ΪʲôҪߣҾʹˡ
һҲ붪ҡ
йŮģǲǲ̫ðЦ߯ġ
ʲôأôķ䣬ҴϢ𣿡üë
ôĴ˯˷˰
롣
㲻мĺһȻóһȡ
ʲôһϵóǼıȣֻһ̶̵Ĺһ㶼ۣȴڼһƷ֮֮һͷľϵƷ޵ĻУϸľϵɵģʱΪ˱һƷķ޷סͷƷ޵ĻǣĵܵܣԳ֣Īס޻ǣŷƷ𲽵ͷų޵Ϣüܹ޾Ѫ²ɡܹڼң֮ǰһֱӵԽսʵ
ԶҪＧһҲ쳣ѵ飬ӵܾûĴڶҵĵλɼһߡ
ڼóӣҲ÷һ
ʲôߣ㡣һ±ȣȻڷͼ֮䣬ƾյð˳ܿһʵʵǽ˷ָ˿
˯ɡĵҹĻߺߣԸ
Ų΢΢趯ƺڳԼʾǽðټ⣬ӣȻ
ҲȻȴ֪Ǳߣָоüúİ
ȻһתͷͿ˷
ˡ͸ǽϵһ󶴣ĶԼк
㡭гôģôϢľ͡
ܼ򵥰ҲľϵģһƬˡĵ
Ĭһ¡
һᣬýʵʵķЦã͸ڵĿŷЦ
ϵĵ
ЦĶԷ֣Ȼܰĵı۾
ҹһһˡ
ڶʱ򣬷˹һҹ˯úܰģʱԼϥǣԱ߿ϴ΢Ц
ܹĽˡҲҪͻƵһƷΪ˰ɡ
ЦǰϣҪʲôӾͺá
ѾƷʿˡһѾʱ̣ԽûʲôģİɡЦأ׼ʲô
°ͣûáҪȰѼⷽûʲô顣
İɣһжˡʲôģҾͺáԼؿڣⷽ棬һЩĵõģС;ѧϰ֪ⷽʶóˡ
һ£ȻӦˡȻСΪһģôⷽ϶Ҫѧϰģ̺ҪӲʩȻúܡ
Ҿ͸ˣһֱļ彨ΪֹƷҾ͸һȥ
ûҪɣɻûԺҵء
ڽԺѾˣ˵ˣӪп˵ͳţڲҲûʲô⣬룬٣ĺɽԺҲʲô谭ءЦĵ
ʼ򣺡ðɡȻ֣Ҳûʲô˵
ߣȥɡ˵ʵоҵ֮ǰӵеĻ϶ѾõˣŹڵĽҲһ߾ںżȻ»õģԸɴΪĽñˡӸµĿŷ
ȿȡȻ˱𴦣һ£ơԼȹӡ
ڼȷһŵʱ򣬷ݵǿȥѾȲҪˣ
Ḷ́˳
ȻѾͻƵ˵ƷΪͻƵģ֮ǰĳɼЧµʱ䣬Եһλңңȣõûκ˲
Ȩı˽ļ㵱ʱŹصصأ÷ȥչҲ˸Ű׹ֱӾͽŹŵڿڡŹȫĵط
ڿʱڿĴžͷˡ˷ڲԴ֮⣬ˣֻпԱ롪ֻ˵ŹѾˡ
ȻŹ˶뱱ҪڣΧĸڹͬһ᲻ɴݵķߣеĹٷפʮ֮ޣȻܹԿ޵ĳԼ˴ٽѹ
ϥ֮󣬷ǰƯŰɫ˼һᣬһָֻĵм䡣
Ѿˮͱоڵľν쳣ḻˣʱ򣬷ۿ鶴ọ̈̄ĺôֱ޷
ָʱûоͬˮһĽ뷽ڣȻΪϸСĸ֮ͬһϸСһ㣬˲ӿ˷ڣ
ƺһҿ쾳кеĽ𺡵ʱ򣬾й࣬Ҳ׼ӴԪסЩ֮Ȼ澭ʹС֮ת
ѾȫϤ˷ڵҲʼӦ֮֮ӿ鶴֮С
鶴ڵķҴկ˲ûвһ㣬ڷʶע֮£֮ΧΧʮʱ䣬ƺһҵԼ֮ء
Ͷ塣
е£е뺣УٶһȦһ׹Ϊĸֽʯԭ½Ϊһ壡
ˮ𡢻
ˮס壬øӵļ̣غ˵ȻڲϵǣеԪأ𽥵ںһ
ڵ壬һӣֻȱľȱٷףȱ
ԲطСλ磬õ硣
ڵ鶴죬ʵĻȱģȻȱ鶴죬ҲȲűõʱ˲֪ٱ
Ũ˷ڣĿޱȾдϢڽΧȫתһȦ֮󣬽ȫע뵽ǸССԪӤ֮ڣ
ССԪӤͻȻǰʮĴСԪӤ͵޵ʱ򣬴ԪӤڣƮƮȻٴ߳һԪӤ
ţ߳˵ڶԪӤ
ԪӤվòǺͷһģһվ֮ԪӤͬʱǣһǿԪӤ֮صѭһѭ
ڵĴС֮⣬ٴγһ졣
Ը죬֯ԶĹƷʿǿ֮Լ󷨣ܹ֮ȱǿʮս
ʿ˵ҲֻǼ򵥵ĵӶѣܹʹþֲͬĹ̥ȴṩ˸սԣ
ڱ֮ǰӯʮϵЦ
ڣ볤۷Ʒ񾳣Ҳֻʣһ֮ңڵķ㹻ڷɴ½ϺߡֻҪңڵʿˡ


124 Ҫ
ҪԼļ壬ǰû̫޶ģֻҪƷʿڻصԼļ֮󣬾ͿԳ콨壬Ȼνļ壬ûеҲûʵǿμӼѡҲ޷ʲôЧ׺Ĵͻڽ¼ĳ൱ϸĹ淶
ȣǼĸʵͻ˴ڣΪڵʿʸµļ壬һ㣬Ѿܹˡ
żĻ˵ͷѾƷʿӵƷսһƷʿδĶ֣Ҳ˵Щ˸֮⣬֡
ΣǼֵʵҲû̫⣬Ӫˣкܶ඼Ըļ壬ٿ˵оԸߣҪ֪ҸǺüҪУȴܾˡ
˿ʲôģĻܣѡģڵѡΣǿĸֵĵһֱѡһٸʵɫļ壬ŻСӵĶԿʱһ£ѡλаʱ䣬㹻ˡ
ͷڵֵǲȱ鶴ˣȫ齨ɼĳΡ
ײȱ߶սҲ̫Ƿȱȱģв㣬Ҳû취ֻĵȷҴկ
һӲʩˡȾҪһפأԼϵгҩĵĵطʿʳõ׵ڣԴԼĲУҪӵеģĻûļսʸ񡣡
ˡפأڷҴɣôҲƬɽˮĵطЦ
פأѡַɲ棬ԴĻܹüԴԶüͷ֮
а취ʮĵ鶴һָ治ûѷҴĵطɴ½κһطḻֻ֮Ƿѣ鶴棬ܹһ󣬽鶴ڵҴ֮ڵĻôҴ壬ҲͬΪһļפء
һð취ĶŪôأҪһ嶼ܹܺõҪʯһ֡ڵһҵҲƷʯȫõҲֻܹһפصóԣһ㣬γʵת䰡
Ҳ뵽һ㡣
΢΢жЦͷȻҵȻļҵˡڵǲɱޣҲܹ㹻ʯοһİ취ء
鶴飬ֻķҴկ֪㣬ֻ飬ȷԼ㹻֮ǰϣ̫֪
˵ôĿ϶˵ͷȻǾˣҶ˵ˣپȻһеϵ飬ҲҪǣܹüõתʵЩ壬Ҫ̫࣬еӵܳ׬ȡʯȻؼҪĲϣγѭкǵԴ֧ţⷽž޴ƣڹ棬ҲǱҪǺõġ
ǵģףһǳҪߴҺúõˣǼĻйӦܹɣЦ
ĴзʽȻǿõġЦܸ˷ܹԾ
ʵڵѾǷǳĺˣԴ֧Ԯ⼸ʵܹõܶĶģܹúһĻô齨ļ壬ϣƻԻ͡
ڼ㵣ĵģֻǷû㹻ľ顣
ʵһ㷽Ǻܵģķʽ˲һͻƵʱѣͻ֮󣬾ܹѸٵĴﵽǸƷ۷壬ʱϱ֮ʿ֪ʡ˶١
ڷڶ̶̰ڣһƷʿѸٵͻƵƷʿΪϵıڼȥͻƷǲõ飬ϾÿƷǰһƷ̥һı仯úõȶƷĲ֮ͬѰҸսʽĻô׳⡣
ԷûмȥѰоʣµľڵʱĿʵһеͣ㹻Ļͻ֮󣬷ûΪʵʲôʣͻУԺһҲǹû
ͻƵƷΪʱ򣬷͸оԼľЩȣ̫ƥ䱩ǵʵο˵弶Ҳûк˽֣ȻĻǣҲδܹñǰֻƷʵʱøá
οľѪǿƤ͵ԪӯͻƷ϶ǿʵʱúõĴһ»Ļضź󻼡
ȥפأҲǷĥԼһûᡣ
㣬롭㲻ҪһȥˣЩܼ򵥣ûҪ㡣ż
У˵Ժ󶼲뿪㣡ҧ촽ǿҡͷ
Һγ뿪㡣̾ϢһǣиҪȥ졣
ʲô飿һ㶡
Ժ߷ӪˣҷҪ齨Լļˡ
Ц˸˷ܵĹâ˵СнǣܹԺҵˡǲԺǱޣǻصȥĻϣܹҡҵֵܣҵļ壬Ҫҵֵһ
죬Ϸ˵еҲ֪ڷӪ˵ĿУŶôߵĵλ
ӪнĴӵ֮⣬󲿷ֶƽӵܣЩƽӵܰķչǺͻƴڣ볤ڣýԺǱޣڶٷһǳְλĻģڷ齨˷Ӫ֮ЩƽӵΪţ㹻Ļ֣Ӷ֮ϻ˸õĴڻûʲôĻлԺڶһӪλáǿٺܹﵽʮƷʯְλ
ƽӵܱȹӵҪӵĶøжΪû̫ǣ㼸õ֪Ϣ֮󣬰ҵķӪĳԱУ٣ҲһԸ뷽ļ壡
ҵķӪԱˣǶǼпܳƷΪﵽƷΪʿֻһԸŷҲһٶ۷嵽ڳڵʿһɼµٴпĶʮ棬ӵµĸ߶
һӻƼҾͿԿˣƼˣƷʿֻʣϣѾֻأĸֵвٶƷʿȻڸ߶ϣȴȫ޷ͷӪȣ
⵹Ǻ飬ϾӪѧԺһѧɾڣѧԺĵλÿҵѧԱԺɨٴкʮĴڣ
Ȼ»ȱвǹǴӸ߶˵κһ嶼ϾһңʿҲ̫࣬ҪսڳʿУϰٸڵʿĶһɲɺӵ
ˡ˵ͷ֪ڷжôҪȻ᲻ãҲֻͬˣ󡭡һģʱҲϣ뿪ˣ
һġ˵ͷ
һǻ˼ԻΪһ񣬼˷һۣȻȻת뿪˷ķ䡣
ܿģǼݣҪ뿪صѧԺ


125 ̨
뿪֮󣬷ûм뿪ȥһ´ң޴Ӹ̾һŹصʱֻǶƷʿȴѾͻƵƷ֮ҲֵչһԼҪ뿪Źصĵ顭
ǰʱ޴ӷܷͼǿҲһͻƷΪ˳ڵƷʿŹȻӦ׼̻ؼңȻȥ޸ĵطȥˡ
Դ˰죬˵Լ⣬Ҫһݹڼڽ͹滮ļ
⵹ʲô̫ܵĶļ嶼Уֻǿ屾ʵԴӵг̶ȶȲͬѣԴҺʹľͽԼ̵ֳۣһݳҲϣܹ÷ǵԼһ顣
ļȻ⣬ϸڵľ尲÷ͷؽ඼ϸڷ棬ԼȥĻ²֪ҪķѶ߶·Ƴôһϸ©Ĺ
˵ˣĳԱżܹõĺô壬ҲܹڳԱĹеõĺôĵԴתøӵãǾڡ
֣˫Ӯ
޼Ҳǿİ˴֮һϸڰ֮ܣ˼֮ȫ÷ҲʲôֻҪݷһЩϸ΢ĵǾ͹ˡ
Զ֮Թ֮ϼԦ֮֮ǡ
ļպ֮󣬷˴ңûмŻطҴ壬ȥһ˺ҪȥľƣԼٶഢһԴá
ҪҴһʺϵļפأҪķѵԴҲǶúء
֮󣬷ܵǵһӭҲԷ޲ڣҪ֪֮ر֣ǵΪʲôֻÿץ׳ҪǰѾƱһѵ״̬Ǻȵģȵ÷ġ
һͷӣȻ˼˰Ǽ˶ϲòˡ
ŷָǰѷϰ̳һһűķźã΢΢ЦͷһۣһоڲС
Ǻܺã˵ʵԸǺƽʿ࣬ǵࡣ
ŷļʱദѾǵǣǿʼϲҲ岻ʱı죬Ҳ֪˲ٷ顭
˵Ҫ齨һ尡ѹҪôԴЩûʲôãҪþȫߣĻģֻҪϵоƹǣǾ㹻ˣؿ˵
ƽʱǳģǶʿʯҩĶûʲô󣬶˼ʳҲû̫ȤϲֻǾˮǲʿֻŷڻ˸
ҾлλˡЦĴ˹֣ҲǸ¶ǵļˣȻиԼƣʱһλޱ⡣
ܺãѡɽ߹ŷļ򣺡Ҫʲô˸Һԣǣһ˭ǾƵ·Ǿǵĵˣ˵ǲǣ
ǣǷ׷׺
⻰ٶȴϲ
Щʲôˣܹңʿǣһ壬˵ײԱм͸߶ս֮⣬ܹв˵ңʿԭҲȱ
Ǹĳŵڱĵطǰﲻæǵ̫֡߶һЩˡ
Ǿлˡһ岻ף·ƣǰ;λǶǣݵĸлֻûб󣬷ֻҪʲôṩģ
ҲôˣоƾͺãɽЦ
ˣ˵һæŪһæʮˣļˡʵ
Ŷû⣬үӴ˲ͽܣҲⷽмңһǰŵøãҾܴǹشͰźõ飬ҪȻҲ
ǲ̫ȥľڡϾҪһȥţܵĻ޸ɣҪ֪ͨǣǾ͹ȥæԼе
ԷȻݹһöʯöѶʯעǵϢֻҪǾܹ֪Ķ飬ǾܹͨȥĴȥǡİɣǲͨĴȥģԶǲȤ
ЩöʯǹȻֻܵԼ͵͵һ󣬱֪˵ĻԼѹҲûʲôˡ
ϾǶķԼ̨ӲҲܹİɡ
мĹϣҲúúõĥһ¡
öؼʱܹȴԼľʯ뿪˺Ǿסĵطڵɽеȴһҹ֮󣬷ʮͽܴ鶴д˳
ʮ˶ʲǺǿȴƺ촢ˮźܸ츳ƽҲǷҴˣϾҴҲزһ־ˮģ̫ղ罻ҴҲڳʲôõʿ
ʮ˰æҲôˣ֪׼ڷҴԭַ齨Լļʱ򣬷ֱǸ˻ˡ
ǵǸԼѾƷʿˣƬɽ־͹ˣҪ֪ͨϬҵƬɽֵֻ֮أ϶ҲкôġüɫĶԷ
˵ͷǵõʱԼȻһƷʿܹͨԼĴ޼ҴõƬɽ֣ҲǸԼһˣ
ҴռزرĴȻƬɽռȴǳĲСḻҲĵطҪ΢Ũһ㣬Ȼʱ޼ҴҲҪͷҴƬɽ֡
ڰƬɽּĻפܹԲǧ֮ңЩפصҲʶã
ţȻǶԼѾӮˣôƬɽ֣ҲͲҪŹˡٺٵЦ
׼ȻطҴ壬ȻѷҴŪǵפأǵ죡緢ĵ
ҿһҪȥʱԼңҪҲڣǰһ˵᲻˵ģ˵ˣͳʲôģҲ벻ءĵ
ÿɷĵ˵ͷȴ
ɲߣҪˣʮСòô죿ɽĵ
ɽʮͽܿɶҲҰɣǿ϶ܹú׵ġ˵ˣʹˣҲ˶ˣҾϣǵĴӱǵļפأһ˼ҵԸ
£һȺļļƣһսǿ治ɫһϲͷӿ޳ӣǻֽš
Сӿ϶ܸɵúãҪǲеĻһģǣͷȥһ۰ɣҲĿ
ޣæҵİѷǶһۣ޿κεĵðɣġɼǵҪ
Ǹ𣬵ȵͷһ˺ͷӾˮЦĵ߿ߣѾȲأ
޿κεҡҡͷʼƭǰ﴾ӵеȥ
÷鶴죬ӿٶȣŹؼȥ
ԻصҴ֮飬ҲǺڴأ


126 סһ
һʱӺŹأƷʯĴ֮ͨŹڵĴ󣬷𿤣뷽Ҵ壬Ѿ̫Զ
ݴ󿤣ΪϽ֮һٽҲһָĴݡ
𿤵Ĵ֮߳󣬷ûдයֱȥҴ壬Ȼո߳һ΢Ϥ
ⲻǷѧѧܲԺǱޣΪλ˴
̾һ¿еС鷳ˡ
̾̾תǸһʿ˹˹֣ѧã
֮ǰԺһָĶʿ㣬ڼ˷ҵûԺʱ򣬺Ժһ꣬ѹסҺҵɫӵܣռ˽Դõطһ꣬ϧڷԺ֮Խսص㷴ռ˾޴ıˣԺĵһ¾սʱ̷˺㣬ռ˽Դһص㣬֮һ꣬һλãûдӷ߹
һ֮󣬺Ȼ뿪ԺһʱʲôûɳɣԺʱƷΪ뿪ԺʱƷΪƷƷûʲôؽڣľǲϵˮĥԼԪȻȻĻһڽԴõĵطҲû׷ϼ˷֮ǰĽȡ
ܴ˴㲢ûѡԺƷΪҲû˷һ˴һ߾ѡ𿤣οء
߾ͳ죬ڵش󿤵Ŀأӹְ˵û̫ģһȻı߾ÿʱÿ̶ںһǽսõģ½εĿأϾͲϴһأԺƷΪ̵һλãҲĳһá
Ժһ꣬ռһõλȴһֱûܹͻƵƷ飬֪ģһպ̲鴫ʿһ۾Ϳ˷
ҵǹòˡѧ㣬ΪʲôԺ𣿻ǲˣȣѧͻƵƷûаҪǲʲôĻǵøѧ˵ѧȻڵҲûʲô룬ƷʯǰϵġЦŷļ
ŶڵǲҪѧԺļ٣Ҵһ£ѧϽ֮˸˵鰡ɫЦ
٣ѧɲƹˤ֮ǰԺ࣬ҲһֱûͻƣǺͻԺȥ˵ʲôʱͻˡҲǺ£ѧҵĵ̣ǿɵò飡ĴЦš
һҪؼһˣͲ߶ѧˡɫЦŻش
ŶѧܵļǿˡЦҾͲ谭ѧܻؼˣʲô鷳һҪѧңάΰѧְء
û˵ʲôǹתʹ󲽶ȥֲµıӰ¶һ˿Ц
֪ҴװδЩ˰ա
ţ̤߳𿤳ǡ
𿤳ǣǧǷҴ֮ء
ǧľ룬Դ˿̵ķ˵ʲôշУ̿ɵȻڷɵҴϿյʱ򣬷Լ۾
⻹Լ֪ǸҴ
ǰķҴ壬ռȻȴɽˮɫȮ̴ͣ޴󿤳֮ȴһɽҰ⡣
һϪˮӴмιϪˮķΪԷĽ죬һƽرѳ㹻ãһھԲΣŵɽָôܹ岻ʱĴǷɴ½ģܹȫԸɽ֡
أ
Ͻڴ޽ķȫĴǱƻľ󣬺ˮ˱ȥεǿھҲƻڷҴڵĵط޷˳ȥ
һ۾ܹϳǱƻĺۼȻʮõĵ˷ôʱ䣬֮£һƬԴ֮أɽˮ
÷еޱȵķŭ
鶴߳ķҴԭĴͬеޱȵķŭ
ȺɱġǾӦðǴҲǣ
µĺһһģķҴ񣬰կͬĸе˷ŭ
ȻûסǱҴĴȾҲѾƬΪԼļ磬ڣ类ƻӣ
Ҫסһ죡ûʵǵļ԰ͱƻӣҪǼפأκƻǾҪƴ
ŭŵҴկеͬʱԼȭͷһƬӯɱֱðգʵʣ
Ҫ֪ʱǱУ󲿷ַҴ˺ͺӣڵõ˸ֵ嵤İԣ鶴ټϷȥĴѧԺѧڵ֮Ƕúܿ죬ֻǱȽǿ׳һƽձĳΪ˺ĸ֣һʱȽϺõĶѾﵽ˺۷壬ڳͻơ
һٶѾǺΪģѾ˳ͻ˺쵽ϣڡ
կʣңϷҴ٣ǱѾڵʿ׷׶ﵽͨ쾳ΪƷҲֻһ֮ң
ԭʵɫֺѾͻƵһƷʿͨԴãԼıƷ֮µĵһ֡
Ⱥһͬŭŷɱѣһʱ֮䷽ҴϿշɽ֣һһ죡
ȲҪģǴ޼Ҵǵɽֶ֮Ƭɽ֣һµ֣֣
֣֣ڷҴɽ֣
¾Ϳʼ㽫һһƷʿͨ쾳Ϊĺ֣һٶĺ֡ûд̫ˣ֮µһǾ޼Ҵ壬һ仰Ҳ˵
ȺͨɱķҴ˵ʱ֪Ӵˡ
ãи̨
ɶעˣȻֻȥʱ䡭ҷѾǳڵʿƬɽ֣ǵģ
˵ôһ仰ʱǡˡһ졪Ǹ춼㲻ϵʮСӣĳΪ˳ڵʿȻֻһͨڵĴ٣Ƿ˿չֳƣѾѹס
Ŷ𣿡
Ӫƣܿ챻һƳƣʩʩȻĴ޼Ҵ˳ģǴ𿤵ľʿƷһƷһǧˣǺܹյȫ
ѧкμ̣ȻԼ֮ǰµģԺԼļ֤ˣѾǳʿˣݾƬɽ֣ҷҴġ
üͷ֪ԼȻҲʱ޼Ҵ壬˼֤Լɾʹˡ
٣Ǿ޷ĹְԼʧЧģȻĻֻҪҵˣ˵ƢԻԼͽ֧С
ڿֻܴӱĵطҲˡ
Ҳתúܿģ˵ͷȻ˼֤ԼôԼһЧ
Щɵۡ˵õĲҪЧĻƬɽֲͻȫڷҴ޼ҴɾͳԴˣƬɽִڷҴ޼Ҵ֮䣬˫һЩĶôӷչøõģ͵ɣʴһס
Լԭģ峤˵һ飬ΪһΣͱض˫ھԵĹƽ£ϵġ˹ĵ


127 
ΪޣڳΪڵʿôƬɽ־ͽڷҴУûܳΪʿôƬɽ֣޼ҴС
ѵʱԼһ飬ȻĿź㣬֪ǣʱǵѾҪˣĳֻ֣Ϊ谭ѡ
ڡѧܣ޿ǻûİѧǺΪѵءΪѵĵ
˵ڣû˵һҪֻ꣬Ҫڴﵽ˳ڵΪôԼӮˡѧ˵Ҳǣ΢΢ЦϷԼȻʱֻʮ꣬ȴֻʮ̶ѣϷԼôܻϵ
ôѧҪ֤ԼѾǳڵʿأҪ֪ڰǰ뿪ѧԺʱѧֻܻһһƷʿѣʱ䣬ѧܾܹͻƴ󾳽ĹؽڣһƷΪƷӴڽΪڣҲ⡭˾̫ˡ
ǰôô죡һǸƭӣ޼Ҵ˷׷ʮĴﶼվߣǳġҴСӣһƭǵģ
ǲǿţȻʵΪ֤΢΢Цһ̣һССģȴޱʵĺһģһӰӷͷð˳
ԪӤޱʵԪӤԪӤţǳʿӵеص㣬ֻҪԪӤܹӵ屻٣ҲܹģҲΪӵص㣬׶εʿܱΪǳڣ׶ΣʿȻܹ޵ó
޼ҴĴȫͣǼʶ࣬ʲô׶εʿʲô࣬ǻ֪ģھЧƷʿڻشӵʱչֹʿص㣬ڷͷðԪӤʵʣ֮ǰǿԪӤԵûҪǿ󡭡
ǸԾģǺ㣬ΪȷڰǰֻһһƷʿʱͻһؽֱӷԾһ󾳽磬飬߸˺ʶ
Ҫ֪ԺȻҲܿ죬ȴҲһʱ䣬ŴһƷͻƵƷʱڣӵôԴ֧ţСʹޱȼʵĻټڽԴڵҲͻƵƷľ磬ʵѾһ¼ˡ
ȴѾ¼ôܣ
ĺһʱ֮һ仰Ҳ˵΢΢һЦԪӤջصԼڣȻڡ֤ѾӮԼ˰ɡ

ڻعˣһȻŵѧܣѧҪΪ㣬ʱһƷͻƵƷȷʵţϾѧţ޵Ʒʣû֪ʲôӵģ˵ѧܹģԪӤĴڣҪЩʶĴϽ´ƭѧأҲǹⲻȥء
һկԼҴ׷׵ŭ⻰ԵľҪƫ̻޼ҴĴˡ⻹Ҫô֤
ҰԪӤҲðˣѧȴ˵ǼðЩ˵ȥɡɹ
ԵҪúõ֤һ¡ѧڵΪĻúѧҽһ£ǷֵܹסƷΪĽ֤ѧܵԪӤĻǼٵˣֵܹôģֵܵôǼٵġֻҪѧֵܹסҵĳ֣޼ҴĴǣҲķڷİɡڱͼ
޼ҴĴǴ˿ֻ뿪ҲǿˣλشһֱվڱߣɲΪ˰ǣΪΪѷѣλشѾλȨصĵطԱˣҪַΪѷȻĺ̨ƺҲСм䣬Ϊѵֻǰ
˿Ҳǽп಻֮ΪС޼Ҵ˵˾ǳһƷʿ֪ĻƬɽǲҪͲҪˣοͷҴ
ȻڣȴѾɲˡ
ѧҪУһˣҲͬ⣬ѧ˵ʧء΢Ц
ǰԺѧദһʱ䣬ȴһֱûнֹΪѧܼȻѾǳڵĴˣôѧҲǼϲҪѧܵڽʲôء
Цͬ죬ŷѾӵ˳ڵʵ˵ˣӵ˳ڵʵһֱӵԽսôɲһʿ
ҼҴľѧɱѧԺܹѧķҪŸǿɱ˺ͶԵ
ԺƷ۷ʵϺ޴ķں㿴ѾȵĳԶ˷
ƬɽֵĹ⣬ĽУ飬ǿɾͺܶˡ
ֽ䵽ڣǴݻ޵Ҳ޷ָ۷״̬ⶼǺ׵飬ԺƷʿʵϼҴһЩ޺ۼУҪһ㣬ѣһʼҲԼУȵƱʱѾˡ
˴ǽƺ̫ðɣһѧ¡˿ԣĳأȻ
ѧܲŶûаɣڵʿȻſɽʯ֮ܣȴҲֵܹһСƬΧ֮ڡˣܹʾҵȱ°Ц
⻰ڼҷĶеľмѾﵽƷΪҲ϶ǶƷƷ֮ʿ˫ƲסҲЩǿʿ̫ˣǷһһƷʿĶڵʿ󲿷ǲŸո̤ڵʿһ˵ͻʧأ
ȻҲ޼ҴЩƽ񣬿Ǻλǵһ㣬ƲסɱЩƽĻȫԽԼĹְʩѹʿɱƽڶɷп
ɫøѿˣ޼ҴǸеȴ䣬˿һǧˣڶںĴУʿͶ֮䶼شּһҲ£һ޼Ҵܵʲô𺦡˵Ŀɶ޼ҴĴ
Ȼ޼ҴͷҴƬɽ֣ȻϾֻǽ֮صĶˣ޷ɽдԵĻѣڣп޼Ҵ壬㵱ɳᣡ
ûɵӣȻҲ֪ںУԼӵ˶ͬһ㣬æΪΪѷѣ֮ʵҪ߳һƷҪ˱ӵֶΣ޼Ҵˣڴ˿ͬʱ˺㡣
׼˵ʾԼʱµƷʿͬʱվǰƷʿѹĵѣ
޼ҴλҲûʲôˡɡͷһۣȻĮȻ
Ŀź㣬ѹˣߵڰףֶΣʿҲȥʹð
ֻԼẦ𣿺Ҳû뵽ԼѾƷʿ˰ɣԼµòĻӦֻ֪ԼӵƷʵƷΪҲǴĳ˺֮⡣
ȻǱսɣ
ѧ˺񰮣ȻҲҲܲ׾ˣѧ顣ش
ãʹ죡ҵһᡭ㵽Ϊֹ
쳤ЦЦƣҲʼһһһֱﵽƷ۷塭
ƣҲͬһֱͺͥ
ѧܣ˵ֻƷ֣ɿˣ
һȻϷȻҪȫףƷ۷壬ȵ˲佫սʱڳЩñǣҲʲô
ܹģ˷ߵЩĸǲ˵ȥ˭ָܹ֤㣿
ѧҵĳ֣


128 ϵ
ıһޡ
оŽڣǶ֮زĺ٣ޱȼͣϺƵʱ򲻶ϧϣдգӲּϱԣˮ֣ʹָ
ҼҴģˮϵȻ㣬ȴǺҷǳ޻ԷʿˮΪУǺȷʵ츳ڽԴе˳ĽԼһķҴǧˮķںһˮã
ˮٱޣ˾ƷǺԼƳģͨƷ۷ʿҲϣͬúӵԽսʵ
ҲǺԼӵޱŵԭ򣬾㷽ƷϰԽսҲԲĶ֣
ο㻹ӪõĻȫԺ޹˼ɵĽ˵ƽ񣬺һַƵͷϡɱڳˣֻԼĸʱ򣬷͸˵ˡ
ʱں֣֮ŵģԷԼĵһУ
ৡһޣŨҵĻ⣬ŷͷȻˮٱޱںעķĴ߶֮£ȴޱȵļӲ
һӡ˷ͷȻӲһ
һӡðĽĻǣÿǣжʯЩɢɽʱ򣬷ˣ޼ҴˣֻҪˣҲˡ
һһԼԼˮ󣬽ɽ򱾷һĻǸ֪⻹⣬мԽֱ޼ҴĴС
һӡҫһƹ⣬һߵĻȫͬʱ˫һѸٵķɳ©Ļȫ;
һǼѾҪʶı۾ʱ򣬲ű˶ŷǷ־Լһ̣ζӳ¡
ʱ򣬺Ҳٶȳŷ֡
սʽ൱ͳġѧԺѧĸֻ΢һĽѾ¯࣬򵥵ķС׵硢𽣡ˮܡͬһ㣬һһֵź籩һĽ
õģǺҵļҴ˷޷һͳĴ壬ȻֹһҴǺҼҴеһ֡
Ժҵص㣬·޷ʩչϮһ㣬޿ײ룬֮󣬿ű꣬˷ϮԵֵ
ʩչһ·ǼеĻϵһ˱꣬ƣһĺӵʩչ·Ҫøӵľɱ
ǲӦ䣬һӡҫŻƹ⣬ֵܵܲ͸Ľһһ飬ȴŸܲǲϵĵϵСúĴɽĻ˵ˡ
ȫȴֻܹأҪıˣһᣬѾԵ֧׾Ҳ޷ά֡
ХһͷǸԪӤٶĳ֣źͷͬķһʱ֮䣬ܹͷųķһеĿյȫֲѸٵȶסս֡
ֺǲ֪˿ʲôˮ׼ƷΪԿһƷʿ֮£ǵģڿ˾棬ɵһϲüҡ
޼ҴҲһϾڷıǣڷؾ棬ҲǱסǵ
׼ٶȷʾ䣬ɽ־ͽҴ塪ֻҪһû˼ֵɡ
ȻƷʿѹסƴȫҲ޷˵һ֣
޼ҴĴŭߣѹıɱˣʱεģǡ
ȻһϰƷʿѾһޱǿҪʲôٶҲѹţ
ƷʿǶסֺˣһ춯ǲЩһﶼˡһУֻҪ˷ôͲҲ
ǵϣڷϣֻҪܣǾܹסԼ
ڷԪϣֵź񹥵һ˲䣬¶һ˿̵Ц
ȴģᡣ
Ҫֱɱ㻹Щ˼ɵģϾ˵İͽ㹫ĵѡҪģǽӳڴ䵽ڣĸȫϣ
ԪϣԪ񱻻٣һʿĸҲȫ٣øַʽӪľ棬ȷԪϣΪ˴Ŀ꣡
𿴷ӽԪֻ˶̶̵ʱ䣬Ȼ֮ǰôµĻԪ˳أԪ񱻻٣޵ĸƻҪٶǱضǧѣ
Ҹ٣Ԫˣķչǰ;Ҳûˡ
ٶȹһᣬ÷ԪӤʱ뿪˷ʱ򣬺óԼȫʵ
Ԫͬʱ˺ͷƣҲʼͬʱʵƷ۷Ϊ
ɣֺͷͬʱںһʱֺկʣµĸңһ֣ͬټһٶڵկͬʱĳڣ
ܱԪһ̣Լʵǵʿƴս⵽ʲôĺҲ˶ԷƷʿڶǡ
µƷʿһһ־ǴУͼȺ£һԵȫɱ
谭ߣ
Ʒʿдʱǵصĺˮͬɽ鱬һ㣬ӿкƺƵĳֺˣ
ƷʿȫһֺٷŭƴҲֻֽͬһ㣬ھػ֮£˲飡
˳ֵʱ򣬺ҲʩչԼȫһ
һ𣬼ѷ˶м䣬ͬһͬմимѾȽӽ˷Ԫͼһʱͷ鷽ķ
Ʒʿһں㿴һ£㲻ҲֻܳΪһˣӲдһĻȥ
㷢Цʱ˷
ûоţûбˣеģֻԼЦ
Ϊʲô
˼ͿʼܵϱģҪŨƣ
ͬʱԪӤͬĴӷͷð˳ԭǸԪӤվһΣŵͬĹ⻪Ϊһ壬γһ޴Ĺ⻪Хų˺㣬ԼðڵԪӤ
һӡҫ˳ȻɫĹâƾĺǽƷʿΧм䣬ͬʱΧסģʩչĴķ
ʵƷʿܹӳԽƷʵ˵һ䣺ϵˡ
ϵˣ
㻹õֻüջˮٱޣԼΧм䣬ҪֵԪ񣬷ľһ
ϵһ𷢳һͺ㷢ķײһʱ򣬹һӡɢĻɫâס˺ˣҲס˱ľ춯صĺ
ɫâɢȥƷʿѵ׷˳Ѿ˻ԣ飬˿飬ɲ֮ѪСϪ
Ҫһ㡣
ɫر˼£³һѪеˮٱޡžһж˿ű촷ۣɢ֮䣡
ͷϵԪӤޱȵһĶ˺ڡ
һ֮£ˣ
飬ԪƷ۷ϵΪֻһͿƷλãֱ˻˸ո̤ƷĵزζžڽԴһλֺõطҲҪһʱ䣬ܹʧԪ
飬ޱȾ޴ʧ


129 ľ
ĿԼıԼǰ˷ɻңɫøӵѿˣһһ֮󣬺ٴһѪɫٶ˼֣
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ѧҪѧܣҲġѧһġź㲻ʧĹ˹֣˴д裬͵Ϊֹ֪ѧʲô˼
ʱ㶵ĺŷӦ˹һӵϵĽΧм䡪ûһֵģƷĺˣǿƷʿڻڻУʣµȻһٶƷʿȻһȺƷƷʿٶ࣬ڷҲֲʲôô
ڵĵķǷһݣֱӾͽȺȫɵ
ûһ㣬ڳľͺ㼸˵Ļ˵ͻɱڣȻڳô࣬һٶˣȫ£޼ҴһˣҲȫɱⲻıġ
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ǿƽһԼϢ֪ԼˣúܲңǡΪʲô쵰ȻܹӵƷʵʲôŻڶ̶̵İƷ
ˣضǸ󻼣
ǿվߵÿʱĺ㣬չֳһ˿һɫӵܵơ
ѧܣһӮˡεĶԼҲӮˡѧܽڴ˴ػ̵ͣʱ䣬ѧأҲֻأд֮ʱٻᡣ
ⷬȻҲвͼ棬Ȼȴ˵ޱȵƽͣڶԷͬĹ˹֮תͷ̧˵Ʒʿһͬ⣬ɶݶȥ
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˷ˣǫǫӣȻѣȴƽ׽ˣ׺ʮ㣬㣬ֶܵϣʡ͵ĵơ
ԼҪɾһҵЩˣǶ㲻ҲӲģÿ˶˷ʹԼõģǰ·
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ǡһ㶣ղȷʵϵڳ޼Ҵ˲úˣҲǱĿġ
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ڷĸĻΪԼȴһ£޼Ҵ˿ΪǶĳ
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Ԫϣϵ赲ŷ޼Ҵǵķʱ򣬾޼ҴԺ͸ŷˮˮȥȥ
Ϊһ֮ǵȴָࡣ
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ٱԸͷҴ壬ʾԷĳи̨ҪһЩ
ο޼ҴȻͷҴЩСͻ֮ǰǱȽϺģҴֽ϶࣬޼Ҵũ˽϶࣬˫ദҲ죬ֻҪ͵һ㣬ЩȻ뺷ȴޱȴӵķҴȻҲ̫Ϊǡ
Եһʱ䣬Ÿмͱȵ뷨޼ҴĴǣݷ˷ǰ
֮ǰҵ񣬷ðΣգȥҵȲ¾˾ʯĳҲ趯ݣǵǷģڣڷˣˮˮȥȥһüͷҵȾҲûĿԳǶ񣡡
ݷڵأеʱһ޼ҴĴͬʱߺԸ淽
֮ǰҵȲԣҵ޼ҴԸҴΪ޼Ҵ壬ֻзҴ壡
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ɵø̾ϼһﻹͦİһ϶ǲֻеϵӵܵģյĿΪϵӵܣԳΪſͣ˵ȵϵӵҪŴô˵ܳΪһϵӵܣҲȵһͨĴҪõöˣֻҪܹǹϱǰõûκɻᱳѡ
ɡ
ϸϸһ֮󣬷ֽ
Ҵ޼Ҵ壬һֱڽȻżĦȴҲల£ǵķүӾͺܸл޼Ҵһλ˵һδ߳˴ӣ¡飬޹أشҵģҲӦˣǲ飬뿤شҲô
ġҵȶѾ÷ǳλأֶΣŹ޼ҴҷҴ鷳Ϊ֮ƣֻиȫСл·֮ǰˣһʱͿϣܹǰӣҲɣ
еĵǰѾú˵󲿷޼Ҵ˻ֻǳڶԷĸмžڷĻô֪ڷ޼Ҵˣ³ضֻ·һ
ڷܻڷһǸˣȻ֪Ӧôѡ
ʱ֪ǣһӢľͬʱΪ޼Ҵˣһǰ;Ľ


130 ʽ
׼齨Լļ壬׼޼ҴȫΪϵӵܵʱ޼Ҵˣϲʤ
ǱֻǴԷʾȻϾͷҴһģܹͷҴϵĻ޼Ҵ˰ȫҲһЩ
ڷȴǣԼ齨塪֮ǰȫû뵽ĺ£һͨĴ񣬿ԶԶһϵӵܣ٣лķ˵ʲôʱоͳһһʿ
ԺܶĴӣҲϣܹΪĳĸӹĻᣬȻԴҲ޵ģԴԶԶңҲ޷еƽĻᣬοǼ壿
׼³һ壬ȴѾӵ˺ԴĴڣǲֵ̫ܳģһµļҪ׳ضʮϰٴŽᣬ·ƣһ·ʵСķչȻͼһ˵ġ
Ȼǻ֪ӵŶôõȻлΪһϵӵܣôҲ˸ĳͷصĻᣡ
οŵĻϵӵܡϵӵܺ͸ӹ£ϵӵܡϵӵܡӹһĳΣϵӵȻŴģϵӵȻԲȴҲԶȸӹĴҪãЩӹĴʲôģһ㶼Ϊףϳʲôʯ֮ģҪ׸壬ܹлüʹ͡
˵ϵӵǹԱƣôϵӵܾҵλƣڸӹǾʱˡ
ԭֻץסĻᣬȴ˸õǰ;ϲ֮£޼Ҵ˿ʼãȷʵһܸõĸ
ӵ˿ʼ㼯һ
޼ҴͷҴͲԶ֮ŵɽһֱ֧ȥ֧ϵɽ־֮ǰӵˣҴɽ·;࣬޼ҴĳԷҴ˶࣬޼Ҵ˶࡭
ҶɷٴΪΣһȵİ˴壬פطԲǧµʮеȼ壬פطԲʣµʮµȼ壬פطԲ³ļ壬פزóʮ
³ļ壬פֻʮһƣǾӵĺ棬ɽ࣬ԲǾŰܹΪļĻҲȥפأɽǵפأǾ㹻ˡЦ
䳡䳡
ǷҴĴ޼ҴĴԼկĴִ󵱼ҺƶңûԼҪΪһļһӣǿڷҪ֯壬ӦŷǳɫʵȻܹ뱻ϵģÿܹԴİٴУǾѾǺ˲ˣڷᵽ˳Ϊ顪ǲŸո𴲣ûˢء
ôҾò𣿵Щļ壬һʼǴЩȽСļģҵʿԪƳҵ˼ȥܶԵôƳھͶýĹ滮ܱʱȥѰ˼ҪõöࡣЦ
˵òֺ˵ͷֻҪŬٴûʲôģʱפؾͿչڷҴ޼Ҵ֮⣬ǹٷĳܲȥĵطɽǷһɹϷչ
֮ǰĻֺ⻰ǳ֮ԣ˶˵ͷ
޼ҴͷҴĵ̼ǷԲʮңӶɽ֮£տأͬʱ˷ܹĽͨĵ·ֻһ
˵ﲻɵЩɥҡҡͷӼפصѡ˵Ҵ޼Ҵĵط˱ɽ֮⣬ûκεơ
Ʒ棬ʵ˵΢΢Ц滷ɽһ࣬ǿԲȥᣬɽڵĶõ̽ӣҷҴ壬ʵ滷ɽֻͨ޼Ҵ壬ȿ϶ҪҪĶڷҴ壬޼Ҵ壬ǿΪΧʩſһЩҲûʲô⣬ֻҪ޼ҴͨҴĵ·϶ˡ
˵ͷȻԵøӷҴ壬Ҳģûɷ޼Ҵ壬ҪĻԵ÷α
ΧʩǾһסΪһЩҪʩĽص㣬ҪķڷҴڣױ档׷һ䡣
˷׷׵ͷפȻз֣һ϶ʯͷӣȻҲ̫Ķ
۵ɡ𣺡үӣ峤ȥϰȰҡȰǵפȦ˵
ͬʱʵǼ֡
ͽзҰɣԼΪ֣Ӧ֮⡣
Ȼ޼ҴҲӽ֮ӽ˵ļҴֻռ˶ɶһ㣬ȴʲô⣬Ǵ֣ҵĵϵӵҲһɶѣϾǽٵġ
ҺĵĹߣҲһȫǱҵգֻмǱҵնѡ
˵ͷҲûȥʲôĸõ֣ȻԼΪôзңȻҲ̫⡣
ˣͬʱ뿪˴ӵķΧűڵķϬ˹ȥ֮ǰвٵìܣΪӵĴ峤ȻҲ໥Щߵģʱȴֳ·ϣɵЩΡ
ȴֳĬԭలµĴӽ񣬸ĻΪ޼ҴҪռɽֶģڷҴ˸ǿƣȻҲҪһЩܹõĹϵ
үӣƺоء
Ľ׶εʿȵ׶εķҪ߳һȻͬʱ𲽸Ϭ·;УȴַŲ죬˿֮£ɵòʵ
޴峤ȡЦˡ֪ŷǻžĺôġ֪ʲôΪһѺӣЦʵ
ҲĽ׶Ρش
ʵڿͨ쾳ʿֻһţܹɽ𵤡ЦĻش
ĳһͲСˣϾƽķɴ½ƽ˵ǹһ꣬ҲüëӶˣΪ켶ʿһ㶼İ;Ѿ꣬Ҫ˵ܹһףҲ˵ùȥǶ̶ʱڽףǷǳ飡
ɲǸ򵥵ǷҴʱ伯ɲﵽ˺춥ˮ׼ٹһʱ䣬ǷҴʿΪһ٣ĵ
ⶼǷģΪʵ
ǣϼһҲûеõ̫ĺôǷҴˣûѧԺʽ㹻䡭Ҳʱж̣ȻĻ˵÷ǷҴܳö೤ڵʿ
ĵϼ޻Ҳû͸¶̫࣬û͸¶Լ鶴ڽֻļܹﵽƷΪΪںЩϲ׽ϴ裬̥ǣһЩشͻƵͨ쾳ڵķȻûʲô仯ȴǻָʱ۷״ֻ̬Ҫṳ́𵤴˳µ飬ֻҪﵽڣÿԼ컯
ϲʤԼҲܹ󷽲һΪһƷʿ¸Уһ·ޱȺг˷Ϭҵϵ٣˳Դˣ壬ʽˣ


131 ǰ;
µļ屸ʵǺܼ򵥵飬ֻҪôܹˣǵûʸ齨һ壬Žѡ룬ȵʱ̣ͻԽԽ̣齨һûܴﵽӲʩĻôͻᱻǿнɢռݶĹ
ǹиļֵģЩӵ㹻Ӳʩļ壬޷ٴУȴҲܹԼļռݵ̣ϾռعҼѧԺҲûжԴʿֻҪµļܹԼԴ⣬ôָļ壬ϾļԽ࣬ͻԽǿܹΪ빱׵ҲԽࡣ
ÿ굽κشļ壬ֻмļܹԷϬҲûһ㣬ֻЩԭͻķҴ޼ҴΪʲôһͬ齨һ塭
Դ˷ͳһĻشǡһ´ˮԹѣ֮ǰΪһЩ˳ͻ᲻٣Ҫͬ齨壬֤ҵ֮Ĺϵ
Ļڱʾһϲ֮󣬾ͽıȥˣҲǶٷȷʵǿȻģȻļ룬ȴǿԽغֱϱҵģУ£֪Ϣʱ򣬱Ѿϱ˶ңҪţҲֻǱ޳Ī
ȻѾǺˣ˱˱֮󣬷Ҳܹ˳ռسΪפءȻפصǱӵеԼ֮أ緽Ҵ޼Ҵԭַɽ
ɱķڻصϤļʱȻ֣ǵļ磬Ѿ֮ǰȫһˡ
ɽռطԲŰߣͱ֮ͬһ㣬𲽵Ļ¶£м֧ýҴ޼ҴָҴ滷ɽһ޼Ҵͨһɽˮ£ԽҴ룬Ȼֱӹͨ޼Ҵ壬ˮ࣬ӷҴ޼Ҵĵ·
޼ҴԷҴɽ赲ģǵƽ̹֮·ֱͨϬĵ·ͨ𿤣ĵ·ͨŹغͲǽҲΪĵ޼Ҵвٵ˳ȥ磬ɽеزȥ˽
޼ҴΧֻԼ׵ΧΧţ󲿷ֵĵطΧûУԵʱկͨ޼ҴΧֱӳ嵽˷ҴĴڣ޼Ҵ˶ԴҲû赲ϾʱǺͷҴĹϵɲء
ڣ첻ʶǳĵطС޼Ҵˡ
Щ׵ΧѾȫˣ濪أصĳǽΧȻֻһɸߣûг涨ķΧȻЩǽȴޱ֮㹻ޡڳǽݺᱼۡ
ȻûκεװΣȻصĳǽһţԱŶҪСһЩΪţԶŶΪɣΪš
ǽжڣг¥ǽǽͳǣȫŲǽķʽ˷ҵĻǽĳǽȻߣȴ㹻ķ
ڲ㹻ĽշĻôҵϿʮɸߵĵطʿǶ޷ķɹ
ȻԷڵʵҲֹֻܹڼµʿɹѣңڵʿµĽշֵܹġ
滷ƣ޼ҴΧĳǽͬʱֱۣȥ˼찡ôôߴĳǽء
˿̵ķڳ¥֮ϣרĵĻһ䡣
ȥ죬ʵ뿪ĵһ죬ǽѾ޽ˡ
ԷʱʵϵӵصʯǽȻԻϵֽǽļ̶̳ȣ̫ѵ飬ǽģǽܲͷ÷ǺһЩ
ĳǽضĽģֻҪҪͻᱬ޴ɱԷĽǿԵӵģһ嶼еĵѧϰƽʱֱӵǽȥƣµʱȴҲ𵽺ܴá
ͬʱǰθµĽ䣬ҲԹĦѧϰȡľ顣
ԴĳǽǾһޱΣյĴըеĺֲȥĽ䣬бʱ򣬻жô
ȻڲŸոտʼҲֻڳǽͳ¥ľŴҪ֮Ծϵȥ˾ֲͬģѧԺѧɱķͬʱַһһͬʱ޴
ڻһ֮󣬷վųǰ㶵ķ
ЦֱӴӳ¥ôλǽȥɣ
񼣣޲ڣǽκֻܴӳͨȻͺõöˡ
ǽϿѾ˽շ󣬷Χӡµʿ޷ʮڵķΧУǳڵʿΧҲضеرѣطûǽҲͨľʯϽҺɣԸһɽʲôǴ´ˣʿǵĹ㹻
ŵڽУϵϵͽϵĳԱǽ֮УܹóǽԽļ̣һûùģǵļҪ׳Ҫ˵Ŭ
ͬʱͷԵʮ㣬ЩϾ֪ܹʲô
ڻûаװǽ˵ǷǳҪĶҪƽʱܴ򿪣Ǳպ֮󣬼̶̳Ȳڳǽһ˵ĳŶɸϡľģ̣ڷȱĲϡ
޼Ҵ壬Ϊϵӵס޵ĵص㣬Ҵ򽫻Ϊϵӵס޵ĵص㣬е˶ѾԱˣݣһЩϸ񣬻Ҫλͳ޼ҴĴǣСĶѾ쵽峤ûʲôô׽ϴĵҩȥ֮㽫лźܴİģؼֺͷԻá
ϲĽӹ˷öҩȻöҩڻʱֻ˷ƷʯǶƽ˵ĵҩȴƽʱ붼޷뵽ĺô
ǻǳ׶ΣҲû̫ĵطҪסĵطٵҩҪ飬פػλͬЭʩ޽˵
ôǽôأʵ
⣬ˡʮʱҪһפصľ鷨Ȼ취ıһƬĻǵפأΪפء΢Цŵ
˵ͷǴ鶴һƬפӣ鶴ڵһƬأҪ֪츣غһڱû̫ı仯ֻ츣ܹԲ㹻ʿһأȴûĹܡ
ܹ鶴ƬϣȻԾйʱ𲽸ıƬصԣȻʿҩʿǶ洦ҩףƬפأҲΪһƬµʺʿסĵط
Ҫ֪嶼޷һ鸣ΪԼļפصģҲֻѡЩԳԣĵطΪԼļפأ鶴֣壬ǰ;ض


132 
Ƿɴ½ϼ䳣õһ󷨡
Ȼɴ½ǳȻҲǵԪӯ㹻ģĵطضǴһȻЩرԣĵطԼפصļ壬ںܶʱֻܹʯӵʹãΪȥԾ͵þάһССĿռ֮Уӵܹյࡣ
ЩռųӯĴ˵Ҳ˵õģȻҲԸԼפڵɢȥڿݽߣǾͻùģľפеһֱһƬ֮Уĺôеӵǵõ
ѧԺԺĽԴҲһ־֣ȴҪԵøΪ߼һ㣬һƬеĴ󲿷ȻĳʱͬʱͷųʿӵĿ٣ʱĸ֣ǽԴĵطҲѧԺĸ
ҪµģǽԴ־ȻΪ߶ˣȻȴڵķңڷһûвֻܹһͬʣפسӯȻͬ£˭ʸߣóΪʿȻͺ׵ķֱ˳ҳĻӤ̥Ͳܵ󣬳ʸߵļʣֻø˺ܶࡣ
ҲǶʿ󲿷ֶǳЩأãȻһʾͻӵĳɫʿĸȻҲԽߣǱȻƽҪ򱶣ʿĿȴֵ˺ܶࡣ
ڵķңֳֻ׶ΣԴķʽ˺ڣ϶ҪصģԴִҲҪЩӵʹá
ͨľǾ͹ˡ
ԳǽʼҴɽֹԲʮҪȫþ֣˷Ѵ鶴ð
鶴֮ڹĮޣľ¶ܹӵôŨֻҪפغ鶴֮ڵϵôֺ鶴һģһŨȣ̫ѵ飬Ӱ쵽鶴ڵ
פУһӡͷϣǲϵ󶯷ֲͬԪϵĴðȻ󱻹һӡսȥ
־ȻǵķΧ󣬱ȴ̫ӵķ޷ǽĳһƬԳأγһ̶ȵĸô޷ݵȥԹԵ޵ķΧ֮ڡ
ΨһѵģǾֲͬϵеķҪõеСľŸ˶ղ룬ȻֻùʹõоС;зܹˡ
УСΧľз㹻ˣΧľҪķࡣ
ΪУ𣬶ľˮϷãγһСѭȻз׽ӣУɾŹ֮󣬷ܹһƬеεס
ľҲҪԪ
һļ壬ҪסһƬԲϵҪʮڵʿУеĴʿң׵ľٵöˣϵʿָӵϡ٣ԺܶСͼҲûľֻܽƫ棬Сľ
ڷ˵ȴκε⡣
ǾϵȫܵţϹһӡԣ鶴ԴԴϵԪ֧ţֻҪķһЩʱ䣬ܹҪĺԪѡ
֮󣬹һӡĹâøҫۡǺԪӯвŻеЧһӡҲǷǳ⣬̺ԪԽ࣬Խǹâ䣬ԪȫϵĻҲ޹⡣
Ҵկ¼޼Ҵ˸֪ǵĽж죬󲿷ֵ鶼һְ죬ĿķҴָƽһķ޽Ͽ⡢ҩĿҲ޽þҩҲ˲١
ڣ˹˶̧ͷſдļԼǼ
ûУǼķһӡɴ½ҲôһҲֻǼܹʹáҲˣͬƷʿǸкģǼһ֮¾ʹˣɲһƷʿܹ飡
зҴĴüɫĶ޼ҴĴ˵޼ҴĴһĽż찡﷽Ҵһôǿܶ˶ﵽ˺۷ľ硪һܴ԰óԶⰡ
뵽һ㣬뵽ԼҲпܺͷҴһ֮ǰĽֶ֣пͻ죬һ޼ҴҲʼԼΪһʿһ졭
УֺֻһͻƵһƷΪȴҲǶδž޴ϣ
һԪѾۼòˣǹʱˡ
ѵģǱҪͬʱַõǡλãǴ壬¾ʱҲԵ÷ǳĿһ㶼Щңڵĸ־ĥ֮󣬲˳Ĳ˾ܷ°פڵľһֱҲһǷǿļ֤
ȴ⣬ɼʵ÷Χľ
˵ע֮£һģһԪӤͬʱ˷ͷͷһͬһ
ҪԼԪӤǣһӡӴԪɾĲá
Ժ֮ΪУзķתݣķ֮ռ񷶥һһ㣬פضεĿ棬ʹ޷ݳȥ
ԱǾֲͬԪͬʱԼҪĵص㣬ܹһɲǣþԪϣγϢϡ
һͬʱƾԪһʼȻҪӴľҪѵԪΪӴ󣬷Լһ֮޷ƣԪӤͷƵĻͻ׼ȷöࡣ
зףΪУ̣ľѭϻˮϢ׼غһ
ַڷͷͬˮһԪӤͬʱĿĹâţһӡðһڳ˶Ϊ֮սԪˮһӿԪӤֲͬĹ⻪ԪӤ֣ų˷˳ȥ
ɫԪɫĽԪɫľϵԪɫˮԪɫĻԪֱԼķλ֮ʼڿмգ
չ֣
ϵԪԼλõʱͻع˱ԴһֵĹ⻪һӡԪӤȫ޹⣬Ѹٵķɻ˷塣
ҲȫһߣӴԪֻãѾﵽƷΪķѣ
ббڿеʱ򣬴鶴ӿԪѸٵĲģԪӤԪ֮ҲѸٵĲ䵽ڣȵصʱ򣬷Ѿȡ
ɹûУ
ûиоʲô仯ķһ䡣
ɹˡ϶ĵͷǵļңˡ
Ҵկ˷׷׵ЦǵȻ֪϶а취ģȻûҪķôľ˵ģ鶴ڴʱ̫ˣЩӦҴĻء
޼Ҵ򲢲Ҫôȴף϶а취ġΪ޼ҴǰԶԶ޷Ķʿ


133 ʹֲ
ҹѾˡ
ǷҴ廹޼ҴĴǣ϶Ѿ磬ȻפΧĳǽѾˣӱ˵ҵפغͨĴûʲôһûУҲûʲôֵĲƲȻҲҪ˰ʲô
ڷҴɽĵطһ䲢۵ķȥ޽ûʲô𣬶ķһӣȻϸĻŻᷢ䷿ͨ͸ڣһ൱ϧĸĲϣڄ`ʯ޽ɵġ
ֲûʲôر֮һ㣬ԸвʿɽзƷǳߵģȴûܹҩĵʱúڄ`ʯҩȻأⱻ˲
Ĳ޽ɵķݣɷ޽ģڣտյģʲôûеĿ˼š
˼ģν鶴֮ڵ⴦
鶴Ȼڷڣ鶴˽⣬ȷǸܹ࣬鶴򿪣ȴ޷й¶ÿ鶴ΪڲԪʱҲȥյģ鶴ԶΪġ
÷Ҵ˽鶴ʱֱ鶴չǰȻ鶴ڵȴһ˿һй¶
Ȼƺ谭ȴ硣
ԼҲԹ鶴죬˼ǣ˶ܽȥԼȴǲܽȥģֻʶܹ룬ʶŴȥȴ޷ȥ
鶴죬ʮ֮ҲǷǳһڣ˺ų翵ļ涴ûбѰҵ֮⣬Ķ춼ڷɴ½ʷϱĳռݹȻŶ֮޾Ȯ죬ɽɽ磬ºպյ
鶴أֻӵйһˣǺųȫɾλڣҲǸ´еǸˡ
ڵ˽⣬֪鶴֮أӦǴͷɴ½ͬάȵһ棬Ȼ˿ɳ룬ȴɺͷɴ½һ硣
Ϊ鶴ӵߣû鶴ģϾ鶴ڣܴ鶴鶴졪⻰˵Щƿڣȴܹ鶴죬ʱ鶴ڸֲĺôôͲ鶴ˡ
ڷǰ鶴ڡ
Ǻģǰ鶴ޱãܹͨڿӿŵȴԶԶ޷
鶴ڵȷʵܹΪãȻڽʿ֮ͷųǷˣ类֮ʳܹΪʳ
Ҫ鶴ڵҪ취ͨ鶴ڴϣ
Ѿʱˣһֱʶо鶴ڣҪ֪ϵʲô
֪ǣоô޴ĺô
Թǵϣǵͨϵʱ򣬾鶴֮ð˳
ʼоԼȫ۲ϴҪѰҵƬϵĹؼ
Ȼһʼ̽޽ȴû٣ҪƽɽʷǿɾϣƷΪȻ֮ģȻȴҪƽ⣬ȻĻҵפزû̫ԣüӵڸõĻеõ
˹һӡȻԴԴϵĽԼڵԪ뵽һӡУڵԪĶ٣鶴ھͻԪҪͨķԪ͵ĹɣѰҵƬϵȱڡ
ţȻԪܹ͵Լڣôһܹ͵ɴ½Ŀռ
ȻԪܹԼڣô鶴ڵ϶ܹģֻԼʵϲڴʲôӵģͨҲܹͨʲôʽнԼڵġ
ȫɾţ˵۷ʱɽҲһԾŶĵλľ֮ţԼڵȻ޷⣬ԼҪͨϵԭʲôֻҪ֪ǴĶģ̽һ£鶴ڵŪ
һܾܵĻԼҪ֪ģֻҪ֪ʹﵽԼĿ͹ˣҪģֻʹֲѡ
ڵԪϵӿһӡڵԪĵʱһ˿˿ԪͬĿʼȫ񶼷̽ԪԴ֮棬ܿģֹȥĸʱ
ʱȥɫѾҵ˸˾ְʼʩøãȴûΪ˵Ҫչأ֮ǰҪκ˴
鶴죬ȫɾŲڷŲܹõĻ֮࣬ǰҲû̫ȥãڣ˱õʱˡ
ʶȫ鶴֮һ˿˿΢ɲԪ
һֱ˵ڶ죬˫ۣ䡣
ѰҵǸ㣬Ǹ΢ɲ飬ȴԵޱȾ޴ͨ
ͨðģȻͻʱԼڵԪͻӯһ֡
ʶͶ뵽С
ʶĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳһܹɡ֡ЧĴڣʶ鶴ʱ򣬿Էأ鶴ı仯۵ףҲΣ鶴ϸ΢ĵط
ڣʶĽǸޱϸСȴޱȹĵ㡣
ͬʱڵԪԴԴϵ뵽һӡУҲҪ˷ЩԪԪ룬ҲͬڲϵĴŹһӡıƷΪһӡֻƷҪúôһʱ
ʶͶǸʱ򣬿ƱϣʶͶʱ򣬲ŷӵжôĿռ䣡
ʶ⴦ͨУͨ࣬ȫķ󣬹һƬƴĵطʮǧСС󷨣һޱȾϸޱӴĴ
ͨУĴ󣬺ֹǧƣ
ʼķ֮УÿУŸ⣬ԷŸĸܿͨȻڷ𲽵ı仯ʿõԪȻ󲻶ϵǰȥȻǷڡ
еģ鶴ڵУʿܹʹõԪȻݷĵԪȥĶپ٣ͣЪ
ʶҡҡͷǰȥ
Ǳ任Ԫĵطĵط
֪ǰ˶ã֪ͨ˶ٷϸ΢ķ󣬷ǰʼһ͸ϡͨϣ鶴ˡ
ʶͣסʼĳ˼
Ҫ鷳ö࣬ͨԪѾʿãʿյʱ𲽵תΪڵԪͬʱϵǿԼ𲽵ĴﵽԼĿꡣ
԰ԪĳʿȻԪǸʿеģܹԪĳַڷ֮ԪͻȻʧˡ
ֻԼԪԼܹպʹõġ
ȻͨУôҪŪһͨˣֱ뿪ͨ
ͨȫɾ֪ķ˶ŹͨԼڵҪһͨȻǲܵ飬ȻڵĿȴ鶴ԼõԪֻҪݳȥѡ
˵ˣֻҪһѡ
ϿƱʵȴޱȵĺʵҪһҲޱѵ顭


134 
ԼҪϣ̫𺦣ϾǶɾµԲССƷʿܹƵģҪģֻǴһͨѡ
Ȼȴܿķ֣ûô򵥡ʶ֣һͨô׵ܹ򿪵ģʶں俪һ·֮תͷһѾˡϻǿܣ
ûΪ˶е٣ǸӵϲȻǺܺõģܹȥ˷ĴһͨĻ鶴ڵԴԴϵй¶鶴ÿݽߡ
ȻǣҲȫɾеġ
Լʶǰϡ
޷ϣȻ÷أܷһĳ̶ѣй¶һ֣Ȼ֮ٴκһֱй¶ԼΪֹ
뵽һ㣬һ̧֣һơƷʿܹĽһЩʱƷħ޴ɱǵʱһȻѧԺԻĵطȴҲᱻ˷֡
µһַĽƣΪ˱Լ÷ʱ򷴶ĵط
ڲ½֮󣬷΢˼һ£ʳָһָ֮ϳ֣鶴ڣ
֮ƥȻǷĵһѡ
Ȼ֮ڽӴ֮󣬾͡ಡһֱӴ˹ȥȻԽڣֱײ˷µĽ֮ϡ
⴦ڣȻ
ɫ䣬Ȼ֪ûô׵ģһ̣һӡѾյӴԪȫѹϸͷ˿һ֮ٶȳڴ˹ȥ
һģͬͬĽӴֱ֮Ӿͨڣݺݵײ˷õĽ֮ϡ
ԪͬڷڵĻһͻ÷µĽ飡
Ȼ鲻ȫ򲻵ܣӦֻٶȲѡ
˼ǵȻһ֣һС
еĹٶȣǾϵйٶģٶռ䣬Ƿ뷨
ȻҲͬл˹ȥֱײ˽֮ϡ
ӿˮȵĻ򡢺صܡϵһһ飬޷ϵı壬ƺȴƺȫռ䣬ô޷˿Ķҡ
ȻⲢü򵥵ķ顣
ٶ˳˼һа취ġǿҵͷУðһ뷨
ȻռǺԼһޣϵȫܵȫɾģô᲻Ǻ֮ǰõеʱһҪչֳԼص㣬ܹմŵԿأ
ԼǴߣôӦȫӵ鶴죬ǽĽ鶴
Ҫһ㣬ҪչֳԼʵ
þַһɲܹ飬˵ǵ߸ɴ½ϵֻԼȻһþַ⣬Ϊʲôȥһأ
ķһǷһֱ飬ֻʿʱܹ׵֮ע֮ϣӷɱϵľϵϣǿȻǽֻķ϶ѣķһ飬ûô
ֻܹˮϵǾ֤˵ķҲܹںһģϾ壬ԴҲǳṩĸ
֮
ٴ뵽Լܹع鱾ԴԪȻ֮ǰʹûֻ֮Ϣڽʱɱ任ɶɱҪģ¾ûܹ֮˲չֳַˣ
硢סˮ
͵͵ĺһһŻ֮ģཻˮ֮ԴͬʱĳŻ֮С
ûоʹ˷ɣԪܹ໥ںϵģѵģԪҲں桭
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һŻ֮ҲУϵһμ໥ںϡ
𣡡
Ż֮ǰҲںϽŻ֮Ĵڣ⣬ˮϵںϣˮϵǰŻܹ֮ںһĹؼ
Ż֮ӴһʱͳӦһıըһʱ飬ը˻ͷ
һԼЩСˣҪϵһ϶ĽԪһ˵ġ
ֻþԪ໥룬ȴμڲȻǳĲȶⲿȴ̩ɽܹڽӴ˵ʱͬʱ޴ѹԼܹһĻôܹϣڶԵеʱҲо޴İ
֮ǰԼܺһþֲͬķڽӽԷʱǿںһγǿҵıըһͽƷ۷ʿˣͬҲһ˼·
뵽ָڿлһССľ
ʼһһע뷨עʱС໥֮䲻ҪӴ
ǺܾܵûԼԪӤæһ֮ЩһСķΧߣȴ໥
⵱ȻǺѵ飬ȥ֮ʿֻܿǰķ򣬶޷ͣԭأֻܹû֮ЧѣҪСķΧɱ͵
һ
ĿƾֲͬķһСռڲǰתߣȴֲ໥ײһǳѵ飬ַ΢ײһ£ͻӦһıը
ĿƣʿĿǷǳаģĿڶԵУп𵽸Ч
ҿ־ĿǺоġͣ࣬һֱڡĵ·Ͼ󾫣õĻȻһٽȻڣھһĲʧ֮󣬷ڴﵽһĿƣ
ʿ˵ֻҪһĿƣôǾͻεļס
ССĿռڣŵͬķѭ裬ȴûκεеĲȶȶ
һ̣֪Լսٶľϵһɲֻǵϵܹģ
ڷֻܿôСķΧȻȵԽʱǾԼȫһķôںȻ󹥳ȥ˵ƷʿƷʿҲֲ˺ô
ķǻԼķӵиģܹԽսԼӵǿķܹ֮սʲôʿ
ڣͿȫɾϣһǷ
һСǰƯȻŷתСٶȣ鶴ϣ

ŷһȣСһķɵ֮ϵһɲǣſ˶ԷĿƣϵ˲;һ𣬽Ų˾ҵıը
Сڵ֪ըʱͳȥǸССľе谭ı˳
ȻͿ鶴֮һˮһһС֮ţһȻĪӴӿ˳
ɹˣȭͷ̲ס͵Ļһ¡ȻֻǴϣǶڷ˵һ޴ʤ
鶴֮ϯ˳Ͼԭ鶴ڵŨöʵһ㣬ĳ֮£ڄ`ʯķһʱ֮䶼ûܹ赲סйһŨҵݶֱϣһֱפϿյľסɢ˿
ֻһ˲й¶ĳЩ˵ע⡣


135 
򿪵ӣά˼ָĹ򣬾ѾȫȻһ˲䣬й¶ĺѾӣǳӵһСҲפؿʼñǰһЩһ˿˿УһһεĸıһĽṹ
ڶ췽ҵѹʱǿʼһЩͬˡԵޱȵʣܵĲľԵøӵʢһЩĺôˣ컷ǿЧ
ѾɹˡڲҪȼ֮˵źֺǺǵĵ
һҹûţϵʩչķϣÿϱһӣźмй¶ڵѾŨÿʼһһʯˡʯͨʯͷֻǳڱ֮ʯͷڲɹʿѡ
һҹʱ䣬鶴㹻Щ㹻ڷҵˣͬʱôĽ֮£ڵĻõ޵ĸƣ
פصĻ֮󣬾ܹɸʱԼ編ƾˡ
һӡ鶴춼ʶͲ춼ΧȴţһЦȻǶ׼𣿡
Χŵķֺͬʱش׼ˣ
ǻ䣬ͬɺڄ`ʯĴţƿűƿʱͬҵ˳һ㣬ӿĳӿ˳
¾ʹ˼硪ûбôŨݹˣһʱ֮仹Щܲˡ
޼ҴæĶϥʼ֮ǰ϶ѾҲѧ˻зʽôŨҵϮúĻ˵ܵ˺
ҲҲ˵˵ʲôͬʼԼ
һþûĻдˡŨ̶ȣ֮ǰҪŨ
΢ЦôڵķפռҲзԲʮǳ˼鶴ڷԲȻڵҪ鶴ҪŨʮˡ
Ҳפܹɵļޣ£ĸͱ仯Ҳٶȸ졣
ҲҪϧҲҪ˷ڵʱ䡭ʹɣҪԼʵֻݳȥʿ϶ܹ˴ı仯ģҪΪѵĻʵ޷ֵٺõפҲᱻߡ
ȻѾϱ˰ȻϾֻǲŽļ壬ļ˵ˣ̬ȾפأҲûضԩȥһ³ļҲӵԼľˡ
פ˳ӯһЩפˣԷѧԺĸŨȵѾѧԺŨȵˡһΪֲ֣Ҫ֪ѧԺҸأԣĵط鶴Ȼʮ֮һȴûгɳĶ죬̶Ȼ޷ѧԺڵĽԴȣܹһ룬ҲΪ˺һСĵطŻŨҵ
ĵط岻ܻᶯģϾռֻзԲʮ̯ԲǧûˣһֻһפأɣȻԵ޹ʵҵפأЩС塭
󲿷ֵС壬ûľģǵļפأ޷ҲǱһĵطҪԣһЩȻӵеֻһԲʮפأȻܹоЩСĵԣĵطĻ˵˲ܹʵһ
ҵפȻпǡ
ʵϣѾĶǣʼˡ
ٴ壬ǿİ˴ֲ棬Ҳ˶ӽɵ֮𣬱ڱǽеӱ߾һӵܼ˷ͳ죬һӾҵﵥͳ죬Źڣͬӱ߾ͳֱҺʹ޼ң߾ҳһ룬һ룬ѧԺϲֵⷽȥǳ˱ָ߶ҵƽ֮⣬ڳںʹ׶εʿֻٲѧԺڵεʦְĶǽ˱߾ңǸ˲ŵġ
С壬һڱ߾Һʹ߾ʵļ壬ڵظռݵ̣гɫӵܻȥѧԺѧϰģҲЭعٸΰ
ͼ廹ãСͼ壬кΣУȻԡ干¡ķιȻΪ˱ּľС̭ҲǷǳпģȻһֻ¼ʸ԰ٴսÿ궼¼ٴУȻʿ˵ÿһεƵʣҲ̫ܼһ㡭
ңһΣеļ塣
ǰҵں֮󣬳ɹҳΪ˰ٴ֮һȻϾ̲żڵĳԪ˶ԭлΪͼңֻܹͣСͼڣǵļҴѧͲ㶥ûܹʳڵĵϵӣʹ֮СͼУҲƽʵ׵ļ塣
ڵҼ죬ʱҲֻѧԺԺ꣬ΪֻǴﵽͨ쾳ڴҲû̵Ǹʸֻ뿪ѧԺһʮ꣬ҲֻƷ۷Ϊ볤ڵżûܹͻơ
ȻѾǿĸˣˣһ㶼ֻӵжƷ۷ʵô̻ǱȽϺģϰٸƷ۷ĸ֣ٶﵽƷΪʿҵʵɲ
ҵشڣפڷǰȥķϬԱߣռһ鷽Բĵ̡
ɴ½Ƚϳԣĵطһ㶼ݸΡظռסˣһС壬פضЩиռһƬԣĵطôĵطһ㶼ٵĶȥõĵطǺͶٸһͬչҪչһѵ顣
һ˵ļ壬ǶռһƬԣĵطչһ
ĺõطѾռˣЩ϶괫ļ壬ûӴʱ򣬾ռԣ֮أ귢չǱȻӴʵ϶ҼңһʼҲһļѡ
ļ壬Ȼûôõ
ȽϷ꣬ڵӹûԣȻһСģ˰ٴУ壬¾ͻ˥ȥ˰ɡ
ǣӵǣȻҲǣٵӵҹҹ˯žû¾ĴѰңϣܹҵһõĿһԣ֮أǿʵü棬Ǻ¡
ԪףһӵܣԪ׽ʮ꣬׳꣬ǰʱչгɣһƷ۷˶Ʒ˳Ľ˺ĵӵĻڣһգԪڷϬҩȴͻȻеһԣ
Īʲôҩģ
ԪԺһͷɴ½һЩҩģû֮ǰƽ棬Ȼ֮ðŨʿժĻôŨʱ£ֵܹʮƷʯĲ䡣
С壬һҵõĽҲǼٿƷʯѣԪ׽˺ĵӵУһӼҲõƷʯ뵽һ֮ԪĶˣ´߶⣬ðĵط˹ȥ


136 Ԫ׵Ұ
ΪһΪٴ֮һѾļ壬ȻҲӵĴͳģǼҴ󷨺ͶԵеĹˮ׼ΪףȻķϾԵòһЩֻӵƱ䣬һֿھϵķֻķ쳣ѣټڴƽƽ棬ҵĺֲ٣ȴѳһĸ֡
ԪЩģʱõһʿͣһܹ˲һСɣּʱҲܹõʿԪԪײܹʮ;ͳΪƷʿҪ֪ĶƷֶһ֮ŴﵽģҪһӵܣԪ׿ǵһˡ
ԪҰĵģֻһȴֻ߳һȼܹٽԼʵǿһЩμض֮
ǿУǿʵܹͻƵڣôĵλ̩ɽȻԪ֮ǰͻƵƷΪĻҲֻʵʵλȥһϣͬƷΪԪױᣬ˭֪Ӧѡ
ڲı仯ʱԪĶˣһ·֮㣬˳ԣðҩĵĻ㹻ԼΪƷ۷壬ǿʯĻҲܹԼıƷ۷壬ԼòϣȥҲԼ
ҵķóҵӵΪг֮гȥԪҲˣԷϬ𿤵ĻԪ׷ǳϤһðĵص㣬֪ɽ£ûʲôֻСӣԼֻҪʿǰ浽ĻǱضֵ
ʿĶݹ⣬ǺܿģڽӽɽʱԪ׻⳯ܿ˿ûпκεʿݹ⣬ע⵽ģԼ
뵽һ㣬ԪоǴΪ⣬ԼȷʵǷǳ
ɽһƬԪײûͨĴһǰһɽ£ͨĵ棬ʹ½κһͨط࣬Ļ棬Ҫʿ̫ܣֻܹƽǿѡ
ڷе޼ҴʱԪ׾סˡ
ߴһɵĺصĳǽεΧסˣȻ˵ûʲôڵȻȴʵģԶԶڿиͿڵ
ĪǼˡԪԼ۾һǰŸոմһƬϿշɹȫûκεĺۼ
̫ԼǰһеԪǰַһΣ㿴ǽʲôҲˣ½ʿ˵ڽշֶǱȽİġ
ԣԪڷɵ˷פϿյʱ͸еԼϢһͣԭܹɼԦķƺȫԼ࣬Ȼɼľˤ
ô£
ԴȫûоԪֻüԺðͷǱˤ˵֮ϡеĸ߶ȾͲߣֻ߰ɵӣԭúõĹ۲һô˽շڣµĽշǳڵʿҲжޱȵѣһƷڵʿȻǺ޷ľˤ
ƷʿǿӲ鶯صʱȻԵǱȴܿľվ
һԪоǴϲΪоģһŨñҼפػҪŨϰٱڿУֻҪʿܹܵĻܹԼôĺô
ԼֵģȻһ鱦ɱʲôҩĺͿʯҪмֵһ鱦أԼڴ˴ٶȣڼҪ˰ٱԼʣԽ죬ǻ׾ٵ
ԪҲɵӣڳڵĿϲ֮ע⵽һ⡪Ƭزʲô֮أǵǽƾ⴦صġ
뵽ʱ򣬾˼ȡ
ˣȻҼҵأ
Ԫˤĵطţʱ򷽼ҵҪǻ϶ԺסķڣĻ϶ԭ޼ҴĴǡ
ǻ϶ͨˣûвԪ׵ĵʱΧģʮʵȽǿģӽ۷޼ҴĴ
Ԫ۾һɨһڵʿûУ¾ͶġȺʲôöŽ⴦ΧֻҪԼʩչһЩֶΣЩûʲôĴȻ֪Լʱ˵ܰЩΪá
Ԫ׵ҰĿǴúܣҪҵļҵʵȻҲҪԼȻǸС壬еȴҲ̸ڣںĵǳûʲôһҲŪʲôһ鱦УܹոЩΪԼ£Ȼ󻨷һЩʱڵĸֵĻԼҲܹӵһɲ׵ˣ
ϵӵܣһɲ׵Ȼع鱾ңôȨ鲻ûйϾһ˵ʲôѪУǶģֻǿĺ˷ĸμŻǰ;
˵ǼĴУҵĴУҲˣȻҲᱻ˿óΪһζΪʣƷʿļ˷Ҫӵĳɫ
ԪҲûбȺĲĺȶŭĵ˵ͷܹһʿĽУٴ˴Ĵ뺷ôһɱ뺷֮ʵرĸߣҲǺǿս
Ԫ˹һԼ·ڳһ˵ļơ
ȶǴ˴Ĵɣ˴ѾǱһıأܱ֮棬Ըҵ£Ҳܹڴ˴ĳҸᴫڶţöлͻƵ죬ǳɾͽ𵤴
Ԫ׿һȺûʲôʶĴԼлΪڵʿüͷݣԼĻҲûдôһȺڶûﵽĴ񣬾ռôһ鱦أǻ𣿻˷ˣ
ԼĺõģЩĵʿֱӾͽȻԻüռطӵ˳ԼҪ齨ʿҲЩǰĸˣ
ȻĻڴǵĶУȴЦһҲ̫СˣǼô˵ţɣҲûϣ
Ե¼ͬʱһȻһͬǹõԲͷʲôģͷͳԪҴ
Ӵ񲻵ûͷݣԼҹԪȴûҲûô棬ָ仰ܹôһӵ˶ԼֻԼչʾֶλǣȻŹ֮󣬲Ⱥ˱÷
Ԫײûɱ֣ϾոЩ񣬶ɱǡ
ʾֶεԪײûжƾЩԼҹƷʿ֮϶Ӳ鱦һҲʲôˣͱ˵Щˡ
ѵ֮һ޼ҴĴǶ˺ˣеԪ׵ķ֮ϡ֪ˣǰˣܹԸġ
˸ԽһЩķҴ񣬹ǲܲ˵ҲҪȴ˵Ȼ޼ҴĴǾһ㣬һһ㣬˿ȥܵˡ
Ԫ׵ȻЦЦȻĳ飬Ըɱ̫࣬ĪҪ󣡿˳ңȻǵĺô
䣬һֺôϲôˣأʿܸʲôô
Ԫ΢΢üͷļĸʿӣԻ


137 ʿ
ƺ꣬կңҲկеʱսֺĵڶ֣鶴ΪͱֺԽҲ̫죬ļ۷壬ûܹﵽͨ쾳Ϊ
߳կʣµңڷұȽҪֺ¼ĸǸһЩģԭ޼Ҵ壬ڵǰԺǺںԺֵǳˡ
ƺΪկĵңȻҲǺܶģҽթһ۾ͿԪҲƷʿԶԶĸֵܹģ֮ǰѾȥԺ֪ͨˣҪľסʿԴ̫ɱˣϾһƷʿҪִɱĻȲǲǰԺѾһ˶ʣˡ
ȻкôģؼйֶΣȳң̵úõĻȻӶѡܸ֮ͽϤĴڣöҲ֪֮
ԪȻĵ˵ĻҲǱȽŴˣһļ˵ϵӵܣϵӵܶǸݱý͵ģʯĴ裬ϵָ㡭ʩϵӵܺ͸ӹĸԸΪá
ϧǣƺ⻰ȴﲻм̫СˣǼ󷽣еʽϧó취ṩõĻʲôἯһŽ𡭡
Ȼмƺȴһԥı飺λ˵ô࣬ȺɽҰҲǵ֪һǾȭͷ󣬾еֵĸҲһҪܹסĸĽôǾͳʸǣ
Ԫ׹Ц
ĸˣƽУǵʵȷʵǳͣʿǻž޴Ĳ࣡հհգȻ˲֪ߵغôҾǿʿĸͬʱҳְɣǿķĳҪǶ˻ˣǾӮ
Ԫ׺ĵҪոЩֲç͵ԼҲԵúһЩ
˿ƺ깰˹ֵ֣ǣһ֣ͬ
ңվס淽λƺһվԪ׵ǰĸ
Ԫ¶΢Ц˫ָһɵĸ˷緶ʱոµʱȻҪһЩ
ƺվԪ׵֣߿ұ߿ǰ濴ޱϤĵҴ˸ɫͬʱ⡣
ĸļʿҲһͨ쾳ʿԪ׵ŲǺɵģվǴǿҲûԪһˡ
Ȼƺȴ֪а취ġ
կ֮ǰоŸңڻʣиһϵֺˮϵʿ֮⣬ĸһֱһ׺ϻ󷨣ڷ֪֮ǵصָǣĸվסλãһʱ׼֮ĸַķʮ
ʱ䣬ĸִһǣҲඥһոսһƷʿʵˣһƷʿĳ֡ƷʿҪܹЩΪѵġ
˺ôһ֮ԪЩͷˣ׼ڣһɵʱƺ
Ԫ΢΢һɹһƷʿʲôã
ƺʱǰͬʱҲˣǴյƺߣͬʱһԼڵԪȫעƺڣ
ǽԪ֮ƺվԪҲĵͬҲڿ͡
ʵԼ൱ĵҽԼԪȫ˽ƺҲֲ֧˶ãַͬʱȥõġڵƺ꣬ڿ͵һƣַͬʱԪ׵ı
Ԫ׵ɫͬʱһ䣡
оͬʱӿڣһ֮һ֮һľ֮źˮ֮ͬʱӿĹڣ⧲ڵԪһ㣡
ʱƺѾ˿ˣ֮ǰƺǴչֵһկǰ֮ǰϰߣìͬʱ֣ԶԶĺ¡¡Ԫף
ŪСӣҰ𣬻òͷˣƺЦ
еķìͬʱصʱԪ׵Ӱ¶˳ʱʱףȫԵǱޱȣղȫڹķϣôì˸ţ㹻ǿͱɸӣ
Ĺʱɵַģսѷͳ˴̲סһѪ˳
ѪǰǺôЦƺԵôĴ̶λǿǰѪˣҿ㻹ǼǣʵʵĵһʮңҲ컯
Ԫ׵ɫʼһƬղȻˣϾǶƷʿС˲ܵش죬ȻһȺͨ쾳ûдﵽ󲿷ǲ̤ڵִӣӣǶȥˡ
ǡ
ԪҲ˱ʲôȣŭĴǶ֪ôȻңҪһ˵Ѫϴǵ
ŭԪ׼Ҫֵʱһص˹
ҪǵѪȵʹӣ
ִ󵱼һһտˮ˹ֵô󣬺ԺȻˣں˵飬һֺڲǷҵĵڶ֣ʱҲʲô⡣
ֺʱԪ׵ͫ΢΢һ¡ֺչֳƣͱƺĸҪǿöˣԪû뵽һƧһƷĸ֣
߿Ǵ˴ģҿҲһһƷʿúóңҵҲܷŹҵȻĻһһƷʿҲҿ⣿
Ԫ״˿̿ʼԽľˣϾһʼһȺ۷嶼ûеĴٵĸļʿһȺڸһһƷʿﲢʲôɽҰľۼء
ٷϻȴ˵
ֺԴӽһƷ֮û˶֣ΪһΣʵֱǿ̫࣬ǰһƺԼҪˣԼҲûлӮء
ֺȻֻһƷʿıһóԪЩĽĸоúˮʯһǹͨ͸ڣޱȼӲˮϵͨޱȿݣܹǿˮϵķˮʯֶǾƷˮϵʿҲҪġ
ԪأһƷϵʿõֻͨĻҫʯһȻƷϱֺĳǹҪ߳һƷڲϣͲϱˡ
ϾŪĲϣǶĲϣⷽռıˣǲ١
˾սһ𣬷һԪ׾ͳ˸ʲϵĲĽ˰֮ԪҲֻܹһһ߷ͶԷԼķ;ֺ
ԪڲǰͻƵƷģֺһƷѾͣһʱ䣬Ԫ׵ʵȻԶֺ֮ϣȴҲ޷һ־ͻֺոˣֱ˰ΧʱȺٳ͵Ϯֲռƣһʱ֮䷴ƥֺŴǹѹסˡ
ԪױϾʵϵƣİ˾棬ȴһ˵ĸоûУǧŴһȺѱ֮ıԼո𣿱Ͼһֺڣĺ֣һӵϵĻԼҲӮ
˵þҪɱ䣬ȺһȫɵȻԼռôһ鱦ʲôҲոˣ
Ԫûע⵽ֺĽ֣ΧѾֶ˼ˡ


138 ҹ
ô鷳ˣüͷ
ҵʧ֮ǰۼʱһ˳ȥҲΪԭѸʿˡ˼һ£ȻͻȻ
һν鶴ʱ򣬷ȱ飬ûܿסʵҲһ˲Ԫ׵ע⡣
ô죬ڿû̫ԼЩżĵ
İɣҲһһҪǾ˴壬ǾԲֹôһʿġ½ɶֻСͼ壬һСͼ壬Ҳ£
Ц֪СͼʲôӵģмƷʿ棬ҲмŻӵгڵĸ֡ȻƣȻٷ̫ǿνİٴ壬ܹٷص޷Ǿǰ˸ѣСȫδǰ˴κһĶ֡
ҲǷԼĵԭֻҪӲʸ񣬹ƾһƷ֣÷ٴС
˼䣬භĶУֺѾ𽥵·磬Ԫ׽磬ѰһĻᣬѾȺΪˣҪոǣҲȻɱܹԼԿôʱ죡
ֺḻͷĿôʱ䣬ޱȷḻдǹ裬Ԫһ˿ᡣ
ִ󵱼ЩΣգ˫ְͣɡЩ
żעءͶƷֽ֣־ڵֺž޴İʵֲ֧סˣһֵġ΢Ц
ʿ˵ͬǸ߳һʿִľ飬ô÷ͬѰȻҲñ߾ʱڽս֮Уľɢ˵ҲǷǳѵõģһûᣬȻ׵ķŹ
ֶһʱ䣬Ԫ׵ѾԽԣÿһӳǿĻϵԪֺĶܷΧֺǹԽļˣˮϵֵԪ׵ķȴԵԽ᧿Σ
˿ֺѾȫսȥϵĴţһº֮ȫı˳ԪײûлᣬȻÿλֵʱ򶼱ֺͬھĴ򷨸˻ȥҲԪԵԽļꡣ
Ȼٶһֺ֮ķѾʼ𲽵ĿݽˣϾҪ͸߳һƷʿÿγֶǽ߾ȫķĵҪ졣
һ˵ԽսʱսپĻضͻӭʧܣϾ߳һƷζŸǿӯ
ڣԪץסһᣬһѾЩֺĳǹȻѸһֱֺʺ
ֺĿʱԪͻȻǰһѾҪԼһֺͻأʧԼǰ
󾪵ԪˣԽ⻤ԪͷֲˣΪʵҪֺһߴ۲ܣǰǿģȺ֮󲻰æָָ㣬ƶҲмˢӡȻԼҪɱֵʱ򣬲֪˭֣˲ͽ˴Լߣ
Ԫѡ񱣻ԼȻ⻤סʱ򣬶ȴһ
ӦͦȷģϧʵУ
һָոԪ׾͸оԼϾཻ潣ֱӾʹз˳ȥֻɳףͲ˵ϡ
һʮֲµֱֺֻ꣬Żֵƣ΢ЦվԼǰ
Ԫ׼ֱԼ۾һˣ֣ͽԼķ˳ȥ
˭Ԫʶһ⡣
ң㻹֪ҵ֡ɣطҵģҿҲƷʿһףĻ룬ҶɷҲȲ
һעϵķԳģԪǱһȭһ˸˳ֳԼ潣һԵתߡ
ԪײֻʵĴӳųߵӰô׵ķŹ
ɵչǲõġֺȻϾǻڶ뾳ڣҪضĹء֪Ѿļ壬Ҳûжˣܲܵɵֺٳֻɱԣȷһɡ
˵ͷȴе㲻ˬ÷ǲ̫Ĵһ㣿
Ҫ֪ȻɷƽıǳܣȻʿ֮ûôˣϾҪĲʿսʿ֮ĶԿĳһĳһնݳٷһ˵ҲȥܣֻҪɣȻĳԵ޹ʵļ壬ٷ϶Ҫֵġ
Ԫִ˷ɵһ㶼ԩ
ЦǱˣǵĿش˸ոձҴˡ˿ɶȴԱشҪǣҲûʲôء
ŻȻ򡪡ûڿǺ޼˷ʵ򲻹Ȼ𿤵ľǺǿģû˽ɵԸȻʲô©ץסˣ㷢ҵĻ³˷֮⣬һӲ
ϾʵȻûͱ߾ȣĴ󿤣Ҳһ֧פݶ뿤ı׼ãӵһƷʵͳ죬һ֧˵ȫƷʿɵױӣһȱ߾һٲ٣ҲˣһӪʮӪһӪӪ϶ƷΪһʮƷʿԽսһˣҲѵֵԴԴϵĴĽ
Ǽأһ鱦أЩСҲǻ۲İɣһ⡣
һ鷳ĻǾٺòˡЦһС壬мƷ֣һȺһƷƷʿһ˾ܰȫɵ֪Ѿļ壬ƣǾݶɷһ壬ôǾܹȡǵλãǲˣ˵Ļô鷳ȥμսһսǶ鷳
ɵǸ壬ôʣµĶǵˡܲĻȻȴǶٷĹأ
бһ³ļ壬£Ѱ˴еĳˣҲܹȡ˴ĵλ
Ȼ⼸ǲܵģ˴ģ˵Ҳʮңڵʿٸڵʿڵʿǧ򣬸Χӵܺ͸ӹۻȷʵκһ˵ļܹԿġ
ŷĻͬʱĬˡȻҲͳ͵˲ţǱϾ۽̫Сжļʶ˵֪
Ҳڿ˴Ҹ֮󣬲֪һݾͲͷݹһ¼սȥȻǰսĻᡭ
λ⼸׼øֶúҪѿܵȫ¼Ϊ֤е
ҵ˶Ц׷Ӧŵ
׼ʲôһ䡣
Ҫ취ӲʩŪ롭ҵˣǾͲùˡЦ
ͬʱͷڷ˵ʲôǶţ˵ǴһŪģ˵ɶǷڸɣϾܶ飬ֻȥ
ͷפػӲͬǣԪ״˿ڷǳǱӴܣȻûжĳ֣һȴеޱȵ衣
ȺӵţҼһȮ


139 æ
ڷפڣ޼Ҵ˷׷׷ʼŷʽԣĻڣнǿ϶ģֻֽѡСģ϶ܶ࣬ʹľδˣϾʿ˵Խ翪ʼԼЧȻԽá
֮Իĸ֣ΪǵӵܼǴ̥ͿʼˣܶĺڳʱѾܹܵİͳʽȥԵ귽ŻᱻΪţΪڴû£ʮ꿪ʼһ¾ʹӺͻƵ죬ٶǼ亱ġ
ͱȽϴĴ˵ǽ̫죬ܱȲҪãһֵӵģ׽ϴĵҩ֧£Ҳӭһηٽʱڡ
ԣĻдĵҩ֧֣Ⱥ޸ĴһʼԤǱضһԾܹﵽʲôĵز͵ÿǱʺͻԵˡ
ԤǣԽСģĿռԽ
ҴĴҲͬĿʼֻһѾһĳ̶ȣ֮ǰûʲôĴ񣬿ʼŻʩĵطĵط׵ĵطⶼҪģͬʱȺҲʲôĴҲŲһ츳
˿ʼæµʱ򣬷Ҳûš
ҴԭַϣӱԵٳռظзԲһĶĵطԤҩũĵطɴ½ط֣κεطһӾͿԵջĺõطҪĻҲ̫ѡ
Ͷ֮䣬С͵ľ󣬽ȫ鶴ֱעС
ƬϵפŨ˼֮£ز仯ȻҲҪϺܶࡣ
ʼԼӺҩӺʹѧԺĻƾ׵ӣһһȥлѧԺ򹤵ǶӣֲҩĺһѺ֡
֮󣬷İûйˣȥҲĳ̶ֳϸصıʣȵƬؿʼȫֲ֮ٿʼʽֲ
ʱЩĴ񣬾ͿԸˣûķֲʵϷɴ½ϺܶͼʿǸģ統ʱѧԺͷһֲͬƾ׵Щɢǡ
һ˵߶սȻǱģȻҲٲЩʵȽʿÿܴ˭ǣԷû˭ǿп޵ģɴ½ϵļ壬һСᣬиҵ˲ŶҪ
ŪأҲΪӲϷҪҩġסʯʿģȻЩֱӹȻûԲҲ֤ǰ;
ҩð죬ˣȻͱȽѰˡ
˼һ֮󣬷ʼ޼ҴԭַͷҴԭַ֮ɽԼᴩӵĺ£ͬС;סɽͺŷӺŪһֿʯɽͺӵΪӣЩʯھһʱĳ֮󣬻תΪĺģһֿʯ
Щֻǳʩȵģ󣬷Ǵ㽫ɽһ󱦿⣬ֻҪ󣬼ϷӵеĴԴȻܹϢ
ҪÿͣõķȻѰҵ쾫ΪĺģȻҲȷʵ̫ݳˣԼҪء
ֻҪһʱͨĿˣ̫⡣
Щ黨˷ʱ䣬ڼҺҶѾ޽ˣżǷǳе顣
ңܹԼģֻзֺˣҲ켶ʿȻܹд鱦װϵĻԷʿĴڣҲһɲСϾϺõ鱦ʿܹӳǿ
뵽һ㣬ѧԺܿ⡪ϵ鱦ʱһ֧˵ʿϧЩսҲܹġ
֮󻹵һѧԺͷĿʯ٣Ӧܹٵ鱦ɡ
ţҲǿǿ϶ǲõģһ廹ǵԼ鱦û𣿵ֻʵʱϾ߰˼Ʒõ취һһƷʿҪڴûʹЩ鱦Ҳδܹ
нϵӵܣҲм鱦ⷽĻۺȷʵˡ
޼ҴͷҴΪܹԸĴӣڵʲôҲ٣޼Ҵ罻һЩȽ٣ҴԵ÷պܶ࣬ԴȽ϶࣬Щһ㶼СˣЧҲһ㣬ǳڴҲ൱ġ
ԷȺ˼ƾԼļ䣬˲鱦ͼֽⲢʲôܣѧԺѧԱԺʱҲǻѧϰ鱦Ĵ췽ʽģһΪͣôʱ䣬ⷽоҲȽ϶һ㡣
ڷޱȵĸлѧԺѧԺݲĽѧʽѧô飬ҲΪĿհڣʱȥѧϰôĶڣʱѧЩΪûʲôõѧ˾޴á
Ҫ֪ʱֻΪ˷ֹԼĲУѧֵѧҲֲһڷԡ⸣иǡ
Щͼֽһһȥ֮󣬷ͿʼЩǣ޽￪ʼȻǻûʲô鱦ľ飬ȻͷֿʯͲ϶࣬һȥ⼸ָܳĴʦ
ɴ½ϼûɵӣܶƽȱģֻԴͻѡ
פڶʱ򣬷ԼĹûȥʲôֱߵפصĴŴϥĵȴſܵĳЩ֮͡
еķҵ˶˾ְŨפڷţһһĽ˵ڣǵǿǵľ
취һҩڲˣ׽ġϴġǿʱ֪ġЩҩɶͦģǲǿԺףǽ׵õĺôһ˾ռķ֮һδЩ̰ˣһЩʯҩȥҽҩǲʲôɣô˵ҺĹϵôá
ͼֽ๻ˣһֱôƺĵԴҲһЩϣܹҵһЩָһ£ߺܶ·
ҩĵҲҪȥչ⵹СǮϾǱƷ۸񲻻̫ߡ
аʱ䣬ӪвѧԱҪҵˣӦв˻ѡҰɣôһڵм룬ʵҲ̫ˣȲϼ壬ͼҲ˵һЩء
ϥԺȴϵ˼һЩ飬ȻԼһֱæȴԵúܳʵ
ԼʵƷΪϣƷսȴҲҪúõĴһ»ԼǳڣҲҪһЩս飬ϣôһ۵ļԼ鷳һսӦûԼٻһЩɣ
֮󣬾͵óˣʿɲܱ쳵һ壬ȡǵλãʱܹٷļˣԼҲԷĵ뿪
뵽ʱ򣬷ʼһϢ𽥵Ľӽ̧ͷȥڴڵϷݹڳ
ˡ΢΢Ц


140 ѹ
ԪײֻʵĻصңȻԼ֪ʱһϲȻһŭ
ϲǣôһ鱦صĻС㣬ҲԳΪʢĸԴŭǣԪ׵ĻСһԼ͵͵ȥˣָ㲻Żؼȡ
Ԫ̽Ϣǳмֵ
˹һԼ룬˹ĵĹͲСǰȥռҵ棬ҵ磬˵Ҳǣ
ʮΪڶƷ۷ĳϵ棬һñӾֱӿԪдޣҲ֪ԼС̶ǱˣҲֻܵͷϴ
Ԫ׻ᣬǷȱǣҷŹԪ׵ĻǴصм֣Ҫ֣ǼҲþӢվããԪ״Ļᡣ
һϳмϸ͡
˵ͷ֪ԪҲǲٳϿõģϾǿ쵼˲ܹһԻͣȻҲܹľͽͷ
˵ǣԪףҽ֪ĶԷʵٵ
Ԫ׸лĿ˼һۣȻԼ֪ȫ˵˳
Լˣһٶո̤ʿʮļ弶ĸ߼ʿƷʿԪֻһֺ
ʵȷʵôȻԪ˵Լһ˺֮е쵼˶üͷ
Ԫ׾ǲŸոͻƵƷô˵ҲǶƷʿһͺ˳ȥôֻʲôʵ
ʳԪ׻ش
ôǰģôֺߵģûп
ôһߵģҲûп
˵ʱ򣬲ûˣΪ˵̫죬Ҳûȥܷʵ
֧֧˰֮Ԫֻܽʱľǳϸ˵һ顣
һϵ˵ͷӦþˡԪΪս֮£ʵѾ»Ͼ鲻ḻŻִ֮˺󣬴ӦǷϵʿ˹ȵԪߣȻʵ϶ǱԪҪǿģǿҲӦǿ
ҵǷ׷׵ͷƶϣǺ
ԷֻһƷĸֵĻô϶ҵĶ֣ô˵Ҳһļ壬һƷ۷ļʮƷ۷ĳϣϰٸƷΪĵϵӵܣһƷΪͨӵڵΧӲӴʵԷһƷʿֵܹ
ǸԪ׵ĸ֮⣬ûûֵĸ֣һδ֪
ӦûˡϾһʼԪ׽ֵģӺ졢죬ȻٵһƷܷһʵֲֵľһƷĸ֣ʵԪ׵ʱ״̬һƷ־ԻˣƷ֣пܾмǿĸ֣˼
˵ûһϵ˵ͷǿԴ󵨵Ĳ²⣬⴦Ѿһʱ䣬ԵصĴԼʵһЩ츳ģΪЩǸһƷ֡ǸƷĸ֣м츳ǸڽƷʱΪûпסԼñϳ˿ȱй¶Ԫ׷ˡ
ڳϽͷäӣƶϵģ൱֮пܾʵࡣ
Ϊ˱ǻý££šĵϤѡΪͨӣ֮ƣһ£ô˵ȱأչΪµļפأҵһչ֮ڣҼʵ
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Ƿ׷վ𣬲ôֻҪ鱦أЩϺͼܹõ֤ɹĻôͻƵڣҲлƷ볤ֻһ֮ң
ʿܹǧȻ˳ڣôͽӵ˭ЩȨյĳǸӲ
£ҿʼԱһ֮һʮƷ۷ĳϣһĵӣһͨӣһʮƷʿڼ֮󣬼˶ݹ⣬Ԫ׵·֮£ֱɷפأ
ڣѹ
ͳͷųǿϢԪг˿⡪ǸĵطȮ
ԼкܶӵûúõǲҪЩӣĺһĻǰǶߣΪ׵Щʿضᱻնɱ
Ϊ׵ģЩҲֻɢ֮µĲ׸ɵڵģʿʿ֮ٷһǲܵģһļ壬ⷽ棬ǻܵһЩŴġ
Ԫײ֪ǣδ·ȴңıԵ
һȺʿݹǰȻҲжٷ˷ˣϧǣ𿤵Ŀغ˱չأҲΪٷ壬Ҳʲô鷸Ƶ飬ֻפһָǺ棬뿴ǵ״ȥʲô
֮УЩеʿ˷֤ˡ
ǰǴˡ
ԶԶĿǽ֮Ԫͣ˶ݹ⣬ת
ʮҲͬʱͣ˶ݹ⣬ǵĶݹȽϿ죬ӻһξں棬Ҳһ
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˴޷еȻֻҪƬǽ֮ڣͻŨֹҵȼפŨʮԪ׾ԡ
Ԫ
ѵǾ󣿡һϳԾĵܹλľ󣬿ͼжܹİѵ˴иˣ
еĳ϶סˣǵȻ֪ľҪʲôֶΡҲҪŸͨϵĴʿͨʩչܹ£˲ŴСǿ϶޷ӵеģͼҲܹľŸʿ
Ͼڷɴ½Уóеʿģܹϵϵʿٵöˣ˵һٸʿаʮܹзĻôжʮܹϵϵķ
ܹʿǾ͸ӵϡ٣һٸʿﲻܳһϵϵʿʿҪ͸ӵѣңڵʿϵңʿֻѧԺԺаһϵңʿֻжһ
Դ͵ľ󣬱Ķ˵ʵʿʵ̫Ѵˡ
ĵطԲܴճʿҡͷһǴ˴⣬ľ֮أȿ˴Σһ«һ㣬ĴɽΧľ֮ΣԵǽʱȻͱΧ档
ǲɵöȻҲеģеСͼ彫פطĵУҲһ̶ܹγɾЧȻȾҪôһ㡣
ǿʼ佱żͷϻ۲ǺǵţҲԼʵ̫ˡ
ȵĵǶ֮찴˶ݹ⣬ھǽڴɵĵطأȻһͣ˹ĳȥ
֮ʦѹҲɱ̫࣬鷳֪ǣȫ崳շ֮һһ׹ĺ
ȻǾͿһֲµ꣬ϥڳǰƺһ㡣


141 һԾ
ʱԪ׾;ЩͷƤ顣
Ȼ֪Լôģ鲻ԽľЩ£¾˺˼ȻʱҵģǴˣ
΢΢ĵ˵ͷĵôһʮ꣬ͻ㣡Ƕҵ
Ԫһӻңֻڨڨ¡
ǰǰλ꣬ļҵӵܣ
΢΢۾ɨǰٶ˵ʿһۡ
µ⣬ģʿ½ҲǺܺˣϾҪǷڱ߾ڵءѧԺפԼݸص֮⣬פǺܶ࣬ƽʱҲǷɢάΰΪ㳲ȷʵҲǺټġ
꣬ѾƸŵ˰ɡ
롣
ϧǣڱ߾ǧƷʿս޷κε
һɢޣ˴Ҽפأλûʲô飬ذɡ
ʵҵЩ֡壿ʲô壿
ɢм壿ֻ˵󻰣ɹ
ҴƷʿ齨µļ壬βܣһ֮ǰϬϱռʹӼǰ˴ҼҵפءȻش
ԭˡ˵ͷ⵹Ǻģɢܹ齨壬˭ֹֻ֪ʽļ嵹ǺټˣΪһ˵ûʲôô
ĳɢޣһأȻ취齨¼ɣļ塭㱻ˣҲ鷳ġ
Ϸ죬Ϊ֮˵棬ҵĴȥһ֮
ҼĴȥͶкιϵشõҲ
ˣĪҪ̫塣ЦеĵҿᣬҲһЩΪңҿ壬ÿ곯ᷢ͢ʹͣϷɽΪŵӣǱôһƧĵطҪǰ;öࡣ
ˣСϰԼԼɺƽĻش
һҵĳϼĲ֪ߵغСӣǼĺȴԣȰ㻹ٹͷǼģŹ㲻֮
ϼһס죡
һΪҲ֪ʲôǵĵԣҪᣡҷ˵һ³ļ壬ȴҲмӲͷҪᣬȴҵʬ̤ȥ
ȻĳһȺʿʱڳǽϷһȺڳǽ棬ÿһ顰ξʯǡʯڶųţֳһУһһεĶ¼
ξʯʯһּΪľʯû̫ãǰ߿ֳһЩ飬ǿ¼֮ãһ㶼ʿУֵҲĸߡ
ںҲҵһЩľʯԾһͬ˻ó
ҵ˲ûвڳǽţֻΪǶԷ֣Ȼû뵽Ⱥ˾ȻľʯС
ڷһ֮ҵɫҲЩҲסˡȻǾΪǿȡģܵҲڳһٷļӣһͺɱģȴֱӵǵ뷨߲һѾͳ
΢΢һͷһҵĳԽڶȵС񣬲ʶôҼɣ
˹ûʵһ仰Ʒ۷ĳһ̧֣һŻгͣȻ˷
ҵʿԻϵʿΪȻǼҴƾܹģǷϵȻϵʿͺƾƶϵҲǲס
Żɵ;ͻȻзֿγСһĻһȦ֮˷
ϥڳ֮ǰҪţ͵ùһء
ϳΪ̽Ʒ۷ʿƾܹ֮ӳո̤ƷʿʵҲһΪǿĺ֡
һдҲöһ°ɡ
Ȼûжܣƺ˵öڽӽһҵĵطʱ򣬷ɵĻһ֣һƬˮǰͬǴһΪȻסö
֮öǰĹԽԽСڿҪӽʱڻΪޣ
ƣȻվ
֮£ѡҪôȥҪôҵʬ̤ȥ
΢΢üͷȻֹס׼ٶȽľٶˣΪΪףĪҪ󣬻ǿȥɡ
붯ƤӾõһ鱦أô˵¶ȻЦ
ϵļ춯
Ȼڤ粻飬ǾݹҵȽѵһ֪ߵغˡ
Ȼߵʾһ¡
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һңһˣǽҴϵ൱ʿҪǣһͬͬɱκֶҪ󣬾ԼҲ޷׵Ļ֡
һ֣֮ͬµȷʵףͬʱǵıðŲһΪǿѹֱӳŷ˹ȥ
ʣҴһٻɱ
ĺϻ֮ȷʵҲ㲻ףȻڱ߾նɱƷҲķ˵ĽҲֻСơ
ûмһӡƷʿֻҪùһӡҲǰϹԼƷΪ
ڻҪӽʱ򣬷Ĵֲ޷ԶǿϢڴϵĳͬעһĹŷ˫һϣһӿˮ˫ðͬһȻӴʮˮſһȫȥ
Իˮ˲ͱûӿˮͣЪצľֱӳ˹
ϵûлֽţͬʱ߶˿ȥ̫һʱ֮Ҳûֵˮĳ
Ȼ˸ոճ֮ˮͻȻðˮޱȿݵĻϣ
Һ˾ڿ³һѪˮҲһ㣬ȴ̺޷ֵĴһѪ³ίڵأʧȥս
һ֣˽Ծ
Ʒ۷ĳֳ򲻹꣬ҶµˣϾѾʾǿʵȻһ֮¾ɷˣ֮ôֶԮƷ۷ĳʧȥս
ϣԣǴˣҲԣôҸֵǰǶûзӦʱԴҸ߶ʵһɵĳϣʧȥս
ʲô
ʣµʮ϶Щɫ䣬Щ֮˴˶ϤΪ֣˵֮µǿĸҲϡ֮ͨµսֱԱȵĸͬĸ֣ȴڷһ֮£ܣ
ȫǲϵĲ࣬ʵϵĲࡣ
ѹ˴󵨡ԭĵɫЩѿ
û㱾£ĵطҵĴ죡
֣ȻôλǲҲһ
ߺߣдڲ࣬λ㶷ƥ֮£
ͻȻ˺һȻһ֣ϣ


142 ȫ
һԼ֮µǿĳϵ־ͱ˻ˣ˸ľ֮ģԼȻҲܻϵ֣Ǿ޷ôһ־ͻˣο֮ӣƺһ㶼ᣬ͸˼ɵ޷һ֮¾ˣ
ȻԼϿԱģȻԼγֶõˮϵԼʹ󲿷ҵĸһǻԵʿˮԵʿЩƣԼʵǿҲӮ˶֡
ԼȻõģ˵ոԷһǿʿĻͶԼ£οܻܲδ֪£ðգɴ֮һٴݻٶĵֿ
꣬ضӵΨһһ֣ҲӵĹǣɱܹ֮ոЩûвĴΪҵĸӹǸ׵
һ֮ҵʿӿǰʣµʮԭվͬʱ֣һĵӺһΧҲ׷Ծ˿УͬʱԼķ
һʮ貵Ĺ⻪ȻкȴͬĿꡣ
첢ûг֣ڳֵҵĺʮƷ۷ĳϣһٸƷʵĺĵӣһΧеľһʵƷʿҲӦ쳣ѡҪ
ҵĵӻ϶ǻϵʿҲٲϵͽϵʿǵĹͬһԴ໥֮ķҲС˺ܶ࣬ĺϻҲûо飬ųɵķû໥ţǾ۳һĺӿĴ˷˷
Ȼ޷󹥻ڷǰǵĹҲκһʿû
ڷȥ֮ǰ쿴˷㵵ı顣
΢΢Ц˰ǻô棡ΪԼ߻ɳһĻ𣿼ȻƣΪʲôҪһĶǵʿܵˣ
ЦУûпǣλʿķǵصĺȥʱ򣬷¶һ˿Цݡ
ô˵ļҾһ£Լ׺һЩɱ˶һЩҲ˾Լĺɣ
Ͼƣ˭ΪǴһٻɱ
һӡʼӷͷð˳žһͬˮһ㣬ȴޱȼ̵Ļƹӹһӡð˳˶档
ҵĺ˷ķڷϵ
ޱߵһײڼ̵ǽϣŰһ֮󣬾𽥵Ϩȥ
ĿųڵˣڳڵɢȥʱЦһһϡ
һӡڿУųɻâ棬ڹâ֮У΢Ц˿Ϊ⡣
ҵ˻ӲŵĿһС
һٸλһƷ۷ĵӣһٸжƷʵĵӣʮӵжƷ۷ʵĳϣô˵һ˵һëû˵
ֻһͣǰ꣬ͲǴڵʿҲƷĳʿ
Ҳֻгʿڴ󾳽ѹ֮£Żƣ
𿴶ҡѧԺЩ嶯кöңʿʿ࣬ʤȻʵ϶½ЩС˵һʿǿԽĴڣ
ڴ˿ĶˡȻͬԾԪף޲ðһˡ
Ϳ飬ͷðһģһССԪӤ
ԪӤƷʿ
ǳ֡Ѿ˰ɣֵҳˡ
ʣȻڴ˿̵˵ĶȴͬдĶħһ㣬˲
ҵȴˣҵߡ
ǵһӦģȻѾˣ
ԪӤʼԼĶһӡֳɹâԪӿֱӻΪֱҵʿȺУ
ûȵ˷ӦķѾм䡣
зӦʿԼķȻǵĻҵĴ֮£ֽͬһ㣬׷ѣűеģǵ壡
ҵӵܱײĴɢˣҵӵܶˣȴûһģֻʱʧȥսѡ
վмĳǣ͵˴ùվһ𣬸ղųֵʱƴȫķ֮£һ飬˼ء˵ֻʣһ˵㣬Ҳ˶١
죬ʵǿӦ죬ҸղŲûг֣֮ѸٵĻس㿪˷һĵشֻǱ˶ѡ
ȻһˣҲһ𣬲ѪľѪˡһ֮£ʿûһվԭصģ
ݼһ
תȫȫĿʼԼܡ
Ʒʿ
ĸ֣Բֵܹģ
ڣҪǵӵȻӵĶȥмڣӵ˺УҲӲ
һ֣ͷȫˣ
Ȼһָƾð˳һʮҵĸ߲ﶼ˸ʵʵ˶ˣҲ
ҵڷֺ˵£ӳ¥˳ʿץ˳ŴûǽȥϾפԣץȥǱǡ
ҵ˺޵ֿ֮ıץÿ־ŷȼʿȻ½أҹҪˣ
˶ջĿԪסҪ쵰ôܵ裿ںˣȻûҲһԪˣˣûһܹõıģ㷽ǶߣҲԸңҵĸ߲ʵҲ»һأ껹ܱܲסҵĵλһ⡭
Ԫ׿ɥҲǡ˭֪Ȼһ壡
Ԫ׺޲ܹʱ⵹صʱվǰ
Ԫ״˿ûκŵ֮һ󣺡
Ҫɱ㣬ҶһСָͷ¶ѡ
ǰЦЦĿô
⻹Ǹ
ȫɱңҲʿƽŸߵܣ˭
Ԫ׹ϵĻش
ǵĶԻ˵Ķһ˿ϣӣ˴֮ǰһ⣬Ҫոҡ
ôֻҪžͺá
΢΢ЦĻһָסԪ׵ĳٴѣȥҵĵ̡Ȼңңʲôʵɡ
Ԫײվɣ˴λϺͬţѾȫݼˣ
ûʣЩ֮⣬ϵӶ٣ϵӶ٣ӹ٣пв
ЦһУ㶼Ҫ·ϸңǸҪصפأúķһʱɣڼڣҪ֪һжҡ
Ȼ֪޲ԣ޲Ԫ״ϲ
˵ͷҲû˵ʲôϻȻԪ𣬳ķȥ
ŷߵ˱µǰһһ۵ĵǼȡ˶к֮¡ҼѧԺӣ֮ͽ뵱㹫´õ꣬˴γ죬ĿǳΪļ壬Զ˵Ҳһᡭ


143 ̲
ٵӴţгС
γ͵ɣֶʴˣʵǴʧߣ֮µҸһսīڻô죿
һ·Ӵ֮£Ҳ˲ٵİ취ֻڷԵʵѹ֮£İ취ҲûʲôᶨĺԮȻĻ̨һѣҲڻΪһԣĵȫݼһ򾡡
ڼֻʣ˼ո̤һƷΪͨ쾳ΪĵӣҪôڵеʿҪôں죬ֻһС壬ȫԴЩƷĵĶϵӺ͸ӹܶʱҲֻܹڲִ֮䣬֯ʲô
ֻܰϣڷϣϣҪ׷ЩҵʿŻԺȥɷˡһʯʲôĶԣôۻһЩҵġ
֪ǣԷ̲֮ĵʱҲⲻ˻ᱻ̲㹻θڡ
ĶݹҵļפشţصĵӼֻмһ˻ˣûм˸Żͷɵöסˡ
ʱﻹ˼ȥЩͨĵӣһӣ׼ţȴ˳ƿ֮һ̣Ԫ׵ķǰ
˺Ȼ󿴵ԪָֻŵĺɣҵļפˡҵĺĵӲ࣬ץסˣϵٮٮҲץסˣϵӻʣ²һǧӹˣûʲôʵ
㡭ŭָԪףͽ
ľܣƷʿ֮ͿңοȥģɲǰӣԸǼ嶼չ鵽ȥзأΪ֧Ԯǵǰ;϶ģ
Ԫô˵ҲһƷʿôһҵеӼˡ
ɫ࣬פʣµĵһãľۼ˴֮ʲôô೤ϺͺĵӶץסˣȥ˶áʲôƷʿôʲôҪǼչ飿Ҳûʲô취ҪΪһƷʿڵļһ֣Ҳøء
ҹȥϰΪû䣬ԴѷĶڱˡΪʵû䣬޷;ʯҩġʯԴʹֻܹ޵ҽԴĵʹãʹĵӸʹӼòʲôôͽͣͻȻ˵Ҫһӣ󲿷ֵӵĵһʱ뷨ȻǡƺҲ
Щӹǣ͸ûʲôԼ뷨Ķǵӹʵǿһ㣬ӹкôء
ͽԻڣ
Ҳ̲סеŭⲪ¾һԪ˹ȥȷʵʲôʱ֣Ǹ˷ʵ
ƷսԸһƷʿûʲôѾеĽǱʮʱžı¾ķ챾ҲѪίȥ
ƽʱһļ޻֮ľͱˣĵȫ֪Ӧô졣
յ˵һ岻ôױ˻ȻҵĳϺͺĵǱһܣ֯޼ɣˣΨһһеԪΪҡź
ԪһһϵãȻĴӼפ˳Լϵһһվãʾ˶Էĳ
ȻԪ··ɵϯҵڿ⣬ټ鱦ǧƷʯϯһգ¾͸ϵһ˷һƷʯ
ϵǷ˻ңһҲδõһƷʯϾ󲿷ֵԴƫ˳Ǻ͵ϵӵܣЩϵӵܣһҲõһƷʯƷʯǸɺüˡ
ʤ֮սƷͽġǺܼ򵥵ǳЧ
֮ڣ˸ϵԭķҴ壬Ԫ״ӡĵȻԸҷҴ壬ҲνͲˡפأѾΪ˹ȥһطҲ̫ãͻķ˰ɡ
ԪϲüңȻ֪ҲǷһ飬ԼܹϵӺ͸ӹϵҴĻȻ˹͡
˵Ҳ֣Ԫ£ҰĴȻڷܴ֮󣬵֮ģҲΪ֪Լͷ֮Ĳ࣬ǲܹ׷ϵģҰĵˣҲʱơ
ڷƮƮһ仰ҪķһפأԪľ֮Ҳ˼ֶԷη壬ң֮ǰ˼ĺҪõĶڷȴ˿ֵûУ֤ԼͷŶôĲࣿ
ڷ˵뿪֮ԪóԼȫ
ʣµǿĸ֣ΪһٮٮߣϵӵеҲǺܸߵģȻҲҰҪ֮λϵӵܴ󲿷ֶǸո̤һƷľ磬ҲֻΨհ
Ԫ֮ǰΪ˵µĿ๦һչ˳һֵϵʼΪǸɣֻһʱ䣬ټеϵӵܣȻ󽫸ӹҲټ˺ƺƵĴӣʼǰҴ塣
Ϊ󲿷ûƷĵӣ޷շУҲֻܹòеķʽұϾǸ壬ҵ׻ôһЩ
կ֯һ֧һǧ˵ӣ͸˵ˣƺƵ˶űޣʼŷҴķǰ
Ϊ˱ļԪ൱ľ뿪֮ǰĵϵңҵá飬Ҳ
һ֮Ԫ״˳ˣֻѾΪƽصҡ
ǻ·ϵʱ򣬷Ѿɻ˷Ҵ塣
Ͷҵ£ҿԸǸӹλáֺãҲǲܡĶ
Цһ֮㵱ӹ㻹ɱҰɣ
֮ǰЩϺ͵ϵǣΪǻԼͬһߣȻЩ˵ĳϺ͵ǣȴ׷׵Ķ㿪
ʱѾסеҸ֡˵İͽ㹫ɡĺѡһƤסЩҵĸ֡
Ȼĸ֣Ȼ𿤵ĿӵűǿöʵľƷϸ֣㹫УĴδһԶԶĴڣǵУѾһӵǿǱ׼ɾһҵĶʿˡ
ȻǶҵľӢΪˣǲ֪ʵѾûʲôǰ;ģܹͶ뷽£ǴӸӹǵʵӦܹõõλðɣڵķң˷֮⣬˶Ⱥء
Ϊܿɱķ֣ȺƺѾʼԷˡ
ô룬Ҳ벻ͨ
֪ҵĿʲôҲǰ˴Ĵڡٹ꣬һͬѧҪҵˣʱٻһٸڵʿҰæ̶̰ڣֻҪҵļ壬Ͳκε⣡ȵǳɳ֮󣬱˵С壬˴֮κμ壬ǵĶ֣΢Ц
ҡҲˡ㹫˵ͷסˣε̾ϢĻֱӸɵҾˣҪʲôأ
ҵļֵʽҿҲʲôĵ˲ţһ֧һҡҡ׹ļ壬ҵ£ұ֤㽫øãҶҿصģֻǸѣ㲻Ʒˣϳ͢ռǵǸҲǼ򵥵飬ֻʡʱѡ
Ȼͷģ


144 
ӽ쿪ʼǾҷҵĸӹˡ죬ԪףǸӹ죬ֱֻӸ𣿻֮䣬ûнƵġ
Ԫ״źƺƵһҴʱԪ˵
ԭҵֳݣԭĳϺͺӵԼӹһַָ죬ʣµϵӵܺӹָԪףյҪǿȻǱߵĶֶˣûָԪұʲôҲҪƣԪյЩӸᣬȴûڳͻܵʲô˺˫˭ҲûԸԷ
Ԫһϵ˵УѾ˻˺ͽҲܺúˣˡ
ȻȺȡҴկ޼Ҵ˵ĵλȻһȺ˵ʵҪǿֺ˺ܶ࣬ڷڻѹס뿪Ļ»¶ˡ
Ԫ׸ԸΪãҲδزǴͷ֪һڸ֮ҲͷԪ׾Ͳһˡ
Դ˷Ҳ׼һ뿪ԪʱҪԸģ»죬ԭԼͲԸȻҵĵϵϵӵܸķչʱ䡣
ҵڷӪʣʯ¼ӵܺ͸ӹǲԷͬˣ޷ͷܵͷ
ʱ䣬ĪķӲٶȽһƬɽپʮ﷽Բľ󣬽ɽɽµһƬ˷פصķΧ
һƬƬɽֱһƬƬµر٣¿ٳɽµĺԺٶȹµļ԰
ǰ½ľΧɵ࣬ԭȫƵµľڣ޼Ҵ뷽Ҵԭַճԭҵˡ
Ҫģһ鱦أ鱦أˡ
ԭĵǷ׷׽ǽ֮󣬷ĵ
űԭļפŨöһԭҳԱͬʱһ㶡
л󷽣ԪȺЩӹҲźǰܲĴ
һȴҲŷ˹֡ȻˣǱģܹһֱĻĻƸԭҲֻҪµʱ䣬ͬʱ˵лͻԼһֱûܹͻƵƷƷ֮ϣ
˿̲ģȴҲԸŹĻᣬŨĵطÿʿŹĻġ
ôһǿģֻҪãͱضи˰ɣһ֮˶ҪѰҸҩġ޲ԼʯԴܹõĹ׶ȣǣǴﵽ׶ȵģͿܹڴ˴ʮʸûдﵽ׶ȣǾ͵ȵڶ°ɡ׶ȶõģõĿʯҩġҩǣֻҪ׶㹻Ҫκζһ
ʼһҵĹءǷͨҸļضģϸ涨˸ӹĹأӹÿÿ¿ȡĿƷʯΪٺŴҪù׶سĸֿʯҩģϸֵһƷһƷĿʯɶһٹ׶ȣһһƷҩĿɶһٹ׶ȡ
ÿ»Ĺ׶֮⣬ƷӹǿʹãҲͬĽɸһ׶ȣĹ׶ȿ彻ԼҪҩĺͿʯϾƷʿ챾Ҫܶʯġ
֮ݹ趨ܣûκ©ӿ꣬ȴֱұĹҪŻ˲٣ȥҵ·ϣʹԪ׵ĿʳⷽĹأŻݵĹһԭҵĸӹϵӵǶ
֮ǰҵĳϡϵɫ̫ÿҾŴģЩϵӵܺ͸ӹǴͬĹ֮£ǵ棬ܵʧ
ҲûǻᣬϾǵʵҪϵӵܺ͸ӹҪߣù׶Ҳֻ࣬ҪŬΪҰ£δؾͱ֮ǰ
ԭϵӵܴѹϵӵܵĴͬҲǷֶֻΣ٣ԭϵӵܺ͸ӹڴ˿Ǹе˼뷽ҵĺôģǽҪ췴ʲôŵȺ˵治ַʱǶŸɵģЩϵӵ˰ɡ
ֶΡ
ҹŴĴָ佱ҵսʵ÷ҵʵһأһɴһɵַȻԵЩԣѾȷʵá
⿿ֶҲСߴկˣڵĺԺԣ̶ȣԶԶĳԭĵطһֵԺʱĲøɣֱǣһʱ֮󣬵ϵӵܺϵӵܵʵܱЩӹǵļҴķѾԪ׵ĿʳˣսȷʵЧǵķԶԶҸǵѧԺķǵĽٶȣҪǿʮ
ֺ˵ͷǿȡ֮ǲֻһˣǵʵܹõѹסǡ
ҵĸֻ϶ҴˣûһµʱҲָʱڣҵϵӵܽܿ죬ĳ̶ֳ֮ԭʵԱȣȥĵӳԽȥĳҲûпܣʱ˵ҲҪԼʵȹԼĵλ˰ɣ
ֺƺͬʱͷǷҵĺĸ߲㡣
Ūһٶ鱦ֺ֮⣬õģĶַȥҲܹǵһЩʵ
үӣǵȥϬ򱨱һ¡Ԫ׺ȥ˵ѾϲˣҪ͢ǵļפصȡҵĵλҼ棬Ҫͨͻøˡ
Цŵͷɴ½ϲûοڶҲǹҺ˵ģܹԼ齨壬ҲǶ൱⿴顣
ˣµĺԺҿٳµļҩ˲Ҫ׵ȥ⼸ƬطʽΪһҪء
˼֮󣬷һͬŬɣǵļ壬ǰ;Զء
ʱһһĹȥңҲʼ𲽵˹ԭҵϵӺ͸ӹǿʼӦԼһϰ飬ϾĴǰҪöˣ˳ԣĻǵĽǳĿ죬һʱ֮䣬Ҳûм˻ǹǰҡ
Ԫ׵ǿʼˣΪȾͶˣԪױ㹻ʵҪˣһڣƴҪԼʵøǿһ㣬ϾʵԶԶĳûһƴ֮֮˵Ҫж֡
ͷˣʱȻû֣Ʒ˸߳ô࣬ûпɱ֣ҲȺҵľӢأǷפԣҲž޴ĺôǵƣҲһһȬš
һһεҵһһε׳Լ
ʱ䣬ôһһĹȥˣҿʼֳٵľ


145 ȥ
ˮΪ֮ȻᣬһˮôһˮˣһˮŰأһˮܻһ顣ˮϵ֮󣬱ѹʱ򣬳ڣǰ
ŷĻеֺ۾ŷԴԴϵĵҩ壬Ũҵϴˢ壬ֺ÷ǳĿ죬ڷϵָ֮£ѾɹĴһƷʿͻƵ˶ƷΪһڲϵĽţڶ̶µʱֱӽԼΪƵ˶Ʒ۷壡
ΪҵĸǲŸոȬûܹ´ԼֵıֺѾܹȵѹס֮еҸ֣ҲǳԪףҲֻں֮䡣
˵һ֮⣬ӹǿʼ׷׳ѰҩġʯʵɱޣȻͨϵĲȥҹٸһʯЩܹһ׶ȵģͨ׶ȣҵĸӹǻ˼ʸ񣬲ǲ֪ǣҵϵ͵ϵӵܣĻҪõöࡣ
ڵϵϵӵܵʵǿԷŪʲôĻƳȵԭķҴ޼Ҵ廹կӵǳɳ֮ЩΪҷĸӹǣȻܹĽϵӵܡ
ȫ̽ҵԴҲ÷ҵһԾ棬Ϊһʷƾõļ壬вԭĸӹⷽ涼൱裬ӵ㹻ĲϹӦ֮ǺͷԭʦҩʦһͬɹƳ˲ٵ鱦ԼЧĵҩ
һС£ܹӵԼҲǷǷܹȡңΪһʽĹؼ
µʱָ֮⣬ڲϵĴ鶴зųʼÿ취þϵһСĿռȴഥҲ൱кôģȻûнƷȻڷʹú˽⣬˸ᡣ
бΪžŹһķȫǾ޷չǰģܹƶǿľϵһСռﻥţǷͽж
ʱһһĹȥԭҵʿҲʼڷҵĺôˡȻÿ¶Ҫʮ컹еģȻȴܹ㹻Ļر׶ȿԣķפʮ죬Чǰҵפ£Լıʲôȱ©ֱù׶һǰҪȥлʿȥףһ鷳ǳԿ
ܶǰҵĸӹϵӵܣǵһθܵһӻ֮µĺô
ԼĹףȻлرԼĹ׻ü׳׳ļҲܹõĻԼ
ڷϽĹǰңǸֹ
ĸӹϵӵܿʼƫ˷ңǰЩ߸ϵļϺ͵ϵӵǡڲǺһʲô˲ģ
Ǵ֪ϵ͵ϵӵܣĺԺḻõĽʱǵûоǷ˱ˣǺˡ
ҪǵʱֱͶ뷽ңڵĵλҲӦø߰ɣҴ˾Ͳ˵ˣǱϾǷĵط˳ΪϵӵӦõģͷҴݹկˣͬǵϵӵܣͷҴ໥ͻ޼ҴˣҲϵӵܣ͵ϵӵҲ̫࣡
뷨󲿷ҵʿӦñֺһ㣬ȡԺĻᣬǸ췴Ҳɡ˵췴ܲܳɹɹˣʲôôʱǲҲǸӹѵڹøã
ֹһ£ĵϵУֺ֮⣬ֳ˼Ʒʿ
Ϊ˵ڶƷʿ֮⣬կĸҲ׷׵ͻƣϾǱʵͲҲ׳֮꣬ǰ鶴ڴ˵ӣڷָ;һҲΪƷʿ
ҴˣҲʼ𽥳ڵʿˡмв֮ǰѾΪ˺۷ĺ֣ھһʱ֮󣬷׷׵ͻƵ죬൱Ĳ٣ǧˣԭʵǿկˣͬҲһǧڵĺ֡
ʱ鱦ǧڵʿҲһɲС
ҶǵȻ϶ȬˣǱȴû´Ĳ˵ҪӼжһ㹻ĿʯҪĹ׶ȣʱҲǺģϲԭϵӵܺ͸ӹȺҪһЩʲôҲôס
£ּһҪˣʱ뿪һ¡
׼ȥһѧԺΪһ£ʱһһȺҵʿǰæʱҵҲʱڣλҲҪŬУ;ԺʱɷֺƺΪ֣ܸͣ˸Թλ̿СǰԺԪ׸ҲڵʱҲϣκεĲгĵط𣿡
ͬʱȻӦŵĵ˵ͷȻķļ
ʲô飬ƣһٶȸϻסǵפȻѣǶ˵ֻҪʱ䣬ٽһõפأҲѣֻˣҪġʲôҪǲĻڵֵס£סΪһλģ˿𣿡
ĵ˵ͷĻףһƬطļ磬ҲۿһһεĽģʲôҪԷҵפزƴԼҲҪ赲ס
һ·ļȻͷϵ츳ܺãôʱ仹ͣͨ쾳Ϊ޷ͻһϣͻƵһƷȻҳϣͷԣ˵ǳҪ
ڷİοģ鱦УвרŷģǷ֪ģϴŵļԵķԵֵƷʿһĻ壬ΣɥļʣҲ½ࡣ
ǰԺЩˡһΣգΣԲ󣬱̲ĹУҾ󲿷ǵõ˺ôģܵʧģֻʮϣʧȥҲ棬ǵλϾǰǸ߸ϵĳϣڱͨĸӹ϶᲻ġ
ȻҲûõģԪսļһѾ˷ͷȮΪܹٳɹһҪɵΪѾǶƷ۷ʿԪףڹؼʱҲܹһõġ
һƵ֣ȷʵҲ㲻ʲô侲һ䣬׵ɱԼˣյʵǺѶҡҵĸģֻҪܹʲô޷ıƣôҡ̩ɽ
οԼ˵һ¾ͻһȺڵĸ£ˣпбͷ
ȥһѧԺҪһǣԼѾ齨µļ壬һҪȥԺӷӪһֳˡ
˵СнȺѣܹԼļĻӵһϵоӢֲ㣬һĺ֣дĸָʵȴɫ˲ţļ壬Ż㹻
ļ徺ҲٲȺѵĶ֧֣ҲǷҪǣϾһ齨һ壬λ㹻ߵĻȥлǵطϵι˵ãϾһЩ
뿪ѧԺԺʮһ֮󣬷صѧԺ


146 
нˣڲʮɣʮƷʿȻ˵ǿǰȴҲǷǳˡ
֮һ͵ĿŷЦϴμʱƷΪҸĺɽǸϼһ˵ʱţҿҪúóЦһҵĵһ뿪Ľڣ弶ҿĶ飡
Ȼ֪⣬µʱҲûдȻͻȻģֻлᳰЦһĺɽˣ˵Ƿǳġ
ԺżءʵġЦ
ʲô˵˵
ֱӾͰѷǰȻô˵ҲѧԺĳԱʲô˵ܽģҾ
ҡ齨һ塣
Ȼסˡ
壿С泤ˡܴôиҪԴʲôģҪ齨һ壬ɲô׵鰡
׼ϲıʾ鲻ҪøԶҪ͵סįĵʱ򣬷Ǻܲ˼˵һ䣺ҵļڷԲԣˡ
˺ûһͷȥ
Ȼϸ˵Լ齨֮ǷҴǧˣկǧˣںͺ㽻ֵʱո޼ҴһˣټҵһˣڷܹˣƷʿһǧڵʿǧˣѾһΪ׵ˡ
СڵеΣյİվѵĵ
֪һǧƷʿмȴоųɾǸӹǿ֮ƣȡ֮ҲŻ˵Ҫ뿪һ£ûʲô췴
㻹вǣ˵˷һۣ˵һ֮ϰٸڵʿȥҵҪ췴Ҳˡ
һǵȻҡ΢΢ЦΪԼԮأΪԼҵ˿ɽأ
СӣôͲѧá˳ĬһᣬȻǰ׵ˡ
ԺˣҵһЩҪҪҰҿɲϣһȥʱ򿴵ҵĵϵܵ˺Ҫ˳ոǣǰȫɱ⣬ȻˡЦ
ʲôҪ˵˵˵˵ͷ
Ҫõ鱦ҵĵϵ棬ͨ쾳Ϊʿ٣ǺһƷʿʵҲ̫࣬кõ鱦ϵĻսܶġ
һҪҩѧԺڲĵҩͨЧҪɣˣǸжģ׽ϴ赤ܹЧĿϵҪܶࡣ
СӣҪܶడٶȳĬһ
֪ҪЩ࡭
ʲôЩֱ࣬ǹ˺׽ϴ赤ˣֻǱ䣬Ҹڴ˵һ£Ӧûжģǿϵ鱦սʣңҲȨģһӦЩջĵ
֪ҲҪǴѧԺЦ
СͱЦˣʲôö
⻰ո˵һ룬סˣ˷
µûЦ
һС㡭ص³һ
뵽ģȻǷԭںӴԴϾþˮķȡԴȻޱȵıܣΪѧԺԺ֮һľƷʿȻǺģȻֻռΧһɣȻӵеԴȴҲķ֮һôӴԴֻзܹãȻܹĶ
ЩԴҲ쳣εģȻѧԺףҲ֤ûͷϾЩܹһٶװһ֧ʿԴǺΧ׵ĻܹõĻر
Ϣһ죬ҪԺһ¡˶Է
û⡣˵ͷ鵱ȻҪһ£ѧԺȻԶҵĺǳĽܣ飬ҲҪͨһҵġ
һҪһЦ
ʲô
ʽί״΢Ц
㵹аաУ¶϶û⣬ҶܸƱؿڡ
·˵ľ֮дȥѰа顣
ںͶҽд֮󣬼ֱİ壬ͬ˽׵Ҫ󣬱ϾյĲԴ൱ĸ߶ˣԴܶһͶһƣĽǿ鱦Ϳϵ⣬ù
ڷҪʽί״ҴӦøʹ졪ұʵһ㣬ɺ׽ķ齨ĸǿļ壬Ҳ˶ʵһ˳ˮ飬ʲôġ
ҪãҺܿɳʹߣɿȥ˷Ϭ򣬴ӵֱ˷ҵıЧת֮£Ѿʽȡҵλã˶Сͼ塣
ί״ڶ̶ʱڣΪ˳Ĺٷ壬ǵصĹٸҲܹǹϽ̫ࡣ
ȵ̸п֮󣬷һûԼѧԺѧԱԾԣԴֵϴ粽ãõֵĸϵʯһǧ鱦һܹЧĿϵ׽ϴ赤˸ɫҩ鱦ͼֽ
Сӣҷ⣬ҲһѺ֡һҲռ
ڽϵʱ̲ס̾Ϣһ
ʮĴ˻û˵ԺˣҺѧԺôļҵռСʿıˣҲ̫ɥĲ˰ɣ㿴Ҿôһҵڼ˶ָҳԷأһ֧ôһ壬𣿸οôҵļ廢ģôһ壬ҿһ޴أ
壬ɲ֣һʿ˸˵ʵ֮⣬ͬҲҪһʿܹеõ޴ĺôȻҲҪĸһֱܿ㣬ΪŰһеԸ񣬻żͲε־һû̫ķ˵ģһеʿžƷ۷ΪڹҡѧԺӴǰҲԵ÷ǳĴȷʵһ޴Ҳǰһ˶ȥĶȥĶҲס㣬Ȼˣû齨ʱǣͬ磬ҲͬΪ
ɫ
ҲȥϷʵı飬ͷǵģ˵ûұϾǴʯͷĳģǣҡҴ˶ҵˣҵĳҵֵܣ˶ԸңԸǵһ׵飬бǵΣ齨壬Ϊṩõڸķʽ׼鱦͸ֵҩϣܹŸԱΪҶǡ
ľҺܸˡ
˹ЦڻҪǣۣǵǳɳʱ֪ǻĺôģĸһ죬ջ񵽷棡
Ҳһ㡣Ц֮ǰһõıǵģ
ô׼Ҫ𣿡ʵȥ㷽Ӫˣ
ʱӦڲǽɡҾͲȥˣܿģҲġҡҡͷðųϢ˵ľչأ׼Ʒ硣
û⡣ˬĵ˵ͷ
ɽķڻʲôı仯أ


147 ı
뿪֮ڱϿûʲô仯ɲϵ͵ϵӵڼƴţӹ׬ȡŹ׶ȡֻ뿪һ¶ѣһµʱ䣬ǹ÷ǳĿġ
Ȼƽ£Űӿ
ҵǰһ᲻ʲôⰡڷǰֹš
ܲפţ׳¡Աߵֺ̾Ϣһˣϵӵںҵʱ򣬱˵̫࣬Ǽ˿غ飬һ˵Ķ˵ǻ¡
һۣЦû£ⷴʿ飬а˴屳ĿضǼˣҲûǵļʲôܹõҵء
Ҳͷ
ֺٲ治֪ٲ֪ЩϵӵȻνǾȺһ֪Ϣ֮ᶯʲôԽǵʵҪǿ췴ֻΪ¼ͬѧǻɵǣ֪ͺпܳΪǵĿɽĻ˵ͻ
Цִ󵱼ңú͸
ֺһֲçȻЩ˵̬ǿѹƵʱȻƣϣϴģðյĵӵġ
ο˵ΪҵĸӹҲȳΪһ˼ĸӹõö࣡
ִ󵱼ңǻҪ˲ԵǣڿǺһء
ǰʲô£ָǡֺһǶƷ۷ʿҲǺԺĵһ֣ͷڶֻͨ쾳Ϊʲô£ÿ
ȣִ󵱼ңȥĶ
ȥֺӲ֣Ȼת뿪˷ķ䡣
һۣȻЦ
졭ȷʵһЩ˼
޼ҴΪϵӵܣҵ˽΢һ㣬Ǹŷʱ䲻̫࣬ۼѺ˵ҲΪϰߵ̸ʡ
ҵ˺ܿҲ֪˷Ĺ¼ԭʹڵײҸӹϵӵ˵̸ǸľóΪҵĸӹʲô¡ھѾбǰõöĴˣҽĵλߵĻǵĴǸá
ȻĻ˵ĶУǵ˼ͿʼûˡȻͺԹ
ʲôˣҵүʲô˴֮һ
𿴷ҵ˰ѷ˵ôţʲô˵ĸͽ㹫ɣѡЩ˵˶ģʲôûУӴǱĻڵķ뿪֮һƷʿҲˣ
ʱĽҲ˷ʵҲһտӣûзĻԭʵϴӣһи֣ܺɨŸոմƽתϵ͵ϵӵˣ
һУǽڷһϵģֻҪڣͻɢ
Էʵһ뷨ûУһȺƷʿһƷʿһƷʿа壿ûʱһ֣ͽҶˣ
ȻܹͺǣߵĻǾͲһ˰ɣ
ÿ¶ʮĳ˹ͨĻᡣ
𿤵һƼڣС̫ҵʵЩνĵϵӵǿĶˣȴֻܵõӹĴʶ˲ëͷСӣΪҵ֮
һھƣûгˣһҲԵҵȲԥѾŵˣ֮ὫƬʹ͸ǣֻҪԺĿʯҩеһֽҾˡǲפصģǴҲ֮ãгġ
ǵģһֱȱɽͨºͺҳ˹ϵôǽķչǰҲضӵã飬˵ҼȰ
ͷ˼ڷµһӹǾԲԸģȻڵ֮ǰʱҪãڲиõ𣿺Ը֣ǵҵĸӹһĶֵϣǰ
ĳϺ͵ӡ̧ͷ
˿ڣӵ󲿷ֳϺ͵ϵӣмΨԪǸͽҲûȥϵ
ߵǸͽʱضҪɵûЩѵҲûͷģضڼ£ʱֺһˣҵЩӹҲҵء
˵ͷ˼ԥˣõĻᣬ󲿷ӵмҵĵϵϵûܹӵ㹻ʵϷ뿪õĻᣡȵһº󣬷ͬѧǻҾͱض̩ɽοȵί״Ҳû˲ֵأ
ǵģǷź˵ݻҵϲ˾Ϳ˳Ƶüеĸǰӹܣʱ·նɱҲͳûˡѧԺҺû˷һˣҲû˵ҵȵĲǣʱкΪɽǿ鱦شĺôͼ壬һⶼûУΪҵ֮ҳȴĵ
ĳϵȰ˵¶˾ġ
ãϵˣ׼ȥҵʱҪκεĻᣡ
һϣĵ
ǣҺͬʱϲüңӦŵ
ļʱ쿪ʼĴӴЩΪɿĵϵӵܺͳϡΪǰҵļȻЩǸɿģҪ˵Ҳǲģ֮£ʮϵӵܺͬʱӦҪ׼ʮ֮صҽɲϵʱ򷢶
Ϊ̫ɿӵܣûоϾҲҪ̫ˣֻҪ㹻ȵĳԶֺЩҵԪȺѵ㹻ˡ
ԪױϾŲʮǰҵĵϵӵܶѣԸԪףѾ׼ǾǱϺԪѣȴʵһӵһƷΪĵϵӵԪᡣ
ԪǷȮһӣԪ׹ƻûŪʲô飬ͻᱻɱɣ
ͬʿһ޷⵽˴ɱôĻᣬǳС
졢ҡˣĸϣʮɿĵϵӵܣȻû˳ֵıǵıʵҪҴɱֺһƷΪʿͨ쾳ʿĸһƷΪʿ׾ٵġ
ڵĸ߲棬Ҫɱľˡ
ֺڵĵһ֣ʵʵָߣԪףҸӹȮѾ̵ܱͽ
ҪͬʱôұضȺףûʲôƺȼͬڷû̫ߵպϣƾһˣҲ޷֯𷽼ҵķ
ҲϢ
ڻѧԺ˵˵ľǱޣ׼ͻƵƷΪǺûᣬҵôƷΪҲ᲻ʲôв
һ仰˶裺ǺѾһңڵĳ˴˴ʱԸ
ȻĻ컹ʲôµģ
жʱ䣬µĶʮţжĴţһ֡
򡱣
ͷ­նж


148 
Ԫᣬò˵һ塭ǰͶǻŴġôǰϼһҲֻܹÿǰԺʮ죬أʮ죡ȥò˶ãֵܾܳԽˣʱٱֺһ㣬ǰң˵ͻύʱ㵱ҵĸֵ֣һ
Ԫһ߹žƣһߴЦŶԪ
Ԫʮһ꣬ǰʱոͻƵƷΪΪϵӵֻܵһƷʵģԪ׹ϵһ򲻴ұ̲֮Ԫ׾ΪԼĸ֣һȺΪĵϵӵܺϵӵܣһ˷ͥ
˵ǡԪЦҪǼǶ죬ҲôΪƷĸ֣ǰôõЩǸռȥˡ
ûǰΪʲô뵱ΪõԴҪడǵļô鱦ЧҲãأǷģżһɣ֤ǰǰ;
ԪͬԼԪ׹Цһ̳ӺԪһ£ɣ
Ԫͬͷƣ۾ȴһֱڶԪס
ǸӹǻӣԪһϵ˵ǶѾʼԼˡǵŴÿܹõ죬ҲԽԽԭҵϵӵܺ͸ӹǿʼͶԪ׵¡
ۿԼǰļѹƵģԪãϵĺԪƴžơ
ܿģԪ׾ͺȵ࣬ԪᵹƺѣĵӳȥԪװᵽ˴ϡ
ԪᡭúøɣԺӺءԪԺ˵
ţ磬֪
ԪǱذ콻ģӺŪ鱦ȻԼı֣ȴҲˡ
ţذʼȣԪᾲĵȴţȴź
ֺںδǰԺ֮ǰʵ
ǴϢں«ǰȥɲϣֺں«ĸάִͷڷߡ
ͬش
޼ҴͷҴԭַһ«״ǰ޼ҴĴڣͱ˳Ϊ«ڣӽ֮˳ΪǺ«
һǽɲϵӣȻԵ֣ĸӹϻڷԼĹ׶ȣȻǣһֱо裬ں«ڵһ棬ÿֻһܹȥ߱һĵӸ޷ԷʲôΣա
ǰԺֺһȺƷʿάΰ׼˵ҲûκεĲ׵ĵط
Ȼ˱ϾԼƵģǵʵҪȷԭ˸ǿǻᣡ
Ȼֻһͨ쾳ʿϿмܺõķģȺֻ潻û
ǿðǰȥһһƷķ޷ֵмκһ˵Ĵɱȥɡӧ
˵ͷⱾеļƻôĵӣÿǵһ£һϢðһһƷӣҲǺܼ򵥵顣
ǴĳȥֺｻҲһԡ
ΨһǵĵģԪ׵ЩϵԪһЩƷΪĵϵӸߣԪ׽ЩƷΪĵӱֺˣʵռţһʱҲòֺˡ
ҿԪԵڡ
ԪᴫϢˣѾԪףǳǰɵԪףȻԪ׵±ֺǳֵʱֹЩӱֺǵġ
ܺãԪᷢȥϢڿԶˡҳϣȥݣҪͬʱһʱͽҵĸ߲ȫնɱ
ǣ
ǰԺǧӹȫ룬һȺǰϺ͵ϵӵվţ׼ȥֺƺλｻϣͨź˶飬һĽ«ͷн
쿴ҼðĵӣѾŶӵĶˣܿľҪǼӡ
ĬĬţǽһյʱ֮󷢶Ƿ֮󣬺˵ľӣͽƽѵǰ
˿̣⡣
ˣϢǷ׼ȷһƷξüͷվ˺ǰʵôĵӣȻܹ̲ңëڿɲ˰
ɫЩ԰ףȻǷʱɵƻûȬȻ϶ĵͷҼѪҲˡȺëм֣̲ңһɣ˵ħİ׮Ȼһ齨ļ壬ʲô̲һٷ壡
˵ǡħ֣ξҲ¶֮ɫһ֧˵ľӣȫն䱸ģħĻҲĺɨǡ
׼ǰҴ壡ξתһ𿤣Ҫΰ֮⣬ۼһӣ֮¿ʼǰµһǧʿҲͬʱ
㿴˿ɫٷӶƷʿɵģҪصǺܿģϣܹסƣĻԼлһЩ֤ݰ
ƺƵʿ˷פأ㷽ڷפأҲᱻ׵ƽأ
ͬʱ쿴Ԫᡣ
ƽվֺ߲Զһ֣ܹϮֺ
ԪᲢûп죬ǿķ򣬲ȴ΢ɲĵһͷ
ȻʾԪѾԪ¡
һЦȻҺϣԼʮҵĵϵӵܣ˹ȥ
ֺ̧ͷͬʱʮԪ׵ǰϵӵҲʼƶŲֺǰ
óһ·ֻһܹͨǽеģ²ζ˵
ƽʱ춼Ǵȥֺһ׶ȵģ죬ȴǳƽҲôһˡ
֮ͨƺկĵ󣬽ΧԪƶŲͬƽʱҲһ
ȴֵֺʱԪҲסƺĸңΧģǰҵӵܣΨԪԪհԪƺǳ֣ǾͿ϶֡
һɱֺͬʱ˻ɱԪɱƺǡֻҪЩ˱ɵôڵķңͻȺף
ֺڳ棬죬ûһˣȻȴôְΧţֻҪ춯ܹɱֺԵ÷ǳڡ
£ĳջ񲻴ع׶ȼҲܽĳҼĿʯˡ
Цݿĵֺһɵľ룬Ҳǹ涨ľ롣
һ˵һ߽˻УֺƺĻסע΢΢̽ǰƺҪһʱ俴쵽óʲôһ
֣ĳ˳һӺŪ취
ȵĻ棬ڽȻ֣Ծ𣬾Ҫ˲Խһɵľ룬ֺɱ
Ծʱгʵ֪ԪˣԼ赲סˣ
Ҫģֻǽֺһɱ
ȻֺһոͻƵƷʿƷ۷ʿֻҪһֺ֣͵ϣ
ҪȥʱĺģͻȻһ
ԪĶذûıͬʱƺ׼ƺ˵ıҲ䵽ıϣ
ǰոջЩʧֺгһ˴ǹǹɶֻһ֣ǹͷûĸ
һɲǣԺֻһͷϵˣ


149 ƽ
׼߽ڵķڵʱûиеʲôŵģǸе˷ܡ
һͨ쾳Ϊһո̤һƷ⼸Էҵĸ߲ǶѾ˽úˣҳ˷֮⣬ʿʵһ㣬ʱƺ÷ɿ죬ҲûгʲôǼɵĸ֡
ûдʲô鱦Ϊǲ֪Ǽʲô֮Ϊʲôں͸ӹӵܽӴʱҪǼ϶ʲôķԼʲô鱦ĻҲᱻ֡
ߣƷ۷Ϊһ־ܹɱһ
˳ŵ߽˷İ칫õء
ȷʵֻˣһ棬վһ࣬Ÿӹǽķ
ͷҲ̧ʵ
˱һϵӵ֣ϵӻûǰҲƶʶˡ
Ŷͷڻϲʱ˫ҫһƬ⣬Ȼͳŷȥ
ȫһƷ۷ʿȫһԴݻٷԲһڵڣӴһϣֻҪһ£ͱضʬǶʣ
޷Ӧ˫ƣͬʱ˷ͷ
˵ɫһɲǴ䡣
;뷽ͷôߵӣ˫ƣȴһӴסˣ̶һ㣬ã˲á
ðһǿҵĻƹ⣬ڻƹ֮£̧ͷ¶һЦݡ
˳ϣʱҾЩϣǺ޼ʶһͨϵӵܡ
˶ͷð˺飬Ѿþȫȴ޷̺ĪҲ޷ͳȥ
ˣ޷ǹɻƹ⣬Ѿ˶ֻֻܿȴ޷һСָͷ
Ϊʲô㶯ܶ
ؿڹŵһöССţǣöţһֱڷؿڣȥֻһССƷѣȻʱȴССƷðޱǿĻƹ⣬˶м䣬˿޷
öţأʶһ͸ҵġŶǸѣˣ׼ȷ˵޽ɵһ֣֪˵ûУ
ȻܶȻеľ֮ȴ˲г֣ƷܹңʿԿĴڣΪʲôһͨ쾳ϼһһĴڣһѣ
ûеõ𰸣ΪѾ󲽵ոƳĴһӣͽ˵ͷ­ն˳ȥ˵Ľ𵤣Ҳڻƹѹ֮£˷飡
һȻջöţǡ
үӣöţǾȻôЩĽĵ
Цҵʱ˵ֻҪţǳڵʿҲ˵ңҲҴ߶ʲôģȻܻ壬Ϊʱ򣬴ԭıءĵ
ҲӦ÷˰ɣҲԳˡ
˵ͷԷ϶ͬʱģֻһҰĵĲᱻ
ͷ߳Ǽӵʱʱ
һƷʿĸһƷʿͬʱ֣ǰһƷʿĳ֣ޱص˺
ϾƷ۷ʿȻûԼıȴɲܹɱġ
һŭһתֺĵڶǹ˳ȥתʱһǿҵԪӿͨǱذӿԪڣ
ԪѪˣǱ鱦ѾֱӶϳأıÿѪӿ
Ԫ˵ͬʱһɱ
µҵϵӵܣͬʱ⧲ǳ֣ǰҳϣ
Լʣĸϣֱ͵Ϯ˵ľɫ֪ԼķѾȫʧˣ
ȻԷѾ׼ô
ڿе죬˴߳ķͷл˵ͷ­Ԫ׵ĳΧţ᧿Σĵĵڱɱķӵܴ˷Χټ鱦ţÿһ⧲˾޴ɱˡ
ǰֺųǹٶɱ˹
ܴ죬ֺʮغϣ˼˿ڣȻ˿ҲǱսƴŰֺһҲֺҪתսУ
ҪԼĺӵܴߣصĴУŻһ˿Ļᣡ
ȻȻҵ׼Ͳ뿪
ֺո˿ոתͿһ
Ԫӡ
ԪױѾǶƷ۷ʿϮˡƴ˱ֺʱѾ˺ܾõԪף
ԪǴԼ͵͵Ƴģһֱûг֣Ҫץסᡣ
ոתһĳѾʺ
ֺ̣ĳǹͱ˹ľ
Ԫ׳һתͷ­Ϸȥ
˶ˣԪһնɱ졣
߲ɱ
ĺǰԺĸãȻĿһĻͣ֡
ܿģԪ׵ӵѾסһѵֺĳһȻԪ׵飬㿴Ű졣
Ԫ׵˵ͷڻɱ죬Ѿûκε·ˣЩˣҲͬ
֪ǷҪͶ״
͵նɱһ
ĵϵĺ
Ѫǻġ
졢ϣʮϵӵܣѾûһ˻ţǷնɱ֮⣬ˣԪһϵϣնɱ˾Ҳûκε·ߡ
Ԫ״ͷеʣӵܶһεıʾ˶Էҵķӡ
˸̨վŵֺ
λǵı֣֤ˣԳΪǵһ֡ѵѾȫǵǾȡУչǵҳϣԴӽ쿪ʼÿ£ǵʱӵʮ죬ֻҪܹṩǰһĹ׶ȣ꿪ʼֻҪ׶ȴﵽһĳ̶ȣǾлΪϵӵܣӦõõģڣǴɨս׼ʱҪ֮ǰκ˽Ƿҵפأ𣿡
ˣҵӵܿʼȻ˺ܶѪȻ˵ܹʱ䣬ǿʼоԪףڷҵӹкôģοͶѵһһնɱ㻹ĻҲԲұ
Ԫᣬúܺá
˸̨ԪļԪ˵ͷȷѡ
λϣҲúܲҪ֪ңûкôģǱҲΪǵʱԪŸĽ飬ǵĸ׷ѡ
ԭҵӵܣڻʣһǧˣΪ˲ԪԪᣬֱһǰ˸ϵӵһĴҪ׶ȣֻҪǵ¾ˣúãйòãְûУ
ϺԪͬʱӦŵԪ׵ɫ΢ЩѿڸӹһΪˣҪ齨ԼĿҲǴıˡ
ȻԪҲնɱ죬Ѿ޷ˣô˵ͦߵģڽҷΪ˹УҲΪ˱
˸ͬʱͷֺһۣͬʱ¶Цݡ
׼ϳǣѷãֺȵ


150 
㿴˿Χߵһǧˣе£ؾΪأӻǵͨξѧԺĶξƽģֱӹҹϽκҲ޷
ţֻҪǽе˳Ϳƽѣȵɨ˷ҵξľӾͿ뿪ˣԼΪһָԪҲǺ
ʱ򣬷·ȷʱһٲʱʺӿ۵ͷϣ㹫ҲûΪһ˵
ϾҪռһ˷̵ˣҲģ飬ٷ֡
һ·˼ţһ·Ŵ˷פأξԶԶĿһۣȻһ
Ȼ⣡ɸߵĳǽǹٷСͼ޽ģ֮Ǿôƽ˴
뿪֮ǰôԭһɸߵĳǽߵɸߡ
°ϲͷȷʵˣ̫Ϊ˵ֻ÷ǷֶҵҸǺʽĹ֮ǰҲûʸ޽ĳǽģҴ˵ģ˵ĺħʲôϵ
ξԺ㹰˹֣ش˵ǡ֪ںδǻҪһǡ
ͷȻȻġ˵뿪ˣµµʵǿڣӦܹס˰ɡ
˵⻰ͶԼһʾһ£ӵͷ˴ǰ棬ڵĳǽ
ڣش붼ξѾŴǰˣ
˻Ӧξɫһ䣬ıҲʼԾ
ѵб䣿
ڶξ̧֣׼ǵʱ򣬳ǽϣͻȻƹ
˳ͷȻ˹ֵشˣξˣ֪λкʱ
Ǻˣξָ˷һָ
С϶ǰǷҴĴ峤˴ǷҴĵؽ磬С϶ڴ˴ҲİɡЦŻش
Ҽǵ㣬̤֮ǷҴĵؽɣЦ
شˣҴ޼ҴѾʽϲµļ壬Իңǰ޼ҴĴ峤ҲѾڷϬб˷ߵ
ξ˵ͷҶϵá
µļ壬޽ɸߵĳǽ𣿽һ֮֪˲ټӦѾķö˶˵ǽͷ˵ķѾʧˣ
شˡ
ڳ¥֣Ԫףұʸ޽ɸߵĳǽ뷽ҺϲҲѾԭפصĳǽµפ޽ɸߵĳǽкβɣǼӢţԸ뷽ңȫµפءǲû
ҧأ˷ɹƾ֮ҲòŴξһˣʵ֤ģڣܷʧˣҪǣξǲԼǲġ
ξǵ˵ͷǸᣬϾ峤ʶԪһӵҲʶͬʱ棬νġɧŵط̲塱Ȼûˡ
ʿҲʲôշõ˵͵ǴҳԱ˷ûɢɢģԶξ˺һۣ˼˵㽫Ҫˣ
ȻξԳ¥Ϲ˹֣׼ԣȴһ
شˣΪΣξ˿ɫҲ̫ÿˡԵ޹ΧԷĴӣⱾפ˵ܽ飬ôǾ壿
ξˣҿթӼת
թξü
㿴Ҵ޼Ҵ壬ԭͨĴӣԼ齨壿ɵһ齨ôļ룿ɵҲ㣬Ҵ޼ҴͨĴӣΪܹڶʱ޽ôߵĳǽɵȻС壬ǵļפҲԳԣĵطȷҴͨĴҪŨöˣȴԶ˴޽µפأϧѾļפأɵġҼڣΪԪ׳棿ɵ塣
ڲȷʵãһһĽɵ˵ξüͷԽԽ
ԣȷ֮ǰжϣǾǣ⼸ˣѾĳǿħ޿סˣħ޵֧Ԯǲ齨壬̲ң޽ĳǽŻὫפطǱҵפأȼԲ֣Ѿħ޵Ķ֣
شˣƶƾ޾ݣôܹƳǳأɲҵӦ飡ξü
˽ȥѲ飬³Ϊôķξˣǿɲܹ׵ķŹ
ֻҪ˽ȥѲ飬ضᷢ˱Ƶʱ򣬾㶼ξţҲѾħ޿ˣһȮ
ξ˵ͷĻ˵ҲǷǳĺôɵ㣬͵ýȥѲһûʲô⣬ôẦѲأ
ƺһͷƤ΢Цſų¥ϡ
Ԫףڣξ
Ԫһ£ȻŻشȾδ£ݴ֮λ
ξЦƷʿȻȾǱξ͵ȥһˣ򿪳ţξӪȥ̽һ죡
¥ϵļˣһʱ֮ɫʼѿ
˽Ѳ飿ǰԺѪɺӣѵǵʬ׻ûɾΪ׵˶Ѿҵˣô뷽ҡ˵ǣҲͲˡ
ż˵ٶ඼ǰ׵ģȻƽϢңȻڹٷѹûе涫óξҲ׵ȥ
Ц˫Ӧóͻ˰ɣֻҪͻʼξҲûƿ棬ңӽ쿪ʼҪӶĹĨȥ
̬ٷչȥֻĽڵʵס֧פһ
ڶξ֧֧˵Խſħںƣ׼ôǵʱһӰ˳ǽ֮⡣
ֲµӰʱ򣬳¥ϵˣһ
Ǻˣ
ξ˾֮ģǰͻأĳڴǰԼûв֮ǰĶʵҲǺԼƽġ
ߵͬʱŶξ£˹ʿݣµľ˴ɱ
ɢ޷ڴˡԶξһף¶һĶŵ΢Ц
ξһ¡
ǵģ·ҲǷҵļǰ뿪ù֪ξʾǰΪ£Ц
¶ξЩͷˣʲôأ֮ǰѾһһ⣬ħʲôģҲֻǲ²⡭
ǰһȻ˻ǰľʿǿʼ
ȻͳģȴǶҵί״
˴η뿪ȥȡί״ί״Ӧ֤ҼפǺϷİɡ
¾һξǰȥͳί״ݽ˶ξξһᣬȻԷͷǱξðʧˡΪξ𣬽ǵö׽ǡ
лξ½⣬ҽʲô飬Ҳ鷳ξˡ
ξٲϻί״˷֮ͻһ֣ߣ
ܿһ˸ɸɾֻʣ˺ǧ£ԭվţ֪롣


151 ǵĿ
ʵʮǰѾص𿤡
Լ뿪ðģЩĻ־ļһԼվʱ뿪ǸõĻᡣ
Ψһֵ뿪ƶϵлңĲ롭һУǾĻᡣ
ʮǰѾȻĻˣϵ˷ֺЩܹŵˣһ棬͵Ļر֪ģȻҲĵ뿪رܹɱ붼ңڵĸˣĸ֣뿪뿪ʲô
Ԫᡭģƽʱ۵ӵܣҵ˷ʵԪԵ׵Ļᡪܴ֪Լݣʱչֳܹ档
ƽҪһӣµѵ϶Ԫ׵µֵסģһۣҪҲʼԪף˷˵Ρ
ʲôǸܴѹ֮鱨ṩģλǵϵĳ֮󣬲û÷֣˳ƽ˵ıѣԭʵܵ˾޴ĴӵĨƽҺϵϵӵ֮ʵ࣬÷ǿľõ˻⡣
ԪµĹͣ൱ľ޴
ȻĿǰĺ㣬֪ΪʲôһֱںԣȻεңֻ˵ķˣʵأĿʲô
ѵֻΪ˵ʱԷǺĴ壬ӦⷽԵ˵Сġ
شˣλȥ˰ɣҵС٣ҵûλˡĵ
ȹϲѧˣ²ѧܵչرĿ죬ʮ֮ļѧҲгѧǴʲô԰æĵطģڿˡЦݿĵ
ȷʵˡЦѧ齨ļ壬ûͺĴȵģ̵һͼλãҲ㹻ѧˡ
΢΢һЦȻҲشֱ֣£ҲѸٵ뿪˷פء
ҡҡͷղѾˣԼǺҵľͼȴûлشҲգˮڣҪͱ˵ĻҲʲôˡ
λǵıҶɵƯʮڣλúϢҪ뿪ˣһʱǾҪʼ׼ȥͼˣͰ˴ǻԶʱκһͼ壬ǵĶ֣
ԭҵĸӹǻܹΪͼĻôϵӵܺ͵ϵӵǻǺȴǺġٴУ˸壬Сͼ֮Ĵͬ޴Ĳģÿ곯͢ͼܹõʯķСͼʮϣͱ˵ĺôˣͼÿܹȥѧԺͶģСأֻһ
ѧԺѧԱص֮󣬱ضǻܵõģҲܹ൱ıľ顣
ԪףѧԺѧԱֻһ㣬ԺûܹȥֻܻصСǾҲΪһпȡλʿ
ڰ˰ƽʱϰȥ֮󣬷żΪ׵ģԼƽʱͨסլ
ƽϢңСЩҺĵҲˣҵ½úǵˣҪҪܹԸӹγѹơεҺҵͬѧһ֣ͬ͹ˣֺҲսǺаġ
ֺϲüҵĴӦŵΪǰկĴ󵱼ңϲսսҲܹĽش죬ѾеԼƺһЩʲôͿҪӶƷ۷ͻƣΪһƷʿˡ
˼ҪġүӣҾͲˣ룬ǻԸһֱǵġЦ
ЦǿɲһʮСӸɵòδػ
үƽʱҲҪһ£ô˵ͻƵһƷ֮Ԫɴǧ꣬ԼҲкôء
ţסһҲҪôˣҲںһʱ䡣ͷ
Ԫһ̣ʶʱ񣬰Ԫ״̨ҲǺõģǲҵĲγһģȻǺԺʵѹƲסǡϰٸƷΪĺְһǿġ̾Ϣ
ȷʵˣԪᣬֽϵλᵽ˺ԪײеĵطǸû죬ҵĲҪšһҲѡͷ
ǵģƽҲ֣Ҳ뿴ԪԪ׵ô롭ǵʱǴֺ㲻Ѿˣվģڿ˸ɵû
ŸõĴԭĸӹϵӵܣ󲿷ѾˡȵͬѧǼ֮Ƿҵڲǳ׵ȶˡ
ǵġǲңҵͬѧǣδػ̫ʱ䣬ǻҪԼʵУǵĿ꣬ɲֻһ͵ļ壬ȻˣǾҪã˴λѾȹ̫ˣΪʲôǲҲΪĴأţҲǲѡ񡣡
Ц
ҵȱضһҵĴҵ
ֺƺ˷׷վ𣬴ĵ
һŬǵļңǵĸ֮ǰкܶˣΪӵһ鸣أټҷɽ磬ӵеĵӣɱҪõöˣŬȥʱҵһͬɽ磬ó񲻿գ
ɽ硪зɴ½ˣʿƽ񣬶ޱ飬ɴ½ȻãȻɽ磬ռ׷
ԹͲϵ˷ɽ磬ϵɽȻɽ绹ž޴ľͺ蹵Ȼÿ˶һ̡
Ҳͬˡ
ȥѧԺֻΪһЦһԼڷҺ޼Ѿ϶Ϊһˣǵڵʵ˭㽽ɽ磿
Ͼʮ꣬;ƷΪɴ½ʷɾ͵ʿЩù;Ĵ֮⣬ȥɽ硣
ȻĻö˵Ĺ񣬶ʮһˣңڵʿԪ޾ǶȥĶ
ѧԺʷȶҪƾãεԺаѾǲ֪ٴԺˣҲǷɴ½ϵĶʿΪڲϵΪǰԺǶѾɽ磬˺ʵĽӰ֮һ·
ÿʿϣĵ·ȻĻǳڵʿǴڷɴ½Ҳûʲôͷ
ǣԭֻͨƽ񣬾ңȴҲȥֻء
ûϣԼһ⣬ʲôۼĻᣬβŬ
ĻǷǴģǾͻŽڷߣһپ١
ȵǳɳ֮ҲΪ
÷ĵ·Ҫĵ·ȥȥɺͶ
ҲǷˣͬĿꡣ


152 
˵вһϵѪģǰӿȻɾˣҲѾչֳƣ̬ݾ飬˶ãǾͻȥ
ʱ伧㶼ûôӪߣӪľͽ˿˵СΪӪһƷ֣Ҳ÷Ӫڲǽ
Ͽ˰ֿ쵽ˣǿϾҪҵ˰
нչԿ˵е
ǰƷΪصƻ˰ա˵лش
ǰѾˣҪǻȥĻģϱ߾ˡнЦȻһ䣺أ˷ͳ㰡
˵ҪΪ߾Ӫ˵̾ϢһһûӦ
ҲûӦнֵѵõ¶ЩȻɫ
֪ʲô뷨Ҵҵ֮ȥһ·׼Ҳĵġ˵ͻȻ
ѰСһֱûչֹⷽҰģʲôãֵһΪ˽ܶǺˬںܶʱҲǺܹ¼ŵΪֲѰ·ʿ͸ӵĹ¼ˣǷҪһܶܶʱнץץͷЩյĵ
ͬʱ̾Ϣ
ŲǽƳĺŽͬˮһ˵һɶӪѧԱǴЦţɨսȻڿ˵е뿪أһ֧ӺܿͲ˽˿ȱ
ӪźǿսнмģҾͲͼˣ˵УûУαҵģһٶûмӵܣԸĻҵγսҸǲİٸֽҲܿҪˣʱԵĽҵʿ֣սϣܹǵʵ
˷ЦŶԿ˵еӪٶѧԱҪҵоһٶʮûмƽѧԱԺѧԱУôƽѧԱܹӵǿʵģһٶʮУ˵ƷΪƷΪĺ֣ƷʿһֻҪ뼸ٸƷʿܹΪһ֧á
Ѿˡ
˵бƽĵͳ˸һʱ䣬ǡҪ֪뷨
СӰ鷳ðɣҲǿǣСҲ֪ôģû齨뷨ңλõġ˷һѺӣ̾Ϣ
лͳ˵½⡣һٶʮ߸ӪѧԱͬʱԼ˷ﾴһڲǽ˺ܶ࣬Ҳͼ˷ﵥµľʿǽꡣ
汻СŪˣͦϧġ
ſ˵е뿪ıӰﵥ̾Ϣһ
ǰȺĬսϣһӪӪˣϧˣǲҵˡ˷ͷ
ΪʲôﵥЩֵʡ
ΪǸСӰԼѾһ壬Сӵб£齨ûãӲ̲һС壬ޱȵĵλǸСҪפأŷ𷴻ģ֤ݶС
󡭡ȷʵﵥЦҲӣù˶þҪ޸˰ɣʱܶҲҵһӰ
˷ؿԼһۣЦҿнǸӣҲҪ뷽ļġ
ﵥɫɣ׼ġӣҶҪˡ
˷ֻЦ
ͨʱ򣬿˵ŽҪʲôȥҷӦòѣȻ˵£ҪǿԼʵ㹫ܹҵôȻ˵㹫¶ЩҵҲǳڼӰѷӪе鶼ڴҪ㹫ҲһЩɡ
ڷӪ˵ҪȷӵϤϾֻ˷Ӫһ꣬˵ȴ꣬һͨĸڵʵָߣ˵ҲһͨĶƷѧԱΪԺһָƷʿʵȥĶûҪԺǱޣĻǸϣ߾ǸӪطĻǸء
һٶҵƽѧԱҲҲƷʵǵطϻǾУһϯ֮ء
ЩƽѧԱǣжкͷ뷨ѾΪʲôˣҪҲΪֵǹͬǰ;
ǸԸڷߣȥԼһƬ¡ǲ֪ûҪ齨Լ
ԴӷǴԺͨѧԱܹռλõ֮ǾͶԷóϷˡ
ѾˣҲǾԼ齨һ壬ȻȷϾȺ˵ʵǳףĻҲһɺǿ
ͨ󣬽ջõĻ֣׼̨ڹȥѾ˲֪ٴΣҶϤˣͨ뵽Ժڵʱ򣬿˵ʶľҪǰȥֻͣס˲
΢Цվ￴ǡ
˵ʧ˳ҪȥĶҷͳǰ
һˡ΢Цλɺá
Ӫĳ˹Χм䣬뿪ʱֻһƷΪѾƷΪ˵кнǼģȴֻ˵ʱȻҪϸ
ô뵽Ҫģļ𣿡нһЦһŷļ
ǶҪҵˣôܲЦ
ǵģмвһҪҵ˵е˵ͷ
ԣǻ˵ġЦ
߿֮ϵĺɽˣ¶һ˿޿κεĿЦ
Сӣ֮ҵԼĵһ仰ǡҪǽǣ
Ҫ֪ҵѧԱгɫļڷӪЩƽѧԱкܶ඼ٷǸ忴ˣҪ˵Ĳ֪٣һ仰ҪһѧԱڿհ
ΪѧԺԺԺǺܸܹѧԺѧԱɵһġ
˵ֵʱзӪѧԱһ㶡
֮ǰֹܶΣҪҵȰ˵齨ֵһͬŬĲϣǾԼ齨Ҳ³ʲôµʱæʱۼͬ𣿽ƮƮһ䡰ˡ֮ǰȫˡ
Щİ
ʲô˼˵ʡ
齨һ塣Цúܺߵӣ˲٣ڻˣѹסӵĸֲ࣬ŵùģһƷ۷ʿǸ֣أҪʵǲֻһطģõܣƫƫǸֲȶԵڼסӵļһҲܹˡ
·һһʮİԼ齨Ĺ̶˵˳Ȼֻ˵ҪԼͬʱҲ÷вΪ˱ǣ齨µļ壬ͬʱ˳㻹̲޼ҴҵˣȻƽϢһңҲ벻ԼҪȥ
˵׼Ӧнȴ͵͵һѣȻվ˳һιֵˣȥҲ⣬˲ȥĶǺܺõģܲȥ׹
˵һ£ȻЦҲǲԼȺıôãȴһȭ˸գҪΪѷ
ȻɶûУҲһȥģȻʱ򣬵Ϸһ·Ҳǲġ
ߣԡƷӪһ޷ǾʮƷʯٺ»ҸһƷʯ֤ǳԲ˿ؿڵ
⻰нһǷ˻ôš
ǿЦģҴӦȻеʲô飬ֳɲá˵ҲȰ
Уûٷĺãôλ˵Ǹط֤ȥ˾Ͳ뿪Цúܿġ


153 ֱʵ
һʮˡԺҵոŷ뿪
һԺıҵһǧˣʵƷﵽڵֻжʮˡϾܹѧԺȻţȻţҲѧϰͻƵڵģŬܹﵽƷΪԺǱȥģ͡
Ϊ֤ͣŵĿɹܹԽΪʿģϽлΪңڵĶʿⷽ˵ÿʮţĳƷѾǷǳߵˡ
ȻεĶʮоŸˡ˿˵Ʒʿ֮⣬߸Ʒʿһнܾ˻ؼְѡͷһͬ뿪
ʵвнȻм壬ȴѡ˺ͷһͬ뿪ǵҲн࣬ϵӵܣϵҲһ㣬˵ϵӵܵĻ޷ɵ뿪ˡ
̾ϢŶԷѧϧҽ뿪ԺҲ޷ѧæˣҡ뿪ġ
ԺһѾﵽƷʵļһЦ
Ȼһ꣬ĽȴɱȾ󲿷ֵѧԱҪǿö࣬ѹΪš
صңǽҲлġЦһֱǶĵĻ飬ѧԺ֮£ҹϵãкҲǺȻ顣
ΪЩϵӵܼ룬Ըŷ뿪ģһʮˣƷʿһƷʿʣµĶƷʿѹ־˷ҲĶµһӪȻҲһƷʿΪӪʮƷʿΪӳȻڶӳ֮£ƷʿҲԲôࡣ
Ⱥˣ׼뿪Ȼͺεı
ǵģ㹫С㡣
ڷһ˸ո뿪ѧԺʱ򣬾Ϳǰżʹӳз˹
ֻһ֮һȭߣ˲ĿǼŵһٶ˸ޱȵĳԾʲôʱ򿴵㹫˱Ϊ
ѾԺˣһҲԺˣŷ
ȣ˵ˣҲߣûһƷִӣӪô죿µԼϵĻҳȻ
СܲšЦĵȻ㹫СܾƴҲҪάӪĲء
ټҸչˣ㻹ʲôĵ𣿡Цſ˷
ǸЩʲô˰ԾĲ˻⡣
ٺٺ٣⼸µĳɹˡЦһͷСꡣ
˵Ļ֮£һ˴һٶ˱˽ˣһٶ˾ȻƷʿҲɡǶűޣٶҲ
·ϣ˲֪˼ʱȥˡ
ԼݣҵǽǣȻڵĲʲô֣ȴмֵв̫õҩʦʦˣȺҹͷ٣ḻԶҵҩʦʦøӵĳɫǴӣҵĵҩ鱦Ǳһ̨ס
Ͼʿÿ˶ԼҲҪһʱģоḻʦָһ£ڻ·಻Ҫ˷ѡ
һ뷢԰׵ͷӣֽкβ˵ֺ챾Ĺ̵ʱһʹļ׵ӣ˾ǲùǮ
ʮˮʯ˷ѣ̫˷ˣƷˮʯ㹻ˣ˷ô࣬ǲˡ
ңǷҵıƣðк϶ѹˡЦ
ȻϷܹºӲ꣬Ψһ;ϷϻмĵáͷӺһ㶼ǫĵ
ҷҲŸոճٷϾˣöϣĴܹ
Щܲͷ秵ĻæĻӦ
ŷϡϣ֪ʱɷϷһۣżĹһӡ˫취֪Ͼ֮ʱɷϷĦһ㹫˵ô࣬ϷԷҵЩʯԼıȤأ
˼䣬Ȼż㵽һߡ
βϿǴʦ֮һҪǰȹ֪һЩĻô뿪ءֱ׳ĵĹһӡʱоһ¾
ץץͷʦҵˣҪ֪ԽǶʿǵķƵʱԽпЩϧϣʦܹʡٵĺòϵģȻڷͷĲϴ´࣬ҲûҪ˷Ѳǣ
ôһʦԼ壬ԽԽ˰
һٶ棬ʦҩʦռһ룬˺βʦ֮⣬˴󲿷ԣҲܵãϾ¾ڣõʦҩʦΪЧǲõģҲǶ˲ˡ
ǲߵһЩЩĿ˿󣺡Ͳפسʲô𣿡
ʲô⣬ѵɨˣҲûôĵӣߣҲǶЩ˲ŵذϾмкܶ඼ûһƷΪҲɣҲûӿٶءʼ
һǾòãܿȥͿȥɣôඥʿÿ˴һ˷ҲǺܼ򵥵顣ߴٵ
ȣΪʲôôżѵʲô𣿡ƺʲôĵط
ʲô⣬ҳûʲôԼأĵ
˵
ЩļͷȻŵʵأȺ˶ƭġɲͬҰڳֻҲˣЩ˲٣⼸˲࣬ǸβҶʦ֮һҲˮ׼ʦҸ֪˵Ļƻ׷ģֻҪǽפأúβǩԼҲûİ취ˣ׷ϵĻһʦͻܵˡ
ʦһĶֵһ䡣
һѧԺ˵һŮͬʱǾƷϸֺʦֱһĴڡش
һᣬȻͻȻֵǣҪӿٶˣȥפػ֮ңôҪߵʲôʱλֵܣҰλʦ̧һ
ӪĺȻӦŵȻһʩչͨεҲƷΪҪһͷ޼һ˷лõģһʱ֮ݹٶȿ˽ӽʮɿĳɽȥ
ͬʱڡ
֣һٶҩʦʦء
ŮȻҪȥɣһٶҩʦʦҲںʧ
ǺβʦҲߣҲں𣿡
ʲʲôʦҲˣܼҺӣô˵ʦģ
ʮǰʦʦʱһ˴ϡϣɵն㹫Ȱ˵һء
⣬⡭⺢ӣˣҲʱµԵɵȥɣļױҿҪϴһݣ
ıû˵
죡ܵܣɲܲҵ̨УǸڵƺҲء
˴ôãҲҪһѪҺа


154 
ٶ˻صפصʱפض䶯ˡ
ͷΪƽƷʿ˸ƷʿһٶƷʿһƷ۷壬ֻҪϣܷԾڵʿ
һ½еСͼ¶޷ֵ
ԭӵǶˣȻһֱ˵һԼͬѧЩƷƷĶʿȻûʱпڴţڹŻǡ
ȻڣһٶʿɢӴѹǰ֮ǰҴӳϵӵܣһҷκε
κһк֮ǰᲢ۵ʵ
еӵжң˵ûгɹɹˣɱңпܴ
кҰæҲһٳʿǿɶѧԺһҵеľһʿһɱˣңҲеĺ
ʵһ㣬ȵ֮Ҳͻֲʵʵͷúõһ·ҸĸõĴϧǣȴ޷ȨƣðһԼ
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ûôõĵطôҰæô˵ҲǳԿĴЦ
ӪѧԱޱȵϲͬõҩʦʦǣڿṩĴҩĺͿʯ֮ͬǳ⣬ΪҩʦʦкõҩĺͿʯƵҩģصġ
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ǾͽˡЦ


155 뿪
Ĳ𣿡
һ֮ǰļĿŷҪŪô죿
ôŪң˵һḻϳɣӪ±ֵÿǱʱֵûҪأӵпܸң϶ġͷҲصĵ
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¶ǾԣϾǲҪΪ˴֮µĵһңֻҪһͼʸѣܹչֳʵͼǿ϶ܹõģһЩ⣬ҲֻǿĸߵͶѣȻΪʲôȥأҿǺˣҲΪ˼Լ̫ش
ͰѷӪ𣿡ЦѰ׳ȥȻԼװ⻹ķء
˵ô鰡ҶҲкôģȥĵطҲ׵ĻôõɣڲҲδػôõ
⵹ҲǡطΪʲôӵôǿҵģȻɵģȻͱˡҿЩҩͿˣԶ𲽵ĳɳģפӦǱΪģȻɵġ˵Ķ𣿡˼ǵĵ
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˸Сͼսǰéļ壬ʮͼ壬ܹʮĸ彫׽ɱʤ߱ͼĳƺţлᣬֻҪսŰܣ뵹ʸΪͼ塣
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Ļȥ߽õģ㵽ȥĶ죬ҲûҪ˵ȥĶɵһ䡣
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յ࣬飬ȴҲ̲䱦Դ֮ḻƶԴһԴԾûей˴еĺǼڴ˵أҲפ֮صͬͰһ㡣
Ŵ˴ԴҺǼʵǿᣬΪƷʿлʮλΪңڵĳϣڵɽɽˮˮԴӵǿʵͬʱвСĸӹɣҺڵҡҺңȻҲǴǧļ壬ͼҲǿĴڣȴҲֻҺǼұϢڵĻɫ
ҲΪʲôԺʱ˻Ӻָ͵ʱķΪѵԭ
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ԷŶ֮ƣ֮ʵϾҴеݣһʮ忤ٵĵطǿҲǺҺǼҼפڵĵط󺣣Ҫ塣
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һɳ𡭡Ǻ˵۾Ц
ϾҺǼ̫󡭡ϺңɽǼңҴĹ֮κ˶Իãѹ˵ĻһʿҲûǿİɡ
ȣ⻰ǲǱʾǿȥһǵ鷳أϾңڵʿ϶ǲֵģǼҵмҲûôЦ
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ǹ½֪Ļв۵ļһ鷳𣿡
ҪװʿӰҴ׸ͷߡ֮󣬲òĺܸı䣡ʿӦٰɡϷһͳõģͬڴһĶ
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еģʵģҼһЩĵŪģϲĴ΢˽ãĴܣ춼Ϊ˭ʶԲоĶ֤֮˭ʶ㡣Цĵ
ȴðա
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ݡ


156 
Ͻʮǣ֮أ˿ͬʱʿҲ쳣Ķ࣬ðʿÿն֮ͬ꣬ʤ
ĴҲǰ׹һһûͣЪʱ
ΰ׹ʱʿЯֳ˴⡣
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޴ʿ˼֮ˣ˼Զ͹ɰ׶һۣ߽
λȾȻǲͬ죬ڴ֮˵òɢϢ˲ͬı仯ǻ˾ĶٷƷʿµƣҲΪ˿Щɢ޲ҪƽֵĴʩ
Ҫֻ֪һһƷʿҲܹ׵ĴݻʮӣúÿƵĻɴ½ƽ˵˼
Գ˼Զ͹ɰ׵ʿȻǷͼˣҪݣȻʵʵĴӴΪԵ
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ǽȥľɽҰɣľϵԪŨĵطҪѰľ͵ȥ
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δأֺöҲֻԵ߲ܻأ˵ȥˣľŻЦ
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Щɢ޺ǣֻĬĬ˳ûкǼҵӵܷʲôˡ
ǵǿԡڿһɫۣ·ϱҼŵʿһƷ⻨֮󣬼̲סЦ
ˣǿһЩġҡҡͷ


157 
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һţһЩջĶԷ
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ЩʿðΪƣˣȥĻʧԼʱ䣬ȥѰһ֣Ҳܹġؼǣ뷴ƵµҲ޷֯ĴԿȻЩһδǼжǴСģϵĿ϶Ҫģ鷳Ȼ˱ΪϡǺЩʿ
ҲûҵʲôöҪҵһöĻҾʹǡݺݵĵ
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ȻööˣȻȴַģЦúϲ£졣
ڼ㽫ƾΧȫȥһ׼ŽԼʱдһϺȡ
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Цݿĵ˴ҵĿеĿǵĻǵµģҵġ
𵤽һ䣺ھ࣬ϷƷʯһ飬͵ǵѵѰɡ
ͼһۡǹ󷽵ģƾڹٷгϣһƷʯûʲô⣬һ仰ͰѼֵ˾ųɾţѹɢԽԽˡ
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ʿ˵ĳסѾϰЩɢǵĲҷϿͼͲΪҲǿȥȻвûãǾֻгˡ
ССͣ;˵꣬ѵһǲˣ
𵤺ȵȻһƣͳż˹ȥƾӵϣȻȹ
𵤽һϵжˣһƣԽʿɳȥòȣƾȻͻУõȣҲѸٵȥֱûƾΪֹ
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ĳһڵϣԱߵŷͬһĳǰһƾͻĻ
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İƣȻҡҡͷ
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158 
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ͼչֳƣ޷ǾǶƷƷ֮䣬ʵóͻƷ۷ʿǲ뵽һֿԡ
䣡ˣ
һǱһЩĴ󺰡
һ£ȴǼȻش𣺡ϼһ۹⵹ǲ
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ԵЩǱһѣҴҵľͼ˶ݹ⣬ȥ
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㽫ƾ˴ȻЦǰһִڣû뵽ǻᡣ
һ·ţ㽫˷
ν䣬֮ǰɴ½ϵһʿڷɴ½֮ϣʿʵΪ֣һΪһǱİбϵʱʿܹչֳǿûбʿսϾͻĴһۿۡ
ʽڵʿȫͬ
ֻԸ˵ΪԼһ֣תΪ˷Ƕ壬˵ǵ壬ǵıսУһĻԻɱԼ߳һƷĶ֣Ϊ㱾ʹָҲϾһ֡
Ȼʽȴ쳣ѵģҪԴͶ룬ǧУԽϡ٣ǧѾˡ
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һ£û뵽ǾȻԼĴŹϵڴ½ϻصĻôǲΪԼأ
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Ϊʲôܣʵ
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˵ĻǸղųֻһ㰡ָСĳϵģڿһ벻˰ɣ
һ˵һģһЩ飬֪Ҳ࣬ϾѾʧ˺ܳʱ䡣
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ͼһЦңǲһİԵ
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ԷҲЩͶȻ߸Ʒ۷ʿڣȻԷȴһƷʿֵĻҲû¶֡һ˵ƷʿѰҲϵģǸˡ
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˫һϲɢ޿ҲǶƷΪȻҲȫţǴ𻨣ҲҪ׵öࡣ
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ϡƷҩģõȥ˷֣õĹ׶Ҳˡ
ͼǰ棬˫Ĵս׼ȷ˵Ӧ˫ʹӵܵս
˫սʽ÷ˣȻǹÿλ裬ȴޱ֮ǹȻֱͲһŮܹʹǹ
ǹе˼ҲЩóǷĽɱ̫óһôɫսҲɵôһ˿͡
нˡƷ۷˰ɣֻһ͵Ʒѹֶ˵Ŀء
˼˫ĽҲ̫һ㣬뿪Źżµʱ䣬ѸٵľʹﵽƷ۷壿ҲȷʵˣɫʣȴûнѧԺҲûΪãǺܺ顣
һ֮˫һ˶ûд򵹣Ⱥҵĵӿʼ˸ģȻͼȴͬʱ¶΢Ц
ǿó˫޷һһĴ򵹣ǵǻӵڵӣֻΪ˸õڽʱһԵȫ򵹡
ͦŵġһ
ʵšЦȺҵĵӿҲûʲôս飬Ѿ˫ȫסƣ͵һˣǾȻûз֡
йˣȻûʲôս顭ı߾ǾҽжԿģ棬ǺͱԾжԹ棬бв棬ҲϳսֻûԵйвǴӺҲ̫սҪǷḻǲżˡߵ
΢΢ĵͷȷʵˣ缧˷µĴһһģڲǽֵһ֮󣬾ͻֲ߾ȥԿ󲿷־棬սʿ
˫ѰŻᣬҵĵͬʱֵʱҲѰҵ˻ᡣ
ǹ֮ðޱȲõĽɫâһ˫Ҳһ˲䣬ͬʱҵĵӣڵأ


159 ս
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̲ס˰ƣ˫һȷʵƾڶԷͬʱֵһ˲䣬ԼǿһٻԷĹͬʱش˶Էҵĵͬʱ˵أһţȴ޷ߣҲ
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лλֻ𻨣лر˫Էͼ㹰˹ֵע⵽ˣ˫ƴʱ򣬷ͼ㻤ס𻨣ûɢ˵𻰡
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ЦͬƷľϵʿӮ˲࣬ϾǴľ֮壬ͱͬƷʿҪǿһЩ
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Ǻǣԭˡλ˴ҵҩ˴κҩģҵĲƲ֣Щ³çأ֪Ǻμӵܣѣһ𻨣͸ΣЦ
һȨƣҲûʲôɽ˫ҡͷ
ŶҲ޷ҿƷΪԸҳΪſͣ𻨣͸Ҳûʲô˵ġЦ
ȻˣͼһۣһЦԷǵĸо


160 ӵ
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ҺεˣȻһ֮꿡ܣλ֣ɢޣΪӬͷСæǵʱգзԴλ;ֻҪΪҵſ֮ͣǰĳͻÿһʹЦ
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ôԵҲ𣿡ЩԾˡ
ʲôϡģʮ磬ڹְľͼһʮ磬ڱģϳģڱġǾԶأҲиءЦ
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һҵң֮УǼʶȻǲģԳݡⶼǱҪġ
ѧԺѧϰԺ֮ٳŷܣĳ̶ֳ˵ҲǶ⿴İɡ
һΪҪ˫ץأйӵܡЦ
ôܣҶҪһץһĻǼһ໥֮ϡﻩģ飬ǲأ֮оǲ˺ˡЦ
Ǿл㹫ץ֮ˡ˫ˬһЦԼ㹰ֵ
ͬʱЦЦһ֮󣬼ŵģҡ
е⣬Ҽǵòʮͼεģյ˵ǵļ޷ǾƷʿڳϾƷʲôʱͳˣ˵ͷ
˵ǵĳͻء˫Դ˵ûʲôо
ǻǵ̽һ֪˫Сܷһͬжأ۾Ц


161 Ե
λ浽˶ߣ
һ߰˳ߣΧҲǰ˳ߵĴӵķԹţʿһ˵ôεģҲûò죬֮Ҳû΢ֻԱʾ˵Ĵڡ
һСӵļͷ룬Ȼλÿ΢˽öüֲͬߣÿ궼ܳȥһˣڿߴмٸɣҲûϸһٶ
һĲȴݵһ˵˫Ҳɵ÷˷ۣҲ֪ǲǹģ֮󣬳˼Լ֮⣬˫Щû
ȥĶ˫ЩƵһ䡣
ҪһҵĵϸĻõİ취ǽҡЦ
˵һȥͶҵſͣʵҾͲỳǵ𣿡
ɾȥ鰡ǿֱȥһǣȻͨٶȻصݵǼǵģǵƣɶʵŶЦ
Ҳڲϵˣܶɢ޶ǵ³ΪſͣΪڲϵЩɢ޻õҩĺͿʯŪúܶɢ޶ˣǶЩҩĺͿʯƺַǳĴԿ˱ȽϷٺ»ſͣڲɢ޶ԸΪſܹͣĵҲϻʯˡ
˫죬ЩϸҲǱȽϵ
Ǿ͸ˡҪôϸʲôһͼͲҪôĲϣ˵ˣҺ֦ͬ滹ǼҺԴĴ壬ʲôȱڣǼҺȥ裬Ҳڽ費ֶ𣿡ҡҡͷ
³ͷǻȥҲһˡ
Ȼ˵Եױضǿʱõ飬Ȼʿ˵ʱû̫ģ໨һЩʱֺηҪһϵз֮Ķ
ڴ֮չֳʵ޷ǶƷңʵҲЩһ˵еʵͶеſͣҲǱȽܻӭģϾ߱һʵֲ̫ǿ
ҵפأľɽǧﴦʵҡҺҵפأǼҵפزԶǧפطԲͽмķΧ¢ˣҲĳֱһַ
Ⱥפʱſ͵ĵطѾ˳ӡ
ЩɢҿģҲ̫Ը뿪ԴḻԵҿʼſͣͬм۵һչֲϵʱ򣬺ܶɢ޶ԸⱻҰôһ㡪ΪҲȥĵطҪ
ڹٷǿ֮£ɢԿģ˫ķʵһ
ڶԱʿ졪ϣʮĽӽĵϵеٮٮߣ˴ˣϢѸٵľʹˣɳĴѲӣȴҲ޷ҵļһټ
ϧһ˾ˣһܺҺݺݵĴϼ˵ǾͲñ̰һˡиʿ̾Ϣŵ
˭˵ǰҾʿҲ̫ɫȻôҹܵˣǹĻҲôܵɡԱһʿӿڵ
ô֪ܵˣҿʱǵ鷳Ҳ˵ʱҳԸأ
ȣ˵ҪֵôĻҵ˿϶Ͳᵽȥ˰ɣʱԼҲԼãڿɺöˡ
ˣұˣҵˣ鷳ģǸոճôĿ˵ͻǵĲŶ
һţһĳǰߣͻȻ˼ʶǵĳƺȫɳȥŶ
˵ͷͬʶش
㲻óҳ˼ʮϣʵƷƷ֮䣬ȺֶɳȥѰǵټĻҵķģǵļͼڣֻҪѰӵ׵ġ
Ϊû˻뵽ʱҷɡǸð취
ͽŶ
Ϊʲôֻң
ֻΰ㵨ϸõѡһ𷢶Ҫˣٻ
㿴㶯һͻᱻ˷˺𣡡
ˣҸһߣҾͲܹʶеſͣ
һʶţһѾߵ˵ǼǵĵطǼǵҵüͷ˿ͬɽһķȻλѣ͡ҵʵĲ𣿡
С˰ĳȻʹһ㣬Ƿǳ˵ˣڿʯҲںʹ󲻴󰡡Լؿڵķ⣬ĵ
Ҳǡҵĵӵ˵ͷĿͷҲҩ鷳һЩҪڿĻһѺ֡
ӹݹƣǼ֣߽ҵĴš
ǰȻǸӹſ;סĵطκμ嶼ԽĵطԽɭϣҪĶҲԽԺԺʲô
һɨۣ;ȷʵԾһ˵һͼ壬޷ǾǼƷʿϰٸƷʿΪϣƷҲᳬһǧˣŷһͼĹģ
һС¾ƷĳϳһǺԵĲͻƵƷûõĳϣ֮ŵĵӶƷ۷ΪʵҲȷʵЩˡ
ԶԶûͰ˴ȣҲӦеʵƺҵʵһԾһ㣡
÷Щ˽ΪʲôĶڻˣҵʵһԾôڸֲϵȷʵǳĴ󣬱Ͼÿ˶ҪԼıҪոȹԼľ磬ֻ˵״̬ȶʵŻһķԾ
ʲôԭǵʵһķԾء˺氡
ǵѵһȺʿʼ뿪ҵפأȻѰҩĺͿʯǵ·ϱҵӡǣӡǣҵĵӾͲǵ鷳
ͼ˫˰֮۵һ𣬼㽻˷һ
µߡһ鴫֮˵ĻܹʲôΣգ֪ͨң𣿡㿴ŷ۾
룬ʲôΣյġЦŽ˹
Էһ
԰˴ôһҪ˵Ļȥ𣿡
Ϊʲô
Ҫ鴫ĻǾ˵ҷʲô˲õĶȻҴһܵˣ͵õһʱȥҸפ΢Ц
˫ɫһפ˵ҿܻң
ƾʲôҡҵĵģ鰡ЦҡҡͷˣŬɣЩĻ˵ǻᱻɰ
㻹ҵ˫ֺֺЦʱҲѼһЩͼˣȥ콻õġ
˵˫ʹԼĴﶶһһƷƷĸֲϣռôõĲϣջҲǲƣóΪһ칤ĽҲһⶼûС
ɫڵʱ˷ͷصҵפأҸղϵĵӽ˲ϣȻǰԺ˸طϥʼϢ
ȻϢȴϵʶ̽ΧפУƺֻƷĵӴڣĳڵĳϣ治ϵѰš


162 
̫ˣ֮Ķѧģ
淽λãԼһӵ˫͵ĿǰķܹվǰȻʶ֮̽£ǰǿտյģʲôо
˫Ϊϵʿȫţʵʣʶ̽Ҳ쳣ȴ޷ַĴڣ֮似ˡ
΢΢ЦЦУȻô˵һȥ̽ء
ѧˣ֮Ȼ棬ȴҲʶ޷̽鵽ЧΪһڵԪھϵ֮Уֻ֮ЧɡƲƲ
㵹˵ˡ˵Щ䣬ҲЧо֮ǴġΪ֮ǲɱЩʿԽս漣Ц
˵⻰ͳŮ˵ͷŽӷȥȻͻأʧŮ֮ڣ
˫һĿȥԼһϵɫޱȵĽӽһһĳԺŲ˹ȥ
ŲʲôʱԺء˫ʼ㡣
ҡҡͷ㱿Ժʿ˶ӵģȻҪһ㣬ҵĵӳʮˣôķΧյȻ࣬û˵ʱ٣Ȼúܡ
˵Լ˫üëһ뷢ŭǿ
΢΢һЦ۾˷пʼĬĬ
뿪Ժʿۼĵط˰ʱʱ䣬Ϳöˡ
ԼǰķİںɽѰǶʱѾǰķʽϰĹ죬ǰɫһĲϱ任ɫΪһ塣
任ɫģȻ壬ڻ֮֮ģģҹɫ֮£˫ƷʿҲҪĿԼĿͱ˵ЩֻƷΪҵˡ
οȻչֳ˺Ǽ𲻷ϵʵǾ󲿷ֵĵֻһƷƷΪƷ۷Ϊĵ٣ȴҲԶԶûеܹפضĵزԲķΧʮȥҲδܹ̫Ч
ϣ󲿷ֵӶԼĶҪעܿģֻЩĴѲߵֵҹӶѡ
£Լεķǰ÷ǳ죬һʱѾԽ˴󲿷־룬ʽԺ
Ժ֮ѲߵĵӿʼöʵҲԵԺѲߵĵУƷΪĵӶǴӵģԺѲߵĵƷΪĵӽֻͨһԱӵĶƷΪĵӡ
ڷʶ֮̽£ԺûƷΪĴڡȻǣƷΪĳڻѰҲԺķر
Ȼѵʵû½ȻƽʱܶƷϢĵطǲҪѲߵģǸ˾źǿ̽ǶˣѲȻͲòΧʵٶ½ࡣ
ҵĵҲû뵽ʱ̽飬׵ͻ뵽ԺС
Լķ򡪡Ժһɢƣͬһŵһ㣬Ҫȥ̽飬֪ʲôط
ɫƵģȻҵļͼ
һתͿǰһСԺͼƣǴǴСԺģǴСԺҲפŨҵġ
СԺڴ˳һ͵͵ĳСԺǱ˹ȥ
СԺΧûʲôѲߣҲΪԼ̫Ҳ֪Ҫ顭
֮ľͽСԺ۾СԺеΨһһӣ˹ȥ
Сŵȣһĸߴüббڶǰһ˵
Σ
ѱ˷Բǧĵطûܹ񺣳ǵˣڳڼӽѰһҪһҳ
ҵļͼһƷ۷ʿȻ˿չֳƣȴѾڼ˷֮£
ؼʱ̣ҵˣҲ֪ǲʲô˲ˡѰ죬ûҵĻͰѳǳձɢΪѰԴ𣿡
ǣ
̸˼֮󣬷תԼΣȻͿ˹˳СԺ
ͼ˫ָ˼䣬üͷ죬ͻȻתڵһǰ£ǽںܿ߷ֿһͨ
ͼһָͷһָͷϣͼһ˦ͨȥ
Ҳ֪ǶԼ̫ţǲʱʲô˹ͼڽ֮ͨ󣬲ûнͨϣһᣬûв˵£ƿ˴ɵ˷䡣
һԼϢȫģһһ߽ͨ
̤ͨһ˲䣬оһϢľԿ϶ͨ棬ضľĴڣ
ѹסԼ˷ܵ飬СĵĳͨȥľҲղͨͨ棬ž޴ΣաͼһƷ۷ʿڵʵͶԷƽ֣Ȼȴҵĺĵشһĸַ׷׻طԼҪѣҲʲô׵顣
οԼµòĻӦòֻͼһ
µͨתӿĺۼ⴦ͨѾںܾˣҵܿ⡣
Ͼֻһͼ壬ķǺǿڼסĵطܿ⣬һѡ
һһĳŲţܿģǰһ·
࣬ľζҲ࣬ͼ
΢˼һ£ѡҲ࣬ľԼľĻضᾪͼ̽һΪ
ٵĽҲͨǰһξ֮һң˷ǰͼǴдġ
εջ񲻹࣬ʹ½⣬ǻӿٶȣ֤ùʹ⡣ͼ
ȷʵ࡭ɲǽ׵ĺ̬ȣϾЩҩĺͿʯ˵Ҫ˵ȴǺɻõģΪǰζóĶȴôࣿ
֮Եޱȵɭ¶һ˿Цݡ
ҲµùȻû¾ͿԽˣңȻħϵ
ħ֮оɴ½ϵҩһȻضǣȴҲʲôϡϰоһԵķ
ȻȴޱȵȱҩġʯԴһƷķֻͨľ죬֮ɼһߡ
ҵʵձȻΪǴħ㹻оĶĺöǴѹҩĿʯȵȸԴҲΪ˺ħ޷潻ס
ڷô෴֮ʱ򣬷Щˣ֮󣬷ȫȷԼĲ²⡣
飬Ӧô
˼ţ͵͵˳ȥ⼸仰㹻ˣȻѾħ˺ܳʱϵʱħ⵽ִ֮ǻķΧޣʼĽӴЩ塪פͬһ㣬ħ޺ȷʵܹܺõԼ


163 ǣ
˳˲·ϢĽһ·Ĳ˵ľҪŪ֣ùõĻôǣܿУоӦǱȽӴġ
ǷҵפأȱһЩо
ţоܹʿ֮⣬ܹĳطø׳ʯڷǴɽǷˣǴɽ߶һԿʯĿ
ܶ෢ּоڷҵפڣפпܳԴԴпʯĿ
ǰʮɣһصĴųǰȴĽƣȻҶԼܿҲǱ÷ǳá
ȻܹɵĽ⿪ȫɾµ鶴Ƶķ˵ЩȻǺȫɾµܹԶ޸ĽƱԵ̫Сˡ
һɨۼ䣬ͿȴоʮŸԵ󷨣һһ󣬲Ȼȴڷ֪Χ֮ڡ
Ҫ⿪Ҫʱ䡪õǣ˴ƺûʲôˣ㹻ʱڲ˵£⿪⴦ŵĽƣֻҪʱѡ
ϥڴŴȻʼϸϸļŴеĹ켣
һҹȥˡ
һҹû˯˫ͼ˵ʲôȻһҹûϢȴǸеһ˿ġ
ûµġǸһΣգҲԲϢġ
Ҳ˫ͷ
Ů糯פȥںһȺɢ޸ո뿪ʱͬʱ˾ҵıը
ͬʱĻͼŭĴ
Сҿҵܿ⣡ӣɱ
ͼĴĴɢŵҵһ£Ȼһ⣬ܿ⴦˹ȥʵͬʱ˵һͣ½Ųɱۣ
Զĺ֣ΧѰҵĳǣٻط
ͬʱһֱеĴͻȻѿ˼ĶĤҹħޣȥפұ߾ͳ죬ǴŴǰƽѣһֵס
ɫͬʱҲˡ
תͷһۣÿ֮ܿһƬɫ⻪
ǹһӡɢģޱȲõĹʣ
ĳЦҲ쳹ء
ˣѹλɢޣǿȡᣬΪǵĵ̣·ƽ˲ȣСӽգҪһǿ֮ˣ
Ķãܿеıãб£Ǿʹ
лصţ΢΢һ˼Ͳ³Ϊη˵Ϊסҵˣֻ˵Լǿ߲ų֣һͼģΪ˸Ǵ뿪Ļᡣ
ͼŭٶĻȼڿ۳һֻ֣վͳŹһӡץ
ƷʿԪޱ׳ʱһץغЧƷʿԶʤƷʿĵط
赭дһʵͼһ£ѾǳȫһץƷʿȫ֮£Ҳᱻŷͷȫ飬ֱӾƷʿ壡
Ȼһӡɢһ֮ӭͼ۵Ĵ־ײȥһ춯صıը
ľýһӵܷ׷ױ˾˳ȥڿоһѪ˳Ľ֣ԶԶܹԸġ
ͼôȺɢˣռסص㣬פصĴҲ
ҵĵӻȻ׷״߶ڿվס
ɢǷһȫʼɢҪפصĻɽˣĴ󷢶֮£ǲʽӵģڴĹΧ֮ڣʱӣ
˫ҲɢȺ˳ȥҵĵæڲҲûǡ
ڴ˿̣ĳЦٶȴ˳
ôˮƽ𣿸ƣ
һӡҫŽ⣬ٶȷ˿еͼͼŭһȼȵĻ⣬˫һ޽ͷŹһӡ
ٶȱľԶԶӵɢǶķһͷеĻһٶɢң
ͼҲ𣬵ջԼľ޽ʱѪ޵ķѾһ˿ѺۣȻھʹ˻ٵȴҲӲĴһȼ
ѪѪͼ˿еľԶԶԷۡԼ˾Ʒ۷ʿú֮ǰͻƵƷ㾡еУȹԼľ磬ʹӰ˺ħǵĽס
ڵΪȴЩ򲻹ˣѵ˾ȻѾңڵˮ׼
ʱվԭͼסķַϵķȴÿҪЦ
һҹʱ䣬ܿ⣬ʮ쾫Ի۾ʮݰһʲƸǴþˡ
ȻٶȣһľȻûƷΪȴҲͻƷ۷ƣ
鶴ڣľĽ룬Ĳ̲ݺ컨ʼ½ÿһƬ֡һƬݵأһݣ
ľʱ򣬲ܿڵħ޾ͱˣƷΪħֻüʾͱһӡΣȻľϵ
ȵͼӦʱ򣬷Ѿܵͼľռλã
һʼĽ֣˫Ǵ˸ƽ֣ڸղŵĽУʵ˼֣һ֮£ͽͼˣ
Ȼ޷ɵĻͼƷʿȻսˣȴѾΪ˿ܣ
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ЩɵĿվԼ֮ϣ˫ָڱʩʩȻķͼĹ˿˿Ȼ¶΢Ц
ƷΪĳϣǧƷΪĺĵӣѾ׷׵ĸˣֻҪԼʱǣסĻɽ󷢶СӾٳɫҲ޷ҶԿ
Ҳ˲Լķͼٶ˫һгֻ֣γȭͷŷȥ
ֻԪ㱻ɢˣҲ޷ĽͼԼķܵ˺
ǼһӡεĻסԼʱ䡣
һᣬѰĳǷ׷׸˻ͼĴУ׷վԼλãǵĸʵЩڵĵҪǿܶˣᱻ˫ս
ڿǻ϶Ѿλˣͼٹһ£ˣȵ𣡡
Ϻͺĵӷ׷̧Լ˫֣貵Ĺ⻪פظð˳һ֮ͼָ֮£ǵصĳ˷
һָһӡӿųǿҵĻɫâĻм䣬Ҳסܵڡ
һæڵԪϵһӡһӡɢĻɫâŨˣȻҵĻɽĹ֮ƺûʲôȴҲһʱͻƲ˷
ÿһ̶Ȼ΢΢Ц
ֵһɽĽڹһӡ˵ƺҲһûءһƷĴûᣡ
οڷͷо١ʮоԼĻܵͬʱϽоͶ뵽һӡУùһӡѸٵĵõ˴


164 Χ
ܵפشԪ𵴵ʱѾ׼
Ϊפı߾ͳ죬ͳͼ˷˲һ΢ԵЩ϶ܿƵ򣬼ǺҵΧڣľɽǼţԶԣפı߾ƽʱԵЩ£ֻһЩΰҪǹޣ㹻ˡ
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׼ʱһʵӴפӪ⴫˹
߾ͳ켧ڣ˴빫㣡
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㹫Ϥڶһ֮ͷ˳ȥ
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£ôˣǰļ㣬Ц
Ȼ¡ҿﵱͳ죬ɵòϸ񰡡Цһ
⻰ô˵ġЩֱۡ
⻰ЩģϾ㼧ǹȴҲûȨܵ߾ģĻȻЩԽġ
Ȼһ仰ƨһ
ҹħޣƤӵ£Ȼû𣿡
飡ʧе
㼯µı߾ңһҵĸ߲㣬ǻ֤ݣ
⻰ҲҵܼĻ˵ǲģᵽħ֮󣬲ô߾Ҫˡǵְ
õǣ֮ǰѾ˱߾Ϊ˷ֹΰϵ⣬ڵǼˣѼı߾ȥˡ
ﵣͳ죬˵δжǿȴضһСĽˣᵽħޣɵСġ
йԼļױ˼ȥΧ֧߾飬Ҳǰ֮󣬼źͼ˫һͬң
ԼһϵоٶҲǷǳ⡣
ڴʼʱ򣬷ѾֵҵĴһյʱˡ
ΪһͼĴҵĴҲ㹻ϾҪĻ϶ǳ嶼޷ֵЧҵĴԵֵңڵʿģʵҲȷʵˡ
˵ǣڷԽԽǿѾܹƷңʿԿˣĹһǶǶڣѾ߶ȫȴ޷ƹһӡǿķ
ܹһӡķȦѾһʼɷԲСڵһɷԲȻڷԪ֧֮£ΧԽСԽǿ
ӰѾͼŽôĶ϶ǻķӦģҲûлᣬ㶫ʲôԣҲȫȥֻҪһȻ˵Էǽҵħ֮ġҲܵɡ
ͼȻЩȴҲûмǷϣˣԼһ£Ҳ͹ˡ
Ĺ˿˿ͼԶԼӰеҵʿеҵʿмϢľȻǣԺҺǼҵĸ֡
ͼһҲ鷳̫࣬еӺͳϱ˴ҲžͱǱ˼صأ˼ǿʢȴô鷳£
ͼЩͷ۵ʱԶԶģ⣬򣬷˹
ʿеʱĺ⡣
ͼһ򣬾֪ǴפӪɹģһͣҲֻоӣһ㣬κһ壬ǰжô롣
ͼƽһ飬׼ɹȥͱ߾ͳʱɫȴͻȻˡ
ԣǳĲԡ
̫ˡĲ²У߾㷢⣬ҲֻСǰͳԼױǰ̽һ£˼ǧˣȺԶԶĳǧ˵Ĺģ˵ĴŻеĹģ
Ϊʲô߾ô죬ô࣡
ͼȫһĸоϮ˼ĵӺͳϣڳǶɳȥʱ򣬼صرһпңڵĸ룬֮󣬱߾ģĳƶ
ͼûйҲˣƫƫйһϵеѾ뵽Ǹ
ԼҼǿսԸܿ⣬˵ħҲסˣڴ뷢
ͼҲһԵһֲԣҲûбκεĽʹеҳϺ͵ӣ
Ȼ붯ʱȴԼȫʧȥ˶һµ
ԼǳĻˣԼɡΪ˱飬ҿ㻹˰ɡ
һϸ΢Ժ𣬻޷ͼͷϿʼðϸܵĺ顣
ԶԶĴ˹ҹħޣͼ췴ͳͳס֣סֵģǣɱ
߾ʿͬʱȻӦŵڿӪΪ׼һһķ󣬽ңȫΧ
ҵĳϺ͵ͬʱ֣ͣһҡ
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ڴǱ߾Ѿʵ
Ӧô죿
ҵ˶ǵļ
ͼ壬ڿţһԡ
Խڶȵͼʲô˵
˵۾ͼǱ߾ҵĵӡ
ԶгɽƵĹâ˷Ȼ֧߾ҲõϢϹˣķ򣬺ҡǼҡҡҵ˽Ҳʼ𽥵ֳټ
Ĺ˿һ£Ȼôã˶ħ˹ĻǳԿĻǰ
һ㶣ȻڿҲһѪ
С㿪ʲôЦͬʱѣǴ壿ӵʮңڸ֣ǧڸ֣ͲĴڸֵĴڰҪΧĻ¾֧߾һ𣬼˲þͻᱻɵɡ
ֻǲ²⣬Ӧòġµĵ
̾ù⺢ôˣ
ʱһֱûжͼһļЦ
²ɣǣƴˣ
һ֮ͼڿеһ鶯Ȼͳżڵķ˹
Ǳܵģһı߾ͬʱһԼĵⷨ
ͼƷ֣ܼĴ֮£ƺҲûչֳʲôɳڼֹ֮ǰĺͼʬ޴棡
ҵˣͬʱԼ۾
Ѿõļ岻ͬǧ꣬ȵǿͼ֮ǰĻĴ̼֮£еҳŭţת˻ɽ󣬿ʼΧı߾ǿĽ
߾ҲһʱչΧ
һνӴ׼ı߾˴پʿˣ߾ʱ򣬶С͵ķģȻپʿˣȴûһġ
֧߾ļ룬ԼǼ˽ĳ֣ҵĵֿܿͻҷ
һʱ֮ңΪʷ


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ڲδҵĵӿ֪ҵı仯ټϷλ֮еħ֮ҹħѾΪ
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ħ޺ʿĲͬǾϢʿΪϢΪ飬ħޣѪΪǵϢԵøӵء
ħޣѪ֣ҲƷΪħޡ
ܿҵ˾ŷоħ޴½ϵزӰ϶ˡ
ͳͳͬʱͷ½һħϵļ壬ҶǹͲС
㹫λѿȻҷΧ֧֮ôãסܿе֤ûбĪλңڵʿתͷԼЦ
ЦЦ˷ѧԺͨѧԱѡ
֣Щ˽ˣϾڷѾһķ֣ҿڷչֳƣԺƷ۷ʿȣԽսص㣬ҵĻɽĹ֮¼ôãƺҲȻ顣
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֧֮߾˴ΧƵͰһ㣬ļҵߡϾҼȫ嶼ħйᣬ˵ߵĺǼҶԴһ֪Ҳ̫˵ȥ
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쾭γԺָһָȻ赭дĵ
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סˡһԼݺǰͬˣҲĵϵӵԼǸɣ
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ˣΪλͳԼ㹫֤ȻˣҵȾ͸ˡ쾭γһ֣ȻתԪһͬź뿪ţΧĺҺǼҵӵѸٵľ˸ɾ
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ˣ˼ˣҵҲҪصפˡ˴ֳƽ͢ɳ̽飬ҵһӪأΣ
ںͳ飬Ǻ˫һͬ˷ߣֵĵϼһʲô
ӻǴ󰡣Ʒ۷ļҪСǸ˫Ц
ЦˡʲôҲ֪ǵĵλȫҪҰڳӣҲֻܼвˣҲԭºжҲĵطҲᷴǡҡҡͷ
ţȴ˹
㹫Թе鷳
ʲôˣüͷʡ
׼ձصħޣû̫ѹȥħޣûƣ޷ֻͨȥ˴˾ȻͨصͲɳĻһһȥʱվãأİ취ǣɳһȽϾɵСӣħѹȥͬʱ֪ͨͨ棬ɳӦ
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ΪβֱӴشפأپӪ䱸ɭϣиַԵģħ޵ңʿҲֺܹ֧ܳʱ䣬㹻ɳǰӦˡ㷴ʵ
¶˿Ц֧פʮʿжǺҺǼҵӵܣ֪𣿡


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û뵽ӣȻˡ̾Ϣҡҡͷ
ɻԲѵħޣЦҲˡ߾ȻƵȻȴֻ棬ûей࣬߾ĲԺҺǼҵĵӣҲΪ桭ң˭Ҳ˵ҺǼҾһз⡣
ǵһϵҷǳɵġһҸҿ϶ҵ飬ҺǼңһûУǣɵĿܣħŽܵϵ
û뵽ȻѾ˫Ц
Ҵ̩ɽñԷǲǻᱻҴʿñͷܣߵ
⻰˰ɣұأ࣬ٶ룬ϳشս֮أȴȻǿкʱұԴͷܣ˫ҲĶ˻ȥ
Ǳ˰ɡ
Щͷ۵ĵڸո뿪ڿзţҪС㳳ܣʵ÷ͷۡ
ŮͬʱһȻ˵ˣŵҺǼңȷʵпž⣬֤ûУֻһͼ壬˵ҲˣԶĹκεĶҡҺǼأ˴϶ܾĶɣҺǼңռеķ֮һ飬㸸ףҲ׵ְɡ
ǲңεһûᣬħޣض֪ٵܣֻҪһ˿֤ݣҲһøֶΣʧҺǼҳ£ᶯҡҴĹȻҲĿ⴦ԽԽ󣡡ͷ
ͬ˵εжͻԽҪҺǼĺħйᣬôǾͲĿǰħ޴Ͳ
᲻ӵĶǵأ˫ЦҲǻǵķ
˭˵һǺҺǼҵ˳֣Ц˺ҺǼңܹвģħɳĺ֡
ȷʵпܡصĵħޱߣôûȷ֤ݵĻҲҺǼҵģϾеļ岻ϣҽȨԴȫաԴҳµĲ·֮ǿʹõԴ˺ܶ࣬Ѽջһ֣һ㣬ҲǸ岻Ը⿴ġ
Ҳ˵ȷ֤ݣ㸸ܶԺҺǼ֣ûȷ֤ݺɵĻ㸸Ҳܹ׵ĶԺҺǼ֣ضķ𣿡Ц
ġ˵ͷ
;Σհ˵ͻᱻħ޵ĸָΧˣǿɶǺʿĽ𵤻ԪΪʳġ˫ƽĵ
ι㲻ҪװɺԼûʲôϵӰҲǵͬа
ҺǶ˰ҪҰæ֣ܼ򵥣Ҫꡣ˫ǺǵЦ
Ҫʲôһľ衣
˫˷ڼҪִ˵ʱ˫Ƶĵһְɡ
һ£ȻҲЦֲ֮֡ƣһҲ޷
ԭһõĺôҿоŷ쾫ΪֻȡҪľء˷һۡ
˵ʵұһһݵģֻˡ·£úõһ£˵ܹͻƳƷء
Цţ˫Ƶо
ŵģһŰɫŵģһɫľ
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쾫Ůȥӵʱһ֣һİĶھͳǵǰ
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Ůոսס׹쾫ͱͻȻǰĶڸһ
ѵռ䣿ôܣǴ˵еɾʸЯĿռ䣡˫Ծĵ
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˫һۣ˭ҲԸڶԷǰ¶⡣
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֪ẦԼľǸڡ
˫Ҳʾͬ˶ڡ
Ů鶴죬΢΢һЦջԼڣݹ⣬ٶȣڵĵط
飬̤鶴ļ㣬ͷһ֮̾
һõطŨôã
⻰˫˵˳ȴ˲Ϻ˫죬ǳĿǰһС
ľȫ֮鶴ٶȷ˱仯ԭֻĵ棬ʼ˸ֲָչŲ
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ټ˫оϱıֱһͷͨϬڳ˯ţޱߵĴУ꣬Ҳͬڳ˯
֪ʱ䲻࣬˫Ҳûй;ɫ̫ãһһݵأϥȻе쾫һһĳȡеľԼڡ
оʿĺô󵽲˼顪ȻһʿһֻһоȻȴǵУ洦
˫зΧڵʿľ֮壬˫֮壬Ȼʮ߰ͣŴͰҲܴﵽƷΪ
֮⣬ܹﵽƷʿ˵Ҳʮˣ˷ųѧԺȥʮŵʿҲڶʮʱͻƵƷѧԺͣɱȼҪ˺üꡣ
˶Ʒ۷Ϊ쾫Ĵ߶ԤϵܽǵΪ߶Ʒ쾫иĶԶǽڵϣͻƵңڣžİ
Ӽɢ˳Ľ⣬Ǵ˫ɢ˳
鶴棬еľ֮أȻǷȱЧѾڸ󸣵֮£ܿģ˾ͬʱоԼѾﵽͻƵıԵٹһͻƷϣƷʵ
ƷƷΪƷԪǻΪһ壬޷ֱ𣬵ƷսˣֻҪһʱ䣬ܹԪ޲κεĺ֢
ǳ壬Ʒʿ±ֻʣһͷ­ֻҪ㹻ʱָҲܹԪ壡
ȻͼֱӱܼĹȫɷɻңҲ޷Ȼġ
ڵԪʼ𽥵ıģͬʱҲʼ˸ֱ仯Ԫ𽥵Ϊһ壬ҲͬһḶ́ܶòƽʿһ׶θȱݣʱҲײϾҶ棬ں̶ܴƵġ
˫ȴûпⷽ棬˶ǶԼòޱŵŮӣοǰһԼġ֡ıòĻҲһ䡣
ԪΪһʱ򣬾ǳɹͻƵƷʱ
ʱ䣬һһĹȥˡ


167 Ʒ벽
ͲķΧ˵ûдģƫһǧͲĸأ츣֮ҲǶҷҵĵط֮ء
Ͷ֮ľ룬ȻҲԶúˣҲǶڶĿطԭ֮һ
ǣҪԽĸޣʮߴǣҲصӰ˷ǰٶȣڿ뿤֮䣬ȻԿٵļݹ⣬һǧǵ˿֮󣬾͵ʵʵİ¶ݹ⣬ӳвжΪеĿϿգŽշ󣬶㶼㲻
ڵ֮󣬷ʼ½أǣԼյľ롣
֪ԽǿǣΣҲͻԽ󡪡ҺǼҲ׵İħ޴ǵģ֮ǰҺǼҲ֪ǻԼħ޴ǣѾȥˣ˵Էɳĸ֣Ѿ·;ˡ
˼꣬ħھӪУ֣˵ӪᱻռȻӪɭϣ缧˵߾ǼҺͺҵĵռɣҪǴЩӻվǱߣһδ֪
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Լںͳ֮ɳʮ֧Сȴ÷˫͵͵Ĵħ·ǺҺǼңҪʮ֧СӶǻӣҲ÷һʱ䡣
ȻҲӲ˶ãڷѾ·ˣȻƷɣѾܹңڵʿһƴ֮ȴϾһ󾳽ĲڷٶϣҲϴһء
أǾһ֮ڵ飬ٹһ죬ͽǵΧƣѲߵԶԶЩ½ܹģͻŸİȫС
˼ŵʱͻȻһʶɽ鶴ڡ
еģһŮӡ
ڵϣȻ˫ԵʣƺǶƺǶľ磬Ѿʽ̤Ʒɵľ磡
ֻһܹεȹƷΪ֮ϣ
Ҳ츳˫ֻһͨӵ𣿲̫󰡣ʣͼˣԵӵûôɣ
ûдŮʶ˻һ߷һ˼š
˿̣еһֵϿաνĪ룬ʿ˵Ҳˣֵ֮£ֻҪԷأǿʿҲѷ
ɵֵıԵڿҪ̤ԵʱͻȻԤ׵ڿͣȻһͬһббķ˳ȥ
һ˲䣬ϿһˮһĹ⻪ں֮˹ȥ
һɭٸ·֮仹ܹʱжϣȻֵֵܳ֡
ĴĻЩħޣǲǴһħ־ҪŪôɭɭģ㲻ǣԸ⵱ɵģһǵһμ
Ǹҭһ£һ
磬û뵽ɴ½ҲŶС磬˲ţҪء
ЦһӲߣȴͬһһ㾫µС˿Уߣһݿʵˡ
ҲΪħ޶ֹɭɭ˵ļһû뵽һƤҡ
Ц˷ɴ½ɢ޷֪λ
˴½ұ񡣡һӵĴ
˴½ұЦĶԷһͬӵŮڡ
ⶼǹ񰡡
ţȴЦ֪λУΪ
ұָͬɽȿ񣬿鲻ѣô˴ǰ£ֻΪ̨ŵˡ
Ǳҷɴ½˷ˣҶĳ͢շְˡܴ
˺ûȻɢޣʲôְҸ˵ÿɶƷΪʵԶ֮ϣûǳ֣ҪЩͷˡұЩջĵ
ȻֻһɢޣϧǣѧԺԺҶʦ빫ֿѣǴ˵ãҲֻ飬ĪҪҴ̫ҾͺáЦ
ãɴ½ϵ˾ǽթ˵ޣԽսΪĪҪСӸˡ
ұԹұһұĴӦһȻ˿һ֮أȴԼж˷ͨĵ·
ЦһҲûٶϻֱȭͷͳŹұ
Ʒ֮ûк˽ֹҲûкңڵʿ֣ƷħޣǺͶԷһܡ
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ұһٲϻ䣬һ֦ͬһĶ̹Уͷŷ
ûмһӡһ̧֣һڿ۳һֻȭͷһȭͽ̹˳ȥ
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ѵһ˲䣬ұһ
ŨľԪֱӱѿγǿҵֱӳ˷ڣ
˫һϣڵԪתһһεĥȥľ֮ȻΪáҲֻܹһ㣬Ȼоʿž޴İ̫Ũҵоӿ룬Ҳ̶ܹȵƻʿԪ
оںˣһԵģ˷Ѱ̾Ϣһ
⣬Ƕǡ
ұɹܹôӰ죬ɴ½ϵʿȻͬ졣
ʵǲʯǲԪɴ½ǵħ޴½ȫԺԴǸáЦ
ʿףôˣõ쾫İ͵øʱﻹ֮أ
ұߵ˵ˣҲܹľΪɾ˵ֻǾǵȫɾɽħƽҲû
ȫɾйŬһȻһ䡣
ұƺϼȥȵˣСӣҪ֪ʲôǵƷʿ֮ľϵԪ𣡡
ŹұĴ֮ڵƬռ䣬еɫ𽥵ı÷⣬ǿľϵԪƬռеܹӳʵǿ˼֣
Ʒ벽ڶսУܹԼΧһΧڣӪԼ˵ս
벽벽ͨ졣
΢ЦſţɫȴѾһ˿΢΢ı仯
ԽԽĶ̹ʼڹұߡħеĶʿսķʽûбȻȴһƶеĵҩһ㣬ƷķԹʹã
ֻҪƬеľ֮ɢȥܹͬķ
ıɣҲһ޴ʿ
ұ˹ҡҡͷҪʱ򣬻㿴ġ
ȻԼǾͲˡ
ŹұһĶ̹˷ŷ˹ϵĶţȴ޷ܼĽŶ̹ϵԶըӰܿͱǿҵľ֮İΧ֮У


168 ǣ
λСӲء
ıը֮ˣұ΢΢̾Ϣһ
ұͷԼҾȻΪҾͲҶɱ𣿲ˣǻȰ˴ߣϵҲˣȻҡڵĶҵܿУȥ֮󣬿ҪúõĽѵһ¡
ұͷ׼ɹ͹ұһͬ뿪ոȴͣסΣϳصɫ
ұתͷȻͿУһҫ۵Ľ⣬˵м伱
ҫ۽ĹһӡͻأĴмԾ˳֮ݺиͽľ֮и֧飡
ұһ֣ڵľ֮ȫ˻Ȼ˾ͬʱڸղŷվĵطһӡ˶ĶڷͷĽɢľ֮ס˷ȫ
һԷʱʼջǲһЩ
ڽ֮£Цɴ˳ڣǿҷɴ½ʿǵֶεʱˣ
䣬ССţʹӷð˳Ȼ乫ұ͹ұ
һƷʿȻͬʱս
ұЦӿҪӲһ
ұȴüͷһȥ
ұƺԼõĻӲֹסԼͷһһöٶȳУȻ˷ӹš
˫ûӴžͻأıը˿һʱ֮䣬ھǾԪײ֮ľҺը
ǿȫɾȫµĽƣʱһȱڵ
㹫ұƷʿҲαըŪ˸ͷŬըɢʱȴַŹһӡѾһͬ˹ұ
һҪ
ұüͷ΢΢ҪӽԼʱһ˫˳ȻڿлһȦһ̣ײǸȦֹһǸͻأʧ
Ųƿռ֮
ȻȻ赭дĽһˣȻĿģȴ
ڹұչγŷ˹ʱ򣬷ԭұͷͻȻͣڿһŤתٶȳŹұ˹
ұ΢΢һ񣬲ȴûһ˿η壬ڸղŵĽУ˫޷Ǵ˸ƽ֣һٶƺЩ㣬Ϊһһ
Ȼһ㣬˫ǰλãѾܽӽµħ޷õĵصˣ
ڹұҪӽʱ򣬷߿ռһŤӰѸٵĳ˷࣡
һɱ֮һǴż͵ľ֮
˫
ؼʱ̣ͬʱ鶴ڳ˳ƷΪ
Էڵʵ͹ұžܴƽ֣Ҫֳʤ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬߻ѾﵽƷΪʿĻڶʱڣܹռݾԵƣ
쳤٣˲ס˹ұ񣬶ڳٵĿ϶֮˫ǹӰ
ŮȻƽʱЩ̣ڴ˿̣ȴչֳޱȵĬ˷ס⧲Ĺұ
ұƷʿȻûз£ȴɻðŨҵӲĵס˼˫Ĺ
Ȼ˫˵ͬʱѾͬһĳ󣬹һӡųصķӲ˹ұı
ұǰһ´ùأѾƷʿܹһԪΪãҲܲˣֻܷǰжһֵ
Լ˫˸ɫһоٻ˹һӡһֻһٶȽһ̺žֲͬԪţ˹ұıϣ
ڷŹұʱ򣬼˫չѸٵħ޵ߣ˫һԲѵħޣֱӾݹ⣬˳ȥ߽Ļš
ұ˵ͼȻȴұǳķӹģŵҪˣұʧȥսԼȥŮӵĻʱʣһԼһ˵Ĺұ񣬻סԷ
ұһҧкĳˡ˵ֻһƷʿƷʿԼõƷΪʲôܴ´࣬ǡ
һܺ͸ƽֵķҲˣ˵ֻƷΪŮģչֳȴƷʵһƷʿеٮٮߣȻҲһ˲ȫѹסƷΪĹұ
΢΢̾һұչΣ˹ұı˫ٶȻһȦٶȲ֪Ķȥˡ
ŲƿռҲ̫ˡʱĶȥˣջ˹һӡЩʵ
Ҳ֪ءڵ治һˣ»ԼĻ뿪ˣСþ
ұָƽЦĵ
û취Ҫֻһˣ취ӮˣˣûаӮֻ취ˡЦ
ЩأλӵˣҪǵΧҲҪһʱ䣬ֻҪٽ㣬ǣӲ
ұ¶˵ЦݣڣҪ͸һͬˣã˵һֵͬ£ֵ೤ʱأ
ֵܵ೤ʱǶ೤ʱɡ
ƯڿУ˹ұúͼ뿪·ϣôֻǲסλһõء
ôţұʡ
šҲ̫УҾеõУͽҵĽ֪ŪĶȥˣħɣ԰˶Ū߰ɣЩСʵ
ħ磬԰ŪߡұЦô˰ɡ
е¡ͷϣҪŪħȥˣҹƻúѿɡ
õļл£㻹ȥ𣿡ұЦ˵ȥħ磬㻹лȥޣʲôħ磬˴½磡
ֶʲôþģҽħħ޴½Ҳֻϰ߶ѡش
ұЦô仰ʱ𣿸磬һϰɡ
ұͷ˫ſĶ̹ٶȳߡ
ұûʲôٶȻվвֻȦܰռַʵ̫ˣ˲ܹ߽ԷսĿɲ
ɴ½ϵķĶӲӲȥԷóսսʿóԶķٻʦȵȣյĿΪˣִ֮Ŀռ䷨о̫
ұĽ÷ֻʱѡΪվһûκζĹұܴһ־
ȻЩΪʲôòɳеһסԼһȥ׷ǣȴɼ˾񡪡סԷ
ңʿ֮Ľ˲ֳʤֻԷΪһӡɢǿҵ֮εĻסй޹סʱ䣬Ҳ͹ˡ
λҿǻǿ뿪ɣȻĻǵĸһλ߶û
ٶӲ˹ұһػһ߷жһЦ
ûءұ˿ɫЩεĵԡֻ취ȥŲǿֶ顣


169 Ų
ԼѾõĳ΢΢̾һ
ħѾʱұȻһֱûֻ֣Ҫ⿿һ㣬͵ں͹ұĶԿг˲СĿ
ұ͹ұңʿܽһԪΪãȻƳȻԶԶûдﵽľ磬Ȼڵ鶴ȴͬӵص㡣
ұ˵ҪԼ̫ţ֮ǰԼνұûиŵ£ŹұҲܹóģҪôʹƣҪôǱȫע²ܹóȻĻұô˵ҲƷʿԼ֣ԼɵԷѾˡ
ȻұȴһֱûжԼĳֹ֤ˣұУ޷¶Լ֡
ֻҪԼСһ㣬޷ܶԷƷʿҪסԼܣ⡣
룬Լܹ÷ϵٶԶҪ죬ȻҲûһ˵ȥסԷˡ
λҴˣϣ´лٽ֡ʵҲûʲôޣҪҽ׶ĻҲԺǽ׵Ц
һ㣬˶ͳ˵ұŵȴ÷뿪
ʮ̹ܳ˹һָԹһӡӲĴӶԷķΧг˳һʿҲֻ̾Ϊֹ
ȶԷһ󾳽磬ȴƵĶԺչֳսѾ߸ʿǵĳʶ
ұûѶԷɱԼһ󾳽ʿǵܹƾеĶ֣ڽʱ쳣Сġ
ڷײΧȦ֮󣬹ұӭȥʼĶԴ򡪡򣬹ұǺܳԿģǵ͵ľϵʿһ㣬ϷһֱýϵԿռһЩơ
类һ͹ЩֵסұҲڵһʽĳ֣
ԭΪұΪ沢ɫȻһ֣֪Լˡ
źɱĹұһ֣ȴչֳ˱ȹұǿĽ
ͬһƮ벻Ȼÿһγ֣ȴ̩ͬɽѹǿѹɱ
һӴͳһССŮһƻУοƲס˺ԶĹұ˶ȻһͬʼֶԸ
һ£ͲˡԸмκһ£ȻʵʿһЩܲסˡ
ǣƣȻһ˾ڽԶĵط÷ҪǷйһӡҹһӡ֮ǰսб쾫õ˼ļǿĻ¹ǵֵ˵ķùһӡܵɻָ𺦡
ֵֵ˼£֪ٴȥԼ϶ֲãǣһᣬöҵĸָǰݸߵħ޸ģڿԼİȫǵһλġ
뵽һ㣬׼ʼԼܴơ˵ļл֮ʱҳյֻҪԷҪ׷Ҳһ׵顣
ԽӽǣôԽȫ
һߵֵŶԷĽһƶԼλãҪԽԽǵķȻԷȴһֱڷһ㣬ÿҪǷƶʱ򣬹ұ񶼻ڽԶľķǸ򣬶ұĽ޷˳Ķ㿪
һεͼǷƶʱ򣬹ұҲͬһһԶ̣ȵľʱ
ʮԷҲ˵䣬ڹұŷʱ򣬷ȻջһֱĹһӡƾұ񹥹ĶȸԼӲģ˴ӡĳ˹ұ
⧲֮£ұһ˫ֻüԼؿڣͱŹһӡصˣػ֮£ұһƬһƮԶʱˣ
˹ұ֮󣬷ڿٶȹһ͵˹ұǰһһö̲žԪţֱֱĴ˹ұ
˵ұĿռŲ֮÷ΪɵĻôüɵľܹ޴ɱšұҲ׵ȥӣֻܷٻرܣ
ҪľЧ
˹ұ˹ұ񣬷ת٣ǵķȥ
һ˲䣬תͷ˿ұ˻ûмʱʱ΢΢һ
תͷȫǰǷĴ㡣
Ȼոתͷʱе·ϣһƬұЦǰ
ڳֵͬʱұ֣ѾǰһԲȦ
ײǸԲȦұƵĴĶ䡣
ҲܴˣһܴԼȻԼ֮⣬ʿ߷ᱻ͵ĶȥҲ֪ϣ㡭ҵؼҵ·ɡ
ŹұأԲȦʧʧ
һֱʱ򣬹ұɫұѸٳ˹Ȼ˹ұһɡ
Сں˰ɣҪ뿪ˣȻĻɴ½ϵңʿһǿ϶߲ˡұ
ұɫЩ԰ףĵ˵ͷҪֹ֪ұҼҴŲɲܹʹõģ˺ܹɹ֮⣬һص㣬ǾŲƵԽ󣬾Խľ޴󡪡ȻħҲôµĺҽԴˣֱÿùұüķŲʿҩҲħѸٵ֯һ֧ǿĴ
ŲƶԷķĻôȽɣұپŲƶ٣ֱӽŲƵû̵ĵطȥҪŲƷһΪɫˡԹұڵʵȫ޷Ҳܳɹһζѡ
ղǷѰܵĻᣬγֲǹұѰųֵĻᡣ
ȻֻƷʿȴƷʿսڵԪƺһ㣬һʼұڲϵǿ˫ԪҪԼ߳һϿ巽ȴԽԽ
ȥ˵ᱻռƣϾڿͳɴ½ĻԹұ˵ҲǺӦ㶫ңڸֲӦҲ˵ᱻСӸܡ
ԣұҲֻðһԣڷӴܵͬʱŲԼŲƵǰȻʹõڶŲ˽ľ֮£㷽Ӧٿ죬Ҳûѣ
۾ǣʱĹұԪˣһͨĴʿȲˡйұߣԲעһ
ãʵûҪġұ̾Ϣһұ͸֧ԪܹʹŲ˵ʧǱҲﲻˣֻܿԼĻָ
ŲˣҲ֪ĵطĶҲûʲôôұ
ұ԰׵¶һ˿΢Цȷʵ֪ȥʲôطԸʵǵ˴½ҲһĬĬŵġҲûһ˴½ǣܹҵ
ұ˵ͷұ⼸仰һĸоˣ˵ˣǻ߰ɡĸֲϣڿûʲôֿ
ұ˵ͷڹұĴ£⣬ѸٵķԶ
뿪ʱ֮һŭ˴ź˵أۺѣѷһҪˣҪʬ


ڶ ħ


170 ֮
ͨұǸȦȦʱûиеκεĲʣʵľȱÿʶڵ鶴ʱ򣬾ͺͨȦȦĸоࡣ
ұľļ㣬÷ûκΰ취ŲұԼʧʱ򣬷̾һԼǳԿˣõľǣֻǱŲƿܵش
ŲƵĵطľħľͻز𣿷е㲻ţ˵ħ磬Ҳ취ȥ취
ͨĿռϵʱ򣬻һ˲ʧʶ̽ҲʧȥЧ鶴췽ҪȻһδ֪ĵطһ˲Ȼûܹ㿪ȴɽڵԪע뵽˹һӡڣεĻס塣
ܹʱʼԼжȷȷķӦ
һִ磬˼޷Ӧٶȣӭ˹صײڹһӡͷųУ÷һ
ţһù磬˷ǰ
ڰĿռ䣬ûйߵĴڣԷֻԼĿΧʯĩȴ׹䣬ڿвϵƯơ
Ŀ磬һռصŰǰһ⻪ʱ򣬾һִ׵磬ء
磬óڵʿǵ磬ףóڵʿɢľף
һƬ׽֮أ
ܹ϶ȷʵǷɴ½κһطҪ֪ǴʶľƷ۷ʿҲûɴ½֮һط
군ĪǵħˣҲ̫Сһ㣬Ҳ̫һ㣬ħޣҲû취ĵطɡ
һ⣬
ĻȷʵǳĶӣƯ򶼷ֲ壬κεطȥһƬޣ羪ףÿһ磬ÿһףܺͳʿȫһ
һ棬ңڵʿҲȥϾ̶һ˲䣬⵽׻ηеײܼĽңڵʿܼʱ뿪ƬĻҲ಻ϵĽ𲽵ɢʧԼԪȻ䡣
ֵطΣհá
ֹһٴθлһ鶴ԼĺôʼչΣ̽˸
ûпռһֺ飬Ϊһǰʱ򣬲֪ǰ浽ʲôȻȴһ㣬Խ£ԽûͷӬһĴҴܣѡһķҲĿĵײҪõöࡣ
һ·Ӳķк׵磬ʼһ˹ȥ֪Ƿȷ֪⴦ռ䵽жôĿ׼һĿ꣬һֱǰͣ
ķк׵һĴ˹һӡϣһӡ˿ͷųǴԪھϵУΪأ÷ɫĹâһһıȴһһıֲʼձŷ塣
ķк׵ʵ̫ܼˣһӡͷųķҪȫҪסһӡı壬ȻĻܼĴ֮£һӡĻҪԼ͸ˣչ˲ĵط
ǰһյĹ֮һоͻ˹һӡķֱӳŷؿڷ˹
ת֮£ûжܣҲû÷ȥֵضӻԼǰٶȣϣǾ⴦ռʱ䡣
ԷĿУиԼš
ƺһؿڳһ˿ڣȻȫԪӿ˿ڻָԭǵеϢӿ뷽֮󣬷ڵĻ֮ԶаУһһĳе仯ΪԴԪУеķ֮ԪҲһ㱻սڣڷСתһȦ֮鶴֮ڡ
ĹҲܹշ֮Ԫ𣿡
һѾ쾫ΪƵƷҪһͷûУȻϵ֮⣬зǷķ֮Ԫ֮ԪҲܹԼͻƵأ
뵽һ㣬һ׵統ͷʱ򣬷˸ָùһӡķſôһ˿׵谭ĴſȱУֱӴ˹
ȻӲͷƤƾ磬۵Ļͷ
һ죬˷ȫͷһĸͬʱ̺׵֮Ҳʼڷߣϵƻ
ͬĵڵԪ룬һյĹ֮׵̺ĵ֮Ԫڷһ֮ٶɢݵ鶴ڡ
Ϸ
ЦһŰҲ˶٣ƺȷʵͦЧء
ҲԼԪ᲻ۿǰôҲû߽磬ɴͣƾķк׵磬ϴ
һбŽ˷Ȧһ׵类Ž˷Ȧ֮֮һһ˷ڣһһĽ鶴졣
ǷϵʿϵʿķǷˣҲܵص˺Ȼڴ˴ХŰŵķ׵磬ȴ֮Ϊķ֮ڽ̺ƻе֮󣬾ķ׾һһεĽ˷ڡ
ÿһ¶÷ܵزһƣԪ޲ΪƷʿǿĻָûиʵԵ˺Ǵʹ࣬ȴٰ֡
ʲôŰȻȴܹ֮ܵһһͨ壬Ȼ鶴֮Ժڣʼ˸ĸ
ĸоϤÿγɹͻƵһƷʱ򣬶ĸȻչֳģ̥һı仯
о֮һ˷֮Ļٶȵĸܵ־ҪͻƵĸо
ʽеʿһ˵ɴ½ʿǵȴػȻһһϸǷӵĻôҪȰһ㷿ӵĿܸȻٽλø
ʱ׵ģǿܵÿһηܾ֮ͻԽʵһֱȫɹΪֹ
ھг·ҲųȥˣһİĻʲôʵ˸Ҫأ
ȻĿռѰҵʵɵЩʼлұҪ˶ԷŲԼҲײһռһ̺֮ķ֮Ŀռ䣬ڷɴ½Ҳ޷ҵ
оͬǣ֮ͺҵұŲƵ⴦ռ䣬÷õ˺ôȻǰܹȥС
ķʼշ֮ʱͬʱŽɷ֮ʽͺʿ֮ͬڽڣȻ鶴УǶһִ
ԼͬʱҲڲϵĴŹһӡоļ룬һӡڱԽصͬʱҲԽļ̣мһЩʣĴԹһӡҲһ
Ŀϥ֮дķӿ˶һƬ֮УƣҲڲϵϵıøӵǿ󣬴˷飬׵ûʣ
Ĵ÷ϵʱԽĳڷҲ֪£ƷȻͻƷȴûƷͣڳһߵĲ
ûвһ㣬ֻڲϵĸԽԽǿ鶴ԽԽ޴ı仯


171 µ
磬ǴĶģ˷磬ת˷磬ȵĽ棬˷磬˶ŵģһ̶ͣϢ
ףǴĶģĦףͣףƶסͬҲ˶ŵģһֹ磬޷׵ġ
ڵ鶴죬Ŀʼ
ӹƽԭƲ׵磬ˮգڷĴ߶֮ĵط׵Ĵʹ֮£˵棬ѭ硣
Ƕŵģŵ磬лġ
ڵ鶴죬лġ
ϥڿеķ۾
׵磬߲ϵŰţȻȴѾܵһ˿һ𶯣ŵ⣬紵죬ȴһ㡣
һӡ֪ʲôʱѾԼķϵŷ֮֮
к׵ƺΡȻļƸ̼ˣܼķк׵˷ϣȴܹ÷ܵκε˺̺ķ֮֮丵βʣڣȻ͵鶴֮ڡ
̧֣ϲŵĵ⣬΢΢Ц
۵һ˲䣬֪ԼѾʽ̤ңڵľ硣
ʮңʿɴ½Ǿ޽еٶȣǴ˵еλȫɾҲڶʮʱͻƵңڣ
ܹоģԼͻһѡ֮ƷֱӴƷͻƷ벽ֱӷԾ˰Ʒ
أգΪ
벽ʿֻܸԼӪӳɫĳֻʿܹӪ˰ڵģԼս
˵֮ǰʿпܱԽսʤĻʮƷʿϳɫܹɱһ벽ʿǾʮһ벽ʿҲĶԿлһʿ
ܹԿʿģֻʿ
ڣһԡ
֮񣬱䣡
ŷһϺȣΧĻ˱仯
˻ķ׵磬ڽʮɷΧʱͱóܹһɷнԼʮ֮ڵʱͿʼɫ𽥵ı˳ȻɫȻƮƮȥ
֮£нʮ֮ڵģǷл׵磬ӱ˱仯ĳûһ˿ɱ
㹥ܼЧҲһġ󣬼ƬĵͷУ޷ӽ壬׷ڽ뷽ʮ֮ڵʱ򣬾ͱת˳
ʿص㣡תĻʱ򣬶Էʿֻϵڷֹ̥˵ֻҪ֮µʿ٣Ҳ޷˵ֺΪʱıԼߵĻ
Цһʼ֮ǰǰķǰһӡǰдѾҪκεķ
ԽԽҵԽԽִ׵磬һ㣬ȻڷľŸոͻƣȹ̣ҪսӦµҪͨʱȹڵľ磬Щȴκε⡣
ڲ֪ǰ˶֮󣬷ҲЩֹˡǶôĽԼҲӦ÷ɳˣοԼǰƷʿٶȱǰӵĿ࣬ôʱ˵Ҫɵعȥˡ
ڼ䣬׵ڲϵĶԷϴ񣬷Ҳ֪Լ˶ٴη׻ͣ˼һµʱ򣬷ͻȻе·һɴԼȥ
һ㶣ܵĽԪעȫҪֵܿģжϳƺҪ˺ҪƳȥһ㡪Ѿݲ˷Ҫųȥһ㣡
һޱ޼ʵĿռ䣬ȻŲٵܣȴڵʵܹ̽ģȻռ䲻ӭԼôԼǲǻᱻͳռأ
Ҫǣ´ȻûжԷ˺ȴǷֵܹģֵҲᱻƶ粻ֵԼ׻һʲô硣
⣬ҲӸӵɡ
ͷɢȥ˵ܵԵøӼ̵Ĺһӡ˻ųȫȻһһĳϷȥ
ûзжã;Լȫƺһ֮У÷øӵĺˡôܹ߽磬ôԼΪʲôûΪռ䲻Ը⣬ԼԶҲ߽磿
֣󣬿ɲһżܹﵽЧǺ鶴ǳƣȫɾֱʡ
ǲ֮ûãǰͳ˹
ڹֵһ˲䣬µĴȻӴ࣬ɼϼ
һ̣ǰ⻪ʢҲ˺ķ
ǰģһƬȫµĴ½
ͶĹ࣬Զɽ塢ƽԭݵء֡
ڿеķͷ˿£ȻͿһ󶴡
һһƬƽԭϵģơӡĴ󶴡ӣԼǴðġ
һܣɫ΢΢ıһ£ΪڿУһ˿ܲ
ڷɴ½ƶĵطҲŨģֻʿܹܺõѣȴҲܹ÷ɴ½ϵƽǿ壬٣Ȼȴһ޷ܵ
ɴ½ϲĵطﲻħ޴½ҲǷɴ½
һ㷢֣÷ȵҲɵһа
аޱȵջûע⵽治ԶһɽУתһȺɽɽ棬һƤӵ񡭡
ŸһʼûڿŵķȻڼ֮˿дķ
̧ͷȥþͿͷ£Ȼ٣Ǵ󶴣
ʧɫȻȥƼ죬ûѾһͷ˶ڣ
׼ܹȥʱ򣬾ͿոײڵķͻȻһ٣Ȼ˱ɸߣ
ô£
ͬʱðôһ䡣
ײȥʱ򣬸оײһŻ壬ֻ벻Ĺһ㣬ֻǰһľ룬ͱһɾ޴ķ˻֮ǰӶڵһޱȾ޴޷ܣȴһ˿˺
ҾͲˣ
аûķҲܶһ˫һ˳ռɵľ룬Ȼͣ壬ٶȸҵĳ
øͣøߡ֮󣬱÷ʮɵķЩͷԵҡҡͷջĵƶ̫ˣΪνȥˣ
ԹʱѾͨһĪȥ˴أܶС֮󣬾ʧȥټҲز˰
һ£Ȼתͷһӣ˪
ʲô񣿡ʡ
ڵϣҲ̧ͷش⴦ԨݣȻǴ񡭡Թ˲֪С񣬾˵Ҳдǰ̽ȴ޷룬ȻҲ޷ǱɵȻǴˣ
һ˽ءֹһײ£ҲһЩҲù䵽ǰվ˵
ǡ񹧾ĻӦһȻѵдƧȥϷԶҵȺ֮£ɷǰȥСס죬ҲҵȺúõ̷񡣡
룬Ҳ֪ʲôطȥ˽һ£Ҳʲô⣬ǵ˵ͷУǰ·


172 
ţһߣһܸ˵ıԼ֡һ֣ͨƽ
Ⱥ˶Ҳ޶˴ˮݷ֮أҵڴ˴
ƽĻ˵ͷˮݶӣһڷɴ½ϵǺܺḻĶˮݷ֮ҲûҪǨ
˵˵һЩϸڵ⣬ʹƽ׳ΪʲôẰԼ񡱡
⻹֪СԼɣľʿǵĳƺ
ǴӣǺεȵط
ô֪Ǵӣ˵ǰûеģֻ֮ǰͻȻкܶĴȥ̽ЩСܹ룬ǽ֮ʧˣҲزǾǺһڶھͻᱻͽȥҸղſûܹȥ֪Ǵƽش
һ°
΢΢ĵ˵ͷ⵹ЩϣҲ֮ǰԼҵ׵ϮƷ֮µʿͷˣϾÿһƷʿȫһôƷʿҲԴԴ϶Ľ֮
ƷĽҲɥԼҲƷΪȥͻ֮ͳġֵܹٴνŻᱻͳ
ַôϤ֮ǰԼõȫɾеʱǸƣҲֻǸ棬ԼֻҪֲֵͬķ͹ˣΣȴҪη֮ϴ
һ·̸̸˵˵ƽ˸߲ҵĽԼľΪֻǧ˵ζ˵طһȥһ޼ʵӪʣȻһ˼еľ
ҪǷڹŴĵϣһҲһ൱ǿĲˡ˼š
һ·ߵӪ֮⣬ƽĽ˼䣬ӿ˳
λǴ񣡴ۿҪ嵽Ԩȥȴһֱ岻ȥأ
ƽĺǰҲ׷¶˾Ⱥͳݵɫɨһۣͷ˴󲿷ֶǸˣû׳󲿷˶ǳȥˡ
һߴ˳ȻȥҲȴб˪֮ɫĴͷġ
ǰһ֮ǰƽһͶصĴ񣬸ҵʵҵȵĸС϶ۣ񡣡
ض񡣡ĵЩ񿴵Լ÷Щ̫ӦϾڷɴ½ϣȻʿ߸ϣȴᱻƽĤݡ
۹վȻ󽫷ӪأܿģǴӪ˳뷽Ȼʼ
ܿģˮʳľ͵˷ǰȻʿҲǲ˼̻𣬱ϾǰϰߣһֱκζӰ죬ȴҲǱȽϰʳġ
ŷݰӣһȺ¶ϲɫƺԷϳǵʳеǳĸˡ
ȻڵͷԣʶȴȺıȫ۲쵽ˣǲȺƴӵĴػģʳ¶֮ĵͼŶΣ֮̽£ʳȻųطʳطһȻȺԼԵʳ͸ģûʲô
ԷͰĵĿʼʳҲռ˶ԷıˣȺ޷Ƿ˶ѣԼŵĴǿ嵤һһţԲٷˡ
ڷһ֮۹ĹˣΰĴ񰡣΢Ƭˮݷ֮ǲҵ˼£ȴǰţкҵɢޣܹǣ
ŻȻԭԼڷɴ½ϵǼ֣ʿܵķߣЩֻʿĽܲкƽ񣬶˴ȻҪƽԼ𣿾ˣҲһͷһƷϮİ
ʱԶͻȻĺŽ
ɫһֵǣ޲𣡡
ǵģ峤ֵǵʾǰ׼ģƽײײ˹ĺ
۷ӪڵǶѾʼ˶һ฾׷׵ܽԼӪʣȻ󿸳һһģʼװ
һ۵֮£ߵӪһɹǿҵƴð˳
ЩԾĿЩһۣԭЩӡͨˣͷɴ½Щƽ࣬Ȼʱȴչֳʿƣ
ͬʱע⵽Ⱥûųܼͣվúܿ
һţıԼһͷܵӰҲٶͨ쾳ʿĵز
۵ĴҲͬʱһͬĳ˸Ұ޵ӰǵƣҲΪˮ׼
ѹ֣Ҿ˵ȺȻɧţôܹô죬ǻһԱ֮ġ
ͷȻ̧ͷ
һСԶΧһͷʵڶƷҵޣɣŸָҰ޵ӰڵʵڷĶԿͷ޵˻ÿһλצʮԶԶĻɳȥȴûһܵģڿսݡ
ֵܣ
۴
Χеһ⺷һͷӥӰӦһȻɵµ˻Ув񱻻УʮȻأȻȴɷ̧Ҫȥסͷޡ
ҡҡͷ⴦ط뺷źͷɴ½ȫͬ淽ʽóЩƽʱҲͨˣȻ֪ʲôطҰ޻սǾҪκһͷƷޣḶصĴۣ
Ȼ˱˵ĶȻӲܣ֮ǰû۲һ£ȺѾ޵׷֮¿˻ɥôţҲȥ
ϵľֺһڣȻ壬ʧˡ
һֵ̳ʱѾǰ
޸ոճһȺѾصӳצͳצ֮ǰ
һ̣޾ͺȻķ֣ԼȫѾ޷κεĶ
ϾֺһھƣȻЦ㡭ȥɣ±Ͷ̥
˵֮󣬷֣һָͷĵ޵Ķͷ֮ϡ
ףͻȻһͣȻǾ㵵Уķɻң
һָ֮ݻޣѪҺһָ֮£ҲΪ˻ҽ
ɥһ˲䣬֮һ˿Ѫӿ֣һ̣Ͷ˷ڡ
һ˿Ѫڽ뷽֮ѸٵľתΪԪȻͷڵԪΪһ壬Ҳֱ˴ˡ
Ȼĺôѵʿ𣿱Ͼ֮ûκε
ûûȻڻɱͷ֮󣬾һѪڣΪڵԪȻڵķ˵һ˿Ԫ΢ֻǶƷʿĻһ˿ԪԶڷɴ½һģ
룬ȻΧĿɿڴĿŷȻڵĴȳŷеһͬĶԷߵס
̫ˣ
һ֣ȻȻȥҷûء


173 ǿ
صӪ֮ǽһָͷȫδܹԸ޵ķӵԵĳ
÷ص֮ǰλϣۺλӢٶݹˣİ˰֣˱һЩ
лѯʣۺӢȻ֪޲޲䱾нʮ˵ģһǰǨӵ˴˴ȻجҲ֮ʼм޵ѵ㣬ľͳϮǣҲˣǵ˿Ѿ˲״ɼһߡ
Ե޵ı£Ⱥ׳Сʹõġ޻ꡱ֮
츳ĺӣСʱͻɱһͷޣȻԼ֮ǰĻںͨƽӵڵΪȻȻҲҪ۵ģǾں޻ˣһҲܹﵽʵҲκε
Ȼһӵ޻սʿҲѺ޶ԿϾһսʿһܹԸһͨ쾳սʿܹԸһͷһƷޣֻԱ֮ѡ
ܱһƽģǵصʿ
ҲǿеġС񡱡񡱺͡ǡ
ɱޣǴ˴ʿķԼеʿ£ѰԼɱޡǶԣҲһ
лҵǴ֣ǲҪʧһµսʿˡ
۶ԷȻѾ׼ȺӪװܹ˺޵ĹȻһսٸսʿٵģһʧ˽ǧսʿ
Ȼ۷ʱнʮˣȻں޻սʿҲ£ڸѾˣ޵ɧţÿɳǧսʿų಻ԡ
ƽΪʲôܹһ˸ȥΪڻԨΨһһ޲ȥ͵ĵطֻһȥˣˮݲ㣬˾ͻȫѡڻԨˡ
һУЦȻһ٣˵ãҲҪһæˡ˭֪Ⱥ޵ľۼص㣿ǰȥȺնݳ
⻰һ˵еǴϲȻ˵㷽Ѹȫˣʱ仹ǻռݵ̵ģҲܰȵĺúһʱ䣬и˳ɳر˵ģǽȥڷ䣬ˡ
Ӣ⺷վ˳ʾԼԸΪָ·
ӢǲõսʿҲðһΣմ̽˸޳Ѩ·ʵġ۹ĵ
˵ͷȻһץסӢ˺Ԥ׵ķ
ʲô򣿡ʡ
ڿеӢһЩͽţȴɱ侲ָ򡭡
Ļû˵꣬Ѿݹȥ
һյĹ֮󣬷Ķݹڿ˼£Ȼָͣһɽǲǣ
Ӣ˿ΪѵĵҶڵ۲ģҲ
ĴЦҲ˴޵ζԲһ㣬ڿˡ͸ңֻҪޣûǲɱģ
ûУӢϵĵҵȲڣʿֻ֮࣡ҵնɱҲûоȥȫĽЩޣ˾ɱܲдġ
Ǿˡ
΢΢ЦȻ֡
ţ֣ѹȥ
ӢĿɽ壬Ӳİʮɣһ֮ɽѹƽˣ
ɽڣ֮ǰİŭѪҺӿ˵棬һһͷ߹ɣǰ֫׳Ƭͻӵ˳ֱڿеķ
ףȻһ֮û
ֹһ䣬ӢãǿͷͻȻڵĳȴ˿ڣʱѪ˵ϣȻҲص˺
һ˲䣬ͷͻʧȥŷһָһͶͻĶͷ
ŷͱ۾ʶ̽һ۾Цˣ˼Ѿȫޣʲôط
Ͷ֮׵Ľ˴˴ޣӢǶԷݵͶأ˷Ļæһ֮󣬾ָһ
ȻҲûʾģֱӾݹȻǸ˹ȥҲҪʾַֻҪ·ޣȻܹõ
ֻ˰Ĺ򣬷崦޳ѨЩطʵһƷңǿҲƷڷһңڸֵѹ֮£Ǻ޵ֿ֮
ÿɱһͷޣԼѪ뷽ڣȻתΪ˾ԪԽǿޣתԪԽࡣ
Ǵ˴ʿʽʿսϿ쳣ķḻˣѹֺħ޽ֵʱǵս鶼ǳķḻҳֺĻжġ
ڲȷ˴˴ħ޴½Ҳǹұǿе˴½ΪЩϸڣΪԪ֮ҲʼЩħһ㣬Ĵһ˿Ѫ⡪ħǵص㡣
Լصɴ½֮Ϊһʿǽ𣬴˰ЩԪ͵鶴ˣӣҲʺ죬ٲᱻħΪ
Ӣ֪֪޶ѾԼһ֮󣬷ӢɻӪأӢԼĸ֮񷢳ԵĻ
ڻ۴ͷŲ¸صĳϣһһƤڴŷ˹
𾴵Ĵ񣬸лΪǲնɱޣǲûʲôֵǮĲƲ˵ЩԴһã£ĪҪ̫ͺá
ЦЦնԷĶȻڿԷŵƤڴ͸¶Ĺâʱı⡣
Ƥڴÿڴװŵģһо
ľһֿˮȻûиͱȻĶֻҪûطɴ½ǾǺҪĶˣԼеҪоİ档
ﻹħ磬һͨĲ䣬ó쾫ԼҪһʱ䣬Ūöоɡ
ĻԼǲǺһǺħ޹أǲһģħǼķɴ½ϵĸֿʯҩȥԼȴȻǹħˣ
İοһԼ룬ȻҲǵĶһƬТĵķϣˡһҩ˷ܹ֮ǿ壬Ҳ֪жˣʮǿŷ˰ɡ
˵֮󣬷׳һŰ׻Ľ嵤ͻλǵ۾
ǻȸԾţڼͷ˵İ֮һһŽ嵤ʱ򣬷Ƥڴ쾫СķŽԼĴǴ̰ʮоԼеһݣ˫һһݣ˹һӡϻʣоһݣǴص֮ڵ÷פԲʯøǿģֻܵȻصɴ½֮˵ˡ
ڷ׷׷˽嵤֮Ǹǿ彡еսʿϵȻˣϲ֮¸ǰѷһҲ֪ӦõĶȥɴҲס˽һ磬Ѱһȥķ


174 Ԯ
һۣס죬䶼˸͸ʵǿֻЩҲûзҲ֪ЩȥģԼʲôҵġ
Ƭ½ϸ˵κιͳΣ½ִССĲɵģǷţάƣνĹֻĲѡ
˴滷ȷɴ½֪˶ٱûصĳú٣ֻɽҰҰݷ賤ֻܿΪˮݶӵʽ޷Լ޷ɴ½ʿΪӰεĸĳ
ǿе֪ģʿȻ٣ȴԶԶûɴ½ô˵ĵزЩʿնɱԼʵ;ȴҲֻĴѰԼնɱޣһûʿʱϵĻǶסƽͻܲҾö֮⴦½˿ڣһֱûܹչ
ЩķǺǿģеıȽ˵ģնɱΪԼ޻սʿʵԺƷʿᲢֻۣ޷ԼʵѣЧҵĲ䣬ҲһƬĲ֮˵ʮ򣬸ܹԸһƷ޵Ĵڣʿǵʵ޷ﵽĵطǿЩά
ֻ۵Ĳ䣬ɳʿǰȥԮʱ򣬲֪ξٲҲ˴鷳
ξٴ˵Ĳ䣬һƬǿĲ䣬һ֧˵ױӣȫܹƷСԿǿսʿܹƷСԿսʿҲ֮࣬ǲǿӢսʿжʮˣʵһԶԶ޷ǶԿȻҲ֪ǲ겻ͷޱǿ޳ǵУ˵һս֮£ױȫûξٲ𷴻ĻξٲҪˣ£ǵİȫء
˵ʱ򣬲ϵҡͷ̾Ϣ֮ѣξٲ˵ĻôǵӣҲùܹܵһǿչ˻Ǻ£ûеõǿĺ̨ĻյĻ£Ҳ֪仹ֶܹá
۾ȴڲֻһС䣬ܹܹõİҲ࣬ԼܹξٲõͬӵĻô飬ƺͼ򵥵öˡ
ξٲĶվȻʵ
ϲüҵĵĪ׼
ǵģҪȥͷޣжף
ʱ֮Ϊ·Ӣָ£ξٲӪǰ
ڿи֪ξٲ˶ʧһ˿ڳĲ䣬ռعеӪԵߡ
Ӣݣ֮ǰξٲĴǿսʿأ峤Ӫʣ̽Ķӣ֮£˵ĹʣԶĲ䶼ǰЧ
ȻڣԭܼӪʵأĴɼڵĺۼӪսܲڷӪм䣬ͷָգʱڷ
ӢӪеʱӪ˷Ӧʮͬʱŭ˴׳
Хţ׼ȷ˷ڿз
΢΢ͷȻֻǷȴŲÿ֧ҪһڵʿˣȻ΢ʮͬʱʩһĿʱ򣬾ǴڵʿҲѹ
ѹױ¾ɾ£ξٲܹסԼӪʣҲŲ׵ʵġ
ԷȻɲκεѹҲҪչԼʵûжܡ
Ȼܹڷɵǰߴʱ򣬾͹ֹͣˣżͷҫ⣬ע⵽ƺҲͿһЩ
ǿĵ˵ʱ´ƣҲָܻİ취ǿɱ
ۿʮ֧ͣ˿УӪڵξٲսʿǿʼĺսʿǵת˷׼˿еķ
Ӣ׼󺰡ǵĴ񡱵ʱǧͬʱ뿪ͬһֱ
ܼļ꣬յ˷ֻ΢΢һЦȻͷ׷׵ڿҪӽʱֹͣסԼǰͷ˿С
ˣ˧
ȫӲע֮£Լ֣Ȼڿ΢΢ŤƵתڿеҲȫĵת˼ͷ׼Ӫڡ
ð㣬ƹǰɣӢŵĵ
ţȻĻһ¸첲ǧ֧ͱʱʮٶȷ˻ȥ
սʿӦͷѾԼǰ
սʿǱĿʱȴûиоļͷԼüģеĽŽɵ۾ȴԼǰ
Ĵ飡
һһ˵㻪һѴӵ˴мӪײײ˳ûӽͨ͡һİ
źһȻһӴ䣬ԭǧսʿǰ䵽˵֮ϡ
һվĶԷ٣ξٲоˣҵ̷񣡡
ͷȻӢӿз
ǰڲͣһЩ鷳صǰûаϵĵطΪζҪϮң
ĻЩ˼ٴεĹݹ֣ʵͷÿվɧţ뷢ҵȫ޷ֵµĶϰ߿ڿоͷرͷ°񣡵˴ҵ
Ȼ³Ǿ˰ɡһ֣ɣվ˵
ǡ
߹վվһԡ
Ǻˣ
ҽдɵ֪С϶ξξһ峤߼Ļش
峤ҿʵһͨսʿȲϰЩֵһ䣬֮ǰȻʹˣʵȴڲǿģֻӢܺȣξʵЩЦˡ
ξһĵС϶ţȴҲܺƷԿʵȻһգǶȻϮ
ԱһҲͬĵ峤ʿǷ¾Ÿǲǵʱ䣬Ȼʿʧ峤Ҳˣ޻걻飬Ϊɥ
ԭˡ
ͷ˴ˣҲ֪˶Щʿ˵޻صĶǵʵȫ޻꣬޻飬ǵʵͻ˻ͨ˵ľ磬Ҳ޷͵ڶ޻ںϡ
źҲû취ʵָԣֻܰɵͷޣǵĲܹȫһЩĵ
֣ܳʵ֮ң
ξһȺξٲĳͬʱݵ˷ǰξٲҲһЩϲĶԸҵԸȫ׸񣡡
ͷʲôģǵһ˵աڲס˼죬ҲǽһЩԵڲʱܹȥһ£Ƕҵıˡĵ
Ҳӣڲҵȵѣ֮ǰΪҵԹ˲Ͼû˳ȥȻҵӦ֮¡ξ񹧾Ļش
ĵ˵ͷȻЦڣǿԸңֻĳѨʲôˡ
Ȼһ䣺ֻҪҷͺá


175 Ե
ǧѱߣƷ飬ܹɱξֻڶʮξ޻ʿַΧ֮²ȥ£֤˫Хܷ֮׵ߣҲƷˮ׼˵߰ƷΪ
ڷ޾ԲĶ֡ڵʵǷɴ½ϵǣҲδػĶ֣
øķΪѾﵽ˰Ʒĸɫɴ½ܹ޷ǾЩھƷ۷ϵʿǡ
ֻҪǳԽݵĴڣǿޣǰ̫в
ǧѱߵĳѨξٲӪķ򣬳һʱ֮󣬷֣ħ޴½ռأҲǹޱߵģĵطĴߵĲ䣬ѹħ޴½ʿҲ޷׵ıЩƽǡ
ȻҲоˣͷɴ½˵ģ̫һ
ɴ½ϴ˵ħ޴½һѪȶҵĵطʿ飬ʵǿĶȡ˵ΪʿǵĽ𵤻ԪӤħõĲƷħ޴½ƽħǵ
֪ǲħǵĲƷѧԺǸħޣȷıʿĽ𵤶õ̬ȣȻ֮ʼоʿǲҪͨȡ˽𵤻ԪӤʵģնɱ޾ܹԼʵħ޴½ϵƽҲܵʿӻģֻûɴ½ôĺãشΪԴȱ޷ôĵطɡ
ħ޴½Ļȷɴ½ȷʵҪ˺ܶ࣬ûʹòзɴ½˵ʿȻûʿħִӺδȥӶԪӤ׳ԼҲԶﴫɡ
һķɴ½ʿô뷨Ͼڷɴ½е˵ǴСħаĹ³ģʵڴԽʱǾѾȫĳˣκ飬ԼĿǡ
úúõ̽һ
ڵǲ̫żȥˣҲ˼죬ԼʧˣʱڵҲʲô顣
һ·УŵϵɽֵϲеĵطŷˮݣеĵطĮһƬеĵطˮݷïѹЩҪʱĸıԼסĵص㡪ͷɴ½ϵ𣬾ЩйʱԭĲ
ʶһֱ̽ţһ·Ҳɵ˲ƷȽϵ͵ޣЩƽʱǰͬȻһޣ󲿷ڻûвʲôʱ򣬾ͱϢĸɱˣһ·ûвܹвʿϢ
һֱڷǧľ֮󣬷ʼܵǿϢԣǸξٲɾ޴ʧߡ
ֻչֳϢžƷ޵ϢϢ֮⣬÷ЩϤϢ
Ǻ͹ұòϢŨѪȴȹұԵҪࡣ
ұöңڵʿϢžͺƷʿ࣬ԶԶûдﵽڵĶ塣
е˼ħ޴½ϵʿ𣿡
΢΢ЦȻԼĶȻĳĹϢط˹ȥ
ϥһƬƶ֮ϣĴս
ħޣһһŮǵսʽ͹ұЩӣǲϵٻһԷչеٻһöһöĶ̽ŮٻһһĶ̵ٻָ֮Ŷ̽߶̵ǧѱ߷ȥײԷϵʱ򣬲ҵıըɱ
ÿαը֮󣬶вĸ˻صʿڣʿϵװĶ̵̽в
ԭġû㹻õĿʯ취ͨľ쾫֣ڷը֮쾫ܹΪԼáȻֻҪ취κⶼܹġ
ĵͷȱ취ĲϣԼûԪ£һԵķʽҲһַǳѡ񣬲Ҳħ޴½оֶܶ࣬ǲܹķҪûдо֧ŵĻҲõġ
ֻûûгɫĿʯûоħƾʲôͷɴ½ϵʿԿһܹǻԼصġ
ڷ˼ʱ·ħŮȴеֲ֧סˡ
ǵƷǧѱҪͱȽǿÿαըҲҪģڶһʱ֮װ̵̽ٶԽԽǧѱȴûܵش
һһĽӽħޣȵȫӽ֮ħռ䶼ӵУδǧѱߵļл
ħʱǰûڡ֪ͲսǧѱˣΪƾԼ㾭һսҲлɱƷ޵ģ˭֪ǧѱ߲ɱǿ󣬶ҽթ䣬ƤڣܶʱԸӲԼһҲϵƽԼΧһط޷ȵΧȦСʱԼþȫ޼ƿʩˡ
ͷҲ֪ʲôвɽ׷СҧĻ˵ᱻСĥСһΣˡ
ЩţȻԼʮѣŮȻᣬȥҲжʮͷȴгСһ
ԤƵõǲһʱ֮ǧѱѾԼӴεΧסħޣûκεĻռ䣡
ħ޷Ķ̽Ͷ̵ԽļˣǧѱߴۼѣѪĽȻǧѱȴûб˺ˣǵʯƾħ޵ĽԼһһ˿ڡ
ͷѾۣɫ˲̵Ĺâ
Ҳ̫ˣڶû¶ߴҪҪˣ
ħһȻĻıĿŮħҲǳ̾һ§סֳȴűǧѱɵһ̡
ڣѾûκεĻᣬǧѱѾȫǣľ£ǧѱߵʵֻҪһҧɢ
Ȼ˱Ŀʱһº͵
ԭСҪι벻ɵߣĻҾԼɵ˰
Ȼħͬʱ۾ȻǾͳԾĿ޼ƿʩǧѱߣڴ˿Ե˵Ƿŭţţȴɱס˲ӣ˿У
ֻһˡȻſ˫֣˫ֻһ˫֣סǧѱߵĲӣ΢΢һǧѱ߾ͱһȫյһϢ
ħ޴ϲͶſеķݵлǰȣ˾ܣ˾飩ǰ
ôǸաֹһȴȽھͲҪˡͷɡ
˵ϣǧѱߵ˵ǰ΢΢һǧѱߵ㡪ߴͱ¶˵ǰ
ܵǰԮ֣Ѿҵȵĸˣλ̰֮ɱ󡣡
˾Щ۲Ŀ˿ߵߴ磬ȴɹĵ
Ů˾Ҳͬı֣ȻǣɱƷޣĺôȻȴԼӦø顣
ʼŮˣЦݵöԣɱ̫洦ȴԶżİ͵ҺͶȽԵɡ


176 רų
˾ҵʿǧлĻɱǧѱߡţ㱩¶ǧѱߣʿ׵ĻɱˣƷޱɱŨѪ÷ܹоڱ˾ܺ˾սȥ֮˵ͬʱһζȻҪͻƵıԵ
ƷͻƵƷϣյó
£׼ͻưɣȻܹײʱҲԵΪȻ˰Ц
ȻѾ˵ˣ˾ҲûنʲôֱӾϥȫη
ֻǾԼûҪŷԷչֳʵҪŪǼһ飬ųͻƵʱϮô
˿ʼڵԪӤ׳׳ܹںһʱ򣬲Ǵ󹦸ɣҪһβ̵ʱ䣬ƽʱͻƵʱڸȫĵطϾͻеħޣҲ׳Ϊ޵Ŀʳ
ȻһλʿԱ߻ǻʲôõĵģ
ȫûκιǵͷų˴ϢϢʿ˵ûʲôȻȴԴ˴쳣
ϥڿУͷ쾫ϢŵķͻȻ۾Զ޵Ϣӿ٣ʵߵͲһ
üͷеĹؼɵÿЦ
Լħ޴½
˺ܺϷθڣҲɱһЩޣ˳ɹĶȹؿڡ
ԶĵƽϣѾʮͷһƷƷʵޣŵеϢ֮Ǽ͵Ըַʽɱⵯָһͷͷ޾ͷ­ѿ·ϡ
Ȼ˴޺ͷɴ½ϵһ㣬ûʲôǣֻ£ħͻƵʱͷųϢ쳣ޣħ޼˵ÿμͻƣǶǼеͼӵĺûᣬΪܹΧȫ
Է˵ҲһɱЩ޻õԪȻ࣬ȴҲֲ⼸ġ
ʱţµҲԽĶ࣬ƷҲԽԽߣ˵زħ޾ۼĵطɢرĶ࣬ɱķ˹һӡɽ䣬Բʮڵޣ˲䱻¾һգ
ȻԶԴԴϵ޲Ҫһӿ׼ִɱüͷͻȻһ壬ջ˹һӡָɱ
·˾ͬʱչ𣬹Ц
ǰ࣬ô򷢼ɣ˾ܴ󺰵˿ƱǣȻѾͻƵƷ˿̵ٶȶǧѱߵĻҲᴦ·硣
΢΢һЦ֣ͣ˾óɹͻƣ޵ϢҲʧãȻĴ˿һϡ
ʵ˾úܿ콫ûüӴܵȫɱĻص˷ߡ
ǰմ˾ܹʵ
ħ޴½ô죬ĵһожô֣ˣ˵Ĺ񣬺Ǳɴ½ѵ໥ʽԵЩײҪ֪ľƷʿҲûʲôӣһոѧѧԱҲҪôĹ
ѸתתȻشϷնһ֡
˴Ī˫Է˳Լһ֣Ƚס
˾ЩãȻҲǴӵˣԴ½ϵҲȽȴƺû˵նġ
Աߵ˾ȴ۾һ£ԷʩһĪԶĺ᣿
ôһѣ˾ҲˣϵıøӵĹԭǰǰû˴½ˣ
ֹһ£û뵽Լһֻᣬã
˵ͷڳһȻӣˡϷļˣͲᣬϷ򵥶꣬ԾѾﵽһޣԳ߶߶û죬ǾڲȻξٲ־ǣϷרųһ㡣
Ҳǰլʺ񡣡˾ܹĵ֪ǰ˴γɽΪ
ҲûʲôرĿ꣬ϷǱ̫ã֪ΣֻĹ䣬ܹܲеõʲôͻƵ۷״̬ش
ǰзȤҼһУҼҲǶ֮һػǰǰоãҲҪúõллǰġ˾Ц
Ҳ˵ͷҴ˴ǰξٲУɱǧѱߵģȥ֮ǰҵûһξٲѾȥɧˡ
ȻѹǰͻȻ˾ܸ̾
֮ԵˣҾ˼ȥڲȻȥξٲ޷ǰԮˡЦ
·ʹ˾ûصξٲǧѱѾɱʱξٲ׶
ξǺеĳ˶ʮ쾫׸ˣ˾Ҳûú棬˴ʿɱ֮յˣϾ쾫Ȼ˴½кܶ࣬ȴɢڹޱߵĴ½ϣʿɱʱ䶼ʱȥѰңЩѰҵ쾫Ҳûʲôô׸ǵʿ˴½ϵĹ
䶼ˮݶӣڶ࣬ʱֻҪעһ£ҵٵ쾫Ҳ˴½ϵһַˡ
ξٲǿסһ֮󣬷͸ξٲ˾һͬ˶˾ҵפء
뿪֮ǰ˾طѡξٲĺӴߣԴξٲ¶ޱȵĻϲ
·֪˴½ļʵϲֻ࣬˾˾ͽ˾ⱻΪ˾壬ʿȻҲܽͨ飬ȴܹڸѰʵĶͯز֮ΪǳɹΪµʿ
ĶͯҪյģȴ֪Լǳʲô䣬ɳ֮ȻԼĲչˣ˾ܺ˾ãǳһذϵĲ䣬ǵıҲذϣΪذϲʿһطذϲҲǷչú
˾õĽͣҲ̾Ϣһϵͷɴ½ȫͬȴ˴½ϵص㣬ҲӦ÷ʽ
˾ĵ̣ǹұϳΪļĵط˴½Ҳħ޴½ϸ˵ֻɵļ塣
ֻ֮ǰ˾ֻС壬ʱͳ˴½ģǶźϹǿļ壬Ȼںͷɴ½ҵǳս֮󣬶źϹҸ˴ʿҲҲ˾
սôģ
˾ãԼͬһ⡣
Ȼ˾ܺ˾ˣ֮ǰսǶ֪Ҷ˵ֻжĹҵĴ˲Ż֪Ҳ֪𣿡
֪ԴӶµʱ𣬾һ̾Ϣʵϣ֮ǰҶ֪ϣ˻Ի͵Ĺȥ
˾ÿʼæİο˵ϣ÷Щ˼
ĵİοҵĲءչֳ˸ص㣬һԺˡֽĺˡ
ַһʱ䣬һΰĳǳأ˵ǰ
ˣ˾ҵĺڵء˾ܴŽ˵


177 
ܶΰǳءȻʶ̫㣬Ȼ뿪ѧԺʱĴҲٷɴ½ϵ۳ǡ
˵ķңھѾռǽߴʮɣģĳǳأڵʷϼǾ޽еģЩǡΣΰնƶȣǷԲɴǽɸߴʮɣͼƣηԲǧǽߴʮɣͼƣŹͲԲǧǽߴһɣ½۳֮һ
Ȼ˿̼ģȴһȫͬĳǳء
ĳǳأǽɲģжߵĳǽķΧζܹöĽշ󣬶ڼ˵ýշҲͬȨһʵһˣٷǳصĽշӵʿǵǳԽ󣬳ǽԽߣǳصķԽǿ
ϾýշͬʱҲܹǿɱ¾ЩǿԵӵģԽ࣬ɱԽ
ǳأȴûΰĳǽǽûУȴǶһΣһΣУݺύĴܹܵշĲȴҲĴеģͬĶһ飬һ顭
ڿйĦеʱ򣬷һʼǾЩмΪȻΪԴѷ˾ҵĺڵû͵ĽշûнշܲڳǽϵĽ䣬ٸߴĳǽʿ˵ҲһѶѡ
Ȼڹ۲һ֮󣬷ͿʼЩľˡ
ϿȻԺģһдϮͿʼЩΪʲô˾ҵפػӵġ
ÿ໥ӣʵͨȴֻӣֲĴСͽշȴЩܹеĵҲĳЩʱڵϣÿת䡢ͨĵطڸʿϢķڷиεͨЩͨƵķʩʿԷӳǿ
Ժģһ޴龰Ȼ֣һռعսϣһԤ׼ĻÿһϢķ󣬶һɱĺõطʲôʵʿĵطܹչֳ޴ɱ
ܹϢķ⴦ϣֺֹа֮
˾ͻƵʱŷ޴һսжôľ
ֻҪҪͻƣڱ޼ɵͷųԼϢǰ׼˾ʿڽ֮󣬿԰¾ЩԼɱޣٶ޷ɢ⴦УҲһ޻صˡ
ֻѡԼܻɱ֣£ÿΣյļʿͻƵʱ򣬾ĵͼӵĺûᣡ
ܹľתʵˣţ
ŷһֱ۲˾ܺ˾Ҳû赲Ա΢Ц
һһÿιͻƣʵһûᣡ
ǰȻ棡ˣ˴˵Ҽҵפأ˵Ƿ󷨣Ҽפأڵϣڵ¡˾ܹĻش
ÿɷĵ˵ͷ˾֮һֻܹڵ»˴˴½滷ҲȷʵǷǳˡ
һ룬Щ벻ˣ⼸ħޣΪеߣǰ񣬰ƽɱޣƽеӵܣȻǸգȴ֪ǳĸ䣬ѧ֮ǻ䣬һƽ㲻Ǵʴ壬ҲһĺˣΪһȺˣȴᱻΪħޣ
ӻ֮µħޣȴȥɴ½ϸ꣬ͼ߸ʿǵͳΣֻΪ˻ռ
Ȼ˵֮Ľ֣ûԣǰκα޳ֶܵζΪȻЩ˾ˣûȥɴ½䣬취ɱҪҺѧԺ֮ìܡ
Էٹעһ¡
ڷɴ½ϵʱ򣬷ûֻ̫࣬ΪԼ棬Ϊ˼ĳΪȺֵܵǰ;ڶȥŬλøԴħޣֻһȺҪҡļһԷվڶҪ
ڴɱʱʵϵĿǼ㣬͸÷̣ȻʱͷûʲôϵڼѾͷĸ飬ȻĮǲ˭ԼӵˣǾԲ̣ȺħޣԻǷĴ
֪֮飬ʼɻˣ͸ִűԼжϡ
뵽Īﲢħ޴½һ½ܽˣȻԼû˵ħ޴½֮⻹Ĵ½˭֪ûأ
˼ʱ˾ֵʻǰôˣ
Ŷû¡ѹʶҡҡͷȻ¶һ˿ݣϷʵȻҲ֪Ǽ壬ڵǺ޼ң޸֮ƼһʱãչҪóࡣ
˾ҡҡͷǰһ˶УȻįҲмѣ˾ڹȻ򣬿ȴɲʢοϵҵΧͺãȻ۷ԲȨ˺գλȴ໥֮ΪͶĿ˾ңҲδǰԶ󰡡
˾һ磬ԣĪˣҵϵӾУҲ¡
΢΢һЦκһ壬ɲʲô£һȨǿѹȨǶڶݡ
ǰڴЪȥǰǰȥЪϢ˾תͷԷ
á˵ͷ
˾øһȻٵĽ䣬սתתͲˡ
ͬҲ䵽˵棬վսΧȻ֣Ĵۿ
һƬפأǴսӿиӾͿɿһƬս֮⣬ûκε֮ҲûľҲɾˣΧеĲľӰĴɽޱȵĿȫû赲ߡ
ֻҪеôһʱֶܹ׼Ĵ˹۲죬طǳܡ
ȻһۿȥƺκˣȻȴܹԼ˾óֵʱ򣬾ʮڹעǣ˾ѵҲǿѨ硣
ҲӦ֮⣬һ壬޻Ƶ棬İȫע϶ᵽ߼ģʿֲˣųľעָΪ˵ضиǲ̫ܵ飬Ȼһֱ
һӢǰ趨һܹ춼˳תػ˾ҵĻҵ˾ҵʵ˾ܹΪƬ½֮һǽҡ
Ҳ֪ĸ߲жôǿԼڵʵܺ;Ʒ۷ʿȣ˾ңжܹԼԿʿ
ܺԼԿʿҲôʮλ˾ҵĸ߲Ҳ̫ɣôڷɴ½һеģžƷ۷սɢޣҲضǱ£ģһʿһžصλġ
ħ޴½Ҳ᲻ܻӭɣԼһɢޣ˾ҾỳɣҲȡԼ뵽ǵӪɣҲܹϢˣ۷ļ嶼֪Ӧνɴ½Ļô¾һ鷳ˡ
ڷŵʱһƳĺŽ˾ңҪӭˡ


178 ˾ҵ
ĺŽʱԶȺɽҲʼӦͣŽ̺ǿķΧǵǣĺŽʱҲʼƴܣȻĺŽܵ˺Ȼеη壬ȴ֮󣬱ܵĿʼ˱ܣ
ԭĺŽǣһּǿޣԶʱںųƾƷţĹɡ˴ľƷޣͷɴ½ϵһƷģɼޣǰŶôƣ
ƣЩƷޣ޿ɱѹȣȻƷ޹ɵĺŽǣܹģȻĻ˾ҸͲҪκϮֻҪŽǣȻޱף
ʵϣĺŽǣҲֻ˾ҵļڳȻλĳ֣ܹһΣҲʧһԪȻ˾ڵʵԶʱǿ˲٣ȴҲҲûгֹ»ɽնɱƷţ֣ǶԼҪĿˣ˾ҲᴵţĺŽǣչǵ𾴡
ϧǣһϵеȴüϹӿֻǲŽǱضһ챦ģȴ˾ҵһ𾴺ʾá
źŽ˾ҵĻɽһɫĹâɽĵĵطѿһɫĹŴмֳĿУ˷ǰʮɵĵط
ųֵģһȺƷƷʵʿ˹ţȻ࣬ĿбӵĿǰ
ȻֵǰﵽƷΪʿǰӣһһ˷ǰпͬĬ
ֵģˡ
һƮȻ֮ˣһ˾վǶȴͬһƬ֮У˿׽͸
ˣչֳĶǾƷ۷ϵʵչֳϢ˿˺ĺɽ֮£Ȼ˾оص
ڳֵģѾƷʿƷʿԼǧڵʿʵȻԶԶܺͶᲢۣȴҲκһ֮¡
ȻģΪħ޴½֮һûôԵ÷ɴ½ϵʿ̫ˡ
չֳģ϶Ҳ˾ҵȫʵȻĻħ޴½ʵҲ̫һЩ
ƷΪˣǺʿһûݹķɹɫĹ֮ϣһһ߹ģֵչʾ˶Էľ⡣
ڶԷվ֮󣬷ȹ˹֣ɽҰ򶫷񣬼λ
ҲҵȻûг֣ȻƷʵΪƷսȴҲʱܹκһӰģ˶ǾƷ֣Ȼܹܳ
κһƷ֣ǿڼǾ޴ڵзǾ޴в
һ֣ǿܹģƷֿ϶ܴһƷ֣Ǿ֣ҲסԷԷ֮ıҲһǿļ⵽֣֮
ϾκεĶ֣Ҳǵˡͬš塭Щ˿ûжֵıһƷΪУζѾûκλأûзչ
Ƿɴ½ĸûȥЩԭҲ˾ҶԷ˿ԭ
ûԸһֲΪС
ƮȻ˹ֵ˾Ȩ˾Ҽְ֮
翵˹ֵ˾飬Ȩ˾ְ֮
λλȨأȴǰӴϷɽҰʵҵϣʵᣬҲԲΪֻһʮ꣬ʿòʹȣڳϣҲ˲졣
˾ЦĻòΪ֮ǾֵҵǰӭӣοҼеСǾ͸Ӧˡ
ˣҵֻûռ˾Ҳͬ
λСҲԵֺ˵ڹȵȣĳԴӶڶֻ֪Լ֣˾˾Ҳ֪գ˴
ԴǰĽ֮˲ŵ㣬ҲĪҪ˻˵ֶҵĻԻͣҲ¡˾Ȼǿڲű֮±
ǣ붫ҼһУҵȺúõĽӴ˾ԵЩڲһ㣬ϢƮ죬ĺƺʵ˾Ҫǿôһ
˵ͷ秵ĶԻҲ̫ӦȻ˵Ϊ
˾˾ǰ·ʿͬʱΪ񣬷̤˽ɫĹţȻ˽ȥ
һ·ţķ֣ɫĹžȻ߷ģʵƺĳֻеɣȱԴ£ħ辶ʵŪ˲ٻеĳɾ͡
ŷǰɫĹڲϵ𣬶ʿǷɢ˻ɽ󣬿Ǳͨפأֻ˾˾ǰ·
һֱ֮ɽٴιرգ˾ҵפأָԭӡ
ڽ֮󣬷Ŀ˾פصԭò
£Ȼ˾פȴûԵκεСһ£һޱȿĴĵ棬ȴҲȫǵ棬һͨɣͨ࣬ȫǿյģȥԿĵ²㣬ͨݺύصףĴҲ֪ʲôҫĹâ͵Ĺߡ
࣬һֱ£ķ䣬ÿſڶͨȻ˾ҵʿϢĶ
ţΪԼħİ˾ҽפ˵£ϵϻɽڻѹܹΪ֮һĵ½Ȼһһ˾ҵȱھģγΰĽ
˵Ƚΰ׳˾˴ĹģʵҴ۽磡̾Ϣ
ˣҲ˾ǰ·ƣһ·ģĻҵģ
һֱĬԵ˾ͻȻ
ֳ֮ȻҵȺ󱲣Ҳܸǰ˵ĸ֮£취˾ҸӵķС˾Ц
ǷȴҲΪ˾˾ҵĹѵ˾鲻ĵ
ѵֻǲҪħǲҪ취չʵڣҵѾʼˣǲֻںͷ˾ȴһҲ΢Ц
ֺĶ󣬺Ͷħʲô𣡡˾ŭ
ǰǻǲҪΪá˾Ц
޷ϷŸոճɽ´Ҳ˽⣬λ˾ܹΪϢ֮˽󡣡Ц
֣˾ԴԶ֮壬ȱɽɱ˾ǧƽҵֻҪͼΣչʵЩֵĵӣȻֻԽԽֺαǵȶħ֣֮Ϊͼһʱǰ֮˾Է
ЩͿʵ֣νħ֮ˣ
˵֪Ƿ֪˴½ٽģһḻ֮½ô½ԳΪɴ½˾ʵ
ϷžУֻ֪Ƿɴ½֮ϻɽĴڣϷʵۣɽ磬ֺαؿ׷ȻɽнΪɴ½֮ˣΪβ⽫ɽ֮ˣúҲóתһתȻЦ


179 ɺʵ
ȻţȻ֪ɴ½ѹд˲²⡣
˾鵹ǸʵˣĵĽ;ˣҲ½磬ο֮֮ˣҲһ㡣ɽ֮ȻʥƷȻʿȴδܹܵסοҵ֮ˣǳ´ɽ챦ǿʵҲᾳ粻ȣվΪ棬ٺõҲǶҩ
һϯĳéٿ˾صĹֵ
ҵǶһЩʶһȻ׾١˾æһߣܷһ
ˡ˾Ц˵ɴ½ǰƺ˴½йʹв˴½ϵʿ˷ɴ½֮ϣЩˣ֪ΪΣڷɴ½辶һţܹӶʿĽԪӤΪãʵˣ˴½ϣΪħ֮ˡ
ˣҵȶ֮ˣȻ֪жô࣬͵Ҳ֪˾磬նɱڼǵ޲ܹģоһļҵҲ֪ȴˣΪǿʵɱʿӶԪӤ޲֮ˣ֣˾ŭĵ
ֳĿˣЩڷɴ½ϵʿǣ޷ԪΪãնɱǴҲ޷ʵô죿˻ɱʿʵ֮⣬бİ취˴½ϣķȴҪд˵飬ȷʵ޲磬ڷɴ½ϣ·ߵ£ַҲ㲻޲˰ɣҵʿʵΪĿ꣬ٶ飬ɵġ˾ҡҡͷ
ǡ
˾黹˵ʲôȴ˾˻ȥοҲҪЧǣȥӶʿĽԪӤֻǺ׶ѣǴ˴洦ɼоȥɴ½洦ɼĿʯҩģ˫οѾʼˣһֱ˾ΪжԣԷõЩʯҩ֮󣬼ʵȻһԾҵǰҪԷѹԵʵƻɽ¾ҼӵܣС飬ҲΪͬǿʵԱΥѵ
飬ɷȡ㽻ףҲԺͷɴ½ʿףοѾħ֮˽ףο˽ף᲻̵ᷴҲһ⣬뻢ıƤǴ󻼣˾鷴
ֳ˵ɣͷɴ½ϵʿסҲ˵һֱǵжԣǹħ֮Щħ֮˵ȫܹ³ɼϵ𣿡˾ٶȷ
ֵ۲ݣȻѾ۹ܶˣܿ˫ͣ죬Ȼͬʱ˷һٲá
ʱأֻһоǾͷۣǳͷۡ
ȻִһʣȻ㵹һģǾΪ˾ҵĴƣ⼸仰ҲҺ˾ң໥ģǺͷɴ½ϵЩħǻһ£Щħ֮ԻӶʿΪûзɴ½ϵǵʲʺڷɴ½ֻͨķʽԼʵڣѾЩʿߣںͷɴ½˽ף˷ɴ½ЩʯİǱضֻܹʹһԷӵǿı֮ǵսҲϲһΣȴܹʡ¸ԴĶʿϾʿͷɴ½һû㹻ʵˣûиԴ޷֯ʿ
˫ִһʣ˾ΪȺ˲ֵ˾ΪֻкǺŲᱻ̲㶼޿ָժҲΪԭ˾ҴȨʿֻۣûֳ
Ȼһ壬֮ȥһضڶйʷϣ˾ʯǵĴţ͵£ֵ¾๥γϵľΪ֮һգ˲żüõʢ޷Ͷѡ
ȻΪ˾ҵǣһǵļ壬ӼͲֶε̲Ļô˴½ͷɴ½֮Ħ磬ʱʧģɲ˴½ϵˡ
ʲôʥˣȻɴ½ϺƽĻȴϲģϣսȻɵΡ
֮󣬷ڵλ˾۵ԭϷˡΪ˼Ľ룬Ȼ޿ɺǣָԭоģʵо֮硣
⻰˾˾鶼úȻҲ֪˵ǷϻһǶԷʵΪ˼忼ǵģֻ㲻ͬѡ
ڶλֳ۵ĹؼʵֻһǾǺĶ⣬Щħ֮ˣǷɴ½ϵʿ
⻰ͬʱ۾һ˵ˡ
˾ܹЩɴ½ϵʿǺ˾ȻǸӵԸ⣬˵зɴ½ã츣Ĵǣʯҩĸȡ֮ȴȱоЩ˵˴һԷ֮Ⲣû̫ôȴܹ÷ɴ½ϵʿѸٵʵĺ˫żĺôǣҺЩħܹ֮ϵϣȴûа취ɴ½ϵȡϵȡϵˣҲδػǣʵѰ죬˶ΣҲֻܺЩħ֮˺
͵ղҲ˵ˣֻҵܹϵϣǺǶԵУܹϵʽ֪ǣǴ¢ֽףȻʵ֮ǣͳһ˴½ٺǱ߽йģĽףǺ͹ְ˾һҵóȥʲô𣿴˾ǺҵһɥȥȪ֮£ҲԵ˾ҵڣûǶ
˾⻰˵νǵس֮÷Ϊ֮񼤵ĺ֤˾ҵĴ𾴣
˾ЦСֺγԸȻˣк棿˾վǲˣ粻ǵĵزСǲԸ⿴һĻģ֮ǰŬȥЩʲôֻСܾȥء
ˣȫһɺһʵۣ֮˾뻯˾ӵʵѡ
λ˾֣˾ҲôõĴˣѵͲ֪κͨɴ½ϵĵ·𣿡ʵҲĵ⣬ͨĻԼصɴ½лˣʱԼˣ˾ҽףϾԼķҲǼҴҵ󣬴ӺŪĲϣ㹻˾ʹˣ±һħ޹ñӣҲǲɽܵġ
ûС˾εҡҡͷ˵ͨɴ½ֻ߲ͨţǸʹǷǰңǵʵûʱңȻȴûһ㡣
˵Ǿ˾ҵңʧأҲҪϵɴ½棡ʿ㲻ǣֻҪǸ㹻ĳ⣬Ҳͬǽ׵ġ˾ܵĵ
ҵĻھͲôˡ˾εĵ
¡ɣֲҪúдǡ˾ЦȻ
û£λҲ棬ûϷˣôϷҲҪΪ˾ҳһǡЦ
֣롣˾һ£һ·̸Ѿ˴ײ㣬Ҳ˾ҵĺġ


180 ȥ
һתۣ˾Ѿʮˡ
ûм˾ҵļ˵˾ȻԲڴһ˾˾ڽ˾ҵļ֮󣬷ֻǼ֮µİ£ǰƷΪĸ֣ʱ䣬Կݣ˾ס
ڼ䣬۹ۿ˾ҵһӭ޳Ϯ龰
ʮƷΪĵٽͻƵʱ򣬱˾ҵĸطסͻƵʱ䣬е˾ҵӾλ֮ʮͻɢϢ˲ӿ˾ҵĻɽ
Ʒ˾ҵռΧľݵ㣬Ʒĵռ·ȴ޵ǰ
ͼӿ뻤ɽ֮ռ˾ݵĵͼǷ׷׳֣ԼеһͷޣȻڴĻ֮ºͶԷɱûҲȥǣǼŴչ̡
ע⵽ڴгֵĻǳԼµĵӣﵽңڵĳûһֵģڷŽ㹻֮󣬳ǿʼ׷׳ˣǽ˴֮⣬ҲɱޣֻǽԷѻ⣬ŴڵĵɱޣŻٽ޷Ž
̣һ죬Ҳɱ¾еõͻƻĵӣĵӻǻ͵Уڰȫĵطʼͻƣޡ
ÿĻᣬǵǵĿ񻶡
˾ڿиֶԷЦ
˵ͷЩͼӣԼҲ̫õЧϾÿζԼɱޣһԼ㲻ޣǾԼ޵ͣ˵ͼǳɳĻᣬĻƣҲȷʵǷǳˡ
ڿû£ħַͨʽԼʵֻû㹻õĿʯʼջǵĽһʵҲͬӵķʽܹطÿʯĲĻ˾Ҵ·磬Ҳޱġ
ȹʮ֮󣬷ڵһμ˾ҵļ
񻹺ã˵˶ֵ֮Ҫһ¶֡
˵ͷ˾ȥ
Ҳ뿴˾ڵļǸʲôҪ֪Ȼ˾˾Ѿȫ˾ҵʵȻ֮֮ȴƺܺãȴɶԼǳĹΪ˾ҵļҽˣŶصǷǳȤġ
ϴǸǸ˾ĺڣϴηʱǼ˾ϵȨĸ߲㣬Σڸ˾߽ʱֻһˡ
ѷ֮˾һ񣬾뿪ˣſڵķֻʣǸˡ
ҵˣԭϷ޷ǰӭӡ
һϵ˹ڴһŲȴ쳣ϴġ
ǰǰȻ顣
ӦһȻǰȥܹоȻѾ˥ˣȻչֳƣȴԶԶĳ˾˾Ʒ۷ϵʿ
Ʒ֮ϣ
ַ÷ЩľԭͻƵƷӵ˾Ʒʵ֮󣬷̬ѾǺܷˣ´ȥãûܹʲô谭Ȼ˾ҵļչֳʣȴԶԶس˾Ʒʿƣ
Ʒϻʿ𣿴˵еˣΪʲô䣿
ѹ˾˾ûҪԼ˾ȨѾһȨǹһˣܹе˾ҵʿɱ
ԽƷϵľ磡ٷڷɴ½ϵʱһûֻܶ϶˴ʵ˾ңȴӵһʿ
˾ҶӵʿĻôɴ½ܹѹסħ
˵ɴ½ϻбĸǿ
һһǰţԼԵ̹Ȼһ㣬ȻͿ˾Ȼ
˾Ȼͷȫˣƣÿһƣµĺۼ
ʿഺҲֻϵ˵ʿҲϣֻϵ൱Ļѣһֱ޷ɣôھ㹻֮󣬲ǳڵʿңڵʿҲ˥ϡ
дңȻϾҲֻǷֶΣ
ʿϲԼŪһͷӵӣȻ˾ȻȴΧڣչֳƹȻޱȵǿȴ͸¶һ˥ϡ
ɰǰѿϣµŲٵƤëź
΢΢۾˷һۣ˾Ȼͱ۾
Һˡ
˵ҶǲԼжֻ꣬ﻹеҶ˾ٵ㡣
Ȼ˾Ȼ۾ɴ½ˣá
סˣǰγԣ
˴½Ҳû˿óΪǶԷɴ½ϵʿϤʵҲ̫ϤˣҵĸоȴǷǳϤ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ըꡣ
Ҳƽ֪Լô¶ģȻǰˣƺûб˼Լص㣬˾ңҲлɱȥģֻǿϧ֪ûлҵؼҵ·
Ƿɴ½˴½ʿʵ϶һеģֻΪĲͬ˲ͬ·ѣһķɴ½ϵʿ˴½һʱ䣬ϵϢͻûʲôȻˣһڷɴ½Ҳ
ΪҾޣʡ
ġ˾Ȼٴα۾ʿɴ½ϼΪϡ٣˴½ϸһûС˿ΪǸͲ֪ʿڣȻȴ֪ʿǳϤ
Ϊʲô׷ʵ
ΪнĳɾͣΪһǸ˰
˾Ȼ۽һЩЦ⣺ǻһǰˣֻһССʿɴ½˿еħޣǸʱͳ˴½ĻԶ壬šң˾ңֻһСòСĸӹѡ
˻Уһǵ죬һˣңħ޺ʿʵûκεķֱֻǽ·ϵĲͬѣĳ·Ҳ;ͬ飬Ҳ˵յĿģǽɽ硣
ɽ磡
ЩˡħҲܽɽû˵飬ڷɴ½ϣеʿΪħȥһħĵطħ磬ɽĵˣ
Ȼ˾Ȼȴ˵ħյĿĵأҲɽ硣
ǵģ˾ȻЦֻħҪɽ磬Ǻѵ顭˴½ͷɴ½ԴѷģͬʱҲûôõʵ;ɱޣֻԼƷ۷Ϊֻܿϵ͸һߵԶԶɴ½ֻҪ㹻Դʣܹ˳µĽɽ硣
ѾԽ˾ƷΪʲôûܹɽ磿һڹĵ⡣
Ǹ˸ңħҪɽ磬ҪǶΪħ޵ʵǿģǿսģڽɽ֮ǰǵֻпԽǵܹɽ磬ϧ˽ʱ䣬ȴֻԽһѾ˥ϣҲûлɽˣǿϧ
˾Ȼ̾Ϣź


181 ȥ
ǵɻʡ
ǵģ
˾Ȼ˵ͷƷʿ۷壬Ʒɣм仹磬Ȼڷɴ½ϵʿ˵ֻҪﵽƷΪȻ󾭹ڵȻȻľܹɽĻᣬȻ˵ΪƷʿǲġ
Ըꡣ
ƷңȴֻǷֶΣͻƾƷܹ֮ӵһ˲ܹӵеɽ绽꣬׶Σǳ֮Ϊɡңھǰ֮塣
һţû˸Ҷ˾κεĲڴϲܶˣֻʣһһ֮䣬ܹļ壡ЩİɣҲֻԼ
˾ȻĵɽԴܹ֮еĵˣ˾ҵ֮
ϧֻǰɣˣͨ쳹֮ܣȴҲ޷赲µϮ޷赲Լ˥ϡҵͳڵʿû̫𣬻һ꣬ҲҪʱˣһ˾Աȳ⣬˴½½ս
˼˵ʿ˴½ϻСһ䡣
˾ȻЦˣżΪǾʲô˲ģɴ½ϣּʿȻ˵ǳضɼȴҲٲĶȥɴ½۷ΪֻǾƷĻôñȥɴ½ҪԴˡ
Щ˼ЦȴҲһЩ񶯵
ԭɴ½ϻôǿʿԼԭΪƷʿѾʿ۷壬Լڵʵ´ȥãȻƷ֮ϣаɣ֮ϣԼֶ֪ľ磡
֮󣬲ˣ
˴½ԻԵԼʵƷ˾Ʒս֮󣬷һЩԴʱȴ֪ˣ仰ȻףȴǷǳе
ô֮ϣʲô磿ĳʡ
ҪͻƣȻ֪ԼĿʲôȻڻһͷûУܱԼʲô֪Ҫá
֮ϵľ磬˽ҲǸ˸ң֮ϣǵɣ½ɡǸ磬ֻһ֮ңҲ˶٣ֻûܹɽϴսϻһѡ˵ɾ֮󣬾ûʲôؽҪͻˣֻҪϵĻʵȻȻľܹɽ硣˾Ȼ΢Ц
ɣ֮ϻеɣȻɽ硣
ʿ֪ңʿȴֻƷ۷ʿǲһλȴûһɣɡ
ԼΪʿɴ½۷壬Ȼڿɴ½ʵԼ֮ϡ
ϾֻǴ½֮һһǿ㲻ϣжʮĸңڶʮĸ֮䣬쳯
Щ˱Լȷʵʲô
ȻԼᣬֻҪѰȥлﵽߵľġ
ǰѾﵽ˰ƷΪͻȫûκεͷ֪ǰɷн֮˾Ȼһ񣬺ֱ׵ĵ
Ҳ֪ʿӦȥͻƣȻȴһһʿߴ߹ң˴½ҪӲϵĻɱ޵ĹУͻƵɴ½ϵ޵˾ƷͳΪǽûʲô洦Ȼ˴½ϵľƷޣȴɲޱɫɱǣܹøľ
˾Ȼɴ½ϵʿһֻ֪˵ĴڣȻôʵģȴֻۼһʿһ仰Ҳ÷ǳ
лǰٶȳĶ˾Ȼһ
ҰﲻʲôֻҵܹǸ˵ĶݣĴһѣҲһرˡػ˾ôãҲ֪ܹػãܴӦһҪ𣿡
һᾡҵȫػ˾ҵġĵУҵֲǶ񣬶Ƿ
֡˾ȻЦ
תʱ˾Ȼƺֿʼ˯ˣʿ˵ʶȵ˯ߣҲܹάľ
Ȼ뿪غŵ˾˾ʱ˾Ȼ˳
飬ǽ
˾˾ͬʱ߽˴ԼһĹ֮˳ȻĬĴ˷һͬߵһ
˾ôѼϣעһǧٶദƷ̾ĵص㡣
˾ȡһͼȻصĽ˷
˵ͷ˾ȴҵ֣˵ˣҪͨʵҲǣ𣿡
֣صͷģڵʵ԰˾ңҪԼʵܹٶҾܹ˾ṩԼİڣ˾Ҳȱһʿ
ֵܻǷȱһЩʣھƷΪѾͣʱˣûλáܿ㣬֣˾ңҪˡ˾
һΣ˾óذЦ
ô죿ԼҪصɴ½ҲҪ˾Һпܴɡ
ƷΪƷʵ÷ûصɴ½ϵĵ·ֻԼʵ˾ȡ㹻ѹסңôлصɴ½
˾Ȼ֮ǰܹɵʵô˾Ҿͽڸ߶ʿʵռƣܹ׵ҡ߶ʿ֮սһһźܴ˭ҳ֣ĸڶԷûеõ֧Ԯ£ƵģͽûκεĻᣡ
֪ԼκأˣѾ˾һ
˵ҪԼǱңһصɴ½ϵĵ·Ļôڼ˾Ȼ֮Ѿͷ
˾ȻѾǴ֮˥ޱȣȴڷ֮ԼҲʿԼл
Ͼ˰ɾ磬ȾƷңڣҪǿܶࡣ
ңڵʿѾȫ֮ĹУκλӰ죬Ϊң
Ʒ벽ܹԼսвܵӰ죬ƷսзöܵӰ죬ңڱȻһ
ǵ˰ɾ֮󣬾ܹһ֮Ĺ֮֮Ҳ޷㿪ĶĿ
˵Ʒʿܹ㹻ûһڸһƷʿȥѣҲܹһƷʿĻô˰ɾ磬ѾֵܹˣʮƷʿĺܹһƷʿǾһƷʿ֣Ҳ޷Ըһɾʿ
֮Ĳࡪֻǰɡ
˾ȻȻϣȻ˥ɲҶ˾ҳ֡
ڵʵѾԶԶĳ˾ңȻ˾ȻڣǾֻܵţ˾ȻܻãǾҪȶá
˾֮ǰΨһϣ˾Ȼ֮ǰܹһµİɼϧǣ˾û˲ţвٵľƷʿȴûһлͻƵɡ
˾Ȼ츳Ҳʱ֮󣬻ԵɺϲͻƵ˰ɵľ磬ľ磬ÿƷʿܹﵽġ
ڷɴ½ϣܶʿڷ֮ǰҲǴﵽ˾ƷΪûдﵽǵɵĵز
ҲǷɴ½˴½ʤĵطڷɴ½ϣ˾ȻʿѾɽˣȻȴֻܵȴԼսᡣ
ҡҡͷʰ飬ŵͼϵһĿ˹ȥ
̫Ҳûã˴½ϵսѶȣ˷ҪһЩʲôҪϵԼʵ


182 
ϻջһȻһǿҵĻ棬Ʒ޵ȷʵ춯أһ뿪ϻ͵ʱֻǴ۶ѣȻ뿪ͲһԶĵط֮ɢնޱȵĻ⡣
ϻ룬Ʒϵޣռ˴˴һƬص׶ѨƷѾ̫Ҫȥʿ˴½ϣƷȻûзɴ½ϵôϻۣȴǹҪңöˣǿڵĴߣֻҪȥŶʿصļפؾС
ϻҲˣ㼣鲼ԲǧķΧ֮ڣûĿĴε֮ʿޣΪĿ֮
Ա֮ϻͻصѨ֮ϢӣҲ֪˶á
ϻ˵ޱƽݵӡ
Ȼڽ챻ˡ
ڷеѨ֮֮󣬷ʶ˶ѨϢеϻ룬ȻЦЦûн붴ѨȥðգǼ˹һӡ˸ָһӡ͵˷ԲôڶѨ֮ϣѹһ£
Ȼֻѹһ£Ȼޱǿڱһء֮棬ʮɣ
Ȼһŭ֮ļУϻӵصֱӾͳ˳Ȼſ˻棡
ͻͣ
ʱޣȴǵء
Ӵеϼ񹦵˼
˿Ѿջ˹һӡ˴½ܲǲȽϺá
һ˦һˮӿг֣ͬʱӷ𣬵ϻֹռ¶͵Ľ
Ʒص㣬ı价
ϻ뱾ǻޣסĵطͶѨҲǸĵطƬѨ֮ϣһƬɳĮ
ڴ˿̣ƬɳĮϿգʼ൱ĺ䣬еˮ֣ҲʼԽԽࡣ
ϻܿ͸ܵ˲ͬʵİ˰ԴȻȫͷųǿҵĻ⣬ҪƬռ俾øɡ
ˮĶ
ԽƷ֮ʿ֮սͺǽˣǴӻѹȵȷ֣ռݸõĻռݸŵƣѹȶֵ֣սԼơ
ڴﵽƷ֮Ҳͬӵص㣬ϻһʼûжݺݵȥԼıĻϵܸĻԿһͻԼϢص֣
ȻȴһʼڲϵĸıĻƬɳĮ𲽵ıʪ
ڵصףʼһЩ仯ҰݣʼǿĴɳ˳رɳӿʼ𽥵ıϡ٣ص׵һһð˳
Ǵŷģʪ
ˮľã档
ϻĽԽԽŭˣ۾ܣɳĮķΧۿɼٶСϵŻ棬ȴ޷ӻɳĮСٶȣֻʣⷽԲʮһɳĮԭ״ĵطѾ˴̵Ĵԭ
ѾȵúܽˣˮѹסϻĻ棬Ȼһָ
ϻޱȵϣͳһѪ
һָһָ
ϻڲϵĶţȴ޷ϵѪԽԽ࣬ɫѪҺҲ͸µɳء
ͻأģʮٴӵð⧲ϻ˸ʵʵһƾͻϻĶͷ֮ϡ
һƣˮϵԪͻϻڣȫ
ϻ峹ײʱĻҲʧſ֣Ӵз䵽˵ϡ
һ꣬ϵɳȫߣĵ棬ֳ
ֻǴԼһƬޣЩƼѵĲܹһƬϢ֮ضѣȻһ֮ȴ÷Ҳʼδı仯
ɱϻһ˲䣬Ѫð˳Ȼȫ˷ڣתΪϢľӿ鶴֮С
ڽƬظɹ֮һ͵İ׹⣬ӵð˳
˵֮ǰѪ⣬ŵǡôƬ׹⣬ŵǡ
ϻȻʶȥɱ飬ȻıжȴһƬػ̣ǧɱ¾֪ɱõ
Ƭظ»Ļ
һѪ⣬һ׹⣬ڷһ֮󣬽鶴죬Ȼ֮С
ϸѰһ£ûзκβʣҲûȥ
ͳ˾͵ĵͼʼϸĹۿ
ѡһľƷ̾ĵطչΣǸط˹ȥ
еķûע⵽鶴ڵϱ˯ŵͨϬȻڳ˯Уȴ΢΢ı仯
Ѫɢ鶴֮һһĻͨϬСηڡ
׹ɢ鶴֮һһĻͨϬСڡ
ѪСη֮忪ʼһһıð
ڰ׹С֮忪ʼһһıú
ı仯еú÷Ҳ޲
ľ֮󣬷һɽ֮⡣
ݲĹɽΧĺѾɺԣڹɽΧγһش
ɴ½ϵޣڴﵽƷ֮󣬳Ϊ
˴½ϵޣڴﵽƷ֮ȴǳΪ˸׺Ĵڣĵطŵĵطǧ̡
Щ˴½ϵĶ
˴½ϵʿڴﵽƷ֮󣬻ɱ޶ѾûʲôôǲûжԸЩޣڶݣҲǷЩ޵ĴڣڱȴҲֻֻܹӲдȥ
֪˴½ϵ˱΢ѵĻ֮󣬷뷨
ϲʲôʥˣǼȻôΪЩǶһɡ
ʵϣƷ޴ĵطĴ֮Уڲ֮У޺Уϵ˵ҪһЩϾĵ̣ǻᱻϵĻɱġ
ҪȥϺȻǸģǷȴѡ˸Ϊʱķʽ
˾ңֻΪһңڴ½ϻɱЩޣΪ¡
ΪµĲ
翵һ仰Ƿȴ֪ԼҪȥ¸ӵ鷳Ҳȥ
޹ش壬ֻǱĶѡ
ԷҲ˴ù
ͷϵƷޣͬİ쳣ĵû³ˣƻһط˯Ƕôա
ͬ޵ıԣǲʹࡣ
ڣһֱӴ˹һͽɽͷôѣ
ԷͷųԼķڸܵпռ䡣
һʱ֮䣬ƺסˣȻȴ˷УòԷȫҲӰ
ͬʱҰݣӵһһð˳ĴҲ𽥵ĳ˷Բǧ֮ڡ
ȵľϵڷԲǧ֮ڻϵдȻҰݣȴǿ˵ϣƾ紵ΡȻ
ССĲݣվ˽ţ籩ֱ֮ͦ
Ĵ֮У

ٴҲ˥ܵʱ
𲽼ʱٶȴӵð˳վһţֵֵŷ硣
һһһһļ٣½͡
ԷǲԵʱΧĿռ䣬Ѿһɭ֡
˲Էǵǰһ
Էǵ£ѪҺȾ˴أһƬؿʼӵĳ
һѪ⣬һ׹⣬ٶ˷ڡ
Էвûκε洦ȴ÷ľõ˸õĥ
а񣬻ָ
ա


183 һ缴
һ˵𽥵˴½ʼ
һºڿϻסطһһķ֣ϻ붴Ѩķïʢˮݡ
ķú֣ڿǺΣյ飬ȻЩΪ˵Լܻ䶼пܻ
ΰļ¸ľͻϻɵҲ
˭һƬǸеˮݷʢ֮أ
죬ȴϻ붴ѨɳĮʧ
ķΣգһǱƬ
ûȥһʱ֮󣬷ĴЦ˻䣬ƬشѾûϻĴڣͬʱŸʢˮݣ
ķ֣䶼ϲ峤һ£俪ʼΣƺƵĿµĵط
ȥ֮أΪµޣΪ䣬˻Ի͵ķչǰ
ǿʼ񼣣ﵽ֮ÿطȻȻķ֣ĺܶطԭ̾ĵطڣȴá
Ҳû޵ĴڣطҪãǿЩطϷܡ
ʱ򣬷Ѿ߹˲ʮͷƷ̾ĳѨ
ÿһطɱޣƵò˵ıģֻ½΢һ֣Ȼȴ½նĵطЩطòĸı䣬˴½ǣϣͻ·
ƵһƬط㹻һͲϢܾܺãʱڣûߵطҲָܹһЩԪ
Ĺ£ɾʹȥˡ
û뵽Լǻ˶Ĺ£ƺûй˵ֻ;УĻúһЩ
ֻǺȻı֡
ֻĴ֮Ҳʼ𲽵˴½ע⡣
ۺϢʲô뷨
ңԶһŭˣһݰϣǰˡ
ˣǹұ͹ұ÷˴½ϵס
öһۣұǰһȻùݰ
ݰдǶһЩš
ʱڣŰЩޣɱʮͷͬʱЩ̾ĵص㣬ôˮݷïĵطöǸж¡
˾ҲʼѵǴʲô;Ҳõ˷ɴ½ϵԴұɻʵ
飬ʵѾʼˡ
˾ҲͬڵʵѾ͵һޣڷɴ½ЩԴҿǿĵӣӶӣһԴζܹһɫĵӡ
˾ڵʵѾԶԶѷɫңڵȴŵģֻ˾ȻǸϼһʲôʱѡ
˸ԴܹĵӣôЩľͲɥʧ̫
Ͼ˴½ѣܶಿΪ㹻Ա֮еӵں޻ǿսȷʵܹòǿԱȻڸ׳нֹС
Ͼں޻ƽ񣬾ʵ߿ɴﵽڣȻȴ޽Ŀܡ
Щƽܹõ㹻ԴĻмʸߵģпܴﵽңڣȻں޻֮ѾʧȥĻᡣ
ʵͣӵ˸Դ֮Ѿʼֽ½̾ľƷˣĿռøøʵ˲ΪҪȥں޻꣬Ļᡣ
֮ǰǲǲԸǲܡЩԲԴֻѡӢӵܡ
ڣҾͿԷſһЩ
ڣ˾Ѿʼ
ܡ
˶ȻĿԡ
˾ûԴУͿʼжˣϾЩһһԳġ
Цڷɴ½ϡߺߣôܻκεǹɴ½ϵЩʿǣѾԹ˲Ͼˡ
ұͬʱ˵ͷȻͬʱ뵽һԡ
ɣұ
Ļ鷳ˣϾһ˵֮Ҳû·硣ұЩյĵ
ûҲģǸзСӣпܴӻԨлųˡЦ
ܣң֮µʿܴӻԨлųұʧе
ûǲܣԣһͻƣͻƵңڣԲŻӻԨг˵
ұ͹ұһۣͬʱ
ƷķѾѾȫ취Ų֮͵˻ԨڣµĵطܻųȴƫƫųˣùұԿ
ҲͻƣƷΪһܹɱұϵȥԸ
ԸǹˣǱˣ˾ҵĵ̣ȻЩƷϼһǲ뿪פأȴҲкܶƷʿﱣЩνƽǡ񽻸ˣǲֻȥ
ұҵļ΢Цã齨İţȱս飬ӣ붫½Ǹһҳͷ­ң
ǣ
ұôϲͬʱӦ͡
ұĻ֮ʵ͵쳣ʮսţǹұսȻ齨սţȴͬɫģһˣͶһӪһȻʵȴҪ˲֪١
һӪı޷һƷʿӣϽʮƷʿƷʿƷһƷʿɴĽơ
ұҵһأ
ƷʿʮƷʿģȫǳڵʿ
ͷɴ½ϴƼòͬΪԴѷҺ˾һֱžƶȣȻܹ࣬սŵģҲҪӵгΪУ
Ҫ֪ڵʿڷɴ½ϣѾһؽˡ
ȻⲢζŷɴ½ʵҪϾɴ½ϵƶȲͬңڵʿھЧԳʿΪ˴½ϣֻдﵽڣʸӡ
ڣһɱȶһսţΪұõ¡
ùұӵ㹻ţǿʵ㷽ңڵʿԽսǹΪ׵߸ƷʿʮƷʿԽ
ǿʵڽ˷֮󣬵ȻҲԸ˾ҵЩһ㹻鷳
ұ͹ұʮĵĳˡ
ܹһ֧֤ǻڹұܵáȥ˷ɴ½һˣͻ㹻ԴôƷ벽˰ƷһЩ͵ĻøõΪƷ۷ʿҲʲôϡɣ
飬ұĴ뿪˹ұңҪԽ½ƹ˾ڱ߾ĶĿǱ붫½ĳƷ̾ĵطȴŷĵ
һ·ɱޣ·߻϶ˡҲǷ󵨣֪аɼʿԸֻҪǰɣƷʿ˺ƽ֣ҪǼƷʿҲ
ʿּ𣬻ϾǺѿΧµˣ֮ǰ˵һƷʿܹɵһƷʿҲֻϵģƷʿҪӣϾͲӲ
ұô̤δ֪ĵ·ǲ֪ٵĶ֣ƷΪƷսķǰƷΪƷսķ
ڤڤУһ磬ݡ


184 þò
Ѿɱ˵ʮͷƷޡ
ò˵˴½ʵһȷɴ½С磬ȻΪ˴ʿȱԴֻܼطӶ˴½ϣ޺УƽֻڽСĵйӲдѵĻȥ
նɱ˶ޣ˴½˵ҲֻиƶѣȻԻ˸õĵطȥкܶޣŷȥɱ
һ·ɱûоԼͻƵļ󣬲ԴҲûż֮;򲻴һһȥ䵼ʱ䣬
Ȼ֪˾ȻܻãȻصɴ½صǵȥȴҲûм꣬ĻɱޣĸÿĻ
⣬һ飬ܹ÷õ㡣
ʿԷ˵٣ʵܣ˵ǴҪģҪܣϵܡ
ھ㣬ܶ飬ûһͣȻһܻһ㡣
һĿꡭβ
廯Ϊ⣬һĿꡣ
Ķݹ뵽еʱǷˡ
˵Ĵ˵ĳصʿڶ½ϣɱޣƵرԭѾǨˣȴΪϣԴ
ڣǿĶݹ⡣
еĸַ׷չΣΣյĸŶݹ˹ȥϣܹһʱ俴ϣ
ԸԳˡ
ڸǷ·֮ǿʼԭɺԵĵ棬ʼ𽥵ıʪ
вݳˣ
һһƷΪսʿһŴðһСݣ
ŵˮսʿ˪ϣ˶ˣǰʼĲݶǶսʿҲǾḻܹóΧķݵأɹǵĲ֮ܰã
ţ˶һĳԶҪȥѰλ񣬵ĸм
ڵо˰ɣ죡һҪ׸񣡸лУ
峤ĺ
ȫˣһߴսʿһƴܣһߺԸĻԸΪʹӣлΪǴһУ
˶ţٵıţȻΣûܹԸԳ
ǱܵβԭĳѨʱֻ˱ΪƽصĳѨĻݣĺˮԼ̽ͷ̽ԵС
ԼѾʧĶݹ⡣
ٴιŶݹ⣬ǲ¡صڡ
֮峤վĺȥ׼ǨƣҪŬѰҸĴҪƷлĻȫ׸񣡡
ǣ˺ȻӦŵ
龰ںܶĵطûĵطоƷ޸Ĳ䣬Դ֮ܵҵĻ
ȴûлӦֻΪ˻ɱںĸ滷ֻ˳ѣĿûôߡ
ȻҲĿĲߣȴЩǣʵʵڵĺô
ȵĻõĻܹȥ˵Ķ䡣
ڴܶడǶͲһ̷ǡ
ƶ֮ڣұǣЦŵ
ұ΢΢Ц磬ʵҲǿ
·̣һҪɱģǴ˴ͷ໪ֻҪţܹͶұ
λųȻ֪ǲӦ÷ɢѰӰȥ˱ĵطȴֻɵȡ
һվİƷħ޹
ܷɢȻֻܺеκһ˶Կһǳ⣬ӵкǿԽսͬʱӶǳɫݾߵĻڶ࣬Ҳ޷ǴӻԨжܹӳĴڣģл׵һݾߵĻ˴½ôҪȥټ
ұȻҡͷֻסǵϢͷ໪սʱǲ޵޴ӣл
ǵġұ˵ͷӦƷΪܹչֳƷʵɱƷޣҲˣҲǳѡ鱨ÿ̾ĵص㣬Ҫʱ䣬˵ÿλɱҲҪѺܳʱ䣬ֻҪȴڻɱ޵ʱ뽺״̬³֣ܹһûҪݾߡ
ҵɣλžԵȨȻͷߵͬôˣҲʲôϻ
ƷʿʮƷʿһֱû˵󣬻ڵʿʵѾԺͶ˴壬ЩľƷ֮ʵȡ
ʵģΧһƷΪƷսʿţҲѲ˱ˣ
οұҵļµǴͷ­ҡû˵һҪ׽
£ڹұÿѾûһ˿ѵĿܡ
ֻҪô߲ˡ
ˡ
˶ݹĺۼұ˵һ䣬еİŵĳԱͬʱһǵϢȫʧǵΣҲϵİ֮С
֮ͷӹѧ֮Ȼ쳣ơ
һյʱ֮󣬵ϵĲǣſ˷Ķݹ⡣
ͻ˴½ϵ·ߺ޴ڵĵص㣬ǷǳϤ˵֮Ǿһֱڼλʲôʱǣ죬ڵȵˣ
ˣʼԿжĤݣᣬǾãǺܿҪϺˣ
٣ԽפأԽʱҲʼʰװǣţ׼ʼǵİǨ
һƬݻƵĲԭϿա
ϢŵģһͷľϵľƷޣ໪
Ȼľϵ޲ĳѨǧȻȴһƬش
еĲľûȥȴ˾綾
ľϵȻȴҲеޣֻ
ľϵޣζ֮ǧ綾ӣһֻ
ȴûг֡
֪໪ڲݴУȴû֡
Է֮൱ĺãֻƷʿô϶ǲֵᷢģʼ֮ǰҲûȺĶʿȻʱȴоˡ
о˿еϢо˿е΢硣
磬Ƭ½𽥵ĽΪƬ½һӡ
ԷأҲڴ½֮ڣڷһ㿴Ҳܹоõ
ΪԼĿע⣬ұúͰ£ûʶ۲췽ҲûȥĶ
ͣȻͷ˿գЦˡ
һӡͷһһð˳
һǿ֮磬ӹһӡð˳ֱӾ˷ͷգ
ұúͰŵʿǣûӦʱİƾѾ紵øɸɾͬͻȻ¶ĳڴͥһ㣬Ҳûκεڣ
ˣþòˣǻ𣿡
ͬһ㣬ĶԹұк
ұ͹ұһʱ֮Ȼ֪Ӧôش
λǿ֪ǶôеǣȫǣҲܹ⴦ط룬Ҫ뿪ҲλһЩźأ
ĵ壬Ҳķ˺͹ұòеĵط
ú׼Ǩ䣬ңԶУҫ貵Ĺ⻪


185 һ۸һ
ܹӻԨҲȷʵǳԾ١ֻȻû취ôĸߵĵЩħ޻ܿ𣿡
ұЦ
ףħ޿ǽеġʵ
ɣȷʵСԵء
ұЦĵΣǿɲֻǰ͵ĳδ֪Ŀռ͹ء
ûұϴǵĵ̣˴½ûлӵġ
ףõǽ˰Ʒ˲𡣡̾һ
ûΪθ鷳ϾܹӻԨ֤ΪѾٴﵽƷǿǻǵãƷʵܹסƷʿôʱ׳ءұЦĵ
𣿡°ͣƷʮƷʵҲܹɨ˰˴֮м
Ͱ˴ŶӣҲɣұЦеĵ
ǵľƷʿˣĻŶӶϰ˴壬Ҳֻбķݡ
ؿ˹ұһۣŶӣǹұһжٸʮʮǹұжپƷʿ˴½ʿҲδܹ࿹ɣ
˴½ʵȷʵԶԶ޷ͷɴ½ᲢۣҪ֪ɴ½ҲԹ˲ϾˣǡиûءұЦеĵ
΢΢һ⻰˼ɴ½ڳʲô
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ܿͷһ㡪ҲǶԷΪ˶ҡĶ־ŷųļϢ˵ˣģżҲ޲
Էֻ΢΢Ķһ£ȻЦ
ңȴһأҵˣȻҵ½浱Ҷ˴½һ㶼˽𣿡
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Լӳ˾Ҳ֪ұڲͽ
ұһӾ뵽ֿܣͷҲʼһһŵĺ顣
ŵʿҲʼ׷Ĵ۲죬Χǲ
Ȼ齨ţǺôҲǹұҵĶʮս֮һŹұҵĶʮ֮һʵҪﱻˣԹұҲһܴĴ
̫ˣɲáˣһˣҺ˾ңûʲôϵ
һǧֻ۾ͬʱ˷ɱ˵ĻƺҲɱ
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ʵأҲǲ±ǻ׽Ҳǲ±ǸɵǡǸͲҵĶ֡Ц
ڹұ׼Цʱ򣬷ͷϵĹһӡɺ⣬ͬʱһ˶ľƣӷð˳
ұúŵˣӲĿŷ
ûǶҵʵƴ󡭡ҲƷǰƷ
ţòˣڣһҲӡ
һ֣ڵݴڵ໪һɴȻڲϵ˻ȴ޷ѡ
ǽֵʱͷܵˣǿԿʼˡ
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ұһٶȺܿ죬Ӳģֽ
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ʱԵùһӡЩˣһӡܹʱ任ԣԼںϾϵһĶս÷ռ˱ˣȺսʱ򣬹ؽԿһӡԵЩ
һ֮ҪջصֵԷĽ͸˶ԷϢᣬԷҲΪĿꡣ
ԷȻȴҲѶԷвűϾ齨սţ߶Ȼ㹻ˣȻ½ĸ֣ϻĬ˹ұҵսŹӮҲࡣ
ҲһԼȺս治һûᡣ


186 
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ս˼ǺΣյһ£ȻŵĽвԶԷвҲ÷˼ء
ս˼뵽ƽʱ벻һЩ顣
һӡʵĹأڣֻܹһһ۵ĶԿŹһӡĽ
ճһҲΪÿνмһ˳ȫֵܵʣµһˣҲҪȫܸصһϢĻᡣ
ֻѡ񽩳ȥ
Ψһǰĵǣƺ˾ȷʵûʲôᣬѾսôʱ䣬Ҳûо˾ҵˣֻҪȥôˣܹȷһֵ֧øá
սܹ;ƷʿȣڷҲֻǰƷʿѣȥֲ֧סģ϶Ƿ
ڰ¿ȴʱ򣬷Ѿȫ˳˼С
ɴ½ϵʿ˹ȥʹöַʼרȫԼıһ壬ϣⲻܲ˵һֽ
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ԼԵģֱȽϼ˵ʱܹͬʱʹַĻǻ᲻սЧһЩ
Ȼڣʿڷ䲩羫ƵĻҲض׵òʧ
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˵ķȴȫĵԼֲݣȻÿݶ֮ǰȫһҪȴԵøӵ
ŷÿһѹԽԽԭİʿǲòȥǵսѣԽԽİʿֻܹȫֵŷĽҲûýǣƷĳ֣
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ұҪγѪھҲӲˣ˵Ϊһ壬ҪôǵֵסḶ̌ҪôǱĺʱսˣͬʱʧȥս
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ʱƣŵʿǿʼԵԽήңңڵʿһ㣬ϾƳûƽʱȡΪԼãҲֵܹסǳڵʿǣѾЩֲסˡ
ڵʿǵԪԴԪгȡԪеԪҲ޵ģοÿһҪԪܹ޲ǵԪʼѸٵɥʧš
һһħǱϾûʲôԴǸǿоսģΪ齨սţЯо࣬ڿֵ˷һ͹֮еĳʿѾԪ̱ڵ϶á
ֻʣ˹ұãԼƷʿʮƷʿڿ֧š
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һ춯صľ죬Ѿķֳ飬ǿ֧ŵʮңʿȫѪأ׵ʧȥս
ǵķȫע˷ϣǱȲַʽʱ򣬾Ѿȷˣ
ʮңʿõģڵʿѾѲǿҵıըУ˴ûлġ
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ΪұҶʮս֮һԱȻҲӡǣͬʱʱԶ½ϵĹұҲһ㣡
Ϊ˴½Ͻе֮һұһ̣˼ǿơ
뿪˹ұҵפأһɷ˶½
ȻŶˣôԷҲǾƷΪұҳ֮⣬ûκܹԸǸһ
ܣ춯ء
ʱ򣬷͸ܵ˶Էĳɷ
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ǵġұɫɷ׵ĵ֮䣬ӦǿԺƽġ
ϻ̫ࡣ
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Ȼ˵仰գʮƷʿȻƷʿǹұ͹ұá


187 ͬ
ն˷顪ңڵʿܹ֫ʬĻǽҲ޷
һ֮£ٵ˰ʣµȫ񣬰ڹұҴǰ;ĵϵӵܣ
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ԭѾˣԼͷųƣܶԷ˭׵Ķʮңڵӵ֣ʱ򲻹ô˵ȱסȺ˵סʮˣǱס˰ŵԪ
ǣĶݹٶȣŷһ·;Ѿʮ˵Ϣͬʱʧ
ζţĿܣҲĴˣ
ұ˷ŭֱ֮Ӵ˶½֮ϡ
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ЦһȻݹ⣬˲ʧ
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ɲʲôηηհǰ˺ӡ
ұÿ죬ܵҲұƬսϣһذųԱʬʱ򣬷ͲӰӡ
ұŭһ䣬׼Ѱ뿪·ߣȻʱһͬǿƣͬĳƬط
˾ȻϼһҪ𣿡ұҧгݵĵ
ұУҿҲеģǶ½һûأ
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ռƣֻҪȵ˾ȻȥʱǾܹ׵Ļ˾ңûбҪʱͺͶԷƴһްҲս
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˼СһΪЩ˵ء
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ڻ̵ĴĮնɱޣرɷֵݣһͬƸ߸裬ֲ
ڵķ㣬£ǳǳĻҳ˪֮ɫΨһ˫۾ȴһֱġ
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˵֮ǰĻĻô˴½ʱ䣬˷˪ĥһڴĥȥʣųӲõĹ⻪
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׼ŷɴ½һƬԼĵ̵£ǿ϶ϳзһΣշӴڡ
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Ĳ˵ǶڵĹѾǶʮߴ֮ǰʮÿǾƷ۷ʿӵнȻǶֻǧҵĹʹλһԼʧ
ѧԺԺҲˣаˡĺɽˡԺҲѧԺ֪ٴԺÿԺִѧԺǧ֮ʹλԼĸ֣ԼҲʧ
ôඥĸ֣һЩȻЩûģֻʲôľ磿
ǷˣǼͣڷɴ½ػԼĹң
ǷҲܲµĳ͸˵Ҫڷɴ½ӵһԼ̵˴½ˡ
˴½ȷɴ½֪ӶٱȻܹɣɴ½ֻж٣
ǵռĿģҲֻΪڷɴ½ռһԣĵ̶ѣһĺû֮¡
˾ܣ˾飬ڸʲô
ǰ
ںһȺͲĵæµŵ˾˷ܵӭ׼أ˵սڼÿˣҪ׳Լ
ǵģ˾ҵˣڣǹ׳Լʱ򣡡
˾ҵĵǷ׷׵˾ΪĵһȺӵܣͶڶʮʮ֮䣬ΪƷƷȣӵΪڷɴ½ϣҲǼΪġ
мľ󲿷ˣ˾ҵĵϵӵܣ˾ҴӸѡľгɫ츳ӵܣľѡ;ܹ˳ɫı֣ҲͲΪˡ
츳ٶ˵ɴ½ʿ˴½ʿ棬û̫
Ц
ˣŪʲôˡڵĹµĸңȺˣȥɡ
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ǰиɻ󡣡
һӪʱ˾ҵ˷
ΪҪ˾ʵ˾ңٵΣյʱʵϣǵʵˣҲû˾̫İ
ǲͬɻ󣿡Ц
һٶ˾ҵĵͬʱͷ
ѵǣΪڣΪ˽
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ǶᣬŲ׵ʵڼİ£ܹܿĳɳȻ˾ٵģĺ˾ܲͿȺˡ
ʱҴȥģܹĵص㣬ȵҲˣҪѧҪҵԼʵӲѰ츳ĵӣһһĻʵָ˾ҵٹ⡣
ʱ䲻̫ˣܽǵģҲôࡣ
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أ˾ʵ
Ѿ˵ûıʾԼҪ˾һͬȥ壬ȥףŲס
ǿӵҡӲġ
Ц˾ͷû˭ϧǣҺһֻǡ


189 
˾ҵǳĬˡ
ǿʼףԼϱģʲôΡ
ǰǼΪڷ絲꣬ṩһС
ڣǻرʱҪȥøãȻʵʱ򣬻ָ˾ҵٹ⡣
˾磬ϵʿϵޣһЩǱˣʿӣӲƴ紵ǽȴܹһһİǽӲƴʲôãζĥȻɵ
˾־ˮҲҪˮ࡭ƷƷҪȱ֤ԼܻȥȻٶԸˣ˵ֻһ˴𣿰Ȧͬæ
ֻľϵˮϵʿܹı价ģϵܹһƬطϵֲѾǿҵĶأǾͷǰɣȥأȻ
ΪûģҲǴͨģ˴½ԽãԽܹ࣬ʿҲͻࡣǵģǰԴǽǻӵиԴġ
ûдڻȥɱޣǸı价ıҪԣѪڵģŰ׹⣬ȻʱûκεãǷȴԼĸоҲ˴½ϵʿͻƵɣǸߵľĹؼ
һ½ͻһ½Ĺ򣬼ȻڸıòʱһĪڣôһõġ
һʿ˾ҵӣҲǷӡ
һ죬ͣ˽ǵĶ
˶оˣѾȫ͵ƣһӴѹ򶫷
һ죬ڵˡ
ˡ
˦˦Լӡ
ҪȥӦˣǣҲҪԼӦ飬߰ɣԼϢĬĬĻʵ˴½ôҲǵġ
һ仰Ȼתȥ
˾ͻȻʧʹޣ֪ԼҲӰ
߰ɡ
˾ܼᶨķԼãͬǵɢҪ˾ҵӣ˴½ÿ䣡
˾ҵפء
Ѿоʼʱ˾ҵҲǿƣʼƶˡ
˾ռҺ˾ͽҵڼС
˾
˾ɵò
ֹ˾ҪǺĻȻ·磬Ҳܹޱȵļɵ
ϾҶ˸ɣĵӣɵܣǲСġ
ãôҪ
һ·һ·ɣܿģ˾ҴӴӰӡ
Ѿȫ˾ҵĸ֣Ҳ
Ϊ֮ǰǿƵļ壬˾㳲ʱǿʵ
˾˾Ʒ۷ʿΪף»ʮͬǾƷΪĳϣңڵм֣ڴڵĵϰˡ˾ҵʵ
ϰɢģǾϢ
ɽʱ򣬸ܵϢһ¡
ûжӵ㣬ΪʲôǻչֳϢ
Ҫ֪˾פص࣬ͬϰ˵ǿϢҲͬˣɱȾƷʿҪǿϢȻ˾ͽ˾ɸ֡
ȻǵĶ棬һ޼ʵʿɣƷ۷ʿǧңʿ³ڴڵʿʵҪ½ʵһǣɻеô
ڣ˾ҵķ룬չֳģȴһɱ׳ģա
գ÷֡
˾ҵ˲˷ĵÿͨ÷˾ҵĺġ
ǰҵĴڳĬ
ոأ˾˾ӭ
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΢΢һ
ûüʲôʱڶҵĴУ˹ұоѹԵ
˾ҵСҴˣضǴݿ࣡˾˾ͽѾ˶ǵĳͶôܱһȣҴʦʯ٣
ڹұеոµʱ˾פص࣬Ҳɢޱǿơ
˾ͽ˾ɢܡ
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ҲƣҲգǱѪеո˾ͽҺ˾ռң˾ȫĹˡ
ֶʶʱΪܣҪģҪǲҪ˴½ϵŷɴ½ս׷ɵʱȥǶռӦеĵ̣ǧҵΪ˽
һϵ˾۾Ǳһϵߣһһĵͺ˾
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˵ҪҪͶҪҪҵУ˾ĺ
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˾Ļܼ򵥣ֱףȻӵĵȴѱ򶯡
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˾ҵĴǰͻأĳˡ
ĹޣԵĹԵ޼ɵĹұС
ƺ΢΢̾Ϣ˾Ҵ࣬ͬĳˡ
ûƵ˾ͽ죬ŰԵϢ˾
ɣ˴½ǿʿеÿˣоͶ֮˾ҵڣǲһˣˡ
ɣ򣬰Χ˾ҵפء

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190 Ŀ
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˾ҵӵǣ֪мľ޴蹵ȻʮƷ۷ʿңڵʿаʿĴڣȻɾǰɣȫûκһ˿ӮĿԡ
ȴûһ˸еη塣
˾ңԶ֮˴½ĵһ壬һֱǶھػ½ȵĲ
˾ҵӵܣ󲿷ֶǴЩģ֪˾˶ٺ£֪û˾ңǾͲнĳɾ͡
ǵȻ֪ǻǵ޷ԿɡһС
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ǰ˴½ʱ̲Ҳ֮ǣϾ˴½ϣûս
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ܷɴ½Ҳս׷ɣҵļǲܹȡĻһ̣Ȼܹ֪һ̣ҪٵѪҪʿѪܹʱ˾ҵӵܣضᵱڻҶǰ棬ģ϶ǡ
ȥһսУΪ˾ҵ
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Χס˾ҵפأûаɵĴڡ
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Ȼ˾ҵĻɽ⵽ʮλƷʿϵĹҲѣȻͬʱɢԼϢʱ˾ҵĴҲֻֽƬһԵ˵Ĵ
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ǵʵȫ޷ֵƵѹȡ
е˾ңڵʿͷųԼƣǿ󣬻ס˼ӵǡ
ȻǶֻǶԷųƶѣԷֵĻֶܹã
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ʵϵĺ蹵ʵ̫ˡ
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˿վڣԲ֮ڣȻ֮ݺᣬûпȥʲôȻⷽԲĵ棬ʳ˷ĩճ˳ªĺɫҺ
Ҳ˾ľϵʿͻƵ֮ѾΪһֻվȻԲ֮ڣʴԵĶ港ʴôĸʴΧڲϵ
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ǰĹұУǷϵʿϸϸܣǰԭһƬ֣ʱ֣˲䱻г˷顣
ɣԻٶȣ˾˹
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Ҫ˴½ɲ˾Ҿ͹ˡ
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ԣҪԴͷĿܡ
ԣҪ
˾ԭռݵĵطΧĵطݲԶΪ˵ĸѹ֮£κβ䣬¶ҽԼӵܸ˾ҵȥ̣ȥ
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ڹұһ仰˵֮ҵӵܣͬʱӦһ
ţһ貵Ĺ⻪
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ÿԵ˺̺ǿķƻŵ棬˵÷ڵϣںܳһʱΪء
ǧƷޣȼޣôʱ䣬Ҳֻ˴½½ƻһֵĵطڣ½һɵĵ棬⵽˻ԵĴ
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οǻڷɴ½ռһ̣㽫½ٵҲûʲô˲
˾ҵӵǣ彩ӲĿһĻܵŭͷա
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˾ӵܵķŭǵ֮УǵķŭκͲʴﵽʱ򣬾ǹұϣʱ
ӷɴ½ȺħѧĽɷǵĻǡѪҺΪﵽʱռԻɴ½Ľɷ
ĽɷĿܣвɴ½ϵңĬħռһ̵ʵ
һϵ飬˺ܳһʱ䣬еϸڶ˽ȥʵϣ˾ҵͶͶǵˣѾעˡ
ĽɷҴ˿̹ͬôƣҪﵽĿģ
ڣһѾ𲽵Ŀʼʵˣ˾ӵͷųԼʱѾ׷׵ȻǵķŭͷˣʩΪ֮£ֻγù
ȴ޷ͻưǵϣֻĿҵӵܣ޼ɵƻŴأ


191 Կɱ
֣齨ϣޱȵĺʵ
˾ҵĵͬˮһ˹þǵķһƴȥײϣֻܺҵһս
ȻҪҲûõ㣡
þһǣƾٷŭҲûκεĶݡ
ɣͲҪΪ˷ʿжݡ
ȻֻǰɣȴѾǸ߸ϣͬϵһ㣬λΪ˷˵ϲŭֶʲôд
ԽŭǾԽ⡣
Ƿŭﵽ㣬ﵽҪʱ򣬰ǲŻͬʱ֣ǵ꣬ɵƳԻһصġ𵯡
˴½ʿķֲֶΣĴ𵯿Էֲһֳһɴ½ϵĳΪ֤ʹɴ½ϵʿͬǺ
ǵĺ
⼸֪ɴ½ϵʿԼޱȻ𱬣Ȼɴ½ʵԶԶ˴½ʵܱȵģ˵Ī쳯ַֻܹȡһ̡
ΣʱͨҲܹĿֻ꣬ҪӵöԷɵ
΢Цţűߵ˾ӵǡ
ûͶǰϣģͶˣǵ³Ҳκεĸı䡣
ڰǵȴ˾ӵǵﵽʱ򣬹ұеɫͻȻһ¡
ˮһ㣬ȴޱȼ̣˾ӵܼȫҲ޷ͻƵϣͻȻ˺һССĿӡ
ţһӰǸﴩ˳
ҵʿʼƻصʱ򣬵Ҫٵ½ʱ򣬷Ͳһɲɶֹŭ𣬴ͷð
һֱһƽ͵ˡ
ǴһƽĻﴩԽģعѾΪıܣΪҲԸҪӪĻһ׼ˡ
ɴ½ͬһʿ
Ȼ򣬲ζظƻʱȥЩһ
Խ֮ǰûȥԼάڣά
˴½ϵʿܹ׳ǿƬ½
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һ˲䣬У˲֪ı仯
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ҵʿԭ󲿷ҲͷŰ׹⣬ǿʼƬ½ʱ򣬺⣬𽥵ѹ˰׹⡣
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ɣͷųĺ⣬ŨͬѪɫһ㣡
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ȻȱҲ˾ҵӵܹͻƵģȴ׼һ㣬ùһӡ֧֣ڶԷ⧲֮£һͻϣ
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ΪɣԼعһ֣Ȼڤڤ֮лһ˿д
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ڿ˾ҵӵѾ˹ؼʱ̣޷ȥ˿˳ߵĻƴ𵯣ҲͳӰ
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У뷢һ
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⣬Ƿһķֲ֮
ں˴½ϵսʽһӡֲΪţҲÿȹһӡҪ࣬ȻȺս֮Уȴܹ𵽸ã
ڷûдﵽߵһ򷨵ľʱķֲȴܹ˿ܷӵսƵ˼ޣ
ֱ
һƷʿĿɿڴĿһĻұͨϵĽףüھ󲿷ֵʿӵԼıӵбʱЩʿܹӳսǿ˼֣ʮ㣬ڣΧƵģȴǾżǵıҪӴı
һʲôĹ
ʿǵܵ𵴵ʱ򣬷Ѿˡ
ˣһ죬Կɱ
һصʱˣͻΪһ⣬ĳǰĶ֣
ٶȡз
ʵ£ʤ
ЩƷʿƵģɲֻǷġ
һ˴½ϵս飬ͻͽ
޲ɱս÷ǳĿ죬ֹһ˶Ըڶ˵ľ飬Զʿ֮ϡ
ЩƷʿأ
ľƷʿڵľӢҲΰսʿȻڳΪƷʿ֮󣬸ӼΪĺƹһֵ飬Ѿܾûսˡ
ڣԼĽӲʼӭӷ籩һĴ


192 ͶΪ
˳ȥʱ׵ģһҵʿ
ϵƷʿһƵĹҵʿƣζսá
οڲǰƳԼıѧϰµսʽ˹ȥսʽȴûⷽս顣
ڿԼ˹ʱ򣬹ҵʿû̫⣬ԷܷӳģǾƷΪԼ߻߰ƷʿֻҪԼסԷһ£ʮ˺Χ÷Һ䶼ܰѷˡ
һ֣һŷ
Ƴıܹ֣֮ͬʱڲסԷͬʱ̺֮ŵĻ֮ҲܹϵʴԷ壡
ǻϵбȽһˡ
Ǿʿ൱Եõĵһ͵ıһ£ٺʲˡ
Ȼһ̣Цˡ
гһӣ̺ޱĽ֮ĳ˲ͽ֮ƿһӣ˴ĳ˳
ܿ˽ȻֻҪҲܹ˲ƿ棡
ҵʿһĻǷͬħһĳ嵽ǰȻӽ
һ̣ͷ­ͷգŷƮϣ縡֣һ㣡
ǾƷʿܵصˣҲȲˣ
һգۼ䣬һƷʿ֮䣡
ɥһ˲䣬Ѫ⸡֣Ȼͬʱ˷ڣ
ͬʱ뷽ڵģа׹⡣
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ƷʿѪŨΪϵص㣬֮ǰɵƻ˶Ҫ󡪡ҲǷ鷳ԭ
նɱʿ֮󣬷ûͣµķ֮ѥһâڿͬһ˸תֱӳ˾ԼƷʿ
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Լͬʿô죬ʿǵѡܡ
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ڶͬʱ޾һӿʿճķɻңܶˣ΢磬Ʈ֮䡣
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鶴Уϱ˯ߵͨϬͬʱ۾ſŵ֮֮
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֪ԼܹĴУʲô̶ȣֻȥֱƣΪֹ
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ϱŵģǺ֮ܡ
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·ڷɴ½һۣ֮ļʿȴһɱ
Ǻͷɴ½ľƷʿԶˣڼڲ߸ϣսʿһȺȮ
ĳЦеľƷʿɫʱѾͻ˰ΧȦȻֱӳңʿɵİΧȦС
Ʒʿˣ˲ɱ֮󣬰ΧȦѾһӣȻȴҲ㹻ͻΧ
ңʿİΧȦ֮󣬷Ǵɱ䣬ҽǹһʱ֮ɱͷʿҽţȴûзһ֮
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ڹұһ֮󣬲پƷʿע⵽Լ׷ŷ򡪡һˣٶ˿죬ңʿĴУô˷谭˾Ʒʿ׷ϣںɵɵ׷硭
ұҵһƷʿͣ˲Ĭ֮ͻأʧ˿Уһ̣ͳ˷ǰ
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һУû֮һ֮ĳŷ˹
ȻΪԼܲǷĶֻ֣Ҫ΢赲һ·Ǿ㹻ˣ
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˲֮𣿡
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Ȼһ࣬Ӳñϵܽ˶Էһ
ʿЦҲֻܻɱЩڼĵСҿɺǲһ
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ʿ׼ٴγ֣ȻȴоһƺȫԼٿһ㣬ôӲ
һĸо𽥵ȫ
֮ĸоôǲûκεķ֣
ЦȻеĳһᴩʿʺӿ룬˲߽ʿ
ұսǿľƷʿɥʱ򣬾뷽ʿѾһɡ
ԼĽѪҺĵ£ֱܿޱȵͬһˮ
ĶʮƷʿͬʱ˷ŭĺţʮŻϢķӿĳŷ˹
ĶʮƷʿȫһðʿ˵
Էڵľ磬һܡľˮ壬ҲᱻˣҲûз
پƷʿһĻʱ򣬶Եķ˻ǿѾ·ˣȻʿͦңȴӻ˷ƶٶȡ
ֻҪһܹ鷳Ķ֣
עһսŵİǣҲĽۡ
˴½֮ɸ߶ֳǵķ໥֮˲٣ǲҲǷֵܹġ
¶΢Ц˾ҵӵܿʼ˾ʱӭѾҪԼķһЦ
һ̣ˣʧ˿С
Ȼ貵ķ⻪ԭվĵطȫû


193 ̲סĹұ
ǼһѾˣ
ԶԶۿŵӵܣ˻
ңڵʿҲһȻʱ򣬹ұСԵޡ˾ͽ졢˾ɣȴͬʱһ
Сģ
ǺͬʱӰ׷ľƷʿı
ȻеĽǹͬʱͱƷʿı
ǿĻԪͽԪӿʿ壬ǻûüгѾΪ˷ɻң
ռŲ֮
Ʒʿһ˲ķɣƷʿͬʱڷ£
ΪֹѾƷʿɥڷ£ټʮңʿĸ߶Ѿнӽɣڷɥ
ֻɡ˽ʱ䣬ľ
ĶʿκһʧǼֲģڣڷ£ƷʿƷͰƷʿ߰ʮ
֣ӡ
ڲ˿ռŲ֮֮еʿʼʶǲܻɱˡ
һû˲ɱƷʿķǵĴ֮Уܹٵɱ
־𣿺𣿹ǾҪ˿־度µʱ򣬾ͻ뵽һ죬ԼҲıӦ
ڿлصţˣҲһ֪ʲôʱʲôطð
һȺңʿмʱϵ˰׹趯ʮʿͬʱ˽̿ȵ׼ʱ򣬷Ѿʧ˿С
飡
һãȻĹ˵ľƷʿԺһŷеĻ֮ì˲̳ʮ˻ԭʿͱͬһһ㡣
߸ɥڷµľƷʿ
ǵڰ˸ھŸʮ
ԭݣվʿ۷ľƷʿǣͬһģɱš
ÿγ֣ңʿһƷʿ
ܹѪͰ׹⣬޾һӿڣȻ鶴졣
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ڵϣĳӵ˺˵ֻȫĹҸǮȴ޷
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֮󣬹ұˡ
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˾˾ͽ졢Ե͹ޣ֮󣬲ŴӾƷʿӱɵġ
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˴½ǰδ֮ΰҵ
һУеú˳ʱҲܴɣ˾ȻûܹôֵĶ꣬Ҳ˳˾ҡ
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ڽеڵʱһڼڵļһȴһУ췭ظ
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Ȼֻǰˣ;Ʒʿȴ뷲˵
޴ĺ蹵ɲ㿿ĳıܹģ
ȻƴҪͬʱ֣ʱҲܳȥϡϾ˾ҵӵҲɵӣһĻǻԾʲôò
ʱֻ뵽ΪǵĳסЩɣ÷ʱִɱ
ĳŰɵϡ
ֻȻһұУɵϣɲ˾ҵʿܹġ
Ȼ˾ҵʿ˿Ѿʲôˡ
мĲˣʼɽ󡪡Ȼɽ׵ĻƣǱƵģȴǷϣûʧȥ
˾ҵĻɽǴԶģɹء
Щ˾ҵӵĶ֮£еʼͣһִڿڣĶ׼ɵϡ
ƽʱԵúܵ˾˿Ѿеһһ㡣
˾ӵǵԪȫעԪһУ˾ȫӵܵȺƴˣ
е˾ӵܺȻӦŵǿʼԼԪҪڹ֮Уԭڹܣʼ𽥵ı
ԪһڣܹʿԪۺ棬תΪԪȻһȥл֮ܣ
ĸͬʱڿЦ
˾ĵѾóˣǱҲڵȴĵơ
֮ۺϵһԪһڵ˾ҵӵܳ׵
֪ĵƶ޷κεãκ˶ܱġ
ʱԼԪһڣǣǲʵ꣬˾Ԫںһγɴ𵯡
Ȼڣұ뿪ˣĸˣûаܹһ㡣
ϾԪһڣǺųлɱɵģ
໹һʱ䣡
ԽԽڹܣԵ
㹻ˡұеĵ
Ȼ۾ʼѰӰ


194 
˿̣ĳռ֮ڡ
ûвұѾҪѰټûٴγֻɱеĸ֣Ϊڻɱ˵ʮƷʿ֮ڣʼûӵı仯
ıɽͻȻڻһ󶴡
СηӴԭСС˿ѾޱȵӴɢϢ
ʮƷʿϵѪ⣬Сηٵĳɳﵽɱĵز
ͷʹ˷ܵĺһ
ܿģСηϵƤʼѡ
Ƥ䵽˵ϣѪ⡣
СηĽʹ࣬ȴɴž޴˷ܡ
ͨϬռ̬
֮֮֮
СηϵѪȫֻ֮ʣһӴɢϢڿС
鶴֮ڵѪԭĿĵƯŵģֻһֱСηˣڣöڿеʱʣѪͬҵȥһ㣬ӿСη
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ȫѪ֮ԭֻзԲһɴСѾͳ˷ԲɴСţʼſзȥ
ɵһĸ߶֮бб鶴ת˼Ȧƺҵ˺ʵĹʼһĹ̶Χ鶴죬ʼת
ʼתʱ鶴죬ʼһƬ֮С
ͣή
棬ʼ𽥵Ľ죬ʼʱڣ
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ԼأԼܹء
˿ռѷУڵı仯
Ԫţǿȡ
ؾңҾء
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Сηûģ鶴֮Сܹû֮ôܹ׵ͻƾƷﵽΪ
ѹֵȫɾҪ˴½նɱޣ
ѹ˾Ȼ˵ȫɾնɱ֮ͻƵ˰ɵΪ
Լ߹ģȫɾ߹·
΢΢Ц
ԼǷȫɾģȷʵ̫ˡ
ʱ򣬶˹ұһ
Ϊӵõ𣡡
ֻһ˲ұоѾ˷Ŀռѷ졣
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Ȼǿʵ˴½ɴ½֮£㵱Ϊһ
Ǻܸߵۡ
֮Ϊһ⼸ζ޵С
ȴں
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ڲŲʱ䣬ûģһĹһɱ㣬ֻҪһ˲䡣
˹ұеĻЦЦÿɷ
ʿԶҲ֪ƷͰ֮ĺ蹵ʲôط֮Ĳ࣬ǰһոճӤûʲô
ұޱȰԵĵƿʼסأһʱ֮䣬ƺأʼԷų⡣
ǰǿʵ֮һܹһ֮ĹһƬأܹųԼĶ֡
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Ķ֣ʲôʸͰɶԿ
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Ƭʿһ͵Ƭ档
һ֮Уܹչֳպͼ֤ʿܣ
һ֮£ԲǧԳ촷ۡ
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ٶȷ˻
м֣ǸзС
ⲻǣһƣͽСӴ˷ɻң
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ܣˡ
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⾪춯صһƣȻûиκεˣ
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㷽ǾƷʿӵ˰ɵսҲܸı
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ұ԰ɵܣŤת˹ȻŤתĹȴԶ֮еĹôƣ˿̼أ֮ǰΪҲõ˴½ϿɣȻûеŤתĵزѰҹұŤת¹ȴѵ顣
ģΪһɵƣѾˡ
ĵҪңǿ㱾ķɡ
ұЦˣŭЦ
ããã㲻Ƿɴ½Ͻеľ޵⣡ûܹע⵽ĴڣûһʼĨɱ㣬ǵĴ󣡲ڣûйƣҵʵҪ㣬ɲһѵ飡
Ϊǰɣͷ֪ͣҪ˶٣ûйҲܹ˲ɱ㣡
ǾԿɡ䵽˹ұеǰվʱԪӿȻͨ˫ţ뵽˵ϡ
ұһƻó޵棬ʼĻָ
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ͬʱǿҵİ׹⣬ðɶİ׹⣬ӿ˷ڡ
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֪ν
ұһһ֣һ޴ĳ
ںͷɴ½ʼ֮󣬹ұΪԼƳı
аԵ
һ֣ԺУ
Ŀ磬ڵϣѴ󵶣һ㡣
ţұо͵ͷһŷȥ
бͼ㣡ôոջָĵ棬ٴܵ˺
ұе˹֪Ϊʲôҵսл뵽Ҫѵָһ㣬ȴϡ
Ҳ㡣
ðƮƮĸ֣Ȼһ볤ìһͬӭȥ
Ϣ
Ȼеĳ볤ìȴϢĻ˷顣
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䣡
ʿͬʱոһӴıͻΪ˷ɻңıȱ֤ȫǼĶ֣
һ̣ǵĺʺ
Ϊ̵̫̫ͣ죬¾ҵĿ
ǿʿԾԼĿˮǺס
Ϊ治ɫһ֣볤ìٶȳ˷С
ô£ٵ˵ıȻܹ˲ָ
һʱ֮䣬еӵܣ˻ҵĸо
⵽ףһʲô


195 ز
һӡԷԪɵģȻоշ֮մɡ
ν棬Ȼ˳ͳìı壬Ȼʲô޷Ǿо뷽Ԫѡ
õ˴½ϵķ˿һҪʲôоʲôо
ٽ볤ìҲһ˲ѡ
ұٶնһ
ٶмܡ
ìٶȷ顣
ٶȳ֡
ұд˿ѾʧȥЦݣΪĺаԵϣѾʼѺۡ
֮صģ֮ȴӲģһ֮ìлԵġ
ײùұеıѺۡ
Ƿɴ½ϾƷʿıôϾǵ𲽼ǿıܳΪƷʿģһ㶼ǧʱģôʱڣܹԼıƵüޱȣӦս
ұƵıҲʮʱ䣬аɵΪıǷȱʱĥ
ÿ˶ԱԪƱԪɣܱƻʲôӣܹ˲ָ
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֮ǰչֳƣ;ﵽ˾ƷΪڣչֳƣֿʼڽζʲô
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ƷʿͻơǾǰɣ뵽һ㣬Ѿõİɣĵһ
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䳡
ΪʲôʵΪʲôڷɴ½Ԫܹγĸı䣬⣬û˻ȥ롣
ϵ֪ÿԷܹάĴڣȴȥΪʲôԷܹάĴڣеԭʲô
ޣ˴½ϵĶǲƻ½Ԫסڻɱǵʱ˴½мǣ㹻ĺôܹӳڴﵽƷ֮Ǿͣ˻ɱ޵ĲϵĴϣܹͻƺͳѣΪֻ֣
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˴½ϵʿͬ˵ΪЩޱȽԶԸͷƻ˴½
Ī֡


197 ǹ
Ƭ½ܴ󣬴еʿ޷Ĵ󣬶Ƭ½ܶطźܶ⣬˾סҪЩʿı价˴½øá֮ǰΪиǿȥı价ϾڼУͷ
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ڣǻ֪ǴĶ𣿡
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198 ƶ
Ļô󲿷ӵסˡ
ǰҪ˴½ʿģôΪʲô˴½Ĺ򣬻Ϊã
ԭܹıİɣڷǰȫʧȥҪ֪ͻˣҲֻǰɵľ磬ͬһģȴȫĿ˴½ϵĹȫɥʧԼϡ
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οһֱ˴½ͳΣ൱εģӵžȨ֮µʿʵϲûӵжٵȨ
նĻ˴½Ȩ޼УĻ˴½ʿǷǿߵϰߡ
ڣǿߣôǾֻзӡ
һǿΪ硣
ûʱǡ˴½Ѿȹ˺ܳʱ䣬ҽصɴ½ȥǲõģһܳʱ䣬õҪͳǡһֱǵ·ߴˣ˴½ʵȫɴ½ڷɴ½ӵԼҲǣֻǣɴ½ϵֲʽ
һʿǷ׷׸еԼܻˣҲεǣʵʵʼŷĽ
ɴ½Թռ˾󲿷ֵĵطʿɵĹңڱ߾ǿľԿ޵Ϯƽ񡣹ӵдԴأǷչԼʿϽƽ֣Ϊǲɴ½Ԫ
ڷɴ½ϣûôҵģĳ֮ܳ󣬸ıһһ˵ļ壬ڻķչ֮𽥵ĳΪڷɴ½ϵĹңһһչŹҵռ˷ɴ½õص㣬ǿԼʵͬʱҲµǣһĵز֮󣬻÷Ļᣬɽ硣
Ƿɴ½ϵĹҴڵ塣
ҲǽҪչĿꡣ
˴½ʵȷɴ½κһҲȻǿƵĵطȴҪСôࡣǵģҳ˴½Σգȫڼפ𣿡
У֪ķɴ½Ĺɷʽһһ˵˳
ûҪ˴½ϵʿҲϾ½ͬصҲ᲻ֻͬǰ˴½ļģʽȷʵ̫ˡ
Ҳ˴½ʿǵʵ֮ɴ½Σգʿɷģû˭οɴ½˴½ϵʿ˵δǸõط
켣ڷɴ½ϵħޣȫ޷ֻͨɱʿýԪӤǿԼʵӣûʲô˴½ϵʿԸ
Ҳǲ֪ɴ½ʲôӵģֻ˴½ǿϣȥɴ½ƴһƴ뷨ȴǴģھͿ֤ǿڷɴ½Ļ£Ƿûлұе뷨һʼǴġ
һ֣Ũð˳ڳеʿ档
Ƿɴ½ϵǿԳһ£ûЧȥɴ½ʿûУӦ֪Ҵǲġ
һ֮˴½ϵʿǣңȴϣ
ɴ½ȥĵط
֤ʵ
Ȼָ˴½ϵʿǣµϣ
ǲģ٣ѾµĿꡣ
Ѿû쵼ôշ˵ַȥƺҲһĸо
˴½ϵʿǷ׷׿ʼŽԼƻĻָʱ򣬶½ĳطһ꣬¶Ե΢Ц
վŵģ˾ܵһ뿪˾ҵӵܡ
˰ɣҾ˵ûˡϧôΪˡҲν֪֮Ӧôˣ룬ҲӦúȥк˰
ϣź䲻ķ˪֮ɫ


199 
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ԼϣĵطҲܶڽ;л𣬿Ҳкܶںʵλ¸·ƵĴԼһء
֧鿪˲ͬķ򣬷ҲһЩ̾Ϣĸо
ԼҲ˴½úͷɴ½һķɡ
ɴ½һƽĴ½ϣ˴½ڽҲ˵ĺƽ
ΪһйʿԴƽܹĴ½
ܹ˴½ͻƳڣﵽû˴ﵽİɾ磬Լ˴½꣬顣
ѹֵȫɾҲ˴½˺ܳʱͻƣԼû˴½һֱֻڷɴ½ϵĻҲûнĳɾͰɣ
ϾԨķ֮˴½֮ԼΪ˰ɾ磬鶴һĶ졣
˴½Ѿ֮¿޵УϾ˴½ĳϡ
صɴ½ĻԼսҲԵޱȵǿ󣬾ûй֮İԼڵİɾ磬ƺûܹȵϡ
ΨһźǣĿУûʳصɴ½ķ
ΪķֻǱұҵİɣԼĵļƷʿ˽⣬˾ͽ˾Ҳ֪
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Ҳѹ֣˴½ʿȥɴ½Υ˴½飬˵ģûƻ˴½ҲǸأˣǷֻɱĶ
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ȻĻ˴½ʿɱǣҲ޵
ɱЩصʿ÷ʲôҲʲôӰ죬İ˴½ϵʿǺԸܣҲܲ
˼ŵʱʼоڶ½ԶϰٹϢڷٵĽӽ
Ц
֪˾ǣϾ֮ǰѵʿ˴½õ֮ǰ뿪Ϊ˱˾ҵһ˿ԪڼȻΣǻҲ顣
ӿ˾ҵפС
˾ǻˣȥӭһ£˾ȻЦ
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˾˵ͷ飬ǻҪһ£ɢǺܱҪģϾҪҪĵ̣һĻЧʲߡ
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ӭһ˾ǣȻ󣬾Ǹʱˡ
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֪Լ᲻˴½ܸܹ˴½ڳŷɴ½ķ׷ϡ
ɴ½ƽ磬ϲģ˴½ܹǸӣôҲϲ
Ͼ磬ܹøˣһЩܣһЩĥѡ
Ըıһĸоܺá
飬߳˾ҵפأȴ˾ǵĵ
ܿģͿ˾ǣȺӵ΢ЦǷĵԵ΢Ц
ԭǴű׳飬㸶һάּĻ֣һһģѰŻָϣ
ȻѾ¶˾ģҲͬһ˾ģޱȼѵĵ·
ڣǲҪȥ·ˣĥѣͲǱҪܵġ
ϣŷĵЦݡ
ҲЦݣֻһ̣ϵЦݾͽסˡ
ǵ뿪˾ҵȺеÿһˣϾǶȹ˽ӽһʱ⣬ڣȺӵУȴһˡ
һ÷۵ģȴȻ֮ɫꡣ
귽ûмȴϣоһɺϤζ
˾ܱµʱڳ˾ҵǲ겢һʿڶûдﵽĳ˵һˡ
ܸܲҽһأЦ
۾ŵ꣬ʻȴ˾ҵĵЩĪ
ֻ˾ǣŹŹֵЦ⡣
ѽҪô˵ء
̯˫֣Ȼߵ˷ǰ
ֻ֣Ϊʲôӡ
û취ˣˣҿ˴½һﵽɾʿأôһЩŴڤЩһɵķҲȤѽأҵһҵһʼ
Ȼһ˼ĵڤʹ߻˴
þãܻһЩĪѵġ
긺ں˼ҲǵȺСһûе˾Ҹ˵ΣҾֻһˣû뵽Сӻ˲𣬾Ȼܹ¶ͻƵɣ֪һǴʲôֱӵЩ⣬ȻӻõģʱɺͷɣҲûʲôⰡ
ʲôܹõҪΪˣҲûļ𡣡ûĵ
˾˾ͷˮûн̸ˣ˾Сһ䣺Ŷλǡ
˵ǵϼǸ˾Ȼļһһ
˾ҵĵǲ㼯Ӹɳ
ǿۿ˾ȻģȻʬ˾Ȼ֮ͲˣȻ˻ܸǿʿˣҲһɣ
˼λҵʱҲû취˾ȻڨЦ
ع˾ҵӵǣ˻
û˱Ƕ˾Ȼĸ˾һֽģڳʱһֱά˾ҡ
ˣ˾ҵĵӣԸһ
ˣ˾ҵ˷ܵԱ
ţһõѽ
˾Ȼ۾˿ϵ̫Ȼ˺ķˣǱϾţͻ޵Ŀܰ
дͨɵľ飬ĽȻܿ졣ҡҡͷ
һ꣬Ȼû˴½УֻСһͣǻȥ˰˾Ȼ̾Ϣ
֮ʼö
ȻѾˣҪҪҸɴһѣ΢΢Ц
Ҫô
˾Ȼؿ˷һۣҾͲŷɴ½ϻ˰ʿ
ȻСЦԼ飬ʵ϶᲻ȡһʿ֮ǰֻǷȱ㹻ķѣ˴½ϣ飬ǿٳɵء
ҵóһˡ˾ȻԼ⻬°֮
ãҲһ顭ˣǲǷġ
˵仰һץ˾ȻȻȥ˲Ͳټ
ֻ˾ҵӵܡ
˰Σع˾Ŵ˾Ҫôչһ³̰
ϧǣеĺȴûеõκεĻӦ


200 ɽٻ
ѽҵĸоǺܺõġ
˾Ȼһҡͷ̾ϢһһСӣͱǰһҰǡ
Ұǣÿͷĸͷ˾ȻҪ࣬˾Ȼһͨ˵һͷܰˡ
ϧǣʮͷҰǣ˿Ȼϵȴȫ޷κεĶֻĿ˾Ȼ־׼һжǵʺȻ޾ĺڰ֮С
ַǺ׼ġ
Ÿڿеķ۵
ҵҲһܳɫ˰
˾ȻһͷҰǵʺţϣʼðһ˿˿Ѫ⡣
ѹʿҪҲһ̫׵飬һͨˣҪɱһͷǿҰޣܹҲõʱ̾Ϣ
˾Ȼһ߱ĿϢϤϢһ߻شģԳЩʾ˵ĺӣСʱɱҰޣܹΪʿ֮⣬ˣҲֻܹ޻֮ѸٵԼʵˡ
Ȼ飬ǿͨɵģκһƷʿһĺӵɹ
΢ЦҪʿ̫෴⡭˴½ô򣬴½֮⻹иӹĴ󺣣Ķ޼ɱġ˵˴½ˣɴ½ϵʿ˴½֪˶ٱȴ޷ȫĿ˴½Ƭ½͸ʿĵط
㵹һʿеࡣ
Ϊɵľ飬˾ȻٶȺܿ죬ܿſ۾
ʿҪ뷽跨ǵʵɣ㵹ã˴½ûܹ赲㣬ȴΪ˴½µĹ򡣡
Ϊǻ˽ǣҺ˽ǡɴ½ϵк棬Կ
һ֣鶴ڵһŨȻ˾Ȼ档
ȿȿȣ
˾ȻܿĴǱ˳ʲôҪ𣡾һҲʹ˺죡
ٺٵЦȻջǷɴ½ϵԷɴ½ϵǺܺõĶͨǿ壬ʿ
ûұ޴˾ȻĬһ֮
Ŷô˵ʡ
ұе뷨ʵйҴﵽ˰Ϊȴһֱ޷ʱҲҪȥɴ½Լʵ˾Ȼش
Ϊʲôûȥʡ
Ҳϣ½֮ս˾Ȼֱ׳Ļش𣺡ɴ½ϵĶǷɴ½ʿģΪʲôҪȥǵĶ
һ㶣ȻЦ
ðɣǸ̥ҲǸ̥ѹôġ
Ц᣺߰ɣǼȥɱһƷûʲô˰ɣ
Ҫҿ϶ûġ˾Ȼֱ׳ĵ
Ǿ߰ɡЦЦ˾Ȼݹȥ
˾ȻıԹܲܲҪҰô˵ҲʹˣصвУ
»һ⣬޷Ǹһ겻С޶ѣʲôϡģ
ӣڷķ˾Ȼнš
һͷһͷޱ˷˾Ȼǰ˾ȻҲʼϵĸɵЩ޷ޡ
ʵһһӡ
ڽһƷ֮󣬷ͳ˴Ŀʯҩģ˾ȻԼıɴ½ϵʿǣƱķҲַͨʽ˴½
˾ȻıǷǳԸı
˾ȻľϵʿģһͬһķֻһĹȲͬͷԲģǱģһȥްˣҲԽѡ
ôһıƵһҲ˲ˡ
ϷҲɱһúֻʹˣС˶ѡ˾ȻˣһƯĹ֮
úȥɱЩܷްɣ
һ֮󣬿ѾѸٻص˾ƷΪ˾Ȼ̾Ϣ
ʵҾãֻҪ㹻İ˴½ϵʿҪȷɴ½Ҫ׵öˡ
Ҳ˵˾Ȼҡҡͷʱ˵˲ٷɴ½ϵ飬ҲԷɴ½ʿķʽ˽⡣
˴½ϵǵʿȷʵܹٵȻʿսϣž޴Ĳ𡭡ķʽΪұѾԼɵľ飬Բܹٳɡ
˾Ȼֵɴ½еԴҲܹѸٵһƷʿľƷʿҲһȥľƷʿĶ֡ҷɴ½ÿÿϸʽĶʿžǿս
ʶҲܷĵ뿪ˡЦ
Ҫ뿪𣿡˾Ȼʵ
Ѿ˺ܳʱˣЩķɴ½ϵͷ
ұвһûӵˣӦ֪˴½Ҳڷɴ½ȡһ̣Ͼɴ½ôĻԶ˴½ܹġ
˾Ȼ˵ͷȻܹİգΪܹռݷɴ½ϵĵ̣ôɴ½һʲô⡣
΢΢ͷҲġ
ֻ֮ǰΪûѸٵĻȥڣ鶼ˣ˴½ʿɢʼԼĽ֮·˾ȻҲָ˾ƷΪҲָܻɵΪ˴½Ѿûʲôõĵˡ
ֻصɴ½û½Ĺ֧֣޷ǾһͨİΪã˾Ȼŷ
ʲôõġʼ򣺡Ĺ֮Ͳҵģ˴½ҵĶѣҲԶռȥҵĶʧȥʲôϧġ
룬ǾáһҪ㣬ȫɾǰ˵ɴ½ʵǿ쳯ɸͲʲô˵еĵɣҲкܶ࣬ڵʵҲԶԶûеܹڷɴ½Ϻеĵز˾Ȼ
һ㡭Һ˵ͷ
Խ˽⵽ȫɾ֮ǰ飬Խǰ;иաһɾȻɽ綼䣬жУôĶ֣һʲôĿµĴڣ
˰ɵʵҲԶԶûе͵ĵز
Ӵ˴½һֱ½ľͷһطԻڰԨĻԨͬǣڰԨû̫Σգȴ޾ĺڰʿκζĺڰɴ½ͨ档
棬ֻܿԼȥж·;ûжȷĻôͻʧںڰԨУﲻΣգȴҲȥĵط
ȻôѰңǹұôţЩֵʵ
ӦǣͨȻס·߰ɡϾֻҪܹ·ˣôܰ˶ȥ˾Ȼ֮
ҲǷɴ½ǱߵħǴ·˼
ǵģΪڰԨ˺֮ܶ꣬ǰȴû˵˭ܹҵͨɴ½ĵ·Ҳ˵Ƿɴ½Ǳ˰ɡ˾Ȼͷ
ˣôҲҪصɴ½ˣ˾ϣڽܹɽټ
˾Ȼ˻֣Ȼ廯Ϊһݹ⣬ʧ֮䡣
˾Ȼŷ뿪ıӰȻЦ
˾ƷΪҲܹһЩˣɽٻᡣ


201 ؼ
ݹ⣬Ʋٶȷš
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͵򡭡Ҳûʲô
ҲΪķ֣Ŷ˴½ҲһֱһиС
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ڹĴϣһһĳпʼ޽Ŵʿڽžݵ㡣
ʿֲɱǣɨƽһƬطǸõ
ЩʿΪ壬ӻ˸Ĳ䣬ֲ˴½ϣһһչԼ
⽫˴½ҵĳΡ
ھš׳̲ںϵȵ¼֮ʿ˴½ͳελ᳹׵ȹ
֪ûиõİ취ֻǾã˴½ɴ½ĸֵĻܶʿǶƽ񣬶һַǳõѡ
ʿᵣԼĪƽõԼƽᱻͻƻ޷žɱ˵ΪִͬһŴȶչѾǺܲˡ
ٶģһҲҲʲôţֻ˴½˾Ʒ֮ͻƷʽȻ˷ɴ½Ĺҷֲ˼һʽ
˴½ᷢչʲôӣҲûʲôס
һ·ɣ˿̵ٶȿʿģϾڿзУŷܹ֮ɵñȶķϵʿӵĿ죬ȻҲ£Ŵﵽ˼֮ء
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ɽϣʲôԨ
һֹţһ߿ʼɽ
ȻܷɣٸߵɽʿĽ£Ҳƽز˶١
ֻһʱܴģֱӵ㹻ǧɸߵĺڰ֮ɽ
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̵ģкڰԨȻеġ
ֹһ
ǰֵģһľ
ڰ֮ɽɽûƽ̨Ǽͬһѽһ㣬ֱָա
һķǿ϶ģɽֻʿп
˿̾һֻţɽϣǰһƽеģɢźڰĹâĶߣŴ
Բֻһܹ룬ڰĶߣͬڿһ㣬Σ㷽ٿҲ
ͷһ£֮£أȫûκεĺۼ
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˴½ѵǺͷɴ½ƽеһռ䣿ѹô˴½ʿȥɴ½ڷɴ½ħǣҲûҪص˴½
۾ʼع򣬲̽źڰԨе
İĴİޱȵİ
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·ֻ֯Ψһһ·ͨԶĵط
ĵط˴½Ĺ֮̽Ҳ޷̽鵽
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Ҳǵ֮ͽ̽˴½ߵĵش֮󣬾Ҳûԥ˺ڰԨ
ǿʶĴչΧԲĿռ䡣
ȻʾڷԺеģһ·ͼ
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ֹһԼʶ̽ʵ·뷨֮ǰ̽ģĵ·ʼ˹ȥ
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ڷһξ֮󣬷ˣڿռУ΢Ĺâ
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ʶչǧʱ򣬷˵ڶʯ
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෴ģɴ½ϵĿʯҩģ˴½Ҫģ˴½оҲͬǷɴ½Ҫġ
½ȫҪܹõĺ
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һеĻԼǰɵΪҲԪˣ
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֪ȴһܿµĶ֡
Էĳַ񣬶Էص㣬Էķⶼһܹ˲÷صĶ֡
ҲʵʵԶ緽ȻҲһоӶݣմĶ֣ô˵Ҳ鷳
ڷ˼ʱ򣬶ĳϿգһӰð˳
ƽϴһ˿ʹ࣬ĺϽһƬǷȫ֮ͳһʱɵ˺
ֻ΢΢Ĳһ£Ҳ̿˲ˡ
ͳһöҩ̷ȥƽŮӳ˼һᡣ
ǸǷôôˡҲ֪˴½׷ʲô顭
ܿģƽŮѸٵʧ˿У֪ȥ
ڰ֮󣬷Ҳ⴦ռ϶֮Уðͷ
һ⴦ϤϢԵЦ
ȻĪĴɱȻȴҲָ˻صɴ½ĵ·
Ȼڴ󺣵ϿգȻûֻǺһ¿ܹȷʵǷɴ½
ؼˣſ˫ۣմ
ɴ½ҡļҡ
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202 Ϯ
۾һ·ɴ½ķ硣
ʵ˴½ϵķҲûʲôͬͬģֻľѡ
ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ɴ½ôˡ
ڴǿģɴ½ϲܳʲô飬Ӱ쵽ϡ
۲һ̫ķ򣬷Լڶϡ
ǺҺǼҵĵ̡
ҵļפأڶĳСϣԴΪ˶Բĵ棬λãȴ
Ǽҵפأúܡ
ԷȵǼҵפȥһ
ʱȥˣҲ֪ҶԺҺǼûУɴ½ϵ󣬵ʲôطһУ֪
ҪҵϤˣڷɴ½ϵơ
ǼҵˣҲһõĿꡣ
ǼѾˣƺҲһĿ֤꣬Ѿʼƽˡ
ʵϷԶҵİΣģҺѧԺޱǿģ˫ĹϵҲǼΪеģǼңضҺѧԺĶ֣ɴ½ϵħȫǣҲѵֵռоƵĴ
֮󣬷Ѹݹ⣬Ŷ֮ɶݶȥ
Ǽңңɼһ壬ȻʵǼҼҲĶ֡
ʵ֮øӵļ򵥿ݡ
һ·ɣҲ˲ٺеޣЩ޴඼߰Ʒ֮䣬ֻݹ̫죬ޱʱ򣬷ѾȥԶˡ
вȱЩƷֻЩԼķΧǵǣʿάһֺƽ״̬׵ʿͻ
˷ϢҲ׵ĶԷ֡
һ·ֻһ̾ô󰡡
뵽ɴ½ΧƵģ˴ĺ󣬷һҪѰٱ߽ĳ嶯壬ʲôӵģ
ֻڻѰĴ𰸵ʱ
˵ĴڷķȻȷģյĵص㣬ȴԶ
ǼҵפأϷľɽߵʱȴǵϷ򡭡
ͷĶϷϷԵЩˣ˴зգƷʿҲһƬط棬ֻڽ棬ԶĻõ̫ıϡ
ȻȴڲԶһۿڣһ壬ռĴС棬Ե൱ķ
ʲôʱôˣ
Щķ˹ȥ
˿ǻƻ輴֮ʱǵĺ쳹أ洬ͷͷϣĸڵȴż˵Ĺÿ˵ϣҸ΢Ц
ɨһۣͷĴ󣬴ӷݵ͹ģڴ˴桪ѾԽһӦеˣҪ֪귽Ҵµȴ壬ǧˣϵȴ壬Ҳᳬˣӵ˿ڣ֮ϣ
ѾһµȳĹģˡ
Ĵ峤ƺǿ
Ҫһ㹻˿ڣƴǲġ㹻ĿȻɴ½ḻǴ塢ءĻȴ൱ϽģһܹռݵĵطҲܹ深ܡ
ӵ˿ڳȻ쵼ܹôȥʡ
ڴǵɫǲܹȥúܺá
ѵʿƷģʵǿʿȻûԶĵطȥġ
뵽
ߵأʺֲҪ棬ֻʳҪάô˵ӴĻΧضҪԶԶĳȫߡ
ôͱʵɫʿٷƶİȫߣơ
ȻʿĴڣôҲԴǿеõһЩϢġ
͵ʱͻȻüͷ壬̧ͷԶ
ԶʿϢɱɱǳġ
ʿƽڵɴ½ĳ˰
Ц
ڶڷɴ½йңʿƽ֣һɣҪƽʳȵȣҲҪõҩȥȻʿԶԶĳƽ񣬿ĳ̶ֳϣ˫ȫƽȵġ
פϰľӣķֵܵԼǵĳľӣǷɢȫʮķΧ֮ڣΪľǱƽ
ʿ޹˺ƽ񣬱ضõĳͷ
ڣΪٵʿɱĿһ壬ΪǰͱصפΧˡ
ڣȴö֮ĳö֮׼һ塣
Ƕڲ⣬ѾάµΰĻôܻ飡
ҪʻѾĿء¶Ц
ʱǣƺҲһ㡣
ģǵǲûлңںϵǲϵŬ˰ߣĸɵİ˴ֻ洬ʼź뿪˰ߣڿһ֮֮󣬲ͣ¶棬š
̶ʱڣѾ壬ֻʣ߸ˡ
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߸ˣվ˴棬侲ĵȴŽĵˡ
ƺ׼֤ȺһѾǵһˡ˼
ˣӦܿ죬ӦԺ侲Ƕƽȴܹ侲Ӧԣ˵кܺõˡ
һ˵ϵȴӣҲ޷мڵʿѣչֳķȴΪס
ͦ꣬Ϊ׵һѾﵽ˶ƷΪļҲһƷ۷ΪʿȻڶʲôڵطϣȴҲǲΪˡ
߸ʿԭӦһģ˿ǣسǡĵطһΰ֮ģǴ´ġ
ֻʿƺȻлûеǰѾжϳһ֧а˵ʿӣʵǿҲǶƷʿһƷʿֻȴϰﵽ۷ͨ쾳ĺ֣
һ֧ռƵġ
οϻƣ㹻סʿĻˣܹЩûзչɱ
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ϴˣƺҪǿһߴʿЦ
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ڵӣҪƽְɣһòõʿʡ
ġǻмɵġΪ׵ʿҡҡͷ
Ȼһ̣ʿͬʱɫ䡣
һò꣬ЦǼģǵڣ˷Ըӽ쿪ʼǿԶƽˣͿǼֹܹһ㣿죬ǾҪҴĨȥж֮ĲʿǵͳΣֻбɱķݣ
ƽ
Ϊ׵걬һŭȣѵͲҺĳͷ𣿡
ޣƽصһĭʲôƨңڶԹ˲Ͼˣӽ쿪ʼ֮Ƭصͳߣ磬ȰǻǹԹԵĽ˰ɣӦ֪ӵŶʵƾǼһܻסһƽڲǼɳһƷʿǣ
˵ܵôѧԺӰ粻мĵ


203 
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ƽĻȴĲûжĵȰһ䡣
Ц
ѧԺûжԵǣƽѡ߸ͨƽѧԺ̤ĵ·ûѧԺĵʦǣǿ޷̤ĵ·˵ȥǵ١ллˣֵܻصΪǵļңҪǵļܹʿǻصĿꡣƽֻǼû̫СʿĴ£ǹܲˣҲûʲôȥܣ㻹ͬѧľĻ߰ɣӣǣҲʲôġ
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ۿһҰҪʱЦҪȺеʮʿȻ֣Լ壬Ȼ˿ܶ
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ƽѪսҪԲȻѧԺԺȵʱʵԶԶ磬Ȼطǿ磬ȴûܹԺԪˣǿͻƵ˶ƷȴҲȣ෴뿪ԺʱȻֻʵڻصҴ֮⼸꣬ƽ񣬸ģʾͲȻͻƵ˶ƷȴüΪʵ
һ𣬻ƽЩԲסˡ
ġ
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Ҳû׷ȻʵҪʤƽȻҪɱ֣ȴҲ׵һ¡
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ϾʮڵʿһȺ۷嶼ûдﵽ鴫ȥǻΪɴ½Цġ
Ҳ֪ʮλʿͻȻʲôëƽҲƽҪӵľٶʹȥɺã
絹µˣֻϣˡ
Ǳҵġ
ƽҧгݵĵ
һ˿׵ϢֵͬʱһĿŻƽ
ǱϾֻɢޣƽǼʿȻڻƼѾˣϵĵһֻǻƽƷʿһƷʿҲȻƼҴôãܻеҵףɢ޲̫һ
ƽ˼䣬ʱһˮȻ䡣
ʱһð˳
ɫˣɫϢڷɴ½ϲûУϾˮϵʿвðڹģǾˮϵʿϵĺڹҲôŨ
Ũãͬҹһ㡣
ðʱ򣬾𽥵뿪˻ƽ壬˻ƽǰĵϡ
ĺ䶯ţĲƳһ
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һʲô
һɷһ߲ȱȫ塣
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˵۾ͬʱˣΪˡɢֻһеϢΪȻ̺۴ȴʶģ
⡭ǻ˳ĸ磿ѧԺĽԱƽȻĸŪ⸱ӣ
ȻʶǺֵܶ࣬ͬʱ˴˵еġܡ
ÿʿ٣Ͼеʿóսеʿóеʿóأеʿóӳ֣еʿóٿؿܡ
ʲôϵʿص˵ԷΪְҵóսսʿóǷʦóǻóӳֵʿóٿؿܵģٻʦ
һٻʦٻĿܣǺͱķйϵģľϵʿٻľܣϵʿٻǽܡ
ص㣬ľóóóˮܰǿܹȼһС
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Ϊܵʿһ㶼ܹʵĸƷ̣սͬʿҪӵǿȻȴʧȥǣֻܵٿߵĿơ
˳һ㣬ֻһһƷʿڱ˹ܣȴܹչֳƷʿʵ
֪ʲô
ƽĴЦҸΪңŸԸɿܵģֻͬħҪ󣬱ɿܣħŻְǿʵڣҸ罫᳹׵ĳΪҵػЩǰϣȥɣ
Żƽĺܻ˳ɢɱ
磬ɵǰ߸һƽ
˳ͳĺһȻ̧ͷֵܡ
ҧҧֵǣƴˣǲڵġ֮ǰˣⲻǸĳսǺħϵħ޵ƣ˵ǣеƽ񶼻ģôƴ˰ɣ
ƴˣ׵ͬʱŭһȻ߸һ֣ͬԼķ
ΪʱֵܾΪ֮ޱϤһͬģǺܹܺԼķ޶ȵļ⼸ʱֵһͬһͬׯĬ棬ʤǰ
ܻ˳˿չֳģǽƷﵽƷڵΪҲҪȫһƴ
֮һ֮ںϣջ۳һǿĹâٵ˻˳
ܻ˳ķӦƺеڸոתʱ˺Ĺ⻪Ѿؿڣ
¡һ⻪ʵʵĴ˻˳ؿڣǿҵĺ֮£ƺࡣ


204 
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ɫȴЩѿ
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ɢȥȻµĻ˳˵ǰ
״ʧɫôһ¶ûУ

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Ҵ壬ɢʵǿĵطĵطȻҲɢ޵ĴڣȴûҴ߸ƷʿĬ
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ҪӣĻǰûأû뵽뿪ô꣬ɴ½ϵĹأͱ˰
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ļһţҲûʲô˰ɣҲţΪĵܵܺļ壿Һܸжֻĵܵܺļ壬ܿҪˣôͰĵȥɡ
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ްΪʲôƫƫһ
ŭĻƽûע⵽Լ꣬Ѿĺɫ
Ůݳһ˿Ц⡣
ƽ֪Ѿɢûж೤ʱˣ˭Ȳ
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ֻ֮󣬾ں޵һҲκεļ䡣
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ƽĲл꣬ɢһ˿ʡ
ֻҪұݼ䣬ʲôҶӦ
ֻҪţҾлҷ𣡡
ܻʲôڸҴӦˣ
Żƽ˻ߵŮ΢΢Ц


205 ǧ
ԭǵʱѧԺҵ֮󣬾ǻصﰡ
ź磬ȻªȴĽԵ΢ЦҲʼԼú
ǰǼֵҲûʲôرҰģҴ壬ܹøһ㡣
Ц
ϧʱ̫̣Ҳֻм˵̳ˣͻƵ죬ǾҸ͵ѧԺȥѧϰƫ飬ջ𡣡׺һھ֮
ղĹɣȻǾºҲܰʮʿͱԷٱ
ЦЦȻ飬ȻĻȻʿʿͨĺƽž޴ƣôĪıͱ
׳ʲôˣ
ûзϻֱ˵ʡ
׶һۣȻ̾Ϣ
ǰҺǼҷˡ
ǷΪǺħйᡣĵ
д˵һֱû֤ݡǼֻСʿάһˮİǾ㹻ˣĳ飬û̫ɵġ
翴ŷϿҵĵ
ǵ뷨˵ͷȻҺǼңǺħйᣬЩħ޷ڷɴ½ĻΨһ·;ǻɱʿĽ𵤺ԪӤʵʵԽǿħޣϵԽء
ѾȷˣǴȥطͶǲݵսûǱĿܡǾǵģĸô졣̾һ
ȱ˵ҺǼҾʵǿֺħйᣬԶҵʵƽѻһ׵飬˵ҺѧԺĴ˴ҺܰȺһˣΪʲôǻôŵӣûκιǵƽҲҪ֣üͷʡ
һֱԿѾֻΪ׵ļ壬СҲͶ˺ǱߣǲǺ˵ҺѧԺԼҲ˴鷳޷ԸѾ̾Ϣ
ֻ𡭡˳˼һֱҵļʵܣѧԺһҲǧ˿Ƹ᲻ϵĹϵڰ˴ʵҲǾ׵ģֻҺһּԸǼԼħĻܼҲġ
ӵǿҺѧԺʲô鷳ڳƽڻ
Ҫ½ȥܹ׵׷ʲôˡˣ磬˵ҵûУ
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¶һ˿Ц⡣
Цܿ͵ȥˣȫսУɫı֣ҲضΪͷ񣬾ҺǼҵĸӹûԷʲô𺦣ֻҪҺǼұҵóһ֣ԶԷɲĥ𺦣
Ҫ֪ڷ뿪ʱҵĸ߶ȺڵͬѧǣԸһͼ϶㹻ˣȻԸͼ壬ֻҪһңڵʿ֣ûֵܹ
Ҳٵˣҵȥҵ磬ҲһȥɣϾǺΣա
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ǡҲסһ𣿡һĭСһ䡣
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ҪȥҲͨͬ⡣
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οԷڰɵΪûĶ֣ӲĻ鶴⡣
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ҵ㲻ЦǼҸоѡصȷģȥطְĻδܹڵʵ
ĵ˵ͷںߣڸϵߣǶ˿ؽƽ͵̬̬֮£ǵʵȻûнԺЩѧԱ죬ȴѾԶԶĳ˺ܶɢޡ
Ҫ֪һûʲôҲûκԴֵ֧ĵطȡõĳɼ
ǧʺԼģȷĵ·
˵ǵĵ·ûѡ
׼ɡңҵľ棬̫õġһ߾ҵܣöָ֮ǰֺƽӣ


206 ʿս
˿տյһۣЦЦݹȥ
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뿪һĹݹ⣬ҴϿա
Ϊ׵һشüͷ˿Ѿտյ壬ҡҡͷ
ǼһѾˡǽɨǵĺ˵Ǹ˼ȻƼҶܹͲܹģϱȥħôɡ
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Ϊ߾Ĵͳ֮һɳ÷ǳĿ졣
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ҲǼѾȷ˺ҺǼйܹһʱѹ֧߾͵ùˣû̫עǣڲ˷ѣϺҺǼ˽ĽӦֻһҹ֮䣬֧߾߽⣬һͳ컹ҵңڸֻɱͳԼױһڶҵʿ˳ͼһ
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ǳǽϵļǳǽµĺ侲Ĺ۲žƣϣܹӶԷָѰ
ʿ֮սͷ֮սͬÿʿǸ壬Ҳܹӳ˵ƻָߴѹ͸Ϊǲһ˿©
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ѾǵļҲˣȻڳǵģͽ޴Ҫ


208 ׷ת
ҪǶΪ߾ṩֵܹңʿռҪϾǶﵽңʵʿҲˣƷʿѾһ֧߾ͳˣһĶȻȻһңڵĶ֣ҪǾ⡣
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ſڵϣŵ洫ӴȻȴ޷ӵһۻķҲȫûлʩչ
ͬǺͱȺмʶˣһ˼֮󣬺Ȼĺ⡭ǰɵĸı֮𣿡
ףתĵû뵽㻹еʶûھǰɵΪ
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ǵøлǹħǡ˴½ϴôãӵ˰ɵΪܴӳЦ
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ȣ㲻ҪңһǸֻһЩѡЩһǱץסˣȴûסǣǾӦнֵķɣµĶǰȺһﰤˣ뿪˵ԼЦ
ΪʲôҪ뿪Ǵʱʤṇ̶̀ȡһƬʱ򰡡һ㶡
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İɣȻа취Ƕߡһ죬ܶˣܹߡЦ
죿Ǵģ
ҼֵܲͬΪӵܣ֪Ǹʲôܹ֮ΪңӵһźܴĹϵ
ѧԺܹ֮ΪұȻҲΪӵʮеĽԴء
ؾһңȸظõС죬СõģǴ죡
Ȼӵһ죡
СӣǴиԵ֮ˡǰһ㹫㣬ˣڿ˭ʻһ̾
˵ĻͲ㣿ЦЦĵ
˸սתͷĺǣȺѵһҽסˡ˶Ҵ˫˫ţסǵĽ𵤺ԪԼָȥںͺ쵰˾ùǣþеǳζ


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ѵǷ˲ҽ
ȻǶʿֶϽʲôҲܹԼָǼµĶŭһּݣ𵤺ԪʱҲ˿ǣȺѵڵȥ
ͺΪ׵ģǱǺúһֹֽţȫǽڶ䣬þеĶ붨סԪȻ˸ʵʵ
һʼŭͿʼˣүʲôʱܹƤ֮ࣿǾҲûһġ
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ͷһۣȻЦǴǺܳԣģµĶܵôνɱȺѾõôˡ
ǵȻȻиֶΣǵĽ𵤻ԪǾԪҲܹǹԹԵĳΪ²
˵ͷȻȣ㻹˵һôˣôȻаɵΪˣ
ȥħ꣬ȻͻˡЦŲĻ⣬ŵ˵˵ڵưɣĵġʲô
ȷʵĵ⡣
ȻһҶܹǣסѾôʲôñǿöĶٷӣ޷ƽѣ
˵ͳ
Ϊս
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ǳɻڷɴ½ҲǴһβ̵ʱˣȴûս顣
֮ǰɴ½ϵ֮Ҳǻսģ˵ս˵ϰ˫ĽսΪ˶ʿսϾȱսʿܹӳսҲһ㡣
˴½ЩңڵʿһӣȱʵսǣĽУȫһ·սгɳķĶ֡
սСΧģ߾һһַֻùڵľȥսôסĴ
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ԭɴ½֮ϣ쳯ǶʮĸңÿңǶǶ֮һҲǶ½еڶǿĹҡ
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Ѿల˺ܶ꣬Ȼ쳯ƺĺƽøʿɳķ½ʼսܹģÿ½ֻһҡЦ
Ҳ˵½Ҳֻһң൱Ĳ˼顣
ǵģǹսͿʼˣǹҵʵʱȰȶڲҲõģ˭Ҳû뵽أȻôǿʵ
ڹսʼ֮󣬺ҺǼҾͷˣ׼ĶѾұսǣס˺ҺǼҵҵĴڵ֮УֻҪܹң׾ٵ顣
Ȼû뵽ǣ½عȻǿʵ
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֮󣬾ǿľҲֻԹսΪ쳯Ĺء
֮ڣйռôܹͳƬ½ܣάԭ״
쳯һ飬Ҳǵһ顣
Ҫָ֪ľ棬ܹ˲ţһһͳܹ˲š
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Щջĵ½飬ӦɸԼ
˵˵Ҫ֪½ʮĹڵ壬άһ֮⣬Ϊ쳯˲ţ쳯ڵΪɽ˲šЦ
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ÿһҲһܹ꣬쳯嵽ʮλƷ۷ʿģĻһܹ͵쳯ģѧԺλԺͱ߾ͳ켧ɭƷ۷ʿܹȡǵģҲѡȻܣ˵ҲνˣĹ͵ĶʿеıǶ࣬еı٣ÿһмλġ
½ʮĹÿҲаƷ۷ʿܹȥ쳯ȻΪ˽ɽŬˣѾ˰ɡ
ȷʵˣҪ֪˴½ĻۣҲǰƷʿɶѣĻ࣬ʵԶɴ½ȴҲǿ϶ġ
ǲͰǾ˵ɽ˲٣Ծ÷ɴ½ܹȥˣϣһ£½ͳһ֮ǷܹṩĶʿȥҡͷ
ҲЩȻɴ½ĴھΪɽṩѪҺôɽ飬ҲģҪһ¸ַʽ
Ȼȴֻǣ˵ĸ飿
ʿһŭҲͻ˼޹ƽĪ꣬ɽһҲͬʿĪꡣ
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֮սҲ᲻ϵĳȥ
ؼȻΪǶ½һǿôǱضӵǿʵѹֶҾӣļ壬ѧԺȫǣ߽磬
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ҪռݵģžǶԭռݵĹĮذɡ
ԭش֮ԴΪ壬ʹ쳯ĺϷλȻչʵƻǻۡ
ϧǣѾĿģѾˡ
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㲻֪㹫ڷҰ֪ʲôʱѾͻƵƷΪңڵĴ֣Ѿѹ·ңϵ۽ҷҵĵλûҪѾȥҲһ£ҲֻԷΪûרĽ
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ԭ㲢ûңǻص˷ңһͻƵƷΪһңڵĸ򣬷ҾĸҪһЩܹչֳսҲһ֧߾Ҫǿöˡ
ӣ̲ס¶һ˿Ц⡣
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ĻӦ˷ɣƽѾ׾ٵ飿ղžͶ֮䣬˶ԷʮѾƴмʮˣ
˿ֻصжһɡ


210 ֮
ǧƽӿ룬ȴû鶴ʲôӵĸо
Ͼ鶴Ŀռ䣬ĹҪǴ֮ԣ֮⣬ԣҲԶԶǸܹġ
ŨýƽʿǶǾһǴ󿤣һ㶼ȱ㹻£ڵʱ˽鶴죬־еݣдӴϲĸϡϡݵļûиѾκʣҲˡ
ʿսҲڴڣѴ˴ĴѾҪ½ŦתֵûѺôĹ
ڽһƬյ֮󣬷һˣ𿤡
ݼ鱨ѾˣֻɽﲢǽͨҪأֱȽѿУԲû⵽ѾļйڣӦûʲôġ
ȻϾһֱΧ֮У鱨Ҳͨ˿̵ķңѾͷ
վڷҵĳǽ֮ϣüͷԶ
פصĵΣѹ֮ɽ滷ɽڼ֮ЯĴϣɽ˽շõֻܴ
Ϊ·ҵפҪ̫൱òʧѾһֱûô򷽼ҡ
οڷҵ൱ǿ
һֵȻѾɹͻƵƷļ㣬ԭ츳ˣڻľͻƵƷ֮󣬸ϵͻԼԼʵһ㣬ɹͻ˳ڣﵽңڡ
Ҫ֪ѾҲǺҺǼңϵս޷Ǿʮңʿѣһңڵʿ򣬷Ҿ͹
οӴѹ֮£ҵʵѾ췭ظı仯
˵УƷͻƵƷнƷͻƵƷ󲿷ַӪʿʵһԾλڵʿ÷ҵʵѾԳΪ˴֮µĵһ塣
ֺĽΪˣ֮ǰһƷʿѾͻƵƷ
ټԭֻǺķӵǣ׷ͻƵ죬е츳ɫĵӸѾͻƵ˴ڣ÷ҵĵһӾͱúʵ
ټ֮ǰЩĴʦӵдʯҩĵ֧֮£ķе䷨˵ĵҩ˳ԱķңѾӵޱǿʵ
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ֺüͷͨԾֻƷΪȴɺͿ˵һͬΪ˼֡
ִ󵱼˵ûǷʲô飬ǲŻҪбһ֪㹫Ĵڵģôӵĸ֣ضһңڵʿܹ㹫˵еͷ
߷ϵһºܸܲһЩ֧ԮתͷԸŵһʿȭΪתȥ
ϵȷʵһǿսǻ𣿶ʿ֮սǣǲǲ̫ã˵Щԥĵ
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ȻԵĶ֣ѾǺħ޹Ѿǣɴ½ĵˣֻǶġ
Ȼһֱû֤ݣǼޱţѾضǱħƿصģȻǶԸħޣôԸǣҲʲô
ǣǻ𣿡ֺüͷսʼʱ򣬷ǳ֣Ȼȴܾ˷ҪǲԸʿ֮Ľ֡
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˵̲סһǰĳǶ⣺ָӲǲϸ޽ҪķȻĻ޽ҳﻹʲôѾ
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ҪܺңʿԺĴɱȻԼŮôأ˭֪ڻ
ֻǼĻ·פˣҲϰӼָӣϾһЩȴҲһ൱ɫͳ˧
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ǣܹסĻôѾĴѹҲǷܹԿġ
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ٵĸӹѾһƻɱ
Ѫɺӡ
ĶݹʱÿԪ׺Ԫͬʱ͵ڵֵһ֮ӹ쵼ߣͬʱˡ
Ƿҳܵĵһνѡ


211 ת
ᡣ

˵ŭ
ֺĬһǹǰĵͱ˸Դ
ӪѧԱڷֿ
ѾǵĴЦ
սŸ
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֣Ҳǵ飬ʲôùֵġЦûȤڷһֱȥǷҹλãһֱλԴͷء
һֱȥЩԥ룬ȻŵȻˣҾգ˵˰ֻȾƴܣǲܵġ
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ѾΪ׵ңʿʢŭ֮һٻɱʮѾȴҲ²ȫɱϾм󲿷ֶʿֻ쵼ߵ֮·ҶѣûͷͷԣҲƲʲô˻
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֮ǰսֻΪûб·ߣѾԸңҪĿģ÷ҵҪвˣûκεá
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鶴еʿƽ뿪ˣΪ֪᲻ƽܵˡ
ʵ鶴Ũɽ֪ɽҪվöɽҲ֪ж٣򵥵ķ鶴ڣ޽µķפء
ȻɽµķפأȴǷ˴СĵطƬصĸ飬Ǹ᲻
Ҳͬ᲻
԰֮Ųɽ̫ѵ飬ɣɽ֮ܡ
Ȼɽͨ鶴ϣ鶴죬飬Ҳû̫İա
ŲɽͬʱҪԼľ鶴ƵĳŴ൱ڷһҪ̵ɽ飬Ƿǳѡ
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ûнɽתƵ鶴ڣԼľ鶴ڣɽװȥ
һϵеĶԵ÷ǳĿ졣
ɽôʧڿеʱеʿͬʱһ


212 Ѿĩ·
ɽתƵ鶴֮鶴ƽԭм䣬һɽ
ҵĳԱ鶴֮ǿĵĿʼɽ½®סǵļҡ
ڵƽЩĽĿţ֪ԵҲǿģǱϾǶ񣬷Ҳܴôһͬ
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215 ׳н
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վһʿϣǷڣȻûǷħôҪ
Ҷһ֮
ڣҪ
Ϸ˽ǧ꣬ҲˡڴЦ


216 һ
Դħ棬ɱĺҶҵӵǺЦţȴżˡ
ǲֻòֵãڣǵȻֵõģ󲿷ּӵ˳ȥħ޵鴫ɴ½Ǽţò˶ãҶµĿǣͻ顣
Ҷǰ̤һȻǽͱˡ
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ֻԼħޣܹʿľѪϵĸõԼΪ㹻ʿѪ֮󣬳ɹΪ½ĵɲΡ
ϢȥˣԼٶԼڰɵΪ쳯Ķȥã
˹ɻƽ֮⣬Ŀܣɵʵжٶȣȫûһ·ɱɴ½ʿһֱȡ㹻ʿѪ֮ͻƵɣ
ʱռһΪԼĻأҲһ
Ҷ̵Цڣи׳нں̶ܴӻɵٶȣյĽɻעңҲڷɴ½κε
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ҶӵܵĶ䣬ɱǿ϶ģڻɱ֮ǰҲҪǵϣҲò
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Ȼһǻ뻹ǻĺᱣôǻЦȥ
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ο˱仯һܹԿħķô֮ǰԼͲ̫ˡ
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ܿģսֻʣ˷ͺҶˣԼƽһɣǧܴ
սһ


217 
ݽ֮һƬƽԭ
˷˵磬˹һƬƽԭضΪһܼ壬Ȼڷɴ½ϣֵĴɼƬƽԭ֣Χûɽ֣ûˮҲر˾ӡ
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ֻҪʱ䣬ܸһ㣬ڣʱ䶼ǣҶŭ
ǸװĻ޷ҵġǵΪаģа񣬱ضҪܵͷٶȾԼĳ޷ͷǣҲҪǶס


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ħоĺڷȷʵǲͬ졣
һһ꣬Ĵӻƽ˳Լɼ꣬һڿжԷ¡صĴȻһһɢȥͶֻ֮С
ʿͶֻأҲתĻᣬȻ޷ǰļ䣬ȴ޵ĺӡ
Ȼħɵʿȴ޷תֻܳΪħ޵֣Զ޳ͷ֮ա
ҲΪԵʣʿħ֮䣬ŻûκεĽԣһ
걻ͷ˳һʿȥתʱ򣬻ƽ·ҲѾߵ˾ͷ
ûκεĲɻңҲڷ֮Уõ޴档
ջ֣һ
ƽˣʣһҶǾͺýöˡ
ֻҪܰҳ
ڵǣǧܣǧƽΪܱԼɱǾͻͻƽһҲҲ޷תĿ
²֡
Եˣ飬ȻЩ޹ƽȴ޷ķʽ
ȻֹڣǧҲֻռ˶ٷ֮һȻܹ׵ķ
սҲǣ浽ƽ
ǣûзЩ˵ʹࡣ
Ҳֻ˯һʱˡ
ҡҡͷܻɱҲܰЩܷųȥҪ֪ûָӵ£ܿģһɢȥôڷɴ½ϵƽһѣ

еĿܣţռתеĿȫתƵһ˼ĵطţյôһԲǧĳǽǧܣȫΧм䡣
ȻغۼĽƣһ
ȰЩܷȵɱ˺Ҷٿеħ᲻
ܽȻãܽʱ취
ǻа취ġ
һ֮󣬷İƣܿ˿Ȼݹ⣬ȥ
ҪȥģǶԼѧԺȫۼĵط
һЩ飬Ҫһ£ܸõĽģԼȻѾǰΪȻҲһˣе顣
ο鶴ڻôƽʿҲҪҵط


219 İ취
򣬶ء
˿˫ָ󣬹ۿŹ಻ģһͷشӪʡ
أǶҪһذ
˵ǹذ˵һӴĿҪ
һ滷͵й
Ǳࡣ
Ϸϳ
ȻͱĵطɭִнضϣԶ빹̫в˫ϵһҲãڱֻ·߾ʮһֻҪĿǽɭ޾޳
ϷϳȻֻѷ룬ͶĹϵҲ̫ãȻϷѧԺϳżЩʲôϷߣһ·˶أȴѧԺĳ㳲ϳŷӣͳҲѧԺԺ£ʶϷ߾ϣҲֻ֧߾Ա⡣
£󲿷־սϡ
ԭܼ򵥣սѹ
ҪԵµıκ䣬жһǿصʿ񣬶ڶ˵ĵ˴Ͳޣ
ԣ󲿷־ߣǱ߾ʮ֧һٶʮǼ˷ͳֲűҵû߲齨õı߾ڱɱģзḻְҵˡ
ҵĵ֣Ʒ۷Ϊļɭͳ죬Ҳʮߣ˵һı߾лдĴʿĻôɭͳʮǳڵʿƶһ֧
ҲΪˣشĽʱߣû䡣
½ǿңһչĲɱ
ҪһͳΪ½ǿĸ֮һ
룬ҪѾѹ
ࡢԺκңѾֱع£ϳ˵Ҳ̫ã߾Ѿشƣǡ
ֵģֻʣ¶ˡ
ϣ´Ϣϳ۫ѱƣϳѾ޷ֿˡ
ɭͳߵ˼
ɺޣѾ£Ȼ֧һлǣԳûָԱǣϳѾˣֻʣǶԿأϷĴһϣǿҲסǣ
ԱߵļصĴһ³ǽŭȵ
ҡҡͷ
̾Ϣ⣬ѾʱңսʱʼҶһڴʱҵҲֻƴȫ
ѧԺԺվԣĬȻ
ڣѾ߶˵ѧԺԺڴˣƣӴ
Ȼڣȴ԰ǣڴ˵أƾþ˸ַ޷ͻƶԷĴ
֧ͳ˧ؾƷ۷Ȼͳ˧֧ģȴصһ𣬴˾ͨԣñҲǾƷϵ۷ʿսκ´󹦵ľ
ڱѷ£Ӳס˶ܹȫɨϳɨƽϰ
ڣϳѾȵһһ룬Ļֵܹס
ɭͳһѾǶǿˣȻͰǲһ
ˡĺɽ˺а˴˿ҲֻĬȻȻƬ½ǿʿóǽӵܺ͸ͳⷽ棬ʵڲóġ
ҡҡͷתͷ΢΢һ֮˫ĹǸˣҶܣûܰԱิԼҶδʤ
վڼŮͬʱһһΪŮӣʶġ
Ϊ˫ģ˫ΪĹģۡ
ö񣬶һֱҴཻãȻҸҲǱƵʱ컹սӵǰ֧ԮɺؾȻǿʵǵȴսĻᣬҲǵȴ˺ܾˡ۵
Ҵһֱʹвĵط˫ڴ򼧲ǣܹͬЭһʼֶԿصĻҲý³˫
ˣ˵Щͼˡ
Ц֮Լʱ䣬ֻֿܾѹҪסѣȻشȥͣʮ֮ңƣҲûлᡣʱҶ뼼ʿ㲼ش棬ɧţͻϮأӻǽΣҪĴ̿ͺͱԵˡ
岻ݴǡ˫˹ֿ֣شıԲӲãȻʮȻسǣ;ϮɧȴǱУض߾ȫ
ұྣϽ֮ѵĴ̿ͣȻڵشĹ٣Ҳδս֮ʿƻоزͽˡҲͬش
ˣпΪ
˵ͷתͷԺѧԺĴҲóõʱˡ
˵˵ͷԺ۵鱦ʱ齨ڱҶƵϣɢֻҪһʱ䣬Ҿܽɿɿһս֮
аҲЦԺȻ࣬ȴǱԺѵӵܣҲ԰ĹµĴ̿ء
ĺɽڱѧԺԺԺԺ㹻ǿԺ¼ҹһʱԵԺµˡ
ϣĪҪҲҪԺĽԴʱٲİĺɽ˵ļ
Ҫ׼ҵֺòãĺɽ˵˵
ֳգʼ𲽻ȻƶӣǣҲûһս֮
Ա϶ӴսǱȫԱĻһ̣еô
ϾǲҪشֻҪ޵֮ǰͲˡ
սϾսʵ֮ǰսУɥʿ࣬󲿷ʿǱ֮޷ս
ĹĹУǲսĹʿ֮󣬶ܹٲ뵽սУҲҪñͳδµĵطҪģֻǹǣǾ㹻ˡ
֮ǰҼսһ쳯սĿģΪ˿һ¸սǱܹܲѡγ˲ţô½ѪɺӣԪɥ
ԲʧܵıԺͱ࣬ҲֻûڹսгֵûڹսгֵĲ룬ء
ĶʿΪڹսгֹҲҲκεĲΪ
˫ۣսʼʱڶӵ֪ܳϢ׼عսʱǹҵǣѾˡ
û취УԹ̿ͣóصĹȣֻκشĽ֮£ֿһʱ䣬ҲΪκȫûʸԮ롣
ڣһعѾϳ·ϣҪؽøѣֻѡԿռ任ʱ䣬ʣµʱ䣬޷͵ĳǽ
һˣȻʲôѡ
ɭͳһ߾أضþضãѧԺԺȥѵ±ҵĸǣһ·ͨ͵ĵ·ϣ㲼ȡʱ䡣
İ취ҲǶܹģŬ


220 ĿϾ

ʱ򣬳ǽϵȫתͷеĹעš
µ鱨ǴµĿǡ
ϣдӵ֣ܳǴսµ
Ѹ˵仰̽һ档
ֽӹȻԼʶ͸Уʼϸ̽
ţɫ䡣
֣ôˣʡ
һ˿ΧߵسŵսѾչս֮ڣѾɱ룬ۿҪȫʤ˭֪
ϵ鱨ǳϸϾӳӵ֪ȫܡ
ħ޳֣ǧƽ񣬲ѾѪ⾫ѪһħһɿܵʱڳȻ϶Ǵ½ӢһȺʿȴҲͬʱɫ䣡
֪ĺ
֮ħޣûκʿܹ赲
óȻ赲ֻԼѪΪýħٶ׳󣬵˵ɵľ磬쳯Ҳû赲ɽ֣
Ȼɽ磬û֣Ͼ˵ɴ½˵ǻԵģ쳯ʹߣ޷ҲǰɻߵɵΪѣԸһɣҲû̫İ취
ڵѾϸĴ˹ҰħûκοԼʵأȻѸٺشɺͽ⣬¶ҲҪ쳯ɳ֣ħûΪʱ򣬽նɱԳ󻼣
ǴʱΨһܹġ㶫Ҳħڷɴ½վȽŸ
ϵĵ׼ʹߣ֪ͨأ쳯ʹ֪£·ͬСɣʿ֮ìܣʿħ֮ĲͬĹϵ
ĬȻ˫ͼĹҲףĻȷġ
ұˣʿͬֻǻһͳߣħռ˶룬ڳʿѪɵĵزôɴ½գ
ħ޵ܹ֮ѸĶʿֻҪ㹻ʿΪþС
ȵվ˽Ÿôͻһ鲼ɴ½
ҲֻҪռݶĹǵʵˣͻҪռ½ϷĴ½㹻ʵ֮쳯
ĺκʿ̵ġ
ʿħ޵ĶԿǰһйҵ棬ǴҪġ
ħޣиĿܵģȻûħޣһڣҲᱻ
˶Ĭʱ򣬵ڶս
ģȴʲôҵӵܣҵļڣż˷ﵥ˶ϡ
úܿ졣
ҲԵɵģϾȳ˵ӵܣǱϢҪܣǵһʱ͵˼ڵֲͬΪһļ֮Ѹٵľ˼ǰ

֮˶һ£Ϊ֮ͨǰ鱨ҶںǣƵӵܣ˷󽫣ӦѾħ޵С
ڣȺ˶ˣһ㣬һ˵ӶûС
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ڼǿܽģüëӶ˵ϼһ޵ôңҲ˶ЩΥ͡
ϼ֮ǰϢֵʡ
ϣ֮ǰϢģֻҵȴʱȴһϢ
ʲôϢЩ˷ܵʣԴҺ͹սʼ֮󣬿ʹûʲôϢˡ
ҵȾҪħ޻ɱʱһɳˣǣסħޣҵȲ˳ߣüɫĵ
ɣ
Լĵܵܣɭͳ죬Ժͬʱ
ѾǶȨʵǿʿˣҲҪڶ½Ϊɼǲܵ飬ֻڽ쳯֮󣬽õĻܹɣΪɽõĻ
ⲻǲŬҲʲãϾǶ꣬Ѿӵ˾Ʒ۷ΪҪ֪ɴ½ﵽƷ۷Ϊļ¼һ꣬Ȼûдﵽ¼ȴҲѾǳӽˡ
ڸְһ֮󣬾ܹ쳯ѧϰϾԽľƷʿζԽǱ쳯ﵽΪ֮ɽ磬Ҳܻ൱Ҫλá
ЩʮĹУͨʱۻﵽ˾ƷٻһʱʿҲܹɽ磬Ȼʿɽ磬ҲҪţҪԵϺܶࡣ
ȻľƷʿʮˣΪһʸ쳯ֻΪһУˣ츳ɫҲɫǰ;ˣ
ڻλáͳ졢ԺʱʵҲûдﵽƷΪȻǳɹͻƵƷ֮չֳʵһľƷʿҪǿ
ǾšҲ֪ԼɵΪ
⼸ɴ½ϵ
֪ħĳַ˰ɾʱǾ֪Ѿܹˣֻ쳯ɳʿܹﵽ˰Ϊħޡ
Ȼڣȴ˵һɳ֣赲˰ħޣ
ħͨɴʿľѪɵģҲˣϾ͵֮ƻ˴½Ĺ
ڶһɣվڶߵġʲôʱһ˲ţ
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ϣλԺǶʶǷڵĵ
ʲô
ͬʱһӦǣⲻܣ
ڶӦǡʧôֳˣ
ԵΪеģˣڵߣеʵǴĶģȥĶˣôɵΪģ
⣬Ҳ˶ʵġ
˫۵УͬʱðȵĹâ
ڷʧ֮˫Ȼ֪ϢʱҲйʧŸεĹ˵Ҫע̫࣬ԷĺøУҲֻܹ
Ǻͷս˫Ǻͷٽۣͬˡ
Ǿڴ˿̣ԸѾʱ̣ٴ˷Ϣ
һϢ
Σʱ̣԰֮ƮȻڷɴ½֮ϣֹ˰ħޣԭѾˣȼϣ֮
Ӣߣڼ֮㡣
ڵķľһ㡣
ʿ֮֮ã
ɴ½ϣƣӢ۱
Ȼɴ½ģبδ֮䡣
˰ɵħޣĹսҵľ£ûʲôܹһ㣬ӲŤת½ս֣
ˣڵĳ֣öĲԣٴγ췭ظı仯
˫ͬʱðɫǶ֮ŮСڶʵǵݣͼ࣬Ǹصһ
Ůӣ۽ĸߣڽӴѾǵһЩ飬˿̣Ŀе󣬱˵ĸߴ
ŮĿзʣĶסڣҪеõĴ𰸡
˵ע£ԼĺӣȻô֪ҺֲǺ졣
һ˲䣬ܶ˶ϼһŪ
ȷʵ֪ôͻȻսϣȻչֳ˰ɵǿ㳷ߣһ˶ԸǸħ޺Ǹɿܣ飬ô֪
ڽײ
ʱңԶĶ˶Ϊ֮ɫĺȻ죡


221 
ըǺҶʿΪԼʱġ
ʿﵽƷ۷ڵңʿʮߴΪڣΪڡһ֧ƾҲǺҶ׼Եأռݶȫ̡
ϾǧƽתδĿܴȻдڵʵȴҲֻܹڵߣʵҲ޷ֻܳΪڻһĴڡ
֧ɺҺǼӵɵĿܴȴǺҶʱ䣬޸֮ħȻ󷢶תľӢ
ܹϵĻɱʿʿѪΪýĻܹϵĽģܹƷΪһ֧ǺҶĺ
ֻΪܣҶϧ֧ܵĻᡣ
Ʒ۷ΪʮңΪǧΪʿһͬأ𵴣Զʮ֮Ķ߲㣬Ҳͬʱɫ
Ϊ֪ҵ𵴣ڳҲɥ
ҵıըǰ֮ս
Ҫ֪ʿҲûļʶɵȻǿɵϣ˽һЩɵܣֻƾԼǻȥ룬鵽¡
֮սҲ֪˭Ӯ૵ĵ
ˣҲΣհɣϾƷ۷ʿ֮ĽǶһҲеһɱ߱ܡЩĵ
˭֪ϾǶûдﵽɵĲΣɵȴҲ˵ȫǳԽʿĴڣɭҡҡͷ
Щżһɳȥȴĺɽһץסˡ
ʲôȥаתͷһۡ
뿴֮Ľˡ˵ǺԼ뷨
֣֮սܲȥģа˵߳ղűըڱըģҲֻʬ޴棡˽⣬ʱҲֻܵȴһϢ
˵а̾ϢһڣҲָֻܹסԼӵеΨһİʿǶԿħޣڹսбסǶ룬ֻܿ˰
ڳĶ߲ȫ̾ϢȨ£ƿһУȴûе
Ըعǻ뾡һзΪؾǿҲ޷ʿֶΣ˫˵ǹս˵ǾˣҲ˸
ħߣͲһˡ
һȺɴ½ʿͬʱ̾Ϣ
ʲôֻܵȴϢ
Ȼ֪ͨ쳯ǱģϾҲҪһ׼޷ֹħޣôΪħޱ޷ƵĵɣҲҪ쳯˳֡
ѡȴЩ
ƷʿǶܶϾǻҪؼ͹ֻܹòôӰսֵȥ
쳯൱ңԶʿҲ֪Ӧȥ쳯Ͼһֱ쳯ȻĶŲٿأھ£Ƕûж̫ĸ档
˵ǣսʼ쳯ʹߣһֱڶ½ϾסţܰϢݵʹôܹ֪ͨ쳯
˼һ֮󣬼һƷΪĳϣһ뵽һ֮󣬼صĽ򽻸˳ϣԽ߾ֱӳʹ߽®ӵĶ½֮ضȥ
Ȼڹս֮УȻֵеʿ˫ǲԾģʿԼݣУҲʲô⡣
Ϊ˷ֹ⣬ҲƷľǿɵʿͬͬϢǷͷǰʹ߾סĵط
˫ҲͬɳͷٶȼóεĴܹ̿ͣʮʿͬʱôһܹϢ͵ʹȥ
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ֱһϵе֮󣬼һһ𣬵ȴµϢ
߲ڵϢµĴȴûоôţ׼׼
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ＯеģľӢһ֧ӡ
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ȻĸоʧˣеĶʿ׷׼ʱһ
ȣ˼ղûϢǷʶҵ𣿡
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žһ£ʿЩԻ˭ȻһȲСȻʧ֮Ѿкܶ˵Ĵڡ
Ȼڸ߲ǵĶǴޱ˷ܵĺϢ
ɵúãСӣ
˻һȭͷӷҴǸ¶꣬Ѿ̤˴½۷壡
ϢҲɵЩпǧ
Сӣôô죡
аֹһԷһֱҲǺܿأֻʱʧٵʱ򣬷޷ƷҵΪƷ۷廹Զľ룬֮Ȼﵽ˰ɵľ磡˵˾ò˼飡
ôģڽˣ˵һõϢĺɽ˹Ц
ѧԺԺ˿˷ܵСһҪ侲һЩ
򿪽շ󡣡
ǷԸȥȻ˶뼧峤Ҳڴ˴ǰҵ֮󣡡
ΪƷ۷֣ҲܿĴ˶¡
ţʿûע⵽ʱ򣬷Ѿҵ˼֮һ̣ûȽշ󱻴򿪣ֱ˼˵ǰ
ܲܲҪôɣһܺ𣿡
Ȼѵŷղŷһ֣ΧĻΪʲô̿ͣͳˡ
ԺˣЩļ˼
ͷЦĵ
Ƿ𣿱ǵһμ㣬ܺʹͳ죬ڱǰᵽ㡣˶֮
лϼǵ¡
˹ֵ
Ҳ⣬ʿ֮䣬ûôڣڹĵһ¡
峤ԵڴսħԼɿܣսˣ
Ҳûзϻֱʳĵ⡣
ɿܻƽħҶѾӶݡͷش
˶һ
ڿô˵Ļ֮ڳʿǲ඼µĽȻֻڷش֮ǲų׵һ
ҶȻѾӶݣȻϾǸҹƾҪʹⲾһʱˣ쳣ûȻѾ֮Ϣȴɵڴսл˵ˡ
ϣʱ˴½ع飬һ·Ҳǽ˲ٵƽʿЩƽ񣬻ܹưá
Ȼ񣬱ضҪưáͷ
һ󡣡صĶԼһ
£ֵĵ˵޷ֻҪǱܹģضʡ
˶ŷ죬˵ʲô춯صϢ
ϣ㹫ͶϣԸܹ㹫¼ңСǹ¶ý֤Ҳ޴ȥ룬ھѧԺĵʦΪý뽫㹫Ϊޣ
ҾأޱȳϿҵĵ


222 ׼Ƹ
䳡ޱȵ䳡
ڳô壬֣ž˵ʲôڵǰսֵĻһ죬飡
ðɣΪһʿȣûʲôŵ֮䣬ʿ֮俴ȥ˫ޣҲ˳ָ𣬿ǣںΣͷ
˺ð죬ſһҡҲ֪ͶϣֻѾʧˣҲڴ˴ȻҵŮȻ£ҪԼͬ⣬Ϊġ
ޣļˡ
ֱ壺ǲ֪ˡ֮ǰõʮе鶴һ·£ƽʿ鶴֮УҲ㡣
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ʮ֮һ鶴죡
ʮ죬ʮС죬ʮأǷɴ½һһʮ˴ط
ܹ֮ӵоƷʿΪǶӵиأأܹƷʿ
ɣ϶ʮСġ
ڴ죬רɵĵط
ʮʮС죬а˴ʮС쳯ģС졣
Ȼӵһ죡
뵽ܹΪɣƺǿˡ
Ͼǿģɴ½õĶ죡
ǡڶĶ֮ڣ
Щʵ
Ҫ֪Ѿʱ򣬶֮Ŵľӡӵڹ¾սȴսǣ㼧ۼӵܣҲֻԴΪأ
ΪһʱҪһЩʲô
ӵܣʱͻ룬ڵȴžԮѾѾɱ
Ͼ£ĸӵܣΨսѡ
ǵġ˵ͷ
죬죬ǷųѾܾûпˣ촽
ط̫Сˡҿٴ߾ǧƽ񰡣˿ܣЩɵĵ
Ŷȥذģ
ΪҪһذؿɲСĹذ
Ҫ֪ŹͨĹذҲ㹻ϰˡʿ߾פֹģĹذפǧҲѹ
ڶģԴԴϵľӺƽ񣬳˹ذ֮ڡ
һͳ죬²߾ż
ϣҵܣûס
ͺãͺãս֮к
ֽһͳǹ̬ȷʵǷʲôִ֮齨Ĳӣ꣬ǣסѾĳɾͣҲˡ
οʣµ߾ǰսֻ֮Ҫúõһ֧ǿ
ڰ˱߾ǧ֮󣬼ߵ˼ǰ
ͷҵӵܴ鶴ʱ;е֡
ΪΧʶˣЦЦ˫ۣԵ÷ǳء
üЩͷԡ
ڰ˳ľȻߵ˼ǰ
۰ŮҲ׼Լˡ
ľ֮壬ʣȼҪã֪Լڼ͵ʱ򣬿ûдﵽңڣƷΪҲֻǿŴﵽ
Ů꣬ˡ
żͷЩ̾ĵ
ŮТδ̷ȦҲ΢죬ŷң˼֮⣬γû˼Լϸ
Ǿ仰ͺá
صĵȻְѷ˹
㿴һ΢Цķԡ
㣬ղŶԱ飬ȢΪޡӦ𣿡
һ㶣ȻŰӲӴʼһ·쵽˶
㡭ҪˣôͻȻҸף
ĵĶԷ˵
Ȼĵ˵ڳĸǷ֮һʱ֮伸϶¶˹ŹֵЦݡ
Цúܿĵӣĺɽҡҡͷ
ҵӵһ۾Цǿڵ˷ôõļ㣬Ѿǵĸˡ
˼㣬˭ܹϷ
˷˭ܹϼ㣿
˴½꣬ꡣ˴½ʱǲҲûлصɴ½ˣǸʱ˺кܶ࣬ңѧԺģֻ㡣
ǣ˼֣ǸʱҾ֪һӣҲû㣬ʧȥ㣬ҽ޾Ƴʱ⣬ʲôã޾Ƴʱ⣬Ҳֻ˼ʹжȹӣûСҲ뿪㣬ΪҰ㡣
ֱţܵů
һӣʱӰӲûеȥøӵ
μʱ򣬼߸ϣ֮Ů˫ͬϵһ÷ܹӽ
ʱķһֲ£ƽ޷ס
ǽͻ˼㣬Ǽһͬӡ
Ǹʱ򣬷ֻڼӡ󣬶ڷУҲһõŵ£ˣҲǿŮӡ
ֻԺ˲սڶһͬѾı
Ȼʱ䲻ȻеۻͲܹʱȨ⡣
ദʱԽԽ
ദʱȻ̣ȴޱȵ̡
ʿͬҪ
ܵʿܹ谭ĸоԷıġ
ʿ֮䣬а£Թ¡
ͺҵİޱİͬʱҲоԷޱİ
ʿİ
ŷ۾Ҳ𽥵¶ϲ
ûнûйߣ㷴ס˷֣ͬ⡣
Ը޸㣬Ϊӣ֮;·ܺΪ飬ôκμįĸо
ã
˵кнͬʱŰƹֽһʼģǷӪѧԱǡ
˽ⷽͼģڷӪʱǷͼȺ죬ԭƣֻƽʿɵķӪɨԺεռõλá
Ƿ뿪֮Ǽ㣬ηӪ죬÷ӪΪԺһ˵
ڣҪΪޣ⿴顣
ЦǺǵԼĺӣķļͬʱͷһЦ۾
ǹҴʲôʱеȢˣ
СӣΪ˷ҴĵһʿҴ嶼ʿ磬Ҵܹôһˣǲ֪²ųôһ⣡
˴ſڣźʱ򣬷ͼһЦ
үӣǹ¶ߵĸãͰͷһˣתͷԷЦ
ȻЦúϲ£죬ǵĸãˬҪ֪ԷĸÿǶԼҲǺͶ׼Ұɣ
аԺĺɽԺԺýͰλԺˡ
ֵаˣĺɽˣֺˣ˿ͬʱ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
ѧԺԺһͬýҲǶǰδ֮ˡ
ҾҪȥ취ŪƸˡ
΢Ц֪ħҶͷ­ƸƸ񹻲أ
ħҶͷ­ƸƸ񣬷ء
ɴ½ʿǰ;ΪƸ
úúãûʲôƸ񣬸Ϸˣ
ЦħҶǰΪҲﲻʲôһ·ȥҪСİ
˵ͷסϾһҪԼȢģһСĵġ


223 ʱ
ħҶѾӶȥ˶֮ҵĹƣҲӦһЩ֣ħ޵ĴУħ˵ҪġҺǼ׼ҵʱҲˣΪ屣һֵѪֻҶһˣħӲܲһ㡣Լ
ˣչǸ鷳ֻҪǵģֻħ
˵ͷħûȥңǼ£սĶʿߣڶ֮Ѿûпʵˡ
ҲһĪˣڻӵɢ޺ƽ˭ܱ֤ɱЩɢ޺ƽ֮󣬺ҶɵΪʵ
ͬʱɫ䡣
ڣֻǵʿܻᱻҶɱȴˣڶڣΪ޴ɢԼƽ
Ҳûע⵽һ㣬һֱľʢеĶʿƷʿȫڶЧЩɢֻҪʵʵģҲΪǡ
֮ǰ˻ҪڵɢȫԱѵһ֮󷢷鱦ѸٵĳΪս
ҲǶһֱر£Ҳ֪Ŷڵģǵ˴ڵɢޡ
Լһ£Żܹġ
ŸݣÿݶʮٵҲʮ߰˸ÿϽʮÿҲмʮأмʮмʮ塭
㵱귽Ҵµȴ壬ҲзͷڵʿϵȴʿҪһЩҲ˵һ򣬵ڸְʿһٸ
һ㣬ڸְʿͲǧˣ
οЩĴεɢޣЩʵҪǿһЩͨ쾳Ĳ٣ƷҲûУ
οڵ񣬷ɴ½ϵûĻ˵ҲЩ֮ħ˵ͬǴ󲹡
ҶЩɢȫɱһգܹյľѪҲһǳ˵
ȻЩͼʿƽʵԶ綫ľʿʤ˶డ޷úҶΪɣȻɢ޶ˣҲûдڵıҪˣЩ񣬲һҵĸ
һҪȡλİںҶӶݵʱҲ˲ٵˣҪһʱָ״ͻƵɾ磬ҲҪʱõȹľ硣ȵָ֮ˡɫ
Ҫʲôİϵĵ
Ҫٷ
ħҶ൱֮ƻҰɾ磬ҪѣҪɱȴЩ࣬Ͼħһֱڷɴ½䣬ӶݵֶҲǲԽ峤ķҲһ׳нķ
ʲô鲻ԽʵڳĶƷʿǣ¶һ˿Ȼı顣
Ǿ鶴ԣеĶ񣬻иɢޣȫе鶴ҰħҶҲһɲɱƽһõʿ
Ļþ󲿷ڳĶʿˣ֮ǰ˵ǴԼ㣬ɢ޴ʲôļǧ֮࣬ƽֹڣҪô˶е鶴졭
ϣ˼ƿС
Լ˹֣鶴ڴһʱ䣬鶴ȻǺ˽⣺Ϊϰ⣬ʱ鶴Ҳ̽˺ܾã鶴½ǧҲֻռһ鲻ĵ̣鶴Ĺ֮Ҷ֮£ôˣ⡣
ˡ˵ͷȻһˣûа취ʱ֮ɢ޺ģԣҪٷԶ壬ѸٵĽ鶴죬˵شٵʱ˷̫ʱ䡣
Ȼ˵ͷ£ʼԱ
߲㡢ѧԺԼʣµҴ޼ҸǼҵȣʼ׷ָɳԱ
ѡѡҲΪ£˶Լҵӵܽ鶴죬Ͼ󸣵ػҪԣһʱ䣬˵ܹõӵܡ
գٷԼ˷Ϊصء֪פΪ޼ԴΪ˼дӵܣ淽һͬǰȥ
ѧԺҲɳ˲ĵʦǶŸӡǣҡѧԺͼ壬ЩٷҪøɢʿƽ鶴죬ͻ׵öˡ
ҡѧԺ͸ɵĶЩǱӵܽ鶴죬һжһ㶼ںԼǶģѧԺɳģҴ޼ļӵҲŲĹϵ鶴һʲô⣿Ͼ鶴ԼΪ֮ÿղޱȵŨöӵǵõôҲûʲô
ⷽ棬Ǻܴ󷽵ġ
һ׼׵ŶԼ˹˹֣Ѹٵݹȥ
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˷鶴ŨԪԼ˵ܸܲ÷˵һ£һʱ䣿
ЦЦĿаǷҾͿˡ
ȿȡ˷ϧΪйְȻҲǺ뷽ҵġ
ǸŹ֡
һԼ磬Ȼ˵һģҪæòãǴеڵҪٺãҿһǸݸصȰҪĵطֳ˵
һѧԺӵǶĴӦһȻ׷վʼֵ̡
ô˵İţʵҲһǳ鷳飬鶴ĸӵܶǾӢҲʩľ飬°ѵһ֣Ȼݶ뱾еݡء򡢴ṹõĵط𽥵Ļֺá
鶴ɣʵϺͷɴ½࣬½ֻһ飬Χ޾ĺ󣬻ʲôĽӽֻûĴڶѡ
Եİնݵĵ̻һ£ʵܹռݵģҲֻռ鶴ڲ֮һĵ̡
鶴ڵӵĻֵ̣ȻĿʼʱ򣬶ĸ߲ǣ۽顣
зȥԸҶĺ֮ǣǽˣڣҪ۵ζԸش
һӶӵĶʿ˶أֻ˾ı߾ɴͳ켧ɭ죬ǶԿشĵһߡ
Ӷص֮䣬һһķ߲ÿ߶֮أյӻشǰٶȡ
˫۴ԼºͶ֧ԮһҲ뿪ˣɽ֮䣬ʱ׼Ϯصĺ鷳
һָȥľʼ
Ĵս棬ĻǼ㷽ǿҲ޷һ˶Կܹҵ
ϾǶԿɱ
ѧԺǵ˴ĵʦʼԱص֮е̵ɢǣҲǸʡһЩЩɢǱѧԺѵͼһ֧ǿľ
½ңչһս
½ǰ;ĴսǾɴ½ģʽĴս
֮󣬵ɴ½ֻʣĸңɱԭⳡսŷǳҪá
ͬĴսƬ½ϣҲݱĽš
ƽѾõķɴ½ӭһδʱ
δʱУǷӿֳĶʿֻ֮ӭʢ
¾ɽԱҲ޷Ԥϵ


224 ĺҶ
ʼ˺ҵĴǨơ
ȥģǶ֮
ѾռݹĵطڳʱѾ˺ҶţҲûзɹɨ󷽵ľٶ
ȻΪ󲿷ţֻɳƻƽʱĻƼСȥɨЧȴҲûС
󲿷ֵɢޣʼ˱ƽΣǷ׷׾ͽ뵱صĴ䡢سǣûԱĴسǣʼ򿤸£ܹ£ǧƽҲΪء
ͳΣǷǳĵġ
ҲΪ״÷ͶҶļƻС
ʵϣҪܵĵطࡣ
ѾûйģڶͳµĵطҲʼ˶ԱѸ£Ǹ峯ŸǨƣȻۼ֮ŸǨƣԴơ
Ƿ˵ĻǨƣǺģʿȻʿֶΣǸ˵Ĵʲôܹװʣ鲼صĵͼʼӳ޴á
ļҰúҶҲһʵʿҲκһɱ¾ƽ֮¶ȷһʱͷ֮úҶµЩħ޺ˣҲκοԴ
ֻҪ֮󣬽ħ޵Ĵڡ
ħ޵ͱʿҪ̺ܶ࣬ﵽڵħޣ޷Ҳܻ꣬ڵħޣһƽҪֻͣҪʵ·;ôǾû˷ȥκԴ
ڷ׳н֮ƵĻϣȺ˾Ƶļǿ汾ֱǾơ
£֮ʿƽ񣬵ȵҶɱ֮󣬶뽫֮޽һΰĳǽԾƷʿĽշ󣬽֮ȫ
֮󣬲ܹ׵һݡ
һ߸̾Щ˹ȻñԼҪԶö࣬һ߿ʼڶ֮ĴǨơ
ѾⲻзҵĹͣкҶĹͣΪͻƽΪеѾƷ÷жҲûκεϰ
һܼĿ֮󣬷ڳͣ
ȻҵĹԱѸٵ򵱵عԱԴפ鶴죬صƽҲڹԱǵĶԱ֮£鶴죬ֻһճǡ
еĿʯԴ˴Ȼһص㡣
һصһص㣬֮κζϯһա
һһĳǳش󱻲ûΪ˸еϧΪ½ʱֻҪͶʿöָ֮֮ǰķʲôѵ顣
֮ƽ뿪ԼĹ磬ţһٻӡ
ݳǣȻǿǣǸǡسǡӡ䡭ɵһһţƽɢޡפʼµء
鶴֮ǰ˶ЩŽɣҪǴĶĳŵĻǴŲŷһëͷСӵĻ
Ȼڽ鶴֮ͬʱе˾޴ϲ
ɢ޺פܹõŨϴˢԼʵƽҲĻ£оԼƺҪøá
ԭ̵鶴죬Ҳʼ
ԽԽƽפɢ޽鶴죬Ҳ˸ָ顣
ߵ񣬴˸磬ڽ鶴ĺ֮󣬿ʼһһĳɳϾãκεĶҲǷǳõġ
ɽϵˣҲ˸ʽĶ
Ȼ󲿷ֵƽ鶴ʱֻǴʳˮʲôģȻ˿ڻ̫û´ܶƽ൱Ķࡣ
Щõɢǣ鶴ڵ֣ʼøӵķḻ
˵֮ǰ鶴죬ȻѾһȴȱĻôڵ鶴죬ǳһ򣬿ʼԼı仯
ı仯Ƿû뵽ģҲ˶ûע⵽ġ
ƽʿڴפάִЩʼɵ鶴üٶȷܡ
ԽԽ࣬ԽԽƽ⡣
鶴ڣʼγɡ
ȻֻǴ־߹ģʱķչƽԽԽ࣬ԽԽ࣬ÿƽʱǴĸϸ΢Ҳ鶴ڵԽԽ
鶴ѾãཻоȫޱŨԪӯУΪ˷ǳ˾ӵһ򣬽ֻȱӶѣҪԼչҪ֪ôƳʱ䡣
׳нȴʱ䡣
˸ָĸ磬ҲʼͷӦֻĸ֡
ƽԭϣɽڣСԽԽ￪ʼ֡
ʵҲʼ𲽵
ȫ
֮һȦ£ڵƽ񡪡⻹ǱѾĽвٵƽɢޣսȻҲвٵɢ޼ѾӪȻȫΪ˺Ҷ֡
ĿԼʶ޵չûҵ֮κļ
ȻҲħر䷽ʽ÷޷ҵҲԿ϶֮ҲκεƽʿԼפĴڡ
Ȼ뿪˶֮ʼȥĴݡ
һϵеĶֻ˷µʱ䡣
˺ܶ顣
ĶԱ׵ãǻƵİ˸棬еĴ䣬Ѿûκε̣ȫе棬󲿷ֵӣҲڼ֮󣬿˸سǡ
ʼ˼ѵģһسһس£ƽ
ڶ֮жжͼ򵥵öˡ
Ͼ֮ĸأѾͶʧȥϵÿ£һľҪٷ롣
ĴݣеĶѾӵ֪ͨǰʱǻ᲻Եɣͽ鶴졣
سǣȻǸǣǿǣʷǰĴǨƣڲϵĽС
뿪֮ʱڶ֮ĳطĺҶҲ۾
׵ȶԼɵľ磬֮ǰƽֶԸʱͬǣڵĺҶѾȫ˰ɵ
緢ʮ㡣
Ѿȫ˰ɵȣҲ䣡Ҳھȥ鷳ģҪڽʱɵ֮ɢ޺ƽѪ⣬̶ȵĻҵʵ
ÿһɢޣһƽҵʵͻһ֣أпܸҵĽ𣿡
ĴѰҰɣǲᱻҵģȥʱ򣬾ӵѹԵʵʱ򣡡
Ҷƽϣŷı顣
ڷϳԵĿʵ̫ˡ
˼ŮˣҲɵʧȥǡ
ŵȻھɵá
Щˣǿħޣ
ǺҶѾȲˣϾ޷ܷôеħ֮Ҳ޷
᲻ϵĺңɱħޣЩȦū㷽ɱħֻҪһðͷͻᱻɱ
ҪԼʵڻɱ˷֮ٿġ
ͷҽͷҲֻˡ
ȰѶ֮ʿƽˣȻĴϮʿƽһֱԼΪֹȻǷˣ
ŵĺҶʼԼʶųȥ
ǵ⸽һƽľۼ㣬ǧĵطפвٵɢԼʮƽ
һյĹ֮
Ҷ˽˹һĽ
ô£ΪʲôԲ֮ڣһ˶ûУģһǷʲô취Χ˶ˣ
ҶޱȷŭĴԵôĿ


225 ΨһĻ
Ҷŭ쳹֮ʱ򣬷ѾʼԼæµ
ƽ鶴죬½鶴פɢ޾ԵñȽˡ
פѾȫԱһһķߣɢɫģӵƷǴﵽļ弶ΪģѾѧԺ֯˿ʼѵĺɽԺѧϰ
һ֧Ԥ۵ĴܹһʱѵĻԶľҲһĲ䡣
սľǱȻս֮ʧʿ࣬ڽսб˻Ǳܵʿǲٴβսģ£ܹԱǱҲΪʤĹؼ
ԱƽǣǶ鶴ѣѧԺЩǣЦѾûκƽĹϲһһ壬ͼعı
ؽڶΪֹ鷳
֮ǰĹУ౱ԣʿóҰս͵Ϯسǣͻ֮࣬ɳ͵Ϯص֮š
κȻ£سǣȴ·Χ̩ɽѹ֮κҵľԱһãҲΪʲôֻбԺͱ໹вܹ붫ԭκǲΪѾûܹʹõľˡ
ϳ׼£ɵش֮ãֻϳȻڲȴ൱Ĵδܼȫһ·ʹƣձϳڵķ̩ɽѹ֮ƣΧϳȫ
˵ͳһڱصã룬һҪĿꡣ
ѹ֮£óԼȫ
ĳ֣ǿԶԱʣµȫһÿ
սһ˫׼С
ĴڵĴϣ֮һٻ롣
뷽棬Ѿ׼ԱΪĿ꣬һֶΣǶʹ
£ȴûľٶֻһһķɹȥƽȫ£鶴ȥ
һǲúҶκεĻᣬöܹȫȫĶԸء
ڶսʵûоЩƽֻܹ鶴졣
£鶴ڵƽһһࡣ
뿴֪ˣֹڣʧ˲٣Ҳڰ֮£Ҳҿڰɣܹ鶴ڱޱȵӴеƽһʱܹ鶴죬Žʡ˲ʱ䡣
УûзɶԺҶĿܡ
Ҷĳأио֪ҶѾȶ˰ɵΪ
żҶȶ˰ɵΪҲǺƽ֣Ȼ޵ڰ׶ԵòôĴȴҲЩƵģܹĳԶҶ
ֻ÷Щֵǣڳ֮󣬺Ҷûеһʱ嵽ڻƵĵطȡʿԼʵڶ֮εţƺѰҲʿһ㡭
֪һ֮󣬷ڷҲ̲סЦ
ħ޾ħޣȻҳԼʵķȴҲ˺ܶ࣬޷Լһһܹ̽鵽ڵĵط
ʿܹƷģľƷʿȫſܹ̽鵽һ֮ĶʿȻҶȻ˰֮ȴ̽鲻
ֻһطһطңܹܲҵһЩ©֮㡣
Է˵̫ˡ
ٸʱ䡣
ڷ˸ݵƽȫװ鶴ʱ򣬺Ҷ֮̽ȷ֮ѾûκεӰ
ʿƽ
ַ޺ޣкܶ࣬ޣڲǽŹЩذѾû˰֮ԭޣʼ𲽵Ľ붫֮Ĵε
ȻЩޣɱٶ࣬Ҳ޷ӺҶһ˿
Ͼħǣڷɴ½ôãҲ޷Ҳ޷ӻɱл
£ǲŴʿԪ񣬾ѪķʽܹϻĻˣϾɱʿȽѣɱޣرѵ顣
Ȼ˿֮ѾΪһƬкܶĵط̣ȴԺҶûκεô
Ҷʱ䣬ҲҶܹĥЩϻȡķڣȴûʱ䡣
˵ĺҶҪȥƵĵطѰʿǿʵȻȴҡ
ϢƵĵطеޱȵΣ
Ƿͷųźš
û㣬֪Ķ
ʲôʽ޷ҵ׷ϣ
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ͷѾκε·
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227 ֮
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һΪţٶȾŹΪһһӡҿҲǺܿԸһħްɣ
սɡźҶƽĵ


229 ·
֮ĽԳΪɴ½õĽֵĻ⡣
ԭӦֵİɣƫƫˣһ־
򣬶ʮĸңʮأ˿ǧڼǣʿڼǣƷʿ˵ضҲôȴûгһɡ
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䲻ݷĵס˺ҶʮͻͬĴȵ
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ħǧۻˣضӭħʱڣ
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ⲻȷŸǿˣʲô
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Ӳ˺Ҷһ֮󣬷һ
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230 
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Щ̫ʺģǼԼ
Ȼ㹻ʳȻҴЩ˵﷫ѾΪǵıܣ֪ƬﲢûκεҲԸһ
˪˶棬Ȼ
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Σȴƺƽʱһ
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ȻǲųõС㣬㱾Ӧ޷̳ģȴ֪Ϊʲôÿм䣬˳
һ򣬿⼸С㣬ĵЦ
һһļСȫŽͰ֮Ͱˮһͬ˴С
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ڷפصʱÿ춼ȥɽԣ鶴֮Ҳϰߡ
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Ȼ㼣ʲôͶǺܾûдʲôķɸоһ˷ܵӿͷ
ʼźۼСĽĸ˹ȥƹһƬɽ֮󣬷ǰһһͷ¹żͷС¹ڲݵеĳԲݡ
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ƽԭϣвݼݵƽ²Ŀ˴ƬأԼӡ
鶴ÿȻ
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ϰڶ鶴죬鶴죬Ļ
鶴죬Ŀʼ
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ĿŵļͻȻ۾ͬˡ
ʲô𣿡нſ۾Ц
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֮һ˫۾ͻȻˡ
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Ҫ֪ȫɾߣǼʶ鶴ġ
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231 
˿̵ûȥʲôɱˣ˭Ըħ⣬ܼ򵥣ûɱҶĻǹѾ˺Ҷ飬Ҳܲˡ
ֻŬĵֵźҶĽ
Ҷ壬Ӱٶȴ˷ŷսˣ飬ϵԹһӡֵźҶĽ
Ҷϵƣڽÿӳһķۺһ֣սлܲϵͻƣҶԼɵġȷʵһӵд˵Ůӣ
һʼռƣڵĴռϷ磬ҶչֳȲſʼսʱ򣬺ֹɣ
ɾʵ
ɲһƣ쳯ͻƵ˰ɣȻԼɵķЩӢŵʿҲҪǧŸŨԪ쳯
ɼҶжôĿֲ
ȻúҶЩֵǣԼôãÿһȭɽӵÿһҲҪȫŹһӡԣſֵܹסһֱڣΪʲôֵܵ
㷽ۻ룬ԶԶԼ£ҲӦñĥɾˣڷÿһأսʼʱûκεĲ
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ҶͷԣͻȻͣ˽Ľ࣬ʼ׼ԼѰ·
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232 ֲĽ
⡭ƣǰ𣿲ܣ֮ǰҸоģѾǰɵˣʱչֳģѵǴ˵еĵɣ
ޱϵӮ¶˾ɫ
ΪƷ۷ʿƿŶ½ǿĹңӮûоʲôѵԼҲûжκ˲η֮ġ
쳯ʹߣȴֻʹߵݣʹߵʵ
Ȼ֮ǰδ֪ʿĽ֣Ӯ֪ԼԶԶǶ֣Լµʿ뵽ĽУҲֻһ֡
ս˶ʮ֮˵ƣڲϵֱѾԽӮļޣ
ⲻǵɣҲԶԶĳһİɵʵˡ
ʹؿӮһۣӮʲôúµģ쳯֮Ӯ츳ΪóԽǵҲ޷ǾǼ顣˶η֮ģҿ쳯ҲûҪȥ˰ɡ
ӮȻһȻصĶʹһ
лָ̡
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ȻƿǿĹȣһޱõ飬Ȼ˼ĵʿĵλϵ˸ζʹߵ޷ӰȻҪúõллһʹߡ
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һֱѹԼǵʵ˿ȫչֳ֮󣬷ŷ֣Լ˿̵ķѾԽ˺Ҷ
Ȼ鶴ڵ򣬽ֻһ뻯廹кܳһʱ䣬鶴Ҳкܳһʱ䣬Ȼ˶ıǵķȴҲ÷ƽ˺ͺҶ֮Ĳ࣬Խ˺Ҷ
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Ц
ҶϾǺҶżʧȥʱָֻ侲
ȷʵҸǿҪߡ㻹סңܹһֱ׷ңֻҪһʿƼĵطɱȥܻס
ҶĴЦ㻹ǻģܹøַԼʵңҲܹһ㣡أ뿿ǿ翵飡
ЦȻһ֣л˹һӡ
һӡڷͷҫ˹âţֲ˾ֲͬɫص˷ϡ
ͷ֮֮ܣɲ磬ľ֮ˮ̤֮֮ѥֳ֮ì֮֮ƣװȫķͬؼһ
ôһûʵģܻɱңҿǱͷ԰ɣ
ҶЦȴ˹ìҽֱ̣
ҶȻеţ˿ȴȷʵҺͷŶԣ֮ǰͺ˶ʮ죬ʧȥ˼ս˿̸Ե˱ԼҪɫĵزٴȥʲôҪ
ˡ
㷽ܹ׷ȴҲҪôָʱ䣬ԼֻҪɱصĴȥָ䣬㹻ɱͨʿǵѪǿԼʵ
Ѹٵ˺˿ռѷ죬ɶݶȥ
ȴû׷Ǽԭء
һ̣ռѷд˳ƵıըҶһӲĴӿռѷбը˳ͷǱ
ô£
Ļڴ֮ССڣоŹɲͬתȴγһȶѭ֮䣬
ȻֻҪһôŹǿխĿռıը֮һƷʿˣ
ȻҶʵԶԶĳƷʿȻ⧲֮£һҲܴ˺
һȷʵ˵òᡣ
Ҫԭ򲢲̫󣬶ǺҶȫû뵽˺ռѷʱҲȫûκεķһ˼ڳһʱǼָʱɱ㹻ʿ
£޷İһ£ѺҶĻǶ˳
ϽһƬĺҶ㱻һˣ׼ķǰһìͽҶͱ˸Դ
Ҷһ춯صĺС
ͱԴ˺ʵǺܴ󣬴ﵽңڵʿ˺ܹܿϣȻһìкҶʱ򣬴޾һ𣬺ܿӵ˺Ҷ壡
а
ҲúҶܵĹ
ڽУȻҶԸͷ˻ˣȻܵ˵ҶСĵû÷֮֮֮ԼھϵУΪģҲаΪͷ۵
ڣץסôһᣬҶ֮
ҶĲҽţ³˴ճĺɫѪҺ
ѪҺ˺Ҷȫ֮֮𣬷׷׵Ϩ
ȻȻҶħطƳԼľѪϨȫ֮ȴԪˣ
ˣҶ
ĵղѹҴоˬɣеĿռѷ죬Ҳ˻ţǼָʱҲУӵռѷȥͻٰôһ£
ҶѸٵһתƣǱĶ㿪˷µ׵磬Ȼŷ˹
Ȼ㲻·Ҿͺƴˣ
ҪģЧ
һŲõ
ԼڵʵҲûгԽҶ٣ֻܹ鶴ܣԴԴϵĥҶħԸƽһһģ𣬲һۼ
նݳİ취
ɲϣźҶߣȻԼһĶ֡
֮ǰΪԼûо飬ںҶƽĲл˹ɿܣԼ˾޴鷳
ȡѵ֮ԼûиƽκλᣬֱӾͻȫڶԺҶҲҪ
񾡡
ս־Ľ
ѾΪʲô쳯ûֻԼɱС
˫֮顢ɽͷ顢飬ռ䣬ҲƬƬ顣
ı֮ڿвϵ໥ɱţҿɴ½һռޱȹ̵磬ÿһƬռ䣬ɴ½ԷĽռֲϣû̫ƻ
Ϊʲô˵ְܳɡΪ֮սԷɴ½˵ҲһѰ
ʹ߸ֶ̾Ϣ
쳯Ŀռȹ̣˵ǰɽ֣ɽ֣Ҳÿռʲô⡣
ڷɴ½ⷽͲöˡ
ãȻɵսΧѾ˶ɴ½κεطпܳսӰ֮˺ѿռĽ֣ƺû̫Ŀռ仯
˵Ľ֣˷ɴ½Ŀռ̮Ǿˣɴ½ܶᱻٵ
鷳ôô鷳顭
ʹӮǸİɵĻҵúˣɴ½ҪĿʼĻ¾ɾǣҲͷ۰ɣϾһĴ½ҲǺѵһ°
شѾˣƷʿ֣޷ǾǰһƬطޱȵǽ壬ôŵģռ䣬ǴƬƬ顭
ãֻеش󽫣ͬʱðͷ
ҿֻҪٶ༸ɴ½ռôǧƽʿ¶޴ȥӣɱʲôսҪӵĿֲˡ


233 ƽ
һµⳡսǰת
ʼʮ죬˫ƾУʮ죬ҶռϷ磬Ȼȴ֧ʮ죬ȴǷȫռϷ磡
鶴ڵ֮ԽԽŨԽԽʵͱԽԽǿ
ҶʵȴʼԽԽ
ϻõľѪڴ˿ѾĴҶҲûа취õκεĲ䣬ÿһλӻ֮ǰôһ㣬ҶƣʼԽԽ
ϵ˺ѿռѷ죬Ըһ»ŵػҲҪѰҵµʿգȻȴεΧռ䣬ôͻ޷Լƿء
޾һһĥźҶ
ҶħޣҲʿһ֧ڵһʿ˵Ҫģǽ𵤻ԪӤҪξΪʿݽߵʱʿͨˣҲ˶١
ħҲӲĺ
ֵÿһޱػȺҶսÿһס˺ҶܣֻܺԼӲƴ
ڵķͬһĥһ㣬һһĥȥ˺Ҷڵķ
ҶڵķͬһɽһΡ룬ҲܲסھĲڡ
ҶڲϵѰѵĻᣬȻðԼϵƣѹס˺ҶȻ󲻶ϵĥ
Ҷþһа취ȴʼѰҲӶݵķʽ壬ҲʼԽԽ
һ֣˲ӣȻҶҳɱȻȴɱ֮ǱĲš
ʶס˺Ҷȫ޷ӶݣҶطͷųȥһƲл꣬Ҳһʱ
ĻǣѪҺκβλҶŹҲ֪ħ޵жٵֻὫȫȫ
Ļصɴ½ϣúҶе˸ӵľ
ȻƴƺҲûƴӮսУչֳʵԵԽĿ£ƴҲ޷˵
֪κε֮ģɱЩʿʱҲûй֮ģһ޴ʿԼҲ·
ǺҶûҵκεİ취
ԽԽ£ķҲĥԽԽ١
һִ˳ơ
ڣһζܲ£ĵĹһӡ׼ȷ˺ҶĶͷϣ
ҶһʹĺУȻһ̣Ѿûκη
͸һӡڵԴԴϵĴ鶴ڳȻѸٵתΪ֮֮ɲ֮ϵĴݻźҶħŵ壡
ͻƽһǣҶһֱϰħ޷ţ壬Ѿħޱȵļ̣ҪҲҪѸ
ֻһ㣬һ㡣
ǺҶ֪ɱ˶ʿ˶ͷɵħ֮壡
ĿԼһһļ٣Ҷţڸܵ˿־塣
ᣬҲܿıɲΪ˻ҽ
ǲͬġ
ɫޱȵƽɱߣرɱʱйߣ²㽫䳷ְȰֹԻһʣһҿޡԻһҿޣһ·ޣҲΪһ˿޶Źģɴ½
⻰˵ҶҲ˵Լ
ħֶΣӰΣ˿̷ȻռϷ磬ȻҶĿ̬֮Լܼᶨɱ˺ҶԼ·Ҳž޴谭
񾡡
ȻԼƺɱЩࡪ˴½Լµľɣʮңʿĵͼʿûصɴ½֮ǻƼҵϰʿȻǻƽ
Щʿȡ֮Ҳһֱ׳ͶΪƵĵϾûɱôʿͬҲ˾޴ĳ
ʮѾ龰Ƕ˾޴ĳ˹ˣ
ΪˣԼһܶԺҶκε֮ģ
ޱȻ֮ǰǸɴ½һôƽķɴ½ãԼûдԽɻǸԺƽ档
ȻҲٲɱ¾Ȼ˵ɴ½൱ƽĴڡ
ҷ
ҶǡҡԴͷ
ôһ˼صĶģּᶨһ㣬ʼ侲ĲźҶһһźҶϵħҲһһźҶ塣
޾𣬷źҶ壬Ĵ֮أúҶ޴Ӷݣڵ֮ǲϵĴ£ÿһźҶĵֿ
Ҷھˡ
һ侲ģ𲽵ԼĶ֣Ҷʲô취ԶԸ
޾޵С
ɴ½ûܹȺҶ
˺Ҷʱ򣬺ҶڷһҽУ˻ΪһޡûޣҽҲûʣ¡
ĻǣҲ֮Ϊ˻ҽһһζû
ںҶʧ֮ʱڻǱҶɵʿ꣬Ϊػ
رǿ꣬ڿжԷĤݣǺϾꡣ
αȵûлɱƽʱ򱻽ȵ࣬ϣȴߵöˡ
ʿĸм֮飬ڿмʵʣܵĸм֮飬ƺȴûʲô仯
ûзɣʶɨ½֪ҶûʲôĲлꡣ
ɱҶ֮󣬷оԼʵһ
˿ͷųȥƺƵ˲ɨƬ½
ħȻ䣬ȻҶϢȴѾεļסֻҪв࣬һܹ֣
ϸʱ䣬һ
ҶȷʵǱˡ
Ҳħ޵Ĳָ࣬Եɺһʱ򣬿ҲĴ١
֮󣬲Ƕ룬Ҳĳѳֵطļܻᱻħ޳͸ųľ֮ġ
ı˴ĳطžԿȨľˣᣬȾǿɵĹضıľ档
ѾԼģֻúõϢһ¡
⣬ʹ߳ĳһ
ڱɱϲɺء
£֮ս¿ʼλİɣҲҪúõһġ
ʹ΢Ц
ڴ˿̣Уʿ¡صڣӭ˻ķ
˲֮ŷ֣ЦޱȵĿġ
ˣҪúϢ졣Ҳû˵ʲôֱ˵ĵ
ȻڵԴ鶴еõԴԴϵĲ䣬ǳһµսȴҲ÷ľƣ
쳯ʹߴϢڶ£һ飬ϣҲܹϯ
û⡣
ЩԼҶ쳯Ҳ˵һְæ˵쳯ĵɶôĿԼһȥҶ
䲻ûоԼǳԿˡϾɱҶҲΪĹףҲΪ쳯ʲô
Դ˵е쳯ǷǳȤġ
Լڣܲһͳ½Ҳͳһ˵Ǻ£Ȼڷ˵ȻڶôͲĿŶ̲
ǰָǣǺܺΪʲôҪȥģİͳһ֮ľܹĶʿδأǿͳһ֮ìܣֻøƴøӵĸӡ
뷨˯ȥ
鶴ڵǣڿĵš


234 
֮У󣬶ݹҫۣһɼ
ֻûʵУȴһ㲻гŶݹ⣬Ծ͵صξ롣
˶֪ϵңԼȥ˯㲻֪жൣİ
һڶݹзУһŷЦ﷽˵ǶŮҲûʲô취
Ϊ̫˰˵ˣﰡ鶴ɱҪõöˡ˸ǷЩƣĵ
һҲ˵ˣҲ֪ڷ˵һսȷʵѾˣ鶴죬Ҳȷʵкô
֮ǰܹڶʱͻƷңڵʵò˵֮ǰ鶴йܴĹϵ
Ǵ죬Чڸ֮Ҫõö࣬ҪǣɵڸȫͬԪɴ½ܹյֳȵĻôɵµȣСյеȣյģϵȵ
żͷܣ¶ЦݣȻ˻ֻǶ飬Ȼ˶֪ӣѾûκεʡ
ǰȥμӻ飬Ȼ쳯ʹڳʲôȻΪչʵǾӢѧԺԺʣƷ۷ʿԼѧԺڳľƷ۷ʿȻ˲࣬ȴ˺
ɣʮƷ۷ʿѾ޵С
ȻΪ½ǿĹңӵеľƷʿҲֻ಻٣ڳ˷һɣȻͻռݸơ
ûʱ䣬߲˶أ˼ɭͳ֮󣬶Ŵ󿪣ʮɭǿʿһ·пͼǰص㡣
ĵص㣬ڶشӪ֮䡣
ûʲôᣬʿ̫쳯ʹ߸йŷ磬ͲҪ˶ϯضˡ
ڶĸ߲Ƭƽϵʱصĸ߲ǣҲѵȴ
Ӯ֮£Ʒ۷ʿнʮֽǶ۷һΪ½һǿȷʵ鴫
ǿı࣬Ʒ۷ʿҲʮҲҪࡣ
ֻʿó䡢͵Ϯɱܹǿ½ǰϰٸС໥ս̲ڣܹĹң֮
Ȼ˫սУڼ֮󣬵ҲһĺƽӮ֮˫¡
ҲڼЩʿ˿ڷȴҲʲôϾɺ;Ʒʿ֮䣬ޱȾ޴ĺ蹵
ܶԷƣֱȻԸĻʱ֮ڣعĸ߲㣬κεĵֿ
Ϊһ㣬صĸǣڿʱ򣬶һ˿־壬һ˿ʡ
ڴʱ쳯ʹߣȻ˳ڡ
ʹӰʱ˫ĸͬʱʹһǶ쳯𾴡
λö񡭡˴˴½Ϊսģ˴ιսΪħĳ֣е飬Խ˫Ϊ̸¡
ʹ߿ƪ˵֮䵽˷ϡ
λС磬ؾħ˷֮ΣֵİɰɣǺη
΢΢ЦңСҲʷѣ쳯ƣһ˭ܹ׵ĨɱħĴڣʲô͡
ȷʵǺܴģ쳯û㽱͡Ĺܻ֪ͣô
ʹ߸ĪЦЦȻˣ֪Сմ
Сշһ֣ʹ߸մ
Ļش˶һ£Ĵڣ쳯ʹߣʻôʵģϾǿ쳯ʹߡ
ʹЦЦϷѾܾˡȻС쳯½ʹߣǾСҶ˷ɡ
˴½ʱ˵Լжѵλʹ֪Щʲô
ҪأǷˡ
λ˷ʹߵûʲôӣЦħֵĹУĿռ䣬вģȻڲʲô⣬ȻһֱȥĻƻɴ½ȶӰ졭ɣϾֵܹ
˵˷̾ϢλħҲ˲ţϧǣ֪ǣռ쳯ûʲô취Ҳħڷɴ½֮ڡӵеİһ죬Ͷһƻòʮ꣬ͻ޷תĿռһֱ쳯ıһա
ԭˡ
ȻʼЩͬҶˣô飬ɱôʿԭգǻʧܡ
ҲǷǳҵ³ˡ
˴½ưܣ᲻ҲͰŹϵϾɣ˴½ôãѹЩ˵ڵԽԽˡ
ϣҵµʽܹ֮֮ĽȻҪƻ˴½˰ɡ
Լأʲô
ɱĴڣͻ᲻϶ƻôԼҲˣ
Ĳ
ʹЦ쳯ӵнӽɵʵ֮ǰҾطѹסԼܹչֳģҲǾƷ۷ѣϾܹܵ
Ӧôھͽ쳯𣿡ʵ
֮ǰ㻹Ҫɡ
˷ЦҪɵģ޲ռѷ죬Щħսʱƻĵطֻһ㣬ҵĻҲҪѰҺܳʱЩѷ죬ȴһϾЩطͺҶսʱƻģܹܿҵЩѷ죬Ȼ
Ȼǧ򱻿˵Ķƽ񣬾ͽҰɣ⣬̫ѡʹ׷һ䡣
лͶĸ߲ͬʱϹȷʵһ⣬޲ѷ죬ԼӦġ
ڶǡҪ¿ѹֻչֳƷ۷Ϊĵز˷εĵ
ΪΣ
żʵصĶԿ·磬̣ǷɣѹƵĻôҪסԼǣԵ÷ǳѣ
һΪ˰ȫڶΪ˹ƽ
˷˿̱һİɻҪһϢй¶ȥ˵ʮ꣬꣬ɴ½ͻֲתĿռҪסɴ½͵ÿסй쳯֮󣬾ͻȻԷġ
ĬһᣬȻŵ˵ͷ
ͬ⡣
Էɴ½ʼиģΪԼԭ÷ɴ½ֲתĿռԼ֮ǰŬʲô壿
ôڽĹսУҪﶫ룬ҲֻþƷ۷˷ѵشǵüͷʼɳ
û⡣
˿ѾָƽȻ΢΢Ц
Ʒ۷ʵҲ㹻ء
ϾԼսܹԽսֻʹƷ۷Ҳ㹻ܶˡ
ѵ÷ͨҪǣȻڿһôûУһУڽ㶼õĻر
˷һ˷ߵֻзһңûġ
ȻʧЦ
˷ķļȻҪΪ¿ˡⲻκεĲ㣬ֻɢϢ;Ʒ۷ʿһͬʱʹõᳬ޶ѡ
˵仰˷ջ֣Ȼ˼䣬һǿ֮İ׹ڿг֣Ȼ˷塣


235 Ե
ĸЩΡ
عĸЩȸԾ
Ϊ˿̷ԭչֳģоƷ۷ʿʧȥֿ֮ĵƣڿû뷽ڵʱ򣬾ѾʧˣȡǺһľƷ۷ʿơ
ŵһ£ԼȷʵֻܷӳƷʿʵ鶴ڵȴơ
ˣһ¹ս顭֮󣬹սٿڶ½ϣԱκϳ˳ֻʣضۡսʮһ죬ڼڣһܹռȫǣΪʤûָԭ
˷İЦĬȻͷ
˫뿪׼֮Ĵս
ȴͼһͬ
˷Ŀ˼һۣȴû˵ʲô˸طϯ
סʵҪΪ㡭ܸܿôҵĿԡ˷
Ǻ¡ֳһô죿ʱԿûˡʼ
Ӧòܡʵϣħĳ֣ҲӦǾܵ顣ܶ˾ãħԭпܵģϾʿԼʵķܹģĳ֣һ⡣
˵˷Ŀ˷һۣȻ˵ĳ֣ģǸħĳ֣Ǽ䲻ġ
ΪΣЩֵʡ
ܹӵ鶴ʿɣֻһʱ⡣
˷ȻҪ֣ҲǴӶϢҼʱ򣬾ͲһǳڣҶ޷ڡ
ŷͼЩ񣬶˷ҡͷܹҶ޷ڣֻһֿԡǾǴ졣
ɴ½ʮ죬ģ֪ڵ̫֮⣬Ҳֻкųʮ鶴죬ûб쳯ӵС
İ˴죬ʮС죬ȫ쳯֮ڣ쳯ʿܹõĽɽ硣
ԣӵ鶴ʿΪǺ顣
˵ͷԭˣôΪʲôħ֣ܷ飿
˷ɫΪԭ򣡻˵عԭ򣡷ɴ½ֻܹʿĴڣЩҲʿһֻ֣͵ģҲڱĳ⣬һҲǾƷʱ֮ɽĵλȽһ㡣
ʿؼ˷ڷɴ½ģħޡ֮䱾ӦûħޣЩħޣ˴½ϵʿڷɴ½ı塣
ȥ˴½ʿǲûֻ̫ʽͬѡͷش
ףǽͼ򵥵öˡ
˷һǲǲ֪ħ޵Ĵڣֻڷɴ½ĵطħ޲ǿǷʿѪķҲܹﵽƷϵΪԲܳΪĴڣǾԲܵģΪعݵĴڣһֱҲûȥǣħ޵ĴڣʿһּʵϹȥ֮ڣħ޴ûжԷɴ½ɹʲôӰ졣
ȴһɼħ̲ס
ǵģⲻ֤ôɱħڻԵɺ֮³Ϊ˰ɡ飬ᷢڶΡ
˷ĵѾϱȥˣɽҲѾˡ룬ЩħޣҲ̫ʱˡ
ͼ㿴Ŷ˷ЩȻ𾴵ĸо
ȻܹϱɽҮ˲Ŷ
˷һ£ҲҲȥ㣬ֻҲ˿ֻܷӳƷʿʵҪҷӳȫʵǸʲôħֻҪһСָͷܰ
ҲͬʱЦû뵽ʹͦɰġ
Խʱһһȥ޲ռѷ졭ҲҶĲˡ֮Ĺս㵱Ȼܹ룬ԾƷΪУȻҲ̫ƽˡ
˷İƣȻվ
λС޲ռѷֹģҿ㻹ǻ鶴úõɡټ飬Ѿܾûгˣʵ㹻ˣҲҪúǡ
˵˷ЦҲ鶴ɲ쳯˵һǰء
ĹĵĿ˶˷һۣҲ֪˷˵е޲ռѷ飬ȷʵûʵȥ롭
ںͷ֮ľôҲЩġ
׼鶴ʱ򣬶˷һͻȻߡ
Ȼ͸ожһƬ
˷һƪ̫ϻԪɽʽȷɴ½󲿷ʽҪãʺϵʿ͵ҶԷˣԷûʲôãǣǷǳõġҲΥ棬Էڵ鶴ص㣬ټǳ飬Ҳõģ޷ǰʱһѡ
żƬ鶴죬Ц¸𣿡
Ȼ㡣˷һĵֻ˽˵һСѡֶɽҪжʲôġ
ЦЦ˷Ȼ˵ɣȴ֪飬Ǻܴˡ
ɽҪж٣ɽĶõɴ½ǿɾͷĺö
飬Ҽǵˡصĵ
ܹܶ˵ĶݣЩݣҪġ
ѧԺҡ˾ҡЩܹݵĵطһһ
ڹԼû𶫷˷ǽǻлġ
ȻھƷ۷ΪΪɵصɱ˺ռ
˷Ҳһ
㿴ƬռѾˡ
ڷŶ˷һͺҶսĵصʱ򣬶˷ָָƬռ䣬ȻתѾһЩ⣬ʮദռƬڲϵײȻײڲʲô⣬ȻײȥռѷͻԽԽӦ֮£ռҲͲԶˡ
Ӧȥʵ˺ѿռͻᣬ޲ռ䣬Ͳˣûѧ
һƬһƬƴܹתײ
˷һʾǽռƬһƬһƬ˹ȻƬѷ죬һһճ
㿴ռƬǲʧģֻøϸ޲ãϼʱ֮Ǿ͵øʿ޲ˣ֮Ҳû취˷͵
ƴͼ
︹һ£ЩƬԭķʽһһƴƴͼ࡭
ֻʿޱȵǿֻҪһɨۣܹ֪ӦȥƴƴҲ
һһƴͼʼƴͺҶսһ£ɴ½սĺۼ˺ѵĿռ䣬Ҳǵǡ
ʼһٵƴͼ޲˳Լļ䣬һһԼս·ߣʼ޲˹ȥ
ڷͶ˷æµʱ磬ҲûΪֹͣ
սڼĽսŵЩƽѾصԼסĵطսӰ쵽ƽľסϸ涨˵顣
鶴ڣڵõ̫ϻԪ֮ҵʿʼ˺ҵĴ
Ҫӿ첽ٲҪΪ׸
ܹһͬɽջ֮£еķӵܣʼԼ
һģԣɽʱһ١зʿ뷨


236 Ե
ǳҵĴսѾȥһˡ
һڣʿⳡսǿʼµĹսǵĹս
ûЩ˾İ֮սñʼս
ɭʮڶصֵشһµʱ䡣
һº󣬰Ĵ͹֮ڹ˶ءڶԷַݵԷ£ؾټ̣Ҳû̫á
ڸ㹻ɱ֮󣬼ɭ²ʮȴˣشڶ΢һ֮󣬿ʼͻӾǰ
ȻǾ˶ս
еʿѾԱǷֳСӣϵǰһһķߣп赲·ߣΪ赲ֵĵط
ȻشɱˣϾŶǴһƷڵʿЩߵĴڣȴشʱ䡣
ҲǽţȥУ½ΪʮɽҰǰĳһ֮ӲͣԼĲ
ֻҪһ·ܹﵽͳ£ô˫վս֮ʱ
ʱ˫ıһ
ʾӲشصһ·־ѵõĴڸ·ؾӹ֧ԮʱһƯΧԮشʮ˳սȴʮ
ԴӹսʼشԵһο
ͬʱı̿ǣں󷽲ɧشĲߣʿҪĲ٣ȻĵҩʯĲȴǷǳҪģЩĵҩÿδսܹ֮ôѸٵĻָսû˵ҩĲ䣬Ҫͣȴʿָս֮ǰȻĻңʿ˵ͻᱻʿܡ
£ش⵽صĴۣȻǲĽţڶֲƽΧУҲòôͣǰĲ
˫ڶԶĵطչһĽѧԺԴԴµľӣ֧˶ľ˫չȮÿ춼дʿΪܶ˳ս
عڵĲ䣬ҲԴԴϵĿǱϾԶʿҲܵɧţʤƽƺʼ𽥵ĳŶ뷽б
ȻڴսʼŸ֮ٴ
һλķ־ϳƳ棬ͻȻϮϮĿ꣬ѧԺ
⧲ѧԺܷ𷴿ȴڶԷƱ֮ûֵܵסԺĳҲԷĸΧձ뿪ѧԺոһ֧ʮ˵ĴҲԷ˽ӣֻǱ󳷡
ѧԺ֮ĴͬŭһĴӲ˶·ҲƷˣ
·Χѹխսϣöȫʧȥ˻
˫ֵʱչֳĹʡܹĶԿлϳҲͬżɫı֣
ڶĸȻûʧȥӵۺıȻսϣȴѾ˾Ե·硣
Χ֮شѾԶڶ֮ϣҪǣǿר־ǰĶ֣ҪڹѰҶ֡
ڵսߣֻͣʣľ롣
ﱻûκεֵشѹ
֮УƲҵ
ѧԺԺڼ֣һ˵ѿ
˭Ҳû뵽˫ڽֵʱؾȻðԴͼʿľΪջס˶עľȴѾȫƫ֮У͵͵ƹϳֱӹѧԺ˸׳н
ȻѧԺʵҲǿϰңʿɵĳţսȰȻͬңڸ֣ӵдǿľʿ£ֻиոɵںʹѧԱΪѧԺӣ׾ٵľȡʤ
Ȼ˵ڣ˳Ĵ󲿷ǵͼʿʿʵû̫ˣϣѾ˾Ե·硣
ǲ˺ˡ
ȥͣٺˣǾֻܽеУΪһ䣬ǾҲûκεֿ
ڽĬȻ
ʵս֮Уǵ䣬ұڣǱԡࡢκϳǶдľûбȻ֮в˹սľӣѾٲ뵽սȥ
˫ֻܴûвս룬ҲֻԼһͬڶĴ̿롣
ͳ£ôٶľҲֻѡڳ¾սһֱȫشǱ
ȻﱻȫĻôزأû̫ˡû˾ĳǳأΰҲǿճһ
ؾǿսȷʵ˵֮⡣
ΪȫԱ֮󣬲˵شϳȥֵ굹ҲаյģȻһʱ䣬Ѿʱ̣
ⲻΪϵƣǱҪ࣬ȻҲûвϣǽ֮
صİ壬ǲĽţǰ𣬻ļ磬չֳ˶սûв٣ȴԷŪڹ֮ϡ
أûĽš
ԺţҲԼޱóķ棬ȻǵصȺͺ۵ƿأս棬ȷʵó
սļɭ԰ʱҲֻܹ֧ţ򶷣ɭһҲ°𣬿ݡɭͳԼ
οһƽʱɽ¶ˮȴһٸıƵڡ
ΨһöοǣսУҲнųɳ
˷ﵥ
ƷʿսУ𲽵չֳԼָӲŻ˷ñǿᣬӲһѺ֣ﵥͬˮһ޿ײ롣
һսУ𲽵ӵ˸ָȨļ˷ﵥʵ˲ٵĹ͡
ȻǱϾڳɳͰ־ḻĽűɲϴһء
ƣǵϵİ취ʱ䣬ڣľҲǴ·ġ
ڵˣ̾Ϣһ
ȥôˡ
ѵֻһս䣬ҲҪ
Ȼ˵̲ˣĸλҲλȨأҶڼ˵ǹ˶þҪȥ쳯ˣԱ˵ǰ;ûʲôӰģöԼʧ˭Ըܵһ¡
ϣ˷ͳ
˵ͷѣ˻ҪģҼ˷ڽúܿ죬Īʲôð취
ܿģ˷˽
лļ˷˿չֳƣѾͻƷﵽƷļơ
Ʒ۷ʿȻ˵ͻƵƷҲǳͻƵңڣһؿڣǼͻƵģȻһսУ˷źͶƴҲҪͻƵıԵ
սȷʵ˳ɳøĴ¯
˷ǰʲô𣿡
ǡ
˷һȻЦպ˼һƣܽ˿̵Σ֡
Ŷ
ڵʿǷ׷ʶ˷Ȼ˵ĻĪʲôƣ
˶ЩţνƣҲҪһʵ£ܹӳ壬ǹȻǶţûǿľҲڵĳɼ
ҲûжĽ죬ϳࡢԵκġľǶ½ȴ޷ıĹˡ
ǾʦΪǽһˡ˷Ц


237 ֱ
ʦ
ٴһ㶣˷һ˽ģʲôʦڳĶǾƷ۷ʿʲô˻ǵ
ǡ
СӸҹ˲𰡣
ֵĵ
дһЦͻأĳ˴֮ڣھƷ۷ʿʮûһ˷Ĵڵġ
㡭˿
ЩԾʵ
֮ǰ˿ӦֻչֳƷʿʵƷʿƾʲôڳôƷʿȫûз֣
ûУһǾƷΪЦֻռ֮ȴûʧ
ԭˡа˵ͷھƷʿ˵һδŵûвȻҲġ
ϧƷƺҲǵƱøС
̾ϢҡҡͷصƺܴѾһƷܹϵģչֳɵȻһƷû̫á
Ӿ˵ֻشһ룬ʧȥ˻ռ䣬ȻҲûԮЦ
ԮоƷʿͬʱͬһ䡪ˣ뼸ѾԱȫĶԮ
ǾҪ˫ͻĹˡ
΢ЦǰҸո޲еĿռѷ죬ʱȿ˫ؾļƲ߱Χ˳ͰǾˣ·˻ĹҲˡ
Ŵӷ鶴߳˫ۣڲپƷʿһĸо
ȷʵѾȫԱˣȻ½ֵȻֻ֮ϡͺ֮󣬴ıԱʿֻԹۣȻǿɲûбػܡ
Ļɭ˵ͷҲ˵ܹѼͺĻôҲܹǹͬս
˫ĹǸһʸսıԱͻع鵽˫Ĺ£˷ܵĵ
ʱ˳ƷشȻԮ㼻ͺٴ£Ҳܹȡʱ䣡
һȭͷĵĻʣʱ䣬㹻ȥ
ôܹ¼ͺؾۺȻ󲿷־ʱںǶţǶԺ󷽣Ҳصޱȵȹ̣Ȼ˫ҲᱻΧˡĺɽҡҡͷ֮
ﵽأصķȷʵǳܣ˰֮⣬صλ󽫷ֱظأûиκλᣬȻ뿪֮󣬷أͻܶˣϾصľҲ޾ģЩѾƽĵطפصĸԴʿΪĿǸսž޴Ĳ𡣡
ʮĵϣ鶴ص㣬Яڸûʮұضں󷽣صĺ󷽽һ췭ظ
ãû⣡
Ҳһϣվ̧ͷԷҸʮҽңڸ֣ѧԺҸңڸ֣ټ˫Ĺı㹦ɣ
лϡ
һ
ҽǶǿľӣȫɳڵʿɣܹҲֻʮ򣬶սʣµĽʮǿѹ£һ֮һľֶ֧ȣǴúˡ
ַ滹һ㡭ڷҲҪҲȥɡ
վ˳
ͬվĻҲȥ
Ը֣Ȼٺò
ЦʿԼǹȻᶯɭõĽţҲ뿪а˺ĺɽҲжԿԷʿ뼧Ҳһǳѡ
˳ѧԺҵңڸ֣Ҳöࡣ
֧ȻֻʮˣʵȴռɣҲбҪģϾƻǶܹ֧ȥᣡ
󽫷棬ü˷ȥҲ죬һ㡣Ц
ڶ̵ܴģǼ˷ﵥﵥóأΣ˷óҲʺͳѡ
Լ֪Լ£ͲͳĴ֮ţм˷ŴӣȻҲǷˡ
ֲѶҲûеʱ䣬Ͼشʱչսǰظظ£ȻҪá
Ӫʼĵ
ɶӵĴڸԵӪͳͳ½鶴죬ˮһľҲ˽ȥϾҪԼսˡ
ڱԻ߱ĵϻòҲǺѵ飬ϾռĹĵ֮ҲֵܹĵõصľʣһʣҪˡ
˷ʮҽ
˫
һ̿͡
ķս֮
ټ϶֧Ԯʮңʿ˺ͼƷ۷ʿǷһ·ȫ
鶴һҵʿǶúܿ죬ϾõĻ֮ڣŽЦ
˿ѾƷ۷ΪҲҪһͻƵƷ
˵УƷ۷塣
нոͻƵƷ
ֺƷ۷塣
ԪԪᣬƷ۷塣
߷ӪѧԱǣƷ۷ҵΪ
ﵽڵʿҲ
ǧڵʿƷһ㶼ƫͣϾȻõĻȴһ㣬ܹͻƵڵģ츳൱ɫһȺ
ڴ鶴֮󣬷ЦͷҿܿҪͻƵƷˡúץᡣ
˵ͷԼҪͷһͬȥɽģȻŬ
ȻҵʵһЩȻǰ;
ǵģǰ;
̫ϻԪƪɽ˷ҵʿǼٶȣȻҲӵǧڵʿҪ֪ѧԺĵطڣҲÿѧԱܹʱġ
ôӵֻһꡣ
鶴̫ϻԪһеЧ
˷ƪ̫ϻԪҲ㷸棬ϾԷڵʵҪȫʸģ֮⣬ҵʵԵƫһЩ
£һЩ÷ҵӵø죬ȷʵ㷸档
Ͼɽ֮ӵǵʵ̫Ҳɽ綪ǡ
ÿɷļ塢ɡʲôģɽмĶȻҪһЩŻݡ
οŻݸˣҲԷɴ½ʲôӰ죬Ҳڹƽƽ顣
Զ˷ֱ׳һûС
С뿪ˡ
˶鶴֮󣬷˹֣Ȼݹأ˺ռ֮飬ڹսǲʹõģأ˸򵼡
򵼣һ㶡
ǰ򵼡
һ֣һССļһʹ鶴ڴ˳ü۵ĿΧ
йƣǰǸأô˵ҲǶһԱԸҡսеС֪ЩСôͨһûģһҪϣܹӦ
ЦȻŹƵƣʲôҪǾ˵ɡ
ͦͦԼݹ׵ţϣСƶǹҵֻиã˴γҲ֪ǷܹҸĸһţǵС٣ǵһССԸ
׼ˡ
ĬһļЦõĵ


238 
ڹϲ̵ĸŷ뿪֮󣬼ЦõĵΪʲôҪԭս¹͵ģ֮ȻзͣõҪ𣿡
ٺ٣Ͳ֪ˡ
üɫĶԷսķͺ͹׿ڷģɾʹȥˣҹؼǹҫ棬ԺЩ˻Ҳҿң
鶴ôãҲƷΪ˰ɣƽʱСĹһ㶼û⣬𣿡Щʵ
˭ø糤ÿأ㵱˹٣ҲǱЦԻҵҵòáԼſ׵̾
ˣҲ˵ҪǷңǺܿģ˳ڣܸıһòˡЦ
һе᲻ءԼĵ
߰ɡ
ӶӪȥ֮󣬷Źƣһ·ੲݣһܴȦӣֱƹشƵĵ̣Ȼϳķȥ
֮ǰشϳͻ˶ĲռսֵƣڷҪϳƹȥصĸأһѴ
شͶŵĵط޷ӿзɹ˫µĽշܲգȻĵطȴôߴĽշ
ϾԼıҲӰ졣
͹ƶó֮ڷŹƼɵͬʱ˶ʩչ֮ԼκϢȫ
ȻżҲشɳ̽ʿشĶȫںͶӶţЩ̽ʿҲǳڣڷ߲һָʱ䡣
Ҳûж࿪ɱ䣬޷ǾǴ֮鶴һӣȻܹԷס
ڷŹ·ʱ鶴ڣһƬɱա
˸վһ߷֮ϣͷϵ̫
ͨϬСɵ̫
硭൱ư
ڶ˻عͷ֮˵ͷ
СӣȻҲѹ֣ÿһľ޵ʿд˵ˣֻʱҲܵùĴﵽ˷ɴ½ϵ۷塣˵
ôһѧԱҲõˡЦ
˵ֻǴţĽȫǿԼʲôҲû
̾ϢһȻʱ䣬Ҳ˷ѡȻô̵ʱ䲻ʲôЩһǿָһ¡
˷СѾҪͻƵƷˣúõһ£˵ֻ˸ңڵսͷ
˷ټˣƺ㡣ͻȻЦ
˭˵أ˵Һֻȥ쳯ʱ򣬾Ͱλ㣬һɫӵˣڿҪͷһֱȥɽˣλãѰЩǱʿа
̾Ϣ˷ܹͻƵƷôλãҲʲô⡣
ʼ򣬲ÿɷ
һˣԺмɭѾȷڲ֮쳯ѧԺԺλãƿҵλãҪ
ѧԺǲģʮǰѾ׼˽ѡұҲ׼˵ģ漧λ˷漧ɭĴͳλãλһӵ棬ڣҪŷȥɽ磬˷λĻ߾ͳλã˭أ
ﵥʵǸѡ񣬿ϧҵˡ̾Ϣ
ҲĺѡġȻЦȻ˵·㿴֧ӵĸͳ棬߾˱ľ飬Ѿսйѫ׿С
һ˵֣ͣµţҪսгɳģᣬγֲǶǵĻ᣿֮λʱ򣬿ɻһֻ֪绨ѩµӵء
һ£ȥͲҪˡֻϵĸ֣ûʲôҰģȻû⣬߾ͳ죬ɲӵܾİ
Ҫսȥѡ˲ţ˴ιսԶȻһϾĿ飬ȴҲһԡĻᣡ
˺ͼָ㽭ɽʱɽ£˷ڿԼá
Ȼһֱ˷ﶼ֪üʱԼãһֱҲΪţƷΪѧԺԺҵڵƷΪ뿪Ժļҵڱ߾ѫ׿ΪƷ۷壬ͻƵңֻһ֮ң
ʵҲ̫һ㣬ŽԺʱֻһƷΪѾƷ۷ˡ
磬˵㣬Ϊʲô㻹ܾһֽѣ죬Ҳͻˡ
ĶԼ˵ͻƵңڣ׵鰡
˷εĿܴãףʲôЦɴ½ƷʿֹڣǶͼٸңڵʿɴ½Ҳѡ
һ
ƽǾһ
ο˷ڲʮңͻƵңڵģԿ϶ܹﵽƷ۷ڣҲܹ쳯
ţҲͻƵңһ£ǰƷʿˣǵ죬ɾͻƵƷһֽûͱơ
ɴ½ʿһؽڣôͻƵġ
Ҹʲô֪Ϊʲôû𣿾ٵģҪ㵣һЦ
۾
ã˵Ķԡ˷Цľϥ£Ȼһˡ
ʮҽԼͳ챻ѵһҲ˵ʲôҲͬʼϥ
鶴ڵҲȷʵž޴ĺôʱڲʵҲܶһЩ顣
ʿ֮;Ǿ£н
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΢Ц˹
û취磬ôġ
¶һЦݣ۽ҲҪúأȻƷΪ˵ϺŶ
۵ûж𣺡òõˣһֱͷء
ǰǰĹǿӳԷģӣҿ㻹ָһҰɣҾҲͻƵƷˡ˫ˬʵЦ
Ц˹ȥΪ˫йսľԼ˫ҲһЩۡȴܾ̫࣬Щᡣ
ɺްȻף
ż뿪ıӰۿЦû뵽ȻѾĵزʱµЩʣڿƺһЩ
ٶҲûãؼҪڽʱȡɹȻԼ̫ܽλȴҲҪȡñĹȥɡ
뵽Ҳʼĵ鶴ôõĵطһ£ȷʵ˷ˣԼȻǿӳԷģʵ̫ˣҲǲеġ
ȣѾͷƺеӰ߿ϵ˵Լ
˵Ѿͷ񶼺ͷеʲôѾͷȻˡҿҲǸĴˣѾͷ׾Ҳ̫һ㣬˵ˣӺ檣ʲô˲һʮ˷Сءںĵ
ȻͿ̧ͷԼһۣſоͳһִ׵磬ֱֱĴ˼ͷ
Ȼľϵʿٻ׵磬õġ
ͷµҲ˵ʲôԼֶŮװ


239 Ը
·ɽֱǰʮ·ֻһܹͨ˴ɽ֮󣬾ϳĹˡ
ŹƵĻ˵ͷϳƹȥȻ·̸ԶڷȴʲôؼϳһĹңפȻ٣ȴȽϻңκԺͱ࣬Ѿϳռʱ䣬ѾǾҪӻԵøѡ
ٷ֪鱨κԺͱĴ󡢽շ󼸺ѾˣҪȥѣǴӶ·ϣǷܡ
սʱϲ棬ôԼĺ󷽣Ȼǿصøӵܡ
ôϳ߹Ǿͷöˣϳߣκٵԣ˵ԷľԻ
˵ͼ֮󣬹ƾæĽ鶴죬͵ϳˣҲ˵ʱܻˣƿɲԼΪ׸
ƻص鶴ʱ鶴ڵĶʿǾ֪ѵʱ
ʱҪһԽĹ磬Ӷ뵽ϳϳκȻκԣһֱʱ򣬲õʱ
ڼ䣬ֻȴԼҪ˷֡
صʵԼƵĵ̴ѶҲֻյ蹦ܹʱ򲻹ǰش֪Ѿɵĸ뿪ֱӻӾ룬ɳƷֻסʧܣѾΪ˶֡
ʱ˷ﵹǳ׵ĳˣĿϥţԪӿ壬𲽵ķԪص㣬ͼԼػΪһ塣
˺ͼһۣڱ˴пο
˷ͻƵңڣһսô򵥣Ϊķչ˼ʵĻ
˿ѾԽ˶ϳɽ
Ȼųʮ·˹ָ·£ͨҲɡ
͹ƵУҲ֪Ϊʲôƻ֪·
˵˾ȻԼҲйϵԭǺԼһȱħޣ󱻻Ƽҳ׷ɱ֮󣬹ƾ;Լù͸ˣ뿪Լϰߴٵɽ˺ϳɽȻ˫رţҲǼصذرפѣɽУûоڣвСʿ
֮󣬹ƻˮǴһЩˮɢ޻ӵܣǶģϳҲͬ١
֮ڹһһ÷ǳ֮
ϧǣڹսʼ֮󣬹ƾûôˣٴҲھƵȥ٣ֻܻ½˺ҺǼҵѾֻһȻһͬ鶴졭
ʱľ;úЦԼҲеԵ֣ڸǼ˷ңҲԼˡ
ɽ֮󣬷˿ܣѸٵݹ⣬ͬʱ֮ȥԼϢٵĳκȥ
κҲһս֮أϧǣսʱںͱԴòֺڱ͵ϮһͿء
κĶǴҲһıҪأϧûдκߣȻռ˴Ҳ
κ֮󣬷ͲٷˣĴɼĽշǶźܴš
󣬱رǲһǰֻµ߻ĽҰأűԽ
ҿ֮ǰ޲ռʱ򣬷Ҳ˹Σ½·߶ԺƹҪ·Ҳݱؾӷ֡
ϳɵκֻ˰ʱ䣬Ȼκȴ˷ʱ䡪ϾȦܣֱ߷Уž޴ġ
ҲЩϾڶɵĸ߶鶴֮ڣصѾ˲٣شֵĻԴݿ֮ͣôԼҲˡ
ɵĸ߶һʱ仹Уʱ˿϶ᱻԷ⣬Ͼ˫ĸ߶һֱн֣˼Ҫ˲ܲ֡
ڷںʱܡ
ܺ޹ǵܣҪܿԷľӣȻͻȻں⣬ѸºԵĴ죬£ԻսܣԼ̵Ĺģ
ܹشͣûôΪҪռ崦ǣͳһ˶½
죬죬죡
Ժͷ
ڣ뿪Ӫ֮󣬷ִ˱Ǻ
ȻǰǺ
ΪԵǣҲһΡ۳ǣģ֮£Բ˰֮ƣΧսϣȻǱ׵¡
ڣ˺⡣
ǵģذ˴еӵܡ
ΪǣȻ֪⴦ǵ壬бԲʿ붫鱨ҲѾ֪ˣȻҲȦףͰ˫˸˽ӣפһƷΪӵͳ죬𽫺ԴԴԴϵͨ͵ǰߡ
˫ԶԶĿźаٸн
ǡ
ΪԼҵӵ֮һԺĸ飬Ȼһܹġ
ؾȻԤӣֻٳڵʿǴڵʿҲСҪ̵ʱڻǣǣȻ죬ЩܹսıԽʿشûзӦʱոʧأܹսĿꡣ˷
˫˵ͷȻһͼָ
ΧǻƣҪȫռȡȻֱȥȡǣǳƽϵҪ֮أұԴڳƽϵ֮䱻Χģ֮󣬺ܶ˷ɢǸֻҪǴģǱضͶ˫϶ĵ
Ǿ֮ƣºؾȫܻȻֱȥȡǡ
˵ͷ
ʿ֮սֵģսԣսϣȴûʲôֵġ
ʵǿģǿʵģսپҲûʲôá
ԵؽǳķͻȻֵĴʱֻüһ¡Ǿǹرճš
ȻûС
˷ｫʮֳˣΪһɼͳ죬һɼͳ죬ֱ𹥴š
ŷҵӵܣԼ۵´̿ͣš
˫µţ
һν͹˺ĳǳء
ҲǺ̫˫Եȡؾڵʿ٣Ǵڵʿͳ첻ƷΪأſƯŵʮλңڵʿؾͼʧȥ˵
صˣٴƣǶƴף֧ӲǹڵԤս־ϣͲ̫Զˡ
һʵռţǳ䲻⣬һʵھԵƣ⧲֪
һʱ֮˫̤˺ġ
ؾûһӵġȫܻڱܻʱǾѾʧȥ˼սȨ˽鱨Ҳ
˴ӱǽжˣ˫ʱȥȡƽϵǣĳǣǸ¡˷˫
˫Ҳ֪ڲ˸еʱ򣬵µ˵ͷԼХȥ
⸽һɾǺؾĳ಻ؾ˫Ĺ£Ǻܼ򵥵顣
죬Χǣȫ䣬˫ǴԹĴ죬Ըɹ
ϢѸٵĴ˱ȫ
ƽһò䣬ںƾƵĴ󺺣Ϣ֮һ߷ǰİ
ǣȥƽ
һĴĺ


240 
ǱԵĴʱȫսȴ˶ԷļƲߣڳƽ޷Ԯһ·ǣֻܱ˳սȻ˳ˣ£˴ľѾǣ
˫˷ܵĶԷ
˿Ҳ
һ׼ľ˵󣬲չֳҲ֤һƷϵĸ֡
лǸм
ˡ
˫ԱЦ˽ʮǶҹڵľӢǱԽˣǻὫԶģ
±ԣβȥ΢Ц
˫һ㶣һ
ԣβȥ
ǻ֮ǰıԣûһġϾڱ˵ǵʵԶ֮£ضԱ߾Ҳһֱܵúϣ͵ϮҲ˶½һ۹غȹأ
أȴǲеģ
صľ󲿷ĵֿǣסˣ˺ж˴صһ·ֻҪ¸أôشسҲҪܳʱܹѸٵͨôĵ·
ʿǰҪö࣬Ȼû˴ҪϻҲǶʱܹϻģ
һ־פغ͸أֱӹ򺯹ȹأɵϣܹڶԷûаյºȹأȹһƣصһ·֮ϾͲ̫谭
ɰգ
ȻƹǣȻǰȴޱȵǿںȹδ֪ѾֻҪ˺ȹأظأʮڲ췭ظ
֮ǰ֮ܣʵ⣬Ǵսϳ⣬˶ݣ󷽿飬ͻº֮󣬱ԿаҲֻȻ˳
ϵúãֹɡ
΢Цˣ˫ǰ࣬һ¼Ǳɴرĺͻ룬ϱлҲûϣ

صһӣͻ뺯ȹ֮ҵعʣµľס뱱ණλӱͻϮһֲҲֱܹؿдҲһ˿̵Ŀܣ
ƴЦսԵĻƣһпشûüʱ򣬾һݣ
ʧҲû⣬ʧؾҲ޷ͳһǿ϶ƴĻطôһһȥ׷˵˳ָ뱱Ĺʱ򼯺֮˴Ļս֮أ֧ʣµʱ䣬Ѿûκ⣡
ҲıԺͱҰġĽ޷ڻûʱشѾͣٲܲսԱľ֮Ҳ˳սͻñԱ˵
ⲻܡ
ԭܼ򵥣ǱԻǱ࣬ûʵһͳ½ʸͳһ½ģҲֻغͶްԣǿϳȻǱ붫֮£ȴڶݣҲûͳһ½
֮⣬˵ά״õѡ
ս֣֮ǰ֪Ҫ˶١
γΨһԭ򣬾Ϊ鶴Ĵڣսϵ漣
˷ûܹôӴľӣôʱںصĴ󷽡
ΪʿɵľӾͿӲȫ·ִǰľӣ³Ǳ˸˽ӡ
¼Ѷʮ￪ʼפظĳǳ֮⣬ʮγһƺƵĴӺֱ˴½һ۹غȹأ
Ѹٵͻƺȹأһ㷽ûв֣֪Ľţһġ
οפغȹصģδؾʲôʿڱԵĴľƷ۷ʿңʿ֧ԮԶڵңں֣۷Է׼ȱֵ£ҲѵֵסԴͻϮ
ڱ￪ʼжʱ򣬷Լ鶴ڣſʼٳűǰ
ͱԱפصؾӣҪԵøһЩ
ϾͱԲһλò籱ôҪʱ򡪡ص룬·һǴȹءһߣȻд󣬿Ǿ˴£ɻ𵽾޴á
ͲһˣҲءŹһﶫĵ·һ·Զ಻˵м仹кɽɭֵȻ籱·ñ
ڱؾӣռսʣṩǰá
Ѹǰʱ鶴ڣĸһܲ
Ϊʲôܵʱ򲻺ǣôãİ
ѾָԪɽյĺţ˿ָ̻ͻԭͣȴ˵˻˵Ĺ졣
оƺǻʲôܡ
ϥŵļ۾Цһ䡣
ȾҲİֲҪɽ˸ĵ
ҪԼĸˣǹսֲ֣ܲȻ붫ΧǰæˣȻҲصǰæһȺȥ˼𣿡
Ǿˡ
ɽ룬ȻҡҡͷΪУһƿҡҡλε߿ˡ
ҡҡͷԴκ˱Ҷ֮ɽͻֵ鶴ڣ˵Ҫľ֮
㻹öƷҲǸңڵսǲĽһȾƣ˾ʹܣһʱüΪͷۣҲ֮ǰܹȺúΪ
ҪǺսĻ⼸һﵹǺõĴ֣ϾһңڵΪԼ츳ܣһңʿҪǿһЩƽʱԵö㣬ȵö㣬ɵƻ㣬Ҳ˵Ҫˡ
ǹսĲ⼸һ밡
ŵʱԶһȻ죬һ̣ƨ˹һһߺĸǼһܣֻһ
㲻ǵץһԼͷУ찡ΪʲôҪļһͷң
һļ㣬ڽ򼻶ĹУǷĲ˼ĳǽ۶̲סãǲǼġ
¼ɨΧĿأڱʱ䣬˷عı̿;Ѿﵽ˶ʮ֮֮࣬ǰսаݵľ𡢸߽롢ڡȱҲ׷׻ع飬Ҳһ֧ʵΪ׵
ʮʮ΢ɽ֮󣬿ʼѸٵĴأ
֮ǰѾթƭ˺ȹأʮͬһ㣬ӿظء
šţֳ·ʼɨعڡ
عפصŴʧɫѸٽϢǰߣȻʼ֯ӣ׼֪ľӡ
ʱ򣬷һǱ˺أȻԴԴϵĴ鶴ӿֻ˼̵ʱ͹˺أû˿ֱͣӴֱָ
˿̵ԭפصĴ뿪а˳ɣƮҡ
𶯣
𶯣
𶯣
ʮȻصıԵ
緢ѾӮˣȫû뵽顣


241 
죬죡
Ӯļ´Ѹٵظϡôඥ佫ڼ̵ʱڣ¾жϳصЩӣ϶ԱԺͱ࣬ͼĴȫʧ飬Ҳ֤һ㡣
ӮҴ˴ӱߣѡκ·
ȻԶһЩһ·ϵĴȴͨģȻط졣
ڵõش˵Ϣʱȴûβ׷ﵥһˣ֪ʱ׷˵ͻ϶ԷȦףϾǰ壬ûһ֮
ҪģǻָͬʱĻָԺͱĹĹһƬܹŸĻأϾҪĲùս޷ʣµʱ
ﵥĻж߲㶼ΪȻûҪͳһ½˼ô£ѡ׵ķȻõġ
ôȴشһ·ȴǾһ·ӹܣԲöԷл̲ǵ
ֻҪڵĸ߲ʵôͱԱľӻϣôϣĻô࣬סʱ䣬һⶼûС
ȴ򣬾ðĶϺİ̾һ
԰ľǲľعģﶼγôؽлͳһ½
ȻǲòϾƵĻôӵǿľҲֻܹȻ˳ľ
ϳһ
ΪǿϳڻܹսıȱԱҪ࣬ǵǱռݣҲֻĿشݺ۳ҡ
ӮǶԸ׵óԼҪõĶ
ǣشΪ٣ʵȴǿһ죬ٶȸϻӮͳϵһƫҪһѵ
̰ðҪβ׷ɱռݵ̫ðʧĻͻһÿ
ϧǣʼηȨﵥչֳĽ
ΪӪȴһһԼĿƷΧֱȻԵûһЩȴð͵ϮĻᡣ
Ҳֻܳ̾һı࣬ڶΪӪ£ǿҲֻܽһƫɥʧڵطĴǰ
õĻᣬѾʧȥˡ
̾һʼӻسκҪκοԼУĻеô
һ֮󣬶ͱפغľȡϵҪĳι⸴֯ľӣӹ˳ķ
ĴܲĴö뽫͵˱Ա߾΢֮󣬶˱࣬º󣬱⸴
ռңռңսʼ˾ơ
֮󣬷˺ͼϡ
ԭпģΩҲǽţ֪ȹر֮ϵĳȥ֮⣬Ѹٵ֪ͨǰشϸķ˴ʱľ棬شѸٻسĻᡣ
˫Ѿŵľ˴󲿣ֻʱ⣬Ȼش̫죬һ֮˫ıﻯΪ㣬ڲɧţǣصĳ뾣ȱཫͬ´̿ͻΪ㣬Ǳڲ̿ͶԽɱʮ̿ͣɱҪʮɱˣ
ķŽع˶
֮󣬶½ս֣Ͼȶ
ڲܵԱɧŵشҲ½
սϣƣǶɳﵥ뼧˷һһأżƬأҲܹܿ
Ժͱɢľӣڲɧţ꣬һֱսбԺͱĽʿûȫ
λɳɫڹսʱҲָ۷ʱռݵأȻûյսĿꡣ
½ϣĸսֹͣϢںܶʱھʹ½ƽǶһȻսû˵κεƽ񣬿һս׷ɵĴ½ϣϾʲô¡
عӮϳ̡Թʤκκ˹൤׷½룬쳯ʹ߶˷
˴ιսʵΪʵսѾֹλعȣݵˡ
˷ȶλ鶨˻սֻǿ飬ûԸ⿴½һš
໥ӣȴû̫ĳޡ
ϾڹսУ˫ûʲôˣʧҪһЩȻҲΪڲѾħɵģ׼ȷ˵أû̫Ĺϵ
οĻλǰ쳯ͼɽ硪Ǿ͸ûʲôìܿˡ
λͳ춫½Ҳнʱˡ֮ڽٹһ꣬λǰ쳯ӣȹϲλܹ;λɰࡣ
Ƿ׷׹Ϊ񣬷ȨƹȻʿĹȵҲûͷɣΪɽһ֣ռ׷Ŀꡣ
ȥ쳯Ҳ˵߾ߣȥ쳯ĸǵѡȻ׼ҲҪһιȵʱڡ
µľƷ۷ʿʸȥ쳯һǳϸĹ涨һ춼С
ҵļڣҲţϧΪƷ۷ʿһ꣬Ҳʧȥ˽쳯Ŀԡ
ȻĻԸƷʿܽ쳯ģҲֻ
ǶŴˡ츳ޱȼᶨ־ܹ֮ǰΪƷ۷ʿ츳ɫʿɽҪġ
ͨѡνɽʿɽ綼ܹܵãЩͻ֮ɵʿɽҲԵʵҪһЩ
ˣҲͬġ
Ƿ
һ䣬֣ĹǸ΢ЦӮ˫Ŀб˾⡪Ҳ֪ΪʲôսˣȻֻԾƷΪսռ䣬ȴιս˾Եã
Ƕáʹɰš˷΢Ц
Ȼˣҵȸˡ
λ׷׹Ȼ˼֮󣬷׷̻صԼĹңϾȻǵĽӰ˶ѾŵòˣȻҪ˳תȥҲҪһЩʱġ
λ뿪֮󣬶˷ȴûм뿪ǼһֱǰΪֹ
ʹߴˣҵôŵİ
ֵ˶˷ǰ֮ǰһͬȥ޲ռѷ죬Ѿ֪˷ȻڹǵǰڳһʹߵӣȴǸԸڶгˣҲôעڡ
㣿ҪҰţΪļ壬Ҫȥ쳯˷Ц
ΪΣЩֵʡ
ʱ֪ˡ
˷˸ӣһ֮󣬻طһ㻹һͬǰȥ쳯ʱ֪ΪʲôǲҪȥ쳯ˡ
ΪʲôǻҪȥ쳯׷ʡ
ڲ˵˷ӡ
ҾͲˣһʱѡ
ʼı֣ö˷
ȻôͲҺûгɾ͸а˷̾
㵽ҪʻǲʣЦ
ǻǱ˰գʧ˷ЦˣЩӵôˣһʱ䣬ҪǿʵУȻĻ㵽ɽ磬ʵ̫ҲֻΪ׸
İɣġʮĵǲҵ׸ǡҵļˡ


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242 õĵ̳
ģҲеġ
ΪʱλʿĽþݡ
ȻڵУ˼ԼѧԺӪ˴󲿷ʲرõģ֮ǰ鶴Ҳû̫ĽϾʰ
Ȼٶȣ˸Ծ֮ǰЩûʲôɼ˶ˣڼѾӵ˾Ʒ۷ʵѾ˷ɴ½ϵļ¼ȻǷ֮µļ¼
˵СнֺԪסԪᡢֵЩߣ׷׶ͻƵңڵΪѾܴҲûʲôʵϼһҲĪͻƵңڵΪ
ԷǸм˷ġԵǣΪϰ˶˷ġ̫ϻԪǲ̥һı仯
ڵķңƷʿһңʿʮʿǧʿüеķӵܣʵģѾﵽڵΪ
ٵʵԽ˷֮ǰļ¼
ɽؼɽؼ
ڷл˷ʱ򣬶˷ȴⱾؼı仯ǱʾΪ鶴桭
Ļǲŵģ鶴õĻô鶴Ÿ죬а˸쳯˵Ļ쳯ʿķҪԶԶĳһİƷʿ쳯˵ʲô
Ȼ˷ǲϡ
ʲôû㣬һҪסܵʱʲôˣʲô㣬㶼Ҫϡ
Ŷ˷ѵףصĵ˵ͷ
Ȼ˷˵ôͱضԭ
ɲôĵȥƻܺӡ
ȻҪһʱǰȥ쳯ʱ䣬ȴҲûʲôˡ
ʵڰ۷λãͣ˺ܾáڻɱ˺Ҷ֮ʱܹоԼʵʵѾﵽ˰۷壬ȻͻƵɣûʲôͷ
ƷΪļҲЩﲻסˣʼûм鶴ڣǺͷһһʱ¡
ܴ
ɣֻǶ½֮һĴ½Ŀ飬Ĺңжʮĸ
Էͼ㣬ʼ¡
Ҳʼ֪˸ڹս顣
Ĺս꣬ûĸܹͳһһƬ½Ͼҵʵ࣬ӵоƣҲͬʱҡ
Ϸ½һвκĹң˱ԼǿļɹС񺺺ͶʱȴֶһȻռƣȴûڵʱȫֻ֣ܲˬĽܼά״
½ҲǴͬС졣
ڹսУȴӿֳ˺ܶƽʱĬĬŵʿЩʿеĺᣬеûȴпܳΪһ쳯ľӢ
Ԥǣһ꣬Щ˳ɳʱҲ쳯ӭһ˲ŵľ硣
˵쳯չսĿġ
ͼεһ꣬ûȥ飬ֻܣϵܣ飬һѵõϾ
ںܾ֮󣬴½һһŮĸڷɴ½ĴûĹ£Ĺ¾ǣĳΪûкȹھ¥һȻһ˸ȭ֣ʯ⳥˵ʧ֮Ѹٵ뿪
ǵģǷͼ磬ҪĸҲͷ鶴Ǹ˷ǵĴҡС
һʱ䣬ڹȥˡ
½ĸ֣ۼһ
ļɭаˡĺɽˡˡ
صӮ塢˹šΩԼӮҵҸ֣ʸ쳯ʮˣ֤صǿ
Ժͱˡ
κҪһЩֻʸ쳯ĸ֡
ϳˡ
ʮǶ½һʸ쳯ʿ
ȻҪһ
塣
Ѿ룬ڣǿǰ쳯ˡ˷Ц
쳯Ķ
һ˶еɻ⣬ʮˣûһǾ֮ܣ˭ӮĹʱҲ£˵ȥĵطȥˣȴûе쳯
νʮĹͬһƬ½ϣֻ½֮䣬ɽ
Щɽͨ˵գǶЩʿ˵ȴʲôļɽ̽չûзκĵط
쳯ڴ½롣˷΢Ц
ܣ½ҲȥһƬɽҰ룬ɽʲôûУ޶һֻ
ӮҲͬʱͷȻȥĲֹһ
ͼҲȥƬط󣬴ֻж֮ô󣬻̣ѷÿ
ȥˣǾ֪ˡ
˷Ц
ҲϻչΣŶ˷˴½롣
ЩҪôҪôǴ󽫣ѧԺԺƽʱеʱ򣬲ϼ죬Ǵʱȫʵʵļ˶ݹ⣬Ͷ˷һ𣬳Ŵ½
ǾƷϵʿԪú͵Ѿһޣ£ֻһʱ˾Ͷ˴½Ƭɽ֮ϡ
쳯أʵڵϣϡ
˷ڽҿյס
˿̣ɽ֮ϣֻж˷ʮˣӵһһͬ鶴ڣʹߣҲ½ʿƬɽ֮ϡ
ʮˣٵҲжʮˣһٶλƷ۷ʿվǿסԼϢҲһƬĿռ䣬һЩ
ϾӢһˣ
ʹߺ˼䣬Ȼʹͬʱ֣һ⻪
ĵͬɫĹ⻪һȻ۳һȶƣţһִĺڹ⣬˲ͳ֮Уȥ
ںڹĵطһڵͨ
ǽ쳯ĵ·ˡֻĸ֣ܹͨΪ˷ֹкʿ룬ԣ쳯ڵϣϡ
˷תͷ˼䣬ȻʹߣһͬȽͨ
ɣֻͨάһյʱ䣬²Ҳûˡ
ڳİʿҲɣͬʱݹ⣬ͨ
˶֮ͨͨڣ𲽵ı䵭Ȼʧ
쳯ڣһ֮󣬲Żʹǵĺ֮£ٴδ򿪡
ǿõĵ̳ʿ˵á
ͨʿǣʼʹߵĺ棬ϵϷС
Ǻܳܳһͨ
ڷеĹУʹϵƣʼ𽥵ǿ
ԭڵʱʹչֳƣ޷Ǻ;Ʒʿ࣬Ȼǿȴ¡
ȻڣŷеʱţʹչֳģѾԶԶɵ
ڽ֮ͨ󣬷ͲԼϵĿ𽥵ĵʧҲɢ˳Ʒ۷ʿʵһһɢԼʵ
ϵƣʹһʼͬʱڽ
һڷʹߣЩתͷһۡ
ǸӮħס˷ɴ½Сһˡ˷ЦŽһ䡣
ʹͬʱȻ
ԭȻӢ۳갡ôĹͣصʱ򣬺ô٣
˷ʹһۣʹ֪ʧԣͱ͡
˿Щкܴĺôʵʹ߶ЩĽӣɱҶҲǰ׷


243 쳯
ʹǵȻȴҲʿˡ
½ʿǶ֣Ϊʲôò˵ˣչֳƾȻܹʹǲ£ڲ֪ԭǻɱħǸˡ
ħǰΪʱͷų½Ķʿе־壬ܹɱħģı֣Ȼ֡
չֵʱʹϵƣڲϵ
÷ҲеˣΪڿʧ֮󣬷ԸоԼʵڲϵľӦѾﵽ˰ɵ۷壬ֻһͿ̤ɵΪνɣصĹԼƿأ֮䣬ܻƬ½
Ȼʹƴﵽ۷֮չֳģǱȵɻҪǿʮٱƣ
Ҳֻд˵еˣܹӵʵ
쳯ʹߡɽˣ
Ǹ֣
ڷΪ˸еԾʱͨˡ
һɴ½ǿʿԼһƬ֮ͬһĵط
ģޱŨԪǱκθأҪŨöԪ
£һƬһƬƲʣȴ̵ĴأҪӲ
ĺһ֮а˾Ȼ֣ԼھƷ۷ͣ˺ܾõʵƺһҪͻƵļ
ÿʿĸоֻĺһڣͻĸоĵط쳯
ֻ쳯ǲ̫һЩطҲ̫СһЩ
Ŀ֮Բֻ֮⣬һƬڡ
쳯ûҲûǰӭӣֻһٶվЩãȻĹˡ
ʹߣǲֻһڣ
ʡ
ʹ໥һ£ȻЦ
˷Ȼʹпģվ˳λʵ쳯ˡ
쳯ôһطأ֮ǰ쳯أ˵ʿɵ쳯أ
ʿ׷׷ʡ
ǰ˵е쳯ޱȹޱȻԻͣ쳯ʿ춥ʵ׾ܹɽ磬ĴԴԣǽ쳯ģҲص򡭡
ڣôôһƬԲĵطȷʵԣԴȴһ˶ûУ
λһ¡
˷ѹѹ֣أЩҲҪˣȷʵ쳯һֱ쳯һƬط
ֻ쳯֪һޱǿĹҡϷʹߵ
һƬ֮ءӵа˴죬ʮС֮ޱȵĿݡ
ӾƷ۷嵽ɣ򣬾ûƣҲҪʱ䣬ܹͻơ
꣬λʸɡ
֮ǰ쳯Щʿʳɫ֮ǽ쳯֮ǰǾѾ׷ɽ磬Ȼûˡ
ŨЩûдﵽƷʿĻǲá
ǰﵽƷģʾԵԲɽҪǿľӢ
ԲƶȣѡһΣ£ﵽƷ۷ڵģʸ쳯
Щ˵ֻǴ˵ѣҲ֪ΪʲôĴ˵ǣΪ˸Ƕɡ
Ŀռȹ̣㹻ǽɣ˵ΪȻٳ֣ϴǵĸǣܹ˳ķɽ硣
ĸʹߣʵǴɽ·ʿ
ֻ֮󣬾ҪסԼȻ򣬶Ҫƻ
һ磬һĹ򣬾ˣҲܹƻ
Էʱǲǲȥ㣬û쳯Ǹտӣûиȥ㣬ֻܿΣȷʵ˴󹦣ħɴ½᲻ڡ
仰˷ǶԷ˵ġ
Ц
ǽ⿪֮ǰš
ΪʲôԼͺҶսʱ쳯֡ϾԼͺҶսһ£쳯һɳ֣ҲܹĨɱҶĴڡ
ԭǲæûæ
ĸʹʵֻչֳƷʿʵ
쳯ҲʲôǿĹңֻһĵصѡ
˰˸ʮСѹֻôԣ
쳯ԭֻһɵıҵࡣ
еʿĿɿڴ
ʵ̫ˡ
һֱŵ쳯ԭһطеģʵӴԶԶйҵļ塭
ҲãһңЩʿҪӡ
õһ£꣬ԼܹɳɹġƺҪϼء
еʿһԵģ˸طϥ£ʼؼԪ
Ҫŵ۷巢
⽫һĻ۹̡ӾƷɣٵɣ쳯ļޡ
˵۷壬쳯ή١˵£ʵҲĺôٵͬʱҲᱻ޾֮ϴ壬Ԫͬʱøӵǿ
ĬȥλʿʹǶ͵ĵ˵ͷ
ʵ¶Ҳһֿ飬ԵĿ顣
ЩĿǣҲ˳ͨĿ飬˲еĹؽڣ֪Լöĺôһɽͬͻӵľкøжȡ
ڵѡηʽǰɺõöˡ
ǰһжŵþ޶ȵı˷ҽɽģһʳɫԼᶨдǻ۵ʿɽԽ
˵֮ǰɽ磬ҲһƬңµʿΪԴٵʱҲܵҵϮ𣬾ɳɹˣҲ׽ɽ磬ɽ޷šһȻҲһЩϣȴ൱гġ
ҶΪȥģġ
ʹǷ׷ʶţ̾ڵĺʱ
ڵɽ絽ɴ½ȷʵһֹţҲĹɲȴںܴĳ̶ϣʧмࡣ
Ե޹ʵʿʧԵ޹ʵУٻЩԴҲʧ
йĻ£ʿʡõԴٲγ˷ѡ
ȿȡ
Ա߿ʹžԭһˡ
֪Ϊʲô˵쳯ûʲô˰ɡ˷Է
˵ͷȷʵˡ
Ȼ쳯ʲô˶ûУֻɰ˸졢ʮС켯Ļô쳯ȷʵҲûʲôô
Ͼ鶴Ҳ޷ҪȥѰͻƵķʽ
ͻƵɵʱ򣬾٣ɽʱ
⡭Ҳ֪Ӧͻưɵ۷壬ﵽɵΪûתתɣԼһ£ܲͻƵɡ˷Է
˵ͷ
޵ص㣬ҵͻƷʽ֮󣬾ܹɿĽǺôǻǾǱʿΪ֮󣬾ܹˮһͻƣ˵Ҫͣܳʱ䡭
Ҳż鶴ڣҵ˻ڲϵУһʱҲ޷
ᣬʵͣҲʮ壬ڵΪһⶼûУ治ţս֮ǰûɽ磡
ʵڲϵԼܹоģҪģҲֻеȴȻǽһ·ҵʿ
Ͼˣһ̿飬ϵϤҲ֪Ӧô


244 Ļع
֮;û̫ݾߡ
ڶʮ򷽼ҵӽʱ򣬷Ҳ̲ס²һԼԼһ߽ݾˡ
ϰ̫ϻԪѾɽ缶ʽֻҪϵĻۣȻ˳򣬲ϵͻƾˣʲôϸڷ治׵⣬Ҿͺá
ҵʮˣʮ˵ǰʵĸߵͣҲ𽥵һļǰڲϵУϵĲ𣬿ʼչ˳ʺõģһЩʲģһЩ
ģڶԼ㴫ĵãɾƷ۷ͻƵɵĹؼʱ̡
֮ǰʽ֮ͬǰǻۣھǽܹܸԪĵزҪľǴĥ𵤣ҪľĥԪ񣬵ңڣҪǾģԼظӵ롣
һеḶ́ˮɣҪģֻǲϵۻ
ӾƷͻƵɣҪʼһЩعҲ׳Ƶ
ռĹĹһعʱ򣬾ͽɵΪ
ع򣬾ͳΪɡ
ڼģعķԼıعһЩὲȻĥ
ʵңڣΪһ׼
ģ磬ϤЩ򣬵һĵز֮󣬾ܹչ򡪡֮𣬺ܴ
԰֮£ΪϣپƷ۷ʿҲǰɵĶ֡
쳯ѾȥһµʱˣʱʮʿеĽģѾʼ𲽵֮һЩͻƵɵļ
ٶȱȼҪö࣬Ϊң۷ʵϣʱعϤȻͽø졣
һӴѧϰ̣ҲһõĴĹ̡
һգڴ󺣱ʱԺУͻȻһϤ
ָˣϲ
ǵģڻָˡһһʱһָúܿģȴͻȻ֮ԴȻͻָˣ
ԶĴУͻȻҵķһ̣Ӵ˴롣
ޱӴģȾƷֳҪӴʮϰٱ壡
޵ԱȣǿĴСԽ󣬾Խǿ
㡭ѾﵽɵΪˣһ£Ȼʵ
ǰ
չһȻ˫һ˻ָСž͵˹
µʽ˵µʽɣʵ
ǰȻһֱţôҲܳΪڵݡ
תһȦ
㲻Ҳܹһɽ簡ɻĵ
ɵҪţϻǼݽɽ磬޷ǾܹΪ˵ѣڣɣ
ĴЦڵʵɽ֮󣬸ͲΪ˿ӣҲÿͿ
Щ㶵ķҡҡͷأ֮𣬾쳯ɽʿɽʿһλԶ
ԭˣѾˣһֻǰ۷壬ͻƵɣңңڰ̾Ϣһ
ʲô
Ĵ˿Ȼûʶ̽鶴𣿡
֮̽ǰûʲô仯ҡҡͷ
ôû仯ǵģ֮СһﻯΪ鶴֮鶴ѾˣȻûоãһЩʲô𣿡Щʹĵĵ
ʲô˵˼
ûˣõǸϼһĴУĽҲ鶴ĳɳϢϢصĹϵ鶴ܳɳʲôӣܹɳʲôӡ
Ļˡ
ԭ鶴죬ֻһĿռ䣬ʲôûУȻԪȴֻܸģûá
кǣ鶴۳壬鶴¶ԼĿ
о鶴ӵ֮ظȹ̣ˮʼѭ
֮鶴𲽵Ŀʼת
ͨϬɱ䣬鶴ڿʼ
ʱ鶴죬һ磬УҲһ·һոմﵽڵСʿǰδİʿ
ڻȱʲôأǾ
翪ʼ֮ʱҵ壬Ż𽥵ĻָǰӣҸо鶴쿪ʼʱҵ壬Ҳʼ𽥵ػָǶʱָˬÿ춼ܿԼһһĻָԭӣұøӵǿ󡭡
룬ǾԼͺҶʱϰƽ鶴ڱѣôƽȻǿҵ֮
ǣһ֮ͻȻˣ֪һͷںƮĸо𣿡
򼤶ĵ˷һĭӡ
ץץͷô֪ʱħѾˣ½ֻйսսֲӰ쵽ƽ鶴ڷôҲ̫㣬ȻͰƽǶŻȥˡ
ǰŻȥˣҿ鶴ѾļȻÿȴҲڻָڣǻָ塣
ͻȻЦһָ壬ȻζţѾͻƵ˵ɵΪˣ
𣿡
һ㶡
ʱʶ鶴ָŷҵʿǣֻñϢҲûע⵽һ㣬ԼȻ֪оͻƵ˵ΪԼͦġ
Ȼˣɲ֪鶴Ƕô˲Ĵڡɴ½ʿ˵ͻƵƷرѣֻҪʲʱ䶼ܺĵֻ󲿷˵ȲѣڽƷ֮󣬾㵽쳯ôӰͻƵɣٵɶ壬ؽǿޱѵ飡Ҫʱ۵ģأʲôøɣֻҪȵ鶴̬ܹΪɶʿˣ˵ģ
һ仰÷֪Ϊʲô˵Լˡ
Ȼ֮ǰƽ񶼵鶴ǰ鶴̬ʱ䣬Ǿûʮ꣬鶴ҲԷγҲҪ쳯߰ʮпͻƵɶޱȿˡ
Ҳ˵ڿԷˣ
վھȥ׼
ż
˷һѣɿ϶ǿһˣȹٲκε⡣Ȼ鶴ڣҲðҽܸʶɣҪЩΪֵħͷô졣
ðɣѾˣѵԼȹ𣿡ʡ
ܴȥҷǸ
˷ۣ˵ˣھҵϴ󣬵ɽ磬ҪҺöģһȥɽ޹ʵģҷˡ
ԭ򻹴⡭
Ҳãɰܺ͵ɶĴڣҵĶֶһ
ɽ磬֪ǸʲôʵԽǿȻ
·ʹȥɽ¡
Ȼ鶴춼ȥҵˣϰɽס
ʱ˵ûʲôֵģʶ߰ˣһģĵҲϡ
֮ͬʱһ£Ȼͬʱ
ô
ҺͷʶˣΪʲô
ٺٵЦȻһ۾Ϳ˻ѽþòˣһ¿ɺã


245 
ģ϶һĳħͷɽ
ǵģһƧļһôô
ǵϷ֦ͬϣ񣡡
һĲŻҪй֮ʼߣ׼ˣŶˡ
Ȼǽ˷Ľͣ⸱ŻļҲ̲סҪһÿ
Ǵ򲻹
Ļոպһ룬ȥĺɽͬʱͷı˻
ͬʱһ
㡭ô
ЩͰ͵ĵȻ֮ǰǶӣͺȻΪеһҲмΡ
֮ǰĽУ޷һˮ׼ˮϵŶ֮ȴҲԲܻеκһǣɽ׺ںУǶڶ̳
޷һεѡ
ڣֻһûʲôͰͬʱ˳ȥ
ǻ浱ǰĶǣڿɣָΣ˫ֲЦ
ɣ
ⱻȥһֱڶĻҲһͬȥޱҵĿ
ôɰɣĸͬĵ
˵
һ§˻ΪεĻĴЦǼϴ󣬵ɽ磬ǣ֤ǵ
໥һۣȻͬʱϴ󣡡
ϴ󣬺Ļֵõġ
ʵɽ磬ɵʵɽ磬ȫͬ
ɽɽ磬Ǻ˻ƽƽأ󲿷ǻᱻ˵ġ
Ͼ֮䣬ΪˣˣҲѲɲ˴
ȻڶǷҵˣҲǵʹɽ磬˭֪ʲôݾͲͬˣ㷽ֲסҲūǣ㣬ǻǷǳصġ
ޱȲĴЦż뿪ҡҡͷˣȥɣԼ׼ء
鶴ڣҲڷҵһЩ˽⣬ڵķң˼ѾҪͻƵɾ֮⣬˵ʵҲϾ˺ʵĹ鶴ڳԣŽ֡
е
̾ϢһӽɵľƷĸƷ۷ҪﵽƷʿʮңʿڵʿڵʿҲڵʵϣڶѾʤ˴󲿷ֵļ壬ܹұͷǾҲԺκһƥС
οɽ磬ʵ²̫аɡ
Ҳûа취ˣܷܲϼ꣬ȵ˶ﵽɻߵɵΪɽɣ
ҡҡͷ֮󣬷ʶ뿪鶴졣
Ȼо
ȫָ鶴֮󣬷ʵҲˮһͻƵ˵۷壡
ԵǣڳԼʶ֮󣬷͸оԼ壬ƺѾЩ޷쳯Ŀռһ㡣
Ŀʹߣͬʱ۾
ϲСѣɵõ۷Ӵλɰ࣬ǰ;˷վԷ˹֣ȻЦ
ʹߣжо֮ɫ
Ź˶áʹĬĬļһ£һʱѣ쳯ʱѾﵽ˰۷壬ǰ۷嵽۷壬ֻһʱ䣬Ҳ̫ˣ
ɵ۷壬мûκνݾߣǲϵĻۣۡ㹻ܹȫƿع򣬾쳯ŨĵطֶǶʿ߼¼Ҳʮܹﵽɶ壡
һģð˾ʮ꣬쵽궼ûܹﵽɶ壬֮Ҳ̫á
ʹƽʱģҲļ¼߼¼ʮ꣬᲻˴ļ¼
Ƿһ£ͰѼ¼ȫƵ޿Ƶľأһ갡
˵ˣСӲóۡ
˷һЦ
Ȼʶͳһʽ˼ά
һʿͬʱ۾
һرõģѾͻ˾ƷΪ˳ɣҲǳ˸ıеһٶʿУҲֻʮλһ㡣
½һģֻĸˡӮ𡢼аˡ
˵ʮˣȺУʰμĴڡ
ڱ˷˼ά֮󣬳еʿǻЩһ̣Ǿ˶˷Ļ
λǲΪģǷѾɾ˵۷Ϊӭ١ۣλҲҪһ£ͬʱĦ˵ٵḶ́ҲǷǳкôġ
λʦԴ󾪡
мģҲոͻƾƷ۷壬˰ɵıԵڣѾﵽ˵۷壡
ĽҲ̫һɣ
СǸǲҪ̫Ծˡ
˷׷һ䡣
ʹߣҿǸҽһйٵעɣ˵ǴûЩյĵ
˵Ŀʵ̫ˣЩ˼ˡ
УҾͽһ£ҲҪϸ
˷ˬĵν٣ʵɽ磬ǵһֿ飬ڽٵĺʱҲ֮ܵϴʹɽܹ֮ӦɽϾȫͬģһʿһҲܲˡ
ٵķʽиָģڻǸɵϾΪ˲ţǰ˲ֱһ
ϣԶķƶģˮϵʿôµľ֮٣ǻϵʿµľˮ֮٣ڵֵԼصƵٵʱܹ㹻ѹҲǶǵһѵ
ٽʱɽͨ򿪣Ȼнʹǽȥ飬Ͳ˵ˣʱȻ֪
˵˷̧ͷյٲҪˡ
˵仰˷ʹߣͬʱչΣವһ¾ͷɵ뷽Զĵط
˷վ֮Ŵιǻ㿪ٿǸģԽ࣬ԽվǶŰ
䳡ָȻϰٵݹ˷ȥֻ˷һ˹վڳ롣
Ǿޣǻʲô٣ĬһᣬŶ˷
ʵޣռ˴ˣȻҪܾű٣ԲϵĸıԼķص㣬ֵøһЩ
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ӦòֹűΪ㻹ǴġȻǶ鶴Ҫɽ磬͵֮ܵϴˢһǵ٣ҲС˷˼ĵ
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һ໰ڷҿǼʮˣԼҪʮ٣
ʲôʱǸͷ
ˣֻŴΣÿδһ´ܶ౶ļһˮϵʿôľͻһ򱶵ϵ˷
һܻ𣿡ʡ
Ȼܻţٴûдˣ
˷ǻشһ䣬ȻܿĵǺټһԼҲһϵʿ޷ʱķѵöһѣรɣ޾֮·һеģ
ðУ
ͷϷľɫƲʣԼԽԽǿĻҪ޳ˡҲ̫˰ɣһΣҾҪŴΣ
ȣ˵ǲŵ̫ˣô졣ʹߵԶ˷
Ųġ˷ڵĵ


246 λɰ
ʹ࣬ǳʹ࣬رʹࡣ
پȻ˿ܻһ㣬εĶס˷ƺıʱš
ֻǵһͰѷ˸飡
˿̵壬ɴ½˵ޱȼ̵ģʱض鶴ڵϴӣǿȣ½֮ǰħҶ֮¡
ǾƷ۷ʿȫһҲ˵ķֺ
οͻƵ˵ɣڲ֪֮У̶̳ȣǿһĵز
ǾȻǵһͽ壬˷飡
ʶʱ򼸺סˡѵԼҪ
ɣʲôֱٰӾͰ˸Ūʸɽ
˼άתʱһǿϢٵ½ס˷ո塣
Ȼ壬Ѹٵ飬ƺǰøӵǿ
֮
ٽ֮
֮ɽҲޱģˣ޷֮ҲֻӭٵʿŻڱٴеͬʱ֮ı
Ϊк֮£Ը⿴κһʸʿԲŻή֮ʿ壬ǵ
һʿһ˵һҲֻһλѡ
ȴӵоŴĻᡣ
֮󣬷ûлʲôϢʱ䣬ڶִȻٷ顢顭
ˮϵľϵϵĳÿһһɵ˲÷飬ÿһȴҲڤڤ֮һ˿֮ϴŷ塣
Ǵ鵽ϵĥ
ǾҪʹ֮࣬鶴֮ڣ鶴ڵķӵҲܹ֮ͬܵĺô
ΪܹʹõģҲǾŹ֮ѣģ鶴ʮ򷽼ӵ֮ܵ
תһ֮󣬽鶴ģǴ֮һʱ֮䣬еķӵܣ˼Ϊϲı仯
鶴ıʣҲ𽥵ĸıš
ոսΪļ㣬ʵۿɼٶһһģʵ˰۷壬ȻϰͻƵ˵Ϊ
Ϳʼæµɽϵһˮӡǣ˿̣򷨾һָ֮ӿˮˮˮʼʵı仯
ˮʹ˵ɽϴɳҲ˶ٰɣ
ĴЦȻ죬죬һȥôޱȾ޴ģϴɳأϴɾ壡СܿҪܿ࣬ôô˵ĺ£
ȥģĸ
һ֮Ƿ׷ֳԭͣʼŸ߲νҲǳɵĲν
ÿҵӵܣҲʼˮԼ壬ȫ޺֮ѸٵĳÿϸǾһ
Ǿǿ
ǿĿǿǿص
ÿˮķӵܣǻȻһ£Ȼǵʵڽݹ֮ûеõȻˮ֮ʵȴʼõ˽޵
ڵģʼѸͻƵڣųǰ
ڵģʼѸͻƵڣҿʼңǰ
ڵģʼѸٵͻƵңڣʼŰǰ
˵СнֺЩԭѾﵽңڵʿѸٵͻңڣʼŰɺ͵ɵʵ
ڼԭѾʼŵͻƵʿݹ˳ˮ֮󣬸ȫĴﵽ˵ɶ壬ʼ˵ķǰ
ÿˣƽʮΪʿ̥Ǻô֮
ҵʵʱڣ˷Ծһ
Ǵżĺô
ҲΪĽż٣Ҳʹ࣡
ϴӷ壬ʵľŵٹ󣬾Ѿˣ飬Ϊ˷鶴ڵķӵǻϴĻᡣ
ôǵˣܿࡣ
÷һĸо
ðɣԼһΰˡ
֪˶೤ʱ䡪Χ۵ʹǺʿֻдԼһʱӣȻµķȴӴŵ٣һʱ䣡
һ⼸ʮһڶ٣һʱ䣬ҲͲˡ
һʧʱ򣬷һ
Լͦˡ
Ȼ岻ٵĹ飬Ȼ֮ı飬ҲûΣգÿʹ࣬ȴһֶ١
ҵӵȻǵõĺôȻڵʵرĸߣյ֮ķȴκһɽĵʿõ١
Ǵ˼ΪʵĻҲǵδĿԣ
Ҳмκһˣɽʲô仯ʮˣȴɽ綼γɾ޴ĸı䣡
֮ǰЩżģ޷ǻĳأܹǧˣȻļջ϶ΪɽصȴԭʹڵЩû̫Ӱ졣
Σȴبδ֮£
ʮ˳ɳ֮󣬻ɽʲôӰ죿
ڻ˭Ҳ֪
Ǽȷǣ޶ȵ£ҡɽĸ֣
Ȼڷȫһġ
ʹߣҲ֪ٵ塣
Ȼûгֹ޷ǾٿһЩ½֮һЩӦáûʲôİɡ
ڷعʱѾԼ壬˱֮ǰκһνҪҵöı仯
˵ڳΪ۷ʱ򣬷ܵԼܹıɴ½Ĺôڣܹһɴ½
ȻҪһɴ½ҪԴþˣӵԴ
ʵϣѾӵ
һʧȥԼʵҵĿѧһһԴ֪ʶֻȱ߶ѡ
˭Ҳܷϣӵ
ӵкʹ֮䣬ž޴ĺ蹵ġ
ʹͬʱŷףһƽ
ǰʹȻܿԷɴ½ϵʿûйƽ
ڣȴԷƽ
ԭܼ򵥣ȹٵķѾ֮壬ǣƽƽģûʲôߵ֮֡
ϲѣλɰ࣬ѷ֮
ʹ
Ҳһƽ
λɰࡣ
ĸֿɲ˵˵ġ
ڷɴ½ϣ˵ɣûնȹ٣ɾ壬ôչҲֻһޡ
ʿ˳ڵƷʱʵϣͲʲô仯ˡ
ͨƽ񼰺ʿҡ
ͻƵ죬ҡ
ͻƵڣý𵤣ɴǧꡣ
ͻƵڣԪɴǧꡣ
˳ҲƷΪʱɴꡣ
Ҳʿļޡ
֮ǰ˾ȻȻ˰ɣʵޱǿǵֻ֮䣬ĳЩŻתޣԼͻָʮĻᣬҲʧȥΪɵǿ
ԵƷ֮ʿľ취ƷͻƾƷûл쳯ģҪôתޣҪôڻԵɺ֮٣ɽ硣
ֻڶȹܹ֮޾
ɽʵˣҲܹĶȹޱ¡ֻҪֻɱС
ڣѾﵽĿ꣡
ҵˣʿ֮Ϊ˲Ĵڡ
Χ۵ļҲ׷ϲϾҲһֱҪ׷Ŀꡣ
ڿԺԼˣһͬɽˡ
˷Ц


247 ͨ쾮̨
һľ͸ڣƣȴͬ裬Ӳɱʯ
ɫ̼ӭźչУԶһͷɫĵչᣬܵ
֮£ʮҪô׷ͯգҪô۹ƣ̸Цک裬Գ׹գ˵һй⾰
£ȻǶȺ˵ӸޱȰ꣬ͨ쾮ֻǴӸطʿһʾͺãʱ򣬵Ҳ޾
ƾΣҲӰ첻Ⱥ˵С
ͨ쾮Ϲðʱеͬʱסһ
η֮ˣĵ졣
һ⣬뷢԰ףһȵ߻֣ЦҪȰ
ĵڷ˲ĵ϶߯ıҪˣȴڣ
Թ䱧Թ˴ʮ˵Ҳûеڴ˴ְޱɵĻǻʲô飬ԼҲöӡ
ʮк˶ӣվͨ쾮ȴɵʿĵ
쳯ϿգܲȻ󷭹һͨʱ򣬷֪ԼɽʱѾˡ
ɽ磬Ǻܺġ
һֱ˵ûĵطȻ˸е档
ͲҪļ鶴ڱˡ
˷Է֮ͨ·ˣȻкôǴȥʡʡˣǶǣҲûʲôô
˵ͷ½鶴ڵķҳԱȫ˳
Ȼ쳯ռǺܴ󣬲ʮˣҲǴ´ࡣ
ԼĸףѧԺѧϰѧԱλԺȻɽ磬лӣĵġ
˸˿ܡ
ɵʱҲҪ鶴ȫˡڷɴ½֮ϰɡԷ
˵ͷ
鶴ѾȫգȻ֪˺鶴źܴϵһЩ顣
׼ȷ˵鶴첢ᱻκӵС
ֻо޵ʿܹõ鶴ĴУҲڸִԵ£鶴쳹׵ĳ졣
֮鶴죬Լı壬ȫΪʿһ֡
ʿʱ򣬻ع鱾Դ鶴죬ֽڷɴ½ĳ䣬ȴһôе˶
һ´еģȫɾڣҲ´СԷ
ĬĬĵ˵ͷȻ͸Լʶ鶴˽ƣԼͶӰ
ֻо޵ʿܹƽƣôС
ɿ֣ԭʼ鶴죬ӷʧˣȥʲôطԼҲ֪
ֻдԵľ޵ʿܹĴС
鶴죬ȫĴڡ
һֱһ֮󣬷ŴźƺƵʮˣ˷ɵͨ
֮ͨ·
߹֮ͨ·Ǿһˡ
ʹ߸̾ʹͬʱидĵͷ
֮ͨ·ڵõ㣬һֱڣ
ŬҲͨ٣߹֮ͨ·Ϊ˵ʱ򡣡
˷ʿǽʱ򣬷Ѿ֮ͨ·
ǰģһĻһĻľɫ
һ˳ɳĵ·ǰ
ָʯ𲽵Ľ˵ڣ˵壬øӵʵӵǿ
޷ݵǿ
ͬ٣ͬԣ绽꣬ɽ
ͷϣ
ͷơ
ͷųģԻһ
ͷƵ˵ս
УðǺƺƵģͬһӵķײž޴
ţУ𽥵ĳ飬磬˱Сǧ硣
Сǧʼ飬ȫ飬ǵϲŭ֣ǵΪ˳ɳ֡
ţȻһǰ⡣
һ·ɫķ˹
ȻͿʮ۴䣬ɷǵˡ
λѣλɰ࣬ϲɺء
Ϊ׵һ׷Цݿĳŷһ
ѳէС϶ΪѽһɽĹء
ϴ
Цʵǿٶ죬ǵһ֮ͨͨ·ģ˹ƻҪһʱ䣬ɴͺúõһɽĹأϾէָ㣬ܹһ¡
ܱȵɽ֮ʲô˶ȻԼռɽΪɽĴΪѾʲôֱӸˣԩ
ԼϾһƽߣӪġ
ǫһȺҲһķˣкôģϾܹúõĽ
Ҫ֪ǷˣҲиָԸģѵùͨ
ܾúܾǰǸӣֳ˶ҿҿ
ѷһʯ£ΪһƣȻ֪ǴӺδ
ɴ½
ڷʿʮﵹа˳Ǵӷɴ½ģΪ֮ء
˸̾һڷЩͬѰˡԭɽǷɴ½ʿĵص֮⣬бĵطԷ
˼˵ȥѼȻǷɴ½ģǾͺðˣɴ½Ϊɽ֮˷оϵ֮֡ɽȻʺԼɼ룬֮ǰѿȥ̨һ⣬Լʲôʵʲôɡ
Ŷ𣿡ʵ
ǵģɽҲµšеšϵšصšϴ̡ڣйءŷʿֻƷܹͶµţ֮ţŷӵɼʵܹͶеţȵʵǿˣȻܹ߼ɣʱʲôģҲá˽
Ͷ߼ɣ
һ㶣֮ȻΪЧʵǿ˻Ŷĵ
ȻԸ뿪ҲǿԵģҲܹɽΪģһд˵˲ţҲѵóһ΢Ц
˵ͷŶѡɣ뿪Ƚϲɣ߼ɣҲԭȵɣԼɱøǿ
ϾˡھͿȥ̨ϿԼʲôʵһ˵ǰ̷ĻƷΪеƷΪȻͬͶµţȴһ
βһ
ƷµţΪͨӡƷµţɱϼѡΪ洫ӡƷµ֮󣬿ѡΪϵӣǴʲôͨ洫Ҫ̫ࡣ
Աһ˲ƷʵܽеŵͨӣֱµŵεϵӣҪõö࣡
ǰµе֮ĺ蹵ôĴ󡣡˸̾µֻռһɽͷΪפأеܹռһ֮أǿǱɽͷ򱶵ĵûñȣôȣ
ĬȻ
蹵Ȼ֮󡭡ڷɴ½ϣڶڣµȼȻеȼҪܶ࣬Ҳ򱶵Ĳ𣬿ɽ绹ǲһ㡭
̨һˣ˵൱Ҫɽʵ;ĳɾͣ
˵ԵѿҪСһЩĪҪС˴¡
ͷ˱̸˵ѾһɢϣڣɢŰһƽ̨֮ԡ
ǲ̨ˡֻһͶӰĲ̨ڴ˴ͶӰҲ̽ڵʵˡ
˵ͷʵҪô
ȥˡЦ


248 Ʒ
֪λɽѣܹӵжôǿʵ
Ҳ̫ǿɣŵģ޷ҲܹﵽƷܹеŵͨӣ㣬ҲҪߵöˣһ˵ƷѾǷǳ˲ˡ
ǰһɽ磬ܳΪµŵ洫ӣѾ󲿷ֵķʿˡ
ֱŵģ˵ɶûдﵽ
ȻôֻλѼȻǴӷɴ½ֵطģӵƷʵҲ̫ϡ顣
Ϳ̨ܹ֮ٵİ׹ˡ
̨㡣
ʿվ룬̨Ȼܹ̽ʿʵ
Ϊ̨ɢǰ׹⡣
һ׹⣬ǾƷ
ڶ׹⣬ǾƷ
̨׹⣬ǾƷ
ɵʵôģͽ̹⡣
ζʿӵɵʵ
̣֮ˣ֪˿ʼվڲ̨ʱ򣬾ͻһЩԤס
һҪˡ
ڶҲҪˡ
ûӦ
ƷˣҲ˲ѾԽ߳ɵĲŷʿ
ǰʿУƷɵʵûУֻɣܹﵽƷʵ
۷׷׵ʱ̨ڿʼҫ˹â
Ȼâȴǰɫǡ
찡Ȼɫ
һͬʱɫâ
ƷǿʿһӵƷʵǼ𣿡
ѾˣһӵƷΪģƷĴûм
ǾδһƷЩͨ쾮ʿ˵൱顣
Ҫ֪Ͼͨ쾮ֻҪӴЩ·ʿȻһЩˣȻ÷ʵ̫ǿˡ
ǽӴ˵ģһģûҪЩʵɫˣԻϸֹģʵһ㣬Ƣܺãĵˡ
˷ǸƢػʿҲʲôͻͻˣǿ϶ǶԷĲԣȻִЩѱһһɱ
ȽͨȭͷҲ١
ŵģǿڲŲƢܺãĵˣˣʵһ㣬ʵɫˣҲиҪĸλȥ
Щڷʱһ㶼ֻƷΪвɶûдﵽ
ʷϣܹɽʱΪģҲ֮١
Ҫ֪֮Ʒž޴ĺ蹵
˵ʿƷ֮Ĳ࣬ʮĻô֮ƷĲ࣬ࡣ
ڷɴ½ϣԽսܳȻɽ磬Խսȴܡ
ƷƷ֮Ĳ࣬ɺ;Ʒʿ֮ĲһǺ蹵
ڣʵƷ
Щ˲Ī
ڷӲ̨֮һȺӴӿȥмĺܶ඼ûдﵽɣﵽƷĶ٣ȻҪͷúõһ¹ϵ
ǰ;ˣ˵ܵһеŵţȨɱЩͨ쾮Ҫöˡ
ϲѣϲѣѾȻƷΪȫԽһɵ洫ӣǰ;
ǰǺϵʿҵԵѡһǰ;ɣҵʶĻҲѡһǰ;ĳϵʦ
ˡ
еţҲǿ֣֮ڲҲʵǷǿĳ֣֮ѡ񣬿Ҫúˣϵѽǰ;أ
ȻʧЦ
һĻźϤ
ǰμӸ߿֮󣬳ɼõģȻѡõѧУõרҵǰ;Ҳá
ɽ磬Ҳɣǿѧ
ǰΪƷʿܹ쳯а࣬Ȼ󿼸õĳɼУһõרҵ
ûܹһ㣬ֻȥıרƣǼѧУ
޴ڰ
̾һ֮󣬷ЩЦЦȻλɳСӻиʡ
ŶʲôʣС϶Ȼ֪޲ԣ޲˵
ţʵηģֻһ
ǲ˼Цηģҵ塣

λӴֱúõһ£͸˷ֲһˣȻǺǻǿɻ˵׼
ǧһ֮еĹϵȻܹγһ㹻
Ȼ̫٣ԸɢĻô϶͸µŵĴ̫ЦˣȻɽȻÿɣµȵţҲǾڵķչģӵŷģ÷ɴ½ϵʿԴ
ÿһ͡ɽֲ߲ԴҲһ޴֡
ɽȻԴḻҲķ䣬䣬ȻΪʲôֳţ֮ϵصšϴ̺ڣ
ʵǿģ䵽Դ࣬ʵģ䵽Դ͸٣ȡ
Ȼľһµš
£Щֻѡ
ֲ𣬸Ͷŵ£ȵЩʿʵǿˣԸϵһУܹ룬ϵһΪµš
ٵµţֵġ
ڸɽ㹻Ĺ֮ٳµţȻܹõͨ
һѡǾǼһ𣬲ȴܹΪţֻܳΪɽĳ塣
Ҫö塣
Ȼչһֱʵ㹻ˣ㹻ˣܹΪµš
ǰһ··Ҫö࣬Ҳöࡣ
ΪףҪںлõġ

˵ʧȥȻ˽ܵģ
ǷֲԵɣùףȻ׵öࡣ
ϾܵɵıӻܹѧǿķĻԴУùȻ͸졣
ǳΪ壬ڣǵòʲô֧ԮģȥùףȻѵö࣬׾
Ⱥ˵Ǻģ½ϸĽ͸˷ȻȰҪ󣬻ǽɢ˱ȽϺá
лλ㣬һҪͼ˺úõһ£ֽȥδӡл
ѲöڵΪ֮ȻܹõʦŵٳɳȻں罻սĹл㹻Ĺף齨ԼɣȻҪݵöࡣЦ
֪һ뿪ɣɻȫ𣿡ĵ
ȻϾԼҵӵܣǽ߼ɣԼ齨ɣкôģôһϵڣȻںս໥ȶΪսҪõöˣ˸΢Ц
ĬĬͷҲеѣȻȶҪãο˵ĻɽҲôݣҪĽ໥սԴ£ܹ֮õȻȶΪսҪһЩ
гɫĵӽǿеĻôг֮ҲȻԼɶչˣǶ˫顣
ĳɫӣȥʵǿţǵھԼɶһǿԮ飬ȻԼĵӲ뿪Ҫõöࡣ
ϾµģҲĳΣٸ߲ΣҪǿˡ
һɽ磬ҸеͲ֪ɽս磬Щʲô硭ѵǴ˵е飿Ⱥˣʲôħ֣
˼ţһ䡣
ѣ֪ļ壬һжˣ


249 ѡ
ӴǣĿ͵Ŀһһͨ쾮ðˣеӵԱ
һһһ
һȺһȺһȺ
ǣʲôŵ򣿶ˮţͷϻͷͷͷ֣찡ô֣
ɡ⵽Ǹʲô壡
ʮǧ߰ʮˣ
ټ֡
ηȫ
ʮӴˣȫʧȥ˵
ⱾӦһޱޱеĹģ
û壬ȺȾƣ죬˷⼸䣬ϲ̨һԼʵȻͿˣʮҲһʿӣǱɻҪɡ
Ҫ֪ͨ쾮кܶڣӲͬĵطͻ߹֮ͬͨ·ͻӲͬͨ쾮ðͲ̫׵飬ôһɢҾ͸ˡ
żгɼģһҲͼټǧæµһҲˣأ
ʮ˰
Ŷϲ̨ҲҪ鵽ʲôʱȥ
ڶȻȰϱȥһʱ̨֮ͶӰһܹѸٵ̨ͨļ⡣
Ҫ̨֪ɲֻǼʿʵһҪǸ˷ַƣͳڲᡣ
ƣǼʿݣܹʾʿʵͬʱſʵȥصĵͼÿ˵ǷǳҪġ
һҪʮƣͳƵɽ粿һӾʹ±æô죡
õǣȻһæң鷳㶨ˡ
Ȼ̨ͨĽȺһ
㣬Ʒ
˵УƷ
нƷ
ֺƷ
Ʒ

ҵĳԱƷƷΪԪ׺ԪᣬҲƷΪܹǫ̀ƹģˣ
򣬸ǻ˺ͷһƷҲƷ
ǶҪιȥˡ
ƽʱģܳһƷͺ˲ˣΣƷƷҲɼ
һļ޷ǶмɼģûܹﵽɼֻܹµŵۣµĻ빱ףʸΪͨӡ
ڵãʮˣɣ߸ɣȻʮûдﵽɼȴҲԵú츳ӡ
һУǵڶ˷̫ϻԪԼ鶴ֻ֮һεĳԣ
Ҫлģ١
ʹУȻֻһʱȻڷ˵ȴȥһʱ䡣
һ鶴ķӵǣڱ֮ϴ֮鶴ĵطһ̫꣬ϻԪɽʽݡ
ܹģͻƵ˰ɵ츳õĳԱ
ûлƽģҲͶﵽ˳ڵΪ󲿷ֳΪңڵĸ֣ɽֻҪһʱúܹΪˡ
ǳ˼飬Ȼ֮ϴ鶴󣬼̫ϻԪɽؼ漣
ʵҲ㲻˼飬ϾҪ֪ǣ쳯ܴﵽɶ壬õĻĻ»ø졣
ҲǷȺΪ׵ģԼѧԺķӪȺ֮⣬ʣرãֻ˴ﵽɼʺõ㣬˵һɫˡ
ǾҲԾڳʸˡ
ȻɣҲʲôر˲սȻǵֻǲŽɽˮ׼ܹӵһµŵԴĻһ壬ӵʲôı֣
ʲôĽ
οڳЩҲʵһ㣬ӴһҲһ㡣
ȫܹóͱȽϴ֮⣬еˣǳᣬЩɣͶЩù˷ݡ
ķʿµľƷ۷壬ʸ쳯Ȼ쳯ʮ֮ʸˣܳΪˣǺ˲ĳɾ͡
ȻڷЩأᣬǳᡣ
ȻʿղϣȻȴƭˣֻжʮ꣬ȷҪСһ꣬ˣдСĲ꣬СҲֻмʮꡭ
һϣжǱ
ȫɳ֮мٵĽɡɣ˺ʹܣ
˿̣ڷУȴᶨҪͷ
ûԼɣҲɣɣǿԺͶµšеţͳʽ㹻Դ֧֣ٵ
ȻʮûдﵽΪģҪô죿
ֲȥÿµŵۣ׷ߵɵ
ʲôЦ
Щ׷ԼϣܹõԼģԼܹΪڵЩͷ
ǵģԼʥˣҲûչһӣȻܼ£Լ飬һҪȥ
Ȼ˾Ͷǰ;ãԼҲǿ
ȻԼ齨ɣѣȻԼһ·ɹγһֱѣ
ҲԼ·
֮ǧգӡ
λڴҶѾ֪ԼʵôҲҽһٵľơ
˵ôһ֮еķӵ֮ܶǰ̧ͣͷŷڿеķ
лλˣѾϸڶˡҪǵǣڣѡ񡣡
һѣܹһһͬŬ
һ࣬Ҫֿ
ѡʲôҶϣܹõȨףһôܶԼǰ;кôҲϣΪҵԣǵжϳƫ
ʮ򷽼ӵ̧ͷŷĽ⡣
˵úϸ˵ٵľƣǣΪģԼѡɼ룬ĺôʲô
ˣʧȥɵıӻǻһͬŬȡ÷ҲΪһɽϵɣ֮ǰǳΪϵļһ
ٵľ棬ǳѣѵ˶󲻵ĵز
ⲻʱ齨ҵʱȻʱ򷽼ҵʵȻм빫æзȺ֣Ϊʽ壬ֱѴ֮
ڣûпɽûԴûһУֻܿԼҡ
ٺܶΣգٺܶǡһ
һжϸķ֮󣬷µǰʮ򷽼ӵܡ
Ըһҵģվ
ԸͶŬģԭء
ⲢǿҲܡеʿڷ֮󣬶ѡ·ΪͳǷɽй
ѡ񣬲ҪеҲˣѡ񣬽˶ѡ
˵λͱͣվ
ЦЦͬ档
ȻĬվ˹ǣס˷֡
ӺܾǰʼҾϣܹһͬŬһֱ׷㣬˴½ŬʱҰﲻ㣬ͺҶʱҰﲻ㣬ڣұվһߡ
΢ЦΪһ𣬾Ը
ҲЦȻս˼֡
㲢ûж˵ʲôΪ֪Ըǿˡ
ʵϣҲûκαҪǿ
ûѡܹһܶôãԸ뿪Ҳǳˡ
ֻǸ˵һѡѡ


250 ѡĽ
ͷһͬҪһͬŬ÷ҳΪɽϵɡ
ѡ뿪ôȴʵʵڵġѾ˽⵽ˣɽǶôõһ¡
µɣźͳǣ϶ɶʵµɵһӣÿܹµʯٺ»ͬʱܹѧϰڵؼǺ̫ϻԪѷɫؼ
ͬʱɵıӻ£ҪԼܵʿĽȫԼʵﵽһĵز֮ȥʿù׶ȡ
أûɵıӻûÿµٺ»ûиõؼһǳĵ·
нʼȻ˹
ҿһͬء
нµôУҲüҡ
ףӣȻôЦ
ʵҲˣҪأսһ㣬ϲʲôģȥɶҲᱻ˿𣬵Ȼˡн
ͬʱͷҲĬվ˹ҴȫԱҲվ˹
ͷǲܷҴ˵ģǺͷĹϵͬѪοȻҴΪ鶴ʵձҪһЩǧǷҴģҴҲ˵ĹģܹܲԼˣȥμʲôɡ
һֱڱǣʱ򣬵ȻļǿܡЦ
㻹Һöණأ֮ǰҿɲߡ
ü۵Ĺ˹ʱڽúܿ죬ҲƷɵΪѡ÷ЩԾ
Ҹʲôǲ֪ʲôее𣿡Ȼĵ
Ҵ˷һЦСʲôʱ֪еˣ
ֺ̤ͬ˹
Ҳʲôʥˣֻȹկµҵͽˡ
ʮ෽ҵӵܣʮһǿ϶߹ģʵģֻΪŷҴկ˻϶ˣģ޷ԭӪˣҵˣҵˡ
ô˶ֵܵȻҲҪ׵Ц
ӪԭӦǷĺܣȻҲǸɵĺôġ
˼붷ȻǺ顣
˵дһʼһֱš
м֪ģȻҲһֱᶨվڷһߣȻһ׷ѧռʿӸӴ˵ĿУѾ֪ˣɽ磬һרѧģɽ˵һӴķ֧ǰʿڽֻ֮ҪԼ㹻Ŭܹһ·ȥΪؼǿѧʦ
ǿ˵һֱ룬Ҳԭ
˵УҾӦüɡ
ȴȥ
֪һֱһ׷ռʿ츳ʵĽ֮ܿ졭Ʒܹһµŵմӣõ˵ǳҪ
˵̧ͷŷȻͻȻЦ
ʵ㻹Сҡ
Ϊʲôһ㶡
׷ռȷʵҵĿ֮꣬ǰ׷ҵıģȻҪһֱ㣬ôҾͲᱳҵŵԣΪǰ;ҵŵԣôһʲôʸȥ׷ռ
˵кĴЦҸߣҾͲţƾԼͲ׷ռ
˵úãнʼ壬˵ЦԸ뿪ҲǲԸ뿪ЩϦԵֵǰ
뿪ˣ㱳ŵ԰
΢Цʱ뿪ҲŲܼҡгܹ֮ҵߵġ
˵һ㶡
˿˵еļЦҲ֪óǧ򻯣򷨹һĴ򷨣ݲҵص㣬棬ҿûʲôĵط㣬ⷽ츳ģǿߣֻǵ㡣
ģʱ뿪ʲôһ죬ǻһģ֮ǰúõԼʵɣɽ㣬ҪǹͬŬ㲻һҲǿһͬŬġ
ץס˿˵еļϵĵ˵ģҲмǿԮҪѧн٣ΪɽҪĻǣŸõİء
ŷ۾˵̾һ
Ȼ֪˵ĻΪʲôԮľãͶɣҪԿ˵икô
ȷʵһֱѧԺĵط˵жûĵõܺõĴڡ
ΪѧԺó
ȻϵȫܣɸƫڷԿǲ
ⷽ棬˵ûеõܺõĴڡ
ɽ磬û⡣
ܹõõĴڣȻø죬ûκλõ
˿ԺͷһŬϾкܶණԽǣԼˣкܶྭԴȥĳɳ벻һ
Կ˵Уȴûа취ߡ
Էϣ˵ܹѧΪɣʵ
ˡ
˵е˵ͷȻͷӷ߿
˵г˵һѡɵˣ˴ͷľҲ˲ٵѡɡ
ϾǸ˵ѡ
ȴѡ˺ͷҴվһ
ԭܼ򵥣޼ҴȻҲмǧɣͬҲдûʸɵĴһ֮Ȼǧ˿ƵĹϵͬ޷ᡣ
ûѡģֻҵˡ
ΪԭһС壬Լ츳ԭεУɣнԱҵġ
ǱǱ̲ģȻҲвûܹﵽΪǺЩҲδʲôݹϵѡɵĿԣ
Ԫ׺Ԫһۡ
Ȼϵģͬʱŷ˹
ҵǾȥûкôǡǰңѹƣһֱ뷽֮Ȼмܶ˲ϲңȴûѹƹҡҲ빴Ķˣ̫֮ۡҲٲ˹ĶǰɣһȽϺá˵ˣǰҰľǵҵļΪڵʿڻǵҰ̫ЦˡѾô࣬Ҳںܻܲʲô
Ԫһ˵һΣЦЦվ˷
ӣʼһЩĿ࿴ˡ
Һҵĳͻһģǳϵĳ죬ȻΪ˴󹦣ȴû̫˿
Ͼ淭ףͬ˲ݵģȻû˴ѹȴһֱôŵùҲڼѵʱܵ׼
£Ԫȴѡ
Ȼʲôˣ˼ǻ仯ģҲԪǸСˣľ֮ͳΪ˷ҿεˡ
Ԫʼ򣺡ûʲôҾϡ
ǰҵӵܣͬʱΪͬһ
ΪǾڷңҪĶǣϡ
ֹϼжȹģּ֪жôۣôĵˡ
Ըǰ;ҲҪͷһŬ
٣ܹһ¶⡣
٣õһ¶ʱߵ˻ͱԼһ
ʱһ㣬ܹ򶯺ܶ˵ġ
Ԫ׺ԪһЦȻơ
û뵽ҰĵСӾȻΪһ
нļЦ
Ҳû뵽һûеӣΪԪԪͬĵ
Ϊǻ˽ҡнüŪ۵ĵҿ屡ĺú


251 
ѡ뿪ģǧɼʿ
д󲿷֣ҡ
ȻǴ¼УԭʿˣȻϾһ壬ԸⱻĻкܶࡣ
ܷһͬʵձ˺ܶϵӵܵģȻЩԭǵϵӵܵģȴɻ
£ѡ뿪ģˡ
ģп˵УǰӪļͿ˵в࣬׷ʿм׷仯ʿɽɣкܶҲרоġ
һ˾ЩģǺβ
Ϊǰʦ֮һβͬҲһ׷޵ʿ
ڶ˾Щ鱦ȻʿҪƱ°һ£ҩʦʦûʲô̫ǰ;Ȼɽ磬ȴһ
ҩڣڣרоҩɣʵһ㶼٣ɽ磬˵λȻʺЩϲϲרĸоˡ
ĵطȻϺβθڡ
ͼҲ֪βӣλʦ֮һֱҵҵ˵ıƣĹ棬ʧȥһʦȻܿϧȻҲ˵ǰ;ǡ
Ҹ߲ҪУߵľǿ˵кͺβˣˣҲѺ÷֡
ҲΪɣǱͺѽĳɣ౻ȥʲôɽ֮ĴڣкȺһڡ
ǵ÷ҵӵǸе˸ˣϾ⼸Ȼƽʱ˺Ⱦƴ֮ʲô¶ɣʵȴǶݷǣʵɼǷǳǿĴˡ
໥֮Ҫ뿪ȻǵָȥѡԼҪɣѡҲ˫ѡ񣬲˵ҪȥʲôɣһܹȥģҪ˼ҿ㡣
Ͼ֮䣬Ҳʵߵ֣֮ͬµɡ
ʣµɣԼʮûеΪķӵܣڵȴŰš
ǵģš
չԸⱣļ壬ĳطһ棬ĵط̫ãҲ᲻١
壬ʵԶԶĳһļ壬ǰŵʲôطҲ
ֻܰڵϱȻôš
ڵȴʱҲûţɽɽ磬ٶҲǺܿġ
ֻǽ˵ĵطҲˡ
˵̶ʱûʲô̫ĽڲûдﵽΪ˵ĻҪõöˡ
ڽ֮˰µʱ֮˶Ѿ׷ȥб֮󣬶Էǵİţڳˡ
Ĵ½һƬԲǧĿյأλѣȥǴפ
˶Է
֪˴Ǻεص㣿ֵ
˿ЦǸոտһƬеһոտ򣬴ҵģҲһЩö治ףء
ĬĬĵ˵ͷ飬ԼҪȥǸط治ʲôõط
ǣ׼ɣҪѰһЩȹһὫǵĴɽ磡
ŷ𣬷µĵǣͬʱźγһ޴ˣֱ
л˰˸̾
ڽ֪֮˶ˣ˸ʽʿŵˣǵһμ
ôļ壬Ҳǵһμ
ô޴ջʮֻһѡ뿪м仹вΪԭѧ֮󣬱ضΪҵǿԮ
壬Ҳܹɱɽϵɰɣ
ϣһ㣬Ҽ̫ļ壬ڻûеõ㹻Ŀռ£ûгɳزˡһ̾Ϣ
ǰϣܹһ㡣˻ͷ̾Ϣ
ʱ򣬷ҵӵǣѾڷ˵̤֮ǰĴ½Ĵ
֮󣬴ŻῪֻͨһΣǸ˵һŻݡ
֮ǰ˵뿪ǰǵɵʱҲͨĴ
ҵӵܣĶ飬˴һһʧڴ֮С
ŷˮĺҲ׳ʿһȥⲻĲ
ǳһ׹ӵĸ裬ĸ֮䣬ΪڵĻָӵ˼ֱ
ʮǧ·ƺ£ĪУͷձС
λȻһЦԼϵĴֲ£תͷ߽˴
ǽ봫һˡ
һοɫʱѾһƬİĿռ䡣
һƬȫµĿռ䡣
ɫ£ޱȲԭҰһ˿˿֮ڿƯ
ǵģ֮
֮Ӧ͵ģʱصǵǲҪԼƽ⡣
ȻոտȴŴϢ
һ֮һ
Ҫܳʱ֮ϵܹȶű˾ס
Ǽģᵽ·ƣĴݡ
ǺΣյ飬ȻȴҲǶµļһ顣
ҪĽɽ磬ɽĸôȻҪɽס
ûа׳ԵͣɽҲûС
Сһ㣬İĵطҪע⡣
˻֣ҵӵһƣûдﵽɼӵΧм䣬Χ𱣻ʵСӵܡ
һ壬ȻҪһӡ
ͬЭͬΪңܳΪһȺ
ͼͷںѹֱڻ߸ڷǿĳԱȻҪΡ
ӵΪĵӣܻͬţδ֪֮ؽ
óԼƣƣɽǷǳõģܹ֤ԼݣʱչֳԼʵԼԼĵط
Ͼɽ磬һޱȹĵط
ڷѾ֪ˣɽ磬һƬ½֮ĵطһռ䡣
޾Ŀռ䡣
ռϵ򣬹ͬɽ硣
Эػɽ磬ӻɽ顣
ͨ쾮Ǵֻɽһڣһӷڣڣķ䡣
ɴ½ֻһѡȻҪһ飬Ͼÿˣа˳Էɴ½˵ɴ½ɽĻҲ˿Ϊ
ЩгԴΪԴ
Щ޾Ŀռеģÿһ綼ᣬ£ҲЩͼźµļ¹͵ʱ򣬱ϾܹͶԷ
ȻҲΣյʱ
һ¿ֵʱĿδ֪ģԽ࣬ͻתΪ֮ʿԽ࣬ͻתõĿ
Դ͵̵ᡣ
ҲƷ֣֮ƷµȥᣬƷеȥᣬƷϵȥᣬҲǹ
ܲÿγһ򣬸綼ϴԳ֣췭ظ
ϴҪǳ֣ǾͲһսˡ
˻ĴܣԴΪ˺úõĻȥû໥ԽӸ
һ㣬Ҫ
ϵ֮ϵľšϴ̺ڣǲΪ³ᣬиҪ
³Ȼµȥˡ
ģһ
Ҳ˵ǺܿͻЩĶ֡


252 ǰ;
Ƶķӵܣڻǰš
̽鵽Լλã׼ȷĽ͵Ĵ½פĵطһξ롣
ƬյأڷҵĵطԲǧ
ܹ
ֻĿյأɽ粢ûнĵطҲ˵ʲôĴڣ˭Ҳ֪
سһµǺ鷳飬µģһ˵Ƿ½ļ壬ʵҪ׶ʵµɣȻҲɳôᣬÿиҪҪ죬ôͨͶ̫ľ
£ʵϿģǸƿ
һŵ㣬չԼʵ󷨸ʺ˾סĵط
һеĵطռ֮ĸĵ̸ôĿȻͻתΪǸӦģֻȻ˳
ǵĶ֣һͬЩޡ
µ᷽粢ͻķ
ϾЩģǸЩСʵ޷Щȣȴġ
ܲЩڲϵĳͻ˶Ը⿴ġ
Ͼÿʱỵ̈޾У򼶵ƷÿζѪɺӣǹÿµˡ
µУĹ򣬲໥ԿĹ
ڱЩ޻ɱǾԹñˡ
űǣʵѾò˵
гǱҵ֮ٱңϾҲ֤֮ɽѾռ˾Եƣ磬Ѿʼ׼˳ˡ
ȻΣҲУǾĹǣԷǵвΪ޴ġ
һƬأɽ粢ûաʮµţȻѾ˴󲿷ֵĵ棬ȻЩߵɵ뿪кܶûбɽյĵطҪȥһƬأһطʲô˭Ҳ֪ԴҪעУ׼Ӧʱĵˡ
һߺͼǰߣһˡ
ȣʲô˰
нЩʡ
Ҳ֪µ򣬻ŸָĹޣǲǼޣȫͬش
ȻĶڣ鷳н̾
ǰֻЩ˵ǲûֵĻ˵ҲԼȻϾûǵģҲ
Ļո˵꣬һûκȴͬʱ˶еͻأ
һʱ֮䣬ʮûɵʿͬʱ¶ʹ֮ɫ
ֱ
һ֮ʮ򷽼ҵӵˣ
Ҫ֪ʮ򷽼ҵӵܣȻڱĶȻŵ붼ǳڵĴ֣ȴһ֮ͬʱˣ
ףе˾ֻС츳ֻܰǿ˺ܶ࣡
ҷ˹ͬʱһ֣ڳеɶųԼƣλм䣬һϣһĺС
ɱˣӰ٣ؼǣԷĶ֪
¶֮ɫһҪ˵ɱǺܴڳɶûܵӰ죬ȻʮĵȴͬʱˣöԷٺĻʮӵܶҪͬʱ
ǻסˣȥһҳ
ʱʮͬ˷
žһɣγɵıϣʼѷ죬Ǵ˿ϣҲʹ֮ɫ
ʮͬʱʱ򣬾ɱɵ
֪²˳٣ȥصǣҲˡ
÷廹мڵģǰں󣬺ɽ࣬Ϊʡ˲ٵӡ
£ҲûоȥԷѰҳҲֻзʱ䡣
ٲɣ˲䣬ӴʶʼչȥѰŶԷټ
ͬʱҲЩƣǰʱԼʶûиס飬ҽΧʮ֮ڣΪһ㷢ֶûУ
Ǵ˷ģѵԷѾγ˰Χ
޾ʶʼϵչ
ںͺҶʱ򣬷ʶסɴ½ڣӵƷʵһ˲ͽԼ˼άͷŵޱңԶĵط
ûз֡
ڷӴʶ޿ײ̽£ȴûз֣ϵڲϵһһµײŷӵǲµıϡ
ȫǵԪµıϣܼĹ֮£ֶܹ֧ã˭Ҳ֪
ȭͷȻֲ˶ԷټѵոǣңҪȫû
ǲܣ
ԷʵҲǺܳɫȴӵһЩ츳ܣڽԼ£ңȻܹʱֶԷĻôԷض᲻Ϊǡ
ǷʶѾչ޵ĵط㷽Բĵط
Ŀռ䣬Ҫȷɴ½ȹ̵ö࣬ʶͨʱҲޱѣԷܹڷɴ½ʱԼʶ½ȻܱԼǰѾǿ˺ܶ࣬ȴҲֻɢĵط
ѵԷǶڸңԶĵطĻԼµǰһξС
ڿն׼һУȻȴܿͣԼĲ
ԣȻԼʶɢȥôѣôʶҪʵ廯һЩôִܵôңԶĵط
ﵽôңԶĵطĻôҲԵ̫СһЩ
Լ֪Լ£ҪԸЩ˵Ļ֮⣬ʶ¶ܹһͻɱ֮µʿ
ԷȻûô
ôԷͲôԶ
ѵ
͵뵽һԡ
ռѷ죡
ûڿռѷʶ޷̽鵽ģֻרĵĴһһѷдпֺܷۼ
ϾĿռ䣬ȷɴ½쳯Ҫȹ̵̫̫ࡣ
ʱĹʼԽľңɫҲʼѿĹУɣҲЩ֧ס
ȻջԼʶ
ȻԼʶͷŵ󣬽ֲڷԲʮķΧڣ
ȻͲˣһӰϵŵĸ٣ڸʮﷶΧڵĿռѷڴȥһǴӰдģ
ԸڿռѷдԽȻѹ˷
ȻһЦ
Ȼ֣̽һ֮ìѸٵĳУȻһͻ̣
һ˶Ĳҽ쳹˵Ķ
һֻССͬһֻһĶһì֮ϡ
һҽֻ֮ʧȥͬʱ˵ʧ
һһ֮ìʧⱾǹһӡûǸ֪Ķʲôɶܲ˵Ķأֱץˡ
ҪֱӸɵԼһ˵Ķ֣ɱɱ˰ɣҲûûͶԷʻ
һУֻʬ壬˷ĴУǵλ˵̽µ򣬻ɱޣܹù׶ȵģЩ޵壬ܹΪԼ׶ȵ֤
ôһСһȫû
нһѺˣкһҪһѺĳ嶯
ǡһΣյĵط
ɡص˶У߹УԼɢԼбһ·ǧҪκεи


253 
һεĽѵ˶֪ˣǵĿ֮
⻹Ǻ֣Ǻ޽־ôΣգɼɽ磬ҪڵĻȥҲô׵顣
ЩеģӴǣҲϾֻɡ
£˶ԼıһƷʿƱ˱һ¾ʮŹ⻪εĻס顣
ͼҲֱԼĹһӡͱһ̹ģӲÿһƽʱһһ㣬ڼĳ֮ΪװΣ֣ͻữΪһȡ
Ҳʮͷųƾˣ·ϣ˵ûʲôҰޣ˳ǵĵط
һƬտأĵ˵ͷ
ȻƶӣƬطͨ˴޸ɽڵߣκηĵ˶ܵһʱһţפһǳѡ
еʿǣʼĬ׼סĵطȦȻĻôڿҰ¶ޣҲԵ̫һ㡣
ﲻ÷Ǵ̫ãȻֻʱסǾͲŪ̫ˡ
ֻɢûʸԼɽͷԷҲûаɽ鶴ŲƳ
ķĳǽԲĵطΧԲĵط㹻ʮ˾סˡ
еһ֣ͬڳǳصϿղ˽շ󡪡˵ѾǷǳˣʱʲôģԷɴ½ʿ˵һ׷ǳϤ̡
շ֮󣬾Ǿ֮
֮𲽵ĸ֮Уɱ͵ޣһֱȫʺΪֹǸɹˡ
Ȼڸɹ֮ͿϽˡɽĴԴһʱ䣬ֱܹγԼѭŻַȥ
Ȼ򣬲ҲõСĺôǾǹ׵㣬˹׵㣬ܹԴӣ׶ȴﵽһĳ̶ȵʱɾʸˡ
⵹ΪңΪ˵ľѽ
ֵ
·ƣȻѡ
һģһ߻ܹ׵㣬ҪɽϵµţʱҪܳܳʱ䡣
ȻµŽеţҪѸʱ䡣
ҲգһҲá
ǽ޽ãշ󲼺ãҲú֮󣬷ûͿչʲôǰ˶й׼ᡣ
ȿȣ׼ᡭҲҪ飬ҪΪϣһ֡
˾һ㶣֣ʲô֣ǲǷ𣿻Ҫʲô֣
ɸλ壬ƺΪҡֻǰзҲˣϾɷҴɵģ󲿷˶շģھͲһˣҴ塢޼Ҵ塢կҡҴ塭зӪλҵĵӺͶĹһ˵ԼǷҳģ̫ܲá
ʲôõģзң˵ǲǰнʼ塣
ȣ֪ǶǴȥҲ˼һʣ˵ĳ˷ӵн˼һΪǸʲôϵӵܻ߸ӹ϶áЦ
нһ£òϷĻеȷʵˣȻ˵Լ֪Լʲôҵϵӵܣȷʵ֡
һǣĸλһȹ˺ܶ࣬ǼȽϳٵҴĸλҲһֵ֣ͬһͬعսһͬȹ٣һͬɽ硭Уһģûиߵ͹֣֮ԣҸԸ֣ôԵķҵӡϾֻһ֣壬Ƿҡ
˵öԣ
ӵܿʼ⻰ȷʵ˵еΪ˱˻˾ԼһȻǸһȣ÷֣Ĳ̫ʱˡ
һǣǶѾɽ磬壬˼ĳƺɽ壬ɡֻһɣܹԴԶȥܹŸԵľΪɽ϶ɣڵĿ꣬ҽ飬֣ɼĳɣΣ
ͬ⣡ͬ⣡
˷׷׵ĺȷʵˣȻĶɣԼŪһҲȷʵ̫ãҴ˵ڵɽ磬ʺơ
Ǹȷˡ
ȷȷˡ
ǽиʲôأ
ɡ
һ壬÷ɵ֡
ҲƴǣʵʱǼô֮Ҳš
֣Ȼ顣
ԺܶطΪͬĿģһڻᣬźܳǰ;Ҫߣţǵǰ;ôɣͽɰɡ
ɡ˼飬Ц֡
ǲǰ;ͷŰ׺ӵ
ȻǺֺ֡Ŵ죬Цúܿġ
ɽɣô֣Ͼܶ˶ǴӸҪǽֵĻǾˣҲû֣ҶƽȻ˽£ݹϵģôôǲ档
鲻Ͼ˷໥֮ҲЩݹϵҪǱֳһǾ˵ˣţ˽ҴֶӣɲܸġЦ
ǵȻЦ
Ҷƽôְ񻮷֣͸ʵԸɲ齨Ҳûôི޷Ǿǻֳ󲿷֣ս񲿡սͲ˵ˣսģأΪĸֲĸҩģĸֿʯ֮µģȲüЩţúԼʵȥ֮ٸְ˾
˽ǵͷٷϴˣڵȻҲ÷ֵôϸʵʵĲгʲô⣬Ҳ١
սߵģսս͵ģ񣬶ܹ׳Լҵĳ׶ΣȻҲüƽ̫ࡣ
ǾҪΪǵǰ;ʼŬˡ
һµҪǿٸݵأȻԣͬʱֹҰ޵Ϯְ񡣡
֮µģҪȥפڣӿҪﵽɼ𣬲ܹӵɽ
еˣΪ֣óսģλΪףΪ·פΪģɨҰޣɱԷʵ̫ǿôԮ
ǰפأֺн硢ԪᡢԪȺʵǿΪмʱ׼֧ԮķҪٶȣԲǧɨɾһʵĻ
׼ȥʵ
ң׼ͼȥݷһ¸ɡЦ
ȥ˼ҵĶ𣿡һһէĵ
ʲôˣ˼ҵĶ˵ˣµҲ֪жôǿƾʲôȥ˼ҵĶЦõĵ
׼ȥʲôһҲ㡱ӡ
ȥһ£Ҫν޷ʹõ֮תΪ֮ش
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ȷʵڳǽҲˣշͷҲˣפտյģһ˿֮ûУҪûдﵽΪʿ
ھ㷽鶴ڵҲûʲôˣϾ鶴еģǷȻܹڷʿﵽ۷壬Ȼɽ磬ܹ֮֮⣬鶴ڵʵҲʲôˡ
ȥɣͣ
ҡҡͷԼţûʲôȨ


254 
ϵϣƬ½ϣŵô֮䡣
ţ𣿡ʡ
ţϣҡɡɺ͵ϼɡµŻŵķΪġҲ˵ɵŷֱҡ⡢뵤ϼ
ȥĶȽϺãʷ
ƽʱҲһ侲ҵŮкܣڷߣʷܶ⡣
һɣϾֻ֪֣ԸʲôĶЦ
ͷ룬ȻЦУǾҡɰɣ֣ȽϺ
˵ͷȻжһ·򣬺ͼһͬ
Ĵ½ȷɴ½ҪԵСһЩ
ȻеƲе磬ȴȷɴ½ҪԵյö࣬ͼ㶼СĽԼķסȫȫǰϾҲ֪᲻ʲô
ҡɣǴ˴ǰᱱǵɽʮ֮һ
ǵ½ĵص㣬Ĵ½Ķࡣ
½һԴСԴĴ½ĸȥᣬĴ½ֻСĴ½еһ
ʱĿأҡѾĴ½ɽš
ΪһţȻŪһǳصפؾˣɼɣȻɼɵɡ
ֻµţҲˡ
ٽߵĵطһɽƾհй⻪֣ɽɢǿĲ
ҡѾռĴ½ӽ֮һĵطµ򣬹ȻΣգȴҲżĺôǾϷֵһЩԴԱɴߣܺЩѾž޴ĲȴҲС
ҡһѾɽ˺ܳʱɣȻµţҲӦеơ
ɽ֮£ʮפأ˼ǣȫŮӡ
ҡɣһŮɵɡ
ͼ㰴¶ݹʱŮӭ
ԶݹǰģͻˣҡɲŻôĿ
ηѣ
˹ֵ½ɢɷ¼㣬ǰݼҡλɳ
Ů¶ЦݣŶԭǷѣһͬѾ֪ԭǰȥӭӣû뵽ȴǰˣڴ˵Ъҵš
ӡ
ӣŮֶ˼ֺøУ뷽ͼɽˣŮɵָһ
δɽţһ֮ɽŴ󿪣ϼӿ֡
һУ߲ʳ۵ɽ֮⡣
ˣϵķڷ֮¡
һ˵µŵţƷΪҲܹͻɣﵽɼģŵŶлŽеŵģҲ顣
ҡˣҲҡɵţƷΪ
ǰղŵõɽ֪Աǰǣ£δǰȥӭӣѼ¡
ҡ˵÷ǳĿڿʱ򣬾ҡҲǷǳĳԾŷɽ磬ѾӵƷΪˣǰ;
߸ŵļ㣬ͬҲƷΪһڷʱ򣬾ܹӵɫʿġ
ˣýȻҪõöࡣ
ҡŮΪսȵȷ涼µҪ΢һЩŮҲŮӵĺô٣ǲ׵ȥˡ
ҡš
ҡһҲùܶԷ˵ǲģ˵ҲǸԼӣܱһĿ˵Ҫá
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ģֵܳէ̫˽οµҵѾָĵش޽פأͬʱҲʼɨҰޣȻνĸ죬ȴ֪ӦôԲǰֱ˵Լ⡣
ԭˡ
ҡ˵˵ͷµɽ磬鲻ҲģҪ֪һµһܷ顣ɨҰޣ𲽵ĸı䡭µųʱֵģøʿ޷õĻֻ֮Ӱ֮£Ż𽥵ĳֱ仯ܹ֮õ
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ͨȻıȴܹΪáΪǻܱңҪǵֶı䡣
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ģռ䣿ֵʵ
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˵仰ҡ˾ͽԼķעԲУԲʼתۿɼ֮һ˿˿Բ֮УԲתʼ˷ֽ⡢顭
һԲ򣬴ܹһԭʼ֮Ϊõ֮
һֱԲм䱻װȻһɴ֮ͷų֮Բʧ
Թһ£νһžһķΧ
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ģռ䣬µŵһܹϰȻܹѸٵĸıĻ
ҡ˵꣬ȻֵĿ˿Щ͵ķͼ㣬ʣǲ֪Ӧô𣿡
ͼͬʱҡҡͷ
ޣǸҵĴǲŷЩ鷳ˣģռȻʲôֵǮ£ȴҲҪԴԼۻܹ죬ǵǿ֧Ԯһģռ䣬ּҲҪԼղСҡüͷ
˵ͷҲǴģ˵ҡɺ޹ʣǺܴ󷽵֧ԮһԴҲܲһ·ֹȥ
ҡΪҽβּֵ
ҡЦܲˣ֪߲ýݾģҪ֪ȻģռֻּС£ɵɣָָСɵġ
µعУҲǻвٵ½ģЩ壬ȻܹԼ۾ȥԷ½뿪ص򣬶̵֮ꡣ
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ǵģҲ̵꣬ǻ֪ȥ׬ȡ׵㣬Ȼù׵ｻҪĶʵϣҲǶµļһ£µļܹøĽĳΪµš
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ҡţ̵֮꣬ʲôط
ѣ̵֮꣬ҵ߰
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ң
ơҡ΢ЦӦúúõ̽һƵģҪ֪ɽҪԣǱҪĴö࣡
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ΪһǰϷʦôϸأһµϷҪԼƷһ£˽ǵ;
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ƵıҵĸС֡
̵֮ꡣ
ʶ̵֮ʱһӵĹ̨˷ǰ
ֻ̨һ㣬ĵط޾ŨΧţͿ
ͬʱ̨Ϊһдš̵ꡱһдš̵ꡱ
̵ʲôӵģʼ㡣
һ̵ꡣش
ԭ̵ֻꣿŵŴ𣿡


255 ͷʼŬ
ҡ֮󣬷ͺͼ׼ȥˡ
ȻͷйԣȻǷ̫顣
ŷͼ뿪һҡɵŮֵʵţΪǲɴһģռ䣿˵ʲôȴܺܿڱϵǸһܴˡ
ˣġ
ҡЦҸ̵֮飬ǶˣҪǴõģռ䣬ǲáˣ϶вСĳɾֻͣһ㣬һֱǵáҪǸİ
ŮƶǶĵ˵ͷҡ˽ŵ⣬ĵӣҪ֪ɴ򽻵潻ȻЩ½ļ򽻵ǾǸ齻ˡԲͬˣҪ費ͬͶʡ
˵ҡ̾ϢҪģռ˼Ҳ֧ԮֻĳɾͣҲͽڴˡ
ҵǺϣļΪŵһ̣ʱǲŻӵһĺء
ͼȻ֪ҡ˵ۣ׼صפУȻúõоһơ
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֣Ϊʲôҵĸ̵ʲôûУһ߷Уһʡ
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ȣôͻˣĪǳ˱Ÿû⣬ʵȥˣѾܾǵǸɣɱȮ
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˵֮󣬲򣬷֣פڵн˶˹
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ӵߵȨҪģǷʵȨ
Ųʵǿˣô̵꣬ҲԶתƵʵǿ˵УǿΪ
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˿һ㡣
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˿ȴû̫࣬ϾѾҪһ齨µţôһŬɡ
ڷɴ½ʱ򣬷һֱûΪԴͷ۹ԭܼ򵥣ΪһУܶ飬ѧԺѾΪ̺·
ڣҪԼ·ȻһͬǰȻҪѵöࡣ
һ֮󣬷оϵص
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ǽǾҪһЩҰɱˡ
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̯̯֣ûðɣǻľֻܹסɴ½ϵѡ
ڽ
ȰѴһ֮أ
ҸղŽ֮תʱҵĹ׶ȱ΢һЩš׶Ⱥ󣬶һһ֮󣬹׶ָֻһ㡣˵ʲô˵ı֮Ҳܹӹ׶ȵģԼһ֮һ׵㡣ȻһķΧڣܹЧֻжһ˴ʹ÷ǲܹת֮
֮Ҳģʮڲϵת֮ԴԴϵĻù׵㣬Ƕ̫ôܹõĹ׵㣬ͻüټˣ


256 ƻ
򣬶˵һξ޴Ļᡣ
ͬҲǿ顣
ɱҰ޿Իù׵㣬µҰޣʵƷƷȣõĹ׵ֱΪһ㡢㡢ʮ㡢ʮ㡢ʮͰʮ㣬⻹ΪҰ޵࣬츳ܣȽԻɱԭ򡪡һ˵Ҳܹǧ׵㡣
ɹռһɿɵһǧ㹱׵㣬ɵһٵ㹱׵㣬ûܳɹռݣȻҲǰ׳ֻõĹ׵ͻ½һɶѡ
Ǵͷ
Ȼһֻܻһ׵㣬ȻµҲſȷɴ½ӴֹʮҪ죿ⷽ棬һһ㶼ܹĹ׵㣬Ǵþ˵ˡ
ɹһµŶܹһӽĹ׵㣬ɼٴ񣬾Խеˡ
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ڽ׶ΣܹʡⷽԴȻܹõķչᡣ
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Ϊǵʵ㹻ɫԲжˣǼһԼԿԷΪ
·ͼ㣬ٴγѡ
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ΪҰޣԺκһ֣Ϊһ塣
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ǰҪЩġ
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Ƿ˻ˣһһĹ̰
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260 һĿ
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ڣֻ뿴֮ǰľЩʲôһĵط


261 ƿ
ǧǧ๱׵㣬ڶһһֻ֮ʣͷҲͦ۵ġֻö࣬û͵ûȻ׵ʲôأ
һ鱡Ƴ˷УӦǷؼһģֻѧϰ֮ڽģҲƷһС
ʶ͸ƣܿģϢʼһĽ뷽ԺΪճһĻ档
һĻĻ棬ϸڣȫ˷ԺС
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еĳһ㣬ŵ⻪ͬʱײһ𣬽žγһĻһĹ⻪쳯£ǳأС
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ÿ˶ӵɵʵôһµűҲ̫ˡ
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ڰ֮һҹͻƵɵĵǣɢ·һǵҪɱҰޣҪЩµɵս顣
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ĶɡĳɾͣκһµŶܹɣǶ齨˵ȴһδ粽ǰ
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͵һʱҰ޵ļС˺ܶ࣬һ·εһ죬һͷҰޡ
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׶ΣľǸٶˡ
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ϱǺܼ򵥣ǳЩҰ޵壬һͷƷҰ壬ܹڵģռ䣬Ȼ
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Ҫѧ᣿ܼ򵥣ͼϲɼֻҪǧ׵㡣


262 
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󲿷ûгΪµŵļ嶼ˣҪͨʱܹܵ㹻Ĺ׵㣬ܹԼƿʯҩģֶΣκεá
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λĬĬͷȻֻµŵţȻһʶҲΪǶǿˣⷽ˷ḻľ顣
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ȻµУȴżֺ
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УҪģĿ졣
һʼ͸ģ˭ɳԼӦĵһ׶Ρ
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Ƚǻһֻޡ
ЩҰ޲ͬЩҰǴһֻϢޣȫɻ֮ɵġ
Ļ޼ɳȥôѾò򣬾ͻɲŲǸӡ
ҲǶ˵飬Ͼµģһɾܹˣ鷳ǣԼܹޣϢָ˻ģ磬ɽ쵽ˡ
Ⱥһﾺ鷳顣
ҪǣԼɵ֡
ֲ⣬֮ǵõĹ׵㣬Ҫˮһ룬Ǹɲ̵顣
ҿ֣նɱΪͲƷʵʵǺֻʮ֣ܹ
λŷ׷׵ͷ
Ҳֻˡ
ϣʮλžʵǿĴڣÿ˶ƷΪǶֻһߣܴͻƵɵΪĲǳϻǱʲôˣž޴Ĳ
ͷչֳģǺͬʵȻޣŻһһܹ׵γѹơ
ֻʮ֣ܹѹƣնɱĿꡣ
ôλţҵھͿɳնɱⲣҹζࡣ
ҡλŷ׷׵ͷʱɽ棬ͻȻ˺Ȼľ죡


263 ƴ
Ǵ𣿡
վפسǽϣԶ
ܶడ
վڱߵļüͷöˣÿ춼Ǻ¡¡һӣȻͣ
ӦǺ°գ°͵ʼˣ˵ѾҪˡ
֮ǰû뵽ɽӵġ
̾ϢұΪɽһƬޱȹ磬޵֮ĵرҲûзգҲûǳ
ˡ
ЦǶʿǺЩƽʲôͬͬĿ꣬׷ֻ׷Ķͷ˲̫һѡɽأЩˣʿʲôͬҲһĿ꣬׷ԼҪػĶЩûʲôͬˣɵɽ磬ǾӦú˼䣬ǲİ
˵öԡЦɽ磬ƺӵзܶĶء
һЦȻ˶
ǸϲΪԶ룬ĺ塣
ȻǾͿһЩ
ǱʲôҸеǿķƷҲ٣ʮƷ۷尡ôŪôƳ
һʼ⣬ʹ𾪵ɫˣȥҡɣҲҡɵȺ߲㣬ҡչֳԼսʤ֮⣬ƷҡɳǣûԼ򲻹Է
ȻڣӶķУоŸҡ˲ʵҡˣǾʮƷ۷Ϊˣ
뵽ʮµţôʮǿ˵ݣҲͺ֮ˣ
ʮµŵ֡ףڧɣѵʲôĵر𣿡
к˼ţս²ܲͽȥġ
ܿģͷ˲ԣΪսԽңĿڶݹȻһĳԼ߳˹
Ȼˡֵǣ׼ˣȰѼһﶼ˵
ŵ
ʮɵӵܺȻӦŵȻʱĳɹȫ˳
Ȼûа취ɼǵĿʯҩģҲû취ɽõķ͵ҩʱڣеĵĹǣѾ鶴ڵĿʯɱ˻
Ӷдʦǣһβ뿪֮⣬˶ʦȻԴַ˿еİοβҪĴʦ֮һɽ֮󣬲⴫ĽȻѾʧЧѡ뿪ĺβ뿪֮ǰҪķ
ֶΣϷĲϣǷɱͲ֪ˣûã
ټܿҪڿն𣬳ǽϣǿҲļͷָŶԷŵ⣬ôҲµһʱķ
ڷɴ½ǿɽϵʿ۳ɵļͷڣɽϵ۳ɵļͷ
Ҫڷɴ½ʿ㼯ɵķĽķ
ɵӵܣȻɽսϣкܴĲ㣬Ȼս飬ȴһ㶼ȱ
Կشڣɵӵܸŷ֣ϰѪһս
ޱ޼ʵɱʮӵܵð˳ɽЩˣЩµɱ
Ǻٱ˱ƵϹҲٻӵӾƴɱɱ
ԶһϼɵӻһȻѾﵽƷ˵Զ⴦ǳ棬󲿷ֵչֳƶҪһأֻܹӵɵʵȻʮһƬɱȴƷ˸еһ˿־塣
δѣ뱨⣡
ֺԶԶĴ˹
ϼɵʷӣҵʮפѱƾɣںҵҪطЪϢΪȡһЩϢͲʱ䣡
¶Ǵһ
Ҳǡԭʮ֣ڶԸУʲôĴУܹʮ۷ɶ޿κΣ
ƹǽڳǽ󷽲ҵȡ

ʮµɶ޷赲ɿҲ޷赲Ȼ£ֻоһ¶ԷĽٶȣʮɵܹ֯
ʷι˹֣ƽʱһɶ㲻ϵļ𾴣ʱЩɵӵѾϵĴܣϢʱ䶼ûУòҡţǺܿĻ޾׷ɱ˹ֻӡӡӡ
ƺƵʿзΪɣӳǽ˹ȥȻÿֻӣʮɼҲɣʮɣڣֻʮɵϢһ¡
ųˮһʿԱ߷ɹɵĵҲɫϾǱǿö޷赲ѵԼ赲
ȴսԼķûһ˱ܵġ
һ塣
ǲˡ
ɽҪԼ͵£չֳԼʵ
üͷѾоˣ޵ǿ
ȻչֳҲֻ۷ˮ׼ȻȴܹѹƵʮź޶Կ
ĵˣɣܹס
Ȼסˣضĺô
ɽһĵطʮɣʮɣ˼ɴĺô
Ȼֵ֪ס޵ش壬Ȼȴ֪ܵһûᡣ
ʮֶ޷ֵĶԼֵܹסܹõٸ׵㣿
ҪƴҲƴˡ
ƴҲԼȥƴ˭Լء
˭ԼǿǸء
һӡӷͷð˳˶档
ʲô㾪ʡ
˽ⷽˣһ˲䣬˷顣
عͷԼ¶һů΢Ц
ģȥɵС¡ȥȥ
Ҳȥ
ҲԸΪκȥƴ
ģһġ
һ˹ļ˸գȻͷԶսţ˹ȥ
棬ҲҪ˹ȥȴץסˡ
ſңҲܿһȥƴ󺰣ϧһС磬ôҲ㲻
ȥɡ
˸ǵĹâңǸݱľҡұ֤
ƾʲô֤
ƾ֪ȫɾĺܶ顣
΢Ц
ս˹ȥһǰơ
ֻ΢赲һ¶֣ԵǣʮѾǱֻܸͣΪսµĵӣҲһֱûĻᣬֻܲϵӶݡ
Լܹ赲һ¶ԷĻʮŻ֣ԷӦòǶ֡
ΪͷεĻޣʵʵ۷ѡ
ܹľ棬ֻΪܹϵʹѹԵķѹʮţֻҪʮܹ֣ǧ򻯣Ҳ޷ֵϵ⡣
һ㣬Ϊһֱսġ
ͬĶ֣ԵѹƣܹγɼǿѹƣԷʮֻҪȫĬһҲͬԷһ
Էɹһ𣬷ͷԿĻķǧ򻯣Ҳ޷ֲϵĲࡣ
ԷԼȥƴģֻȥһΣյġ
е֪֮ʲôʱѾ˻֮÷ϤĻ֮
ֻڷɴ½ϣ֪Ļ֮ҪӵľӵĹӡ
һӡڿƯţһһɵĻ֮ʼһӡȻ뷽塣
鶴죬ҲʼĽЩ֮


264 Ϊʲô
ʮλѾƴ
ڿĹУǴûȻ֪Ĵ˵пܳĻޣȻĸȷʵǳ͵ģһֱҲԼô
˵ʮ۷ţѵɱһͷޣ
Ҫ֪µܹǿҰޣ޷Ǿ۷Ұ޶ѣʮŵѵˣ
οÿȻ㳲ȴҲǾӢ£һͷ۷ҰޣǲһЦ
֮ǲȻ֣治һЦ
ӵ۷Ļޣӵ۷Ұޣȫͬ
ͨҰޣӵ츳ܣȻԸŵ˲żüã׾ܹƶԷȻøַʽɱ֡
ǻأصܹû֮ȻԵķĺˮ˳ɵɽţĿ˺ŵɽţԼΣɽ֮ٵҡɵɽš
ȻʮλΧм䣬ǻȴ˿壬ϵÿԵķʮλŴͷ̧ȫ޷Ѹٵһ
ĵӣǱӿ֮֮ŪŲȣֻܲϵӴܡ
ܹԼɴȻԼһһĥȥԷôȡʤпܵģȻƫƫûĻᣡ
οûƶģ˼ҪǲȦף˲뿪ҲֻĿš
ҰʮλڿĹУʲôʱôҹڣҡ
ҡӲ˻޵һԷֱ˳ȥòסԼεʱλŶֱӴɳȥˣһλԷɻȵţȴԭء
һֱۺɢĻޣڴ˿ԼΡ
һͷɣźصۼףȴл֮ţԵޱҰޣ
һ̣Ұǰ㣬޵Ľɱֻ֮ǰϡ
ɻȵ¶һ˿ɫľʿĵľĽ֮ǰĲѾ˲СˣԷеĻ㲻ҲԪˣһƷע˵ġ
Ϊɻȵĵһ֣Ʒôŵλãͻóȥɻ˵ɲʲô£ŵʵôɵҲѸٵ½ͬҲӰ쵽ɵԴ룡
ͬʱŭ׼ȥԮɻȵţȻȴЩˡ
ɻȵʧȥսֻʣ˾Ÿ˵ǣζԸͷޣ
ؼʱ̣һ˸žɫ⻪Ӱͬһķɽ˻޵ĿƵص㡣
ƺҲע⵽˲ԣŭһȻ˫һϣҪȰѷɻŻɱ˵
ɻȵǰһƹ⣬ţһصܣǰ
ѸٷŴȻһͬһߣԼεĻм䣡
ˣһ죬޵ǰ㣬صϣڵķɻţһͷۻ
һôǵסˣȻΧѾѷ졭
ϴ󣬱ˣҴֻƷɵֵ˼£
һڶ𣬷ɻȵŷ֣ڲֻһһֲµˡ
ȻԼһľ˺ķôڡ
ɻȵҲǾ֮ˣµ˶ԷıȻԼڵķԴԴϵĴ˹ȥ
һʼĶԷԼһƷӦýܲԼôķԷȴµĳ˵һ㣡
ԾķɻſʼԼȫ˹ȥԷЦһһƹַŴ˺ü
һ𣬲ηƺ࣬ѷ춼ûг֡
Ȼ޲۷ˮ׼ֻҪԲƣҪɵһҲء
ֲµֹһȻˣǰȫˡ
лȣ֪ǡ
ɻȵŶ˹˹֡
ŶҽзʿҵһȺֵܱŵ򡣡
һ˵һ߳ȥ˷ȻѾˣڷŻޡ
λţ˰ɣ
һȻתͷԷɻȵŵλţܲٸҴ㷨ҵһͷ
ɻȵŵ˵ͷһƽԼڵĴ˹ȥ
һȻͷĹһӡɢɫâŻ۳һϵںһĹâֱӹ˻ޣ
ͬʱɫ䡣
ܹ⻪дŵĿֲѹַںһԶԶǵһϵķܹģ໥ͻһֲȶ״ޱȾҵıը
۷嶼޷ֵıը
¾ͬʱˣҲû׷Ҳ̺ĺԼϢŭһɢ֮ɫĹâӲĽһ
սΪ춯صһը
ͬһƬҶһ㣬ֱӱɵԶҲͬʱˤ
ҡһתۣķɵ˷ߣһ־ͰѷȻλѣˣ
ʮҲ֪ѵõĻᣬޱɣʱ˿ĺûᡣ
۷ٶǺεȵĿ٣һ˲䣬Ǿ뿪սȻɵפ⡣
ԴɵǣʮһƣԼĵôûɱأ
ڷеĹУҡҲԼע뵽˷ڣɫҲʼ𽥵
פ֮£ԶĻһĿ˿һȻ𽥵ʧ֮䡣
ͬʱһ
Ȼڿе˶ѾԴ֮󣬻ҲʼоӲֲʲôôġ
ܼ򵥣ɵĵǳɱٵʮɵҲԵ֯ӿһĴ󣬻޳Ҫöж졣
ϧǣѡ񲻳Ȼץסһ£Ҳøͷ۲ˡ
λŶ֪ΣѣǽˣڽʱҪôźã
ֻҪţĿͻ𽥵תΪ֮ʱҲɲֽʱپͻԵѺܶˡ
ʱŵ۾ڷϡ
Ƕܹó˿̵ʵ޷ƷȻѾǺ˲ĳɾˣȻʮűȴźܴһβ࣬ʮУܹڶսлܷģҲһץһѡ
Ϊʲôֵܹס޵͹Ϊʲôܹӻ޵צ¾·ɻȵţΪʲôʮλŴһ춼ûİѻ޸Ͽȴһ֮¾ˣ
չҲ
λѣˣǰʱ䵽ҡ̵ķˣǸոշˣһƷʵһԼɷʵǲš
ҡ˵ĻλŵЩ˽ˣȻżʿһɽǷģȴҲ֪һƷǷǳµ顣
Ҫ֪£޷۷ѣѾǻ˺ܳʱ顣
ο
ǳڣʮɺͼʵʿž֪һµļ塣
ֵܹˣֻƷڻɽϣڽһǰ;


265 а취
λš
һȻáǡĻЩŤǰģȷʵʮλš
ԷҲԵúܿϾڸղţֲǰεľ棬οڹؼʱ̾˷ɻȵһȻЩ֮δѣǲڱսȴҲԸκһܵ𺦡
ѲŷѾƷΪо־ɣȻɼǰ;ȻֻҪܼȥضܹɽɾ͡
ŵʮλģĻǴλŶԷϿɡ
֪ΪܹƷʵԿͷ󣿡
һĵ⣬ĻҲӦܹ֮󣬻ɱޣʲô¡
ȻʵǿҲֻ۷ˮ׼λűûκεƣȻܹ˻Ի͵սΪλʵãǱԷˣ²Ϊѡ
˷⻰ǶĬĵ˵ͷһηϻΪλȫһ㡭
ת䷨ԣ֮Ȼ£Ҳص㣬ޣԾϵܹתַܽΪһԸ֡Ȼ±ϾֻƷʵǷȱղλǰע뵽ڣҲ޷Ч
ԭʣѹ֡һΪʲôطء
ҡ̾Ϣ
ɽûгֹ˭Ǿ޵ģÿ˶Լǿԣÿɽĺ֣ȴûκһܹӵص㡣
ܹһеҲǷǳ٣ǵ뵽˹ɾ˲ܹյ
ν⣬УҲֻдﵽֲεĹǸǿĴǣܹӵ
ٱƣʲôϵʿܹ֮תǳԽһ˵
ǻΪǷʲôӵֻΪĸѡ
Щ鷳ˡ
ҡ֪ܶ¶֪½ٵϸĽһ顣
ڵƣʮ죬ĻͻᱻɲŲʱ˻֮ʱɴٽ룬ʱ鷳ˡ
˷ʱ䲻˵пԼõĹ׵ˮľ棬˶Ը⿴ġ
Ҳ˵Ҫʮڻɱͷޣܹסڵƣʡ
˵˵ͷȷʵˣȻǺȷʵܹɱͷޣȻǳƻǲһͷǵȦģֻʮһͬжûɱؼûȻסõ²ɹ֮Կɱֻڷ֮䣡
üͷһ
ʲô뷨˵ɡҡЦ
ȻᣬһܺƽƽҪ̫ǡӸ΢Ц
ﰵ룬ֻôթһǶѡ
ϣһ㶼û¶ʲô˸֮ŵλǰСһ뷨ǾСλǰһͬǰȥȵ޵ʱλǰֻҪϵĽעڣôҾа취סޣʱλǰĸǳûǾܻɱͷޣ
ȷӲɵһԼĺ붼˼
ƽʱԼĺһ۵Ҫ˿ȴںˡ
ȻԸλǰСλڿ
ɫСӲţȴҲܹѸת䷨ԣֻǺƷĻޱ̫λǰ֧֣ôȻʲô⡣
ҵȽΪ۷壬ڻ۵ķƷ֪Ӵ٣ܹ𣿡ɻʵ
СŹһӡܹСڷΣޱ飬֮ǰͷɻǰһʱҲ˷ɻǰķһ߻ޡ
˵񶼿˷ɻӣɻӵ˵ͷȷʵˣһİ˳ɣҲûκε
ɻ˵λŷģ¶ǿס
ܳɣҵȱضþһзš
ӳʮλ곤ģ˵ĻȻصĳŵ
ɽ磬ŵǺܱصģŵŵˣһӦ
ҵսвϵΪĻôսһӰ졭д淨ķܹķշĻػҡЦ
ҡ֮ҵȾȻȴˡ˵
Ҫһ²֪Ц
£ҡ˱óһƴһ֮ԭӨ͸򣬾ͳ
ɵķԿ
ҡ˽ݸ˷ӹǣеķȻܵԴԴϵķԼڡ
ҲǷܹϾͬǾʿģͬԵķܹΪãȻĻλ໥Ըˡ
Էȴ⣬ڱͲĳһԵķƻ֮κεķܹ֮ʹó
Ȼֻܹʹãڴķͬ޵ģֻйһӡ鶴Ҳܹ
˲䣬ͽڵķȡøɸɾȻһ̧֣һִĹâзȥԶһɽͷ˸飡
ãһɷƣҡϲüҵĵ
ִ淨򣬼ÿŶУսгʹõģϾǲһԼĵսȥս޷ȡ֮ʱ򣬾ҪԼķΪˡ
Ϊ˷ֹսʱλó˴򣬲ϧע˴ķֶһƷλҲûʲô۵ġ
ϰٸ򴧽ԼĺɰܷŵϾҪһʱշʮ㡣
ͷ𣿴ҶǾϵȫܣֻҪӷ㹻Ұޣ
ôӵս飬ܱҰҪǿö˰ɡ
οδҪɱֻ֣ҪܲסԷʱλŴһԷΧסҪɱԷ׵öˡ
Ĺͣ˵ҲҪǵõöǡ
ҵȽȥٵӣʱ׼ܲܽͷ󣬾Ϳˡ
ҡ˶Է˵ͷ
ҡ¶һЦݣû뵽żʱ䣬Ūˣôɡİɣ֪ѷʲôʱٸֻؼؼҡɶܰŪ롣
лҡǰЦģĻҡ˻ƽ⡭
λŷֱ뿪ȥԼĵӣнղһֱû졣
Ҫɣǿɾͷˡ
ٺٵЦȻԼĹҵĿڴ
Ҫȥƴ㲻ĵ
ȻԷģֵĵȴüǳĲ
ƴ
ЦȻͷ
ֻȥסͷѣһĹλžܲ´󣬵ʱֻԱ߿žˡ֮Ǿܹõķõһ⣬ҲǧѷģһҪץסĻᡣ
ĽǶ˵˵һҲδػһͷȻǸˣĻֱزݣǷһҪСģǹŪˡн߶߶ĵ
ܲ˵ģ޲н


266 
Լ·ΪСĵĽϰٸֱŽԼڵĿڴУȷԼһʱܹס
Ŵҡ߹ȥλּۻ۵н¶һ˿Цݡ
⣬ҪһЩ
ֻԱ˼䣬н;׼жϳλܹʲôĴۣжתֵ滯
ϵʯҩ
ؼһзܹõģЩҪʮ׵ܹһؼнթˣλŵʲôΪĻȻ˵ҪѴ׵ܹõģȻЩѾܾõµţȴʲô
թһֵҩͿʯȴ׼İסλŵһ΢еۣȴ϶ܾ֣нıˡ
ĶϸܹɵҩʦʦɣӶϣ̵һͰ
ɲֿҰʬȫȡ˳еĵȥϣȻģռ䣬ڴ󲿷ֿתΪ˻֮Ҳˢ׵һûᡣ
ȥǰսˣȻҲҪںŬ
Ÿոսɣݲһ˷ѡ
ٶϸļһЩ֮󣬷˼㡣
ôץҲܹԼķսΪζܰɣҲܣôҶҪÿһ㣬ŲĲܡ
ĬĬĵ˵ͷ֪顣
ڶʱ򣬷ҾֻһС壬ĴսУʲôںصĹսУҲΪֻǸŴ͵ġ
ڵɽ磬ɴͣҪǷЩ֮ЩɵţκεĽס
ûʵֻᱻ˺ӡȻû˿ǣġӡȡҪܡ
ɣǿģֻзһˣȴɵҫ
ԼʲôֵÿҫģȻľ棬ȴһֳ衣
ҲˣнַʽܵķʽεĽһνףŸصĻæ
˫ƽȵġ
Ҳֵܹ
ûбȴܹо
ЩʽǽĻᡣ
ֻҪķʽǾͲЩɵĵǲ
ųĬɵǣ΢΢Ц
ڣԳˡ
ڻ֮£˵ʶҪͷųȥǺѵġ
ȴûие̫ѣȻڷɴ½ʱʶ̽ķΧҪСĺܶ࣬ȴҲû̫Ӱ졣
ĸоû˵ȥ
ǿʮͬʱ֣ʮ۷ɵӴʶסǡ
Ҫҵ޾Ͳ̫ѵ飬ֻҵޣʾǾܹסޣԲ
ʶ֮̽ʮͬʱ˻ʲôط
ȥʮǧİʮǴ
ҡ˵Ȼһ֣Ӹ˷һơ
Ǵơעȥʱ㣬ȥɣסһյʱ䣬Ǿܹܲϣʱɱͷֻڷ֮䣡
˵ͷɻݹ⣬ҡ˸ߵĵص㡣
һ߷УһеơȻǿʱƣɽȻȷɴ½ҪãʱƷɴ½Уֻܴ֮һ仰ȥһʹõķ鷳ˡ
һ߷ţҡ˵һߴ˹Ϊǰķ
ʮŵĴûжãǵĴݾߣ˷еٶȺܿ죬ֻҪܹסԷô̶һյĹǾܹǴطΧˮйͨҲõܵȥ
ʮֵʶУȷ·ǰ
ƺҲûĴӣԭء
ӽϵĽӽ
Ѿˡ
ʮҪֳϲɫʱͬʱȻɫ
Ϊǵʶ֪У޺ͷϢͬʱʧˣ
ôܣ
˳Ծĺʮ֣ʶ㹻ס򣬶ҽ֮µκܶ㿪ʶ̽飬ڣȻĪģ޺ͷϢͬʱʧ
ιõ𣿡
ҡ˶Դƺ˼εҡҡͷ
֪ʲôĴҲ
ǷͬСɣ
ʮŶһۣȻͬʱٶȣ˷ͻϢʧĵط
Ⱥ쵰ʲô©𣿡̲ס
ʮͬʱϵͻϢʧĵصʱѾκε
һɽȣȴûʲôڣһţȷȷĿɽʲôûС
ĵǽɽȶ˸׳죬ȴʲôûз֡
˿ȴڿЦ
ӽ⴦ɽȵʱ򣬻ɽϢ
ڲӽʱ򣬻̧ͷŷ
ӴȴһƺԶ˿Ļޣڿһ̣Ұ׵Уȴƺһ˿
ȻԼһǰ㡣
ʼȻܿͲ޲ڶ֣ǿʼıռ䣡
ķҪˣɲԼ̫Σյľأǵո˲Ƴȥ֮󣬾͸оԼײһǽ
ʧڵģһƬɵģϲ죬²صĿռ䡣
ռŲ֮𣿡
Цû뵽޻
޵͵͵ĺһȻֳȫΡ
Ҿ㲻ӦýлޣӦýи˹ǡ
ͷŻ޵ȫò˼ĵ
ûʲôӦǳŷ̤ǰһ
ŪռӦҵɣҲǹģ֪ܹвģֻһˣȽңȻȥˣս԰ɣû뵽㻹սԣ
ੲݵ˵ţ޲ͷٴεͺһֳŷǰһ
ĲӺܴ󣬾뷽໹Ĳ
ѵ֪ѾעģȻЩûκεİ취ȻֻҪһͼɣҪɵ̫ˡαأܹ֮ҪתΪ֮ʲôġ
ֳԼǰһĻޣЦôܸɵǼðɣ֪ȻϾߣ㣬ֻڱԼļ԰ѡҲԹߣһܹ̾һǵˣŭһɽЩ޳֤ܵһԼͬĺͱ˵̬ɽĳԱҪԼúܺãȻҵͬҲúܺãɽúܺãֻܺվڶԿķˡ
̤һ
ðɣЩûͱ˵磬ұܸˣΪһƽʿ½ֻҪڣĻһꡣһҪɶгȴһ·ڵӣƽĴ½ƽɽ磬ҲƽҲô˽ϣ˰ϵĹضãҰݵĹһӣȻôذɣ٣绹кܶǲ̫ء
˵̧ͷޱĻ¶һЦ
ҪﵽĿ꣬ҾҪӵԼʵҪ˺ĻǸˡ
һ˲佫ķȫյԼڣһ֣һӡžɫ⻪ص˻ޣ


267 
ɢģǻϢ
ν磬ָδ֮أͷųԭʼϢ
һУǴӻġ
ȡеĵ֮ɡ
ȡеķ֮ɷ
ȡе֮
ʥȡеʥ֮ʥ
ȡе֮顣
һеһУԴڻ磬ԸŻᣬ֮ԼǵķݶռԽ࣬ԼͻԽ
֪ǣԼľɫ⻪УȻ˻֮
ڷǼǾɫ⻪ʱ򣬻Ҳͬһһɫ⻪
⻪ֲ£ھҵıը֮󣬲ޱӴĻޣ˵ޱСķƵǧľ롣
಻٣ǧ
Ӳƴһ֮󣬷ﶨ
ȻԼľϵ֮ϣȫڻ֮£֮ǰԼģֻǷѡ
еķ䣬ᱻ޻ܣ
ֻ
ϰٸڿЦʱϰٸѾˣڣȴԵô١
һķ͹óôһҲ˵ٻ֮Լûа취Կޡ
ԭǣٻֻ֮ҪסԷһյʱ㹻ˣôҲǹģ˭֪޾ȻԼռ֮ڣ¾Ͳ֪ʲôʱʮλŲܴԮˡ
һã˵ɱɱóɻޣԼܱܲסСһδ֪
ˣȻ֧һᣬͶ֧һᡣ
£ʼϳȡеķȻͻζ
ÿһǾ춯صÿһ۷ЩǶݵ
޵ƬռԵ㷽ϵӵ£ҲܺͻԵͬ鶯
һһһ
ÿһʹԼȫ
ҲڲϵĥȻԼľϵܹ֮ͻԿò£ôԼǲҲܹռڳȡ֮Ϊأ
ȥԮʮλŵʱ򣬷Ͳ֮ԼҲܹա
ھϵ֮УˣҲ˵Լ⣬УҲֻֻ֪ߵغĺӣŸԿ䡣
磬ʵֻǰ˾ϵһԼΪβգ
ʱΪ֮ŨңȻԼһӣȴоûʲô仯ԾûˣռĶظտʱĻ֮ؼ
ֺͻ޽һʼԸոѧľϵ֮һһջ֮
Ч
ʲôϵֻܹյһ֮Ļ֮֮󣬾ֱתΪ֮ǰ鶴ڳԪһʡ
ֶɲȱ
üͷ͵Լͷһ¡
ԼǺͿˣϵֻ֮þϵķŶѣǴӻ֮л֮Ȼٷ˵ϸֵϸԸ֮ôܳɹ
ʱ򣬷˶˷ڵ̫ϻԪ
ն˷˵ɽ֮ͨ԰һУþϵʿܹڻеĻ
Ȼɽ֮󣬷֪˶˷ⷬȫǷƨ
ɽϵӻľϵܹ֮
κεĳһϵģܹĴ֮гȡԼĶֲġ
Щؼֻ÷ķš
̫ϻԪأܹһУϵʿܹʹãЩܹ֮ģ
ټ϶˷ôصĶԼ˵鲻ҪȥǾ֤ˣ̫ϻԪһֺܳɫķš
ٶ˷ķŴڸûɵķǲϹġ
Ҫ͵͵ĸԼҪ˵ȥ
Ҳ̫ϻԪԵʱûʲôô쳯ڵ鶴ڵǿһֱǿ鶴ģ˾ƺûκεô
ɽ֮⵵£һֱڣ̫ϻԪ᲻Լ洦
ܺã̫ϻԪѾù죬ʱںͻ޴սʱ̫ϻԪļأʼͷ
Ϊ̫ϣ
߸ϣһУΪ̫ϡ
ΪԪ
Ϊ磬ԪΪ
еһУԪ
ԪԴĶ
ڣԴĶʲô
֮
һ˲䣬ˡ
̫ϻԪ֮ķš
Ȼ쳯ɽ磬̫ϻԪܹɵĵѸٵʵȻõģڻ֮ĵط
רŹ޵ķţ
˷
ȫɾйϵ
Ǻһȫɾµӣ
һ˲䣬ʼоԼһ·ľ벻ȫɾӰӡ
Լص㣬ȫɾһ
ԼʼڵõȫɾµĴ֮󣬲ſʼġ
Լͻͽȫɾµ򣬲ſʼġ
ԼͻƾƷȫɾߴ˾Ȼָ£ſʼġ
ڣԼ̫ϻԪĶ˷ƺҲȫɾѲ˹ϵ
һ˲䣬ЩЦԷǵĸо
ûн鵽ΪԼһľżȫɾǣ֮²ŵһʱֻڸммȫɾô֡
ȫܶΰɾ䣬бм顭û취ôôôҲҪŪ˰㣬˭ҶҪɵΪ㱨𡣡
ĬĬ߶һ䣬̧ͷͻٴӲƴһǡ
˼ƺҵܺãƺɱҡңҪɵ㡣
΢Цŵ
̫ϻԪתռĻ֮Ȼһ˿˿Ľ˷壬ʼһһĸŷ塣
ɽ磬Ӧ塪ʵɵˣӵ壬Ǳ֮壬ɵٵɣǸԼĹ̡
ﵽȱĵزʱ򣬾ǽɶ塣
ΪһɵḶ́ʮλţɽ˼ǧʱ䣬ûܹͻƵɣͿɼһôѵĹ̡
ȻõƷۣȻ壬ȴڷɴ½ûʲô
֮첻塣
Ϊʣޣ
ֻ֮Ǵӻ֮зֳһ֣ܹ˵ʣȴ÷õκεĸı䡣
һֱڣĻ֮ӿ뷽ڵʱ򣬷ſʼԼ졣
ÿڲÿһƤڻ
ĹѪҺëʼһĸı䡣
ʼŻ֮ǰ˵ʼǰͷޣԽԽơ
ҲоԼķ𲽵š
Ʒһһģɶ塣
һУʺɽʣǾܹﵽɶ塣
ʮŶ磬ǵȱκһƤܹޱ˳֮ڡ
Ҳﵽľ硣
Ͷ֮䣬о޴ޱӴĻޣУѾûκεѹ
Ҳǲһ㣬ͣԼĲȻ͵͵ĺһУȻһЩȻ
ƮȻǰ
޲ûйſһɥӡ
ҪɥĿռϢԸ⣬ҿԸϢĿռ䡣
޵͵͵ĺһȻ壬ͻأĿʼС
һͷߴɵľޣԼǰһͷƴĿɰСޣЦ
ҲӦĿռġһǵġ
޵͵͵ĻӦһȻ˷ſ鶴졣
һ̣֣ԼѾصǴɽ


268 
ɽڣʮλԵ
Ƕµŵ쵼ߣȻԶԶ޷еԼϵŵȣȴҲ۾һĴڴ˿̣ȴԵô
ͻͬʱʧ٣Ǵ˿̻ܲµȸɵвģȻٶԸǣǾɵˡ
Ǿµһ㣬ҲΪ
޽ȥģİռ䡪ֻл޲ܹӵеص㣬ռһ棬ĸ죬ʵϾҪİռ䡣
ȫ޷顣
Ǵ˿̵ǲ̫ԼİΣϾȥֲˣɽ类ɳ߼ǰ⣬ǲǹ׵ˮ⡣
ڵĵǷ
ЩѾµŵ˵ɣǵľ֡
෴ģһǱɣһԽõĶ
Ȼһ־ǿ̬ȣ֮ĽһףΪɲֵýύ
һйɣɽǻᱻ˸߿һ۵ġ
οŸ֮
ɱˣôɣҲʲôǰ;
ʣµǰ;ȻǺʮ֮飬Ҳ᲻ڡ
ʮλڳüչ׼¶ӿ۹׵㣬ҲҪǰȥøǣȡȳʱ򣬿һơ
ɽڡ
ʮλƽʱӺݻϲŭɫţͬʱ
ˣ
ûʲôɣ
أ
һʱ֮䣬˷Ժ˦˦ͷȻЦ
ʮλţӦáǺ˰
лλŹСʲű˰ռ䣬ҿλŵķСӼֵʱ䣬ս۷Ϊ˳նɱ˻ޣǲʹ
˷ĻʮλɵöʼЩ˷
ĸǼǧһ·ǰ۷ΪԼɣɽҲһС
Ƿأŷ찡ʱƷҲˣڴһܣȻô۷Ϊʮλŵͣǻȥˡ
ô˵飬ǽˡ
ǲûлɷѣΪڷֵһ˲䣬ؼĻ֮Ѿʼ𽥵ɢλŶΪ֮Ȼܹоõ
Ѵ˿˴󹦣ò˶ãɽֳһµˡ
ҡ˶ԷΪȻЦ
ʮλŷ׷׶Էף֮ǰǴûùڣڣѾˣܹʵ͵λϣǲĴڡ
ȻûбɽϣλŶ֪ڵɣΪµţѾֻһʱ⡣
ʵѾһ۷ţɾѾʸµţµŵ˶۷壬һӲָꡣ
ģҲܶ࣬ȻѾģռϵϡʯҩĺ
ֻҪѡ
㹻ļҵף㹻ɼʿ㹻Ĺ׵㣬ôȻܹˮһĳΪµţ
Ȼͨ嵽µţҪǿľԷڵƺҲҪľ
ԣϲѡ
ԣϲɽֽһµš
Ϊµŷ䵽Դǲģ໥֮䣬ҲǾߣͷоģЩͬϣΪµŵļ壬ÿʮ꿼һΣҲֻʮ壬ܹΪµš
öлλţҳ˷Ҳлͻơ
ЦŹ˹֡
ʮһһͬݹ⣬פط˹ȥ
ѾʮĵӶһļ㣬ڸܵϤϢʱڷ
֪֪
ȥʹ˷ʮ£һߴһЦдš
Ŀż㣬ʧ̬ı֣ûмģ֮ҲǸҪƽϢԼڣ˿ϵϢȣƺҪƷ½Ʒͷ
ľңŵʵ˲
ģԺ󲻹ܸʲôҶһ𡣡
ӵ뻳У˵
ڼ¶Цݵʱ򣬷ָѾͬһԷͷһ裬˯˹ȥ
㽻˻üȽ϶úõ˯һ
̾һԼֻü㲻ôģôΣգȴüһֱڼ֮УҪӰ쵽޵֮󣬷Ҳͨˣģһȥ̽ա
٣ҪΪ˱˴˵ġ
ѾʧĻ֮ҲѸɢšû֪ⲢΪ뿪ΪڰռѾ֮һյԵʡ
ȻѾָԭòôŽĹͼ򵥵öˡ
Ϊ˱ʾɵĸлʮŽûκεĶǽȫС
Ĺ׵㣬Ҳȫá
죬㹻ʮµŷֱǧĹ׵㣬ڣΪ֮ǰѾ̵㹻Ĺ׵㣬ԽȫС
ǶĺôĺôǷɱ֮ŻеģʮλȻСز
ȻȻҲÿ˶ʼϵģռ䣬Ȼҹĸűϵ
ǲϵĺʮλ죬ʼ˽⵽顣
һ֮󣬸λŶԼĵӻصԼɽţûɽӵһϯ֮صļ壬صɽĳָĵطȴһĵ
һ㲻̫ҲǼѡ
ʱɣѾ뿪˱ǡ
ԼߵķЩԺ
˯˶ãԺʡ
šһµʱɡ
еƣ΢ЦǸոմӱǻɽһʱפ㣬ҲûԼɽŵļ壬ʱȻǰȥμһ񡣡
ԭ
㿴ŴİʣΪʲôһ˯ôã
֮ǰ̫ѾҪӰ쵽Ϊ˯һᡣ
ͷº͵ĵԺ󲻹ܸʲôҶᾡĺһ𣬻ǵ˵仰𣿡
ЦȻصĵ˵ͷ
ǰڷߣʲôܹҰġ
ôǵ󵽵ôģʡ
ǵ˶Ŭÿʮռܹں̵ܶʱڣǾͽ򶼸ɣ֮Ȼͻˡ
õ˶ٹ׵㣿֧˷ܵĵ
ܲ١ǻ˲Ĺ׵㡭ȻΪɶûкǲõôĹ׵㣬ټϰƽ޶ӵĹ׵㣬ڵĹ׵㡣Ц
ô࣡ԾʣǲǿԳΪµˣ
ôסЦ֪ΪµţҪٸ׵𣿡
٣ʡ
һ򡣡ޱĵ

ҲЦţֵʱҲһҡ˽͵ǣһΪµţÿ¶ܹòƵԴܹʯǶ˵ҪĶȻ׵üΪµš
Թ׶ȸһ㣬Ҳġ


269 С
µеűС׼ˣȻµеţҲֻҪһǧĹ׶ȣֻҪĶʮȻµŵģҲ˺ܶࡣ
ͬʱƷһͷǳѹ׬Ĺ׵㣬϶ԴˣһֱɵʵһķʸϾʱԵĶеżĶ֣ʵ˵ĻֻǸɽϺȡ
˵Ҫ鵹˺ܶ࣬׵ҲһĶˣôֻҪϵĻܹ׵ˣŬһ㡭ϰ֮ڣܹʸμӽءֵĵ
һļҪµţҪ೤ʱ䣿֮ʡ
Ҳʹҡˡҡɣɽչģ໨ǧʱ䣬ǵٶȣѾǷǳĿ

߰ɣȥߣȻֻʱפ㣬ҲһЩöģ˶ɢȥˣѰҸֿʯҩģܹҵһЩĲϣ뷨Ҳǵʵǿһء
ͷ߳ʱӣ㿴ſĴ֮գĺһڡ
ǰһֱ˵ɽɽ磬ˣǲ֪ɽȫòʲôӵġ̾Ϣ
ǰĵطֻɽһӴ㣬ڴĵطֻһʱפ㣬ҲֻɽһС֡ɽ磬ľôݹ𣿡
һ׷Բԣͷһ¯ҩͷ̧ͷЦţʵǵĽ¾ɽֻɽһֶѡ
ǰҳķҴ壬ҲǷɴ½һ֣ҴӷҴ߳ɴ½Ҳǻ˺ܳʱ䣬Ҫɽ磬ҲҪܳʱŬɡ
ӶҩʦЦүӣҿºܸ߰
ͷ̧ͷȻˡǰڶңһЩ׽ϴ貹˵ҩʵҩɽ֮󣬾ǻҩǱؼҲ˺öҩķӣͷһҩҲûָ߼ȻǾ
ЦүڵĻиżһͬҼ뷽ҵҩʦʦ̬
ڶңǼܷȻ˷֮ȴ˷Ļᡣ
ҩʽЩ֮ͷǣޱȵĳԣֲƽϱɣֳһּ״̬
ÿ˶ŬףĹ׻ɷٵķչš
Ȼĸ޵ĸȵĳΪµţȻֽƶҪȷ
µŶģڳΪµ֮󣬶ضϸĽƶȣÿӶԼĹ׶ȣȻͨ׶ɽԴǿԼʵ
ڼ䣬»λȡɵĽƶҲҪźá
֪õƶܹ𵽶õģǿšһŬͬһĿ꣬ǵµ֮󣬿϶ٳԴ
ڼȻҶ飬Ҳ̫
˼ʱɵפ⣬ͻȻһ
üͷ̧ͷȥͿǰկе˹
ôˣʵ
ϴ󡭡ŶţҺͼүһȥѰҿʯҪǵģֵں˶أҾͻȱˣĵ
Ӵ˰ɣŶҺһء
ţȻͼһۣͬʱ˵ʱðɢȥ֮ҵʿٵ顭
ý̫ˡҺ㹫ȥͺá
Ц
˵ͷͼɾǷͼǿȥʲôܽġ
·ͼ㰴ָķ򣬷ɱ˹ȥʱפ㣬ΪкܶĴڣǲеģ˵ܲͷУҲû̫Ĳ
ɵפأһɽ֣͵һƬԭ֮ϡ
һҩɽĹǣѰҲҩȴժȡûгҩģҲǰԤǿ˭ָ졣
ɽǱɵҩʦǾͲ˺ܶˣϾڷɴ½ϵľ飬ϡ
ҪҵոճõҩģͲôףһ죬òҵһոճģҩϵ٣û֣ͱһ˸ˡ
٣ǰүǾѾˣӣƾʲô
ͼոոϵһš
ȻԪ׵
ԪҲһݵˣԵĿͺΪǲ֪ءĲòժҲԤٸոճ죬ͱǷˣƾʲô
Ӵû뵽ӾȻ֪Ĺءǲ֪ĹذɣƬפ㣬ֻҪǿϵģûߣ
òõü˵һԵú޳ܵĻʱΧΧ۵ˣȴûһ˵ġ
Ʒʵˣ治ʲôƲ硣
ۿԪҪ˵ʲô˲ͷ̤ǰһȻٲĻҲˡ
ٴչһԼ޳ܣȻ֣һƾͽֻƷʵԪףô˳ȥ
ɫһ䡣
룬ǲԪ׽ݹ˲źͶԷ˳ͻڿԪ׼ֱ޹ͷСһ
Ȼ֪ĵط˰Եļ˶ûһͷģҪôʵǿҪôűȽǿĿɽȻ
ǸӪģ˶ãԱҲȥ˶ãķҲޱȵıҡ
ѧԺֵطҪֱӸɵ¾ܿķԸУҲһЩӵġ
ԪױԷһƴɣԪӭȥֻʵԪײ࣬ԲǶԷĶ֡
ֵȻҲǹģƬҩ︽ɵĵӣ󲿷ǰҵӵܣһӵϣȻԷƺ࡭
ǧ˴˷ð˳׷šʲô˸Һ˿ԡ֮Ļɴ˴ĵǣȫΧ
һٶƷƷˣǱһǧ󲿷ƷˣôɵҲҪԴ
Լ˶࣬òõʿǳ࣬ûУԪ;·硣
ǿɽĶԵֶζᣬǴˡǸûǰ;ģҿǻǼ˿ɣ٣ѧһЩ涫
һ߳һЦҿһٶ˵ʵҲԣ˿հڣ¶˵ǰеŵŵܵܣܿҪµˣʱǰ;
ԭ׼ֵģ⻰ɵȻʧЦ
ѹֻôζ״ƣԭǺҪСܰ
ɽΪҲһЩСһֶ
׼֣Ԫʱһ쳹ӲԶ˹
ޱվҩܵɫͬʱһ䣬Ȼͬʱ֣һεסҩҩﲻƻ
Ŀһۡѵǲô໥֮ĶŹǲܣǲƻҩ
ڷ˼ʱֳԭ͵ĺ֪ʲôط˳Ȼһƨɾս֮ڣִİһһӣΧɵӵǧɣĴҷɣ


270 ôͷ
һƬռ䣬ȻֻΪûнµŵļפأȻǻʲôκһ½Ҫ˺ܶࡣ
ټҷļ塢ɽԷ齨ļ壬ȻЩеϵеĵӣʵͣͲǰȴҲûʸߵȼɵ£ѡԼɣɽĴڡ
ļ塢ɻʲôģҪЩļǿö࣬ϾʦΪɽʦҲϣԼҵĵܹΪµŵţҲܹø
£ڼפУɵɵİɡʲôģҪӵǿԵһЩ
ҩִ£ֻάһĴ򣬶ڼĳͻκεĸ棬ʱȻֳԭ͵ĺƷʵԼĴƽǧΪ˿ԱȵõҷɣѾ˽ʵִ£ȴֻǳֻסҩҩеҩĲܵʧ
ɽ磬ȼѹƣҪڷɴ½ӵ
֮ǰƷһ˾ѹסϰɵĵӣڣƷһ˾ѹסǧ˿ĳԱ
ֳԭ͵ĺɣһƾܽʮ˿ĳԱҷɣȻҲһЩûɱ֣ȴҲһƬѾõ˿Աǽͷö
ɣȻҶ˿ĳԱ֣ʵߵƷǱĶ˺һƣĺٲס֣С㣬ʱΪūѣ
ŭˣŭˡ
Ϊ֮һǴβ㱻Ҷ֮⣬ʲôʱв
һ͵ֱ֣ӾץСӣȻвҺͰˣ㻹Ҳҷƨ
ĿʼŭĺҲʲôſѪڣ¶ҪƷɸĳˡ
źϴŵˮԼһɳζɾһŵ˹ȥ
ϧǣΪ֮屾ܶʧҪιȥУֻĿԼ͵
Ȼȫסˣȫ޷
ʱһִ³ˡ
һ̧һ͵ĸ첲ִ΢ЦλѣפϽɱ
һ£Ȼͽʵִ±ԶԶ磬ֻס֡
Ȼɵɴ۾ɣŭǸղǴɵĵأ
һ£ִܴ΢Ц
תתȻʵҲ˵ˣ
ִ΢Цŵ˵ͷȻջԼ
ǺǵЦȻ˴ԼŲ˵ϡ
ȻʼԼʵǰƣһһƵĳˣ˳ȥϵķҽС
ִǹȻֻǿţûκεĸ˼
ͷܲҪ̫ݰȻĻ˿ˣ̫á
ǰһץȥƣڵʲôҲδܻŶ
Ա̾Ϣ΢΢üͷ
λ˿Ǹʲôͷ˹ʵ
ʵ˶һۣͬһŵ˿İ˿ĸеŵӰ
УһеŶѣ㲻мĵ
еȻҲ̫˲ĺ̨Ӻ˿ĸףϵŵ˰ο˳ϴǺڣǺڣĴе̫ڵɣ
ס˵ķͼڹ˺һᣬͬʱ̾Ϣ⻹𣿡
ĸڲģϴ̣ϴصȡϵȡеȺµΪʹֵָĿһۣȻ
Ҳ̫ˣЩϴ˼ֻҪʲôɲҪ˿Ҳûʱǵ鷳µʲôģֻҪǲһ̨ûУǾˡһʼ
ͼͬʱЦ
ǸղֻôԶĴȥˣЩ𺳣ֻ۸ͷˣܾܲ
ҪĻҲûʲôǰ;ˡ
ʱ򣬳ڴһϺȡ
ס֣
ԷÿĵĺһͬʱҲоһۻľԼϮ
˼ӴޱһתȻŴͺ˻ȥ
֮⣬Ҳŷͬһɱ
ڿеһסԼĺȻԼ˹ԷǸеͻԼľ磡
Ӳĳ˶Էһ
Էû˺ؿȴһ˿˿ڡ
һ½֮£ͬʱˡ
һĸߴ׳һԼؿƣüͷȻʵҲͷôôС
ʲôԼ촽ʲôܴӮǺôܣ
һƷȻҲţ
׳ЦȻ󣬳ͬϢ׳˿ƣһƷɣĪǾܶԿǣ
ƷĻƷΣ
ͬһ΢һĳ˳ڣ΢ЦеˣɽȻǸйصĵطĳЩʱ򣬻Ҫ˭ȭͷġ
ȷʵˣΪɽһйصģתϵ
ȻڿȷʵйأǾͬһ㣬ȻҲйұķά򣬿ںܶ£Ҫʵġ
ȭͷ󣬾
ڱСյԼͷˣִҲôܣȻֻܿԼȭͷ
ϡƷ
Ʒ׳ͬʱһɬǰȻƷҲӦ˿ͷΪҪǿ

ЦȻתԪ׺Ԫļ
λеĵӡ
ĺļ򣺡λеĿ䡣
Ȼת׳ңɵţڣң㲻ǿ
Ʒ׳ͬʱһĭԭֻһ壬Ȼ忴˲٣һļ嶼ʲô̫ǿʿ⼸ɵҩʦѰҩʱǱҲȷˣȷʵһ̺ܲɣȻ˭֪һɣȻܹӵһƷţ
ŷƷΪǿܹеŵεϵӵĴڰһĵϵӣܹһʱ֮ʸϵż죬Ҫ֪˿ĺ̨ţǵҲûʸϵ
Ʒľ޴ѹҲƷȫû취Կ
ʵ;ϵĲַ࣬ûС
ϾɽÿһƷζǧĿޣĲ࣬ȫѹԵġ
ʱһǿ˷ѹƵĵط׳ͬʱһ
μ
ڳ˿ͬʱһǱѹס׳֮ǰǱޱȵİǣ
΢΢۾£ǵ
˿İôĺ̨ѹһƬаԵҲΪ˵ʵɫɣֻǣǾûôöԸˣ
岢˿ֻҪڣݲκ۸ɵĵӣ


271 ע
ӣһͷɫĳƮݵɢ˫ż
˵λ˿İһЩʡ
ֻǰվŵķȻƽ棬ȻɢƷƣȴ˿ڶԷ֮¡
ţ˿۾һ䡣
ǡ΢΢һЦش
֮ͻضи˿
ν𣿻ȫԿЦ
˫󣬿ʼԽԽˡ
˿İڣԼɵĵӣʼ𽥵˫㼯
ʮɢƣ˿Ҳɵüͷ
û뵽һ¼壬ǰƷͷƷ֮⣬ŮӣɢҲƷΪ
˿ЩɵģǶԷʮ
˿˿ԼİɣȻеŵĵӣյҲرǿϣڶѣ˿ŻפǿԵϣܹһЩ
ֶԵЩСȴ൱Ч
ȫ濪սǵǲ壬ֻ˿΢Ц
ǰһȻǲŷģʲô
ִʱԣȫ濪սΪᲨ
ڵǶһ֮ԣ£δԵöϷ˿
Σݵĥĥ󣬱۸ɵɫµôǶˡͷĵ
Ҳ뿴ڽΪƷ֮Լܹչֳôǿʵ
ЩµŵŽ֣ԼЩ˼ģϾҽҲˣʲô˿İǾûʲôˡ
ϹأСģ˫ʮˣöԿָʤ
˿˵תͷִЦִ´ˣİɣ
ûִµͷ
ǾһԷ޷ǾǾǵļŸսԼֻҪܸɵԷôȻӮ

׼תȥķ˿ЦˣĶԿҪжעġƷʯٿ飬㿴Σ
ڳ˶һǿʯʯֻƷʯȴҲЩûгΪµɵļ壬ȫ޷ӵеĲƸ
˿һһٿƷʯиеɽռϴıˡ
ü
ǿûʲôʯش
˿¶֪˵ЦݣҲΪǡһٿƷʯͻӣˣǾ͵Ӽҵ˿ӮˣһٿƷʯǵġ
˵˿·ǲ˽ƷʯļֵǿһٿƷʯ㹻һٸƷΪƷҲòʮƷΪƷӣѾռˡ
Χ۵Ƿ׷׵ͷȷʵˣһٿƷʯȷʵƷĵҪмֵö࣡һٸƷɻʮƷɣʵɱƷҪöˡ
ף˿Ϊʲôô󷽣
ɵˣ㹻ΪԼӮҪӮˣƷĵӣ˿͸ǿˣ
Χ۵۷׷׵ʱ򣬷ȴǶûУֱӾҡҡͷ
ɵĵӣҵֵܣҲûȨע
˿ŷЦҿɡ
ȴûԹԵĵõӵעҲĶע
ʲôܺƷʯȣ˿Ц
תͷԸһִ¹˹֣λɳԹ׵ΪĻŶٹ׵㣬ܹһٿƷʯ
ִһ£ȻŻشԼһ㹱׵㣬ܽһٿƷʯ
ù׵Ǻѵ飬Ͼһµȥһ˸Ҳܹһ㹱׵㣬Ϊ˻ޣʮλŸмɼȫĸǵĻ֮ĻҲûпܳһͻĹ׵㡣
Ҫ֪һ׵㣬ܹΪµţÿ궼ܹɽôԼһǧʯĲ䣬ԴԴϵĻãôһ㹱׵㣬һٿƷʯҲǼֵࡣ
ִش𣬷˵ͷȻ˿ѹ㹱׵㣡
˶סˡ
㹱׵㣡
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һµţһҲֻõһ㹱׵㣬һļ壬һĸһ˵ֻõǧ㹱׵㣬Ҫýŵһ׵ҪǾ͵ó񼸰ٴβܹﵽԶ˵Ļ۹̣Ƿǳġ
׵㣬˿Ҳûôࡣ
һӾҪĹ׵㣬ܹӮĻ
˿ЩˣĺģǰŵʱںڳˣҲ֧ʲôֻܴԼĻͷʯôҲֻ߰˰ٿ飬ΪһţҲ˲ʯʵͷģҲֻٿͷʯѡ
ڼȼʯǲԴһ飬һ顣
ĻͼƲıԵ
ӮأôΪµŵʱ䣬ͻ̣
㹱׵㰡˿Ҫʮ񣬲õĹ׵㣡
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߻ֹ
Ͼÿγ֮󣬾µġ
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̽鵽ɡ
һָԼ˹ȥ
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ٿʯͷȻԼµӸŬΪףûеĻǿտڰ׻ЩԼĴռĵ
ûʯ˿ͳΣͻᱻҡ
Ͼ뿪ŵʱǹһˣֻߣ⼸ӣĴŵռĵӣܹôʯԶ
Ļ
ʱ֪ûٿʯ
˿ҧҧջͬԼ
ô˿ţһ·ɸѹסĻƾʲô쵼˿ƾʲôһƬפгưԣ
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ţִм˿ɣýСģļ˫ʮ˽֣սķʽ˫ȷɱ˫̣עΪ㹱׵ٿƷʯʤ߿ȫãͥΪ֤Ѻ޻ڡλţӡ
˵ִⷬ±ħһóһֽղ˵ǷֽϣȻõ˷˿ǰ
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˿ҲԼİ뿪ˣģһȺ˷ܵˡ
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˿Ҳ̫ˣû˴ѹһ£ǵӣ»ù


272 һҪӮ
Ѿˣ˿⴦פصĵͷߡ⴦פռʮϰٸﳤפһһķչţһֱҲల£ԴӼǰ˿￪ʼ׳֮ӾЩѹˣ˿ǿĺ̨ǵİ˿Ҳ۷ΪмļܹԿԼĺӵ
ѹֻôԵƹǣҲǿ㹻֣Ҫ£һ˰ɡЦ
˿ܹôУǿ֮⣬˿ӵ۷ʵҲһܴأ棬ǶҪ£ܴŵʵ˵ǶԶԶĳԽһļ塣
Żʮ˵СΧԿδŵĶ֣ԿҲû˶࣬СΧԿǿܻռһЩϷ硣
Щǵĵ˵˿˿۷ĺ⣬»ĸƷĻʮƷĺĸ֣ⷽ棬ǿǲԷġ
ָֺͷšǰλɼսʵҲֻ߸ˡ
߸˴˵൱ǿġλȻƷɣȻ㹻츳ԶԿƷɣǰʵԶһƷ֮ϣǸ˿Ӯ
㹫ֻƷʵǿĲƷڿ˵뿪֮Ʒûˣʮ˻սĻλܴܺѹнüͷ
ǾҪķʽʲôˣ˵ʮһһ취峡ûġ
սķʽҲˣһ˵Ϊ֣һ־ʮһϳȻսһʮһһ˭ʤʸߣ֮ǳԿһ̨ƣӮ˵ĿһֱȥһֱĳһȫʧΪֹ
߲ʵǻƫģֶսʽǶвĵطֺ֮
̨ƵĻ˿ҵ׸㹻ĲҩûУڱУȻҲ㹻ʱǵϢ
һһĻڶҪעһ£ǿ϶Ҫ˿ϵģôǻƷܹ¶ԷǻҪĳǰһģҪˣ϶ԷƷɣ÷ֵļʻǷǳߵġ
ǻսĻҲҪһЩŵĹһӡԽǵȫ
Ҳ˵սӮ̨ӮСһһĻҪ󡣡
šڵǣǲ֪׻ѡ񡭡Ȱ˵ɡЦҡǰλ㡢ֺԪסԪᣬʮ˳ս
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˵ȻҪǣ˶۸ˣ𣿲ܣĶԿˣҲҪǸ˿ҲҺʲôͻ
ƬפأҲǻҪϺܳʱ䣬ȻҪñ˲۸ǣ㸶һЩۣҲԩ
ûֻ۸ˣڱ۸ͷˣܲ𣿡
ɽƷɣҲҪɵ
׼ɽĵһսÿͷУ
ҹˣפɵƻͨһǣЩʱѡϢǣ²ս
Ǹɵô󣿾ȻҺ˿Կ
ûҸ㣬ҲǺǵģʮɣ˿ҪӴöˣǵǸţȻò˵ӣȴҲ۷Ϊɲһܹӵеʵҿ˿Ҳײˣ
þûİɶԿˣ֪᲻жľְ˭Ӯ
Ӧû˿ɡȻɿ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ۷Ϊ첻ŵ˫߲ĶԿʮʮ˿ʮأɻǵ̲㣬òôǻսһһ̨ǶռƣǸòˣһ˾ܹɨе֣ȻĻѡ
˵еĽ׶༪ٰϧˣ㹱׵㰡
ʵ˵˭ӮˣǶкôġ
ŶԸꡣ
밡˿ˣȻܳһڶǸɱϾļ壬Ҳûʲôͺ̨ʵǿҲ˿һѹǡ˿Ӯ˵ĻǱĹ׵Ͳˣ׵㣬Ϊµŵʱ䣬Ҳ̫ˣʱΪµţȻͲ⴦פǲҲܼտ
ֹȻǶȶأν֣⴦פصһˣ
Ȼߣȥȼ
һҹʱ䣬ôĹȥˡ
ɫʱ򣬾ǣʼǰ
ãΪٷĶԿأģҲΪС
פرԵһɽУ˵ûκε֮ӯҲ˵սֻʹñķͷõҩָ
Ļûе̵ļ˵ȻǷǳƽġ
ȻҲûʲôƽģ֮ĶԿ˿˭ĸָ֮⣬Ҫ˭ĵ̸ȻӵиĲҩⷽԷҲûʲôñԹġ
ɽһƬԲʮĿյأǽֵĵص㣬⴦صĪĽƣڴ˴֣ܵԪĸţ˫ķҲƻΧȥ
ҪǣһҪʧȥֿĶԷɱֵʱڳĽͻԶֹʤһɱ֡
ɽϣеļɶսȴҲԸսʲôˣϾÿŻɽȻܹѹסĸ磬άɽ档
ɽܹܱ߸綼Ϊٮٮߣģơ
ϵǿӿ֣ȻܹϵᵽԴʵҲ᲻ϵ͡
˴פصִ£˴˴άΰġһ˫ʮ˵ĴƴҲпܵѡ
פˣ˿ɵĵӡԽԽ࣬Ĳա
ҿ˵벻⣬ȻĻ˶ֳһȽѵ顣
չأ˫ܹɽڵģֻʮߣˣ˭ܽɽ֮ڡ
գ˿ɽһ˫׵ƷʯΪעʤ߿ɻȫע棬ɽҲͬľ֣ǵҩʯҩġ׵㡢ʯΪעۺ˫ʵ˿ȡʤһһȡʤһһ
ִһεʱе˶ˣǵȴľһ̣ȻʲߣȴҲˣȻиʵģǾǶıȷ֣ǶĶսķʽеĿԸͣȴǸߡ
չ˴ζľ֣һɣʤһ
Ļýɽڵķͼһۡ
פϰٸ壬Ȼ󲿷ּ嶼ӵôӣȻҲһ㶼ӵңҲ˵ϰȻ󲿷ǵͼˣҲʲôöô˵ĶעҲһ޴
ֻӯһɣҲɵõޱȳķչ
һҪӮĬĬĵ


273 ĳ
ڶսķʽ˫Լִ³
ΧͶע棬ҪִȥֻҪԼͶעˣλִ´еֻά򡢾ʽԼ󷢷Ž
Ҫս
˿üͷҪ̨
ûͬԷҪ𣿡ִʵ
˿ͬʱҡͷ
Ǿѡ֡
ִƽʮһһ˫űϣһĽ֣ųһ֣õּΪʤ˳ս
Ϊ˳ս
ʮԿֻоųǿָѡģ˳սȻͻᴦƣԷܹһøаյϳ
Ϊսߡִ»ش
ƲƲ졣
ûʲôĻھͿԿʼˡȻӵкܶʱ䣬˷ʱ䣬ǿɳܵġ
˵һ仰ִ¾ƮȻգȴűĿʼ
˿ЦĿŶԷ˫ʮ˶ѾȻԷȻ߸ΪĵӣˣƷûУ֣ѾС
Ҳ˵߳УֻҪõ־ˡ
ԷţֻһƷԼһ߻ĸƷô㣬õ֣׾ٵ顣
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ڶʱֵĴԴ÷¶ԾŴͣ
֮ǰĶľ֣ʲôԽܵģѺעĶҲ廨ţʯָߴϵȻУȻָĹ׵㡢ҩġʯһǳµ
й׵㵹ǲ࣬ϾѺעĶԼˣ׵һ˵Ǽڼ߲㣬ۼһͬµŵȻ˴ѹԼĹ׵㡪ڹ׵ϣɻ㡪⻹ȫǴ˿ġ
˿Ҫһʣ׵Ҳȫѹ˱ʤ棬ľ֮˿ﶼ˵ԭ֮һ
ɫҩɫʯЩչԼפܹѰҵģԻ϶ЩΪɲֿͱҩʯˣڵפﶼˣֻǧ㹱׵㣬ɲֿʮֹŽЩҩʯȫװ
ҩʦʦǽҪˣôҩĺͿʯǱøǿһЩɡЦ
û⡣
ҩʦʦǶϲüңЩսԱ˵ʵҪľǲϵƵҩⷽľԽḻԽܹƳõĵҩǿ
һ˵ķսԱȻս𲻵ʲôãȻһ˵ȴ쳣Ҫġ
УķսԱȴˡ
Ϊɵ󲿷ƽЩƽкܶͶСˣڷİɣȴҲû̫սֻⷽͨϵƺʹĥԼļա
֮ǰɲûôҩĺͿʯԺܶ˶Ե÷ǳ£ڣ֮ء
˽ҩĵص㣬ռ棬Ȼøã˽ʯ״ص㣬ھ棬ȻҲܹøɫ
һڲμչʱ򣬳սԱҲһֵҩʦʦķսԱΪ˻øԴ
֮ǰⷽǺܳԿģڣ㹻ֲϣҲʼѸٵĽԼĽɫʼѸٵĻⷽľ顣
˽ĳҩĵ֮󣬾ͿʼѰң˽ĳֿʯص֮ͬʼѰңڽʼԼѸչ
Ϊ㹻֣פأѰҵĸֲϣҲʼԽ˳
һУִ¶ԭֻ⴦פؼеһչֳ㹻ǱʱҲʼܶ˵ע⡣
ɽ³ֵļ壬󲿷Ǹɷ֧ģ˿Ĵڣ֣ɷԶģ֮١
ɷļ壬𲽽׶ǲά裬֣𲽽׶ξѾ㹻Ļۣ˵ǰδС
һעԶǰ̵õĳЩעȻԵޱȻ
Դˣɵĵǲ֪Ȼɽ磬ҪȫĶôܣ
ûܹ棬Ҳûĸܹȫĵȥ
ɷչԽ죬ҪѡʱҲԽĽӽ


277 ǵ׷
ʱһһĹȥ
£ҲʼһһĶȹɽӡ
һʱ䣬ͻӵȻͻһֵǰȥÿζܻǧĹ׵㡣
ⷽ棬û̫ݾߣֻʱĥÿγܻջ
Ź׵һһĵҩһһ࣬ԽԽĵӿʼɽϵıÿɵˣϣš
һõʱ⡣
ûûйĶǣûжĽƽϣûСеģֻһһĻۡ
Ҹãɳ
һһеļ壬һӵнӽʮӣ׶Ƚӽһ򣬲ֿеҩÿ˶ӵԼĶ壬ɣʮʱ䡣
ѾǼٶˡ
һ˵ܶһҲܹһĹ׵㣬ÿγõʱ䶼Ƚ٣ÿλõĹ׵ҲҪ࣬ǽʮ꣬ѾӽµŵĹģ
˵ʮʱ䣬ȷʵ㳤
ϲţΪµŵţϲɺء
һ޳ˣԷֵ
ԬֿˡЦ
ˣΪԬҵǳŵ
Ҳһ³ļ塪ֻ£ҲԶԣƬפأѾ˽ʱ䣬Ҳſﵽܹµŵˮ׼
ʮһڵĽµŵʱ䣬бİ취Ǵ׼һʮѡˣһפֻһܹţҪͷֵɾһûʲôġԬҵЦ
Ŷİ취Ȥ
ɽʮ꣬Ѿ˽⵽˺ܶ顣
µţ˵㹱׶ȵ˾ܹȥģĲ
һӲԹ涨ǣˣ۷壬ʸΪµŵš
Ժܶɵӵܣڴﵽ۷壬Ϊʵԭ޷ʱ򣬶ᱻų齨µļ壬ɵǱ
Ŀ֦ɢҶŻôɱԽԽǿ󣬶Щ³µţڽ͵ĹУҲ͵Լȥ˶
ʵӲԹ涨֮⣬һǣһפذٸ壬ÿʮֻ꣬һܹɹĽ
кܶļ壬׶ҲˣʵҲˣȴܹΪµţ£ܶӶͶ£ͼǰ̡
ʵ൱ļ壬ĻţµſеĻҲõһֵʯʯͻǿµӵʵͼԼлµš
ЩСֲһΪ
Ԭҵȴ˵бİ취ɵò÷ú档
һС壬£ȴǳڳལϵŵġÿ꣬ϵžһԸµ齨ļ壬Ϊµţ²ţûѾŵˣǳšԬҵЦ
ԭˡ˵ͷĻˣк̨ǺðһЩͲ֪Ԭҵĺ̨˿ĺ̨Ρ
ལҲǽڵһ֧ʵϣɽ磬ǧϴ̣ţԼͬɳһţ޲ǷֱĴͳ죬ĴڵλɾҲɽǿλͳߣ֣˿˿ȻֻһССļ壬ȻǱϾ̫ڵķ֧ûк̨Ļº֧ȥԬҵɫ
ŶԭԬ˵͵ġЦ
Ԭҵɫȷʵ˵͵ģ˵ǣȴԷԼǷǳģܹͶ뽣£٣ڽפѡУ˿Կ
˳˼
ʮɷչȻܿ죬ȻƬפϣҲûЩɫļ塣
˿һǿĶ֣ȻʮǰǳľУӮ˿ȻȴСģĶԿѡεʱǿɵĶԿ
˿ϴεķ粨֮Ϊŵļʱ֧Ԯ˿ͷֶ˺ܶԴ˿ҲѧˣʯԴʹ˳ȥѸٵԼڵӵʵȻƷֻĸˣµƷȴѾ֮ǰʮڵϰٸ
൱ֲһ
أȻʱ䷢չúܿ죬ȻʯԴȴ޷õģԳ˶ʮƷ֮⣬߶սֻɡ
ĶԿУ⽫ɵһ׶ˡ
Ҵ˴פأҲֻ˿һ֡
ڵɣԷڵİţⶼ൱ǿļ壬۷ţɼĺʮλܵϣֻˣǴӺ˵ȴԶԶɡ
к̨ûк̨
ȻṩԴҪܴĴۣȻܹΪµţϼ˵ȴ޴ĺôϾһµţͶһȶԴ
£ûк̨ļҪЩ徺ȷʵᴦһַǳӵ
˳˼Ԭҵ֣˵Ѿ˽⵽ɵΪɷǳǱԸΪལŵĻôһ㹻ԴṩɣɵϣԲѷɫɡź˿ܹɹõĻҲдԴѾǷǳźˡ
Ц
Ԭ֣лལܹңǲ˵Ļ֮ǰѾˡ
Ԭҵһ㶡
ںͷڣƵ˼Ҳ֪ΪʲôɻΪġֻԬ֣һѡֵһͬӼ𣬶ǽĳеŵεϵӣΪǲ뱻κá
Ԭҵ˵ʲôֹ̧֣ԬҵĻȻףɽ磬ûк̨һѵ飬Ȼұɣѵ׷Щ𣿡
ЩԬҵ΢΢Ц
ܳΪˣƳƳУȻҪһЩ飬ܹ˼һЩ
ǵģҵڶ֪ԼĿʲôɱǿ±δػҶôĿȻɱǿ̣ȴҷǳȤģȤȺˣһŬԴȪ
Ԭ֣лĺ⣬ɵǰ;룬ԼΪá
˵ϣԬҵ֪Լ˵ʲôҲκεĽչ
ֻź̾һȻֵĺ飬ֻһֱȥǷֻɣǶ̫ˡ
Ӵɽ˵ɣֻһССĳѡ
΢Цǲ࣬ûǲ٣ôǾһһЩǶ˼ɡ
ԬҵҲ޻˵
𣬶Էһ֮Ԭҵ뿪ɵפء
Ԭҵ뿪ıӰ¶΢Ц
Ⲣһ˵ĶרУʮǰİţһ˱˼֮ɵĵӣһͬ˼
ɵǵʵɢͶţûʲô⣬ȻһÿˣʧȥԼĶԣפشôãһ㡣
ڣǵѡǱԼĶԡ
ǱԼĶԣɱԼĶԡ
Ƴ緽˵ѾˣЩ˼ôôʱ⣬Ҫأ
⣬ǵ׷󰡡
ֻԼƶУһһǰ
Ҳĳһ죬Ǵﵽ۷ʱǻıĳЩ
ڣԸһһǰ


278 
ھµѡλһʱ䣬פأʼ𽥵ı
ָ֣ǾдɵʹߣפأԼķ֧һЩʡ
ȻǲƽģɽȻҲƣǶڲƴֵĴ˵Ǿ㸶һĴۣҲԼ֧ļһЩ֧Ԯ
ȻֱΪźõǰ;кܴԳΪµŵļ壬ֵôĸ
ڵġڵġ̫ڵġͽûˣΪפõĳţѾһĽȻҪ˷Դ
Ҫ˵ɵĵǲĽ飬ǲܵģȻҲ֪Щ֧֣ģԼĶԡ
ҲǲԸĶ
õ֧Ԯٶ࣬ҲԵȻ֮
ҪѾǧңʮ־ܹеһңսԱҲܹԼס
ڱĵطû֧ԮôֻԼ취ɵƳ˶֮⣬ǾǴӷɴ½һЩǷǳõġ
ҪڶΪǴɱ
ϵĸ죬ʦǣȻû˺βĴʦȻβ뿪֮ǰ罫Ҫ췽˴ʯ֧Ԯ֮ɵʦڲϵУܹʹõĿҪ
ȻҪḶ́鶴ɵģû֪Ѿӵֲ
˵ǴŲӵģϾʦҪɲô׵飬ɣȴһ⡣
һҿҪ˷вô֮⣬ԿУʮƷԼķôһϣܹԿһƷɣ
ǧҿҪ͵һǧƷɵս
ɵսһǳ޴ӡ
Ȼϡ٣ǼսĶʵ
ټɵĵǶŷḻս飬÷ӵ㹻ĵ
ѡսǽһٸȫͶ뵽ĳսУȻ໥ģʤߡ
ʮһΣȻԾܾμѡΣԼʵõĻ
ʮǰɲμӹһΣǴɲûͶҪջ˶֣Ͼɵɼĸ֣̫һЩ
Щнɼ˵ļ߸ɼʿԵЩˡ
ȻǧҿҪͶǧƷɵս˿ɿһս
š
ڻ㱨ſҪʱнĴפ˹
ʲô£
΢΢üͷнԸڶгӣǳʲô顭
йˡ
֮нʹ˵һ䡣
ڳɸ߲㶼סˡˣɽ磬ѵʲôˣ
Ц
ǿ˵лǺβүӣʡ
Ҳ¶˻Ȼɫ
ǿ˵С
нٺٵЦڷӪʱͺͿ˵йϵ൱Ĳڹʮ꣬˵оȻ͵͵˹ȷʵ
˵гפڵʱ˶ܵˣʵ
ʱ뿪ʱ򣬿˵ƷΪҲУ֮⣬Ϊߵĵӡ
أչֳƣѾƷΪ
Źȥʮ꣬˵ͻʮ꣬ѾΪƷɽ磬Ƿǳټˡ
ѹܹΪڵ߼ʶĵ֮һ
פṩ֧Ԯеи߲֮⣬ҲһЩͬϵǰ;ĵӣᱻųʶһ¡
ҵʱģȻֻµɣȴڵС֧ԴҲʶһ¡
֮󣬿˵ЦΪԼѾˣû뵽㡭ȻѾƷˣܹļȻǸܵķ
ˡ
΢ЦܹƷǻ޴Ļ֮ʮÿγҲٴޣϧûһܹȻջ֮ʵҲһȴԶƷɼ
ܹڳҲǷǳĿ㡣
šɵմӣҲǺܲģҹƺܿҪĳеˣչأͣӵƷʵǿԽĳеŵ洫ӵġ
˵е˵ͷ͵͵ģû̫ʱ䣬Գ˵
Ϳ˵ɡнЦ
ɵϵӣһõʮƷʯǿĲ࣬ʮÿҲһٿƷʯšЩɻá
˵֮󣬿˵оʹӻͳһȻݸ˷
ǧƷʯ⼸ʮġ˵ƽĵ
ޡ
ЦǵøŬһЩܳĽȣعɰʯ˸İգɽµŵУ
˵µŽеţҪӵ𣿡нͷʵ˵ϾҪȥеˣҪϵţʱ˵Ѿȥء
ѵģʵһ
͵µţԴ͹׶ȵֶΣֻ˺ܶ࣬ȻĻ֮ǰ֪ģµһܹʯǧ飬˵ĵϵһ¾ܷ䵽ʮ飬⿿ǵԴ䣬ôܹ
ġ˵Цŵ˵ͷҾͲٴȥˣţڴܹǲսһ졣
Ŀ˵еļû˵ʲô
ɻܾɵձ࣬ȴܾ˵еĹס
Ȼ˵ѡһ·˶֪˵Ȼɵһӡ
ҪԼʮʯɣһƴҲûеľΪһ㡣
˵뿪ˣǴ
ǧƷʯҪúõһ
ֺн硢סԪסԪᡭ
ʮ˵֣ԷӪףԪԪᣬټֺͷʮˣԱ䵽һٿƷʯǶƷ
򱻷һǧƷʯܹƷ
ʣµһǧƷʯǴƷĵУѡһǧˣǳΪƷ
һֱʱɵĿܣ𽥳͡
Ʒ
Ʒ
ֺʮˣʮƷ
ʮƷ
һǧƷЩˣս
ĽṹȶģҲʺϵġ
ӵһǧƷǷҴ塢޼Ҵ塢ҴԼҵӵܣǵʸɫǰ;ҲӵԶ
˵еĵɵʵӵǿȻɳǿģԺͬ͵͵ǰĺβ
βͿ˵һԸĳڵĴǰģͿ˵вͬǣβǸڵĴǰġ
֮ϷóģΪص㣬ϷģֱӾڡ
βԼĺӣĵ
֮£ǧϴ̡
ȻϴУʮĽɡ
ڣеһ
ȻβʵԲֻƷȻֵλȻɣȴʵǿ˵֮
ΪһָĴʦβⷽҲѸٵĵõá
ϷȻǸͨĵӣȴҲڶˣβĵ


279 ս
βĶɵĵӶеޱȵ˷ܡ
ûдʲôʯǰʮ󶥼УڡҩڡڣǲĴͳģɵĵӣ鲼ɽ磬սһ˵ûУȴû˻᲻ǡ
󡭡ϵĿԱһųȻĵλ
βδģʮоĴɱ
ÿҪһķ
˶һ
ҪǿѾɵʦоˣҪʮƷܹһҿҪҿҪܶԿһƷ
ѾǺ˲ĳɼˣһ˵ϰٸƷ֣һ޼ģпܶԸһƷ
ҪʮƷܹԸһƷ
϶˵һǳ˲ĳɾ͡
βģܹøĿҪһİ취
һֱβ뿪֮ɵĸ߲㣬ɳ˳Ծ֮С
ͬʱҲڵȴţʦǵĻ
ڳˡ
úϸܹøĿҪһӹɵġ
ʦԾǺβһӣŵʮҿҪһ𣬾ܶԿһƷҿҪһ𣬾ܶԿһƷҲ˵ǵĿҪܹǵսԱʮƷ⣡
ġܹŪ̫ˡ
нһ໰Ȼˣȴϲüҡ
ѡξҪʼǰϦϢһһ
ǿ˵УɶʮƷɡ
βĿҪϷٸɴʮƷɵս
һֹ
ʱܹŪĲϵĻܹҿҪÿҿҪ͵ɶһƷʿ
ڼĶԿУ쳣Ҫģ
ڣǿʼ׼ɡֿﻹвٵĿʯϣҹеĿʯõҲҪ㳲ˣ⴦פػвٵĿʯɵģܿɵģȫɳʱȲȥѰҩʲôȫľѰҿʯ棡
ҿҪǾܶһƷսʮҿҪǾܶһƷսңǾܶһƷȥŬɣѡλһʱ䣬һҪһԴǿǵʵ
ĶԱ
ڽһʱɣȳһϯפأͬʱϵõҩȥʯڲμӿʱ򣬷Ҳ鶴콫˶˹ȥȻѰһпõĿʯ
ɵ嶼Ƿˡ
ҪôʯʲôҲѾһأ
ЩҪõҩʯļ壬һ͵Ц˵¶ɵƣһ߿ĵͬĽס
Ҫ֪ѡΣһƬûκ֮ĵطչʱһʵģսʵ֮⣬ǷӵиĵҩҲһҪأ
ӵиĵҩĵսоָܹ֧ãҪ֪ͬĶԿУľ˭ҩøֵ֧࣬øá
ڼѡУÿʧȥսĵӶһʱ뿪սأҲ˵ЯĵҩûصԼУҲûģƴģֻǴѡ
ǺܿĵģԼĲõĿʯɽ˵ҩ
ǵĵҩԽ࣬ɵĵҩԽ٣ʱսϣȻ͡
Իǰ;ȻܸˡΪ⼸ζţһǺܿصĶ֣Ѿǰ˳ᡣ
Ƕɡź˿пܳΪµŵļ˵ɣһֱһͷ۵Ķ֡
ǵĶֲǺܶ࣬ȴܹСģĶԿУ˿
ǵڶ࣬Һġ
սսϣһڶޱģͬʱÿӵܶƺӵŷḻսļ壬Ǻͷ۵ġ
ȻƺѾԽ廮ֵһʱͻᱻ̭ļȥˡ
ϾǾûˣֻһ;
һֱȥǵ˻ԽԽ٣Ϊû㹻ĵҩ䣬ٶĵӣҲ޷ֺܳʱ䡣
ڽʱɡź˿￪ʼƵĺɽףԼĿʯɵĵҩɵĵҩһ㣬ǵӮͻһ㡣
ΪûڻĵҩҲʼøߵļ۸񣬴չҩ
ȻĴЩߣǺɽ˿Ҳǻһ£ϾͳɹΪµűڵ㸶Ͳʲô
ûеȼļ壬ֻܴפغչлЩϣΪµţһ޴ĵǣܹԴԴϵĿʯܵطȥøԴ
㸶ʲô
ǲ֪ǣΪľ£Ц˴
ԭɵĵҩеһʯܹܹҿҪĿʯڣ׽֮ǽĿʯԽһǧҿҪ
ϱĿʯۣʱռĿʯվս֮ǰݹƣܹҪǧӵǧң
ɵĵǼԿȵڽſҪڵԲ˵ѡпҪܹ𵽾޴ãǽҲܹ𵽾޴á
˿ǲû뵽һ㣬ɽ磬õʦ϶¢ϣʱ齨ļûʦĴڵģҲֻɽƴӷɴ½ɣŻӵôʦ
ԹµѡУûгֹҪƷڣƴģǵӵʵĵҩǷӵиõ
ֻ֮սϳ˿ҪҲ޻˵ܹӵôʦͬҲǼʵһ
ʱһһĹȥ˿ɺͰŵԽԽ㣬Ȼ֪ԷҲźǿʵȻɶԼ㹻š
⴦פصһҪ֡
ɣ˳Ĭ
ںܶ˿׼Ϊһγ׼ˣȻ鶴ڣǧҽ깤ĿҪѾʮ޴ļ塣
鶴ڳӯ֮еɵӣҩģôĴ
ҪǵսϣǾҪӳǵˡ
΢ЦҪǵһƣ鶴죬ͬҲǵһơ
̭սϣȻֱҲһôĽܣǰٶȱضԻһǰƣױȵġ
ڹս֮Уʮظݺ۳ңճɹŤתս֣ѡУҲܹá
ڶ࣬һѸٵжҪһ޵ɺŸ߲Ĳ࣬εѡΣ£ž޴š
Ҳͬž޴š
ΪµţӵԼפأռһ̣ʱɵĵӲԼʵ׳
Ŀ꣬ҲɵĵǵĿꡣ
ϲһɣɵĵһΪ£ӣ𽥵ıӴ
Ҫǣ붫ǼλƷʿҪӣ̫ԶˣȻѾǰɽ磬ôϣܹüǣͬĺԼһҲǼԸ


280 ս
ѡεӣڵˡ
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һͳսΪϰһǰɱһֺѡսĻڣȴıͳս
µĵӣѾ˶ԷƣȻ٣ҲܹԷɱˣսûܹȵǡ
ȥҲɵʤᡣ
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ڳ˰ź˿Ĵ֮ǿʼóЩҪռķʦУĻɱš
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˿ʧҪԴһЩΪڵֵɳͬʱǻֱȥ˰š
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˵֣ʣ԰ŷĽ
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ԼڿһȺһȺֵģԴģѾ׼˷ɵӡ
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ûаŻ˿ĵҪ𷴻ɵĽȻ֮ǰɵһȫ޷ǰĶ֣ȥתӭС
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˿жϣɵһʱͻٵȺӢ
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ֻܸΪսڷսУһ飬˵ĶԿУͬҲһ顣
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ڵ׷ֻйˣʣµʮ޷еĶֶ˳սǵȵʱֹʱģ϶ɡ
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һŵĵѡ˳ս֮ɵĵǣҲصפС
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˿ǱѿĿŷ޲ðˡ
ɺͰ˵ûнɹҲνÿʮһλᣬҲÿζܹģ´Ŭǡ
˿ͱȽϵùˡ
νõ̫ڵĴ֧֣Ǿףϵɵ޷Ĵ֧֣ΪؿڣΪ˿һܹ̫ڲŻôԴ
Ȼûܹ˿ǰ;ǣɣҲܵһЩѡ
뵽˿ɫ͸ѿˡ
ȴںʲô
λǰȥפأʹһ


285 Ѱ·
̫ڸӹļ壬⴦פصľ󲿷ּ壬˷룬ǰȥɵפؽл졣
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죬ʮ졣
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˵Ԭҵʼ̾յ˵µûʸһ֮פصģһ֮أӵеĸԴɱȵСһ½⵱Ȼһ޴ıأٴıأҲҪסС
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ȷʵˡԬҵϿҵĵ֣ڵƬ½ǽڵϵɹϽĻôǺùϵΪã޻ֵʱԼɱɨʱԼǰ浱ڻң
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һȺ߲㶼˿͹ֽ
ֺǺţ㹫Ҳ岻һôˣɴͽˣôţҲǸ°ֶˣ
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Цڷɴ½ϵʱѾˣҪ飬Ƿ֮˵ɡ
ǾһȥǸʲô̩ǣǷȻžʢĻ񣡡
ƴһڣֽе
߰ĽУһȺȫںΣյͽǰ;
̤һƬδ֪֮أפ˵ŷɵӵ񣬾ǿһȺһϾڸ罻֮ÿɥˣɲһС֡
Ͼ磬ҲǳǿΪ棬ǻгͻͻⲻ˻ˡ
Щϵţפڽ֮Ҳܻפģһ԰Ϊڣڣǻøӷٺ»ҲܹЩĵϻøӷԴ֮ģҲǸΣա
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ǵģ̩ĵطȷʵΣգռݵĵ̣ȴִ˺̩ܶ࣬ıԵɽ֮ڵ򣬼ҪʮϵһݣһҲҪʮ
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ҪĴڣǵİȫϵࡣ
һǧƷʯһǧƷΪƷ
һٿƷʯܹһƷΪƷʮƷΪƷ
ʮƷʯ㹻ʮƷ۷壬һ۷ˣͻɵľ磬Ϊɣ
мֵģʵϾʮƷʯ
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ͬʱɽҲܹ𲽵õӵʵġ
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˿ʣֻƷģȻ˴Դȴֻ۷壬Ҫһȴϼѡ
ŽΪһµŵܹõʮƷʯĽͻлɵľ硣
ϧǣ˷
㣬һ顣
һƷʯ˼УȻЦʣµľſƷʯͿԼŬˡ˭ø죬Ʒʯ˭ġ
ҾʮƷʯӦãͻƵƷҲܹиǿõнɫ
ֺ˷׷׵ͷʼշҪ֧
⡭ûɶá
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ɽͨõʵʯȷʵûʲôã෴ɽ֮Ʒ۷壬ģǻ޺ͻ֮
ʮһлͲϵջ֮ڣѾܵѾԼĿҪɵıԵˡ
ʯԼˣҲûʲôã˷ѡ
һֱɶǲѰ·ģǷɴ½ɽ磬ͨõԴƺûʲôãһЩϡŹֵĶڽ
ɽ֮󣬷ԼĸоҲЩ֮ԼҪĶ
ֻǰûлᣬڱ䵽ıԵ֮أԼ˵Ҳӵкô
ΪڱԵ֮أܱյĻ֮һЩЩ֮Լȴޱȵá
ϸ룬һУȻƶɵĲƽȴԷģ
ԷǶ


286 ̽
ΪֹȹңԶĴ󣬾һΡ
ɽĴܹһ˲һ򵽴һȻΣɵĵȻ˷鶴죬ǰٶȸӵĿ죬Ȼȴڴȹһʱ䡣
ңԶ롣
ɽʲôӵġ
Ǻͷеһ죬ƣտĺˮõѵľסһģһ
Ȼ̤󣬳ǰģȴǺЩûпظ򻷾ǳĽӽ
һ޼ʵƽԭϣҩġɲݣֻЩҩĺɲΧŵģȴһ׺Ϣ
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ԶĸɽϣһƬһƬĿǷܹģȻ⣬ȴޱȺʵҲ㣬ҪѴܹɳ
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˵ҲеĵطҲδܹס˵ˣµţûʸӵģɱסնϵܣٲᱻߡ
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磬ϣúÿһŶСﲻ֪ʲôʱѾԶԶģȻ˫ַߴ󺰡
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ڴ׼ֵʱԾͰصһ
Ҳ٣
һĴ󺺣ͷԱȥǧԶһ߽ʹһʲô⣬ȻôӲ
ûвڷֵԼʱһɷӺϮȻԼޱȵţ۷壬ͬԼϣҲԼʲô𺦡
ֻнɼſܶ𺦡
Ȼ
һӡһҲˣȻܵסǹһӡȴǳ֮ĳأ
ôصĹһӡӲԺӲӷŸŶûһ˵ӲǺһ飬һ㡣
˼
ɬЦⷨȷʵء
Լĺף󺺵ȷʵأһͨˡ
ҲֻصŻôˡ
ϾͬһͨŨôССһӡУһ𹥻ڵĺ֣Ҳٰڶ¡
ˣˡ󺺰˰ֻ֡̽һ£ûҪԼȥ
ջ˹һӡĿŴ󺺡
סҲǲܵ顭Ȼ˳ִ½ôնȻں̶ܴϻǣʱҲǡ
˵䣬󺺶Է֣ˣҽҵã𡣡


287 ɺͽɵ
ûͨնžͲỤ𣿡
Ȼڿ϶ҪάƬ½İֻûͨҵ̽ôɾͰŰɣǻᱣ㣬ͲҪ˷ˣȵһǻȥҲˡ
Ļ΢΢Ц
Ȼһʵ˵ĵط
ڵˣӻİȫûʵôͱκε
ڷչֳʵôǾʸΪնŵͬ顣
Ƭ½ϻԴЩϵһͬսȥøԴ͹ףĵطʵͿԱɽڲٵķչ
һϣµռݵһ֮أԲʮԲĴڡ
ڣɵפأԲ֮ңڲԶһܹԴԴʯ
ȷʵΣյ˼㣬Ҳ˼㡣
ػģܹõһʺôڱԵشܹñػĸĺô
еĸ۾
һƬԲǧƽԭ
ƽԭɽˮ֣Է֪һƬܺõķˮء
۾
鶴ڵɵӣͬʱʼɽ˺֮
Ƕ̧ͷŷɵ˿еɽ
ǵ˷ܣϣڴ
ɽ뿪鶴ʱ򣬾ɽ磬¸ʱ
ȻҲһΣյĵط˼ô
ȫķںȻš
Բǧɽ鶴ŲƳ̫׵顣
Ȼ֮ǰûзʱ򣬾ѾɽŲƵ鶴УȻܹøӾ޴ĿбŲơ
Ȼʱɽڵɽɲһ
ڵɽʮ֮ţѾԶԶĳһɽ
ǺɽɽҲ˶١
ÿʯͷŨ̺֮Уɽеľÿά̺Ũ֮
ȻǲʯҲܹϵɽĿʯҩˡ
ɽĿʯҩģ֮Ľ֮¶γɵġ
ɽÿʯͷÿľõɴ½ȥǾõĲϡ
ɽ̩ڡ
ǿҵ֮˷ϯ˹ƺҪɽ顣
ȻǿʶסɽȻأȻ̩ԭأںһ𣬲ֱ˴ˡ
һ֣һĴ󣬽ɽΧм䣬ⲿı֮ɽڲ֮֮Ŀռ䡣
ŵɽ˵ǽ֮⣬̫ˣֻҪоͽշǾ㹻ˡ
ɽű˴ƣĻɽڵˣ;Եİȫ
ɵĵǣ׷׵ĳ̩ϡ
ôأǵˣ
нſ˫ۣһ
ĻУˮһ㡣
ԭʵֻƷǣԭѾҪͻƵıԵںһڿ񱩵֮֮ǵĹʼ壬ҲʼһЩ仯
ĸЦ
ĸһҪͻˣ̫ˣ
ͻеǿͬʱһ
ǡһ䡣
۷塣ٺٵĵ
֮򣬼ֱһôǻ֮ǰͬ߳һȼѹԸðգҲҪ£ȥԭ
ǵļˡ
ֻ̩ǣһΣյĵطЩͨҩݺͿʯûƷԼϵΪ޷ɵġԽʱƷĵǣɽڿɲϾˣƷĵǷְŲҩ˴Ӳܳţ𣿡
ɵĵǷ׷׵ͷ
ɽһֱɵ鶴ڵϢ㣬Ըʩ൱Ƶģɽ֮ȻϢڡ
֮ǰõĽ˾ſƷʯ֮⣬ƷʯƷʯѾȥˣӵʯĵӣʼչϣܹٶȣԼʵ
ͨʱѾֺȰ˸˽ԼʵƷͬʱжʮԭƷĵӣƷΪ
Ʒĵӣӵǧ
Ʒĵӣʮˡ
Ԫ׵ȶʮˣΪƷ
ֺơ硢ԪסнԭķӪԱʮƷ
۷塣
ͻƵĹУһЩ⣬ûдﵽ۷塣
ʵ˵̻һЩ֮⣬ڸ߶˵ս棬Ѿһµš
ϾһµţҲֻһ۷ŶѣڣɾѾӵһһֻѾ̤żļ㡣
Щ󡣡
㿴ŷСϳǳܿ۷ľ磬ȴ̤ȥ
Ҫż
ϥڼǰĵˣʵϾһḶ́Լ壬Լøܹ֮ʹ֮ʱܹøӵĵӦ֡ڷɴ½ϵʱķʽûбʵ𡣡
ֻи壬ܹ硣
ѾԼȫ֮ͨϴֻҪһܹڵľ֮ɢѵ⻹𣿡ʵ
Ȼ
ЦֻͨҪģɼҪģԼÿһ鼡⣬ÿһѪҺĸ죬ɼӦɵİ
ɼҪԼ壿ЩԾĵɴ۾ǵȵ˽ɣҪʲô
ǾǸϸڵĶˡ
ЦѾܵ˽ɵıԵǽǺĸʱ䡭ѹҪʯܹһ㣬һ£ÿϸ֮ÿʩųԼķȫͬɳһϸͬʱһɵܣһϣ
ÿϸ
㺧Ȼ
Լÿ鼡⣬ÿͷÿһѪҺ֮˳ߣѾ÷ǳ˼ˣɣҪÿϸ飡
ǰ֮Աȣǳļ򵥴ֱǿ˭ɵϸࡣ
΢ЦԼʱĽ֡
ԼѾվ˽ɵżϣ˽⵽˽ɵһЩص㣬ôԲֵܵסһ
൱ֲһ
ʵҲûȫķӳԼȻĻһӲס
ɺͽ֮䣬ʵĲ
ĻŻܹ֮ʱתΪϵǽأ
˼һÿɹϸӳȫ
һ
˽ɵΪ£ÿϸܹӳܺ۷Կʵ
ǱʵĲ
Ҳֻнϸ۷壬пܳߵľ硣
ơ⻯
ڣЩ磬źԶľ롣
ֻȴѾܹЩˡ
ΪȫɾĴУµЩ䣬Ѿһһĳ򿪡
ܶɽ˺ܾõɣҲֻ֪Լļǽɣ֪棬ֻʲôڡ
кܶΪ棬ɾɽΰĴڡ
ȴ֪ġ
ɵɾһҪңԶжңԶľ롣
Щ˻Ϊǿģֻнɡ
ģҪԶ
ЩͷơնȴĴܣЩȴܣҪܵ𡭡


288 ˣ
ʲôʯҲˣɾ˰
ֻҪժһ仨ΪʲôһƬˣ

ϥɽɽ֮еķŶߴ಻Ĺɵҡҡͷ
̩ǰѾмĹˡ
ȫɰеɣһƷƷƷӵʮСӣڽҩĺͿʯռʱȴɲϵĴǺ֮
ʲôҩʱҩҧһڰڿʱ򱻱ĿʯһͷȺ˿νǳԾ˿ͷ
ãһвסˣʵ൱ɫģ鷳ģϹȥֻɵĵǳԵͷ֮ǡ
ĵͻƵɵĵزҲȥܡ٣Ļ£ǵķӦҲһִļǿÿӵľԣȷʵǰҪߵöˡ
ЩطҲʵսһ;
ڷ׼Ŀٶʱһӵ
ҷöˣΪʲôͲܽʲôɣҶûһƬĵطͷһӵҲû˸ң
һԵޱȵֱ׳
ٶ۾
Щǣ½ɽ磬ȷʵкܶЩɽɽɳ඼ĺòϡ
½ţһ㶼һʱɽͽȻЩµţеŴɽͽĶ٣ϾǿֱӴµѡЩʵĵӡ
ϣͨƽƹ֮ʲôϡ顣
ϾǱԵش
֮ǰԬҵ˵ûƽġ
ϾĻ̫ӣЩս˶δﰲȫȥƷòҪɽţôܻƽĴڣ
ֻһнпܣ˵ɽˮҲƽĴأ
ԷջĿ⣬ִĵص㡣
ƽǿɲ˼ʲô𺦡
ʲôðġҲɵĵӡ
ɹȥʱ򣬾εĽͣ˼ңǲ򡭡һһľܿ£⼸кü˱˵ˣһǾͲˡ
ǷȷġǸʵˡ
ʲôÿµģȺĪ㿴Ҹһ·߹ģҲûʲôܹǣֻԲݣûģ
˺ŵͷݹ׵ɽ򣬷ɵĵӳ
ӣ򣬹ƾǲҲҳ԰ɣ
˼ңȷʵǺ⡣
˵ǰŶԷƤԺоֳ˲ٺӹ׵Ĺ¡
ȻЦɣ𣿡
ôУһ˷ʱúõģҲûгֲҧ飬ЩϲҧҹܲţҺҵô죿˻еĹȺš
Ȼһ˵൱
ǡҲصѵӣҪطһ̳ơЦ
ŷóһ̳ٻۣ˲˹Ŀ֮ڣȻ۾⡣
˶ΪҪɿڵʱȴ۾һ̳ô
Ҫ٣
˱Ȼһʮʮ̳
СЦȻ鶴һ̳һ̳ͣΪĸǼƹɴ󲿷ֱƽƵļܲɾƵһ㶼ȱ
Űǰʮ̳ӾƣץץԼͷ
ڷ׼˵˰ͻȥʱȴһ̳̳ľƣһ̳̳ĶԼͷϣһֱһ̳ȥ֮󣬲ҡҡڰڵĸԼ뿪ˡ
үӣˣõáЦ
ǰȻûоκε϶һˡЦ̳ƶѣҪϲ͸ȣҲֵʲô
˵ͷ
ļλû¾ͻһˣСеһȻÿζ̵Ĵż̳Ӿ뿪ɵĵǶԾˣͷֱͳ̳ӾƷǰ
һʼΪʲô鷢˵ĳƵСӿۣȻչֳԼľ˵ݣոͽʲôġ
ȻȴʲôûзӾôƽģһһĹȥˡ
ɵĵӶϰżôһˣͷӣܹƺȡ

Ǹɣڸʲô
̩ǳִ½룬һΡΰɽ壬նŵɽڡ
ΪϵţնŵĵӲࡣ
ÿµţʮ򣬶ϰĵӣеţֻʮĵӣϵţ͸١
նս
Ȼܵ˵նŵĵʮ֮࣬Ǵ󲿷ֶǸĵӣĺĵӣֻǲˡ
ȻⲻˣȴһɼֲսԺɨµŵս
ΪУʵģǽƷ
ĽƷնʵĴڡ
󲿷ֵӣǽƷƷĴڡ
ĵӡϣǱȽɸǿ򱶵Ĺɡ
նŵǱȹɻҪ߳һˡ
֮ǽɣ֮ǹɣ֮ϣˡ
ɽ磬˵Ȼ٣Ҳ̫ࡣ
ȻֻʵĵӣȻնŵȴܲһԭܼ򵥡ĵӡ
նŵ󲿷ֶӵܣģȻնȴԡնΪ
ƺȻȴε档
Ŀ꣬Ǵܡ
ܣҪնȴʬ
ڿԼ֮󣬽ΪնҲࡣ
ڣԼӡ
ĵѾ˸ÿ춼ֳʮСӣÿӼˣƷ˴ӣĴռҩĺͿʯͬʱһƷƷΪפſʯ
΢΢ĵ˵ͷµɣҲŲ֯˵Ǵ½ģ֯Ҳǲı֡
ȥ̽ǵţʵΣ
үʻԼĺеˣѾʹˣΪʲô컹ʣ
ɹĻشүӣ۷ΪЩŹ֣ҿѾ̤˽ɵżϣҲٹһʱ䣬Ҫͻ۷ľ磬ɾˡ
˵۲쵽ɵЦǸɵҲе˼ȻŽΪµţȴȻѾӵкܶҵսеݣúܺá½ϵĻı֣صܴİȫС
Ȼɵĸ߲㣬Ӧʵġ
˳һ£Ȼôȥ֪ͨһ£εжǿԴеˣȥ۽硣
ǲ˵㣿
ɻʵϾǻһɶûУó۷жСҲʲôá
ûָʲôãֻǼʶһ£ҲǺõġ
˵ӸϴȻֲܹκεйĺúӣϷҪ߿һۣܰһ£Ͱһ°ɣҲʲô¡
ĵͷ֣ΪʲôүӻͻȻҪһ£
뿪֮󣬸̨ϵˣ֪ͳһ̳ƣȻ˹˵ĺ˼ڡ
ôơ͵ˡ
̨ϵˣֹš


289 һɽ
ʲô񣿡
ٴμʱûǸźͮͮСֻһĴ󺺡
˵Ҫɳȥμʱ򣬷Щһ䡣
ΪĸϵפֻǴ𣿡һĵ
ѵԴ࣬ȻܣƽʱŸĺôֵĵ
ȻǣΪϵţΪɽ֧ţɲǿϵǵʯԴе
ģǲƴְ
֪նռݵĳִ½ϣɲֹһʮеģлеĲǻƷʯµܹƷʯе
ȫƷʯ򻹻Ʒʯ͵ؼʯе
Ǿȴˡǵ㡱ʯ
䲻׳ѽ
ţȴûֳʲôɫôʲô񣿡
ǱԵشôȻȥԵ綼޷ȫռݵĵطȥɨúܶöġЦ
ǻʲôĶ֣ʵ
ЩͷЩɵӣʥЩӣЩʵļһ޷ǾĽˡЩް֮ġĵ
פرԵĸҲرǿ޷Ǻϵŵʵѣź͸ϴ̣ǵսĵط
Щĵط
һ£ɳֵģԼΨǼ㻹ôһͻƵ۷壬ǿĶ뿪ˣפɵĵӲʲôɣ
ǳȥʱ̩ϵİȫб֤ġ
֪ʲôÿǴȻѱһˡеıԵϣз䡢ҩִĴֻҪ㹻ǻԮʱ䣬İɣ԰ȫ
Ȼ԰ȫΪʲôƽʱ򿪣ʡ
öడ
̾һĽȥΪĴܿİҪĶԴ֪𣿻УγȥܶҵһЩԴȻĻĵԴҲҪ̯һֵġһ°ÿϵɷ̯壬棬˼˼һɳˡ
ոһ־һ
⼸ɵʯʯҩĵ뷽Ǻģ֣ȫʮҲ˵̩ϣһµ룡
񡭡һҪȥΣСĵʡ
һһΰɡȻĵ
ǲǰˣȫǴˣ
ȣҲ˵ϾõԴϾֻתĵģʲô͵ȥռԼ̣˭б£˭̵öࡣ
ĶǽƷ۷̵ʲôҽͻƵ˽ƷһǼˣֵܷ٣ĵ
й׶ģݹ׶ֶ֤һݡ
˵⻰ʱҲûʲôϾʮ˵Ĵˮ׼ľǽƷ󲿷ǽ۷壬ɵҲ٣Ҫ̵ͣȷʵѶȺܴ󡪡ҲΪʲô˵ľԭ
ֻ뿪Ӱʲ졣
ѹפصЩҪȥ̩ǣ¶ͬ飬¶ֻı顭
һϢ
չصң򿪡
Ȼһµļ㣬˳
ͻˣż΢Ц
ǵġ˵ͷ۷塭ԭӵġ
ǰҪģǸ಻ϵĻһһĸԼÿϸܹɹĸһϸʱͻƵ˽Ʒ
㿴ŷȻЦҡҡͷҲŸոͻƵ۷壬ھ˵᲻һ㣿
硣ĵΪҸղŲ֪ڵطһôݳ޵ĵط
еĻҲſЦ
˵˶ʵҲһһһΪȥҲڿǻҪŬһСЦ
ǻôأСǲ̫ˣ
һ˶ľ̳žƣҡͷԵĵⱾɽⰡģȻܹø࣬ûģȥˣЩսˣÿʱÿ̶ΣգȻиջҪڰȫĵطһһʵЦˣĺ£
һֱãǲɽ磿תͷ
һ£ȻЦЦˣôɽأ
Цúü١۵
Ǻܼ١
ͷͬ⣺ǰҲǲɽ磬ֻһ̤ɵżˣʱǲӦøָһ£ЩĴ棬̵һЩôأ
գ۾û˵
ˡҪ
𡣡
æѾ̳ӸŲˣĨĨ죬Ȼ̾ϢСһﰡðɣˣϷн
ͷһۣĹİţȻϥǰ

ĵ˵ͷŵСӣѾɡɺͽˣΪʲô޷ͻһֽ
üȻ֪ɵƤǡѪɵ澭ɵڵÿϸ֪ȴ֪Ӧβһ
޴޴̾㶼֪򣬻֪ʿˣķʽһģһһĸ죬һһŤתԼóķ
ѾͷҪͻƵɣҪԼľ֮һһĸԼڵĳϸ׼еһרĸ죬Ǿˣϸȫʱ򣬾ͻƵƷʱ򡣷Сӣأ
һ£ȻȻ
ˣҹȥþϵԼϸвͨġҾޣôҪû֮졣
¶Ҫôáһۣ޿ɾҩСӣȫɾûô޴
Ȼˣȴɺܸˡ
Ҳ΢΢ĵͷѾķôǰͺá
飬Ѿ˺ѭ򽥽һ£ֻҪ㹻ʣԴȻʱ䣬ô϶ܹߵԼļޡ
ٴιһھƣȻ̾ϢǷˣõȫɾĴУǿԺʣֻҪܹҵ򣬾һܹﵽ۷ĴУҲֻ޵⣬ܹͻʵﵽһߵľ硣£ֻҪۣȻԼĶᶨƵǰǾ㹻ˡ˵ʵפʮ꣬Ȼûһʧ
ĻЩ
ʮȷʵЩˡ
ϣܹһЩ辶ĶѸٵԼʵ˵ϰһЩķԼʵȴˣԼĶ
ڷɴ½ҲҪЩƷܹԼʵȻɽ磬һнпܣΪʲôӵԼ
Դȷʵã󲿷ʵҪʯǲҲ
ЩҩʦʦʦǺܶ඼ҪʯԼʵβפصʱһʯûУȻǸʱҲﵽƷʵٶȣһ㲻ȿ˵
ɽʽ
һ


290 ûоԵĹƽ
ʵǺܼ򵥵飬ֻҪˣȻˮɣ֮ҲܹϵϴˢϸԼϸʯֻܹһ˲֮Ȼƺ˾ܹѸٵĽʵϣʯ֮ļ壿ͿƯŵ֮бϵ𣿡
кܶʯȴҲ۷ͣ˺ܾöûܹͻơ
Ǿ̫̫µʵʲô㣬Щµŵţʵ϶Ѿͷˣܹ֮ϻɽԴ֧֣ҪôµţȥʵĵӣɽĶ㣬ŻӵŻȷʵɽвٱܹͻʵȻֱǺεȵôַϲϡ
ڰźһ֮󣬷ʹͼ㣬նŵɽ֮
˻ϻӵʼϲĵҲ֪ǴʲôЩϢҲ÷ͼ۽硣
˵Ѿͷǰ;ʵҲвųɫʵļһǸֺ˵ھţһܹʵıлŪһһ£ܹеķʸĽصˣʲģЩҩ˾ˣһţҲò̫ˡ
ıΪʲôƹ㿪ʵ
ΪЩ˶нģźϴ̣ϴ֮⣬ҲѪԵϵģɽֻ˵ĻôڵͳӺ֣ĶȻֻھԼϵУǵĺӵܹõõ棬ô÷֣ÿʵ˶ܹõõ˵Դ᲻̫㹻ˣҲֲǴԼˡ
ŷ֮ҲҪ͵һЩȻ˵һԼ˵ľϴ̣Ĵڶ̫⣬вĴڣôҲҡ
˵⻰ʱеɢƺʲôõĶ
ƽȭͷ
ϣûоԹƽ顣ĵ
лᣬԡ
Ǻǡ
ðջĵ
һ·ţܿľ͵նŵɽ֮ǰȻ󲻹ǷǼ㣬ܵһϢĸо
նŵɽ֮⣬źѹѹһȺˡ
һ߰˲ˣӦòʲôϾͼϰ˻սѡεĳ涼ˣ˵ȻⲻˣӵŽƷʵأ
նϵţһóȫսʱ򣬾˿ֲЧ
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˴նŵĴУͬʱĸϵţλǧˣĶǽɣֻҪǱĽΧǾǰȫġ
ΪʲôĽ粻ΧǣǿôĽ磬϶ȶԸǡͬʵ
ǵȻԭġٸ㡣
һ˵һ߰ѷ˴նŵ룬Ȼվмģһŭߵˣɵ˵ˡ
ŭߣĲرĸߴȻˣȴչֳһޱǿ
ͨͨһ̴˾վ۾ɨ˷һۡ
еͬǳһصѹ
ڵص㣬ûзûǧ򻯵ʽҲû㹻ơ
ˣǷ򵥵һȭӳ޿ɱĴ
ڵص㣬Ȼڱǵ٣Ȼսȴǿġ
ŷֻһֲµĴ磬΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
γϣܺúõĿһ£ʶһ£ǽźܴĺôڹȥʱʸԵشפµţٻеţԣǧҪ⡣ܻŻʤ
˵ĻץץͷȻشҲЩȻĻһ¾Ͱ׸ˡ
ܵնŵĵӣһЦ
˵ǲûж⣬ЦֻΪǾ÷˵󻰡
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лĻЩͣȻã˾ͲҪǿϾţŻи޵Ŀԡ
һȻ˿
Ҳûм̧ͷա
ɵѾˣǳɡ
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һεϣ˲ס
ķ䣬ߣڿ΢һ֣žû˿֮С
𱣻ҩں֧ԮһתÿĵԴǾ޴ģȻҲ൱Ĳס
Է
ȴûлش
֮⣬ŨĻ֮

֮Ľ뷽壬ԭеĻ֮һ塣
ĿŻֻ֮ȸԾһ
ʼڵĻ֮ĳһϸ
֮˲ͳǸϸڷԺУǸϸʼޱȵӴ
΢Сϸȴ˾ܵĽṹ
ҪЩṹı䣬ıܹɻ֮ϸһޱѵ顣
ζŶĽṹҪޱϸµ˽⡣
ϸĽṹҲҪޱϸµ˽⡣
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ɵɣǷǳҪһؿڣؿܹͻƣôͻƵɶ壬Ͳ̫ѣֻҪʱԴȫϸָıΪֹ
Ծɽ磬ܹؿڵˣܶࡣ
ܹؿڣܹϵųΪӣʱõʽἫķḻ
ڽϵ֮󣬲пܳľǰ
ûĸˣܹϵ֮µĵطͻƵϵʵ
ΧնŵӣȻǵһʱ˸Ӧ
ŷҲһʼĮӣһ˿˿ľ档
۷µţȻڻռ䣬Ϳʼҵͻƣ
ֻ۷壬ôЩնŵĵӲϲ߱ӷκΪȫһˡ
˽ɾ磬Żǹעһ¡
ˣΪȷʵ˲ˡߵͬ
ѹŻҲһ
Ͳ֪ʲôʱ̤ż
ܹ̤ȥĻǰĿôһʵֵĿܡ
ֻҪ̽Լڵϸ죬Ǻѵ顭ÿ˵Ķ̫һȴͬС죬õʦ޷ڵĶֻԼ
˵ûƺֵڴء
նŵķڼǰֻǰĹУʼ˲ϵ˽
ọ́Ǻĵģڶһ̸ʣȻնŵЩӣʼȤ̸
ȴɱ۾š


291 Դ֮
޾Ĳ񷣬޵Ŀռ䡣
ڰΣա
ɽ磬磬Χڣǳ˹ĻУ˲ܹ졣
ںڰУǽɣҲеһ˿ѹ֡
ڿ֮ĸһ£Ȼͷʼĸ
Ȿֻɨս
ɽǿǷֳĹҲĻᱻ
οɽĹ໥֮ҲôƵȻںͱսһҪǲȴһ׵顣
ڸ߲㣬ȻĴڸһ棬ѹĽ磬ȻĲϣ໥ͳܳ
붨ûǿʼͼ㻹š
Ȼ˵ĵӣڣЩϵû̫ôڣһǿΪ硣
ƽʱҲдţĻᣬûʸһǣֻҼţ
˵ĻţϾЩϢӦûǳá
ȴƺȤһ㣬ֻĴҲֺ֪Ŀռʲôÿġ
ﶼɨĵطԺܳһξġֻٶҲܿ죬ȵȹƬɨĵط˼ˡЦ
ҲΣɡЦڴı֮ûʲôΣգҲûʲô͡
ȣλǺ
Щ˼ĵΪնʵĵ֮һڹȥʱҲ̵ʲô͡
ǰһβ֪೤ĵ·֮նŵǵǰһŹĴš
⣬׵Ĵ󺺣ڿնŵĵ֮ͬʱһ¸첲
ȻնŵĴӣѸͨ⵽е֮š
ͨÿչһ֣µϣҲֻȫģǾҪעˡ
һ˵ţһ߿ʼĿܣҲĵ̫ţնŵͣɣڲǾ԰ȫġ
ȻڽʱΧЩնŵĵӣʼ׷׳֡
壬ûб仯ΧЩӵнƷʵĵӣǲϵĳ֡
ڰвϵĴҽЩںڰеޱɱĲҽС
ܹ޵ĿռƯޣ²ϵЩҪǿö࣬ȻЩƷʵĵǳֵ£ȴԵòһ
ЩʵǿĵӣϵĴӷ룬Ծڰ֮УȻһɱԾش֮С
УһֱڱĿ񣬼һֱڳĿܣЩնŵǵĳ֣һֱĴźǷ
ÿɱһͷޣӦĹͳ֣һ·ϣɵˣȴûõκεһĹ͡
ͬڱĿͻȻ۾
˷ʱ䣬ǰ
ͳһ仰󣬿ʼǰҲûնŵĵӻȥɱЩǿޡ
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Ƭ½ĵ
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ǵģԴ֮أӵŸָԴԴ֮أȻֻԴ֮صһС֣ҲʸǸ֣Ĳֻ֣оţϴ̣ڣ档
ôЩ²ϵأʡ
ֶֻѡ
Ȼ֪ʵʲôЩطᣬû̫壬ΪЩطϲĶǿܻһãǶھźϴ̵Щ˵Ѿû̫ôˣǵľԴ֮ص̽档
һ
Դ֮أ֣ͻе
ڣնŵĴӣʼƬԴ֮ȥ
һ˵ĴӣƮƮȥͬһƬëһ㡣
Ϲأһһ黤ƣɢжҺͳڴ˴ȺΣգȥȡƬԴ½Ѿ̽ܶΣϣǸϹȥʱǲЩޣǵֵ˵Ķ֣Ѿ޶˵Ļ´жǾͲҪųˡ
˵ȻĻնŵĵӣһɫᶨĵ˵ͷ
ֻûеͷ
ڤ֮У㻹ûи״һںӡ
黤ƵϣһһΪڶʮ죬ܹɱޣöٶԼģɱޣлֵ㣬ֵͨ㣬ȥܹ֮÷䣬ܼ򵥵
ȻҡҡͷͲ֪Ǽֶ֧೤ʱ䡣
ƲƲ죬ǽӹ֮˵һлл
޷Դ½ߵĻͲҪǿڱıԵӦһ£ҲǷǳкôģǶ˵
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۾Ȼ΢΢һЦ
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ȻһܣնŵĵѾߵøɸɾֳֻ˲ŭˣͨȴɢǿϢߡ
ЩߣնŵĳϣǳɵĴڡ
ûǣ˶һϣĿ񣬶Ƿɢܣͷա
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û⡣ĵ
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ȫһƬŢһ㣬ȫסȫ޷
Դ½ĿȻ۷ʿȫ޷
ǡ֮
ҲסˣȼһľǣܹһЩСĶ
򡰹˹ˡĺھơ
ͼͬʱ
ǿҸʲôԴ½ֵطǵڽɼ·ԵúѵġңҺǲһӦ
Ҳ˵ԼΪʲôӦԼǷеĺ«ȻĵҪƶһҲҪȫҾãһǰ׸ɾͰ׸˰ɣĻǷǳкôģ˵ˣնŵԱ߱ǣᣬǧѷѽףҲ٣Ϊʲôߵģ
ŻһԼ첲ķԼӵɳ
ܼˡģͬʵһĻֻ֮Ҫ⹵ͨôͺͨĿû̫Ĳ𣬱ҵص㡣ĵ
ողǴ˲ͱôЦұӦ֮ٸġ
εĿŷڶˣô죿
ͺˡЦȵӦĻȻһȥ̽գΪٵĹͣ


292 
㲻ùġ
һͷԼȹǣȻ̧ͷ
۾ҡҡͷãҿ㡣
ĲáЦȥɣϰһ¡ǰҾͺá
ĿһۣȻͷá
ŷȥıӰ΢΢̾һ
һߺžƣÿɷ
ǰͻȻڵ
ţתͷ
Ҳٵ׸ˡ
û˾׸׼ȷ˵ˣ׸һھ֮
ԣҪԼǿ
㾲ĵǵģûɣûǣ֮ʵӦܹһеŵεϵӣõõʮʱ䣬˵ѾϵţпܳΪǿĴڡ
ȻΪҪչǣһͬһķʱ䣬һһļһЩϸڵĶǶԲ
꼧Ļ̾ϢҲɡ
㿴򣺡ǰҲ֪㵽һЩʲôȴָ֪ܹңӿٵʵҲ֪ҵжôĳɫҲ֪ܹʲôĵزǣһϣҵĽŲܼӿһЩܹһ㣬Ǹӵ
ΪʲôҾָܹ㣬ҿˮϵľϵġתͷ㡣
ûм˵ʼӦصĿһһͼԼܹ
̾һ
ðɣҽ㡭
¶˸˵Цݡ
̸֪Լ˼Ҳ˽ˡ
һʵܾǿŮӣԲһֱΪۡȻûôΪԼĵߣԼԸѡĵ·
úһȺһŬһ˽һİҪ˼öࡣ
﷽һԸıˣϰһطͲ̫Ը뿪
ȻҪһ˶жôһ˶жܶնɱһЩޣһЩԴôɵܹõõʵҲܹõܺõ
ŨʵʵĻ֮УǰţýƷЩѵĻ֮ȴ˲κεķΪڣ˿̳ģҲǻ֮һ壬Ȼʲô谭
Դ֮صĿǺˮĻô˿̵ķͻΪ˺еһˮȻʲô谭
Ļ֮ʼڣȻһһϴˢ塣
ʶǸŴϸ֮һһ͸Ǹϸ棬Ľṹ𲽵ĽŸı䡣
һθı䣬ǻźܶεʧܡ
ܹԼһϸʺԼģʽһҪʧܺܶΣظܶεж
ûƬͬҶҲûͬˣÿڽһڵʱ򣬶޷õ˵ָ㣬ֻܿԼĥ
ĥĹУһһ˽⵽ɰصĹ̡
һأ˭ҲܵõԺܶܶˣ¾ޱʱ޷ͻɵɵһؿڡ
澭ƤѪ⣬Щĸ̣ʿĽ׶ξѾһΣԷˣҪ۷壬̫ѵ飬ֻǿеĿ죬еܹʯĲ䣬ͻø졣
ȻһأȴֻܿԼ
һϸʧܣֻһ
һʧˣֻһ
飬ڷʶвϵĽţȴӰ쵽Ķ
ǰŨĻ֮ŵ裬ǶԷ˵ȴκεӰ졣
ܹǰһͷһĻȣ˹
ߺȻȻȴѭ֮ĳĹɣ˵ˣһĽƷʶ޷ŵ̫Զ£ȴױԷ͵Ϯ
Ϊ˻ĵص㣬Ƿ߹ȥһ˲䣬׳ַɵʱ䡣
ǽƷһ֮󣬶һС
ȻȴͲһ㡣
΢΢ǰһͷ޵˻Ȼҽţ͵ĳ˹ȥ
źԷǸһ˲䣬һţӷźð˳ȻصĻС֮ϡ
һҽ֮޵ĶǸ֮䣬ըһ˿ڣҵ˿ڣըء
΢΢ĳһ
һֱֻ˫ͷųȥģҲǺܶ෨ϵ˽ѷʽϾܹõû˭ġ
Ȼڷ˵ȴ⣬Ųǿʲô־ͷŵģڣֱܹγɣȻκβλͷųȥǵ۷֮󣬷ĥµĽʽ
ҵսʽʼջƫڷڰ
һЩɳʱļƣǼûԶȻһȭҲܹɷһЧ
ǽޱʵ֮󣬲ŻеЧ
ڽ֮µʱڵĵӶϷڽ̫ڵЩӻܳԿȻͻƵ֮ڵӵƣŻ᳹׵չֳ
ޱȼ̵ݵĶȥٶȣǿڵĵһֱڶԿʱ򣬶
ʵҲԽ񶷵İԻΪڳֵʱдŻţɱҲڵ֮ء
վֱ壬ţȻǰ
ʶϸһֱûͣ
ǰĹУʼµķʽ
Ϊ֣Ļڵֽļɣʺϵġ
ܹ֮ͨı䶯ֵֶټڱĻأδؾЧǿһЩĽ񶷺ͷӦȻûл
ʼϰУִ˲ƣ
ͼ˵öԣǸʺ϶һжʱźܴĽ
ֻһȺһŬָоҲ
һ·޲رǿǿҲǺͷڵʵ࣬۷ˮ׼͵ϮնŵӣܻһЩ䲻Чڷ˵Ľ̫š
һ·ɱȥѵԼӦķΧУ֪ģѾǰ˺ĵط
Դ֮صıԵһֱڱĿͻȻ۾һ˿Ц⡣
˿ڲԶŬԼĻԼļ㣬ٶȱ۾
Сһﻹ֪״ɣɱ̫ĿͷֵطŶȥ
Դ֮кܶ飬նŵĵӵϵģֻеһС飬Դ֮޶˹һ飬ʵ̫ǿȻֻҪԴ֮أͻһĵش
ĺĵشУܶǿޣֻնŵĺĵӣﵽ˽ƷǽƷģȥĵط
¶ķȫ֪һ㣬ֻǳһڲϵǰ·ޣնɱ
ȻҲоƺԽǰߣ޵ʵԽǿҲһģʱǿޣʱҲһޣԳԼķûκε⣬ڲϵǰ
ÿնɱһͷޣͻӵӦĹ͵㣬Щϧľǣһ·ΪԼԲûռκεĶ
ʱԴ˺⣬ǿ·ĳҩģĳϡĿʯʯûһ
˻ʱʰˣڣϸѵԼĽҪġ
֪ǣǰĳͷǿޣڲϢ֮Ѿ׼ʼжˡ


293 Ǳʵ
ǰţϵš
ΧһУԼʶ˻һ𣬸ϸһһķ
ȫµļȴˣʱ׼Ӧʱֵǿޡ
ʶ屾ܷ룬ʶֻıܣԿʱֵޡ
Ѿ״̬֮Уһ·ȴѾɱ˱ЩƷնŵӸޡ
ԵǰͻȻŨʱһ㷴Ӧûеģ̤˽ȥ
Χľɫ𽥵ĳ˱仯
һԵǰģѾ͵ʯƷʯƷʯƷʯпڲһ㶼ۣЧȴԶƷʯ֮ϵĵؼʯ
еµ˶ᷢľɫ
ȴƺûпһ㣬ô˹ȥ̤
̤֮ǰһûʵĴеװΣƷĲװζɣʮŮӣڿ֮󣬸¶˵΢Ц׷׳ŷӭ
ȴȻƺûһô˹ȥһƽ˹ȥȻ߳Ƭ롣
ֵģһսþǿķ໥ƴЩǿ׵ץȡȻһžлСɱˣһϴһˣһһĴ󵶣ͷŷնۻƣһɶΪֹεѡ
ûп
ʲôջ󣬺ʲôĿֲ÷˿ľѣеķôһ߹һһصĻþ
˷΢΢һס
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һ߲ҽУһʶŷʶ
Ϊʲô㲻ܵþԻ󣡾ǱǿĽƷҲᱻҵĻþԻΪʲôûУ
޷ŭһ£ȻЦ
ղԼһжԿֻ屾жֻþȴֱӹ˵ʶġ
ϧǣղŵʶȫ˶ϸĸУ˿ûá
ͷܹû˿»þޣȴڱʮػ֮ܵصķɡ
Ҫɱ㣡ȻûбҵĻþԣֻһ۷ѣƷҲû취ھҪɱ㣡
żһȻ˹ޣҡҡͷ
ûԸ״̬µң㷸ĵһ󡣡
ͼĽԸڵң㷸ĵڶ󡣡
˵仰壬һޱȴĿĽ⡣
ʶڵǸϸɢͬĽ⣬ȻʼŻ֮ע룬ڣ˼Ϊǿı仯
˹ޣӶԼȭͷ
Ļ֮ŷȭͷ
Ȼ֮뿪˷ȭͷֱӽȫΧ
Χ֮ת
ΪŹɣתȻ󣬱ը
ͷȽƷóޣһҽжͱըؼĳ
ջԼȭͷ
ԴԴĻ֮
һָķʽת
һϸ죬ʮϸ졣
Ļ֮ų˷ڣʼһĸŷϸ
ͬɳôϸҪȫ죬ȻһḶ́ÿһϸսǿһ֡
ǽɾص㡣
һϸĸ죬֤Ѿ˽ɵľ硣
ϸԽ࣬ɾԽǿ
ڵɾˡ
Դӿʼûһͣôʱ䡣
ӷ֮һο˻ޣԼʵ۷֮ʮ꣬ŬĳŽɵżһֱ죬ż
߹·һֱѰҲҪʯԼʵƷȴˣܹɻ֮ⱾؼĽݾ
ֻûԻиᶨǰ
ͻƲһǣûһͻƽɵϣԼʵƵƷ۷壬ǰͰģһϸһϸĸԼ塣
Ȼǰ
һǰһ
һḶ́Ͼȫôϸֻһһȥһ֪Ҫôʱ䡣
ͬʱˣÿҲϸȥϸ̣ӵ
֪ԼҪƬԴ֮صģŸΣա
ЩȻ۾
ȻҪ̤ˣЩôûֹ
뵽Щסˣߵ˵֮չɿĳԴ֮ص˹ȥ
˽ôҲѽн
ϾԴ֮صĺģЩ޵ϡ
ЩˣԴ֮أҲɢ١
һֱ綼ͻ޴Э飬ܹʲôԴ֮ѰƷ໥սǶܣֻǲܽ
ЩŲϵĻޣ취ȻԴ֮ЩǿĻޣɽ磬Ҳú鷳
Ҷƣ޲ǵ鷳ĻҲһĽ
뵽Щ
Էˣ˻һЩøеģںͷڵȻ໥ߣһǹͬģǲں˭ƿɽ磬ںģɽ档
Ľٶȣνɽبδ֮١
ڷפʮ·һˣӷʱƷʵȻʮʱ˽ƷⶼǷǳ˲顣
˵ǱȽܿصˣʮʱ䲻ǴƷƷҲǽұȷʱҪ̣Ȼɵɵɵɵںϣرġ
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Ȼڵģչɽġ
һ츳ɫˣõԡ˿˻ԼȨ޷ΧڶչˣҲȻġ
ҪϹȥֹء
ȻĻĽˣôҲû°ѷŪ
չֳǰҲ˸߲εЩܡ
أǾ͵ǽء
֮ܣҪڷ֮ǰ׷һ׾ٵ飬˹ɼٶѾﵽһĲΣȻƬԴ֮غܴ󣬿һոսɾˣҲܹں̵ܶʱһء
ԼҲΪҪһЩ
Ȼƺ˲

ľˡ
Ȼһ̻¶ҼĹͷӣ޺Ϊȥ·
Сɮò˷ɣɡͷ΢΢һЦ
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˵ðһɻһƣõͳ
ͷӣ޺ɫһ
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ʥĹâһòϣӵıſɵģʥϢĳ
ʹʥͷʲôʱ򹴽һˣЦ
Ѻα˵ô
һ޺һͬޱȸߴӳԭأԺ˴Դ֮أΪͳ죬Ӧúúõģ׽ǡ
ƺһ
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294 
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ζţ߲ϣɽԶԸʥ磬·硣
⼸λߴڵ棬ɽʵҪҪǿ
οɽ罻á
ļλܹסɽλУɽλ֮Ҳһ飬ǿƵɽѾӾĹˣͳͳԼøĵ̺Դ
ڸ紦һԺƽ״ǸɽһЩӣɽĳЩдǰ;ĵ޷˳£Ǻɵ顣
һ
ͬڵʵȻܹԴ֮ϵ
սУ״ֻ̬ܾܳɱӿޣȻ˳һͷóĽɼ޵Ļ˳ͻƻɱͷޡ
ĳɳٶȣֱ˾ò
ԵһĻʱһʼڿϷ״̬ģʹλ񣬶Щˡ
ɽ磬ֳһͬһ
ţȻҪڻûгɳʱɱ
Ȼ̫ܣɳɾĵزôҲͻɸ֮֡
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ڲҪһʱȥֹʱλڷ硢ʥ磬źͬȵλĴڣͬʱ˵ǰ
ҪģҲҪ˴һܡڵսɽ֮ڣȻǺͬһεĴڣҪûһ˵Ķ֡
ķӡס˵ȭͷ
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λҲͬס˵ȭͷ
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ֻ˵˼ɱڵĻȴ˵죬ȴ˵治ɫ
ʹչ˲ߡ
λͬһһԶԶ뿪˵ء
˶뿪úܿ죬ǵ鷳
˰֮ûȥ׷еκһˣǼǰ˽صıԵ˫ָ󣬵
ͷӴĻ޳֮УĬĬĿˡ
ֻšһˣأܵĻųɡ
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ͷ޿һۣȻת˽ء
֪Լ˽أ֪ΪԼĽ֮һЩͻ
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̤Ƭط֮ʼоԼڵĻ֮ʼ
Ž۳ʵʵĻ֮
˵Ļ֮һ٣ôԴ֮طĻֻ֮һ
ͬʱоԼԭܹоЩϢȫʧ
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ˮģˮͬһɰӣɫĹâ
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еĿʯܱǳɰݣӶøӵĴ⡣
ɽ磬ǷǳԴˮǳɰ
ǰһȻ֣Լǰģҩġ
ָϡҩġ
÷֮ǰںɽ顣
ģôðɣԴȻôḻô϶Ѹ㶨ĪҲЩµĴڣ
ڷ뵽һʱʮӰϢĳܣεİΧм䡣
ð亹
˵ĻûȻ˵ЩԼߵĴ֮⣬ûնŵĵ̫ΣģôԼͲӦ̫ǿޡ
ˣ۷弶ޡҲɢնŵĵӵˮ׼
ʲô
ֹǿ󣡼ֱǿף
ΧʮӰѹֱκһɶҪǿ˵նŵЩϣЩɼĴڣҪǿ
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Ĵڣ˵ʮֻһ׵İɱ
ʮӰȴûгŷ֡
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࣬Ϊ˴ѵ㲻֪˴أ˭Ҳܽ𣿡
һϵѶϢڷʶ֡
ǸλҲ֪飬֪ĻǾԲġ߿ɺã
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˿̵Ǻ侲ˣЩǿĴڣôŬҲһ˿ѵĻᣬŵҪһЩ
ӰǼĬЩᣬЩһӦͲܿһ
뵽ЩӰܲ࣬˵ͷٶۣĳһӦ;󷽵ԭǡȻ
˺һᣬһѶϢŴ˹
࣬ǵˣҲ˵㲢˽صֻǲģһҲںʱǵ˸Ľڽء
ҿʲôûá߾˫ʾԼס
Ͷ޹ءľ󲿷ֶûκεôֻҲŸǡǣƾʲôߣ
ַ˽صϣôͱضҪۡ
λµĴڣСҪʲôĴۣܹ뿪أ
ץץͷյĵֻһͨˣոͻƵƷɽֻСòСĴڣҲûʲôϵĶҪȾƣ
ǵκʳǶûκεôҲʲôջ󡣡
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ͬࣿǸҲ֪ʲôڣܲҿҲȷǲк塣
һĳĬ
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Ӵڿ֣ͬ˹һƤܲƬϹźһϢ
ޡ
ȷڱϼͷޣҪǿöĻޡ
ͷޣ˾۷ʵȻʮͷޣÿͷӵпԺ˱ʵ
ѹĽأܹڡ
ȻЩӰǻޣôǸȤĻǡ
æ鶴ڣŪͷһֱں˯Ļޡ
֮ǰһµġҲûɱǽһֱڳ˯ԡ
Щ޴ĻޣͷֻаСģڳ˯еĻޣͬʱ¶ϧɫ
ǵģϧɫ
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295 ķӦ
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ΪǻǺ͸綨µĹ򣬻ѾòˣøڸԴ֮ѰԼõĶֻҪĻ֮УܽأҲһܲû֮ضûС
ʱ˳˼ǺǼʹλ֮⣬ǲ
Ϊ÷ܴΧͻᱻЩǿ赲˺¡

뱾ʱ䣬Ѿٵȥˡ
ת׼뿪
ʱҪ뿪ΣȻͣ¡
¶ŵ飬Ȼܿȥ
㡭Ȼӽˣ˾Լʡ
ӽڻ߳ģǷ
ˣôҲǽذҪöÿµĻޡ
˵ûĵһ֪ȻΪʲô˰£ܲЩ޴󷢴ȱʬӳȫʬҲȥɵЩˡ㵽ôģ
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˵˵Ҳһ죬ȻҡͷûˣԴ֮صģʥͷˣҪЩ̨ġгԼɢɫâļһô򲻹黤ƣǻ㡣
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ȻˣʣûҲȥĵطˣ
ûˣСӣҪ˵ٱ飿ˣҪ㹦ͲҷǵðǵĶ۹⣡ñµʱ䣬ֱ񼫣
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ˣһˡڵ˶һЩֱӰ˵ڣú졣
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ڣܹһͷ޻ع鼯壬޵˵һϲ¡
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֪˷Ҫǻ֮ʱǺܿıʾܹʮ죬ͬʱĶԴһ֡
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Ļ֮൱Ũֻһ㣬鶴ڳ˻֮
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ǳɰɵӵܹӵΪǿս
ôҩģҲܹͬõĵҩɵĵսиӵĳ־á
Լܹϵû֮ʱԼʵ
ʱ䣬һ·߻ȥ;ʲôöֱӴ߾ˡ
֮ǰصĹУһ·ɱޣҲ˲ٵĹ͵㣬ܹγҪķѵ֧Ԯ˰ɣ
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Խ֤࣬ɵʵԽǿ
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ЩɵĻ
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ɽǸˡȻӽ߳ˡ
鷳ˣ˵˾ȻûҲߴ˵Ĵڡ
ˣҲܿ£Ӧóûгɳʱá
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ÿʹʥһӣ
СǾְɡһʹȥͬĽ֣ɽ磬Ҳ˵ʲô
Ǹ˻ûдﵽƷʱ򣬾ͻɱ˵ͬڽƷޡ
ǰǿóޣ㽫ΪҷŵĻģȴڴ֣֮ǿϧ
ʥͷûк֣ûСħǸңȻֻλȴλսǿġµͷȮ̳˸ҵص㣬ֻ൱ڽƷΪ
ѡ
硣
ʶ֮λͷųһȥ
Դ֮صĳһͷ˺ǰһʬͷȮ̧ͷ
ȻͷͷȮվΪһ׳˶Ĵ󺺡
ȥѰһ˾սϲ˵Ѫ⣬һЩ޵ѪζЩ޳ˣΰħǵ£ôܹͳЩ
ԼֹĻͷȮʼĳȥ
λʶѾĸ˷ڵĵص㡣
ڣʹȻʵһ㣬ȴ鶼еµͷȮڳŷȥ
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296 ͷȮӦڵ
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ΪĳλԵɺ֮£̶֮ʱڣĳ԰Ƶƽūٵ͵ļ
ͥŭɳʹ͵ĴǰȥɱͷħǣȻƻĸȴççѩԭϣȥ磬ϵ͵ϮʹԼʮʹ
ȵͥɳһλȥʱȻķ֣ͷħǣȻѾɳλĵز
ĹأǳΪλ飬ܵͥı
ȻħǸ˰͡ūͨȻ籾һײ㼫Ϊϸĵطɱٶūͣʲô⣿
ǣұͥձˣΪͥһ֡
ȻڻֻͼһȻеǶ֪Ըҵɱܣпܳɳǳµĵز
˵˶ǳħǸңΪֲ֪ӺζĽһȫµķ
ܵĹע֮󣬸ҳɳ÷ǳ죬Ѿλ֮һ
ԸĵλҲǷǳġ
µͷȮͬǳ⡣
һ֧ΪٵĴǸҸģӵԼҰ޴
ĸ̻кܶʧƷɹģͥһλһλµ顣
޷ȻģҲ޷ͨɵģǻͨ飬µ飬Ḷ́ȴԵú
ͬʱڳʱʲô϶Ѿˣλλλλλλ񡪡Щ仯
ܹͨɲϳɳص㣬͸ṩһµĽ;
ЩħޣܹͥӸս
ͷȮеһλ
ȻֻһʧƷȴӵиҵһڲϵսУͷȮһʼģūʵѸڵʹʵ
ٳɳȥͥһλ飬ǿԤƵ顣
ҪսȻǱȥðգܹɳ飬ͳõս
ڣͷȮҪȥҷ鷳
ͷȮԴ˺ڴ
һǸһϵġħ񡱽Ψһʽ֮ԱΪħΪ˺Щͳ𿪡
ֻԴ̳֮Щޣʵޡ
ͷȮʹļҪʵ÷ǳѡ
ܹһԼͬ˵ĻԼλλ˰ɣ
ʱȥߵȼսƴɱɸǿ֣Լǿľ磡
ڿʱͷȮ۾ͺˡ
ǰ׳˶ӣֵʵ㿴ңʲô۾ˣֿġ
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Ȼ˵ΰͷȮΰĸұµӡֿġɽȻһЩԴļһ
һȻֳԭ͡
ŶԴ˵еĵͷȮ𣿡
ȤĿͷȮԺ˴˵еصŵͷȮ
ʲôȻ˵ͷȮмʶȻ֪ͷȮǾ͹ԹԵı˰ɣ̫ʹ࣡
ɣ
ץץͷԼ·ǿкǲģھȻһͷͷȮҪԼѵǴ˵еѭ
ΪʲôҪңǳʡ
ΪʲôһˣܹҵʵøǿǵͷȮ
Ҳ˵Ҵ㣬Ҳ㴥ŭ磬𣿱ϾҪȳҡ˼ĵ˵ͷ
ͷȮûзϻмһͷŴͣȻһĺֱð˳˷
Ǽܹһеĺ
ǵصĺͷȮһ˲䣬ס˷ǰĴ
еˮ֣Ѹٵıɱ߲⣬˲ͽ˱֮С
ͷȮ췢һЦȻٴŴ졣
Ŵģҵͷ
βʲôһڡ
ķźı㣬ͳͷȮ˹
ͷȮмǸͷŴ죬Žζ
ŵķɵͷȮǰ
ڵȴζͷȮֻ۾ͬʱһȵ̫ͬһĻ⣬͸㣬Ȼ˲͸ͷȮ
ͷȮ˲ҽţܿ¶Ѹ½Ļ棬Ҳ¶ȸӲĶס
ըѣĽıһεţͬ꣬ͷȮ
ͷȮ͵شһðŨҵ⣬һбȫΪ˻ҽ
վͷȮվ
˼ֶΣƾ˲ҡ
ĵֱϵĹ޷Ҳˮϵһ֣Ȼڷ˵ȴܺû⡣
ͷȮðִ⣬÷Щ档
ƺǲɽϵеκһϵ
һִ
ͷȮûٻش𣬶ٶſԼ졣
ȴûпͷȮʲôͻȻоܿһƺεסˣá
࡭Ҳǿ󣬿ʹ޵еģ֪ΪʲôΪͷͷľ񹥻һʹɽĽɣҲû˭ܹҵľ
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Ȼһһ˹
ͷ֮ľ룬ɡ
ֻҪӽ˷ܱܹͣԼצһ
޷һֱͷȮǰǰ׼ǰצʱ򣬷Żعȥһʶ
ֻסҵ塣
ס͹ˣʶҲһľ񹥻ɽ񹥻ģûС
ǵģҲᾫ񹥻ƺһ¡
ͷȮһ㶡
ҪʲôʱޱȳصĹһӡѾϢͷȮͷȻûκηӦʱ򣬾ͺݺݵͷȮмһͷϣ
ͷȮ˲ҽ
Ȼͣı
ȫһɡ
Ȼӳһȭ
һȭصĻͷȮĶǸ֮䡣
һȭǺܴȻȴͷȮޱȾ޴˺
Ϊһȭ֮䣬ʮŻźХײͷȮϣײȥһɲǣѸתΪֲͬķȻײһ
ͷȮӴֱըɳȥɣһ·ȥģǽɫѪ
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ͷȮϣſֲ˿ڡ
Ȼļ䶯ţҪǿָԼȻôҵ˿ڣȴô׻ָġ
壿
˿ȻͷȮһ䡣
ͷȮʱﻹ˵ϻش
Ŭ޲ԼȻԪˣǶ֮ͷȮ˵ֻҪָܹĵȻֲܹġ
˵壬ܵ𺦣ǺܶҪʱܹ޲
صڣгǧںɽսлٵһ飬һһĻָԼ塣
һϵ飬ȴŸʤı֡
Ȼָܹ壬ǣҲҪһβ̵ʱɡ
̾ϢͷȮ¶ľֱ飬Ȼ֪ɽȫٵ㻹ָܹ𣿡
㲻ɱңΰħǸҵ´󽫣ɱҵĻǲŹģ
ңҲŹҰɣôΪʲôҪ޴÷ŹأͷȮҿ㣬µȥɣĹޡ
˵仰֣Ȼһƾͺȥ


297 ͷ
ͷȮǸҵˡ
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˵һ仰ȻƮȻԶȥ
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뿪ʱ򣬷ѾԼȫĻ֮ͷȮֽΪӡ
ҪɱͷȮҲǺ׵һ£ϾնŵĵͷлƣʹͷҲȱƷ
һ̵⣬㹻ͷȮλλԮ
ϧǣ˺üʱʱ䣬Ӳùһӡ˸飬Ȼ󽫻ûܹȫָͷȮɱ֮󣬻ûһĸԮͷȮ
Ȼ֪˺նŵĳǷ׷׳֧Ԯĸȫסˡ
֮ǰˣնžҪڵķлͱ𣬿ɲʲôʮ겻
˶Ҫǣֻķʽ
ʵЩ飬սǺģֻҪܹȻȥͿĻָȻָֻҪʱģùһλǿĸ֣֮Ѿָ˽ڸͷʱ䣬ûܹȫĸԭ
ûгΪģǱȽױ𡪡ЩҲۣ˵Щʹ͡ū־ֻܹҪķһЩѡ
ȷѾȫͷȮ֮󣬷һһĶ֣ЩʸС
ɱͷȮ֮󣬷ʼߣѰŸԴϧǣͷȮƺѰԴûκεȤɱͷȮҲûеõκεĺô
֮󣬷صնŵפ֮ڡ
ȻͿˣפرԵŵļ㡣
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¶˳Цݣһµʱ䣬ָ£Ȼ࣬Ȼò˵ĻУȴŷǳĺô
۷֮󣬻һȶڡҪϵ֮ϴˢԼɵһϸ죬ʱ򣬾ǳɵĻˡ
˵úܼ򵥣ȻкܶˣһسµĿţ޷
ͱ޹أΪǵʲ
ʲ֮⣬ʶǿʹڸϸĹУǻִ©
ʱ޷ֲĶ
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츳ǰ;ԲĶȥ
ֻľ֮壬Ҳľϵص㣬Ȼȴܹ޵ĳɳ
ֻҪڳɳĹвز۾С
һֱںСĵıż㣬̫Σա
ѾˡҶǵıֺ⣬ûбЩ޻ܣҪȥԮģ϶ΪЩ˲Ż֧ԮҺ⡣
˵Һ⡱ĸ֣նŵĵӷ׷׵졣
ѵð˵˺⼸ˣ»ȥӦòᱻݺݵĲ˰ɣ
ȻܿľͰ
ֻҲ֪ûпװ֪ιװһ˭𣿡
նŵĵ
Ƿ˵ĵ
˭
󲿷նŵĵӶãȻĹˣ໥֮䶼Ϥֻƺûһ֡
ֻٲնŵĵӣȻĳŷ˹
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ļǵãڳ֮ǰɻôһżûȥô̶̵Ĳһµʱ̵Ĺͣ
Ҫ֪ģնŵȫ֮µľӢӣƷΪˣвٽƷҪɴɵĵӣ
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𣿡
һȻһ֡
פϿգһƬĻȻвĵӣǵһâڹĻԼӡǡ
Ǻ֣ܶոߵУÿ֣õĹ͵㡣
ɱ޶ٵ㣬Կսʤٵ㣬ƽֶٵ㣬׵ʯҩĺͿʯٵ㣬Ź
ڻߵģһƷնŵӣĻаǧ֣ӽĻǧˣЩҲնŵ
ǵĻǳӽ˭õһֻǿ˭á
˿˷
εҡҡͷȻͳԼơ
һâ˹ĻȻֱӷɵߴ
һǧٶ֣ǷʱĻ֡
һŽԾ
ôõһֵģնŵǴ˿Ψһ뷨
ⲻܣ
һ֣Ϊɱһʹ
˵Ļ⿪նŵǵɻѹ֣ȷʵĹܹɱͬȾĸʿĻܹõһĻ֡
һ֣ûõ
ԽɼĵӣʹʥʥʿһȻҲǷǳˣҲֻڻһȻڻңҲǱȽϰڻҡ
磬ʹ֮ϵģ顣
ʥ磬ʥʿ֮ϵģʹ
ڷ磬֮ϵģ
֮ϵģͳνײ㡣
ͳνײ֮£ǿģʹʥʿĴڣҲͳνײ֮µĹײ㡣
Ĺײ㣬ҪҲǱȽϷģͼЩūʿʿ޺޺ЩҲǼӴ
Դ֮ʱּĵӣлߣΣյʱЩλ񰡡ʹǰԮ
£֣ܶѣҪɱ֣ȴһǳѵ飬ȻҲ¸ҪĹ͡
ͳνײ໥Կǲģܹﵽͳνײģĸ᲻ҪȻҲķӣǱϾ
ͳνײ֮£ܹɱԷʹʥʿߺͽɣܹõĹ͵㣬Ƿǳ˵ġ
ˡôܻɱһʹģ
Ȼ˵Ϊ֮ǰԼȥԮʱ򱻶Է赲ʧӣŻҪԮͷȮʱסǣҲǷãڻԵɺ֮ӵĻᡣ
ոĹ涨ͳνײǲܶԶֵ¼ײֵģȻĻһλ֣ʥһʹ֣˲ɱնеĽɵӣһʲôôģ
Щ˼ץץͷȻ˸Ҿ
λ˼Сܰ˸ͷõĻҲ̲һ͵㣬Ҫλչ
ڵ˶ֱӣȻ˵ˣǾͲ̫ࡣ
̬ҲΪλնŵĵ˺øС
նŵĵǷ׷׿ʱһ
ȥ֮
նŵĵǣһҺ
Ҫ⻹ܻܲˣ
죡Ƕ´ȡҸɵһʹߡʥʿʲôģȻûԣ
˵صԴ½ϡ


298 һ
ɵɽһƬЦ֮
γȥνǴջõ˵һĹ׶ȣжвûиԴ䵽˴ʯԴ׶ȣҲһء
ټϷЩҩĺǳɰʦҩʦϲüңôĺòϣ̣Ҳ㹻ǻ۸ľ飬Լ
ãһɱͷͷȮɾûôõˡ
ԹҲҪһЩʹˣڱԵشҲܹģ룬µĵӣÿ񣬾ǰӣȥչԴ֮أҺͼȥˡ
Դ֮صʲܷŹչʺ͹׵ҲܷŹ̩ɿԿɵЩԴܷͬŹ
ӡȻһʺϵ쵼ߣ۷ʵԺµŵŷͥ񣬼Ҳʮλɼĸ֣Ҳ̫ˣҴ¼ӣչĹУҲԵõܺõ
Դ֮Ȼ޷ɵĻפصıԵȴܹܺõѵԼЧҪõöࡣ
ڿԴ֮ɻ֮ͨĥľ硣
һɵԶԱ
ţɽ磬Ҳĸ;ÿ˶ԼŬɷٷչ
ϾɽڵĽײԹ̶ںܶ˵ǼܽһȼɣǴڵΨһãǽЩǱʵĵȻ͵һȥ
мĺܶ࣬Ѿɥʧ˽ȡ
ɣȴǳ
Ϊµ֮󣬷е̵µƷ
Ҫģɴ
ɽϵĴ󣬿פصĵӣԼķ룬βƵķ
ɽһֱ
ֻҪɴҪĹ׵Ҳ൱ľˣһĹ׵㣬ڴӼµҪȫ׵㡣
Ǹָߵȼؼʱܹ򵽵ؼֻܹɼʿܹ򵽵ؼܹɼʿ
ȻźеĸҲԴؼɵĺܶӣѧϰĶǷݸϵص㴴ź͹ؼ
ЩʽؼȻ̸϶ôȴһֺܺõĽÿ˶ܹԼص㣬Լĵ·
ЩȻҲҪ׵ɡ
£ӭһƽȷչӡ
Դ֮أܲϵѰҵõĲϡʯṱ׵㣬ʵҲһһȲǰš
ͷһļ㣬ŬţһһĳŽɼǰ
ɵĵǲϵĳۻŹ׶Ⱥ͸ֲϡ
û̫սĵӣڲϵƵҩߣĥŽ˵øӵǿĥŽҪøӵơ
еӶڶ־߰ŬţеŶŬ
ڵٶȣҪΪеţֻһʱ⡣
һգںͷ죬ɵķչٶȣʾԼ̾Ϊֹ̬ȡ
̶һʱ䣬ɵķչȷʵ÷ݡ
ʵÿ춼ڽɾɣҲ̫࣬һЩдУնźܶƷĵӶѾǷĶֻ֣ƷľӢӣܹڽлܷ
˶ֻ֪ΪдѣĻԷķͶԾϵص㣬ģ뻹ǡ
ڵķɽ磬ҲѾһЩС
ԴڣԴ֮أһɱͬȼʹĽɡ
ڸսУһкܶ࣬ȻԴ֮໥ǣƵĵطܹɱһͬʹȴ˲Ϊ
ڻɱͷȮʱ򣬷ŸոͻƵɾ硣
һʱҲĶ֣Էߣʥʥʿʹһڲμһٳսսȫʤ
ĳɼϻɱͷȮսɽѾһš
֮޵С
ɣͬλ񣬵ͬʥʹͬڷ
Щڸͳνײ㡣
Էţ˵òһ㣬ͳνײ֮µ޵С
ҪܷкܶˣȻЩ໥ǣƣԴ֮زֵܳ£ƺаԵ޵У
޵飬ᴫԽԽġ
ɽȵķ֮⣬ɱȽϤĿһٳɳ
Դ֮غͿռԴ;ټפϵĺԴӦڼʱʮݷʼչֳ˺ô
ʮʱΪԼ޷ͻƣԷΪף㡢нֺĸ߲㣬ͼλޱģԼ鴫ȥ
ɵĵӻ϶˽ҪģֻǴԴۻѡ
ڣԴ֮ǵĳɳޱȵķ١
ڵɣ˷֮⣬Ҳ۷ȫӦˣʼŽǰڲϵθԼϸƽʱƺʲôɵɣʵȴȻ纣Ҳ˿̵ʵҲѾԽɣﵽ˽ɵĲΡ
ֺ֮ơ˵Ľ졣
й˳Ծģټɵһˣ֮ǰҲƺûչֳʲôɫ츳ϾһֱڶĴߴٵʿڷΪ˰Ϊ֮ҲƷΪ
쳯ĽٶҲܿ죬ڶȹٵɽ֮Ʒûдﵽ
ڽʱȴ÷ɿ죬ڻһЩʯĲ֮󣬹ٶȣѾ֮ǰһֺںֺһ𣬳ΪɽеĸƷ޽ӽ۷ʿ֮һ
ĸƷ֮£Ƕ˵Ʒ
ʯӦѾﵽ˺ܶµŵˮ׼Ǿܹ¸Ƿµʯ£ɵĵٶȵĲ𣬾Ϳʼ͹˳
ģ֮ǰӪѧԱǵ츳Ҳɫģڻ϶ƷΪҲʼʵĻʯ
ĵӣ˵ҪһЩͬʱЩУԽģԽչֳǿ޵츳ϾͱȽϴķҴ塢Ҵ塢޼ҴԼҵ˱ЩȽģڸʱ͵õ鶴Ǹǻʣ˻ʱӵõǰǱǵҪõöࡣ
ڴ󲿷ֵƷӺƷӣ֮ǰЩƽ
ҪΪеţѾ๻ֻǻҪ׶ĥѣʱƣǻԽԽġ׵㡢ŵʵǷӵɴеŵޣʵ๻ˣ׵ɴ󣬾ͻҪʱĥ
⡭һʱ䰡
̾Ϣ
Ϊµ̹֮׵ٶȱ֮ǰΪһʱ˺ܶ࣬ȻȥһɵĹ׵㣬Ҳǻ˶ʮ򣬾һɽһ򣬺ͽеŵһǧǻޱȾ޴ľ롣
ٶȣʵǳˣҪ֪ЩɵĵӳԼŪɣӼ嵽еţһҲҪǧʱ䣬ǵٶȣܹһܹΪеţѾɱܶˡ
ŷԥһ£ȻءһϢһϢ֪ĸ


299 ҪҪ
⣬ЩЦԷǵĸо
ʲôҵ˵ʲôǺϢʲôǻϢأЦҿ㻹ͬʱ˵ɡ
ðɣϢǣڶ˵һûᣬ̶ھпеŵĻᡣ
ôõ£ǻϢأ°֮ʵ
ϢǣýħǸҵս
˵仰ͿֱĿҪˡ
ôҰҲֻһ˶ѡЩˡ
ô£˵
ǳӵĵ
ħǸңǿλ񣬵ͬڹɵĴڣԼȻѾڽǿһˣȻ͹ɱž޴Ĳ
οħǸһųΨһܹʵĴڣԼҪôͶԷ
㵱ɱͷȮԭ򡭡
Ļո˵һͱˣջĵҪסԮˣɱͷȮ𣿺ðɣҲӦ˵ϾɱͷȮĹ׵ɺܴĺôǸսɽĿ𣿡
ȻĿţʵһֱ֮䶼һЭ飬Ǿǽ֮ϵģܳ˳֣ˣЩʹʥʿ߰ʲôģԵǱߴħǸҪսϢʱ;ܾҪ󡣡
⻹ࡣͷ
ȻһҪ󡣡
Ҫôôࡣ
ǾҪͻƽɽ׶εʱ򣬸ʱ䣬Ȼս㡣
󣬽ͻƵɣһҲҪüʱ䣬͸ꣿλˣһֱڳɳԺͻƵ˹ɵĵزҾĶ𣿡
Ǻܴ󣬸ҺųܹǳôУҲûôģʾΪֲƽսĻṩһСԴ㣬ڽܹٵԼʵ
Ϊ
ţ嵥ҿ˶ĶҪһСҩɽһеţҲ޷ӵһСһϵţʸɽڲռһ
ջ𣿡
ûеģϴ˵ˣҲȻܹܾûܹǿɽκ飬ҲС
һС򰡡
ǰοдǾģսӮ˵ĻֱӰеŵλãҴڿʼÿԴֲеŵķݶɡ
أ
Ҳ㹱׵㣬ͬÿ궼ᰴеŵĹģɷٺ»
Ǳȥƴ
ԲӦ
죡

ҷԣ̫Σˣٶôôû㣬ܹɽܺõȥԸһĳɳȥһܹΪϴ̣ڣ
㼤ҵķԷսɵĵѾǲɽʱ¶ˣħǸҵĴɽ磬ҲǱ֪ġ
飬޷ġ
ڵʱ򣬾ӵо޴ǿڳɳĹУ𲽵Ľܹķӳ
Ҳ˵ܹﵽʲôĵزעġ
˲һܹͨϵǿԼʵʵҲܹͨŬһЩͻʵƣﵽߵľ硣
ĽײǳܣǿģλλλڳʱλþѾ̶ˡ
λ֮µЩʹūͣūѣܹĸȻԼĻָˡ
أΨһһͨҰޣͻȻ֮Ȼһ·ɳ顣
Уһ࣬ͬʱҲһΪԸıʽﵽ۷һڡ
⡣
ڣһ飬Ҫս
㼧Էž޴ģҲΪпսʤҡ
ܹúܿ죬ҲܹԽսɹֻƷɵʵܹڽɾ޵УȻֻʱ䣡
ʱ䣬㹻ӽɵľɵľ
˹ɵľ磬һܹܸ
һܣǿɲ˵ģԸҵضѷһƷȥ
ɽ磬Ҳ޷ֹƽֹ
ʲƸȷʵþˡ
н˼һ֮һСȫУôĹ׻ֺÿ갴еŷŵٺ»ǰȫ嶼ˣֵôࡣ
żҪнȴֻ̬أȻ˼ֵǮҲֵһǲðʧȥգԾһҲ
ջɱ˵񣬸нһʶࡱ
ԼŬߵ˽죬ԸӲ÷ðա
ֺҲڵǰٶȣѾȺܶµҪˣȥҲֻҪʮʱ䣬ǾȴĽеţûҪðա
ɵĸ߲ǣһԼ̬ȣ˶ԲμӾķԡ
ǵģεǳĶģһֱɶǿ֧ŵģʧȥ˷ҪٶԴʲôãǽδ
һֱ֧°ͣ˵
һֱ˶ˣת
ǰ㻹һֱû˵ء
ʱ˲֮µɵһ֡
Ȼٳ֣˶֪Ƿ֮⣬ǿĸ֣ȻɣȻȴƺޱȵӦɽ磬ҪʯԴʵÿȲ
ֻƽʱ̫ûΣԴҲԼͬĺ
ǲͣս
ͻȻ˵һĻȻŵ룬ˣη𣿡
ͬʱͷ
ұҪηǰ̣ǷǳԶġ
˿ûһ˿Ϸ֮ɫһϣһֱţļޣԲϴ̵ЩţܹĴɾɾΪܵģȫɾĴУôһܹﵽȫɾľ硣

֮ǰ˵ڵɵѾǵĲ֪ͬȫɾѾ֣ŵ塣
ɽᣬȴǿɾ
Ϊĳֲ֪ԭ˵ɾ
һһֱڣĬĬ̵ɾ
ǱôͱڸĥУǱ˵ɽĽ̫ˡ
ֺЩԾĵʮʱ䣬ƷΪƷɽҲبδеٶȣ
Ц֪ȫɾƷľɾľ磬˶ʮ꣡ٶȣͼֱڹһˣ
Ĭ
˶͡
Ϲ˵ʮʱʱ˶еһС
ȫɾĴڣ
ǲ֪ôİɣҸǣһһУϷٳɳģȻɽĴ򣬾ɴ½Ĵһڣɽ绹һƽķΧ󣬿ϧȫɾҲû뵽ΪĴеӣƽĻҪĥԼ־Ҫ̵Ľһһ
ҳϣӢۡ
ҪҪսðԼʵ㿴Ű졣
˵һ仰ȥȻԼ壬Ҳ˵ʲô


300 ս
˵ʱ򣬷һֱڻ롣
Լߵһ顣
ѧԺԼ겻ô
ȥðգõȫɾĴУʼԼĽɹĽԺ
Ժ֮һ겻ô
һֱԼ뿪Ժӭٶȵķ
˴½ôնĻ֮£Լʵǻһ
ɽ磬սޣأսͷȮԼɵľ磬˽ɵľ硣
ףԼȷʵûĬĬ£ȡùκεĽ
Щ򣬺ܺõıеʿˣ㹻ʱȥȥԼʵ
ԼڴУûеõ̫ĺô
Щȫɾġ
һȷһΰģޱȫܵĴڡ
Ȼҽҽˣδܹҽ
ȫɾĴܹ˶ܵмĺôȴΨȫɾ²Ĵߣõʲôô
뵽΢΢Ц
ⱲӾµ
º͵ɨڳɸ߲㣬ڼϣͣ
ЩȦ΢΢졣
ΪѾоҪһ̤Ϲ¶ó̡
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սҲӱܣɽıӻӹˣô´أ´λһΣҾͲκεĶ֡
ÿʵû·²űģصҺܲˬȻص㣬ôҾһֱðȥɡ
ЩԴҺܶģףǷҪսǳԼıġ
Ҿܸҵս֮Ҫ⽫ҽĿꡣ
λɾͰλˣһʱλѾԻ
ҲƲסԼ飬ʼĿ
˹ŷĲӣƾ
ıİοš
ɵ˳ĬţͬʱվԷ¡صĹݴ
ûҲûǹ
ڴ˿̣Ǿֻжܹ˿Լ顣
ڼƽ֮󣬷ſȻ΢Ц뿪ʽ
һ̣⣬뿪ɵɽš
նɽš
˿Ÿ֮µķľˡ
ɵĵ˵ͷˣҾܸҵս
ڵϸ˶٣ʡ
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һʱ䣬߳ɣٶȣȷʵǿ󡭡ѹɽкܶͼӶѾʼΪ㽫ɽĸı֮ӡ
֮ӣ
ǵģı֮ӣܹıһˡ
˵˵ͷĸңΨһܹϽ顣
ʥĸѪΪʥ⣬ͬǵ߸ʥ紫ͳĴڡ
գΪǷδ֮
ɽ磬ûгֹˡ
㣬ȴڶ̶ʮڣƷƷɽûйٶȣҲ͸ҡһΪıһʽĴڡ
أ
ǺĴڣˣûʲô֮ģصĸǽĸԴԻϣҲɽһ֣ͬģû˵Ĵڡ
Ĭ
ҡա
ЩֶϤ
Ȼ˵УЩǷǳĴڡ
ңŷħǣܹصĴڡ
Ѫʼ棬кܶΪΨһܹԿĴڡ
գδ𣬷֮һ
ˣƺֻˣԶԶûܺᲢ۵ĵز
ԼĶ֣Ǹҡ
һܹϽĴڡ
ԼҪβܹ֮ԸԷ
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˵̾һҺһλвݵսĻôԲһϵ飬Դ֮ءԴ֮أҲǵսֱӷ
㣬͸ҵľпǽһɽĸ߲֮ľ
ҪϵսԼʵĵڣֻҪϵѰҺʵĶ֡
ɽѰ㣬ҪսĻԴ֮أһõط΢Ц
Դ֮أޣҵĶ֣ĻޡҺǹϵͬҲҵĶ֡üͷ
˹ЦԴ֮أֲֻһ顭иԴ֮أеԴ֮ϣܹͽ۷壬ǹɼ˶ԿޣЩޣõĶ֡
˵ţһ˦֣ӳһơ
ϣͿͨеԴ֮أеɽɶṩԴģúǶ֮ɽһ
ӹƣȻʵʧô죿
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ΪʲôͻȻľսûʲô壿
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Ȼġˣɽ綼ˣңҲʲô塣
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ҲûҪıɽͷҾڵɽ磬ѾѾǿ󣬲Ҫ̫ĸı䡣Ĭһ֮
δ飬˭Ҳ֪ǿɾҲȫ˽⽫飬ԣڣΨһȷķ
˵㲻Ҫ̫࣬Ŀֻ꣬һ
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޴ĸɽͨŽɫԣԶԶĿˣĤ֮С
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ƥ˹ɽϵһСɽͷɽͷͬǣɽͷ긲űѩ飬Ҳ̫Ը̤ɽͷ
ѩĶ㣬һƽأһѩԭ
ѩԭĶһͷ޴ģѩ׵ǣ۾
ҵս𣿺Ǻǣɽı֮ӡҸҶ㷢սʱ˾ѾעܣҲΪвܣô㽫Ϊҵϡɽ˵ϰҵֻŶٵ̲أ
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ˣɽǸ˽սֿ֮ɿˣ
翪ʼ˶鿪ʼ£ޱ˵ս֮⣬Ǻĵ飬ڣòһǸȤ֣磬ʼ˻
꣬Ҿս
÷֣ҲѸٵĴ˸硣


301 Բ
ءһ죬εˤ˵ϣ̵ĵ棬ˤһӡ
ǰͷޣЩĵĴ˸ǷȻͷŷ
ЦȻ
Ѿǵʮˡ
ͷɼĻ޵ʱ򣬷ͶԷսʮÿζǺ޷ģͱ޻
ɺͽɵ𡭡
ǲһҲһ󾳽
Ǹϵ
ɡɡɣףڴ
ɵƤѪ⣬ɵĴ澭Ƥ㣬ǽɵһһϸĿģһġ
ǾԼ壬ܵĴﵽ
壬ڽ˵ġ
ܹɻ֮תϸܹ¸ϵķ
÷ڸԼϸĹУһҪѵö࣬ʵҲһҪǿöࡣ
ȻֻԼϸ߳ɣȻȴɿƽɾ޵С
ɽĽɣʹǷߺʥʥʿĶ֡
һսУ֤һ㡣
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뿪նŵפ֮·ߣϤƬԴ֮ϡ
ֱӽ˽أҪͻǽ֡
ΪӣͬҪýʵģһͷܸոմﵽɾĻޣͷ֡
ΪԼϰԽսʵһͷոսɾĻޣ㲻УҲܹŲı֡
Ͼôѹ׵Ķ
壬ڵȡ
Է˽⣬Ҳڷڵ֮¡
οйһӡлţЩڹȥһԸʹʥʿߣԼɽĽǣܹȡһٳȫʤĹؼ
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þ˶ٷֻҪһ̧֣ܽκζ
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ɺ͹ɵĲ𣬾ʹλĲ𣬾ʥʥʿʹĲ𣬾Ĳ
λȻֻʹһȼȻλȴ飬ʹֻͳĴڡ
Ҳһ
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ӵ֮󣬷ǰͷһȻȻת뿪˽ء
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ΪҪսٺÿҲԼĶ֡
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ڷ׼뿪ʱһ紵
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ٶֶΣǰ̫ãֶֻλ࣬
̡ܽһ
ûбĶԽ̸㣬Ҫ̸ģǷ˺ⷽı֡

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кܶ಻ԼģȻȴܹЩ
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ν۶ʵԶ츳ܡ
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ͳνײ֮µ߾硣
ߣҪԲпܳΪ
ʹҪԲпܳΪ顪ȻǲܵģʹԴǡ
ʥʥʿʹǣҪʥӯڵÿϸпܳΪʹ
ڣҲﵽĵز


302 һȭ
оǿĻ֮ÿϸĸоһ
һ̣̤Դ֮أһԴ֮档
Դ֮кܶ飬Сģеģģشġ
֮ǰĵطСԴ֮أޣǿ۷塣
ڷ̤ģеȵԴ֮ء
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ޣҲǽ۷壬Ǻ͹һʵĿֲޡ
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һɱôʹ͡ūȻһΪ飬ܹõͥı

˶ΪĴڣɼһжôѡ
˼ģ̤һ
̤һķʽѾȻģؼǣ̤һķ


303 ð
Լóʲô
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ϵȫܣΪһǳϸţΪɴ󲿷ֵķͨԼļʶ´ġ
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ҺСӡ
ɽ룬ڵĺĵôĸߴһеѸЩֶҶˣ˼ϵģǶԷκε˺
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ɾһ£ںͷڵɽǷ׷ͷųԼʼĸһ档
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ֻ̫ڣһֱڳĬ
Ȼ̫ڳĬڵҲλϣʥʹϺͷϵĸ֣޷κεĶ
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λʹĸ֣ɽ絹Ǻܵġ
ĸ֣δ֪ǿգҲֻҪ֮ϵĸֽδ֪ǿգͲ⵽˵İ㡣
ֻɽ绹Ǻһ¡
ȻҲסĸңȻĸı֮ӣȴЩˡ
ղûʲôֻ΢ЦĿδ֪ǿյķ
δ֪ǿڣһòϴźɫˣͬһģδ֪ǿڻС
ı֮ӵѪӦúζɣңǰսڣҪı֮ӵѪһ㣡ҸŽΪף
ںҹУ壬ǿΪһ壬ǿлţǸĴܣҲ޷ޱߵǿѰ
Ѱ
һޱȵĻÿϸѾɹӵʢѪ
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ɽ֪Ϯɽˣ˵ѪΪʳĻʥ磬Ҳ
Ȼ£ȴƺһûᡣ
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ǾǿѪԼоͼû


304 һ
޾ǿգ޾档
ڰޱߣ硣
ǿзš
ܹΪ˵ģҪԾǹһ˽δ֪ǿգҲΪԭܵʲô˺Ҫעģδ֪ǿǱŵЩޡ
ոսδ֪ǿգ⵽һͷǿǿվ޵׷ɱ
ͷչɳǿվޣſ˵ʵ΢΢һ𣬾Ƭǿգʼ΢΢𵴡
תӣޱӴǿվޱСͬһҳ
СҲСĺôԵúܿ졣
ӴǿվޣƶҲǺѵģһ˲ͿԽ׵ǿգյıܿ˾޵˺ҧ
һͷǿվ޵ʵԶ֮ϣǿվޣжֻǿ֮ƯΪʳ
޾δ֪ǿգЩǱģ漸ûʲô
δ֪ǿУֻǿվޡ
кܶʵͬǿģȴȽСֻߵޡ
ޣеľ޴ǿվޣҲǡ
㿪ͷǿվ֮󣬷һȻȥ
һѾʼϵ˿ҪըԵǡ
زϵںغеȻѰһлἷ棬ڴŰտʼû谵һĩϢ
ֲ֪СޣڲֻʵıţȻǲ֪ǣôıܣҲѲ˱ˡ
ϣı仯
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δǿһȫµĵطʼĴܣ̽һƬȫµĵط
Ȼ˶ãǿʼȻһһȥ
˻֮鶴죬ܹĵط
ϰδ֪ǿЩϡĿȫ޷Ӧ֮
ЩãȻĿһУҪЩСȻЩСȴɲɱĲ
֮Է˵Ǵ֮ӵк֮Դ֮أ޵еġ
Ȼ˵ȴ޷ȫջ֮
ֻдӻ֮з֮ҪĶ
ЩҪֻȫ޷øʿܵϡ
ÿ˶Լÿ˶вͬص㡣
ͷֿʼһ㣬ζʼžۼһ
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ΪʲôɵɣôѣԼүү
˳һᣬȻŵҪ֪ɵһȣͬʱҲĳԽĳֲεһȡ
ڹ֮£ɻǽɣģֻԼ
˹֮󣬿ʼģԼľ磬ǶͷƣǺնȴʬû̫Ĺϵ
ڹ֮ǰʿɣڶӹɿʼڴԼ硣
һѡ
˵ڹ֮ǰо磬ֻҪʵˣһܹӦеľĻôӹɿʼʾͽҪĶ
Ҫģһʼѡĵ·ĵ·㽫磬ʲôӵġ
ԷһϷǳСġܴһϲСģĻļ޿ҲܴﵽļޣΪһʼ·ʹˡ
ƽʱ̫˵ôһλɵóһ
ѡ
˵һۡ
ӡʱ򲻹ȷǴֻҪһʤ
Ц
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Ŀǿ𣬱һźİװǣȻת뿪
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ĻҪõö࣬տĺˮԲԵĴ֣ȻûĴڣȴʢ
ϳɳ÷ǳڡ
ֻһģͬһζÿĳÿ
ۿ˺ܶȻĿ֮
Ժиֳŵõеʱ鶴ǰչֳԴ
һ̣ʲôǻ硣
һУȴҲһС
Ϣѭ
Իıʣǲȷ
ͷϵʼԽŨҡ
ԽԽŨҵУһ٣ĸ˳
ţٿʼſ
鶴ںĻ֮ʼӿ뷽壬һӿ˰֮С
š
ʮ仨꣬ͬһſ
һ޷ݵĻ䣬˷ͷ
ƺţƺţɫڻ档
ǽ⣬Ȼǰ׹⡢ڹ⡢ƹ⡭ֲͬĹ⻪ڻ֮һһ֣Źһ
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תһȦ֮󣬹һӡͶ˻֮档
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Ϊһģжôǿжôǿ
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۾һָͷСĳԼĻ
ĳƿֲֵĻҲܹ𵽳䲻Ч
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ʲôطǸ쵰ôܵô죡Ⱥ쵰ҪҰ
һȺǿվ޲׷ɱŵĸǳεš
Žδ֪ǿеĸͱһͷǧɵǿվˣͷǿվ޵Ѫ֮󣬵ùĸһͷײһǿվ޵ĳѨС
ȻͿʼǿվ׷ɱ
ò׶ǿվ޵׷ɱ۾
Ϊ˷


305 ľ

չԼɫ磬ͬһֻһģ˿С
ʱҵ㣬עﱻѪѽ
ǰòӢȴɫ԰ףֻ촽ʺεӣͻȻµ˶Էݡ
ǡ
Ȼ֪ҵ֣Ҳνĸı֮鵱ˡҪ֪ݣǻᱻ羯͵ӵİҪı䣬໥֮䣬͵ûЦҹ⡣
üͷƺ֪Щʲô໥ʲô˼
ζһԼԴȻǡѪ׳ҽߵĲΣ
Լٶ˵λȻһգ壬һķ˹
ڷɵǰ״ĵطʱ壬ڿлһĻȣƵ˷Ĳ棬ȻſͣͳŷĲҧ˹ȥ
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Ϊʲôʵ
սʱûзϻϰߣȻ֮ǰĻȴܴȤҲ֪Щʲô
ұڵģֻǽɼĻȡѪҺҳɳȻѾǹɼˣôһܹҼģȡѪҺȥȡǸһѪҺӵĻ͸ҵܹĴڣҵĺᣡ
һЦ¶ŷ
˵ûɱҡɱңͲɽı𣿡üʵ
ʲôû֪һϮ㣬ˣɽȻΪǸ˸ɵģʱҲסҪܣֻӵδ֪ǿĺڰˣʱҲҵʳӵһᰵǸͷûֹܹң
̫ˣɽɾķʥʥѵԸ㣿Ц
޴ļһͲ֪ı֮塭ѾˣҪӻΪҵѪҵôģˣʱ͹̶ˣܹͨɳɳʥʹǣʵǸϼһĸ裬ңܹԼ˽ֻҪܼЩ˵ô˭޷ֹң
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ȷʵҺ͸ڵ죬γֵģ
Լѵʲôı֮ӣ
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ɫƽķٶȼЦ
ֵܣǵĴڣΪ˸ıġԣ׳һаɣһı磡
֣ȻԸ˸ָ
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ƾڵʵȫҵĶ֣ȭͷǺأΪܹȻֻʹĴڣͬһĴڣңȴӵκʹԸ˵ٶȣ㿪ʼʱ򣬾Ǳһɱʱ򣡡
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˲䱬Լеסռ䣬Ҳп˲Ӷݡ
һӡ˷ͷͷųɵĽ⡣
ڽ֮£ûӰͬʱ˲ҽ
а
Ȼʥ磬ȻĴڣȴ֮Ľ֮ķܵص˺
ڷǰ֡
ŭļţȻҲðޱҫ۵ʥ⡣
Ǵʥ⡣
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Ҫı䣿ܹģֻʥĹâĮȻĵҲ֪͸ôģǶ˵ڵɽܲлƺҪı䡣
ʥ⣬ֻǰ̤ϸ߲εƷһɱģֻ޷Ը㣬֮£
ðʥϢĸʼ˳ŸոմﵽɼѣںܾǰѾӽʹ۷壬޽ӽڴʹǸڣԶԶ֮£
ΣͬĶ֣һû΢Ц
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ʼ׼ȥˣսֻʣһµʱ䡭Ѿٵˡ
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ЦЦûлش
˻֮֮󣬹һӡãǿ˿̽һӡΪһȫķǸҲ޷ķ
ǾԼҲûж̫졭Ѿδ֪ǿպĵطˣٶȣȫ뿪Ļһܹ뿪ȻôһڹǣʱϮΪֶܹ֧ã
Цھ뿪ǡһʱǰϮġ
˵仰һն˾ͻأʧδ֪ǿ
ȻһΧʱǰϮ
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ٶȣȷʵͷۣɽʥ磬ûκӵٶȡ
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ո˵ѾﵽǿʹֲΣĻǹ۷ʵڷŸոսɵľ磬ԷͬӵǿĴڣҪǶԿԼδĶ֡
ǰĻԼ¸ϲϺ͸ҵսľսעԼϲϵĻҲǲսӡضޱصĺ
ԼżȻѰһᡣ
ôԼͲż˰ɡ
Уϥ
Լ鷳ľأ׻ʵ
ôڣԼʵȥɡ
һӡΪϣεĻ档
֮Уϥʼ˼ͻƷ
ҪͻƣȻҪԼĵڶ仨
Ȼ֪Ⲣһõѡ
һˣͻƵɼ֮Ҫ۵ڶ仨ͬҪܳʱĻۡ
ͱնŵЩɣʮа˳ɣֻԼĵһ䱾֮󲿷ֵ˶Լĵڶ䱾
Ȿûʲôݾߡ
ȻȴҪ̶̵һʱ۳Լĵڶ䱾
ԶֳԼΡ
Щ㵵ĿŷȻЦ
Ҫͻ𣿷ҳԾ˿̶һµʱҪԼʵܹ׷ϵҵĵز޴Űɣһ֮㻹ûеսصĻô㽫лصɽĻᣡʱ㽫ҵ޾׷ɱ
ЦǿлصţҲϥ۾գգĶŷ
һӡϣû취ƣȻҪά̵ģҲ޷ƵϣضҲĵޱȾ޴󣬵ʱ򣬾ֵʱ
۾ķš


306 ɱ
Ȼ֪ǺΣյΪ
ǸߵĿӣһº޷ϾսǿͻƶķɣǺΣյΪ
ȻȴƺΨһߵķʽ
ȻĻǿһӡķǰսȲ뿪δ֪ǿգͻᱻɱܹǿ뿪սʱƣԼܹȥսʤң
ôֻðա
Դðһֱĳɳѭ浸صУûʲôԵĳɳ
Щ̵ǣǷɴ½ɽ磬ȫɾĹ򣬱˾ʿˣܹĵȴΨԷˣûʲôô
ȻѾ˾Ͳκ뷨ǿʼĿ˼Լĵڶ䱾֮Ӧʲô
һ䱾֮ǻ֮
ҲǷɫ޵ص㣬÷ܹϵı任ԼʣڵҲʿԸ񣬷ޱȵĲȷ
ֲȷû֮ڷͷš
ôڻ֮⣬Լصʲô
֮ģǧ򻯵ķô磬ף֮ǴŷڷϵΪ
ɴ½ϵϵǷޣִʿǿ˵ʿҲóַ
ֻԵеУɴ½ϵʿǣóģǷ
ص㣬Ƿɴ½ϵص㣬ҲԷӰ졣
һֱǰ֮ǰѧһֽʽ

䣬ССͿƶҪ޴ö
ôصʲô
Сƴǧ
ҡҡͷǡ
ǰݡ
һУȻƶ
ͷص㣬ʵǷǳӽġ
ΪޣܹһС
ΪܰһУܹʹû֮
ݡ
һ㣬ȥʮ졣
Ȼͷʼı仯
һ٣ͷ࣬ҲĻ֮ӳȤ
֮ʮƬ꣬Ĵɢ֣ƺڣƺռ䡣
٣һԲļͷֱָա
ʼһ
һ̣ʼ̰ɢ
˿ߣܵȥ¶ĵģޱȷĵ⣬ֱָգ
Ե
֮չֳص㡣
ΪΪ
̡
ǻ۵Ľᾧü򵥵ıʻճ֮
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ڶ仨ɡ
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ԶĸĿŷ˵ͻƣľͻˣ
ȻѾﵽʹĶʵǰһǴʹҲܺɽ˶ԿĴڣȻԷƣѾȫڡ
֮ǰԼľٶȣܹɱ㷽ǹŹֵķúܺãҲĽԷķĥ
أСֻһ
ǿģǳǿ֮⣬ܵѹסĶ֡
ˡӻʥˣǵĶ
Ҳ⡣
ڣһ٣ֶεˡ
붼Щ
ҧгݵĿ˷һۣȻȻתͷѸٵ뿪˴˵ء
Ҫɵʱķϻܶ࣬ڴͷʱȴһ仰û˵
ϢԼʶʧ΢΢ЦЦ
֮ĳ֣ʵٶȵõ˼ɼĶЧ
ȥҲӦ֮¡
ԼҲҪӿٶˡ
սĵص㣬ɽ罻֮صؿٳһ
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ͬʱǿϣŸָĵΣȴûпĴڡ
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ھսʱ䣬ֻʣ˶ʮ죬ԼҲҪӿжˡ
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ֻʮ죬ͳɹͻƵ˹ƷԼĵڶ䱾֮ҲɵЩ⡣
ͬģλԼ֮ˣҲ˸м
ûԼ֮Լ¸޷Լĵڶ䱾֮
ÿһ䱾֮ڽž޴ĺôԽǿı֮Խܴϵ
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Ϊ֮ǰеʿˣרĳһ
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ԼøӵƲУȻĻ޷۳䱾֮
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ĵصǺģȴЩԶڷɳδ֪ǿ֮󣬻һβ̵ľ룬ܹԽüԴ֮أɽ罻ĵط
ʼӿٶȡ
ڵٶȣʮܸϵص㣬ܺúõϢ죬õ״̬ȥԿħǸҡ
ȻǷǰҲûзԼľ裬Ȼ뿪ˣľ뿪
Ҿ뿪ˣδ֪ǿôǿվޣСĵĻҲͻᱻЩǿվ޸ɵ
Ǿ̫Цˡ
ɶԼγ˺ܺõıûϧԼڵĻ֮
˾սĳأȻܹõϢʲôҪɽҲṩ
Ϊⳡսɽ档
ɽ˵桭Ҫ
ϵǰǿУһԾ޾ǿա
ЩǿǿվҪŵļһ˿̵ٶȣȴ֮ǰѾԾǵĿƷΧ
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һ·Уʮ죬ۿҪ뿪δ֪ǿգԴ֮ڵĵط
ʱ򣬷΢ʱĲӰߡ
һӡֳɽ⣬Ҫ塣
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һޱͻ˷ڣ㷽ÿϸ˻֮ȴ޷赲ޱģȴʥԵڴƻ
һѪ
ڵĻܣѾܵصƻ
һӡ˰ȻŭһִĽ⣬ͬһĳ˶Է
¶εĸûеֵһӡĽ˫۷ųޱȵĹâŴһ
ģƯڿеѪһ£ȫԼУ
һ̣ͱŭĹһӡֱӴɣȻȴƺоκʹһ㣬һһ߹Ц
Ǻζɽĸı֮ӵѪԭζʣѪȫ׳ɣ
˵仰ٶʧһ룬ͳ˷ͷ˫صĳŷͷȥ
ڱѪɫʥڴƻŵķǿ˫ֵ֣ס˸һ
ޱȼ̵壬ڸһ֮£Ѫӷ첲˳
ٶһѪ˸ɸɾ
ĴЦ쳹δ֪ǿڣԼٶȷӵ˼ޣԷչ˿籩һĽ


307 ɱ
ĲӰΧŷ衣
ڻΪʵ֮󣬸һȻƮȻԶȥ
Լٶȣӵ˼ޡ
ÿһڷһ˿ڣϽѪҲᱻøɸɾ
㲻õֿˣǲκλظĻģȫѪעҪΪңΰĸã
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֧ţȻͷĻ֮ͷ֮ȴϵڲ
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˵ͿֲȻҲ֪ʲôطÿշһѪƺһ֡
ޱǿģȫѪʢÿһһЩȴڿ֧š
ż
δ֪ǿգûܹȵ˷
ֻҪϵĽܹһһĽ
Ľ÷ֻ֧ܿţܹһӡϵͷųǿҪͷϣȴ޷һ㡣
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Ϊżȴż
ɱ˾սڣҲһ
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㻹֧ʲôãֻʱ䣬ǾսˣѾϲˣɽ棬Ϊ˸ɾ֪ξսŶôΪֻ͸֮Ľ𣿾֪˸ңɽҪԴ˺ʹܶ޷ӵеľ޴ԴˣҲκĻᣬɣҲܵǣ
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ֻǲϵڵֵŸĽѰһ˿ܵ
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ҲҪɽԷʼѲʱɶԷĻɱ
ȻĻҲҲҪɽŭ
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Ϊ׼ֶΡ
¶ݵЦݣͬʱڷıһ˷ȻѸ֣̽ץ˷ıġ
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ķͬǿһĻӰͬǺһǿĴڣ
ȻǿĴڣһצѾ̽˷ĺģֻһ̴ܹ壬ͳ࣬ȴʼ޷ٽκһ
һεסǿա
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ѪȴЦúܿġ
ȷʵǳأ⼸ϵĽ壬ܵص˺
ȻĽֻڿ֧ţȻȴڲϵĻ

ڷ֮֮󣬶Է⣬ָӵһ㡣

ɽֻлɽ󣬲ûʲô󷨣Ȼ䣬ȴܹγɺһ
ĽУ֮һֱڰֵŸĽû֮ء
Ȼ֮ΪʲôҲͬأ
Ϊ֮һֱڲ
ޱȵģסռĴ
ֻĴ󣬲øҲܡ
øҲס
һУɵʵİ
ԼأҲҪ취Ѹɵ
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ҪɵͱΪԼѾռ˾ԵϷ硣
Է͵Ϯˡ
ԷڸķУˣ֧š
ڣڽ֮ڵĿռ䣬ȫڷѹ֮¡
Ӳ˲ԼǣĺһڣĻ֮鶴зӿ˳Ȼʼ޲˵塣
ȴһĹ̡
ŵĸԼʱѲ˷Ŀơ
ǷʱŲµķǷȫļϡ
ʵȷǿһʱᣬҲ޷ѡ
㲻ɱңǸı֮ӣɱңʥ綼Ϊ˶ŭ
пʼ¶һ˿־塣
˵ҲǸı֮ӣΪʲôɱң
ĮȻĵǲǸı֮ӣҲɱңҾɱ㣬ܹƽ
û˵ʲôϱǿҵʥ⣬壬εĻм䡣
Ȼ˾ҪɱôֻܷԼ˷֮ٸһ
ʥаǴľâԵУһ򷨣Ĵݻһе⣬֮ͬɽֽԱģ
Ȼ˵Ȼ˹һӡͬͷŹåһֱӾ˸ͷ
ޱȳصĹһӡޱȳص
ʥȻãܹѹһеǰȴûԵñķʤĵط
һӡȥͷð˻ǡ
϶ĳѪʼĲ˻
ֻΪ˲Ӱεػ˲˸ȫȫĵͬõһ㣬ǧٿס
㣬ǲǷйһӡεĽԭأ޷
һֱĵһϢ֣ͣȻĻ֮ð͸ķС
ʥ˵ˣǻ֮һֻ֣Ǿһ֣ڣ֮ţĻʼð̡
ѪӸðľֵŻ֮Ϯ
ɵֵס
񣬿ʼ񶾵䡣
ɱңҲϲսˣܸϵ״ҲᱻɵԶҲ޷ȥ
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ĮĵȻ֮ʼȼķճһƬڻҡ
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һ˸Ļ֮ʼصڡ
Ѫ֡
ڻĹУһҲ˻֮Ż֮Ļع飬ͬĽ˷ڡ
ԭԶԷѪеľϸöԷֶΣʥǰķ𣿡
˸һ֮󣬷ʼãԼٶȣҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ǹ츳
ϸϸ˼廯Ϊ˲Ӱɿĳžս֮ظȥ
սֻһʱˣȻڵٶȺܿ죬ܸܲϣһδ֪
ڷʼ·ʱңԶδ֪ǿյһ䣬һѪ
ǵѪͣȻʼı仯
һһ𲽵ֳ˸塣
ȫֵʱ򣬸ϣ¶˺µı顣
ҿ׼һξѪķȻܹҵ
ޱĸһ֮󣬿ʼ
ȫҿһαѪָ壬ʱҲޱȵʵһͨɶȲҪѪѸٵĻָԼʵ


308 ȴ
ɽ֮䣬һ
綼ɵģڸ֮ĵط޾δ֪ǿ棬ͬ򣬲ʲô塣
Ȼȴǳ⡣
սĳء
֮䣬򣬹˫ĳԱżľսϣƽĻ˻ˣ޷ӿлò䡣
ܹõģֻǿ
ĻȻ˵ǹƽʵϣǲƽġ
;ǿԴǱ
˸ģǵͶԷԿȻⷽ棬ʹơ
Ȼɽǣǽơ
ǳԽƷˣţͬսУʲô£ܹĶ֡
ɽɨ˻ĵĵ
ȻΣɽĴȴû̫ĵ
ΪһԳƵս
ڽսʱֻǽɼ𣬶λʵϣѾ˺ܶˡ
˵Ѿλ۷壬λҲֻһ֮ң
ͬʱҲģսˡ
ɽ翴ǣһȺûпӣһûУֻɵԼȥˣҲһȺţ
ֻҲЩս顣
紫˵еս
ңͬҲóս飬Ϊĳɳһһս϶ȡԼǿĹ̡
һսĶ֡
Ķ֣Ӯ
ˣɽ罫ḶĴۣĴ˲ɽĸҲɽĴǶһӡ
ɽĴ˵һӣǺǷŭ顣
ΪһֱλȻķŻԳ֣ڷԼʵ
ڷǰδ֪ǿ֮һֱûʲôϢˣʱ޷ֵĻɽ綪ģ࣡
ֻпˣûѵˡ
ĳΪһӵ˵Ļôɽӣᶪøɸɾ
ǽΪ糰ЦĶ
ȻֻһλһԿɽ绹磬ǳĹע
磬Ҳܹע
սһ쵽ʱս֮ǿУѾǿĴڡ
һλλսһϵİī˹ͬһλǿóս飬֮µλλ
ɽȻҲⷽԿ˸ʮϵŵźеľӢʮ˺ǧ֮⣬иһľڵѾǳԽ˵ʵдܼǰѹ
ܣߵһɽ磬ܹȴܸǿʿ޷Ǿǧϴ̵ĽʮɵԼĴɾѾǼΪֲĴڡ
ɽ硢ʥ磬Ȼû˹ȻҲǿĴڣڹעⳡս
ǿĴڣΧǿΧͷųƣǿջ
Ȼսȴûκε𺦡
˶ڳĬĵȴţȴžս˫ĳ֡
ͻأģһͷޱȾ޴ѩƤëľǣսڡ
һ̣Ϊһ󺺡
һȳƣϴ޾ĺϢҰԵĴ󺺡
磬չǿ
ħǸҵˡ
ڸҵʱһֱվ֮ǰİī˹ͻȻˡ
ޱϵ쳹ǿա
ѵɽĶֺڣ
ǿϢ˲ϯһƬǿգɽǿǺ͹ǣЩܺĸо
ܺʹܿȵλ񣬹ȻЩ˺͹ܹԿģ
һ֣һ߰ߵϻסԼնŵĹǣȻɫҲʼޱȵѿ
ʱСһֱڱĿԼ۾
۾׹
ͷһģһȴȫͬˡ
ʬԪֻʣ˵ѾնȴһʬʣµԪʧʱ򣬾ͻƴܾ磬ɲεʱ
ͬһ
ǽգû˵ǽʲôʱ򡭡ż
˵ʱҲƺѹ˹ȥм䣬γһ΢ƽ⡣
ǣչ鲻ܾȥī˹ĬһᣬȻ
Ȼ
˵ĵȻһӣһɳ©ǿ֮С
һգʣ¾Ÿʱĸʱ֮󣬷ɽˡ
ī˹˵ͷС
˫ǿĴ̸֮ûӰ쵽վĸңվֳһУûκεĹϵһ
λλˣʼĵȴ
ĸʱ˵ֻһ˲
ɳɳ©ǿζʱĶȹ
˿Ǹɳ©˼
ŷӣĵǷʲôΣա
ȻҲʲôֻţϣܹʱĳ֡
̩ϣ԰ɫ޾ǿա
˿г˽⣬ȻѾͻɵļ𣬿ʼڽɽ׶οٵǰ
ʵΪһеŵˡ
ȻڽĳУȴ޷κεá
ֻ
ܸܵûȥ˼
򵭵ĵĻȴɵĵǣʼġ
Ȼ˵ôһţǣΪʲôûг֣˵ʲôΣգ
վǿա
ͷһֵĻ
ɵĵҲڿǿգⳡǺܾûгֵľɽϣһƬҹĻս龰Ͷеɽɶܹ
ɵĵھڿǸɳ©ĬĬţǸɳ©©֮ǰܹ֡
ǼţӵˣֻҪδ֪ǿ֮ĵطܹ˲ﵽս
ɽĴǣ
δ֪ǿ֮ĵطܲϢ֤ˣδ֪ǿڡ
ʲô鷳ǡǴӣ
ȻĻ֣ܲ
ʱһһĹȥɵĵǣҲʼ
ûܼʱ֣ʲô𺦣ɽ粢ûʲôϰߣȻˣȴɽҲʲô֮ء
ǽģȻݲ֮
սߡ
Ѿȥʱˡ
ī˹ͻȻ
һʱ
ޱĵ
Ǿٵһʱī˹ЦЦĵǣҲͬʱ¶˷̵Цݡ
᲻ֵģҪǸҲ֣ҾͰʦš
ɵĵУһߴ׳ȴϸϸĵӵ
ҪǲͲŮˡ
˺ͼͬʱ˵Ļ
⼸֮ڣ쳯Ǳ޵ʿѾ׷׵ķɹɽ磬ҲУΪɵĺ
ڷɴ½ʱǾƷ۷ʿ޵еĴڣ֮ҲӵɼʵӵѡɵȨС
ǵǱʣɸ߲ȱݡ
ڣҲֻܵȴţȴŷĳ֡
ɳ©ɳӣֻʣһ㡣
ī˹ϣֳԵļЦݡ
ʱ΢Ц
˿ʼеϢԴ֮ϣ
ͨδ֪ǿգʱ̸ϵ
ɽ磬ͬʱһ
ôֻҪ˾ͺá
һ̣̤գս֮ϡ
Ȼɽ磬ٴγ˾޴ˡ
ǳԾˡ


309 
ɵĵǣ˳ԾʹĽ
ɫһף˹ȥ
ģĸ˵ͽ˳ӣ
뷢ŵĺȻֻǸոյƷΪǰĻܰѸˡ
ǿеķǱ
ȫ˿ڣܶ˿ڻǳһĴãǻѪȻǸովһսŸϹġ
ڳе˶üͷ
˾Բᡪ˶ܿóģ˵ϵ˺ǶǴҪģֻҪ㹻ǿôָܹôǱûн˿ϣ֤ڵѾࡣ
ˣⳡӦӺһաͻȻ
ī˹ҡҡͷ˵ʱ䣬ܹģ
ǰķī˹󷽵ͬһ㣬ȻڳǰʱȻˣȻͷϵ仨ȴѾ֤ڵľ硣
ͷе䡪Ʒ
ѾܹλԿʵȻ죬ҲλѣλԹɡī˹ûոһӮ
ȻˣȻܸָĻᣬˣӮⳡս磬ž޴ĺô
οǸı֮ӵĻܹɱĽҲŸĺô
üͷ
ī˹Ļץס˱һ㣬Ҫ÷˴֮ԴⳡҲû취ֹһ㡣
һյʱ䡣
ͻȻᣬȡĶǡ
һ㶣Ȼ˹ȥ
ī˹ŭˣȻΪλս
ԵĵȻһյʱ䣬Ϣһβɣ
˵Цɽ粻ںһ㣬ֻҪڽ÷ּɡսǽգû˵ǽʲôʱ򣡡
ɽҲˣ𣿡ī˹ŭ
ˣˣߡ
ֳԵʱ򣬷Ѿɵǰ
˿˷һۣȻ¶Цݡ
жһСƿ
ϷҲû̫õҩö˲ָɵķˣҲһӮĿܣ͵ϷǼ̳Ƶˡ
Ц
ҲЦ
˴ƿȻһŰɫޱȹ⻬ĵҩ̽ԼĸС
ϣʼðһɺƺƵǺ֮ӵ
ͷķ֮ͻ֮Ҳ˲٣ϵ˿ڣڷٵĸԭ
㹻˵Ҫԭ̫ѵһ¡
ī˹Զɽǵĵطˣ鲢𣬾ֻһָֻҪǵеҩܹѸٵĻָս
ŵҩ÷ָɵ͵ָһս
ܻûȫԭϻвٵ˿ڣǺ֮ǰͺõ̫ˡ
ս
۾ޱȱڷɨ
𣿡ҵ
ĻǻʧʼɵЦ
ƻûã죬ҵᱻɣΪҵһ֣ǿҵ
ҵʼصϣ֪ܹʱָԼʵ
ܴ󡣡΢Ц
ҲĻᡣҵ
ǾԿɡ
ЦţĻһζ˻һ磬ʧ֮С
Ƿϵӵ޵龰
ŷʧڷУһ̧ͷ
ʢƤëʼۿɼٶȳɳ
ţͷշһ
ۿɼԸΪģ˷ײ˹ȥ˲ͺɨ
沨ӿɭֱҶ裬ɽ֮ϷɳʯҵһԸıĵò
Ȼȴû¶ԼΡ
˶ʼͷп˱ܣʵȴԵ÷ǳĴʱȥԽãʵпԽĻָ۷״̬
һƷλе۷ڣҲᴦ̫·硣
ܹﵽɵˣѾȫ״̬֮⣬ͷÿһ仨Դǿʮ
ۺʵλ񴿴ıƴҲ·硣
ο˻иķ
ֻܹһֱɽԿҲȫֻܿԼԸ֡
ÿ飬ضǵ츳ܣҲǶԿɽ
ûܽصĵطŪüͷȻͻأֳԭ͡
һͷ޴ѩǣս֮ϡ
Ȼıһʶ
⣬Ҫҳˣɫһ䡣
ѩǸҵԭͣ͹һǵıӣǳ
Ȼȫ磬֮УȻζȴΪʧʧ
ҲûܹԸҵص㣬ֱܹޱϸ΢Ĳ
һ룬ͳһƬֵϿա
֮ǳԷϵԼΣͬʱԼζıͬһľһ㡣
Ȼɱ˳
ħǵǰצһӣ˺˿
ڿֳΣˡ
һ·Ѫ
һ֮£ˣ
һҵ˿ڣظ֣֮ʺѪҺڲϵ
ɫ⣬˿ϲϵ˸ţ赲˿ϡ
ڼ֣Լظ˿Ϸ
һ͵ˮ˿ϵⱻ˲øɸɾ˿Ҳڷٵ֮С
ȻȴƺκδϢĻᣬοʼʧڿУһ룬˷ٶ̽צ
ٶѿһ˿ڣ
һ£Ƥıҳһ飬ҵͷ˿ȻͷһļֱӾ˽ȥ
ζ˵ƺѾоҿҪλˣ
ͷ̾ϢһȻԷҵĹ
ϵڶţȻ壬ȴڲϵˡ
һ߶һҡͷ
ҪԼѪҪԼ⡪Լʲôʱɮı֮ӵĴƷ
ȻЦȴûзġ
֪һսΪλеٮٮߣʵ֮ϣοոպ͸һƴԿԲǶԷĶ֡
ڶܣҲڳﱸ
ڶܵͬʱڲϵԷΪȡһٽһ
Ȼܹסôס͸ĸңҲ̫⡣
ʵǿԼĶֵʱ򣬷󣬻һֺЧֶΡ
ΪʻճԼĴǷʱ뷨
ڲϵĶܣʱԸӲһҲҪԼıʻ
ɵʱ򣬾ʱ
ǿҲûڼ½лһֱڼ֡
οƣûпȥôء
鶴ڵĻ֮ݽߣͲݽߣЩ˿ڼԼϣֻΪԻԷѡ
Ȼսû֮ԼãôԼı󣬽ҽɱ
ǲʲôı֮ӣ˵ĵˣͲٶԼʲôв
ѾˣңҲԼ
ȻվԼĶ棬ôԼ취ɵǾˡ
Ѹٵһ˸ҵһͻƮȻԶȥ˳ڿֻһʡ
֮𽥵ζŷķ󣬼ȫĳ͡
ڵȴһ̡
ֻҪ̶ʱ÷ǳƤɱ걾
ͣҪøԼȥȻѸһĸˡ


310 Ͼ·
Դѩǣοꤼ
ڻķ󣬾󶦡
򣬵ʱ򣬽ˡ
˿µѪǶµĲ
Խ࣬Խ͡
չ˳óսص㣬Ȼ˸һϢ֮󣬷ĹĪ⣬Ȼÿζܹ׼ȷѰҵΣȻԼĹڷºۼ
оں͸ҶǸٶȶԸûʲôôڸҷĽ֮ԼѪûκʤĻᡣ
ѹָѡȡѪǿԼʵ֮ȥ취Ըҡ
Ҳ֪ԼǸҵĶ֡
Ǽֱӵöֱ࣬ӾչսҪԷ˵еɽı֮ӵѪ⣬߶ĸһĽ
ʵϣ֮ǰͶԸշֱ𷢳սֻʱûг֣Ǳܶս
ı֮ӣǿʶ
ĴҲɱңȴס˸ҡ
ڣҪɵԼﵽߵĲΡ
λ۷ľҲ˺ܾãͬҪһԼʵ
Ѫ
ڣƿԲϵĻָȻƻָˣ𺦣ȴ޷ıġ
עⳡսɽǣǵġ
ΪڳϣھԵ·硣
纮˪Ŀеľ棬ұ
ͬ
ȻֻƷΪȻΪڷɴ½һȨƵǣڴ˿̣ͷ
ԸͬҲųɫ֮֯ȻǵĸʵûжȴɱþչøΪ١
һ㣬ǷǼ㣬޷ͼɭаˡĺɽ˺˱ȡ
ֻǸոշɽ粻ãƷʵɽͬһ㡭ȴĵ
ڷɴ½ܹͳζӴһȣܹ쵼ѧԺһǿѧԺôǾģɽҲӪô
٣ɽ㹻ĻȨ
ʱ򣬻Ӿ磬磬Ϊᡣ
ȥչء
а˦һӣٿȥ
ѧԺԺͬʱ뿪˾棬ѡȥչء
Ƕţڷɴ½ֻ˼ʮʱʹﵽ˾Ʒ۷ϵΪ쳯Ҳֻ˼ʮʱʹﵽ˵ΪɹĽɽ硣
ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ǾԼǿľ硣
Ժ뿪ˣҵȴû뿪
ż㣬۰Ĺ
˿ȴƽ
žϵķƺҪȫϸļһ㡣
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ӦöһЩġ̾Ϣ
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һʡ
ӹһ˵ĺ;ʱһƺЩһ㣬ȥһֱҽŽżںϵһ֮˲Խ⴦
һͣҵβͣݺݵĳ˷ıϣʱѪģһƬ
Ѫӷϵ£˺ڣͱѩΪһ塣
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һΪֹԼڵĻ֮ս鶴ڵĻ֮һ㶼ûá
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ﵽߵʱ򣬷һڻɽϷ˸ȻԽ˹ȥ
Խɽмʱ򣬷֣һ¡
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˫̧ԼԼģƺһ֧ʺһѵ˫֮С
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ԷڵΪҲһʱ޷Ӳıùһӡĳ˷顣
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һΪľǣҲ޷κζĿԡ
֮ӿ˹ȻսûκοõԪ֮Ȼ棬ܹӡޡУӲС
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Ȼһ֣ͽԶԶĴ˳ȥ
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ˤڵϵʱѪð˳һѪˡ
鶴ڵĻ֮һ˲ð˳Ѹٵİ﷽ԪҲκս
ЩĿ˷һۡ
Ȼôһ֡ѹҾ㲻Ӧôġ
żѴӵķҡҡͷ֮
ȻЦϧ㻹ǲһ㣬ֻܹȡʤھԵǰЩСУûʲôôġ
̾Ϣһ
ղŵ޲Ѿ鶴ڵĻ֮ȡøɸɾ
Ѿûκεĺ֡
סǿĸҡ
һӡΪղŵı˾޴ѷ죬Ѿʹã򽫻Զ顣
ͷķ֮ͻ֮Ѿ޹⡣
ڵʮȥţ˾ͷ۵ľǣϵȻ࣬ȻɵԪʧȴôױֲġ
˱ϾҲûеĳ̶ȣˣҲҪʱ
ϧǣҲʱ䡣
һһĳŷ˹ȥӿ֣Ƶӿ˳ԭء
ܣҲܲ
ֻξ룬ӽʱ򣬾Ƿڡ
ı˾·


311 Ľ
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սܴȴûܵĿռ䡣
ҵѾȫ
ǰֻǲٸκεӴܵĿռ䡣
Чһӡش죬һֱս֮ʼ޹⡣
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սǣҡͷ̾Ϣ
ǵȻܿóѾ˾Եľ֮С
𣬷޹
ӱܣҲû·ߡ
Ҳһ̣ͻڸҵУɽҲӭһʧܡ
ͲֲһˣŬˣԼȫ
ɽ˵Ը񣬷ı֣
ɽ
ɽˣǷˡ
粻һǣǵĳɳʹŲľǰ
չֳģɽʡ
˵üĿʼΪһƪء
ڳǣҲͬʱͬһƪ
ǵֻͬء
ǲģˣҲлת
ǿʼΪʱǣ¶΢Ц
Ȼֻһλ֮Ľ˵ȴټģܹɽʱ̡
ϵҫ
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ųԼһһ߹ĸңȴȥ
أҲľء
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λ۷壬ҾǿԺƽ˶ԿѾǳԽ˴󲿷
ôҪԸңԼ¾ҲҪﵽ۷壬ܹͶԸԿ
Ҫﵽ۷壬͵ýԼĶȫ
䱾֮Ӧʲô
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ڶ䣬Ƿ֮ɽ֮յǿ
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ھԵǰκСУûõġ
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Ч
սܹõģֻԼ壬ԼıԴ
¶΢ЦΪҵ˵仨Ӧʲô
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ٶ̧Լ֡
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߻֮ұ߷֮м֮Ȼһ壬Ϊɡ
ɣ۷壡
֮䣬˵仨ĳɳʽҲΪҪһ

֮ǷԷͼɵõ֡
֮Ƿظ֡
֮Ƿʶ֣
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֮ǰݡ
֮ء
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ȻսûκοõĵطȻͻƵʱع򣬻˱ǿ״̬
Ҳһɡ
һ֣ԭѾѿһĹһӡð˳ָӡ
֮Ĺһӡֳ˾ŵ⻪װ
ìҽȫװķһһĳ˸ҡ
ھսһζԸҷ
һ޴Ǻڿеĸңɾԭͣͬ˷
սڿʼ
һìܿҵǰצеĳ̸ֱҵǰء
򵥵һһ̣ȴǷսںϡ
Ҳûȥ㣬Ŵ졣
ҪɵԼˣҲҪ
Ǹǿ֮ڵĲΣȫɵʱ򣬾ͬλҲᱻһ̵
ǿ÷̳ȥĳҲ΢΢ƫơ
յĽ
ֵܵסҵɣô˾ͻᱻ̵
û̵ĳţ壬Ҳ⵽صƻ
յƴʱ̡
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гҲһģŸҵŴȥ
Ľ
˭ܹѹԷܹ˵֡
˵֮󣬾ܹȡþԵơ
𽣵Ľʼһ˿˿ѷ졣
Ĳϣʼһһĵ䡣
ڸǿǰ֮һһıٵ
ȻһͬǿӷУͽ𽣵ı壬ϵ޲𽣡
𽣾ģһһıĥһһΨһģڳŸҵǰûһ˿ƫơ
ҵɫˡ
ʼԼ֮ڶʱû߽ⷽķ
һŵĻϢȴܹԼˣ
˵ʱʤĿԣ
˲һܵص˺Ҫʱָģ
Ȼ˿Ҳȫ˺ͷԿͬҲû
Ľ
սĿʼռ˾ԵƣȻڣȴʼ֮С


312 ˣ
ĽҲһߡ
壬ҵ죬ߡ
ڸǿǰһһǰƶ
ƺĽҪȴиҡ
ƾԼҵԽԽɫȴ˿䣬ֻרעģһ˳ȥ
ҿŷûпκεԥͶֻޱĮȻı顣
ͻȻ֣ԼѾ̽һɻǻ̳ȥ
뷨һֱͬʯһĸңҲɵöҡ
ͷȻ֮תΪһѩϢ
֮⣬Ȼѡ
ĶԿУѡӱܣҪȱԼ
ĶԤʾʧܡ
һھͻ֮ΪⲻӱܣܹõķӳʵŲȥɻ
໥ƴʵҪǿĸңʵǲġ
ȻȴˣսֻǼ㣬Ķ

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ͻָ˸ҵš
ޱȺʵģλһ֣ҲδܹƵĸҵƤëһָ֮£˸
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ɵǼһ
ɽӪУźȻ˿չֳʵֻǹ۷壬ڳ˶ϰٸȻ˿̵ķȴǴԼľ񣬴Լ磡
ܴ졣
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ǿʼ׷׵ӿս򣬶ԷԼĹء
˿ŷϳ֮ɫ
ǷڵĳԱȻԷûʲôС
ʮ꣬ͳɾ˹۷ΪǺη
ˣһ֮ЦСҲ
һΪһΪһΪبδѽĳɾͣ޿
΢ЦȻԷݹȥһ
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Լĺӵ˴ɽξսͶ˴ԴӮˣɽҲ˺ܶĺôȻӦ÷һָ㣬ĪҪ٣ϾҲð˺ܴķա
ڻһ֮⣬ĺôȻù֮ʹ˻
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飬ûʲôôҲԸȥɡ
ĴھͶ˷ٺ»֮ȥְͥͳְλÿʮֻĿȱҪͷ
ӮһѵľսȻž޴ĺô
ȻǹܷһЩʱ䣿ɿ֮ش
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ЦЦȻꡣ
һڵפλãڶȥְͥĵص㡭һ֮ڸȥɡ
꣬Ȼ˹⣬Ųߵ˵ǰһ
ǿŵҩҲĻ˵ֲ֧ͻƵʱ򣬾Ѿ˸ҵ
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˹ĴЦҲǹ۷ˡһеŵź⣬ֻҪϵţǻҪܶĹ򡣡
˵նűӻɺܳһʱ䣬Ȼ֪ڷ˵˵ȻҪģȻʵȴҲͬҪ顣
ⲻҪ˶ָ̡ĵ
Ȼ
һ֣Ȼãնصѵ֮ǰӶѾص½פأÿͬС
ԸҲЦ
˶Լڵİɻ˻֣ԼȥնŵפأȻͷһͬɵפء
˷׷뿪ս֮սʼ˼žֻеȵһսʱһƬ򣬲Ż
Զδ֪ǿڣԼ˿ڡ
ԭݵĸң˿ͬһͷǱҰһ㡣
ȫ£ҵ˿ڣ˿ڴȻûмѪȻҪָȴҪޱʱ䡣
ķȻܹͻƣӲİҴλ۷һͼū磡ҲݵģֻҪҵҾܹϵĻָһΣǰʱһøӵǿȻɵ㣡
˷һ֮󣬸վ壬ҪȥѰЩСԼĻָ
ʱһ紵
Ȼ۾Ȼǰӳһצ
ͬޱǱϵĶ񶼱õĸð˾޴˿ڣȴӽ˸ңȮҧ˸ҵĲϡ
ҷһŭȻ󲻹ԼƣһצͳԼĲȥ
Ѫĸܵһұ۱ֱץ۵֨֨ҽһ
ΰĸңôӵģ
ŸҵѪԼζ촽֮
ҽµĸұԼû˵
Ÿȴʼ
Ҫһĸ˵Ļһָøǿ󡣡
ҲǡŸͬ
˺۵ģͬµĸı֮ӣδ֪ǿ
ΪͽҪɵԷܹԼøӵǿ
ͷޣһ


313 ҶŬ
Һ͸δ֪ǿڣͬͷһ㲫ɱһʱ򣬷ȴǳɡ
ǵģ˵ɣⳡսȻ֮࣬ǰҲգȻգȴĺô
ʵѾǾĺôˣοŷԴ
һľסȨζܹӵһԴΪ֧֣Ȼ½̩ԴḻȻһ򣬰չ˵ҲһƷʮƷһ˵Ǿ޴ĲƸ
ӦĿɽҩٲ˵ġ
˸ǸҲźʡŻģȴɽҲźܴôĿʯҩģռ˾󲿷֣ʯʯ
Ʒʯ飬Ʒʯʮ飬ƷʯʯɵǵʵҲضһԾ
ʵɳΪһеţûʲôģֻҪסǵǻҪŬ
ɽĹеӦֻռһͨϵһ½ģռݵǿǴӮģȻӵȻҲֻʮʱӵУʮڣܽϵŵĻ޷Զռġ
ϵŲռһ𣿡˼ʵ
˵˵ͷȷʵˣնţռݵľһܹŵĻܹռһӵŵʮ֮СϵʱܹõԴ͸ˡ
ôϵţҪʲôҪ󣿡ʵ
Ҫͻöˡ
֮еţҪ󲢲࣬ӵнɶʵӵлɽԼӵ㹻Ĺ׵ˣӵԳΪеţûʲô
ϵأҪľ͸ˡһ㣬Ҫӵ˵ʵУʵڻһ㣬ʮʱ䣬ĽΪˣ̫⡣
ĬĬĵ˵ͷеֻн۷ʵΪϵŵˣͱӵ˼ʵԾҲƺһЩ
ϵžܹڱԵشΪû˵ʵĻȷʵ޷λʥʹĴڶԿ
ŵʵ֮⣬ǵǵʵˣնžһ׼ϵţ°ɣΪĵӣһϵŵı䡣
ͬʱҪܹĴĴҪԴ࣬׵࣬ȻҲ࣬һǣռϾͻҪɵĹҵУҲǳҪ
֮ʵɵʵͷеƣ֯ͱһжǱҪɵָ꣬һ㣬С
һ
ɣĻʵҲ֪ǵʵʲôĵزΪԼӦ˽սԵʣǰһΪפأԴõ˼Ĳ䣬ɵǵʣӦû˵ʵ÷ǳ졣
ͷôһԴӦ㹻ӿֳһмˣú׼һ£Ҳûлᡣ
ϧԼ飬ԱҲû̫ôȻĻԼǱ޵ĸ򣬵ǿɵʵСء
˼һ֮󣬷˹ͥ顣
ͥǿǸò£˸˵ʵϲģҲһ֮⣬ְ񣬿ɶһһʲô˻ְͥλܹóƽٺ»ʮٺ»ͬʱкܶŻݣЩ֮Ȼͻ֪ġ
ЩĵңĻᣬҲʱɵȥְͥʮꡣ
ʮꣿЩԾʵ
ȻˣʮѾܶˣȻĻÿ˶ϣְʱԽԽõġЦ
ͥһʲôĴأ֮ʵ
ĴڣɽķĻɽҪάִ򣬱ϾɽŵϳŸ֮⣬Щɽĵײ㣬ǵҲ
ɵһһĹңһЩѹƵ鷢ͥǵɽˣøһЩ
ȻؼһǣЩûפԴҪռ
кܶûפģԴĲƸҪȥգȥ㹻ĳ͡ЩطŲٵĺöЩոձɹҲ˵һ
Ϊʲôôţʹأ֮ʵ
ףʸʹãοɽÿ궼ӣȻҪ㹻򣬲ܹӵĵطȫȥ³ֵʲôĵطȻЦ
ĬĬͷѶɽ磬Ҳˡ
ڿֻԼõһʲôְλɡ
ʮʱ䣬ܶŪһЩöĻɵĵǣɳҲܸɣ
һ·죬ڽ͵ڵ򸽽֮Ÿ뿪
Žµ򣬷г˷ܵ
ڻû֡
Ȼȴ֪⽫һԶҲ뿪ĵط
ڳΪϵ֮ǰŵɽǻ᲻ϰǨģϾҪʲôģʱıԼڵĵص㣬ϵ֮ɽŵĵصͻ̶ĳϣҲı䡣
㽫ɾţҲΪǣȻӸһµϵ
ĹأʱѾ˵ˡ
ڿ򣬷Ҳɵøпǧ
һȺʮ˷ɽһ·룬һһĻܼҵڣȫӵԼ
ڸ̾ʱһޱȾ޴ģװһĿбݣһе̬ǰ
бݣЦ
һ̣ͳ˿бݵڲ
˹ģн
ڻˣ
ŹЦ˹нҲЦ
óڵнʵѾ촥˽ɵıԵҲûš
ǰһˡǸɵÿ治
ǵȻ
нĵѾҪͻƵˣͲıһϸǽģ㹫Ѿǽ۷ǷһҲţʵģмˣֺǼͬҲǽ˽ɼ𣡡
ǵĽȷʵܿ찡Щ档
Ҫ֪뿪ʱɣ˷֮⣬ֻƺͻƵ˽ɼֺȰƷΪ۷壬Źȥʱ䣬ܹ㹻֤жôŬ
ɵɣֻǿԼʼ㹻ԴܹˮɵͻƣֺҲȷʵǷǳŬ
ָſбݻعнੲݵĽڵĽ߸˷
ڷ뿪֮󣬿ʼоΣɵǣʼ˱չء
Щ֤ʳɫĵǣʼøԴԼʵмչ꣬ɿ죬Ҳ
ԲɵӣڷĴŸսеɣӵĿбǧңʵȲμµѡεʱ򣬺ֹϰٱ
ңŬ
ЦָоܺãԼŬɵλҲŬȻӱȽϱȻţɣǰ;
𽥵ıϤɽ㣬ڵϣȴĹ


314 Դ
ͼ㣬粢һƬ̲Ĳݵϡ
ʱϲãѾ𽥵ȥڵͷģһƬƽϲ֡
˶ãҾҪȥְͥˡɣǵðˡ
㾡ȥɡúǿġĵҲˣǻøӵǿġ
˵ͷȻ§ס˼ļ򣺡Ȼ˼ҲѾˣôǵ顭ǲӦճأ
κһƬʲô飿
Ȼǽˣ
ֱ׳ĵˣ㶼ʮˣôͻû޳ȥ˭Ҫ㣿Ҳֻˣ
㷢һУȻֳŷץ˹
Ů˵͡һֺε飬ȻʱŮģ˵ʮҲʲôϾǵ޵ģȻᵽڷǹ۷壬Ҳᱻץһ
ٺٵЦţȻץסһᣬ˼㣬˹ȥ
ңţҪȢϱˣ
ص档
ںͷļЦ
ͷһۣͬʱԷ˹֣ϲϲ
һЦ˻Ǹ¶ĸãºϽ׼ҡȻƷʵȼҪһ磬ȻôǼµ
Ⱦƣɭˣݹȥһ̳ӡ
ʢĻڵڶС
ϣûסΪǸ͹ĶעԲûĴڣҲ˵ȫɵġ
û˵Ĵڣʱ򣬵˺ôǾȫû˻ǡ
һ̳һ̳Էɴ½ϵķʽƱ̧˳ȻɵǵĶɵĵǣʼ˳׵Ŀ񻶡
һֱ;ǱĲûǱĲϴбݣΪ˴ûһ¶ȹġ
ȻΪԼǰ;Ŭû˾ۣǺòôһ񻶷ݵĻᣬ˶ܸˡ
ˣսˣʤˡ
ҲŬ꣬һеŵӡ
ڣǿ񻶵ʱ
һ죬˶졣
һҹ˳Щͷ˵ЩȤ
ڶʱ򣬷Լ۾
ǰļ㣬绨飬Եݹ
ͬʱ
ҾȻͻ˽۷壿㿴ԼͷǶ̵Ļ䣬Ȼ
⡭Ӧ˫޵ĺôɡ˸
ûк˵⻹˫޵ĺô
ǵȻʱ̣˫һͻƵʱҲһֽ˼塣
ĵһʵסȻ˵
ǾҵԼóص㣬۳Լı֮
䱾֮ޱȣչֳľ֮壬ʢ
УľһС
ͬľϵͬļˣһ棬һ
ģһ档
ĵһ䱾֮ʢ
ʵš
ͼǰʱ򣬼˰죬˵һ仰
ôЦ
ּļ㣬ȥԼϲ޵ĸ׾һҴ򣬼Ƶķ֣ԼԶԶŮĶְ
ڴһ֮ɵĸ߲㣬ŷ׷׵
λãЩ˾ͷˡ
ɵţȻӦм䣬ǷλǷĳǷʦλҪΰţȷʵ˾ͷۡ
ڷల˰ƽӣֱüɭˡĺɽ˺а˰ʣµӣǸ˷
λҵĳҲλĳ֮λɵĳϣǿΣ
ûҶû
ȻڼֻƷΪѾ˺ܶɵӣȻǵıȴǶ˶ߣҲߡ
ŵĳǸ֪˶õϹ˸˵ڵĳϣҲ顣
ɽΪȫǿʵŵģȴںǼģԼзʽ
򡭡ʲô֣ʡ
˺ôЦ
ΪɵţȻ֪Լפʲô֣ȷʵЩЦ
ЦûأǶ֮󣬸һ֡
ôң
ЦȻ̧ͷ֮ǶԷɴ½ԶȻɽˣҲԼıԴҿ򣬾ͽжԴǰɡ
ԴǡУͽְɣ
ֺֽе
ҿʼΪˣɴҲгǵġнЦ
λеţɽĹأֻϵŲܹռһΪԼפأڵʹޣʵֻʮʱ䡣Ц֮ͣ󣬲
ƾʲôǷƴսŻõĽͣΪʲôֻʹʮꣿֺŭ
Ϊôģǲܹʹʮꡭ
ʼ򣺡⵹ҲǣϾûĸеܹռһģһ˵Ƕֻһռһ½ռݵĵ̣еפȻ˲̫⡣ͬʱҲΪʮ㹻ñеŸԴѾǱˡ
ɵĵǷ׷׷λ
ڼ˵ҲǶôžֻô󣬶ͳ˶ʮ˵һ򣬶޷Ǿ㡣
ԣǾҪ֤ǿ֤ȫΪһϵţϵŵҪȻûоôͲҪȥͳΣһһĴʣµʵˡ
ʮڣһŬˣǣҲҪúõıչԴ㹻Դξսʤǻ˺ܶĶҪģõľãѸʵؼ顣
˵֮󣬷ͽлõǸ˳
ƷʯʮƷʯƷʯЩƷʯжǧΪʿȻҪȴﵽ۷壬ʹЩƷʯ
ԴڳڵĻۣȻǺ׵顣
Ψ۷嵽ɵһԵѺܶ࣬ȻֻҪһ㹻ԴܹýɵʵѸٵ
ٵ˽۷ʱҪͻƵɣҪԼı֮ˡ
һѾ̤ˣͿɻ᲻иĵ̤һ
һҪһŬͥķϵǡ
һڣʲôûֻż㡣
Ҳʲôûֻŷ
ǵ¡
ʱ䣬ԴǾͷɡ㹻ԴҪðȥطԴĵ
㡭ʲô⣿ʡ
΢΢ҡҡͷҲ֪ʲô⣬ֻһָоɽһЩ飬ҲһЩ顣
ı֮飬Ҳ̫ţǼܲסбšҲ֪һ᲻ɽʲôĸı䣬Ȼȴ֪κεĸı䣬ⲻ˻гͻ
ǣ˼֣ĵȥͥҲȥһЩ飬ҵǻ⡣
ĬѾǹ۷ķɵʵһЩǾӢҲֻɣ󲿷ֶɼ𣬸ģɡ
Щϵűȷʵ


315 ְ
ɵĵӸ֮ԴǣͿʼ
һεסԴǣ֮Ļɽ
Ļɽ󣬶һϵǺҪ飬Ϊϵžȥ񣬴ȫǿĵӣģֻбȽЩӡ
Ȼ򣬲ʲô⣬ȻпܻΣա
֮Ļɽޱȵļ̣ЩʵĵӣֻҪԼע뵽ɽȥɽܹı
ͬʱɽڲиĵĹ涨Ǿǵһϵŵʼʱ򣬸ţֱǡ
ϵⲻҪȥԵشĸǶţ£󷽶ȫĻ˭ҳȥΪɽЧ
ϣֻҪɽ򿪣գǾǷǳȫġ
㹻ԴԷչԴʮÿ춼ԴԴϵĳʯ㹻ǵճġ
£ܹĵȥְͥ
ر֮ɣʼɵ
ˣֱһԵѡ˴ʯʼԼıչأǱǶ֣֮ȴΪɸ߲бȽϺȵĴڣȻġ
ǵʣɵϼǿ϶ģؼǿܹܲͻƵ
ʮҪΪϵţںܶ˿ǾԲܵ顣
еϵţǾڵۻһһѡκ̭ܹӵϰɣϾҪͻɵĲΣһѵ顣
ûܹΪϵţʮҲ̵ܹ㹻ĺôˡ
ȻǷɵˣԸⶫԴǴԼбóȥ
ｫĵط
ʮ᲻ϵŬסԼ
ϴ֮⣬ʵĵӣȫʼԼıչأԴûҪͷ㹻Դչܸʲô
ԲĵǣǸԼĻŸҩݣܲƳʵʵĵҩſбݣɵʵһһӡ
˿ʼо˽ȸУͲŵɽʱһʱһУȻܹĵȴ
ڣʱ˵Ҫֻʮʱ䡣
κһʵԵ÷ǳҪ
Դǹرգɿʼչصʱ򣬷Ѿ뿪˶Դǣ˸꣬ʼǸ˹ȥ
ɽҲɣȻÿ֮䰤ȴȽϽȴȫû໥õ⡣
һޱӴĴסɽ磬е򣬶ޱǢһ
ϵķţϵҲڲϵͷϢûжκεĵ⡣
ûƵĴڣ˵ĸ֣̤һ˲䣬ͻᾪ
ĴֱʣסĴڵķȫֶΡ
ڵһסĴ󣬲̫⣬ȻסɽĴ󡭡Ѿ
ɽĵ̣ʵÿ¡
ΪĴɽ򣬲űӻô˺Ǻƽ
һһɹ˽ӽĵط
һޱӴ
ɽͬΪȡ
ڵĶԴǣµжôӵʮ˵Ҫ
ڱԵشפ̩ǣежԴʮô󣬾նϵţҲֻܹеһ½Ҫĸϵͬʱ֣סһ
ǰɽ綼ϡеϵ
ޱӴɴ½Ҫһ㣬ϵһ㶼Ϊϴ̵פأȻϴܹռһϰٿϵҪģϵ
ǧϴ̣ɽ磬ϵ򣬲Ŷѡ
Ȼƺܶ࣬ȻһɽжôĽжôӴȺͻãһ㶼ࡣ
ڣǰһϵ
Ͽյʱ壬ȵİ׹⡣
Լơ
ŷǰְ
׹ȥ
һɫʺɵĺţĽ¡
վȥ
Ѹ̣һ̣վ˵ϡ
ǰģһޱȸߴϵĹ
ܶΰĽ֮ǰģΰĽ˴½ģ˾Һķʱ⣬ĵ¹
ȻǰҪӵûʴϵϡ
ߴΡǽϣķ䣬Щޱǿķ䣬ÿһһˡ
ͬĻһ񷶥ӳϵǹ⣬ÿһǹ⣬ǿ
ǿڹ߶Ųæƺźܶһ㡣
վڹ֮֮ƫһٷˣҴҵ˹
ǰɣܾˡ¿ղӣ
˵ͷȻſղӣ乬
ֻһɨۣͷλղӣͷƣȫʧ֤ˣղѾ˼ΪҲ˵˾һϵŵš
ȻϵĹٷƺֻͥһͨѡ
ͥʮ£ֱʮϴ̣оƷɹ٣ʮƷûפص򡣡
һߣղһ߶Է͵һ㶼䵽ĳµȥһͬǸϵһеĻ͵ɹٲܹϵ򣬸ֻʮ²Żʸȥ
ŵ򣬻Դʹãܹ䵽һõǿһһĺò¡
ղƺԸܺãһ·Цеŷ˵÷ǳ棬ʮɲȡ
һƫ֮Уһɹ٣ڵ֮ϡ
ɹٵΪȿղӻҪǿ֣ͷֵӰ֣ѾնȴһʬĴܾ硣
ŷ۷壬ΪʮƷ
ɹٵȻȻֻʮƷȴҲŲСȨȥʮһҲǶĵص㣬ղӣ뷽һͬȥɡ
һ֣ϣͳһͿղһģһĹٷֻղϵĹٷ°ڣžɫ˿ߣٷ°ʮ
Խ٣ζļԽߣֻǹ۷ΪȻֻܹΪͼʮƷ
Ե֮ϵɹһ֮󣬷ͿղӲ뿪˵á
ʮ֮⣬ǵͨˡղӶԷЦɻֻһµ򣬲ȴǳĸӡȥ֮󣬿ҪСһЩ
Ѳһ𣿡ʵ
ȻڣǾƷȥɻϵɻ½ȥǽ¹½½֮Ųٵɢӣɲܹġ
Щ¶ĵ˵ͷְͥˣԼʲô֪ء
ȻеطȥǾ͹ȥ
Ϳղ̤ǰɻǵĴʱ򣬷ڵӴҴҵ߽ľ
̫ڵ˽ˣ
ȻȻǰӡ
Һòҵһκȴޱ츳ĵӣ̫ڵ˾ûţ
ŭ⣬˲ʹţطɽǣҲʼ˷ŭ⡣
һĵӰ˷⡣
̫ڣԲ˳֣ڡҲܲͽȥ
Ĭ


316 ɽײ
Ӵʱ򣬿ղѾߡ
ǰģһļС
һɽʮˣģǼפأǱԵսٲδ֪ǿա
ˣˣ飬Ҫǹͷ⻹һο˷ʻļС
ʮɵĵ·࣬Ǹ̯;¥СǵĽ֣ʻա
ͦϲֻ
һ̣߽ϵʱֵձˡǿʼþηС˺ܶࡣ
֪ɼݵʧԶӭ
֪ʲôʱһ۵ӣҴҵĴԶ˹Ȼڷǰ
ڷûлشʱϰӴӺҴҵĸͬȥһ
üǺˣûӭң㲻ʲô
Ӳ¹Ϊ˳̫ءûڴԵȺ򣬲ʧְµٲ֮£ؼҵȺû뵽ʱͨǰʵ
Ŷ״֮Уһӣɡ
û뵽λô˵¾ϲվͻȻƺʲôһ㣬ͨһֹȥ²ң
üͷΪѲʲôģҪԼȥæĴڿȴ
Ϊʲô³ӣͥЩط˵η
ָо÷Щϲ
Ƿɴ½ģǰһ㣬Ǵһ԰ƽȵĹȴԽģڷɴ½ϣʿƽ֮ȻԶȻȴϸĹأʿѹƽ񣬷Ըֵҩƽ񽻻ʳˮƽĽʿҲ˵ūձϥ
û뵽ɽ񣬾ȻẦ˺³ӡ
һ䣺ɣ˵Ͳ㣬㺦¡
Ųվ壬ƺɷǳĺ¡
ֻ˵ЪϢһ£ϾҪ뿪ˡǽʲô֣ĳǳûУʵ
˳Ϊǡڸĳǳء²֪

һأĳǳʲôӵĶ֪ҲǱýˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôת뿪˵أֻĳأ֪ԼǲǴŭɡ
ʶɢȥ֪˳ǵĵ·Ǿη߳˳ţȻʧ
һ̣ͻԼϵĹٷָϰߵĴֲ£ͬʱȫϢͬһͨһ㡣
£͸һЩ졣
Լְֻ֪ͥԼҪ򣬾ʲôûУϵ˱ֶ˵ĺ¡ԷԸ񣬵ðЩ˵
ٶȽ˰ǣʼĴߡ
Ǻܴ󡪡Ȼǰ۹˵Ҳ֣ڵԼ飬Сģ̵ģԷ˸ɲϢϳ͵ۡ
ǻûڡ
ʼһǵһĴйţܿͷˣľûʹûҵϰߣֻϵḻĽǿҲܻԼҪĶ
԰ʳߵһƫƧĽ֮ʶųڸĻץ˼ֻҰҰʲôģڼϾȥһ¥
ֻҰø¥ϰ壬Ȼþ¥ϰǾƣˣʼ
ҪУ˽⵽˹ʲô
ǰɽ˵ǳʲôöмɱ˶ȥˣǽȥ
ȥͲȥɣҪǴ˾ֻһ
Ŷ˵Ļ·ǼҰ򲻵ϰճʲô
ǰǣҲüûԵҰˡ
ףϰ壬ȻӣӲǷ𣿡
ϰָָλ͹ġ
ʳͣͰѵӸ˹
λ֣ܴҰãǲǳӽˣȺѾ뿪ˣ
΢һ֪Ͳ˳ⶫȥƬɽߵϢҡͷЦǣǴģǱߵûڴ
ԭˡֽų̹ģӿǸźüʮﰡ
ˣ·ϰˣҲáЦ
ԵҳէҲ֪ǸʲôӣλֿɷҺһ
λҲģ¾ͳŷ˱ӡ
ڰô꣬Ҳ֪طʲôǳأּȻǣ˵治Զĳǳءһʳ͵
ǰҾסڰӸҪ˵Ǳʲôǳأҵ治ǶǵһЦ
ʲôߵģĶһöŪģ˺öĳǳأδǺ£ҪңǸõŪ߰㣬ҪɴܣֵЩС꣬ӱ򻵣Լ޲
ڶʳͿԹСһ֮Ϳʼ
˰գסڳﻹõˣٳ˲ôʲôΣաһʳȰ
סڳﲻһҪҲ£ǺЩһȥԴеĻֱǶϳ¼ңʵʵһӣǳ棬˿ʯͷ˻ˣʯͷ˵ʲôɵƷһ仰û˵ߣ˻ҪˣǵĳиƨãˣЩҲҶ˵
ֳشˣ˵𣿿˵ʲôãЩɢɣ϶ǹģһˣɢǾͰ죬һߣѹشֲû˵һߣȫҶڳ¥ϱҿһ
ԽԽջתͷǿʼολ֣õˣֻҪһЩϡŹֵĶЩҲ۸㡭ֻҪǲʶĶҪȥǾͶˣ
ΪЩǶõԴ𣿡˼ʵ
ɲǣ˹ٷĿ֮⣬Ķã˭סҲֻܹٷĿɹ飬ǲùأ
Ц
ԭôһ¡
κһ򣬶ŷḻûפصĵطܶǷǳķḻɽٷͨЩ׵ɼЩȻڹٷ֮ĵطͳɢɵ¡
ɢָЩûɼȥȴҲԼȥɵˣԾĵطңգǵ˵ȫûȥԸǡ
ڷɴ½ҲɢޣɢǿɲҴƽʲôֻȥʵʵѰЩ֮
ȻɽɢɾͲһˡ
ɢǻ϶ǸųҲһĿɽϸ˵ʵȽϳɫʱûԼʵľϣҪӵɢһЩ
ӵǿˣʼɢʱ򣬾ûпȥԸͨҲ׸Ǵѡ
λ˵˴ĳ໥֮ˣʱɢϢЩͨꣿ
ӦǰģȻǹĵֻԼܹõԴģǲں
ɹ٣ԴҲĮģɵɻʲôҲûаţƺֻҪڳﰲ㰲ĿɵԴǾˡ
ɽһ֯Ǻ̾Ϣһ
ڷΣҵɽĵײ㡣
ȻɽӵǿȻкܶԴı˷ѵˡ
ǣҲ֡
ɽ統ڷɴ½ͨƽÿ֡
ǣʧȵһƣ̾Ϣ


317 
ʳͺȵòֺ࣬ͷ֮󣬷ĺžơ
һֱҹĻ٣ŷ¾Ʊϰ˸뿪˾¥
һ̣˷С
ԼٶȣڰһȦȥ˳ظеլҲתһȦ뿴ǵΡ
ת֮󣬷óһۡ
Ͱ˵ǵǺܲġ
ɽͷɴ½һͬص㣬ǾḻϾ֮ҪԴż棬ͨҲͬźܴ档
ûɢɵĴڣܹúܺá
ڲԶĵطɢǵᣬڼ
භƣӰŰǣ˯ǣ˯жо˼Ĳ
Ʈ˰ǣǴ֡
ȻЩɢǰǲԴͷôЩʧɡ
е¶Цݡ
Ϊʮɢɵͷ죬ӵ൱ʵƷΪȻȥɽɣȻûɵϣҲͳһ
ֻɢɻкܶ࣬ɻϾв١
һգΪһ˺ͶԷչ˳ͻ
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Ȼ֪ΪǵƬɽָǧѾʧȥԴ֪ˣҲ⡣
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Ǹı֮ӵĻôҪıģľ档ֿϵ£
򲻴󣬷һطһط̽ȥʮʱ䣬ԼҲܵҵ
ɢǵجΣʼˡ


318 
ȷʵ뿪ɻǡ
ҲƷΪֱ뿪ȥһ˵̫ѵ顣
뿪ɻ֮󣬺һ߷һ˼ȷԼ顣
Ϸ˵û֮ǰ˵ԼԼįԼ䣬ȷȷʵʵԼڽ顣
翪ʼɵĿģΪ˳ĿѾﵽˣͿʼ˵ʲôԼûĿ꣬ȷʵЦ
֮ԼһĿԺЩͨһʵʵȥѰȤ٣ҪԼĿ֣ڱ˵ʹ֮ϡ
һ֮󣬺޾ھͽһȥԼϢʼ
һͨÿΪһЩ֮ǰСÿЦĶȴ˵ĳʵ
ÿˣࡣ
ߵʮ棬һţʼӹҲȷʵû̫ζѡ뿪֮⣬Ľʮ˻صԼɽϴʼ˿ߡ
ܺԪĽ۷ԿڵҲͬһλ۷弶ϴ
ϴںԪǱߵȴͻȻһСӣǶסˣԪǱߵӲ䣬ͱСһӸɵ˵ԺĵطᣬǳΣա
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еˣɻϣǾ죡
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ʱ򣬲뵽һ㣬ȷʵ̫ˡ
±ӲҪɣɵĻҲǧҪⱲĽ飬һ룬Щǿͬһ˺ʱǵ飬жôľԼ֡
Ϊ˭ƾʲôǣоĽɴĺ
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֪һʱ򣬰ǵϲҲʮƷ֣εļ


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Ҫ֪Щɢкܶ࣬Ǵʵ˵ÿͷĿ޷ǽ۷ĴڣûйɵĴڡ
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ֻҪΪɽ㹻ĹףôɽᷢһЩƷлߵĲΡ
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ÿһأԼݣȻҳҪϡ
˼һ¾ǣ¹½ϵĸسأȻ˺ް취ȴ˺Ͻˣϸļ¼
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˴ڸҵķֻ֮ҪʮŸ۷֣Իɱһ۷壡


320 ɱ
ɢǴ飬ѡһ׮ǿ
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诹ľȴܴ󣬷ǳ󣬹棬ռ˹ٵת䴦ƬطǸͨ񿪵ĻƬطһƬвƽĺõض
߽˾
Ȼһͷϲ黨ɴ£޾Ůӣôһҡһڵ˹
͹ٿʲôԸ
˿ԷȻЦ
ϰһڣҲôѰ˸£Ц
£ʲôµأϰЦúˣܶԸūҵģūЩҲԸˣԸūҵģūҾ͸õˣ͹˵Ҳǣ
˵ǡ
˵ͷ˵ϰ￪Ѿʱˣ
ȷʵˡ诹˵ͷǰ
诹ԼһƣЦЦȻȥ
ĵӶô𣿾ͲʲôϡŹֵĶ棿诹Щһ䡣
ʲôϡŹֵĶܹңҲͰ׵ˡ
±ӣˣΪһ¡
Ҫ֣ūҲֻԴС诹ĵ
¡
ҡҡͷҵˣ£ȻȴСĵû˵κεҲҪеɢɶʧֻڳͷЩ˺ɢɡ֮ǰҲвģϧҵ֮ǰǾѾˣŪҸˣҲ
诹һ¶˳Ծɫ
һ˺ģһŹҲǣҺɢɣû𡣡
˵仰׼վ
ʱ诹ĵ̾Ϣһ
ǰȷʵû𡭡ǻˣгģҲЩΪģ˺ɢɡ
˵仰诹һ㷭ȥķӦҪöࡣ
۾΢΢һ诹һεͽԼԼûܷȥͬʱǹţķɵ˷ߣ
ǡ󣿡üЩԾĵ
ⲻǷǷ󣡡һһ̣ڷߣʮŵ˸ɫ׮ӵ£Ϣð˳
ͬʱһȵ޷ܵĻ⣬ʼʮŸ׮м͡


321 Ե
ɱԻɱλʹ͹ɵơ
ʮ۷ַܹɱǿһ󾳽Ķ֡
ƣѾһķ롣
Ͼһ󾳽磬ǾԵѹƣֳɫˣܹԽһС֣ܶȻԽһ󾳽ȡʤȴûܹ
㷽Ҳ
οɺ͹֮Ĳ𣬲һ󾳽⣬ɺɣԵĲࡣ
ֲܹĲ࣬ɱȷʵһΰķ
Ȼɽķʦ˺ܶİ취û뵽βܹɱ󣬻Ǳøӵȴɲΰıԡ
ɱԭزã޷ƶֻܵȶԷ̤󷨵ġ
ɱֻڽɻɱɵսϣ޷ʮŸֻɱһˣ޷ʮŸֻɱһɾ
ɺΰ
ɱ󣬾һȺɱɡ
ڣΰɱ档
ǹɣʮŸ׮ģʮŸɡ
诹ϣ顣
ܹɱôȻģܹΪ¹½ϵɢͷĿ
лôһСС诹ǳǳԸ⿴ġ
ɱ󣬰Ҳм䡣
ιڲҪȻҾˣ
诹ⷢһС
ܿԼ˵ǹɣ˻ǴܣҲԸͷͬھ
ȻһУҲ
ȻܿģǸɶʿҡȣʩʩȻĴӾ˹
ʮһ죬ʮŸ׮ھڵȷֻһʿߣӦ
Ȼ诹⾪УʿòΣʼ𽥵ı仯һɷһˡ
诹̲סĲˣǽ׮ˣ
ʿȣӵһߣȻһ֡
Ŵ֮ʹ˹
诹㣬¾Ҫ鷳ˣԼסΪ¹½ϵͬȡʱ䡭ҵһΪ죬ҹ롣
诹һЩ顣
ȷʵ̫
һ仰˵ΪԵǣʿͲʶǸʿνʿɢƣԶԶĳһĽɣ
ߵķƻҪǿ
ڵˣͻȻһ䡣
ʿЦȻһ¾Ͳ³ҵݡ
֣ӦöûʲôǡͬЦ
ڣûġ
ʿҡҡͷǣȴûж⣬˺㣬˵ᴫ²ҿɲԸ⿴
ֻһˡüͷ
˼ԣڵĶڣµĵӣ˵ˣܺΪ٣ڵĵӼԼҲֲʡ
Щ飬ҾͲҪ͸¶ˣһˡʿȻЦ
诹ڸһˣԼ־ܹɵΪʲôҪǳ֣
ɵ㡣ʿͲҲý͡
Цſ诹⣬ﻹǸɵ㣺㻹ףԳֶԸңΪֵĻͻһЩĺۼ£ֻǳ֣ѵ˸ϵô˵Ҳͥ
˵̾Ϣɢɣɢɲʸ¾诹͵׮ɢ֮ɱ诹Ҳڴв˫ͬھͥ˳ҲҲ
ʹ˵ô򵥡ʿЦ
ֻ׮ܹɱ𣿡
ĵͷķ֮ʼâ
ҵȻ֪ҲǷ֣Է󲢲İ׮Żɱ㡣
ʿ͸¶ĹâŲ֪ɣҵоչ׮ʱͬʱԳ׮֮˵ΪϵĻɱ˼ˣ
ҲҪɱ诹øӵĿ־ˡ
ȻҪɱģǰʿҲˣȻôͬھЦ
㻹Цó诹ܲ˼ĵ
ҪЦͿʲô𡣡
ʿһ֣ǰҹζ࣬ǡھɡ
Ļ֣ʮŸ׮֮£ͬʱĲҽУ
ʮŸ׮Ľ۷壬ͬʱĲҽ
ЩɢͷԭֻڲϵĽԼ䵽׮֮ڣȻһ̣ͻȻе׮ɢȵ˲ͽǵ壬һ룡
Щ۷壬ѾԼ壬ĵزڵÿһϸǿ֮
Щ֮Ϊ֣׮Ȼһ
ҽȥʱʮŸ׮ͬʱգ˶е־Ļ档
ʮŵ棬ڿۣȻɢ¡
ΪһԲŷ诹ȥ
ǻԲ̺Ŀֲ诹Ļɵò
ȻҲǽ۷ΪȻԿԽ˻ɱĴɴеս
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Ȼ诹ƯƺҲûɹʲô£Ȼȴ޴ıԼԼҲȥˡðɣȷʵͦ޹
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εİס˷ߵ诹⡣
Ϊšֻѧһ£ܹĳɾͣ
ʿĵȻЦڿѡɵǶԵģȻɳпڵĴȨ
̧ۣʿһۡ
˷ڵĴȨʲô⣿ĮȻĵһֱȻĴڣʲô˻Ầշڣ̫ǾһǲֻһССĹɣδҲ̫ˡ
ʿɫ΢΢һ䡣
ЦȻ̫ںָʾҺܺ棬ȷʵ̫ڵˣǾǺڣҲʮ󶥼ϴ֮һ˿ǺһͨӵӶѣΪʲô̫ڻ
ʿͣ˵κεĻ
Ҳûм׷ʣѾ֪ҪԸԼ̫ڣôܹͺܶ顣
̫ڣɽ
̫֮£ϴֱ̣Ǻڡںڡ
ʮϴ̣̫ڵġ
߸ϴڡҩںģںͷ£ֱֻһϴֱ̣ںǧڣ֮£ںͷɽϴ̡
̫ڵӴ˵͸ӵİԵһЩ
Ҳ˵ɽ磬ͳνײģ̫ڡ
ҲԸı
ƫƫһı֮ӵš
̫˵ȻֻһĴڣϣȴɺӡ
Ȼϣ޷ԷֵģϾںͷȨȴҲῴŷһǱ;䡣
ֻһԸ
÷ܸҵսҲٲ̫Ʋ
ڷԵģһӴ
ȴû˿ľ¡
ˣȻûĵ
㻹ЩǶҪˣ诹
죬ɵ㡣ĵ
诹ⱻҭ˵
ҵķֵ֮ܵʱҪ˷ҵʱˣҪչء
ʱչأ诹ٶȼС
Ȼֻͻƹɵľ磬пܴնľ߳չأô
诹ԹԵı͡
ϥ۾
ֻʱ
ǿ󣬸οǽ׵ģɱ˵Ĵڡ
ķֵֻ֮ܵʱôʱҪʱԼʵȥ
Ψһķ


322 ãã
ɱ󣬷ԼЩˡ
߽֮ǰûвʮŸϢȻʵ˵ʮŸ۷壬İپʮҲ˲ķֺ
ȻļʶϾǳһЩ
Ȼɽ⼸ʮʱѾŪɽĲιɣһЩĴҲ˽ˣȻܶϸ飬ȴ޴ӵ֪
ɱֿɽ
Ҳûлᣬֵܹ֮ʱʱ䣬͸һĻᡣ
Ȼʿŵıʾǿ֮Իɱ˵ĴڣȻڷδء
Էоʿ֮£ȻѧҲʱ䣬Ȼڷɴ½ʱŷḻĸıعľ顣
ԭʵҲ͸ıع򣬲˶١
Էһµʱڣѧ˷ڵڸķڽǱУȫľͨ˷
οˣҲżߵ츳
Ĺ۲죬Ҳܹ˾ˣȻɫ˱Ϊ
ٷģһ˵ʵ֮󣬾Ѿó˼Ϊ׼ȷжϡ
סˡ
˵ʵƷ۷֮䣬Ѿƣ⻯ֻҪܹ⻯ܹﵽ˵۷塣
ǹ۷壬ͷ󣬾ͻƹɾ磬˾磬ֻʣһֽ
ɻ֮ȻûɱģֻڲϵĻɱЩΪĽɣʵûз
˾磬ڻصԴǵĵ·ϣͶ̹ҲûϧԼľ飬Լľ飬˷
νˣǽ˼£Ӷһȫµı仯ͷơ
ƣĳչ֡
˵ͷ֮ǰκ˶ûЯʵĻôƾˡ
ƣĳ׶ΣɺܶĶƵĴСͿʣԼǷ
ҲǽͻƵһ׶εʱ˶ҪޱСؼء
ĻôֵƣҲ
Ʋ⻯ӻȱݣݻʱҲֻһƵ硣
ɽĽ㣬ӵСǧ磬ôѾӵʵɽĶʵ
ȻӵеֻһƵĻôҲһ⻯Ĵܶ򲻹
ˣ۾ܿõǰĽݾ߹ȥΪĻĴǽҲ޷
ʵҲɽµĵ̡
ܶһͣ˺ܾõʱ䣬Ȼ浱ΣյʱôЩ˻ɳĿԣѸٵͻԼʵ
Ҳ˵ɽвʱɽ˲һȺȱ𡢴ܡˡ
ǲȱģҲڶʱɽʵ
˵ɽʱ򣬾ľ棬ʱʱɽ绹СһξսУһȺȻѡͻƣ˫ʵԱȷתһٻĽһĶ飬ǵڶڳ˯֮С
ЩǿͻƾǣںĶԿ˾󲿷֣ٲѡ˻ٵԼʵȻͷ
ˣɽ磬Ǵ
ΪΪɽ㹻ĹͣԶǽĳɳɽΪƵıʱɳúܿ졣
ǿͻƵľ֮ǽᳵ·ҲӵĿ١
ǧϴ̵Ľϰٸġ
ڵȻҲûԼǿͻŪý޴ϾҪͷĻûʲôɽĴΪݻ
Ҫͻơ
Ӱ쵽ͻơ
һѵ飬ϾɵһҲдʡ˵ˣһú޴
ԭܼ򵥣ԼıȻתΪƣȴޱѵ顣
ҪΪĻڵģһ磬ҪԪزɣ
ЩԪأҪıԴŶٵ˽⣬ܹȫգ
һ·ϣֱǲģÿһԪأޱѡ
ɽͳƣҪµ磬ǾҪհʮԪأܹγɣγɵ磬ǲȱġ
磬ҪһٶʮԪأܹγɡ
һеˣޱȵѡ
ȻԷȴû̫ѡ
ɻ֮ʱһֱ˼ͻƵ˵ķ
Ȼ֣˱Լһ޿ɱơ
ȣǴӷɴ½ġ
ɴ½һ硣
Էɴ½ɣǳϤ
Ϥ˽ܹգÿ춼ҪԷˮж֪ԼԵʳˮʲôԪɵģеԭʲô
Ȼһơ
Ǿһֳɵ磬Яš
鶴졣
ɽ֮鶴ãƺʼ˺ܶࡣ
ΪɽԵʣ鶴ǰǿװʿͷ˵ģȴװˣΪ̫ǿ
緽Ϊ֮ʲôʱصĸɴ½ȹ̵Ŀռ˺
ǽ鶴죬ô鶴ȶĿռ䣬Ҳһһܵ𺦡
ʧȥã鶴ֻܹΪĲֿ⣬ĺܹ֮ʱΪԼ
Ȼãڷɹͻƽ۷壬Ϊ֮󣬾Ѿʧȥ塣
ܹ֮ΪɣΪɵԶԶɣͷд溣ԴԴսص㣬˹ɼˣܾõսᵣԼݽߡ
һֱṩް鶴죬ڣȴƺΪһߡ
Ȼȴ鶴죬ԲǼߡ
鶴ͱĴĲͬ
ȣܹɳΣһ
ڷУ鶴һֱڳɳкͣоʼ˻֮֮Ϊһ
ۿһһɳģҪ˽һٶʮԪأ鶴ȫڡ
鶴죬Բá
ҪģЩԪء
ʱڣȫһٶʮԪأȻǲܵģֻҲĥǹ
һٶʮԪеĳľգһĹУܹʮԪأһ
ΪޣԴӿʼʱͬʱϵķ
ϵеԪշʽ˵һʿ۷ʱܹ߰ʮԪصĻô֮ǰʵѾ˳һһʮԪء
кܶԪ֪ĵȴܹãϾϵ׶ͨıЩԪصʽ޴
ʵϣյģһһʮԪء
һٶʮԪأֶֻѡ
֣Ҳ֪ʲôԪأҳɹ鶴зˣֻʱ仹޷˳˽⡣
һֱĹУµļʵĻá
ûбסҲֻҪ̵ܶһʱ䣬ܹȫеԪأʼ˾翪ʼ
ʱʣµԪأǾǴ´ģҪ˾磬ȴֻԪؾ͹ˣҪԼյԪأͨݻƳ
ʱ䣬ǷǳĽȡ


323 
ʿȻվڴ֮⣬ŷķ֮Ƶһ̡
󲿷Ǻܵˣڷо£оķ䣬ǿɽսһ˺ʵķ׭棬Ҳܹһ
ֻٵɣҲܻвͬĴڡ
ʿͺҰġ
ֻһоԱϣߵλãᣬ껹һǧ꣬Ѿӵ˵ʵôչȥڷһߵλãҲܳΪĵϵӡ
ƾڷϵΪҪôඥķӱ㹻ܿҵĿɽҲ̫ڡ
̫ڻ͵͵ĸṩԴĻᣬڷøߣڣɱ˵ҲһĻᡣ
ʿֻ֣õݶѣȵɱ˷˫ͬھĳ棬ȻͿ⡣
ͬԳԸʿΪ̫ڵָ
Ϊʷ
ڷڴô꣬Ҳֻõεָ㣬ȴһµʱ䡣
һµʱȻȫķ裬ĶһǷ֮
ʿǼʵ÷
ζóص㣬һ˵һ˻۳֮óķ֮ս֮ʣµһͿ˵صˣ˵Ķһ䣬ʵϾǴġ
ܹ۳֤֮ڷϵ츳
֮£źüϴ̡ţǱڣҲǧӢӣϲɼŵӣô˵Уܹ۳֮ģŵУûС
Ǳڵǧ𡢴ܺˣܹ۳֮ģҲһǧ˰֮
ɽ磬ķʦʦҩʦͷǳϡ١
ÿɻٶвٵķʦʦҩʦȻܹϴ̿ϵģжˮ׼ķʦʦҩʦԲ̫ࡣ
һеŵţǷڵĵӣ;ɫķ츳ѹ־ǷڲҲвٵӼŷ
ʿʵǸ
Ȼ
Ҫŷ
Ȼķ֮Ҳһǿķ󷨣ֿȻʿķ󷨣Ѿǹɼķܹ֮ļ£ȵʱ֮󣬷󷨣ȻΪ֮ʼʧȥЧá
һӾ̫µ飬µǣĿԼ
ʿ濴ţϣܹֵı飬ϣӰһһסһ̡
ȻͿ˷ϥĿڤ롣
ҪͻƣЦôͻƵĻɳʲôˡ
ʿȻʧЦ
սͶӰпͻƣһٳΪ۷壬Ȼ˲䷭̣ܸҵġ
Ϸһţһп֮ͻƵš
Ȼ漣ԷһΣѷڶΡ
οսֻȥ˲һʱ䣬һʱ䣬ȶ綼ͻƣЦˣ
ǰֻǽ۷壬֮Ŵﵽ˹ɵĲΣȻھսͻƣ˹ɵ۷壬ͻƣ
ͻƿɲǳͷͳȥˡ
粻ȣǿͻƣͻƳɹˣҲǸˣ㿪Ľ
ͻƣͻᱻ
ǿͻƣ粻ȣҲ޷忪Ǹ³
һ˳ɫͻƣոͻƵ˾磬ҲԴѣ
ʿͬҲǶԷǳ츳ˣͨʮ۷ˣƶȷʵԻɱոս˾ˡ
ô룬һ
뵽ʿ΢΢Ц
诹⣬ǺûᣬʱָɵҾͳ󣬷
ʿ캰㷽ҪչҲҪòȡ
诹һ£Ȼŭ
浱Ҵɱڶ֪ɱ˷һָܹͻƣ
ʿٺЦͻˣͻŹ𣿱ˣĻҲľ
诹ɫʼòҰ
㻹ɵҲһòŮɵҲټ檣Ҳԡ
ʿĻͬһ㡣
诹⿴ʿȻܼᶨҡҡͷ
ô㿴ס
˵仰诹ͬҲϥȻ۾
Ͼܹ۷壬诹ȻӲ̫ȴҲЩֱ£ŷʿҪӵİһЩ
οʿ˵ĻӵĿסݣôԸй¶ģڷǰһֱʿݳ־ͿԿ
ʿСģȷ϶޷ӳҲû¶ԼʵĿڵòͬҲĻ֮һ
ʿŵʱ򣬷ȴѾڤ״̬
诹۷״̬֮󣬾诹򣬶ᱻ诹˵һë
˿̣ȫʣԪϡ
ܹ鶴зֽԪأԪصգѾ൱ˣҲԼͻĵԭ
ھ粻ȡһ㷽ûеĹΪʽе˶һ
Ǿ֮壬壬е˶Ǻ˽⡣
޵ˣҪͻƣ޷ѭ浸أȻֻҪҵͻƵķܹﵽ۷塣
ʿʱ򣬷ص㣬Ϊ֮ص㣬ı
һյʱ֮󣬷˵һһʮԪء
һʱ֮󣬷˵һһʮԪء
һʱ֮󣬷һһʮԪء
֮䣬Ǳʼ޵ıӳ
һʱ֣ʱ֡
Ķһ˲ͬʱŹ
ʿһ㶡
˾磬Ȼ֪龰Ҫӹ۷壬ͻƵ˾ļ
ʱУѾյ˴ӹ۷ͻƵ˵ķ
ҿĶɢ٣ԲǿеԼľ磬Բ֮ˮɣ
ʲôһ
ʿ̲סͻƵɻ꣬ȻҪͻƵ˾ˣٶ˵ȥҪٶˣ
ļһȷʵð
ʿʱ򣬷ɢĹâʼԽԽŨҡ
âɢµʱеĹâ˰Χ֮ڡ
һ̣䣬ʱ䡣
һɢžɫâƶ䣬֮ڣʼ𽥵ĳͣһһı
ƶ俪ʼޱʱ򣬺һʼϵ͡
ʿĶһĻ
ʱͻƵ˾ʱյͬһһ㣬ϲ
棬Ѿٮٮˡ
ݻƣж
ͻƵ˾磬ĴС֤˽ĳɾ͡
֮ɾͻƵ˾ʱͬһƬһ㣬ޱߡ
֮ɾͻƵ˾ʱͬһƬԭʼ֣һ߼ʡ
̫ɾͻƵ˾ʱͬһĹ
֮ɾͻƵ˾ʱͬһĳգңԶޱߡ
ľ磬ճΪɾΪɽĴڡ
أӵʲôƣƵ״ôģ
ÿ˵ƶص㣬ôص㣬ʲô
ʿڽŵĹۿţ诹⣬ҲͬڽŵĹۿš


324 Ųһͻ
ԽԽƶ䣬ռ䡣
һ̣ʼͣʼ졣
ȻǱУȻƵĴСȴκοռܹסġ
졢졢졣
诹ʲô
Ϊɵͷֻɲܿɣͺ޲
ɵݻ磬Ҳֻɲܹһ
诹⿴ĲǷʿ
ʿıϣԿܶĶ
ʿı飬ɽţɳԾȻȻ飬Ҳʼ𲽵䵽˹ȵס
òǿ󡭡诹ĥš
ú׼ʿ˿̵У˱ĺͲм
ôƣȻֻкô
ֻɽ˵Ļˮ׼һѡ
ʿƣͬһδһ㣬еٮٮߣ֤ܹܵľ磬һЩƷĻôľ硣
һģǷڵ֣ͬһĴСˣܹܵľ硣
ڸģֻͬСϪһ㣬˵ľ磬Ͼǵͷˡ
ֻͬһƣܶʲôã
ʿЦˣЦúܿġ
ȴûжڱĿš
ʱǾͶҪˡ诹㿼ǵôˣЧġ
ƶʿ΢Ц
诹һ£Ȼҡҡͷ
ҪǾ˰ɣôҲܺһյͬһļһͬۡ
۾ĵȴ١
ʿһ诹һЩϣȻģŮ˾Ȼϵ
ʿһЩС
֪ǣ˿̱ĿҪеĸܵ˴ʱƵĲ
ȥȷʵֻһôȻʵأ
ʶԼС
£ŵģһƬ޹ǿա
ٶȿԴ
鶴ųֵʱǴ顣
һ˲䣬ʼ˽⵽ȫɾжôΰ
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ͬǿһ
ȫɾɽĴɾƵֱͬ׺һڡ
ϧ֪ΪʲôԭˣȻĻû䣬ضɽΰɾ
һ̣У޵š
̳еģȫɾĴС
ôֻҪ;䣬Ҳܹﵽȫɾʵӵĳ
ϾȫɾҲûĴﵽ۷塣
ȫɾѾˣµһʶҲڸ˷ʾ֮ʹʧ٣Ҳûκεĺۼ
ΰĵҲֻޣΰɾҲͬˡ
ɾԶԶûе׵ĵز
ȫɾѾˣȴš
ţͻ޵Ŀԡ
ԷԾ־嫵ͬǿһƣСֻͺһĴС
ͻƳΪˣǺɾޱȾ޴Ĳ
ȫɾҲ䣬οֻΪ
ȫɾ䣬ҲаżԵɣԵɣҲпܻвİȫ
ȫɾΪԭĻôԷԲϣΪڶȫɾ
£躹һ£ҲǷǳбҪġ
Сƣɽһˮƽ
ռ˴󲿷ֵͨҪãȻʿȽ˱ԵòһЩ
ȻԴɱ
ʣʱ㻹ʲôİ취ʱӹͻƵ˾磬԰ǽɻᱻɱɵĽ𣡡
ʿڴ֮⣬ԵĴЦ
۾ĵȷʵԴɱ󡣡
ʿ΢Ц
Ȼһ仰Ц̣ɱ죬ҲǽΪͼ󷨣㾭ĸƣ˼ˣҲƷˣпܱɡ
ʿ¶ŵ顣
ͻƵƷ˵ļĻɱ󣬶һʲôô𣿡
ʿŴ͡
֪˵ǶԵġ
ɱɽܴĹףȻףɱҲܹý۷ܹ֮Խһ󾳽ɱ֡Ѿ൱ֶˡ
ɽķʦҪɱʱ򣬾ͷһۡ
ҲôõĲϣǿɱ
ΪɺгǰĴڣ˱ҪϺܶࡣ
ܹȻޱǿȴҲ֮еǿ
ЩӢþһа취Ҳ޷ɱͬ޷ɱԽ󾳽ɱֵƵ߼
ܹ˳ƵĻɽ޵ˡڸ߲Ͼռ˺ܴƣɱ󷨣ɽǣԽȫɱøɸɾ
ʿѾ˽ɵֶΣŽɱǿԻɱ˼ˣȻǿҲޡ
ֻܹɱƷˣҲǸոͷƣûܹ⻯ˡ
ǻ⻯ˣɱͽûκεЧ
Ƿողͻ˹ɵ˵ĴؽڣܹͻһСؽڣ
ǲɵˣ̶ʱ֮ڣܹͻһ󾳽磬Ѿǰδ֮£֮ǰѾ㹻ĻֻۣʣһܹͻƣȻ˼ĻۣҪ£һ𣿡
ʿĺţڵѾʼҡˣ˵˵ɡѵȻһ
ЦҲûЩʿ۾
诹⿪ʼóŷôϣܹһ㡭
ʿʼڴ֮ȥ֤˿̵̬ȷʵʼý
ġͻƵƷ˵ʵֳ⻯ĻôɱסʿԼҲԶԶǷĶ֡
ȷ˵ʵǷʦʵ󲿷ϣսҪϺܶࡣ
ûڵǿҲûзڵǧûнֳԽ޵ļɣͬûֲ̫ս֮ơ
Ȼϴ̣ʵ϶Ĵڡ
ǺҪܹޱе͵ҩǿ˵սսȴ൱
Գɫʦҩʦͷʦ߱ضǿ˱ʲôʱΪԤĴɱ
ЩǿǣҲⵣЩʦĻϾҲܹܿս
ʿΪڵҪӣߵȻҲǿ˱
ʵߣһڵĴܺһڵĴܱʥĸ֣˺
Ȼǻ£Ȼ֪ʿֶֻԸ
ɱֶΡ
ŻЩɢɣϾϷδǷĶ֡
ͻƵƷ˵ľ磬ôȴĽ
ʿȻϧ
ʱȴǽѡ
ŷûͻƣܣסԼ˵
ֻĻô죿
Ͼһзʦ֣ûзʦ֣¡
ʿɱԭΪ˼ķʦִҪ뿪ˣ¾סˡ
Ȼͻˣл
ʿʼ˽ս
գǱ̬ռϷ硣
ʿ֮ǰŷ̶̵ܹʱͻƣǷˣ⵽صĴ
ʱ򣬷ʾԼͻơȻʿΪʮа˾ȴɲðա
ϧˣܻСһ㡣
ŷͷƿʼ˾ҵı仯ʿ¶˾ġ
סԼСǵһλġ


325 
Ƴ𵴣ζźܿͻ⻯
˵⻯Ƕһֿ϶
Լƽѧǿ⻯͵ƽս
Ȼ⻯Խǿ󣬽Ҫնȴʱ򣬾ͻԽѣȻɹ֮󣬻õҲԽ
ڷƿʼ𶯣⻯ĳ֣
ʿ¶˾ġ
˶ţŷǾݻ⻯Ҳֻһˣľ̫£̫£Ľٶ̫¡ҪԸģǿˣ첻Ҳͬ
һ˵֮ⷬʿ˫һӣһɵķĽ£Ȼһâסȫܿģʿʧԭء
ˡ
诹ЩȻĵΪʲôҪߣ
۾ΪͻƵƷ֮Ҳɱ
̫ϧˡ诹̾һˣҲ֪ʲôʱץסһ
ϴ΢΢ЦݣҪлӵˣȻĻҿ¶ˡ
Ϊʲô诹ĵ
ΪҸʣµʱڻԼ⻯ܣİŪɷɻҡЦ
诹סˣȻԽԽ
Ż诹Ծĵ
ȻȻôı£⻯ҮɽҲֻмɣȻţǱϾ۵û
һֹţһ̧Լ֡
֮ҫ۵ĹâͬʱͷͻȻ󣬽󶼰˽ȥ
һ̣ʮŸ׮ͬʱס诹ȫʧøɸɾ
ûʿ֣һƷ˵ʱ򣬼ûκεá
ϾֻԹɼˣŻõ׮
Ȼûʿĸţ˵ɵľƵȻʮŸ׮ȴŨȤ
ڵʵܹ׮Ļʲôãǻõġ
Щϵűɵ൱Ĳ٣ʵɳˣʮŸ֣ܶԿһɣҲ൱սˡ
㲼֮ûƶֻһЩսԷܱûǿô
ԷһӣʮŸ׮ȫȻ˳ƾԼͷ֮С
ӵƵ˵Ǹ˾һƶľ޴Ĳֿ⣬ʲôܷ棬ǰЩ޵ĴҪõöˡ
׮ս诹ʱȴƺ˹
ղ诹ʡ
ǰ
ûܵĻڲǡ
øɸɾ
̫ðˣ
ðô죿
ϵأ
ϵҾֻðǿԼľ磬ܱڹҵҪáҲ֪һ㣬ŻѡܵģǿԼľ磬ﵽƷ͸ɵõġ
ˡ
ǵģҲܣܹҲ޷ɳȻĴˣôóһ޷ɳ
Щ˵ͷԡ̫ˡ诹̾š
ȻͿתԼ
ʱ诹ԼͷҲǵ˰
Ȼ֮ǰ˵ԸΪû˺ͨȻȴһˡ
ðʵ󣬾ΪĹĶټģ׮ȥģȻԼҲ˽ȥ
ҪɱĻҲûʲô˵
㡭ô
һò绨Ůǰ˵Ļʱᣬڣȴκεᡣ
ԸȻΪ㲻֪ҲԸ㡭ԼҲ˽ȥҲܺߣҲɱ㡣
ĵ
诹һ
ֻ
诹
ʮһıԸңټģֻһ˻ţЩô룿诹
诹һ㶡
ȻɵЦ
ǲ֪ɢɵĹء
Ŷ˵
ǶʱһģѣҲûѪԵϵˣɢɣȻɢڲֵĻūڶܹһͳ¹½ɢء
Ȼ
ȻɢɺǲһģֻһȺں֮ڡ
˰ôһɢҲɵӡ
诹ɱڵĵͽеɢټǣǵǱ˭ģ
ؼǸˣɧ񣬷ĻֻҪ֪ͻǰɵǡĵʱ䡣
诹˸սżǰһʲôĴڡ
֮ǰֻǹ۷壬͸ҳɨƽ½ɢɣҲʲôĺ̨Ѿ˵ΪˣҪɱЩֻǽ۷ɢɣǻӵף
ūټеɢɣĻȥ诹
Ǿ鷳ϰˡ֮ǰ飬ҿԼ̣ǽκεΪЦȻھһŵӣһӣŴӹ̨̳ӾƣԹԵĺ
诹Ҳ˵ʲôȻ뿪ˡ
һ̣ټԼ£¹½ϵɢɣȫ
ǿеѾҵѾ˵ˣ֮ǰµģֻ̣ҪʵʵС
ҪӵĻʮ۷ûһģǻԼһԼķ
诹ͨ淢ȥ֮¹½ˡ
¹½꣬ͽһٸɢɱĻɱķûͷ죬ɢɣʲôΪ
ǵСģȻսս诹Χ֮ڣеҹܣ뿪¹½뿪ɻǡ
ʣʮɢɣ֮ܵ⣬Ķʵʵ诹Χڡ
ʵ١
һǧɢɣȻ󲿷ɺɣȻһҲҲкüɣ춼ɵˣɻٸɵ
ȻٸɡһǰǱһȺϣǿ˶١
ٸɣɣͬʱþη񣬿ŷ
ºȻҲ˿¹½ϰٸϰٸ۷죬ڻŵģֻʣ诹һŮӡ
֣ǲ壿
ɢȻġ
ȻǺܽ飬Ϊ֮ûĿ꣬ʹ࣬ĵӰϮʱǻޱȵľš
ûϣԼĳϣģҲҪõöࡣ
ںսƴһ£սȥɽȻ취ת֮ǰļ䣬Ȼϡ
⵱ȻҲֻɺܹõĴ
ɼģˣҲû˻лꡣ
ҲֻںͻսɥŻĻᣬǸͳν׼ȨǸڤĽŻõȨ
罻֣ҪܻʧģɺɵĴڣǲŴ
ȴûŴɺɾ͸˵ˡ
ںܺ£֪Ҫδǡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôڵ뷨
ʼ˵ˣĵһ仰еЩͷԡ
ˣɽǴģǵĳͨˣӦ֪Ϊͨˣöôʹֻ࣬ж̶̵ûǿԸѵʱֻ졭ǲһѾΪˣЩвǣΪʲôǻû˼أ


326 
ˣԾûˣó۸֮⣬ûпˣ˾ǽ飡ôû壿ţ壡ʵ޷ȴܹȻĻ£ʲôõģ
ȻԸ飬ҲܲţǾ޿ѡɱҲֻϧһڵزЩԴȻ۸Ϊ֣Į
֮ǰһɱЩɢɣһص㣬ǾմѪɱûʲô˵ġ
ǵģˣκһˣڵҪǿö࡭ǱˣҲǴгģǸ
ҲܱôĴ½ôҷɽǰ¹½ôҾݲ鷢ǼҲܣǧǧҪӰ쵽Ҫ֪ǵ⣬Ҳпܶһļͥһѡ
ҲܹıģֻвǣֻҪ֪˺ƽ鷢ôҾͻȡǵ
Ϊֻһʱͻ뿪ݣжˣҲͬǰݣûɵϣȨϽκδɵˣǡþһɧƽ񣬾Ĵɾ棬Ҳûָҵκδ󣡡
Ҳǰû˹ܣҿʼˣҾͻ飬һһ
˵֮ⷬ󣬷ǰľ̳ӣȻӳһƷʯϡ
˾ҪǮǶͬĶҲҪǮʯȻǹһ㣬ܳΪˣĸһּ򵥵Щܹǿ壬ȴԼûʲôõĵҩȥ񽻻𣿾ͷҪǵû̹˰
ָȺ˵ıӣʹһ֮󣬷ҡҡλε뿪ˡ
ɢĿ뿪ûһ˵ġ
ĻҲǸ˺ܴĳ
Ȼ˵ô࣬Ǻ˼޷Ǿ
һǶһȺˣԺٸɧƽݹҲ뷨Ҳ
ڶֻҪɧƽûҪߣҪƽףʵǺܼ򵥵飬ҪĶʵࡣ
ʲô͵˲ţǴҪ֮
ľʹ򣬴ΪֹΣǣѹƽҲܹܺõȥǰûκε
һصĺһֻҪôһľƽףɵӶ֪Ӧѡһ֡
ٺ֮ǰ㷲ΪҪֱӰɢȫɵڷ˵㣬Ѿ޵Żˡ
λѣ˵Һʮλ졣
诹Ҳˣ̫ҪԸ飬ЩܹģҲ˵˵ױڡ
һЩ
ǺıԸһʮ쾡ֻңûմƽѪһô룬Ҳ֪ǴµĶȥ淽ǺΪ֮
˿ε˵ôһλ诹ټԼµɺһǧɣֱѡ뿪ֻɢǡ
Ȼкôģֻ诹һ诹Ҫȥ׷淽ôǲǸһѡأ
ûˣһʵҲ̫ɫһһô죿һ׼ǷԸ⳼Ը⳼ȫɵô죿
ò˵֮ǰԸɢµ֣ЩѾûͷɢɣסˡ
¾м׷诹ȥˣʹıʾԼ֮ǰ˴·ĵͷȣ֮ǰöôãôĸԸ⸽ڷ֮£Ϊǳһ
诹Ȼ߲ܣȻҪͶôµԽԽá
˴ͷƺҲʼôգİɣٶԸ诹ȥͶµʲôģǺˡ
ûѡŷģЩûմѪԾĵģ
诹ôһȺ׷Ϸʱ򣬷Ҳסˡ
һʼΪЩһΪˣԼ𣬽诹һһͶصĹݡ
诹ˣͬʱҲˡ
Ǹʲôֵʡ
ҵ֮ǰˣڱͷȣ֪֮ǰĴ£ҪֲĴԸ׷ڷΪǳһ
诹
Ȼ۾ȴ˱ʲô
ɵȻʧЦ
诹⣬ȻʱȴǺܶġ
ǳɱΨһĻڣ¡
ʿǲȥͶˣôֻпͶȻĻɻǣпܱʿڡ
ϾʿΪڵĵӣȴͶ̫ڣҪͥȥ˵ͻ̫ںͷڵս
ĺ
Ҳûضɶ㣬ȻɽޱߣҪһ۷壬Ǻ׵顣
ֻܰԼڷϡ
һ˵ĻȻǲͺôɢһͬͶ뷽¡ô˼ҲһɲˣԸǡ
诹뷨ȻȴܿľͿ˸
Ȼϸ룬ƺҲʲô¡
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ǵ񣬷ںһȺɢɣǿսȴûʲôչǱҪԸҲס
ԼôܹѹƵסǣҲ˽۷ʵټһʵĪҪԸȺɢɣҲ̫ѵ顣
ھĿɢһ֮һֱȺɢԼǰÿʼʱ򣬷΢΢һЦȥԼͷųơ
ɢɶǱһɡ
ʱԸͶҵµĻҵݣҲ˵֪еɵţԸͶµĻɵɵŵӣһӦٺ»ȱ
ɢɶЦ
Щɢнʵģ϶ǳϵţȴҪȥһеŵŵӣǺοա
ȻȻѾˣǿɲҾ뿪ǻ֪᲻ͻȻ
ͳһƣעһϢ֮󣬷׸诹⡣
ǾͿԳˣַڿ֪̽ڵĶԴǣѾȫԱգ˶Դ֮⣬ȴ˳ʱ򣬽ƽǾˡ
诹⹧Ľӹ˷׹ƣӦŵ
ɨһеɢɣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǰȥԴǵ·ϣҪ뿪ģ㲻Ҫ赲ȫƾԸ
ǡ诹ͬĻش𣬴ʱ˵Ψһľݡ
Ŀ뿪𣿡ɢʡ
ȻͥȻ޹вȶȡȥɵŵӵģȻ޻ӭԸģҲǿռݵģһ򡭡
еռһ򡭡ƺǰ;ӡ
ƺΪȫ⣬ȺƸеɢǾȥҲûʲô˼Ȼûһѡ뿪ġ
źƺƵɢ诹֮뿪ɻǣЦЦһǳȥ
¹½ϵɢѾȫʧǣӻùܶࡣ
ֻҪûʲô۵ɢɣ¡
Ҳǵȥ½ʱˡ
ȻҪһЩ


327 
Ĭŷ꣬诹ɢɣ޾ǿзٷС
ɽڣ˽ҪԼ֮⣬֮طУû˻㣬Ȼ诹ôһͬУҲûʲôǡ
诹һ߷ţһЩɵҲ˵˵ȻеɣȴΪ˸ңŵõĽͣĻɵʵӦò̫ǿԼȺ˱ֺһ㣬˵ܹΪҪɲء
뵽诹;ӦðһȺɢȫ£ԼУɣһǿ
һеţŶǽ۷壬Ȼаɾ˲ˣγûʱ䣬ڲӦûжٸְɡ
ҲΪһȺķڲŻԵķ⡣
֮诹ͣ˽ŲȻʼɢ
ò˵Ϊ¹½ٴɢ֮һ诹Ⱥɢл㹻ģɢȻʵȴûʲô˲ţȻҲ쵽ɢĵز
Ӳֶ£ǲɢһʵɢɣˣǲɢģ϶ɼɢɣ诹⿴ɢɵʵ̫á
֮Ķ飬ԵþˣɴӣһˮĶΪɢɣ۷ռ˲ɡ
ʮеˣȻϵűɻԶ
øֶýǶԼ֮诹ŵŴӣ˶Դǡ
ģȻֻ֧ܳΪŵĵӣյԳΪҪһ֧
Ҳ֪ʲô˰һɶûУǿֻɰɣ
ԼȺɢɹȥ᲻ɵ˶סأ˼
һ·;棬ڵִ˶Դ֮诹Ҳһ
ԴǵԵúڰ޹⣬ζŶԴѡ˱չء
ӣ诹ӵƶˣڵʵӦǺȻĻڷȥְ֮ͥɲҪչأܵɵɧš
㹻ʵôҪ
诹ⲻ֪ǣѡչأΪеţǵĻϵſռһ򣬶鷳
ҪǣһֱԼı֮ӵĳƺţһЩҪĹ
һ㣬诹ûסɵĵӣԼ㱻˸Ǻ
诹ɢڶԴפʱԴǣѾʼ˶
诹Ĵӻ֮ʱ򣬶ԴǵɵѾĴľʼߵ޶ȡ
ʱ򣬺ͻأģӶԴǵ˷ҵĿбݡ
˷ôԴ֧֣ɵʦǣԿбݵĸĽ˽
֮ǰĿбݣ޷һҿбݣһƷԿһƷԽս
ڵĿбأһǧƷܹԸһƷ
ʮƿһҿбݵĻܹԸһɡ
ڳ诹ߵģǧӵޱǿĿбݣ
ſбŵǿϢ诹ɢǣ¶˾ɫ
ܹоǧҿбͬʱǷ𹥻ӵнȫ
Ȼǵķ֮£ЩбҲᾡȻϾЩԷǺܻһ¡
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ͷ϶һɫľ֮ļ㣬ˡ
ߵģֺΪ׵ɡ
ڷ뿪ʱֻɵģȻʱڣͨĴԴнЩԭֻһ֮ңĵǣ׷ͻɵɵϣΪɵĺ
ȺɢǿϢɵӣ诹һҪιȥĳ嶯
Լ֮ǰЩС뷨̫Цˡƾһ۷壬ɺͽɣռݾصλã
ǰɣһЩʲôĴڣ
һɣɣкüѾﵽ˽۷壬ֻԼĵܹɵʿǧǿԶԿһɵĿбݡ
˭˵һʵеţչֳԺɨϰٸе˺
ģֻһܹϵŵе֮⣬ɽ磬ûеܱɴ˿չֳʵҪǿ
ʵϣ⻹ɵȫʵǻڿʵôȴŸǱϼһڱչǵʺ;飬˺Դ֧ţ֮ӵʲôʵҲû²⡣
Ȼʱ
ǺˣΪҶԴӣ
诹Ҳҵķ˹ȥȻͳ˷ǿƣͷȻ֮еϥżʾԼĳ
һɣ诹ǽ۷壬Ҳ˿Ķ
һ֣ǿС
Ȼ͸оһɣϤϢ
Լʶעƣ̽淽µϢã¶һ˿΢Ц
ǰ֪ȼȻԸΪŵӣǽһˡ
㿪ʼЦʱɱڵɵǣҲԼơ
Դǵķһ϶쳣Ľ诹ɢӭ˽ȥ
붫Դ֮ɢ൱ĽĿţϾһŶٵԴ˭ﶼοһȫԼ
ޱߵأпɽȣĴзḻĲҩ򣬱֮ǰɻǣҪࡣ
ԴϹ½ڿһ飬ǵɽڣǳΪ״½
Ȼָָڶһ½½еĳǱ֮ҲǽҪͻƵĵӻǰȥ֮ǳΪǱ޴½
ָָһ½½ڻûȥסˣӵסɡûʲôĹأ޷ǾǱޣɻṩԴûģǻܵóԼı³ɵǿҪÿ˵Ŭ
诹⹧ĴӦˣȻɢǣȥǿ½
˵֮ǰĻ诹ɢǻ̫Ļôڣǳ׵ķˡ
ɳзѾͻƵ˾Ĵ֮⣬һɣɣǵʶǷǳɫȥ޵ĿܣǱԼȺɢȻڿŲʵȻֻһЩڵĹ
Գʱ򣬶๱һ㣬Ҳ֮ء
ӵôǿ诹ҲǲϲɵʵԽǿζŷԽȻ̫ȻޱȾ޴ľ룬Ҳ诹һЩġ
Ŀ诹ʵʵĴɢ뿪һ
ôˣ£нֵʡ
ҧȥż£ôһһȺˣ棬Ҳһ㶼ʵ
нֺƵȫƿԡ
бòãΪʲô뵽Ƿȥأ
ȻǾţԺҪúõĿһ£ǲ湴ŮɡҪǹˣ
нͬʱðһͷ亹û뵽ƽʱǿɣþ㹫ⷽ浹һϳԡ


328 
Ȼ֪诹뿪֮飬ԼܹѹסȺɢɣ㹻ġ
Ͼ뿪ʱ򣬼Ѿͻ˽۷壬ﵽ˹ɵΪֻҪһڣȺɢޣûʲô
ɵǵʵԽԽǿȺŵӣҲԽʲôܹǿɵ
ڸ˶Դǵ֮󣬷ûˣǹսһȺܳɫѣڰ֧ɡ
ҪǲϵԼʵɸıӻ
诹ɢ뿪֮󣬷ڽ¹½ϣε˰µʱ䡣
οĿɢ뿪֮󣬽¹½ǣȷʵú˺ܶࡣ
ɽḻֻҪƴʱⲨǱеƷԶӵ˹裬Ƕܹúܿġ
ɽҵһЩϡŹֵĶٵĻ˴˵һ䡰˱Եߣڳסг·꣬Ūǳضٵû˵ĸ棬ǻúܿġ
ڲӵĲ֮ͬ󣬽¹½ǣʼÿ쵻棬лͥǵıӻ
ǻܵɽĹأɻŷǳģ֮ǰû˹ܣ˹ˣûʲôɢɸȥǣܵɽصĳͷ
Ҫǣ˵ˣЩɢǾеģģǻϧԼģֻɧͨѣһֻҪעһ£˭õ
¹½Ӵ˾һ塣
¹½òˣ뿪ͨ󣬻ͥԼʱΪһ¡
ȻԼվһߣǼȻЩûعɣôԼԸЩɢɣȻҲҪȡô֡
ǼΡĹǼ䷽ȥƫ
̨֮ϵɹ٣ŷԼǰֵʱҲһ˿֮ɫ
û뵽Ȼôͻˣѵƻ⣿
ȴûвһ㣬ʼԼɻǽ¹½һһȥ
ɹԽɫԽѿ¹½ɢ֯Ѿȫ
ʲôЦ
¹½ɢ֯Ȼֻнٸ۷壬ȻȴҲԶԶһеţ˵һɢ͵һеŵĸ߶̫ڵļƻпǷǳҪɨƽһٸ
ộ
ȻҲֻȥ
Ϊվɵһߡ
ȷʵжɢְֹ֮ɢ˺ͨ񣬾Ҫְ֮һ
ȻںܾǶùЩ飬ǹĵֻԼܹöԴм̵ٵĺôǾ߱ġ
ڷģ飬˵ֻܼϷһ
ɵò
ɹٵԵúӲȴƺûӣЦڽ¹½ѾÿµԴҲͨԴԴϵ͹룬ǲǰҰŵ½ȥҰЩطҲһ¡
㻹ȥĵط
ɹٲ໰׼ѷ䵽һʱƫ֮⣬ȴһ
¼ݵ
ɹɫһ
ͥʮ£²ǾƷɹʮƷϣɹȻ࣬Ҳﵽ˴ܵʵȻʮ±ҪԵࡣ
Ͼʮ£ʮ󶥼ϴ̵ĳԱӵʵǵλԶͨɹ֮ϡ
£ʮ֮һڡ
Ȼɹ̫ڵˣʵͼ𣬱ȰҪ˺ܶࡣ
˸̨Ȼ󹧾Ĺߵ̨£ŰµĽ
һĸߴϼ¡ƤڵĴ߽ƫ
´ˡ
ɹͬʱ
˵ͷȻɨ˷һۡ
ŶλúܣǴδ
˹֣·ǡ
û˵꣬¶һϲɫ
ѽǷôþˣ
һ㶡
ʮ֮һڵĸ֣Լʲô飿
ȴЦߵǰȻߵ㲻ӦְģڵķӦְĵط
𣿡˼һ䡣
ˣײ㣬ǰȥµѾþˡ
˵ŷҪ뿪֮ûʲôֿɼľ͸Űȥ
´һ£
ɹٴʧɫĵҴְҪط
תͷɨɹһۣѾǴܾɹ٣
һ֮󣬰ſ֣Ȼߡ
ǡ
˵ͷ˼ĻͷɹһۣȻͰһͬ߳ƫ
ŰΪĳ
ںͷһԶϴ̣λȻȻҲʿͽ˵м˺Լĸʻǻͺܶġ
λɹ١Լȥ¹½ȻʿѾڽ¹½ôõɢ죬м䣬ѵľûʲôϵ
ԷȻľ͸Ű뿪ˣȻҪǣ԰ʵ뷴Ҳˡ
ɹ٣̫ڵ˰ζĿ˷һۡ
΢΢ĵ˵ͷʾԼˡ
̫ҪԸԼԼ̫ڵɹ֮£ǻҪ졣
ȻԸԼˣҲѷ
ϾԼͻƣøֶʿڽ¹½ϣԼСǱˡ
ûнȥλͥвԼĵǴȥڵһá
һĲ߲ԵЩˣ˷ǰ
Ҹˣ飬ҿɾͲˡ
ʮ֮һķڵӵ˵ͷǷһ顣
ĶĻҺȾƾˡ
˰֣Ȼת˿ˮ뿪˵ãֻ˷ͷ˵ڡ
𡣡Է˹֡
˵ͷʦǰصͥʱҪһʱ֪Ϊô
šΪҪԸҰɡ΢Ц
һۣȻͷȷʵˡ˶Ըˣ
Լڽ¹½飬һһ˵˳ᵽзʦҲеʱ򣬷۾¶һ˿⡣
Ȼ͸ˡߺߣ̫ڣ̫ڣΪ߸ϣǷҲŹ
Ŀŷ𣬲û˵Ļ
Ļ͸¶Ķڷ˵޷ĳɾȽҰģԸַͷȥҪɽһȻĳЩҵ
Ҳǻ̬ġ
Ҫһ㣬ȻҪܶ飬Ͼ̫ڵ̫ɾҪΪǿɾô͵ý˵ҲΪá
̫ںǿɽϴ̣ǧϴɵĽɹ̫֮£ȻҪһͳĻࡣ
ôµĳĶϴɳӣͼϴ̿Լô˸ơ
ɽ˵Ҫģ֮⣬޷Ǿʮ󶥼ϴ̣ǧϴ̡
ҩͷڿʼ̫ڵĻô̫ںʾմ󲿷ֵɽʱ򣬿ɾҲĬ̫ɾͳελ
ֻΪ˶Ըðһò״ڵԵװ¶ݵķգֵô
һ˼ķʦɱ󡭡˱ɱİգֻ˶ѡЦúӡ


329 
Ҳ΢΢Ц
ʮŸɱ׮Ѿ˳诹ȥˣɵʵҲܹɱõøá
ʵڲУҲ˽ԼĶԴܼıɱ󣬾йɴϮҲһ֡
Ļ»ѳͬʱʵоʵǿϲɺء
¶һ˿Цݣʮǰŷɽ磬̶ʮڣƷƷԾ󾳽磬ٶȣɽһˣѹҲ˵Ŀ㡣
ЦЦ
ͥʵҲû̫˵ڽ¹½ɨɢɣ飬ȥǾȥɡ
Цȷʵͦȥ
ÿɨһ½֮󣬾ͿԻĻͥ£ûʲô˵ȵʮ֮жˣΪǰҲȫʸͷЩ˺ͨɢɡ
ЦЦȻָһ
Է˹֣һԵ뿪˷ڵĵá
ŷȥıӰ̾һ
ɢЩȷʵڵҲˣȻǺܶ඼ǳϵţͥҲиĹϵҲֻзʲôڵĹ»Ұܹϵɨɢɡ
һ£Ҳá
ͿʼԼĹеɢϣʼµľ硣
ڷ鱨ԴͲǴˡ
ǴӷԴԴϵ鱨
ͥգǷǳģܶ飬Ƕֻ֪ûкʵѡȥִУڷһʵѡ
ڷ˵ںˣЩϵžԼӣҲΪ˼뿪ɵĵӶʲôλ
Ͼϵŵţ޷ҲƷƷԷƷǻûʲôա
ڸ߲εľźϴ̡Ǿ͸ûʲôˣϾŵ£ûнɵĴڣǵµӶǹɼΪҲƫ٣һľţĺĵӣǧˣȻǹɵʵǲǶԿ
ں顢ʹԿʱ򣬽ɼˣ̫á
ɨ˼ɢֵϢͿʼˡ
ȻǴϲϾǵø죬ɢڵһԼʵ֮Ҳǵѡ˲ɧͨ
ϾжСһ㣬ҪһЩ
ں̵ܶʱڣ֣ʹɽ
Ҷʼ֪һ쳣ӻͨɢ˺ͨ񣬲ʲôطҲɱȥɱøɸɾ
ֻȥ򣬽˴ʮɢɵ򣬾Ϳʼ
ɢǿʼͣˣǿʼСô޼ɵ
֮ǰֻҪĲ໥ٴЩõԴɽḻеЩģԼõԴȥѼðΣ
ȻвٵϵźܲΪеĺܴһԴ룬Щ뿪ɵĵӵĹףȻռ˴֣Ǿ㲻޷ȷʤҲֻѡ졣
õľǣ㲻ɧƽҲܹռٵԴ޷ûǰô޼ɵ˶ѡ
˴ȴûúܹ֣ϵģûܵʲô
ֻûıǻһЩֶεġ
ǣԶϴ½
շ»ĿǰǸֲµˣϳ˾
ǳ˺ڵ
Ӧнġ
˭Լ̰ģ
һտһɽѰҵһ꼫亱˱ҩģշҲᶯģпýͻԼʾޣɻͻƵɵĺ⣬ôܹģ
ھ󲿷ֽ˵ڽ۷Ѿ㹻ĻۣΪʲûһ
ҪͻԼʾޣǷǳǳѵ飬ȻĻɽ֮ԴѣҲܹѳĺֳ
ɻһ㣬Դ㹻ϵĶѻĻһ㣬Ҳпܽ۷塪Ҳֻǽ۷ѡ
ɵļޣҲʱ£ܹѻļޡ
˽۷һʲҪ߽ɵȦǾޱȵļѡ
˵ܡ
жĴܣԼĽΪ۶ǿ֮⣬ֻмϡƷܹͻƽ۷Ŀԡע⣬ֻǿԡ
񣬾ϡƷ
ĶöʯȥҲǻģΪɽٹҲҲĶУҲǱȥԼֶˣ˹ɼ𣬲ܹĽɽͳνײ㡣
շ£һ
Ҳٹ˲÷ĽҪлö
֮ǰֱˣշڻЩ侲ҪԼƵǿ壬ٵĵҩ
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Ҫ񣬽أȻͨرȥԼĺһɵ
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˵˼䲻շ¾ŭˣȻͳˡ
˴֮շ¾ʹˡôҸȥһʱ䣬кܴĿܽɵĽ׶Ρ
־磬Ȼͻ᲻ͬǷҲûȨͷ
ɽܶʱ򣬺Ҳû̫ĲֻñȽϺöѡ
һΪ飬Ͳܵκεĳͷ
ɽҲֻ࣬ҪշµʱúÿһЩ˵κãȻ˵ĶΪͽǾͽԴϲˡ
Ȼôû뵽ô죡
ڣշµ£ѾɢڷǰŷĴ
Ѿȹˣ޺޵Ŀշ£ʮĶԱ߲Լĸףͬó޵շ¡
ܹڵĸԵǿгᣬΪˣܹΪɣԵߵ֮ô꣬Ȼ
Ȼĵ
ˣһʱͿ飡շɫҰ׵ĵ
λ˼û֮ǣҷ£Ȼ
Ȼ֣շԭһµı飬ֿʼý
λˣôҲˣΪҲˡ
շԭЩɫֿʼò԰
ɿʼڳΪ۷壬ķǧĿ๦ΪҪʱ򣬲ָܻڵ
֮ǰľ飬ͷ𣬻ܿ졣ĵ
շңˡ
ٵΪţͷȻܱ࣬ȶҪõöࡣ
շʱһǵصĺ⣬֮⣬ޱѸٵķ˹
շ¶ϲɫ
̧ͷ۾΢΢
ţ
շµ˵ͷ
ɵĵӣô˵ҲһϵŲģһ˳棬ӡ
ĵ
Ȼ֡
շһ㶡
ԶԶģһ֮
ӸҶ
ֻ˭Ҿ飬ûܸı䡣
Ȼ֣շµͷϡ
շ¶ŵı飬Ȼȥ
ûΪȴӽ۷壬ֱߵ䵽Ʒ
ʣҪص۷壬Ҫһǧʱ䣡
ʱһһĹâֱӾ˷ǰ


330 ˵ս
ߣһĸߴߡ
һĺۣ뷢ţȫɢһһƣ
ڿշ¾ȥʱߵĺǷŭ
ϷѾˣ㻹һµΪ
ĸߴƱ˵߱ԵðСࡣ
Ȼȴ˿̧ͷ
ɹ涨˲˺ĵӻλνͣ
һҭ
ͥʮƷ̽鴦֮ȨȥһɢɵΪкβɣ
ٶһҭ
ǰһ˵Ĵ˾ҲӮˣǷñһ֮
䷴ʣߵƺһ룬Щɵʵν񣿡
ְͥţǰѲ鱾أԷµɢɽдⲻְͥʲô谭ҵִǾǷ񣡡Ȼĵ
ø컬СѾȥΪϷ˵ݣֽһ
뷢ţŭ
ԭҪܣҪȥǿ˵ͨ˵ˣⲻҲҪһƻ֮Ц
ãããȥ񷣬һǿգϷ㣬ôҲҪѵһĿ𳤵С
ŭХһصĶ˶ţȫƺð˻һ㣬Ϊ⣬ȥ
΢΢ЦЦ
Եȡ˼ңţȥȥ
˵Уͬ⣬ȥ

˵ˣ¶ĽĹâ
λ磡ϵ˵ҰΪʦô
˱ԼӵĻһ˵ʲô˵λһϵŵţţɲѡӡӣ׸ͥͥȻͻ㰲һµʦҪǱֵúãԺȻлϵŵ
˲ʵĿ˿գǡ뵱λͽѽ
˵ţѾѸٵ뿪Ȼ׷ߡ
һξ֮˫һǿ֮У⴦ǿպܹûǽֵĺõط
СϷǡ
ȻҪܣͲñˣ˵Ц
˻߷ƺԵûôˣУСǺϷθڣֻһӶϷϷǵúúýѵ㲻ɣ
˵֮ԭߴΣƺָߴ˼֣֣ͳŷ
һޱǿƣε˷÷㣬ƺЩ㲻
ƣ
Ժͷ
ĻλƣƵĻΪλԸԼ
ֻǵʯ֮䣬˫һܣӲĽ˶Էһ
ءһ죬һޱǿӶԷĸ첲ϴ˹һ屻ԷֱӻǧķΧ
һƺм
һ壬Ȼ󻺻ٶȷ˻
һС廹ͦʵġ
΢΢һЦͷһ֮ԼҲͬޱȵļ̣һԼ޷ܡ

ûиκ˼ʱ䣬Ǽ˸첲ٶһƾͳ
ߵʽܼ򵥣ҪôֱҪôӭȻÿһǿư棬÷޷ķʽܣֻһһµӲӡ
Ҳ÷ЩġӦڵģȻסԷƺֺ̫ڵġ
һֱһӲӶԷһʱ򣬿ͷһӰֵʱ򣬲ŻȻ
⻯
ǿֶ֮һ
Լ⻯ܹṩĽֶκ͸ǿ
߿ܱڵˣȻ⻯ȴ̫ڵķʽ֣ѹˣˣһȻá
һ֮󣬷ȻҲɵĺͶԷԿʲôˣڵԿǶʲôѡ
ٶһʱ򣬷һӣŸţŹĻߣߣ
ȻһЦܵӲ˾£
޴ıըߵ壬ըС
ɢȥɫƵ׳˷ǰ
û˿½Ҳƺû˿ˣȻԭһĳۣ˿ȴѾá
ζڱըʱֻüסԼȴס·ˡ
ðŭ𣬷֣һ£ƺӵļŭλˡ
Ȼһ̣ǰһȻһ
ٶӲӡ
Ц֮ǰͬһƣԼİ˳Ҫ֮ǰһСȻӲӣ
ʱͻȻеԺ硭
һ̣ͱĹһӡصĴӺߵĺϡ
صλѾƷߣҲǰһˣһƣȻҲȥˡ
ȴʱ򣬺ϣ˫ͬһ͹ߣһȭԼȫѧںһȭ֮С
ŵĲƣԪȫһȭ֮У
ǰµ߿һȭзð⡣
úã
˵֮ҲԼһӡһţͬĻһȭ
һȭûôĻΣȴž޴
ȭͷӽȻֹ
ȭͷ֮Ŀռ䣬ͻȻһ顣
޵Ŀռ䣬ʼôѡ
ǿм䱬ͬ߷һıԶɫһ䣬ͬɼıײǧ
˫֮Ŀռʼȫıһһģţ
µǿձγӦĻ棬Ҳᾡ
֮ĽĿ¡
ĺɽ絹ѾǺϤˣźܶķ޲Ŀռ䡣
һȻǴڶӳһȭ
һ͵ȭ磬Ӻڶﴩ˹ȥֹͣģʼһһ޲
Ҳ˹˫˼Űĺۼһķ³֣סĿռ䣬ȻһһģƬĿռȹ˾ķλϣӰ쵽Ŀռ䡣
˳֣Ŀռܿͻָԭ
߶һۣ˴֮Ҳʧȥ˼ս
˵ļͨսȷʵ̫鷳ˣ˻ҪԼʰβ鷳̫鷳
СϷһڵˣҲ鷳лᣬǿգٺúõĽ֡ߵ
һڡϵţ֣һֱΪӦǷڵġЦ
Ϸ֣ܵţߵ
Ȼǹܲŵģһڵĵ˵񣬱˵ҲҪһܡɫ糣΢Ц
еֻǷ֪𺦵ܶϵŵ棿Ȼ
Щϵûʧ棿ѵˣԼҲǳͨ񣿡
ЩſʼĻҲǼһЩʲô
˿˿ȻЦ
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ش󣬵󣬾ˣҲýҲ뷨棬ǡҵȷġƽĵ
ܺãܾûпô˼СˡϣܹܿԽԽǿ󣬲ȻĻ㣬ɣҲܻܵǣģ
˳ЦһȻȥ
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331 ͽ
Īĺ˴һܣЩͷԵĻص˵ǡ
ڣƺһ̾ҪԼɺһžսһ㣬ȴСĺͷ˼֣ѡ뿪¶͸ôһӵĹϢ
ղŵĽ֣Ȼȫ⻯ҲóˣȻȴоԷҪɱֻҪдһһ㡣
֮˾ԹԵ뿪ˣշҲûйܣƺշһŵǰӣֻһܵһ㡣
Էƺûʲô⣬Ҳȥ롣
ֱصԭأ˿շ£ȻúõɡɽǸĺõطϣ㽫Ҫ
շɫҰףãƷΪ֮ǰľ飬޻ؽɣҲò˶೤ʱ䣬ֻҪص۷壬ҪܳʱĻ۶ѡ
Ͼڽɽ׶ΣûʲôҪ󣬾ǲϵĻۣϵĻۡ
ܹסշ˵ƺҲһѡ
Сһ䣺Ŵ
ЦʲôأҿûɱšһӣѾ뿪ˡ
շһȻ¶˿ЦǳȻ뿪Ƭĵء
ѾȫɢֻһƷɣӦòԼˣΪҪԼʧȥʵһһ
ʧȥ˽ɵʵ֮շ²ŸеǸʱӵн۷ʵһôɹ顣
շ뿪΢΢ЦЦȻתǶԸӡ
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ȻûɵӡôҲԸշ£Լǰ̣ͥĻԼȥһƷɵӣȴҪݷΪʦɱȥһƷŵҪõöˡ
ô˵ҲܺƷŶԿĴڣɺƷŻž޴ʵ࣬Ȼȴƽõѡ
ֻ֪ζʲô
ƷǲյӵģֻḶһЩԴĴۣƷһЩʸɫһЩĵӣֻƷţŻһʱ俪һɽţѡЩиǣиԵĵӳΪµĵӡ
λԻλ̰֮꣬ЩϵŵŶĶ챦ȻԼòϣǸͣڽ۷޷ֶãǷǳõġǾȥ޷ܹһµŵŵӵλöѡ
µŵŵӣһ²һƷʯһûרŵʦ̵ÿһɾۻᣬڵĳָһ¶ѡ
ʦ̵洫ӣͱصĵմӱֱر
ֵһǣڸɢӵɢǣͨŵӡ
Ҫܳʱܹߴﵽ۷Ϊ
һƷܹΪ洫Ӻ͵մӵģлеϵյĳɾͣҲܹͻƽɵϣһ졣
λܺãȻţĻǺȻԡʦͽ֮ԵĻȥ
˿ȴû롣
͵۹⿴Ǹ֪ߵغ֪꣬ΪʲôͻȻ˵Լ˴ѧԺ龰
ǸʱԼҲôĲ֪ߵغ
ʲôأ
ڱ˵ǲԸͽӰ쵽ɽĴзʽȻ˵ʲô
ɵڣ˵˾ɽһࡣ
ǵ̶ûһҲûмһµŵʱûпɽչͽܣеˣҲûдµڹˣûбϵڽǹ
ôԼһΪͽܣʲôأ
ʲô֣ʵ
ҽз롣ش
ȻͬգҲԵͽܣˡ
˺귽룬һͬϲ
˵¿ͷȴ֣޷ȥ
͸߰ɡҲûչͽܣҲ֪Ӧôͽܣ֮һҪͥϾʱ䣬ʱ䣬ߣһᾡȥġЦ
˵ͷȴʼãʦҲôĿס
ԻǷǳˣİݸ˷ҲûпʦܵҪյ㶫
ŽԼ֮ڡƱȴõöĵطˣܹŻһЩҩģҲֱֲ棬Իÿˣ൱Ǵһ΢ռ䡣
֮ڣǺöĸҪ￨ڽɹؿڲôĻ񣬾кܴĿͻƵɣһϵţɵҲֻа֮һɣһǿɼҪ֮
Ҳѹշ»ðȥᣬȫ귽롣
Իǧл뿪ˣ˷ͷ۵Сۡ
ȷʵûдͽܣȻϸ˵ɾ󲿷ֵӶģȴõķģʽѧԺԼĸϵȥȻԼȥѧ໥ĥоټмı緽ֺ˰Ŵһ˹
ؼģǶ˷ġ̫ϻԪһʼ⣬ڵɽ֮󣬷ҲӴɽʽ֮ŷ̫֡ϻԪͲʲôɽĳǼţ
ɵļѾеţȻ̵һ̫֮ϻԪֱ֮
Ҳ˼ܾãȴûеõʲô𰸡
Ȼǣ˷ûʲôģǼĺ⣬Ϊ̫ϻԪɵǵʵŻ֮졣
һ뼧֪ˣȻҲǷǳĳɫȻŶ̶ʮ꣬ѾƷ˹Ʒ󾳽ķԾȻ緽ôۣȴҲɽ纱ٶȡ
Ҳͬˡ̫ϻԪ
֮󣬷̫ϻԪ˷롣
ʱ˷ѡ̫ϻԪ֮󣬷ҲʱͳǱзɴ½ķʽҪӳɫʽ˵Ǹͳʽ
̫ϻԪĵط޷ӡ
ʱ̫ϻԪȥʱɵĵǣȲһʲһϰķҲһ
Ҵ塢կ޼ҴˣǷѧԺʽ
ҵˣҵ
ӪˣѧԺĸ
żҴ֮ںѧԺ
ǣķš
ϣҲвͬھƷƷļ㣬ڵֺнˣôĴںڵͨӡ
ȻǶܹ̫ϻԪ
Ψһ÷ľǣеӣǴһʼ̫ϻԪģ֮֮󣬲ſʼ̫ϻԪһû̫ϻԪʲô
飬̫ϻԪſھ˷룬ȻҲʲôֱӾͰӽԼ֮ڣ氲ĵ
룬һεʦ¶ģͿʼû̵ڣ̫ϻԪģֻ걻ֲ


332 ȥĻ
÷Լȥ֮󣬷ûôˣ飬Ǻķʱ䣬һʱٿˡ
ڸ룬˴һȴµϢȥ֮ɢǾ֪ԼֻܹԹˡ
һƷȻķϵĵӣȻ˴һܣûʲô顪ɢǲԼôӣö֮ǰų档
ųˣҲδǿùˣҲû÷ʲô취ǵŻðŶӵΣЩѾ뿪ɵĵӳͷ
ԻǹԹԵİɡ
򣬿ʼ÷ƽ˾
ɢǲ׵໥ˣϾ໥֣пͨѣǰһĺá
ĺǣܶĴǳĵɢǣ׷׿ʼȺͽǷȻ׼Լ壬ȡΪʽɡ
ȻǵʣĳΪʽţϾЩʽµŵȻֻ۷壬ȴǱΪʼĴڣǶԵͽŲˣǵԸ񣬴ŵһıɽϵɵˡ
ܻЩ
Щɢɷ׷׿ʼ֯壬ɽһ֮ϲ
Щ˸ʵ൱ɫģɵļȻܶ඼£ǰ;Ȼɳȥչʱȴܹɽռݼƣ
˵ǰ²ʮɽĻô֣߿š
õԽ࣬ζԴԽܹ࣬Ҳ͸࣬ȻڻûչֳȻʱţɽԽǿƣԶ׼顣
ͥ¶ܸˣĴڣʮ󶥼ϴͬҲܸˡڱϣǶ¸еԵĻϲ
ô˵˵棬ɽϵģɽߣôÿˣȻܻøĺô
ͥʮһͷ۳³̣ʮ󶥼ϴ̺Ĵ֣ʮƷѫ׿Ϊɽ˼ĹͣӦ뽱͡
ھܳʱ֮󣬽ڰ䷢ˡ
ʵ
˵̫ɾԷһΪͣΪĹͼֱΪɽ֮ҵʵĻԶԶֳɽĳ⡣
㲻档
̫ɾΪҪɣһĻᡣ
ǳź񣬷ǳʴȡ
ʮ󣬲뵽ŵľͨѡεսһӵʮϵΪפء
ź̫źˡ
ֻеţʮпܽΪţֱӾôź
Ȼʵأ
ʲô
ϵţʸڱԵشɽ棬Կ
ţǵִֵźޱȣ֮ϵţ˸Ĵ
ɽ磬Ĵڣʮ󶥼ϴ̣ǧϴ̣ţֻ
Ȼʵأ
ĻᣬɳԵ
ҪΪţһҪ󶼲˵ˣ󷽵̫ɾеҪȫĨȥ
ʲôűǴܼˣµҪսҪаˣɣڵӵҪܹ˳ԼкܶܶѲܴﵽ
Щһϵţ¾ĻۣѴﵽġ
ɳʮ꣬ȻҲܴﵽ
̫ɾĽЩȫĨȥˣֱӾ͸һŵĻᡣ
⵱Ȼ˲õĽ
ǡˣҲֻܿЦ
ͽϵţֻҪﵽܹţҪģҪ̭ͽ
ÿֻ꣬ʮϵţܹΪš
ͬʱҲʵȽϲľţϵС
ţǲ̶ģֻҪΪеһ֣Ͳܽ
šϴ̺Ͷϴ̣ġ
ǧٸǧǳ֮
ϴǧϴǧ֮
ϴʮ֮
Щλöǹ̶ģҲɽģܹ״̬
ɽԴпܲ
ϾӾſʼҪԴѾͨʯԴˣҪǵؼʯ켶ʯԼһϸܳЩԴ
ţ࣬νɽӵе򣬶ǡ
˾ţǲռݵ࣬ҪǣҪģѾֻͨ
ǻӵг켶ʯһؼʯϡҩĵһϡʯһԼĸڵӵͳȨ
ľŸ򣬼Ǳפ򣬾š
ųǿĸ߲֮⣬ǵҲޱǿġ
Ȼϣŵĸ߶սֻдܼţ˼ĳϣ͹ɼĵӣȻʵܹӳȴϵЩҪǿöࡣ
ΪɱĴڡ
ܹ˵һԿֵ
ǾҪĶ
Ŀסϣ԰ڼ񣬶Ǿŵĵӡ
ѵľʱ򣬾еʱ
ǵȫעɱ֮ڣһŵֵ𼶱ĸ֣
ǧٸţǿʼƴʱ򣬾ܷӳǧٸ
ɽʵϵ𣬲ᳬһˣȻǧٸſʼʹǵɱʱ򣬾ܹɽ˲ӵǧٸս

ɽĴɾͳߣҲܹĴɾƽ֣ɽҲȻǼʮ˶ѡ
ֻЩ޿κεġ
ʥʥӡķӡһмǧˣܹɽӴȣ
ɽǿƣ̶ܴǽЩϵġ
Ƕ˵̫ɾɵᣬȷʵصԸӡ
Ȼʵأᣬֻбɳɹʱ򣬲塣
ɸûΪţÿ궼ǿϵϣܹΪţܹסλõģɻЩͳľš
Ϊӵɱͬʱܹɱӵޱǿĵز
ϵţӵɱҲ޷ЩƵľȡ
ÿľһһʮǰϵţʮľŽбԣɽôʹûĸϵܹȡŵĵλ
ĽƷصԸӣȴǾлˮ£Уȥõʱ򣬾ͻʧ١
ڵõϢʱ򣬷ֻ΢΢ЦЦ
ԼͷЩɢɣֻΪԼͷͨһЩͬʱǻһЩôûԼʲô洦
̫ɾһ֣δЩСˡ
ֻȻںȴΪӰ
ʮʱ䣬ɣľûл
ҲʵϣԶԶʸΪһţϵҲûʸȻıԣȴɸԼ˿õĵط
ɱɵɱܹһԼʱʵأ
ôԼܹڱȡյʤ
ȷѣȻΣ
̫ɾ죬ôԼһֺη
Ȼᣬôлˡ
Ķǰּɹٵ
Ȼ۾˶
Ĵ̫ڵ֮ء


333 
ʦ˼ˣͽˣ
һѱһģŷĴȣôҲɿ
Ŀķ룬ͽܡ۾˵ϹǱʣ
ͽΪʦ棬ôҲǶʮӰ
ڰѷӽԼУԼʮ֮󣬷Ҫһ·ʲô̶ˣһƵķ룬Ϳʼ
ϸ룬Լȷʵʳˡ
ò˵Ϊ֮ٳʱ䲻ԲҲûʲô⣬ԷȻľͺһ㡣
뵽ͲʲôԵĵطˣʶ͸ԼһȻϵҶӣѾʧ٣ֻʣ˹ͺͺޱĻζš
ʦͽòУͰƬҶժ˳ˣӦòգϾӻڡСĵ
ţѾû˶ѡ̾һ֮
ľڶϵƬɫȻͬҶӣҲͨӣֻڷǳ£еҶ⣬ֻƬһһϢҶӣҪģʵҲƬҶӶѡ
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Ϊһ۷屻ԼʦƷһ˼ʦһܣ˵һ۷ɹɡǾĶԼԲһĸԵˡ
ô죿
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ˡҲΪʦ˭֪һݶԵͽء˵ڶҲû̫ôҲ㡣̾Ϣһ
ȷʵҪǸ׼ʳƷҲ뵽ҪƬҶӣ˵ˣҪûƬҶӵĻʮԲȣҲ˰ɣ
ԼĿɽпŵĵһͻҲɵô˸ս񱻳ԵҲֵá
˵ˣԺӦǸĸڽ۷ĵãͻƵɼģȻԼĿɽӣôҲ޷͵ǰԼͽܸˡ
뵽֣÷Լǰ¡
Ϊʦ̽һʮˡ
ԹԵԼ֣Ȼʦʮӿÿʱÿ̶ڸʦڵĿھģ˵˲ͷ¶Էû¶Ϊͽǻеأ
Լʲô֪ͽһۣûĵҲ˵ˡſʼ˻Զء
һץס˷֣ʼ̽鷽ڵ
һڲſʼʱǿóʲôģſɽͽʱȻרŵӵĸǺԣȴû
÷̫ϻԪֻ˷ţ뿴óʲôϵġ
ԼǾ޵⣬ҲָԼյͽҲֻǾ޵Ĵڡ
̽һ֮󣬷ַڵԪѾΪŨˣɵõ˵ͷ
ɽͨȻͷɴ½ͨƽһֻҵȻ֮ԣɽϣڲ֪о֮ܵϴ϶ǻ쳣Ӧġ
ҲɽķʽôķſȻɽڼƵһĻҪԴɽ綼Ʋ֡
ǵʶǺܲģٶҲܿ죬Ȼڶ̶ʮھͽڵĵزҲ൱ˡ
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Ӳ۷壬Ҳ˽ӽһµʱ䣡
һֱΪԼţȻǣǷʱߣΪڵȷࡣ
ʲôʲô
ȻܲεûиʳȻ֮ڣе֮գصƷܸߵ̫ϻԪȷֻѧԺѧԺʽҪǿöˡ
£ʮ˺춥壬ֻ˵ʻǲġ
ڣʺʲôϵķ
ʦҲܸѧһķ𣿡ʡ
ΪʦޣܹϵķȻÿ˶ΪʦģΪʦҪ̽һڶԸϵӦ̶ȣȻжʲôʡף
ôסһ벻ɵ˷ĪҲǾ֮壿
ǵĻǾͺˡ
̾Ϣһ֮˵ͽܣǽͼ򵥵öˡڵķ˵ʲôкǡо֮ǶŪúܣΨǶĸԴ˽⣬ҪԼȥգҲܹɵֱӾʹﵽƷΪ
ȴ֪Լͽܣʲô֮塣
Ϊ񣬷Ȼǳ֮ÿϸܹٵ½ʿܹõ壬ɽ磬ȴʲô
÷Щֵǣʣƺвݡ
һ˵ͨʣĳһУôζʺһϵķţǾǲϵģҲ໥
УʵϾѾӽ֮˺жԵˣǾǴ˵еزݣܻҲһˡ
ԹжͷЩԳ壬ʼ֮ǷϷʣĽǶԳ壡
չҲ
૵˵һ䣬з׶ݵʣô˻ŶЩѣǻḹ̥Уôܻ죿
ŷüͷЩ
ʦҲʲôɣ
ҡҡͷÿ
˵գ˫΢΢͵˷ڡ
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֮뷽ڵʱ򣬷ȫͻȻâ
һڹ⣬һ׹⣬ѸٵڷߣȻغһ𣬽Ѹٷֿһ̫ͼڷ֣ʧ١
ˣҵôŹģ
һ
Ȼͷַһֺܹ
ʦôˣʡ
̾ϢȻһŹֵЦ⡣
ͽܰˡ
ʲô˼

Цû뵽ҾȻһʺ̫ڷͽ
̫̫ڣͰ͵ʡ
Ȼ֪̫ڵ֡
Ĵ֮һɽߵĴڡ
ǰû뵽֮壡ʣ̫ڵķţٺʲˣôҪҪھͰų̣Ȼȥ̫ڰʦȺһ϶Ỷϲص̫ڱڵģ
𣿡
룬ȴҡҡͷ
ˣ̫ڵ̫ܲ𡭡ʦҰɣȥһЩ֮󣬲ǿϽ𡭡ʱҲܸʦһЩô
°ͣ˵õҲе̫ҪˣøһٸԴС

ðɣ֪óʲôϵķˣ֮ôͽ̫ϻԪ̫ڵķ֣֮ǰҪܳʱǱޣɹ֮󡣡Ц
ţҲ˵һʼһܴǰɡ˼ĵ
ʦһҪְͥ꣬ʱɡβһԵĶûˡ
˵ͻȻʲôԣ


334 ֵ
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̫ûô̫֮µɣͽȽףȻ̫ڱڣͽȴ൱ѵģҪôǴ֮壬ҪôĴ֮壬һҪޱȵĴֺз׷Щ壬Ϊʺϡ
ĵ˿˵У˵бҲϵʿȻԻͽϵ׽Ͷڵɣ̫ڵҲûҪġ
Ϊͽѣ̫ڲɽҪӵиʵѰЩͶ̫ڱڵĵӣĴ棬̫ڵıڵΪϡٵġ
ڡںͽڵıڣ֮⣬ôҲһǧӣΪˮ׼̫أڣҲֻа˰ٵӡ
ɼ̫ͽ֮ѡ
֮壬ͱ̫ڱ鲼µŵӷˣôֵĵھ
ϸ֮󣬷Ȼ
ˣ㲻ʡЧΪ񡣡
йϵ𣿡ʡ
ȻˣǺ汦Чþ֮ıڵɽṹ˴ӽͻƵɵĸʡ
˵һѣȴֱ۾Լ
˵˻
Բʡ
Ҳ˵Ǻ
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Ϊʦںа߳ʦŵĳ嶯
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ͷ볶䣬̫ϻԪĿھ˷룬Ȼٽ߽ԼԼ
̫һϵķڶһ˵ûдﵽɼ̫ڵǼûսģһ㣬ԽǸ߼̫µУԽֵԡ
˿۷ͳ콭ģֻ̫ͼòٵͼĴڡ
̫ڱڵĵӣڳΪ֮ǰĬĬţûʲôսȻһʦΪʽƾ춯ء
Ϊ̫ڱڵĵӣȫȥϰκηҲȥԼ壬ֻڸѰؼĴһɹȻͻ޵
һԿӢɵɡ
ڷûָܹʲôزͰһʲôսΪĿɽӣ̫Ķ͡
Ȼΰӵ棬ûǸ¹Ķ
֮ǰڷɴ½Щ߰ĵҩв٣嵤ֳһſһ첻ģԼʮˡ
Ȼζôá
εĽӽ֮ڣʼѲ飬Ҳš
ѲĹУʼ˼һЩ顣
̫ϻԪǶ˷ģ˷ʲôɵĵӣ
֮ǰ֪Ȼڻ˷ƣп̫ڵĵӡ
һ̫ڵĵӣһ׿ƶԼҪʲô
ڵʱ򣬶˷ֽǧܽ´ȥ
ɽ֮һСĳͻȻڣ̫ȻƺҪԸԼ
Ϊʲô
ܶ飬棬Ƿô룬Ҳ벻׵顣
ȫɾĴУ̫ڵĵӣ̫ϻԪĴڣԼı֮ӵĳƺšһƺ޹ϵԼϵ
ʼоΣ
ܵȫɾôģ̫ΪʲôԼǶԼһССˣֵܹġ
ֻвϵԼʵһвľ£ܹסԼסɵĴڡ
ɽʱ򣬷ֻԼɵֵһһõĶһЩҲ÷ɢӵĵӣū͵ūּͣµӡ
ֻȺֵһȥһһĻʵһһɽҲôϷһ㲻ǮֻҪʱ䣬úܺá
һ
ɽ粻ǹսʿѵĴ
ڸһţսʿҪǲʵô㣬ô㡣
£ɽ绹ȶ̫ڲڻĿŵԸԼʱ򣬿ʵȥ
ԼѾƷˣô취Ʒ
ɵĽһһģǳϸ
һ仨ǹƷ仨ǹƷ仨ǹ۷壬ÿһ仨ĳ֣ÿģܹӸǿս
˾磬ͷƾƷҪƷĻҪԼ⻯
⻯ͶһԽ࣬˵ʵԽǿ
⻯ܴҲӵǿ
˶Է˵⻯ԼʶһԼ
ԼӵźԼͬʶȴŲͬ
ҲŲͬݡ
⻯ľ磬һˣȫԱĸԼߣЩ֮ŽܵϵȴԶ
£˵ı屻ķܹΪԼȥ
ȵ⻯ȫɹ֮󣬾͵뷽跨Ľնȥ
նḶ́ҲǿԼһ̡
÷ǿǿһĵز֮󣬻عøӵǿ
ֻܹܹǿ
ҪĹ򣬹⿿ԼȥѧǲģҪȥѧ
⻯á
ȻУҲпܱ̫Ϊնɱ壬Ҳͬпܵġ
ҲνϾܷǱ壬ǶԼ
ںһ֮еľ䣬ںһң㣬ֻȥʲô壿
޷ǾЩļѡ
ֵķʽֻͬ
ڷҪǵģնԼķ
ԼҪʲôķ
һ£һ˼⣬ȴƺû뵽ķ
һֱһ졣
һǳصʱǵڿٷӰʱ򣬷׷ӿ˳Էΰݡ
ɽĳǳأһ㶼С˵ҲסʮˣһǳصӿǷҲЩˡ
ӻҵƽҵȰҵʵʥͣҵΪֻд˴Ϊ
ڳص£ʮλ¸صͬʱ
Щô˵ҲȻӣȴһɤżһǶ
ȻǳأʮͬʱߺԷԼֿȰ֮顣
˿̣Ҳɵ¶˸жɫ
λϣ˷ĳ֮£ˣͥȻ÷ĳѲôĳȻӦάһƽ
˷⻰һȺ߸ˣ֮ǰλɹӻҵȣ
һҵɽп񣬳ʶľͷҿҵдԣʶҰҴҵڲݴвҩʶͨҩģҲɣǲڳסڳھסҲСһжҪͷܣɴܣ꼰ҵСǷҵȺγİ
˲ͷ¶ҵȲԷʳֻڼ·ĳƣҹĤݡֵ
ܰǾͺá
ĬһᣬչЦ㵽жεʱҲȻȨ£ֻҪһڣزɢȡ
˵䣬Ҳû˵ʲôǳѸٵ뿪ԭء
ЩԵľЩܲ
ԼҲ˺ܶ࣬Щ飬ЩӵǼסˡ
Ҳֵˡ


335 ζ
ǿ֮УͻȻһ˿Ӧ
ͷ֮УԭŷڸĿھȴͻȻ֣ʼԽԽŨ
۾ȻͿŨͻȻʼĳһ㼯Уģۼһĳһ˵
йҽһ
֮ŷֲԡʦƣйҲӦý
ȥʱѾɢȥ֮ǰǸӰҲʧ١
Īǻþɵ
ܿ˶һҶ̫ˣų˻þ
̾Ľһö嵤ٶ
ǿ֮Уǰǳһ
ͥٷһӺݻɱȨ֮ӭ
ȻͬķģķȻϵǹȨصƣȴͷıž޴Ĳ
Ҫ֪ȻͥԷµɢɴӲģȻ˸˵ĸоȴͬһĵȻ
Ȩصķ޴
ڴˣ
ƽȵĸһ񣬳
ڴˣЦ
Եңȴˣ
Ȼˮڸһ֮һ
̾һ
Լڸرȫ޷飬ҲûջȻҲԼһ֣ͥͬʱ˺ԸҪһɽ֮ףһҵĻ֮ټǵĶĤݣ
һʱ򣬾ɵʱҲұս֮ա
ն˷Ȼʵն˱壬ͻȡԭλá
սʤףսʤԼѡ
Ҫ˽ܣ͵òϵնɱԼķһһԼʵԼ⣬øӵ̣Ϊݻ磬¼ʵĻ
ǴɽɵĹ̡
еÿˣӵǿڣܹѧϰģҪԼϸ򣬲ܹòͬ
ֻĻôٳɫҲҪķʱпܻԶɽĴǣķ
⻯ԼһͬȥȻܹҪʱı
Ȼ˵ʱû̫壬ʵǺ¡
Ǳ廹ǷҲԼһ֣ںϳɹģԼ
ڷڳɹĻԼĵһ⻯
ҲʵƷΪ
ʵʵʵڵĺЩϵŵˣվͬһˮƽϡ
ʮ꣬Ϊɷɽˡ
뿪ͻȻԼûʲôˡ
ʮڣǴµģȥˣÿ϶ԼôԼҪʲô
ϸ֮󣬷֣Լƺֻһ¿
Ǿ˾ĽһԼĿɽӡ
ڸһȥȻѷԼз˳
һµʱȥˣĽϵĿ졣
ҲʹˣҲǷ֮ЧˣҲ̫ϻԪȷʵؼ
ҲΪʺ̫ڵؼΪԾ͸ӵӦ֮һ·Ľþݡ
۷塣
ƤѪҺͷԣȫĶԷ֪ĲѾﵽ˷ɴ½ϵ۷塪Ҳᣬʮ꣬һ˵ѾЩˣȻȴڶ̶һµʱһͨ񣬱۷ʿ
ȻԷڵ۹⿴ɷǳȻǵʱ䣬ٶȣȷʵǷǳľˡ
ʺٶȣٹһ꣬ƾ͵˰ɡ°͵
ʹ飺ʦұչˣﶼˣȥһٰɣ
ףΪʦǸ˽嵤𣿡ֵʡ
밧ԹĿ˷һۣŷӦԭԣΪöӱһܡ
ðɣΪʦʹȥԵõġ
Ц
ϲ
Ȼ˰죬ҲûκεĶ۰Ͱ͵ĿŷͿ޳ˡ
ż
Ȼ˫һӣһԶ˹ŷǰžһꡣ
Щ֣ĲˮǸָߡ
ԣҲҪԺһ㡣
Ц붨ȥȴһɲˮˮҲûʢţǾôڿУ߰Ļݣֻʰɫʵɼ
ɵĸɼëѪܿ죬ֻͳ˷ǰ
һֻһֻտ
ˮǴȥһǧȪȡģȪˮá
˵꣬һֻɼͶˮ֮Уɲϸܣͣտ֮ѡ
һָɲͷֳѣһˮ棬ʼԶȼ
ûʲôʢˮǻȴˮ֮һһĿţ
̾һ֮󣬷ָһɫȴһЩˮʵЩˮģ
տȻΣΪʦӴȡĺˮ
һһӷ˲ͽˮøɸɾֻһ׵ΰ͡
Щ߰ĻݣҲڷ֮£ֲ˸ָĵϡ
һһķˮУһʼı˳
ŷ÷뽫һϸϸķɢȻƾһȪУʣĵһֻĶǸ֮УһƬҶסҶ
ȼһѸɲ񣬷ʼ
һУеĽ֮鿪ʼøŨˡ
һ٣ҼȥʲôʱͻƵɵĵزҾʹȥǿУȥЩޡЦ
ޣܳ𣿺óôԣзŹ⡣
ʱ֪ˡЦ
ûãлˣˣ˵һ䡰Գˡ֮󣬷ͶͶ̥һ˹ȥ
һû̻ʳȷʵЩúˣȻûĶȻӱʳͲܻȺš
˸ոտõĽлܹ̣ǹźܸߵ¶ȣһ߳һ߷һ߻Ľкã÷ͦܵġ
ûãֻͱ˴룬ʱʲôԷ¶һ˼Цݡ
ʦҲûذɡ԰ɡ
Цͽܻġ
ãΪʦȾƾͺáﲻ֪ʲôʱһ̳ӣڹ˹˵Ĺžơ
治ԣٶͷûãֻԵøɸɾ
صļͷӣһıá
Ա˰ɣЦ
ˣ¡
ûʶ㶫;úܺó𣿡ЦЦĵ
ʦͽĴûгԹôóԵĶ
¶ı飺û뵽ֻͨͨͨʦ˲ͬѰζͽ
֮ҲҪһϣ٣ֲϣ˵ѾĶζǲˣҪ֪嫵ǿУζʮٱĶеǣֻ֮ǰҪɵĵزһԽǿա
ҽһҪúȡʱڣɣȭͷᶨĵ


336 
Իġ
ڷһǿУжζ޵ȥԵʱ򣬷飬ٶͶ뵽֮С
ָһ·ķ򣬽𵤡Ԫع֮󣬷ٴνӽԼ֮УΪĵӣûбȷƸʺĵطˡ
ǼǿεţѰԼڶ⻯
һ⻯⻯ûκεͷ
˼Ҳʱȡʤǿ
£ۺ쳾е飬˵ʲôʱĳһֵ飬ܹΪԼһ⻯
⻯һ־γɵġ
ִͥһξķ֮ǰľƺһЩ
ԷҲż飬ȫǼġ
ã˵̵ܶʱڣܹ۳ڶ⻯⻯õĻٹ꣬Ҳ޷Լ⻯
ʱܿĹȥշΪͽܣѾȥʱ䡣
Լ֮⣬ÿһ򣬶õĲϣһھµʳӽԼƣ÷ͬʱҲᶨԼ֮ġ
Ȼóԣôʳ
Ҳʩ˰գʥ಻ˡš
ȷʵֵýʱ䣬Ľþݣʮﵽ۷壬һ´ﵽ۷壬ʱͻƵ˴ڣѾﵽ˳ڵ۷壬ңڣҲֻʣһ֮ң
Ȼ˺ԽĻȻŬҲһܴء
ʱɢʱ˯ʱҲ
˸ܷӽʳ֮⣬뼸еʱ䣬ˡ
Ȼʱͽô죬̫ڵص㣬ҲѲ˹ϵ
̫ڵڵӣɹ֮ǰǼûʲôսģȻһͻƵ𾳽磬Ǿһͨͨ˲ܹΪɽ磬ҲĴڣ
̫ڵĵӣص㡣
Ծ̫ɽһǵȻ̫ڱڵĵӣֻ˰ٸ
ĵӣһǶǧѡ
ڳΪ֮ǰкܴĿԻ;䣬ΪڳΪ֮ǰǼûʲôս
ڳΪ֮ǰǶҪһ˿һЩ
ַʽڽŷ룬̫ϻԪҲƺΪһ㣬ޱȵĺġ
ڷҲһĺô
ǲܵţȻĺôȴңڲŻֳ
ңҪ飬ģ˽֮Ĺ򣬽ء
ڷɴ½ֵطҪǺѵ飬Ͼһ硣
֮أǾͲһˡ
һ΢Сǧ磬СһЩ֮⣬ģ磬ûʲô
ڷеģҪĻô׵öࡣ
ھ͵۷ˡΪʦҪһ͡Է
ʲôͣϲ
ȥɽıԵشתһȦһʶ
͵ĵͷԷ˵Щʳ˺ܾˡ
÷Լ֮УʼűԵشȥ
ĴߣȻģʱԼڲŵʱԼѾߵòˣҲҪԵشȥһʱˡ
һֱɵ˱Եشĳϣ
½ڵնפĴ½
˿ʱҲɵø̾ȻóѾݻԼһ⻯ڵʵѾﵽƷ
ҲƷֻƷѾݻ⻯ȷҪǿһЩ
Ȼ˶ã˶ã
ӷɵڣʮͷѾǧ꣬󱲱˾ԼӦԾл¡
ǰ;˿ŷ̾Ϣ
΢ЦСôǰ;ҲҪл֮ǰСӵİ
˴ǰΪ£Ҳǻ֮ˣܿͷһ㣬ʵ
Ŷ˸ͽܣԴʶһ£⾪ŵµӣ֪һ
޷˴ֻնŵʱפ֮½ҲвٵĻ⼴ɡ˵ͷ
񣿡Щֵһ䡣
ǵģɽˡŵԵش֮󣬲ܻع򡣡˵ͷ
ԭˣȻҪܵҪǣǲǹ˵㣿˼ĵ
ʵڱԵشģֻġͥв̬ȣǵһᣬŻ򣬼пɸصĺԲһ涨˽͵
ĬĬĵ˵ͷȻ൱˵飬ȻɽôĹʱҲǻһЩġ
ȵ֮󣬾֮ǰżĳޣҲʲôˣŹɽĹغȻʵʵĹһ
ҡҡͷ֮󣬷ӱˣȻŷ룬̩Ϲ
նŵĵӻϺͷʶϾһ𲢼սܳʱ䣬Է̩ǵĳִ½ϻεҲκ
Щĺǣûвͷ롣
Ϊʶһ£֪ɽжôĹɽ֮⣬ŶôǿĶ֡
һĿʱ򣬾ͻø졣
ƺûܵʲôѹÿŷڳִ½йʱ䵹Ҳ࣬ʱֻзʲôóԵģŻȥǹɳȵʣչֳԻɫ
һ㣬Ƿÿ˶ÿ˵ص㣬ܲܰѵӽ̵úԼһһʧܡ
񣬷ҲƺԽĳȻѵԸȴҲûκεĸı䣬̫ѹˣ̫ڵĵӷò࣬Ψһ˷ӺݵһͿȻ˽ȴڶгޱȣǿҵ˸ɡ
֪СӳɳԺ󣬻ʲôӵİ
ʱҲ룬һԼĿɽӿأȴǸȣɽǰ;Ҳǡ
Ǳ̩й䣬żȥԴ֮أҼնɱһ˿˵ʵֻҪǴ޵ĳѨκ޶Ķ֡
̩ͣʵҲǺĵһ£Ȼȴһֱû뿪
ԺƺĳָӦԼĸо̩ϣԼһЩ¶
˾֮֮󣬷ⷽĸӦƺͻȻļǿˣȻܲʲô飬Ȼᷢ飬ȴǿԿ϶ġ
Ƿһµɢһ̩ת
Щ֣֪Ϊʲô᲻ҵܵ뷽Ѿ⻯ͥԼ⻯ڹҲͲΪˡ
˼ˣĸûһ⻯ģ˾У̩פģնűפصģˡ
תתȥɣҲʲô顣
ŶĬˣնŵĵȻҲ棬˷һڳִ½תƣЩǵ
úܿ࣬ϾԵشȻҪӵķḻȻܶĶԼս˵ͨ񣬾ЩɵӣöȽҡ


337 
ݻҧˣľҧˣʯͷҲҧˡ
ûз˵Ȼ̩ޱȵĹȻܹĵطȴСС
ǳ²ſٳһС鰲ȫĵط棬ëѪ֡
ܶ񶼼һһһĴ䣬Ļ£Ը˵Իȥ
ֻгȺһ𣬱ԼĴӣڴóԼ棬ͬʱֵЩǧٹֵĹ޵Ϯ
ܻǻġ
һգͷ۾ȴ͸Ʋ㣬·һꡣ
ʮ꣬൱СƺЩӣһƬУһһߡ
һʼûע⵽꣬ģһֲ۵ķʽӽһҩʱ򣬷ע⵽
ԣ겢ûûһ˿һĺۼ
ǰķʽȴԼķĳЩ֮
ϵóҩΪоݣֻһֺͨҩݣȻ̩ĵطͨҩݣҲп˶һС
Ȼû꣬һֻа߳ƬôȦһһĽӽоݣѵ롭
ʱ꣬ͬһͷһĵ˳ȥ
Ѿǵоݲһ㣬ʮ̣һ˲͵˳ȥ˹ķ
ʮ̣ʱѾסǰеطֻҪ˹ͱضᱻС
̺Ŵصļ̣˵ĻҲʲô⣬ȻͨǱһƤúѿ
ڷ׼ֵʱֶ
߳ڿһĻߡ
ǵߣӲĻм̵ķ·ϣ
һеļ̣ȫһ䣡
һ̣ͳ嵽оݵĸһоնϣ
еķҲɵóһƼ򵥣Ȼȴޱȵľһʮ̣ڶǡûоĸ;ĵطֱӾնоݣ
һɶҪһЩܹնϵоݣȻһͨ
նо֮һѾͰоץȻԼ׽˼£˽ȥ
ʽȥ֮ԼĶƤȻ
оѾնϣ⸽Բʮ׵ĵطǰȫġ
һȤ
꣬ǹһ̩ûȴܹɲ飬Ĳһ־Ļ֮
ʱƺһ鷳
һ͵͵һͷɫǣĴ˳
ͬһĿͷǡ
Ǹ֪ʲôʱѾӿˣȡ֮һߵľ
΢΢ĵ˵ͷһͷǣľȻá
Ͼ
Ƿһ͵͵Ȼ˹
һյȻľһӣصĻǵ֮䣡
ͭͷβǵص㣬ͷһͷޡ
һȻرȻּʱʱץúãһȥǰһ
СһЩ
˸֮Ǿٶվ¶˷ŭĹâһСС꣬Ȼһ¾ʹԼޣҲϵġ
ʼ˵ڶ˻˻
ڲţеľǼ䲻ݷĻĵط
ȻϾСپʱץ׼Ҳ޷öԷܵ
Ȼͷǰʲô㣬ȻϾǿǣоݱвҪ
ڣһλӻ֮ľڳܲסжѣ
ȴɺȡ
ֱӽѵľͽǵţ
Ƿ˾춯صһβһ˦صĳ˳ȥ
ѪڵϣҲû
Ŀʱһ紵ǰ
ֻһ֣ǾԽѣ
ûеȵԤе˻۾ȻͿ˷ĵ
һˣֵط̫Σˡ
º͵ĵļأ
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һˣʵ
˵ͷ
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յĵطһһˣλģֱ
뿪𣿡΢Цʡ
͵̧ͷ¶˿Ĺâ
Ц
꣬ûƺҲܲãȻӸղžͿԿȡݡ׼ܹѸٵҵؼڡǱƳģǾⷽ츳꣬ʽ棬ȷʵм䶥츳
㵱ͽܰɡЦ
ȻѾһ룬Ҳںһͽܣô˵Ļһ꣬ҲԵ
¶˾ϲɫȻͷ
ճ£û𣿡º͵ʡ
ҡҡͷµʱ򣬾ûиĸߣһεֻ֪Լճ¡
Ҹְɡ
ͷ
ĵطɻ룬úܾõġҿͽг³ɣϣܹϡ
¡ѵĵ
ǵģ³Ц㻹иʦ֣룬ʦܡ
ȻԼǰķ룬һ˼ľһȭ
飡һȦ
ۣô£
Լ۾ʦΪʲôһ˴ң
ȣʦ֣æֹ
³֣ͣɺܾ裺ΪʲôͻȻ֣
Ұųġһֱҵ
ҡҡͷȻԷʦˣԺҪúչʦܣҪ۸
Լ۾ʦĶһ۸ˣ
ЦȻѾǳڵʿ³ûʽĻûʲôսķ룬ᱻ³ɵ
³ǺܾĿ˷һۣȻʣʦΪʲôұȴʦ֣
Ϊţʦ֡
򵥵Ļشһ䣬Ȼһ֣ˣǳ³ŵĴӣΪʦȥԶٺõġ
зų˹â³һֱûʲôȴҲʼ
һӣͽܶսԼ֮ڣȻ뿪̩ǡ
Լλ̧ͷȻƲƲ졣
ʲôʱͽܶҪܵղˣ㻹ǲһ񡣡
뿪̩ǣɽ翪ٳֱͨϤһС͵Դ֮ϡ
Դ֮أǷһ̤Դ֮أɱͷȮ˸ҵսڸҵս֮ɶ㹻棬ʼ˷ٵĳɳ
ǻ˸ңôҲûȥְͥʿĴɱҲͻƵ˵ľ磬ûͥľķҲֲ
ٴԴ֮أЩпǧ
ʦʲôط֮󣬷ʡ
³ǳĬĸ˷ĺ棬Ȼʦִ򲻹ǱϾʦ֡
Դ֮ء΢΢ЦڵƬפ֮⣬ĵطǵڽʵˣ޷ɻĵط
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Լֱ֣֣ͬһһ㡣
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ڷѧ֮УʽһֱȽһóĶ෴ͽܶóЩˣҲڽڵʱɷ˿ġ
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Ѿ³ȷʵһĴڣķʽ˶һ
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ֻʱûؼȻѾ˳ڵȻʵϣȴӵ׵
ڷڸ֮֮ʵͬɽ緢һķǣ
֮취Լʽ
һð취
Դ֮ڱĿʱ򣬳³ǱԼ֮ڡ
ԭǿտյģʲôûУֻװŷͷһЩԴ
ڣȴһƵ


339 ʦ
ÿһвͬĶ֡
Գ³һ㣬ǳƷʿڶ㣬ǾŸƷʿ㣬ǳƷʿĲ㣬ǾŸƷʿԴơʲôʱʽǣܹһ㡣
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340 ɵΣ
ɽһź
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δ֪ǿձȽΧĵطĻǿվ޷ǹɼģԼڹ۷ʵټѾﵽɼֺơнˣҪɱЩޣ̫ѵ飬ڡ
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żӦа취ġ˰֡
ʲô취˶ϣûԸȥǿվ޵ĶһȦȻŷһ˵ˣ֪һ˻᲻


341 Ծ
ǿվֻ̰Ҫɵģһ̵
˿ܣȻ
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ǲкܶĿб𣿿ȥע쵰̽ȥ֮ڲը
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诹̼ĳ˼ǰȻԼؾصһ񣺡诹š
ţãҵһǧҿбݡµɢɽԼȫעбȥ
Сһӣ
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һ诹⿪ʼϲ̵ȥԱԼµɢǣȷʵ̫ʹ
һǧƳɵĿбݣÿҿбݶܹʮ۷ĵӲӳɼ诹µɢɣƷΪЩ˵ȫעȥҲ˵һǧҿбݣܹӳԿһǧɵ
Ȼһ˱ǲΪģȻǿվޡӵ˵Ҳû
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شǿվ޻ͱֵһ˷飡
򳤳һҲһ
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֪Լжôǿ
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Ƕô˲һ£
ϣû̫ЦݣҲûС
ɱͷǿվޣֻʱ£ĪĴɽֻԾȡ
ĵҪƶδ֪ǿ֮С
һһͼɸ߲ǰϸĿ˿Ȼ˵ͷ
Ǹ򣬽ƶһڶǾܹδ֪ǿգɽıԵش
һڶ
˶ЦֱӷɣҲҪϺܳһʱܹɵɡ
ǰҪôƶǲᰡ
֪Ӧôƶ
צ֮ǣƶܹ𲽵ƶ²Щ򣬶ַƵ֮ȥģҲַɽġ
ɼĲܹһ𣿡ʡ
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ʵڲУҲֻˣְɡϵĵ
š˱ȷ£ӿбݡɢѸٴָǿվޣͬİ취Ըǣ
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Ů˻ǡ
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סԺѾǹˣ㲻˼ĵ
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ͷ֣֤Ѿﵽ˹ƷĽٶȣҲΪڷɴ½ʱǿԼĽٶȺܳһʱ䣬˺ʵĻȻǷǰ
ǽʱĸϸͻƹɾʱݻͷǶѾ㹻ĸԴṩ㹻£Ȼһǧ
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ϾڹɺķǣʱһǿվޣиĹһ֧֣ҲΣϵøС
ĪĻɵĵǣʼԾȡ
ɵĵǿʼԾȵʱ򣬷һ˿Ӧ
ɵţɳΣȻһ˿Ӧ
Ȼȴûü뿪
Ϊ׼뿪ʱߣͻȻˡ
˵ˡ
һɢɽǰͷʮ˱ڴᦡ
ͬĴҲܹ˶Կķڣ
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ʵԱڴΪһΪءغ;أ˴磬ǷΪʮءʮغʮأɽ˶Ӧ֤ԺƷԿ
Ĵڣڷ粻̫٣ҲԲ̫ࡣ
ģֻһ
࣬ʥ֣һò㣬µʹ࣬Ϊɫʹ
һʹ˫ǵʹɫĳ֤ܹͬ۷Կ
Ҳ࣬һĴ󺺣ƺѩһ㣬չ
һĴһʥʹһܺλı˪ˣ
һ˼ĸ֡ǲɽĸնסģǿս
ǡʲôһ䡣
ķǧ⣬ֻʩǰȥ͡ҷ޹ʧ٣ʩ
Цʧ٣ʲôϵбȥɽҪˡЦһҸ㣬ʧ٣̫ڵɵģȥɡ
ǧһҭ
ʥ׶˰ȥĻܿˡɣʹ
˱졣һ
˵úãҿ㻹Ҽ׶ȥɣ˵ܾˡ˪˷һЦ
˷ۡ
ڣʩӲġǧ
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һ
׶Цڵδ֪ǿУµ׶ʹʿǸͺͷ޺ڳΧֻҪץסȻŹɣ


342 ɱ
ƺ·Ƶģǧ૵˼䣬ǿ֮һ󲨶һ龰˷ǰ
ޱߵδ֪ǿУһŸлδ֪ǿ֮С
һ۾ͿóȷʵǶԴǡ
ڶԴܣ֧򣬰Χ˶Դǡ
ÿ֧ʮˣ޺ʹʥʥʿλʹ£öԴȫûӶݵĿܡ
жٸɣ֪Ȼչֳܹɵ޷ѡ

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ޱߣȻа취ǧʮ
ʥʲô׶Ȼ
ּ⣬ûܹԿ׶
ƨˣǵķʥôɽͱ˰ɣƶԴǲʲôҪɽڲƶһɽķѾ裡
Ȼ˿˵ٿ˵ǲɽڲ˺ǹᣡ
໥˿ǧȻѾ֪ˣֺαʡ
ҪԸҾˣҵɵҲҪԸ飬Ҽסˡ
ŭХһȻ˲ʧԭأ
ÿ죡˪˾
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˵ٶȿĻôǵٶȣȷҲ˶٣֪ȥʲôط¡
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ȻĻͷղ¶ŭݣҪɳҲᱻɱƬײ
ȻѾˣǾնݳɣ˷֮⣬ɺͶԴǣҲ
ƽʱҲһ־ͻٵɽһ򣬿û֤֤ɽǱǻٵģôôС
еٶȺܿ죬ҲǳĽ
ȫû뵽ԭɽڲַɣӦǷǳȫģȻ򣬱ŲƵδ֪ǿյ
˵ǱĴΧסûбΧδ֪ǿյǿǿվޣ˸ǿǿվ޵Ļɵĵܹһ֣Ҳᱻȫٵ
ʲһۼ䣬ȷ˶Դȷʵδ֪ǿڣʱҲӦ˼㴫ѶϢ
ڲ·Χס˶Դǵʱ򣬼㵱ϵٶȿ˻ǴͬʱһֱЯһơ
ǷƣΣյ飬ôʲôطܹѰҵڵꡣ
⻹ǺͷһͬȥԴ֮ʱ򣬷ķƷʱȴ˼á
Ͼڹδ֪ǿУҪѰҵԴǵλãҲһǳѵ顣
˼ѶϢȻܹҵԴڵꡣ
ٶȺܿ죬ں˸͸ҵһ֮󣬷ķٶȿģ㽫Χɢ磬Ҳ⡣
ΪڷѾԼˣôͲ˱Լ졣
ڿȷġ
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ֻٶȣԴڵĵطΪ϶Ҫȥġ
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ʵ˵ǲǲ١ϾҲʮɵ㹻ֵǵĴȻˡֺЩԥĵ
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ɵӣǲϵĽԼע뻤Ǵ֮УýŶԷ
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ʹ˵ʲôѾǧͬһĽ
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ۿһ֣ʮŽǧķ⻤ִҡҡ׹׶ͼ׶һۣڱ˴ж˾
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Ȼڷҽ֮£۷ǧȴһЩֵסˣ
׶ͼ׶Ѹپ͸˹ȥ
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Ȼ֮һ飬ǴݺʱǱҪǧ
µʹλʿʹҲ˲ˡ
׶ͼ׶ͬʱ˷սҲʼ˲ҵĲɱ


343 ɱ
ĸ˼ĸֿʼֵʱ棬ҵսҲͬʱʼ
ҵɡ
ɵʵҲԶԶȲĴϾ֧ǰձ׼õģ磬Ǿλͳʹʹ֮ͺʮūɽͲٸеţܹӵеϾеŵҲǽ۷ѡ
ʥҲ࣬ӵλʹ֮⣬Ĵ˵ֻڻҡ
ūʹǶķһܹͳģֻҪ㹻ܹԴԴϵڻҴ
ǾڻҴҲǷǳڻҴˡǱضǿܹΪڻҴġ
ڻҴɵĽ֮£ϵıɱ
ֻоŸɼĸ֣ɣʮ
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ЩͳεĶǿԺܿĴģںɽУЩڼ˵ڻңɽ绹Ǻӵͼ˵ռ˾ǿƵĵλĻôÿս¶Щڻǰɽ
Щڻ֮ϵĴڣͳν׼ˣȻͳν׼бȽƵĴڣȴͳν׼һ֡
һڸ޺ʿͣû˻ۣһʹλˣǽ綼޷ܵ顣
δľŸֱɵ˵ĻǧǾȥˣҲܵ𷣡
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ǿ֮Уһ¶˳һ֡
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ϧһͨˡ
սǿ֮⣬һĴʦ
ڱڴᦷâʱ򣬷֣Ҳڿ˼ʡ
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ϵϸѪ츳ͳ漣
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ڿһѪʹ׶ͬߵķһıǧľ롣
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˹򣬶һӣˮ棬ʹðʥⸯʴ˸ɸɾ
ųģĴ
ۣ
ʹǧľʱɽŴͣһء
ɽ츳ܣҲǿɱ֮ǰ֮УֻҪһ𣬾ܹǧʥʿǣ
ȻʹϾʹȻһȫģȴûܵ˺ֻһʱЩͷͶѡ
һ˲䣬ָ˹ţԭͣм٣͵һͷʹײ÷
ʹײʱ򣬻˫һӣëʹϴ˴ССĿ
ʹҽһȫٶðǿҵʥ⣬ͼͬʱ˫ʩ֮£ɱˮš
ҲӽʹȻʹıԼĻ
ʹϣͬʱѪ
ƹȰȥһѶ̵˲иʮ򵶣ʹ֧飬ȴһҲû˵
ֵֺ
еĳǹˮ˹
֣
ֺϺһ
ɿ֣Ѹٵһߡ
ʹո̧ͷͿһѩĳǹ̵Լǰ
ꡱһֺıˮǹʹǰֱ˽ȥ˸͸
ʹ¶ɫһ̣壬ͻ΢ɢǿ֮䡣
ﵽʹ嶼ȫʱҲع鱾Դκһ˿ۼ
֣˲ͻɱһʹ
ɵƣʼøӵľ޴


344 ŷ
ʹֻһˡ
ɵȺɳֺݣĬڷĲס˶ԷֵʱڶʱڣɱеһʥҲҪλʹøɸɾ
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ҲûҪʲôһĴȥȻ˶úܿ࣬ȻȰȴֻǷֳͬʱһλһ
ѸٵĻɱԷɵɽȻֵĻ᲻࣬Ȼսľȴһ㶼
Ͼڷɴ½ϣѾ㹻ս顣
޾ǿ֮УʮӰչ˲ҵĲɱʱŽɫѪҺëɢڿУλֵͬΧ֮ûмֶã˫˫˷

һɵսţʹ
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ϥҲóʲô޷ǾҪ˭ĵ뷨
꣬ɵƯż㣬Ц
Ц绨ȷʵɵúܲ
˾ĽԴȥÿӶܹԼʵ֮⣬ԼҲûзɡ
Ѿǹ۷ΪͷȫֻһܹݻƣΪ˾ĸ֡
ʮɣǧѾԶԶĳһеţȻϵűźܴĲ࣬ȻڶֵĲϣȴҲ١
뵱꿴նϵŵʱ򣬲ľ޴蹵֮ɺնűѾֻ˸ֵȷʵӹΰ
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һ֣֮öԴѸٵĳδ֪ǿ֮˹ȥ
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Դδ֪ǿзɿǰ
˿̵۷ΪҪŲȻ׾ٵ飬ȹɶҪöࡣ
ŷ˶Դڣʼɸתֵɣһֱڷߣ˵žñ黰
ŷɣҽͲ̫ˡ΢Ц
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šʵ˰ɡЦְͥŷɣⶼӦ顣
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ʮӣͬʱŭ
ŭڵĴܣ̲סʼս


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346 δ֪ǿ
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֮ǰûȻȴûеĸܵ
ڷɴ½ϱħϮ˴½ϱΧͺҶвݵĶԿɽ֮˿ĵϮ͸ҵɱΧǸղű˾ĸΧЩɥȴûоΣչ
ȻʱݻԼʬԪ⻯ʵ۷壬֣Դδ֪ǿաʱķﵽԼеһ۷塣
Ȼʱǵ˲͹ᴩǿյĳì׵˺˷ıĸһԴ
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˸֮⣬Ƭռһʷ֣̻¶ŶӵĹͷС
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347 Ψһĵ·
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츳ܣʱ򣬾;Ŷôǿ
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ǵģʹ·ж֮ͷǲɽ粻õĲҲɽ˵ȻỤ̋ȷʵƺû֪˵
˵ͷڵƺˣ綼ҪԸǡһãɽ粢ֻһҪԸҵģֻеĳһУȻǲҪô෽ʽĸԸңǾͲһˡ
ɫЩѿաҺ͸Цж֣Ѿ˷־Ȼ·ԸҵģȻȴŰԸ㣬˵Ҳʥ־
΢΢ͷһ㣬Ѿ뵽ˡ
ôҲ˵ڳ֮⣬ֻһ·ߡ΢Ц
㵽Ҫ˵ʲôͷĵ
Ψһһ·ǿܹɱʥĵزȻҪô磬ҪôԼ˵Ķ𣿡
աҺ͸ͬʱϱɫ


348 δ֮
ɱʥ֪˵ʲô𣡡
ôܣ
ҺҲͬһһĿŷʥߵͳߣӵǿʥ˵ʥ˵ԴʥԽǿңͻԽǿ
ǸһʼҲԴʥ֪ʥжôǿԾĵ죬ҲûκεҪԸʥͷ
պ͸ң˿ȴһ˿΢Ц
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Ϊʲôܵ棿΢ЦˣǸı֮ӣ
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ͬʱ˵ͷ⼸ӹɵ顣
˽ǿĻôҲûʲô˵ˣھͳȥ·жץסǣȻͻȥ飬ҳǱǿĹؼ綼ǿҲǡ
ЦЦĿա͸ңǶ
Ȼ˵ȷʵźܴĿȻաǸңΰ
շ֪Ǹ͸ҡҪǾΰҾˣǷͲˡ
ƾʲôЩʬλز͵ǣҵʵ
Ͳ飬ֻĳֵľǣżɵܣһ·ū͡ʹڵĸ飿ĮÿЦ
뷨Ҳûʲô˵̧ͷĵǲӦöԸĵͽǡܸоһͽѾȫ¾ĲԸΪķ磬Լ
ǵģиҵЩӹǣҲˣɱģˡͷȮ֮⣡Ҽ
Цһһǵ¶ء
ǴֻǺԴ֮ͷȮƣһʱŹķȻɱоȻûֹң㲻ʲôԵĵط𣿡
Ҳ֪ʱ赲˶Էλ񣬲ôһǺܷϵʱλλ̬ͷȮȥԷ
һ£Ȼ󷢳һŭ
ıһҪԸˣ
ҲǸͷԼ򵥣֮ǰҲĹΪʲôԴֵ֮طһλص£ͷȮǱһͬĽɸɱˡϾ£Ҫֲܶѣɱ֣ͻԵúˡ
ֻĸûô࣬ڷôһѣͿʼãȷʵԤıڶԸ
ҳӵЩǣҲˡ
ĵĵЩǶô㣬ôȰȴˡʥⲻҪҪҵĺᣡ
Ȼ̧ͷŷǳĵҲ뱻
ȻҶ˹ʶǾͺá΢Ц
ôӦôܹϵʵ·ǿ϶һֱ׷ɱǵģǸûпռʱȥԼʵֻܶͬٳδռӲд
һˣͿʼ
΢Ц
˵ҳ
˵֮ǰǲӦЩĶҪ˵໥֮ˡȥû־ѾˣپǡҪӦûõĶĵ
ʲôֵʡ
Ƕӵ˱˴֮ҵģȴֻӵи͸һǲǲƽأȻ
͸ҵͬʱͶա
տЦ
ðɣʩҪѪǳҵأ
òֶΡδ֮һֵھˡ
Ҳһ¾ϵҲûκεķϻվ˷ߣԼ֣Լƿδ֮ޱ˹ȥ
۾ǹɾķδ֮
ȷʵǷһĴڡ
署ʵǿͷӣֻͨǿʵģҲ˵ڵʵڸδʵֻ޻ŻԽԽǿ
һڵʵʲôӣôһֱʲôӡ
ȴһδܹ֮һһӵԼϣȻ֮ǰֻͨʵȻ˶֪һֱȥûܹӵĸ졣
ȷ˵ĴڣĿޣǴһСδֻеܹȡԼá
أȴܹ
жܴٿԼԽǿ
һ룬֪δ֮жô졣
Ϊͬӵδ֮͸ҵʵŻѸٵӵ˸Ѫ͸ҵ֮մӡδܹĿֻ࣡
ɾδ֮뷽ڵʱ򣬷Լ
еһص㣬ǾǾޡ
ܶӹӹµµĹһȻֻأٵĵ·ЩѸٵĽ˷ԺȻûʵøǿȴۡ
ЩۻøӵĿ١
һֱȫδ֮۾΢΢һЦ
лѡ
˸ţлʩİ֮ҵҲͬʱӵ
ȷʵˣδ֮ѪǷǳ֮䣬ʵ໥ͻġ
ؼͬصһڣľޣֳǾǰݣ
ϾˣˣˣӵְݵͲͬʱϵ
͸֮ǰѾ˷ѪĻǻñ˴˵ѪʱҲķɣѾʬ޴档
Ȼ֮ǰ͸ҶͷսսУѪҺ̺İ֮Ҳ˸͸ҵڡ
֮սڰ֮£ߵ໥ںϡ
յĳ֣ͬʱѾݵѪȻӵĲʲôɡ
һгڸ͸ҶԸ֮ǰı֮ӣ˿Ѿ֮ӣҲûκδĿܡ
ǹƽˡ֮ǰ̰ɡ΢Ц
ȻӸպ͸ҸһССƿ
ЩҩԷԼʴźܺõЧ
ɽ糤ںսȻƷҩͷҲȱ
أżĵ
Ȼˣϵʥ⣬ˡЦ
ðɡ
ҲϻȻ·ΪۻѪȻȴ˾ʥ֣Ըʥ˺Ȼֵ
ҲʼΪϵ˺
ںõҩĺܶ࣬ЩɢʱȻϡҩļûУȻƸƵҩģȴǴѡ
ڳĸˣ츳֮Ȼܵ˺أȴڷҩĺ֮£ѸٵȬ
ңλ۷塢ʹ۷塢գ۷塢۷塣
ڸ˵ǵʵǺȻǱ˴˵ȴǿš
ڿ˵˰ɣҪν⿪֣ҳ


349 
λ۷塢ʹ۷塢۷塢۷塣
Ƿˣ˿ӵе
ڸ˵Ǻ˲ĺˣ·жŰĴڣǵʵɺС
οǶδռֻʱ޷ЩǿĵѰҵԼѣֻҪһδ֪ǿ֮ڣͱض⵽Ⱥ綥ĸֵĹ
ǶֻܶܶﹶӲдǴ˿̵Ѿָ۷Ҳһ
˵ԶԶĶ֣˵Щǣ·ǣҲ򲻹
飬˭֪ˡҲͷĵ
ôǾҪӪµƳϾ׷ǣͬʱлԼʵ΢Ц
ôӪ죿ڶܶˬĵ
ǵȻܶҡȴܶġЦֻδ֪ǿŰ̲Ÿ׷ɱңȻҵٶȣܹ׷ϵģϾӵһƶٶȣ𼶱ĸֳû׷ҡ
˵ͷȻأ
ȻֻҪ뿪δ֪ռ䣬Ű̾ͲҶҳ֣˵ˣҺǲһԵ硢ʥ硢磬ԵģֻɽһҪԸҵʵѣҲ̫ڵˣȫЦ
Ҳ˵ֻҪ뿪δ֪ռ䣬ǰȫģʡ
ȷ
ʲôãܳȥˣǻǶﲻգջĵ
żǱ˴֮䶼ҪõĵطҲѣȻǲܡЦ
ֳ֮˵øҺշģҪǷ˵ʲô鰡֮ƨһֶţȻ˵໥֮棬ǿŶ࡭
ȥ֮ҪôҲû֤˵ŰôôˣʵǲĴڣһʡ̾Ϣ
ȷʵˣһȥ֮󣬲Ű֡
ЦȻһ⣺Ҫ·ٲ׷ɱ㣬Ҫ㹻ĻռԼʵʲôܹԼʵ
໥һۣͬʱ¶ɱüĿҲ⡣
ʥʹʵϡ촽֮
飬֪ǵѪʲôζˡ
ЩҪĳ֣ȻҲɱǣۻķΪĵһ֣еռһš
ҵû󡭡ֻֻǲܹԼһ󡣡
ĵȻôֻʣһ·ߣǾս
սաͬĺ
ǵģս
¶˹âǣ浽Щ𼶱ϵĴǵģ㹻ȫսɽ֮սɽΪ֮µͳߣ·жǻɵĴδ֪ǿеǳ𣿡
Ȼᣡ
˷ܵĽ·һ֧ڰʹʹսǿĴյĳʹҲȲϣɽ緢ȫô·ضҪĺڰʹ֣
жĵλҲ࣡¶Ц˪ֻжο»ǧ֮飡
սҲϹͳյĻɵȻȻҲʼ¶ȵ
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飬ȷʵֻзܹΪݺ͸Ƕһ
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ûֹܹɽ粻ȥܣԽĵ͵Ĭ£Ĵǣ׷ɱķߣӵĲֹ
Ͳһˣɽ׷ɱĶ󣬲ȻŰҲǽԴŲƵδ֪ǿУɳԸԼֶԸΪۣ·ֶԸ
ô˵ҲͥһŵţڹˣڡںͽڣҲǲʶˡ
ȻĲ˵ǵ˺ܶ࣬ȴɽһ֣û˻ɽи߲ĪĶԸһûзɽš
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ֻҪö֮ĳɽķΧڣôû˸ҶԸ
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ȻѾǣôǣҲٶκεĸ飡
սһĴս𣬴ǵĹעҲƽʱô㣬ڵص㣬ϵȥɱЩʹǣܹǵʵѸٵ
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һֱһӪģɽӵ˹Ľ˷ԴҲ̫ϡ顣
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ĸ׷ɱˣһ̷Լԡ
ҲʲôˣȻھ޴ѹ֮£һ˲䣬ŽΪԼܶš
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ο͹ȥģԼıֻǿĵѣֻҪһʱ䣬ܹȫĻָ
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鶴ڳǻ֮ȻʥԴ֮ȻЩȴޱȾģܹ鶴죬Ӿ޴ĺô
Ȼ鶴Է˵û̫ôȻȵͻ˴ܵľ磬𾳽ǰʱ鶴죬ͿֱӳΪĴǧһ֣Ĵǧ磬Ĵǧӵĳɫ
⽫õĻۡ
ڵͼ׶Σ۵Խ࣬ڸ߼׶չֳͽԽǿ
Ҳֻз޵Ĺ̥ܹô಻ͬʵ˾ӵص㣬Ҳ˼ĸ֣ĸԸĽԼ͵ڡ


350 Ӷ
ʱ򣬲ǸһգԼϣ˷ϡ
ǲﹶӲдȥδռûԴûʳԷãܹԶȥֻʲô壿
Ҫս
սʼ֮󣬵ǲᱻ·ж׷ɱʱ򣬾뿪δռ䣬ȥʵʱ
ȻʵǲԼлΪǿĴڣȻֻҪܹΪӡʥӼô磬Ҳܹ˺ǡ
еϣڷϡ
СĽģ뿪δռ䡣
ĸ׷ɱңǾͳû뿪ܵԽԶԽãȵսʼʱȻͻ׷ɱֻŰ׷ɱңǻǼŰɡ
һ仰֮󣬷뿪δռ䡣
뿪δռʱв˸Ӧ
ŰǵһӦģһֱԼľδ֪ǿе·жˡ
һģǼ㣡
δ֪ǿյȻֻҪȥδռ䣬ĸӦܹӦһУ
ոǱʥΧļ㣬͵̧ͷ¶ϲõɫ
Ȼû
Ȼ֮ǰ֪ʲôԭʧȥ˺ͼ֮ϵȻϵȻֳˣôͿ϶ţ
ȻţôҪıԼгˡ
ԭΪˣͲٻţֻ֮ǰɱʥˡ˭ûɱʥʹ·
ڣȻţôҲҪסԼ
ȻֻǷһ죬ȴû˵˼
Ȼڼ׼뿪ʥʱɫֱˡ
ΪĲ֮ϵٶȱжϣ
ͣɫ
һյĹ֮󣬷Ϣٶȳ֡
һ֮󣬷Ϣٶʧ
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׷ɱĻ˭
Ѿ۷ķǱ뻹Ǹʹʹ·
֪Լﲻ˷ʲôȻҲ漣ͻƵƷӵһȻ·ܹ۷ȵĴڱɻž޴ĺ蹵
ҧҧ㿪ʼʥڼ˹ȥ
·ʥˣôԼɱʥĴڣʥֵһĻҲӰ쵽·׷ɱɣ
ʥҪĻǲǻôһ˿ѵĻأ
㲻ûҪɽȣԴӶԴԵ޹ʵĴɽδ֪ǿпʼͲɽˡ
ʼȻĳʥ˹ȥ
ҪɱˣҪʥЩʿɱƬײʥֵ췭ظ
ǲ֪һ㣬ȻĻҲҪЦˡ
Ϊ׷ɱģ·
ǸŰ̡
Ű֮ǰûȻڷ뿪δռʱˡ
ʹԽʮǿգһû֮˷ǰ
Ȼͳŷӳһȭ
һȭȴеĿǿ˷
֪ԼӲסһȭȫһˡ
Ȼһȭ̺ҲˣǹõĴʵӲɣ
һ۷Ͳˣ̫ڵˡ
һ̫ڵĸ֡
̫ڵĵӣ𾳽磬ûսģȻŰأûŵκһ̫ڵӣһȭҲֻȫܻһȭ
ֻǴ۷Ĵڣһ㾳磬ȴӵ˳ɫս
һʲôĴڣ
죬ûӲӣԼٶȺʹõδռ֮һδռ䣬ܿŰ̵׷ɱ
Űλһͬ׷ɱ
·жҲ
˵ûκε壬ҪסҺգĵ顣
˶Ű̾һǲֻŲһԸȻͻδռ׷ɱǾͳˣ
һֱ⻰˵֮󣬲˶ˡ
жߴδ֪ǿУдһգһޱȴִ磬ɿ˸ոմδռӳķ
ٴ绹˺δռ䣬ٶȶ˽ȥ
һֵʱԵ·ĳì
ٴζ˽ȥ
Ĵκһ˶׷ϷȻĸ֣ܹ뿪δ֪ǿյĿռ䣬ֻԶĵطӴܣ
׷ȥᱻץסǱκһץסֻһ
˵ǣʱ򣬸ǣչֳѵõ
ҲָŷսΨһܹȥұǿĿԡ
δ֪ǿУһչ񣬾ͳһ˹ȥ
·һӲջѾҪŷͶȥĳìתͳŸͶ˹ȥ
һֽС
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۵֨ҽУѪӿϷĵҩֹסʥʴٶȡ
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ҲˣԶԶĳж³һڱ˪֮ȻתͬҰһӴܡ
ж˿ں³ı˪֮Ǳ˪˵ͳ죬ĿŸҡ
һִĵ⣬Ҵûð̣Ҳҽһܵٶȴֿһ֡
Ҳˣͷʮرڴɢɫķ⣬ͺ˹ȥ
΢΢һЦָ죬ͷʮرڴҫһⱦյĽ
·ԵʱյɫͻҰ˼֣һԲתߡ
һ䣬ı֮ӣǿĴܼ֣ܵش졣
ǵĳ֣ȴ÷˴ϢĻᡣ
ŰڲϵĽӽŷȻûǣƵ£ٶȣչ˳
Լķ򣬿ʼδ֪ǿ⣬һԵ˹ȥ
Űڿвϵ˲ţȴʼղôһ㣬ܹ׷Ϸ
Űͷ۵ǣǹܾˣǿУĻţһʱ䣬ռѷأϵľѻŰǰĲ
һȻô
ŰҲ̲סŭ˳Ҳ̫˰ɣԸ׷ɱͬһ㣬ҲҪܵĻ᣿
Ϊʲô
Ҫ֪ա͸ݣǴδ֪ռ֮·ǵ׷ɱ֮½δ֪ռͼˣ
Լȫһʲôʱôеˣ
СҲʲôҪ֪Һͷս㱻ֱӸɵʲô飬ܹر̰ޱȵĸҷ¾սĳޣ
Ṵ̋˼⡣
ֻҪԼӵƺҲ̫СԼˣ
Űϵƣʼ޵ɢ
ʮǱޣǰʱնɱԼʬԪ񣬳Ϊ˴۷壬ֻһܹ𾳽磬Űϣһ޴ܡ
һǧ߰ʮ٣һһ
Űվ޾ǿ֮УȻ
δ֪ǿУʼŰ̵ķ
һǧ߰ʮ˲ܲδ֪ǿͨɽԵͨϡ
ɵãȵֻӣҪײľأ
ǾͲǴ취ˣķ


351 Ű̵׷
һδδռʱͿһỤ̋ǰ
ûԥߣŰֵ̳ʱδռڣ㿪Ű̵׷
һ̣һطδռʵϾǺһȫƽȴཻĿռ䣬ʲôطС֮ǰֻÿδӽӽδ֪ǿձԵشĵطʱ򣬶Ű̡·жϮ뿪ĵ·
յδ֮ȷʵһּķţҲǶһ޶ķš
ӵδ֮֮󣬱Ķûʲôϣӵиݵķʽ
ȻαŰ̶»ˣȻȴġ
֮ǰŰ̵ĸ۷ĸ֣סͨɽԵشзǵ㹻չ˵·ߡ
Ȼ·ǶˣŰһ˵ǻ©ĵط
ﲻУطˡ
һ̣һ
ȻΣŸոδ֪ǿг֣ͿỤ̋ͬʱԼ֣׼䲻ݷĻԼϣ
ҽһ弱һתٶδռ
ôŰ̡
ɷΪԼ޲˵壬˳˼С
ѵŰ̵⻯԰ѾǴ۷ʵˣ⻯ضѾնɱѵǷ
˼룬ֻзһܹͣ˴ܾ磬ΪݻʬԪնȴ⻯ľ飬Դӵзġ
Ȼķȴ˵ֳľӵкԼͬҲǵڽԼֳ˺ܶݣŻЧ
ȻǾӲƴһ£ֻҪܴȥʤ
¶˾ģȻһ۷һ۷Եƣ۷ϰ٣κһҲܹһ۷ԿԷ̫࣬ԼֻߣôҪһ㣬Ҳ̫ѵһ¡
¶֮󣬷һԵشĿռð˳
һ֣ȫ֣
ͷɢǿҵϢһӡɽ⳯һŰ̵ķȥԼǷٵĳűԵش˹ȥ
ðͷʱ򣬷ͲŰ̷ֻһӡסһԼһ£Ҫߣɲѡ
һȫ͹һӡ࿹һǳֹ˷ı
ܲ˵ĳǰͳ壬ٶȱȷ죬ʧȥȻ֮Ű̵ķѾ޷׷ˡ
ȻҪﵽԵشһ̾˺ռ뿪ʱ򣬷ǰʮ˸Ű̵ķ

ֻüһӡлʮ˵Ѿ˹
ڿ³һѪתͬһĴӶԷİΧ˺δռѷ죬ȻѸٵ˽ȥ
ôܣ
ڵĴϢţŰܹµ֣Ⲽ˶ʮ۷Ҳһ˸ǷĻĵطô죿
ǡķֹһ˸
˾ͨȽңԶĵطȻ۾֪ͨϢ
Ȼɫͱˡ
һ˸ȷʵǡ
һǧ߰ʮ
ѹǶ̶̵ľڣŰܹ̾ʮΪ㹻ķһƬͨµʵʵ
ȻƬͨޱȵĹһǧĿ֮£ٶȣҲٶʮĹڵƴҲû뿪δ֪ռ䡣
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磬϶ǲȥģȻ·ǺŰֳôԼ磬Ҳᱻ׷ɱ
µûʥŰɵЭУһǼɱۣ
ԸҺյ̬ǱҪ׽ģȻоʵķŰȴҪ׽
ֻҪˣڳΪΨһı
һͨǾˣȻصһ磬ֻǺɽ罻ãɽ磬Ȼȴޱȵķգ˵ǲӭκˡ
οûȥ磬ȥҲûа취ΪҪɵƶɽ緢ս飬ġ
ԻֻͻŰ̵İء
򵥵˼ôһᣬϰŰ̵ķŷڵĵطٳ˹
ǷڵɽΪѾ㹻ɱķֻҪסͨС
ϰٸ˹ʱ򣬷¶һ˿ϣ
ξ룬Ű̷ٶȣǵ÷һյĹܹϵģ⵹һõĻᡣ
ϰٸҪӽԼʱ򣬷һתδռ䡣
һ̣ڱԵͨһð˳
ʮͬʱŷ֡
һ֣һӡҫ˽ɫĹâεĻסȫһֻ֣ڿĻߣ
ܹóǿķ
ܵķ˹˲䱬
Ű̵Ķʮȴһ㶼ûжݡ
Զһ۷ص˺ȴжʮˣ˺ʮ˷ֵҲͲʲôˣҷҲӵ
ֻҪ֧һʱ䣬ܵͻ֧ԮʱٴͨδռŲƣҲûκεĻᡣ
ǿķ󣬱ض˾޴ϼΣ·δռ˰ɣ
ʮͬʱ˺Ƶֵŷ
ڵֵͬʱҲע˷ϣκεĳᡣ
ûлᣬһ㶼ûС
С
δ֪ǿյϣ˺ˡ
ͬʱδ֪ǿڣ
֮һУ
ŷϵĺһ˫ȭصĻı
򷽣ǧ
ʦ΢Цһǿķ⣬סŰ̵ķ
һֶû˵
Ȼ˫ͬһĻϡ
ŷǰ·ߵķʵҲѡ
ȻܵϮȻʧȴҲһʱɲ˱顣
һǧŰͬʱŭХǵ忪ʼӰӰ´һ̾ҪΪһ
ȻѾ˷ߣһ֣ͬ˺˿ռ䣡
һ̣δ֪ǿյ
ǰģһƬޱȵԴ֮أ
Ҳ˳ȴǴ
δ֪ǿгͲ֪ʲôط֡δ֪ǿսɽܹͨһͬ뿪ȴҲڲͬĵط
һ
ϳˣϤƬԴ֮ء
ʱһҵķ
ŰȻҾɽԵشȴŭδ֪ǿյϣȫһ
㹻÷һ
һ͸δ֪ǿյϣȴɱ˾޴
ҿûɵĻͷȥ
ڲҵķʱ򣬷ͷҲĿʼ˱ܡ
Դ֮ϵıܡ
ܵúܿ죬ȹķҪ죬ȻǵִĹ⻪ȴ֮ͬһ׷
ܹоɹ⻪ŵ˵Ļˣƾˡ
Ҳûܹûɽĸػ
һܣһ˼ҪǽŰ顣
Ụ̋ţӳ˴۷壬һҪڳʮ˸ӳ
һŭȴܵøˡ
ǵ貵Ĺ⻪ڷ׷ϣû˿ɢļ


352 ޵
Ű̵׷ȷʵ̫÷еʹˡ
Ҳ֪̫ڵĹֶξʲôŰһ⻪̺һǿĻϢǷҲǷȴ÷ľϢ
֪ȻԼ۷壬ӲһµĻ㲻Ҳ⵽˺
һֶֺξԼһȻܹӵ
ֻҲ˵ԸҲںԶĵطҪҲȲ
οĻͽﵽ۷壬ľ磬᲻á
һ·ǰͣһϾûУڷٵת˼Ӧȥ
һ·ϣûЩǿ޴ڣСԴ½ϣǿ޷ǹɼģ󲿷ǽɼģʵޣ㷽ץסӣҲס⻪ԼٶܵӰ졣
˺һ֮󣬷òϡҪӹһ٣ֻ鷳Щˡ
Էһ·ֱߵģԴ֮صĽڡ
޴У֣Сһǿ
һ߳˽أһ߿ʼСССԴ֮صĽֻһͷ۷弶ĻޣĶ˼͹ɼģȻڷʱôǿȻ⻪ȴҲ㲻ʲô
ɲϣЩĻǣΪԼܵʲô˺
еĻһ󼦷ɹȻǲ˵ȴöĻҲܹܵ׷ڷǹȷʵܹԸģҲֻ⴦ػ޵죬ͷ۷ĻޣܹԸ
һĶ㿪Ļǿʼ׷ַʽԼ죬Σ
ҪǴʵˣǼޱȵĽأҲɣ
һ߷ɿǰܣĻæȻڿǧʱڷǰȴһͷССĻޣҡͷԵģŷޱȵ
ͷ֮ǰӱϾСޣҲͨͷޣźƬصĻõĹϵ
ͷСޱȵĳԼ˹ͽһࡣ
Ȼ֮ǰͷֻӵ۷Ȼڻ޾ۼĽҲ÷ǳ졣
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôԭͷһֱûг󣬺ͱĻʵԽǿ;Խص㲻һڿֻаƴСëŵޱȿɰȻʵȴѾﵽƷˮ׼
һͷƷĻޣô˹ٶȣ϶
Ű̻ǵ⻪һֱڷ󲻵׵ĵط׷ţȻ׷ϷȴҲ˦
ҲͻȻ㿪СޡһеС޵ĻôͷС޾죬ѾƷʵҲҪ͸ж͸
̾ϢһȻ֣סͷСޡ
סС޵ͬʱٶȣɱľ
ҿѾ˾סС޵һ˲䣬бֶΣҲʼͬʱ
һӡΪһŻƹ⣬ס˷
ڹһӡ֮⣬þƽ֮һ˲Ͳʮ˵ųƷзǿ˼ڹһӡĲʮ˲㣡
һ룬⻪˷
ʮ˲顣
һӡһ޹⣬Ҳѳѷ죬ȫ١
֮Ҳһȫɢ
ٶ³һѪ
˼ˣ·ˣеƼûһأ
⻹ʮ˲͹һӡ£
Űһֲ֮˹
ȵѪеСһͷһ
ǹԴԴϵĹŷ塣
ƺʼоԼҪԼԶȥ
ʱһͷΪӴģȴѾԵôӵĻޣ˷ࡣ
Լƣǵ⻪ͷ֮䡣
£Լǰ֮֫ð˳ɿֲһһĥȥ
ȫʼðˮȻǣԿҲܴ
ڣڽȫ֮󣬻ƣ
ʱ򣬷Ѿ˹ȥС޴˳һţһͷŷ
Ĭһᣬͷ
ܿģͷߴĻ˹С˽
Сҡβ͸Աߡ
ٴʱ򣬾ͿСһͷСһſԼߣһûһԼ֡
֣ЦСޡ
С쵰ͺ֪Ц
С޷һίʣϣֺһĲ䰡ġ
ЦЩǿȷʵأҿ켰ʱ֣вٺܺõҩģҪˣҲ̫ѵ顣
ɽˣˣֻҪú̵ܶʱָܹЩ顢ʹҪˣԽصˣԽҪʱһһĻָ
Сޱ˻ЦˣҲû㡭һллǾء
ʱһϵʶ˷Ժ
࣬лղų־ͻ֮꣬øӵļ̡
ĳлĳ־ǡС޷ڵϣȻص˵ˣҲǷĳ˽Żд²ߡ
һ££㻹ܹȻס֤޶Ѵġ
˷ǰ͵ŷȻԼǰצ˷ͷ
ڵƺҲǵͬһԴҾ͸ҵܹ٣ͿԼˡ
ûȷ˵һޱȺضĻ֮ԴԴϵĴӻǰצӿ˳ӿ˷ڡ
һɡ÷ŵ
Ȼ۷壬۷Ļֻһ󾳽Ĳ࣬Ȼ޺ˡ顢ʹȫͬ
쳣ѵ飬Ŵ۷ʵôҲ˶١
Ļ֮ǱĻ֮뷽֮÷ڳޱǿĻ֮
ǿǷ壬Ҳ޷ס
÷鶴죬ͷơ
Ļ֮ԼͷȥʵƵĴСͬǿһޱ޼ʣĻ֮ӿҲɲ¡
ԴԴϵĻ֮ӿȥͷƣҲʼһЩϵı仯
ƣĶΪγɵġ
Ƿǿĵطƣ֮󣬾ӵ˰ݵ
ڼЩ֮ĴƣҲʼ˻ޱƮ죬ӰӰ´µص㡣
ƴ˿ڣ󲻴ڣ֮ǰõδ֮֮ͬ
һֱǺʵڵģ˵ɣɡ
ɵĻ֮뷽֮󣬻ס֡
۾
ʵڴ˿̲ûʲô仯۷壬Ȼ棬ȴ֮ǰǿ˲١
ҪܣնɱԼʬԪ㹻ˣȻʵأ
׶ΣǷǳҪĻ۽׶Ρ
˽׶Σͷ۵Խ࣬ͻƵܼʱӵеԽǿ
˵Ϊ֮ɡɡɡɺ˶ϸʵֵĻô˴ܼ𣬼𣬾ҲǾʤ֡
˽׶λ۵Խ࣬˴ܽ׶ΣͻԽǿ
кܶඥĴܣ˽׶㹻۵Ĵܣʵսһ֮¡
ȻܹΪģ˽׶㹻۵ĴڣȻҲûʸΪɽ
ڴܽ׶Σ֮ǰĻǷ㹻ȴܹ˴֮սʤ


353 
һ㹻۵ĴƷҲܹɱһ۲Ĵ۷壬Ǻ顣
ڻʬԪ֮ϣܹٻȻնɱǣΪã˳۷塪۷նɱԼʬԪնɱһǴƷնɱǴƷնɱǴ۷塣
ȻȴΣյʱҲû
ɽе˼ˣΪǶԼļ˲Ρ
ҪڵĻۣԼı壬ԼķĻбøӵǿȻڵ۷ʱһնɱʬԪ񣬴ﵽ۷壡
֮ǰĻۣҪǴޱҪ
̣һˣܹΪ˵Ķ츳֮ҲҪķƵͷĻۡ
᲻Σյδ֪ǿҲΪĻۡ
ȴ÷ҪĻۣʱ⣡
ĳĶԻһ񣬱Լľ⡣
Լܵ޿κ֮µʵǸǴ鷳ȻȴΪԼС޶ȷʵ÷Щ
У
ָָСޣ֪ǺεԭȻʵúܿ죬ȴ޷һĳɳۣǾ͸ߣһΪĺðֵġ
ʶִ˻һЦԭû޸һˣﻹвͬȻ֮ǰѪ絽ϣѾΪҲֻˡ
Ȼ
ޣ֮䣬Դ֮ϣֹۡ
ǿɽ磬Ҳֻܺͻγһֺƽɣ޷ǿȻΪá
õЩɲ֪ǿٱȻҪȴһޱѵ飬ԽĻޣҲԲԸκΪ
ڣͷƷʵСޣȴĸԸϷΪҲһˡ
ԼСǵĲ˲䷽ĿţȵԸӡ
ǡԺ͸ҰɣҲκġСޱЦ
С̧ͷͦأ˸׶ı飬˼˵Ժ㡱
ˣ࣬뿪ˡ쵭ĵ
ͷ׼С뿪ȴͻȻʲô
ˣˣһҪ˵
תͷŷ
һµʱ䣬ɽͻ緢ս
Ż죬֣صĵʱ򣬳𼶱Ĵڲ֣ɽܼĸҲַսҿԱ֤ⳡսǳļҡ
¶صɫ
ʱҪСһЩȻֻսȻҲӰ쵽ǵ϶ĵ
˵ͷ
л㣬ࡣ
ʶڷԺ𣺡һ֪ͨеĻ޲ġЩǿĲ䣬緢սǲ룬ǣҪԼҲеĻ޻Ἧһ𣬱СĴڣһֱսΪֹ
Ի칰˹֣ȻС뿪
͸¶Ϣֻǲûڽս֮֡
ȻǣеĻ޼һʱһɶôǿ
սԽҵĻҲǣҪΪԼĽһˡŷ뿪ıӰ
Ȼ֪ʱʲôСޣŽ˹ȥ
ԼʱԴ֮⣬ɽĸǣӦѾһ˰ɡ
һҪ취ɽսˡ
Ȼ˵ԼɽɲʲôҲӵһЩġ
Ҫǣɽǵ̬Ѿúˡ
ԼôĿȻҲõһЩôǲһ£ôС
һԼ飬һЦŶС޵ȻԺˣҾ͸֡ͽС쵰ɡ
С쵰ĳŷһȻҧ˷һ£Ȼǳ֡
Ц
ȻܱС쵰ҡУϾɽԻ޵̬ҪƣȴּɵǵŽǿԼӵһֻĻޣ˵ͻʲô˻ֳ
սʼ֮ǰϣɽܹƽһЩ
ܹȫ緢ս
ɡҵźĻ֮ضǺкôġ
뿪֮ǰС쵰Ȼһ̧֣С쵰ͽԼ֮ڡ
һʼԵЩԸС쵰ڲ˷֮ǹϤϢ֮ͻĴ˸
ھͳӯŻ֮ݻȻҲӵ֮֮ǰֻԵñȽϡѣڻ콫ԼɵֱתƵԼ֮֮󣬷ڣѾΪ˻˾סĵط
ڴ˸֮С޿ʼ˵棬ޱȼӲĵ棬צ֮£Եô
һֱһ֮С쵰Ż˽ȥĴ˸Ƿʼ˯
˾סĵطͲҪ˯ʵҲѸٵһֱԼʵΪֹ
һ˵ܹӵжǿǱźܴĹϵ˼֮󣬾Ҳʲô
С쵰жǱǻ죬Ҳֻ֪С쵰ɳٶȣѾ˺ܶǿĻ޵ļ¼
Ȼ֪С쵰ɳʲôӡ
С쵰֮󣬷ûˣ߳˽أȻնŵפء
Լ⵽·Ϯ¡ɽӦѾ֪ˣȻԼʧ֮ɽĴ۷ֽδ֪ǿ̽ȻȴżǣһϢȥ
ɽʲô֪ȻˣôһҪƶɽ緢ս
ΪɽѾܾˣʱӵžԵƣɾϣɽֻǺƽȻɾ֮µУɽȴռ˾Եơ
ɽں罻ĹУһϳԵԸ
ڣһŲ㱻ţһͥ㱻ʥ·ɱһ㣬ģƶⳡս
նŵפϡ
ԭʱ򣬲ʱɽפӦǿտյģȻڴʱȴѾĸ֡
һƬڵĵ̣ն֮µ
նŵפصʱɹٹٷĴܼ֣ǰ
ɵķ𣿡һڴʵ
£ѣˡ΢΢һЦֵ
񡣡
ڴܼҴҵĹ˹֣Ȼܻ̫ˡ֮ǰ˵⵽ʹ·Ϯ
ˣǱ󣬿ѾѲĵ
Ȼû˵κ֤ȻԷȴŲɣ֮ǰ·һˣеɵӶֵڴܣ˽δ֪ǿղѯȻûп·ȴҲо·ֵϢ
ɽѾˣԴĪδ֪ǿڣ⵽ΧžʹλĲкͥţ˾ڶɽ֣
ɽڷսĺѾܸˣڣˡ


354 ȼҩͰ
ˡ
ǵģˡ
ڴܽӵ֮󣬲ҵѸٵĻͷصɽ򣬵ͥڵĵط
ֻһ۷壬ĸɽȻȴһݣǾͥ
פĶԴǣĴõģɵĽܹͣפʮʱ䣡
һȴԷŲ˳ȥʧ١ɱҲ޹أɽĽͲʧǾڴĴڵ
ڣˣҲɽŭƽϢ
ȻȻԸ⿴һ㡣
ܴκη˵ҪⳡսɲֻΪԼҲΪø
Ȼ͸ѣȻʵϣͲȥ
ǾҪҲܱץס
ӵ˸Ѫҵյδ֮ĻôضʱսӵĲҡ
ǰսϣܹɽǿơ
ͬʱսĻɽڲԷĴɱҲӻϾıᱻȥսܹԸģٺܶص
ϵȻ׳֣ÿ˶ͬһ㣬ʱ޿̵ܼţɽڲ硣
µĸ֣ܹвЩ۷ĸ֣սУȻǶԸʱǻжܹԸ
οҵ£ÿ԰ĵıɵʵͲս
Ҳܹˮ㣬ǿԼʵ
Ҫһս˶ˮ
ΪսķˣҲضܵܵĹעȫҲӵб֤
ɽǿƣȫսɽʧ̫󣬷ʥ硢ͷʧޱȵľ޴ΪɾĴ֮£ǱɽƵġ
ͥ
Ĵ֮£ɽͳλ
ڣͥʮ£һȫˡ
ʮϴ̵ʮ֣оͰ˷ģڵİԷڵķ
ҲǸƣϾʮ󶥼ϴ̣Ѿɽ֮⣬ǿ
ʮȻǶϴ̵ĽȴҲоصĵӣȻҲᱻͥ¡
ںžƣ˫ĿգƺڴҩڵͷһСС«ڵĿĹˣƺҪ˴һ㣬ǧڵһƮȻ̬֮ڡںǺڵһȫͷǿѹµͷɽûվֱͬĽһ㣬ֱָա
ʮ£ͥɹٶˣЩɹٴ󲿷ֶǴܼĸֻ֣ٲ˼ģɹ֮µ˼Ϊֻɼĸ֡
귽ͥʱ򣬾ǹ۷ĸ֣ڣѾΪ۷塣
ʮƷͥеλ͵ġ
ȻڣʮƷվʮǰȻԵá
ͥãռع󣬸̨֮ʮλʮµΧڴ࣬λɹǵλ
ļ£ʵϼûйͥ˵˾ǹɽڲЩëƤ飬ȻĴܡ
ȻΣ⵽ɱģȴͥ
ͥȻҲҪӦֶΡ
ܵɱģٵ
ڵŷȻ
ǿڵ¶һ˿΢Ц
ڻشµ֮ǰҵм⡣
۾˵
ĳͥһӣڻְУȻĳΪʵȥδ֪ǿȴҲʹŷĳְ𣬼߱ͥϽ֮ΪͥЧͣҲǡ
ǡ
οڵǵҩڵӵԼۣȻ£ɨͥ׶ˣΪͥأʵͿ๦ߡ
Ҳˣݲ飬ͥϽɢ׷ͶȥɽĻʣ֮ǰɣ߳ɣݹѾ£˭ҲĨȥ
ǧڵԼĺӣ֮
̶̼仰Ѿ÷ĹͣöڡҩڡڣټǧڷԣѾĴִ±Լ̬ȣڵֻǲԴԲû˵ѡ
ȻΪ뿪ͥϽΧ֮ڵɣפĶԴǣȴͻȻʧʵ
⻰һʳڳеɹٺִǣ󲿷϶¶ŭݡ
£ѾΪɽĳ裬һפһеŵͬʱĴפʮ򣬴򣬾ͻأʧɽ綼û֪ȥĶ
һʲôɽӵеڼƣһʧֻǾţһëʧһҲַʽʧ
ʧǶԴǣʧģ᲻ĸŵǣ
ʧģ᲻ĸϴ̵Դǣ
ʵɽĳ裡
飬ɽ绹ڲ顣
ڵǸƮƮȻĿ˿ڣֻҪ˭ɵģɽڲͽĸ֣ǶҪ׷ɱףݣ
ӦˡķɽȻ
зҪе顣Ц
Ҿͽ֪飬˵
һȻʼ
δ֪ǿգԼͻȻ硢ʥͷ۷ĺְΧǧ׶Ǽ׶ϵĺ֣ɽҲǹ˺ŵģڷһ˵ȻҶ֪ǻԡ
Ȼ󣬾ǶԴǱΧʵ
ҿɵʵǿڷסֵʱɵĸȻɱ˸Ƭײͻƣǧˣ뿪δ֪ǿյĹУ⵽·Ϯ
ȥԼ͸˵ĹϵֻǵıʾԼһֱڶ·˵׷ɱþǧ˻
·ж
ִҲʼԾˣǵ׷֮£ܹѵģ
ٶȣǣҲһģǾҲܵˣҿҺͻн飬Σʱӵ˻޵Ľ棬׷ɱ
һĹ£δ֪ǿյʱ򣬹ⴳǿǿվǵľۼأǿվǺ·ǽ֣Լųûѣڳδ֪ǿյʱҲ·һ˽桭
ʮִ½˺ܾãȻⷬǾ˺ܳʱűģÿڶֻȥ˸˵ĴڣȻҲҲʲô
ôڵͺˡ
֣Ҫɱ
ΪʲôǷǻý
Ϊִֶ̫棬ôɢʿ޷ĵĴȥȥԵطɽõ˸ĺô
ɱ߳ɣҲʲôȻڽʱƣޱȵľ޴ɽܹȡþԵƣɱ
ǲҪԸˣȻûٶ£ɢǻصǰյɽеƣֻص֮ǰ
׷ɱΪ罫棬Ҳ֤ˣľٴ룬ɽŶôĺô
ǻˣǲ֪ʲôʱҵɣֻ⵽ֶˡĵ
仰ȼյĻҩͰ
ĳѪɹٺսֵʱͥʼͬʱ
ΪӣΪ˽Ϊˡ档


355 ս
Ⱥӿɹǣʮ£òµЩɹ٣Ȼʼ˽µۡ
ƽ̫ãѾɽǿˣҪɵǣɽ磬ٶȺɨ磡
ڵ
ˣɽϵģҪõѵڵһɱĵ
ΪһССķϧսǲСһЩǺڵ˵ˡ
Сˣ⵽ʱеţҲ𷴻ʹλǸʧһҲѪѵǿɽ磬Ѿ˵꽫ٹ𣿡ɽڵ
ɽ籾Сһ磬ڱ裡꣬ʵϳɳշһĸ˽ɽǿǺƽˣ˵αǻܵģǿսڻڳ˯У統ȴӲĻɱһʥʥͨǿĴڣȴӲıǴһײ㣡ǴƵʱ򣬶ҷȻ֣죬ӵǿȴҶЩѾʼǵС󷴻𣿡
ǧȻһһֵģ˵ͷ
ˣĶֻ֣ѷɾĲϣҲûռơ
ڵķˣսĻкܶĪȥϾչ˲סĻκһ𼶱֣˲֮еš
𼶱ĸ֣Ҫ֡
ͻȻЦֻҪߵĸ߲סϵĸǣΪһȫսҲǷǳҪġ
ĻеΪ緢ȫսܹܺõı磬ȴҲûƵǽķϡЦ
Ҳ˵šž磬չǵǸð취˸ȴܹõֳǵ̬ȡڵͷˡ
ϣžԵƣʧ̫󣬶еźµҲţȫ淢ȫռݵ򣬴ݻǵú̳һ㹻صģȴڹǽĽѵǧڵ
ڴ󲿷ִ¶ͬҪһѵ֮£ͻ϶
ܿģͥʼս鰸ύĴڣ𼶱ĸ֣Ϊһ޶ȵȫս᰸ܿͱͨˡ
ɽӴսʼת
ǧٸΪĴţԼ¾Ӣĵӣ緢޲Ĺ
ΪǵǴ۷壬Ҳⳡսֵǧϴ̡ʮ󶥼ϴ̺ĴڣҲ׷ɳûдﵽ𼶱ĵӣչ˽
ȫսȻⲻ˻˵ģȻҲƽ̫˵ɽ磬ԵһЩһҵսҲܶˣȴúܶںƽʱֻܰͰ˲ţսѸٵĳɳ
սֶֻΣĿǸָ
һǱɽЩɣһй;
úƽѾõɽٶ¶צʾǿ
ս˲Ÿӿ֡
һ̶ȵϴơ
Ϊģй̫ڣҲⳡսû̫顣
һʼЩ֣Ȼͺܿͨˡ
̫ں繴ᣬΪԼĵλȻҲĿ׳
սʧȥ¸ǣĽҵһ·ĻᣬͬҲǷ̫ڵġ
ⷽ˵̫ڵ棬Ǻͷ治Լͬ
һʼĦ絹û⡣
ʧһͥ׷ɱ飬϶ɽ粻
ҲΪжôصĺϾɽȷʵѾƽܾˣȻǿԵȻȴҲٴ󶯸ɸꡣ
һеŵʧȥˣǸͥҲûжصĺ
ڱ߽翪ʼսʱĴǲû̫⣬ֻߣóʮΪˣɽȻߡ
Ȼ飬ȴ֮⡣
ɽ·ǧٸΪʮϵţںϴĵǵ£ͬȳһĳأʼ
ִ֯ķߣֻǼ˶̶̵һʱ䣬ȫ߱
ĵ֮ɽĴΪ㣬ϣһһȷѪꡣ
ɼĺ֣סв㣬ɽµеţǳɽƵĽأ޺ʿʹչҵĽÿһأ͵ٵصú̳ݻͳθ
ĴǿʼŭˣȻǺܿ췢֣ѾɽĸǶϡ
ں̫ڵϢס˷
ڵϢס
ĽĿסʥʥ
֮£͸һһĶס˷ķӡŷʥʥӡʥ飬ǣЩһһĸ֮⣬ɽ뻹ǧΪԤۡ
ǿʶڿлص
ֻһµȫսǲʶȤǾͱҲ֡
ڲϢ֮ĸǳĬˡ
裬Ȼȴûκεİ취
ɽƣȫλģɾƽ֮⣬ɽ綼ռơ
ɽ磬ôͱɽǿƵķ
Ǳǰ̫ںǹˣǸȻȥɽʱҲֻᵱļƲ߶ᣬ̫ھǹᣬҲ⿴ޱȵġ
ֻɽĴŰ
ǲƹˤĺֻһǾվõսһֱ˶
û˱ЩǸͳڼƵ飬ϵĵλ̫඼ҪֻҪǲˡ
Ҫ֪ǰǳɽ֮սǿʹ飬ȻӡʥӺĴڣȴֻһùķˣ޵ĳ˯ȥ
Ǻϧ
ֻҲĿ类˵һͿּѸٵķٵٻ׷ɱǵ·жֵɽӿĴ
Ͼˣ߲֮µͳߣҲǿͳţսڱýڽڰˣûʲôƹ֮⣬ﲻڣҲһܴء
·ĺڰʹšжǧдʼ˵ͳͶսʱǿסţɽĴʼ˳־õս
δ֪ǿзЦڴЦŷš
ǶԷβûа׷ѣˣһȫսǲҪٶӴܡ
ҵսСҲõĻᣡ
һսһʹѪ֮󣬵һսһλ֮󣬵һսｫһʮ޵ķӶᵽԼ֮ͬʱ˳Ц
Ӣ֮أѸԼʵʱ
ֻҪΪʥӼĸֻ֣ҪҳΪĴڣֻҪĳ˷𡪡ǲûĹǣٹųϦӣ


356 Ľ
սĿʼ˶˷֮С
ɽĴڽƽѾȫĽĿƷΧڣʼ˲пı
ʱ򣬷ޱȵķŭ֮С
ԭǺܺõġ
һⳡս綼ɽŭ֮ԼĳѾһ롣
ʣµģȻŰ̺̫ڵĳ𡭡Ȼⲻż
Ȼõ飬ص˶Դǵʱ򣬾ͱƻˡ
ΪصԴǵûп㣬һϢ
ΪԼͼ֮ϵϾѾǱʥ磬ҪΪԼ
ģûҪʲôһô죡
ɵ´
˶ĬĿŷһ仰Ҳ˵
ʱҪȥʥ磬޷ֹڷŭҲ޷ֹ
ˣҲûʲô취Ӧô
òԲ
ôҲɽһ֣ȻҪ뵽ⳡսȥ
̾˿ƽϢԼŭ𣺡ǳȥʥ磡
˵̾ϢҿȫսʼˣΣղŻ࣬ҲܾȥսѾʼˣʱ˿ɥھҪǰʥ磬һ߷սһѰ㡣
˶˵ͷҲҪġ
ɵʵʵѾԶԶĳЩеţϾһе޷һ۷ţϰٸ۷塣
أ˼ľзͼ㣬һʵƺûʲôޣÿ磬
ټϷͼŷҲӵ˵ʮɣǧɣȻϵű˺ܶ࣬ȴҲ̫ˡ
ڵеţȻȴѾϵŵĴʵȻҪЩеźµһȫսԱһ·ɨȥ
ͷѴӣڽԼϵĺ֣ǰʥ磡һ
ŷ˵һ֮󣬷Ѹٵ뿪ˡ
˿ļ١㷢սϣκε顣
ӡ
ԳȻõ飬˴ô˵ҲǱȽϻģֻзУΣյĻһҲóһЩ
սԷ˵Ҳǻ۵ĺûᡣ
ŷɴʥս
ɽֵݣԽ磬Ϊͥ
ʦǴŷͳ³ӣ磬һսһ߽ӣͬʱҲսϳɳ
ԼǸɽǰ沿ӡ
Ŀ굱Ȼʥ磬Ϊʥ硣
ɽĴĿĵɱ뵽ȥǸְ
˴໥ŶԷĸ֮⣬ڡںͽΪ̫ȻӴȻھϣûһͳһ̫ľźϵţǷɢ˿һάɽĴһǷֳݣڡԼһ𣬽硣
ҪʥģԽΪ
ڽ磬Щǿ飬Ǻϲǽģǽ磬ųɫķҲֻзǧ򻯵ķܹܺõĶԸЩͷ
ڽʥ硣
ڽڻûȫʥʱ򣬷Ѿ˽ڵǰ֮С
˾֮
ֱȡһ죬۲䡣
ڷΪɣһֳֽǰһ֮أɱ񣬷ɱ
һǧ֮ȡͷ­
Ȼͬ͵ĽɣȻףҲ벻ɡ
ͣ˪϶۲ƣƺƵĿʥ硣
ϵǰӪʱ򣬽ѾʥߵߣѾӽʥ
޾ǿ֮У
ǷĽڴӪʢ
ոս뽣ǰӪʱǰȻɵĻ
ѩһʹաƣڵӣ壡
һ쳹ǿգĿȥһƮȻĽɣг£һενɫѪҺڴӽ¡
ʥߴսʹ֮һҲǺ·ʹҲζųʹǲµķߣ˼ȱڣ
£磬ɡˡܼĽɣԼĽ⣬ʹķ͵˹ȥ
ʹЩ٣ĶԿУ˶ĸֻս˫ʧضܴ
ǵ룬ӦһһͻƶԷķߡ
ȻڵĵǣƺԸжзӡ
ǻڹؾصİӪկձʥʹȴźĴǰ֮һٻ֡
Ȼһս֮ڽɴѩܻյʱеĽɶˡ
ǲȥҲܶĲҪ˺ȥ
ߣͷЩǰԵʲôĵˣֻҪлнܹնһУնһУ
Ǿ˹ȥܲ˵ĳ˹ȥ
ݺᣬʹԭȵסţĳУʼɶˡ
ǵſʼɶʱ򣬽ǵĳӵ
ȻвٵĽɶܼĶԿ˲䵹أȻĽɳ˹ȥ
ڵĽǰ沫ɱɽڵĽںͶԼĽ⡣
Ĵ֮£ʹӪڱˡ
һȺһĽɣʹȻû̫ȴҲе˺£
ڷ˷ߣʼس
ԭǲܵģڻسʱһʹӰԼµʹļ꣬Ҫ赲һ½ǵĳȻȴû˿ȴ
ðż꣬Ľɵˣڵ֮ǰͶԼĳһһ˵
Ľɳ˹ȥӽ˶ԷȻʼ¾
ڽĳ֮£ʹǵĳˣܣȻ׷
һȺһˡ
Ҳɵø̾˵ڵͣڵǿڵ˷衪Ȼȷʵ裡
һߣҪ飬Ǻɨʥ磡
һֱɱȥձ΢һ֮ԾΪģֳ˺ƺƵǧ֧ʼɨʥ硣
еźµɵĸΪֲĴͬȳһģʥ磬ٽãѹԴ
ȫսķǺܶģȻҪøԴǻ
ɽĴʥ硣
ɽһʥҲССɵģÿ϶ƽ񣬶Щƽȫǿʥʥ顢ʥԼʹǵĿͽ
ЩͽеٮٮߣΪʿǣͳӴʥ硣
ĽҪѰҵ㣬Ҳô׵顣
Ψһ÷ĵľǣͼ֮ϵɴڡ
֤˼㻹ţһúܺá
Ҳ֪ûлɱʥĸ֣ڱʥĸ׷ɱš
ֻʥѾɽĴ֣ڲҲûжԸɣ
ϾʥĶڣɽĴǶסˣ޷֣ЩʹҲڸ϶ԿɽĴǹ۷ĴڣһʹĶ֡
ֻҪôùЩʹеٮٮߣʹʹ֮ĴڣİȫͲʲô⡣
ʥ˹֮ǰɱĳʹĻ϶ܵʥ׷ڣʥڶԸɽĽ֮ϣİȫҲڴһ¡
ʼлԼˡǷս˵Ѿʥץסˣʱ򣬿ɾ鷳ˡ
ģҵ㣬һҪƨɲСš


357 ĳɳ
ʥһС֮ڡ
ͬһͷĸһ㣬һƬ֮С
ľ֮壬رóģȻʥľ൱ĸߣص㣬ֻҪľΪһ壬ôǿʹҲֲټ
Ǳʥ֮󣬼㲢ûмж
ĿҪΪôܻɱʹͻɱ١ҪĶɱһЩʹеǿڶŻйȥ
ʥ֮ſʼеʥЩˣûԼ꣬ûԼҡ
ֻڷĳǸΪʥˡ
ǵǵһУеУںģֻʥԼʵʥǾͻӵһС
ʥκһϣĽãʿŸͷɫĳۺ̽ıߣһ˵ĽǵĹһתԼķŽңơ
ÿ˶ҪΪʿ٣ǸӷʥԼͲ΢룬á
ûмƽ
ڷɴ½ϣƽǺڣǲҪʿǣʿҪȾƣҪ⣬͵õҩȥƽǽȻƽûķʽȴܹ޲ʹĹһһꡣ
ɽ磬Ȼвƽ⵽ɢսеĲȻڷ֮Ҳˣͷɴ½ϵƽһܹͬ޲ʹʷĹһһ֡
˵˴½ϵЩǣȻһΪ׷ˮݷ֮أȴ٣֮⣬ܵѹЩħޣҲʱʱնɱޣӻһƽ
Щ˱ʥƽǣúܿ࣬úܻججһʹ࣬ȴûҡ
ڿһ֮󣬼ʥĳޣʼԽǿΪ˷ΪЩûңûйͬʬһƽ
һҹһб򣬵нãɱЩۻʿǣȻޱߵ֮С
ʥܿ˷Ӧʹ·ͷЩãȻ֪ƽǣ췣ϵ
㲢ûбһʵͨʹҪǿ֮־֡
ʹ뿪ʱ򣬼͵͵ĸ˺档
Ȼǿ֮Уɱʹڸһٶ
ʥŭ
ʥڲûĸֹñٵûгֹʹ֣֮ȴϢȥ
ȻǻûüѰʥڲɽսͿʼˡ
ǿʹʼֿɽ֣ΣսӴˡ
ּĴǣɽжˣκεĶǿʹǷͷʹڵֿɽĽ£ģͨʹԼЩʥʿʿʿǡ
ڲһ֮󣬼㿪ʼ޼ɵˡ
ÿһȳֻɱפϵʹȻ󵷻ٽãеƽǺ
ǵˣӦգνʥκεĺôЩʿǣǳм䣬ǳΪʿ֮󣬾ͿʼѹǣһӣûΪԼ
һһ򣬼ڲϵĸߺĻѾľʥǣעһЩµĶ
ܶ˺ܺ£Զ˼Ļǰ˿ʼ˼˼Լڵ塣
ûʥĸַһ㣬ǲûȥֹ㣬ɽֵ£ʵûжˡ
мĽ֯͢ԼйܹһĴʹԿļǰǵĽͬСϷһûκεв
ʹʱҲʮ˼
£дʹĸֳˡ
ʹɫĳζӵкƷʵ
ʵȵѹס˼㣬Ȼݻƣ˸ŷ£ѾӵƷȻȴƷǲһЩ
ʼ
ʹ׷ᡣ
ʥ粻μһ֮ȼҲʥͳεĸ⵽Ķҡ
ȻӵޱǿԽԽʥôʥҲᱻ
ԭʵɾ֮ϵʥǱɽɾǲסʥĵ̱࣬ЩͽǶָңʥΪɽ֮ʥͱҲûܶɽв
ʱɽҲֻжЩʥ;ʥʵ½ڣͷչĻôҡģʥĸ
Ծʥޱȵѹʹص򣬿ʼ׷ɱ㡣
֮ǰֵģֻһѡ
ڶʹҲ׷ɱеʱ򣬼͸ӵĵֵסˡ
õǣ㹻ɫ似ɡ
ܹ취ɱʹĻôȻɱһٸͨʹҪõö࣡
㲻֪Ϊʲôڶֻʹ׷ɱԼҲ֪ɽڽʥ磬˵ȴһûᡣ
ͬһͷһһôϣȴʹĵ
ȫûһ˿Ϣ¶
ϵľΪĶĿ۲һС
ľ֮ӵе
ʹϡ
׷ɱһŮʹЩԼСˣһ룬ʹɽЩӵĽÿʱÿ̶ɥΣգֻ׷ɱһŮˣҲǺò¡
УҪҪǸŮ˲ϵȥɽЩӡ
ūҿǲҪˣɽڽǣʹǷˣֱӸɵǵġ
ֻǿЦô档
ʹĶԻ˼Ķ
һ
ɽ翪ʼʥ𣿿лӳȥˡ
ڱʹ׷ɱʱ򣬼;ԼӦ뿪ˣϾڷ֮ϵʼȶƺ֤Ѿʥ׷ɱôԼٴȥҲֻǺˡ
ҪƷʥͳΣЩƽǻָɣǿһǳԶ顣
ٲԼܹõģֻץסյᣬĲ¸ӡ
ǿʼ˼ʱѹȣҲͻɶ
ɽʥ磬ԼܺɽϵϣʥҲɽ绹ܱ书һۣʥЩɳĿԽ͡
֮ǰҪȽʹɵ˵
֮ǰΪΣ뵽ʥȽϿڵĵطɽĴҪҲô׵顣
ʱֻѡԾȡ
Ҳûлᡣ
ȻԷеκһԼδܹӮˣȻ˺ʹƣǾ˿Գɳ
ʱľУѾ˺ܶûоĶ
֮ǰҪʥ硣
ڣҪʥƽǡ
ͷ֮УҲԽԽŨ
ҲһţȻĹâһֱڸǣȴǷɴ½ʷŮӡ
ڣھȥʥ縴֮˷âֵ£Ĺʣʼһһͷ˳
ʱľѹ֮£ڼĹʱ̣
ֻڵʹܹһ㡣
ҲҪһЩʱ䣬Լ⻯


358 ƨ
ʹﶼҪ׷Ů˺鷳
ȻֻƷˮ׼ʥ˵ȫʲôƽʱ˵ʥǳ֣ĸʹ֣¶ܹ׵Ůˡ
һʼ£ʥʧȥ˶Ըʱ
Ϊսʼˡ
ʥʥʥǱɽɾǶţʹҲɽЩӵķֻ֮Ĵֿʥʧһ㣬ûиʱԸŮˡ
ܹʹɨڲѾʥࡣ
ȻŮȴ鷳
սҲֻ˵һ㣬ȻʹƽսǶԸһӮˣ͸˵֮ǰЩʹֻΪռ˼ϵƶѡ
ȴóԼΣľ֮壬ټϴӷ͹Ҳѧ˾ֻ֮Ҫ֣ôϢͲᱻʥ˷֡
ȥҪҵʲôʱ򣿡
һȦ֮Ͳͷˡ
ūҲҵ൱ĲͷǶΪսսʹʹҲǷֺüֵģսʹдʹǵĳʿģôϾսʹٳģôϾǴʹһִһֺܲ
սʹַֺü֣սǿȻ·ĺڰʹţʥսǿʹԲһľĳʹӰȨʹкūǳʹ
רְսǣûʲôġ
ӦôūС
ֱӾɣûˣеľһͬҿǸŮ˻ܲһĶЦ
ʹԱȻڳΪʹ֮ǰе࣬ǳΪʹ֮󣬶ЩˣȻһò绨ĴҲκεϧ֮ġȻҲҪ
ð취ūͷ˵ûˣˣʵҲں
Щµƽ񣬱ĲУ㾻ƽƹһ־ˣ˵ϵƽ񸯻䣬췣ûм㣬ʹҲûٸɣν¶Ǿںܶʱ򣬱ҪĻֶҲƽһƽǸӵľηá
ʹĶԻЩż
Լᱻһͬʵʹ࣬ǿҵʥҲ޷ȻԼľãԼ뻯ʣ⻯Զʱ򱻷мĻӵЩˡ
ʥʱ䣬ǿԼһͬʱҲž޴Σա
˾֮ǰ԰ͰȻ⻯һҪĸָĻۺ;նȴ⻯ʱҲһҲɽͬⷢһսԭ
ɽƽ̫ãѾкܶˣһ̶޷Ϊǵľ̫ȱⷽļʶ
һսȻʧܶˣȴøˣлữԼ⻯ԣ
һ̶ˮԳʲô仯
ʢУûܶӢۣУܹһɳ졣
Ҳܶս
ǲ뷢սģΪûɽͲһˡ
ǲϵĺĦ˵ɽԽǿҲԽ
ҲΪʲô˿ظ⼸ı֮ӵԭҲҪı䣬ȻĻֻᱻɽܡ
ȻһУȴɽ缰ʱĽٵˡ
ڿſԼԳ򣬽׵ëҫŹâ
ʥ֮һۻࡣ
ϵĵȻϣɢ˱̫ҫ۵ʥ⡣
Ҫ򣬶һʹ˵Ҳ׵飬Ȼһͨʹǿ̫࣬УҲҪһʱĻۡ
ū߱ޱϸע
ҪǼʱͻϮôūͻлʥ⣬Ҳȫı䷽򣬳ż
Ҳ̫ϵһжٵȻһŹͺͺһҪ¹̬Ҳ̫׵顣
ܲٵȻٵá
Ȼ㲢ûг֡
̾һҪ۵ǿʥⷢȥǿʥ⣬һһȻ򣬽һжٵ
ǸŮҲκζܵĿռ䡣
мԼȫʥⶼȥʱһֻƽ֣סʺ
ȻʹֻǰģǵѾȫյ˵ٴסǵʺҲκεĲʡ
ֻ֣סʺʱҲסȫһյʱǿʥҲԷĿסˣ
еӵ˳ʼƴȻȴһöûУǿԱ߿һۣŷūҲסˣͬƴ
סģͬһˡ
һƽףͨĴֲ£º͵΢Ц
ȻʱĺͰˣɢģȴǱ˵ɱ
ҿ·ʱ򣬲ʹȫʥ⣬Ծܹһ¡ԭˣҪԸҵţ
ɴ΢Цȴҧгݵĵ
кūкܶ໰˵ʥڲפʹմ˵£Ҫɱһû³Ҳˡ
Ƿûиκ˵Ļᣬ˫ͬʱ
ǿĻ֮ӿʹڣһ̣߽ڵʥɣȫ΢Сӣصһɢ֮䣡
ֻë
ʹս֮ûʬģȻȴëëɫģڣζʹɽڹʥʱ򣬼㹦ͣҲͨëġ
ʰëȻӽԼĴ
ɱʹСҲһݺܲĹͣϾܹƷԿĸ֡
һ֮󣬷̾һɣ㻹ʲô֮ǰôĵӣһܵʥ꣬ôͻȻСˣ
һ֮󣬾ͿͷԼ½ǣܲ˼ĳ˿С
Ҳһ¾ͳ˹ȥȻڼ㻹ʱͰᱧڿзһ£˶ſԼĴϣž֣صĴ˼ƨϣ
ž
Ŵ죬ǿתͷһŵĿŷ
ҸʲôСӣӦñƨɣ
һžžžĴ˺ü£ŰѼſһỨ˫ֻں棬һίĿŷ
֪㼱𣿡̾ϢһȻ󽫼㱧ԼĻ
֪ʱҺʧȥϵʱжô𣿡˱죬Ȼ
ˣû¾ͺá̾ϢһȻҿ֮ǰѾ˴㣬صɽ֮ɽ綼սȻĻѾʥץס˰ɣȻǰһﶼһȺ̫࣬ǾһСָͷҲǻʥ綼ز˵ʧ
һ죬һȻʲôʲôƶɽս
˵ͷ¶Щ˵ǻ߰ɣʹҲСϾǵľ˵ûд֮ǰﱻڵĴѩܻ˵պ⸽ˣҲ̫ܶá
˵ͷҲ֪Լ֮ǰЩΣˣܹҲþ˺ܶ취ȻһʹڸôΪ


359 ׷
ԭΪø׷ɱʲôأǿɶĶְ
һǿзУһ˼ʡ
û취ڵ棬һµġ
ʼ򣺡Ȼ֮ǰ͵ϮңҲ͸սȻĵˣǡڲǡ
šΪ޷вɡ֮
ǵģиǿĵˣǸŰ̵ļһǰû˵ɽƺҲһûУȻչֳص㣬˽ضҵĴСͷ
·֮ڸж֮ڸң֮һ㣿Ц
ˡһָоһܴľ֡Ҳ֪ЩĴЩʲôȻڷһ飬ҸоԼһУңеˣС
ʲôô۾
Ҳ֪βô룬Ҳ벻ס
̾ϢһڱĶ룬սѸԼʵҪģȻ۷壬⴦սҲǱȽĴˣȻЩûʲôӮġ
Ȼͷ֣Լһѻ졭
ǰǿгֵǸò㣬ֻɫĳſڱǿյʹʱ򣬷һԲץסܡ
ʹʹǽɫģ֤ʹ۷Ĵڡ
ܹܵʹ·ȫͬһģһ㣬Ҳ̫Զ
ͬʱоʹϢЩȣƺܹˡһϵؼԷݾѾ֮ˡ
գʹ죡ǿߴʹ֮һ
Ȼ֮ǰڵĴѩܻˣȻ˵ھҲܹȵѹס
˺ʹܼĲ࣬Ǽ޷ֲĺ蹵
ˣ㷽ԽսԱ߻һæҲΪԼпܻա
Ͼ֮£ǿĴ֮һ
տŷͼӴܵıӰüͷ
üΪԭ򣬶ΪǿУֳһѩӡ
ҲˣҲˣ۸㡭գɡ
ڿݺᣬȫʥޱı˳һҵĴս
ԶԶĿһۣȻҡҡͷ
սȻڵܹġѩǽпͻƵ𼶱ĸ֣Ҳʥǿʹ֮һǱȻѾ۷ˣɲడ
ٶȣӦòںһģӦܹܿľͻƵܾ硣ʡ
Ը⣬ھͻƵܾ硭ʲôأõ㹻ĸںǵҲǴĴڡ
̾һ˵֮ǰĽǿ߿ͨĻôһؽڣȫ޷ȡˣҪõ㹻Ļ֮󣬲Żӵá
ҪۣȴҪۡ
Ѿ˵۷壬ȴҲֻܲϵĻȥԼĻøãȻȴĻ㹻
ĺԸɶһ
Ҫɨͥ׶ˡ
ŷҪɱޱǿ
ʦҪɲġ
ԸǱȽԴɵģһ㣬ɢǻ϶ˣδͥսܹ㹻ľĻǲҲˡ
ŷĺԸͲ˵ˣǿҲǷԸҪǿʲôӣʲô񣿳ΪҲõȵʮ֮ѡΣǴɺԸ
ʦǸԸ͸ûˣͽܳɲģ³˵һ㣬ڽϵ츳൱ɫأҪΪ𣬲ܹǳʦʲôʱܹΪ
ͷ۰
ɽ緢սҲǷΪԼԸƶģҾУŻøӵǿ
飬ڵҲǼġ
÷û뵽ǣͷ۵飬ֶܿһ
㿪պʹѩ˵ս֮󣬷ͼ㣬һϡ
ȻսѾʥ磬Ȼ㰲
һ̵֣ͼµڷҪ̽һΧĻʱ򣬼ȴվԭأһ
ԴҲǺоˣͿǵҪıԵ
־棬൱зյģʱұδС
Ҳϥ˼ߣеĹעΧ
ͷڵʼԽԽŨ
ԼԼӰ˼֮ڡ
ͬʱݻһԼҲһһݻģȴͬʱݻ
⻯ʵǱִγɵģšʦʵϾ˷ͥ׳ɺͽͽִأʲôִ
֮ǰ㻯ģǸִޱҪΪȴ£ݻĸŷΪ˰ִɡ
Ϊ֪ҪǿҲǷԸ
Ҳ˵⻯ȫǻΪ˷ġ
أ
⻯ʱжԸӡ
еһıͺ顣
һ壬֮ǰΪǼִ
ڣûִͻΪ˶Է顣
ӷ
ֻҪãӡ
ĳŷ΢΢壬ӷУ顣
صԴǣÿȴŷĻ
ޱ˷һ֮󣬼Ѹٵ뿪׼صɽ磬һԸ⣬ȴҲֻ顣
ƾڴչ
в֪ʲôʱ򣬺ˮ
ɽ֮󣬴Ҷһͬܶû˭Բ˭˭˭˵
ΪɵţɵĹףױȵġ
ȻȴɿǷ˼㡣
ܶʱΪʵΪ˻ԴڲϵĴðգʵҲʲô˵ʵһĵزͷѾʲôˣֻгпܻ
ȻȴǷԼӣǷ˼㡣
۾ļ㣬ͻȻ۾Է΢΢һЦ
ûйֹ㡣
֪ѹжôĴ󡣡
ԣҪΪ˶ھʲô
û˵ĻȻȴ˼
żֱԼ۾
һ⻯ûݻ
ԽԽŨڵһֵ֮󣬿ʼһһɢȥ
¶ģװޱϵļ
ڴģƱҪȸʥƽǻϣңǻججģֻΪš
ɵЦ
ãԴû˾סսڼ䣬ԴʥȸƽȥԴǾס٣ǲѹǡ΢Ц
˿ȻĮȻĵ˵ͷ
ԶȥĹͼһЦ
׷ˡ
̾Ϣ
ڷȥһ˴½֮ԭһֱȼʵҪ͵ķͿʼ׵ĳ˼㣬ڣҲݻԼʬԪʵﵽ۷壬ٴκͷվͬһˮƽϡ
΢ЦڣڲǷˡ
üúܸˡ
ⳡս޵ҲܹٵĹˡô֣ʥ췭ظ˵ܼǾܣҲδ׷ǡЦ
û⡣΢΢һЦ
ͷսɽ顣


360 
ⳡսɽΪԼӣԼأս
ΪռȨɽⳡս̵˺ܴıˡ
ǹڲԴ˺ܶ򣬳ΪɽĲƲЩϷḻĿԴúܶɶССķһʡ
ȻսҲвٵ䣬ȻʧɽʧǼٵġ
ⳡάʮսĴʯΪв֮󣬲𽥵ͣ
ɽ㹻֮󣬻˳ķΧЩɽʵٶ˲٣ΧҲһ
Լʧȥ˶ʮ֮һ򡪡һǳµˣôµ򣬱ɽ˶ʮ֮һ⵽˼
Ȼǵĸò࣬ʥ磬ߴʹһûȥĶЩͼʹʹҲʵϲû٣ͷҲһ߶ûʧ١
Ȼӵײ˵ʮսʧ˰ɵأҲĵͼ֣˵Щ޺ʿʹٶҲ˸ȻôƽӶߣȴǴԪ
ķǣƽʥʥǣͬƽֻⷽԺһЩЩūʹƾģǲҪʲôƽЩƽĴڣֻͳεĶѡ
ɽӶ㹻˿ڣ㹻ǵĵײ㣬õ˼ķչ
Ȼڡϴ̺;ŵǹ̶ģϵҲ̫̫࣬Ȼµţȴڴս֮ð
Ϊ˺ɽµŵƣܶѾ㹻ļ壬ʼΪµţķḻɽ²
ɽɣҲԽΪ״ģǰſʼλǹ̶ģΪԴḻڷһʺƣܻþŵӣȻµļͣŵӣҲֻһʱ⡣
ս֮Ȼ۹͡
սеı֣Ҳ൱ãȻͼ㲢ûɽսȻŷ͸ŷ֮£Ҳɱ˲ٵʥʹ˷ľսУЩսɱʿҲ׷׵˳ĽϷ׷ͻƵ˵ʵֺ˵ʵû͵ôֻǴﵽ˹ΪѣԭĽǣкܶ඼ͻ˽ɵϣֱͻƵ˹ɣ
ɣս֮󣬽ΪʵϵţԴȫǡ
ڵɣ۷ĸ־ͼ㣬ʵ߸ϡϼ򣬹٣򣬱֮һϵţҪǿ󼸷֡
ڼһͳζŷḻǵָ֮£ʵͣ۷壬Ҳ޷ĵӱ㹻֣ʼ齨Լļ壬µŬ
ûô˵ģ诹Щɢɣ϶ɵʵɢ˺ĵӻһܹΪµŵĿܡ
ʮڣͼʥĺ󷽣ƽԴȻǹ㿪ɽţӡ
ʮڵƽмѡǧʵĵ㹻Դȥ£Щǽöܿ죬ʮʱ䣬Ƕɵˮ׼
ȻٵʵȻڼ˵ĵ֮£ȴȫûκε⡣
ԺˣɭֵǸ䣬ʮսʱһģһ۷ӣʮƷΪǸɣɵӵļ壬齨
һУսʼ֮󲻾þġ
һؼ֮󣬷ʹżڴλ
ⳡսУܵģЩʥͨƽ
Щ߸ϵʿٺ˽ܣΰʹ뿪ûǣûͳνײƽгãȻ
ʱ򣬼ͷˣǸƽǣǲӦţӦûøϣʥĳǿԻúܺãúڡ
ǲǵģҪ½õȻȴ÷ͼһ취ûС
ٵˣһ㡣
Ǳ˼Щ飬ƽʱãսʼʱ򣬽ȴǣƾǱа֣ôƽʱǵĹʲô壿
ڽΪƽ֮󣬷ϵɵĴӣǻϡ
λУ鰸
ҪԼЩԼʵǼԷ˵ĵһ仰
ĴڵΪǵıĴɾȻǿϾֻǸ˵֮£ΪЧһһѡ˲š
̫ڰ˰һǴͼƽģΪӵƵѡϵ

ڵɽ磬ĴڶŸԵ֮ǰֻͨµȡеţվҲνΪĴڲںһССеš
ǻ᲻ϵȥģʮʱ䣬Ǿһ壬һϵţٶȣɽʷٶȣԽǿ󣬾ԽҪվӵľ档
û㹻ʵʹѣûʸֻܹΪӹ
Ҫʼ׼ˣ׼չԼ
սõĻᡣ
˵˷ɽȻ͵սȻľȴչ档
˫ֶ໥ͷˣԴԴϵĴʥڲԴƽ
ԴҶţȴûȤȥЩƽΪɽ񣬱ãԷܵҲ졣
ŲҪȴҪ
ԴԴϵԴƽ񣬱͵ɵפڣȻ͵˶Դǡ
ڳǺڶԴϵɵǵĽڣԼԴ֮£ÿ£ɶƽѡǱĵӣṩõѵǡ
һһĵӱѵǵļ˶ڶԴţűǰ̫ӡ
Щ¼ĵӣޱȵĸлͼ㣬ҲΪҳϵĵӡ
ֵǿĵ֮£ɵĵڲϵĽţҲϵķֳһһСӣ˼ĳΡ
ڣʮս֮һСͼ壬Ѿˡ
ɽΪսл㹻洦Խѡµŵʱ䣬ΪһһΣÿפصļܹΪµŵһӵܹΪɽÿʮƵµţǵͲۡ΢Ц
ҲܹϾڱӻ֮ǰЩֻҪǴɽͽôÿӵµӣԲһСĿһ䡣
ɽսĺôǲμӾŵѡΣʮʱ䣬ʱλӿǼչԼǳ˾ţܹӵеȺµΪӹǾͶĸڣҲܹΪѣǸӹ
һӣĵ
˵ȱһɵġ
ҪΪܻԵǿУʵ̫ǿˡ
̫ڡ
ûһԱκ̫һȻԿ
ˣǱƳģɣҲǱƳġ


361 ǧ
ɺɽͬɳһĴССֻ൱۵һ
ȻʵϣǵǱȴ൱˵ġ
дһ壬ΪɽϾˣܶ඼ֻǸ壬ֻܹһһ
ɽ󲿷ֵɱصɵģҲЩԶʹڵɣĴСС
ĴһʼʹڵЩУӱģܶϴ̡ţĴ뿪ɵĵһһĽģУĴγԼǿɽ˷ڡں͵ҩϴ̵λȻ֮⣬϶ûĴϵ
Ƿڡں͵ҩڣҲԼ˵ϵõѣڵǷڣڵǽڣҩڵڣǲܹάԼĳȻλ
Ļгɳǣʵһȱݵġ
ɽѾƽܾˣȻϵĺ緢սȴСΧս֯ϣǵ֯ԽɽһƵϵ֧ţɽҲõķչǰ
ɺЩɣȴһ
˵֮ǰɺɱûκƵĻôڼ˷֮ⷽ棬;˲ɱơ
ͼɭͳ˶һӴ۹Ĵڡ
аˡĺɽ˺ˣƿѧԺһѧ
ӵųɫ֯ͽ㹻Դ£ڶ̶̵ʮڣ漣
һһµŵļ壬ӸֵܣģֻҪһֵӣǾܹѸٵĳɳ
ɣԼµȥ齨壬ȥȡΪµţǲȡһַεҪ뿪뿪ҪԴһ㣬ģԼȥ취ߵְµĵӰǾͿ˵쵼ˡ
ɽŻôɢɣЩɼɢɣѵͲԼȥŬ齨һ壬ȻȡΪµţԼҲһŵ
ǣһ飬̫鷳ˡ
쵼һɣһ壬ô׵顣
ŴϸҪԼȥûи̫֧ԮȻȥһңɢɡ
ɵͲһˡ
ÿӵʵǱƢԸ񣬼˽ǾİźãȻֲ㹻ԴȥĴͽټЩɢɳΪµӣе飬һ³̡
ټսɢǱŪʧȥ֮ǰȤȵأ漣
ڽʱɻɽţͽµŵᵽ㹻ĵԼ
㹻ɵµţȻм仹еţĻɵһˣٲǰֻǹ¼ҹˡ
ЩӶȥ֮ɵҲʼһһɽ˸
ȻɲκεȻҲһɲС
ŵѡλʮʱ䣬ʱҪľǣʮʱڣķչԼʱܹΪţôӵԼ£٣ܹļԡ
˾𣬾ͲȫĶˣĴ϶ֱǰˣ£ûмվֻƫĳһߡ
Ȼƫ̫һϵ̫ڿ϶ҪԸԼģȻ֪ʲôԭҲǺɽı䣿֤ˣ̫ڣǶͷ
ֻȥƫڡ
Ȼ϶ҪƫĳһôʵǿһЩȻܹȡĺô
ɵ壬ҪԱϴﵽŵʵǲܵˡ
̾Ϣ
ŵȻ̫࣬ҲԲ١
öǣһ۷ˣﵽܼĸ֣۷ĸϰ٣˼ĸǧ򡪡ȻŵĺĵҲôˣǸǾӢ
أ۷ľͷͼ߸Ͻ˵ˮ׼ɼٸɼ⻹սĸõĴԴʹƽ񣬺Чĳʵɵĸ
Ȼ¾ûĺˣܹ˵ﵽһٸѾǼˡ
ʵĴűȻž޴Ĳࡣ
ԣǸҪŵĸ
˹Цˮ׼ĻôǳΪŵĿԣʹ˺ܶˡ
˷ۡ
𡭡Ϊô׵ģ
ɽƣ֮ף˾Ҳһ
Ȼǧٸţŵһɱʱܹһ𣬿ǱϾ
ߣСǧУͶ֮䣬лǿգݺ
սĴУ𶼲ܹ֣Ϊ֮չĻп޷ֲʧ
ǰս𼶱ĸֽ֣սʵ϶ƬǿС
ǺƬǿصģ߲εսϣȻĻǿ棬ͽڡ
СǧԿֲĶԿѾԶԶĳ˴ܼĸֵ
еĴܼ޷ɱһֻҪСǧĴܣֻǷˡ
ŵɱųܹԸһ𣬿ҲֻǿסԷѣɽ粻ӵнǧٸɱҪ𼶱ǸĻҲֻӻԼĹ̡
ĳ̶ֳ˵˵ĻûдܹΪĻôõһŵǺ׵顣
Ϊʲôս֮󣬾ûκһµľųˣ
ǾΪɽûвκһµ
ȫɾսʼ֮ǰһͨݣΪĴڡ
֮µ֡
Ϊ۷ѾʮʱˣʮʵûǿڲϵĻۡ
ڻۣҲڻۡ
ĺԸޱǿĺԸܹɵĻʵõҲڴܼУûܹôǿ󣬿Ǻ𾳽ž޴ĺ蹵
ɽĴ۷壬ûʮҲакܶ඼£ȴݻСǧ磬ž޴Ĳࡣ
ðɣŬķ򡭡̾һ֮
ţҿɲǿЦ
ȴϷʵı飬ǳĵ֪Ϊ𣬼ǲܵ飬㣬ȴһ
Ҳ֪ݻСǧʲôӵģֻֻһʿʱ򣬾ӵ鶴磬ѵ˴۷֮鶴죬һöû𣿡
Ļ˵۾
鶴ȫɾĿռ䣬ɴ½ϵʮȻ棬Ҳû鶴ܹԼɳܹʿЯģƺһ󵨵趨Ǿ鶴죬ʵϾȫɾĴǧ磡
˵Ļۡ
Сǧ硣
Ŵǧ硣
ɾҲǴǧ磬ֻĴǧӵĹӵ档
鶴ȫɾĴǧĻ
Ŀԣ˶ʼ˷
¶һ˿Цݣеɸ߲ǣһ˿οһ˿
죬˳˼


362 ͬŬ
ʦµȷȷⶼҵһԡ
ĵ֮ǰҪͻƵ۷壬пǲ㴰ֽ
λ߲׷׵ͷĻûдﵽǸʱû֪Сǧʹǧ磬Ǹʲôӵġ
ڽʱҪˡ
˸ɵ飬Ͱλϣѵĵӣǵøӵǿ󡣻У˵СӻкβҲܹĳеųʦ˰ɣϵţȫܹǻ
ûǿ˵кͺβڽµŵʱʱһˣ˴ԴĻҲûôʽĳΪµš
ȻѾΪϵţȻǸʱǵõ˿˵кͺβİĻҲûôһ졣
нֺ˷׷׵ͷҲ飬ֻǰɳֻһеţʸȥͬеˣҲɽĹء
ڣս֮۹ͣѾΪϵţеˣҲ˳µöࡣ
˵кͺβɣڣҪǻøõ
ϾڵɣеƿҪöˡ
ҾͷĵöˣһҪȥδ֪ǿȡԼĻ۸һЩ΢Ц
ΣաЩĵĵ
ΣյĻҲûѸٵԼʵЦˣǶԴʥ磬Ҳûô컯⻯
ƲƲ죬˵ˡ
Ҳ˹ؼʱ̣пڶʱͻƵܾĻ϶Ҫŷ뿪ġ
ȻڣѾ㹻ʥƽӷѾĺͷһʮ꣬ŷҲڱ˵ǿ󡭡Ļһʱ֮ڣܹɸԵĺԸҲܹŴܾ̤ؼһ
ȴЩͺˡ
ⲢΪŬΪʱµĺԸȼķµĺԸҪöࡣ
ɨɽ׶˵ŬУȻʮѾˣȻΪ;սüȥڻûʲôɢ۸鷢ҲõȵǹԲ
ŷҲһɵǿҲҪʱ顣
ͬʱΪ֮ǰԴǱϮŷĳ֣ŷűɵԸҪһʱ䣬ǹԲ
ʦǾ͸ˣͳ³ʲôʱĳʦأ
ľͣʱ䣬Ǻܶġ
ڴɺԸʱҪʱԽ࣬ôܹ۵ĶҲԽࡣ
ʱͻƵܾ磬ҲԽǿ
ɽǴ֮䣬Ҳǿ
紵ѩܣܹһʥǿ߸ʹ֮һգΪĻ㹻
ѩܵһԸս½֡
ҲҿڽڣȻĽԸķ֣ϵսǧ꣬ս˼е֪ͣڹԲ֮󣬹һôѩܳɽǿĴ۷֮һ
۷徳磬۵ĶԽ࣬ڴܾܹսͻԽǿ
һ
ںԼķȷʵܹΪܼˣǶһʷܡñӣҲûʲô˼ǡ
ڷʵ൱ģⳡսŷ˸Ļۡ
ŷɹԵأͥƴɱһУǻ㹻Ļۡ
ǲ֪ʦʮڣЩʲô
ԼҲҪĻۣܹںϵһٵʱŸĵ
ŬںˣȻҲԼҲһǳ顣
ɵĸ߲ǿʼȻӦŵʮʱмǱģǱѾ˼޵ģʼĹĵӡ
Դϱͼʥȳƽʮ֮࣬ÿ춼ĺӳڵԴڻȫһ˼ĲѡųɫʵĺӣȻǷɿ
ЩڶԴϳ󣬶ɵҳϣضӹɵġ
ûĸŻַʽĵӣȴˣɵܴ֮ɵĽ޵ķչԡ
֮ǰɵӵݬ룬󲿷ֶƽǣܶΪɾѾﵽһޣȻЩɵĺĵǷɢȥ֮ǽԴԴϵ˲š
ʵϾںϴڹȥʱ߹ĵ·ֻߵø죬øѡ
ȻܹŵļĻǽɽӵиԴôҲܹ͵øӵǿ
ϵԼȵģֻеѡЩʲĵӳѵȴûⷽĹǣһûƽֻҪȷһʣǾͻᾡȫȥǡ
֮£ɵ˵ᱻĵ
ȻҪģǵÿܹ۵ʲôزܹʲôʵ
Ҫ˫ͬŬ
ǰδ֪ǿգɵˣʵһһǿɵĵ̡
׼δ֪ǿյʱδ֪ǿյʦ˫ָ󣬿ų³ǿ֮УԼгԿһͷɼǿվޡ
³ʱʣѾȫչ¶˳
ˣͬһĳһ㣬ɢű˵ơ
ʹĽǾ쳣
Ȼ˿չֳǽ۷壬͹ɼźܴĲ࣬гĻͷɼǿվȻϵŭȴ޷³ϲϳµ˺ۡ
³ÿһĴ̳ǿվ޷Ӧ¶һ˺ۣǿվ޵Ѫϵǿ֮УʼԽ
ڣռ˾֮󣬳³һһֱеĳڿշڿлһĻߣȻǿվ޵ĲӣɿһȦ
ǿվ޵ͷ­ֿӴ鴤һ֮Ȼ£ʹȥ
³һ
ʦ΢Цĵ˵ͷڻͷǿվޣ֤սһˡȥɣȥĥĽͨһʱ򣬾֤ʵѾӽΪʦʱ򣬾ʦʱ򣡡
³˵ͷǲϲ˵𳤽֮󣬾ʦͷ֮С
ڿһֻŨ浴ԼһƵ
³üͷƺܲϲȥϥڵķ빰˹֡
۾
˿ȣҲ˷ǳı仯ޱȵĳȣޱȵϣ˫̫֮ͫѸٵת
ͷһ仨֣Ե֤Ѿ˹ɾ磬ǹƷʵ
Ȼ³һԼ츳׷˷룬Ȼڷȴ֮£ѹ˳³һͷ
ʦˡ
ЦģܹԼʵ³ԵúܿˣҪϵսܹԼʵ
һһȻͬĵҪ̳ȷʵ׵飬ѹʦʱһֱδ֪ǿðգѰЩʵȳ³߳һǿվ³ͬʱñ³ҲǺķ˿ġ
֪һĻοġЩҪĻǲʹࡣ


363 ҵĵ
ڳʱ򣬷ƭ˼㡣
Ϊȥδ֪ǿδ֪ǿȻգȻʵϣֻҪСһ㣬ЩԼǿǿվΧסͲ̫⡣
δ֪ǿޱ޼ʣ㱻Լǿĵ׷ɱֻҪٶƣͻϲء
Էı£Ȼž޴ĵġ
ں˸Һյ֮󣬷ٶ죬ͬʱɴδռʵռ֮䣬ֻҪǸ𼶱ĸֳ֣ҪܷѣҪɱȴޱѵ顣
ԶԷҪȥδ֪ǿҲûзԡ
Ȼʵأ
Ҫȥĵطδ֪ǿա
ͷ֮䣬ϵܣȻôһ˿ϵġ
ڳδ֪ǿյʱ򣬷֪ͨԼԮһٳŰ̵Χ׷½ء
ڵĵطҲһ˿
ŷԴǣ̻ӡ
ɽʹְȨ
ʦδ֪ǿڣͽܡ
ǸԵĻۡ
ĻۣЩطѾ㹻ĻۣҪȫµĻۡ
Դ֮صĽ֮ڣֻۡ
ºܴȻֵ÷۵ĵطȴǺܶࡣ
һĵطʥ硣
ȻȥɱķġȻ롣
ȻȻڸոյսУʥܵ𺦺ܴȻԪȴûʧȥ˿𣬲ģֻǶԵĿѡ
˷ǱĻᡣ
ɽʶȻͨڵȴûмʶ
㽲һЩʥĹ֮ʼʥȤ
Ҫ˽һطҪһʱ䡣
ڷɴ½˴½˽⵽˺ܶĶͨƽȰʵõ˼
ɽ֮󣬶ɽƽİҲͬʵ
ڲ֪ԼġʲôȻУҪõģ˵Ĵ
Щ˵ȰǰԴͷ
ڵĵ죬׷ޡ
ڵĵоķ򵽼޵ĵ
ڵĵΪնһУޡ
̫ڵĵأ־Ϊ̫ϡ
ڵĵԷء

кܶɣԼĵ
ĵʲô
֮ǰΪǰݡ
ȻݣôҪ˽˵ĸܣѰҳһʺ˵ĵ·
ûȴǰ
ʲôдĿˣȻ׷ѰһЩʲôĻҲ̫ġ
Ҫȥʥ磬˽ʥƽ
Ǳʥ硣
δռͻ룬Ȼĳһ
ƽʱûôһ㣬ȻڴսոսʥĴҪǱ룬Ҳ׵öࡣ
ʥ֮󣬷һŲ۵ˡ
òһЩСı仯ӸһЩ۾һЩɫʼЩһͷڷҲ˽ɫͷ
ʥƽе
ǣҽ½ʡıԵشһС
Сһ֣ܺ
Сֻһǧ໧ҲһЩɽ֣ڽõģҲһЩɢɽ֣ƽȥ档
֮ǰսУȻɽ罫ս𼸺յʥϣҲ⣬Ȼ̫СˣԲûб
ϵĽҲûдݻ٣Ϊսԭ򣬽ʵٺʿˣڻڽģֻмû񸸡
˵սڽء
ǰʿǽɽЩһﶼˣ˵úܲңܶ߹ʿսɥˡ
һƤһԹķϲļţǣС쵰仯ɵһ̷ǵ졣
ЩԻ¶һ˿΢Ц
ЩܱΪʵ̫СʥҲûʲôͦʺԼסġ
ڷݣһԻ
ɽڴ˺ܶԻΪĳЩԭ߳ɽ֣ϰҡ
С٣ǻһЩӵģȻÿ춼ܿһЩԱȽϵļ۸۵ʱ򣬷ͳСܻӭˡ
ңʲôջ𣿡
ƿһưɵŵʱľƿ߰
ջ̫ãһƺأ
һС쵰ͷȻЦԽֻֻҰãһֻҰҰͭӣҰͭӣ˭Ҫ
ҪҪ
ƿͷ׷׵ĹȻһѹסˡ
ʲôԺ󶼲Ⱦƣ
ƹڲתһֵĴ裺ҵҰҵģ
ɺ裬ɲԣΪʲôҴҰﶼģһԲũĺ
ǻ𣿵ЩһԣٽСĽûķݣ
ɺ׳ţĺ
ƹǶԹԵıͣ˭ֻôһƹݣ벻ҪڼЩմӵʳֻеƹ
ӹɺݹ߸ͭӣϸһ飬ȻԼĻ
ңҲ̫Сˣ⼸ͭӣʲôģһӵľƿͺ
Сһϣ壬СĲаЩӶôӣôţ
ƿǷ׷׵ĺЦǰɽһҰԻﰲҲ׵
뷨þƿĪԺȻСҲǱ˷ܶĿ갡
ңͶ˵Ǯ͵øЩӶȥðգȻһͷȮһֺüֻҪɱһͷһ׵ħޣڽﻻһöңϼöң͹Ƿӵˣ
Ҫȥ
һơƣһ֮ŵҵСܰɣһöͭңɱٸӿɱɱһͷħ׵öˣ
ϧСӿҲ˸ģôͲһӺϣ̾Ϣ˵
ЦеĺơƣҲ˵ʲô
Ѿһµʱˣһе֪һ൱ɽջȴƢܺãҲСԻ
ֻЩù
ǰȻҲùȫܻܵõϣȻܶǿħޣȻϱϾһá
ȻСãȴҲǿʿһǿأڣЩħޣַܹӡ
ϵӶᣬҲðյӶȥɱħʣϣǺܰȫġ
Ȼսˡ
ʥ缸ǵеȥԿɽĽǿǹɡ˺ʹܵսȻ嵽ϣʿ١ʿ̺ʥʿڵֵɽеźµŵĽġ
ԾһСϵʿҲˣЩŲʵӶҲʱ飬ȥֿɽĹ
£ʧȥ˱ӻǣͿʼԽЩԽԽŵħ޵ɧš
ڷⴿʥֶΡ֮ǰǲûϵħ޶ɵƽǻðһЩΪһֱоµĶԼʿܹһ־̬ӻƽƽ뿪õıӻǶħ޵̬ȣӵء
ڣһӵ٣ħǾܹвӡ
û˱ӣ⵽֮
ʵÿڵĵ⡣
İȫãϾõʥӳֻڣħ޲ҽȻ뿪ӵķΧ⵽ħ޵Ϯ
ҲΪʲôҰζôܻӭԭ򡪡ֻܳЩɵҪⶼԲϡ
ÿܹʱʱĴҰζķܹôܻӭҲǿˡ


364 ү
ɺ轫Ū˵һ̵Ұ⡢Ұʱƹ﷢һ
еһ̣˷ǰһȾͿеһƬ塣
ҿаҰȻĻȻʥӻȴҲⶼԲŶ
ǰսˣʿ˺ٴôӾô󣬳Ҳޣȥǳʲô
˵⣬еľƿͶʼ̾
򲢲֮ǰԡȻҪãﶼȥڹǼˣȻĳȫϾͿһЩأٺãҲ˶Ա͸˵Ժá
ֻҲûʲô취Ͼʱȥӣħ޵ĻǧˣŻһͷһħġ
һߺžƣһЦе˰̾
ͨ˵ϲŭ֣Ǻܾûвˡ
ʵϣǷʥıѾֻܱסˣǷЩħޣ򣬿Ѿǡ
ʥôʱٳܹĽᶨ
һ߳Ժȣһ˼š
Ҫ˽ʥ磬Ҫ˽ʥĶ
Ǿ
ʥͷһĶ
ʥ磬Խ࣬ʥͳߡʥԽǿ
۷ʱڣʥӵűڹһӵŵʹͽ
ʱʥǿĴڣǷķ񣬶ԶԶʥĶ֡
ȻʥҪɱǲףǻǣȴǺ׵顣
ɽ磬ʱڵε綼Ҫ
Ȼɽˡ
ɽڣҲɾеĸðճ֣һΣסʥ
ǴսĴɾӽս
Ƿǧ򻯵ķޱǿʽϴﵽ˼޵Ľǿȡһ־̫ǶʥĶ֡
ޱǿݻһе
ȻǼþ˸ֶΣʥסһꡣ
һʱȫɾɽĸ֣ԡѪսʥĸ֣ʥӽһ˹ȥĿͽͬһͬӡжǺʥ֮ϵ
ʥʼ
Ĵɾֵ֮£֮Ķò䣬ձĴɾֻܡ
ʥӴɥʧԼһ뽮ҪǣɥʧȵһȺͽ
ɽ粢û¾Щͽǽͬһͬӡ
˼ǣͽͨˡ
ͽΪʿ٣Ǹ߼ʹ֮Ǿʧȥֿȵֻͨ࣬ӵ
ЩʥҪĿͽʱ֮һЩҲΪɽĲƲ
ӴʥȻĴڣȴҲ޷֮ǰӵžԵʵơ
ֱɽôһΣʥٶԪˡ
Ȼʥԣȴһûᡣ
ֻڼ˾£Żżǿҵ
֮ʥĹԾԮǣǳΪʵĿͽ
ʥҪ顣
֮ǰ޷ģΪʥ磬ǳս֮һֱܺƽʥøֶ´ôĿͽҲᱻޱȾɽ綢޷
ڣĻᣬȴɽֶġ
һǰ˽ò࣬ȴƶϳ
ںʥǿʲôĳ̶ȣɽܹʥһΣǾܹܵڶΡ
οҪʥ֮ӵôǿʵҪĿͽɲһСĿ
ڼƵĿͽܹﵽĿꡣ
οĴɾǰսʱ˲٣ȵѹʥ
ֻһеģٴ飬Ҳ޷档
һսܹġ
ơƣ׼뿪ʱҵĽŲͻȻ
ƹݵűƿˡ
һģżٷ˳ſڡ
Լıӣľƿ͡
ƿȴͬΪ򳤵Ĺܼҡ
򳤣үҲ˽֮⣬
λܼұˣҳϵˡ
Щˡûʿ˹ܼҼе
ƿ
Ҷû˹ܼϵıӵˡ
Ҹ˵ΰĿү˽֮ǰû뿪ļӶһϽʣµߵħһѵǿүʴȣǾͲӦñʾһЩʲô𣿡
˹ܼң𣿡ʡ
Ȼˣү˽ѾˣʣµԤʿԤҲ׼ˣôм٣˹ֵܼĵ
̫ˣүһ¡
˵⻰֣ڱ˹ܼҵȥ
үȻǺʴȵģ˽ǳ֣ǾͲӦñʾһЩʲô𣿽ҲͬˣÿһңΪʿǵı꣬ǿΪǣø߹ʿȥսģ
˹ܼңҲ֪ǱΧ࣬ÿҳԷﻹһҿͣ˽
ǲУȺÿ컹ǮȾƣǮȾƣûǮ𣿡˹ܼҺһ
ƿǶˣɺվ˳Ȼһ˱ˤ˱˹ܼǰ
Ƕǹ˵ġɺ
Ǯ˰ɣˣȺˡ˹ܼЦ
ΪôʣҲûǮˡɺ̯̯֣һĵ
ҲܣҪôǮҪôˣ˹ܼ¶׺ݵı飺ʮʮ׳ˣʿүҪȥ·֮ǰûʮ˵ĻүͻͽõǶ뿪Ⱥ֪жļһȫΪħ޿еʳ
˵仰˹ܼҾת뿪ˣ뿪ʱ򣬾ƿǿŵʮݵ˽
ΪʲôҪȥ·ǵڻ𣿡˴ıԹ
򳤺ͽöôأ
ܹҲǧҴ󲿷ֶ棬Ҫ˵ǿ׳һĺӣҲȺھƹ켣ľƿˣҪճʮ긻ǿĺӳҲ治ô׵һء
أǲȥˣƽʱǹЩүڲӦǳʱ𣿡˴ĺ
û˵ǲȥĻôǾͻֱ뿪Ļӣᱻٵǵĵ
ƹ˳Ĭ
Щүܵȴܲˣǵĸӵˣǵˡ
ȥ
ϣվһ׳ˣϵܶũ߶ĳħΧס֮ũߣҲû֮أֻȾơ
ﻹвٵũߣͷʲôģҲǱϣ
վ˳Ȼͻ˸档
ģƹЩƽʱΪĺúվ˳
екеũеԻһЩȽϤˡ
ȥֻʮŸ
Ͼֺеģжˣ˶ʵͽģһṳ̂ģҪЩһȥħսҲ̫һЩ
ǻȥңûʺϵˡϣֵ
ʱ򣬽һ
˰ɣһЦЦĵ
һʱ֮䣬˵񣬶ˡϡ


365 
ޣҪȥǾ̫ˣ
ɺ辪ϲĵÿ춼ӴԣЩһҪöˡ
ǰң㲻ǡ
ϣ˵һֱȥɱħȥǮΪʲô֡
һ˵ȻȥЩʿүڣҲҪȥƴɣ
ЦҪֻѰħ޵ټȻʿүȥɵǵĻҵŵ
˵ûϾÿ춼תƵģⷽǿҪˣ˴
ϣҲǸˣ͵ôңʱǶģ
ҲĺôһֵģܱԼȥҪá
Цеĵ˵ͷȻԼϵԹͲΪ׼һˣѹ͹ˡ
ڶ죬үм伯еװʱٵʮҲ˹
үͷ˽ֻ࣬ʮˣүܵһЩʹʵ׼ģҲֻжʮ˶ѡ
ʮװÿ˶һףϿؽ磬ȥһҲݣƺһ־նһͷħһ㡣
ȻԤʿǱֲԶˡ
ŸߴףϵʿףȫԼͣṩ㹻ķͬʱҲûʿʧȥ
ԤʿֳֶܣֳŸֱؽģųìģҲе
ԤûһٵĲϣɫĳۣɢŷ
ʿ٣Ѿһ൱ˣϣ޷ҲʿٶѣʽģȴҲܹѹΧħ޲
߸ȻֻԤģȴҲŲʵȱģֻǾѡ
ʵפʥάֻΰģЩԤʿ١
ʿսʧأҪ½ҪЩԤʿչʵǵĹС
Ϊ׵һʿű˹ܼңһ˿Ϊʲôֻжʮ˽ʮ˽𣿡
˹ܼҴ˿̵ֻʣģʿˣүµ˽֮ǰħ޵Ϯڻֻܶʣʮѽ治иģҲʮ׳үأ
ʿ˱˹ܼһۣȻ֪Է˵нʥıӻµ˽ϧúݣôûܳȥħƴ
Ҳ֪һСĹ壬ҲԤе顣
һʿԼӵġ
ȻֻԤ۵ʿԲûԼӣŻ˽ԼӣڼȻҲϵ׳Ҳһ
ʿû˽սħޱЩûʥӳֵͨ˽ٶ࣬Ҳħ޴ġ
˽棬ֻΪǰʡѡ
ôأʿ쵭ʡ
ǾͿˡѾˣ
ʱʮѾ߰ĳǰ
ʿüͷ
ⶼЩʲôˣ
ҲˣеųͷеǣһһȺҪȥոũһҪȥʲô
ǡʿҲЩˡ
ʿˣȥսġϣش
֣˭ȥսˣ˭˵ģʿ챬ˡ
ʮֻͬʱָ˱˹ܼҡ
˹ܼҵĺˣȺʲôʱ˵ˣ
ھƹ˵Ҫȥ·ġ˻ش
ʿתͷ˱˹ܼһۣŻ飬תͷǣȥսġҪӣ˿ħ󲻵ǿսֻȥԣͷЩɣֻҪǳѡ
⻰һ˵һϲüҡ
ȥ̣Ǿ̫ˣҲţ
һ󻶺Ȼתܡ
ǣĶȥ˹ܼҴ
ϣһһ߻ͷЩũ߿ɶҵİȻ̣ܲӵҪŻȥģ
ʿǿһĻͬʱ̾Ϣ
ʱΨһûܻȥũߵķԵúˡ
˹ܼһӻûط֮ͺʲôˣ
ǰң˹ܼңǰҴһͷҰȥϣתүءЦŻش
ʮ˽Ϳ˱˹ܼң˹ܼҺˣʲôҰҿûϵ㣬ҲھƹǵһҪΪʿЧ͵ء
ŶǾҼǴˣǵģ˹ܼңļܺãǰңˡ΢Ц
ʿ쿴˷ˣϤ𣿡
˵ġ
Χ۵ɺʱ䣬ֻаҸҳӴأҪǾƹˡ
Ҳ׷׵ĵͷΪ֤
ʿ˼֡
ȺԤ۵ʿ˵ǵʵӹɵģϾŴͳѧϰ;Ȼھϣȴǲ۲۵Ĳ
٣һֱѧԺʿҲֻʿѧУѧϰսʽһ֪
һûԵ˴·ĻôҲҵħ޵ϣͻ˼֡
һСӣħ޲̫࣬ؼҪҵǣɱͷ帽ħޣǲܹĳȥʲôġ
Ȼ򵼰ɣҵħޣҵһͷһöҵĽ͡ʿ
˹ܼ۵ĺһЩͣɶҪӿүġ
Ǿ̫лĿˣﶨӣûǮءϲĻش
ʿֵЦ˵ֻڵһͶѡ
仰䣬Ѿ׷׵ĸ˻
˽ǽֳӣÿ˶һ󳵣ϷŵģʿǵıͿס
ʿıͿ׶ǳĳأʵˣҲûбҪ˷˵ʱֻҪһԼصĿͻԼϣʱսʿܹӳԼ
ҪӣƽʱͿ׺ͱʿܹʡÿһҪǣսʡÿһ
۵󳵣ǿ׳ʿǲͬǿľȴ壬ƽʱжʱ򣬶ٵıҲ쳣Ҫġ
ʿǰʿ࣬һʿںΧڵǺ棬󳵣ѷʿǵĿ׺ͱϣЩڷŴ󳵣ǰٶȡ
ʮ˽ֵںѹ
ǰ·
һ֧飬򣬴еϣ
ֻҪܹնɱͷħޣȻǵѪҺΧŵϢħȻ֪ǿػǰɧš
ϣƽۼĵص֮⣬źܶĻɽҰ룬ЩɽħŰĳ
ħȻûʲôǣȴҲụ̋ܵǿڵĵطǵȻ
֮ǰ޼ɵΪΧѾûħ֮ϢѣǱܵľãΧǿԻĵط
ڣ֧ҪȥЩħǣǿĴڱ
ǰ·˿ѾԼȫ鶴֮ڣʹ·ǰҲ޷ʵ
ȴܹо⼸Ԥʿ٣ʿٱһʵ࣬˵һʿܹһɶԿĻô⼸Ԥʿ޷Ǿӵзɴ½ϾƷʿѡ
ʥħޡȻѶʿʲôвȴҲ൱ǿ
γ»һЩΣյġ


366 ս
ǰ·
⣬ȷʵϤ
ȻԼȫʵ˿̷ӵеֻһͨˣȻʶȴܹϵĶ
ʥĸǷֲ˵ģӵеȫͬ
ԺչֳΧĻ
ʮգɽ֣һͷ׵ħϢ
ʥ磬ħֻΪףһģֻͳڵʿʵ࣬׾ͼܺ;ƷʿԿˣ׵ġֻʿܹԸ
ǿħޣȻûеģʥ˵ʿҲ̫׵飬ħܹɱʿĻҲ̫ΣһЩ
һ·װģıŵ·ϵĺۼĽͷħķΧڡ
ʮ·˶ʼϢˣʿ治ɫ֮⣬Ѿ۵òˡ
֮ǰֵĶʮ˽Ҳܲסϵİ׵һͽп࣬ȻҲҽԼĿ׺ͱڴϡǿûʿܹ˲ÿ׺ͱصԼϵ
ţͻȻüͷͣȻʶһ¡
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Ȼһ䣺ħޡ
ԭѾʼ˽Ƿһ˽ЦԺСֵģʲôޣҵؽǰͷè㣡
С쵰ʼĽ
Ȼ˽ؽʱ·ԵڣͻȻһɹַ硣
һͷýıӣĴ˳Ȼ˶ûӦʱ˵˽
ǿ˽ӦûУͱƷڵأͷҲŴͣҪʺҧȥ
ʿĮĿһУûг֡
Щ˽Ҳܲ
˽Ҫ֣Ȼִټ䣬ȫ֪Ӧô
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Ź׼ȷһӱӵĲ˽ȥһͻ
ǿӵĲԱߴƫһƫðĴѪ˽һͷһ
ΪԼѪ˽۾һף˹ȥ
С쵰仯Ȯһĳ˽ȥ΢΢鴤ı˿˹ȥӱӲϣԼļ
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ȻԷڴϡʿЦ
ɵúðң
ֻǲиƤֵðأ
ϧҪ׼һ㣬ӱӶȥĻǾһƤˣֵһң
ιȥ˽ͬľȻ֮˹ڨڨĶԷлһ䣬˻ȥ
ȷʵ̫ˣ⻹ħޣֻͨҰޣͲһ˽֮ǰֵ˽ôܾӣ
ʿüͷȻҿǻǻȥɣѾ˰Ƴˡ
˽㿴ңҿ㣬ɫЩס
ڳӿһξˣղȷʵûħޣ˭֪ǲЩħ֪ʿڣŲģҪǵȥ·ħϮô죿
һĭ֮һ˽ĵǿү˽ȻЭλʿˣȻǰ뿪
΢΢ЦЦȺҪǾû취ˣ˻ȥӦûʲôΣյģϾһֻħ޾ǰ治Զĵط
ʿ٣סЩͲˣЩ˽ҪǻôܵĻ³ܲҰɡ
ǰŷѱӷһϣ飬ǰ
кۼ
ͷϸĹ۲ŵ棬ȻתͷʿĽӡۼһҰûصķģ⸽϶ħޡʲôģҾжϲˡ
ʿ˵ͷԷı֣ǺģȻ֪ħޣôͺðˡ
ʿͬʱХһԭѻڴϵĿ׷׷׷Ȼʿǵϣ˲ȫװ
ƿ˳ţվʿȦ֮ڡ
񸸱۾ʼ
ǿҵʥ⣬ɢ˳
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ǿҵʥ⿪ʼᶨģǰƬ˹ȥ
Ȼ޷ס̫ķΧȻȻ˵ͻħޣôַȴ׵ġ
ȻǿҵʥסǰһƬɭֵʱһ޴ɭ
Ȼħ޵Ĵڣ
һʿ
ʿ͵ķļ򣺡ɵòңĹͣȥ֮һϱ͢ġ
˽ǿʼĽŷ͢ͳʥмÿϣһ½ϣһ͢ͳΣ͢кһʥʿһԼ͵ɽһеš
һܹͨ¹ͱ֪͢Ҳζһ죬п̴ܱʥӶƽײ㣬Ϊһλΰʿ
Ҫ֪Щ˽ȻڹĲ£ƽҲܹҫǺκһʿһָͷȲϣ
Ļ֮󣬷ֻɵŴЦܿĵӡ
ʱһͷɫǣ˳
ħޣȥˣס
ʿħ޻ϺÿԤʿʵ࣬ȥǱȽʺϵ
ʿȥһֳؽһֳ־޸ʿںܺõı١
ͷħżÿһצӳΧľ۶ϣƾˡ
ʿйоصսضܵԷӳצȻûеıԷصĴóǲû̫ľ飬Ȼʵȴ൱ˡ
ʵ֣ܿڶԷػ֮£ħˣ޸ʿĸͷħǵԴʱħǾ͵ȥ
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Ȼ˽Ƿ׷˹ȥĽħǵʬ̧ȻһŵĴϡ󳵵ãװħ޵ʬ壬ڻص֮ħ޷ѪΧħޡ
ħ޵ʬ壬ύã⽫ÿڽ͢͵
ʥҪ½ôЩԤʿ˵ħ޵ʬ֤ԼʵǾܹΪʽʿ١
սݣʿǵ鿪ʼúתϼȦɱϼͷħޣҲͲˡ
һֱڿһУ֪ȺʿܿҪ鷳ˡ
Ϊ̫ʱûΧħޣħʵѾﵽһ൱ĳ̶ȣҪΪ֮ǰĮӣ
֮ǰûսʱ򣬻ɱһͷħޣΧҲһ㲻бħϹڡȴһˡ
ʿ׼ʼϢʱ򣬷üͷȻſ˵ϣ
ôˣңʿЦ
ܹ˳ɱͷħޣѰҵħ޵ټһܹؼأҲʿ쿪ʼԷ࿴
á˺ܼĽŲúÿ죡ħޣҿ϶ֹһֻ
վһ̵Ľ
ĻʿǺǣɫͬʱ
ĻĽҰ⣬⵽˴ħϮĻ±˵ЩͨˣЩʿǣҲ޷ѣ


367 ؼ
ѴƹԲ˽Բ󣡡
Ϊ׵ʿĽǴħ޵ĻҲǶ׵ħޣȻضٵһħޣ˵кܶͨҰҲ뵽Ϯ
ħ޵ʮͷʿٵϵû̫⣬Ȼһħ޺ͨҰ̫ĻûЩ˽ġ
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ٴһᣬ϶ĵϰͷжħޣ
ʿ˵ͷ֣ġϰͷħ޾ۼһеľ󲿷֣ӦͨҰޡ
Բ汣ʿԷ
ӦһݵԲڡ
һʿƿһϵķ¶˳װŵʮ֧ì
һһ֧Ұ޻ħ˹ͱˡ
ЩʿȻûʲôս飬Ȼ׼ĻǲģЩìܹҲװڽĽӴгһ
صĳìҲǴһݰȫС
ٿʼһ͵ʥ⳯ɢסԲҲ˽Ǳ档
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һ֮ٵɫʼԵúƣ룬ݸ˷ȻĹܹŪЩһħˣԶɵЩһɡ
˽¶Ľɫټӳֵıڷ˵ǿɶʥܹһħ޵Ĺ׹ȥһӶҲܹɾһ
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˽ʼֹҲڱôħΧţĹڳΨһԶȻõʿǵ
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ܼĽŲԽԽܿģ·ߵðҰޣ
ħޡʮһħޣĶͨҰޣá
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ʱͷ͸Ӿ޴ħͣǰĲħ޺Ұ޳Բĳ˹
ˡ
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ʱ򣬷ˡ
ʥӳֹԹð˵ɫ壬һӼϻŷɿ֣ɿ˳ȥ
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˽ǻеؽħ޵ͷⷽ棬ǻǱǸɫһЩ
ֵֻ֧סʿǾͷģͬʱֽͷһħ޿֮ʿХʿͬʱԽʮɵľ룬ֱӾԾħ޵ǰ
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ɢʥԽŨңͬճҺһ㣬ħȥͻᱻճסȻԽԽ˳ֵ˽ǻɱ
ֻҲǴ˼ӴѹǵɫԽԽ԰ףͷųʥ⣬Ҳû֮ǰôȶ
ڲϵٶȲ죬ȻֻҪһܹɱһͷħޡ
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ļһ֧һ֧еħ޶صʱ˽ǲ̱˵ϣĴϢ
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Щûʲôսʿ˵һν֣Ǿ޴ĲƸ
һûɥģֻںڵĻսУм˽ҰҧˣҲûʲô󰭡
ȻȻ֣ͷԽеĶħ޵ĻսУģȻǷ
һͷħޣʮһͷһħޣǷĳɹ
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ټӳֹĹܹȫչֳ֤ʥźܺõĽܡ
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͵ЦȻŴϾں˸һֵȻʱʥ棬Ȼȴڵʥ
˸һȻԵŴˣ
ˣǻȥսܹܳһʱƽˣʿ˻֣ĵ


368 ʥ
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Щѻڴϵľ޴ħ޵ʬ壬ǣԵĻ
֮ǰʿפصʱÿγҲûôħ޵ʬ
֮ǰԽõĲһѾȫһɨ⣬ȡ֮ģǶԽá͢ԼʥԵİ
һ۲ɼľǿڿУЩͨƽɢġ
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治ɫɺǺЦźǴкȴͷ
ֻһСһʱѹֺڵͷ֮󣬾ܹռʥͳµж٣ж٣ȫôһ£ʥֻ֡
ڸǰȥǿĭɵĽУŷʼøӵˡ
ȻȡõĹкܶأԶСΨһһӵԶ̹ģɫļȡ˻Ի͵սȻô˵ΪһܹͨôʿȡĳɾͣȷʵԳΪǵż
ѶĿү˼֮ʿԸµʿЩħ޵ʬѪħޣȻתͷԷңȥáкܴһǮء
ȥȥңҪǷӾͲûǮˣһȺ񶼿ʼ塣
ЦĺǴкȻʿ쳯мΰĽȥ
һ·ϣʿԵöԷģ˷Լ֡ʥͳηΧڣʿ֮ͨ䣬ž޴ĺ蹵ޱͷʿֻԤ۵ʿҲԼָ߷
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˹ƶ˼֣һӵģִСʿĽˣȷʵһܺõĶ󰡡
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⣬еʥϢð˳ȴġ
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ΡĽУ˹һֱעŷ飬ŷһʼľн˷ܺӵİͷΪһʿĺѡ
ŷһƫƧСң˹÷һ£ת뿪ˣֻ˷С
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˵Ļ˹Ǻпһ㡣
̾Ϣãֵΰλʥʿˣ뿪ʱԼĹϣܹ̳ˣϧô˵̳ĹܹʥϢģҲûм
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СڣһʼڹԹԵţŵ˹Ǯһ֮ͿʼĵĴ߶ˣֵչֳһ˵ص㡣
͸һˮһеĵ˹񸸶Ц߶û׹ء
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ʥʿıĵͼ˵ʥ
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Զ׹ıҲ൱ܵģСҿۣȻʵȴʥŨ񣬱ҲܵĵطѾû̫ķ
յ˹񸸵ļƻӦǿûصޱصĵصѰҵʥſ㹻㹻ᶨǱǷ޴ǲܹʥ̺ľ޴ʥ
֮һα׼˸еʥޱȣڽ̵ȥ֡
Ȼ˹ȫû뵽תţվǽǰۿǽϵıڻʱǽڵʥͻȻŹâ
ǽϵıڻԶĳԱ߻һԲһɼĺӣǽڻ˳ֱ͵˷ǰ
ȻӴ󿪣һа˳̬߳ţǿʥĳں
Ա߷ŵģһִĳͬǿҵʥ
Ŵͣڹۿһеĵ˹񸸣ҲͬŴ͡
ȻǾͿ֣סǱȻһ
ǿҵʥ⣬ӳϵ˳Ž˶ʥ֮ڡ
ʥӿ룬˲ͽ˷壬˶Χʥ֮С
ԭŹâĹâ𲽵ȥʼ޹⡣
˹񸸶һۣ˱˴еľ㵡
ֻ֤һ¡ʥѾȫĽң̺ŵǿʥȫ͵˰ҵڣʥɢֻڰҵУܹӳǿ
ôǿҵʥ⡭ǵ˹Ԥʿ޷
㲻ðҳΪʥʿȴһʿʵΪһʿ߹ʿ
˹һ󺰣ײײĳŷڵڳ˹ȥ
ҲӦˣʿǰפģ಻һ񸸺һʿѡǱͨʿǿһĴڣȴҲûʲôơ
ʿܹͳһǳصʿĴڣ
ʥ֣˿̵ĵλԶԶ֮ϣ͸˵νĹˡ
ʿƨ
֮ǰ˹øӵŷ֮ǰǽƼʿѧУȥѧϰ֮˵ԳΪԼĲ¡ڿɺãõʥĴУضʥΪһʿλҪߵöˡ
ܹʥҲ֤˷ĳ⣬ס
ˣԼûгΪʿ֮ǰЯһ£Լǰ;϶ҲǴкô
Ե˹ҪһʱȥΪʿչֳԼЧң
ǣɵŹķͿ˹һŵײų˽顱һ͹ԼǰеʿˣڽʱΪЧҰɣ


369 ʥ
ǸССԻңڳ¼ֱ֮ʥΪ˸߹ʿˡϢ˲䴫
˵ƺҲ˵ʥĴ˵ĽǿҲǼʿЩʿѾԱƽˣǶĴ˵ҲǺ⡣
Ϊûʥ
ȻڣȴѾʥͬΪһޱȸ߹ʿˣ
ʿ
Ƭ½ϣ߹Ĵڣ޷Ǿʥʿͺ̣ԼصĲг
ʥ²ʵǺܸӺġ
һʹأЩʹᱻ֪
ֿͳθ½ģʥϵ
ʿЭᡢ͢Ͳ
ʿЭǿʥʿһ½Ҳֻһʥʿ¾ʿʿ
͢ǿģǺ´̣Ǻ̺ͺ٣Щ񸸣ֻӵ΢ȫ޷ʽʿȡ
͢ͳΣʿЭḺΰ
ǸһЩĶ
ǿǲгԱִ¡
չʹҲǷֳ֣ڰʹʹʹ
ڰʹǲгȥģʹʥʿȥģʹǺ´ȥģֱɱս봫
һ½ֻһʥʿôճҪģʿͳһʡĴڣ
һ˲䣬ʹһƽһʿϵˣ
ҽ½ϵʥҲˣ֪˷ΪʿĹ֮ǾȻˡ
ʥΣĹͷ֮ǰսžʧʥʥʿҲɽ£ʥʼѡµļ̳ˣҲǺ顣
ǺڳΪʿ֮ĵ죬ڽ֮͢£εʿˣҪص͢ȥְȻԼء
һףڸͷ֮ϣϱʥ߸ŻС쵰ĽУ߸Ԥʿ˹߳
ֻҪϵΪ㹻ĹͣҲܹΪʿˣ
һٶǴ˵ԼŵĻŷҲĽ
ǰôܣ
ʥѡʿ񸸺Ͳִ¶ҪͨϸĳģԤ٣ѧԺѧʮֻ꣬ǳΪԤ٣ĺ٣кܳʱ䣬ҪºܶĹͲпܡ
ȻһкܶᣬȻҪһĳΪ½̸Ҳþޱʱ䣬Ҫȵпȱп
ȴɵĳΪʿûгֹ飡
СӣҲ֪ʲôʺˡ
ԤţͻȻǶʿ˵Ĳɵûһ¡
߳ķȴûʲôԾ
һǰһŵ˹
ˡ
ո˵ô֣ͱ˹һŵĴˡ
ˣڿǸ߹ʿСǿöˣɲҴˣͽҵ˹ˡ
Ҳٽ飬˵ͷ֮ðɣ˹ȥ͢ȥʲôİ
˹شˣֻǳΪһͨʿǱԤʿǿöʿôפҲ͹ˣʿôͲСšմ½Ĺأʿǿͳʡʿģλؽ͢Ϊȥĳʡְɡ
ѵпհ׵ʡһֱڵʿ𣿡ʡ
˹һ£ȻҡҡͷôܡһʡһʿǻãȻ˵֮ǰʿǶȥǰսˣҲԤĸǵְ񣬲̫пȱġ
ȥҪǰڽ͢ءĵ
˹ȴ˵Խ͢ĻȻҲ÷Ļͦеġ
ֻʿ϶Ҫؽְ͢ģһûпȱڽ͢ڣȻͬʿݣڴͷϣǾͲöˡ
뵽˹Ҳ˹ģϾѾ˷ĸӹʿǰ;ҪǲõĻҲòȥ
ٺٵЦЦû˵ˣֻһ˼ĵ˹ơ
˿̣ȴʼתʥҪ˽ʥľϡ
û˭ȥģΪЩǵǳͻġ
ȻԴڻ֮ȻȴǴӻ֮зһ֣ͬԴȴ໥ͻ
ȴһ⡪һԺǿʿ֮УϸΪϵܹȫʵϺıԴǻ֮źܴĹϵ
Ȼܹôڻ֮ʥҲܹͬɣҷǳϡ
Ϊ֮һԴȻȻһյ
ʥȻ棬Ȼ˵ҲһʥʿʹùȻʥʿʵǿᶨ֮ѾΪ˳ʹһ֣Ȼʹ׹ʱҲһǿЩֵʥʿѡ
ɽĻ˵һ׽ɵɱ
Է۷ʵһʥʿ֪ǿ˶ٱʥѹԵơ
ǣΪǱʥܵʥЩֵע⣬Լȫȡ˳鶴ڣ鶴ԼδСУȥ¥գտյģֻһ
£ܹ۷弶ͨž޴ʥȻֵס
ʥ̺ŵĿ۷ʿʥ˷ڣӲĽֻһ壬ʿ塣
ڷڱĿʥзʽ
೤ܹһһĻۣ֮⣬ûʲô֮ȻɳԣȴԶ
ʥأʥԲڱĵطھ档
ͬһ㣬մʲôܽ丯ʴ
ʣɽǳԵٵĿͷʥˣԼӵųԷܹһһԼ岻
ʥԴأԴ
ʥ֮ڣ񣬶ʥĳݺԴԴϵתΪʥȻʥ
Խ˽ʥԽʥܹԽǿ
µʥ顢ʥҲһ
ʹʿ񸸡ִ¡ÿ˶ԼĶ󣬶ĶԴԴϵ
ڷзʽȻǷǳªģȻǵϵƣȻʥͳεж١
ʥǿʱȻܹϵᵽµµ
ɽ紦ƵʱǺܱˡ
Ϊɽ粻ῴʥͣÿһʱһתһֵ񡭡ǵȻڲϵȥ
ҲʥΪ֮ףһء
ѹָӦ˶ִѪлص㣬ȻҲʲô̫ȴʥָһ·ȻʥʥʥǻῴŸǿǿҲֻӸøǿɣԸŻѱ䡭
һ·ţһ·˽͢
Ȼʥ磬Ͷһʱ䣬Լܲʥǿһ㡣
ʥĲô־ҲޱǿģԼҪúõѧϰһ¡
ҿڵʥȻƶʥĹȴҲʥĹˣȻĻ֮ǰսУֻҪԸ⣬ܹʹɽĴġ


370 ͢ʿЭ
͵˹һ֮ͬ󣬷ɭǡ
ǻҽ½ΰĳǳأҲǽ͢ڻҽ½ͳεء
͢ʿЭᡢĺģǳ֮ڣһ´̡һʥʿһгܹͶɶԿĴڡ
һϣĴڣҲʮ˶ѡ
ʵܿʥʽ΢ˡɽ磬һϣɼĴڣ˵Ҳʸռһչϵţ¾һ٣ʵԶԶҪһʥȫ
ʥɽ磬ÿפսҲɽ磬ɽÿ껹ԴԴϵµ룬ÿԴԴϵͶµΪµˡȥʥҪɽ
ɽ绹ûг֣Ϊʥ绹źǿȫսԷĻԼҲܴܵʧ
ȥֻԽԽɽԽԽǿ
ȻⲢЩܹǵ⡣
⴦ǳһŵĴͳУճסƽͬʱǿʿٺִ¹ǳأ½ħҲ޷⴦ǳκε𺦡
ڽ죬ſˡ
ʥӭŷĵ
ȻʿʥʿһȻܹӵһʡʿҲߵĴ֮һˣȻӭӡ
ʿڳһչе̾𣬴˹ţֵ٣ͬȥϵʥʫ
ڰµִںڰ֮УԤŲʲôҡ
ɫʥڿоƽȥϵš
һĸߴʿ˹Ż׵ĺӣȥѾˣȴɾӡ
λʿѧԺĵʦҲһʿˡ˹ڷ
˵ͷȻӭȥŵ˹̵ǣʦһ
ܹ̳ʥΪһΰʿǳ˲ȻҪΪһʿʵǲģþ߱߹ƷʡôһͬǰʿЭᣬǷָɡʦЦ
ûüشһ͵´ˣɲУ̻Űǰȥ͢Ϊ͸ء
һۣһľȣⱦߣӳͷ˹󻹸ۣͬޱˡ
·˹̴ˣǺ⣿
͵µʦ¶ŭ⣺̳еʿʥȻҪȥʿЭᣬǼע֮ȻȥʿѧУѧϰǣ
ƽʱȻ޷ģȻڣȴʱ̡
·˹˹ĵɽЩͽ֣ʿٶΪ̲֮ʣѧϰôõǣ
Ȼ̧ͷŷʿȥ͢ôΪţͿԲμʿˣܹͨˣôͻһʡͳߣ
͵µʦ죬ȻصĶ˶ţ˷һۣѸٵת뿪
ֻһģ·˹ȴƺ׼󻹸ĸͬḷ֣́Ҳ򲻹ԼһĽ֡͢
·˹΢΢һЦԷ
˵ͷȻ·˹󣬳ų˹ȥ
ŴʿҲʼ׷׳ߣ֮ǰϹݵƽǷ׷Ȼ뿪˳ţŴָֻƽʱӣʼƽ
ңȥ̡ʲô𣿡
·˹һߣһƺʡ
֮ǰ˵˹һЩ͢ڲĶҲСǽ͢ʿЭ֮䲢ͳ˲ֻǸռݵ֮⣬Ϊ½صͳ˰գ͢ʿЭ֮ĳͻǲС
һʿ˵󲻴˵ССҲһʡĵ̣ʿǿʿЭģôʿЭʹһ֣ʿǿ͢ģô͢ʹһ֡
ʿʿѧԺ˾ģǽ͢ûʲô취ģǷһҰ·ӣȻ͢ҪŬȡһ¡
·˹˵ֱͦԼ̴ˣһƧͨˣҵõʥĴвųΪʿҲֻֻ֪֪ʥĹԣܹҫ磡
·˹ⷽĻش
ǰңʥĹԣϣҪĴڡߡΰꡢ󡭡͢ʥڣ͢ǻʥʥҫʣף
緽ȷʵһȻõǿСӣȻǱ·˹ⷬס
˿аЦȴһҸ嵨̴ˣף͢ǻʥСʱ򣬳֮£֪ɱ˶ޣ⸱ʥħޣСҲɱˣ
·˹ȻʧЦЩħôĺ飬ҲǺ£Ǻǡ
˵˵ţ·˹۾ƳԸŵС쵰۾һ£Ȯ䲻
С쵰˳ŷڵϵĳȾ˳ƽС쵰ڻУЦǰǴСһ𳤴ȮСҲûɱôޡ
һ·̸̸˵˵ܿ͵˽֮͢ʥĵϣΰĽضǽã͢½ùؼڣȻҲǸӵΰ׳
·˹һͬС쵰ͷԼˣȻ·˹һͬȥ͢죬´̡
´Ϊʥʹ֮µͳߣȻǲ׵ĺ֣ȻսҲȲһͨʿȻ㹻Ļٻʥ⣬ɱȴһʿҪǿöˡ
ʥ֣ʿ󣬸ǿȻȻ㹻£ȴܹ𵽼ãڲִ£ɱǱ̽ǵֺϷ
ҽ½ϵĺ´п˹Ѿˡʥʹ֮⣬ʲô嶼ǣȻܹɽɽɶԿȴǺܳ
ЩʿִǿһҪͨ˳һЩȻҲͺͨͬǺ´Ҳ⡣
ŷãȻվ֪Ӧ˵ʲôӣ˹´ǲɵ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ᶨиԵ֮͢ʣֻҪܹúõΪ͢£ôȻĺô˹ĵ
Կ˹һ񣬴ĵҲʲôôֻԸΪʥ׳ҵһУ
ãȥϢɡϽػʲôط͢о֮󣬻ʱ֪ͨġ˹Ц
ٶһȻʹŵ˹һ񸸵ָ뿪˽͢
·˹ҵͷ𣿡
·˹ҵ̣ѾˣԻСڷʡԵΪΪصʿٺִ¶ӭУΧħΪң뿪⣬򡭡ڳ´󹦣ֻʥʿĴУӵʿʵ
˵·˹Цʲ·ϣѾ˺ܾãᶨȴ飬ȷʵһܲĶء
˹˵ͷĶȷʵ㹻ĻôǿԳΪǵıġ½ʿ˼ɣضʡճǵΪȡһһʡǿƣôܹõѹסʿЭᣬЩҰﵽǵͷ


371 ľ
ǼʿЭȺˣԽ޷
ڽ͢ס죬͵˹ӭ·˹̴ˡ
̴ˣôˣֵʡ
ңյ˵Ȼǽ͢һʡôͱضһʡʿЭЩ쵰ȴ˵ʲôЩʿΪʥǲıǵĵ̣Щʿĵ̳ǵʥ͵λ·˹ջĵ
Ҫô죿˹Щŵʡ
̴ȻǾóѣԾʡΧʡһֳֻһµʡҲʡԵصɭΪģȻ˿ڲ࣬ȻȴźܴһƬɽӵž޴ĲƸ·˹һ֮
Ҿܹӵһµʡ𣿡˵ĵ
·˹Цô򵥡ݹ涨齨ʡɽ͢ʿЭָɵģǹͬѡѡûܴɹʶĻ
Ҫôɵʡ
䡣·˹ޱĻش
ŶǴܰ˭ܣЦ
ʿЭɳһʿ֣˭ӮܹΪµʡפʿ

˵һʡֻһʿôôʿ˶ˣôʿ
·˹뿪֮󣬷Щֵ˵˹һ䡣
˹ȻֻһԤʿȴȷҪϤöˡ
Цˣˡʥôĸ֣Ҳôĵ̣һʡһʿƹȷʵģȻʿأҪûʿǻ⣿ԺܶʡʿʵʿֻһֻӼӵȨѣʿѧԺͽ͢Ҳͬźܶǿʿͺֻ̣ûлŶѡ
˵˹ЦЦʵֹʿ̣˵ҽ½ֻһʥʿһ´̺һгƹܣȻʵϣʿЭᡢ͢ǲʥʿ´̺Ͳгĸֺֹ֣ʮ
סˣѹ־ʥһҲ̫һЩ˵޷ռɽһϵȣһеűҲǿĶȥ
һǾ˵ùȥˣһ½ʮʥʿĸ֣һôٸܺͽɶԿʥ֣פϵļʹȻϵŻž޴Ĳ𣬲ҲûôŵĲˡ
ʵȨ¡
ĻһûʿЭǱĸֲˣȻĻֻڽ֮͢ڣʿҲ̫áǺǵЦ
˹ЩĿ˷һۣ˵ûΪȨʿɭڵʿȻʵ࣬ȻӵеȨȴž޴Ĳ𡣡
Ͳ֪ʿЭʲôˡЦ
ȥһ¡
˹Ҳסˣֻڽ͢ڣʲôȨԼӵеȨǾ͸Сˡ
ڶԷЧҵһɲǣ˹ǰ;ȫϵ˷ϣûǰ;͸ӵûǰ;
Ȼ˹ֻһԤʿȴǸĴʿѧԺѧϰѧԺʿЭҲʶˣû죬ͼҴҵĻصס
ˣ¿Щ˹
ôˣЦЦС쵰Ƥëʵ
ұΪʡʿôĿȱʿЭǿʿǶȥЩȱֵܺģǶǿʿ˭ֵ֪ʿǶŰ˹һĵ
Ű˭һãȻ
˹Ҳ֪ʿʲô֪Ҳû˷ʱ䣬ĵˣŰʿѧԺҲǴʿѧԺ֮ǽѧԱֻҲǳçûʲǫ̂Ȼӵʿȴû취ȥʡְֻʿѧԺһְ
Ҳ˵ӦһˡЦ
ҲˣǴˣŰޱȾ޴Ŀ׺Ƶģ
һףܹںļ棬ȫչ֮ʮɵľ룡
°ͣȻʵҲûϵôصĿףôصıƶȻ᷽㣬ֻҪܣľǾ׸ˡ
˵һЦɽֱصʱ򣬶ģ
˹ȴǿǣֵĳأֻаɷԲȫſܹʮ֮Ŀ꣡
ǲվڳĻĶܴˣŴ͵
ǰ˹̾Ϣŷ񣬾󿴵һһ㡣
һԻõʥϵʥ̳Уӵʿ
һȻͬҲǲçȴǱ׼ʿѧԺˮϵĲʿҪѧϰĳսԼָ񶷼ܣһû¡
Ϳ㣬Ҫôȣ
οضԷӵĲ侫һȫĴڣֻʲôãټ϶Űʩչ̨ûӱܵĵطӮĿԣʵ̫Сˡ
ĽУϽɱ֣ԶŰײеƢԺʿЭָʾѷзϳҲΥ˹涨
ʱһȻһֻ첲ķܹչֳ
Ǵֻý͢ˣһˡ
⻹Ǻõ
˲õһԽ͢õʿ취ȡ˷һʥλãǷͿˡ
ʱΪһҲΨһһӵԼʲôô
ѹֽ͢ҲʼЩ䵭ˣǾûʲô˰
̾ϢһԵĳĶȥ
˹˵ͷ֮ǰȥҲãȨɻҽܱĺá
ǱԵʱˣȥأҲǺõġ
һǰһС쵰ŻĸԱߣһͬԼķ䣬ͳűԵĳȥ
Եĳأڽ͢档
һ·͢һ·ĺȻɶԷܹȻȴóѾûǰľη
ϢҲǴúܿġ
һ̫õˣʿмٿģ
ʵûȨʥʿҲֻίίʿЭһݸٺһְ
ʵҪӦȨͬڵƿʿЭʥʿһ㣬һ֮£ʿΪ֮Ч
ǵʹǸ𣬲˷˵ķ룬ȻĻǿĸʵҲҪӦȨܹõķӡ
һ·ڵ˹ָ֮µ˱ԳأʥҲ䡪Ͼѹ֮£ǲеġ
⴦ԳأռطԲɣߴʮɣ䣬ȻһͿЦ
ߴĳϣԷʮɵضڶԷķΧ֮ڡ
ãԶڶԷ屣ڹ꣬ĳƣһ㶼ûʣ£ֻʣơ
ʿѧԺһҲɷѿģΪ˶Ըʱȫǽȥˣǲý͢Լʵ
ϾһʡĿʯҲܹٳɫʥˣ˳ɫʥʿܹ֯һ֧ʵ׵Ĵ
㹻£͢ȫܹЩʿЭ᲻ʿȻ齨ԼװʱʿЭỹ̫ĴڵıҪ
Ծܻҽ½ϵʡ߳ʿЭϣʿЭҲԸһ齨ʡ
οЩʡҲн͢ģʡפʿǽ֮͢ʡǽ͢˽


372 
ɭ˵Ĵ£µʿˡ
ӷµĸʡĽ֮»ֳһƬ޴ĵ̣Ϊµʡ
ڻҽ½˵һȫµľٴ룬ȻĸʡʧȥĶ̫࣬ȻȴмḻһƴµʡͳΪ˻ҽ½õʡ֮һ
Ҫһ㣬͢ȻҲǸ˴ۡ
ĸʡȫڽ͢ƿصġڸʡ˵ԴţʿЭᡢ͢Ͳ
˾ʿЭΰ͢ʿЭ᲻ӵٺ̣ʡʿǳʿЭģȻҲн͢ǺǷͥ
Ǹʿڽ͢Ļô˫֣ܹȫʡ
óԼصʡ
ʡóԼأôҲֻűͬ⡣
ȻڿȴƺʿЭ˽͢һ֮ǰųʿЭЩĺֶѾֱЩȱصˣȻƳģȴǶŰôһʿЭҲźպˣ
˶ó͢ǳԱˣûм㵽һ㣬ָĵʡҲҲǵϡ
û˾÷ܹܶŰϾһֻӵСӣôܺʿѧԺǧɱ˻ȣ
ⳡֻ߹ʿЭ˻߰뿪Գأչֳǵ硣
ԵԵһ쵽ʱ򣬴Ӵ̿ʼԳʮ̣ɫѿúܡ
Щŭ׵ʿǣֺ˱Գԡ
ΪʿЭʿЭɭڵڽԳ֮ۿֻ̨ߴһϰվΧʲô
ʿЭҲóʿԸ˵˴שʯӲ̨Χ޽ܹ˹ۿĸ̨Ҫúõһ½͢
͢Щ취һһʿЭ֮ڣʿЭʵѾǳ˺ܴĿˣԲžᣬ͢ȥ
˹ڸ̨֮ϣǰһУˮĿ·˹һۡ
·˹Щ䣬ƼȥģȴпҪⳡؼıԣ֮󣬿Լǰ;Ҳûˡ
·˹ָԼҲųȥͳһʡڿڽ͢ڲ̵ܵãƺҲǲ̫ܵ飡
˿Ҳֻ̾Ϣ˭֪սϣǸСӣʤĻ
ԺиֳŰ֮󣬾һ˿ңƺҲ·˹Ժʧˡ
ʿ
һʿ̨ϵƽǷһЦ
壬ҲǱȽϸߴˣȻЩǿʿȴԵðС˺ܶࡣ
ҲǴҶΪ䶨˵ԭ򡪡ʿĶܹ弱ٵĳɳÿʽʿţҲֻзְ·ҵģŻᱣֺƽһȳƵ͡
ƽУȻʲôȻһȺߴ͵ʿǰ߹ԵЩˡ
ο˿̵ķûףֻһ̴Ĵ磬ʥԼõԹϣǺʥļ֮⣬ȫ߰˺ͨյһ
һôʲôѵΪЩͨļֻܹ䴩ŰȫĿף
˵ͨļֻˣǱʥӳֹļֻҲ䴩ŰĿף
ûŰĿҲҹʥӳֵģȻʥʿ˵ʥױв࣬ȻȴʿɫģƾļֻҪ˺Цˣ
ļɫҲû˵ŰŰĿ׿۾ܹģ
ʿǷ׷׵ĳЦУȴ治ɫĵ̨֮£Ȼ̨ôϥţԼĶֵĵ
ֲǵһʿǵڨЦһһ仰˵
ܿģĶ־ͳˡ
һ߹ɵľˡ
ȫںصļ֮£Ŀļϣһ޴ִĴִͬӲ棬ӵľͷһöͷСģ̵Ĵͷ
һԵ
һҲȴƺһ㶼óһ㣬̨֮󣬾ص̨ϡ
ҿ̨Ǳ´ʥӳֹģȻĻȫķ̨ѹ壡
˫ѵûжԷʱһΪ׼ʱûֳʤԺ;ۡҶԶŰ
վĿǰľˡ
ƿԼ֣¶һ
ʵıһŵ˰̣۾׹䣬һĴڸں֮¡
ܻңҾͰĵĸֵ֡úãҲʸҵĸ֣ǧҪڱбҵĴӻˣĻҿɲҪһзҵĸ֣
ŰͳǶ΢΢һЦ
ҲҪԼһ㡭ûмлһ£ضˡûо鰡
һ̾Ϣ˹һۣɫû˵
һʥʿˣ޵΢Ц
Ⱥ͢ųڵҲԽԽˣúõĽѵһ£ǽ˵ͻѹǵͷˣ
ϧѡ˵طվһߣǰʥʿķϣôҲ㵣һʡ԰ɡ
Ȼѡ˽͢Ǿ͹ֲҪԸ㣡
ʥʿţϵЦȴӵʢˡ
̨֮ϣŰѾٴδףҲʼĻ
ҲժԼĹȴûдǺʥȡǳһ֧ͨļȻ˹ϡ
һ׼ͨļŰ
ʿһЦҲҡͷѰսǵŶŰ˵սҲǲҪˡ
Ȼ˵ԶŰܿܽôһʱȳ֣ǻкôġ
ʱ򣬶ŰѾȫĻӶԼ
ʮɵ迪ޱȵĺˡ
ŰѾԼеȫչȻʼһһģŷ˹ȥ
ÿǰһĻռ䣬ͻᱻѹһ֡
ƶ̨ʱ򣬷ͽȫʧȥռ䡣
ʱŰֻҪϵĻ÷ֻһЩ߽ǵشǿˣ
ȴûг֡
ǰ̾˵սҲ̫˰ɣ
ʿҲҡͷ̾ϢǿʼãĶ֣ʿЭԶĶŰ˵Ҳʲôʵ顣
ŰĽŲܴÿһͻ̤ɵľ롣
ʮɵľ룬Ҳһٲ
˿һٲ꣬ҲǷ̨ϵʱﵽͷʱ
ŰһһĽӽ˷ŹɽȻ˿ǱŰסˡ
ڿкķţŰ
Լ̨Ҳ㡣
ЦȻܼᶨҡҡͷ
ŰҲû˵
ڿͻȻһ٣ͬһģ˷
˳صڶŰȥʱȴޱȵĿݣͬһһ㣬˲ͽӽ˷
壬ͻȻ
˶Űһ
ͬʱڳѾ˺ܾõļô˳ȥ


373 
һȶŰҪӵĿ٣
˵Űǿ磬ôһǼǣ
Ҫ˵ŰҲʱעŷĶƻȥ֮ͺջأȻֻҪĶһ³ܹһϮĹԼ֮⡣
οŷôǿһס
ûܹסһʱ˶û⡣
ͨļֻȥҲһӡǶ°ɡ
ɣ
ļͷڸոŰ׵ʱ򣬾ͻ˷飬ɴײ֮£ͨȻܲס
ȷʵһûκεãûиŰκε˺
ȻڼͷΪɻҵһ˲䣬ǶŰڳеʿɫȫˡ
ԭܼ򵥡ͷȻܹŰĿף
ΪһǿʿŰȫȵʥޱȵǿǿʥŻ֮£ͨļͷȻܹӴŰĿסһжôĴ
ͨľͷܹЧʥӳֹļͷŰĿףϵĿŶȻжôĴ
ŰŭһһԭѾҪڵϵͬһͳſеķɨ˹ȥ
ڿһתյ˶Űһܵͬʱ֪ʲôʱһ֧ͨļֻ˹پ׵ٶ˳ȥ
ͷٴ˶ŰĿףٴλΪɻң
˵ɫˡ
Ϊμͷеĵص㣬ƫУϴеĵص㣡
еʿȻʱ򣬷ĵֵ֧ˡ
ͬһص㣡
һο˵ɺϣȻΣ;Բɺϡ
ŰĿףͨľͷȴҲڶŰĿ֮ϣһǳǳĺۼ
ĶȴδϵģȴͨļֻǾʥӳֵļͷӵӵļ̣
һףҲ
ŰĶֹ֮ͣ󣬷˵һ䡣
Ȼʥӳֹļֻ̧ͷ˿Զ
˲ȥ
һ
ಡ
ʼˣõֻͨ
һͷϣһ硣
ڶͷǰ֧ϣͬͷһͬ÷飬ͬһ硣
ֻֻ
һֱһʮ֧ȫ⣬һصĩȻϵļͷʼֻһ磡
ʲôգʲôľ춯صļ
ڳĶǸ֣ޱȳɫȻóһľٶֻ֤ڶʱȫŰķˣ
̵ʱڣŰ
еʿĬˡ
ǣϿʼֳϲɫ
û뵽ҵļﵽ춯صĵز
ܹԽĿƣӲöŰǿʿһʤĻᶼûУ
ŰĬ
ԭʥĶڿƯŵͬйƤһ㣬
еȻժԼͷ¶һĹͷ
Էϥ
䡣
ͳʿˮ򷢳һ󻶺
˹վЦãαԻʤΪңһ֮ͽȥµʡΣʿЭҪʿʿΪʿ˽һͬǰ
ʥʿ̾һȻ˵ͷ
̴ˣҿԼѡ˽𣿡
ȻǿԵġ˹΢Ц
ǺãҵŰΪҵĸ֣һҵĸӹ˹
Ű˵ͷԸΪҴЧ
˹üͷŰȻǹģλ˹
ҿصش
˹˵ͷȻ֣Ǿɡ
תͷԶŰЦŰȻҵĸ֡ôʿȥѡɡ
ŰԷͷ
ŰȻǳçôͺʿЭû̫ϵʿЭôãܻвѵģͨ˽ڿɿϣܱʿЭᰲŵҪɿöࡣ
˹΢΢ͷҲǿⷽҲϣǵûǺܵġ
ͷ̨߳ͷĶŰȴǺܰĸ
ˣȻ֪ģû˺ûһò״ĿףöŰܲм
ʿЭᵣһְûٺ»ģҪһ׿ףŰҲͶ˺ܶѪûбٵȻĸԸĵηĸ֡
ʿǸӵĿУͱ˷ͶŰ˹Цĺʥʿ˼䣬Ȼת·˹òʡĽãȥɡ
·˹ϲ
ڽֻ͢һͨḷ́ȻǴ̵ˣȻҲ¶ѣһʡȥһãǲķʲ
ϲ̴ˡ
·˹˹֣΢Ц
·˹ڸǲסϲɫЦҲǶ˰㡭Ŷڵýʿˣ
̴ˣ֮ǰֻһͨԻⷽʲôʡҪ̵ĵطҹˣطǵð·˹ˡЦ
Ȼġ
·˹ЦúܿģʿץץֻҪϵúãùġ
·˹ĸˣŰǰȥټϤЩʿˣֻ˵˹ߡ
˿̵˹ıޱ˷ܣܹȡʤȻҲˮǴߡʵҲˡ
ŵ˹΢΢Ц
˹֮ǰѾʹ˵ˣҵ֣һǶŰһ㡣
ңˣҵʵ˹Щĵ
ʵ㹻ʥʵȻܹȥ
֣Ȼ˵˹ͷϡ
˹;һǿޱȵʥͷӿ˽ʥӣʵҲʼٵ
ʥͬǱ˸ģôֻԼʱʹãûˣֻԼܹӳá
ȻʥֻҪڣһʥͻһʥЩʥ֮ҲͨϻָģԶʿ˵һʿʥôҲܹΪµʿ
ִֻ䷽Ҳôĺܴһ㲻Ƿǳ׽ˣû˻ġ
ڷܹԼʥ˹֤Ե˹Ŀء
֮󣬷ջԼ֣˹ǱվŻŵǿ
ԭһʿ㣬ʱѾӵʿ
ڴЦ֮󣬵˹ٶޱ֣صĳŷ
˹һΪҴЧңΪҴ˺úǸµʡ˹ĵ
˵ͷЩԤʿ飬ҲԸʵµʡҲҪ齨µС
˹˵ͷȻӵʿôԤʿʽʿǻõġ
Ҳʥֻ֮ҪԸ⣬ʱʿĴڣǱɽҪʤĵط
Ȼʹʵͷǳˣһ㣬Ҳʥ类ɽĸ߶ѹŵء
ɽڴǿƵĵλȻͿƶ򡪡ڵͼսвڸ߼սѹס֣ʥԵ൱ı
ΪϣʥĸԴܳ£ЩƽӻøһЩɡ
ڵ뿪֮󣬷
ʥһƽΪĻ磬Щӵ÷ӵļᶨҪƷʥͳε
ǲ֪ʥͳߣʥ磬ʲôĹ⾰
ϣ㲻ҪʧʽǴƽѪĻôʥ硭ǻȽϺá


374 ı
ʥ磬ҪһԼԽŸ֮⣬Ҫ뿴ʥƽǴһʲô֮¡
֮УɽƽùģȻĵطԴŪߣȴûӰǵڷ֮󣬾Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ҲѹЩʥӶɵͳ֮˵ҳϡ
֮ΪأҲ˵ûƽģȻҲѹƽ顣
ͬûƽֻūЩūǾĴڣ˵˾ǵۣһµģͨƽ絹ҲܵѹǾͨһû飬ûԵ֡
Щūʹ˵Ǳѹ˵÷ȡ޵Ϊ鸳Ƴ
Ƿ൱һط
ЩӣƽĹȻܶƽڹ֮лΪ޺Ȼȴ翵Լ
Ӵ˷ǵƷ硣
ʥ緽ԭһ˿ϣϾȻ֪ʥƽģʲô£ܹھϹһ㡣
ʥ֮أ
ɱħޣȴΪҪάֶƽвȥɱЩħޣڿֻ֮У޷뿪õıӻ
ء
÷÷ǳ
ֻģûһ֪ǵ˹ǶŰ·˹˸߲ҵĸ˷׼ȥӹµʡ
ʡܲͷɣϾҵļ硣
ǰʡʱ򣬷΢Цŵ
ֻһСӡ·˹Щԥ
ֻҪǰﵱܲܿͻʡĵط
ЦȻָָԼʿǿʿչһĳУûʲôɣ·˹̣ٵʥĹµûʲôɣ
·˹̾ϢȻûġ
Ǿɡ󲻻磬ͬҹУһϵĴǶڵӰ
ЦȻǰ
·˹εҡҡͷ˭ΰأϲǾɡ
Űȴʲôû˵ֻǰĸ˷󣬵˹ЦЦǰһȺʿХȥ
˵ĿϾӡ
һò˵Իڳ´󹦣ȻΪΰʿˣţλΰʿ˴һȺǿʿص򣬲򽫻Ϊµʡ׸
ʱ˻飬Ȼλĺȷ֮ǿʼˡ
ţүͱ˹ܼңӭجΡ
Цݵ׼ȥӭµʿ˵ʱӭһһɣͷĶ񺺡
ʿ˵ˣļңˣ
һȺƻʿ˿үļңһȺ˽ҲΪµǵΰԱÿҪڽѲߡ
ţڿү۵Уĵؽѱˡ
ĽҡҡѬ⡢ƶ˳Ȼַϵǡ
үһ仰˵
Ȼһ壬ǺʿĹ壬ƽҲûʲô𣬾ͱ˵һʡȨʿˡ
һ㣬ǻϵʥ·˹˵
·˹üЦĵͷӿŪĽңһôܲˣ
ƧûʲôôԴ󻧻е
˿үĲƲ֮󣬷ʼԼҵĸƻ
ʿ򣬽ӵķΧӲչЩǿʿ֮£صĳǽ޽ʥ⣬µǶ棬ǳҲܵħǵϮ
Ȼǳ޴ЩŵʿǲԸȥǸԸֳֺõ飬ڣʿŰԷٵ·˹˷Ļ¸ô
չǳأڳǳڿϢȥ֮󣬸ƽǣʼӿˡ
Ϊʿ˵ˣֻҪ½ǵĳÿĶʮĶͷ˰ַӺţ
Ϣȥֻ֮һµʱ䣬ǵĻʹ֮ǰǧ໧򻧣Ϳʼ
ȫЦˣҴÿڳй䣬ÿħʬܹѳһСɽ
ȶΧĻ֮󣬷ͿʼʡķΧйˡ
Ű˹·˹ǣֵɣʡħޣꡣ
ڵͼǼ׵ħޣסһħ޵ʬ壬˰ʿĺպ
һΪħ޾ʡƽ񿪲ɿʯǰٶȿ˺ܶ࣬ȥɭǵԴȽ͢ԤƵģ屶
´̿˹ϲ⣬¸˼Ľͣڽͻصǵʱ򣬷ޱȿķַѾһʿǣԭѾ˱ԹʿҲûκεԹԡ
ֳʿ٣ҲʲôǶЩʿЭͽ͢˵ʿ˵һջ񣬶ʮջ
λô֮ǰĲԡ֪˰ɣһɱʡڵħޣڵЧʲ֪˶٣ҲϧڵĻԽ͢Ĺǰô࣡ǰɽԶңɿʯ
һƣЦ
˿ϵʥ⣬ǿࡪԭܼ򵥣һʱڣʡڣڸߺŰʿ֮֮£ϵʥѾԶԶĳһʿȻԶʥʿȴҲѾһʿǿ˺ܶˡ
ʿǷ׷׵ͷǳȥĶƵԼǵĳݡǵʵٶһЩ
ңĻǿʼϲˣҲɻȻ᲻ʥ֮ܵ½ˣ·˹ЩСʵ
ʲôʥôô࣬ʥںЩ˵ˣǾʥ˼Ĵǣʥʲô𣿡ΪȻĵ
·˹룬Ҳȷʵ¾ЦٱҸһ
ڳʿǷ׷׾˱ӣֺǺǵĺ˱еơ
һ̵ֱʿǣڣȴԵ˵ǢͺгʿЭͽ͢˿һĻĻҲ֪εĸ롭
һ꣬ǵĳɼǻҽ½֮ڣ³ʡеʡȥˣ˲õ飡ʱҪɵøãڴ̺ʥʿǰ֤ǲһˣ
ЦʿҲЦ
˾о֮ģȻӮĶͬţǾͬţҲҪһߵͣô
˷ܵʿǣ¶һ˿΢Ц
ʡһǰʡʿǣ˻᲻
ǻ᲻ͬѧϰ
һʥϰյӣҲùһ㣬ٲҪ쵣µĻš
Ϣһȥ
ʥ綼Ļܹʥ᲻ࣿ
һʣʥĻӦҲ˸Ļɣ
Ͳ֪ڸʲô׷ɱ֮󣬲ǸǸңգӦڷչԼɣ


375 Ӱ
ͷһ
ʡܿʡķЧ
͢ʿЭᶼ´һҩĿҩʿˣٵ壬ʯܹʿףһЩϡıʯܹӳٵʥ
Щǽ͢ʿЭͲһЩöǶʹõģʹʹõıҲкܶ඼Ըϡ
ÿʡȥԴԽ࣬õĽͻԽ࣬ͬʱڹʹ֮ʥʥʥӶԼʥǵ
ʿҪ顣
ڿһͨȻȥͷص̺ʿͶˡֲǰֻΪЩħ޶ƽѹǸӵ͢ѣ
Ҫնɱħޣ޽Уũ˭
£ҽ½Ϳʼ˺ҵĽɱħ޵Ϊ
ǴսУħǳͷǿʼռݸĵ̣Ȼڣǵĺӵͷˡ
ǿʿŸʿ̺ٵ֧£ɨħ޵ĳѨ
Щ̾ڻҽ½֪ĶħޣѨŲ׵ĲƸ飬ִ̼ʿǵȤ
ܹɨϽأƽǿɵøףܹòٵĸ˲Ƹ˭Ըɣ
ǿĶħޣҲǺһͨʿԿЩʿ֮£ЩħôۻĲƸѸٵĳʵʿǵ
Щ½ϵӶǣҲʼȺӵɨħǵĳѨȻԶԶܶԸЩħޣȻԸͼһħ޻õġ
ܶӶðյĹˣȻȴ˶ɱһħޣħ޵ĳѨҵ˲ٵĲƱҡʯˡ
Щٶȴ̼ҽ½Ĵڵ񾭡
ҽ½ǵ½Ҳʼ
Щħ˵УٲǴųªǴšƸǰ;
ǣҲʼĳЩ˵ע⡣
򡭡ڵýˣǧɽڣʡʿ˰ңһʿѲӡ
ʡȻ³ʡȻعϡʡвһһĴɽɽͷɽḻȻħҲ࣬Ȼɨһ꣬Ҳûȫɨɾ
Էÿ춼һʿǰѲӣڣ𿪲ɵƽȻӵİġ
ԾڿУһʸͬʱ䴩ͷħ޵ͷ­ʱ򣬸ںʿǣ˺ĺȲ
µ˿ǰĸɽڴ˵ѲߣʿȥɽѲһܲײһħ޵ĳѨ
һÿγѲߣɽʿǵţԼɽÿγջ񣬶ӳѨѳĲԼֻȡһɣؿⷿɣʣµĳһɸʿ֣һפʿƽ֣ԶΪҶϰˣҲȥ
Ͼɽڣħ޵̫٣ЩܹһʿĴڣڲע£ʿɽпȴʿɲ̫˺
ʿ˽ɽðգʿΧѲߣѾޱϰߵˡ
οʿ˾ɽɳģḻŰܳԿҴ˾;ԳԲ˿
һȺʿڶԷ֣ףչ
еʥⲻҪǮһĳŷӿȥǵʥӳ֣ʿźܴãʿϣֺܹܳʱı
һŴȻֱӴһ·˹ȥ˲ʧ˵С
λʿ
ʿĽĳţ˵֮ǰЩʿѧԺͳʿֻ÷һòųΪʿĴڵĻôһѾȫ˷
ɫǰðǰ棬ͷָңƲҲáֱϹ١
ολϹٻ³ʡҽ½ϳɼõʡһݹۻٲʥˣ˵ʲôʱ򰲵ʿ˾ͱ˰ʥʿˣԼȺڴߵʿҲʿȥͳһƬ½ǾͱһʡҪǰ;ˡ
ʿǵĿҫУѾС
ʱѾȫϰʿݣʥΪԼԴȪֻչֳʿ
ʹʥһʱ䣬ѾȻԵôª࣬ȻȴҲƵġ
ǾʥģֻҪһʥ֮ôôʹöϵģΪֱԴʥ
ͬʱʥھԣҲɱǳĴһϣҪʤˡ
һɺһʿ֣ûκİĻôӮģʿ
ΪǵǲΪĶġ
ֻŸֶΣֵҩֲĲ࣬ͬʱǵҲֱֱȥʥҪǿöࡣ
ӵԵĻôͬεĶԿУ˵
ɽ֮󣬷ûأֱӳŸɽʡ棬Ҳֻɽвпħ޵ĳѨˡ
һֱɽ֮󣬷µ
Ź۲ΧѰſܵĳѨ
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΢̽һ֮󣬷¶һ˿Цݡ
Ȼеļֻͬһģź嫵ʥһľڱŵĶѨ
һ޴ıը𣬴ʥļֻڷɽѨ֮Ͳǿҵıըħ޵ŭҲͬʱ
һ֮󣬷岢ûͣѸٵĽӽ˶Ѩһ˳ȥ
һͷڳŶѨħޣͷһͷ­ըһԵľ͵ȥ
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ɱħ֮ȻҪѰսƷ
ЩħռĶʵϱ֪ģҪࡣ
вٶҲõģʯҩģÿζǽܹõĽȻʣĲȥָˡ
ֻʵɫÿγʡڽħ֮⣬͵͵ȥʡҲûɻһ㡣
һһĳŶѨȥħ޵ĶѨǳҲǳۣԼıӣŵЩŻζŶѨȥ
һֱ֮󣬷ҵԼҪĶ
ľ塢ҡˡҩݡʯ
Щĵ˵ͷ
нʮͷħ޵ĳѨ֮ḻһħ޳ѨҪöˡ
ԼҪĶȫսδռڣŽеռ׼Щ˳ȥ
ʱüͷ
һĺӰͬҹеѻϢĳ˶ѨϣŻͷųǿʥķͳЦ
ǣȻЦȻѨȴһûУҲǻȻ


376 Ŀ־
һʿʥŨңҵĳӵ֮󣬾пӵʥʿﵹǺõطЩƽʱڳǳʿǣĴɱħأ͵Ϯһ£ͻɫĺΪã
͵ʱδռﹶӲдڵĸɾԵˡ
ȻɫԽĲ԰ףȻ˫ȴԽΣһɫĶϣϢøӵƮ졣
˵֮ǰЩʹֻķݵĻôʱ֮󣬸·Ҳ̫¡
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ʵͬʱѪҲõ˼ǰΪģԸҳΪ֮Ҳֻӵ˲ʵ̫
أֻҪӵһʿôпܽʿʵΪʿӵһʿпܽʿʵΪʥʿӵһʥʿпܽʥʿʵΪʹ
ȻʿٺִʥͼĴڣȻǵȴޱȾ޴ģֻҪʱ䣬еʿĺʱʥͳΣͽ߽⣡
οӵ֮ˣκεȫϢ߽ʥͳΣȵӴʱʥ
Ҫһ㣬Ҳ̫ס
ȻԺʹ⣬ȻʥͳΣĻָÿһʹʹפǣʥ֣ûκεĵֿ
ֻСģѰЩΪ䵥ʿʿǣʹûзֵ½ǱԼĺᣬһһԼʵ
ǵѾʥܶ棬ǰһѾӵĿĸܿϢ
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Ը͵͵ĶȹʹĶĿĵϡ
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ϵʿǣΪ˹Ĵ̶һµʱڣѾ½ϳЩʿǶԼĺᡣ
һʡֻҪһԼĺᣬôζ޵Ŀܡ
ȥһʡȻԼĺһ˳䵥ΪԼĺᣬôܹѩһģγӴ
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Ժʹǿ
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ʥ磬һһ㷢չԼĽôʿٺִ¶Լĺᣬ²һһ߽ʥͳΡ
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뵽һ㣬ԽԽ£Ҫ˵Ҳǵ죬侲ǵۣȻҲһʥεôãŪôһ
Ȼʱȴʼλʿûʧ
λβǿ׳ʿŹָȴͻȻЦ
û뵽ʮûĽǺܿ찡
Ϥǻ˻ꡣ
㡭Ƿ
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Ҫǻδ֪ǿܵĵط治ҶԸ޽䱸ʥ磬ʥ˵ȫ֪ȫܣǿͲܲҪʥķɲǺʲô⡣
һǷͺãôʥûзʲô
µĵû뵽Ȼʥ磬ʿһʥޱȣôģ
΢΢ЦЦȻԸ˵ʵһ֮˵ʥֻҪ˽еص㣬ܹģϾЩǳԻ֮еķʽͬԴȴһġ
ԷҲֻǽԼõĳʥĴе˵˳ͬʱҲ˵Լֻʥһ£ǿԼļʶ
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ڷѣǿȻҲǺ¡
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Щڶ࣬ռɽİ˳ɻ࣬ȴֲ˹עⷽ͵͵£Ȼȴʤȴ
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ȻʹǸ߸ϣʥʿ´̺ͲгȥһЩϧϵʱǻ᲻
ʱ棬һЩ͵ܹʹʥʿ̺Ͳгһ֣ͬʹҲûʲôֿ±Լĺᡣ
Ǹʱ򡭡ɳʲôʵ
ЩɺʹǣƷʥͳΣʲô⣡
Ǹı֮ӣΪ˸ıʥġ
΢ЦԼͬʱҪģͨθıʥڵ
ĬĬĵ˵ͷԽǿԼԽĸоʥǶôɲ⡣
Լӵеʥ£ӵеԶԶǰΪһͨʹܹģʥǱжôǿ
ΪʥҪ׽ŻᷴȻԽǷļᶨԽǻֲ̿
ʥһԴʥĴ裬Լ޷½ϵĻʥԼܸʲô


377 뿪ʥ
ں̶ܴԴʥ
ȻѾŻӵ˸ҵ֮յδ֮Լİ֮֮ѪΪγڵѪΪʳʵͬʱܹԼĺᣬ˳Ҳʵ˵ӵеѾȫĵ߸ʥɡ
ȻϣԴʥ
ҪԳһɣкܶؼĵطҪǡ
ȻȥӵʥʼڻҲԴʥ
ʥã˭ȵʥ
ǽԼһУ¸ı䣬пսʤʥ
ҲҪһԼúõĥһǰķ򡣡
̾ϢһⷽûʲôĽĻ齨ٴҲܻʥ
˵¶˳صɫҵЩᡭҲӵкǿǵʥҪҵʱǺ޵ֿľͱʥɱˣҲصޣ
룬Ǿ͸ˡЦ
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ȥĶʡ
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ĴأȻ֮ϵǿԼ˵ĴѲȴץЦ
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͸ͬǣҪ飬ͼ򵥵öˡ
˵֮󣬸ҵҲҪ֮ǰҪǿԼʵȻսҲ͵Ϯ˲λ񣬽ǵΪãڣֻҪϵлȥܹϵ
ĹҲ粻ͬ
ҳɳ㹻ǿʵֱܹսĻܹΪµ
ӵеѾ൱ˣܹϵԼʵ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ķ
ȻҲһǳḶ́Ȼ˵ܶڶԹۡҳɹˣôȻһΪµ񣬿ǣҲܹѧϰķ
ΪҵɽĴеģϸһ֮ǲʲô⡣
ԭܼ򵥣Ȼӵǿѧһֲܿ飬Ȼʵأ
˲һӵķҲ̫ࡣ
˵ǱǼ޵ġ
οںɽԵУ練õĴڡ
ΪǲҪѹƽҲҪռ̫ԴҪֻѪĴУȫܹԵֵĻȥ
һֱɽ˺ȻжԣȴҲûʲôޡ
Ҫģֻĵطѡ
ڽһ᲻ҰġҲǽ顣
٣Ȼ͸ԸңȴûʲôС
Ⱥ飬ֻѣΣ
ǶƽĹûʲôȻеĵȥѹƽ񣬾ҪƽΪǷҲḳƽӦⷽ˵ǺɽǷǳƵģԼʵҲֻһĿѡ
ҽȥ磬ʲôΣգҲ԰һ¡΢Ц
Ҫô뿪һ֮
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գ۾룬Ȼ˵ͷ˵õҲʮʥʹûһǧҲа˰ٸʥҲҵˣҪɵЩʿǵϣҪϸп¶ݣҪôһͻǵĻˣֻȥδ֪ǿץңҵЩᣬҲͰȫˡ
뵽͵˵ͷʹĵãô졭һʿӦòҴġ
ʿʥģһ£һʵӽʥʿʿȫһܾפصʹ𣿡
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һ䣬ŹԼȫʥһ˲ȫ˳
ʥһ˲ȫ˹֮ϣŷ֣Ǹļͷͬһһ㣬ҫ貵Ĺâ
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һ춯صıըֱ֧֮ӴԽɽͷɽͷըһͿȻֱӷգ
ԶѲߵʿǶסˣ̧ͷĿ֧ϰʿ˺ѷεĺǰҴ˵ļʿˣ
ԶԶĴŰ͵˹ʿѸٵĴ˳
ȻǶˡ
Ǹϵɽеʱڿеʹüͷŵ档
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ѪʥŰסˡ
ǵģʥ׼ʡʲôıȴñʿ֣ӵʹʵȻǰܹԿġ
ʿȻǵʹʱкȻȷʵǿʿ
ϧǣʿʹ֮޴Ĳ࡭
һƬ½ǣĶġʿֵýֻһ㣬˵˸һʹ̾Ϣ
ҲΣʱ̣ʿޱȾ޴һҲʥʿˣϧ飬Ҳ˶ãʿܳΪʹһӣһʹһϧ

˹ҧȻʹȥʹˣҴ̫ԩˣ
İɣѾٶ֪ͨ·պͼӰλˣȻ¶˺ۼǾһŹʹ
ǶΪΰʿҵȥĵʱδռڼŵĸڶԷԹ
˵䣬ôк
Ļǡôй¶ԼϢʵ
ָʵòʹֲ´ķЦǾ屾ƾȫ壬ʥ磬Ҳϧ
ʥãѾȫ˽ˣֻҪԸ⣬ԽԼҲתΪʥ
ϣʼðǿҵʥ⣬ֻ򣬴ıð˳ɢʥϢ
㡭һûʥĴ裬Ķôǿʥ⣿
ʥ⣬Ҳһֻ֣ҪĹ죬Ҫ̫ѵ顣
ĶԸգգ۾ԣʵǲҪʥĴ裬Ҳܹӵʥء
۾


378 ǰ
δռһɱǷǸ뿪ʥ綼Եúɡ
뿪ʥʱ򣬸ð˳Ȼֻӽδ֪ռ䣬Ȼ·׷ɱ˳ٶȲֻĿŸʧδ֪ǿС
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սʱ򣬸ˮ㣬ʵŪ˲ʹǵʥս֮󣬹飬νעʿһĴϣһ飬˵汻Ūõײ˿á
ڱһʿԼ˸ļƻʹҲʥǲ
ȻˣôغŻٸҲˡ
ʥҲϢһʱ䣬Ĵ߻ָԭı£ҲûǱ
˸ʵͨ˵ѪҺԸһöûУҲֻʥЩʵǿʿʹǲҪյĴڣֻҪʥ磬һ·ҲȵĳԶ
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粻һǣǶҲźܴ
ȻȴҪϵΪʲôҪ
򣬾Ǳϡ
粢һһɵġ
磬һƬޱߵĴء
򣬻ΪصһӣصĿС
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ļ֡
ڴϸ㡢Եƽǣ֮࣬źֱнҫĴѰ
¡¡Щֱжģ֮µǿս
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ԷҪȥҸҡ
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ҪѰҵһѣΪӵδ֮ĸҿûֻĴѲӣбʱһƬϸѰüθҶϵõܡ
ȻʱƣҵҲԽԽǿĴûһλͳ죬ǲȥѰҵģλȥҸңȫǸȥʳġ
ȴһԴĸ˽˱˴˵֮Ȼӵ˲ͬδռ䣬Ȼ֮䣬ǻЩһЩϵġ
Ϊ˲ĴϾΪһˣ籾һΣյ顪磬ʼԼİ档
ܹԼĲҶʲôطȻȴֻܹһһȥ
ȷ˸ҶʲôطʱҲֻܸ̾ҵĵȷʵͦġ
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Щм䣬һҲ
ʼԼĽţ硣
һһǰ֮ŵ
Ȼͨƽ񣬾ȥҲȫ޷ȻһһŰƥ˹ɽǰʱȴʼоһ˿˿ʼһһĽ뷽ڿһڣһһ塣
ȻĻ£ڵ࣬Ҳһ֮ʼͣȻȴ÷㹻ʱȥԡ
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һʥֲһʥʿʹʱӲʥһ壬ǻ𲽵İƽɺӽ塣
磬ûͨڱϸ֮󣬱λģȻλҲ͵ȵĴڣȴʵʵڵĸɹˡ
ϾҲҪѪҺġ
һ·θԼģһ·˰ƥ˹ɽ
Ҫȥĺļʶһ¡
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ɽ磬ûиϵĳͻɽʥ磬ԼɽͷĹϵһ
ңƺҲǸıΨһһпѸȨĴڡ


379 
飬·
һ·߹ȥĴ󲿷ò
ĵ棬һƬӴޱȵ½أԽĵشȥͻԽߡ
ĵĵطȻǰƥ˹ɽ˾סĵط
ԼĽţһһ֮߳ͨ·ǵƥ˹ɽµʱ򣬾лΪ顣
һԭʼģӵ硣
ܶƽһƤһ鲽ĳŰƥ˹ɽȥ
һ·ϣĥǵ壬𽥵ıǿ
ʸ񵽴ƥ˹ɽµģǿ׳¸ҡˣǾˣ˰ƥ˹ɽ֮󣬶ӵūʵȻһܹӵͬݣȴܹӵʵ
ıѩеطӦǺ˴ȥģȻ࣬ȴڱѩ֮£Լĵط
޾ĵػñѩ֮µĵصůǾ档
ڵϣʿչԼĵطǺҰ޲ҪԼı˰
ǵı˰ǳΪһӡ
Խ˽ö࣬ͿʼԽ㹻ľ⡣
Ȼ;ǿȻмвˣֵ𾴵ġ
糤;ʱ䣬ڿֱʵİƥ˹ɽ
ɽڵĵطɽĵطɽţĵط
ƥ˹ɽԲʮ֮ڣλλλĵطƽֻܴﵽԵ֮
ܹﵽԵ֮ζӵ˳Ϊһֵʵͣȴǵѡ
ɽ֣ʵ϶ƽǵû̫Ӱ졣
ɽս֮ϣȻвٵˣ֮壬ȴúܶԭūʹǣлΪµ顣
ھĳطǿԼȴŶս
ǳսʼʱָıʱ
ôӵԼķʽ紫ǣӵµʽ
˸ңôͬӵиҵǵʽɻı䡣
ҲΪԭ򣬸ܵĵӣûô
ɴ۸ӣܶǿֻϹͳ죬ȴӵǿ
Ǹһͳ磬Ƕ̫Ӱ졣
˵ǶӵǿҪ飬ֻҪܾˣԶԺܶ飬Ƕò롣
ȻʥڶԿɽ磬Ҳٺɽͻ
ɽ̬Ҳ΢
ǵжԵģһӹɣÿսɽ֣ʧȴ̫
֮ǰսڶʥͷʱɽ綼úףʥʹһɥ󶥼ʹն䣬Ҳ˲ӦɽҲвٺ
ںĶԿУȥ˲һǧ飬ʧʥİٷ֮һ
мĹϵ൱΢ġ
ԭܼ򵥣ɽ磬ûиϵĳͻ
ʥͬĵطǾ粻̫Ҫƽ֮ȻһǴƽвģȴֻռ˼Сһ֣籾׳֮໥ͨ飬µǾ㹻ˡ
ʥͷȴһ
ʥĻƽͽĶ٣ȷʥʵǿ
Ȼûʥô֮Ҫһһ
ɽǵĳͻҲԴڴˡ
ɽˣƽ
Ȼ󲿷ֵ˶ƽҲôأǱϾԼȺǲ̫ƽȴҲȥ۸ǡ
ҪԴʯҩġʯⶼٲ˵ģҪЩ⿿ԼȥҵĻ˷Ѷʱ䣿
ɽ磬ͥĴڣΪ˴л㹻Դ
ЩԴмһ֣ͨǰھͿɵġ
ɽҪӻ񣬲ܹάԴԴϵġ
ҪǰĵȻΪǷ
һͨϣϰ֮࣬ǰǿɸԴɽ粻ȱԴȱǽЩԴɳ֡
˺֮䣬ȻҲѹͱΪڴϣϰԱ֮ĹϵѹøãǲŻõİˡ
ʥͷأҪԴ̫࣬Ҫ˿ǡ
Ժʥ֮ĹϵܺõȥȻǵжԵġ
ⷽ棬ûʲôԺɽ֮ĹϵҲǱȽϻ͵ġ
ѡ͸պһ㡣
Ѫյδ֮ǻʥͷ췭ظĸı䣬Ҫѹƽ֮Ĵڡ
ͨѪܹǿԼôҪøֶƽǶʥ־η뿪صĸʥ
ֻҪƽ񹻶࣬ÿѪĺˣ£ֻƽǺúõøӵĿĺ졭
ʽһһۻ֮⣬ÿһҪܹ֮ǿ
յδ֮ǿԽδһһĵԼϣǸʱ򣬶󣬾ͻٺܶˡ
˵ˣЩıȻûб仯ʽϵı仯ȴܴ
˵˺֮Ĺϵϰ͹Ա֮ĹϵôӺͷƽʥʥƽ֮Ĺϵūū֮Ĺϵ
ǰߵȻȺ߸á
ڰƥ˹ɽɽıԵס
ܹƽ񣬶ڱԵס
ܹﵽ֤ǶʿǿǡľʢĶ־ѡūͻǻ飬ֻЩм
ϰ˼˵ֻͨѩؿģĺú
Ҳֵһúһ㡣
ɽµĵһ죬ͳֿȭĴһͷܣͷӪʱӪ˾ͼĽ
һ·İ棬ڵһһĸ壬ļøӵǿøӵǿ׳
ںХĺУһͬţǺĴЦƾѩײǵţȺӵѩ룬ȥɱЩ׺ݵҰޡ
ϿĻ£ǳɫǡ
ڰƥ˹ɽӪֹǧڣһԴԴϵڼС
粻ܺʲôطսǸͲںֻҪһǾܹ֯һ֧ǿľӡ
綼Ȼͬ֯ʽ
ǵ֯ңЩ˵ľӣ˵ǵ˽Խǿ飬Խӵиǿľӡ
ǲӵǿɢˣǵҲܹ޴ĲƸ
кܶǿڻս֮󣬾ܹΪµ顣
綼ûʲôãÿս֮綼Ὣս磬Ȼ½ϣȴĳ˶ǿ
˵ʥһ߶ȼȨĴһͳңɽһĻô磬һɢĲˣǸΪֻʱ򣬲Żһ𣬱ǿ
ĹֻҪǿܹôܹȡĵλ齨ԼǿĲ䡣
Ҫģ顣
ǲ˽ԹһС


380 ǵ˼
½Ǻܶӵġ
к紵գѩ㣬½ڱѩ֮ϣһƽǾסڵصµģܹṩ㹻ʡ
ֻǿ׳ƽ񣬲ܹͨ½ΧΧڣм䣬̭˺ܶˣǶֲ֧ȥʱص˵ص硣
û˻ᳰЦǣֻΪǸеź
ÿ½˵飬;̭ҲԹ
½֮ϣҲġ
ƥ˹ɽ
ĺģﲢûбѩ̲ůƥ˹ɽ˵һɽ˵һС磬СһɽȻһЩ
ɽĳһһƬޱ޼ʵĴ󺣡ɽд󺣣Ȼޱ飬Ƕ˵ȴǺ顣
ΪպľסأΪʢ֮һ֮ĴڣɽһƬʲô
ɽǾסĵطǾɫ廨ţÿԼϰ߲Լأƥ˹ɽһɽ
ɽ缸ʢѵõľۼһЩ顣
˹˹ǲޡ¶
ЩǾۼһ𣬵Ȼļҳ
飬Ҳ֪Ҫλ÷սΪ֮ĴڣȻҲô⡣
Ҫս񣬺ʲôϵ
˹һӢˣƣ˭ǶǵǵҲûȥ񡣡
˹Ļʵ󲿷뷨֮ǰ˵һɢĲˣͲ˲ͬǣÿ˵ǹ̶ģҲܰ˹ǵĵλҲȡĵλ
ϺЩǱ̫࣬ȴĳɳԣ
˵ڲǰжһҵ˸ҵټӵδ֪ռڣж׷ȥ֮һսܾˡ
ұֻλȴܹλǿжܾˣ֤ĽжôĴ
οжλ˵ôصˣû޷ȫָģأ
ֻһ֮󣬸ҾٴγıԵѶȥжһ֧λʮλɵСӣ¾һգ壬Ҹһɸɾ
ڵĹؼǣøûа취ȻָͷҾͻȻǿҲҪҵ֣ܹʩչ
˹΢Цһɫ԰׵Ӣӣƺղһ㡣
ôҽܿ죬ҪҡλãԶǲ޺Ȥĵ
û˶ԸҵʵȤ𣿡˹Цһ䡣
˶Ȥ߰ĵȻ͸Ҿ֮ǰ˶֪ҵôʵġ
ôǲáӦýʱ𣿡˹ЦڿܵķΧڣһЩø죬Ļ֮սͻӵǰ
˭֪
˹ĵ͹˹֮Ĺϵһֱ̫ãʱȻĵ𣬿ûҪģǸһȡʤʵķǶֻ֪һ㣬ҲкôģǺ罻ֵʱܵ˺ҪĶȥҸң
ǵģ˭ҲҵҲһʱܰɣϾҲ֪Ƕ⻹Ƕ⡣¶˵ͷǿɲܴĵȥҡ
Ҽǵáڰ¶Χɣ˹Ц
ȷʵôأʱֻһͷͨľǶѣʱ֪ʲôҡ¶ҡͷ
Ҳ̾Ϣҵȷʵһ漣ֻǰ¶ϽһͷͨѩԭǣȴĪĻǿȻūͣһ֧ʹ֮󣬳ɹı顪֮ǰĸпȥһۣ
עһ°ɡ֮ǰսвλλˣǵ鲼أҲһЩһ⣬Ƕעһ£һټǵ̬ȣܲŰɡ˹Щεĵ
Щ˵˭ǲںȻԸҵܹķǵǺĵġ
ϾںɽսУԽĸоǵǿ˵֮ǰ˵ֻǺЩһˮƽϵĻô֮ǰսʱЩչֳƣѾ𲽵ĳԽǵ
Ͼÿ춼һһĻԼأﵽԼ۷ʱǾͲκεĽ
ȻҪǲܵģȴܹϣԼѹЩͬĶ֡
ЩǵĵľڽսУռƵǻ᲻ɵǡӵƳԺյĵλɲȥ
һЩ֮󲻻еľ϶ǣֻҪһ֣ܹʱһһԼʵǾˡ
ܹסǵ
ǵ뷨񱣳˳Ĭ
⼸һֱѰŸҵӰȻʼȴûҵ
ʵĴѰҸң޷ҵ
ֻӵߵѣ棬ûʲôơ
ֻĵŸǿȻԼǰ
ȻĻ۵飬Ҳġ
ҲͲȵǿ֮Լǰ
ʱҲܳȻʱһЩʲô⡣
ȻðգȻĻɻܴΪӵߵ
ı֮ӡΪ˭ı䣬ǻһء
뷨֮£˶ԸҵѰ翪ʼƽ˶֪ƽ棬̺ŵޱߵɱ⡣
ҿʼĳʱĸı䣬ͽĿʼ
Ȼһкڵķûʲôϵ
²ĺһȺʶһ׼ǰȥðա
ðյĵطӪص㿿һɽȡ
˵һλ֮ź
ѰҵλźܹΪһֱ֣ūͺʹļ
粢ʲôܣźĵص㣬綼ûбܣֻҪҵźǿɲ׵顣
٣źѾ˺üʱˣصе˶֪Ȼڣȴû˵õź
ƽһֻһλ԰ǰƥ˹ɽ;̭ģлᣬƥ˹ɽƽһҲֻһλȥѰźȡԼΪһ֡
һӪһӪصĳȥңڣֵ˷ڵӪء
ǳɣ˭ҵĺǣΪµĻǵðӪֵǶеԼµˣӵ
ڳʱһź
ͬƤһͭɫļⱩ¶ڷѩеĴͬʱЦҲһǱˣĳӪصһȥѰ麡ǣѰҵˣΪµĻôͻ˳ΪԼūͻʹҲ
һӪصһͬҲ໥֮°ӳȣϾֻҪһ˳ɹˣӪص˶ܹԼĿģ
ҲиŴЦ¶ѩ׵ݡ
ĺǡ֪ԼûĻᰡԼĳµ飬ǶԽŲСİġ


381 
ڷǰŵģһƬ޴ɽ
Ƭɽǰƥ˹ɽ磬ߴɽȱȽǣڰƥ˹ɽɽǳĶִܹ࣬ƥ˹ɽ񣬶Щɽг˲ٵĿͷ
ΪԽЩվɽǲŻпӵʸ񡪡㸶Խ࣬õģпԽǷ
ƬɽУһɽȡ⴦ɽҲǷǳľ޴󣬵ȻɽͲʲôˡ
񰲾վɽ⣬ȴɽȿһɲǡ
Ȼ˵ϵȽϼªȻҲһϵģѡΪµĻϣҲǷǳصġ
Ƶźĵص㣬ÿ¿һΣÿζ룬еĳ˻źΪµĻôˣΪµʹ͡ū
³򵥵öˣǳɳԼ۷ʱĸĸͻὫԼµһַȻһȥձµ䡣
һµ鵮һµ岿֡
չģάġ
ھɽȿŻһʱʱ䣬˶ڰĵȴš
ûг˶ĻҲɽԼһ̵ֵǻӵлΪǵˣѡµˣҲϲѡ
ΪǱӵǿǱɲĴڣ̫ܵʧ
Բμðջڴ飬һܴ³ȴҲڴ˿̰ڴɽȿŵʱ
ҲվȺУϴ˷ܵЦݡ
֪Լû塪˵⴦ɽŵһλźλ񣬺ɽͬһĴڡ
ʥͲһˣʥ緽ȻǿʥȻǱϾֻһʥʿµʥž޴Ĳֻ࣬ǸһЩ
أλźȫĻܹλǷôòŴﵽ
Ҳֻ磬ܹѸٵһǿĸֳȻ֮ǰһĸ֡
ɽȵʱ䵽˵ʱɽŵͱѩʼɢȥ
˷˾̾һƬǿʥϢɽȣɽڰѩӨȻȴ˿˿
һ̩̹ź֮
š
иָģжµóʹ׵飬֮⣬ָ鶼У˪˾еһ֣óѩ
̩̹飬һ壬Ÿߴǿ˵飡
ƬɽڵģȻһλǿ̩̹λ
սȻ鲻࣬ȴҲʧС̾Ϣ
ʱΪ׵һĸߴ
ֵǣǿԽȥˡ˵ȥ֮ÿ˿ľɫ鶼᲻һԴŬȡǳΪµµˣ
ͬʱӦһȻ󺺵£ƺƵĽɽȡ
һɽȵĽ̤ɽȵһ˲ʧˣû˾ʲôԵġӦˣ
һһɽȣȻһһʧɽȱͺܴһ˸Ͳʲôֻ˴֮俴ԷҲ緽ֶΡ
֣Ƶֶ綼Уϡ
Ҳ̤ɽȡ
ǰһ׹⣬Ȼ֣ԼһƬƽ̹ɽ֮С
ɽֻһˣȥȴƺޱ޼һ㡣
ɽضǰѩͷһ̵ֱͷƽ羵һƺʲôûУɽȵܣϡϡźѩ㣬ƺҪѹһ㡣
ûκεơ
磬ǰƥ˹ɽΧǿ顣
壬ʥһģֻǽԼ˼άʶ棬ı壬δռڰĴš
ڵķϣû̫𣬳Σյʱ˲ԼȫָܹǸ˷ʵ
ȻΧôǿڵ£ԼǾ
ƥ˹ɽĹУһͨĳ;棬ýĵ棬ڣҲһʼɽѰ
ǰ˼֮һͻȻ
һֻ;޴ɽèϢĴһȻŷ˹ȥ
ͬһ
ͭɫļ¡𣬷ӭͷɽèԼǿ׳ĸ첲Ķסɽèʺ
ɽèצӿʼҪ˺ȻѾɽèʺĹסȻһ첲ڵɽèĲӲֶˣ
ɽè尲ɽè׵һߣӭ˽˹һͷӡ
һͷһͷޣڿͻȻһһͷһͷ˷
ͬһҰһ㣬ֿȭĿʼЩ޲
ִ󣬳ֺݣÿβں䣬ڵͻһһɢľ½
Ͽʼ𽥵˺ۣȴ˿ˣֻǶѪ˺ۣץһѪ˿Ĩһ£ʱֹסѪͼſʼ˺޵Ĳ
ǿ顣
̩̹нɫ飬Ҳͣη飬ֻڳ·ϣᵹڳ˵·ϡ
⴦ɽȵĿ飬ǿս
ʵʵĽһҲʲôˮ
ĿУܹɱͷޣͻڿ֮ӦɱԽ࣬õӦͻԽ
ܹƥ˹ɽµȻȱȻܹʱ䣬Ҳֻһѡ
ܹһڻɱޣһֱǰģܹõĽ͡
ܹһ֮ڻɱͷҰޣ־ᶨսȦӣֻӭͷϵǿսʿܹյ鴫У
֮ǰսʿҲͣȻԴԴϵģһͷһͷð޵ʱҲġ
ǻῼԼɱһ㣬ͻɱһʱôǾͻԶʧȥôеĻᡣ
ӵǿĶ־ͷһսҲҪǱͲɱ
һ֮ڻɱͷҰޣ˺ηԽɱԽ֮⣬Ҫʱڻɱֵܹһ֮ɻɱһͷҰ޵ָ꣡
ϾЩޣɽǿĴڣܹһͷһͷĻɱȥڻƽ˵ѾǺ˲ˣοҪɱ죬Чʣ
ǡþӵ
ʱѾԼȫϰݵսʽǾڿ˵ʱ򣬲ȥ˼κζӭѶϣһֱ赲ԼĴڷ˵
ҪսǾȥսɣɽҿˮϣһǰһֱﵽĿΪֹ
ڳ;ĹУкܶ࿪ʼǱڣʱ򣬿ʼһļøӵǿ
Ƿƾģÿʿÿˣ֪Ӧʺ
ȻҪԼǧǿĵزһѵ飬Ȼһ߲壬ȴѡ
Ϊ壬ľ޾֮ǰЩѸٵĽ壬ϵĻɱȥ


382 
һͷһͷһͷ
ͬһܾܵɳ©һ㣬ֿȭģٶȣһͷһͷĻɱԴԴϳֵޡ
ҲǺܾûսˣں͸ҵսͻƣ֮֮ûֻǴԼıս
սѾȫֳԵĻУһһʽʼĽǶȳٵս
޳֣Ȼ󲻶ϵڷĹ֮ʧϵ˿ڣȻڲϵ࣬Ȼ˿ڵƵʣȴڲϵļ١
սʹ졣
ȻֻڲɱһЩԶԼޣȻսȴ÷սܣʼԽǿ
Ҳ֪˶áûȥʱ䣬ҲûмԼɱ˶ͷޡڷһͷͻӲ˺֮󣬽ҲûгҰޡ
Ŵӳо˹˿ϣѾһ˵壬ơ
ǴӲϵĲɱƣþɳĺܹӵеơ
۾һС
ܿģ۾
ΪˣһǿϢǰ𲽵Ŀʼγɡ
ȻͿˣһ߾޴ޱȵʬ壬ǰ
ʬߴޱȣаɸ£ȻѾʧȥκεϢȻȴĿȫɢһϹźĵĸо
֪һ̩̹塣
˵磬ֵ飬̩̹顣
Щ;ǿأͶ֮䣬ܹǳ
סİƥ˹ɽһǿ̩̹ģ½ĻҲ̩̹ġ
治
ֹһֻʶһ£Ȼһλ塭ԼܹսȥĻȻԼﵽܼȴ۷ΣޱȳĻۣ
ĴɾĴڣ۷ʱ򣬿ҲûԼֲĻۣ
ڵĻԽ࣬ʵҲԽǿ
Ȼڸ͸ӦԶԶĳ˷۷ʵֱﵽʹλʵȴһҲԼᱻǱȥ
ʱԽܹ࣬õҲԽǿ󡪡һ㣬Ƿǳ϶ġ
Ȼһֺðյ
ʵ϶˵۷ʱڵĻۣһ󿲡
ϾʱĻۣǶɽչؾܹģҪ£Ķ
УȴǷǳΣյġ
ԶɽЩԼ۷˵Ƕ׼
ûΣյʱȻǼȥΣյʱԼʵõܱԩʱҪõöࡣ
أɽӹһܹʥͷĴڡ͸˵ĽУӵǵһصǰݣҲܹЩ
£׶εĻۣʼоա
ʥȻӴ󣬿û˻Աûȥͨڽôϸļأһ㣬ͨ˿ʼʥΪһʿڣֻ˳ΪһµĻᣡ
ǰ׼˺ܺõá
⡣
ǰʼһһĴԵشе˰ƥ˹ɽ⣬һ·ɱ˲ٵޣȹ˲ٵȻڰƥ˹ɽסһʱ䡭
粻֪ж٣飬Ҳ鲻ʲô
֮ǰĿУıҲȷʵɫַս״̬޹ǵӲӲӲһ컹ûе£ͻɱһͷҰޣӵ˻λеĻᣡ
ڣ̲ǿ壬ǰ
ȴ̫֪Ӧôֻּ֪̳еʽӦνУȴһ㶼ס
ҲõģΪܿģָ˾ˡ
Ƭɽϣһ޴ӰѸٵĳɽ֮ϣλϣһ˿ο
Զ񿴵һĻʱͬʱ¶Ľɫ
ص㣬ֻ֤һ¡ǾεУ˻λλźĴУ
ζţ磬һλ
ڷǰǾ߾޴ź֪ʱһһ
ϲѾλ˹źҲ̩̹һˣ
ЩãȻĿǰֵλͬߴ飬ɵĵҡͨ𣿡
ĸߴ¶һɷһЦݣˡʲô֣
˹˵Լõ֡
˵ͷ˹Ҫǣ˹̩̹¸ҵսʿϧ֮ǰսУˣ̳֮󣬼ǵҲҪ̳¸ҺֱҪ̩̹ӣ
ߴ鿪ʼ߶߶Ľ˹һЩ¼߷˹Ƕô¸ңôֱô͡
òƴֺȴʵһӵ齲аʱűͣĵ˹ܹͨ飬Ѿ֤¸ҺĽ̶ܳȣڣֻҪ˫ַ˹ͷܹԴԴϵĻӴȻܹܶ٣Ϳıˡ
˵ͷȻ˹ȥ
˹ݣĺһڣȻԼ˫֣˹ͷ
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鿴һĻ֪ܹܶ
Ȼ˵ͨ˿飬һ˵ͨƽܹΪλȻ˹Ͼλ񣡶һλ涼ǿ̩̹飡
˹Ȼˣź̺ɱһͨλǿ˲֪ٱ֮ǰִУλźܹϰλλȻʵҲʧģϾһλϰٸλҪõöˡ
ʵһͨƽǺȫһλеġ
ӿ֣ɫҲһЩ΢΢ı仯
һʼӿ뷽ڵʱ򣬲̫ӿϾĴУҪһӾͰѼ̳ƽű
ȻϽ뷽֮ЩʼоԣһҪǿöࡣ
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һﲻŶ־Ҳĥ㹻ǿ֪ܹܽܶﵽµλеλϵλأµλ񣿡
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Ȼ˹ź֫ʼСʱͳԾ۾
źֻҪʱ򣬲пܻ᲻ϵС
˹ǲŸո䣬ڵģƺֻ˵һ¡ǾǷѾҪȫĽ˹ˣ
鼸Լ۾Ȼʵȴǣ˹ԽԽС壬ȴʼԽԽ󡭡
̩̹鲻һǷǿ󣬺ǵйء
ֻһɵͨˣվ˹ͷ⣬ֻ˹ͷߴ󣬶ڣȴѾޱȵĸߴ˹ڲϵС
ȻĴУ龪롣


383 µλ
۾ʱߣѾ࣬Ҫ߳ôһ㡣
˹ԭɸµźѾˮΪ˺ƽ˲ߣѾȫɢֻһС֣ʬѡ
ϲҲаˡ
˹ϲ㣬ѾɹĳΪλһӣҲΪ̩̹һӣѡӣעһֵھˣڵʵӵʮӣǧʹͺǧūһ֮󣬼ǵȥƥ˹ɽԼľ
˵ͷ˿ڣž޴Ǻ
˹һЩʹУҲͬʱԺԼʹԼ
ǻۡ
޴Ļۡ
һ۷λȫۣĻۣ÷۷ĻϣԽеˣ
ʥûĸܹӵĻۣص㣬ܹӵıԴѧҲѧȥǺȫһ
ȻͬԴھϣȴȫһġ
ʱɽȣѾʧˣƽǣĿɿڴĿվɽԭַ߹ɣޱȵķ
˵ԭһλļ̳СԸ⣬ԶΪҵӡߴ˹ޱȵϡ
ûκεķͬʱԷȥ׳Լҳϡ
̧֣ǿð˳Ȼ仯ʵһ˰Χм䡣
ʼɿĽǵڣ֮ǰгɼõģյ͸һЩɼģһЩ
һȫԼ֮󣬷ǣӪĵص㡣
ĳ֣е񶼷ˡ̳һλλµ飬ҪǴʹͺū
ȻҪһȥѡЩμӹѡ˾ˣ֮ǰһһһͬΪԼӡ
ǧʹͣǧūı׼á
Ҫȥˣţȵڰƥ˹ɽԼľٰǴȥƥ˹ɽ
ôһ仰֮󣬷뿪ˣֻ˻ϲصǡ
Էжʼ֣ʵϲҪ˷ʲôǵЩӣʵϾ͵ǵ˽
һʹĸʮūʮһСӣǧСӡ
ЩСУʹͷģƽʱڰƥ˹ɽϣսʼʱ򣬾֮³
ƽʱǺеģֻżҪΪ񡪡ǷʳɨǶô˵ⶼǺС顣
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Ϊλڰƥ˹ɽΧӵԼһƬפء
̳˹£磬ҲѾˡ
Ȼε棬λǵ嵵ǶôעĿȻǰͲ̫ࡪһλʮҪһЩҲǧˣܹҲô˶ѡ
飬
λ磬ѾǷǳҪĴˣ֮ǰԴ֮ʱ򣬸ģҲһλѡ
ȻҪǣ֮ǰ鲢࣬󲿷ֶλλ֮ǵĴкܹһԵȫÿһλλͻһӶܶλ
Ȼ֮ͨĻʲôģλλڲϵӣȴλҪ
Դôˣ˳˯ģȴûһģλһλûС
ڣļ˹ȫ̳綼ž޴˹Ϊµλ񡪡磬ȻҲһš
һ·ϣǶƵĳͷȻͨƽ񲻻ѹȴҲǶͬĴڣȴɱһ𾴡
һ·ϸкܶߴǰͷļ˹ӵԭܼ򵥣Ҳ̩̹塭
һ·ˣȻһ·˰ƥ˹ɽ
֮ǰֻԶԶĿţֻڵϰƥ˹ɽ֮󣬷ܹĵĵطһôΰĴڡ
һ޴ɽȻƥ˹ɽססǧ飬ȻЩ飬ȴĺģ
ǿǿǿ񡭡
Ȼβûм
ж˹
̩̹壬ǹ˹ģķ಻٣̩̹˪ˡڤ񡢺񡭡ÿ壬һƹܣȻ֮µĴڣȴҲкܴĶԡ
˹ûжԷ˵ʲôȻ̩̹µ˹µλ񶼲֪ж٣Ȼһλжô࿴
˹չֳԼɣڶϵĽ֮󣬴һģŸڰƥ˹ɽµĶĶĶµפء
ƬפأҲ˹סĵط˹֮ƬطͿճˣ̳˹ȻסҲõġ
˹ģ֮ǿҲûзԼʲô⣬Լȥֻʲôأ
ڰƥ˹ɽסһӣҲƺһѡء
Ȼ磬Ȼͼ֮ϵȴûн׶ΣȻ֪ȴܹоʱúܺãûʲôΣգҲܹоҲúܺãûʲôΣա
ڼҲΪ˽ܼʱʼۣɳڲϱչԼʵ֮⣬ֺǵѾͷˣɼǵļڣعĿ˵Ҫһ㣬ѾͻƵ˼ڲϵҪݻԼʬˣĿԣ̫
£ɵʵ棬ĵӱȻɳȥµļ壬Ϊµɣһһչɵ
ôãʥһ࣬ҲˣŵĿʱ仹жʮ꣬ÿһ춼˷ѡ
ڵĻۣΪ˽õͻơ
Ҳвٺöģʥһ
ʥʱԼһʡ߹ߵݣ˲ٵĺöЩͨʦԴԴϵͻУɵԴġ
磬ԼλݣҪŪһЩԴȻǸ顣
ǶԴĲֻ̫һ˶ԴȤҪĿʯѣĶǼȥá
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ǲõĶ˶٣
ԼֻҪСһ㣬ɾܹԴԴϵԴɵʼϵķٷչ
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һΪԼۣΪ˸ŪԴڷã糤;ʱ䣬ǾֵõġԼҪŪٵĺö
ѶȥԼδռ䣬ȻתƵδ֪ռ֮УͨʦЩ˻صɽ磬ȻЩ͵ԴǣŷٽЩԴȥҲһֲĻۣ


384 ˽˿ռĲƸ
ȷʵܴ
ڰƥ˹ɽ£סе顣
ϿһƬطķΧǺܴȻȴĿռصΧڰƥ˹ɽΧ
һͨƽֻҪ߲Զĵطܹסĵطƥ˹ɽɽ£Ȼ֮䣬ȴĿռ䡣
ÿĿռ䡣
Ͼÿ鶼ϣ˳ΪھӣǸϲԼưԡ
ЩռΧڰƥ˹ɽΧÿӵ򣬶Щռ֮ڣάЩռ
µʮռ֮ǿʼԼ
Ϊһ֣ǻǽƬռһֱΪֹ
һֻսʱŻ䣬ǵҲ϶
ҲȳΪһͨҪõöˣοս¹ͣ˵ҲܹΪ顣
Ƭռ䣬ͬһƬѩ磬ȻԽǣļĽޣûʲô̫Եڱѩɿ𣬿ԴԣԸ
ƬޱȹĿռ룬һ
ǰ˹ĹҲڷľ
ס˽ȥڹڣÿһǧ˸ɨͽʳ͵ֻҪޱȶӾˡ
ԼĿռǵ
Ϊսոս̩̹Ҳûм뵽׷ɱҵȥԷںУҲû
ȴһ͵С
ң̩̹⣬ṩ
̩̹嶼֪Ȼ˹ļһܹңȴҲһ
˹ŭʵе̫ӵеֻϵȴӵӦĵλ˹ЩǶ
ڽӵϢʱ򣬷һ£ȻһԼĹЦ
ԭˡڲǺϣܹѸٵĳɳʱ򲻹ӮӮ綼ӭһı淽ʽ
ǺܹܿģȻȴⲻǴɽἸؼ˵ģ幹춼ȫһܹѧϰǰҲĳ취ŪɽؼǺ
໥֮ĳͻѾλ񣬾ͿҪ̤ײǿɢҲûܹ
֮Ǿġ
Ҳǣɽôɣôؼܶؼ̵ֱܹ򵽵ģҪõһЩķҲ̫ѵ飬ȻΪʲô綼õԼķʽ棿Ϊɽʽûá
Σһ֣ӵеܹԼϵʵôǷܹƵأ鶼Դ˺
Ȼӵδ֮ĸң㳲ҲѰҲټƵ̫ݵĻҪԶԶĶ㵽δ֪ռȥҲûҵ
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ʱ䣿鲻ںʱ䣬ܵȶöУɽǿҲѻ硣
һһĹȥܰݵӣȴЩˡ
ӵ˹ȫ֮󣬷ܿľ˽Լδӻ֮гȡΪԼãִݻһкøǿѾ˽ˣȥƺûʲô塣
λ۷ӴҪ˽ıԴ˽ֻ֮Ҫﵽܹܵĵزôܹ
ٴȥƺЩˡ
ȴ˵߾ߣҪ뿪һ鷳飬ϾǶסڰƥ˹ɽ˭Ҫ뿪ûгɵĻҲ˵ע⡣
쵰ôøкô㰡
ĬĬš
塭ƺҲûʲôڵıҪˣ̺
ܹҵҵĻƺܹһôء
һλȫ˵ĻҲøӵǿɣ
ܹøðԼĻԼҲܹڲ߲£Ȼ뿪硣
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ϵȻѾɽҪһˣȻ;űž޴Ĳ
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ڡɲԴ𣿿ʲôЦ
˽˿ռ䣬Ǿһ޴ޱȵı⣡
ӵе˹Ŀռ䣬һɴ½ô󣬶ʮɽͨ򣬶Ҫǣռĳٲֿʯ˹ȥװԼ֮⣬Դûж
˹Ѿʱ䣬Ȼһ̩̹еһȴҲѾǳˣ˽˿ռҲӵͷô
ܿҩݣǶǼǧݵģڳ֮Զıѩǣԭеҩԡ
ܹɽͷɽͷĳһɽϼһʯͷϺõĿʯ
Щڶڷģܹȡ
ʱԼԼЩ£ֻԼסΧϢЩҲǲ񣬶Դ˲ûиеʲôֵġ
ÿ죬ռ˽˿ռԴʯҩġ
ռ֮ԴԴϵͨԼδռ䣬תƵıԵȻʦԵԴ˳Դ͵ɽڲŷա
Ѿ˲ͷˣɵĸ߲ѾϰʱʱһԴˣȻһԴ¸е˳Ծ
ǴĶٵ˷𣿡
ֺ²ĵΪһɱһϰ
Ķٵ򰡣϶Ƿʲôˡн֮Աǡ
ʲôҲͰ˵һǹĸеС檣Ǹе˽һһİա
Ƹո˵Ͳҽһ˳ȥ
˷һЦ
һҲ֣δ֪ǿðգܹŪôԴ𣿲Ҳ˵Ͼ֮ǰʱ䶼ûʲôȴÿԭʲԴںܳʱ׼֮Ѱҵһ޴ޱȵıأ
ʣ¶ʮʱ䣬ǾѡεʱˣһҪŬ
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385 ϤϢ
Ȼ֪ڳȥΪʲô
ԭֻһǾ۷׶ν㹻Ļۡ
˵Ȼڴﵽ۷֮ǰҪһһĽģȻ֮󣬽ȫһ죡
Ǿ۷ľ磬ͣ㹻ʱ䣬㹻Ļۣп˲նȴʬ˲佫Լ۷壡
ҲûֲŻ־дˣ˾۵㹻ۺʱһͻƴ۷ķ˳ƾݻԼСǧ磬Ϊ𼶱Ĵڣ
ȻĻʥʥʥӣķӹŷ𣬻֮ǰж٣ھͻǶ٣ûôӹɽȻӵúܻȻڲϵ֮У
Ȼһ۷壬Ҳδܹһ𼶱ĴڣȻɽʤ˶డɵ˲֪ж٣ǻһرɫرãرĴܹܿܿӱɹɵĴڵģ
ǧٸȻһֱûб仯ȻΪЩΰǣ϶ںͶϴ̵ĵӣǳΪ֮ҲҪԼΪڵɣѾˣ
ܹγ㹻ĻۣڱԵʱͻƵ𼶱ĻôܹɰѲܱɿܣԼɳΪبһϵŽŵɣ
ǷҰģҲɵǵϣ
ȲǾָֻܹĳˣɴһͨɽڵϵţں̶ܴϣǿŷһ˵ǿѾʲôˡ
ɽҲʲôɽԹžһ˵õȮ˵ĳɵͻƳΪôǸɣȻͻΪţʵҲһ
˵֮ǰڽеŵʱɵǻܹͨԼŬﵽҪӲĻôʱҪԼʵͷǳˡ
ϾŶôɫȻǱϾ֮ǰֻǷɴ½ͨʿƽڸԴĹУеľˣѾﵽԼļޣٿŶôߵ
ֺнơЩмڳɹͻ˽۷壬֮󣬾Ҳ޷ˣмֺ䶥н͹ֻһ䣬ֻݻͷơⲢǲŬ˵ûֻôɫǰһѾǻܵ顣
Ͼɽ磬Ҳڽ۷޷ѾǺܳɫˡ
˵ҪɫһЩѾǹ۷ΪŬҪݻʬпܽ˵Ϊ
ĴѾﵽ˹۷壬ȻͬģǼܴﵽ˵Ϊ
ķӪѧԱԪ׺ԪֵܣɾѾǵļˡ
ҲֻϣȻֻǹƷȻǵʺ;飬ʱ䣬ͻƵ˲ѣѾ۷ˣҲΨһһпܳΪʿɵӡ
µУҲʺܳɫĴڣȻҪɳҪܳʱ䡣
£ֻзܹɴϣ
ʱ򣬱ɵǼȫϣķǹԼ
ڵʵȻЩҪǿö࣬ÿʱû˸ġ
֪ޱȾη飬ÿ춼ֻһܳȻЩԴһһͳȥ
ҲǷΨһȤˡ
Ǻ׵ģÿ춼װŻͣ֡ΪܹԼʶڲЩڵ͵͵ͨδռ˵Եļޡ
һȫװĻ㹻һµһꡪӴѹ־ɵĵҲóԾ
ЩΪԼռԴʵ̫ˣôãٷ֮һûߡ
ֻʹ࣬Ҳʹˡ
ȻһطڣǷַģŪһ㣬Ūһ㣬һָǿŪȥԶҲ˲ꡣ
һ죬֮ǰûȥһɽȸ
˽˿ռʵ̫󣬾Ѿȥ˿һʱ䣬ҲкܶطûߵƬɽȣȻҲûġ
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ɽȣĴӲİ˳
Ƿ̰ġ˽˿ռÿɽϵȵĿʯԭЩɽֻĳȻ˿ɣеͶɽʯ飬˿ʯ
ЩߴȵĿʯֻҪ΢һ£ǴıԴ
ЩҩһЩòҲã˵ǷǳбҪˡ
οЩȻǱţȻ涼дĻֻ֮Ҫ΢תһ£ЩʯʯһãɵĵȫЩʯʵٽЩʯԼһҲ˷ѡ
Ҳɽܹѹԭ
ԴҪ綼࣬ͬʱǶԴãҲԶԶĳ磬ܶòĶɽ˵Ƿǳõġ
ȷ˵ɽԴͿƼ϶磬Դɽ٣ûгɫĿƼЩԴֵǱɽԽԽԶԭ
ôǿɽ硭ܹǵģҲֻԼ
ڷ֮£ɽͷĴӵȴûзʲôǣѾһƬҲй¶ȥ
ɽͷð棬ڿеʱ򣬷ʮָѸٵĵ
һεסɽͷȻ˿ߣ˿С
޷˾ϸΪģ˿õģǷ
˿γһŴʱŷ˫һϣ˿ͬʱգ
Ӳɽͷͬһģ˿пˣﵽ⣬ЩɢĿʯ֮⣬еĿʯиİƴĿʯ
һεÿʯڿƯţĻǷɳ
ʯʼڣװһʧһδռ䣬ʶֱ͵ԵúʦȻ͡
һ֮󣬷µˡ
ϧԼ뿪磬ַֻȻĻ˽˿ռƷȫװ뵽鶴ڣԼһ˾ܴеĶˣбҪÿ͵͵
ֻԼΪλֻҪһ뿪ƥ˹ɽ£е鶼һ㣬ʱԼݣҲᱩ¶
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Ҳżɽʱ䣬кܳ
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ĿɽһۣȻתͷ׼뿪
ʱڣЩѾܶˣûʲôֵĵط
ڻͷ֮ĶͻȻͣһ£ȻЦ
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ֻƥ˹ɽ֮ԼȴĪĳΪһλȻһͷ˶ԴԴϵĽԴ͵ȥҲûзҪѰҸҵ˼
ڰƥ˹ɽ£ҲʲôϾڰƥ˹ɽϣһ񣬽ǧСָͷܸɵθ
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Ȼڣɽ֮ҲǶڵص׵ĸҵϢڷĸоУŨһЩ
վ˿⣬üͷſӵס
ɽһ㶼ǺģܹﵽصףɽҲ⡣
ɽȶߣ¶ľһĴ󶴣ܹȷҾ棬ȴҾóȻȥ
Լڿ壬ͽԼҪǲ׵ȥĻҰԼѰҹ飬¾ͻһʱɵԼ
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֮󣬷۾ԼδռڣŲһƿ
磬ȻһɽĶûҲƾģҪõʲôúķʶδռ
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Լסƿʼƿŵص˹ȥ
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ֹһĹ򣬿ӵ׵أϢڻˣһ󶴡
һͷƤëѩ׵ľǣ˿ӵס
̧ͷ˿ûһ˿顣
ЦѾסһҲй¶ȥġû뵽ȻǶ˹Ŀռ
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˵ֿ˷һۣ̾ϢֵǣΪʲôΪһλλҸղŲͶˡ
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Ǹ̥ȻҲܹ𣿡Щ˼ĵ
ףҲֻһֶѡҵص㣬ǰݡЦ
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֪ݵصҪԵģ˵ûзĻǸգڵ
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ЦҲܿ졭ڲλˮ׼˰ɣ
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ұڵԼӦ뿪磬ڣˡ˿ܣЦ
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ͨһλоԼʵķҲһǳҪ顣
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ΪҪӪļ󣬲ܹΪһͷԼ򵥵ļһ֮£Ҳ¾ɾˣ֮ǰȥԸͷȮˣһҪġ
ͣҪ񣬿ɲһ׵顣
һ侲ĻԼʵΪֻһλᣬȻһɵΪҵ±𣡡ð˳޵Ĺâ
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387 յ뷨
ڷԼʶ֮壬ʧȥȫʶ
һֱҵľ壬ǻ˹
ʱ򣬷ѾȻĽδ֪ռ䣬һʾ޴ĲƸ
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һʼӴĲƸ
ΪڷˣÿڸԴģ㶥һϵһġ
һ͸ɵЩԴ㹻ٶʮꡣ
ЩԴֻ˽˿ռİٷ֮һѡ
ڣʣİٷ֮ʮţȫˡ
Դ˸ҲֻܿЦԼûɽͷⱻǷʲô⡣
ҵɺ죬ܹٶȣɱǰҪö࣬ᱻ˷֡
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ܹ󣬺ʥ࣬ҲһһɵģȻЩ棬ȴûķ޺Ĵڡ
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ÿһĽԽ࣬ӡ޺ʵԽǿ
ÿһ֮󣬷Ĵڣͻ½ֻأԼĽƽĤݡ
ÿһΣЩ޺ͷӵͻǿһ֡
ȻϵǷһַš
ȴԼ壬µ壬Ȼǰ֮ɵȻǿ
ŴߣΪ޺
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Ҫܲ˵ʱҵδռźš
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ܹӵеȻֻһ۷ˮ׼ȻϣѾӵޱǿϢʥľĴݻ١ܹںҳԾ
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ϣгһܹһ㡣һĻҾͲҪٶԸˡ
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΢ЦܹĽܵУҲϣľ
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кܶ⣬ҪԼͨƺ԰һ롣նԷ
һжʮʱ䡭ҿһ롣΢Ц
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Դӷ֮󣬶ʮʱղûһչҲûһʵ
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Ҳֻĸ˷ֱԼԸ˵ص㴴Լġ֮ӲŻᱻжϡ
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ĸѧַôȻͲҪôƽǡǵƽÿһĽҪά˵Ҳһʹ顣
δ֮ķţҲûбҪƽѪά
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ӵеδ֮ڻδӸܹһδʱҲ˵ֻҪߣû׽ס
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ǳתСĳһƽһһģȫҪŬС

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һνΪĳСױʱ򣬾ޱȵգҲһҪݻһеĳ嶯
ջãֻ΢΢̾һεĽԼʶ˻
ȷʵ̫ˣǳתļı任ÿһһΡȫҪһά֣ΪһޱȾܵ񾭺ͼϵͳҲ㾡ڼƵı仯
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͸ԼұɶˣҪһһȥҪһһԼʵڣԸԼûѡ·ѡһ·
ϧǣһ·вͨ
øѪ͸ҵڷӶ˵׳ܺͷԿĵز˷磬硭ǻɽŭ
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֮ǰɽǲںʲô취άͳΣǷں
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͸ҶǸʱǣø͸Էһľηһ㣬ԼҲ޷ϡ
ҲһȻûкͷֹȻȴ֪нģ˴ʵͬʱԼ϶
类վҪԼı磬ҲΡ
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ɷ棬ȴǿͨƽĹķ磬ʲôڵıҪ
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Ϊһӵзûʲôҡʵ
ҵ
Ȼƺһ㣬Ȼմ˿ȴüɫ裬ϲ󣬻ȻûΪһеɮĶ
ҷ֮ΪȻȴֻǷ޵һѣԶ֮ʱҲһַ޵ķģնԷ
Ŷʲô¡
֮
³ĸ֣ޱصĵĥΪѣԷ޵ķţѻΪһܿ࣬һ
˵յ¶ĹâȻֻǰſʼ޷ȴҲ˵Щɮ˵ĴţЩɮˣǰܿ࣬ȴһתķǽ֮ķһ
Ϊڷ磬Զ֮ķӵܣʵ
¶һ˿֮ɫ˽Ը֣Ըܿ࣬ܿ࣬бܿ÷㣿οڷӵ˵ΪλҪǵȿ
ͣһ֮ռο֮дÿһʱ䣬ȹ֮ҪӵȻõķǿЧ˵ȴȹ֮ҪһЩö֮Ҳ˻֮ˡ
ԭˡҲ̾Ϣ
һҪԭ򡣡̾Ϣ
ʲôԭ򣿡׷ʡ
޵ķŵӣиӵľдȱԸ˽Ȼҷܹÿս޵ķŵԸԼɣҲԸȥ˺ˣֻỤסƽ񣬶ķŵӸӵϧڶսиӵͣսʱĵд󲿷Щ޵ĵӣô޵ĵӶˡ

ԭԭ
Ը˺ԼķŵӣȷʵȻŸȱ飬ִȱ飬ȴսг
һĪķ̡
ҶԷĹ۸УҪıˡ
ʩ룬ǱĪɡܹ֮δ֮УôЩ⣬ܹˡ
΢ЦδĿޣʱ䣬ǿѹƽҲ᲻ԸսĿУ硭һȫͬķ硣
ܰ쵽£ʦ½ǹءĶһ
΢Цʮׯϡ


390 þò
뿪˷硣
ȻģûմȾʲôȻ߾ߣҲᾪ
Լδ֪ռڣڼ
ˣҪ˼ģԼδĿޣĳʱ㱬ȻܹԿ
˷ȻԼδ֮δ֮ȥϵ仯޴
Ҫ̫ɱ¾ֻҪٵзӵܵĽôŵƽҪٹӵҲֻܹʵʵδ֮
ʥ硢硢磬Ѿʼ𲽵ĸı䣬Ȼĸı䣬ֻڸҺ˵ϡ
ȻԽԽǿ磬Ҳ츲صı仯
Ҫͽʥ磬ĺǣֻҪżƽ񽻻ѪҺ͹ˣѪҺǵܹ𲽵
ܹʼ磬ıʽܹͲôģҲȥսĵطҪ̫ı仯
ı仯󣬲ҪôƽôЩƽͿԸõİҵĸǣҵһķ
һʥҪģֻǰֵƽΪṩѪҺҪģĿޣҪҲֻǻ֮е֮
ϵķٴڵʱ磬ս
֮ǰս޷ǾʥҪĿͽҪƽ硭Ҫĵʱ䡣
ɽҪĶܶ࣬ҪԴܶԴʥͷ粢ҪģȫԸȡ衣
⽫һֺõ龰
龰Ҫһϡ
ǾɽҲҪı䡣
ɽԭҪıģȻȴܹоɽڲһɰ
Ĵɾķ֮ʱܹȻڲȴʼҪһ¡
ںͷԵλȻǶλɾ˵Ҫӻµĵӡ
̫ڸ߸ϣܶ鶼̫ڸġ
۲䣬̫֮ìܣҲΪҡ
̫󣬱֮£ϴ̣ʵռɽɡ
ȴֻǣ֮£Ҳϴ̣οڵĵս൱ǿǷʱ򣬾죬ҲҪͱһο̫ڣ
ԳȻʵռɽһ룬ܹĳЩ̶ѹסڲìܵĻɽڲս
ȻҲֻܹǿѹסìֻܲʱڸǣձʱֻøӵĿֲ
ɽ磬̫ˣȻɽڲĶȴпܰ˶Ͻȥһս
Ը⿴ЩȻɽĸ߲ʵڵɴһֻϡ
ԷҪĽ
ĻۣѾˡ
һȥʮ꣬ĻۣѾһޡ
ҲֻĻۡ
Ի֮գѸٵʥͷȻɽЩĻۣڽͻУ𵽼޴ã
ɽûκзĻۣͬʱҲޱСʱ򣬾˹ۿ鶴𲽳ɳľ顣
ɽ˵ʮʱ䣬ͲʲôЩжԷЩɵĴڣҲڳɳʲôĵز
Ȼȵŵľ֮󣬷ʵͻᱩ¶˵ǰ
ܵʱȡʤûȡʤʵᱻ˿
֪ȻԼ֮ǰٶǷɿ죬ʮʱʹﵽ۷ΪǱϾЩĴУ۷壬ȷʵʲô㲻ϡ
ȻͻƵ˴۷壬𾳽磬ĳŵĻôӵɽ綼սԵ
ʱ֮ǰ⣬ֻżɳһЩԸɵͽǹڵ
ڻ۵Խ࣬ʱԱҲԽĳɫ
ͬʱҲ뿴ʮʱɵͬǣʲôˮ׼
δռ˯ŵС쵰δռ˳
鶴֮⣬ڷδռҲŵǻ֮뿪֮صشδ֪ǿĺ֮
ʥԴڻ֮ҲС쵰õط
鶴ڣȻδռڣС쵰ڻ֮ŨĵطţĻ֮Դ֮صĽĻҪŨ
С쵰ĵط˽ӽʮʱ䣬ȴûһı仯
Դ˲֣Ϊ֮ǰԴ֮صĽ޵ͺͷ
С쵰֪ʲô⣬ڷϣС쵰Ѿ۷弶Ļޣӵž޴Ȼڷ鶴ڴһʱ䣬ٻصԴ֮صʱʵڲϵȴһֱڵСС
ڻǾ޽еģ޵ʵǵȣԽǿĻޣԽӴ
ǲܱ仯޿Լʵռռ֮ͬʱȴܹ仯ĴС
ڸ˷ôãڻ֮ŨĻôãС쵰ܹչֳѾ㹻۷壬ҲǷڵʵˣյ˵ȻܺЩʮǿվȣȴҲҪӵɵ
ڣС쵰ͬһСһĴСʥʱǷһܹװһ͡
Դ˷úܿС쵰ԼѪҺѾԼΪˣ䲻Σ
ԶԴ˷⡣
δռֳʱ򣬷Ѿ˶ԴǸ
δռ֮ڳ˸֮䲼µǿĽ޷Խ֮⣬ڸ֮ڣȥĶȥĶȻڹռ
ԾҪԸҲû÷͵ϮֶΣֻҪδռ䣬ɾҲ˲ֺ
ҪԸ͵һԸ
ڶԴʱ򣬶ԴǵͣͿʼ
֮ǰ͵ϮУɵĿбѾȫˣǾôʱ䣬ټϷŪľ޴ƸٶȲԼĿбݵ
Ȼڸ߲εĶԿУб𵽵Ѿ̫ˣǶˣбӵ㹻
ǰģÿһܹԿһɵĿбݣЦ
ֺòͲ֪߽׵ʲôĵز
һˡ˵ܿʹԴǡ
ĿбݿʼȥԼΣÿһ·
ɽ˶Դǡ
ڵĶԴǣ֮ǰ뿪ʱִһˡ
֮ǰĶԴϣסŵľʮˣԺܶطûпɱԭʼò
أ
ס˵ĵطѾȫ˳ʥƽ񾭹ϵķܣѾ˽֮ޣÿ궼дľ츳ĵӱѡγȻ󲻶ϵɳȥɼ壬ȡΪµµš
رɫģڶԴϲϵıչԴԴϵԴ֧֣ǵĽܿ졣
ϵɵӣкܴһѾ˳ȥЩձɢɡ
ڵĶԴǣͱһӪս
ɵĵǣ֪ķ棬Լﲻ̫࣬չ棬չҵʱˡ
ǰһȺϤѣ㡢ɭаˡĺɽˡˡֺнơ
þòλ΢Ц
һ磬ɽ˷Ļ
Żмϲȥ
ֺнͬʱһЦͺȲ
ͼȴʲôˣǼڶ
ΣҲ뿪ˣЦ


391 һ
Сʤ»飬οһ𣬾ʮꡣ
Ȼɽ˵ʮҲֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬾ԴǵΧҲûʲô仯ɽ磬ûʲô仯
Ȼʵأڷͼ˵ʮʱÿһ죬ÿһ̣ÿһ룬Ƕڱ˴˼ŶԷ
Ȼ˴֮ĸ֪֪˴˶ûгʲô飬Ȼ˼ɴڡ
˼ˣӦøˡ
ʮʱΪ㹻Դ֧֣ɵһٶš
ĵӱڣȻõõ
ʳɫģչأʲһģԭϵӣټɢϳһһļɢ˳ȥѾǧ壬ɹĳΪµţӵԼפء
Ϊµ֮ɵĴ֧Ԯ֮£ЩµֿʼյӣµʮʮſɽһͽܣµŰһΣ
Ⱥ߲㾫ĵ֮£ɵѩһչȻڻԣֻҪȥÿһ꣬ɵŶ֮ǰҪһ
ȻɵɶֻµţȻµȴɽУΨһԿɽĴͽģ
λˡԼʩһ
д󲿷ֶǳçڵЩ棬˷ӪЩǰѧԱ֮⣬ֻλչһȨĹԺ󽫾ܹ˾ʵĺ۵䡣
лǣҲ˼õġǺǵЦ
ʦԴԴϵĴӷԴ͵ɱһ㷽֪ģȻ֪ľǣŷһֱԴǣԴŵþһҪ顣
£ձɢɳʵɵıЩɢȻûʲôǰ;ֻнɵΪȻܱɵĵҪҪöࡣ
Щɢɱֲɢ֮󣬼ĳʵ˷ɢĸս⼸ʮɷɢļµѡεĹŻʤЩɢгνޱȵľ޴
ڳڣȷʵһð취
ɽɢɲܹһĻȷʵһɾ޴ѡµĵӣЩʵȻɢɵǰ;ҪߣǴ󲿷֣֮ҲɢɵΪ
ΨһõĵطԼĵӣҳ϶žԵı֤ɢⷽͲ̫ס
ҪЩ£ϵĺɢǽţգ伫ɵĵ̿ʼɿıúʵ
ŷĹϲڽȫ棬ǱչصʱҲ̣ڣ϶Ѿӵ˵ڵʵһϵţҪǿöࡣ
ȻŵʵȴҲһ
ȻǱǰѾǿ˺ܶ࣬Ǻ;űȻž޴ĲࡣЦ֮󣬾̾Ϣ
ĬĬĵͷ
ΪɽʯȷʵӵųɫľţҲӵһƷ٣
ľţҲɽ׼õľţǾǴ۷Ϊţ¼ܾĳϣǧ
أڳ˷ͼ۷壬ϼ߸˾ĸֺ֣˺ĴǹɵΪҪʵҲǲˡ
ҪΪţֻ
ܹӵǾͻеһƴ
ϾŵɱתܶһľҲˡ
𾳽磬Ҫ׷Ķչһա
ڻڻۡţڵĻۣһɹڴ۷ײ㣬Ӯҵ˼ûеġ𾳽磬ڻû㹻İա
˵ɵĸ߲Ƕһûһ֪𾳽絽ʲôӵģ𾳽֮µһ˵ĻʤİҲɣ
۵Խ࣬ôǵİվԽ󣬾ŵѡλһʱ䣬һúѡοʼҲҪǿġ
˵˽ǵ˵ͷŵѡΣʸϵ֮ĽֽҪһεʱ䡣
ǿһٸϵ໥սѡγĸϵźĸŶԿ˭ܹʤ˭Ǿţܹӵһϵ
ڵʵϵżûǶֵģҲ˵ҪԸģֻһŶѡ
һܹӮɳɹΪɽʯʱ
ᱻڵĵ̣ܹոĵӣԼţԽԽǿ
ôʱ䣬Ҿͺúõȥһˡ
΢Ц
һ죬ڵʵ벻֮Ĺϵ
֮ǰĻҲ棬֮ǰҪΪ۷ʱÿ˶ҪĻۺͷĻۣ£ֻĻ۲Ҫģ·ļȫ
ҲҪۣʵʮڶԴʱҲ࣬δ֪ǿкܶطĽӡ
ڼȻѾ۵òˣôȻͲҪٳڷֱ𣬽ҪǽЩĻһһĽǿʵΪ˽նȴʬĹȻҪ뿪㡣
۷۵㹻ĺôһʬȫնȴֱͻƵܵ۷塪Ҳ۷嵽۷һ
۽׶Σǧ࣬ðΣգȻһʵɳ֮Ǿһǧ˲ܹﵽ۷壡
ЩƷǴܳˣ϶ڸԭڻ۲ʱִٵͻƣֻͣĽ׶Ρ
Ͼ˵׶εĻۣҪޱʱ䣬֮ǰݻԼ⻯ʱҲҪޱȵء
˼ˣʱ䣬Ҳֻݻ⻯Ϊ⻯ĥɼ֮ѡ
˼𣬾츳ʺ֮ѡؽ϶ôãɼʵһޱѵ顣
ɽռعڶ࣬˺սʳɫ˿ԽɫɵϵԶԶ޷ȡ
ʵ֮ǰɽȷʵޱʽ΢˳֮ȻǿֻҪͰĲתܻһһʥĴڸֻҪʥҳϣܴʥޱǿȻ֮ĽܣڳȴܹռݾԵơ
ɽΪأŵɾЩɾıӻ֮£ıǿڵɽ绹Զʱһѹš
ֻʮۺ۵ˣһûУοĻ֮񣬿ɽǰڼԿ϶ǣֻҪ;䣬ôضɽصһӡ
ȻҲ˿طҪĸıʽⷽɽȨ֮󣬶лԵĴ
ҲǼ۰ɣ£ԹаɢɣŷƿɣеʦҲҪ̳ɫͽܳȵѡʼʱٽлҲˡ
ѡοʼһʱ䣬˵һ꣬Ҫ
ȻǷܹճΪʲôˮ׼Ҫġ


392 ɽʢ
һʱ䣬ҪȥǷǳġ
Ͼ˵ʱһʮʱ䣬һαչأϰʱ䣬Ƕսںܶ˵ƽʱʱ䣬Ҳôȥˡ
Ҳ⣬һʱڽɣµĵӲϵĳȥ£ϢпܽĸһץչȡܹһЩ
һȴԵúɡ
ϵĺͼɽˮ߱Դǡ
ڷ˵˿̵ļʶѾھ֮ϣԴ֮Ҳȥδ֪ǿ˺ܶĵطҲȥɽ֮⣬ûܹͱ⡣
֮⣬Ѿȥˣ˵ûʲôϡģ˶ƢŹ֣Ը˽ɽ罻ãҲԸ˽ǵ磬ֻÿսʼʱǶ֧ɽ磬ųΪ˺ɽϵõĵط
ԴҲ⣬ЩһЩֻƫɽѣԳһɣչĻ£ܹԼһЩ
ȥôطԼפĶԴǣеȽİԴפڶԴ֮ûڶԴϴɵĵڶԴϹô̹ҲǷֲġ
һȹɽ֮յһӡ
һһڷΪ֮֮ǰһ۵ùˣڷģǲѡ񡣡
ЦŶԼҲΪȻ˻࣬Ҳֻʱ䣬ŻʶԼѾǷˡ
Ψһźǣ˵ڻûкӡ
ҲϾ˱ͺѻУɣڵľΪãԽǿˣԽԼĹ⣬һԼĺӣǺӵʣ쳣ĳɫ
Ĵڣĸִ󲿷ɾµĵӣҲмٲɾǵĺǸӵмɫʣ˵Ҳܹӵ
˵ȻҲϣԼĺԼһǿԼӵǿôҪӣԼǿ֮Ҫӡ
˵ˣǷɴ½ϵʿҲˡȻΪηɴ½϶ʿ󲿷ֶʿĺ᣿Щڳʱӵгɫ츳һõӡ
ڷҲ
˵ǷܹõĴһգ֮Ĺϵ쳣ȹ̣ûʲô檵˵ľ磬òʲôĶ̫ˣֻǵıо
ڷɴ½ʱ򣬶˫ۣйôһĸоȻԽԽǿһоѾȫʧֻм㣬ֿ
һʱ˵ĶУܿľ͹ȥˡ
ͷ뼧ɱȴæòɿѡڵٽѡӣ̽鱨ȵ˶Ҫһ׼ȻȻ£һ֮ȥμѡΣɵʵϵռǰ׾ٵ顣
˶ƣӲ̫࣬Ҳ׼̫ĵǰȥ۷µĵӣͲȥˡ
ǷµĹҲûʲôϾĴУǽ۷壬Ҳδܹ̫ãοͨĽɡ
һϵŶӵɼĵӣͬնһ㣬ŸоûнɼĵӣҲǹɡ
һͿʮķչжôĿ¡
⣬˼ĸ֣ϡһϵţӵһ˼ĸֶѡ
֮µĹɣǧֺнơĴЩ۷ĺĸ֮⣬󲿷ֵĹɣʮʱԴӲѻµӣЩӶɴѡģҳ϶˿⡣
۷Ǿеֲˡ
ɽаЩɢɣһǽ۷壬ҳ϶аյģʮˣϱЩҳϵĵӣӵеĽ۷壬Ѿ˶ʮˣ
ȷʵǿ󣬲ҪˣԵģϵǿһٸǵģһϵŲһ٣ȻЩϵţҲӵʵԾ֮ǰǲֵģʱ򣬾Ҫˡ
ڳ֮ǰеļ˵
㣬۷壬۷壬֮ǰսĹؼ
̶ϱɵʵǵĳ֣Ҫ
ϾѡУǵòʲôģһӱܣôһӵ
عɵĺβںоʮʱ䣬Ϸɱ׮оһ΢Ŀбݣû֮ǰĿбôȻʮ۷֣ԶԿһƷ
֣ܹԿһˡ
ȻɱһֱûоȴҲгĵӵԿŵɱ
Ϊվս׼֮ǰÿӵҪ
յľսѾоܾˣʱ޷ͻƵ𾳽ĻҲʹ˷
Щеʮ۷壬ܶɣǧ֣ܶԿʮˣ
ľţӵ˺ɵе˺սܹ޶סԷ
ʱ򣬾취öԷɱûһ𣬽ԷָΧͨסԷ󲿷ֵȻȡ֮ǰܶԷţûţŵɱҲ޷תʱҲʤĻᣡ
׼Ȼһ׼δܹ̫ãܱԴΪá
ŵѡΣȻĪĿ
ʵÿŵѡΣɽһʢ¡
ٸǿϵţĸ͵ĴڣЩһʱʤɽ˵һ쳣ֵĴ¡
Ҳͬάɽһٴ롣
ռ˾󲿷ɽ˵ʲôڡϴ̣ǧϴ̣ǶǺңԶĴڡ
֮УϵţǵĶڣܹռһϵţֻռɽͷռһƬ½µеҪǿöˡ
ɽϵŷɢУܶ˾ǻᾭЩϵŵפصģһϵŶῪ輯УԼòһЩԴ۳ȥͬʱҲչһЩɢڸ;ŪĺöЩɢ˵ǶģϵŵЩ֡
ڣϵɫһٸҪ໥ԿǸȤ顣
Ǻĺ;ŵĶԿҶûʲôȤΪһֱźϵ֮Ĳ̫ϵŵֿ˶þͻʧܣҲ֣ҶûʲôȤ
ΧׯҲʼȫĴڣһٸϵţĸֶصע˳ͬʱɵʶѾˣ˵Ͷע
ÿʱ򣬶ɽһʢᡣ
ȻӰ첻߲εĴڣȻͨУȴΪѡζֵ
ѡεĵص㣬ɽһ֮С
⴦ʮÿ򶼱߲˽磬ޱȵļ̡
սЩϡ
֮ѱֳ䵽ɽĸطöԴȤ˶ܹ˴֮Ľ
⴦ϵϣи˸ϹҪĿսʵ
ڣѾɵǣ⴦ϵ׼ѡδᡣ
һжģľʮŸϵţɽǷǳ޴ģǲμѡεĳͣҲøĵͼˣԸͶǵ¡
һ쿪ʼҲΪĴڡ


393 
ѡΣҿܽǰĵģӦǽ̡իɺͳˡǷֱ̫ڡڡںͽڵɣϵɫ֣ȻĴڵŵӣȴܹɾָģõǰӦûκε⣡
ɲһǷڵɣǰĵĻҲܴ󣬶˵ĸֵ̫ͣȥͶע
ȻͣǿԺܴ׬⣡
Ըѹšףʧ
ôˣ
ǸɣǱμξģӦúܸߣȥһŵģȻֻһ
ɣ˵ʮųģֻеŵʵΪǵŷڵĹ˴󹦣ͥɲ뱾εľ
ǰ֮ǰɱΪеţҲΪǵŷĸҾսʤõĽͣ˵еŵʵûУ
ѡлǵһ־ͱɵˣ
˭˵ǣʾȻôͣûʲô˻ѹɡ
֪ƨ
λƺ֪һЩʲô
ʮǰ֮ս֪İɣ
Ȼ֪ˣûμӣ֪Ϊʲôġ
ٺ٣ҿ֪ҵʱǸɱʥ磡
Ӵ־Ȼɱʥĸ֣ʧʧ
ˣֵҵҲֻǸɱȥģʱڵĸѾʥķߣɽȥñ߹ģҲûԿ
ҲˣɽôɣĴɱм
ǰΪҲ˵ǴɽսʵҲΪɶġ
һеţƾʲô
罫ڵŲƵδ֪ǿ֮УȻΧˣ˵ӵľкüʥʹλͷ
ܺ͹ɼԿĸְǻúܲң
ܲң֪˰ɣʱֻʮ˳֣ȫǹ۷ĸ֣Ⱥɱ˸ѪɺӣȻӻɽ磡
ΪʲôԸһСأ
Ϊ˶ԸǵŷǵŷʱѾ˼ĸˣͬʱٶȺܿ죬ֻҪɱѣΪնҪһٻɱɵĸ֡
أ
ͻƣɸڶ࣬ľɱ˸ɾӻֱ֮Ӹͥͥŭ˶ı
ԭˡ
밡ʱǵŷͻ֮ѾƷΪˣϼʮɵĴڣϵҲʸˣֹȥ˼ʮʱ䣬˭֪ӵжôǿǵʵͣҲ飡
ĻѹһЩˣϾǼŵʻǸһЩ
ˣҾ׼ȫѹˣϣܹ׬һʰɣ
ۣÿ춼ᷢһٸμѡεϵȫѡ򸽽֮ԽԽ˿ʼĥԼӦѹ˭ϣ˷ԼܹɫĽ
һٸɣΪĸÿʮɣ׽ɱֿգʤǸɣͽú;սʸ
УȻҲҪ𵽺ܴãϾʮһÿһֶֿյĻᣬֿܹգȻʧͻһЩ
Ͼϵ֮Ľѡβ࣬ǾһϽжԿһֱԷеӶΪֹ
ĻƱȥѡΣȻҲҪ˵
ĸɱ˶
ǺͶǺԵǵ᲻΢Ц
һٸɫϵţûʵģһ۷ţ˾ĸţǧɣɵӡǶϵŵı׼á
ڵ۷壬˾ĸ֣ǧɣʮ۷塪ȷʵѾԶԶĳһϵš
ȻĶԿУҲҪıʵģϾǵĿɲһ
μѡεɣǳڲμѡεϵţŵĿ֪֮Լûлþŵλá
ôǲμѡεĿģΪȡΡ
θߣȻ֤ԼϵɫģôЩеѾòõĶҪϵŵĵӣ͸Ըѡϵš
Ҫǿǿ󣬶ɣҲҪʸɫĵɱøӵǿ
Ȼɽ磬žǧٸϵǲ°򣬺ܶϵŵԼסһƬ޷ﵽ̫Զĵط
ôμѡΣһûᡣ
ѡУܹߵյǿᴫɽ磬ҲΪʵĵӵһѡĶ
Ҫ֪ЩϵŲǶڵģǻĴںʮ󶥼ϴ̵ĸӹɣҲͬҪɫĵӣṩһǿԼһϵʵ
£ѡлøõΣ׷Ŀꡣ
ܽһͻһ֣ܹģɽʵӵܣ
ϵţÿֻܴԼ򸽽ѡӣЩܽǰٵϵţܹȫɽѡӣЩʵĵӻҪѡΣܹЩɡ
Ҳ˵յģЩɲҪĲиʣɫ˶Щ֮УȻҲűøӵǿ
Ҳһ¢ϡ
ɵĿǲһ
ɾǳһŵȥġ
ɽû˴ɵĳɾ͡
Դɾɽĳɫӣǧϴ̡ǧپŵ֮󣬾ʹûκһµɣܹΪŵġ
µɵļޣϵš
ѾﵽޣҪ̵ģǰδ顣
Ƿһǽ̡̫ڵɣӦĶ֡
ǲ֪̫ڻ᲻ʲô
ڵ̫ھ滨Ҳû취ֹǳΪĵһǿϵţҲһӵ۷ʿȻŲ֣ǼҲ㹻ǲϵʤˡ
šסҪĵǣһھսٵʱֻͻƵ۷ĻôҪǵһġ
ͬʱ֣סԷĵӣŽԷţ⽫£ΨһܹʤĻᡣžûͻƵΪ۷壬Ҳû۷Ķֻ֣ҪǲסԷ㹻ʱ䣬ŻԷţôյʤͽǣ
ɵĵûзѡοʼ֮ǰÿɾסǱȫյģܻκ˵Ĵ
ɵĵڲνԷָ޷˳ɱֻҪܹԿɱɣôɾʤϣ
ѡεĿʼԽԽˡ
һֵĳǩҲ˵ǰ
ɵرãûг鵽ǸֿյĻᡣ
ǸֿյĻᣬĶ֣ǽ̡
ģ϶ǺĻȻΪʲôΨһһֿգǽõˣ
׼֮ǰɵĵǼЦһ䣬Ȼ޷˵̤ս


394 ۸
ڵһģһгŵϵš
ǹµϵţΪһϵеһͬӵǿʵ
ŵˣһϵǿޱȣ֮ǰսУ˾Լ£뷨ڵĸһͬɱ˷磬˺պս
Ȼֵ֪Ρɵ𣬲ǰմͳֶεģɵÿһΪɽ¹֮Ȼż֮ĺԴѸٵɵս
ȻҲ֮ǰһٻŸɼӣѾӵ൱׵ʵȴɲΪкԼʵ
ܾɴδ֪ǿӳѾʮʱ䣬Ȼɽ˵ʮ꣬ͲʲôҲһɵʵôķչ
ΨһЩĵľǷսʼǰѾͻƵƷһܹǿԼʵˣڵ۷ΪôҪһЩѵġ
˱۷ΪڻƷĸ֣Լһǧйʵĺĵӣʣˣȫǽ۷Ϊ
ǳǿһս
ɽһ֣ǳ˿϶Ҫ飬ĥܹСʧɡ
ϵɵĵģȻʵȴݬ롪һкܶ˶ȻҲǴһġ
ʮӣĽֻʮȫ߲һˣʮɡ֮ǰɱҲʮֲĳɼɵӸûг
֤һ߲ȽǿȻȴɣҲǳֻвʱϡ
˺ĵһƬսʱǾͿʼСʧܶˡ
λųֲסǵĸ߲㣬Ʊɵȫ֮ǣƣȻ˶࣬ǾԲֱܷ
ս֮ʶ֪ʧȥáеѡսýŵģȻزܴȻһ޷ͨʶԷĶ
ΪӶԿȤζԡҶս˽һԶԷĶҲޱȵôνսûκεˣҾƴ֣˭ĸָ࡭
Ļ£ܹӳ˫쵼սϵָһпĳһ΢СĴۻ֣ܶһֵʱʧ̫ء
˶µ൱׵ŵʵԶԶ֮ϵģȻɵȴȳҪöֵ࣬Ҳ١
õͼӵճŷֱĻȫܹԼȫ֣һһĳԵš
ĻӮǳţŵĵҲȽϲء
òһʵϵţÿβμѡΣܹͨһֵ˵һûᡣ
ɵʧĻǾͼпͻƵڶ֣һ㻹ܹյľ
˵ָ֮£ŵĴʼˡ
սһƬɽ֮ϣк֣ɽͷ赲ߣɢĻȷʵпܱԷһһĻơ
Ųûзֱ
ˣǧɣ۷壬ƺƵĳһ˹ȥ
ȻƬսĵαȽϸӣȻθӵսϣռͻһսҪСһЩ
ֻҪŲֱôֻҪһ·пɵˡ
ֱô٣Ե١
ֱô˲סԷĶ֣ռƵŵǣѿȴȱֵɸ̵
˵뷨
˵ţڴŴƹһɽȣǰ˵ʱ˾ͳԾ۾
ǵģһƬɽڣûʲôֻмˡ
˸ˡ
㡢򡢼ɭаˡĺɽˡˡ
۷壬Ʒ
ͻˡ
ôܣôܻôĸ֣
վǰļ㣬ЦȻķһźš
ҫ۵ĹâӼȻֱɿУκεط˶Կ
˵Ǻܺõģһɨ۾ͷֶԷˣӦ㳲ڱĵطûʲôص
ͷźš
Ȼɵİ˸˼ĸ֣ͬʱ˳
֣ס˺˼ĸ֡
ϣѸٵĳŵĴ֮Уʼ׺ĳ֡
ȻŵĽƺһǧɣÿ˴Ŷʮɼĸ֣ܹڴսʱ򶼼һΪ˸øļɵ
ȻʱȴйɼֵԿԷ˶
ǴӵĹɣµĽɣϵһ֮˶Թɵʵѹƣǿɲ˵úġ
һ˲䣬ŵžͿʼˣͷͻ˵Ĵݺңÿγֶ⻪𡪡ǵĵӵĻƱֵ֮Ĺ⻪ÿ⻪ζһŵĵӱͳս
˿ļ٣Ȼȴס
ǻϵ֣ȴˮϵĹޣˮ˻˳Եġ
ŵĸҲ޷㿪ĳ֣ȻľϵˣͱˣȻŵֻƷȼ˶ǲһţʩչ
ڱǴŴ֮ŵĹǣһ֧ٹɵľҪסͻĲܹʱסŵĵһ֣ͬҲûлὫ⼸˸
ȻʱԮĴѾˡ
ʮ۷壬ʮһµĿбݣǾбݣڸϵ֮ͬʱ˾޴ĺ
ÿһһȫֵ
Ĵͷʣĵֿ
ϾҲֻǧɶѣܹͷųĿбͬʱ䣬Щɵֵ˶ãͶ׷׵ͳս
ȵֻʣɵʱɵĴӣѾȻ˿ˡԲԷԼĻᡣ
ʱɵĹҲϵˣΧΧһȦȻ󲻶ϵĽԼĵⷨȥ
ŵĸֱǣ˵ϣɵվŰ
һĹŵѾøɸɾͳս
һֱʱûһ˵ĹǣʩʩȻ뿪ˣͽһǿĴ
Ȼס֡
˸Χסˡ
˿ܣȻ̾һ
ΪʲôɻôǿֱǡͲܵ飡
΢ЦΪᣬиߵʵǱʮʱ䣬˵Ҫ
ǰ˸ͱԼС˲֪٣ȴڴ˿ӵźԼɸ߲㣬̾Ϣ
ǰܹô̵ʱʵ˵ɳ˷֮⣬Ǻвٳɫŵģܹʮʱʵĵز
ؼǡûг֡
ŲѾ׵ĽԼȫôȥʲôã
οԷѾ׼ɺ͹ɵĸȫ˿ˣֻ¼Լ桪˾ǲʧһˡ
ȻˣԼαˡ
˵̾ϢһףߵøԶɡ
ȻͺһԼеĻơ


395 
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Ǵ󲿷ֶµģɼˣѣս̫ã֮ǰɽɢɾͿԿƫƫȺˣɽӴһȺ
ҷ֮󣬴µɢɿʼ뷽跨ȥӣоһЩû̫ôȴޱȾϸķʱ䣬ǽֻһЩ˵ʮѣȴʺÿıݣƢõģȥǱһЦ
£ÿһεľѡΣͱ˸˹עĽ
ɶںܶɢ˵źܴΪʱ򣬳ɢŷɥȻҲʼ÷û֮ǰֵȷʵЩˣ㷽Ҳĸġ
ȻȴϣѡñȽϲҡϾɳʱ䣬Ȼͬһķչǵ̺Щϵűɲ˲١
ҲһƵϵˣȻÿζֻܹһ֣ܻõڵڶϣȻҲ֤ǵʵ൱ͦġ
ȻԿʼ֮йۿⳡʵǾ͵һ
˸ˣ۷壬⻹ŷʲôʵ
ʵĻһųһϵ
Ȼʵ;ű࣬ȻϵУͿܱȣ
ҾʵҲһǧɣʮɡǽ۷ΪʵԿʮһϵŶԲʲô⣡
ڰ˴ͷĴѰɵӾֱĻǰʱ˾֪ɱضʤһһʤ˵Ĵʤ
յĽʱ˻ǾˡΪǼˣһ˶ûУһ۷ĵҲû˳ս
εľѡǴûгֹġյľŶϵŵĶԿеǾᷢϵ֮ĶԿĳһȫһһӶû˳⻹ǵһΣ
ⳡԽ֮Ѻעɵ˾֪Լ¿϶׬ˡֻѹ̫١
ѹɵһңѺעԴʯ϶û˵ġ
ʱ򣬴˻Իͳɼŷȴڻصʱפ֮󣬾ͷǳ֮ҵԼʼ齫
ͳ³Աߣ۾Ķĸһģһȴһڷɿĳ֡
Ҳһֽ
齫ϣ˫ɣ˭ܹڲ˵Է齫£һƣͳʱԼĽ
ҲԳ֮󣬷һλԼ֮顣
ڻվսԼʵ۷ʱһһֻ໥̽һ±˴֮ĽжôĴ
ͷ֮ϵģ໥ܹ֮о˴֮ʲôĻۣȻھϸϣȴ
ȵһ쵽ʱһֻһΪһϣʵޡ
ʱȻĺΪһȴ˵ļ壬˭ɵ˭⡣
ϾǱһɢġ
ϵŷϿȺ͵ʦԼƽ͵ķ壬˿ϱͬȴͬ顣
߽Сݵʱ򣬿ľһĻ
Ȼе죬ΪԼҲ
ǿķͳ³ʱ򣬼㵹̾һ
˶ֻվȻһٲȻϣһֱͦɣƺʱҪ̳һ
ɫĵӣĶҵģ
ʺصӵǰ;ҪԶ֮ϣȼľ֮ĴڣҪӵǿһ
뷽̳еȫɾ²ҲȻˣܹɾǰȫ֣֤ȫɾɽ繫ϵȫš
ҲչֳʣʲôУͿԿ
ΪٿʩһΪſɺһΪʦܹʩ̡
̾Ϣȴ֪˿̷ͳ³Ҳͬ̾Ϣ
Ǵ˿Ҳӵ۷ʵݻԼȻȻ츳ˣݻķ˲࣬ǺĴڡ
أǿҵĸ˷ȥݣÿ˶ܹһ
ںϵĻǻһʲôĴڣ
ʱ򣬷ıϲЦտƵǰƣͬʱһ̾Ϣһ֣ǷӮˡ
ȻҲ㹻Ļۣ˵ǳܶඥ׶εĻۡ
ŷ쵼ޱԶһϵš
ɽĤݡ
ʦڶ̶̼ʮʱڣڳ۷ĵӣһʦ˵ѾǼѴﵽĳɾ͡
Ǻͷɲһء
Ľͨ˵ΪӰ緢չǰĻۣǰ
Լʦڷͳ³˵ȻԼžԵţȻȴɾãһʦʵԼĸ
תͷΪǲûлὫԼɱ壬ֻҪڻϳУɽҲżʣҶͬһԴ˭ֻһʽѡ
ȻȴѾǵĻ۹ȻɫǱĻۣҪɫö࣡
ζڲõĽǽع鱾壬Ϊһ
Ȼⲻʲô뷨ŻʲôһɫҲã
΢΢һЦҲڶתͷЦôˣڶҪʼ𣿡
ǣҪһϢһֿ֣ˡЦ
ʮһһ֮ʣʮȻҪֿյģһ֣һֿ֣֡գһֱʣĸŲֿա
ɽʷϣҲûõ˼㣬һ·ֿյǿȻĶֶѾ˺ۣȻɳΪһӡ
ŶǿǺ
Ǻ£ڸղţڶѾˣǸǽʵȷʵ۷ĸ־Ʒɵľͻһ֣š
۷壬ƷеѲҪǵĻ㲻ܾˣʱҲóˡЦ
³һ˷ܵĵ˵ͷһսˣΪ׼һʵǸԼõģ۷Ĵڶѣڷ۷Լ֮ǰͲиǿĶֳ֡
³ڹȥʱѾһ㣬þûսսĿʼֻҪǽŻ֣³Ѿϣǽ̲Ҫ·ͱɵͺˡ
һ˷ܵĳ³΢΢ЦЦЩĽĿ˿ԼʦܡȻڻܹϵİͰȥ³ҪǿĶֲܹӵʵ֮ǰǴܵûС
ڳΪĹھ֮ǰҪľǾԼʵҪܵˣ˼ֵĲϣϵŲڵƣԸ߲ҪһЩȵŵʱ򣬲վսʱ򣡡


396 ɵ
չֳʵȷʵϵУѾҲˡ
Ⲣ˵ɵʵôƣʵϳ˽ɼĵӺ˼ĸ֮⣬мϣռݵƣʵôĴ
ǽϵţ¹ɼĸҲǧˣһϲɲҪǿһЩҲһϵӵļޡ
ʸɫĵӣͻᱻṩȥ˵ЩɴͷβֻôɼĺĵӣǸõĵӣȥ˸߼š
ֻڶʱôһս߲мޱȳɫĹټ£Щɢе۷ڸ߲͵ײϣϵŵʱѹԵơ
ڽĽУȻЩϵѾ׼֮ǰսѾٵǣȫûа취ɶԿ
ɵսܼ򵥣ǰǽںƽֱȸǷֶԷĴ֮󣬾ͻֲסԷɵĴӽԷм
ԷֱôˣֱӾͻᱻɵ˸ּҲͼˣúܣԷĶֲǵĶ֣о׷ϣȻޱȵĳԿ
֮ɽ˶ľ
һ·ϣɴһ¼Ǿ֣սĳȻһӶûб߳սģȫߵ
ǵĶǽҲһ¼Ǿڳν֮⣬ֿյ£Ҳûʧеκһӣ
ǲ˺ȫͬսʽкǶĶһ·ɱʵֻʣɣǽ̵ĸ֣ʱھȫĻ
ձǷսһսˡǽڱԼȫʵȻǱǲһЩȻȴǰЩöԸ
ЩĵȻǽֻΣȻǵʵҲֵúˡ۷ĸ֣һ˵ԭǼǰȥĳŵεӵǽɫĵӣȴΪμεѡζʱ۷壬һǧɣɣ
¶ʵڹɼռһЩƣ۷ҲƷ˼ɵӵ˼
˵Ҫսʤǲ̫ѵ飬ȻԼĵʧأֻ߳ɻǰ˳ɵȥμӶԾŵսǾһʧܡ
ؼ˼ĸ֡ŵĸͽҲһҲô˵ͰȫסҴһͬĻٶƫǰõսԣѾˡ
ɭüԭǶı߾ͳ죬ս֮ޱȵϤ֮ǰִ󵨵սԣǳֱʡ
ȫǽ˼ڶص㷢˳ȫõıԷٶİ취ҲΪԼ޷ƽ⡣
ǽ̶һ۷Ĵڣȫһˡ
Ѿӵ˽ɵĵӴɱ˵
ȻĻǾҪıսˡ΢Ц
ùֶԿ˵ĿбݣڿɲĶãȻĻԾŵʱǾûʲôɱˣֺæѵ
ȻǸҵ鶴ȻڴȺƶģĻ£սдƶһӣǵûʲô⡣Ц
ɵĸ߲һ㶣Ȼͻ
ȷʵˡΪɽ֮ǿƶ鶴޷ôĸŵģȻĹ̶սϣԷڵɵĵĴƶȴʲô⣬ϾǶ;ƶ
µѡλսʱ򣬷鶴еһֲʵرƵ£ӲļеĶ֣ǸµŵҲʱʼ˷Ծ
ֻҪǿг;棬鶴Ȼ޷õģǶ鶴Ĵڡ
ڷᣬȻܹһĻɾܹơ
Ǿͺðˣ
ɭЦǼΪնǼԸǼȻ󷴰Χ׵ļǣ
εѡδеڣ˵ģһβμѡδɡ
ǵı֣ԶԶĸǹЩƵϵţѹˣסԷȻȫӿȫߵоҲܷɽǵθڡ
Ϊɽڶսʱ򣬾ġԼĸ߲ͻƶԷһ㣬Ȼ˺ԷķߣһӵϣȻһЩʧȻںڵ׷ɱϣȴܹɼԻ͵ս
֮ǰսУڡڻǽڣԴܼĸִͷ˺ķ֮˹ɽһӵϣ˲ͻԷǿķ㣬ȻڲʼŰ
ɽΪǳսǸ߲ս棬ǿεҪѹģɺҲΪӵƣŻɽ˶ޱϲս
ĳսȻ;ֿһȻı֣ѾڴɽĿĺۼ
ŵѡʵǶɽתġڿЩͨƽҲڿ
ĳչֳԼܹƽǵĿ¼̵ӡڴԼܹΪɵһӣɵɣҲΪҪɣһ룬壡
һ㣬еϵ˵һ㡣
ȴһޱҪ㡪ÿһ꣬һٸμѡεϵŵĴڶż伤ҵᣬΪһٸУԼԽ࣬ôԼɵԽ
Խ󣬾ԽиʸɫӻͶԼŵУűøӵǿ
ڱϣĴ֦ͬ໥֮䲻϶ԿȻ˽£Ϊɵ棬ⷽᣬȴ쳣ҵġ
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ڣųɣһֳ֮ˣⳡĴɵԼɫһ档
꣬һ·漣ٶżдţһսļ
ټѡУǳɫı֣ǹɵĹʡ
򵽷Ȼûһˣ
ȻǽҲ漣˶õֿյǽ̣ɼɵĺߣ
ǲμ˵һֽġһѵһ֣Ϊвμѡεɶʵͦʱܹ̭Լһˣһ漣
ǽһ·ĶǾпԿʵ˵Ķ֣һȽϣȻǸУ
˶ڴɵһβμӾѡξͻú;Ŷһ漣ٴ󵨵ˣҲ뵽յĿ꣬ǽǡڰĴӾŵǸλã


397 
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ȻܵܣС˼꣬ٶȴΪ٣ѾһΪ۷Ĵڣ
֪Լģ۷ΪҪٽһ֪ҪĻۣܷɹ̤һصĲҲһδ֪
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ϾһĵӶǹΪ۷ˮ׼ھҲܹõӵġ
ֻʱǽα֮󣬾ͽʽǰһǿľΪĵӡ
뿪֮ǰҪԼĸһ𣬺úõ赲һɡ
ɵʵȷʵܳɫҲҪȥ赲ǡ
ӶԼĵ֪ܵܵΪʲôŻᴫһȻͷԸˣôԼҪȥ
ƲƲ죬ΪһţȻԼĽ̫ŵĵӣҲ֪Լ̫ڱŵЩһõ̫ڵ洫ȻʣճΪĳϴ̵ĺĵӣͳһţҲǲܵ顣
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ԹһֱԸҲս۹⣬ǧǽܹΪǿϵţҲٲ˳ᢡ
ԸҲ֪ǽڵʵǲɵģϾǽ̴ڵѪɫһѾ͹ȥˡ
ȻĻǵսԾͲΪ˻ǣǾǵӵ
ģȻȴеѡ
ӵ˵ͷ㿴ǵҪ࣬չֳľ۷壬ƷǵǸŷһֱûгֹҲ۷ʵһĻҪĻϣƵġ
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Ŷ˵֪ԼܵȻȴ汾µģϲĵ
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ǵģҲ֮ǰЩûֿԭǲҷֱֱĻ¹ǰ˾ܹǱˡ
ǺЩɲͬҪһ۷ĸ֣
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ȲסǣȻһ֧;Ϯǵıȡþ޴ɱˣЩȻĵ
һ֧һˣ
İƣǵǶֻҪ׼ʱסǵĸǲģǲסǵĸ֣ǵĸֻר־սȻ뿪;Ϯɵı󣬸㿴ǵĽʽµĽǳҪٸɼҪһЩҲ͵ϮǵɣҪ͵ϮģȺɣ
Ϊʲôֵʵ
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а˸ˡЩԥĵ
˸ʲôֻҪǰŵˣ´󣬽ǵİ˸Χڣɺǧֺټϸϲסǵһ֣ԸǣҲֻǰ˸˶ѣֻҪǵĻƣǾͻᱻͳսµӵʵҪɱ˵ȻǺѵ飬Ȼ׼£ֻǴǵĻơⲻرѵɣ
ӻȻĵȷʵˣһֱ˫սԱȣֻǾҪɱǵȴⲢսǱԳأ
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ȻӵеĻƣҲǸ˱ķȷ̶̳ȵģȻۺʵʣԲһ
һˣܵɹΧ£һ˲ᱻûҷ𣬿֮ǰҲԴеĵ˼Ķ֡
ȻıأƱ֮󣬾ҪأҲֻεıͳս
οɳ꣬мһĸ֣ҲضȣǵȻ࣬սǵƴĻӮҲδǣӸ߰ĵ
һ;øˣ۷壬ǿǧӵеȻ˵߼ϣãȻĸȴޱȵȹ̣һЩϸоҲԶԶǸոս۷ܱȵġ
˵ﵽ޵ʱǾͻһЩϸڷ澡Լƣһ˵ͬ۷壬һѾ۷弸ǧˣһŸոմﵽ۷壬߽Ļﵽ۷弸ǧˣضʤ
ӹЦʼã£ʤҲǲܵ
һʤˣǽ̵½˲øӵľ޴
뵽ԼܵܵļгԺ


398 㲻л
ٵʱ򣬼ɽĿ⣬ͶƬ
µżɣƵϵǽ̡
󲿷ֵĵײǣϣܹʤΪһ漣
˺ҲⲻףϣһЩȽֵ飬ǸдԵ顣
һβμӾѡΣͻһĹھսĻᣬǧûгֹ顣
ΪʸսģƵϵţżһ֮ǰûμӹսϵų֣Ҳ޷ôŵΧ֮ѳΧϾǵʵЩƵŸǿ
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Щһ㶼ʵģϾһûԽǿյģɺɣҲڶʱھܹģɢеĽ۷Ĵڡ
ȻɢɶԷ£ɵĵҲвɢɣ֪֮Уǵ̬ȣӵɡ
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ЩɢɫһȺ۷ΪɢɣһʼȭͷΪ
ΪɢɵĴڣǾҪ֧ɣ͵֧Լ
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Դȴ֪
ĳأȻ֮ǰ̭ĳҪöࡣ
֮ǰ̭ĳ޷ҲڷԲһսϣڵĳأһ½Բʮĵ
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᲻ʲô⣿Ϊʲôһֱǰһͬжȴ޴ֱɻĵ
Ц磬ˣڵս֮ǰսҪʮǰսĻҪķѺܳʱҵǵˣһ۷ƷҲǶʱܹԵǵģ֮ҲһѸϵطֻֻϵѣȻǾͻһɳ̯ӡĻǴټʱ֪ͨĸԮܹڶʱǣסǡ
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λһԮٶȣõİɡ΢Ц
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Ϊ׵ǸСֻһֻŵһԼĳһ⻪ֱ
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Ȼ׼Ƿ͵ķҲ޶ȵģ֣䣡
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Ŷ㱾׼ôģ˵˵Ц
Ҳ²֪䶨ˣͽԼ׼һһʮ˵˳
ܺõ뷨ϧ޷κε顣ͷȻ
ΪʲôӲ
Ϊ£͹һģҵĶӳ³ԣһᶼС΢Ц


399 ǰ޹˵ΰҵ
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ڣȺսɵǾ͸˼ˡ
ɵĵǿʼԲεͺˣȴɽӺ͹Χм䣬λˣ˷Χס˶Էʣµˣȴм㹻Ŀռˡ
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̫ڵŵӣ֮ǰսֶΣȻֶȴǲһеó񶷣еóȴûʲôѧġ
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Ӻ͹Ӵ̾Լĵùľѹ֮£ֵ֮սۺͰڿֱһЦ
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400 
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ʷһδӷͻΧΪھһ·ңʤϵţûһӱսⱾһ漣
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ԴɲȱϾʥ˲ٵĺôʯһֱԼɷٷչһؼϾŪģֻԴϵʮϵĿɡ
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νʯɵĲֿǺúõķӯһѡ
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ϵôҪ˵п϶ֹôˣκǶк̨ЩɫĵӣϴȥˣԲֻӵʵ
ûк̨չһЩСȻ£ȴʤɵĵط
ϣ˵ɽģͺʵһϵͻŵȻȥˣôܻУ
أоǣǿҲֻ΢Ц˵һ䡰Ǻǡ
ô˵ȺϵţȻһˣҲȷʵֵýһ¡
ȻøעģǸһӵꡣ
ֱȡ󣬳³һʮַӵ쾡¡
жֻԼĽʺ
ʵʵӲȳ³޵±ȳ³֪ã͵Եޱȵļʵ
ȻսУֻ̫̫࣬࣬һĳ³һ
һܲһ㣬ȻڵЩǣͶԳ³ŨȤ
ڷĵ죬һִ˸ͷ׽ĨǵĴ³Ϣ
ϧǣλԳڽڵִ£ҲͽڵĽֱֱȥ仰ʹˣһϢû͸¶
ˣûôôˡ
꣬ͥʮִ֮һڡ
ִ´ݹ٣ʤ̿֡
˵ǰݷõʱ֪¿ûô״ˡ
ӭʱסԲɣɽ簲Ǻ׵ģפҲκǰšȻڲͥżȨʮ󶥼ϴҪԱӵʵĸ֣Ҳû̫塣
겢ûжֻ֮ǵ˵һ䣺˴γɼȻͥҲйⰡ
΢΢ЦЦ⵹ʵϾȻͥʽˣȻȴǹͥһְȡôɫĳɼͥҲӡ
ֻС£ֵòִһ
Ҫ£ͥȷʵһĽҪȵսȫ֮󡣡

һϲΪͥһˮţÿܹԼ̵ְοͥͥյĸԴһ֣ǾҪɽ벻Ҳѡ
·ĳĵ˼лȴںİ˰֣Ȼնǽ̵ľսУӾλ꣬Ǻε
֪ϷˣҵĶӣڱԵżĳ֮ӣĸһڱԵʵڼ࣬Ҽ㽫Ϊͽܣû뵽Ľ֮죡
ͽܣ
ǳԾˣʵתУ˵ĻģֻܿǵĶӺ͹Ҳֶ洦ȥ˵Ծǲ꣬Ҳǵһ֪λɫ۲꣬ȻǷĵӣ
ǾеˡΪԭ򣬶֪ģɽ磬һʱ䣬ŵɽ粻þ˳³ӣҲŶꣿ
ôɽʱҲƷڷٮٮߣܹڲʱ۷壬Ȼޱȿ٣ҲԽܣ³ڳΪͽ֮ǰֻһͨ˵Ļôʣͼˡ
ĪǴͶʦ뵽һԡ
ҲʱȻԼ츳ֵЩ޵ĽȻȷʵû
΢Ц츳ȷʵƽʱġ
ԵĹ
˿̵УѾˣѾǽڵмˣǧͣ𣬽ʵ𼶱Ҳϡ顣
ȻͶ뽣һϵ£һ·ǵõͽΪ۷Ƕ߰
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Ǵȡճ³ΪͽܵģڿԼҪǽ̳³Ļᵢ˼ҵǰ;
ɽ磬ߵȼҪһ͵ȼɵĵΪͽܵ൱ټģϾͼŸߵȼṩ˲ŵ񣬸߼Ǹ߸ϵѡЩͼеĳɫӣȥҪĳͼɵĵͶԼ¡
³չֳ̫ˣҲòҪ½ڵӡ
Ͼڽ˵һ˳ɫĽߣǾ翴һһ㡣
ܸʲôĴۣҲҪȥ
굱Ȼ֪һɣû˲ŵȻڽǣȻҲԷ㹻Ĳ
³һĽߡЩĵ
֪΢Цȷʵкܶ츳ģľ֮壬Ȼľ֮壬ҲǷھŸ֧֮һѣ³أпߣ˶ڽ˵ֱܹڽΪһ
пܣϣܹͶҽڵ¡Ȼͽܣֻҽѧϰ㿴Σ֮£ϴ̣ǧţһһɵĲǽھԲġ
ֱ֮˵ĵ
ͷ˿ԼʮָȻ̧ͷ飬ҵͬⲻͬ⡣
꿴Ļ
³Ը뿪û뿪ĵõѡν֮˵
ͨҲòЩϲ⣬˵Ȼãѡνû⣬֮ҽȻҲϡ
Цŵ˵ͷȷʵ֪³ܹﵽʲôĸ߶ȣԼóҲûʲô̫ɽģ޷ǾԼʵǿ֮Գ³ĥϸѣ³ԸȥڵĻȻ赲
ôһڣ³ʲôɾͣҲɺ޾ĻɽҲǴɣϾкܶɽĸ֣ǳ͵ɣǶЩ͵Ҳչˡ
֪ԼٵĻһǿĶ֣οȫɾһֱһԣԼ˵ĻɵĽô죿
ܵö׼ǡ


401 С
ںܼ
ΪڵҪԱ֮һԽڵҳϣӹɵġ
ÿڵĵ˵ɽڲģ̫ڵЩһǸ˵飬ҵ츳ꡣ
ڳڲǰģɾһ츳ꡣ
ֱ罣۲䣬һǰ߱еŵ㡣
Ҫǣֻһʮ꣬һὣʦѾһͨƽ񣬱һ۷弶ĸ֡
ڶսУһлͬΪ۷Ĺӣ֤ⲻһоĽߣһӵź;һӸ߳һսĽߣ
ڵӣǿߣڽܹӸλģضЩսɫˣ
Գ³չֳǱпܳԽ꣬ΪӳɫĽмᡣ
Ѿȥг³ˣֻҪٵһܵõ³ͬ⣬ѡ֮ó³ǰȥѧϰ
Ȼ
Ҳȥ³ҡҡͷ򵥵ĵ
ΪʲôڽԵõõԾĵ
ʦߣʮ겻Ҿͳɳڵˮ׼ҵĽκεط³ش
꿴˷һۣЩǲǷ˵ЩʲôȻܿʹͷԸĻҪò³
ʦһֱûʲô
һǽˡ³ɾǿҡͷ
ڽڣܹѧָʽָǿĶֽΪʦ޷ġȥ˽ڣΪʦĵӣɣʱԻ
Ȱһ䣬³ԸȥȻǿȻ³ȥѧϰǲ൱ȥԺɵˣ⣬ôҲù
ͷ³ɵˣ³г֮޵ݣôҲͽ벻˹ϵĸ棬ʲôϵ
Ļ³Щԥˡ
ȥ˽ڡʦͽܣʡ
ЦȻǣȥڣֻѧϰôý֣Ҳܸ˵ĶԲԡ
ѡأ³ʡ
ѡ㻹Ǻһ𣬵ѡνȥش
Ǻðɣͬ⡣³˵ͷ
Ҳں³ƺӦúǿӣֻҪȥѧϰǾͲᱻ飬һĽߣȥѧϰǽڵĶ飿
²ѸٵĸˣҪϱڣó³ȥĸѧϰҲҪϲͬġ
һֱڱչأǱڵڷɽڵ³Ʒɽǻᱻһѧϰ
кܶལ֣
뿪֮󣬳³֮һ䡣
Ǻܶࡣ
˵ͷսʱ򣬴ѩһգôĽɷһĺƺƵɱʥ龰ֻɼĽڵӣڵЩ𼶱ĸ֣жǿ
ٷ֪ԼԶԶǲĶ֡
ɽܴҲܶ࣬ȻѾվ㹻ߵλã棬ǿĴڡһĽߣҲҵʵܹ֮ǿ󣬿ĻʵԶᳬҡΪʦϣҵͽʵԶҡĳ³ͷȻ
³˵ͷ
õģʦҳ֮󣬾ͻصġ
ЦôҪˣΪϾͻٳΪ۷
ʦܰȥ˽ҪúõĪҪʦӡһ֮
ǶҪһ£ҪңǵðѴʦֵλøҡ³һۣޱĵ
ʦ㿴תͷ
ҡҡͷúϢɣԾŵսһܼıء
ֲóֹ֡һ䡣
ûϢ³һ
ھǰ죬ɵĶڸˮ档
ĴľУСĸ
ʵĸɲСģڡҩںͷڵɣս϶ҪһȻǵλȻѡΣǲġ
㲻Ĺźʹ°ȥսϰһ㡣
ţڶɣ̫Ԫš
ĸľУһɡ
ȻȻɣʵҲԶԶĳϵţһ۷壬ˣɣǾŵı׼ãȻĻɱޱȣû㹻˼ΪĺģҲ޷ɱܾƾɱֵܹһ
йעѡ˵Ȼ˿սڵȻȴΪܹĸеκһ
Ͼźϵ֮ʵ̫޴ȻѾԶԶĳһϵŵʵܹһߵھһ֤Ǻ;űž޴Ĳ
ںܶѾע⵽ɽǳĿбݣ漣һĿýֶԿһɣ˵һǰĴ١Ǿǽ׮ÿƶ
ǶʮɣбݣҲܹԿɣĸеκһɣֹɡ
˷棬ɵʮ˵ãѾϵǿȻ;ŵ˱ͬòһ
οŵţɫĴڡ۷壬ܹԸ
ܴκη濴ɶûκӮĻᣡ
˵еĳʱͻȻԼʵǼ۷Ϊĸ֣նȴԼʬʵ۷壬ôһ˿Ŀԡ
ֻû㹻۵¾նȴʬǼζһԭпܳΪҲκεĴ޴ˣҲ
ʱ顣
˭Ҳû뵽ڶ̶̵ʱڣǷͬһޱĻۣһķɺ͸򡪡ʽһֱͺɽԼеʿǶһؽһͨĽͷǳĿ١
ʱפء
ΧʮɵҿбݣĹ۲ܡ
ΧһǧϥһƬɽΧм䣬ÿɶųԼĶһҪķͻڵһʱ乥ȥ
ɽ࣬ɵڹĦ˵Ħһ·նȴʬḶ́ҲԼնȴʬżĺô
λѣ֮֮աԸɾʹ˵һᾡɡ
˵ûо̫ţϾ֮ǰһЩУѾ֪ĻԶ֮ϣֻ뱾壬ܹǿ
ŷ˫ĿʹԸֻԸܳΪɽһڡ
Ըɽƽκֶ򡣡üëһ
ʦ΢΢һЦԸͽܹɾһҵ
˵ģϣġ֮⣬ϣߵ˶ãܹһ𣬿ֵȥûķգûΣգǾҵȫ뷨ˡ΢΢Ц
Ĭһ£ȻͬʱԷ΢΢
Ըͨ˵һ㣬ޱ߼ʡ
ԸСö࣬һˣ
ʱǷٶںϣСִԸ
γһ֣֮ϡ


402 նȴʬ
ȻˣǱžͲٷϻˡ
ŷлһվȴûԭء
кܶ˵ķǲԼɵģնȴʱ򣬱ҪѾ˼һһȥȻܣһã֣ȴû໥˱屻գΪһȫµ˵顣
ֻϾǷںܶϲ籾ôƣĴܼˣڴ֮УҲԵҪܶġ
ڷһͬսȴһַ֮⣬Ҳв֮
٣İǣѾԶһ˷Ҫǿöˡ
Ҳѹ֣ƹһţµԼʩ̵ʦĸûûǣ
۾Ҫһ·նȴɸ߲ǣǰͻȻһŷʧǵǰ
СŪʲô飿նȴҲǿȥǸʲôδռȥ𣿡
̲סԹոձԹһ䣬Ժоͳ˷ŷδռе龰
ɽλ˼ɸ߲㣬Ժͬʱ龰
ڹɼģʵ˷Ӱ쵽ԼУҲûַԼնȴʬĹչָǹۿ
˵һʼ÷˿ӷƨһ٣ɽؽţֻӶɲõȥδռԿ
һ֮ϣһͽܣڼǰֻͬʱɫһ䣡
ҿǶǷ֮ҲǷܵսʦͽӲĽɫı˹໥˼ۣɫŹ֡
ԭ쵰ȥôʮ꣬ȥˣһֱˮƢĺõаҲ̲סһ䡣
øƭ˵ȥδ֪ǿѹ⼸ʮȥδ֪ǿҲкܳʱȴû㣬ԭûȥδ֪ǿհˣʼˣɺ죬ҧгݵĵ
δ֪ռڣ廯һ߹ɵĸߴʵʿȫףֳһؽһܣɢ˵İ׹⣬ʥﵽ˼ǿĵزӵе
ıĸɢŽɫâĳصƮ
ܹ֤˿̵ʥʹ۷塣
ŷϵϴһ˿ŭɫĶѧ׶
ʱĽôɣؽŷȥЦ
ʲôа洫
ŷŭХһ˫ַų⣬ӲĵؽһŷǷһģҲǿıԴܹ֮ԱǿƿһС
ŷҲķŭϵԱԴţƾˣ
ǷȴӲӲĺӲƴÿһηؽŷĸ첲޴죬ȹ̵δռ䶼һ˿𵴡
ȻӲӲô֮ŷͻȻ֣Լޱȳӯʼ֮ıɢ
ʲôаŷŭӵʵ
ɲʲôаʥص㡪ȻǱȽϺõĴʣʵںҵɽ˶ԿʱʥصǸʴһһĸʴʴ壬ҲܸʴЦ
Ȼ֮ŷ˿̻Щڣŭݡ
ˣа֣֮ؼʹˡʥ꣬ѧһʥȴȻҲԭԸѣֻΪչʾĻ۶ѡ
ŷҲǿһɽˣжԸʥֵľ飬Ҳ׵ıʥʴŷȻɾӪúȴȱԸʥֵľ飬һСģ˷ļı
ŷҡҡͷĻۣѾˡǱ壬ֻĪҪʥԸͬ
Ȼ˴۷ʥȻͲҪõ̫࣬ڶԸʥĸֵʱͻȻóһˣЦ
ŷЦ⵹ǲϧǿˣҪľ棬ʥʱı飬Ҳܾʰɣ
Ц֮ŷϥȻԼ֣˷ϡ
Ҳ̹Ȼ֮ƾŷԼҪ֮
ŷ˼䣬ȫ⻪ʢһɴǿֱӾӿ˷ڣŷλϻľ飬Ҳ˷ڣ
۾ϸŷһС
նȴҪѷɵ˫ս֮һĸԸĽԼ֪һУ͸Էں˶ԷΣҪģں϶ԷľۣΪ߻ĲΡ
۷֮һ㻷ڵѾʵı仯ֻнľȫ룬ܹ츲һı仯
ȷ۷ʱ˾һˮͰѾװˮһΣ޷ɡ
ںͷں֮ӵˮͰܹɸˮȥøӵǿ
۵Խ࣬ӵԽδҲ˸Ŀܡ
׶εĻۣ޵ģҲֻзĹֲţܹڶʱ֮ڣ۴ﵽĳּޡ
۾ʱǰŷѾȫʧֻһϮŷĳۡ
ϸĵãȻδռһ
ŷʧˣľѾȫı̳С
һ֮ҲɽվȻʧ˵ǰ
ǷڷΪɣһ߾ϵǧ򻯡
ҲǷоḻһɽþֶɢɣ֮ͨеĵһ
˶ϸĿζԸԼģȻһ̣ͬʱ
Ϊ˿ѾΪһ߰ɵľˣӿŽɫġ
Ҳȥˣ
̲סѵһξҪ÷ˣ
֮СӵԽԽˣǰǾͨϵǾ֮ͨû뵽ҵʱȻһӣ
ֿʹЦʱӷҴ·ʱܹ뵽н죡
صǴݻһУǧ򻯣ŷͬһɽ編ٿȫһ㣬Ȼȴ޸նһ㣬һһµȥ
㼸·ֻһ·ȥ
ֱɢзӲĻ
̾ϢһͬԼľ򣬾͸˷ֻһϮۡ
ֵʦˡ
ʦǷ
һ֮Ԫ
ֳ˷⡣
ƾԪݺᣬȴԳһ壬ʵʵ
Ȼһһ˶ԷӴķֱѹʦĵֿ
ʦ΢ЦȻ
ֳȻҪһЩܹ˳ĺǶԿҲ΢Цͬĵˣ¶ͬ΢Ц
Ȼֻʣ˷ıһһײ¡
ͻȻãǹĦնȴḶ́Լûʲô洦ġɭͻȻ
ȷʵˡǲһԼɫĵطȥ֮辶ٶǿû
˷׷׵ͷȷʵˣ˷֮⣬ƺȷʵûܹľܹ


403 ڴ
ѾǴ۷ˣ㿴ŷɵʵ
ȻʬնȴˣǴ۷ʲôЦ
ôһûУ˵ͻƵ۷ʱ򣬿ǻ콵ףֶ֮һ۷壡ĵ
ȻʧЦ
û°ɣϴЩ֮⣬ɽ磬ҲֻǧٸܶѣҲֻǴ˰ɣ
ӦòһģϾĻۣͻƵ۷֮󣬿˵ɲ޵СôҲӦûһЩɣЩĵ
ЦЦû˵һͻƵʱֳĶĴ󣬺ӿ𣬵ӲĽѧԺԺȻ֮ÿͻȴʼԵϢˣ˴½ͻƵɾʱҲûŪٵ
ز¶갡ֻ΢ЦŻشһ䡣
顣һôƶӣҲʼԽѡһġ
Ȼûܹ漣ƺԴӴ۷ֱͻƵ𾳽磬ǿڳӣ;Ĺǡ
ҪðһˣȻĻڵҪεѺκһŶԿüͷ
ţڿֻƴסԷ֣ȻȥԷţŵҲܹǱɾ֮ǰԷŻܣǲܹӵһа˵˵ͷͬ˼Ļ
ζԿסǡ⽫һѵ飬ȻܶѣҲҪĶԷҪ޷˳֯ɱ
һؼ
ɵĸ߲ż֮ѡʱ򣬷ͼһͬƿ߽ʱפص
ʵҲǲġ
˵˶׷̧ͷŷ
ΪѾ֪ǽĶ˭
˭̫ڵ𣿡ֺһ䡣
ǽڵġ
ЦڵĶɡ
ǡ
ǻǲ˽⽣ڣڵˣ˵һȺӣǶսżȵ׷󣬵ʱҳҪսǵţа˳ɵĿܣǵŻҾһʤĵ
ĻǺðˡɭ
Ȼǲܰϣȫļһϡüͷ
ȷʵˣǲܽϣȫļһϣϾпܲҵսҲпܽսȴû뿪ս£ǾֻķȥסĵӣҶ׷ǵͳսؼǣɱô£
ڽĬȻ
ȷʵһ⡣
ɱʲô״ʲôԭģھ֮µ˵һ޴š
ǾУҲֻźӢܹɽߵĻ֮һûй¶Ŀܡ
ɵһսǽڲ²ɱҪǾ󲿷ֲֶܹ߶ģһ´˵ĻôɸûκγɹĿԡ
˵Ҫôࡣҵ˽زѾǼߵĳɾˣûΪţϵŵһƺӲ˵ģҵֻҪʵгɹһ졣ޣҲǵȲһꡣ
΢ЦĻȻеģϾʱ˵û̫壬ʵ϶˵缸껹ǳټΪţ𲢲
ΣеǷΪѾԼĲˣɽ磬һɰҪԼʵܹԼڽĳЩȥɱȴ̫Σ
ҺúϢ죬ȴľս
ʱ䣬úܿ졣
֮ڣĹھֱŽ˽յĽûκ⡣
ڷɱϵţ϶ʧأౣɵֻһ֧ƫͽԷ𣬼һ˾ȡյʤ
ϵź;֮Ĳ𣬾ô
˶һ˺ܴȤȻɺ;Ŷɱž޴Ĳ𣬿ǱϾȫӦãܹþһЩɣ
Ӧܹɺܴ鷳ɣ
վĳأǷһСʵҲǸϵŵһŴϾ۷壬ڿռȽխĵط˲ܹ߱ϵŵκֶζ̫á
ŴҲûУսΪһϵþٶķҲ޷ֲ;֮ĺ蹵
ȻҶ֪ɵŷӵһռ䣬ûдﵽʵʱ򣬾СǧĳЩЧȻھԵʵ֮ǰЩƺû̫ô
յѡʼʱ˶ûжɱ̫ϣ
Ȼȫǿսϵʱ򣬷ʹ
źڣСӷǰոոͻƵ۷壬Ըսһ
ʱˣסˡ
ǰڶУֻһ۷ˣھѾﵽ˴۷壿
̶̼ڣնȴʬԼ
̫ϧˣ
һ겻ʱ䣬۷ţȻΪһŵóȻԼʵû㹻Ļۣ뽫ٽһ
ǿĴ۷塭Ĵ۷ޱȾ޴Ĳ
һͷ
Ⱥһ㽣ڵϲ²ͬģ۵Ľǣͬʱ˷Ļ
Ȼһݹӣһ۵ӣ¶΢Ц
ȻСҶսҲˡ
˵һ֮󣬶ܾвһƽԭɿһս
áһ䣬Ϣ
Ȼû˵ĴƽԭȻܼ򵥣һȥܹǻġ
£ɽ˵ע֮£֧ʼͬʱΣһͬķǰ
һǻۣ֮Ϣͬһϯһ㣬죬ޱȡ
һԵҶˣȻɴͷɵм׼ʱ֧Ԯ࣬ͬнֹ
ɽ磬ɣҲӵһ֧
˫ܳĬһֱĳһۿ˶Էо̳ʱ
Ȼ˫Ѿ˵ԼôͲ˻ԼսʱȻ伫ĽУɣΪɽЦ
ڵĶɣǲмֶΣɣҲֶͬΡ
ǾʹƣɵͬͷеѾһϢˣⷽ滹ˣʲôеĻɽȵס
˫ĴͣԶԶǧ֮ң
˵룬Ҳ㲻ʲô
ͷԼЦЦȻһһ߳ɵĴ
ɵĵǿʼ׼ˡǵԼĿбݣ׼ʱҲͬ˸Ϊ޴ĿбݣǽǵֿԷ˵ҪĳԱ
һһ˳ȥ
ŷ
ɵĴһӰ˳
¶ţܡ
Ⲣʲôҫǵһ˴ﵽ˴۷ʱǳƺĵŵʱ򣬱ضںϴ֡
һҫ
ڵķչֳľд۷ӦеʵʱǲŻֺ棬֡


404 ʤ
̶̼֮ڣʹ۷۷壬ϣ㲻ǿԼʵĻ޷ﵽĵزǲ˵ʧɽʧ
Ũüһ
ЦͷܼǹңСѭ򽥽ðǰ˸ӦųɹնȴʬڵΪ
ܵ˵ͷ˵ֻΪ㷽һ£Ȼ˵ţҲ˵ʲôϾҲǷʦ
˴ܾ磬ûбֻ֮ͷڴ˿ѾСǧĳΣ󣬻˹лһӦãǳ档
ͷͬһƬɳһ㣬ǵء
¶ҲڵĸսʱǲġվǰһͷͻȻŹâһƺƵĻƹ⣬ӶܵͷðͬһƬɳĮһ˷
ͷͬҫһ޷ɫǻɫ
ƬɫͬǿһĴӷ֮ɢ˳Ͷɢײһ
Ǵսʱ̽
ܹͷųٵζڴܾжǿսȻսҪ˫ʽԼսչֳȴҲһĳ̶˵⡣
˿ȻɾޣǱϾǰųΪ۷壬ӵ㹻ĻۣҲӦòƵĴ˶ܣȻ˫ǧĵصﴦײ֮󣬾ȻǷɢռƣ
ƹ֮ɫڿײһ֮󣬻ƹ⿪ʼ𲽵ıѹһһˣ
ɵĵǶһȻǽһȻϾǾţܵʵҲǼΪǿȴû뵽ᱻһųΪܵռƣ
֮ѹŻƹ⵽ﴦʱ򣬾ͻ˻˹֣ǰˡ
ԭƽ¶˿ȵĹâ
ǽڵӵص㡪ǿеʱǵĵһӦ˷ܣ
ããã
ЦȻǺη
ȻĽֻһͷʽ˵ʤǶȴɣȻľͳ˷ʵԼ֮ϡ
ǱҿսΣ
ܰγԼĽ
ڵᱡĳͬܵĽһ񽣡
Ҳĵӣͷųˡ
ֳֳǰһ֮أΪҵĵ̡
ڵӵص㡣
øߴ׳ǣ˿ȻֻһˣȴȻǧơ
ҲȻǰȥ˿ǰٶȲ죬ȴڼ̵ʱھͿԽ˱˴֮ľ롣
һ
һϺȣк񽣵ͷ¡
ȻֻǼ򵥵һȴͬɽͷһͬѹ£Ϣ
˫ͬʻһţ˲ӡ
֮֮ڷо֡
ֲͬķһμӭһ
ɳϣ
һϺȣк񽣴Źâһն£
ͷųľǿķһ֮£ɢ
ҫۣһ֡ܲΪȻĵ
ǽڵĵΪֻҪһ֣ף
ǧ㷨죬ֻҪһ֣;ηԷ
ڶһն㷨ʱ򣬷˾ͬһƬëһƮǷϵ޵֡
Ʈķһ׻Ŷܵͷȥ
ףˮףлף֮ףһ˲ƺΪϵһһģһƬϣεİΧм䡣
˿壬һ·裬׹ը죬ȴ޷˵һ˿һ
֮󣬶һӲĴӷͷų׻һ·˥ڿеķ
һޱȣס˷ΣȥĺǣҲҪջз֮󣬲Żɢ
˫ٶһ
һƬƾð֮һĻ֮˲Լǰ˺ϡ
ȻмĽĭɣ˲䲼µ˺صķҲ֮£ôѣ
һֱ𽥵ڿɢҲһΣµ
ȻͿ˴ӲԶ̽Ķܡ
ڲƷȻǵĽȴһһͣϢ
ҪôԷ£ҪôԼ¡
ѾԼܽĶܣ֪öԷ
ͬĶԿ£һýڵĸֽϾζŽڸֵʤ
Ȼڵĸ֡
ڵĸ˵ǰһ֮أǵ
֣һķ
һķţð˳
һ֡
Է֣Գ棡
йսķڵ˳ԾĽ˳
Ƿڵķߵľ硣
֣һǧԳ棡
ڵפأüķ¶һ˿΢Ц
ѧգֻһµʱ䣬ڷڷϵʵѾκһ洫֮£
ϧһЩڵ롣
ַ˲Ͳ˶ܵȫ
ңĳͷͣ͡

ȻֻǶ˶̶̵ʱ䣬еĿҫһɫĹâ
ƣ
ܷһϺȡ
Ȼ壬ɱţȻĽȴѾʼˡ
ˣ屻סͲһ⣡
һźɽƣͷ
ʤѶ
ǾۿⳡսԺͷ
򷨽ƣ޹İ취
һУð˼㲻ɫ
һҪն죬Ҳնҵ죡
һҪƵأҲ̲ҵĵأ
ҵһСأһƣ
¡һ˫ǿ׳ĸ첲һҫǿһӣӲĻ˳ȥ
ıԴҲսʱס

һ죡
һǿĲӷܺĵط˿ȥ˫ĵӶ֮ңɱһɲվȣ
ȻǶסһ
Ӵѣ֣ȴɼʯ˿
һ̣ͻԼȭ
ȫıԴһȭ֮У
һȭоַƣһơ֣ĳȭͷ֮ϡ
Դϵ֮
һȭѾ˷ȫ
һ̣һѧѾȫһȭ
ڣһרעڽ֮⣬
ȴǲ֮γԼһ޶ص㡣
׵¾ԪռԴ֮
һ̣ȫ˷ȭ֮ϣ
ܵɫˡ
Ľһ֮⡣
ǰһ֮أ˿Ѿû˽ıӡ
һȭֵס
ˡ
ȫġȫ⡢ȫĳˡ
˵ʱҲǳǰĺˡԼĽԼ
ǡ
һȭûܹڶܵϡ
Ȼ˲صԼɴеʱȴһѪ
ɫѪҺ
һȭȻûܹжܣȴѾ
ܵĻһԭĹѸٵȥڿƮƺһ̾Ҫȫһ㡣
ǲû飬ܻסһĻ
ɵĵǿʼĬĬתˣȻûܽͳսô
йսȴһĬȻ
ʤˣ
ͻƵ۷壬ͻһƵĴ۷壡
֤ͻƣˮɣ
ôѸٵĴﵽʵĻ۵ģ


405 ɱ
һȻתԶԶĿŷ
һôѾˣ
ⳡѡΣϵҶɵǰ;ҲԲʹ䣡
ʤңɣ޷ʤҶɣ
¶һ˿Ц
ѾþԼа취ȴֻܰܶܣ޷ͳս
ζţһ̣ҪԶɵɱĳ
ûзϻ
𣬳Ŷɵس˹ȥ
ҪŶܳûп֯ɱ
ɵӣһ˲䣬Ҳͬɽ鱬һģ˶
ҿбݣڿնһĳ˶ɵӪ
ҿбݣ϶ʮ۷ͷųģܹɶԿǿ
֮ǰĽѾʹùˣԭǼ򵥣׮ŲƵбȥʡҪʮ۷ܹõͬʱҲĽ׮޷ƶ⣬һ˼롣
ڵĸǿ֤ųɫ֡ʵҲ֪βѧ֮ͻصɣ׮ԭĿбĽҲǺ顣
ȻʱȴЩӶɳ
ɵǧɣֳʮӣţʮӴ͹ӵĻеżս룡
ʮӹɣͬһȻԼ
һǧǿҵĹ⻪ʮ߻еżڣȻʮ߻еżͨһźԼһ
Ʒһ
ںһɵܹӳƷ˶Կ
ʲôĴڣ
ɱڵģ
βɵһͬ˵ʱҶɿܵķʽںԼɽѧʮ߻еż
ɽ磬ֱǵ߸һĴڣ
ɽĹ࣬ȻԶԵģҪˡ
˵һǧɣֻһܹɹɵĻôһɣҲδһܹˣ
ֻеżܹƹ㿪ĻɽĹܹѸٵ˵
οܹأܹԿܵĻɽɵϣö
ڵĸɫʱɵĵһѾ˳ȥ
ɵ¾ǧɶסԷĹƷ׷ѣͳս
ǡ̲һЩɵֻеżٶһĻɾͻв˱ͳսˣ
ڵһⷢĸߴ˳
Ȼɵĵȴ룬һǧɱͳսôܻɵģ
ǴŭţԼڵԴԴϵͽµĿбݣǰĻеżڡ
һȸղŸ貵Ĺ⻪ɵĴɨ˹ȥ
սʱ򣬿ʼ˰Ȼ
ɵĵǵȴŵڶöɵʵһʱ򣬶ҲʼչֳΪһŵʵ
վǰһŲӿһɵĽӳԼĺ񽣡
ɼ巢ĹӿµĲӶܵĽ֡
ɼ巢Ĳһ֮£ҷ
ХĽƺһ㶼ûܵһ㣬ɨ
սʮ߻еż˷ˮѩһ㣬Ϣľڻˣ
ôܣ
ɵĵӼ󾪣ʮ߻еżʮĴģǴ۷һҲ׵ĴݻǣȻڶһ֮£ȴû˿ĵֿ
һкǿ
ڴݻʮ߻еż֮µޱǿĳɵĴӿ
Ʋһǰ壬վеɵӵǰ
һӡԪͷһصйâڷǰӲĵֵסһ
Ȼȴܵ˾޴𶯡
ۣ
³һѪһĺôôǿǡ
ûҶɵɱ
ָܵ죬ƾˡ
ɱҶĳȫɵӵ֮һ壬ھ棬Ҳһս
ܵ쳹ս
ԭɱĳʵʰĴڡֻҪڣеɱڣôɱڣ
ڶܵһͷųԼȫԴԴϵ͵˶ܵڡ
֮ɵĹɵӣͬĽԼԴԴϵ͵ǰ˵ڣֲǵ
ɱģܹںɵĴڣ
һŵеֽԼںһʱţ˺𼶱ĸ֣һϳ̵Ŀԣ
ˣŵɱԭġˣһʼչսƴǶ˾ˣҪܹƴɣʮ˵ĻŵǲûӮĻᣡ
ֺɫȻĵ˵ȷʵˣɱҪɻʣ¶ˣȻһǧɵӣֵȴɲǷԶܵһƣܹģ
ɵĵƴ˶ɵЩֵĻԷڵԸһ˵Ķܼϼʮˣ治ûлᣡ
ڣȻûˣֻʧʮ߻еżȻԶԷںϳһ˷֮⣬ˣﲻʲôæ
ɣȷʵɽһ˼Ĵڡܹڲʱǿɽȷʵƿǰ󣡿Ǿźϵ֮ĺ蹵ȴڵܹԿģ
гƽ٣ңңĶ׼˷
Һ㣬Ҳɽ磬֮£ҲǵһˣȻϵҶǷܹΪţҲκε
ڣʧܰɣҽɣɨս
˵仰еĺٶ£
˿̵ĺ񽣣ѾٽǴ۷ıɵɱ
һɿʵĽХ˷
Ȼһ̣ɵеӣʧս֮С
üͷ
ԼӳһûеִԷսôԷʧˣ
ȻͿΨһԭصķ΢΢Ĳһ£ȻϣͬʱѪ
Ѫķͦˡ
ʱȴЦЦúܿġ
̧֣ͷĹһӡһָ
һӡͷųһͬ貵ĽͶܻӳǵײһ
޴ײǿɢݡ
ܴ˿еɱסеĵӣȻʲô⡣
ȻҲƺûκε⡣
һҲûкˣǿǰ֮Զʧˡ
ƽϢʱ򣬷һ˹¶վԭأûκε˺
йս˶۾
ⲻѧ
һȻ˿·磡
˿ɢƣǴ۷壬ʲô
۷壬ֵܹסһ

Щɵһ䡣
ҵı
ĨһԼϵѪʧ֮Żشأڣɵɱ
ɱ
ʲôʱҲƳԼɱ
ɫɲܿó֮ǰɣʲôɱ֪ڡ
ǲɱܵԹ˲֪ܳ
룬룬롣Ц
һӡͷͷǿϢ


406 ͣս
ڶ׼ͷųڶɵĵǿʼãȻ֪ʱ򣬷תȫ鶴죬еɵǶװ˽ȥ
ֻǰڷɴ½ʱԷʱɨµİ˵װʮʿǽɴ½ϵʿƽװȥҲʲô
Ȼɽ磬ɽѹͱȷɴ½Ҫǿö࣬ҪװȥĿʮˣǧɣʮ۷壬ټȫ°ĿбݣװҲνôһװȥô࣬ɵϵû鶴ıܵʲô𺦣ȴ÷ܵ˾޴𶯣϶Ѫ
ɵĵͻȻսʧҲţΪ׵ĸ߲㶼鶴ڴȻ֪ǷĪ鶴ԼһȺˣսܵˣΪ׵ĶЩţûн鶴ɵǣѸٵĳ
ʱһֱ鶴еС쵰ҡͷԵܵ˼ǰһѱȴС쵰ûƽʱϰģ̧ͷŽԼһǿĻ֮ͷ˳
ɻ֮ͷų֮Ϊһâ˿У˲ͱøɸɾ
˹ȵԼȫͷųŶԵУ
Ҳ֮ˣô鶴ڣȻΪǵİȫϾսϣ㱻˻ƣҲǻ͵ս֮⣬̫⡣
ð˵ķҲҪٶȽ˶Ū鶴ڣΪ˵˵һͬԿɵɱ
֮ǰûκεν˵ںһԿԷ˽⣬鶴ڣֻҪԼͷųôܹԷž޴İ
Ҳô࣬Ϊսϣ϶һ˶Ըһɣúҵģٽ;ˡ
ҿ⼸ʮʱָӵǵģ˷ŷ֮ǼԼϣ϶ԼǼΪΣڼһ֮󣬳ҲͬʱԼǿͷ˳ȥ
ôΪ׵ϴǴͷĵϸ룬Ҳ׷׽Լͷ˳ȥ
Щںһͨ鶴ӿ˷ڣȻ͵˹һӡ֮ڣס˶ɱǾ춯صһ
ڵסɱĵڶ֮󣬷֪Լ뷨ûκεĴ
Ȼɱĳ޴ıɵһͬʹãֻҪһ壬еһõĻôɣҲȱ塣
Ȼǹһӡ
һӡΪıһƷΪʱɹʼһֱڷߣҲȻӵзص㡪ݡ
ֻһƷʿʱ򣬷ԹһӡΪý÷ӪѧԱһչֳܺͱǿʮٱı߾ͬ
ںڷð֮Уʲôʱû뿪ģһӡ
һѧӣһӡҲڸָ֮£ԽܹһУһ㣬Ǿŵɱص㡣
ھƽʱУŵıᱻеӲϵʹΪɱܹеӵ
һӡȻûľھ鶴һ֮ټϷתȻҲܹӵͬص㣬ܹеӵ
ȻɵͶɱźܴĲȻֶμеӵ֮󣬴ӱ˵һӡɱ֮䣬ѾûκεĲ
ڿľǣ˫Сˡ
յ˵ʵȶҪǿҲᳬ̫ࡣ
ȻڽĶԿУָŹһӡȴ˿·磡
鶴ԼתΪڸǣ޼ɵģڵķʥתΪ֮ȻͶԷԿ
Ƿĵ·Ҳɻʤĵ·ǰԷĵͼӣͷɾʵ֮ĵ·
ָɱʮʮ۷壬ҲĹ֮ܣȻȴȵվԭأһһ⡣
ʱ򣬱ⳡսĿɿڴǲ֪ɽĸ߲ǣѾʼ˽Ĵ̡
ȥǲеġɽ߲Ĺʶ
Ͼս򣬲ȫƴԿ
սȷʵǷǳļ̣Ȼʵأ
սֻܹɴ۷Կ֮սѾԽɽɵļޡ
սڲֻܹɼĶԿһʶ
Դ֮غδ֪ǿյеطֻɼĸֽ֣ǿգüĲȹ̡
𼶱ڸ߼Ľ֣ĵط
ڱ˴֮ӵеСǧ磬Ǹ߲Ŀռ䣬ܹ֣ȻĻеĵطᱻ
ٴȥսҪ
ɽѡûгֹ
Ϊûκһϵţܹӵɴ˿̵ʵܹɺͷ˿飡
Եʮһ׼ֵʱһ𣬳սϿա
ݹӵһԼĺԣԼǧŹ˫ԼĴǧ֮С
Ͷͬʱһ㶡
ȻͿܹ𡣡
֪ݹӵˣʮ󶥼ϴ֮һĵҩڵ
Ҳǣ߶ܹʹ𼶱һҲûɵĻߵĹҲֻ𼶱ĸ֣ܹ
ɽ𼶱ĸȻҲôʮϰλȻ̫֣ҲֻλȻʸ²֡
еһλ
µĿ˷һۣȻЦλٴȥˣȻĻս򣬿ɽ磬Ҳܵ𵴡
һ񣺡޳𡭡ֻΪɵǰ;ò
ȻЦǲܴȥˣ飬ܹǻģԵƬ̣ҵܻ֮Ƕ⡣
ǾͶлˡԵһ
ҲһԼĺ񽣡
·ɵĵǶ˳֮ǰಫ˫˿ԣЩΡ
˹ŷȻҡͷ̾˿
Ϊֻǳй£ȴû뵽ɾȻ
ЦҲ޷Ǵ㾡һģûͳսʱΪ䶨˵ģ˭֪ɱȻӣ
ΪһţȻҪ࣬ԼıΪɱлҲҪǵɵǰ;еİգ͵ÿԼˡ΢Ц
֮ǰĽ֣˫û˺˶ԵЩϧ
׻ô
ĵúܿĵķͶܣнƲƲ죬ʵ
Ҳ֪û䣬òŵʸǿɲɣֺһ
ɵĵӻǶɵĵӣ˿Ժתģͬͷ
źϵ֮Ĳ࣬νԶϵֻռһ򣬶ܹռһϵ
ǿǰ˸ʮϵһǣԴļפ򣬳Ϊţɵܹʮ
ĺôû˻Ը


407 ²Ϊ
ɺͶɵĵӵȴʱɽĸ߲㣬Ѿʼһִ̡
ֵģͲͥˡȻͥʮ£𼶱ĸ֣ǹϵɵǰ;ǹϵŵᣬ⿿ʮ£ԵЩ
δ̵ĵص㣬ɽУ̵ˣҲͬʮ
ʮˣݾͱʮ£Ҫߵöˡ
ɽʮ󶥼ϴ̣ž롣
ҩڵĵ𣬷ڵķڵڵ𣬷ɽڵķڵڵǺڵǧڵıڵ
ʮˣĴɾ֮£ɽȨƣʵǿʮ
Ȼɽ绹ļʮ𣬿ЩĴڵҪʵ͵λ϶ʮλȻȨϣԵòˡ
ţǧٸǶ֮ҿȻϵǿһɣȻʵϣκһűɲһأƸΪţҲС
ǺڵԼĺӣ
˵ȻеȻϾѡҪƽû䣬ôǳΪţ˵ȥĵ
ӦǺãѵҪɳΪϵţǸû
üëһ
ʦ԰ꡣ
ЦɵʵɻҪǿϼ֣ȻҪöɽλѣ˵Ƿ񣿡
Ȼ
˵ͷ֮ǰսҲ˹͵ģʵδǿǽ˭Ҳ˵ȥ
Ƕȴ˷Ȼ
ܷΪһţɲǿĸɵŸģ
λöɽһǾܵģһϣӦйʶġ
ͷɡ
λҲ׷׵ͷ
ͷˣЦЦʵϣҪ۵ģܹܲΪŵ⡣
ǾͲҪˣǧپţĸɽʯ˾ŵʵҲֻܹȵŵֿȱ֮󣬲ܹΪţ
Ҳδأܹܲĵ·
ڵЦѡΣΪϵź;ŵʵÿѡζûгµľţɽҲ˵ʲôȻΣ֮ǰһ·߸ͽѾɽע⣬ֲûյѡΣǻ޷ΪŵĻǷϽĵ·
λĬ
ȷʵһ⡣
ǰ˵ϵʵȻڶһ㻹ʲôֹǳΪţ
ȷʵ˭óɵʵҪȶɲٵģǲŵǼԿɶû䣡
ϸ˵ɵĵһϮУǧɱսȴɲһˣⷽ˵Ѿչֳǵǿ֮˵ʤˣҲΪ
һŵأʵ
һֱû˵Ȼ¶ϲУǧپ֮ɽڵԸĶ֡٣ⲻһ˵ùȥɡ
ٶȳ˳Ĭһ֡
ɳΪţûпȱ
Ǽϵţû䣬޷ڡ
Ϊڳǡ
ʱڵͻȻˡ
֪λע⵽ûСʹõĿбݣǺʹõֻеżǶɽǰδ֮׮תƵбУ׮ԭеȱ㣬Ѿɽһݴˣֻеżתԭϸȴûоܹļ￪Ļɽ磬Ǵһ
λͷ˵ûǿбݻǻеżһɽƹ㿪Ļɽʵٶһͣ
ɽڵԼڰ£Ȼɵȴ˵İٱ֮ࡣ
սУһǧɣδܹԸһˣȻɵֻеżȴܹһɾܹӳԿһ˵
ܹƹ㿪ôɽܹһ
Һ˵ѲһǣɵȻһؿڣȻ˴ӽͻƵɣͱȴӹͻƵˣҪ򵥵öˡ
ܹɵ׵ĻɽĺôνǴ
˵еоɽĹͣԶԶκһŵġ
ʵĹͣռһŵλãǾ̫˵ȥˡ
ᷴԵ̫λ޷Ǿ˵£ΪŵҲܼ٣ȻĻ⡭
ȻɳΪŵĻ˭Ҳ˵ȥ
Ҫһɡ
ڵͻȻ΢΢Ц
λѣ꣬齨꣬˴۷ɾСŵοɻǶɾŽᣬ룬Ҷܹϵľǣٸһʱ䣬Ҳͻһ𣬶ɵʵҲ𲽵Ĵﵽŵˮ׼
ͬʱͷľȻʵǿȻ˵Ѿ³ɫĵӻᱻ͵ĳϴȥǵʵֻᱣڵˮ׼
ɲҪ˲ţֻҪ㹻˲Ŵɵǰ;νǰ;
Ҫ֪ɽϵ֮󣬼ûĸܹԵչģ϶Ĵʮ󶥼ϴ֮£ǵļ̶ĸ֣Ҳһһѡεһȥ
ִʵɣȴڸԭ򣬶
ΪԵɺϣԼΪɽһЩ͵ĻҲڵĻᡣ
ǾŵݣǶص㣬ɽͻһɳ죬ǰ;
ͬΪɽѣǳãɽ֮£Ϊķɴ½һ·Ϊ۷Ĵڣ磬˵ҲЩ˱ȼĻᡣʱĮӣһӣҲΪҵȽԵ΢Ц
Ƕ͵ҪǺãüͷ
ǧ٣Ƕ֮ȻǶ֮⣬ȴһޱпȱ֮ǰֻ趨ǧپ֮Ǵ֮⣬ԲΣ΢Ц
Ϊǧһ֮Ҳ
΢΢ͷ
ȻˣǱȷˣҲú뷽˵˵֪˴ʵɽ翴ɴ󹦵ķϣ֮ǰɨɽ֮еȨ֮ƣ²Ϊ΢Ц
²Ϊ
ȷʵԷ֮ǰɽɨɢʹɽµƣټ׳еż֮ٶɽ͵Ĺͣһŵ˭Ҳ˵ʲô
ĹͣҲͬĹͣһʲô˲ģ
οĹͣҲʲôɶܹµġ
ͬʱܹһźţЩɢһźšֻҪŬУ;һУпܣ
ȫΪһͣЩɢɾԼûʲôͷŪһЩ¶˳
ȻЭ飬ԻصԼȥڵķڵ뵤ҩڵĵȴһͬ׼ȥѰ˵飬Ϣ


408 ϵ
λ𡣡
𡢷λȻһͬսϿյʱ˫Ƕɵĵӣɵĵӣĵ
ض񡣡
Цеĵ˴ѡΣʵɽǰδ֮ʢ£
ˡ
˵ͷȻȾӾ֮λȴδиͼΣ˾Ӧеʵ˲𣬶̶̰֮࣬ǿʵλֶΣ˵ɽ˲űǶʢ֮ʱ
λͬʱĻɺɵĵӶһ٣ӦòõʲôƽĴ
ţɷһ˵
ǰһԷ
棬Ϊ׳Ҳ˵͵𶼲ƫƫҷ˽ģٵɵﶼôһĸҪѹһߣǲܹΪš
ȴ̬ɽ紫ͳĽײɺԼ̫
ɽ߲ѾɹʶԼɳΪţǴֱ˵˵飬ǵ˰ɶתƵ߲εĿռȥǾҪǽȷʵȶɻҪôһЩ
֮ǰԺУĹһӡȻû·磬ȻȴܹԷܹ޹˼ɵķĻһӡıȴЩ覴õġ
Ͼһӡ֮ǰֻ˽׶αϵƹ⼸շȻӿƣȴҲ޷ùһӡѸٵ۷ˮ׼ٴȥһӡҲܵ١
е洦Ƶ³ˡ
Ҫ˽ºԼ̸뷴һõĽ
߿ҲʲôͲһεסԼ𣬷˺һϵ
ڸ̾ʮ֮һĴڣԼĴ۷ǿ˲֪ٸȼʱ򣬷ֱ˵һ䡣
ţǿбݺͻеżʲôԭǷܹо
һ£Щ飬ǺβڴûʲôרȻҲ˽Щԭ
βսԱβμѡΣȻβӵ˽ӽ˵ʵȴҲûвμսͷһǿҲսڳΪܹ֮չֳǿսˣβ𣬿ɲս
·Щһһʮ˵ˣ˵ͷ˷˲ͷɵ˶Դϡ
صĵǣȻ˺β
򵥣û뵽ܹסߣɻû۹⣬ȻͰŻȥˣ
֪βҲһֱѧϰеţȻŻص֮Ҳ̲ס̾Ϣһ
ұڵλʦָţʵҵļʶҪ΢ôһЩѡ
һβҲһ㶼þִ٣ź٩٩̸
ڵʦǣһ·ƽ񣬵µţеţϵšȥѧģȫǰĶѧҲһɽλ辶пһ˼ά
ҺβȻǳ򣬿ǴСͶеȤڵõҶʶ֮󣬸գŴƾȥоҲڷɴ½ϣ㹻ľ顣
ɽ֮󣬴ѧ˸ַܹǰ뵽ģȴԼղ޷ĶһһʵʩҲΪŶΣڿ⣬ƾ֧䣬Ҳܹо
бݵĳΣڷɴ½Ҿ޷Ǿø̵Ĳϣʺ͵Ĳϲżתеģ֪׮Ĵ֮󣬽׮ԭб׮һ𣬲µĿбݵЧ
ڻеżڷɴ½ʱһħޣ齨˹ܣ֮ħԼܱŻɱȡ˹ܵźŷ־ħޣҲŹֻ֮ڷɴ½ʱҪڲɱ¸ƳȴΪϵȱ޷ɽ֮󣬾ЩĻоҲоµĻеżֻٽһֶԿܣ뼸ǲˣϾʱ
ƽʱĬԵĺβ˵ôһΣЩզ࣬ҲЩסˡ
ԭˣڵһֱˣǵģҪΪʦҪȷ˼άַһֱг׵ַڣѭ򽥽ȴ˵ӵ˼άֻʵʵǰ˵Ĳǰ
̾һ֮ͻȻԺβһ
̥ǣɺһԶĳڴл
βҲ̹Ȼһ
һֱ֮ţɽ˵ҪǳΪµľţǻҪһɡ
ʲôɣ
µĹ͡Цб֮еż֮ƹ㿪ɽֻĹͣһŵλãкη
ЩɵĿ˿βһۣ᲻ãȻѾԽô꣬Ȼʱȴ֪רȨһ¡
βȻ֪뷨ΪҪѯһͷ󳩣ЦֻҪͬ⣬λ
ŻعתͷΪɽ繱ȻӦ֮⣬ο׮ĹЧҲǴڴģ֮ΪɽкôȻ岻ݴǡ
ЦżȻ˵ǱáбݼȻ׮Ϊؼأôʵܣеż˼ⷽʲôĵãضȸ֪ɡ
ºβбеżĽ췽дһƣȻ󽻸ڵһ֣ҲɽһɽڻеżƳ³¸ӵЧãҲ̫ѵ飬ⱾҲǺ
֮βȥһУ໥֤ΪǿеżۣβͱȽĽڱڵЩַҲ赲֮⣬һʱ֮Դϲ
СԼĴǧ֮˳ƾͽβҲԼĴǧ磬֪𼶱ĸ˵ǵɣҲҪʲôפأǧϴ̣ռɽţǾڽСǧ֮Уʹָͬһˡ
ѹɽôãûмĸϴ̵ɽţԭȴˡ
𼶱𼶱ĵӵԼĴǧ֮Уû𼶱ڱڵĵӣĴǧβҲҪ;ȥʲôڵıڣˣڵɽš
֮ڵڡ
ȵЩͷɵǣӭ˷
һ֮󣬷뵤֪ѳɣǧپ֮⣬һŵɣ
ɵĵϢ֮󣬷ҵĻɵĵҲĳǰףأϾһţǵҲûκεġ
ڶԴΧɽֽĪǣԴԼһеԭеĶԴµϵ
µĶԴϵͽľɵɽڣ


409 
ɳΪǧһŵϢ˲ʹɽ硣
֪Ϣ֮ĶԼ˱ͷɵҲɽ磬ʼ￪
ڷѡУ˲һˣǺͶɵĽУҲֻʧʮ߻еżɱĵӣȴһҲû˳սģ
ĳɼٶȸɲһصɴ
³ľɣϽϵһʮǧ֮֮࣬ǰµţҲһְǨӵеϣ㿪ɽţͽΪɽͣõĻ
ϲܣϣܳΪɽ罫֧
΢ЦŶԷ֣ȻֻǴ۷ΪֻгΪ̳λĵλҲԶĲȻϣ˿ѾǴͬ
Ĵڣʮ󶥼ϴ̣ǧϴ̡ӵλ˵ڵķѾֻǵǧһʮλš
ȻɽвˣʵǿڷЩ𣬱Ͼûӵ㹻һ㣬ܴ
ȻǴʵǵλȷΣȴҲɶͿ
ΪŵţɣͻΪɽսҪһӣͳɽɣҪְȨ
Ȼϴ̵ʵȾŸǿȾŸȻϴϣ;ű࣬οϴ̵ĳԱǾ󲿷ʱڽСǧǱޣҲǼٳ֡
ĳͻ˾ϣѾĳͻˣٸһĳͻ͵һεĿռ䣬ܹչ
ȻĻռ䱻ģҶһɢ˭Ҳû档
һ񣺡ҪлλİǡλɿҲûô׳Ϊһľš
Ȼ֪λм˶ٵΪյһ飬Ϊеżԭ򣬶ǱһݶԺ󱲵Я֮ˡ
ҽ߸ĸģΪҩڵɽõҽȻһ˷⡣
ɳΪţɲǹһŵͷеģӦ׵ϵǶҪ˰ѹزеġ
λְæԴϵҲڵķ⡣
ԴõģһҩģһʯһʯǶɽ˲֪ܹ꣬ѸٲĺԴ֮ѡ
סҲͬǻ򣬾ǨƶҲɽŨĵط˺üյ츳ɫĵӵ塣
飬ɾʹöˡ
˹λҲ׷Цһֱûѡĸ룬Ȼ뽫ԼĶԱȥˣչֳͷһʱķչ֮󣬳Ϊµϴ̣Ҳϡ顣
ٺһ㣬˵ܺ͵ҩڡԼһ㣬ΪɽλȻĴڣڽһ£ȻҲʲôʧ
ܲÿҵȵӦ໥ֲУɱضΪɽʯҵ֣ɽӵǿ󣬷ΪЦ
˵ͷҲϣġ
һգ˿̶ĬĬǿԼԼҲüӽʱ
һһɹ硢ʥͷ綼з츲һĸı䣬ʱɽƣܾδôˡ
οı֮󣬶ԸԴҲ
Լʱ޷ƿɽһĻҲս࣬Ҳð
ԼܹɽĴȨ͸ͨޣȡ裬мĿԳɹȻˣδԸЩཻͨµսУȴǷϣġ
λֺͷ˼䣬У޷;ȡΪɽʯ
ȻһһӦʣλ׼ǵʱ򣬷λ𡣡
˵ͷҪʾǵľ⣬λҲǸˡ
ϾȻɵЩٶλ˵ֻǾ֮ͣڰ֮ܵõԷĳĸлһ㣬ҲͷͨһЩ
ˣҲס
ͷڵӣϣһԼһ֪ʲôٺɵһǧɣһĽλͳ˶Դϵ֮⡣
ҵظԾڴճɵķ룬Сǧ磬ʱɵλҲܹܵıӻһ
ĬĬͷɣչơ
ޱߵǿУλԷһȻתȥ
ΪףλıӰĬĬݻԼСǧ硣
ǸʱԴϵܹװԼСǧ磬Գһ壬ɵĵҲҲҪСĵǰ
ɵĵ̧ͷλıӰ˵ƺһҲԴﵽλˮ׼
ʱһ磬ͻأð˳
һʱͲ˲ԣһӡҫҫ۵ĹâεĻ档
ͬʱһ֣һ͵վԶɵǶ˳ȥ
ʱûзʱ
ܶͷʲôˣĻֵþ衣
ڷ˵ɵĵǣΪԼûк֮ǣ֮ǰɵӴ̺ڹһӡûʧԷ𣬷ҲͶԷһ
Ȼӿ𣬼һ֮䣬һӡͷųĽɫâѾʧ
ʱλŭͬʱ
ɽ
ȻɽĵλãȻܹĵطλ°һ۷Ļɽ棬ͱֻţ÷
˫һһġֳǰǣХź
ŭķһ־Լķ䡣
˵ͻȻͿһʵļгϣͬʱһּ䣬֣߳ŻϢź
ȻȴҲʲôȴһѬһ˲סź
֣Ȼ˼ɵ˴ռ޷еɼĶԿȻȴѾôķ
Ȼ
һ
ķ䡢ееҩź˸ɸɾһۼûУ
ͬʱϱɫ
ɾĸĶģ
׻ĳ֣˵ľᣬֻһԡɾĸ֣
£ĴɾʥԼľԪʥ֮⣬ﻹɾĸ֣
źô֪κһλɾĸ֣
ĹЦһգҪɽݡ
źȻͨ쳹֮ܣɾ֮Ȼɽɽڣ֮ǰŰڲʿҲѶԴôһ˵δ֪ǿȥ
ȻȻϢɽ򣬿Ҫŷһ۷뿪ҲҪһЩֶεġ۷Ҫߣɱȴһѵöˡ
ںһһ֮ʣƺңԶߣһȻһƺܹɽĵ⣬˲ϢĻ˺У
һҽС
ԭѾ˺Ŀռͨһ֮£ʧ׼ͷһӡĹâһӺе˳Ȼ˿ռͨ˲ʧ
Ҳͬʱʧɽ֮У


410 ֮ɾ
һУ˵ҲֻǶ̶һ˲飬ܣĳֱƽ⣬׻кռͨʧһУܹҲֻ˷һգ۵Ĺ
һֱʱɵĵǲŷӦ˹Ȼ˿̣źڵѾÿտҲ
ˢһڶһ߹ڳۣ˫䣬ƺ޾ӡ
ͬʱ֮ɾ
֮ɾɽĴɾ֮һĴڣ
˿λ֮ɾȴüͷ֮£ϹȴѾˡλǺô·
λһۣͬʱҡͷ
ҵȲֻ֪ͬʱ֣ȴԷ׻⣬ɾ֮һ㡣
֮ɾ˵ͷؼһˡ˷죬ȴΪҪ°ӷһ۷أ
̧ͷղ֮ȴֻöԷˣʵ֮£·ͬСɡ
λͬʱĬȻɽҪĳԱ֮һȻɾĸֱǵķһЩ
²й¶ȥȻ°ߣǴ˿ȴ˵Сһ˺ռͨʱ˲ӣܵȥ֮󣬲һ֪ȥʲôطǻᾡȥѰһɵλ԰꣬ҲĪҪʱй¶ȥ
ҰȻ֪ڵʵɼȲϣȴԷͬ׽һľ׽ˣεĽȫȥҲ
Ҳǵ֮ɾˣأй¶һһСŮӵķϢɾ˿Ҫһʱ֪ҵȡ
֮ɾ˵ͷȻɱأҲһ£ɽ硭Ҫһ֮ˣ
˵֮ɾչһЦӣҵҲۣĸˣԲϢıν࣬ҵȾҲ㲻졣
İοɫźùһЩ˴ͷɥĻ˶ԴǣԴϵʼ
ǲԸΪȥ𣬶һޱ󣬶ޱʵҲָֻ֮ͬǰÿһʧܹ׻ܺ˵ͷʵǣ
ֻǷǿռͨͼ֮һ˿޵ϵҲϾˣǴηδռ֮ľ飬㵹Ҳķˡ
ҪչأҪɾ֮ȥѰҵķ
ڵļ㣬ҲֻĬĬͷɴ˿пͻƵľֻмˣ츳ѣҲɴ˿ʵߵĸ֡
οҲļ˼ǹȵʲô⣬ܰѾڱչ֮ϣҲһ¡
ĬĬĿŶԴϵرգ֮ɾתλ
ǰһûڵķȴҲĸܵͬĺڰ֮ɾ
λͬʱϱɫ
ȫɾӰ
Ļֻ˵һ룬ͱ͡
·ͬСɡҲµûĻпȫĸˣԺڰŻðΣն֣ϣܹ׻ɽڲҲд䣡
֮ɾλλȻɽޱȵҪҿӣλҲǱأܵʲô𺦣λ𲻹˭⣬ɽܵ޴ʧ
λĬȻȻ֪Ȼ˽ֻʵȻʵ϶ɽҪԣȴλɾ
ҩ䡢ɽĸɽôˣڶսʱ򣬵ҩṩĵҩûк֮ǣǵɱøӵǿ󣬷ܹǵĻ߱ϴ¸ַ䣬ǿǵսͱ
ȻսȻȴɽĺڱϡ
ҪԸɽ磬ôҪԸģλԼµĵӡ
ɽȻޱǿ󣬶ǰδеƣȻΣȴû
̫ɾһֱڱչأ֮ɾʮǰҲչˣɽֻʣ֮ɾƶ֮ɾλң£ҲҪɺڰԴͷҳ
֮ɾֻһˣ᲻ᡭü
ᣬ˼ҪѰʱ򡭡ҲܸоԼķѾﵽһޣҲдѾܹɵǿܶ˭ֵôʥҲڵѡ
˷֮ɾ⻰λ϶¶ϲɫ
ʥһˣǲڼǿԼѾɱʱǿ
Ȼ֮ɾѾӵ˺͵ʥͬô;ԲܹӮ
֮ɾһͽλԼУһ̣һĿռ֮ڣ˷֮ɾӰ
Σϥ׳ɽ֮ɾ۾ʵ
˵
֮ɾҡҡͷȻλ˳
ǰˣҵǱôãҲԲ
֮ɾһϧ̫ϺϽ쵰໥ۣһȥչˣȻڣȫѾˣҲԲẦκһˣ
֮ɾ̾һ߲սһ£սһ£λҪˡ
İɣûȥ˲óǲκˣǰλ𡣡֮ɾĵ
֮ɾ˵ͷ֪֮ɾȻͷԲ̫ȻǱսԼ֮ϣɽλɾǰȻĴڣǱ֮󣬺ʵǣѾûκܹ˵ǣ
λ໥һۣȻЦ
ʵλʸ񣬲λɾҪСǻͬһʱʼɵģҲһ֣ͬɽĻҵ춨Ԫϣֻλߵĵ·ͬδܳɾɾ֮λ
ɽ磬ҲĴڣȴʱҪ֮ɾ󱣻СһıôܲλɾӿЦ
ЦЦλɾҲ֮ɾ֮ɾҲǷǳбҪġ
ɽӴģʲôĵˣһս֮ȻɽڲȴŲٵ
̫뽣֮ìܣпɽڲĵˣɽȻڶ࣬޾ǶĸҪΪףһѹţڶϣɽ˵ʥеκһ硣
Ͼ磬㹻Χ֮󣬾ܹ䶥ڵģʥ磬ֻҪ㹻ܹ֮ϣͣ
ɽҪһޱѵ飬ʥأ
궦ʢʥ磬Ǻųʮʥӣһʥ飡
Ҳʮ𼶱ĸ֣һ𼶱ĸ֣
ǵȫɾзƽʥʵ֮ɽʥʥʮиɵ˾ų壬ڵɽ磬λƣ
Ҫ֪ɽƣҲ𣬰ѣ
£λ𣬾ԵҪ
ĺڰҪԸɽĻҪԸķλɾˡ
Ϊ㵽һ㣬֮ɾŻ֮ɾλ
ֻҪλڣɽĴУͽỹڡ
λҲǴ̩֮Ȼ˵ʱû̫壬ʱ򣬺ú
˾ϥʼĿ񣬵ȴŷ֮ɾĺϢ
ʱ򣬷ںδأ


411 
˿̷ԼҲ֪ʲôط
źֵʱͲźصơ
ǱλչֳҪǿöơ
˲ˣźģܹɾԿ
еһʱǵһĹһ˲ƿ˺һһӡͳһĿռͨȥ
ľ飬Ѿǵһˣڷɴ½ʱұħް㣬ȴ˴½ѸٵԼΪɾͰɡ
أ
ͻȻֵźӰͨ쳹֮ܣĴڣɽĵط˺ռͨҲضޱȾȷĵص㣬ȻΪǵ׵ԵʣܻƫȻšҲɶõط
һɼڿռͨдУһк˼ţڵӿϵһӡȥһӡĹâεĻס˷ȫ̫ܵ˺
˿ֻ߶ǧҪԼոأź׷ˡԼڵԷָͷҲԼͻֱӹҵ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãǰһ˿
ȻˣһƬ޾ĿҰ֮С
һӡͷųĹâס˷ȫ鶴ڵĻ֮ǲϵ˷ڡ
̧ȥһƬڰա
Է˿̵ʵһȥٴҲܹ߼ʡֵطɽ磬һҲܹϵ顣
Ȼ˿̣ĿȥȴֻܿҰԶɽ
գ˸׵磬ǲǷϤ׵硣
Ȼκεط׵綼ŻȻ׵һصаȻĪ
Ȼ˿ȴܸоƬҫ׵磬ŵֻдϢϢ
һƬҰǿһȻЩֻһ˸ߵľȴľǿҵ֮
һ֦⣬һͨ죬޾ࡣ
ԶһڿҰഩУˮɫǺɫģðźɫĵطɫϵðȻܵľ֮С
ĺľĹʼøӵŹϢ
ʲôط˵еħ磬Ҳˡ
գпľˮл
齨һĸԪأﶼڡ
Ȼ磬ʲôԵԪأһͬص㣬Ǿˡ
ڲʥǳڻ֮ıԴƬطһ˿аζ
Զ˺ĽŲ̧ȥÿһȺӴòϬţҰޣһͷӴϬţ£ƬҰ˹
ϸһЩϬţȻƺȻ˫Ŀ֮йֻͫͫһĨ֮ȥ
ܽҰ֮ȺϬţʼͣǰĲͷɢ˿Ұ֮УʼЩľ
ľͨΪɣӲޱȣɽɱɱ֮£ȻЩϬţŴͣ׾ٵľͽЩ֦ҶͣȻľ׽
֨֨µЩ֭ҺϬţһĺۼϬţȴƺȻһ㣬ڷĽЩ֦Ҷ
֭ҺϬţǵƤϣȻܿľ˽ȥ֮ǰµ˺ۣҲĿʼϣЩϬţþˡ
ĬĬĹۿһᣬ˸֮ȥԼΡ
˿̵ķеĵһ֮׶Σֿʼı仯˿̷ģ𼶱ĸֵ棬ĻҲ׵ķټ
źһֱûг֣ռͨƫЩ󣬾ɾ֮Ҳ֪һ̻ͨʲôط
źǴ°ŷһͬԽռͨȴ֮ɾһ£һ̾ͬλ˺ռͨҲһռͨǧ
ת뿪ƬҰ
ƬҰ֮ϣһ˸ߵľ֮⣬ʲôûУԼҪúõĹ۲һ磬Ȼȥһĵط
ççȺɽ֮С
ԽǲУеɻԽ
Ƭޱߣȵ磬ֱͲһ硣
ﻹܶࡣ
ָȻûǣΪʳεƺûκεĿꡣ
Щӵв׵ʵľкɲˮ׼һһͷ˫ͻͷỢɢƣ۷ȣ
һʲô硭
̲סֹһԭֻ֮ȥԼκϢȴҲɵòӵˡ
һԼϴġϡԡȷ䣬Ϳʼͬһһ֣Щ޵棬ҲĴڡ
֮Ϸ֮Ľ塣
أȻҪӵССġ
ڿмݹⶼҡ˭֪ޱߵһЩʲôĴڣ
ɽУѸٵĴš
һƬɽɽͷһƬɫ
ĴǹʯᾣڴССɽͷϣɽϾʯ飬СҫϢ
ɽҲвٵ޴УԵЩʯͷΪʳԼĲЩ޵ϣ޵
ʲôĴڣ
ԽľЩ޶ǿʵҲͲ˵ˣЩ޵ϣƺĿܼ壡
ƬԭҰ֮ϵʱϬţȺӵķɱԭҰ֮ȴ׷ͣ²Ѱĳľʳ໥ֲ֮
һ֪ԸƢޱȱҵޣͬͬȺһҲⲻ˻ͷϬţһȴ˿ûз
ѵЩ޵ߣһգ
ô޵ʲôĴأ
ȫû˵ĴڣеĽȥûĴڣ緽ȻûȥҲɽ˵òˡ
ָҲѲΣܹģü޷Ĵڣһ޵ķɣ
Ȼֻһʵռ䣬һռ䣬׽ѣҲ÷Ĵ۷嶼޷׵ĲԷĴڡ
ЩϵӵǿĻ⽫һ֧ôµ
Լڵ֮ϷļӳɣҲܹĳɾͣ˽ֵĻЩֶΣɢ
ЩϵĴܹ͵ĻôͬʵĲˡ顢ʹԻǣ
ӵеĶĴֵܹס
һֱɽĵ˶Ƿʥ磬ĵҲɽ磬Ȼô˫ҲǱȽϺƽûдʧֻҪһصĵôǰ;
뵽ɵóһ亹ǣΪʲôԼ
źӰ쵼ߵĻôĿ꣬ضޱȵĸԶ
ĿɾǿľӣΪʲôһγ֣ԸһССԼأ
ȻԼǴ۷壬ɽ˵ҲһѺˣȻҲɾĴרðܵɽԸԼ
εççȺɽ֮Угɻ
İ磬磬÷ޱȵ㯡
һβ֪ԼӦôȥ걻͵˴½У뻹Щܹ֪ͨԼʲôط
ڣѾľˣЩ޺ϲ֪Ĵ֮⣬ʲôûУ


412 Ҳе
һɽͷٶ㯡
û꣬ûбʶȣڿУܹ׵ĽԲĵȫסȻڵʱ򣬲߶ԶҲܵľɫࡣ
ɽдУ׾ԭضȦӡǷ֮ǰƬҰʱŷֵ顣
Ҹʻˡ
ĥš
һ·תһȦ˺ܶޣϧǳȺӵģежġ
֮󣬷Ĵ˿һɽ·ϣѰһת֮Ȼ;վá
ɽе࣬һͻһȺ޴ɽ·Ͼʱͣʳʱڲϵͨ
ûȶãͿһȺɽһޣǰɽ·˹ȥ
ǰٶȺܿ죬ܿģǧͷ޾ߵһɶһͷޣ΢һЩץסᣬȻ֣
ûκεķҲû÷֮ſ鶴죬ͷװ˽ȥ
ſ鶴첻Ҫķķϼӳֵ֮䣬ûгκεķ
һȺ޲ûвѾһͬ飬ãȻĳǰȥ
ڽͷװ鶴֮󣬷ʶһƣͬĽ鶴졣
ȻʶͿͷԼֻƷˮ׼ãȻܿ˿ϣһˮһĲһӰ֡
ӰֵģһƷֵķܺɨ˹ȥ
Է˿̵ʵȻںһ㣬һǵʧΡ
Ȼ˹ȥһ죬ӰץУͷҪʶͷһػһ֮أ
С쵰˹¶ԼвͷޡС쵰ڿ۷ܹסͷֻƷޡ
ԭһʩչ׼ֵʱ򣬾ͻֳˡ
š
µӰֻǿֱٻǸˣȫһϮ֮£壬һźһ㣬ûʵʡ
⡭ŰץĺӰƺͬԴֻʵһЩѡ
һźһĲҽС
ʲôطʲôˣ
źȴֻԼҽУûлش
üͷ˫Ŀһһǿľ񲨶ײź֮С
һ̣ΪһҽУȻ壬ʼ𲽵ɢ
ɿ֣ղʶӴֻһ˲䣬ȴ֪˲ٵ顣
źȻûԼıʶģԺУֻܱϳһͷ
ս
ս
ĬĬţǾ֤Щһе˵ĴڣһһޣڳǸȥ׼սš
Ȼֻһͷȴܹ÷֪ܶĶ
ϣǹЩ޺ЩĴڣǻежԵһ
ЩȻǱ˿ƵģȴƵòףεֻзʲôطе˵ʱ򣬲ŻᷢһָǸϹȥˡ
֪ǵĵ˻ʲôĴڰţϣǵĵˣܹĴڰɡ
ֻ۷ĺҲֻûԼ˼άȷʵ÷Щ¡
֪ʹҲ֪£ץҲй¶ʲôЩܶĻôһ֧ηţ
ǷûнӴ綼ӵе
øȥһˣǵĶʲôĴڣУЩ޺ͺмʵȽǿĴڣǲҲһûԼ˼άֻܿأ
뵽̲ס˸ս
֣ƺһǼĳһֻһָӣָеĳ塣
ĿȻǷǳɱģȻһһ־ǰܹչֳǾͿµúˡ
˿С쵰ŵɪɪޣҡҡͷȻһƽͷ޴Խѡ
Ȼ޻ǺǱһ־ƣôҲͲܷųȥųȥĻ˵Լ٣ͻᱻ֡
һƻеޣһ鴤֮壬Ҳźһ㣬ʼɢɢ鶴֮С
۾źʧ֮ȥ
ܿͷ֣źɢ֮󣬾Ѹٵ鶴ڵĻ֮֮У޷ֱ˴ˡ
ԭҲǳԻ֮еǾͺðˡ
С쵰鶴֮УԼʶ
һ³ֿȷģ֪ЩսʱҲԳΣ֪ЩޣǱҲԴڻ֮ôܹƶϳܶ顣
Ҳֻܳ˽һЩģҪȥ֤
Ǿ͸ЩһսɣǵĶһЩܽĴڵĻǾͺðöˡ
ĬĬţÿһȺ޳ĳ˹ȥʹӺȥ
˵ߣͻսһƬĴ½ϣ֮ûκεĲ֪Ķ
ֻиǰķ򣬲ܹҵȷķɡ
ǰʱٶȺܿ죬ľҲһյĹ򣬷Ⱥľ룬ͺεĿȺͬʱͣ˲ʼɢʳ
ҿʱһȺ޺ХŴԱ߳һȺޡ
һ·޵ĽŲ߳ççɽȻԽһеĺˮҲǸԾĺˮɢϢںЩԿͲܺȵĺˮһ⡣
һȺˮ·ޣͷ˿Ȼҡҡͷ
ûԼʶڴ½εԵĺȵĶЩȫ˳ԵĶһָͳһǰ
ϵЩȷʵԵúܹ죬սϣԼ֮ǰƺЩ߹ˡ
ڵϣһʶǾ޷ôĴڵģԴҲֻܼ򵥵ķһЩָľܹԴԴϵĳȻĻ޷Կ
һֱ˲ʱߵһĨɫ
Ƿ֮󣬿ĵһĨ֮ɫɫ
Ǵ󺣣
ޱߵĴ󺣣
ŵȺޣͬʱһȻͬʱ˴󺣣
ϡ
һޣֻǧͷӣģͬȮһ㣬˵֮ȴ˿ȥƽء
ɽĸȺͬʱϵĴ۲š
֮Ĵп񱼵ޣһ򲻶ϵǰ
½صʱΪи谭ﵼҰֻܸЩڣĿ֮Щޱܵķ򣬷ѾյĿĵĶ
ȻѾ֪սĵص㣬ͲڸЩ˷ʱˣЩʵǿٶпǺ棬ֻ˷ʱ䡣
һ㺣棬ٶȱ֮ǰӿ˺ʮѸٵľԽȺޣͬһĳյĵص㡣
³ˮԪĻ󳩡
⴦֮󣬷ܹܵģֻѹ֡
ڰգڰĵ棬ڰɽ֣ڰĺһжǺڰģǷ˿̵ΪѾﲻľ磬Ҳ÷飬ڲ֪бö
ǼֱͲ˴ĵط
ڣںϣ˾Υ⣬;Υȵ
޾ȻЩ֮׶óϢ
ֻҪԵܹӾͰǣзһ˵


413 
ǿаס˳Хһĳ嶯Ǹ˹ȥ
ǰһССĺǧͷ޷ĺХȻǸ͵ȥ
ϣˣޡ
һĸߴӣ﷢ֳһĻ裬ǰ˹޺ֳĺĳ֮£ϵĺˣвٵޱò֫ҷɣΪ˺ʧں档
һ͵Ĵ󺺡
һȻһƬԲҲͲһĺϣڵֿŵģҲֹһ󺺡
ʮӷֱŸָޣУֱֳ˷ֵǵ˻Щӻ϶ӵнɵΪ׵󺺸ӵŹɵ
Χǵޣһ㶼ɵѣȻȺ󺺶˰ٱ࣬Ⱥȴֵ֧ס
ڴ󺺵һȺŮˣͬŸָޣɢ鶯ķ
ǼŮӵĻ֮£ϱĿŷһһǿ֮ķ£Ⱥ޴úвѡ
Ů˸ָļӳַӳȺ󺺵ϣǡ
һᣬûмˡȺȻҲԵģ֯˼άеֿڿԽĶ
Ҳ¾ȴˣȺʵߵľ󺺣ҲŹɵʵ־ȴˣ֮䣬ܽɱøɸɾ
οȺȻٻˣЩ޺ͺʲô
Էˡ
۷ĸֳ֣Ȼһ
ֳԼΣȻ֣ڿѸٵĻ˼ʡ
ն
һ
ڿУͳ˿һУХںΧش̣
һĲҽʣµǧͷޣԼϱЩӰ˲ͱɱ˸һɶ
ɢʱ򣬷۾һ䣬鶴͵һ£еʱֵĺ˽ȥ
ȻЩ֮ĺܹΪ֮ıԴôȫɡԼûģл֮һ£Ҳһ¡
һʱ֮䣬ԭź޺ȫɢϵ˷סˡ
ȺȻ󲿷ΪȻҲвǽΪģȻֵ֧סҪԷȴҲҪѲٵʱ䣬ʱҪиǿ˹ĻȺ˳Ҫɱøɸɾ
ȻȴͻȻһֲµ꣬һ֮䣬ͽȺ޸ɱ˸ɸɾ
Ϊ׵Ĵ󺺴һֵǰԮʨм
ʨЩ˶ҰΪ𣿡
ţԼƮ˺
·ɽţ˵أȴ֪˴Ǻεȵط
Լݡ
ȻͿ󺺻һ¶˿ϲɫ
ɽˣɽҪ֪ˣоˣ
ߵͬϲĴȺŮϲӵһ𣬿޵滨һ㣡
λô£һ˴ģûдɽʲô
ո˵һ룬󺺾ס˷˫֣Ͽҵĵλˣҿóһһ˲Ĵ֣ҵѾ˱ıԵɳִܹȣ
Ц˵ˣʲô㲻
ҡҡͷ˵ǷİٴֲѾɢˣʮŷֲģǵķֲȺΧˣ˵Ļͻᱻˣ
һ˵ѾĵԼڿշǷԲһĺҲƮеϥں֮ϡҲȺмΨһûĴڡ
⺣ȻǷ
Ŀ˿ˣòţȴѾϵúˡ
ɳǱ߱˵󺺵
˵ͷһʼŴ
ʨʨ顭֮󣬱ԭеǣԼΪͬǱޡλʨĳϣǺһࡣ
飿ˣΪλĵطЩԾĵ
󺺿ЦɳĪǲ֪˴簡
Ŵ͡
ûв²磬Ȼô˵֪磬Ҳ̫ԶһЩɣ
Ȼû磬ȻΪɽϵõһ磬ǵҲӺܶ;˵
ɽһĴڣҲͨԼʵġ
ϵȫͬɽϣһܸС
ɽ粻ͬǣ磬ųɾŵ飬Ǹ޳ɾ
ɵλһ;˵ҲӦǷ֮ģɽ磬ҲǺ飬Ҳһ
ޣڳ֮ǰûģ飬־͵ɽĳɡ
֮ԪϣΪӵд󲿷ΪٲΪ֮УΪޣĸͨû顣
ʵҲܼ򵥣һţֱӦɽľŸˣǿĴǾԪʥҲΨһܹɽĴɾĴڡ
ڳ֮󣬲ûԼķǵǱǣͷ¶Իޱȵİϲɫ¸ȴº͡
˾󲿷֮⣬绹ٲĴڣЩ϶ܹ׽Ȼܹ࣬ദ÷ǳá
ЩȻûбǣȴҪĲֻ֣ܹȥսܹͬϤ֮Ԫӳ޴
ղλˣͷųϢΪȻͷųķȴܹɹɼ˲еЧ
ֻǵʵܻҲϲߵĺɽǲһ·ӡ
ǿ޻֮£Щˣȴܹͷų㹻ǿ
սϣȻɽҪȴ֮¡
ȻڣĵطȻ磡
Ǹϲкƽ˺һ磡
ӵ
ڵĺ棬м֮⣬֮ǰһƬ½ﻹһ˿ӣ
ûûɫûдȻ
еֻһƬţһƬ
׷ʲô飬ڵӣ
ҪǣΪʲôڵӣɽȴ֪
ǵģǰѾս粻
˲ϲǰɽ绹ƵʱΪɽùϵϵİɽ磬ɽǿ֮Ǿ;ս粻ǼǧĲ
Ȼһ˲ȥ磬ɽĸ߲㣬Ǿ緽нģΪʲôɽ粻֪
˵ڵɽҲһĹϵ
ŪӵźӰ
ΪʲôɽԴ˸Ͳ֪
ڵ磬Ŷٵĵֿ
ԵģǶôǿ
ôӵģжˣȵʵ
Ѿʱˡ¶һ˿Ц
ǳɬЦݡ
ûκ˱Щޣʹı仯
Ǳڵţ׽ȻأȻȻӣûûгͻ
ɽһ硣
ڶ̶ʱ֮ͱģ˼
Ǵ˵еħ磬Ҳˣ
һ޴Ӳɱ˹һ󲿷ֶɼĴڣҲٲֽɺ͹ɼĴڡ
󺺿Щ˹ޣ¶˼Ϊӵ顣
Щޡǰǵ˰󺺷һ̾


414 ս
ǰһչء
ڱչصģʵϾǹһңӣóȥ˴̡
Ȼ˵ɽҲûоһȥ̣Ӯ֮õԴ֮ĺô˷һݡ
ҲҪЩģӽĵǶϲڹĵطܵġ
ЩԴܹøӵĳԣøӵĿġ
иָҰޣЩҰˣпһӵԼʶΪеһӡ
Ȼ䣬иָޣǲʲôޣһ𣬶һˡ
Ȼαչ֮󣬶ˣĵĽͷϡ
ʧ٣ע⵽һ㣬ǿʼĴѰȴһá
Ҳ̫ĴˣȻʧȺȺʧȴûʲô裬ĴѰ󲿷޶ԼĳѨ˯ž
ʱҲΨһܹɾԿĴڣԪʥʧˡ
ͬʱʧٵģʮԪʥ磬ҲֻвʮĶ֣ܹԿĴڣ
Ǹе˿ֻţǿʼᣬͬʱ׼ɽȡϵҳһеԭ
ȻʱѾ㹻ĺڰʼ׵ı
ͨͨ
޳֣еطǿʼ˴ɱ¾
ǿʼȻǾֵķ֣ڶԿбɱ޺ǵܿͱޡ
ʧٵЩޣѾǰޡ
ԽԽ٣Ϊÿһսѣͻһˡ
Щɱģɱֻ֮Ҫһʱ䣬ܹ壬Ͷս
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սȻҲԴʥΪ߼Ԫʥ׳ֵĻ綼ᱻ
ȻľԪʥʧ٣µʮԪʥҲͬʱʧ٣ʣµʮԪʥԼٸԪʥԵ
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һǱԼǣƶԷԪʥĸ֣ˣԷֻҪһԪʥĸ֣ô磬κεĶԿ
ԷӵɾֻҪ绹һԪʥ𣬺Ͷͬھ
ҪһЩؼʱ󺣵ǻķΧ֮ڣȻĻҲֻлṶӲд
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ЩԼʶ
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ĵϣǵʧġ
˵ͷȻʲʲôǾ;ɱ˰ɡ
ЩԾĿŷȻͿͷðһ鷽Ĵӡҫ׻
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ڳľ󲿷޶Լһ֮¾Ϊɻңһ鶴ſе֮󻯳ɵĺһš
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ĿɿڴıУһӡΪ˾ŵ⻪˷ϡ
Ȼɱ˳ȥìҽݡ


415 ѩ
ٶһ˴½ɱķĸо
ޱаɱһ;һ޹ޣ
οЩܹΪЩԭЩݳȥ˶ֻµޣٶȳɱÿһͷȥޣҲµ飬ʱȻǸ֮ʵʱ
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ÿɱһͷޣᱻ֮֮ڣȻ󻯽⣬Ϊķ
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⴦֮⣬İĺϣսš
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ȻʵԶԶĳޣҪ޵쵼ǲܵ飬Ϊûе̫ĸһжֻȺ
ͷʥޣͬʱﵽս֡
ǵķֲһʱ򣬸ļԮֲʥ֣ԽԷͷ顣
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416 Ψһİ취
˷ܵг֮ǲŲԼֲʧжôء
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λޣɽķ
ʱǶϾ֪˵ĳ֣ǲŻὫǾ𣬲ܹ¸
˵Ǵ۷ˣʵžͺǵʥ࡭ǵһٸ죬һǱʮϵĵΧţңǳȥӰ첻˴֡
ĬĬͷǴӣȴûӣܹΪ죬ΪӵޱǿʵʮŷֲκһĶ֡
ǲεĲ
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ֱ˵˰ɣҪǸʲôֻҪܾȳǣȫˣҲν
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Ƿ֣ʮŷֲѾȫīο׽ˣΪһˣӵųɫʵѸٵľ͵õǵΡ
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΢ЦȻſ鶴Ľ硣
һɢŹâĶڣ˵ǰ
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ĸ֣˵ԥЩʲôЩֱȴһ仰ûУ׷Լ֮£鶴졣
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ڣȻѾȫȹԼڴ۷ʱľ磬ʵ֮ʱǿһ֣Ǵ˿̽鶴ǣʵɵʵҪǿü
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ϴʹַ֮鶴Ŀռ䣬Ѿһ̶ȵĲȣֻڻϣΣ鶴Ŀռ俪ʼӵĲȡ
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ԶΧǵȻΪǴ˿ֻһͷǾǰһͷԿԼޡ
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ԿеһˣȻڿ֧ţԼıֵŶԷĳϾԼǵģԾѸٲ˷ͷųǿƣ
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ĬĵŶԷĳĻᾡݵĻôǻ˵ĺðɣ
ˣǲɽʲôأֻҪЩһ½磬Ҳǲܵ飡
ʱһҫķ䣬˴Ͽա
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֧֪꣬ԼֻӳʱѣΨһֻʣɽľԮ
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ԭŵ˰ﷶΧڵķϣСͷ޾Χ档
ʱŷȻǧͷм䣡
ţһȵʥǶҪ۾Ĺâ


417 һȺļ
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ܵش֮еЧ
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ǷڵҲ޷һ֮ʩչǷԼڷϵǻۣһ
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ֲ֧סĲǷҪģ鶴졣
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¶ʧɫ粻ɳ֣ҵȿѾȫˣڴ˴ʱЪϢٴӳ顣
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Ȼǰ;ںηȴһֱڼ֡
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Ȼڣս֮ڴ󲿷ĽѾռݺʹ߻֮󣬺潮ӵеѾԣˡ
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Ͼ绹ͷԼͬһˮ׼ޣ֮ǰвٵԪʥðǰ½ȥѰͨȴһûл
Լ㹻ʵĻôĴǰԼһôûС
ԪʥϢʧġҲ𼶱ĸ֣ðǰȥĻ³Ҳһ
粻ֶ֪֧ãҪ粻𣬾͵ϵɽС
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ЩǵҰޣڽʱǱʳɫģͻһ죬Ϊеһӡ
ǿޣҲֻʮΪͨҰ޿ǵĻᣬڹȥʱǸҰ޿ǣǷǳأֻԵرϻۣرҰޣŻֵ㻯ǡ
Ȼڣȴ־͵㻯ˡ
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊǲ֪ʲôʱԼͻɥ
ôɥ֮ǰʮε㻯ĻᶼõôҲпôһ˿ᡣ
뵽һ㣬;Խı
һȺΪȥŬ
һȻȺȴ⵽ĶˣҲ÷еԵʹϧ
飬ڵǵĴӪʱ򣬴ﵽһޡ
Χɽ
ڱɽ֮ϣ޽˳ǳأάһصİ
ûȥޣﻶţϵҪΪޡ
ˣСŮӣÿֲÿ䣬ӵԼĵ̡
Ψһ
ʣµİλԪʥԼӻ
̾ϢŶԷҲֻȫģΪǹĻԪʥǾͻȥһУ磬˶һᡣ
лᣬǻ뿪ȻȵЩ鶼ˣؽ磿ʵ
Щ񣬾ǰɣΪսʿһͬȻԴȻ顣
ֺŵȻЦݣǶںЦݡ
ǲǿֻ»عȻĻǱɱȻΪһӣǲܹܵ顣
΢΢ͷ
ԲŻŬ
ǲںڣ޾
÷кøеһ壬Ȼһ壬Ѿ쵽ıԵûĻôͼпȫ
Լ˺ѾΪһ壬ԼӦô
ǺһսбԼȥ
Ǿ޴ıɽ˳˼
ͬʱһصӪǽŵ񾭣һ˿ɳڵĻᡣ
Ϊ飬֮ǰȴ顣


418 Էֵԭ
һźӵɾΪηҪŪ
һüͷ
źصǳƣֻһûôǿʵѡ
˵Ļôźͼп죬Ҳӵס
һɾĴڡڿռͨֻȹ˺̵ܶʱ䣬磬⻹ǶԷܵŵɵЧ
϶ĵ˺ռͨһܹܶȻܹɽ֮׵˺һռͨڵʵǾġ
˵ֲһ䣺ɱԼӵҲԪʥ£Ҳ
ĬȻ
֪ĻȷģΪ粻ûԪ񣬿Ҳ˺絽ɽ֮ͨ飬Ȼ˺ͨȻȥɽ籨ˡ
飬ԪʥҲܹһģֻ֮ǰ죬Ԫʥ
Ϊϰ߱չأǶֻͨͨķʽ硣
ͨǾԪʥԼĪ˺ģȹ˿ռͨϱڣͨɽ֮һֱͨ衣
ɾʵģȷʵ޷һ㡣
ǼȻǺӵɾʵܹ׵Ľɽ硭ΪʲôҪأ£
ҡͷ
һ㣬֮ǰҲ벻֮ͨҿʼһ˽ˡݵĵ
λͬʱ˷
ɽ硭ţ˼ҲһǳĴڣΪʲôܹ
ʲô˼ü
Ҳ˵ʲôֻҪǴӻ֮зֻģҶܹգɽľϵֻҪ˽⵽йҾܹʹ
ЯģһĿռ䣬ռŻ֮ҿʱԼҪںͬĶֽսУҴû
ǿʼ׷׵棬ȷʵû˵
任ɽϵķǿʼ˷Ļ
Щ鱻ɱֵ֮ĺҲڻ֮һӡŵ
仰ǵľ޴󷴵
˵˵ЩаԲܺͬڻ֮
һĸߴ
ȻѾʥΪȻǵƢȴġ
ԭһͷܣǱƢ
Ҳϣġǣʵ
ĵ
һò̧֣ƺʮŲŷǳߵ̧֣벻ѵǷ׷׵İ
ˣǺܸлðԼΣգһˣţǺЩۻļһڱԴˡš
죬˵ͷ
֪һǺţȻҪ֪ûۻֵ֮ģֻǿʹˡ
δ֪ǿգ˸дڣЩڵԴڻ֮
֮һУûǣҲûаֵ֮ģֻһһűԴ
ȫĳʹõģɽˣû֮еɡ
λû֮е顣
зʥͳͳԴڻ֮һ㣬ں˵˵
˵ͷ˵ЩǶ֪´δ֪ǿвǶҪȵ̺ŵĻ֮ΪܵǱӰ죬ʥ֮󣬲ܹΪǸá
ģֻ֪ӻ֮֮УܹЩõ壬˭ܹȷ֮֮Уֻܲأ
ĵĬȻ
½ϣǴ߳ģһֱߵ˺ߣϣŵһҶеĵ壡ҲǲҲϣΨһ߱Ĵڣʥ磬꣬磬꣬ڷ磬ʮ꣡ʥǷҶܹãȻ½ϵЩ壬ңҲ޷мκε
˵ð˰ɫʥ⡣
ʥһԾĵ
ţһɽɫȡʥ⣬ڷϡ
һ͵ĵ
ţһɽɫŨ˷֮ϣǷ
󣬷ȥչֳԼԴȻŽԼڵĻ֮˳ͬһƮ죬ԭأȴƺֲԭء
ǻɽ磬һĴڣҲ֮ǰò֪ܹʹеֻҪǻ֮ķ֮ڡ
ȻĴÿһܵسĶС
Ǹ
˺һᣬһ̾Ϣ˵һ䡣
ƽʱǷܹʹǾǼϸ
Ѿӣ㷽ļϸʲôҪ
ʱƺһҲһɽܣֵһЩ
ϾһɽܣҲʥǹֲһٸʥΪ죬һʥҲʲô
ǷȻܹеֻҪԴڻ֮Ȼȴܹ½ϵЩ֤ЩЩ飬Դǻ֮𣿡ü֮˵
ֻΪҲû磬ΧŵŨϢȴɲܹʹǻΪзʽҲ˽⡣ܹʹʥΪ͵͵˺ܳʱ䣬һЩԵɺϣѧǵõķʽҡͷ
Ϊô϶ЩҲԴڻ֮أ׷ʡ
ǾҪӵе鶴˵ˡ
Ц˵ô࣬ҪǽһЩǴδĶ
ܿģͽ鶴ص͹ܣ˵˳
˵ɱЩ֮ɢĺܹ鶴ڵĻ֮ʱǵУ¶˹ʡ
޴ڣһֱ·磬ޱȣԭʲô
Ϊܹʲô޷׵
ΪǲԽԽ٣ԽԽ֮࣬ǰһŬֻڹӲдϣܹʱ䡣
ɱĺܹڽ鶴Ļô޷⣬ͽˣ
ǵģλ죬룬źϮҵԭ򡣡
ҲΪɽѾע⵽ĶˣҲΪ˱⽫ֵܳʧźŻҳ֡
ûңɽǿҲпһԽԽܹǱ飬Ҳɽˣͬı飡
֧˼꣬ɽҪǿһЩҲܱǶ֧һЩʱѡȻҵصսֳĻǵҲῪʼԽԽ٣ΪЩ飬ûзֳģۺ޸ḶĴۣҲһܹɵǣ
ǵģһ
ͬʱڣлսʤˣֻҪǲǲοǱЩ飬Ҫӵսһˣܻˣ
ԭĻ
쿴ŷ¶ȵĹâǾͿԷһЩˣ


419 ·
ҽԪ
һ뷢԰ףȴݣ߸һͷߣ˷ǰ
ѾǷǽ֮ĵ졣
ŶԷǿҵϢЩԵǣλԪߣһԪʥҲսĴڣ
ԪʥʮԪʥʧ٣ԪʥѾսߵĴڡ
ʮԪʥһֱûսϳΪףԼ֣Էĸ֣Ҳ֣ͬʱ򣬾ĩա
ûа취һͳȥ֮ǰǻ²ġ
һֱάĴӪԴԴϵṩս
ڣеһ˷ǰ
ǰɫĶԪ˹֡
ǰϷɽ磬Ǹʱ򣬿ɲû˵һ̥
ԪӶŷƺҪһʲô
ġΪ·ɽ磬ʱ䡣ĵ
ʲô
¾ֵԪһˣɽǱȽϤģȻ֪ʱͳΪ۷壬һܵ飡
㲻ɽԪɵĿŷ
ǣ³ڷɴ½ǰŷɽ硣Ц
ϷţˣӵʣԪȻҡͷ
ǰ˵ȫɾȴһ⡣
Ȼ˵
ԪͷȫɾϷҲţҸݴ˵ȫɾҲа
²ţΪõȫɾĴУ˽յΪ
Ц
һһԪͷϡ
ȫɾĴУ
ǰȫɾ漣𣬰ɽСһ磬Ϊǿһ磬Ȼɽλ֮ȫɾʧĴдš
ȫɾԾϵȫޣֲܹͬķڽɽ֮󣬸Ǵӷڵķѧ˷֮ʮʱ䣬Ǳ磬ѧʥҲǵõȫɾĴУܹһ㣿
ʼʩϵʾһ飬Ȼͷų˷ʥ
ȻԪЩš
Ͼ󣬷˵ĽսżӰ죬ȷĿɿĻȻܹעһ
޵ĸ߲Ѿ鶨ˣ˵һʵôǽһ޴ж˵Ǹһд۵жΪˣԪɽйޱȾԪʥŻԳʷ
Ҳ֪ٵһ㲻ͷûС
ȻҪ֤ɽˣȫɾĸӣûóʲô֤ݳ
Եʱһͷ޴æĸ˹
ʲô£Ԫʵ
˶Ҫˣ˷ܵĺ
Ԫ˵ͷ
Ϊ壬ҲһЩĴڡ
ЩȻڸսϲޣȻһ֧޴һˣܹӳǿ
ֻ粢ûƽеֻҰޡ˵ǳϡ٣ֻͨһ;ܹ˵
սʼ֮׼ߣӪᵽʱ򣬽еĽҲתƵ˴ӪΪ˱˵
ʮˣսж˾޴á
ԾܲŷҲ̫ã˵ȴҲһϲ¡
ѣǻҪʱݡ£һͬȥΣԪԷ롣
˵ͷȷʵûʲô飬ҪҲһģԼҪҲûʲôͷɴȥˡ
Ҫ𣬾ҪݻСǧ磬뽫鶴ϸоһ£озʽݻСǧа֮ǰôս鶴ڵĿռܵһЩ𺦣Զ޲ţ޲֮ǰǲܹʹõġ
£ȥˣҲĥʱһð취
·Ԫһͬ˱ɽ֮ޣԷƵ΢Ц
ûôƣǣʮŷֲڱǾͶԷž޴ĺøС
ԪҲǶԷûкøУλϣͱҪǵøһ㡣
ǱԵ׵ĻôǼȫ׼һʱ˵ĵֿͻֱӱ
һֲĴۣȡ練Ļô㣬һǳ顣
Ԫòһ㣡
ȻϣԼ˵ǾûʲôϢڶ̫Żת
һ·ߣʮԪʥֱӻĴӪռطǳһƬɽ֮ϣϢ֮ء
һֱŸԪһ˸ʵԱߡ
һȺˣΧһʲôò㣬ȻȴźͲĲɣɫ
Ȼɫɣ˴˿ȴԵ÷ǳĻԾĭɵڶʮ˵ʲô
ǣɲֵҴţֵһǵ˼£ȴ޷ͻưɵۿٽ׼ĻתȥˣȻʱһһˣҲ˽ĳɾͣ
˵Ļʮ˱ľȻ
Ǹ磬ӦúǰǲŻ˼ǧѡһ˶˵
һЦҲˣϾñĹȡһνָʱĻᣬʵʵ䣬ҲһٶѣǸСӣǰұ֮꣬ҲǺϴġ
˵Ļո˵һ
Ŷ˴½ʱ򣬿ɴûϴأҺǰ֪˶
˵彩סȻŵתžͷһҽС
ɣΪʲôҰģȲ˷ĻᣡΪʲôһ磡㲻Ӧ÷ɽ𣿡
ЩˣЦ˾Ȼڿһ㶼ȻӰ
Ȼƨĵʱָɵɣ˴½ĿռŪһ㣬ȻƨɾˣʰһеҰҼʮǰܷˣǻҪķ˴½Ŀռ޲ãܹĵķ
ǰ˾Ȼڵ˾ȻŭĿŷ
Цû취ʱҿɲ޲ռ䡭Ҳ֪ôصĺʵһصɴ½֮󣬾һʵҲİħޣҲǴ´ңҪɽʹ߸޲ռ䣬˵ɴ½Ҳһ
һһ
˾ȻһȻȴԷһ쳣֣صĴ
һҪлл㣬ȥ˴½һ⣬ǻ֪ЩҪܹʵ֮⣬ҪģȻл簡
˴½Ƿɴ½Ŀɲһϵͳİ
ˣǷҪѺܶ࣬ȻֻҪܷģضǵȻĴڣǰ;Ҳ˾ȻһȻЦ
һֱһĻԪ΢΢ĵ˵ͷȻ˾ȻĶԻϸҲˣȷʵǳһ磬Ȼɽôĸ죬Ҳʲôˡ
˾Ȼ˵ѣΪܹΪ˵ģ;Բκѣ
Ȼ;Բпܷ
ѣ룬ҪĶˣϾٵľơǳѡ
΢΢ĵͷȻ˫Ѿܹȷ˴ΣôҪЭˡ


420 ƻ
ΪʲôҾôù
˾Ȼ֪ٵʱ򣬶Է˵ĵһ仰
ʼ򣺡㵹ùһùأĪľͱץʲô취ֻƴˡ
ҵȥϤһ£˽ЭͬսķʽȻĻäĿսǾ͵ץϹ
˾Ȼҡҡͷ̾ϢһԼ֮ȻǵĺȥֽһЩˡ
ҡҡͷ֮ǰ˴½ʱôûϼһǸأ
뵱˾Ȼεıˣ;ã˾Ȼ磬еġ
ܷˣˣĺˡ
ԼȻҲһˣȴܷģΪԼҲ֣Ҳ˽ģͬʱԼߵ˶¡£ֻ֮˵ġ
Ŀ˾ȻıӰһۣԪʥϢɽ
ֻʣʮԪʥ֮ʮ˾ʹûзֿ
Ϊֻһ𣬲žлžõ˼ɵ
ʮڣǣܹӲдȥ
ͨһɽʹӪǧıɽûʲôҲǱһִʩ
ɽڲͿˣʮԪʥһֱԼŴӪ
ʵҲǻҪЮ
ʮ֣ͬʱ֣ܹ
ӪǾ壬ҲöԷõô
޵ӣôĸҡ
ˣʮԪʥͬʱ¶Цݡ
Ȼûʲô⣬ôڵ
λǰ
ŵһԪʥȴͬʱ˿Ըܷһ
Ǻιʣʵ
ǲԸǰ㶼˾޴ϣǲܽڡ
ԪȻԪʥԴɵˣҲԷԣӦñʾлǣһݷ͡
ֻǡѡЦ
֮ǰɢһٸֲ֮УΪҪıסǵĺֻҪ޵ĴڣôƬ򣬾Ͳɱۻռݵ½ء
Ԫȴû˵飬Ǿֱ֮ǰֻܾӻһ㣬ȻܹЩĺյĻôǾսʤԷĿԣԽǽһƻ
Ըꡣ˵ͷ
֪ԼսһȻӦôãȴ
ڳսķΧ֮£ҲԼܹȡһһսʤȻϾֻһˡ
һսЩ飬ҽǵȫΪԼãľʮŸսϣڲϵڲϵ׳
ûа취⡣
ֻһˣڵսֲƣѾˡ
ǹȻҲ뵽һ㣬ҲڱĵطԵúľګȻս޵ǣӵޱȳɫս۹⡪޵ս۹⣡
ĬĬĵ˵ͷ
Ԫ˵ǵսԡ
ȷʵһƻ
ʮԪʥ֮Χ½صĴ󺣣תƵһ
飬ǿеĺһγɺ½״ôսĵص㣬ͻࡣ
ֻܹһʶı£ôһĳ̶ϣǿɳ֮
ֻҪǰĺбôе飬ᳯǸǰǾͿһһǣʱ򣬷ãǽЩ黯ΪȫգԽԽ٣ڳϣǾܹȡó׵ʤ
һ
˵ȷʵһð취
սСôܹչ˵ս
Ȼ÷ĴƣڱȴҲ£ΨһĻᣡ
Ҳкǿǿöü֮
ǵģǲ֪ӵжٶϾЩˣԭǧ˵ģֻʣʮ
Ԫصĵ˵ͷǾԪʥԪʥԪʥĲǿҲҳ֣Ǹһ磡ֻҪڳսܹȡʤǾ˸ĴϢᣬҲܹϣ
ˣֻΪʱѡ˵ͷ
ǵģܹǵĳôǾܹټһʱ䣬ʱǾͿ취ͨͨȻȥɽԮˡʱڶϣҲܹͶԷ⡣
ͷȷʵһ취˵Ψһİ취
ͨͨȫǵУҿԤϵľǣͨȻ޷պϣȴضر֮£ԪʥĸڰأȻĻ֮ǰϰʱԪʥЩͨҪϢȥȴûܹ
ȻڳսĲܹʤĻЩۻ˵Ĵ½ܹڵ
ܹռЩ½ӵиĵ̣͸սǱ
ϾϵȻǿȻȴѴﵽԪʥصġ
ǿޣڴ½ģڳʮԪʥ½ϵɵġ
ޣֻܴﵽʥļ
һʼռ½أⷽǱ
ܹһ½أôǾпӿֳԪʥĸ֣ȻϣҲã
Ͼô꣬ҲͳһԪʥʮԪʥǧԪʥѡ
ȻǱϾһ·ڣҪõöˡ
һ룬ĴȫŲһ𡪡һֱʣ
Էڴ۷Ǿһģֻʱͨ鶴콫Լ𼶱ʱ򣬷ܸоǹܹɽ
һ󹤳̣Ԫʥǣʱеæˡ
Ҫ೤ʱ䣿ʵ
ҪһµʱɡԪ̾Ϣ
ɲʲô׾飬ȻʮԪʥһһУѾ˼Ĭܹʮ˵һȴҲ޷ڶʱһ㡣
¾ȥ취޲鶴ˣȻĻ˼̣ҵ鶴¾ͻˡЦ
ţַȻɽɱ֮ͬȴȫռܹһصɵģҪˡԪԷ¶һϵЦݡ
ЦЦûлش
ҲһϵҪˣл
ܣ
Ȼ۷Ѿ൱ǿȻһܹǰ۷ȷʵʲô
ԪҲ۾׼ͬһͬȥתƺ򣬷Ҳû˵Ȼ뿪⴦ɽ
ɽ֮£ҫ˵ĹʣĿԶıɽȻ̾һ
࣬ԼҲ࣬鶴Ҳ࣬ȴҲһ
Ҫȥ޲鶴죬鶴Զ޲
Ҫ˽鶴İȻΪԼݻСǧ磬õĻ
۷ս̫ãԼܹͻƵ𼶱Ļ
ôܹսУȡ㹻ĻȨ
ڽ취뿪磬֪ͨɽĹУҲܹ𵽾޴ã
һξ
ǣһԼͻƵ
¾Ϊ֮ǰľУܹ׻ҵͻƵ


421 ʧܵĳ
һɽ֮ϡ
ϥڱɽ߷壬ڴϢȻ˿ʶȴѾȫĽ鶴֮С
֮С쵰ҡͷԵ˹΢΢ЦЦֽС쵰˻͸оˣС쵰ʵƺ˲٣
ͻƵƷˣЩһ䡣
֮ǰС쵰ֻ۷ˮ׼żʱ䣬С쵰ȻѾͻƵ˴Ʒ
ô£
Ȼ޸츳ҪܹǿԼʵԽʵԽǿС쵰̵ܹʱھһ磬ȴҲǼ亱顣
С쵰Ȼ˵ͷʾԼȷʵˡ
ץץͷȻ󻷹һ鶴졣
֮ǰһսʮӿ鶴죬ҽԼͷųȷʵ鶴챾ȹ̵ĿռṹһЩ⡣
鶴һ磬һļʱУйɡ
ȻûĴڣȴ鶴ڰȻš
ܶʼǹ⣬ҫء
أµѾƫƣʱʼң뺣ǿʼòȶ
鶴࣬࣬Ѿʼĩ
ҡҡͷûм˼С쵰Ϊʲôǿ⣬С쵰Դ
ߣһȥ鶴úǰһ
˷ĻС쵰˷ܵ
ԼĵˡǻްܹʶҽģЦ
ʼС쵰һ޲˿ռѷ졣
鶴תĸ⡣
̫ǿ鶴ȹ̵Ŀռ俪ʼѷͱƻĵطԲŵ˻ı仯
ռѷ޲֮Щ仯ͻԶʧ
궫˷ͽ̹޲ռѷķõϵʱ
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ָһһͷֳĻ֮Ǵռѷ죬ܿģռѷۿɼٶȿʼϡ
С쵰Ϸַ鶴ڵĿռѷ죬ں̵ܶʱͱ޲û˿ռѷеռţ鶴ڵתҲʼ
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ȫɾĿռ䰡
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·Ǵӻ鶴Ĵ֮󣬲ʼġ
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齨ԼСǧ磬Ȼô׵飬γԣʧˡ


422 Ĵս
γʧܣû÷еκε١
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˵ɺɣǰ˵ľãԽĻôϣ˭Ҳһ㡣
κ˵鶼Ƕһ޶ģܽڸ˵ģϾľ飬ֻÿʺԼľ顣
ÿ𼶱ĸ֣ǵСǧ磬Լǿҵĸ˷ӡ
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ҪԴҪѧϰĶԶһʿ֮ϣҲǷ죬츳ˣܹ澳вϵͻƣټȫɾеһЩָ㣬÷ٶ˵Ŀݡ
Ȼٿݣܺӵǣÿؽڵʱ򣬶ǳͷۡ
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һڣʮԪʥȴԵޱȵƣһ޾ɵӡ
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˵ͷȻƽʱսУʮԪʥҲǲ֣ܳȴвŶԷĸ֡
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⵽޴ʧֻҪҲͬ⵽޴ģҲֲʧĻôֵõģ


423 ս
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Ԫ˧ĿǰˡͨķеĺŲƵһ磬ɺ߳½أȫһ𡣡
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ŵ磬Щ飬ʵϾǻΪޣ֮תĴڡ
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ڸסǵߣڶޣѾ˹
Ҳϰߵսڵ޵ߣܶ޾ʧȥԼս


424 пĲɱ
Σȴƽʱһ
ںðʱ򣬷һ
ȻĺϯѸٵķɹķ
ǰһǣޱն˵ڶ
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Ȳѵʱ򣬷ǾԲǳܾ޴ʧģΪ֧ȥ
Ȼĳ޾ƺôҲɱĻôʱҲҪ
ÿռ任ʱ򣬵ȵռʧòˣ͵ȥռˡ
ĿԶƬ½صĹ̡
ðĺɫ壬˺Ȼԭĺˮʼ𽥵ƽ𽥵ճģ˼ʵء
ˮ
뵽˰ϸŰ龰
һһչŵطԭϸ񻯡
ĻӦǽ񻯵ĵصгǲ޻Ƿû
ѡķǸ׳н
ЩȫĻǾܼЩڻĵԭĵ档
ʱǱҪģֻܹһһĥԷ
ǵĵڶγѾ׼ʼˡ
սԼı׼ŵڶεս
ֲޣѾʼ׼׼ʱǰսӹս
һսֻһ飬Էʵжǿ
ӿӭȥ
ڶսʼ
͵һսͬǣĵò࣬ҸԷ˴ɱ֮󣬾Ϳʼ׼ȴˡ
ֲ޸ǿʼ֣˵ڶֲսѣʱֵסĽ
ᣬˣֲѸٽ鶴죬Ϊ
ڶƬʼһɱ˫
ΪûзԴķϺڽصʱ򣬿ʼɱĳˡ
һֲ޳ʱһһûһˣڶֲģֻоǧˡ
ǵֲķֲ
δսܶȣ֮ǰսҪǿö࣡
ʧء
ȻȴûһԹԡ
ΪɵɱˣʧҪʮ౶
οǿԲϵĻϢȴûϢ
һֱ֧ţԾܵķΧɱ˵ķ䣬в
ǵļ磬ǷȴñҪ࣬ʲôԹԵģ
ֻ֪ʱһ˴ɽ磬վһ
ⳡҵսֻڸɽ磬Ҳͬڸ
Ѿˡ
ȻǴ۷ˣҲûеԲ߲ݵһֱսȥĵز
ȻڿҲʼ𽥵ĳƵʱ
ÿɱһ飬鶴ģܹΪ֮ĺͻһ֣Ҳܹ֧ȥĶһ֡
²û
ȷʵ޾ġ
ǰ޾ΪܹϵĸÿɱһͷޣǾܶһ
ڣɵĺգһ㲻Ҳʼʧȥ
ʤ


425 ׶ʤ
ⳡս˺ܳܳʱ䡣
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һʼ׵óһƬ֮⣬ĺǶǴ
ȻǵԽԽ٣ǳҲʼԽԽ١
һ죬׼սʱȴȻķ֣ǰѾû˵˵Ĵڡ
ǺѹѹģһֱƺԶҲɱһγ֮Ҳû˸
ãȻһᣬ֪˭ͷͬʱ˾޴Ļ
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ڳսĲϣʤˣ
Щǵ˻ɵ飬ȫˡҲЩ鲢ûȻЩͷ۵飬ȴѾˣ
˹ĵطǼǧԪʥ飬زסġ
Ҫ֪籾Ҳڲϵĺս
û½أȻǳźڰϢûͷŵĺڰϢǻıָ֮ͬǰӡ
ı仯Ѿʼˡ
ھⳡʮ꣬˶Ͷս֮ռݵĺѾǰС˾ųɡ
Ȼڣͺ½أѾ𽥵ʧȥֺڰϢ
һһİΧ½أһһͬ½ء
ͺĴ󲿷½أѾʼ𽥳ĵ棬ʼǿҰһһðֻʣ˻ɫ½أһʱʵɫʡ
һ
Ȼ壬˿ǿ״̬֮УľȴѾ͸֧÷ǳ
ƣ۵ĴӿʱһССĺ¡
ȻͿ˾Ȼ
뷨ûʤˡ˾ȻЦŵ
ǰЩ飬ѾԭĻ֮Ȼսб˲٣ȻʣµĻ֮Ҳźܴá
΢Ц鶴ܲôĻ֮ѾĻ֮ȫͷ˳ӦûתΪġ
Щǵ갡˾Ȼ̧ͷȻ
ͷ
ʮҵսУɱЩ޷飬޵ģڣЩֵ֮ĺתɵĻ֮ص֮ڡ
ܵӰ죬Щ֮𽥵תΪ硣
ĳ̶ֳ˵ǣһֻ
ֻǳʤЩͨȫˣ飬Ҳܹɲɹʧ̾Ϣ
˾Ȼ˵ͷȻѾȷЩǱĳתĻôôʧޣһɼǿûб
ǾԪʥЩޡ
Ԫʥǲǻ磬û֪
ʮλԪʥҲͬʱʧٵģǲҲˣͬû֪
ǧԪʥ
Ҳͷ۵⡣
Ԫ˹̧ͷȥʱÿʮԪʥڳԼ˹
Цִ̧˸кȴʮԪʥͬʱԼһ
ڵľƣлˡ
ҵ֦ͬҲһϣҲЩˡЦ
Ԫ˵ͷ飬ҪˡҪ½תеѾ׼ˣǻԼۻĺأȫԭӡ
˵ͷⱾĲԣȻҲʮĲսУκһս
Ϊ˱ǵ
ֻˣˣԭںĵ棬µĺ
Ҳֻˣܲϵóĺˮȥϴˢ½أӿ½ػָĽ̡
ЩֵǣʮЩеǿĴڣȻһ㶯ûС˼һ֮
Ԫ˵ͷҲһ㡭ȻܹвסǣȻۿôӴľӱһһΪʲôֵ֣顣
Ҳмڲʲôʣ˵Ǹ°ӵļһڱɽɾ׷ɱûпչ飿˼
пܣϾɾĺȻɽڲץضɽŭпܵʱͱɽɾˡЩֻһ־ʹȱźָ֮ɵĳǵķߣձȫ𡣡Ԫ˵ͷ
ںǣͨû˰ءͻȻ
ԪɫһȻźҡҡͷ
ϧǲðաʮˣֲֻдݻʧеκһǶʧȥв˵룡
ǰʮλ˿ıϣȻ׵ĳҲ˵еĸһֱҪλǰȥ̽飬Ȼλһ򾡣ܲСġͷ
ôֻһ취ˣǼӿٶȣָĵ棬Ȼ󣬼ȥ̽ͨԪȻ
Ҳֻˡͷ֮
Զĺϣӿͷ
ͷ󷽣ǴССĺÿϣһվϷ߻еʿܹĽԼķȫ߶
Өĺˮð貵Ĺâ½ء
ÿһˮϴˢ½ؿʼøɾ½صĺڰһһϴȥ¶ԭɫ
ԪһһĻָ
ΨһȷǣЩǿڣ׻û磬Ѿȥ˱ĵط
ɾǿڣȥʲôط
Ҫֻ֪ҪһԪʥ֣һƣһ㶼ڡ
ΨһܹģʮԪʥ֣Ի硣
ԪʥǿʼǰˣҪЩʩָòǣͬʱʲô飬Ҳܹһʱ䷴Ӧ
سˡ
ҪѾˣҪǿԼʵ
صԭ޷Ӫѡһɽôȥ
ʮûϢľѾ͸֧÷ǳ
ȻȴҲûкô
ʮÿ춼ʮ޽鶴죬ȻԼͷųȴûּĶޣ鶴죬ʼԽԽӦѹ
һʼʱ򣬿ռ仹΢Щȣǵ˺ͷųپ޴Ҳ鶴Ŀռʲô⡣
һĶ졭ҵӦҵ޸ȷʵ̫ǿˡ
̽һ鶴֮̾
Ȼ鶴ò࣬ڷЩΪĻ֮󲿷ֶͳڣĿֲѾݽߵȻϾôĺޱȾ޴ģ鶴ڵĻ֮Ѿﵽһ۷塣
ֱӵĺǣС쵰õ˼ĺôѾӵܺͷʵ
С쵰Ѿû鶴ˣ鶴ڳܲôǿһͷޡ
ҪٲͻƵʵĻ¾Ҫȥ˰
С쵰ͷЦ
С쵰ͷԷһмһ˵ӡ
ЦȻʼĿ˼
ʮȻڲϵսȻҲûֹͣ˼
ԼСǧ磬Ӧȥ
֮ǰѾ֤ˣ鶴ķʽԼһ鶴һûõġ
໥ų⣬ֻԼ𣬶ڡ
Ҫһµ磬͵ƽµ硣
Ա˵ʵ۵һĳ̶ȣһ㣬̫ѵ顣
ԷԵüˡ


426 ϵ
ˣֻҪһԼص磬ܺԼȫںһ
Ȼһ˼٣Ͼÿ˶ӵʵۣܹԼݻһµġ
ɽôĴУҲһңܹﵽʵģǧ˶ѡ
Ҫһ㣬͸ӵѡ
һȫܵˣôҪһȫܵ硣
е˶ܹ硣
ںСһҪȫ档
ȻĻǾֻһ취ˡ
ĬĬš
һ˻֮硣
ܹһеȻͲᱻԼų⡣
Ƿ뵽ķ
ܿľͿʼ顣
Ļ֮г͡
һһģҪںϳһ
Ȼʧˡ
֮ǰ鶴򣬻򿰿͵ʱŻᱻƵųݻ٣ȫɻ֮ɵں˶ûγɣѾǧƬƬ
һ
Ļ֮ڵðɢݡ
籾Ҫǿҵĳͻɼصĺ
ʱС쵰ŴԼ죬ۡһеĻ֮˽ȥһѣ
ǷҲ㾪һ亹
ûбԪʥǵ֮¶𣬷ǱԼСĻˣǾͱһЦˣ
Ҫ֪ڵľ磬ֻǴ۷壬ʮսϵת֮ΪãܹõѾԶԶĳһĴ۷塣
Ҳ١
ûоĻ֮籾ͻʱѾĻȫֵסɳ
δķС쵰ͷ̾ΡҪлˡ
С쵰̧ͷȻַ塣
û֮ҲСƵô¡
ƽ֮ķʼ˼
ʶԼơ
ǹͬǿһơ
һݻСǧ磬ͽǰ;
ǿ󣬲Ǳǿ
ɽǧϴ̣ÿһˣһɡ
ɶڽСǧ棬ܹӳҲԶЩ¼ҹ˵𷢻ӳҪǿ
ܹݻСǧĻôܹԼСǧĸ֣ЩֵҲΪһӡ
ʶԼвϵߣڵ
ޱȾĻ֮ơ
Ȼǻ֮ΪʲôԻ֮ɵȴҲ⵽ų⣿ɽ編ľϵųȴһ㣿
ʣڷԺ𽥵ķŴ
ɽǻֵΪϸµġ
Ϊɽصγɵġ
ǲһһֿͬʱķ磬ÿ壬ͬĹͬ㡣
ľľǷʥľʥľ
飬ʥʹĴʥǶһ츳ܣЩ츳ܣͨġ
ɽȴһ
ɽƽƽ棬ȴܹЩͨƽܹôĵزǿʡ
ʣǲͬģָġ
óó壬óʽóƣóóó
ɽ߸ɡ
Ĵڣ󶥼ϴ̡
֮ǰȫɾڵķ֮⣬ɽûܹܹͨȫ뷨
ɽټľ档
ҪģӦֻһ򣬶һϵ
¶˻ȻЦݡ
֮򣬻û;ͱֻ֤һ㡣
ԭʼĻ֮ͷܹʹõĻ֮Ҳǲͬġ
ʵϲܹʹû֮õģֻǻܹ֮ص㡣
ʱ򣬷Ὣ֮תΪʥ硢ʱҲҪ֮תΪܹʹ
û֮򣬴һʼǴġ
ģ鶴ʱڼ͵ʱŻܲסѹΪ鶴͵Ḷ́ɽ編һɳ͵Ĺ̡
ֻз磬ǲġ
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ɽߴɣҲǷ
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ԭ
¶Цݡ
˼άȻʡ
֮ǰĻۣѾ㹻ˣûĸܹӵĻۡ
СǧķҲѾϤˡϾĹ鶴ĳɳһͬɳ
һĳɳϤ̶ȣҪݻԼСǧ磬Ǻѡ
ѵۡ
ȻʮĴսУսȥΪ鶴֮ڣתΪԼõ
ȻЩսһ֣ķ磬ȻЩľȴ÷ⷽ棬Ҳ㹻Ļۡ
ڴ۷ϣҪԼӦ㹻ȻΪݻСǧ¼ʵĻ
ںܶ˵һĹ̡
ΪôѧҪƾôĽҲҪ൱ʱ䡣
ȴڶ̶̵ʮڣĻۡ
ͬʱݻ߿Ҳܹ
һ֮еĻ֮ʼͬˮһӿ֮С
鶴ǳӯĻ֮Ҳӿ˷֮ڡ
ƿʼҵ𶯡
ٲɣһָ֮ǣ£һ𣡡
ߵ磬ʼ˷֮ڣгһͼΣ߸㣬ʼ˼ת
ߵתŨÿҪʵʵĻ֮ʼϵĳ߸㼯С
ܿģ֮ڵĻ֮ʼϡ߸棬Ż֮ҲʼԽᣬģ߸ĳΣʼ𽥵֮ڳ֣
ȻʱȴȻ֣֮ƺЩˡ
ѾĹؼʱ̣ʹ˷ȻΪϧʱ򣬷ϣ̧ͷС쵰һۡ
֮С쵰뷽ͨģȻû˵С쵰ȴѾ˷˼
С쵰ɥ˹鲻Ըſ졣
һɾ֮Ļ֮ӿ˷֮ڡ
õɻ֮İߵ磬ʼӿٵת
ţ߿ͬǵĲһ㣬֮ڣ
߿򣬳֮ڡ
һ
Ʋûжϵκεų⡣
ֻǵһСǧСǧӵĹܡ
һǣǷ֮
ӵһԪء
ڶǣ֮ӵжԼ뻷ʮ
̫򣬽֮򣬵ҩ򣬷򡭡
ѧһ̣۳߿򣬶߿һϵ
֮䣬޵ϵ
ǿʼ𽥵ĵԼĴС໥֮ļࡣ
һУпǧ


427 ɾ
߿ȫͲȶ֮󣬷һ
С쵰ɫøˣɥٶſ죬ԼĻ֮Ĵ˹ȥ
ʱȴ˲С쵰жôĸӣһĻ֮˲ͽ߿ͬʱչ
߿ڳ͵ʱ򣬴Լֻռ˷ʶٷ֮һĿռ䣬ڣ͵ĹУ໥֮ľҲڼʼձһ໥Ӱȴֻ΢ϡ
֮ʼıԼص㣬Χ߿򣬿ʼ˸ı䡣
ȻȻȴ˴֮΢Ĳͬ
ʱɵĵס֮󣬾ͿԸԼص㣬ڲͬ
ʱܹӵеҲܹ뷽֮С
ɽÿô򣬳ٲǹЩ³Ϊפ֮⣬󲿷֣ɾǵ֮УΪǵ˽
ĵزǾԳ磬ҲɽĹϽ
һֱеĻ֮ȫϣͣԼĶ
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߿ͬʱɢǿ˲ͽڵ
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ңԶɽϿգ˹ӵĸҥ
֮衣
ɽףжһĸ
컨׹
һһ̺ޱȾ컨䵽˷ͷ֮ϡ
Ļһ¸첲
Ŀռ䣬ʼ𶯡
֮
Ͷ֮䣬лһ
ǿԶԶĳһ
֮ǰޱȺʵĻۣͻʱޱȵѣһ˲䣬˼Ļر
ԪʥҪʮ֣пܻ硣
Ȼ˿һˣһ㡣
Сǧ𣿡

ڵ߿ԴԴϵĹӦŷ
Ƚһӡʱ֮Ҫӵǿ
ڵǳ˿̶Ϊá
У
ڣڷ֮ڣá
һ¾Ϳ֪Ƕôǿ
ԼҪ롣
һһԼСǧչΪǧ硣
Сǧǧ֮Ĳ࣬СǧӵһУȴû
ǧܹ˶飬Ȼڴǧг֣ЩҲԵõ
֪ԼҪģ뵽Լ֮УǿԼ
⣬ȻǼġ
̧ͷ˿뺣棬һ˿İС
ûйĸо
ǰôǿֻܹоԼصһӡ
ڣѾƬأӵԼء
أѾƽȵĴڡ
֮飬ҲĶ֡
ԭĸоȫĳԼĳԼأǡ˲Ĵڰ
̾
ֻ𣬾ѾزôǿɾǻʲôĴڣ
ƽʱɽ磬˿ͻƵ𣬱ضһ¡
ɽ߲㣬Ϊ˶𶯣Ǹ߸ϵɾǣҲǰףأףм䣬ֶһǿĴڡ
һ㣬ӷͻƵɽҲ֮裬ͿԿ
ɽ磬ɺеġ
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ɺɣɽϣԼģͬʥʹһ뿪磬ǵʵͲʲô
ṩʵάֳǺ硣
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ǵĶ֣飬Ҳ𼶱ĴڣֻЩͼȫ˶ѣ߼ûг֡
ô˵ͻƵһЩԱ֮
߶˵ս֮УӵһЩԱ
һָһС쵰ͷһɱ֮ǰС쵰ĸΪǿĻ֮˲ӿС쵰ڣԭԵޱήҵС쵰һ
Դ˿̷ʵʩչĻ֮Ѿ֮ǰС쵰Ϊ۷ʱӵеĻ֮ھɻ֮֮С쵰ͺһ壬ƺʹһȦ
ףڿʼ𣿡
һ䣬֮ǰС쵰ôʵ˸Ļȫһ۷ʵ۷ʵС쵰ĸͷȴһҲûг
ڣֻǽ˷С쵰ƺͿʼˣ⵹һǳ÷еֵ顣
С쵰˸ǷһԱ˯ӡ
ȻʧЦ
С쵰ڵ鶴ƺѾȥˣǿֻ鶴Ҳ鶴Ŀռ䲻ϵ⵽ƻ
ԷץС쵰ֱӾӵԼȥ
֮С쵰һڷ߿żռǿյ֮⣬ĶǺƵ޼ʵǿգǿ֮䷭ǿĻ֮С쵰ϲĻ
С쵰Ҳûзȥκһ򣬶ҹһ䣬ʼ
ʼʱÿһ֮䣬кĻ֮ڣȻ
ĽУС쵰壬ҲʼȻıÿһκ֮ǰôһȦȻ۶޷ʶȴڲϵԼĿͷ
Ȼһ㡣
ڰС쵰ӵԼ֮󣬷뿪ǵĴӪȥǰߡ
ĺ֮ǰֻǴ۷ʱҲҪʱطһˣڣֻһյĹ򣬷ͿԽңԶľ룬ֱǰʮԪʥصĵط
ڱĿԪ۾ŷ
ѿоˡϲɺءԪЦ
ܸλǰľˣٷսĻҲܰ޴ˡЦ
Ԫ˵ͷͼӦöѾˣвģҲ޴Ķ֣ܹ𾳽磬ڽսУҲܹ𵽾޴á
սûʤ㣬ǲ֪ʱڣҾĸˣʵ
ܲһֱûǰšѾָսʼǰĹģܶ½أҲϴˢɾΪԭأֻսѷûд򲹳ĻʱڣҲ޷ָʢʱڡԪش
ĬĬĵͷ缱ģҲǷڼġ
ҪԼڵĿ飬ԼСǧԽԽǿ
ҲͬҪ֮תֲ𺦡
ȻҪһ㣬ͱͨͨȡϵ
ʱ򲻹ǶսӶǵ򣬻ǺɽЭ飬ɽ䣬ҪϵС
ͨмĿܣеĸ߲ڰء
ȥͨڵĵط


428 ڰ
ȥͨڵĵط
ʮԪʥ
ԷĻԪʥǲûʲôĸо
ܹͻƵ𾳽磬Ϊ֮ǰ㹻Ļۡ
ʮ˲ҵս˷İơ鶴ͨ˺˳ɾĻ
ǵ֮ҪҪԼСǧ磬ܹСǧĴǧ磬ɾʵ
糣սսոϨû㹻ʵ
ʵϣȻĽˮ࣬Щ򣬶Էȴûʲôô
Щ򣬶֮ǰսлõ򻯳ɵĽЩϵĻ֮ѾתԷûʲôô
Ҫµ
ֻкȡϵ֮󣬲ܹá
ȥͨڱС
ⷽ棬ǰﲻʲôԪ̾Ϣ
˵ͷףλǰǰ;ˣȻᶯҪ֪ģֻͨλöѣͬʱҲ̽һڵӵжôǿʵ
Ԫ˵ͷܹ½һ㣬ȻáʵǷࡣ
⻰Ͳ˵ˡҡҡͷ֮ǰĳŬΪ磬ҲΪ÷ĳԼܹõĻȥ
ԪͷȻԼ֣ڿлһ¡
һƬˮ˿Уˮ֮Уһϸĵͼôˡ
֮ǰĽֲͼ
Ԫ͵ͨھԪʥ֮ǰӵɽȸĽ
ҪͨΪʲôһѵǳÿζҪͨ𣿡Щʵ
ȻˣΪǲϲÿγھԪʥľᣬȻһģûʲôɢҪ뿪ȥĵطޣͨǶҪԪȻĵ
ǻ治һķհ̾һ䡣
Ϊֻϲ磬ĵطĶȥ˱Ҫȥĵط֮⡣Ԫͷ
ֱһȺլ
ѹִٶҲûϵϣΪƽʱͲôһչؾǼǧ꣬ɽ緽Ҳʲôġ
ǻѡȴ֣Ҳԭġ
Ƿʹ磬ĸǳ顣
縲𣬾͵ӵȫһĻ˵ϯɽ磬綼Ļǲѡ
ڻãѾȶס˲ֻҪܹɽȡϵɽ߲ǣ̫⡣
ϾɽĻҲС
ĬǵΣԪѵĵѾıˣ⸱ͼ̫
˵ͷĲ˵ʮԪʥʩеĺһ飬Ѿıĵòο֮ǰս˫ÿһƬأΧ֮ȮõѾ˷츲صı仯
б仯ͨڵλãȴ仯ϾǾԪʥٵܹͨıͨλõĻھͽֱͨŲƵ֮УȻԮ˰ɡЦ
ȷʵˡԪͷΧĻʲôģ϶Ǻŵͼϲһġ
ֻҪַ֪ˡ
Ԫ˹֣ͳˣôһҪôɽĴҪôǵ鱨
Ԫס˷֣¡
Ǿ͡еˡ
̧ͷԶԶĿ½أȻ
ʼ½ǰ
ںϣеúܿ죬ڵ½֮ͿʼԼٶˡ
ĴԼģڸصǡ
Ϊģ޻ܣ˲ԷŴ½½ϵĺһһɢ»ʡ
Լʶķ˳ȥ̽ΧĻ
Ÿոս½ķΧʱ򣬷ʶܹǵĶ򣬲ڽ½Χϰ֮ǵϢʧˡ
ڲΪӪĻָķòǺˮָȻһһĻָ½صķò
Ϊǲ֪ʲôĵڴ½ϣʮԪʥԼפŲƵߣҲΪ˸ֱӵ֧֡
˰ﷶΧ֮󣬷ʶҲκεˡ
ԭ鲼ڴ½ص飬ѾʧЩҲûӰ
ϵľɽеķ绯ˮ֮ˮɢŴȻԽɢͻԽ
ӣŻЩرֱ͸״ڵͼ鶼ˣʧȥʱصЩ棬ǲ죬໨һЩ֮Ҳָܹԭӡ
һ߷һš
ûзɾ裬ǽԼʶȫչһеˣͻһʱķӦ
һֱ½ʱ䣬ûвκļ
÷У¶һ˿Ȼ
硭Ѿֻʣ˷ʹӪеЩڣ
ȻǧĹģӪеĸҲǧ򣬲Ǳˡ
һڵޡ
һ簡
Ȼ˿ԶԶɽ磬ҲҪһЩǺôҲһ磡
Ȼ֪ڶʢʱ޵ľȻȴ֪ãһԪʥʮԪʥǧԪʥôʤĴڣͲǧ
µĵͼޣǻʮϰڵĹģ
ֻʣ˲һڣ
һ
ҲûΣˣҲǴԪûʱ䣬ͻָ
ʲôսĻ͸ָ
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ûʲôսһģ壬һٸֻһҲĪĲ¡
ʲôںһУ
ҧ롣
˵֮Ȼս绹Ǻƽģ
֮ǰɽսҲûôĸ
ֻǵҶȵģСģսѣҶ˽ǡ
ڷУҺܹĴȨԼҲܹɽĻȨĻôпƶ֮ĺȡ裬ƶ֮ĺƽ
ڣȰƽ磬ٲһ
һ㣬벻ͨ
ɣľǳЩ޷ʥģףΪڲǿ
ȻΪԴᣬôΪʲôҪݣ
ЩɢһѾɽţʲôΣգȴʼĵҪȥѹƽ໥֮ѰҴ̼
Ļ֣ʲôĴڣǵĿʲô˵Ҫǿ󣬾ҪǺɥܹ
ĿĵĻǾûʲô˵ˣ˫ìܼ޷⣬Ȼģֻܹݣ
һ˼ţһ߷Ŀĵء
ͨͨ
ڣͨͷߡ
УǣŨڵͬī֭һ㡣
ȻԶգȴѾʼ͸
Ϲգ½ϺڰգӦ
ཻ֮ǹڰһγһĻɫ
𽥵׳󣬶ڰΪʧȥ֧Ԯʼ𽥵ή
ڴӹһƬɽڰһƬ
ڰȴΪںڰУѰҵһ߹
һһӣ磬Ҫڰȫ
ص㣬ɽ磬Ҳаͺҹ֣֮磬Զǹġ
˺ڰ֮С
Զǣڷڰ


429 
ڵգҫ׹⡣
ͬһ磬ڷ·
ʶûвֵĴڡ
Ҫӽͨˡ
ڷԺмصķλǺڰŨĵط
ƬŨĺڰԪʥֻء
ЩԪʥѾˡ
飬ȴӰ
һɽ
ԭߵɽ
һԪʥסĵطߵɽ
Ϊߣӽգ޸֮
ԪʥȻռĺõطȴռݣеκһͷ޶ɽϣʵģͻͻԼĲΡ
ûͳߵģֻ쵼
ͨͨھɽΧ
ҲǾԪʥһֱ
Ҫ磬ֻдͨнôһʱ䣬ͻԪʥ¼Ĵڡ
һеƣչֳص㣬չֳһôƽĵط
Ȼƣȴڻǽ֮ʣϾе·
ڣΨһϣȴһɽ͡
ֻԪʥģʸǰ̽飬ԪʮԪʥȴϣǲǰ
ֻвǰͻƵķʸ
ڣ˾ɽ֮¡
̧ͷΡʣȴԵ÷һɺƵĴɽ¶һ˿Цݡ
⻹ķ񰡡ɽҲֻչֳݣ
ͨɽĸǷ֪顣
ͨȻϡ
̧ͷɽӵһ㡣
Լڵ㣬
ӵΨһ·ˡ
ǣΪʲôﲢû˰أ
Щǿǿ飬ȥĶ
˵ЩǿޣᱻΪ飿
Ҳܻɱǵ֣
Ƿûиое˵Ĵڡ
ޣ㻯Ϊ飬ҲԳһ塣
е
ڳΪ֮ǰĸֱԵЩƽӹ
Ȼﵽ֮ӵе磬Գһ壬ȴжһݵĴڣ
ǾӵɾһҲ޷ڿռзԼʵġ
˰صĻôͱضˣһмǿִڣ
ĻĺֵĻôܶ飬ƺܹˡ
չ꣬ɽҲûǰ
֮õĹϵ˵磬ǲʲôΣյģҲ档
䣬ȴûһ˽緢ȥһûг֡
ⲻܡ
ǰǰһɱһҲضᾪɽ硣
ضɽڸһ㡣
һǼΪ߲Ĵڡ
ôĴڣʲôˣ
۾
ȻĻʼͷųޱǿϢ
ǿҵ֮ͷ˳˲ɢܵĺڰ
ʵһޣʼопֲĴڣ
ɣ
һ㲻类Ļ
һԼĻ𲻻𣬺ʲôϵ
㻹ǳˡ
ɽߵ㴦Ǹ𽥵¶εӰӣ¶һ˿Ц
Ȼ㣬Ụ̋
ŰӢϣ¶һ˿΢Ц
Ϊʲô˵أ
ֶԸɵˣȻǻһЩ뷨ֻʱҲ֪ǲȷʵɽһӣ˵ɽͽ
Цһֱҵ֮Ҳŷ֣ɽضһӴʵΪţȻĻɽĹϵôսУɽһ㶼֪飿
˵ûһУġ
ŰӢϣðŨĺ
ǲֻ֪кڰΪҲһ磬ܹﵽ۷Ǹ磬Ϊܹõĸܵ۷ǹȻԼ
Űſ˫ۣŨڵӿͬɫĳһ㣬ڱס˾ķ嶥Ҳڱסͨڡ
Լ֪ʲôǳԼ𣿡Ц
ŰȴĵȻ֪ģֻȫĵͶڰܹñǿܹﵽ߲εı˰
ɻ
ǵģ
ŰЦļһֻӬӪȴ֪ޱ߼ʵ磬ֻһѣܴԶʲôأ
ֻ֤֤һ𣿡̯̯֡
һ㻹Ҫ֤𣿡
Ű̺ЦĿŷʦͨ죬Ѿﵽ۷壬Ѿܹ֮ܵ⣬ŸӹĿռ䣡ǲ֪ʲôģȴϣ֪Ҫ˵һȫµգ
˵ǻΪ飬Ǽ𣿡Ц
Ȼġ
Ű̵˵ͷֻܹ֮޾飬ȫһ𡭡Ҳܵ˰ɣͬһʶ֮³һŬʱܹӳô
ǻǱҺˡʼ֮
ֻǴڵʽȴǲģЩƯ֮䣬ֻҪտס磬ЩΪáŰ̻ش
ȷʵǲģȴڵģռôȴô˵ٺҲһȺ߶ѡԣֻһȺӣӵǿҲһȺӡػ
ŰĿŷȻϧҡҡͷ
Ȼʦ˵ûһһһߣݣϲŰ૵ĵ
Ŵţ˵ıһ֮˽ļһҼöˣĻûõġÿͨҲ֡Ȼ
ǸҿΪصԭ򣬾Ϊ˲뿪磬ȻĻǵļƻźܴӰءŰ̻һ¸첲֮
ǵļƻڶɽʲô
ŰЦûлش
ʵ𣬶Ѿû𣿰ŪҪĿȻҪңҲɽ硭ǶɽѾˣ
ʦɵĴڣȫɾĴаʱʦûȫĻȫɾĴУʵһʧ󰡡Ű̸̾
ǸʦžǰŪźɣɾˮƽѣɽ磬ٻɾΪƾǵܹȡʤ𣿡ʵ
Űʼȴش
ҵ֪һЩʲô֪ܴһЩ֪֮ı£Ҳɵӣڹȥڣתһǧ߰ʮ˸ָ飬ҵɲأֻҪ㲻ңû뿪磬㣬ڵ˵Ǻܻһء
ƾסңЩĸҴֻĶӵķݣǾƾһҲסҰɣЦ
ʮΪʲôûжΪҲҪɱЩĻᣬϴԼģԼʵ
ŰЦͷУҲðǿϢ
㿴һĺƽ㻹ң޷ڶ̶ʮڣͨôĴԼӵݻСǧսսңӵĻᣬͻ˴۷
Ű̺ЦĿŷ㿴Ҳˮ׼ƾʲôܹսʤأ
شģǵĹһӡ


430 뿪
һӡķʱұǿô£Ҳ޷һƹһӡķأ㲻ãùһӡԸһʵ̫ðһЩ𣿰
Źһӡ˲٣ͻŰ̲µϣӲŰ̵ϣûзϻ˲˺Ű֮ľ룬Ѹٵĳȥ
һӡһŰϻֱðûзӦʱ򣬷ѾӽỤ̋Ȼֱһȭ
Űͷðǿͬһһ㣬ֱ
Ȼӭ㲻ôһȭŰͷųͻ˹ȥ
޴Ȼﵽľ磬ȴɵս˼άս
ȻԼȭͷӲԼŰ̲ס
Ȼһ̣ڶԾ
һȭ赽;ߵǿӷðȻȭͷ
ͬԴȴ΢ͬһ˲䣬ڷȭͷϣΪһ塣
Űðıһȭ֮£߽⣡
ۿǹ̺ԼȫһȭɢݣŰ̻˵ʲôԺٶȰһ
ûע£֪ʲôʱ򣬷ָŹһӡڿһȦӣȻӺŰһǺݵġ
һŰ϶ðҪ˵һӡ𼶱ĸˣȻڶԿһȭķ൱ʱ򣬱һӡصһ»֮š
ᣬȥһȭߣŰ໲ҽС
һֱһȭ֮󣬷Ȼˡ
˵һ˲䣬Ű̱˰Ҫ׼ľٴ룬ڿС
Ű̧ͷжѪҺɫѪҺ
Ѿһˡ𣿡ʵ
ŰѾû֮ǰĵݺݵĿŷһҪˡ
λ֪ӵеҵģ
Ҿڱ㡭սֻңʲôѹ׵Ķóҿɡ
ĵ
֮ĽҲѾˡ
໥Կʱ򣬱˴֮ͷųܹγһϣǲǴ֮ȡģǴԼڳȡ
Ļ˴֮սøĿռʲô⡣
֮ǰѡУͶܶɱŽԼʱľ磬޷ƵģԿƻɽĿռ䡣
֮ĽӰ쵽
ʮԪʥҲñвˣʮ˺ܹһ˲ͷųޱǿĿռܵ޷ֲ˺
ĿŰ̡
Ű̻ðĺʼԽԽŨңúõһԭޱȵˣ˿̱ùɭɭһ㡣
ƲƲ죺ЩɰϲԼŪ
ΣΪܹ㹻ǿ
Űſ죬Ȼ̧֣ȥԼϵѪ
ͬ˵УҲǿ޵еġܹսʤ㣡
Ű̵Ļ߿ʼСΧȫתš
תһǧ߰ʮΣÿεıһȻҲΪԭҵıɢһǧ߰ʮݣȻͬ˵ǿĴڣȴҲûܹʲôѹԵơֻܹһͬ޵е
Ű̵ԽԽ󣬶Ũһǧ߰ʮΧ
ںİΧ֮УЩϣֳ˲ͬĹâŰһǧ߰ʮ۵ȫ
ֻкڰǰһеġ
Ű̵ʼƽһ³촽ĺѾסеС
ܿģСĹâȥʼۼһںϳһͨڣɢĴ󶦣
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صѹѹס˷һҪľٶðŨҵĺҪҲ
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ڴԼͷ֮󣬷ͻȻЦ
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Щ֮ҵԴ֮һ㣬ӿ˹һӡ
Գ磬ҺΣ
ȻһЦ֮һӡ䣡
һӡð貵Ĺâ˴Ļ֮֮ԭķĹһӡҲʼչֳı仯
Գ磬Ҽҵ־־һƣ
˱Ĺһӡķӡǣһ
ķ̽ǣͷΪȨ
ϷȥĹһĶסĶ
زʣΪۻ
ʥ˳塣
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ŰĿŹһҫĹâͬһĴĺѹȥĴ󶦣ôһһĳ
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ֻǿģڶôӵ£ᱻֻһַʽ棡΢淽ҲκεΰĴڣҪӵǿ
ſ˫ۣպ֡
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һִӷųʱ򣬹һôһͷײ˴󶦣
ŰԺڰ֮ںԼһǧ߰ʮתɵ󶦣Ȼڹһһײ֮£ʼһ˿˿Ѻۣ
һıȴ˵ľӨ͸Ⱦ
ѷԽԽͬ֩һɢӦ֮󣬴󶦵ĶѾܲѷ죬ƺһ̣ͻһѺĩ
Űۼһ֮󣬴һӣͽѾصĴŻӿ˾ʧԭأ
ľȻ
һȻ鶴һſһɺ˽ȥȴҲŰ̵Ӱ
˵ľ磬ǺѱɱġӵԼСǧ磬СǧǵԴõķ˺κһռѷ죬ͿѳȥȻȥһδ֪ĵطȴҲܱԭصҪá
ҲɽܹǰǳޱȵĲҵս׳֮һ
Ͷ˺ڰỤ̋ɱص㡣
ЩԪʥҲӵصĻžͲ˰ɣ
ĬĬţڹȥϵԪʥҪͻƵͨ磬ԮȻǶʢʱڣҪĶԸ飬ҪŰ֣ȻпܵǣǳͨȻǱߵȴǵȴǺڰ
̧ͷͷͨЩԥ
Ҳ֪֮ͨͨԼģʲô
һ֮󣬷ͳһƣȻעһϢһӣƾͬһĳź˹ȥ
֮󣬷ͷҲصĳͨ
Ƭ֮
ʮԪʥǰѾͨа飬ĴڣȻɽ缫пܴͬս֮УȥδȻΪɽ֮ˣҲҪɽ磡λԪʥΪ֮֮䣬˿̵ʵѾޱɽֵסλҲ޷赲ƣǹرͨԴδΪá
ԪޱĶ֮еϢתͷʵλֵܣǿΣ
ԪʥǷ׷̧ͷ¶˼ᶨĹâ


431 
ͨУѸٵǰ
ԪʥµǶϢʵġ
Ű̵ĻУģʦѾɽ翪ʼ˶
磬Ű䱳ܹʱ𲽵Ĺ磬߽ľ׳ԼɼǲûͷԵĴڡ
ڣô鶼ҷͬʱҪ֮ͨҲֻŰһ𼶱ĸأⲢΪǵʵ
ԪʥʧʮԪʥЩ־ˣҲôϢֻһܣǾѾΪһĴڡ
ôඥĸ֣Ҫ˵ǲѴ֮֮ǰΪʮԪʥвֻͨǣôڷ޴صʵʱЩһῴŷ
ϾǿǽڵŰ̺ľӪŻ
ȻЩԸֻ֤һ¡Щ֣иҪҪ
иҪսǰȥμӡ
ܱ綼Ҫսǻʲô
ɽ磡
ʮʱɽ絽׷ʲô
Ű̱ӵжôǿ
ɽ֪ģǿһ֮ѹĴڣ
Ű̱ǿһҲʱ䣬ƾʲôܹɽôѹƣ
ƵĻŰԼʱ򣬾Ͳô
ɽĳ⣬ô˿̵磬ȫġ
ֻҪرͨôս֮ǰʤһӵޱǿ֮ǰûͨͨġ
磬ܹʱİȫ
Ƿѡ
ɽˣҪǣصӡˡѡȫɽ磡
ûţɵʵһŶȲϣ
ɽ˴ս֮䣬ֶٵ
ԾҲҪڻɽ·ϣ
ͨٵӹ
ͨǾԪʥԿٵͨȻƺѾܾûˣȴޱȵȹ̡
ͨڱ֮ϣһһͼ
ͼ
ȻԼؾԼ壬𲽵ĽԼ
һɽһЩͬҲһĲ
ԪʥὫЩϸʽͨڱ֮ϣΪͨͨǣܹһЩĸ
Щʽ˶ʲôΪ޷
ɽ磬˵ؼͷؼʲôһŪҲ޷
ͨߣҲ޷ѧǵ
ȴһ⡣
ܹѧʥҲܹѧġ
ԪʥµûпȥѧϰȻóУǿҲˡ
ǽ룬ͬʱ౾壬һͬ໥ݡ
һЩɽķֻԪ֮ȴҲͬ
ڷ뾫֮ȻΪһ壬ÿ޶ܹصĴڣõսʿ
ȻԵõһȴԵñȽϹƽ
֪ʺԼܲܽԼȻԪָӰɣʱͼ棬Ǻ˯أǺԪ˯ء
ѽҲ̫аˣ
ȥǱȽʺС쵰
С쵰Ȼ𲽵ıȻȴҲһֱû̫Ľ
ԷĽǵС쵰ԺƾԼȥڡ
Ϣڷ֮ڵС쵰ȻõôϢȻʹ˸Ƿ˯
ҲǻĽʽǾ˯УҲܹһһʵֻҪڻ֮ӯĵطǾˣ
֮ͨڣ֪˶ãǰڳһ˿⡣
Լȫעȴſֵܳδ֪Ĵ
ԽԽӽҲʼԽԽ޴
ͣԼǰĲ
ս
ͨȥһƬʲôĵط֪
ĵطᷢʲôսǲ֪
۾Լʶͷ˳ȥ
ʶͷųȥ֮ʹһս
˿̵ʶǶôǿΪ𼶱ĸ֣ڳսУǽ޵еĴڣ
ʶһȥ˾޴𵴣
һϺȴ֮ͨ⴫˹
λѣ𼶱ˡҵȽ´󣬼Ը
һϺ֮󣬷оսڴ󲿷ǿʼһ𣬶ŷһĳ˹
һ
ЩȻĶ֣ƶǴ۷弶ĸ֡Ȼȴ֪ʲôôһ𣬳ŷͳ˹
һײ㷽̫⣬ǳЩ»⵽صʧ
δȻԸóȻ֣οϺȣƺӦɽĸ֡
ͳȻԼĹһ
ŷڴˣɽһ·ĵѣڽԼĹһȥ֮󣬴ȵ
ͨ⼤Ϊ֮һЪţһӰʹͨ˹
㣡
㡭Ȼ
û뵽ģõĽ
һͨȻľɵĵӣ
ʱ򣬼Ŀ¶ο
ͨʱԭ֮ϵ
Ǳ˴֮䣬֪˶ԷȷʵԼ˼ĺǸˡ
Ͷ˷ĻС
ȴû˶ʧȥǡ
㣬ʲô
ţһͬڵֵЩĳ֮ĹϵϾϧһֱ޷֮ͨͨǰɽͨĵǶûл
˵ͷȻ§żƮȻͨ
ڷǰģһƬս
죬Ʈ裬ţڽ󣬵ֵ޾ĳ
һ
ĸŵǣŵ֮£ֵĳڲϵĽ֧Ԯ
Ⲣ÷еԾģǴӷ֮˻еһϤ
磬öˡ
˻ǣһβƮޱȣƺһʵռ䣬һռ䡭
Ƕǻޣ
֯ܣŵ֮£ɱÿһп
Ϯ飬ͬһĵ£Ȼÿͷµ飬ȴǻΪȻʧ
֪ʱǷϻһЩʱ򣬲ȶԼҪϢҲԵôĲʱˡ
ȻľǣɽҲ˺һľ֮УЩҪɱ鷳Ȼȴɱ֮
һͷƣʼٵ͡
ţһͬһ֮ͬ콵¶һ㣬׼˾ŵķ֮ǰ
Ƿ׷׵ķ˲ҽһ֮£ǰߵǣ׷׵Ļ˺Ҫݡ
һ鶴ſǿЩ룬ʧ
ԶƳĺŽ
ƺõʲôָһ㣬ˮһȥ
û׷ϣΪ֣ԼЩƺҲֻα겻α
ʱɵĵǣѾ׷׵˹
ʮûɵǶԷİûʧ
۾ȺɨţĴϡֺơǶڣ
õĳХĵʮģһ̣Ƿ


432 ʮ
ʮʲô飿ʳ˵һ仰
ȻӼ˵ĿУ֪ʮ׷ʲô顣
ڷʧ󲻾ãɽ磬Ϳʼˡ
Դ֮ĸţͻȻ⵽ԴԴϵĻ޵Ľ
⧲֮£ϵʧأܶŶˣɱЩˣ仯飬ɽչ˽
ؼʱɽҪļɾȴƺһ
֮ɾʧ֮ɾʧ𡢵Ҳͬʱʧ
̫һֵͻϮڣʧء
̫һֵӣһΪǵͳ˧ǵʵƽʱƺ˼
˵ǣںͷɽڵûںǧȡϵ̫֮ûѱĵӣһͬΪɽʱ쵼ߡ
ǧϴΪģɽ֯˷ߣֵסǵĽ
ȻҲһ⣬ǾǶԷɱ֮Լʧһˣʧһˡ
粻ͬǣɽǿǱһ̷˳
еĵͼǨʼúһչսϵµĵӡ
ǧڵ֮׵編аЧ֮󣬷⼸ϵĵӣѸٵĳΪ˵ֵԷĺģȶסɽĵ̡
ı仯Ҳɽҵս֮ɽ繥ռ⼸ͨ
ϧǣͨͨҪˣûһ˻
ڵɽ磬ѾΪһս
ǵĵˣ޾顣
Դܸӣһǻת飬вٵ𼶱ĸ֣ȻɽĸҲ٣ȴ׵
һ֣Щ˻ɵ飬Щ֣ʹ޵Ķ֡
֪ģҲֻЩ
ɽֿԣ˵ȽΪûкõֵֶԷ
ҪǣĴɾһʸϵҲʧɽʿܵصĴ
Щɬҡҡͷ
Ȼӵ֮ȻĴ֮£𵽶ã
ʱŵţҲ˹
һȻǷˡɵţܡ
ŷܵЩӣó˿̵ķѾӵʵ˳ɳٶȣ˾ÿ־壡
˾ÿ־ģɲǷɡ
Դսʼ֮ԭںܶŵ˵Ǿÿܵһľţɡ
Ϊڷʧ֮ɵʵƾ
Ȼսʼ֮ɵʵҲƺܵ˴߻һ㣬ʼӡ
ڱչ֮漣նʬͻƵ˴ܼ
ıҲɵ־ɳǵ֮£Ϊɱ
ɵƣɵĵŽڼߵʱɾܹӳԲѷɫκһŵ
ʮսɽľţûһǧҲа˰٣ȴڲϵ׳
Զܹ˹֣þòˡ
ǴĶģЩеʵ
ȻܼʧȻһʼûдȥȻսʼ֮ϢѾˣǼ㼰ʱչֳ˴۷ʵɳΪɽֿеһӵĻҲʧ
λİ֮£ɱ°ߣ֪λɾ֣ȥ磬Ȼȴ
λŵ棬ʮ˵˳λ۷ŶһĳԾϵ̾Ϣ
ʱֵǷ֮ɾԱ߽һ䡣
΢΢ͷһѾ׼ʱֵܹģҲ޷ǾǼɾѡ
Ȼ֮ɾʱˣǾ֤ʮǰɾǲûܵʲô˺Ȼûг֣ȴҲ֤Ѿˣֻ˵ĳطںս
ܵ˵ͷҲģֲεսڲ岻֣ģֻǱסɽĻҵ̫ܵƻ
һŵڿûָˣôǧͨޣʮԪʥĸ֣ɽռ˵ֻǱˮн
ǿԼˡ
һڵȻɽǱ֧սǧ꣡Ѿ򶼼˷ߣֵǵĽֻҪڲ⣬ɽԴܹԴԴϵṩսֵǵĽ
û˵ûĻֻҪŬһЩսôЩ޷ϵˣʱܹɨеǣһڳŻƽе
ȴҡҡͷλҲΪ緢飬ҾЩԥ
ŶΪ˵Ȥʵصص˷ݣ÷֪֧ɽУǿһ
ɽĹأ֧ӣӦɷ
Ϊʱ򣬶Էò̫죡
ȻңʲôҲĿҺе飡ϾǻʱŻĴ֧˿̴ͨɱĻɽʧӵĲء
Ƿ׷׵ͷȷʵǳеϾҲʮڼǵɱĻɽȻڻᱻȻȴӰ쵽ǵķߡ
˵ɾǣס˶Էĸ֣ǲֻȡһԥһ֮
ⲻɡͨصģֻһỤ̋ȴܹôԪʥûͨͨɽ磬ʮҲвٵĸֽͨɣȴһûлֹжġҡͷ
ĻǾ벻ˡЩźĵ
һ룬ǾȻĳ̶ֳжĸԴȴ᲻ǵĸ߲㣬أ
֪ӦǺá
ҡҡͷҸ˵Ĳ²ѣҪǶԷӦ̫ˡɽ粻ͬԾŻϴΪԿ֣ԼȻĻҲüǣһÿһ飬ͻһأ
Ӧʲôʵ
ߣǿøǣԴ˿ڣϴ̺;Ϊ֯ߣǻɱǵͼ˵ĻᣬʵҲܹǵ󡭡ڵʲôطҪЩ鶼ǣ׼ȷжϡϵĵ
ҵȼش˴ɽʱ쵼㣬˵زԶĵط
Ӹһƣַ档
˵ͷȻԼλŹ˹֡
ɵĵǣڿԽ뱾ŵˡ
΢Ц
ɵĵǼ巢˻
һɵôɵʵڶʱڱضü
ΪŵСǧܹ֮ǰø죡
ʮɵĵӣ˷ܵӿ˷֮ڡ
ܵ棬ϾۿһνԼɵȫƣҲʱܹ顣
һ漣ʱ䣬ѾΪ𼶱ĸ֣ҵȵǻȥˣܿŷԶȥıӰ̾Ϣ
ɽΣ֮ʱܹдӳ֣Σ֮УһʤһڵŸ
ŷ׷׵ͷΪȻ


433 ˮ
Ϊû³
һ·ɽʱ߲ڷȥһʶԼļˡ
֮ǰûע⣬˿̷ȴ֣ԼӣȻɵĴС
Ȼ˿ͼţ֮ǰɵĵӶַȥʦȥѵӣ˿̱ӵеĳ˸߲֮⣬󲿷ֶ½ľиɫʵĵӣȻͳ³ӣҲӦòᵽȥʦġ
Цӣ˲𡣡
ôȤʵ
ش³Ͳ˵ˣ뿪֮ǰѾȥ˽ѧϰ֮󣬽ˮ׼ѾǽҪĵӣǰ߲֪ɱ˶飬Ϊɽҫ۵һء
꣬ͻƵ𾳽硭ЩԼѾǶˣǴӴ۷嵽Ҳʮʱ䣬³츳Ǿ˰
ҲʦܲԭһֱһÿչأҲ֪ܴȻ֮ǰͻȻصҲӵʵͬɽķֵҪ죡
Ļ÷ӵĸоԼͽܣȻûһʡ͵ĵȰ
ԼǴ۷ʱǾ˴۷壬ﵽˮ׼ԼҪü꣬ԼʦģԿ
һ·Уܿ͵ɽʱ߲ľۼ㡣
˴ΪɽҪĺĵشȻǷɭϣǴϵΧʱӰϢð˳εΧм䡣
оΣյϢӰӵ
Ȼһһ£ȻԷһΧǷҲ޷׵롣
ŷոӹ顣
Լݣ໥һۣһȻʧˡ
һ̣Źһƾմϰεضֱ쵽˷Ľ¡
΢΢ȻʧЦЦȻ̤˺š
̤ϺŵʱѸٵĿʼڲ
ⲿĹ𽥵ȥָƽģֻһͨѡ
ǰĹâʧʱǰֵģλˡ
Ҳɽʮ󶥼ϴУʣλţҲȨƵλ
˺ͷ𡢵Լһͬʧ٣Ҳֻбλͳɽ磬ָǵֵǵĽ
ʮǰͻȻʧ٣ž֮ңʮٶȳ֣ȴʲôԭ򣿡
òõ𿪿ˡ
˹֣֮ǰ˵Ļλٶ˵һ顣
ԭˡ֮ɾʧ֮ǰҹңʱҲΪʲôź֣ڿѾܹˡòµı
жϣӦû콫°ȥ磬ûеȥģпܵǣЩ֮ĺ
ߵǿȻȴҲֻǱУкõķ𣿱Ͼֻȥ硣ŷ
²֪ҪôȷģȻֻ֪һ㣬ôŬҲֻܹɽ֮ڵʤ
λĬȻ
ӵǿʵӵǿȨƣмκһˣеĵӣ磬֮⣬ûܹԿǡ
ȻڣȷʵǾԵء
Եĳδ֪ĵطɾĽ
ֻܵȴɽֻܵȴ
ߣ𼶱ΪԿ飬㲻ܱøãҲø
ȷʵˣҡһֿܡ
ʲôܣʵ
ɽߣҲ޷˱ĻҪôʲôȻ
λͬʱ۾һ
磡ѿڶ
ûһǽ磡Էʥ׳ԼһƣĵһΪģֵԷĽñһ𣿡
ûС
ɽŵɱϴ̵Сǧ磬ǵֵŵĵӣоɱֿʲôʧϴ̵ĵӣڽСǧӲʲôʧ
磬ǵķʹʹţûصġʥǸǿҲ޷ס˶񣡵ʱ򣬾ͽѣҲӦˡ
ûȥԮǵķʥֵĻضᱻɱתĻǿ¾ҪѰɽıӻˣֻɽ磬ס鲻չ׳󣡡
ĵʱ򣬺ǵķʥĸɾ֣ܹѹסĻҲûʲôҪŬȥˡ
λһۣҲǳ˾֮ǰû뵽һ㣬Ϊ֪ɽԮĻֻõĳЦ绹û٣
֮ǰʱҪƴĴͨͨϣľԪʥܹ֣߲ΣΪɽûᡣ
Ȼجġ
ԪʥѾʧΪ֮һȻĻܽΪʲôĴɾûг֡
£ʵɽѾûȥ֣Ϊؼսĵطɾսϡ
սԣȴܹҲˮ
ʥʥ
ȻҲɾҪһЩǲô˵ҲɾĴڣ
вǣʥ⿴ɽɾϼ˴ô棬ӵĺʵ
ȻĸѾܵвû¼ֵĻôɽͳΨһĵ·
ϾȻɽжԣȴĴڣֻΪܹøá
أֻҪУȻеνϣ߲εĿռȥ
Ǽȶ֡
ϵ棬ֺɽǴͬһսϣ粻
飬νǶȴҲɽܹģΨһŬ
ܺãȻĻֻܲɽʧھ׼ߣеһǧϴʣΪģ磬ǰֻҪǾˣҪǣǵԱκεʧ
𵱻ϵĵλɽڿԷȥ˰ɣ
λͬʱͷ
࣬Ϊɽһͳһ־ǸΪս
ĵˣɽʵΪսҲ̫⣬ȻĶ֣ûһͳһָӣǲС
ߣϵеȺµܵ˺ΪϴΪķ飬ʹǽĿת硭
ɽսԡ
ʱ෢һһķ˳ȥҵõ˼Ĺִ᳹С
ͥȨһչֳ˾޴á
ɽӴսʼһȫµ˼·С
ǽһһķȥˮ
ģõķ
ҲΨһܹԶսγ֧Ԯķ
ҲкܴʧȻ˭ǵ첻ɽأ
ֻгԵͷ֮ǲŻͬɽĵɡ


434 һж
ɽ翪ʼ֯ת
ǧϴ̺;žһʵķߣֵǵĽʱɽйɼ˶ʼƶɽе򣬳ͨͨƶ
ɽӵڼƵȻ֮ǰսУٵռݣȻʣһ޴Ŀ
ҪôתƵһխĿռȥȻҪķѾ޴
˵ǣɽ粢ȱ
֮ͥ֯£򣬱ɵİһ໥֮䲢ŵСֵǿһµƣΪ˿ֵܳӵľ׼
ϴţɽͬʱڲϵš
ǧϴ̵Ľзӳ˾޴á
µʵɫĵӣųȥ֯תƣʵĵӣǴǵСǧУΪսṩԴԴϵ
ʣľȻ֯ܰУֵַĽַϢ
ǿģҲ𼶱ΪھɱΪĵֵʱǲû̫Σա
ɽߣó˺嫵ǿա
ڲϷ˻ǲҪûʹͬ˻ķɶһ㣬ǰ̣˶ݡ
Ȼɽĸǣͬܵսһ㣬ϵոŶԷȻո̫Ч
ڷÿһ鱻֮Ǿ׳𣬾пΪĴṩһ֮ɽıս
ǲ׷󳹵׵ԷֻҪѶԷɢͺá
ȻֻһֿԣȻɽĸ߲ȴѾʶֿĻɽ罫κεϣ
ɽսܾģֻе档
ؼսĳ֪֮
Ҳɽɾס죬ҲסɽɾȻֻҪ½磬ôһ˿Ŀܻǿ˵ô飬ͲӦȥ
ǲϵĹţϵı˻ˡ
ս֣ƺʼһƽʱڡ
𲽵óǿգеһ֮󣬲һޱȼ̵ķߡ
ǧϴΪǧپΪʱڣɽһ۷ĸֱµľţ˿ȱһ֮󣬷飬ᱻɽ׵Ļɢ
൱ɽ𼶱˳ֵֻסԷĽԷ
ֵûһܵʧһ׶ɽսĿꡣ
ɽס˷ߡ
ֻе𣿡ʷ
Щεĵ˵ͷȷʵֻеȡҲȣҪȥѰĻᡣ
ҪȥҲ̫ΣˣЩԾĵ
áҶˣڵ飬ֻ𼶱ĻͶ뵽սҲ𼶣һˣӮҲܣ̫ΣաЦ
һֱû𼶱֣ĳ̶ֳϣѾ֤Ĳ²ȷġ
üͷЩ𼶱飬ҲһͬںɾԼǶԿֻҪǵǿȻȴɾʤҲ㹻ˡ
ҪĲ²⣬ˡ
ҡҡͷǲ̫ҵĻҲҪȥοϣǿҵʵҲͻƵɾأʱǸã
λŷһһ㡣
ͻƵɾСӰɾ𿴳ʲôˣ
һ£ʮûʹӴ۷ͻƵ𾳽磬ݻԼСǧ磬ڣҲһٶ꣬ʼڣҲһٶ꣬ʹһͨƽ߲е
ⳡսҪã˭Ҳ֪ô˭ܹ϶ս֮ǰɾأ
ȻǼһܵ顣
ڳĴɽĵλߣʵǿʸϵĴڡ
ʸܱϵģĴɾ֮⣬ֻзڵ
ɾʼֻĸˡ
ĸܺ׷ƽڵ֤ĸżɫ˵ɫ츳ɫĴڡ
ǲܳΪĴɾ֮£ɫĸ
Ǹɽʱָӣ߲Ĵڡ
ȻҪʲôʱܹɾ
ûش
Сǧ磬ɴǧ磬̣Ѿˡ
Сǧвϵļµ򣬼µСǧ粻ͣϱճʵı仯ʼеĲ
вģΪɵġ
ӵͼ߼ݻҪҪڼƵ
ӡޡСҪȵͼ߼ݻʱʱ䡣
Ѿһ㣬Ȼȴ޷Ϊɾ
ɾ𣬲û̫ĲֻͬӵԼĴǧ硣
ȻʵϵĲȴ޷ݵĲ
ĴΪҲǧʱˣȴɿΪɾϣ

ģȻһ£ǱҲʼûоͷ
ûⷽʲôȴܹʱ䣬һЩ
Ļ𡢷𣬾˼
ӵеʮȥǡɽÿһҪеϵԴڲϵµˣڣĲϣõ򣬻õóġ
𿶿ĵҴΪ𣬻ѵĲںóʮϵ㣬㾡ͻƵļ𡣡
顣𵭵ĵ
һۣͬʱ顣
ȴ΢Цžܾǵĺ⡣
ˣλ𡣡
ǵɵʮҲΪԼܹԼСǧ硭ڵȴûϵģΪһֱģɽͬ
΢ЦչԼܹת硢硢ʥص㣬λһֱԵúܵͬʱ󾪡
ԭϥţӺݻ
˿ȴˤ˵ϣǱ
⡭⣬ô£һ͡
дӻ֮ݻֻҪ֪ԭҾѧ
΢ЦҪģɽҲ򣬶ԼȥѰģȫµĴδ֪ǿв򡣡
Ǹ̥
Ĭһ֮
ǰǸ̥ҪʵֻܿԼɽ硣
Ҳ̾Ϣ˵򵥣һ·˭֪
ɽڻŵסʲôǾȥɰɡ
ЩĵϣܹӵɾʵھԵսϣá
һġ
˵ͷ뷨ҲҲ֪ˣҲҪƬѰҸص뷨
ǣ飬ҪԼȥŬģˣһȥ
Ŀûкûֶ֣֮С
ظ仰֮ǿʧȡѵĻᣬ᲻ȡҲ
ΪȡԷС
ΪУҪԿ
ÿ˶Լѡ񣬲ΪĳźԶĿ꣬Ҫ˵档
һߣ֮гͻʱǾҪȽˣһȥѰԼ
ĻǶλ˵ҲڶԼ˵ڶԼСǧʮ˵
ȥǾȥ
һɵĵͼӴ˵
ܿ죬Ļɵӵ
ǾһȥɡСǧ֮ǰһᱣǡڿһжˣˡ


435 뷨
뿪ɽĺλá
ʼ
ʮɵ򣬴˿ѾȫСǧСǧ磬׳һ֡
𾳽磬Сǧ޾ģȻʲĻٶҲܱ
ɽй򣬴򱻱ܹϵ𣬷ĻҲֲ롣
ٵǣɽЩ򣬸Ͷû̫ô
Ϊò˵
ЩԼ̫ˡ
ҪȥҪ׳Լ
ͬʱȡȡϵĶ㣬Ҳⳡս
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λԪϣƷͻƵ۷壬ΪҲûжĲࡣ
Ǽ㣬ֻڴ۷ľ粻ϵĻۣ𣬻źңԶľ롣
ǿʼɽԵĵطС
ûм뿪ɽ磬ɽڵķߣתһȦ
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һ꣬ɽ֮⣬ӿݻǰһ顣
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ǲûзַ
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δռвϵŲƣȻķȴ
ҪϸĹ۲һǽķʽȷԼжϡ
ԭɽΧ޾
ʱ򿴵һЩû֪ûʶҲֻѭһּ򵥵ָʾϵĳɽķߡ

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Ϊʲô֣ֻ֪ܽΪֹ⡣
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С쵰ˡ̫һطһطҹȥɣܹҵˣǾ͸ˡ
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ڣ˺ܸ˵ķеĳΪɽѾûռЩµˡ
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Ҳĸ֣飬ʥʹ
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˵ͷȻǳ֮ǰĹزĹأôʮɽʧȻҲҪ֮ǰĹؽֲ
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Ŀɿڴλ֣ЦѾռݵȻû³ĵأʱ²ɽģһֱŪôΪֹʱǰƽʱĹ䣡
ĵ֮ǰɽóģֲģʹŭƾʲôҪռ˶ʮǧٸ֮ŰǰĹ
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Ҫǣˣֻһ𣿻ɽĴ
˵ɽѾҪȶסԼף
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֮ǰܹµҪɽûпչЩµʱռЩˣɽѾڳĻôսԣҪ¿ˡ
ĸû˵ʲôѡ˿
Է˿չֳʸ̸еġ
Ĵߣ΢΢ЦЦ
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粢ɽ˿̵ľƣȻɽĶɣʱ䣬ȻܹռΪԼͻƣõĻ
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һǳɷ
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һʹﵽԪʥļ
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ѾһҪһøһЩ


437 ֮ͬ޵
еʥĸ֣԰ռδ֪ǿյĳڡ
һһٿʮһǧţһ죬һš
ܼ򵥵֡
Ļ֮Χŵ򣬲ϵ뷽ƣϵ뷽Сǧ硣
СǧԽԽǿ
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ڻۣ۵ܹͻƵľ磬ȻҪʼԼѰҡ
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ķӦƺ죬ԴӷĲ֮кܳһʱ䣬ûĸǰ
յʱ䣬תۼ
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жңԵһ֡
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Բûг֡
ֵķӦڷļ֮ڡ
ʱ֣жгԾɫ
û뵽ھȻѾԽǣ
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类ɽѹ꣬ףڶϣûɽôơ
һֱ綼Ŭźܳʱ׼
ҪⷽıƣҪԼǿ
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صǹͬӵеġ
ص㣬ǿĸԴҲǴ˿ǰ
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ķӣתǿʱ򣬾ӵǰǱֻҪʱ䣬Ǿܹﵽޡ
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ɽ֮ҵǺܾûܹԽսˣϾɽÿһ֮ʵ࣬ʵ̫ˣأ֮ͬ޵Уҵаյġ
˵һӡΪľŵ⻪御ǡ
ڳԼսơ
սǾɡ֮ռʮ꣬£˭ˣ޷ֹң
̧ͷŷ
ȻӺݵ¶һǳɫ
Ϊʲô
ǵģΪʲô
Ȼδ֪ǿڴҪҪԴȻϾֻռʮѡ
ʮ꣬ʮ˵ǺܶģȻôĻ۱ȷʵ΢
ᣬ˵Ϊʮ򣬲˵Ϊӡ
ȴڳһޱȹģҲҪʮŪԼС
һܻ飬һ˵ʮ򣬾ǧƺҲʲô
ÿ춼ȴÿǧܳһġ
Ϊʲô
һ䣬ȻɽںΣաΣյĲɽ磬ڸ߲εĶԿСǸˣɽ綼ҪҲɽôҾҪԼܹ뵽ֶԿеĵزȥЩҼġ
˭赲ңǺҹȥ
˭ҹȥҾҪ˭ƴ
ϾϵҪж
ǻǾɣҲһȥ
ʼвǰˣʼв硣
Ĭ
·Ĭ
ƢжҲʼĬ
ɽҪƴҲֻѡá
ȻҪƴֻǷܹоóһһ˵ͻġ
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ȻΪɽûôΣգֻΣ
ڷȷʵһּ˵ĸо
Ҫסֻʮꡣж
ǵǲᱻһֱϵġ·
ֻҪʮ꣬һ첻࣬һ첻١
ָЦӣ˿ЦݿȴôĿɶ
һҪһǡǴɽ磬ʼתͷȥǵĻǧǧҪǵȥ׵ǡǴɢͺãǵĻһĴڣͻǿһ֡Ҳ֪ڣǺԵǣЩûʶļһÿɽķߣ
·жȴûж˵ʲôǼתȥ
֪ýȥԼĻϾԼ˵ĻЩ˼
״Ҳˣûɽء
𼶱ĸ֣ܹصĵطҲ޵ġ
ɽ˷ߣ˽һɽǿգһӵǧǧٴţܹĽɽס
أûסԼĽҲûô𼶱ĸ֡
ҪĻҲֻܹԼص㣬ȥ׵飬Լѹ
Ļܹ㹻
ܹһ㣬ȴЩ
ŻôеҪԼʵ
ֻнʵһޣпڽʱøʤ㣡
ϧ̫ˣҲ֪ҪܹͻƵ𾳽硭
·ʧ֮󣬷һᣬȻЦ
ȻԼٶԶ֮ϣǶڵľ˵ȴһЩ
Ҳ֪ɾֶ֧ãҲ֪ҪãŻᷴȥ硣
ʱ䡭


439 
ɽ磬ƽʱʱûʲô塣
ʵսʱʱ䣬Ҳ̫塣
ɽĹʶǣⳡսʤһ߲εĵطġ
ɾԼɽɫļλ֮ս
ڴѾԼµˣɽĵˣ̫ڵѲ˹ϵ
̫ڵôλɽλͬʱʧ
ϾĴɾʧˣλҲʧˣ棬̫ڵλλڡ
ڱչ֮ʧ彣Ҳʧˣλ𣬸֪ԼʦȥĶ
֮ǰ¶ȻҲܿʧˡ
Եģܾͻ̫ڵĵˡ
ûֱ˵˵ȻȴѾںܴĳ̶ϣӰɽת
̫ڵȨڲ֪бᡣ
Щ̫ڵĵǣʼеãȻ衣
еĸҵĵӣѡͬھ֮ǰսУʧǧţһ̫ڵɡ
Ϊ֤ԼɽҳϣȻѡѵսսˣͬھ
Ϊ˱ļԼɽһӡ
ԴҲ룬̫ǲǲûгʲô⣬̫ɾɽĶͷҲǱĳаסˣҪɽʲô
Ͼ̫һֱΪɽһڣ̫ɾһֱɽһ˵ĵλûбҪΪԼ棬ȥɽΪᡣ
ôǳս壬ɾǣһʵ
ּĽҲڶʱڷֳʤ
˵ڴҶڽУȴı仯Ӱ쵽֮սı仯
δ֪ǿ⣬ոһյȡ
һƣʵͻ׳һ֣ľ磬ϵǰ
ǺȻ顣
ɽӵгΪʵõŴ
ȻĻɽҲڶ̶֮ڣӵô
һݿֲ
Ȼֻʮ󶥼ϴ̵ĽɽǿȻȻûƥȨȴͬʵ
ɽÿôȥĶ
ó³ɾס֮⣬󲿷֣ó;
ͳ³ҲڲǰͻƵľ硣
ΪΪɽ˼Ĺ͡
ΪǱ
ɽȡá
֪֮Уӣ˿Ѿӵ˼ߵĵλ
룬Ϊ˲̫ڵĵеϣ
о棬̫ڣΪĴڡ
֮ǰڵϣҲûзô
³ǳΪ˽ĺ֮㡣
ڳʵսʱ³˶֪նɱ˶ٵ飬Ļ󣬵ɽķ³չֳãҪԵøҫۡ
𣬳Ƿͳ³˿̵ĳƺš
һǵֵסĳɽ籾û̫ܵ𺦡
ϧǣû
ͳ³Ҫĵɽܹṩ
ɽҲԸṩȴԷûôֻԼȥŬ
ǲƽ̾Ϣһ
ʱȥ꣬ոһյּ򵥵ĶҲ÷еһ˿ζ
ȻÿʵڽѾ޵Ľӽȴ÷ܵ˽ǡ
ϾʱȥԽãȷؾԽࡣ
Ҳ֪ǳսãȻȴо˲
Լ
ɵĵӶСǧСǧ׳һ֣ǵʵͻһ֡
еο顣
ʱСǧͷ죬ԼķһЩ
ϾѾ޽ӽľ磬ҪСǧһֱš
ǵɽһ߻ʧܣʡ
ҲǣҾǻ֧źܾãҵĵķӦ
ҡҡͷҲ˶ãǾͻ緢磬ҲչǿӲĶԿȻĶԿȴֻ׳ˡ
ʥǴˡ
˼ԣҪҪСλڡ
ǲԽľãɾǱȻͬһģȴһΡ
ĻìܣͬһλһΣ
¶֮ɫҲǵķӦǸˣѾȫ㵽ˣķӦʱ򣬾ʱ򡣡
̧ͷ˿죬Ĳ档
ܴ󣬾Ǵʼ粻ͣıֻҪδ֪ǿϵӣҲܹõ
ʲô壿ĵ
ǰźҪǻţǼ򵥵ĻŶѡ̾ϢҪŬȥ
һУĻ֣ôĿģʲôüһ䡣
˵ˣΪ˳ѡ
̾Ϣﵽļ޵ʱҪ뿪֮龰Ȿûдġ
ұɣҲΪĿꡣ˵ͷ
ǰԽҪĶҲԽɾǿҪ뿪磬ءش
Ϊʲôȥʡ
Ҳ֪ҲΪҲΪ̫ǿ󣬾۷壬Ҳֻܹ粢УȴԶ޷֮ϡ̯̯֡
˼ĵһ˾úܾ
Ц֮£ɳʲôҶ
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ҡҡͷҲ˵ͨ
죺Ϊʲô
͵֮ǰ˵ɾҲ޵ģɾǼȻѾﵽε۷壬ôҪǿһ˿һҲˣôЩ鳹֮ҲǼĳ˵ϡ
Ǻܶһ֣Ȼ
ҲȻϾȥôĴɾ֮ĸôãǷǣڳջǰҲ³ɼ֣ȫҪֶΡҡͷ
Ҿ벻ͨˡ̾Ϣ
ǰҲ벻ͨҵġͷ̧һơ
㻹Ҫòܹļ𣿡ʡ
Ҳ֪
ΣѾʮѾ͵һޣ𾳽磬ȴƺңңڡ
Ի֮ݻе棬ȴҲǧ򱶰
𾳽磬ֻҪ㹻Դ㹻ôҪѡ
ɽ𣬼ǧΪ֮Ȼڼ̵ʱ֮ڣ㹻򣬱𣬳ΪɽҪ
Ƿȴֻʵʵһһ
ŷŵ̲סЦ
ʱͻƣǱҪ࣬һϳһЩҲЦ
Ҳƫƫʱ򰡡Ǹ쵰ʱΪʲôһʱ䣿ģӵɾһҪǸ쵰һͷһĺ
ջջȴûİ취
ΪֻĵȴţϣΪ֮ǰƣҪ̫ı仯
ĻԸ
鱳ʹߣضһǿĴڡ
ڿ÷ȥ磬ҲǶԷһֲ߻ġ
Ͼֻзܹ顣
Ҳûǹֵ֧ĻǸˣ˿Ѿˡ˭˵أ
Һָо˵һ䡣


440 
ŬɽҲŬ
ɵϼ⣬ڷ֮ɾӿ˳ΧƳһ̵Բ򣬰סһź
һƬ֪֮ء
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ΪƬطɾܹﵽĵط
ǰ׳֮ɾͬһɽһ㣬ŷ֮ɾ
źˡ
𡢵

һ壬ڿֵźϮ
Ǵˡ
𷢳һ̾Ϣˣǵʦ
ɫҵȻͷųĹâȴֵס˺Ϯŷˡ
ϵϣ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ҳǡ
Ц˭֪Ȼأ
ڲϵĵƵ
ŷ֮ɾͷųĹĻ֮ɾͷųεĵֵ
ھ֪ȥĶˡ
Ц
Ҳ֪ţôϢ
һ
һûб
ڰģ˭˵Ҳǵʦ
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ˡ
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ˡ
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ȻҲȷˣΪɽص㣬ԸЩԵ鷳һЩ
οɽǻǽͻȻ֮ʹΧ˹Ȼӵڲһֱ齨ߣŵֵסǵĽ
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㹻׼פطߵĶǾǿȻɵľ͵ס˶ԷĽ
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ó˽ӽһĵ̣Ȼ齨˼ʵķߣ𼶱ĸΪģõͼֲҪ
Ȼľ棬˵Ǻܴʧ
ǱϾɽԺܺõıõͼĸ֡
ȥĻǵԽԽ򽫻ԽԽǿ
ɽֲͬ
ɽֻΪ˳һ˵Ƕס׳
֣Ҫ硣
ھʥӼĸҲʼһЩʧˣе˾š
پ޴Σ
Σ֮£ǻʲôѡ˭Ҳ֪
Ű磬ʱ
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ѲûãȻѣȴ˺ܴʼվ岻޷Եѡ
½Ļң֮ɾ֮ɾͬʱ̾һ
еֳˣ޵ĵ⡣
˵綼һȺôǾǻжʤĻ᣿
ֻҪǻţͻлᡣ֮ɾȻش
ûлᡭκεľٴ룬ʲôãյĽһģһ֡䵭ĵ
֮ɾ֮ɾûٻشĻ


441 ʱ̼
ҲΪԵģһ֡
ȷʵ⡣
֮ǰɽǵĳʱһԿ֣ΪΪɽصŻôǱǼǿ֮Щ飬̫ܶ⡣
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ĸ֣ȴͬһĲ
ǿĴڣҲǻ
ǿĴڣǵͷԿޱȾܵļһУǵĳֿԿƵò˷һ˿һǱҪȥƵġ
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֪Ƿ׼
ʱ̼
ܵΪĽ磬һЩԪǡ
һ֮󣬷һӣȻɽڴ


442 ʧ
Ǵδ֪սϣ֮ɾ֮ɾ½ı仯ĬȻ
ǰŵźʼӵĻ
ǣʧˡ
ޱϵں𣺡磬ʼ޴硣
޷ӵгԽɾġ
֮ɾɫĵ
޷ӵгԽɾЩΪáͬ˷֮ɾĻ
ô޷ҲɾֻҪҺڣʲô취֮ɾǰһ׳ĺ
ҲӦ֪Ըģ硣Ц
ԪʥѾ㸯ʴˣһ֪
֮ɾüźǻֻˡ
Ҫ㻰Ĵ󡭡ԪʥûбҸʴҲܸʴĴڡһΰĴڡ
ϵķ˷֮ɾĻ
ȴںһ𣬶Կǡ
֮ɾ䵽˺м䣬һɫͬ䶯ɢǿ
˵ΰ󡣡
˵ͳЦ֪ҵʱ׼ʲô𣿡
˵Ϳ˵֮ɾ
﷢ƺҲĽȥΪܹǲеĴڣӵ޾һֱȥչ磬취ڵ磬õٴεĳѡ
еٴγ֣ŷ֮ɾչһ飬ġ
õٴεĳ飬ġ
֮ɾĬ
ǰѾ˵ļһ֮ɾõĻ飬ǵ뷨һʱһµģǾɽΪǿĴڣˣΪʥ𲢼ǿĴڡ
һ㡣
ɽɾ֣˵ĵλʼ
ָϸɽϵ֤ɽĳɫתѹס磬磬ӭ˵硣
֮˵Ŀ꣬ʼͬˡ
֮ɾĿ꣬Ǽػɽ磬ػࡣ
ȫɾ̫ɾͽ֮ɾҪѰɡ
ִڵĶħ
ȫɾǵһģΪš
ΪţиĿҪԽԽ硣
ִɽΰȫɾ䡣
ļƻ̫֮ɾͽ֮ɾҲͬ䡣
ִļ壬ΪĻס
Ҳ˷֮ɾ֮ɾҪԿĴڡ
ھԪʥһɾ𾴺ͳݵˡ
һû˽Ĵڣɾ͵λȻŬ츳ãһʼȴҲ;ԪʥİѲ˹ϵ
һʼӻ˻Сɽ磬ɽѹ֮£𽥵׳ϯ磬춨ɽҵ
Ҳ֮ǰ֮ɾ֮ɾ벻׵顣
ִȷѣ̫ɾƭȻǰȥϮˣ֮ɾԿ
֮ɾǰȥԮȴ˾Ԫʥ赲
ĸɾĸ֣˽֡
ȻԪʥ˿Ҳһź֮ɾ֮ɾҲܹǾǾԪʥ
벻׵һǣΪʲôԪʥҲΪִİס
ʥпܳΪִİףɾִִ顣
ǾԪʥԲ飡
Ϊ̫ΰˡ
˵ͳЦһμʱѾ˹ؼʱ̡
ҪΪͬס磬Զѷʱ򣡡
Ƕ֪ҪסһһֱܹͱԴԴϵµ룬ɽ֮ķԴ
޲ϲΪǿҲҪȥµΪ޲ٲԼΪĺƽ֤
˵ǲǺ޴
ִĻ֮ɾ˳Ĭ˺һŵֵ𾴡
Ȼֵ𾴣Ǿֵ𾴣ȴ޴ִ鲻ĵ
֮ɾҲĬȻˣҲþԪʥ޴
ԣֹ޴
ִ鷢˼ХҪɹʱ򣬾ʱ򡭡ҿסΪľûʲôֿģǾѾΪҵһ֣ÿпܷӳһɾ
ܡܹӵʮɾͻˡ֮ɾЦ
Էӳܹӳ¡
ִĽͣǷȱֻǸСһɱô飬ѾܹӳɾˣԲܹסǣڡ
翪ʼˡ֮ɾޱĵ
ǵġǶôӴĴЩһҵͻһ֣ҵļ㣬ȵ罫Щȫʱ򡭡ɾ֮ҵ֣
֮ɾŭһ֣͵ĳźȥ
Ĵӵǿ
Ȼǿȥ֮ȴͬţ뺣һ㡣
ִЦ
Ȼ˵ҲǺҪġ
ʥУֻҪ˵ãôǵãҲ͵ͷˡ
˵Ļ㽫ûκεĻᡣ֮ɾȻ
ƭԼˣǲĸһĸСĴڣǰԼñ컹ǲǱסԼ
ִ鿪ʼǿ½翪ʼһ˿˿Ľڡ
֪Ϊʲôһᱻסֻܹǵںһ𣬲ֿ
֮ɾ¶˲ȻЦݣȻʲô㵽ˡ
ȫܵļ㣬̫ϵ侲ľȻѣǣҲԩ
֮ɾתͷ֮ɾЦ
֮ɾûʲô顣
ҲǻӵϾδ֪ǿպֻܴҪסԼǾͻϣ
֮ɾ˵֮ɾҡҡͷӲˣסͬҲסˣϧȷʵӦðϣĸϵģĲ
֮ɾϣðǿҵ
˳ź˹ȥ
Ҫʲô֮ɾʧ
٣Ҫѷ˾ȳ
֮ɾͷҲصĵң
֮ɾ˲˼
ȻѾӲˣ÷𡢵ߣڵ
ˣĴɽɾǶˣȴܹ
Ҳڽĳʱ򣬸ɣµ
һ֮󣬷֮ɾЩ
˼ܣȴû֮ɾ˿ֱӡ
£Ļ֮ӷ֮ɾð˳ź
Ȼִ˿ѾɾҪö࣬Ȼƴ£Ҳʱһ¡
Ҫǣɾȫɾʱ̣
һɾҲ
˫ԿִԽԽǿǵ󱻴յһȫߡ
ǵܰѴ
Ȼ·ȴǡ
ıյһΪɽѰһ˿
ɱǴ֮Ѱһ˿ɾϣжôã
ķȼźź
ֵҲͬʱ
ڣͬ«һĴӺй˳ȻԪˣȴʱ˺Ŀƣ
ʱ򣬷֮ɾ֮ɾȴѾݽߡ
һǿѾע˺֮С
Ѿͨˡ
ȻӴִҪҪһʱ䡣
ѵûᡣ


443 
ߣ֮ɾһ
˷֮ɾ֮ɾͷǾҪߡ
ȻƺҲûʲôãҪ飬Ҫġ
ƿռϣص˼ȻѣȻλɾָ֮£ǻõġ
ʱһźˣǵǰ
ʦ֮ǰλ
ŰϴŽЦݣΪִʵʱʵҲһޡ
Ȼûдﵽɾˮ׼ȴѾԶ
ڵỤֵܹ̋ġ
һۡ
ϸֳ˾Ȼɫ
粻˱ԼҲᵽڵĵز˸ʱ̣λ̫ڣչһ
Է֮ɾ˵һ䣬ȻͬʱŰ̡
𡢵ʼɾ
ȻԼͷ˳
½磬ܹݻ硣
ս֮ڣҲɼ𵴡
ҵıըŰǱķ˺Զ
ϣȴ˷Ц
ԱıըȻ˼صˣȻǹǿȴһһڽ壡
ʦľѧȻǿģ
Ű̷ĴЦλʦ֣ǵҳɾɾ֮½磬ҵ㣬һ㣬һϴ֮ǰ裡
ս½磬ɾǿ׾ܹﵽĵط
ȻɾȫѾִա
ǵҪ˺ͨǷǳѵ顣
Ȼ֮ɾ֮ɾȥڣܹܺõָǣҲɽϵˣԼһЩֶΣҲ˺ܳʱ䣬½硣
½ɽ磬ɽؼĵط
ΪڵֵǵĽɽ練ǰȫġ
ڿޱƣͬͨ˵λɾʱɽĸ߲㣬
лص
ɾû֮ɾҲûȻûͻϣ
֮ɾƽ
һֱĴɾе̫ɾͽ֮ɾչأɽֵģǷ֮ɾ֮ɾ
ǵȨӹɵģȻѾûĻȴɽĸ߲Ƕ
Ҫʼ׼ˣˣһͬߡ
Ȼ֮ɾ
ʱѾ׼ˡ
ͬشʮ󶥼ϴǧϴΪеɣѾǵСǧ硣
ЩƽǺӵеһ𣬽硭ڻȶǺƽǣֻҪͨգôϣǰȫġ𲹳һ䡣
֮ɾЩĿһۣ˭⣿
⻰ǿĸֻ飬ȷʵ
ġ
ĵ֮ǰҾˣΪսƽҪԴʱʼƽǾͲϵĽ磬ܹûк֮ǡ
֮ɾŷο
ƺԼǸ˼ޱܵѡ
Ǿɡ֮ɾĴɽеսʿͳ죬ȥδ֪ǿգΪ鲻Źǡ
ǻһս֮˰һʮܣɽӵǿᶨĵ
˿۲Ľڵӣ֮ɾЦ
սܲġǶһɽԪܱһݡûл̫ҲϾУȥδ֪ǿУչɾʵٻɡ
֮ɾȻ
ȻѾʧȥȴ㹻Ȩ
ǳĬȻ׷׶λɾϹȻʼ뿪
Ǽδ֪ǿգһƬµأɽĴУȥ
һֱߵøɸɾ𡢵ͬʱ֡
ȼԼȫסͨͨ
Ҫζ𣿡Ц
վԪʥٵܹͨ顣
ȼԼȫһ㡣
ڷߵģպյɾֻûκ˶ѡ
Ȼǵ屻ô꣬ʧȥеҲܹõȻڽʱȴѾκεá
㣬ܿ˭أ
֮ɾ΢ЦǰķȻ˿վŵķ³еЦŨ
֮ɾҿƺҲʲôȻҲʼЦ
ҽззͳ³ҵͽܡǿ
û˷һ㣬ֻҲòϣɽ磬ΨһпܴﵽɾĴڣҲϣ֮ɾ΢Ц
ðɣҲòĻеҪΪɾһͷûУͽǣͷ𣿡
תͷʡ
Цҡͷ³ƽҡͷ
ǿǺѵһ¡ͷԷ֮ɾ
ѣҲ顭ˣϼһںˣܴܲĴǧ磬ǽȥЪϢһ֮ɾ
ǰüëӶ˵ϼһ̾һ
Ȼǧ磬˷֮ɾǵǰ
߿ڴǧ벿λһµ͡
ơ
ֲͬص磬һȫµ硣
ǿգƵ̺˲𰡣˲𡣡
֮ɾ̾һȻ֮ɾ𡢵һ𣬽˷Ĵǧ֮С
ϵ壬ڽǧ֮󣬾Ϳʼ𲽵İ롣
գֻΪһԪͶϣһ̣ͽģǱ
٣ҲῪʼ𽥵ĸࡣ
ֻҪЩôһ˿Դ֮סڵһԪȻ󣬵ȴٴδͷʼ
λ˽ʣµϣȫ˷ϡ
ΪѾ֣ʱ֣ʹΡ
ǵģҲ˵ʹһ£һôᣬΪʲôҪôصΰ
̾ϢһȻתͷԼӡ
ɵӣڶڷĴǧ
Ͼڵ𼶱Ķʲôãͱ˵ˡ
Ҳֻг³ͷ룬Ѿﵽ𼶱Ĵڣܹͷһͬս
ȥսĻûһ˿ʤ³ĵ
üͷȻڵӦѾԽλȻɾȴиĲࡣ
ֻɾ𣬲ܹյսáʦҪˣҪȥѰҵĽ³ֱͦͬһǹ
Ҳ뿪ˡûɾ޷κεã̫ʽ΢ҲҪ֪̫ڣٻһٴӡĻᣬȴޱȵļᶨ
ԼͽܣЦ
ûʵϴӺܾǰʼѾ̵ܽˡҲܵǵʦԺ󣬻ƽ۽ɡЦ
ʦʦһ㣬ɲܱ䡣ᶨĵ
³ͬĵ˵ͷȻתһǲԸΪʦ֡
νʼ
Ҫ뿪ûʲô˵Ҫǵľǣʲô£ҪǡԼĵ
ͳ³ͬʱͷ
ͬʱԷһת뿪
뻯Ϊһ⣬ʧС
³ΪһĽʧǿС
һֱʧ֮󣬷һ
Ѿһɽ磬֮ܿУʧ


444 ǰδе
˶뿪ˡ
ɾ𣬴˿ѾΪΪԴһǱڷĴǧ
Ϊֻǰȫģڷ֮ǰǰȫġ
ҷСǧеϲģԴ
³ͷҲ뿪ˣҪȥǿԼʵԿִ顣
ڻŷģֻʣ˴ǧɵǡ
ΪҲŲįֹһ
Ժ𣺡ȥ
Ҫȥһ硭룬Ҫ籣һЩԪɣȻ磬ϣı䣬𣬱ϾҲһӡ
ش˼仰֮󣬷廯ΪһƬޡ
һ̣˷ķΧڡ
飬ڳŷ߲ϵĳ
÷飬Ϊ֮衣
ǲ֪ǣһУѾעˣ磬ע
ڷţȴûбκ˿
ܿģڷҵǸ㡣
۾ųԼǰķ
ʵܲǲĵ
¶һ˿Ц
ȷʵңûʱˡ
ɣҵĴǧ磬ֻҪ㻹ڣµķ磬ܹ
յ˵ͷȻˣΪһ⣬˷Ĵǧ
ǧĸǣĸ
ҫŷϣֵ¶ЦݣȻ˵ڵϣʼ붨
˷һۣ뿪
ĸǣѾʼˡ
һеƽ񣬽ֻǽԼĽռȻͷųķųǣ˿˻˵ͨƽ
ԷֻǴա
һ˿Ԫͺãпγµķ硣
磬˾ͻ˰ɡ
һ̣ʥ磬ͬǲ鷢ֵķʽ
һ㣬Ҳһ㡣
췭ظȴһͨڣյĿ档
ߵʱ򣬸԰׵ϣ¶һ˿΢Ц
ˣȻĺͷк
˵ͷ
ˣ߰ɣʥ硭ҲὨһµ硣
˵ͷǰˣʥ粻ܹ½ģܽģֻһѪΪ硭ǲҪĶֻҪΪ֮أȻѪūΪǲϵṩѪҺˡʥʲôģȥɡ
ЦȻѸԼĴǧ֮УĴ˿ΪһѪ⣬ǿųʥڲ
ȻҪµ磬ʥҲǻ
ֹһȻԼ򣬿ʼε˯ߡ
ţ硣
ڰƥ˹ɽ£˸ҡ
̼飬ͺһߡҡԴ
ٳپˡҲ֪Щһʲôʱѵ
ҰһԼͣЩĿ˿ƥ˹ɽӿǣȻҲһͷ˷ĴǧǿųһɽȻʼ˯
ץץͷ
չأɥĲҲȥǵ鷳ϾûʲôвġиҺգҲǱһЩԪҲ԰ĵȥˡ
磬ضܵ޴Ķ
һӲ
绹ԥʱɽѾ׼
Ϊǵɾ¸ҵ
Բŵһʱ˽Ҫ飬Ƶİš
δ֪ǿյڴ
֪ٲ뿪Ҳˡ
ȻʱС쵰ĴǧʼƴĽ
һ㶡
ˣѾˣһֻޣһδ֪ǿУпģҪߣ֪𣿡С쵰ȥһʶ
Ѿʼ𽥵ıӴС쵰ȴʼҡͷ
ЦܵС쵰ļᶨ
ðɣҲδҵõҡ
С쵰ȥһС쵰ʼ
ʱ磬ʼܵ𵴡
һޱǿʼɢ
𵴣ʼܵв
ʧˣδռɫĸǹ
ɾֵ֮һγ֡
л˷ɻҡ
ĸ֣ȴһϲõɫûУȻԵѾһˡ

æĳλЪϢĵã׼һЩʲô
Ȼһ̣Ϳ˿տյĵá
סȻϳһЦЦƿ޷ǿ޵ı顣
ǾȻˡˡ·ˣ
޵ôض㣬Լ
δ֪ǿյڴ
һ棬һ档
ޱ飬ȴı
̤δ֪ǿգͲˡ
ǺɽһɽϣһӣҲûз
ȻԷҲûиĻᡣ
޾ĺδ֪ǿյڴð˳
ܿľ۳ź
һź¶
һУһӺݻһ˫
һź˾ɢǿ
ɾ֮һ̣ٴεĳ䡣
ɫˡ
㡭㲻ǸողЩ𣿡
ָе
Ҫ֣ǲҶҳֶ㵽ˣ㲻ǻ𣿡еĵ
أҲڣҲҲûгĻᣡǿ򶨵ĵ
ǣûʸ񡣡
˫ˣ˵ǲǣʥ
ֳâһʥʥҲͬʱֳԼΡ
ĸˡ
ǿ㼯ɾԪʥܹ֮չֳɾҲûʲôѹԵơ
Ӻݻϳ˲мһ˵ı飺һʼܻ谭ңֻɾǿҲѣֻҵʳϡ
ĸһҸ˵鰡
ͬʱ˴ЦǾʼɢʥΧм䡣
ΪǺΰܲ࣬ȴޱ޴ģͲ֪ǵΰǽĻϡ׼磬ԶԶӿʱǾҲ޷вǵΪҵ֣
һ仰֮ͬʱ顣
ĺסеˡ
ɫķ⣬һɫ⣬һɫʥ𣬵źϮ
Ȼȴڲϵ׳󣬲ϵûЩ
ʥ˲뾪ֵĽȻǵĽԵôá
ĺİסǣǵȫֲԼη
ǴĸͻƣǶֻܿĺ
ȻǿܹʱסǵȻںĸʴ֮£ǵȷʵһһʧ
Ϊǿо磬ȴѾ꣬δսˡ
֮ǰ죬ȷʵһǴս߳ţȻ֮ǰɽȺǣǵţܵصĴ
ڣûս
Ҳ֮ǰǻѡܣǺɽ粢սԭ
ڣ֡
ǵһһţŵԽ࣬ŵԽ졣
Źâȥ֮ʷߵ˾ͷ
ȫµʷʼ
ִ飬վ֮䣬ܵ
ԪʥΪ˾Ŵ飬Ĭվɢƣͬɾ
ǰδе


445 ʱ
ִ۳Լʵ塣
һ֣һţ磬ս
ŴĬĸͷųѹȴǰδС
Ĭˡ
ĴԼѾ·ߡ
ǵ֧ǣˡ
Ψһ죬·ж
ִ鲢ûǣŴҲûǣֱʧ˿С
ҲûܹвĴڡ
ɽɾȫԪʥת飬ʥѾΪ֣þŴ鳹׵ĳ͡
ûԼĿ꣬Ǿǳ硣
֮ǰһУΪռĿġ
ѾһܹвҪҵ;Ŵһͬķ
Ҫȥһصĵطȥ飬ǽ½ɾŰ̡
Ű̿ǰĲбܽг˿⡣
ôתڣﵽԼ۷塣
һ֮£֮ϡ
ǵһһͶĻᡭΪҵūһǽӽɾһͳޱӴ硣
Ű̸߰Ŀ·жԼ
Ĭһ֮·жŰ̵ǰչֳԼĳ
Ű̴ЦŴЦϣðޱŨĺ
ס·жǵڣ˻ӡǡ
ֻҪŰһ˾ͻ
һ֮ŰЦ
ĺӿ
ʣĸ֣ͬʱ˲ҽ
ǷĹŷӣʥʥʥ飬˲ҽС
ĺǰǵĨɱ
ǵʧȥ֮˺
ЩʼԴԴϵĽ·жڣǵʵڲϵš
ǵص㣬Ҳڲϵĸı䡣
ĸȫȥʱ·жҲӵ޽ӽɾ
˶ˣͳνײȫٵĸˣβͳô磿·ʵ
齨Ϊۣʴۣµĳƺţͳһ顣
֮£Ϊҵ־·ƺڰ£жƲһѾ
Ű̺ܿͰ˵ְλµǻǲ׺ڰǿ󡣡
Ļ˻֣ޱ޼ʵ
Щҵֱͥӡȫҵɣҵּ⣬ܵõõִС
΢ЦſˣҲͬӵͳλˣֻˡ
·жͬʱ¶΢Цȷʵˣص㣬Ϊ̵ͳνײ㡣
硭һһɵģԼȥˣֻҪǳǣǾ㹻
Ụ̋ʴۻ˻Լ䣬ӽ쿪ʼÿбҪ͵ԴݶеķݶҪеͥǷݶģᱻ㸺𴫵鶼ǵָӣ·мǣһ춯ϱжзģɱ⣡
ǽ磬ڿ򣬾ͥͳΡ
ÿյּͥ⡣
ҩġʯеԴһݶÿϽɶ١
ÿϣһ֧פɳԴÿ춼Ҫ͵ڵء
ڷġʥĻɽģһ̣Ƕµͳ¡
ŰͳķʽֱܴĶܣÿԴһ˿һҲ١
Ϊͳ￪ϵƽǣʼԷ֯
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ܹ粢Ȼ޷ڸס
յ˵ȻѾ޷ڸסԼϢ·ҪҵӦþһǳ򵥵顣
Ȼʵϣޱȹǿգ˷ı
Ϊ졣
·жû׷Ϊӵ˸ٶȡյδռֻ֮Ҫִ飬Ҳû취ץס
ǿУһԶľ롣
жֻҪһ𣬷϶ھԶ֮ϣȻһƽ񣬽żʧ
ּȴλ֮ް취
ҾͿ˴ˣôжŭĺͬһĴ档
ҲŭȻֻ΢΢һЦҲû
һˣΪ籣һ˿Ԫ
ҡȻͥҪЩɿʯôһɵٶȾͻһ㡣
ִ֪ĵʲôôҪʲôǾɲǾͺˡ


449 ³
Щ飬뷽ǧڵǣڽµ
һֵ硣
ŵʥ⣬Ǹչֳһ
ϣɢŸֵָ
ǰģһţͷȴǹâġˡ
ˣ
ţͷӭţͷϴź̬Цݡ
ʲôطʡ
ĵطǿһƬƽأǾסĵطɽкľģǿԿľ֮أһƬ֣Ĺӣζ
ţͷûһ˿ͷɫʼָ񣬿ʼȫµ
ݣ޽һµĳȻǺ顣
Ȼȴ࣬Ϊ磬Ѿˡ
οû˶κεҪֻҪȥȻ࣬ȴΪԼࡣ
һҪ
ССķݱ޽֮ǿʼµ
ŷḻ࣬ɽŹӺѱҰޣǵʼİ
ţͷ˽̻ǸķһƬƽر˳˹
￪ʼѸٵոǵĲֿ⣬ʼӯ
ǿʼʱţͷ˿ʼ֪ʶ
򵥵֣ǡ
ǿʼѧϰʼЩ
еš
֮ǰڵЩǻɵĵһ𣬿ʼָĻȥ
ǧ³ֵЩ򣬺ܿл
ССᣬ
ԽԽӿĴǧ磬ĴǧҲʼԽ֡
˹˹˹
ĬĬĿŴǧ֮ڵı仯ĬȻ
Щ񣬶񡣡
ʶĻ֪ʲôʱǵߡ
ɽѾõ˺ܺõıɽƽڶţֻҪлᣬɽܹ»
أӣǣЩƽϡ
ǲӦЩʲô𣿡
˵⼸仰ķҺն¶˼ɫ
ĴڣǴƽгġһ⡣
ǰǺӦǲͬ壬һ㣬Ҫ𣿡
΢ЦѾˣǳϲϣҹȥ磬ҲҪı䣬ͷıһѵ飬ԶԶһŰֽϹճԼҪô򵥡顢ʹƽȷʵܴǱƣ޾Ŀԡ
ɽƣѾ֤һ㡣
Ϊı֮ӣĿе磬ʲôӵģ
һ仰ʶ뿪˴ǧ磬кܷæҪ
Ҫȥȡ
ֺĿĵģľнȳ
Һ㿴ңҿ㡣
˺ܾãȼЦ
ȻǸҺЦ
΢Ц黨Ц
һֱͣڷӡʥʵǣһ̣̥ǵı仯
ȥԼʥ壬һ˿Ϊˡζǵڡ
˹ȥ
ȴ˸ңԶĽ
ʥڻ߽⣬ڡ
ǵʵҲڼٵ½š
𼶱Ĵڣͨˡ
ЩҫҲǰ
ȥ˰ȴӭ
ǽЩƽ֮Уʼһһһѧϰ
ʥ硢硢磬һ˲䣬Ҳʼ
Ȼ˵Сǰ̣ȴ˵Ĺ
Ϊһʼڳһµķչ
Ҫѹեƽ񣬾ܹƽзָ˲š
տʼƽд𷨵ʱ򣬵ƽн֮ʳ֮ǿʱ򣬵ƽδѪҺлʱµ磬Ϳʼˡ
磬Щڵĵط
ΪЩ磬磬Щ
ȻЩ֮Ѿ࣬ѾɻңȻµѾˡ
ҡա
һȱΪĴڣ˿ȴΨһ
ȻǴ磬Ҳǰ̫һȻȴϾ硣
ʹõʥ
ֲڴǧĽ岻ϴʼΪʥء
ǿʼ̿Ϊ뿪ȥʥسʥ
෢չıҪ
֣ëѪʱڣֻǳԱӡ
ʷḻ֮ǿʼ׷ϵܡ
ϵ׷ﵽһ֮ȻʼѰѰ
Ľھչġ
ڳԺȲ̳֮ǿʼӵĿ
뿪סȥʥسʥ
򣬶ǵޱȵĴ
ڣǳɫƽͻʿľ硣
һڣտʮ֮˸
ͷų˽⣬֮ϡ

Ľ뿪ʱϵĽǷ׷׹أҷ֡
޷޵ǽ
Խδ
δȡǿﵽ࣬ﵽ˰
Ҫ˵ֻĿޡ
̨õѡ
𣬲
Ƿ塣
ʦλ˿ȴѾԽλ
δ磬Ϊδ
һ֮ϣһµѪӵܣһֻʮ֮һѪҺȻİ˿ڣ֮۾ðŨҵʥ⡣
ı䶯ܿģһԳޱȼѵ˳գ˻
ʹ
һʹŶ˵İ
ȻѪҺǿԼȴɱ
࣬ҲŰ
ʥˣҲʥ
˴֮䲻ǶߣҲū뱻ū֮Ĺϵ
ֻҪаܳʥ
֮䣬ֱ˴ˡ
ӢϣͷʥĹâ
ȻǺɫģǺɫҲй
µ磬µʥ硣
һϣ֮׳ͷų˽ɫĹâ
̫Ĺâ
ӵȻһǾ顣
Ȼãӣӵ֮顣
ѪͳҲҪأֻҪˣӵȻͻ顣
˶ʤ졣
Ȼ˿ҲӵȻ
Ȼ磬µ硣
зеķǰˣ¶Ե΢Ц
λ磬ϲɺء
ԡڷеգԡʥеĸԡеĸңͬʱ¶˺Ͱ΢Ц
ҪлѣҵȵĽɣܹ½΢Ц
Ʋ֮磬簡΢Ц
飬罨Ǹı֮ӵ⡣΢Ц
֮Īڴˡ
Цܿµ֣ҡܸˡ
ǰµ磬µ磬֮ǸЭ飬ƺ˴ɵĿܡ¶΢Ц
֮ǰǻкܶҪȥ¶ݶЦ
Ĳ࣬ҵɽŪ鷳ֻܿˡ
ץץͷ
⿿һǲеء
ҲаְЦĹ磬ɽĹɽ硭ɽ磬Ҳֻһ˵ġ
ЦȻ̧ͷ޾ǿ֮С
ǰҲڵ֮ǰҿȽһЩ顣Ц
ңԶǿ֮УϵĹâԽԽŨңƺһ̣Ҫһµľ硣
һǿһ˵Ľ
ҪҲͱһĽ
أƺȷʵҪıˡ
ıµ磬ʲôӵģ
˵磬᲻ĸı䣿
һУǸδ֪
ϾͥǷǳǿ


450 
еѾûƽˡӣˣжŭ
һˣһˣȻһ꣬ڼƵƽȫߣӣǷӣɾĴǧҲ޵ģΪʲôһ㣿ɫҲѿ
ûƽǿɸԴĴУܷ𣿡·ɫҲѿ
ȷʵһǳֺõ顣
ΪЩѾľƽǲᱻŹģͥµ໥֮ޱȵķա
ֻһһܹȥһһƽĽȡ
Ȼͥƽѹȣȴ÷˼ߵЧʣɱЩפص֮û·ƽ񣬶˷Ĵǧ硣
ΪڼƵƽ˴ǧ磬µĴŻ˵˳
ЩµڣøǵѸٵĻָ˴ǰһͻһֱǵǳΪµķʥ
Ȼһ㣬жڲ֪
Ͼʥɾ
ǵĳ֣صı仯
ֻͷۣҪζԸ
ҲӰβܶԸ
һۡ
ָǣֲɵӣ
һɵӲŻ
ϧǣܿɵˣһһ

ж۵ʱӰǵǰ
գңǴĸɽӳģжЦ
յ˶һۣȻͬʱЦ
ڣҪһ¡
һȻָָգλδ
ָָңλȻ񡣡
ȻָԼıӣأѪ֮ʥ
·ЦԼĳƺ𣿡
õġĵҲͬӵǾҲһƺš
ָж㣬ħ֮񡣡
жɫࡣ
ָ·㣬Ǻڰʥ
·
ն΢΢ϹʦּȻѾаôΪа֮
ޱ顣
ҵˣ¿磬磬ôɵ磬ȻӦó׵Ļ𡣡
ȻʦܳΪʦֵôʦ֣Ҳˡռ΢Ц
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Ѫһֱ˵ĵСսھȻ𣿡·ĵ
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ϵ£ܹ鶼Ҫ˼䣬Ϊֻ˼䣬Ѫ
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ʥ΢΢һ˾ͬʱʧȥӰ
ǵսǽչɱ
Һжȴû̫ķϻ
жԼĴӣֳԼ
ۻ¼Ĵڡݲ㡣ж뷢ŵĺ
ں˼˵ۻࣿߡ
ȻҲʧˣȥǵս
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δԶֻδֻڣܱ˰յġͬһ
ֻδӵĿԡ΢΢һЦ
˶ǷŴ£Ȼһħһı·Ȼ磬Ͼģ󣬻Ҫ֡
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ΪŰЧ޷ǻţŰ̺ʦ뿪ܹ֮¿硣
ȻҪ뿪磬ô磬Ű˵ûʲôˡ
ǣҲ顣
ڣ磬Ľ壬ȴǰž޴
ǲ̵ġ
Ϊ֮ǰķʥˣǲŻͶԼ硣
ѾӪ֮ˣǵͳ֮
ŰǣҲҪ
ΪҪ֣ܶάԼĵͳ
ͥڡ
Ű̸һĻϱƽ
һͽ͵ġ
ͥĴڡ
ӮˣΣ
ƣŰһߡ
жǻ᲻Ű̲ġ
ͱҪ
ʱ䲼һֻ֣ʣ¹һˡ
¡
жȫˣ͸һǰҲͬ¡
ͥһϲ
ڵţŷĵ
ûʧá
ҵжǵʱ򣬷ҲѾ֮ͥ⡣
ͥɽǰĽġ
ΪΰĽ
ߴĵãͨ
ռϵĵɵޱΡĽ
ڷվͥſڣ˫ָ̧ͷ

ҡͷ̾Ϣôĵطֻסһˣ˷𣿡
ûȻȴͥ
ͳͥȻҪһЩ
Ű̵ͥڴ˳
Ụ̋þòˡ
иƺţʴۡ
ֲŰиԡ
ʦ֮ɾţҲô
ǺУ𣿡
ҳһ㣬ʴƺţҲС
ֲģƺʲôеģ޷޲ѣԵú󣿡
һ֮£֮ϣǿ죬һƹܣβ󣿡
֮ϽΪãһ֮²ʵֻһܶѣϲŭֻʲôҪִơ˵ͳǿ죬һƿأ㣬ĵǿеκζûִָӣʲô
˵ʹЦֻܹµĶΰĽ棬¹µĴţ˽ƣΪִҪֻȴһѵĻᡣ
ͥĬ
˺һᣬŰ̷ŭŴӽﴫ˳
죡
һ죬ǿգƺһ¡
ڲϿʼָֿµȻֺŰһŭǿգܵ档
еƽҶˡȻĻղһɲ١Ц
ͽʿ֮졣Ű̵ָƽȻҪֹǣΪ֮ͥפ㲻ǰ
Ҳż˵ˣͥȻȴһµĴ󰡡˫ָȻ̾Ϣ
ˣŰЦ
˲̫׼̡֮΢Ц
Űɣ类״ƵһĵŰ̼Ц
ЦЦȻǰһ
Ű̡סһ
ԭվ֮ͥĵطͲһܹ̤ͥķΧڡ
ŰǡվǸطɺϣǷʲô
ԭΪŸǵսֽ֮ٶֵġϷԸ񡪡ı󶯡
Ȼ˿̣ȴ̤˽
ֻҪǰһͻͥĿƷΧ
̲סЦ
̲סˡΪɾǣ׼һͰ
Ű̷ĴЦȻһ֡
ޱȺΰͥʼ
ţ޴ĽΪһͷޡ
һͷǰδо޴Ļޡ
ھڻ޵Ķ


451 ûܿʼս
޵ʵǺصġ
ǵжô޴ʵжôǿ
Դ֮ؽڼͷ޵죬ͣͬһСɽһ޴
ǽֻǴܼĻޡ
ȻǿĻޣҲ۷ĴڣĻޣͬʮô޴󣬺һƬϵ
֮ǿĴڡ
δ֪ǿеЩǿվޣȻ͸ӵľ޴󣬶Ӵռʮĵ̣ǳΪʳȻЩǿվǿĻޣҲֻΪ޵ʳ
ͥʧ֮󣬳ǿеĻޣռݵģɲһϵ
ͥĵַɽԭַĺ֮
ɽһƬޱȹǿɵġ
ϣɽΪ֡
ԵشǺĵشϵפڱԵشʱԴ֮ϵԴ
еȡµźͨסĵطŵ򣬹סܡ
ǧپŷֱפ˷ֻͻ¼
ǧϴҲͬɢڱԵش򣬲ǲûռ򣬶ǶڽСǧ
ĲãɽͬͰһ㣬Դɽǿ֮͸޷ɽ硣
֮ǰңɽҲֻһʼ⧲¶˱ԵشȴػסԼͨǲûܵκε˺
ɽǿĵط
Ȼɽǿĵطȴࡣ
ϵĹռפŵֻĴԼʮ󶥼ϴ̡
ɽĵĵص㡣
һֱɽĸȫߣɽƽ֮Ƭɽ֮أȫĿ
ͥýƬǿ֮С
ڣͥˡ
ͷǰδǿĻޣռɽ֮ء
Ķ
Ű̵Ц
һͥпѹե֮ƽǲϿɸԴ͵ͥɲֻΪıԴ
ЩԴȻԴľ󲿷֣ҪЩԴͶҡĸǲġ
ʵĿģŰҪ
һǰδеĴ
ĸ˵ֶû̫ôھԵǰ棬ʼ޵ġ
ʮŸɲ׮Ϊ⣬Իɱһɡ
ĻеżʮֶԿһˡ
Ȼ˴ܾ磬ͺѱͼĴĳַʽܡ
ɽеɱҲܹһ֣ܹĳ̶ֳϵֵһѡ
ڵɾּ𣬱Ǽ͵Ĵڣٶˣûʲô塣
ɽ۷ʱа˰Ȼ˰λһ֣ͬҲ޷Կһλɾ
ϵı仯
û뵽ŰҪôԴΪ˲Ϊ˲һǰδеĴɱɾĵˡ
ȻŰȴ֪Լܹһ㡣
ΪĲϣҲǴûܹӵеġ
Դ֮ϵĻޣǿһͷޣ𼶱
ڣЩޱ֮ǵһ
ֻܹ֮޶ȵĵһֱﵽɾ
ȻڳΪ֮صʧˣҪĲϣ
Ű̺Ҳһţ뵽İ취ǽͥ
ޱΰͥʵΪ塣
ע˻
ǰδеĴһͷǰδеĻޡ
ɾĻޡ
ͷ޻˹ȴѾ̤ͷ޵塣
ص㣬壬ƺʵ磬ƺ磬֣ͬҪɱޣҲһǳѵ顣
綼ɾĸ֣ǵҲǩóԼԴ֮صĴ󲿷ֻ֣һֽΪԼסĵط
οڷǵ˻޵Ķ
͸ûлٳ
㷽ʲôĵطܹڻ޵ڴҲ޷ռг
ŰЦúܿġ
ȻжδŰȴںһ㡣
˳Ҫģ˭Ƕһ
ֻҪʱڷ޷ռгִ㹻ʱϣôǵĿģܹɡ
ִһͬ뿪磬ǰ߲ε硣
뵽һʱŰ̲̾ס˳ĴЦ
磬ζɣ
ߣվ棡
̫Ѿû̫Ķ
ܻҪ磬ﵽߵı˰
ɾѾĴڣӵǿԺȼ硣
Ȼȴ޷ѡ
ǵִִĹ
û˼ֻһҪ磬ʲôֶΡ

Űִ֪ھ顣
Ȼȴ˵ȹ̣˵ǿ
еɾǴġ
ȻɾѾܺȼ磬ȴ޷硣
ִȻ˵ӵǰδеǿȴɻҪһЩֶ׼
Ҫֹ
ΪĿĺͷִֶͬΣضԻΪǰġ
ìܡ
Ű֪ԼֹҪģֻ÷ʱ޷赲ִѡ
ҲֻзܹŰôɵ
ǻ·ǣҲ޷Ű̫в
֣޷ʤŰ̡
ⲻĲ࣬ǾĲࡣ
һδ֪֮أ·żҵĲ
·ƣеĳìϻɺɫĵ⣬Ÿ
Ȼ壬ȴͬһ㣬޷׽
Ѫ֮ʼ棬ڰʥ֮Ľ
һδ֪֮أжÿλ贸ӣһصĺɫ
ֳԭ͵ĸңŴͣźɫ硣
ÿһ綼øҺʹ࣬ȴøҵ۾ԽԽ
ķ籩ӸҵӿѩƬƬ
Ȼ֮Կжħ֮׵硣
ȻڣĴڣȻ໥Կ
Ȼħ֮ĶԿ
һδ֪֮ء
ɫķԶ
֮ڿлصţɫĹâ໥໥Կ
յĽɫ֮Уֳ˰׹⡣
δڲϵĵӡ
Ľɫ֮Уֳ˺
δа֮ĶԿ
δ֪֮أޱȼҵĽ
ϵδĽ
Ȼ˵ִ鱻֮ǰ粻ĳ֣Ȼȴս
δ飬δٿǣҪܶԷάԼϡ
ϣֻһϣܹ
һϣ򽫻ΪδĻ
Ĵս罫ˡ
һսڷỤ̋Ȼڣûܹ̤⴦ս
ṳ̂սζսûпʼ


452 Լս
˿̷ǰľɫӿ֡
Ǹָľɫ
޵ı壬һǧ硣
ûԼĴǧ磬Ȼ磬磬ܹڵõչ֡
磬һһһҪ磬ܡ
㷽ǿҲ޷ô硣
ϾЩõģǿҲ޷֮κεЧ
Էûг֡
ֻͬһ·Ŀһ㣬ĹۿŸ͸
Щǿߣ֮ŸϵǿȻΪûͬǿƥ䣬ղս
˻еЩͷԼȷ࣬е˼£ֻ˴ԣλԻеУ˲
Ȼսǿʼˣǿ֮ײ貵Ļ𻨣һйޡ
Щۼ
Ȼˣûеֿ˲ʷĳ
һһڷ𣬻
κյĽ֣ǻֻгԭ磬пܵõ㡣
һƴڷ
˹
ȻЦ
ĿĲҪֶβҪ
ظԼ˵ĻȻ޾֮Уǰٶһ
һƼ򵥵ȴԽ
Ȼ⴦޾֮С
޵Ĵǧ硣
һܿԶҲֻЩǧת
ǰģһޱȷĳС
ӵеһУﶼУֻͷޱȵС
һڷֻлдСĳС
ڳǰһˡ
У¶˿Ц
кܿͷӦˣľڳڵľӣͬһĴӳսͣŷ˹
ͬһķ¸ҵĳŷ˹򷴻սеս¸ҵĳ޴Ƿɴ
֪һжãҲûг֡
̾Ϣһתͷһ뿪硣
һ̣һ硣
ͬСĳУС࣬ЩϱǿҵƣϸСĽ
ٶת뿪
ʱ䣬ٲһСĳУЩСȴޱӴࡣ
Űõ磬ס˷
ֻҪһ֣ܻЩ磬Ȼȴġ
Ҳûá
Щ磬Ի޵ӵģã˵ʵġ
ܹóȻĻЩ磿
Щϣȴ޷ơ
ЩһĪչˡ
ЩʱţͷǸ粢һȻֻһ˲䣬ȻǸȴҲȥꡣ
ʱ䣬˷Ѳ
ʱ򣬷ʶĴǧһŭ
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Ĵǧ磬˿ΨһϣڣЩϣһ𣬺ĺڰԿ


454 ȭͷ
Хķ֪Ӻζڴھ
ŨҵĺڰİһŹŹǵصĺڰԵôСȴԵôҫۡ
˼ıԴ֮ĶԿ
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һǧ߰ʮֻеõɷһǧ߰ʮͿͬʱһǧ߰ʮι
Ҳһ޶ԡ
Ű̲Ϊ˱Լ졣
Ȼˣ졣
ûһǧ߰ʮתҲûһǧ߰ʮ
һ˲䣬ȴһǧ˰ȭ
ǴӸѧĹֶΣϣȴӵķ
ѪٶȣȻ֮֮һ˲䣬ʽںһԵ˵
һǧ߰ʮȭŰһǧ߰ʮĹ
ʣµʮȭȺĻŰ̸ߴ֮ϡ
һ̣Űɵ
ڰ֮˺
ڷȭͷһ˲䣬ڰ֮סỤ̋˷ʮȭ
Ȼȭͷϵȴƿ˺ڰ֮ķ
ʤ


456 һս
Ű̴˿̺Ǳ
ԭߴ˿Сƽӡ
źܶҵ˿ڡ
˿ڶǳԲΣ氼ȥɫѪҺĴЩ˿
ʮԲε˿ڣܲŰ̵ȫ
˲ܵ޷ָ˺
ڰ֮Ҳʼ𲽵ѡ
Ű̵ı
Ű̲ںģΪתһǧ߰ʮΣһǧ߰ʮ
Ȼһǧ߰ʮѾںϳһ󶦡
ŰΨһı
飬˵Ǽ𺦣ȻڵȴҲԪˡ
οŰ̴˿Ѿˡ
ϵѪÿ˿ڶѪܿͻɡ
ˣҲ
Ժܿģʼ޹⡣
ҲףΪʲôôǿ
һϢŰ̲ĵĵʱ䣬ôܻôǿ
šΪкܷḻľɡȻЦ
Ű̿һĲ⡣
ںܶ౲ǰиƺţȫɾ
΢ЦѾ˺ܶ顣
ȫɾɽŵĴڣȻɾֻȴܿĳΪɽǿĴڡ
Ȼ̫ŵˣܻЩ뷨
Ĵɾһ֣ͬͳΣɽΪǿĴ֮ȫɾͿʼҪˡ
Ȼ׵ͷˡ
ִһִ֣塣
ȫɾȴ
֮ݷ˺ܾõִ飬̫ɾͽ֮ɾִɳڵĵز
֮ڣȫɾ꣬ǲϵתϵ
ߣΪһɾϧ;䡣
ͣṳ̂ĵ·Ѿ
ȻÿһյĽȻľ飬ȴϵı
ʹһķں˴Խļ֮󣬵õ˸ٵķչ
ѧʲô졣
ϸֻԵɺϣΪɾٶȣȵȫɾҪ졣
һУҲǷ֮ǰȫ׵ġ
Ϊɾһ˲䣬ǰ䣬ӿԺ
Ϊ
Ű̵֮£ҵԣҪֹǸһ
ԭף
Ű̴ЦһЦһ߿Ѫô㿸ù𣿡
ĬȻȻҲ֪ҿùֻȥ֣ƩҲ̫뱻ǰµϾڵң֮ǰңѾ̫һˡ
ŰȻ֪˼һδԽĻ䣬ͲתǸȫɾ
ҷҲ뱳̫νϱӵ顣
Щ飬˵ˣڱ
סԼסںЩ˵
ҪסЩ˵ܹĻȥôҪάɴڡ
·ϣִõ·
ҪԸִ顣
ڶԸִ֮ǰŰֵ·ϣҪɱŰ̡
Ű̲˼ֻǿ԰οԼ¶һ˿м
Ȼˡ
úܲңڰðֻʵɢڿС
ĿһĻ˽ʲô
ڣһѾɨˣҪģֻʣһ¡
һ뿪˲֪֮ء
ȻͿˡ
һɽһ罣
վ֮ǰڰԭַϣԭַһޱİͨ
ˡ˵ͷ
˻ͷͬʱԷ֣ʦ
΢΢һЦ
룬³
Ѿӵɾ
˵Ӧ̫ɾ뽣֮ɾ
ͷһ³̫ɾͽ֮ɾת
λѣԸĻԲúʦЦ
³˷ۣƲƲ졣
ʱӰͬʱӲ֪֮ð˳
ҡա
Ǻƣ룬ޱصˡ
Ȼչֳƣȴޱȵǿ
ΪڻΪĶ֡
·Ѫ˺ڰ
һжȻ˺ڰ
ջδ˺ڰ
ſԼ֡
򣬴Ĵǧð˳
ģɻص硣
Ÿ˵ʲôӵ磬Ϳǵˡ
ĸҵĸһƽգͬʱԷһ
Ҳϣܳһյ
ף˸顣
ָָ룬Ȼָָ³ЦǸ飬ȻҪȥ˵ˣͨҲֻݵ˽ȥ
룬˵ͷȻʧ˿С
Ҫص磬ʼԼĴ̡
磬Ҳû֮ǰôǿȻȴܹɽȫĺƽ
ֻޣѪֻҪʵѪҺֻҪȻĴ衣
ȫԺɽ硢һ
磬ҲҪʲô߽磬ֻҪÿڶðľˡ
ɵĵҲӷĴǧ˳
ޱȹվڷһ仰Ҳ˵
ЦЦȻļ򣺡ѾɵúܺˣϾǲܹõ顣
¶ܳı飬ȻڷĹУ˺ܴȻȴ֪ɵˮ׼ʱҲﲻʲôˡ
ΪȻȫɾһӣǿҲ˾ѣ˺棬ҲֻܿԼ컯
ο֮ǰʱ̫ȫɾת;䣬ѾĻ䡣
ڷ˵ܸˡ
㿴ŷһĽš
⣬վҪģִ飬ٷһУֻһλá
ЦŶԼɾǻҪĻָµ磬ͿˣȥԸִ顣
˵ͷʱҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲô
ԪĻָɽ˾Ҳڸϻܿģɽ罫½ͨҲ´ͨ
ʱ罫һ壬Ҳʲôңȡǡ
Ͼڹȥʱ綼άŴĺƽ
֮û
Ȼ緽˵ִ⣬緱Ҳֻһա
ⳡսֻзͳ³ʸ룬˶ûʸ
ûʸɵĵǣͬҲûʸ
֮ɾ֮ɾڳ˯УҲҪܳʱָܹҲͬû뵽սȥ
ճģֻǷͽܡ
ӵһ¼㣬ſ֡
ȥɣϣǻʱѾָԪҺ뿴һȫµ硣
ͷȻͷһߡ
ɵĵǿʼ뿪
ǽɽˣ½ɽ硣
һͬµ磬һٵС硣
ߣͨƽ񣬶ܹúܺõ硣
ʵԴȫһ㡣
һĻ΢Ц³վޱ顣
ڣ˶뿪ˡ
Լͽܣ򵥵ĵ߰ɡ
ͷ³ͷ
˸ڷͬʱ߽Ǹİ֮ͨС


457 µĲ
ͨǲͨĶ
İͨȻ޷ɾĸǰȻʲôš
һǰߣһͽܡ
ִչصĵط³²
ͥڰѹѹסĺڰϢȻһ㣬Ѱҵķ
˼Եóࡣ
һֱһ⣬Ǿǵˣ˭Ҳû뵽ķзֳִ뵽ķֻһ
硣³˵һ䡣
ͷ
ȻжôǿǶѾָǿʱ̣ܹ׵Ĵݻ磬Ҳ޷ơ˼֮
ݻ磬ͻ磬¡
˵ǼɾĴڣֻҪĽ׶ΣԼɢܸɲƻ
ʱĿռ䣬ͻֱĺڶ᲻ϵһС
زȻǻ硣
Ƿȴ֪ĵزֻܻһ֡
Ϊ޵ġ
Ľ򣬾ޱȵĹ
֮⣬޵δ֪ǿգȻƽ޷棬ǿĴڣȴһֱܹδ֪ǿȥ
Ҳ˵ֲϱֻҪδ֪ǿܹһֱȥΪռıҲҪʱġ
޵ĿռǰһֿʼҲ޷
οıٵ˳κλᡭҪ뿪磬Ǻһͬ𡣡
ôֻܹݻ硣³ͻȻ˵һ䡣
תͷ˳³һۣȻЦ
ûΪãȻݻ硣
˵ͷ뵽İ취ڰ
һ˵ڰԴ
Ϊ޾ǿǺڰģֻռݺٵһ֡
ܹȫպڰ֮ôܹ㸲硣
㸲һ˲䣬Ȼͻѷ죬ִܹ뿪磬ȥһȫµ硣
ĻŰ̲Ѿһ𣿡ɻʵ
ô׵ģԶء
Цܹõģֻһֺڰ֮ѣ˵֮ǰ置ĺڰֻ֮ǲ׺һڡ
ܿ
ĺڰ֮ǰ޾δ֪ǿڵҪǲܵ顣
ôִ飬ǳ롣Ȼ
Ҳ˵ŰֻܿôһЩڰִȴδ
ҡҡͷο֮ǰǷе࣬еԴڳҲû塭Ҳִõһӡ
еڿգ³ٶͻȻ졣
ôԾĵ
˵һ취Щ顭ʱѾȫˣôôܹ֯飿֮ô飬ͬȳһĳ嵽δ֪ǿȥȥھ򣬾ȥ𡭡һ죬㹻
ȵĸʼɶл߸磬ҵһߵͻƿڣȻѳȥӴڡ̾Ϣ
ֱǷһ뷨벻ŵĵ
ˣ˵ִɵģǵִķ񲡣³ĵ
ҪǣҾŰǵЩˡ
Ű̵ǿǽںڰϵģǺڰһٵ֮׵ıһܣж·ǣҲ׵ıǻˡĸϣеĿľӦáֹѡ
н޵ġüͷ
ľ֮¡³һ䡣
ǰн޵ģôȥĶôԪʥʥ顢ŷȥĶʵ
ͳ³һۣӱ˴п˲˼
ǰû⣬˵ʱǣûʸ顣
ӵɾ֮֮ǰǷǷǳ³ɾִŶô̵⡣
ֻ֪ɾּĴڣ߸ϣ۷
ɾǰɾĴڣˣûԸɾ
֮ǰǺȻΪȥЩ֣ռŰ̵ɾԼǾɾ顣
Ͼǰδе顣
ʮɾĴڣټִһĪĴڣִı꣬Ӫľ棬֮ǰûӪ죬кܶԭ򣬶ԭûôʮɾĴڡ
֮ɽ綦ʢһ̶ȣҲͬ׳ȻɾĴֻоŸȻ𼶱Ĵڣȴ˺ܶࡣ
ɽа˰
Ҳ̫ࡣ
ټļʮԪʥ
οȻûɾĴڣȴҪࡣ
Ϊ츳
͵بδйʢ
Ҳֻʢܹͳʮɾ
ƶϡ
Ȼƶϣȴδȷƶϡ
ƶϣδȷƶϡ
ĶԷͳ³˵һֱͻƵɾ֮ҲŲԡ
ͳ³ĬȻ
ͻƵɾ磬ȷҪ٣һͻƵɾ͸ͥûüϸ룬һֱʱѣŲĶԡ
˵ɾ𡭡ǿ˶٣ܹʹóž͵ѡ
һ𡣡Ц
ǱʤĵطǾ磬³Ȼ
ûѵģǾ磬ǿǿģֻҪĳķȻ֮ķ
뵽һЩõüͷҲ˵ֻҪִԸ⣬ɾĴڣ
ȻʧЦôסŰ̵ɾ磬Ϊλıȥģ·ǵɾ磬˷ʥŻģŴԴھԪʥִһЩķҲҪɾĴڣܹĸ֣ĻͲҪСģϾԽԽֻ࣬Ҫϵսȥͻӵһ֧ɾɵĴʱǲûκεʤᡣ
һȻ󲻺˼Ц
ɾȴǺ׵顣³׷һ䡣
ûԭ򡭡ЩȻûĵ̣ôȥĶʵ
⣬³ͷش
˵ǲԸش
ΪĴ𰸣ԲҪĴ𰸡
Ĵ̫ɲҲ̫Σա
ζǵʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ʱںҪ
ĸһһı
ﵽһٽʱ򣬾ĩٵʱ


458 ɽ練ս
ڷ˵ʱǹúܿࡣ
µʮ𣬱Ͼֻĸ֮ǰ
Ǵ֣˵ˣ˺ͷ֮ǰɽݵĽɫһȻȴɽҪķΡ
ʹǷǳóսȻ棬ȴ̫
ָɽΣ˷ϡ
ڵҲͬóսһǰΪĽڵӣֱֱһ䶼ƣͬģҲָ
Ҳֻзֽɽ֮¯ĵزԽͳһ֧
ڵĽΪɽڡ
ڳսʿ
ֳֽǰնһǰ
ɽڵĵԲһЩ
Ӹֵ벻ĵط
Ҫһ㣬ضŸ˼ά
ֽɽĴڣϸ˼άУڵУȻҲǷǳǿĴڡ
ʵʺͳӦ̫ڵˡ
ϧ̫λ²ĲԲҲԵΡ
ֻԼ
ʱɽ˾ͦҵģǲϵˣϵĶ׷ɱ
֧˾ǿ
ɽ˷롢³֮⣬յ
Ϊ壬ǧϴ̵ǵĴǧСǧУװǧپţԼɼš
һޱǿ㹻硣
Ȼ׷ɱǵʱȴֻӡ
Ϊɱ˶ԷҲûãɱ˶Էܹ»һˣһˡ
ڲϵһһƶϽ䣬ԼõԴȻ
һꡣ
ȻЩͻȻʧˡ
ҲϢʱһ˸ᣬȻȷˣתˡ
ӵɾӦǿԷ˵ʱ
ǿʼߣصǵļ硣
˾ҪƶǷǳݵһ£ϾЩʵϲˣܹǵĴǧСǧ棬ƶ
ҲΪĿٶȣǲܲϵİ׷ɱڶûʲô
ȻȻҪĻصɽ磬սɺܽСģΪǲܳʧ
һգ˾һƶϡ
ܴ󣬺ɽЩҲĶȥʺפ
ÿפʱǶĴǧΪ˼ǵĸϾôڴǧҲǻǴһЩѹġ
˾ɢϢʱһϢͬʱҲھ䡣
򲢲ǵ򣬶һϵ
ϵʮǣΧһźת
ϵΧϵһƶ
δ֪ǿϵ򣬶˵ûʲôãҲʺ棬鶼ûС
ֻЩǿվ޲ŻЩϵԱϢΪʳ
ϵԱ߱ҲһͷʮǿվޣȻ˾֮ӵ֮⡣
ǿվ޶ҲǷǳеģЩǿɢǿվ޲˿־塣
ˡ
ϢʱͷѾԶԶǿվޣ۾ͻȻһ¡
Ȼͱȥ
ϢҲð
ûһƲ磬ͷı仯
ɵǿ֮Уйעͷǿվޡ
ͷǿվϲϢ
ˣʼѸٵĽǵСǧѾ˺ܶΣѾ֮
鿪ʼǿվܹ뿪ĻǻǸ鷳ΪǽҲҪעЩǿվˡ˷ߣüͷ
ǰǿվȫɱˡҲ˹˵
˵ͷֱܴȴԵģǳЧ
ʱһ˹
һģ˻֮Ҳδ֪ǿڴ
ò˶ãͻδ֪ǿڴǰͻǰȥᡣ
ֻڣƺûʲôˡ
ʱǿվ˶
ſͣȻȥ
ǳԾĿͷǿվޡ
ǿվȻΪʳȻȴֻЩƶ򣬶ֳ˻֮һȻĿ־塣
Ϊ֮ǰİЩǿվޣҲֻǻ޵ʳѡ
˻֮򣬾ǿվǲҽӽġ
Ȼڣͷǿվһھ
һ̧̣ͷȻŴ͡
һޱǿð˳
һ̣ǰѸٵĽ
ԶԶĿһĻͻȻһĸо
ֻһͷǿվ޶ѡ
޵δ֪ǿжǿվޣ
ȥδ֪ǿվ޹ܱɶã
ǿʼǿվޣ𣿡
ſʼĴƺԶеƣ۵ǿվޣ૵ĵ
飬һǵĿġüͷ
ôҪصɽ硣𵱻ϵĵ
λͬʱͷ
֮ǰǲûзҲΪһֱڱ׷ɱ
֮ûܹ龰
׷ɱǵˣ֮ǰĻ棬ʼһһĳǵǰ
һ·ϣǿ˺ܶ𺳵ľ
ǿվޣ˿ɢǿ
ܹԿ
Щ鸽ӵ𼶱ǿվޣȴûж˾Ƿ𹥻
ֻδ֪ǿڷٵƶһϵͻὫɡ
ÿᵮİٿµ򣬸һŶ©ıЩǿվһһɵ
龰˵ͷʼóġ
Ȼû뵽̫Ķɸе˲
һַǳǳĸо
ǵֱ
ȻЩǿվ޲ǣҲͷ֮ǰСʼٶȣδ֪ǿڴ˹ȥ
ֻ֮ǰһѾӵ̫̫ԶĵطǵٶȣҪϻɽ磬Ҳһ׵飬˵鷳
ǾͲȥˡͻȻ
𶼿ʼ
ȻЩ飬Щǿվ޵ϣϵǿգҲԸˣǾ˵ڵżնġ
ֱۺҲʲôʲôƻֻ֪Ҫ飬ǾһҪֹ
ĺصδ֪ǿ֮Уڻа˰ˣ˰ٸֻҪûɾĴڣôǾͲ䣡ȻΪʲôǲɵЩһѾܻˣٻһʲô⣿
ǵ¶Ȼɫ
˵ûڣһһĸɵЩ쵰ɣܸɵ٣Ǿ͸ɵ٣صĵ˵ͷ
¶Цݣһ꣬ͷҲҪйһˣ
Ǿǿɽ
˰ǧͬʱŭ
ɽķսʽĻ


459 ɽ
ɽ˾δ֪ǿչʱ򣬷ǣҲ쵽ͨյ㡣
ٳͨҲʱ
Է˵ٶȣǴɽһأҲһ˲顣
˵ôʱĻŴﵽͨյ㣬ĳ棬Ҳ֤ͨжô
һƬڵͨôľ룬ĵ˷裬ȴһ㡣
ǼȻˣͲںο
ͨľͷһ
һĹ
źɫĹ
ͨͨͳ³ûаڳʲôرķƣʱȴͬʱ
ΪҪԵģǰδеĴС
㵱ԸǿʥλɾҲûݹ
ϾʥǿҲǿ죬ҪԵĴڣȴҪ졣
ĳ̶ֳ˵ҲִҪ顣
ϾǵִΪ顣
ͨͨڣǰģһĿռ䡣
Ȼʶ֪ȴͬǿһ㣬ޱ޼ʡ
ſռź̾һ䣺ĵˡ
ź
ͳ³źһЩӵ
ĳ̶ֳ˵źҪɵģĵ飬ȻڣȴҪֹ
Ȼǲ²û
Ŀ˺ǰһŹϡ
Ź˵ǹ㣬ȴ˵һݸǡ
Բޱȣ׼һԲ
Уڵ֣顣
δ֪ǿڡ
һͷǿվޣſͣǰǿе򣬾¡
ͬʱִǰǸУһСĺڵ㡣
𣬿Ҳ޷Ǹڵ㣬ͳ³ȴͬʱˡ
ĺڵлкܶ࣬Ȼÿڵݱ׺һڶ㲻ϣȻڵȴڲϵӡ
ִͬʱ̧
ΣⱾĸַеһ
ĬȻ
ִ𣺡˸ַеķǴ˼άеģЩֻе뷨һһʵʩǶ˵ҪлҲǡ
ҲҪлǣҪֹ㡣
Ȼ
δ֪ǿڡ
һıɽͬһһĳ˿У޵ɱ⣬һͷҪǿվޣ
ɽײǿվ޵ϡ
ǿվ޷һŭ
һĽڣȴûʧȥս
𼶱Ĵڣôȥ
Ȼһ̣ͳǰ
Ľ˿лӳ
ŷƿ˿ڣ潣ߣ˲ͽ˿չޱȾ޴ĵز
һ̣ǿվ޵ѿ
һŭŭһȻҪݡ
׹⣬ǿ飬˷ɻҡ
ֵǱ뻯ͬʱаЧõϵ˲ͻͷ顣
໥һۣǲû˷Ѹʱ䣬һͷǿվޡ
δ֪ǿڣǿվ޵޾ȻԳɫϣѸٵǿվޣȻÿɱһͷǿվޣͻһͷǿվޱ鸽塣
˿ǵľɱֻڲϵǿա
ǵķܶƺֻӻһС
ȻӻҲġ
ִͷǰݣ΢΢ü
Ҳˣкڵӵٶȣʼ
ǵսҲŬЦ
ôǾͲҪ˷ʱˡδҪǿնɵֻҪƷ磬Ȼ뿪
³ԼĽ
һ޴ޱȵĽ
ƽֱз档
һ̣³һ̳裬ֱʵơ
ǽڵĵҲǽߵľ
³ؽΪǿĽߡ
ȻһŴ̳ƺ޷ǰ
Ӱǰ
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460 һԾŸ
ܹԸỤ̋Ҳܹɱһɾ
ǰľŴ飬³ͻȻÿ˲סĸ飬û˲ɱеһ
ʵǷ
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˵ʱ򣬲һ˿˼̻˵ʱ򣬴Ųҵսɱ֮˵³ʱ򣬴ŽǹΪңһǰơ
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Ϊǲ޼ҡ


463 
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ЩһҲʼж˰Ц
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һʱ䡣
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ŴͬɽһڷǰƺԶԶһܹ⡣
࣬޷ԿȻġ
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УҲдССĹȣʲôĹȣһߵͳߣָǰ
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Ϊǵ뷨ֵġΪʲôҪֹң
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˵λҲûиִ˵κλʱ䡣
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Լִ֣һͷ
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ǸݣƯڿС
ۿɼǣڵ㣬ڼļ١
ˡЦתͷԷͳ³


464 ı
һԻ͵ĽԽգֱԶһͷǿվޡ
Ѿ׼˽ֻܹ˵Է뽫Է׵𣬻Ҫĳ֡
Ȼһ̣ǿվԭɵĶͻȻͣȻ조໡һתͷԼٶȿʼӶݣ
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ΪͬʱܹоϢһ˲Ѿʧ٣
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٣ԭƻĿռ䣬Ҳʼ˻Ļָʼչֳ
Ĵڣʼδ֪ǿڲϵĻ
ȻĿ꣬ЩƻڶʱʧȻֻҪ֯𲽵޲Щռ̫ѵ顣
һͨɣҲ޲ռѷֻҪɽӴܹ˳תһУһ⣡
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һ̣еĳķ뿪Լ˵䣬Ȼ˿С
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֪ˣĴ£Ҳֻˣʸ롣


465 ޵н
֮ǽı⡣
Ϊ֮֮
߻ǰߣֻʹȴ޷ӳ⡣
Ľһ̣˳³ĳ֮ϣ֮ʼԽͬһˮ
ԼԸ˵棬ǾΪų³ĵ
Ϊ˴ͨһͨ㱻˲⣬Ҳ
³Įĵ˿̣½֮ԻὣϣһҪΪˣͨһ뿪ĵ·
Ǹ磬Ҳʺɾ֮µĴ档ѵͨ򿪣ҵܹˣ˵ᾡ⡣
Ҳ˵ܹõĺôأ³ش
Լȥģǲ˵ȥģˣӦвѡɡ
ʦҪֹң³һ⡣
ܹԼѰҵһ·뿪Ӱ쵽ˣһܸ˵뿪ڵ·Լδܹ뿪һᣬôҾֹֻ㣬ִֹһ㡣ᶨĵ
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ŷּһ䣺Ҷ˵õĻᣬܹ뿪ûᡭڵĽ֮ع˼ܹ֮еĽ֮գᣬҽûлͨǸͨ
ĬȻ
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һãȻʵ壬ȴѾԪˡ
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ǿ˿ԼѺ۵ķ壬̾˿û˵ʲô
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Ȼ֮ǰû뵽ԿִսȥԳ³һ
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ڵĳ³ɲ赲ģ
һ֣˱ס
ɱ񣬷ɱ
ǰѪʼ棬ҲһնɱˡֻҪҵǰ
޵С


466 ʧ
ˣһ¶ѡ
֮Ҫ赲³ȴ³н֮һˡ
˿̵ĳ³ǿĳ³
Լ˵ֻʱܹ֮½ߵһ壬лĿƣһͨ
֮ǰ˱֮˼֮ɱִĻôڵĳ³Ҳ޷ý֮ϲһ㡣
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ˡޡʥ顢ӡ飬ڸפء
˵ɣżɽͽĽɵ꣬л̤֮;
ʥѪ壬ڷżгûЩ뿡òƽ񣬳ΪѪĺᣬӵ
ҲƽԸȥ̷飬ǿ
ͬƽΪ˾ϵȥѧ𣬿Ϊѡ
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Դɴڣɵפء
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ڣԨȴӵļһ໥š
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һѴΣߵ˴Ծ˸ֻҰԣȴҿ׳ʿȣǶϲȥ֮ǣڴл׳ʿ
׳ȻʧЦȻҡҡͷλ˼ҵǴ󵨣Ȼʮ˵ƽ˲٣޻кܶ࣬û˻͸ҹ·ǡ룬ҲҲʲôʵݴʡ
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˹ȥȻĽе
ոմԻĻЦүӣʲôǾˣܳԶ١ʲôģ˰ɡ
˵ʱƲƲ죬ͳ³ȻסĻҲǳĻģΪһˣĻõ֣򵽵ԼʳãĶ׸˴ӣڷһ˵ķݶȻͻ١
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469 ı
Ȼǲ̫Ǵȥ۵ڵֳʳϼһ￴ǴҪзˣҪʲôȥա
οǣҪǲͶֻǴûд˲μͶˡ
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ó
ԼıӣӶĿŷ
ûд㡣
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ɫ԰׵ĿŷΪôཽĶܳ
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ԴҲܣֻ֪Ҫ˳Ǿͻ֪Լжôȷ
ӣһһĹȥˡ
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Ϊ˶ܹ㹻ʳҲԻڶ컹Ҫȥðմ԰ɣ
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470 仯ĳ³
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Ҳҿ˴½зȻƾ֮ǰ״̬ҪУɡЦ
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ȵȣ׷ٵĺһȺһͷϵȺ³е
ûֱ׳Ļش
ǶԸ𣡡³
ڴˣһж⡣Ļǵĵĵ
³ͣ˽ŲҪѰԼȥ
ˣ˵ЧһЧЦ
֮ǰǵʱҲ˵аյģǸĻСӾǵĻѾȥתˣ³֤
̾һȻҵѣҲĵԪʹõġԲãһξûЧˡͷǣôͻƺ죿
㲻Ҫҡ³ĵ
ʲôʱ򺦹㣿߰ɡ
˳³һѣ³ɼĸŷȥ
һ·ߣȺµټԽԽ࣬ҲüͷһȺȺһҪϮĸС𣿡
³䶯һͷ㻹ǲ¶ˡѾȺϮӪصˡ
˶һۣȻӿ˽Ų
Ȼܿģɱ֮ʼԽԽ
һСӪأڱȺΧ
⴦Ӫزֻ˰ˣȻΧǵģȴǧǣ
³һôǣ
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³תͷޱĿŷ
û취ҿȺһѾЩסˡ㱣ı»ͦǿģȥȻܳȺҰһкܶ׷ȻҰѷҹȥˡ⡣
е㿿׵𣿡³ûĵ
ֻ̯̯֣ˡ
³תͷ˿ǴСӪդȺѴդȥԻڹӪأӪؿڵĽڿֵȴѾԵЩֵסӡ
³ЩԡѪսĴǣһ˿ԥͲ̡
۽¶һ˿Ц⡣
˵ɣӦôʲôط³ʡ
ҾͶƬݴȥ֮ҪóȻͷɫҰǾǱȥӺ͵ϮɲҲҪһ¡ɵĻͳȺٳһ£ЩҰǵעȵǿʼ˹ʱ򣬾ܣʱһÿ
³ĬĬĵ˵ͷУȥնɱĻȺпһɢ𣿡
пһϡ˰֣ҪǵñԼ
³˷һۣȻת
ڲݴǿƤ˳
ɫķģü֮ǽɫĺۼȥȻҧԼָͷԼѪڷĺۼٶͿһ顣
ϷǴѪˡĪҪҰϻơ
ڿдţƺأڻشĻ
ڲݴɳɳУ³Ϣǰ˵ϢƺѾΪһ塣
ڳ³Сǳ³ڰĲĴũߵʱ˽ԼģȻֻͨȻеʱ˵ȣͻòһ
ڳ³Լ壬ס˳Ĺâ
֮ǰĳ³һ֣غܵ
ڵĳ³ؽںŻ
һ־Ĳͬ
ų³ıӰ΢΢Ц


471 Ԯ
΢ḧԭ˸ߵĲݴ΢Ĵ֮ɳɳ죬ƣһѵõĺ
ȻذҰ˵˿ȴԲǰã⵽˼㡣
Ϊذϲ峤Ĵӣڳ֮ѡ뿪˲䣬£ȥѰһƬµĲݳ齨ԼĲ䡣
˴½ϵƽ񣬾󲿷䣬ÿ˿ڶǽܵϵһΪ˸õȥ
Ȼڰٶǰʿǿʼƽɱޣάƽֳ֮ƶȣҲ𽥵Ŀʼı䡣
ãǵ˿ڷܱÿһ˿ָָ̫࣬⣬ԷַƣͿʼӦ˶
һչ޵ʱ򣬾ͻӦķֳһ֣ȥռĲݳ
С俪ʼԽԽ࣬ĺôҲԶ׼ġ
Ȼֳȥ˺ܶС䣬ȻЩС֮䣬ҲȻиУʲô飬ʱ齨Ϊˣӵбǰǿ
ذҰڳ֮ҲڴԼĲĳ
뿪֮ǿ׳սʿԼ棬ֻҪҵһ鲻ĲݳܹѸٵķչĲݳڵ˴½ϣټ
ذҰǺܿҵ⴦ݳ
һûпĲݳԭޱߣŷḻˮԴ㹻ܳһʱ䡣
ȻذҰҲ⡪ƬݳȻûбȴҲ˵ġ
ˣȺҰǡ
ոӪغ󲻾ãذҰĲ¾⵽ȺϮ
ǧͷҰǣ
һɼµ
㹻׼ذҰĽȺҰǽȻǸոӪأҰǾͺХҵĹ
ҿӪʱذҰģһ˸ߵӪկλסܣҰ޷ֻܹص㹥կš
ϧǣΪ˷կŪñȽϿҸոӪկŸҲûаʲôĴʩҰǽݴǱӽȻͻȻչϮ⧲ذҰĲֻկŴԼѪֵҰǵĳӪկڵĸ档
ǻеıսˣնɱ˺ܶҰǡ
ȻҰǵǵʮ
Ѿʮذϲʿ˵ϣȻÿ˶ҰǵȻҰǵȴôӴ
ذҰԼı֮²ϻűУȴ𽥵ĳ˾
Ȼذϲ˻ֵסȻʱţʿǵҲ𽥵ļˣȥͻݱһɱ
ذҰ̧ͷԶ
Ҳֻһ취
ذҰţȻȴûаա
Ⱥϰԣ˽ģȥȺпһɢȻȴпܵǿʼӷĽȻսѰҵµ
ܹ˽⵽һ㣬ΪذҰֲ֧Ψһ޻սʿںϵ޻꣬һͷ
Ҳֻܶһ£ֲĸʣҲɱ֮Ⱥһɢ
ڻңȥɱͷذҰߵ
ͷˣ̫Σˡ֮䣬аɵľ룡޻սʿҲѳ嵽ǰģһʧɫĵ
ֻ취ˡȻĻȥֻܱһ𡣡
һ˵ͷͷˣ֯ʮˣ䴩ͣΪǣһע
ذҰͷУ
鶨֮ذҰͷĿ˰ͷƤëɫ쳣ߴҰǣ뽫λεļס
Ȼסˡ
һ̣һ׷ͷҰð˳
žǽһ
ذҰûпôĽ
ذϲǿʿӵٶȣҲûһ죡
ŲݴԵڻ³Ϣĺ档
סԼȫϢû¶һ˿Ϣ
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һֱʱ߻ŵļͷҰǣŷһУʼĺ
³磬׼ȷĴӼͷҰǵĲӴ
Ŷͷ𣬳ޱȵѪȣ
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ƣҲҪҰǡ
Ӫկڣذϲ˵ľ޴Ļ
ذϲĻͷǾ˹
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죬֯β׷ɱ
ذҰϵĺȺȻûɢôͱضȥǸǵͷӣذϲˣɲܼȣ
һ䣬ذҰ˫ȭգһ
ԼԼĳһͷɫľǵĻӰںϵ޻ꡣ
סԼľ޽ذҰһŲʮذϲսʿ׷ͷҰǵβͳ˹ȥ
Ⱥų³ȥʱ򣬳³ûȴ
ΪȺǴ˷ģҪۼһ𣬻ҪһЩʱ䡣
ûж㣬ǽĽķ˳
Ȼ˿۷嶼ûдﵽȻĽȴΪûʧ
ѩһ׹Ĵ裬ͷҰʺһ͵ڵϡ
ȻҰ̫ˣ³ҲûҵɱҰǵĻᣬֻܽܲ͸磬סԼǰ
ڿԶȺҲ𽥽ӽ֮󣬳³ҲûԥȺûкΧ֮ǰתܣ
Դ󷢵Ⱥذϲսʿ׷׷ų³ô׷ȥ
Զĵطվ
Ѿ³񱼹Ӱˣڳ³󲻵ԶĵطȺ׷š
ͳƬȻ૵˼䡣
ԭʵգʼ𽥵ıúڰ
֮ǺصĹͨ
ǷʦĸصںϣӶ֮赽Ԫ
ڳķʦ˵ҪعͨͱҪһЩȤĲϣƷֽɰòϡ
ȻҪΪǺѡ
˴½ͻƵʱù˴½ùƬصĹ֮һٻɱɣ춨˴½ڵĹ
ӣأһõġ
΢΢ڰУʼһƬơ
ڳ³񱼵ǰʱ򣬾Ϳ³һ֡
ף
еƿʼ
ԵذϲսʿǳԾͣ˽Ų
һ̣ǾͿһִ硣
磬׼ȷȺ롣
һ̣֪ҰǵĲҽͬʱģһ춯صĺ֮
׵ɢʱȺܼĵطϳһ󶴣Ĵǽڵʬ
ΧȺҲûдģżлģҲѾˣڵš
һ
׷ûɡЦʳ³
³ƲƲ졪ĳ׶ΣʦǷʦȽҪռЩ˵ģִսС
˻̸ЦذҰѾĲ¸˹ȻˣһͷͿ
ذϲذҰлλʦ


472 Ǻ
ذϲ
룬˴½Ȼһβ̵ʱ䣬ȻйϵĲֻڲξٲ˴½ϲȻԸΪҲǺܶģذϲ֣û˵
ҲνûҪԼʶĲ˾ȥõʲôϾͳ³ʵ̫ԸͨԼŬǿҲԸõЩǵİ
һֺ΢̬
ʦͽҲֻ·˴ݳü󲿱ҰϮųҲ㲻ʲôġЦ
ذҰǰ͵ϼһﷸѣ֪˭ʦ˭ͽܡ
ɹ˵ô˵λǿȺĶ֡λӪأǱʾǵ⡣
˵ͷǾȴ֮ˡͽɡ
³һԵĸڷߣذҰ֪ʦ³ͽܡ֪һ֮Էľˣ³ղչֳĽԶԶĳذҰ󣬷ʦӦñȳ³ӵɡ
Ȼͳ³ֻ˵ԼɢޣذҰڽʱɶԷͳ³ģΪ³ǣһ˴½ϣʿĵλǳĸߡΪǾȹܶˣ˴½ƽܹ֮ܵ࣬ҲΪǲϵϺͻɱޣƽŸĻΧĽ
ԽļذҰԷνӦǲϵҪŸֽʣϵĻŷ䡣
㲻Ƥܻ֭ǿ𣿻Щ³Щ⡣
ҵӣҲ͹һζѡȻãôͶ໭ţôֻܻܿ㡣
Ц
ܲԺֻԼһ˳³û˵ʲôˡ
ֻһ㣬Ϊʲôửôŷ䡣
ذҰѾѲĲֽȫ˷ȴɵֲϷģصŪһƤڴģȫǻõķ䣬ִһҲкüš
ذͷǲʲôĵ飿
һգذҰ뷽ͳ³ԷʱȻЦݣȴذҰüɫǳʵ
ذҰ̾һԭΪҵһܺõĲݳȻ˭֪ûռݣҲԭġ
ŶԸꡣЦ
˴ȥһɽɽ̾һȺ֮ǰϮǵģֻǹȺķ֧ǵʿѾ̽ˣǴɽＸȫǣͷɽĶﶼˣЩѾ˷ԲǧڵİǼפȥĻǵģͻȺذҰһЦĵ
ͳ³һۣҲо˿ɲĵط
ͷǡȻһڵʿҲܹ׵ԷǣǶڵķͳ³˵ȴһɼµ
ذҰ˵ӴȺôС뿪ˣ˵ûȺҲѽȺһ򾡣ֻҪһȺôֻܿ׳Ĳ˵ʱܹϮ񣬾ԽϿˣ
ذҰԷ˵ĻҲŷǲȺǵ˼Ȼ˵֮󣬷ͺܿĽˣذҰҲֻȻ뿪
ʱΣ
ذҰ뿪֮󣬷˳³һ䡣
һЩ
³ޱĵҲͨ˵ˮ׼ѣھһͷϻҲ׵Ļɱͷǡͻƺ֮ǰûɵġ
ǰ̫ˡҪܷɾͺˣڿУƾ⼸ŷ䣬ҲǡԼƤȻ̾Ϣ
ǵôҪš³ŷ
Ц
ķ䣬ԼѪдģһƬظһӣдķ䣬ԸһͷǻպϣͷǡԼò졣
ƾ϶ǲеģһɱһͷǣһһͷǣͷܴʲôʱ򣿼ذϲЩһҲУȺΣһƬطǼȻˣܵóһ֮
ʲôð취³ʵԷǷǳġ
һ롣شúܼ򵥡
³Ӫֱ߳ӪʣȻҵذҰ
ĵͼûУʵ
ذҰһ񣺡⼸ǵ̽ӰΧĵѾ̽ˡǰҪ𣿡
˵ͷе뷨Ҫ
ذҰæԼӪ֮ڣƬݳ̫ذҰ뿪һƬݳĲʮĺõط
ذҰһݼªĵͼ˷ǰ֮󣬷֪ΪʲôذҰ᲻뿪Ƭط
ƬݳĻʵ̫á
ɽ֮䣬ƽĲݳҰḻȻѾȺǻòˡƬݳڲƽȴֻСνѹľѵص㣬ֻҪûȺΪôذҰĲСֻҪסڣٴĲ䣬ҲѴ
һĺõطҲһǧĻҵ
Ⱥ̾Ƭɽ֮ϣָ˵ͼҲࡣ
ǵġ
ذҰ˵ͷɽɽѨڳ˲ݣǶʲôûУеĻﶼȺԹˣȺľʹӳԣɽȵҲȫԹˡ
šƬɽ̫ˣɽô˵ҲкܶĶ֮ǰ뷨á˼
ʲô뷨ذҰʵ
⴦ĵΣֻҪͷһôʲôǶӲȥұȺģڿûһˡ赭дĵ
뷨ǰһС˵ǺҪķѴţԼذϲܹӵеģټƬɽ˾޴󣬾ϼ꣬ȺҲֻС
ҲذҰɵô˸սҪɽеĻȺһᰡ
ȺۼɽĵͼûУʵ
ذҰɫûС̫࣬û̽
šһ£Ȼʱʦͽȥɽһˡ
ҪȥذҰ̫࣬λʵɫҲΣա
ǲͶǿߡҪΣɽȳ֮⣬Ⱥûܵ·ߡվ
ûأذҰʵ
ǾȺˡĵ
Ϊʲô˵ô϶뿪ذϲ·ϣ³ʵ
ûҪʱȺǼȻסһأĵҲûˡЦŻش
סڣȻǣ³֮ʡ
ʱ̫Ȼɽڳ˲ݣʲôûУôǾһѻǰɡĻش


473 ı
һѻǡ˵Ǻܼ򵥵ģȻҪǲȴźܴѡ
ȣȺռݵɽȻױסһɽȣƾɽֲûγ㹻ȼϵġ
ΣɽҲֻһڣȻϿֻһȻɽǷСǷжѨⶼһ⡣
ǣذϲôˣƾʲôܹסͷǵĳǻıɽ棿
Եͳ³̽ǹȵĵ֮󣬻ص˵ҪŻȺذҰֻһĿЦ
û㹻ȼϣû㹻û㹻ֶסɽڡ
ذҰʼ˵ѣǰ˰֡
һжҪҪɰֽҸղſˣǹȶӦһɽڣһɰˣҲɵɰҪ
ذҰһ£ȻҲûҪʲô͵˵ͷ˲ڵʮ׳ȥɰ
㲻Ѿôķ𣿡³Щʡ
ЩǻͨīʻģЧ̫ãмҪҪõĲϲܹá
һֽȻֿʼܱʼ顣
ڻʲô³ʡ
ֻдܹڹȿһȺ޷ԽĳǽͬҪЩһ߻һ߻ش
ֻܽסڡȼϲ⣬ɽпܵİͨҪô³׷ʡ
֮ǰɵȺҰǣҵָֻһ֡һʱûʲôõˣǾ
ЦǹΧɽҲգǲܴɽߣӣҲֻǴɽڵɽǰпӵ֮ǰһѹ֮£ɽѹɣǵ֮·𣿡
³һ
пνǾҲȥɽжֱٰӽɽͷѹһξ룬ɽıȻܽеɽɽȾ
ټϹһǽԽӹ̣ȻǹңǹΣⷽԲǧȺ½ӭ
ȽɽŪñĻҲݾߡ
³֮
ȺǾһǻ۵ĶûгʳΪ켴Ѿ㹻ʳֻȴٳʳǽǹѹϼɣǶɲСȺ϶ǻܵġ
ǲǰͬʱܹﵽõЧͷ
ȻͿ˳³
ҿɲ³÷ëһʱʾԼ̬ȡ
ҽˡ˭ֻʹãİɣʱһֻҪעӵеԪܹҪǹȿֻҲܹסôķ䣬ȡõЧ
˵ЦЦܹȺҰǣذϲôõĹ֮Ӧܹͻƺ죬ﵽɣĻǾͿȥɱˣҵķĽԽս˵ȫ⣬ò˶ãǾصɽ硣
³Ĭ
İɡ
ĳ³ļ򣺡صɽ֮ҲûȥʶЩˡ㲻Щ˼𣿵ɽ֮ǼôɽҲкܶ˻ʶĹɽ粢ûʶĶȥǿȥ顣
ǰɽǺܺããϣһõ硭Щ飬ǲ̫ȥΪϰֽײ㣬Ȼƽ˵ǲģҪõܣܹ˹øá
˽һ˼ɣˣǴξ㼯½֮ʵҲԶԶʱ˼֮ɱִһ߹Ȼǿȴֻ˼һӣ˼ǿ
ֻܹ˼ʱ򣬲п뿪硣
˵΢Ц뵽ģ磬뿪ķЧĻеɾĴڣûҪռͳελˣҪģ˼飬Լȥͺá
㵱ʱ˵ķ𣿡³ŷʵ
˵ͷǵģʱҲ֪ûЧҲû˵㣬Ҳַֹֻ㡭ãʧȥ֮󣬲Ż֪ĿɹҲ֪ܹһС
³˼˺ܾúܾãȻվ˷ǰ쳣صģԷһ
飬ɲΪǡЩ飬һеߵģʥ绹ɽ磬ϣԽģͿ԰ķȥۣȥ뿪ģܴ󣬰Ҳǿ˵ʵҺϲ磬ԣʱôҲҪֹ硣
˵û³̾Ϣ磬ʵǺܺõģҲûô׵
ǰôõ磬ΪʲôҪأҵһ˺ȴܹ뿪ķǸ𣿲ң̫ϣʱţǼⰡܹҲûô顭õľǣڻֲ󡣻¿ʼ΢Ц
ʱȥɰذϲˣŵһɰˡ
æµ죬ʮ
Ǻܴܴķÿһŷɣɣд˷Ĺ³յĳƷ۽һ鶯һҪܵĳ嶯
ȴûйΣǰǹȵĵͼԱߣʼϸĽ⡣
ŵͼǷͳ³ǹϷ֮Żģ³Ȼ֪ĵص㶼ʲôӵġǶ˵ҲȷʵֻܹΡ
鶯ٶȿ죬̵ܹʱڸϵʮص㣬ʮļɽǹѹɵЧ
ʮŷֱڷʮط
ڵͼϵʮص㣬Ȼ࿪ʼȼмţʮǳһ׵ģֻоܹͬʱʱҪպãҿʼڹȿڴʱ㿪ʼȼһܱҵĶ硣
³˵ͷס
У֮㲻Ҫ뿪ɽϣȺðմɽʵǵĻһͷɵһͷֻĽų̺ͽܹһ㡣
߲û˱ˣ³ŷ
ǻذϲʿЦ
³ƲƲ죬Ȼû˵ʲô˼ȴԡذϲЩ˵ս
Ҳֻǡ
³˵ͷЩɵĵôһҪСģҿɲһ˷ȻĻ˶˵ġ
ȻʧЦ
Գ³ת䣬ȴĵеԵĸˡ
³٣ԽԽӵĶˡ
֮ǰ֮⣬
ת䣬ܺúܺã˵Ƿǳĺá
ڵĳ³ԽԽһˣһ


474 ʿͷ˵Ĳ
紵ǹȣɽдеʱ򣬷ˡءͬ˵Ŀһ㡣
֮£һûȤ̫õģȻǹ洦ɼҰ˵Ѿϰߡ
ǰΪԲǧİȺѾ㹻ĹʳʬǵĶѨǹҪ˲٣Ҳʳḯá
һֱǹȵȺǣúܿġ
һ졣
ܶȺɽɹ̫ȺɽȻţŶ֮ǰѵõ⡣
ڶڵȺ࣬Ҳûע⵽жѨĶڣʼ΢΢Ĳ
ǳ³Ѿʼʮ
³ԼĳվǹȵϷ
Ȼ³ڻûͻƺ죬ļɺĴɽһߣɽȵĶ塣
ĿܺãһǰǹȵĹȿڲԶӰӰ´µӰҿ˷ϤӰʱͿʼ׼еˡ
ڻʣһû
һշ˵ɽɵľ롣
ζž󲿷ֵĶѨ˲ɷĹûбĶѨҲȺڶʱܳȥ
ǹȳڡ
վڳڴ߻ŵǰʮذϲսʿ
Ҳذϲеսʿˡ
ذҰذҰʱѾٻԼ޻꣬ذϲǿս˿ȻҪڷߣΪڵķûʲôսġ
ʿ緶ıĸƤڴڴƳķ䣬ǻţǧţҲǧţ٣ֻаš
ڷͳľʼɽȳڴߣÿһһڵϣ
ϣ𽥵ĳһ
һһļӺԼÿһ㷽ͻĳϰٵӹ̣ܿģǹȹȿڳͳһǽ
ǽһʼֻа˸ߣŷ߶ǽʼԽԽߣ𽥵ģذϲʿǣҲǽڵ
һֱǧĵò֮󣬳ذϲսʿǰģһ¸ߴɣͨ⻬һףʵޱȵĳǽ
һĻذϲսʿǶԷĳ羴ӵһ㣬Ͼʵһ³ǽҪ˹ĻµûĹܹ޽ڣֻǻ˲һӵʱ䣬Ѿ޽
ǵı飬Ц÷Ūĳǽûзһֱӹ̵Ļò˶ãԪͽԪɢǽԶͻʧġɲܵǳصֶɡ
˵λ֮󣬷һξ룬Ȼųǽĳ㣬ʼʣµ
һųǽСɽ£ʼǰɽ¶壬úͳǽߴƽ
Ϊֹù⣬Ҳʣû١
ذϲսʿǵ˷嶥ʼɽȡ
ûʾ³һ
ɰд֮ǰʱԽ֮󣬷ӳԽ
̫͵ĻпܽǽյñģԷŻ֮ǰҪǽΧһ¡
ذҰһ֮󣬷̧֣ʣµĽĻ˳ȥֻ˼Žá
뿪֮󣬾ͻΪһĹâʼǽ·صո
Ӳݷ𣬷һָһŷıж˵Ӳݣ˹С
ڣ
ʹ˷³֪Լʱˣ½Լһõ棬ԼڵԪ޶ȵ˹ȥ
ͨɢ˻ƹ⣬ţ˵档
һ̣ǹȣʼ˺¡¡졣
ɽڲ
ڶѨҰǣûзӦʱ򣬼̵ĶڣѾݣ
û˵ȺӶѨӿʶҪ⡣
ĸȺҲУȻڻת䣬֮ѾٷȻżǻֵģȺҲ֪ܵƽϻӵİȫ
ʮͷɫĴǷ˺ЩȺеͷǷĺУȺʼͬһһ㣬Źɱ
ɫȺͬɫĺȿڣȻ󡭡ײ˳ǽϡ
ĿԶڶȺһҲһƤڴ򿪣ֽȥץһѻ
Ȼ̧֣˳ȥ
Żͬһ㣬Ʈŷ˹ڣеķɵԶһЩеķɵýһЩ
Զͬصǣ䵽ʱ͡һȼһȵĻ𻨣
еڲԭϣеǵϡ
ڲԭϵĻãȻ죬ȻܶĲŷḻ֭ҺһʱỹȼղϵĻܰһǱһŴ
ǻҰǣҲͷǵָӣĴϹܵǣͱ˻Դʼһһĵȼǹȡ
ĶûͣÿһѣٵɫҲʼ𽥵ıò԰
ȻԪҪԪȻôÿһֻҪķһԪҲһܿɹ۵֣
ûоԪôѷ
̤ĵ·֮鶴޴İȻںͳ³ƴôһ֮鶴Ĵǧһͬ飬ص㣬ͨ˱ûʲôơ
̵һУѾڣڷͳ³ͻƿռ˴½֮ΪͷŸӽܵϵС쵰ʧȥԼȫ֮Ҳ֮⣬ûκο̵Ķ̵ܹģֻľ飬Լǻۡ
һԪһŷʱľ硣
ȥˣǹȣѾһƬ𺣡
ȼǷǳǿģɽеȼޣ𺣴󲿷ֶǿṩȼϣԷڻͣ
ֻ΢һЪϢ֮Ҫƴ
ʱһֻСצӣĽ档
ͷȥÿС쵰ԼצӴ
һ̣һɻ֮С쵰צ͵˷ڡ
۾һ
û뵽Լͳ³𽥵ĽһЩʱС쵰ҲһЩ
ϾС쵰֮һͷޣһս֮ȻҲͷһʧȥ˼ȫȻ޵ѪǻЧġ
ҲôһһĻָ֮С
Ȼ˿Ļ֮С쵰۷ʱڱֻǼСôһ˿ȴ÷ڴ˿̵õ㹻֧Ԯ
һķһ
ǵĻͬһı˳ȥǹеĸص㡣
ÿһŻǿǹȣһ˼һڣ
ȻǶȺԡ
ͷҰǣɽĴӴܣȻӵĶܹĻ⡣
ˮ飬·ӵ³ƺԤơ
ذϲսʿǶס˺ȫû뵽һʦĹ֮£ɾǧҲɵս
ʿͷ֮Ĳ࡭Ҳڴˡ


475 һ˵ս
𣬻⴦ȺϵĲҺţǹĴӴܡ
Ȼȴȫ޷ҵӳĵ·ֻͬûͷӬһ㣬ĴҴܡ
ɽһ΢΢߳СϣʮͷҰǾۼЩҰǺЩҴܵĺɫҰǲͬҪԵøӾ޴󼸷֣ƤëͨɫȺе졣
Ұ»ȺѾȵĴ֮оʧ룬ûκε˼ֻƾűĴҴܣҲֻЩѾһǵȺ죬ܹһ˿侲
֮ǰúָһҰǳŹȿڳͼƹȿڵ赲ȻԵĲʱǽǱǧǧŽģ̵ĳǽ
ɸߵĳǽѾԽȺԾļޣƻʬ壬Ҳͻǲ߶ȡ
οǽϻվذϲսʿƽսʮսʿҲòƬ̾ͱռݾƵȺƷ¾Ȼռ˵ʮսʿκνлϳǽҰ˲ͱȥ
οǽϻذҰ޻սʿȺʿĳųǽϳҲֲκεĺô
ڹ۲쵽һ֮ȺǽĿתɽ֮ϡ
ԭǾ޷ԽģϾǹȵҪо޷ԽɽȻڣɽ±ɵľ룬ȻȺͨĶͨȫѹ壬ȴҲǷԽɽͷĻᣡ
ɽ֮䣬ԭһ΢ݵĵص㣬ɽҲȽƽ±ɣƾԵøӵƽһЩȺܹԽ·;
Ϊ׵һͷǣ
Ǻصɽ֮ڡ
Ǻ֮ǹʣǧҰƺҵĹǣʼɽмۼ
ھۼǧͷҰ֮ȺΪףʼΨһͨ˹ȥ
һĻ
ذҰҪøַǴȥһƵǹȺ棬³赲Ⱥĳ
ȥˣûнսȥΣաذҰ붼ľ͵
΢΢ЦЦİɣﻹвٵķ䡭ţҲ˲٣ʱõġ³ֻ赲סһᣬǲȥĻȺӵһ֣һǺ󻼣
ذҰҲ֪¾͵˵ͷŷ˳ǽȻƺ׼ȥ
ذҰĽų̺ܿ졪ںϵ޻걾ǷϵޣȻںϵĲʲôǿޣȴҲܹӳӽ۷ʵ
ţˡ
ذҰԼ˱ϣɵĸɽȺ棬;Ҳûţ˳д˼
ذҰų̫죬ϾҲҪһȦӡƬɽȿǺܴģ٣ذҰϵ֮ǰ³Ҫһ˼һ
³ھվΨһ·
Ⱥ춼ܹ۲·Ȼ۲ó
վǴͨ·ڵһʯ֮ϣս
Ҫͨͨ͵ͨ
Żı鲼ǹ֮ڣЩȼ֮ͺ𣬳Ԫɢ֮ŻϨֻԷ˿ڷϵ裬õͼķ䣬Ҳȼһκܳʱ䡣
Ҫ嵽³ǰҪͨһƬĻ𺣡
ǵָ֮£ȺʼĳŻڳ̣ǵѪ⣬̳һ·
ȻǵƤëҲȼϵһ֣Ȼȥ֮Ѫȴܹʱֹȼգ
һȺ˻𺣣Ȼ󱻻ûÿȥһƾͻСһ㡣
ȼһ𣬿ǳĵ·ϣȴѾһƼСĵ·
ǧͷҰǣ·ϡ
ȴǵͬһ·
³ˮеĳ
Ӹ£
ȻǰƣȴܹĲһͷ˵ĳ𺣵ҰǣѸٵĽӽ֮С
һֵıܡ
Ȼǰһ֣һͷƤëѾĴȻȴԴ󷢵Ұǣͷͳʯͷϳ˳
ʯͷֻа˸ߣȻ޷ֻͨҪͨʯͷ൱˻𺣣
³ĳˣһʱ䣬ʹҰǵʺ
ţ֮һг̵Ľâ׵ľͽͷҰǵͷ­
ǰʱɱĿս֮󣬳³ֻһֵĹ֮Եı仯˿̳ܹĽâ޼᲻ݣ
Ľâ޶ȵֲʹõֻһͨľȱݡ
˵һͷͻеڶͷ
ԴԴϵȺʼ𳡣·
Ȼ·ϣŵȴһ
ųâҰȻƤڣȴȫ˽âһ׷ѪĴ֫ĴҷɣѪ⸽ĻƶŪ˼֣
³ԽԽǾгת⣬â²ȻϾ·ҰѾ뺷ηص㣬ȴǰžײű
³ĽâʲôҪ
ǰ˽ͷǵʬ֮ںȺǣ̲סˡ
Ϊɽ̫խͨҰܹͷһϣȻͨҰҪӴһȺ˵һֱȴֻһͷ
һͷ׳İǣŽýĲͬʬ壬
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Ҳһ˿
ҰǰٶȲ죬ͼԼӴѹסֵơ
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Ҫѹˣû˱ȵù̫ڵˣȻں̫һֱ̣໥֮СͻҲ٣Ϊ֮³ôܻᱻԷѹ
ɱ侲
ҰǽӽǰһԶĵطȻȻһԾɵľʯͷʱ򣬳³Ŷ
âһҰֻǰ㾡ϡ
Ȼһ䵶޷Ⱥǰ㣬ڽâ֮£ȺǼ̵ǰ㣬ͬһ㱻п
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Ȼʱ򣬳³ĽâѾʼЩˣϾάֽâҪĺܶԪ³ڵԪԣ
¡ذҰȥһᣡ
Ե˶͵Ⱥôʱĳ³ذҰѾͶأ´һʹӳ³߳˹ȥ޻Ӱһ裬һͷȺ콦ѩˣ
ȻذҰȫһҲֻȺ죬޷ɱ
ѳ³վذҰȻӻͳŽ
һ̣콣չ֣
Բ֮ڵҰǣ˲ϾͶ˿ڣҽжУ
£÷䣬ռһЩ˵İ
תͷԳ³Ц
³˷ۣʵûȥ
һս˵ܳ죬Ҳȷʵ͸֧˺ܶࡣ


476 ͻͽ
ԽȺķ˻ˣֽʣµĻڹ֮ⳡ֮սߵ˽֡
һһҹ
һ֮У©һûзյĵطǴỤ̃ҲǹеϢ
Էذϲսʿֻһ죬ûٹˣȵʧȻϨɽȵİΧҲӿ
ǺѳʦͽҪ뿪ˡ
ذϲִ˼죬ûƷֽɰϸĻ˲ŷ֮󣬷ͶذҰˡ
ذҰȻǼһǿķʦԼһɫĽʦʹˣһ˵ǼΪĲƸ
ʦͽһӣȴûлÿԲѡϣлЩʿΪ֮׷Ŀ꣬ͷ˾ͲҪȰˡ
ЦŶذҰ
һͶסذҰ죬ذҰҲ֪˵ǵĿǳһУκεܵõλʿİǲƬݳѾĸǿģƺЩ̰Ĳ㡣
ذҰԼӲƱҪ͸ͳ³ͳ³ȴܣֻǷһֽɰȻƮȻԶȥ
ʿķ緶ذҰԼĲ¸̾ԷĻǻЩŴ󴫳еʿֻͨɢ޾ȣɼЩʿжôĳɫ
źԼľ޻꣬ҲʧȥĿԵذҰʼϣԼĺϣĺӳһ֮뷽跨ΪԼĺѰʿ֮Եɺ֮£ذҰĶӻĳΪһʿذϲȫµı仯ҲǺˡ
뿪ذϲͳ³ʼһ·򱱡
ܸо֮ϵӿҵڡһ䣬һĹ֮˶ͻƺ죿Ļ˴½Ҳһѵ鰡³Է
֣һûʿĲĴҿǽ̻ũ½û˻ᣬذϲĲݳϣһķʦôŷӲĸɵӴȺһĽʦһһ˾͵ֵסȺЦ
Ӧõġ³ֱ׳ĵ
˵Ҳе
ЦȻ֣һ΢Ļ棬ʳָð˳ΧĻ
壬ֱӾܽʵʻ
뿪ذϲ֮󣬷ɹͻ˺죬죬Ҳʼ𽥵ıȵʵǿһЩܹȫָʱ״̬
³ŷĶҡҡͷ
ٶϣʼջǲ˷һ
ʼרĵҪԼʵԼʵնɱޡ
ɽӦĳͷ޵ϢءԼһƷʵ֣ɵͷû̫⡣

ͳ³ͬʱһ
³һһâӽ𣬽潣ߣͳ֮ͨڡ
ָһŻָͨͷ˹ȥ÷ڳ³ǰɵľ롣
ó³Ŀǰȴںڰ֮С
һҽͷһƷ޸ո̧ͷŻ棬ͱ³һţ
ˣǽȥѰްɡһָ֮
ͳ³˿Ѿ˴½ı߽磬̾ǿޣ˴½ϵʿҲ׵Ľ˵أϾЩǿޣеܹ;Ʒʿģ
ͳ³ȴڵ켣ţԭܼ򵥣ȻʧȥȻһѧȴǣ̸֮˳³ȫԺܺõסԼϢЩǿ޷֡
İȫ˱֮󣬳³ͷʼ˴½ıԵشǿ޾Ͷ㿪ЩһƷֻҪͳ³ǵ˴ù
Ȼͳ³ֻ켶ΪȻһղҲΪĬľϵʹã³ɱʿ޾Խսı£ֻҪƷ޻һƷ̫࣬Ҫɱֲѡ
ֻһͷһƷ޵Ļô˵ͻȻϮǰ͵ɱ
˴½ټˣʿǵŬ޵ĻΧۼ˱ԵشЩƷ޲û̫ľ֮ġΪбʿңڵˮ׼ֻɱЩƷϵǿޣһƷޣܻɱ٣ҲܸǻöٵĹ֮
£ͳ³ڷٵš
ǲĻʲôľ֮顪ϾǶվڹ۷ÿص㶼ָƣֻҪ㹻ǽκεļɻ䡣
ԽĻɱ֮£µԽԽ࣬ͳ³ʵ֮ǰ˵üΪѸ١
ڵ׶ΣһһͻƣڷͻƵһƷΪΪһʿ֮󣬳³Ҳﵽ춥壬ӵƷֻʣһ֮ң
һֻҪûԼʿͺɥˣʲôҲûƷŻս֮εֻء
볤֮ʿͼûȻĿˣʱ䣬ǲϵԼԼĸ
ͳ³̤ĵ·
ʱڣǼϵڱԵشɱޣСıܿЩʵҪǿޣרƷ߳ԼԼȴܹԸЩ֡
ӲҲһܹģϾӵԽսʿ̫ࡣ
Ƿͳ³ʿ
Ƿľϵͨǳ³Ľ츳£ԽܱԼǿĶ֣ǻɱһƷޣȵǴﵽһƷΪʱȥѰҵľƷˣƷޣҲѵֵס˵ֳ
ûڱԵشû޵ľ裬Ͼϵȥ
Ȼ޲ûԼǣȴӵűܣڼͷǿ޵֮£ڱԵشչ˴ˣҪʿҳ
Ȼȴʼ޷ʶ֮ڻϾ綼ܹȫסԼϢʩչ֮ʱּ֮Ҳ޷֣ͱ˵Щˡ
Χջ񣬷䵥޲ϱɱұɱƷҲԽԽߡ
һʱ䡣
Ȼͳ³ǰ
ŷټһֲĽ
ͷΪ׵ģƷѾӽɵޣͳ³һնɱɾ׵סޡ
ɽҰĴӵǣͳ³һЦ
뿪ʱˡ³Щĵ
ǰǻصɽʱˡҲ΢Ц֪ڵɽ磬Ǹʲôء


477 Ĳ²
½ѵĻɽ磬ȷʵκ˵һõص㡣
ŨĴɼҩݡԴֻҪʣԼʵôܹԼʵһֱȥ
ǰɽƶȣ̫Ű塭ȻܹÿʵܹһһȥȻڴﵽ֮󣬾ͻҲûͻƵĿԣ֮󣬱ض¶˳
Գ³ʵѾǣӦγ硣
³ŷҪҪ˵ʲô
ʵɽʽͻƵķֻ֮ǰǣ˲·ѡݻ֮չΪСǧ磬ʱǵĿʼѡ
³¶˼ɫ
ʵڴﵽ𾳽֮󣬾ˡСǧ磬һĴڣĴڣԼģΪʲôͲһ㣬أ
΢Цԭܼ򵥣ΪСǧ֮󣬲ûСǧһ磬ǽһ˽ܳΪᲢ۵磬ܹһĻܹӵһĻô磬ȻͻὫųȥ
Ҳ˵֮ǰǵ·һֱСǧ綼ԼµܹĹߣԼսǿĹߣȴû뵽ܹСǧ磬˽еıʡ³˵ͷ֮
ӿɽҲЦһϣ·ãǿԴͷ𣬿ҵ룬᲻Ϊʵ
˵ǶԵġΪɾľ磬Ҳ޷뿪磬Ϊǲų⣬䱩ȥͨԶĽųȥ˼ɣ³ŷ
û˼Цŵ˵ͷ
ΪʲôˣһŬأ³ʵ
ΪҲȷ᲻һ뿪ĵ·ɾ˵Ҫĸı䣬Ǻ׵ģȴҪͷʼܲҲԼˣȻͷʼɣȻǵѾûˣôɴ·˰ɡһЦ
·ЧĻǾͿԳԣ㳢ԲУҲɴͷ𣿡³ʵ
Ȼ˵ˣܲɽһɾûУһһﶯô죿Цһ뷨磬ҲӦȺһģǡֻ˶ѣֻг磬ǲܹĻصԼļ硣
Ϊʲô˵³һ䡣
ΪĴڣܹģֻǣҪͷ𣬶ҲǵƻСǧ磬粻ڵص㣬Ҳ˵ĸ֣Ҳ޷Խ磬ûĸ֣û˭ҪģҲֻˣŻ뷨
³ĬĬĵͷ֮⣬ɽҪĴʵϲ٣ֻһֱܹﵽɾĴڲ࣬룬ҲûһŪִִ鷳
ԣǾŬһ㣬ȥ֮⣬һôĹ⾰ɣЦ
ϵ
ڵķͳ³˵ɽһܼ򵥵顣
ӵһ·ȥļ䣬Ȼ֪Ӧóһʲôǰ
֮ǰɾľ飬ǼİһзӵҲһйսܵЩսǵļУûʧʧֻûӳѡ
ֻǻȻܿ졣
ͳ³ţһֻһٶʱɾĵز³أѵʱȷҪ̡
£ֻǲ£ʵٶȣƾˡ
һʱ䣬ǾʹƷͻƵ˹Ʒͻһ󾳽硣
ʮʱ䣬ɵˡ
һʱ䣬˵ܡ
ܹݻƣչСǧ磬ֻһ֮ң
֮ǰǴСǧͻƵǧʱڻһЩ顭ȻЩ鶼ȻģԲγһҪԪأǴڿʼҪСĵ飬ʲôʱų⣬ô˵ǵ飬ǳɹġ
ھҪͻƵ𾳽֮ǰԳ³
³˵ͷһ¡
ͬʱ۾Ԫ֮ӿʼƽŸ졣
Ѿ鶴ڵķʽ˳³˵ĸ죬ͬС
һ֮󣬷ͳ³ͬʱ۾
³ҡҡͷʾʧˡ
ҲͬʧˣΪ֮ǰֵǸٶȳֻ֡һĻƵͻСǧų⡣
۾룬ȻǵĲ󡭡һǲġ
Ϊʲô³һ䣬ȻͷӦˣΪһռ䣿
û˵ͷֻܹ͡ҪģһڴСҲԶ磬ȻĶȴһ١Ҫ֮ڣһôͲֻһ򡣡
־顭ҲûС³
۾ȻЦ
־顭ƺУȻûʵزȴҲ
³ԾĿŷʵڲ֪Ϊʲôľ顣
һָ̧֣˳³üġ
һ׳ľɫ˳³ʶ֮С
ڰ磬һ㣬ͻȻ˱ը
ը御˳Ǹڷɿ𽥵γ档
һſŵʼȻΧĳЩܹɢƣһϵ
ڲϵչһϵϵĲγһޱߵ档
ڲϵչҲڲϵʧÿһ̶ֱȻÿһ̣ø
һһγɵģƺ䣬ȴ޵
⸱ʧʱ򣬳³۾
֪ʲôʱˮա
γɵĿˣɤʷ
ǵġ𺳰ɣ
΢Цÿһ̶ڻÿһȴڲϵšһγ֮˵ǲģ飬ȻȴܹעҪĵط׳ܹĻϵıԼԪķ򡣡
һӴ쵽ҪڼƵʱ䡭ľɫɽҲʲô³̾Ϣ
û˵磬ҲӦô磬Ϊֻ̫뿪֮ǻῴһµ磬һΣյģȴ޿Ե硣Цúܿġ
磬޿⼸֣Ϊ֮ܶһˡ³Ҳ¶ͬ΢Ц
ôȥѰǵĻɡȻѾȷһ㣬ôǾӦúһжѰĹ硣


478 ķ
Դϵɵӿʱϲõ
ȻǾһּ临ӵ񣬿վڷĳ³
Ȼ³ֻչֳ˴۷˶֪Գ³ʣɾʵʡ
Ȼ֮󣬳³ܺͷԼһָɽǰ
ҪǣȻ³нڵӵĽܵ˼ص˺Ȼڣӿȵĳų³Ϊ֮ͷ
³Ҫ죬ôɽ磬Ҳͻ᲻ɱѡ
ںòƽҲûĽޣǸȡ裬ƽ棬ĻָԪɽѵĻֽ಻ս
ܿģһ仰ͽǴˡ
ǡӦҵȻ뿪ķ
仰˵еìܶڡ
仰ζʲô֮ɽĸ߲㣬Ѷš
ַʽܹƹ㿪Ļôɽ罫һȫµľ档Щĵ
˺ĴڱĲͬǣǲ㡣
ʥ޷ӿ޵ȥǲʲôζġ
Ȼʵﵽһĳ̶֮󣬾ͻ뿴֮Ļʲô
ΪпǲҪһֱ뿪
½ʱ˶ŷɽȥ
ɽ磬ҲҪ뿪
ȻĹɾҲ޷̽鵽ԴͷȻͳ³з붼֪磬ʵҲоͷġ
ƵķΧоͷδ֪ǿգҲоͷġ
δ֪ǿоͷ³ҲֶΡ
Ҳһֱ̽δ֪ǿգҪ̽һڡ
ʵɾǶɹδ֪ǿ޾ȻʵϣȴһظѭԲȻԶҲ߲ͷȴܹоԼҲδ֪ǿյı߽硣
ڿִǸݵʱ򣬲Ƿ뻹ǳ³Ѿȷһ㡣
³Ż˿˺ģ½ߵҪ俪硣
ΪѾоûκķ뿪
ڣ֣Ȼ˵ǵ߸Եġ
ǰԼ΢ЦҲķķ
ڷĻĵ˵ͷ
֮ǰӷɴ½ɽ磬ȻҲ뿪һɵ磬µ磬ȻʵϣǷɴ½ϵʿɽˣ֪Ǳضᷢġ
ɽ쳯ͨɽʹ߸ʿһЩ飬ַ֪ķ
ȻأΪʵǾͽȥһδ֪硣
⽫һȫµĿ꣬ȫµģȼϣ붷־Ŀꡣ
һֱȥ֪յΪ
ȻǶ˵ȴǳʹࡣ
ɽʸ۵ˣڼ̵ʱڣ͸ϵ˶Դǡ
룬Լķ֮ɾ֮ɾ𡢵𡭡
ŵţҲ׷׵ĸϵ˶Դϡ
ɽݼۼڴˡ
Ľڴܡڿ³֮һԳ³һȻȻվ˳³
һڷ˵Уϳ˿Ц
ҿڳ³ֻصͬһսϣȻĻûԸԳ³ĽԼڵӵĽ
ҲûзϻǽԼĲ룬˵˳
ټϷӡ֤ɽǣܿͬ˷Ĳ롣
˴ܼʵϾ磬Ѿֻһ֮ңֻ֮ǰҵȵˡ
֮ǰΪɽҪǿԿ磬ĵ··Ҳ˵ȴ뿪磬ûκεİ
ڣһ·׷һ䣺Ǻ֮ìܣҲڣҪĵԴЩԴ˵ûκε塣ǷˣҲֻ뿪磬ǣûʲôӰ졣
Ҳܷ³ļһ䡣
仰õ˷֮ɾ֮ɾͬ
λɾȻû۷״ֻ̬˼Ϊȷͳ³ڻҪһЩȻǵĻȴźܴ
ǲܽϣ粻ṥǵϡ٣ɽҪһɾܹȡ޶ȵĺƽ֮ɾ
ôھͲŴͷˡЦɽΨһɾɽͼѹ磬Ȼܶ
ȵҺָɾʵ֮Ϳ뿪ˡ֮ɾҲЦ֪ҲǺ뿪ġȴ̫뿪Ҳҿһֱȥ
Ҳԡ֮ɾĵҲзҪ뿪ĳ嶯Ҿţͦá
ͬʱЦǵȻ֪֮ɾ뷨֮ɾ˵ģɽɾ֮УҲֻֻάɽ磬ûġ
ִΪ³ȴûκιϵͿԿ
ȵҵ뿪ķ֮ҲҪѧһѧһͲסįˣȥµȥǣʱɽҲӦܹµɾ˰ɣ
Ƶĵһֱɽ綼ûгµɾҲ²һԭ򡭡Ϊ磬ֻɾɣǰɾû뿪µɾͲҲˡ
Ҳ˵ĳҲͬ޵ġ΢΢ͷ
ûûתΪִ֮֮Ȼܼ̺ĳе޵ģǵĴڣҲѹźܶ˵ʵûסЦ
λǷ׷׵ͷҪ֪֮ǰɽǿ֮ǰɽɾ޵ţٶȼ죬ûʲôƣȻɽǿ֮˵ʵƺסˡ
ɾһֱô࣬ﵽһĹģ֮ҲʼͣͲǰˣҪ֪ɽʽյ˵ɾʲôģԵ׺ܶ࣬ȻȴƺеŶҲһ㣬Ȼһ⣬ȴҲȫɾһ
ڿ߲ĸֲڳλˣҲûͷ
һжǷǳ飬Ҳɽʶ֮ʿ׵飬Ϊ
ڱһ룬Ե÷ˡ
Ȼɽֻǲ룬ûκε֤ݿ֤ȻųеĿ֮ʣµԣżĿ࣡
ôǵҪβȻųǣ⡣
ڻ֮СҺͳ˺ܾãȴɾûʲôԣϣȺȺһͬݿԣѰҵʺϵķ
ЦҼţһʺϵķ𼶱ˣܹ뿪磬ķ


479 ìܸԴ
ɽǣڽʱ˿ѧҡ
ըľȫǵʶ֮ڣȻǿʼоеϸڣըԴյγɣԼСǧģ
ǧԥĻٵԼĴǧСǧ磬ȻʼϵģκһĵãᱻǺԥķ׳Ȼһ
ɽ˵ȷʵһޱǵ顣
ܹﵽ𼶱ˣҲǧĴڣҸ츳ɫĴڣ̫״
³˵ȷʵܺãסúȻ˵ӣֻһѡ
ΪһУ˵֪ġ
ûʲôܹǵ۾ûʲôطֵȥ̽գǻűɽҪԿĻ³ѡ񼫶˷ʽˣ¾Բ١
Ҳǹ⣬ȥսִʱͿǹ⡣
ҪӮˣȻ½ݣӮˣµĴôи˾£Կһ񣬶ʧ١
ûϵ
ʱҲһֱڿӦôôܹ뿪磬ͨ뿪ͨ
Ⱦͱϵġ
ִ鼯˾Ŵֻܹ֮ûķʽ뿪Ըɹ֮󣬾糹׵Ļ
ϣ
ǣ磬Զų⡣
ǰںܶС˵пĶ˺ܶྭľͷ
ʲôģǶԼ㲻뿪Ҳų㣬뿪
ȻЩ֮УųЩĴڣΪ̫ǿ
ɾѾĴˣҲ޷ǿԼ
ȻɾȴԶԶųԼֻǶ硣
Թ⣬һֱûס
ڳ³֮ͨʱҲû˵̫ȷķ
ֻǲ³ԣȴ޷˵ȷ
һֱܾˣȫΪͨȻص˴½֮󣬷һֱ˼⡣
Գ³ͷ츳Ҫȥ̫ѵ飬Ȼ³ӣֻҪɾǻ뷽跨Ĵ뿪ġ
߲ǻĴڡ
ҲƱزܽ³ֱӸɵּĸ֣㱻ɵˣҲܹתȻѸٵԼġ
һֱȥĻɽҪѣ³ڵ֧֣ڵһֱɽսǿĴڣ֮˳ͻôܶ˭ûô
˫ʼսĻǾͱضͿ̿󣬾пҶֲô
Էϵų³ȥƽ⵽ƽòôƫôֻ̧ͷҪ뿪ͷ£绹ô˵ĵط
ˣôһоûˡ
⣬
δ֪ɵģÿһ˵ıܡ
ûıܣǾͲͨƽڵǻƽһƽȰֵĹһȥġ
˵Ȼ࣬Ǻֻǲ׺һڡ
ɽżŵúܵͣôµţÿһʱͻɽţȻƽ֮Ը̤ɵ·ƽȴǺٵġ
Դӱ˵ÿˣֲȵķӡ
Ƕʵǰһ
ǲŻ뿪Լļ磬̤ɵĵ·Ӷ˷ֱΪеһӡ
Ͼǳİȡ
ޱȷḻֻҪ㣬ͲԲӣǲѹƽ£Ҳʲô鷸֮ͽΪܹ˶Ա˭ûȥǸ
οҲض⵽ǵѹ
ɽƽҲôУɢڸϣյӡ
Ҹѡ뿪磬̤֮;ģضЩɽϣɽĺʲôˡ
ǳΪˣ뿪˼磬ܹǿƵܹȥܶĵطܶǰһĶ
ȻܿģǾᷳˡ
Ϊ粻󣬶Ϊ磬ظĵط̫ࡣ
ÿطһЩޣкܶƽ񣬰ţḻƽϲ֣ûʲôҪ򱧲ƽ飬Ҳûʲôô̼顣
磬ٴҲܿᷳ
ڣһ뿪ֲٻķʽɽʸ뵽ǣó޶ȵ顣
ǲϵģĲȻ󲻶ϵʧܣÿʧܣǶᷢһЩµĶȻЩµķ֣ܵΪΨһһ֪ը۵Ĵڡ
Ȼֻ֪һСƤëǰһЩӾпһЩǳòٴǳ֪ʶվһߵλ֮󣬼ܹϵģʹҵըۣҲʼյԽԽá
Լƣʶ֮ڣһ
ĻûʲôҲԶĲΪ汾ģ᲻ϵӡ
һ磬ͽ޷
һˮٵһˮˮͱض
ˮһ壬ôģͱضµȥǱˮ
ҪԼ壬ǱˮȻȻ뿪硣
ķ
ڲϵơ
ϸڲϵı֡
ɽ֮ͨ£һչ÷ǳĿ졣
Ҳ֪£ǲû뷨Ͼɽ绹Ǳ˺ǿ٣ɽͼڷѹ硣
οɽҪо뿪磬ʲôϵ
ǿɲ뿪磬ɽһЩˣǹøڡ
Ͼɽ̫ǿˣǿԶԶĵزȻɽѾƽˣϺǿһˡʥˡǿǻúĵġ
Ҫܹϵ뿪ĻǾ̫ˣ˺סĿռ䣬ôô
ٵԷ
֮ǰǽ໥һЩ⣬ìܵĸԴҲڡղ˵ǵ̫࣬ÿ궼պܶµˣǵ¼ɵ̫ӴӴÿܹ˵ĵزʥ绹Ƿ磬Ŷô죬οǰٷϴˡ
ȴĶԸҪµһȽϻḶ́ȴܿݣԳȥĻǾ㲻룬ҲڲԾռ޶ķչռ䣬Ҳƽ
ĬĬͷҪչһõĺᣬҲǺѵģѪ巢չᣬɲҧһھˣӵĸӡ
ͷҲһ
ҪѰ뿪ķ磬ҲֻǵһתվĻ֮ìܣͿԳ׵
ԽԽˣȷʵΰɾûӵɾ̾Ϣ


480 ɾ
ܹظݣȻƾһ˵ҪģԴ͵Ḷ́ǲܵġ
ǰޱȷļԼޱȾܵĲٿءں߷棬˿ԼǿƣȻǰߣȴκһܹɵģǿɾҲС
ֻκʱȺȺ飬õġ
ǧ𼶱ڲϵøַʽţܹɾģûһǱˣŵ˵ǻ֮ͨһȺҹֵ֮£ըȷģʽı˳
뵤ҲܿĽԼʵ˴ܵˮ׼Ҳ뵽о֮ɽоٶȣ˼֡
ô˵оɹϷһЩ˼ȷ·ʼ𽥵ĳ˵ǰ
ͷƣʼɢǿҵԪ
һ̣ʼǿмѹЩԪһ㣬޵ѹ
̣ķѺܳʱ䡣
ɽĸֶޱȽŵڷߣȴĽ
ѹѹϵѹ
ÿһԪѹ˼ޣȻԴԴϵԪӿȻٶȱѹ
Һ壬ȻҺһľ壬ЩܵĽһ𣬳ϵѹ
Ѿѹɼ޵壬ڻڲѹ£ʲô
۵һ޵ʱǾǱը
һ㿪ʼıը
һ㣬˾ҵıը
ˮķȻѾԼʶ֮ڣȴɻ
Ѿȱ壬Ҳܵ˼𵴣ɫѪҺʼĸλð
㿴ᶼˣȻһ̣ȴҲκε¾ŵ˷
˿Ҳܡ
ڵıըû˲ϯƣȻһ΢Сòɲĵıը𵴵Ҳ÷ƣЩܲס
һɼȵӺĵشʼɢʡ
Щʣʼ˷䡣
Զľ֮һʷͷʼһЩرǿȶȵʣʼγ˺ǡ
ǿһֲûرǿȶȵʣʼƣĻߡ
۾
Ȼ΢Цţż˵ͷ
ܱҵĻ
ȥŵʣɹˣ㲻һ̾Ҫˣ𣿡
һʼЦݵĵͷȻܿĻعˣʲôʲô
ˡ󷽵ĵ
գһ۾ȻžϲĿżĶӡ
ѹּĶһЩ¡ˡ˲˰Լ뿪ʮˣĶӾȻֻǴôһ㣬Ҫã
Ҫǰļ㷽Ļһ̵ñӡ
ҵɽһЩʱˡЦ
ôôµô£
ǿɲ׷
׳ǾЧġҸղѾģˣҲо֮ǹųУҺܿڵı仯ٵˡش
ΪʲôҪ³üͷһ䡣
ΪƲʵҲ󡣡̾һҵѾǼӴˣȴɺһ棬ֻǳΡ˽׶֮ҪͽȫͬΪҪԼƲϵչͼӹ̣ܹܵסһȫµ桪ģĺ΢ģĻ޷оڣǼѹȥ
Ҫӹ̵ʲôزһ䡣
ž͵״Ƕʱɡûʱǲӵм̵ƵģҪ飬ǰǰչСǧʹǧľչ棬ΪƲһƬ޵Ŀռ䣬ܹһȫµ档
ͣڳ˶Ŷһʲôһǳʱ䣬ǲʱ䳤ֻ³ʱһöûС
룬ɽʽһ츲صı仯
֮ɾ΢Цеˣݻ֮󣬾Ͳٻ֮ǰҪʬȻնȴʬʵϺܶˣһرסģܹͻƵܾˣʮﻹûһɡ
֮ɾҲ˵ͷĸı䣬е˵һ֮Ҫֻһ£ǾǲϵչԼƣӹԼƣ֮ǰ˵ȻҲỺһЩȻȴЩҪĹؽڡܹ뿪ˣԽԽġ
ĸı䣬Ϊ㡣ŷɽֱ仯Ĺؼ
óɽĹͬŬʼ֮ش
Ȼۣȴģûۣɽٷ٣ҲźƵĵҲ֮һ
𡣡ҡҡͷգ磬δ֪ľǵıܣҲĲͬûĿǲĵ·ҲڶʱԼ۷塣ǵıܣҲһֱ׷顣
Ȼû㣬Ҳֻ뵽ñȻɾλϴòǳϣΰǸɾ
³ȻڿˣҲŸƵġ
΢΢Ц
Լʲôֻ취һɽһֱţȴڸȥ˵ìܡ
Ǿǿ뿪ˣҪά֮ìܡ
ʵⲢʲôìܣ˫е뿪֪磬̽δ֪磬жıԴ
ά磬άľסΪά෢չ
ף˫ìܾԴûҵһƻܹ뿪ķ
֮ǰɽƽΪɾҲ޷ƻ硣
оˣͻɢǶƽѹԴǵ¡
ȵִѣìܣʼ˼񱬷ǰᡣ
Ǿִ˺ܶˣĳַ硣
³̳һֻľ֡
˳³Ҳܻǻжޱȿˣٶ
һɵڵìܡ
ۣĿԣìܣõ˳׵Ľ
û̫̽δˣػɽ磬ػɽеƽ
Ҫ뿪ˣʱһ㣬Ȼ뿪ԼԼ
˫ȡ衣
һĽ
ڳˣʼԷ
ɽΰɾɽԴ쵼ɽµĵ·ҲԴָʾĹ£ԶɽȥΪ㣬ɽ޷չĿܡ
ǿʼλܿģλʹɽ硣
һɾ֣ɽ罫Զȥ


β 

ʮ󣬼˳һӣΪ㡣
ڼ䣬ӹԼƵˣûţչͼӹƵֶΣоȻȥ

ʮ󣬷ͼһͬԼ˴׳١
ͬʱɵһ˲䣬ͬʱܵԼļѹ
ӵǿ˿ʼɼƯɽٳεʱ䣬ȻǷ֣ͼһǺϤĵطδ֪ǿյڡ
ƺƵɽŷͼδ֪ǿڣһͬεʱ䣬ǲſδ֪ǿյĳطһ͸Уͼ㱻룬Ȼʧ
ԭҪɹܹٶ뿪簡˶ĸп
³뿪硣
Ƿһɽˡ
ԽԽˣѡ뿪硣
Ĵ½
Ȼ
Űû뵽ɽ֮ǻҪսռһѾȫʧȥս֮ϣ̾Ϣŵ
˵ͷ˭ʵ棬ֻеһӣܵĽءӵǿܵΪһɡ
³СӺҲɽˣǰץһ˿ķ²˵һϲý࣬ĴɱЩصء
šԸʵʵġ
ŰҪǶӲ֪֮ɱô죿
԰һܴⰡ
һ뷨ǾǷĵص㣬һǰվȻ˷֮ǰĵص㶼ͬģô˷ĵصҲ࣬ȥҳ³ҲֵĻǾȥɣҪһָ
Ǻð취öܵ˺֮󣬿Ѿôĵܵãһܿĵء
ǧŮЦǰһܿĵġ
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